text:
Galeorhinus galeus
|Scope: Global
Language: English
|Scientific Name:
|Galeorhinus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
|Regional Assessments:
Common Name(s):
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Vulnerable A2bd+3d+4bd ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
Needs updating
|Walker, T.I., Cavanagh, R.D., Stevens, J.D., Carlisle, A.B., Chiaramonte, G.E., Domingo, A., Ebert, D.A., Mancusi, C.M., Massa, A., McCord, M., Morey, G., Paul, L.J., Serena, F. & Vooren, C.M.
|Musick, J.A., Walker, T.I., Cavanagh, R.D., Fowler, S.L., Stevens, J.D., Pollard, D. & Dudley, S. (Shark Red List Authority)
A widespread mainly coastal and bottom associated shark of temperate areas which has been fished in all parts of its distribution. In the 2000 IUCN Red List, Galeorhinus galeus was listed as Vulnerable globally and Conservation Dependent in Australasia (Stevens 2000). This updated assessment retains the original Vulnerable global assessment (with updated criteria) and presents new regional assessments of this species as Critically Endangered in the Southwest Atlantic, Vulnerable in Australia and South Africa, Near Threatened in New Zealand and Least Concern in the Eastern North Pacific. Further research, monitoring and assessment of status is required for this species in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean, Eastern Central Atlantic and Eastern South Pacific where it is currently considered Data Deficient. Australasia The Australia and New Zealand assessments are based mainly on two pieces of evidence: (1) In southern Australia the current mature biomass has been estimated from age-based model outputs to be below 20% of the level before commercial target fishing began in the 1920s, and; (2) Very low biological productivity; maximum age is potentially 60 years, age at maturity in females exceeds 10 years. In New Zealand, the stock has been managed for 17 years, and landings have been stable for the past decade. However, commercial TACs introduced following some CPUE declines have been regularly exceeded. Fisheries for the species are managed by ITQs in both New Zealand and Australia that should allow stocks to begin to rebuild, but the sustainable catch level in New Zealand remains unknown. Southwest Atlantic In the Southwest Atlantic the G. galeus population is subject to intensive fishing throughout its distribution, drastic declines have occurred yet the population continues to be fished without restraint. The declines have been most marked in Brazil and Uruguay, where the CPUE has declined almost to zero. The species migrates seasonally between wintering grounds in south Brazil and Uruguay and summer grounds off Argentina where the pupping and nursery areas are situated and where intense and directed fishery of gravid females occurs. In Argentina, where the animals are generally smaller, the CPUE for the trawler fleet has declined by around 80% during the past decade and based on current trends will inevitably collapse within 5 to 10 years. Already considered Critically Endangered, without major and urgent management measures the situation for this species in the Southwest Atlantic is set to become even worse. South Africa In South Africa Galeorhinus galeus has been targeted to varying degrees since the 1930s and likely prior to that by indigenous coastal communities. As the principal target species of the directed South African shark fishery it is likely that the population has been affected. There is evidence of declines from commercial catch data and observations from shark longline fishermen. Also of concern is data from the Gansbaai longline fishery showing a high proportion of the catch to be immature females. Recent estimates based on a spawner biomass per recuit model (therefore must be considered with caution) suggest that biomass of the South Africa population is at 43% of pre-exploitation level (M. McCord 2005). It is possible that the South African population is currently being fully exploited and any increase in fishing pressure may result in a decline of biomass to below 40% of the unexploited level (McCord 2005). The lack of well-designed regulations governing the South African recreational and commercial shark fisheries and lack of bag limits/bycatch limits in other fisheries that take G. galeus means that a hypothetically unlimited fishery exists for that species. Given the life-history characteristics of this species (long generation time, late age at maturity, first age of reproduction) and the knowledge of the state of the fisheries for these sharks elsewhere it is likely that the South African population of G. galeus is highly susceptible to overfishing and the Vulnerable assessment is based on the fact that the current shark fishery is virtually unregulated, declines have apparently already taken place and are predicted for the future. Proposed policy for 2005 indicates that long-term rights for the shark fishery will be allocated and multi-species permits will be revoked and replaced with single-species permits. It is envisaged that demersal longline permits to target soupfin sharks will be restricted in number as will the number of traditional handline vessels permitted to catch traditional linefish (including sharks). This will alter the characteristics of the fishery and it is highly recommended that another stock assessment be completed within 3 to 5 years to evaluate the effect of these changes on the population. As for its range into Namibia and southern Angola; there is no fishery for this species, they may be occasionally caught in trawl fisheries but there is no further information at this time. Northeast Atlantic Galeorhinus galeus is of limited importance in commercial fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic where it is typically a bycatch of mixed demersal and pelagic fisheries especially by French vessels fishing in the English Channel, Western Approaches and northern Bay of Biscay. In Europe, this species is important in recreational fisheries. Data is apparently limited, as landings are often included as "dogfishes and hounds". Nevertheless, England and France have species-specific landings data and there are also limited data from Denmark and Ireland in recent years. Tope also feature in catch statistics for Portugal and the Azores. Biological data for Northeast Atlantic stocks are limited. Due to lack of data to form the basis of an accurate assessment, the species is considered Data Deficient in the Northeast Atlantic at this time and further investigation into its status there is required. Mediterranean Although there are no target fisheries for G. galeus in the Mediterranean, declines are suspected to have occurred, and it is only rarely seen as bycatch. Overfishing, together with habitat degradation caused by intensive bottom trawling are considered the main factors that have produced the suspected decline of the Mediterranean stock. Due to lack of data to form the basis of an accurate assessment, the species is considered Data Deficient in the Mediterranean. Eastern North Pacific Galeorhinus galeus was the mainstay of the shark fishery "boom" between 1936 and 1944, when over 24 million pounds were landed. The fishery ended abruptly in 1946 with the development of synthetic vitamin A. Since 1977, the fishery has averaged between 150,000 and 250,000 pounds dressed weight landed annually. Since no studies on this species have taken place in over 50 years in this region, it is unknown whether stocks off California have attained the size of those exploited before the second world war. However while it appeared that the adult stock might have collapsed at that time, there would have been large stocks of juveniles to allow for a population recovery. Since the 1940s there has been no economic incentive to target it and these sharks are now mostly taken at low levels as a bycatch to other commercial species and by recreational anglers. Although there has been no stock assessment for several decades, the fishing mortality can be expected to be low, landings have been relatively stable and given the lack of a concentrated fishery at this time this species is listed as Least Concern for the eastern North Pacific. However, if fishing pressure increases it will be necessary to re-evaluate this assessment. Eastern Central Atlantic and Eastern Pacific (off Peru and Chile) There is currently no information from the Eastern Central Atlantic off West Africa, nor in the Eastern Pacific off Peru and Chile. However, given the evidence of decline and low recovery capacity from other parts of its range, it is imperative that the status of this species is further investigated in these and other regions for which this species is considered Data Deficient, in order to establish appropriate conservation and management measures.
|Previously published Red List assessments:
|Range Description:
|Widespread in temperate waters.
In southern Australia the species occurs from Perth in Western Australia to Morton Bay in Queensland, including Lord Howe Island (uncertain) and Tasmania. It also occurs in the Southwest Atlantic (on the shelf from southern Brazil to Patagonia) and Northeast Atlantic (including the Mediterranean where it is present but uncommon (Whitehead 1984, Notarbartolo e Bianchi 1998), eastern North Pacific (from British Columbia to southern Baja California including the Gulf of California), off Peru and Chile, and in the South Pacific, New Zealand and off South Africa (Compagno in prep b). In the Subequatorial Africa region, it ranges from Namibia to East London on the southeast coast of South Africa (Compagno in prep b). It is absent from the Northwest Atlantic and Northwest Pacific.
|Countries occurrence:
Native:Albania; Algeria; Angola; Argentina; Australia (New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia); Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Brazil; Canada (British Columbia); Cape Verde; Chile; Congo; Congo, The Democratic Republic of the; Côte d'Ivoire; Croatia; Cyprus; Denmark; Ecuador; Faroe Islands; France; Gabon; Gambia; Germany; Gibraltar; Greece; Guinea-Bissau; Iceland; Israel; Italy; Lebanon; Libya; Malta; Mauritania; Mexico; Monaco; Montenegro; Mozambique; Namibia; Netherlands; New Zealand; Nigeria; Norway; Peru; Portugal; Senegal; Slovenia; South Africa; Spain (Canary Is.); Sweden; Syrian Arab Republic; Tunisia; Turkey; United Kingdom; United States (California, Hawaiian Is.); Uruguay; Western Sahara
|FAO Marine Fishing Areas:
Atlantic – eastern central; Atlantic – northeast; Atlantic – southeast; Atlantic – southwest; Indian Ocean – eastern; Mediterranean and Black Sea; Pacific – southeast; Pacific – southwest; Pacific – eastern central; Pacific – northeast
|Additional data:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|This species makes extensive migrations, for example, animals tagged in the United Kingdom showing mixing throughout their Northeast Atlantic distribution and being recaptured as far away as to the north of Iceland (2,461 km), the Canary Islands (2,526 km) and the Azores (1,610 km off the coast of Portugal) (Fitzmaurice 1979, Holden and Horrod 1979, Stevens 1990). In Australia, tagging has shown mixing across most of the southern half of the continent (with movements of up to 1,260 km) and a number of animals have moved across the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand (Olsen 1984, Brown et al. 2000).
Spatial and temporal variations in size structure and sex ratio are apparent for various populations of G. galeus (see Walker 1999), which have implications for management. The species appears to have fairly discrete pupping and nursery areas, which are often in shallow, protected bays and estuaries (Olsen 1954).
Inshore waters of Victoria and Tasmania include nursery areas for this species. Olsen (1959,1984) reported a decline in abundance of juveniles in two Tasmanian nursery areas sampled regularly over a five-year period. He attributed this decline to fishing pressure on pregnant females during their pupping migration and to intensified fishing of juveniles in inshore areas such as Port Phillip Bay during the period 1940 to 50. In Port Phillip Bay during 1943 to 1945, 60,000 juveniles averaging 0.9 kg in weight were caught annually. A continuation of this nursery area sampling during the 1990s (Stevens and West 1997) indicated a substantial further reduction in abundance of school shark pups and small juveniles in Tasmanian and Victorian embayments and estuaries. Since the abundance of pups sampled in these areas seems insufficient to account for the current adult stock size it is likely that other pupping areas exist, either outside Victoria and Tasmania, or more likely, close inshore along ocean beach coastlines. In New Zealand inshore embayments such as Kaipara Harbour are nursery areas for this species (Walker 1999).
Southwest Atlantic
The southwest Atlantic population of G. galeus migrates seasonally between wintering grounds off south Brazil and Uruguay, and summer grounds off Argentina where the pupping and nursery areas are situated.
In the wintering area off south Brazil the species occurs from April to November, south of latitude 33°S over smooth bottom at depths of 40 to 330 m (Vooren 1997). Only large juveniles (mostly with TL from about 70 cm onwards) and adults of both sexes migrate in winter to south Brazil, where at that time the gravid females concentrate during the final phase of gestation and where the non-gravid adult females copulate in a specific area on the upper continental slope (Peres and Vooren 1991, Ferreira and Vooren 1991). Birth does not occur in south Brazil.
In Argentina the commercial fishery operates inshore at depths of 18 to 57 m, from September to December off Buenos Aires Province, then in January and February in northern Patagonia, then in March-April again off Buenos Aires (Chiaramonte 1998, Elías et al. 2004). These periods correspond with the months of departure and arrival of the species in south Brazil. It is inferred that the age groups older than about five years of the population as a whole migrate between Argentina and south Brazil, and that the nursery grounds are situated in Argentine waters and in some cases are where critical habitat is known to have been lost (e.g., Bahía Blanca and El Rincón).
South Africa
Little is known about the movements of the South African population of G. galeus (Freer 1992). Seasonal differences exist in catch composition, females comprise the majority of the catch (~90%) from December to January and males comprise close to 100% of the catch between April and September (Freer 1992, M. Kroese pers. comm. 2003). Catch records from the RV Sardinops and RV Africana indicate that midsummer (December) catches are dominated by pregnant females (Freer 1992). Individuals have been caught up to depths exceeding 400 m, although they are most frequently caught between 55 to 150 m (McCord 2005). It is thought that female G. galeus give birth in lagoons and estuaries along the west coast of South Africa (Compagno et al. 1989), and although no nursery areas have been conclusively identified, Freer (1992) suggests shallow embayments such as Struis, St.Helena, Walker and False Bays, and data from the Gansbaai longline fishery with a high proportion of the catch being immature females may also be a nursery area for this species (M. McCord pers. comm).
Northeast Atlantic
Little is known regarding critical habitats but nursery areas may occur off Portugal and around the Canary Islands (Munoz-Chapuli 1984), and possibly in the Bristol Channel, UK (see Walker 1999 for further details).
Eastern North Pacific
In the eastern North Pacific, young and immature sharks are caught off Ventura Flats, San Francisco Bay, Monterey and Tomales Bay. Southern California below Point Conception (especially Ventura Flats, east of Santa Barbara) is an important G. galeus nursery ground, with considerable numbers of adult females and newborns being found there in the spring. They are known to segregate by sex and size. South of Point Conception, adult males tend to be found further offshore in deeper water (>20 m), while females are in usually found in shallower water (<15 m). The proportion of large mature males is highest in northern California, while mature females are most abundant in southern California. North of Point Conception there is a greater proportion of smaller immature females, but in central California the sex ratio is about even (Ripley 1946, Ebert 2001, 2003). They are highly migratory, moving north during the summer and south during the winter or into deeper waters. They are swift moving and can travel up to 34 miles per day and have been reported to travel at a sustained rate of 10 miles per day for up to 100 days. One shark tagged off Ventura in southern California was captured 26 months later off Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Another shark was tagged in San Francisco Bay and recaptured 12 months later in the same location.
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|Most abundant in cold to warm temperate continental seas, from the surfline and very shallow water to well offshore (Compagno in prep b). In Australasia G. galeus occurs over the continental shelf from shallow, inshore bays (mainly juveniles) to about 800 m depth on the continental slope. At least in some areas (Northeast Atlantic, Tasman Sea) they also extend offshore up to 1,610 km from the coast (Fitzmaurice 1979, Brown et al. 2000). The species is primarily found near the bottom but ranges through the water column even into the pelagic zone. Similar to the Australian and South American populations, the South African population inhabits cool waters from the coastal surfline to the continental shelf (>400 m).
The life history parameters of G. galeus varies between regions. For a review of life history from different regions see Walker (1999) which draws on a number of sources including: Ripley (1946), Olsen (1954, 1959, 1984), Freer (1992), Capape and Mellinger (1988) and Peres and Vooren 1991). For a summary of life history characteristics by regional population see the tables at the end of this assessment (these will be specifically drawn upon for regional reports).
The maximum size varies considerably: the maximum size recorded is ~200 cm total length (female) in the Mediterranean (Capape and Mellinger 1998), but is somewhat smaller in the Southwest Atlantic with a maximum size of 155 cm (female); 148 cm (male) (Peres and Vooren 1991). Differences are also apparent in the size at maturity in different regions. The smallest sizes at sexual maturity are in the Southwest Atlantic where males attain sexual maturity at 107-117 cm and females at 118 to 128 cm (Peres and Vooren 1991), elsewhere the range is generally between 120 and 135 cm for males and 134 to 140 cm for females (Olsen 1954, Capape and Mellinger 1988, Peres and Vooren 1991, Freer 1992), although Ripley (1946) noted 150 cm for females and McCord (2005) reports 101 cm for males.
Reproduction is aplacental viviparity with average litters of 20 to 35 pups, with as few as six and as many as 52 observed with an average of 35 in the Eastern North Pacific (Ripley 1946, Ebert 2003)) produced in spring or early summer after a gestation period of ~12 months; the young vary in length at birth between 26 and 40 cm, depending on the region. The litter size increases in larger females. Males appear to breed every year but individual females have been reported to breed every year in the Mediterranean, every second year in Australia, and every third year in Brazil (Capape and Mellinger 1988, Peres and Vooren 1991, Olsen 1954). These may reflect real differences or may be due to the difficulties of sampling a species, which shows marked temporal and spatial sexual and size segregation, and which makes extensive movements.
These animals are very long-lived and are estimated to live for up to 60 years, although estimates vary (from around 22 years to around 40 years to up to 60 years) with region and ageing methods used. In Australia, tags have been returned from animals at liberty for more than 40 years. Age at maturity is 8 to 10 for males and 10 to 15 for females (Olsen 1954, Peres and Vooren 1991, Freer 1992, Walker 1999, Ebert 2003). The annual rate of population increase has been estimated by Cortes (2002) at 1.077 ( 95% C.I. 1.037 to 1.128) and the natural mortality by Smith et al. (1998) at 0.113.
The species feeds mainly on teleost fish, most often on bottom-associated species although pelagic fish are also taken (Walker 1999). Cephalopods, mostly squid and octopus, are also important in their diet. Small juveniles include a high proportion of crustaceans and other prey such as annelids and gastropods in their diet (Olsen 1954, Stevens and West 1997, Walker and Punt 1998). Predators (especially of juveniles) include the great white shark Carcharadon carcharias, sevengill shark Notorynchus cepedianus, and possibly marine mammals (Ripley 1946; Ebert 2001, 2003).
|Major Threat(s):
G. galeus has a long history of exploitation in target fisheries in most parts of its range where the species has been in demand for liver-oil, meat and fins. The main threat to the various populations of G. galeus is from targeting widely with gillnets and longlines. Minor threats include fishing with trawls and other methods. There is accidental capture of pups on nursery grounds in gillnets of small mesh-size and recreational fishers operating in inshore shallow-water areas. Habitat degradation in potential nursery areas due to development and siltation may also negatively affect recruitment to populations of this species. Other threats are habitat degradation by the effects of trawling through disturbance of substrates (Walker 1998) and installation of high voltage direct current sub-sea cables with induced magnetic and electric fields across their migration lanes (Walker 2001).
In south-eastern Australia, the harvest of G. galeus began in the mid-1920s, but increased markedly during the war years with the market for shark liver oil. Catches levelled off at about 2,000 t live weight during 1949 to 1957 with the decline of the liver market and as the fishery spread from inshore to offshore waters (Olsen 1959). Establishment of the shark meat market and the introduction of gillnets in 1964, production rose rapidly to peak during 1969 at 3,158 t. Following a ban on the sale of large school sharks in 1972 because of high mercury levels, catches declined for about 10 years. With relaxation of the mercury laws catches again increased, reaching 3,060 t during 1986. Since 1986, the total annual catch from the Southern Shark Fishery had declined to 172 t by 2001 (Walker 1999, Walker et al. 2002). The mature biomass has been estimated from age-based model outputs to be below 20% of the level before commercial target fishing began (Punt et al. 2000).
In New Zealand, G. galeus have been exploited since the mid-1940s. With the demise of the liver oil fishery in the 1950s, a market for the meat developed (some is exported to Australia) and catches peaked at 5,000 t live weight in 1984 (Francis 1998, Paul and Sanders 2001). Catch levels have been ~3,000 t for the past decade, but it is not known if this, or the current commercial TACs (3,107 t), are sustainable, or if they are at levels that will allow the stocks to move towards a size that will support the maximum sustainable yield.
Southwest Atlantic
In this region mean annual individual fecundity is only seven pups, age at first breeding is about 13 years in both sexes, and natural mortality rate is low as evidenced from the longevity of 40 years (Peres and Vooren 1991, Ferreira and Vooren 1991). These parameter values characterize the species as susceptible to recuitment overfishing. In Uruguay the species was fished intensively in the 1940s for liver oil. The southwestern Atlantic population of the species has been subject to intensive fishing in its entire area of distribution since about 1985. Statistics of the fishery CPUE in south Brazil and Uruguay are evidence that as a result of intensive fishing from 1985 the abundance of the species had decreased by 85% in 1997, and the fishery in this region continues without restraint (Miranda and Vooren 2003). Since 1995 the species has disappeared in the coastal fishery off Uruguay (A. Domingo unpublished data). The species migrates seasonally between wintering grounds in south Brazil and Uruguay and summer grounds off Argentina where the pupping and nursery areas are situated, where intense and directed fishery of gravid females occurs and where critical habitat is known to have been lost (e.g., Bahía Blanca and El Rincón). Yields in Argentina dropped sharply after intensive fishing and high landings in the years 1988 to 1992 (Chiaramonte 1998). Since then declines have continued. The declared landings for "sharks+cazón" in the SAGyP statistics (the national authority for fisheries in Argentina), and in which G. galeus comprises most of these landings, show overall declines of over 80% between 1992 (4,012 t) and 2004 (757 t), with landings around 1,000t or less since 2000, yet in the mid-1980s the landings were >5,000 t. These declines are attributed to recruitment overfishing and if the fishery continues, the population will very likely be extirpated. Despite this, in the late 1990s new access to the fishery was granted to a large number of artisanal fishermen (at present around 700 are registered in Buenos Aires province), and no management is in place.
South Africa
In South Africa Galeorhinus galeus is targeted (mainly when catches from other non-elasmobranch fisheries are low) in longline and handline fisheries and taken incidentally in artisanal and recreational fisheries. In 2003, 23 permits were issued to shark fishermen, however no seasonal/temporal restrictions have been placed on the fishery nor on number or size of G. galeus landed. Kroese and Sauer (1998) determined that the landed catch of soupfin shark between 1992 and 1994 reached a peak of 48 t (1994, dressed carcass weight) and a minimum of 5.2 t in 1993. Anecdotal evidence suggests that CPUE of soupfin sharks has declined in the last 15 years (G. Kingma, soupfin shark longline fishermen, Hout Bay, Western Province, pers. comm. February, 2003) and data from the South African Shark Management Plan (MCM 2002) indicates that the annual commercial linefish catch of soupfin shark has significantly declined, from a peak of 249 t in 1992 to 71 t in 1999. It is unclear whether this is due to a change in target species, change in effort, or change in the population size. According to Freer (1992), 41.6% of total catch by mass in the Gansbaai longline fishery is female, 87.4% of which are immature females. This indicates that a relatively high number of immature females are being extracted from the population, thereby possibly influencing future recruitment (Freer 1992). Similar to other populations of soupfin shark, those in South Africa segregate according to sex and size. This combined with life-history parameters make these sharks vulnerable to over-exploitation. There are indications that the South African population is currently being fully exploited and any increase in fishing pressure may result in a decline of biomass to below 40% of the pre-exploitation condition (McCord 2005).
Northeast Atlantic
Tope is of limited commercial importance in commercial fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic where it is typically a bycatch of mixed demersal and pelagic fisheries, especially French vessels fishing in the English Channel, Western Approaches and northern Bay of Biscay. Data is apparently limited, as landings data are often included as "dogfishes and hounds". Nevertheless, England and France have species-specific landings data and there are limited data from Denmark and Ireland in recent years (ICES 2004). France appears to target tope, and reported landings of approximately 350 to 500 t/year during the 1990s (landings were higher in 1987 at 600 t, some 6% of the total shark catches, with tope ranking third behind spurdog and lesser spotted dogfish). Tope also feature in catch statistics for Portugal Mainland and in the Azores. In the Azores this species is a bycatch of the demersal longline fishery. Biological data for Northeast Atlantic stocks are limited (SGRST 2002).
Tope is important in recreational fisheries with some anglers specializing in tope catching. Recently, a newspaper article (Fishing News, June 17th 2005) urged English North Sea fishermen to target tope for meat and for the fin trade out of Lowestoft, East Anglia. This has raised cause for concern, including among the recreational fishers (see www.sharktrust.org for further details). The value of this species for recreational angling on the south coast of England (and presumably elsewhere off the UK) is high.
Although no direct fisheries for G. galeus exist in the Mediterranean, it was traditionally caught as bycatch in gillnets and trammel nets in the Northern Adriatic Sea, also as bycatch of semi-industrial (Adriatic Sea and Sicily) and artisanal fisheries in pelagic and demersal nets, deep longlines, drift lines and troll lines (Fisher et al. 1987). A small directed gillnet fishery targeting Mustelus spp. and Squalus spp. operated off the Balearic Islands in the past which reported catches of G. galeus. In recent times, only bottom trawl and longline fisheries have reported continuous bycatch of G. galeus, and such reports are very rare nowadays. The development of the bottom trawl fisheries in the Mediterranean over the first half of the 20th century in the northern range, and during the latter half in the southern range, is considered as one of the principal factors responsible of the decline of many demersal elasmobranch species. In this sense, both overfishing and habitat degradation must be considered as factors potentially responsible for declines. The analysis of the Medits trawl survey data from 1994-1999 shows a very low frequency of occurrence for G. galeus in the Mediterranean (only five positive hauls or 0.05 %), although it should be noted that trawling is a minor threat to this species and numbers in trawl surveys would not be expected to be high. Its overall biomass was estimated to be 0.2 kg/km² for the Mediterranean. The standing stock biomass was estimated at 126 t (0.23%) (Baino et al. 2001). Off Italy, Relini et al. (2000) reported the capture of G. galeus in only one of the 11 zones studied as part of the Italian national project (9,281 hauls in total, around the Italian coast, from 1985-1998), although data on biomass for this species were not provided. Tuna trap data from the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea from 1898 to 1992 shows a dramatic decrease in the abundance of G. galeus catches (80 individuals between 1898 and 1905; only eight for the 1906 to 1913 period and 0 from 1914 to 1922) (Vacchi et al. 2002). Thus, these data can perhaps be interpreted as an indication of early depletion of the population at least in shallow waters in this area, which could also have occurred in other Mediterranean areas where similar practices historically operated. Data from the Medits survey for the Adriatic Sea were compared with those from the survey Hvar, carried out in 1948 (Jukic-Peladic 2001). Although no data on individual species captured biomass are reported, G. galeus appeared in the 1948 survey, but not in the Medits survey. Data on elasmobranch landings from the long-line fleet at the Palma de Mallorca (Balearic Islands) central fish auction wharf reported only one specimen in 1996 (B. Reviriego pers.comm.), six in 1999 (G. Morey pers.comm.) and recent regular visits have reported no further specimens. In addition, G. galeus was not specifically reported in the official landing statistics, since it did not appear in the 1999 to 2001 period, thus furthering the difficulties in monitoring of the population. For the Spanish long-line fleet off the Levantine coast, operating mainly in the Alboran Sea and around the Balearic Islands, the observed catch rate (as bycatch) of G. galeus is about five specimens per ship and year (D. Macías pers.comm.) In Tunisian waters, where there exists a lower fishing pressure than off the northern Mediterranean coasts, the species is considered to be very rare (Bradai 2000).
Eastern North Pacific
In the Northeast Pacific the shark fishery off California rapidly expanded during the 1930s due to the demand for liver-oil. Catches increased, peaking at 4,185 t in 1939 with around 75 to 80% of the catch being G. galeus and prices for the liver-oil rose from some US$50/t in 1937 to US$2,000/t in 1941 (Ripley 1946). While the fishery was intensive and expanded rapidly it only lasted eight years, during which CPUE was reported to decline dramatically. Although the fishery collapsed in the 1940s (due primarily to the synthetic production of Vitamin A) it seems unlikely that the stock itself collapsed. Only the large animals were being targeted, with 10-inch mesh size, fishermen were not interested in catching the young animals, which had lower grade Vitamin A in the liver oil. Therefore while it appeared that the adult stock might have collapsed there would have been large stocks of juveniles to allow for a population recovery. Since the 1940s given the low price for soupfin shark and low interest in the meat there has been no economic incentive to target it, and it is now caught at low levels as bycatch with bottom and pelagic gillnets, bottom and pelagic longlines, bottom and pelagic trawls, and with hook-and-line. (Ripley 1946, Ebert 2003, Compagno in prep b). Thus although there has been no stock assessment for over 50 years, the fishing mortality can be expected to be low. Cailliet et al. (1992) reported the fishery over the past several decades had remained fairly steady, even declining due to increasing fishing restrictions.
|Conservation Actions:
Outside Australia and New Zealand there are no, or few, regulations established for populations of G.galeus, see Walker (1999) for a fairly recent review. However, there is increasing international recognition of the threats facing this species. At the CITES Conference of the Parties (CoP) 13 held in 2004, the CITES Animals Committee had a specific recommendation regarding G. galeus. The following text is taken from CoP13 Doc. 35, Annex 2 (CITES): G. galeus are valued for their meat and fins and are (or have been) important in target and multispecies fisheries in temperate waters world-wide. Most stocks are shared between several range States, and in most regions are seriously depleted. Only a small number of States have achieved successful management of this biologically-vulnerable species. The Animals Committee recommends that range States request FAO's assistance with developing a capacity building workshop for this species in order to train managers from developing States and other States where coastal shark fisheries are not being managed. This would also serve as a case study for the management of other coastal shark fisheries.
In addition, CITES CoP13, Decision 13.42 directed to Parties states that Parties "should take note of the species-specific recommendations in document CoP13 Doc. 35 Annex 2 with a view to ensuring that international trade is not detrimental to the status of these species." This includes G. galeus.
See Walker (1999) for a fairly recent and thorough review of relevant management measures, some updates are provided below:
Management measures in the fishery of southern Australia where the stock is most depleted include limited entry for the use of gillnets and longlines (since 1984) and, for all fishing sectors, TAC (since 2000). Input controls include limits on length of net (since 1988), various 4 to 6 week closed seasons to protect pregnant animals of G. galeus during October to December (1953 to 1967 and 1993 to 1994), and a legal minimum mesh-size of six inches for gillnets (since 1975) for most of the fished area. Closed areas to commercial gillnetting in inshore waters of Tasmania have been variously implemented since 1954 to protect newborn, juvenile and pregnant G. galeus on nursery areas. A more extensive closed area was adopted during 1988 when all Victoria proclaimed waters (inside three-mile limit) were closed to the use of shark gillnets and longlines. Legal minimum lengths were phased in by the States and Commonwealth during 1949 and the early 1950s and remain current. During 2002, the TAC for G. galeus was 269 t for the Southern Shark Fishery, 33 t for the South East Trawl Fishery, and 2 t for the Great Australia Bight Trawl Fishery.
In New Zealand, minimum mesh-sizes of 125 mm and 150 mm apply for G. galeus in northern New Zealand and southern New Zealand, respectively. Numerous general restrictions apply to the use of commercial and recreational gillnets and longlines, including limits on the length of gillnets, number of hooks per longline, number of longlines, soak time, the amount of an estuary or bay that can be blocked by a gillnet, and areas that can be fished. The restrictions vary regionally and are designed to reduce the number of nets lost and the amount of fish wasted to sea lice and decay because of excessively long sets, and to minimise conflict with other users of inshore waters. Also, G. galeus is covered by the mixed species daily bag limits for recreational fishers of 20 and 30 fish for the northern and central regions and southern region of New Zealand, respectively. In October 1986, the commercial TAC was set at 2,590 t, but this had increased to 3,107 t by 1995 to 1996 (as a consequence of quota appeals, not stock assessment) and was current in 2003. The commercial TAC was exceeded by up to 10% in the late 1990s.
Southwest Atlantic
In the El Rincon area of Argentina where gravid females occur, a restriction has been established for the fishing fleet during the months in which these sharks approach the shore (A. Massa pers. comm). No other conservation or management measures are in place for this species. A ban on fishing G. galeus is recommended at the regional level involving Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.
South Africa
There are no conservation measures in place at present. Proposed policy for 2005 indicates that long-term rights for the elasmobranch fishery will be allocated and multi-species permits will be revoked and replaced with single-species permits. It is envisaged that only six demersal longline permits will be issued to target soupfin sharks. The number of traditional handline vessels permitted to catch traditional linefish (including sharks) will also be restricted in terms of numbers. This will alter the characteristics of the fishery and it is highly recommended that another stock assessment be completed within 3-5 years to evaluate the effect of the aforementioned changes on the population. McCord (2005) made several management recommendations for the period 2005-2010 including restrictive licensing, size restrictions and seasonal/area closures.
Eastern North Pacific
There are no conservation measures in place currently other than in California, gillnets are prohibited in State waters, although gear regulations do not apply specifically to G.galeus here or in other areas of its Eastern North Pacific range. The status of the population is unknown, and this species hasn't been intensively studied for over 50 years. The situation needs to be studied in detail in terms of stock assessment and biological parameters (e.g., age and growth has never been studied for the species in this region), and this assessment revisited when more information is available.
|Walker, T.I., Cavanagh, R.D., Stevens, J.D., Carlisle, A.B., Chiaramonte, G.E., Domingo, A., Ebert, D.A., Mancusi, C.M., Massa, A., McCord, M., Morey, G., Paul, L.J., Serena, F. & Vooren, C.M. 2006. Galeorhinus galeus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2006: e.T39352A10212764. . Downloaded on 21 September 2018.
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- $19.99
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- Publisher: Scribner Book Company
- Publish Date: August 2001
- Page Count: 320
- Dimensions: 8.4 x 5.5 x 0.8 inches
- Shipping Weight: 0.85 pounds
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Best bets for book clubs
The month of August offers several great choices for reading groups. BookPage's selections, all newly published in paperback, are listed below. We hope these titles will inspire lively discussion in your book club.
The Tale of Murasaki
By Liza Dalby
Using the writings of 11th century authoress Murasaki Shikibu, who penned The Tale of Genji, the world's first novel, Dalby has composed an ingenious historical narrative that delivers in rich detail the life and times of a literary legend. To entertain her friends, the well-educated Murasaki writes stories about the bold Prince Genji and his romantic escapades. When her husband, a nobleman named Nobutaka, spreads the tales around the imperial court, they earn her attention from the emperor and empress. After tragedy befalls Murasaki's family, she is summoned to court to entertain the royal couple, and what she finds there - political plotting, sexual scheming, a complex code of customs and manners - snakes its way into her stories. Her masterpiece of a novel results, but there is no denying the disillusionment Murasaki experiences during her time at court. Meticulously crafted, Dalby's novel is a letter-perfect rendering of life in 11th century Japan. A reading group guide is available online at www.anchorbooks.com. For a printed version, ask your local bookseller.
Iron Shoes
By Molly Giles
In her first novel, Pulitzer Prize-nominee Giles tells the story of Kay Sorenson, a 40-year-old divorce who hasn't outgrown the need to please her fickle parents. Kay, a mother and librarian, gave up a promising career in music to marry her high school sweetheart, then moved back in with her parents when the relationship failed. The living arrangement proves too close for comfort: Kay's parents criticize every aspect of her life, from her taste in clothes to her taste in men. But the friction between Kay and her mother Ida is the most damaging of all. Ida, who lost both legs to diabetes, is the quintessential family matriarch: self-centered, willful, capable of wounding with a word. As Ida faces death, Kay is forced to contemplate life without her - a loss that will bring both pain and a new independence. Giles writes with wit and insight about a family forced to evaluate the ties that bind even as they come undone. A reading group guide is included in the book.
Ben in the World
By Doris Lessing
Lessing, who has written more than 40 books, continues the story she began with The Fifth Child (1988), which introduced Harriet and David Lovatt, the perfect parents of four perfect kids. Their decision to have one last child brings them Ben, a violent, troubled and unattractive boy who physically threatens his siblings and ends up in an institution. In Lessing's sequel, Ben is 18, alienated from his family and at large in an unfriendly London. His hairy, animal-like appearance places him firmly on the margins of society, where he is taken advantage of by a series of seedy characters. Ben does enjoy the company of women, who pity him, and he eventually becomes involved with a prostitute named Rita. But the relationship brings trouble from Rita's pimp boyfriend, who involves the hapless Ben in a drug deal. By setting her protagonist free in a merciless universe, Lessing has created a brutal, unflinching narrative about the ways in which those who are misunderstood so often become the world's victims. Ask your local bookseller for a reading group guide.
Change Me into Zeus's Daughter
By Barbara Robinette Moss
Moss' best-selling, critically acclaimed memoir is a brave, no-holds-barred account of her hardscrabble Southern childhood. Raised poor and proud in the hills of rural Alabama, Moss is one of eight children who suffers at the hands of an unpredictable, hard-drinking father. His abuses are balanced by the efforts of Moss' gentle mother, who instills in her children a love of art that later serves as the author's redemption. Suffering from malnutrition - a condition that leaves her features disfigured - Moss fantasizes as a young girl about a transformation that will give her the face of a goddess. Escaping from her impoverished life, she puts herself through school and braves a series of corrective surgeries that heals her ruined features. Against odds that seem unbeatable, she transcends - both physically and spiritually - her tragic past. This darkly haunting memoir has earned Moss comparisons to everyone from Frank McCourt to Rick Bragg. A reading group guide is included in the book.

subset: commoncrawl


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Founded in 1983, The Hudson Reporter publishes eight weekly newspapers, capturing the highest home-delivered circulation of any newspaper in Hudson County. Our award-winning periodicals also include specialty publications and three glossy magazines: Jersey City Magazine, Hoboken 07030 and Bayonne Life on the Peninsula.
The past few years have brought tremendous change to the western banks of the Hudson River.
As newcomers flock to the area and explore their surroundings, long-time residents are meeting their neighbors - and discovering new opportunities - at every turn.
Luxury developments line the riverbanks, and boutiques, restaurants and art galleries are opening every week. Young families fill the streets with baby carriages. Empty nesters and young artists wait together for trains running along the expanding light rail system.
But change can be hard. Transformation does not come easily.
How does one gain a sense of community in a new and evolving place? Where can you turn for resources, entertainment and a bird's-eye view of our home along the Hudson?
We created hudsonreporter.com to answer some of those questions, yet we hope it will do more. We'd like our site to be a sort of meeting place a town square, if you will, where you can read about the people, politics and places that make living here so exciting.


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TV Daily Schedule: KQED Plus
Another way to search for programs is from the TV Programs A-Z Directory.
KQED Plus: Tuesday, November 27, 2012
Channels 9.2 • 54.1, 25.2 | XFINITY 10 and HD 710
Schedule is subject to change. Please visit kqed.org/tv/schedules/daily for the most up-to-date info.
12:00 amPBS NewsHour [#10506H] The Fiscal Cliff * Egyptian Politics * Kurds in Syria * Workplace Discrimination * Youth Vote duration 56:46 STEREO TVRE
1:00 amHeart of Perfect Health with Brenda Watson Internationally renowned digestive care expert Brenda Watson shares compelling evidence of the connection between digestive health and heart health, and includes easy, simple ways to protect and strengthen the heart by balancing the gut and achieving healthy digestion. Throughout her career in health care, Brenda has been a passionate advocate and educator regarding the connection between a healthy digestive system and total body health. Medical research supports her conviction: scientific evidence shows that a balanced gut - one supported by a healthy diet, probiotics, omega oils and other natural means - builds the foundation of total body health, helping to avert health conditions related to the heart.
In this program, Brenda shares the latest information on the impact of inflammation on heart health through an in-depth analysis of 3 common health measures - cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar - and their role as risk factors for heart disease. She then provides ways to help combat abnormalities in these measures through digestive health. duration 1:57:22 STEREO TVG
3:00 amTenors: Lead with Your Heart, The The Tenors, a group formed in Canada, have traveled the world since 2008. From Johannesburg to Shanghai, London to Los Angeles, they have inspired millions of music lovers with their rich harmonies, addictive charm and powerful songs. Now they're back with a dazzling concert which takes place in the breathtaking 2050 seat Reynolds Hall at The Smith Center. They perform all new music from their second album, Lead With Your Heart.
Each act stretches the boundaries of classical crossover by combining classic songs, modern tunes and Spanish and French world music. From cover features of Bob Dylan's "Forever Young" to the inspirational anthem "Amazing Grace", and one of the most recognizable and heroic Tenor arias, "Nessun Dorma," the diverse performance features an eclectic mix of pop favorites and classical staples along with new compositions written and co-written by The Tenors. The foursome also invites some of their friends as special guests to share the stage for this unforgettable performance. duration 1:29:55 SRND51 TVG
4:30 amDrop 7 Foods, Feel Better Fast! with JJ Virgin In this program JJ Virgin, one of the nation's foremost fitness and nutrition experts, describes how food intolerance can be the root cause of inability to lose weight and the direct cause of a myriad of ailments that plague the average American. Food intolerance isn't a fixed condition, it's more of a dynamic response. By removing the foods that are often the culprits in food intolerance, in just 21 days you will be able to discover a path to better health and be able to lose weight and keep it off. She also offers that weight loss will occur during the very first week!
There are 7 foods most responsible for most of the problem. They are working against you and, in subtle ways, prevent you from sleeping well, losing weight, looking and feeling your best. The more trouble you've had losing weight, the more likely it is that food intolerance is your problem.
JJ discusses how to recognize the effects of the 7 top offenders and how to eliminate their destructive effect on your body's systems. On her revolutionary regimen, dieters won't feel hungry or deprived, they will just feel better. Internationally recognized as an expert in overcoming weight loss resistance, JJ is responsible for turning the most challenging weight loss resistant cases into stunning success stories. duration 1:59:38 STEREO TVG
6:00 amZoboomafoo [#115] Fling Monkey business abounds when a white-fronted capuchin monkey who loves to play catch comes to Animal Junction. Chris, Martin and Zoboo examine the differences between lemurs and monkeys, and touch upon one key similarity -- neither monkeys nor lemurs make good pets. Dubbed "Fling" because of his throwing abilities, the capuchin turns Animal Junction upside down looking for food. Martin and Chris decide to walk Fling home and they see other troops of monkeys along the way. Jackie and her Animal Helper friend have made a cool terrarium home for a frog they found the day before at MudPuppy Pond. But the frog doesn't seem very happy -- he'd be happier living free and in the wild -- so they decide to return him to his natural home. duration 28:46 STEREO TVY (Secondary audio: DVI)
6:30 amRaggs [#151] Taste When Raggs makes the Tasty Tuesday Treat he practices different recipes for the dogs to sample. The dogs help Razzles get her sense of taste back after she burns her tongue drinking hot chocolate. duration 28:46 STEREO TVY (Secondary audio: DVI)
7:00 amSesame Street [#4303H] Hansel & Gretel's Playdate with Big Bird Hansel and Gretel come to Sesame Street for a play date with Big Bird. As they walk to Big Bird's nest, Hansel realizes that he's not sure how to get back to the subway station afterwards. Gretel agrees and thinks they should leave a trail, so they leave a trail of cookie crumbs. When they get to Big Bird's nest, and tell him about what they did, they learn that Cookie Monster ate all the cookie crumbs! Big Bird suggests that they make a new trail and shows them how to get back so they will remember: walk past Oscar's can, past the 123 building, turn at the tree, and past Hooper's store. There will be the subway station. Hansel and Gretel make a new path using paper because Cookie Monster won't eat paper, but the paper blows away in the wind! Next, they make the trail using fish because Cookie Monster doesn't like fish and fish don't blow away. They are finally ready for their play date when the Flying Halibut Fish Jugglers use the fish from the path to juggle! Hansel and Gretel are worried they won't know the way again, but Big Bird reminds them of how to get back. They follow Big Bird's directions and successfully reach the subway station! Hooray! duration 58:46 STEREO TVY (Secondary audio: DVI)
8:00 amWordWorld [#101H] Runaway O/Happy Birthday, Dog! * Runaway O - When Sheep and Bear open Cat's box of Os, one rolls away, sending them on a madcap chase to catch it before Cat wakes up.
* Happy Birthday, Dog! - It's Dog's birthday and all his friends are planning a surprise party. There's just one problem - they need a cake! Frog must get to the party safely without Dog finding out.


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MilfHunter presents Misty Law in video Bed head
Rating: 3.55
Levi was hung over after a wild night out and I showed up so he could clean up the truck after his buddies dirtied it all up. It took him forever to get out there and wash it! While I was waiting and preparing all the materials to clean, I noticed Misty was riding back and forth in front of our lawn. It was obvious she was looking for company but she really did not smile too much until Levi came out and as he put it... put the man out there by taking off his shirt and flexing. He went over to check the mail and struck up a conversation with her. It it did not take long for her to succumb to his masculine charms and she accepted his offer to go in for a drink. From the front yard, to the living room and from the living room to the bedroom. I made up some excuse about how Misty should check out the mess in his room and she jumped at the chance to take the visit into his room and start banging like crazy. All she was really looking for was some attention she was not getting from her loveless marriage and countless hours single-handedly dealing with her kid. Levi was more than willing to give it to her and her nice fit MILF body.
Watch the full Video. Join Now


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Dec 03, 2012
Elizabeth Weisman notched three game-winning goals in 2012 (Gil Talbot).
CAMBRIDGE, Mass.- Rising seniors Elizabeth Weisman and Peyton Johnson have been named co-captains for the Harvard women's soccer team for the 2013 season, head coach Ray Leone announced.
Weisman, a forward, saw action in all 17 contests in 2012, earning All-Ivy league honorable mention. The Atherton, Calif., native led Havard with three game-winning scores this fall, including the golden goal in overtime against Brown on Oct. 24 to help Leone notch his 250th career victory.
Johnson, who hails from Catonsville, Md., also captained the Crimson in 2012 and is the first two-time captain since Gina Wideroff '11 in 2009 and 2010. The midfielder ranked third on the team with nine points and tied for the squad's lead with five assists as a junior in 2012.
Johnson, who was named All-Ivy honorable mention in 2010 and garnered All-Ancient Eight first team honors in 2011, saw action in 14 games this fall, scoring on a penalty kick and assisting on the game-winning goal against New Hampshire Oct. 2. Johnson also earned Academic All-Ivy accolades as a sophomore in 2011.
The Crimson finished the season overall 9-5-3 and 3-3-1 in the Ivy League.


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Epson SX430W Printer Drivers Download – Epson Stylus SX430W All-in-One Printer driver and software for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh.
How to Install Epson SX430W Printer Drivers
How to Install Epson Printer Drivers
Knowing the details of how to install Epson printer drivers can be handy for a problematic condition. You are not only can install the printer at home but also you could do it anywhere – office, business place, etc.
Installing the Printer on Windows OS
Before installing the Epson printer drivers, be sure to turn on the wireless feature. Turn on the Ethernet connection setup. If you want to check the 'Start Here' option, you should do the following ways;
- Go to the main page of Epson support
- Choose the product you have
- Choose Manuals
- Choose Start Here
And what should you do next?
- Download the Connect Printer Utility Setup from Epson
- Install it. You should come to the End User License Agreement. Don't forget to tick the option 'I Accept the Terms'
- Click Next to proceed to the next step
- Choose Install and then click on 'Finish.'
- Choose the product you have and then choose Next
- Choose the Printer Registration and then Next
- Choose Select and then Next
- Go to Agree and Next
- You will see the message 'Register the Printer to Epson Connect.' Go to OK
There are different ways to manage the next step:
- Go with the option 'Create an Account' if you want to create a new account. Go to Finish to complete the process
- If you already have an account and you want to register a new item, go with 'I Have an Account.' You will see a form 'Add a New Printer' and then go with Add.
To complete the whole process, then you should click 'Close.' If you want to activate 'Scan to Cloud', there are other instructions to follow. If you want to activate 'Remote Print' option, you should be able to find the instructions too.
Supported Operating System (OS)
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Mac OS X
Download Epson SX430W Printer Drivers
Download for Windows 32-bit
Download for Windows 64-bit
Download for Mac


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(Reuters) - Dell Inc had considered many strategic options before opting to go private, the company said in a regulatory filing.
The struggling PC maker struck a deal last week with its chief executive officer, Michael Dell, private equity firm Silver Lake and Microsoft Corp to go private in a $24.4 billion deal.
Dell's largest independent shareholder, Southeastern Asset Management Inc, and three other investors have objected to the deal, saying the company is worth a lot more than the agreed upon $13.65 per share offer, Reuters reported on Friday.
The company said on Monday it had retained a management consultant to help assess its "strategic position" and concluded that the proposed all-cash deal was in the best interests of stockholders. (link.reuters.com/buj85t)
Dell said the statement was in response to "certain inquiries" but did not elaborate on the nature of the queries.
(Reporting by Sayantani Ghosh in Bangalore; Editing by Saumyadeb Chakrabarty)


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Thank you in advance for visiting my sister, my mother, and my father-in-law. I am so grateful to everyone that leaves flowers for them.
I was born and raised in Norfolk, VA. I've also lived in FL, NY, CA, MO, WA, and OR. The Navy is the reason for some of the moves.
Question: The old FAG is ending, so, does anyone know what time in the day, the date changes to tomorrows date? (Flowering date)
8:30 pm. CST --- it is tomorrows date! Why ???
I found Find A Grave by accident. It used to be one of my favorite sites to visit before all their changes. And when Ancestry starts charging for FAG, I am done.
This is a poem that I stumbled upon (author unknown):
Always a silent hurt, many a silent tear,
but always a beautiful memory of one we loved so dear.
God gave us strength to bear it, and courage to take the blow,
but what it meant to lose you...no one will ever know.
"For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life." (John 3:16)
"Jesus said unto him, Thomas, because you have seen me, you have believed; blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed." (John 20:29)
"Strangers in the Box" By Pamela A. Harazim
Come, look with me inside this drawer, In this box I've often seen,
At the pictures, black and white, Faces proud, still, serene.
I wish I knew the people, These strangers in the box,
Their names and all their memories Are lost among my socks.
I wonder what their lives were like. How did they spend their days? What about their special times? I'll never know their ways.
If only someone had taken time To tell who, what, where, when,
These faces of my heritage, Would come to life again.
Could this become the fate Of the pictures we take today?
The faces and the memories Someday to be tossed away?
Make time to save your pictures, Seize the opportunity when it knocks, Or someday you and yours could be The strangers in the box.
If you could see your ancestors
All standing in a row,
There might be some of them, perhaps,
You wouldn't want to know.
But, here's another question, which
Requires another view,
If you could meet your ancestors,
Would they be proud of you?
---Arkansas Parent-Teacher
- 6,753 Memorials Added
- 6,722 Memorials Managed
- 10 Memorials per Week
- 5,557Photos Added
- 64Photo Requests
- 388Volunteer Photos Taken
- 259,636 Flowers Added
- 55Virtual Cemeteries
- 402 Fame Ratings
- 11 Sponsorships
- 617 Followers
Virtual Cemeteries · 55
17 Memorials
56 Memorials
3 Memorials


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STOCKTON - Mourners withstood wind and rain Friday to place candles, flowers, photographs and heart-shaped balloons near the site of a deadly crash that occurred Thursday night after two armed-robbers fled the scene of a purse snatching, authorities said.
STOCKTON - Mourners withstood wind and rain Friday to place candles, flowers, photographs and heart-shaped balloons near the site of a deadly crash that occurred Thursday night after two armed-robbers fled the scene of a purse snatching, authorities said.
Two young lives were lost in a four-car collision about 7:45 p.m. Thursday on West Lane near West Lane Frontage Road, about a half-mile north of West Hammer Lane, police said. The San Joaquin County Coroner's Office on Friday identified the victims as Ritchie Rasmee, 20, and Sokhunthear Hin, 18, both of Stockton.
Friends and relatives of the victims visited the crash site Friday, leaving behind tears and mementos at a roadside memorial. One described them as boyfriend and girlfriend. Another said they were a "happy" couple.
"They died together," said Christina Soulignan, who identified herself as Rasmee's cousin. "They seemed happy. ... If you love something, you'll someday see the light with that person, and I'm guessing it was their light."
The robbery suspects fled the scene on foot, but by sunrise police had arrested Brittney Tamayo, 23, on suspicion of robbery, manslaughter, hit-and-run resulting in death and murder, said Officer Joe Silva, a spokesman for the Police Department.
Tamayo returned to the scene in the overnight hours and was placed under arrest, but a second suspect is still on the loose, Silva said. Tamayo is being held without bail at the San Joaquin County Jail. She is scheduled to be arraigned Tuesday, according to jail records.
"We just want justice and for the person who caused this to be charged with what they deserve," Soulignan said. "The (district attorney) must prosecute them for the lives they take and the laws they break."
According to police, Tamayo and an unidentified man committed an armed robbery moments before the collision, stealing a woman's purse in the parking lot of the Normandy Village shopping center at West and East Hammer lanes. As they fled, they raced north on West Lane in a white Honda Passport, authorities said.
Witnesses said the Passport was going 70 to 80 mph when the driver ran a red light as vehicles were entering the intersection from West Lane Frontage Road. Police identified Tamayo as the driver.
The Passport broadsided a gray Acura Integra with Rasmee and Hin inside, causing major intrusion to the driver's side door. Both were pronounced dead at the scene.
"It's very unfortunate that the actions of two criminals affected not only the victims' families and friends, but the entire community as this hit close to home," Silva said. "Prior to the fatal traffic collision, the suspects drove around a shopping center, preyed upon a woman and robbed her of her purse. The horrific events that transpired next represented a total disregard for human safety."
The Hin family has set up a funeral fund to raise money for burial costs, asking people to: "Please help us bury our angels."
Those who wish to contribute can visit fundly.com/thea-richie-funeral-fund.
Contact reporter Jason Anderson at (209) 546-8279 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow him at recordnet.com/crimeblog and on Twitter @Stockton911.


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- This item is available by special order.
- All pieces in this collection were professionally photographed, none of the accessories or decorations are included in the price of a particular piece. Additional pieces pictured and for sale are linked in the 'We also Suggest' category below for your convenience.
Summit Peak Bunk Bed
This wonderful Silver Creek Bunk Bed will adorn any children's bedroom with rustic functionality for years to come. Its simple yet charming Aspen glow subtly blends with any decor. Includes a built-in log ladder for easy top access. The Silver Creek Bunk Bed is available in all sizes ranging from Twin/Twin to Full/Queen. To complete a bedroom set please see the 'We Also Suggest' category below.
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The Aspen Log Collection is constructed from standing dead timber in American forests. A sustainable practice, the harvesting of standing deadwood thins the forest thereby reducing the accumulation of forest fire fuel and promoting new growth.
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Ferrari F12 Berlinetta: First Videos
What's better than full photos and details of the brand new Ferrari F12 Berlinetta? Why, video of the fastest Ferrari ever built, of course. Watch Ferrari F1 drivers Fernando Alonso and Felipe Massa react to the car at Fiorano and then watch a CGI-y look from every angle.


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LaVerne Peterson, 93 - December 28, 2011
LaVerne Eric Peterson, 93, of Gothenburg, formerly of Brady, died Dec. 28, 2011, at the Golden Living Center in Cozad.
Visitation will be held from 1 to 8 p.m. Monday, Jan. 2, at Blase-Strauser Memorial Chapel in Gothenburg.
Services will be held at Brady United Methodist Church, at 11 a.m. Tuesday, Jan. 3, with Rev. Janie Freeman officiating.
Interment will follow in the Gaslin Cemetery, Brady.
Peterson was born April 3, 1918 north of Brady, the son of Clarence G Peterson and Anna Theresa (Kratzenstein) Peterson.
He lived with his family north of Brady until his dad passed away in 1927, when he and his mother moved into Brady. He graduated from Brady High School in 1936.
He married Virginia Camblin on March 10, 1940, at Oberlin, KS. To this union two children were born: Ronald and Carole.
Peterson worked as mail carrier on the Star Route for about 20 years. He farmed and ranched in the Brady area and also worked at the hay mill. He was in partnership with HA Nelson Hardware store in Brady.
He served on the Brady School Board and town board, and was active in the volunteer fire department, the Lions Club, the Lodge, and Eagles. He enjoyed Nebraska football, cattle, hunting and fishing. He loved his family, especially his grandson Chris.
He semi-retired around 1983, but always told everyone that he really didn't retire because he still had one cow that Jim Lydic would take care of.
He was preceded in death by wife Virginia Peterson, son Ronald Peterson, parents, brother Ernest Peterson, sister Edith Peckham, sister Mae Nelson.
Survivors include: daughter, Carole and her husband Delmer Brass of Gothenburg; grandson, Christopher Brass of Lincoln; very special friend Lillian Johnson; along with several nieces, nephews and extended family and friends.
Memorials may be given to the Brady United Methodist Church, P.O. Box 96, Brady, NE 69123; AseraCare Home Health & Hospice, 4111 4th Ave, Suite 50, Kearney, NE 68845; or Brady Fire & Rescue, 207 East Commercial Brady, NE 69123.
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This post is part of a series looking back at the top 10 games of the Bruins' 2010-11 regular season.
The Bruins seemed destined to see their losing streak run to three straight games as they headed to the third period down 4-2 Nov. 10 in Pittsburgh.
The powerful Pens had grabbed the lead with two goals in the second period and had outshot the Bruins, 34-20, through 40 minutes.
What unfolded over those final 20 minutes, however, was a magical comeback that served as an early preview of what the 2010-11 Bruins were made of. And it provided an exciting enough finish to earn the No. 6 spot on the list of top 10 Bruins games as picked by TheBruinsBlog.net.
Three fights — one apiece by Shawn Thornton, Gregory Campbell and Adam McQuaid — failed to prevent the Penguins from jumping out to their two-goal lead on the strength of one goal and two assists by superstar Sidney Crosby. But just 3:49 into the third period, Nathan Horton got the fireworks going with his seventh goal of the season.
Fifteen seconds later, Zdeno Chara cashed in on a one-timer on a 3-0n-2 feed by Jordan Caron to knot the game. What Thornton wasn't able to with his fists, he then did with his stick. He scored the go-ahead goal with 7:20 left in regulation after keeping the puck on a 2-on-1 with Brad Marchand.
Blake Wheeler added an insurance goal and Milan Lucic buried the empty-netter. Mark Recchi finished with one goal and two assists, including the breakout pass that started the game-winning 3-on-2.
In a sign of things to come, Tim Thomas finished with 42 saves, highlighted by 12 on 12 shots in the third stanza.
If the Penguins were the team to beat in the Eastern Conference entering the season, the Bruins sent them an early-season message that they were going to be challenged regardless of how commanding a lead they held in a game, the standings or any time.


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Assembly proposes stripping Secretary of State of bill publication duties
The state Assembly has passed a proposal that would strip the secretary of state of his duty to publish bills and transfer the task to the nonpartisan Legislative Reference Bureau.
The Republican-controlled chamber approved the bill 59-37 Wednesday. The state Senate passed the measure last month. It goes next to Republican Gov. Scott Walker, who can sign into law or veto it. It's unclear whether Walker supports it; asked about Walker's plans for the bill, his spokesman replied only that the governor is focused on creating jobs.
The bill comes after Democratic Secretary of State Doug LaFollette delayed publishing Walker's contentious law that effectively ended collective bargaining for public employees in 2011.
Republicans say they're not after political payback. Minority Democrats say the legislation is vindictive.


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Product Description:
The Roam boot is a lightweight, low profile top boot. Whether airing a method grab off the kicker or nose pressing a rail, riders have more mobility. Featuring a free willed, super soft EVA exterior combined with a lower cut, the Roam has all of this without compromising the support of the double-ups.
Product Features:


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2000-05 Buick LeSabre Headlight Driver Side - 1ALHL001141ALHL00114
Part Details
- Side Location: Driver Side
- LH (Driver Side)
- Replaces dealer part number: 25713547, 19245373
- Includes integrated parking marker lamp
- Smooth High Beam Lens
- Includes lens, housing, and mounting panel
- Bulbs not included
- Correct for Custom models that do not have a lined or fluted hi-beam lens
- Not correct for Limited models
Fit guaranteed
- This headlamp will install just as your original does. You can use your existing hardware and wiring harnesses.
- Save time and money with a direct fit. No trips to the hardware store or extra time trying to get the wiring to hookup.
- 1A Auto has the most comprehensive warranty.
- If this headlight should fail to provide satisfactory performance you may exchange it.
- 1A Auto Headlights are guaranteed to pass inspections in all 50 states. DOT (U.S. Dept. of Transportation) and SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) approved.
- Replacing a discolored, scratched, dull or damaged headlight with a headlight from 1A Auto can increase your resale value by up to 10%.
- A new headlight can provide you with up to 50% more illumination than a dull, yellowed, sandblasted, broken or scratched headlight.
- 1A Auto headlights can help you see farther at night and in poor driving conditions.
- A new headlight from 1A Auto can make you more visible to other traffic during heavy rain or wintry weather..
Direct fit replacement for OEM assemblyTrouble-free Installation
Uses same wiring as original assembly. No cutting or splicing required.DOT and SAE Compliant
Meets federal regulations for on-road use
Item Condition:
Lifetime Warranty
This item is backed by a Limited Lifetime Warranty. In the event this item should fail due to manufacturing defects during intended use, we will exchange the part free of charge (excludes shipping charges) for the original purchaser.
Bulb Note:
Unless otherwise noted, our lights do not include bulbs, though occasionally lighting manufacturers do include bulbs in the lights. If you happen to receive a lighting product (Headlight, Tail light, parking light, fog light etc.) that comes with the bulbs, the bulbs are not covered under our warranty. Our warranty applies only to the light assembly..
step : Changing the High Beam bulb (0:49)
- Pull counterclockwise on the socket.
- Pull back on the tabs and pull the bulb free,
- Replace and twist the socket back in.
step : Removing the Headlight Assembly (1:21)
- Remove the 10mm bolts at the top back of the headlight.
- Remove the blue safety clip. Disconnect the lights.
step : Changing the Headlight Bulbs (2:17)
- Twist the headlight counterclockwise and can be changed.
- The cornering lights just push the tabs and turn counterclockwise.
- The side marker light just turns counterclockwise.
step : Replacing the Headlight Assembly (2:48)
- Twist the signal and side marker light free from the old headlight assembly.
- Remove the harness on the back of the headlight assembly by removing the three pins that secure it.
- Put the harness on to the new headlight assembly and replace the three pins.
- Twist the sockets into place and reconnect the headlights.
- Push the blue safety tab back into place.
- Line the headlight assembly up on the car and push it into place.
- Replace the two 10mm bolts at the top of the headlight.
step : N/A (0:01)
Tools needed for replacement:
- Needle nose pliers
- Socket Extensions
- Ratchet
- 10mm Socket
Pliers, Cutters & misc Wrenches
Ratchets & Related
Sockets - Metric
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12 months ago
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Vehicle Fit
|Buick LeSabre Custom Headlight for Models without Lined / Fluted Hi-Beam Lens Driver Side
This part replaces:
- Partslink GM2502209
Part #: 1ALHL00114
Order must be placed by 4pm ET
Get it in: 2 - 4 Business Days
Want it sooner? Choose Next Day Air at Checkout


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May 23. 2013 11:46AM
The Woodman Institute Museum and the William Damm Garrison
182 Central Avenue
Dover, NH 03820
Ph: 603-742-1038
Dedicated to the preservation of natural science, art/furniture and local history, the Woodman is often called a "museum's museum". The Woodman Institute is a true Turn of the Century institute with exhibits displayed through-out a four building complex that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A new adventure awaits visitors in each and every room.
Climb the narrow ladder stairs in the 1675 colonial garrison and wonder how someone like you could have slept in those old rope beds. See a 10-foot polar bear, four legged chicken and President Lincoln's saddle under one roof in the 1818 Woodman House. Admire the table used by Rev. Jeremy Belknap when he wrote the three volume "History of New Hampshire", the law desk used by Senator John Parker Hale and the pocket watch owned by Josiah Bartlett signer of the Declaration of Independence, in the 1813 Hale House.
The 1827 Keefe House is home to more than 7,000 historical and genealogical documents, including a 1771 tax bill from King George to the citizens of Dover. Minerals, fossils, birds, butterflies, mammals, shells, Indian artifacts, scrimshaw, ship models, musical instruments, pewter, china, glassware, antique dolls, police and firefighting equipment, paintings, mill memorabilia, even time capsules are just some of the many items that are on display.
The Woodman Institute


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i was wondering if any of you know where i can find a program i can install on a computer on domain and just let it sit there and find user accounts and guess their passwords, thanks
Take the thumb out of your ass, then go read the Newbie FAQ.
Here's the thing your looking for
You are not going to last long here. As it was said, read the FAQ
Remember -
The ark was built by amatures...
The Titanic was built by professionals.
i was just wondering, wouldn't it be pointless to just "guess" pw's or are we talking "brute force". the concept interests me.
my question is...
if my password is "apple" you could get it fairly easily but what if i had a password such as "apple69". some links on brute force or a simple explaination would be great.
I don't want to get into any accounts. i DO want to know how it all works tho.
How could you possibly think crisco that you are going to get the answer of your L A M E Question? Didn't your parents told you to read the instruction before you start any thing. On this site the instruction to use this site called F.A.Q
Forum Rules


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Thursday, December 19, 2013
Paris Büche de Noël
30 comments:
oooh Carol ! decisions, decisons ! Well, it's only Christmas once a year, go on eat as many buche-de-noel as you want. If I was in Paris I'd be eating one everyday ...ReplyDelete
I do love the child's beds ones:)ReplyDelete
What works of art you have captured..
I imagine they must be exquisite..I would prefer the less kitchen sink ones..We always had one growing up..I ahve made a few..it seems the last few yrs..I have not..
Your painting is so cute..
Eat as many as you like..It's the holidays.♥
And may yours be merry and bright..like each post you share with us~
Carol, Christmas only comes once a year. Try them. One of them could be the one that will outdo all of those you have tasted up till then. Do you see croquembouche a? I know you have posts on them from other years. I am trying to make on of those this year. Merry ChristmaaReplyDelete
Carol, these Parisien buches are superb. I caught sight of a NYC version yesterday at a Pain Quotien. I did not take it home.ReplyDelete
I've been doing my own rustic, tiny kitchen sugar cookie baking this afternoon.
Fyi, Laduree will finally open its West Broadway doors in January, but are already taking website orders. The kitchen is working, even before the front doors open. I am assured that les macarons will still be shipped in daily from your fair cite.
It looks like they have made more than enough buches to give one to every single man, woman, child and dog in Paris!ReplyDelete
It all depends on how much swimming you want to do. ;- )ReplyDeleteReplies
the BEST response so far ;))Delete
I've increased pool action from 30 mins to 60 mins + using a NOODLE.
Results so far = ZERO
The body has it's own way of maintaining equilibrium/homeostasis(sp).
It's called eating cheese.
Thanks to Frances for the Laudree Soho update. I'll be there!ReplyDelete
I've seen Buche de Noel at Ceci et Cela, Payard, and also a mail with pics of Laduree. There is no question that Laduree's are the prettiest.
Ceci et Cela is selling the mushrooms in case anyone is making their own Buche de Noel. Oh, they also have croquembouche and Balthazaar is selling "profiteroles" without chocolate but with caramel...sort of a croquembouche to go (4 to a serving)...it was the most delicious thing I've ever had from their bakery.
Laura, NYC
Oh, I think you need more buches! They all look so wonderful, especially the ones inside Hermes. Miam-miam. I've been trying to decide what kind of cake to get for Christmas, and I'm thinking now that it might just have to be a Yule log. Too bad it won't be from Hermes!ReplyDelete
Like you, I love the mini ones. In general, I think they look better than they taste, but for all the years we've been in Paris at Christmas we always have "La Bûche." The movie of that title is my all time favorite Christmas movie, as well as my all time favorite French movie. Go watch it, if you can!ReplyDelete
Such a variety of buches! My corner patisserie rue de Rochechouart only had the traditional one at the time. We do have a French bakery here (a couple from La Rochelle) so now that I see your buches I'll go and check theirs. I understand also why my mother never baked (in Paris) – it was so easy to buy the buche already made and more delicious than one she would have baked …ReplyDelete
I tell you what, Carol. You taste for me - the whole lot. They all sound incredible and wish I could have this for Christmas, to be honest. Don't say a word. Enjoy the festive season and all the best for another new gourmet year of tasting, testing and sharing.ReplyDelete
Swimming exertions aside, I can't see how whether or not you should sample more logs is a question or not! They're fabulous jewels, only there for such a short time. I hadn't realised that each patisserie made such a selection, making choices even harder. Le figaro did a beautiful article about them this week. Here's the link in case you didn't see it.ReplyDelete
OMG was there in May...but I really want to experience Paris over the holidays.ReplyDelete
C|K Shave Balm Soap Lotion
- Replies
I'd be delighted to...Delete
Pls. send buckets of €€€€s
These puppys cost a bundle and unfortunately the 'minis' don't come close to the Big guys...
Bonjour chère amie,ReplyDelete
Alors là ! Tu émoustilles mes papilles avec de telles photos !... Je veux bien me transformer en bûcheron et couper de telles bûches !...
Chaque année je réalise plusieurs bûches de noël... Je tâcherai de t'envoyer prochainement des photos de ces dernières ! juste pur te faire saliver !! sourire !!
Gros bisous à toi... Je te souhaite un merveilleux noël et que ces jours d'hivers soient des temps heureux.
Good question Gwendoline.ReplyDelete
But I'm sure, same as at Easter, these gorgeous bebes will be around until Jan 1 when the next extravaganza shows it's pretty face, la galette de roi
There are NO 50% off sales the day after in Paris as far as I know.


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TNSC Press Room
Read about TNSC in the press.
TNSC Press for 2013
♦ Our Science Across Virtual Institutes (SAVI) Supplement award recipients are:
- Thora Tenbrink (Bangor) will visit Holly Taylor (Tufts),
- Mehul Bhatt (Bremen) will visit Helen Couclelis (UCSB),
- Alexia Galati (Cyprus) will visit SILC-Temple,
- Amy Pace (UCSD/SDSU) will visit Gergely Csibra (Central European University, Budapest) and
- Peii Chen (Kessler Foundation) will visit Hans-Otto Karnath (Tubingen).
(Posted January 31, 2013)
TNSC Press for 2012
♦ Fischer, Kim (November 8, 2012). Spatial cognition researchers will connect through grant-funded virtual institute. SILC receives a Science Across Virtual Institutes (SAVI) grant from the National Science Foundation to create the Thematic Network in Spatial Cognition. Retrieved November 13, 2012.


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Shop Our Largest Selection of Fall Seasonal Ever! Sign up today to start shopping.
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- Party Supplies
- New Darice Party Line
- Darice® Dyed Jute Cord: Turquoise, 1.5mm x 30 yards
Party Supplies
New Darice Party Line
Versatile in use, cut, tie & knot this turquoise jute cord to suit all your craft needs. The dyed jute measures 1.5mm thick, making it great for adding embellishments to scrapbook pages, cards, gifts and labels as well as hanging banners and other decorations.
30 yards of jute cord per package.
30 yards of jute cord per package.


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tokidoki DIY Stellina
- Unicorno figure can look like whatever you want
- Or you can leave it blank if you want to...
- But that is a little freaky. Just sayin'.
Oh, Unicornos! You are so versatile. That magic waterfall made creatures full of spunk and cuteness and metal and plumpitude. But it is just not enough! We need more! We need a unicorno that is one of us... ONE OF US. Why is there no monkey-llina? No Timmyllina? Can you even imagine the awesome combination of primate and unicorn?
With our very own Do-It-Yourself blank tokidoki Stellina figure we might be tempted to draw two big brown eyes and a half moon smile. We could probably throw a ThinkGeek t-shirt on our unicorno. That couldn't hurt right? And unicorno tail = monkey unicorno tail. It is not the first time that there was a flying monkey-type creature in a story involving rainbows and magical kingdoms...Product Specifications
- DIY Unicorno in whatever colors you want!
- Comes with three tokidoki Sharpies
- Material: Vinyl
- Dimensions: 5" tall
- Limited Edition tokidoki collectible


text:
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Search By Standards
Select an event to explore related lesson plans, websites, and student resources.
1863—Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia
1—May Day
1987—Mother Goose Day
1945—The Soviet Union announces the fall of Berlin
1938—Thornton Wilder receives Pulitzer Prize for "Our Town"
—Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman" wins the Pulitzer Prize
1947—Japan forms a new constitutional democracy
1469—Political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli born in Florence, Italy
1961—The Freedom Riders leave Washington, D.C., to challenge segregation laws
1970—National Guard troops fire on Kent State student protesters
1953—Ernest Hemingway wins Pulitzer Prize for "The Old Man and the Sea"
1948—Children's Day in Japan
2010—Cinco de Mayo, a national holiday in Mexico
1925—John T. Scopes arrested in Tennessee for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution
1812—Martin R. Delany African American abolitionist, doctor, and politician, born
1940—John Steinbeck's "The Grapes of Wrath" wins the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
1862—Henry David Thoreau dies
1915—German sub sinks Lusitania
1812—Robert Browning, English poet, is born
1843—Manjiro, first Japanese immigrant to the continental U.S., arrives
1945—World War II ends in Europe
1864—Lee defeats Grant in Spotsylvannia
1753—Phillis Wheatley, first Black American poet, born
1800—John Brown, abolitionist, born
1860—Sir James Barrie, author of Peter Pan, is born
1951—Joy Harjo, American poet, is born
1968—Peace talks began between U.S. and North Vietnam
1940—Winston Churchill becomes prime minister of Great Britain
1869—First Transcontinental Railroad is completed
1888—American composer Irving Berlin born
1934—Dust storm sweeps Great Plains
1812—Limerick Day: Edward Lear, English author who popularized limericks, is born
1940—Winston Churchill delivers his "Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat" speech
1900—Wilbur Wright writes a letter to Octave Chanute describing "the belief that flight is possible to man."
1846—U.S. declares war on Mexico
1804—Lewis & Clark set out for Pacific Coast
1935—The Philippines ratifies independence agreement
1607—Jamestown, first permanent British settlement in North America, is established
1754— England declares war on France beginning the conflict known as either Seven Years War or French and Indian War
—Walt Whitman registers the title, "Leaves of Grass," with the U.S. District Court, NY
1856—L. Frank Baum ("The Wonderful Wizard of Oz") born
1868—President Andrew Johnson acquitted during Senate impeachment
1843—First wagon train sets out for the Pacific Northwest on the Oregon Trail
1954—Supreme Court unanimously rules in Brown v. Board of Education that racial segregation of schools is unconstitutional
2009—President Barack Obama gives commencement address at Notre Dame University
1860—Abraham Lincoln nominated by Republican Party for President
1896—U.S. Supreme Court affirms "separate but equal" principle (Plessy v. Ferguson)
1933—Tennessee Valley Authority is established
1926—Malcolm X, African American activist, born
1930—Lorraine Hansberry, American playwright, is born
1828—President John Quincy Adams signs protective tariff ("tariff of abominations")
1862—U.S. Homestead Act is signed
1916—Norman Rockwell's first cover appears on "The Saturday Evening Post"
1927—Charles Lindbergh lands in Paris
1932—Amelia Earhart becomes first woman to fly solo, non-stop across Atlantic
1911—The Treaty of Ciudad Juárez peace treaty signed, concluding the initial phase of the Mexican Revolution
1964—President Lyndon Johnson delivers "Great Society" speech
1844—Mary Cassatt, American Painter, is born
1810—Margaret Fuller, American Transcendentalist and women's rights advocate born
1941—Martin Puryear, American sculptor, is born
1883—Brooklyn Bridge opens
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1803—American essayist, lecturer, and poet Ralph Waldo Emerson born
1961—John F. Kennedy pledges support to Space Program
1908—American poet Theodore Roethke born
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1889—Opening of the first Eiffel Tower elevator to the public
1937—Golden Gate Bridge opens
1941—FDR declares unlimited national emergency
1830—Andrew Jackson signs Indian Removal Act
1851—Ohio Woman's Rights Convention meet in Akron
1917—President John F. Kennedy born
1851—Sojourner Truth delivers her "Ain't I a Woman?" speech at Akron Ohio Women's Convention
1453—Constantinople falls to Ottomans
1871—Frederick Douglass delivers Decoration Day Address
1854—President Pierce signs the Kansas–Nebraska Act
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Sale on The Panton Style S Chair!
Sep 22, 2010 11:04:13 AM
We're having a Fall sale! 99$ for The popular Panton style S Chair!
One of the most famous and well designed chairs of the 20th century, the Panton Style S Chair is a favorite among fans of modern design. This chair was designed in 1960, and was the first single unit cantilevered chair made of molded plastic. It remains extremely popular today, as it effortlessly integrates into modern décor.
Verner Panton is considered one of the founders of ultra modern furniture. Panton was a student of legendary designer Arne Jacobsen, and worked among some of the era's most noted designers. He is best known for his distinct, futuristic style, as is seen in this chair. Much of his work remains extremely popular today, proof of the staying power of great design. Also known as the S Chair or Ess Chair, the Panton Style S Chair has a unique shape that adds instant character to your home.
The Panton Style S Chair is as much a piece of art as it is a functional piece of furniture. Though its look is statuesque, this chair is surprisingly comfortable and works great paired with a dining table, or as occasional seating in any room of the home or office. The Panton Style S Chair is made of strong, durable fiberglass. Our version is also a stackable chair up to four high, can be also used outdoors and molded in one piece. The integral organic shape creates flowing lines, without any break between the functional elements of backrest, seat or leg. We carry these only in matte, and it is available in red, white and black. This is a sale only lasts until Halloween, so if you have been tempted about buying these chairs hesitate no longer! There is no sales tax (CA excluded), and the shipping is free!
Emily G
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Baggallini San Marino Satchel Shoulder Handbag Bundle with complimentary Travel EarphonesBeach Beach -
BUY WITH CONFIDANCE: Authentic Baggallini Handbags w/Tags. 1 Year warranty. We handle exchange Bundle with complimentary Travel Earphones
LIGHT & EASY: Weight 16 oz. Size: 13(W) x8.5 (H) x 4 (D) - 28 In Long double strap. Separate phone pocket . Two main compartments. Two front and one back outside pockets.
FUNCTIONAL: Lightweight water resistant nylon. Gold tone hardware.
VERSATILE: Gold zippers, fasteners, and locks adorn the lightweight nylon San Marino Satchel. Stylishly functional and spacious, featuring meticulous interior organization and separate phone pocket.
\"CLICK add to cart to get your BAGGALLINI while supplies last and before the sale price is gone! \"


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© Copyright 2018 The Farnborough Academy | All Rights Reserved. The Farnborough Academy is not responsible for content on external Websites. Cookie Policy
The Farnborough Academy is a member of the Trent Academies Group. Trent Academies Group is an exempt charity and company limited by guarantee registered in England.The Company's registered number is 8128513.The registered office is Trent Academies Group, Rushcliffe School, Boundary Road, West Bridgford Nottingham NG2 7BW.


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So, what have the children of Jacob and the people who hate them been up to over the past 24 hours? What can I say, it's a violent planet. But even in a violent blue-green ball like ours, some stories still get our goat. Like this one:
The NY Post reports on a $10.5 million federal suit that says staffers at Eagle Avenue Middle School in West Hempstead stood by as schoolmates abused Gedaliah Hoffman, calling him a "f–king Jew" for wearing a yarmulke.
Staffers caused "the bullying to become escalated by punishing only Gedaliah, although Gedaliah was the victim of the attacks," says the lawsuit, filed last week by the boy and his mother, Lori Hoffman.
Oh, we want t see that one through. And give 'em hell, Gedaliah Hoffman!
OK, we can't do just nasty stuff, where's the ray of hope thing? Well, there it is, in Borough Park!
Like this group of Brooklyn Jewish women who are starting their own ladies-only ambulance service.The NY Daily News reports that Borough Park lawyer Rachel Freier, 46, held the first recruitment drive Sunday for Ezras Nashim — Hebrew for "assisting women' (but also a great pun on the Hebrew name for the ladies section in shul) — in her dining room. The News says Hatzolah leaders shot down Freier's request last fall to let women into its 1,300 all-male corps, the city's largest volunteer ambulance crew, which answers more than 50,000 calls a year.
Ezras Nashim member Hadassah Strauss, 26, retorts: "Women have been delivering babies for thousands of years." Sharp lady. I strongly advise against getting into an argument with her…
And what religious Jewish person's heart won't be gladdened by this NY Times headline: In Texas, the Sabbath Trumps the Semifinals. Well, good for the Sabbath! And good for the Robert M. Beren Academy, an Orthodox Jewish day school in Houston, which won its regional championship to advance to the boys basketball state semifinals last weekend in Dallas. But the team will not make the trip. Because the Beren Academy players observe the Sabbath and do not play from sundown on Fridays to sundown on Saturdays. Their semifinal game was scheduled for 9 p.m. Friday.
Hey, I say, wasn't any super meikel rabbi out there to give the lads an opening? A halachic three-point throw? Nobody?
According to the Times, several of Beren Academy's opponents this season agreed to change the time of their games to avoid conflicts with the Sabbath. See? All a Jew needs to make it in America is a few nice goyim…
Dozens of students gathered in the Hughes-Trigg commons to hear from religious leaders of Islam, Judaism and Christianity, and balance and moderation was the main topic of the Islamic Awareness Week's interfaith discussion panel Monday night – reports the Southern Methodist University Daily Campus.
So we scroll two-three paragraphs down and we get what we just knew had to be in there somewhere, the Jewish guy condemning intolerant Jews. Because, let's face it. while hoards of Muslim tolerant folks have been storming the public squares of the Third World, with tolerant soldiers and police shooting tolerantly – and with moderation! – into the crowds, them extremists Jews really drowned out that peacefulness with their extremist going on living in their homes.
"Each religious leader discussed how the essential truths of their religions stress the importance of balance and moderation. However, they all spoke of extremists within their religions whose actions go against the core values of their faiths."
Now, wait for it… wait for it… and – who's the first panelist to take a crack at the condemn-thine-own-extremist challenge?
"Balance and moderation is a challenge," Rabbi David Gruber said, describing extremist behavior he witnessed by some Jewish people in Israel.
First one, and ONLY one, folks. Honor murders, decapitations, mass killings, suicide bombing – not event a footnote. Horrible Israelis? Oh yeah, baby, we know all about them.
Even the Christian guy got away with it without mentioning firebombing abortion clinics and murdering abortion doctors, f'rinstance. So now we're clear: The leasson from Islamic Interfaith Awareness Week at SMU is – we must do something about the Jews.
Good to know.
And speaking of goyim, nice or otherwise, Salt Lake City's Deseret News reports that LDS Church has been added to Hungarian government's recognition list, along with five Buddhist groups, Methodists, J Witnesses and two Islamic communities. Well, welcome to the club, guys, and remember: keep the weird stuff to a minimum…
This would have been funny enough for a dream scene from a Woody Allen movie (the earlier, funny ones): FOX40 News reports that Neo-Nazis and Occupy Groups clashed at Capitol Monday, man what a story. Except two officers were hurt in the clash, and made the story distinctly unfunny.


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Hi folks. I haven't been on here in a while. Still trying to get ready to take-off.
Has anyone here had any practical experience with Wi Fi antennas range extenders?
I have been using my Verizon Mobile Hotspot and the cost is killing me. The only time I ever used a 'foreign' source for internet has been at motels and in McDonalds. LaQuinta motel has a password and McDonalds doesn't. So my questions are:
1). How practical are these antennas and boosters? When in a civilized areas along river banks, is it relatively easy to get on Wi-Fi with these. I will be travelling the ICW from Texas to Alabama and then going inland to Ky.
2). I plan on spending up to about $300, will this be in the ball park?
3). What kind of places do you typically get your Wi Fi from when using your antenna/booster?
Thanks in advance