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State Department: Remarks on Science and Diplomacy in the 21st Century
Source – U.S. State Depatment:
Remarks on Science and Diplomacy in the 21st Century
E. William Colglazier
Science and Technology Adviser
46th Session of the Erice International Seminars: Role of Science in the Third Millennium
Erice, Sicily
August 20, 2013
It is a pleasure to speak about "science and diplomacy in the 21st Century" to the Erice International Seminars 46th Session focused on the "Role of Science in the Third Millennium." I have been the science and technology adviser to the U.S. Secretary of State for two years. Most of my career has been outside of government, first as a theoretical physicist, then an academic focusing on science and technology policy, and then for twenty years at the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and National Research Council. In the latter role, I helped to oversee studies advising the American government and public on issues where insights from science and technology are needed.
Science Diplomacy
I will give a simple-minded definition of what I mean by science diplomacy. By "science," I include not only the physical and biological sciences, but also the social sciences, engineering, and medicine. Science diplomacy is: (1) science and technology aiding diplomacy (for the many diplomatic issues where scientific and technological information is critically important and even for those cases where science and technology engagement can open doors for dialogue on other issues), (2) diplomacy advancing science and technology (such as by negotiating multinational arrangements for building large facilities and gaining access for research in unique locations), and (3) science and technology helping to solve national, regional, and global problems (such as by creating new options and paths for making progress on the "wicked problems" too difficult for politicians to resolve alone). An important purpose of science diplomacy is to help improve relations between countries and make all people more secure, healthy, peaceful, and prosperous. Every country, including my own, pursues science diplomacy for its own national interests, but it also serves our global interests.
My office at the State Department helps to facilitate science diplomacy, but also helps to build the scientific and technical human capacity inside the Department, assists our bureaus and offices on specific matters where science and technology are relevant, and helps to anticipate scientific and technical issues that may affect international relations and/or disrupt societies in either positive or negative ways. We work especially closely with the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (OES) in the Department of State and the Office of Science and Technology (OST) in the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Through creative programs, OST – which is headed by the Science and Technology Adviser to the USAID Administrator – has greatly expanded the role of science and technology in addressing development challenges of the poorest countries.
Science, Technology, and Innovation
In 2010 the U.S. Department of State and the U.S. Agency for International Development released a strategic blueprint to chart the course of the next four years. In this first Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review, it was stated:
"Science, engineering, technology, and innovation are the engines of modern society and a dominant force in globalization and international economic development."
The significance of this observation has been emphasized repeatedly to me over the past two years in conversations with representatives of many countries about science and technology. I have been struck by the fact that nearly every country has put at the very top of its agenda the role of science and technology for supporting innovation and economic development. This observation has been true for countries at every level of development – not only for countries like Germany, Japan, China, India, Brazil, South Korea, and Singapore, but also for countries like Mexico, Colombia, Chile, South Africa, Indonesia, Czech Republic, Malaysia, and Vietnam. They are all seeking insights regarding the right policies and investments to help their societies to become more innovative and competitive to ensure a more prosperous future for their citizens.
Why does nearly every country now have a "laser-like" focus on improving its capabilities in science, technology, and innovation in order to be more competitive in this globalized, interconnected world? My guess is that most countries see two trends clearly: (1) science and technology have a major impact on the economic success of leading companies and countries and (2) the scientific and technological revolution has been accelerating. If countries do not become more capable in science and technology, they will be left behind. The upside is great if they can capitalize on the transformative potential of new and emerging technologies. As one example, the information and communication technology (ICT) revolution has shown the potential for developing countries to use new technologies to "leapfrog" over the development paths taken by developed countries, such as with mobile phones in Africa.
Countries also recognize that almost every issue with which they are confronted on the national, regional, and global level has an important scientific and technological component. This is true whether the issue concerns health, environment, national security, homeland security, energy, communication, food, water, climate change, disaster preparedness, or education. Countries know they have smart, creative, entrepreneurial people. They believe their people can compete, even from a distance, if the right investments are made and the right policies are implemented. And they know that to become more capable in science and technology and to create innovation and knowledge-based societies, they must collaborate with the world leaders in science and technology.
New and emerging technologies have also affected the trajectory of fundamental science and engineering research by creating new capabilities for exploring and understanding the natural world. We are only at the beginning of exploiting the potential of these new capabilities. This is another reason for the acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution, progressing at such an incredibly rapid pace that it is hard to imagine, much less predict, what new transformative possibilities will emerge within a decade. Scientists are not much better at predicting the future than anyone else. I am very envious of young people who will see amazing developments in their lifetimes. As renowned computer scientist Alan Kay said, "The best way to predict the future is to invent it."
How have these developments affected science diplomacy? For the U.S., science has become a strategic asset for our diplomacy because all countries want to engage with our scientists and engineers, with our universities and research laboratories, and with our high technology companies. They want to see how we innovate and how we connect research and development to the productive sector. This desire is true even for countries where our governmental relations are strained or nonexistent. So my colleagues and I spend much of our time in dialogues with other countries about how to stimulate innovation from science and technology.
Facilitating an Innovative Ecosystem and Knowledge-Based Society
The fundamental principles describing what to do to spur innovation are generally well understood, but complicated to implement. These principles are clearly described in a report entitled "Rising Above the Gathering Storm," published by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering in 2005.(1) The report was initiated by a bipartisan request of the U.S. Congress asking what the U.S. should do to ensure it would be able to compete in the 21st century and produce good jobs and a high standard of living for our citizens. The expert committee that wrote the report included leaders of industry, presidents of research universities, and Nobel Prize laureates. Many of the recommendations in this report were enacted in legislation through the America Competes Acts of 2007 and 2010.
The report's recommendations for the U.S. Government are grouped into four areas. All four require additional investments and improved policies, which are relevant for any country that wishes to enhance its science, technology, and innovation. The first is to improve and strengthen the primary and secondary educational system, when children first enter grade school through high school, so that more students are not only well trained in the sciences, mathematics, and engineering and the scientific way of thinking, but also interested in pursuing careers that depend on these disciplines. The second is to provide more support for undergraduate and graduate students at universities and for students at vocational schools who pursue advanced training in science and engineering. The third is to provide more support for research and development in universities and national laboratories, especially in fundamental basic research whether it is motivated solely by deep curiosity or by the possibility of uncovering insights relevant for future applications. The fourth is to build stable and supportive government policies that facilitate, rather than retard, building an innovative ecosystem and a culture of innovation in society.
Building human capacity is the key element in creating an innovative society. We have turned off too many young people from science by teaching in boring ways – emphasizing memorization of facts rather than teaching by inquiry – and by having too many teachers in the early grades who are not adequately trained in the sciences and mathematics. We want more students not only more scientifically inquisitive and literate from a young age, but also passionate about science and its relevance to the modern world. We want them to be well trained in science, technology, engineering and mathematics – the so-called STEM fields. We want many of them to pursue careers that depend on these disciplines. We want them to pursue research, to patent their discoveries, to innovate and to start companies, to teach and to apply their valuable toolsets in many areas.
Also essential are strong research universities and laboratories that carry out fundamental research funded by multiple government agencies. Many U.S. research universities have created interdisciplinary research centers with government and industry support, requiring expertise from a range of scientific and engineering disciplines focusing on fundamental research in areas that are important for future advances and applications, such as in biotechnology, nanotechnology, smart grid, secure computing, synthetic biology, and robotics. These interdisciplinary research centers help to carry on the legacy of institutions like Bell Labs that contributed so greatly to innovation in the 20th century, a story that is well told in the recent book "The Idea Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation."(2) Applied research on important national priorities is also essential. Every agency of our government supports research and development in priority areas relevant to its mission.
The importance of the private sector in research and development (R&D) and in the innovation system cannot be overestimated. Seventy percent of the research and development in the U.S. occurs in the private sector, carried out by R&D facilities in our large companies and by entrepreneurs and innovators in small to medium-size companies, building on more basic research funded by government. An innovative ecosystem also requires policies that promote efficient markets, intellectual property laws that provide incentive for innovation and reward risk-takers, programs that provide assistance to small entrepreneurial startup businesses, a business climate that rewards venture risk capital investors and angel investors, and encourages foreign direct investment and trade. Further required is the free exchange of information in fundamental research, tax policies that promote innovation and private sector investment, enabling infrastructure investments by government, procedures that minimize corruption, and bankruptcy policies that permit second chances. Additionally important are policies that encourage university faculty to start small companies to exploit promising ideas; immigration policy that attracts the best and brightest from other countries; and government programs that encourage entrepreneurs, accelerate innovation through open competitions and prizes, and support research and development by small high-tech companies. Promoting innovation requires innovative thinking in our policies, organizations, and planning.
Science Diplomacy by Nongovernmental Scientists and Institutions
Let me now return to science diplomacy, which is most successful for a country that has an innovative ecosystem. Some of the greatest science diplomacy assets for the U.S. are our nongovernmental scientific institutions and people. I will give some examples familiar to me, beginning with three individuals who were mentors. They were great scientists who also made significant contributions to science diplomacy. They never worked inside the government.
One is Sherwood Rowland, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry and Professor at the University of California at Irvine, who died in 2012. Sherry received the Nobel Prize with Mario Molina and Paul Crutzen. They discovered that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in aerosols could destroy the earth's protective ozone layer and thereby create a potentially grave environmental problem. There were many critics of the work – both from industry and academia – until it was vindicated and proven correct. Sherry successfully advocated for a ban on CFCs that was achieved with the 1987 Montreal Protocol Treaty. I worked with Sherry when he served as the NAS Foreign Secretary for eight years. He used science and technology and his worldwide reputation to advance relations between the U.S. and other countries. He was treated like a "rock star" when travelling overseas. He helped to create the InterAcademy Panel of science academies around the world, which fosters the scientific capacity of academies in developing countries.(3) He was a scientist who viewed scientific knowledge as a means for protecting our planet and improving lives of people everywhere.
Two other individuals are Paul Doty and Wolfgang (Pief) Panofsky. Paul was a professor of biochemistry at Harvard who died in 2011 at the age of 91. He was a world-class biochemist who served on President Kennedy's science advisory committee. He devoted much of his career in trying to reduce the risk of nuclear war through engaging with Soviet scientists about nuclear arms control. He created the Center for Science and International Affairs at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and the Program in Science, Technology, and Humanism of the Aspen Institute – two places where I worked with him. Pief , who died in 2007, was director of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) where I had the good fortune to be a postdoc. Like Paul, Pief devoted much of his career to dialogues with scientists in Russia, China, Europe and elsewhere on nuclear arms control. Both Paul and Pief served for many years on the Committee on International Security and Arms Control of the NAS. This committee was the main "back channel" for communication between American and Soviet scientists on arms control during the height of the cold war. The Soviet scientists involved in these dialogues later became the key scientific advisors to Gorbachev, and their influence helped achieve the breakthroughs that occurred in arms control between these two countries. Nobel Laureate Jim Watson said of Paul: "His strength was in never wanting power." The same can be said of Pief. I also want to recognize Richard (Dick) Garwin, who is here with us today. Dick worked with Paul and Pief on all these issues, including serving on CISAC, and the recent tribute to him in Science magazine shows his enormous contributions in "speaking truth to power."(4) All four of these outstanding scientists have made seminal contributions to science diplomacy.
Nongovernmental institutions are also critically important to science diplomacy. The U.S. National Academies – which includes the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, and National Research Council – collaborate bilaterally and multilaterally with scientific academies and scientific organizations around the world to provide independent, expert advice to governments and international organizations on important global issues. The goal is not only to make progress on solving problems that countries face, but also to help scientific organizations around the world become more important advisers to their governments.
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) has created a Center for Science Diplomacy that has focused on scientific communication with countries where the U.S. Government does not have diplomatic relations.(5) The AAAS has engaged with North Korea and Cuba, and was among the first to engage with Burma. Both the AAAS and the NAS have engaged with Iran; in fact, the NAS has been conducting workshops and exchanges with the Iranian scientific community for over a decade. Science cannot break down all the barriers, but when a window of opportunity emerges in governmental relations, the existing scientific contacts can be a great asset, as was the case for U.S. relations with both China and Russia. The U.S. State Department has always encouraged our nongovernmental scientific organizations to maintain contact and communications with scientists in countries where diplomatic relations do not exist.
Private foundations have also played a significant role. As an important recent example, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) has partnered with South Africa to create a fundamental science research center called KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV (KRITH) in Durban to focus on solving the critical health problem of joint HIV and TB infections.(6) Durban is the epicenter of this pandemic, and HHMI has committed over U.S.$70 million for KRITH. The research center works with the local university and hospitals in Durban and has attracted researchers from around the world. It has built considerable good will between the U.S. and South Africa. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is another example of utilizing science to solve health problems facing developing countries, and has directed enormous resources and expertise at these issues. The foundation has provided support for a decade to the NAS and Institute of Medicine to help science academies in Africa to become more important advisers to their governments on health issues. Foundations in other countries have also served this role well. The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, which was established by the German federal government, is an excellent example of an organization pursuing science diplomacy through collaborations in fundamental science and engineering. The many Humboldtians around the world are an important scientific network as well as a bridge between Germany and other countries.
Research universities are very international and build linkages between countries. The international collaborations are not only those initiated by individual faculty, but also strategic engagements made by university leaders and partly financed via university funds. It is hard to keep track of all the international engagements that our major research universities are undertaking. American multinational corporations also contribute to science diplomacy. An interesting example is the program that Intel created to help reform engineering education in Vietnam. Intel built its largest chip assembly and test facility in the world outside of Ho Chi Minh City, and subsequently found that Vietnamese engineers and technicians that it hired needed additional skills. Intel partnered with Arizona State University — with support from USAID, Vietnamese ministries, and other companies — to create the multiyear and multimillion dollar Higher Engineering Education Alliance Program to strengthen engineering education in Vietnam. These international engagements by our universities and companies have been a great asset for the U.S. in building positive relationships with countries around the world. And it is important to remember that one of the greatest benefits for the U.S. innovation ecosystem from international engagement of our universities and companies has been attracting many of the best and brightest from around the world for graduate education and research and for creating and working in innovative American technology companies.
Opportunities and Challenges of the Urban World
The number of people living in cities will grow to over 60% of the projected population of 8.3 billion by 2030, and could rise to 85% of the world's population by the end of the century. This rapid urbanization is unprecedented in human history. I am a physicist, and physicists might call this phenomenon a "change of state" or "phase transition." It creates exciting new opportunities and many challenges.
What are the opportunities? Cities are the economic, political, cultural, and academic engines of most countries. People come to cities for a better life. They seek employment, services, health care, education, entertainment, and security. Cities are places where people from different backgrounds and disciplines interact and mix their different skills and experiences to generate new ideas and ultimately innovation, which leads to economic growth, wealth creation, and job creation. Cities have the potential to provide enormous social, financial, and environmental benefits, including an expansion of the middle class and growth of markets for products and goods that can help reduce urban and rural poverty. On the other hand, poorly governed cities can lead to political unrest, regional instability, crime, slums, and failed states.
Science, technology, and innovation are important components for building successful cities of the future. An especially promising area is making effective use of new insights that are made possible by advances in information technology and analysis of large amounts of data being collected by sensors of many different types. But equally important is enlightened leadership of cities that creates common purpose from all sectors – government, business, academia – and a shared vision for improving the lives of all citizens. Innovative approaches are being undertaken in cities across the globe, and cities are learning from each other. If we can create cities that are sustainable, innovative, livable, prosperous, and smart, we will ensure the success of most countries
Broadband Connecting People and Things Everywhere
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) play a seminal role in enabling science, technology, and innovation. Another "phase change" for the world is coming when all people are connected, and that will happen faster than the urban transition. I want to mention a recent report by the McKinsey Company that assessed a large number of "disruptive technologies" that could affect societies in significant ways.(7) The McKinsey analysts selected twelve technologies that they believed would have that the largest economic impact on the world by 2025, and attempted to estimate those impacts. The first four technologies in rank order are all connected to the ICT revolution: mobile Internet, automation of knowledge work, Internet of things, and cloud technology. McKinsey estimated that these four would by 2025 result in 14 to 28 trillion dollars of economic impact on the world. Any such estimate has great uncertainties, but the message is clear about the tremendous potential of ICT advances for affecting economic growth in every country. There is still much work to do over the next few years to bridge the digital divide, particularly to bring broadband internet access to the developing world and to eliminate barriers to access to ICTs by women in developing countries.
While the efficiency and productivity gains brought about by the ICT revolution may displace some jobs, there will be significant employment with the expected economic growth and the infrastructure needed to support the large numbers of people moving to cities. The adoption of ICTs is strongly correlated with economic growth and job creation. Governments will need to provide the enabling policy environments that encourage investments in ICT infrastructure and services to help close the digital divide. And as ICTs become more accessible, a virtuous cycle is created as entrepreneurs and innovators, who are encouraged to take risks, step forward to provide the services that people need and want. Expanding broadband access, both mobile and fixed, centralized and distributed, is one way to provide these opportunities for economic and social growth.
Science, Technology, and Innovation at USAID
To advance the role of science and technology in solving the world's most critical development problems, USAID created the independent Office of Science and Technology (OST) in November 2012. OST aims to fundamentally change how people approach USAID, and is transforming the development model to prioritize greater collaboration between the Agency and the global science and technology, university, and business communities. The Office and the Science and Technology Adviser at USAID works closely with my office and the Department of State on science and technology initiatives, and is helping developing countries build their science and technology capacity.
Last November, OST launched the Higher Education Solutions Network (HESN), a constellation of seven "Development Labs" that harness the intellectual power of great American and international academic institutions to catalyze the development and application of new science, technology, and engineering approaches and tools to solve some of the world's most challenging development problems. These labs are helping USAID and the development community to discover more innovative, results-driven, efficient, cost effective, and accessible solutions to global development challenges in areas such as global health, food security, and chronic conflict. One of the seven is Makerere University in Uganda, which is leading a consortium of 20 universities in the region to identify new opportunities for collaboration.
USAID also provides grants to researchers in developing countries who are collaborating with U.S. Government-funded scientists through its Partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in Research (PEER) program. PEER is a key tool for building more equitable partnerships among scientists from developing and developed countries to approach research and development challenges in new and innovative ways. More than 1,000 scientists in developing countries have applied for PEER grants, and USAID has already funded more than 100.
USAID is also partnering with other governments and NGOs to pioneer open source development mechanisms through its Grand Challenges for Development program and other prize competitions. These programs provide seed and transition-to-scale funding for winners, on topics that include maternal and child health, energy and agriculture, literacy, citizen empowerment, and water. More than 2,500 innovators, entrepreneurs, small and medium business owners, researchers, and students have proposed innovative solutions through various pioneering open source development mechanisms. Applications are open to anyone in the world, and many of the winners are from developing countries. USAID is also partnering with the Department of State, NASA, and NIKE on the LAUNCH program, which helps innovators scale and commercialize their innovations by providing them with mentoring and support from experts and successful entrepreneurs. Four LAUNCH program cycles focused on the topics of water, health, energy, and waste, and have enabled innovators to network and receive specific instruction from thought leaders on how to best implement their solutions to major development problems.
Human Capacity Building
Building human capacity is absolutely essential for any knowledge and innovation-based society. One new way we in the U.S. are tapping into our own existing capacity is by engaging science and engineering diaspora groups through the State Department's Networks of Diasporas in Engineering and Science, or NODES. In partnership with nongovernmental scientific institutions, we seek to strengthen diaspora networks and encourage their members to collaborate with their countries of origin and ancestry through initiatives in science and technology, entrepreneurship, and social innovation.
With regard to building local capacity, I would like mention an important aspect of the role of women in science, technology, and innovation. Any country that wishes to compete globally cannot allow the potential talent of half of its population to go to waste. Women themselves are increasingly involved in research and innovation. More women than men are now enrolled in higher education institutions globally, and in both developing and developed countries alike, women are excelling. Women graduate from college at higher rates than men in many countries around the world, including the U.S. and E.U. Women also earn more than half of all graduate degrees and are even a majority of faculty at top universities in some countries. Countries with higher participation of women in education and the skilled workforce do better economically. In the science and engineering fields, we need to ramp up efforts to close the gender gap, particularly in the areas of technology and engineering where the percentage of women remains extremely low in most countries.
Objective Science and Technology Advice
In my conversations with representatives of other countries about the role of science and technology in society, there are two areas where I try to gently lobby. The first is to encourage every government to seek the independent advice of its nongovernmental scientific community on public policy issues where scientific and technical insights are relevant. The goal is for a country to have high quality, objective, and credible scientific advice – free of politics and special interests, independent of government control, and conveyed to the public as well as to the government. In their decisions, political leaders necessarily incorporate value judgments and other considerations that go beyond science, but objective scientific advice may help lead to wiser decisions. It is in everyone's interest for all countries to have decisions informed by the best scientific information, conveyed transparently, without bias, and with accurate representation of scientific uncertainties.
My second effort is to encourage governments to consider creating opportunities for young scientists, engineers, and medical professionals to have an opportunity to experience working in government. My office is the steward of several outstanding fellowship programs that bring science and engineering PhDs to work at the State Department. Over forty fellows sponsored by the AAAS are currently in their first or second year in the State Department, and approximately sixty former fellows have become regular civil service or foreign service employees. Wherever I have gone at the State Department, I have found either current or former fellows. They have permeated the Department, greatly added to the science and technology human capacity, and formed a network outside of the hierarchy. The same is true for AAAS fellows working at USAID. The Jefferson Science Fellows Program, which was initiated by one of my predecessors nine years ago, brings senior tenured faculty to work for a year in the Department or USAID. Jefferson Fellows continue to serve as resource experts after returning to their universities. Twelve Jefferson Fellows are serving this year and thirteen next year. Two professional societies – the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the American Institute of Physics (AIP) – bring several fellows each year as well. My office is staffed almost entirely by current and former fellows. In fact, the current Assistant Secretary for the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Kerri-Ann Jones; the current Science and Technology Adviser to the USAID Administrator, Alex Dehgan; and I are all former AAAS fellows. Fellows contribute to science diplomacy whether they stay in government or pursue careers outside of government.
Special Opportunity for Progress in This Decade
Science diplomacy helps other countries to become more capable in science and technology. One might worry that this creates more capable competitors, but I believe that it is in the interest of technologically advanced societies like in the U.S. and Europe to encourage more knowledge-based societies worldwide that rely upon science. The only way to stay in the forefront of the scientific and technological revolution, which is where I want the U.S. to be, is to run faster and to work with the best scientists and engineers wherever they reside in the world. That is why I support more global scientific engagement by the U.S. with leading scientists and engineers around the world. The approach that I favor was captured well in the title of an article in the October 2012 issue of Scientific American: "A measure of the creativity of a nation is how well it works with those beyond its borders."
I believe that the world has a special opportunity in this decade since so many countries are focusing on improving their capabilities in science and technology and are willing to make fundamental changes in investments and policies so they can build more innovative societies. If we can minimize wars and conflicts with skillful diplomacy, the potential is there for more rapid economic growth, faster expansion of the middle class, and increased democratic governance in many countries as well as increased trade between countries. This is an optimistic scenario. A range of future scenarios, including some that are quite pessimistic, are laid out in the fascinating report Global Trends 2030, published by the U.S. National Intelligence Council in 2012.(8) I believe that we can make the hopeful scenario a reality. Science diplomacy is one of our most important tools in achieving the desired outcome.
Science and Human Values
Let me end with a sentiment that I learned from another mentor, Bruce Alberts. He is a distinguished biochemist at the University of California at San Francisco, former president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, former U.S. Science Envoy to Indonesia, and former Editor of Science Magazine. He has emphasized that the values and ethics that come from doing science are congruent with democratic values. Both the scientific revolution and the democratic revolution grew out of the Enlightenment. Science values the individual, relies on freedom of inquiry and the entrepreneurial spirit, rewards excellence and merit, bases decisions on evidence, supports academic freedom, relies on peer review, and encourages transparency via publication. Science is also an agent of change, is an equalizing force in society, works for the common good, and is a source of optimism about the future. So the ultimate connection between science and diplomacy is shared values, which is the fundamental reason why science diplomacy is a strategic asset for democratic countries.
Bruce Alberts often quotes the great scientist-humanist Jacob Bronowski from lectures delivered at Harvard and published in the book "Science and Human Values" (1956). I will quote only one sentence among the many memorable lines in the book: "Men have asked for freedom, justice, and respect precisely as the scientific spirit has spread among them."


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Welcome to Pine Island Resort
Northern Saskatchewan is one of the top fly-in fishing destinations in Canada for big Monster Northern Pike and feisty Walleyes.
Pine Island Resort is lucky to be located on Black Bear Island Lake, which is a widening of the famous Churchill River. Both the river and the lake are stuffed with Walleyes and Monster Northern Pike.
Guests can expect to catch 50 to 100 Walleyes in a day, depending on how hard they fish. We also have great numbers of Northern Pike in any size but our claim to fame is the Monster Northerns, which patrol our water and eat anything. Our guests catch-&-release trophy Pike all summer in the 40 to 50-inch range with a few 52 inchers in the last couple of years.
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Your vacation starts with flying by floatplane from Otter Lake (Town of Missinipe - North of La Ronge, Saskatchewan) to our camp. We get you settled into your fully equipped cabin and then it's time to go fishing. Our cabins are clean and modern with comforts and amenities that are rare in such a remote region of the north. You have the choice to bring your own food or enjoy our delicious home cooked meals in our main lodge's dining area.
Lots of Walleyes and big trophy Pike are the main focus of our lodge but there are many other attractions, which will make your stay with us a complete and satisfying vacation. There are many scenic sites like waterfalls, aboriginal pictographs, a veteran's monument and bountiful amounts of wildlife including Moose, Bald Eagles, Bears, Lynx, Otters, Beavers and much more.
If you want a wilderness vacation full of hot fishing and adventure, as well as being comfortable, restful and heart warming, please consider Pine Island Resort. Please explore our website and feel the adventure that only Northern Saskatchewan can give you.
Bart & Vickie
Bart & Vickie

subset: commoncrawl


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Stephen, as Carl pointed out, what I meant by my "literal" isn't quite what you might have expected; I gave an English rendering that is both semantically and grammatically as close as possible to the original meaning, in other words I mentally convert the original to some language-independent thought before converting that to English. So when I say "give", I literally mean the English "give". When I want to say the Greek "διδοναι" I will say just that. I also put "given to" in brackets because it is usually used in English in place of the more direct rendering of "for". Of course, "καλειν" is one of the usual verbs used when explicitly stating the act of calling someone by some name. Sorry if my meaning was obscure.Stephen Hughes wrote:Is the verb "to give" used with ὄνομα? The usual verb seems to be καλεῖν as inDavid Lim wrote:This is literally something like "What is the name for (given to) you?" and "Legion is the name for (given to) me".The construction is Verb + 2 accusatives.Matthew 1:21 wrote:καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν·
Do you have any example where an ὄνομα has been given (διδόναι)?
[Δαυίδ: You might like to access some schoarly opinion about the meaning / significance of ὄνομα in Philipians 2:9 before you give a quick answer using that verse.]
As for Phlp 2:9, suffice to say that "ονομα" can refer to either the name given to someone or something, or some form of authority that is often represented in some way by the name, and hence Phlp 2:9 refers to granting of authority, and is unrelated to this topic.


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Last month, Kobe Bryant was sitting on a folding chair following another practice at the U.S. senior national team's training camp at Valley High in Las Vegas. He was surrounded by maybe eight or 10 reporters ready to ask him questions about all sorts of different subjects, most regarding the Americans' impending trip to China for the Olympic Games.
Given that erstwhile Atlanta Hawks forward Josh Childress recently had signed to take his game to Greece, and that we weren't all that far removed from U.S. high schooler Brandon Jennings accepting an offer to play in Italy, somebody asked if Bryant would accept a $50 million offer to play in Europe.
"Fifty million, two years? We goin' to Milan. We in Milan," Bryant said.
He pointed to Dwyane Wade, seated nearby.
"See that. That's the backcourt. Fifty million, two years. We're there. And ownership," Bryant said. "(For) ownership, five years. Done."
Then, and this will be hard to quote with precise accuracy, he said, "Ha, ha, ha." (How does one spell out a hearty laugh, anyway?)
Read over his quotes again, if you like. He mocked the question. He considered it to be a joke. Because no one has offered him, or anyone else, $50 million a year to play basketball in Europe, and it's likely no one ever will, because he wouldn't take it if it were offered during his prime.


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Resident Executives Offer Practical Aspect
Bob Piazza, a former human-resources executive at manufacturer Danaher Corp. , spends Tuesday afternoons and Thursday mornings advising students at the University of Richmond's Robins School of Business, visits classes and otherwise tries to, in his words, "demystify the career-search process" for students.
The 56-year-old is one of a growing number of retired and semiretired professionals currently passing through business-school campuses.
Aiming to lend a practical aspect to academic work and give students a taste of the actual business world, schools such as Columbia Business School and the College of William & Mary's Mason School of Business have been expanding their executive-in-residence programs, which bring former managers in for stints that can last for years or as little as a day.
For schools and executives, the benefits are mutual. Schools boast that students get face time with corporate veterans, and for executives, the mostly unpaid postings allow them to relive boardroom triumphs and share lessons learned.
But for business students more interested in landing a job than in soaking up wisdom, these executives may only be as useful as their Rolodex.
Mr. Piazza might chat with an undergraduate about pursuing a job in human resources, but administrators don't expect him or other resident executives to find jobs for students. Although he says he is making some introductions, many schools explicitly discourage students from seeking those kinds of networking favors.
Scott Dempsey, a second-year M.B.A. student at Columbia Business School, says some of his classmates have been crestfallen when executive visits don't result in job offers. Anyone who thinks those leaders are on campus looking for talent "will probably be disappointed," he says, though sessions with executives can be useful, provided students keep expectations in check.
More Business School Coverage
Mr. Dempsey has sought advice from some of Columbia's 16 resident executives, including Jesse Greene, formerly of International Business Machines Corp. and Eastman Kodak Co. , as he seeks hard-to-find corporate jobs in his native upstate New York.
Students "want someone to bounce ideas off of, to give them a sanity check," says Bob Essner, retired chairman and CEO of Wyeth Ltd. In his current yearlong residency at Columbia, he teaches two half-term courses on the pharmaceutical industry and meets with 40 to 50 students a year, mainly on career-related topics, he estimates. Mr. Essner, 65, has been an executive in residence on renewable one-year terms for the past four years.
Like Mr. Piazza, he'll occasionally recommend companies to students, but adds, "I'm not the career-services office."
Schools usually recruit retired leaders with some connection to the school—they may have children already enrolled, or are alumni themselves. Other executives come recommended by a school's management team or trustees, who usually have deep business backgrounds.
The commitment required varies widely among campuses.
While Mr. Essner—who is based in Sarasota, Fla., but keeps an apartment in New York—spends more than a dozen hours planning each lecture, the College of William & Mary anoints corporate leaders as "executives in residence" for on-campus visits lasting as little as one day.
What counts, the school says, is that students get an up-close look at executive leadership.
"Our goal is to expose students, for them to be able to say they got to spend one-on-one time with the CEO of this company or that company," says Andrea Sardone, Mason's chief marketing officer. That school also runs a separate mentoring program that pairs 125 local retired executives with students.
Some executives relish spending lots of time on campus. Ron Ashkenas, a senior partner at Schaffer Consulting in Stamford, Conn., will move to Berkeley, Calif., next semester to serve as an executive fellow at the Haas School of Business of the University of California, Berkeley, alongside John Hanke, a vice president at Google Inc., and Tom Kelley, general manager at IDEO, a design and innovation consulting firm.
The program informally requires about five to 10 hours a year, but Mr. Ashkenas, 62, is already planning to conduct workshops on change management, deliver guest lectures and meet with students, all while maintaining client relationships at Schaffer Consulting and writing a book.
Some schools also try to teach retired executives a thing or two. Mason trains some executive partners on Facebook and LinkedIn so they can advise students on using social networks for the job hunt.
Write to Melissa Korn at firstname.lastname@example.com
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German Vogue Has Pictures Of Naked Skinny People Without Photoshop [NSFW]
I know, I know. I'm supposed to be really excited that Vogue didn't use Photoshop and ran a completely "unvarnished, unadulterated, pure" photo shoot from Peter Lindbergh. I promise, I really do appreciate it when a magazine chooses to forgo all the crazy retouching and curve-smoothing (or eliminating) that normally happens in mags.
But does anyone else feel like all this gratuitous nudity is a little like when plus-size models are constantly photographed without their clothes on?
Instead of just letting models go unretouched, we have to create this huge fanfare about the bravery of nudity without photo editing.
This wasn't a fashion spread, it was an exercise in beautiful photography. For one thing, there's barely any clothes. The shoot used not just models, but also actors and the Editor-In-Chief herself, Christiane Arp. It's gorgeous, but it doesn't change anything about the use of retouching and Photoshop in the fashion industry.
The whole point of this photo spread is that it doesn't use Photoshop. That's nice, but it's not the same thing as embracing realistic images in your magazine as an everyday practice. These naked ladies in all their real-life glory are the exception, not the rule. And that makes the whole thing ring a little hollow to me.
(via Jezebel)


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The list continues to grow with companies, individuals and other vendors withdrawing from the annual Eastern Sports and Outdoor Show in Pennsylvania with less than 10 days to the event's scheduled opening.
By Alan Clemons, Managing Editor
Known as "the Harrisburg show," the ESOS is one of the largest and most popular expos in
the hunting, shooting and outdoors industry. Major and regional companies, celebrity speakers and thousands of attendees attend each year to see the latest hunting apparel, clothing, ammunition, archery gear and more, along with seminars on everything from hunting big game to small game and predators. More than 1,200 exhibitors had registered for the Feb. 2-10 show.
But this year, Reed Exhibitions – the British company that owns and promotes the show – announced it would not permit AR-style rifles – "black" or Modern Sporting Rifles – to be in the show. The promoters said they wanted to "take a break for a year" due to the current climate surrounding the AR-style firearms in the wake of the Sandy Hook tragedy and others.
That set off a firestorm of backlash from exhibitors and supporters of the Second Amendment. Whatever Reed Exhibitions hoped for in regard to its popular show, which it billed as a "family-oriented" and "hunting-focused" event with "firearms that serve the traditional needs of the sport," was swiftly and is increasingly falling apart due to its decision.
BREAKING NEWS From the National Wild Turkey Federation: The National Wild Turkey Federation has withdrawn from the Eastern Sports and Outdoor Show in Harrisburg, Pa., due to the decision to ban the display of modern sporting rifles.
As a leading advocate for the preservation of our hunting heritage, the NWTF believes it is an important time to take a clear stance on its support of sportsmen and the Second Amendment and the clear link between the two.
The NWTF has canceled its booth space and will be rescheduling the NWTF sanctioned calling contest that was slated to take place at the Eastern Sports and Outdoor Show once a suitable venue is determined.
"We feel strongly about the importance of the Second Amendment in pursuit of our mission of preserving out hunting heritage," said Skip Motts, President of the NWTF Pennsylvania State Chapter. "We reached out to our chapters from across the state and received overwhelming support for taking this stand."
The NWTF works to pass on the right to hunt to future generations, including reducing legal barriers to creating new hunters and introducing almost 100,000 people to outdoor sports annually. The right to bear arms is another pillar of the hunting tradition that the NWTF fully supports. The efforts to preserve our hunting heritage can be undone if new barriers to hunting are created by limiting the tools that the vast majority of sportsmen depend on to hunt.
The NWTF will host its National Convention and Sport Show in Nashville Tenn., from Feb. 15-17. The NWTF welcomes any attendees or exhibitors to consider coming to the NWTF Convention and Sport Show.
The NWTF is working to add booths to the already sold out show in an attempt to accommodate companies that have decided to change plans about exhibiting at the Eastern Sports and Outdoor Show. Contact April Flowers at email@example.com for information on reserving a booth.
BREAKING NEWS From the National Rifle Association: "Due to Reed Exhibitions' refusal to reconsider their decision to ban Modern Sporting Rifles from the February 2-10 Eastern Sports Show in Harrisburg, PA, the National Rifle Association has decided to withdraw from the show. We had called on Reed Exhibitions to reconsider their decision; unfortunately they have steadfastly refused to do so. As a result, the NRA will not be participating in the upcoming show in Harrisburg or in any other shows hosted by Reed Exhibitions that maintain this policy. We are disappointed that Reed Exhibitions has ignored the concerns expressed by attendees, the outdoor industry and the NRA in not reconsidering their position to ban the display of Modern Sporting Rifles."
BREAKING NEWS From O.F. Mossberg & Sons: O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc, America's oldest, family-owned firearms manufacturer, today announces that the company will not attend or support the 2013 Eastern Sports and Outdoor Show in Harrisburg, Pa., due to Reed Exhibitions' continued refusal to reconsider their decision to ban Modern Sporting Rifles. The company in good conscience cannot attend or endorse this year's show.
Our company's position on the Second Amendment is unwavering and steadfast, therefore, we are unable to support any organization or event that prohibits the display or sale of legal firearms. We stand united with our loyal customers and supporters in this constitutional right and had only hoped for a different outcome.
BREAKING NEWS TenPoint Crossbow Technologies says it is withdrawing, and offers its employees Lifetime Membership to the NRA – CLICK HERE
Dozens Are Leaving in Protest
To date, dozens of companies, exhibitors and seminar speakers or hunting personalities have withdrawn from the show. The list is long and varied (see below) but the refrain is the same: We support the Second Amendment, firearms for sporting and hunting use, and do not agree with the decision to ban certain firearms or accessories from the show.
It's not just firearms dealers or hunters, either. The International Bowhunters Organization, Athens Archery, Bear, Bowhunting.com, Easton, Kinsey's, Excalibur, TenPoint, Hoyt, Lancaster Archery Supply and other bowhunting companies or groups are supporting their firearms bretheren. Predator companies including FoxPro and the Pennsylvania Trappers Association, among others, also backed out.
Even an Olympic gold medalist – Jamie Gray, who competes in the 3×20 rifle – announced Tuesday night she is not attending. Gray made the statement on Facebook and also at MyNortheastOutdoors.com (click here) and said, in part, "My decision is due to what I feel would be an inability as an Olympic athlete to represent my sport, industry and USA Shooting teammates in the best possible manner given the political climate that will be present as a result of the decisions that have been made."
If nothing else, this decision has galvanized the hunting and outdoors industry unlike anything in recent years outside of legislative politics. The decision by Reed Exhibitions will have a long-lasting effect not only on the industry but also within Harrisburg due to the economic hit that will be experienced over the course of the show.
Catch The Latest Today on Deer Talk Now
The issue will be discussed on Deer Talk Now today, with hosts Dan Schmidt and Brian Lovett of Deer & Deer Hunting providing their take on the situation along with the latest news.
Rick Bednar of TenPoint Crossbow Technologies and Pat Reeve of Driven TV will be special guests today on the show.
Deer Talk Now airs at 12 p.m. CT from Deer & Deer Hunting headquarters in Iola, Wis. The one-hour live webcast features issues related to deer and deer hunting, including news items such as the Harrisburg situation.
Reports have circulated that Reed Exhibitions may issue a statement – its first about the controversy since the story broke earlier this week – and if so, we'll have it on Deer Talk Now.
Additionally, we'll have a recap of the SHOT Show and Archery Trade Association show with discussion of some of the top products and trends from the shows. Both were held in the last two weeks and featured the newest hunting gear that will be arriving soon in stores.
Read The Earlier Reports
D&DH contributor Keri Butt was one of the first to report on many of the exhibitors and personalities withdrawing from the show.
Read her story here to catch up on the earlier reports with comments from some of those who decided to pull out of the show.
Here are some statements from companies that announced Tuesday their withdrawal:
Smith & Wesson Withdraws
Smith & Wesson, a U.S. based leader in firearm manufacturing and design, today announced that the Company will not attend nor will it support or participate in the 2013 Eastern Sports and Outdoor Show in Harrisburg, Pa.
The announcement comes after the decision of show management company, Reed Exhibitions, to prohibit the display of modern sporting rifles in this year's event.
James Debney, President and CEO of Smith & Wesson, said, "As a market leader in the firearm industry and an iconic brand that spans 160 years of American history, we believe it is important to make our position perfectly clear: We support the Second Amendment and the rights of our law-abiding customers to purchase these and all legal firearms.
Therefore, we are unable to support any organization or event that prohibits legal firearms, or otherwise restricts a citizen's lawful and constitutional rights."
Ruger Says No
Ruger has decided not to attend the upcoming Eastern Sports Show.
We are very frustrated by Reed Exhibitions' foolish decision to ban the display of modern sporting rifles. We feel that, as one of America's firearms manufacturers, we must withdraw from the show as a commitment to the 2nd Amendment rights of our customers.
Nonetheless, we are very disappointed not to be attending the Eastern Sports Show.
We were looking forward to attending the show for the first time this year and meeting and supporting the 200,000+ sportsmen and women that attend this great celebration of the outdoors. We hope the show will be successful for the many outfitters and other vendors who depend on the show for their annual business.
Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation is out
Due to recent decisions instituted by Reed Exhibitions regarding the disallowing of legal modern sporting rifles, the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation will withdraw as an exhibitor and conductor of the elk calling contest from the Eastern Sports and Outdoor Show in Pennsylvania.
RMEF believes the actions taken by Reed, a British company, are detrimental to the Second Amendment and our right as Americans to bear arms.
RMEF reached this decision after careful deliberations and taking into account the stance of our members, volunteers, industry partners and fellow hunters.
We urge Reed Exhibitions to reconsider its policies to avoid a divisive and political atmosphere so RMEF can take part in an event that generates needed revenue for important on-the-ground conservation and hunting heritage projects in the region.
Summit Also Drops Out
Due to the recent changes in policies made by the "Reed Exhibition Center" in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Summit Treestands has withdrawn from the Eastern Outdoor Show. We know there will be some disappointed people who were planning on attending the show to come by and see us but we trust that you will respect and understand our decision. We stand by every law abiding American and our Second Amendment right.
List of Withdrawals
This is a working list that has been amended and added to, based on reports about companies and individuals who have withdrawn from the show.
2 Million Bullets
24/7 Hunting TV
Abner Druckenmiller
Alaska's Ravencroft Lodge
Alaskan Outdoors TV
Ambush Firearms
American Whitetails of PA
Antler Insanity
Apex Tactical
Appalachian Big Game TV
Arrowhead Outdoors
Athens Archery
Atlantic Tactical
Avian X Decoys
Bangin Redhedz Turkey Gear
Bear Archery
Blitz TV
Bohning Archery
Boondock Outdoors
Bow Hunter's Den
Bow Life, LLC
BowHunter Planet
Bowhunting. com
Camo Addiction
Campbell Cameras
Cochrane River Outfitters
Cody Turkey Calls
Cold Steel Knives
Combative Edge
Continental Divide Outfitters
Cross Canyon Arms
Cutting Edge Bullets
Darkwoods Blind
Dead Ringer
Direct Action Tactical Firearms
Dirty Dog Outdoors
Domari Nolo Defense Consulting
Dominance is Everything Hunting System
Dominator 365
Down N Dirty Outdoors
Driven TV
Droptine Outfitters
DuckWater Boats
Eastern Chapter Wild Sheep Foundation
Eastern Outdoors
Easton Bow Hunting
Excalibur Crossbow US, Inc
Farmland Trophies Outfitting
Fear No Evil
Field Proven Calls
Firearms Industry Consulting Group
Flatline Productions
Foiles Migrators, Inc
Forbes Turkey Calls
FOXPRO High Performance Game Calls
Full Circle Outdoors
Furtakers TV
Ghost River Outfitters – Alberta
Gone Wild Outdoors
Goodling Rifles
Gut N Tag, LLC
H.S. Specialities
Heartland Whitetails
High Lonesome Outfitters
Hoyt Archery Inc
Hunter Safety Systems
Hunter Specialties w/ Rick White
Hunters and Guides Connection
Hunters Comfort, LLC
Hunter's Specialties
Huntin' Is Good! TV
IceHole Coolers
International Bowhunting Organization
Iron Kin Hunt Club
J & M Traditions
Jim Zumbo
Keystone Country Store
Keystone Elk Country Alliance
King of the Mountain Inc.
Kinsey's Outdoors
Lancaster Archery Supply
Major League Bowhunter
Men in Treestands Productions
Midwest Whitetail Adventures
Mindful of Nature LLC
Mountain Dog Chews
Muddy Outdoors
Muskie Moose, LLC
NasHunt Outdoors
Nature Blinds, LLC
NasHunt Outdoors
Northern Hideaway Outfitters
Northern Outdoor Lodge
Northern Wilderness Outfitters
Old Goat Outdoors
Open Season TV
Outdoor Channel Outfitters
Outdoor Edge Knives
Outdoor Specialist Grou
Ozonics Hunting
PA Federation of Sportsmen's Clubs
PA Taxidermist Association, Inc
Pat Strawser Custom Calls
Pennsylvania Trappers Assoc.
Perry's No Peep Archery Site
Pipeline Ridge Hunting Preserve
Primal Urge Outdoors
Proc's Huntin Buddy
PSE Archery
Radical Hunter
Ranew's Outdoor Equipment
Red Star Arms
Revolution Hunting
Rhino Outdoors
Rougeaux Taxidermy
Savage Outdoors
S & W Outfitter
SecureIt Tactical
Skull Shine
Smith & Weson
Southern Game Calls
Spook Span
Sportsmen of North America TV
State Line Bone Mine
Staudt's Gun Shop
Stay Ready Inc
Stokerized Stabilizers
Susquehanna River Waterfowlers Assoc
Table Mountain Outfitters
Team Overkill
Thompson Center
The Bear Whisperer
The Outdoor Loop
The State Line Bone Mine a NW Missouri and Iowa outfitter
The Warmbag
Timberline Outfitters
TNT Archery
Tough Country
Trijicon, Inc
Triple Mag TV
Trop Gun Shop
Turnbull Manufacturing
U Slide Bow Hunter
Ultimate Camo
Umax Outdoors
Upper Canyon Outfitters
Wallaston Lake Lodge
Tex Mex Outdoors
The Warmbag
Watson Air Lock
Watt's Truck Center
Whitetail Bosses
Whitetail Freaks
Whitetail Heaven Outdoors
Wild Outdoors
Wired Outdoors
Woodcock Limited of Pennsylvania
Wyvern Creations
X-Stand Treestands
Zink Calls
Zook Cabins
Speaker / Celebrites Pulled Out
Abner Druckenmiller – Furtakers TV
Angie & Scott Denny – THE LIFE at Table Mountain
Blaine Anthony, The Bear Whisperer
Bob Folkrod
Bob Mercier
Chris Brackett
Eddie Salter
Fred Eichler – Fulldraw Outfitters
Jay Gregory
Jim and Eva Shockey
Larry Weishuhn
Lee & Tiffany Lakosky "The Crush"
Matt Morett
Michael Waddell
Pat & Nicole Reeve
Ralph & Vicki Cianciarulo – Archers Choice
Stan Potts
The Bone Collector
Tom Dokken
Trent Cole


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Stockton, CA
DeLoris Irene Volk
November 25, 1930 - June 23, 2013
DeLoris Irene Volk, age 82, of Stockton, CA, passed away on Sunday, June 23, 2013 in Stockton, CA. She was born on November 25, 1930 in North
Dakota to her
parents, Otto and Gladys Bruning.
DeLoris was the second of five children. She married Anthony Volk in North Dakota on October 9, 1948. They had five children. She was a resident of Stockton, CA for 55 years. She was employed by SUSD as a Cafeteria Manager. DeLoris was a member of St.
Edwards Catholic Church. She
enjoyed reading, shopping and spending time with her family.
DeLoris will be remembered by her loving children: Lucie (Al), Shiela (Garland), Valerie, Tom (Kerry) and Dean. She is also survived by two sisters Peggy Winter and Carolyn Bruning; 11 grandchildren and 10 great-grandchildren. Predeceased in death by her loving husband of 49 years Anthony. There will be a graveside service for DeLoris on Friday, June 28, 2013 at 1:00 pm at Cherokee Memorial Cemetery Harney Ln. at Hwy 99. In lieu of flowers, please send donations to Hospice of San Joaquin, 3888 Pacific Ave., Stockton CA. Please sign guestbook at www.deyoungchapels.com


text:
Introduction to the Pelvic Triangle Part 1
With Special Introduction By Dr. Paul Callaway.
Former PGA Physical Therapist
From one who is considered among the nation's top teachers comes A Master Teacher's Secrets To Accelerated Golf Performance, an informative and practical guide to achieving success in golf.
Joe Thiel has spent 40 years helping others learn and enjoy the game of golf.He is one of only a few golf professionals in the U.S. who has earned the prestigious PGA Master Professional designation. The local PGA region has honored him as the PGA Teacher of the Year three times - in 1993, 1995, and 1997. He was also inducted into the Mercer County Hall of Fame in 1999, and into the 'Millennium Who's Who in America.' Golf Magazine has also honored Joe with the title of Top 100 Teachers in America for many years and Golf Driving Range Magazine has also honored him as one of the top 50 Teachers in America. More About Joe.


text:
BVBA VR Construct v. Jurenco Equipment B.V., District Court The Hague, The Netherlands, 26 May 2010, Case No. HA ZA 08-2766
Belgian and European patent on a brush and method for manufacturing such a brush. The District Court defers its decision as far as it concerns the question regarding infringement of the Belgian patent and the foreign parts of the European patent, since Jurenco alleges invalidity of those patents (with reference to GAT/LuK en Roche/Primus).
A decloratory judgment of non-infringement based on the argument that the patent is invalid due to lack of inventive step can also only be given for brushes sold in the Netherlands as the Court is not competent to rule on the validity of the foreign (part of the Eureopean) patent.
Serving a writ of summons based on a patent that is not yet granted is allowable (contrary to an earlier decision by the Judge in preliminary injunction proceedings). It suffices that the patent is granted at the moment the judgment is rendered. The patent was found to be invalid due to lack of inventive step.
Read the judgment (in Dutch) here.


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MARS HILL, N.C. – The Coker women's basketball team lost a close 57-54 South Atlantic Conference game on Saturday (Dec. 14) to Mars Hill. With the loss the Cobras drop to 5-3 on the season and 3-2 in the SAC.
In the waning minutes of the game, Mars Hill went on a 7-0 run to take the lead from Coker and eventually the game. With just over three minutes remaining in regulation, the Cobras had a four point advantage. However a Mars Hills three followed by a pair of free throws would give the Lions a slight 55-54 lead with just nine seconds remaining. Two more made free throws in the final second would then preserve the win for Mars Hill.
Hailey Yohn led the game in scoring with 18 points. Yohn went 7-of-12 from the field, including going 4-of-6 from deep. Jessica Cohen was the next leading scorer for the Cobras with 16 points. Cohen also had eight rebounds. Tanesha Stenson had the game high 13 rebounds, and a team high seven assists for the Cobras.
Coker will return home for the next competition, as they host GRU Augusta on Saturday (Nov. 21). Game time is set for 2:00 p.m.


text:
MICKEY Lewis insisted his focus was only on getting Oxford United back on track amid increasing agitation about the club's search for a new manager.
Calls for action grew louder on Saturday with a 3-0 defeat at Chesterfield, which saw Tom Newey and Michael Raynes sent off late on.
The U's ended the game with eight men, as Johnny Mullins was stretchered off with a foot injury after all the substitutes had been used.
It left United winless in six games as their place in the Sky Bet League Two play-offs increasingly comes under threat.
The away fans on Saturday chanted for chairman Ian Lenagan to make a decision, seven weeks after Chris Wilder left the club.
United's chairman was watching the game, but declined requests to comment on the situation.
Lewis, whose record as caretaker manager is two wins from 11 games, was only able to reiterate that his aims were on what happens on the pitch.
"I can't keep stressing it enough, it's not about me," he said.
"People can have their opinions. I'm happy doing it, I want us to win the next game and that's all that matters."
United's odds of taking something from the game lengthened significantly following a terrible start.
David Hunt and Deane Smalley gifted the league leaders a 2-0 lead, and Lewis was concerned by individual errors.
He said: "It's got nothing to do with formation, or shape, or personnel, we just gave two awful goals away and it puts yourself on the back foot.
"If you're playing top of the league and you're 2-0 down after 15 minutes it's always going to be difficult."
Raynes was dismissed for two clumsy challenges, but Newey received a straight red card for a reckless tackle.
Lewis was disappointed and now faces a defensive headache for Friday's home game against Hartlepool United, which Mullins is also likely to miss.
Lewis said: "It's a poor challenge by Tommy and as an experienced player it shouldn't happen.
"It's frustration and people lacking in confidence."


text:
I love having people in my home. I love talking with them, hearing their stories and "doing life" with them. Friends and family make my world go 'round, and I love being able to have them in my home. This holiday season, we have several gatherings planned and we are hosting family for Christmas this year too.
I am thrilled to be adding several items from the Redeemed and Blessed Christmas entertaining line to my Christmas collection, including the chip and dip bowl that you see pictured above. I'm so grateful to have some fantastic holiday serving dishes in my pantry. Here's a peek at what I received:
- Redeemed Cereamic Candy Dish
- Redeemed Chip and Dip Dish
- Redeemed Divided Dish
- Christmas Kitchen Accessory Set, including the apron, pot holders and tea towels
- Christmas Trivet
So who wants to come over and enjoy some snacks with me?! Also, I wanted to share some of the great deals that Dayspring has going on right now…check them out below.
Dayspring Offers
- Free Shipping on orders over $50
- Christmas Cards- Buy 2 Get 1 Free!
- $20 off $70 Coupon – Enter code 20off70 at checkout!
- 25% Off Your Order – Enter code HolidayBash2013 at checkout!
(Note, you can't use both coupon codes on the same order. If you have a smaller order, use the 25% off. If you have an order over $70, use the $20 off coupon code!)
Contest Details
1. Contest ends Monday, November 25th at 3 pm EST. Winners will be announced back here on this post, and notified via email with further instructions.
- Entry #1: Leave a comment sharing what products you'd love to have from Dayspring. (Bop on over to browse!)
- Entry #2: Repin something from the $5 Dinners Pinterest boards.
- Entry #3: Tweet the following: Enter to win a $100 @dayspring Gift Card from @5dollardinners! http://bit.ly/DSGive #wingiveaways
- Entry #4: Hang out with us on Facebook.
- Entry #5: Join our free email newsletter, or get RSS updates in your feed reader.
2. Please leave separate comments for each entry. Winner will be selected by Random.org.
These lovely blogs are joining me this week and are also offering this giveaway! Feel free to hop on over to their sites and enter their giveaway as well by clicking on the links below.
- Bargain Babe
- Bargain Briana
- Beauty & Bedlam
- Frugal Coupon Living
- Moms Need to Know
- Saving Cents with Sense
- Savings Lifestyle
- Stretching a Buck
- The Happy Housewife


text:
Thanks for helping us sort this video!
Thanks for helping us associate the correct Pornstars to this video!
Aiutaci: queste pornostar appaiono in questo video?
Pornstar Name:
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First Page
The seven-hundred and sixty-second volume of the Archives of Maryland series contains certificates
of freedom as recorded by the Prince George's County Court from 1806-1829. The Archives of Maryland
volume was published in 2008. Records in this volume are indexed by
Volume 365, Searching for Ancestors Who Were Slaves. For more information about African
American research at the Maryland State Archives, please visit our
Study of the Legacy of Slavery in Maryland.
Additional freedom records for Prince George's County which are available online include:
Volume 763 - Prince George's County, Freedom Affidavits, 1810-1850 and 1852-1862
Volume 764 - Prince George's County, Certificates of Freedom, Original, 1831-1863
This information resource of the Maryland State Archives is presented here for fair use in the public domain. When this material is used, in whole or in part, proper citation and credit must be attributed to the Maryland State Archives. PLEASE NOTE: Rights assessment for associated source material is the responsibility of the user.
An Archives of Maryland electronic publication. For information contact


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No. 93,823
1. We distinguish this case from State v. Patten, 280 Kan. 385, 122 P.3d 350 (2005), which adopted a strict elements test for determining multiplicity, because Patten did not address the single act of violence rule of multiplicity.
2. Kansas has long recognized the merger of crimes when they arise from a single act of violence.
3. Under the facts of this case the defendant's convictions for aggravated assault merged into the convictions for aggravated battery and were multiplicitous because they arose from a single act of violence.
4. No party may assign as error the giving or failure to give an instruction, including a lesser included crime instruction, unless the party objects thereto before the jury retires to consider its verdict, stating distinctly the matter to which the party objects and the grounds of the objection, unless the instruction or the failure to give an instruction is clearly erroneous.
5. Instructions are clearly erroneous only if the reviewing court is firmly convinced there is a real possibility that the jury would have rendered a different verdict if the error had not occurred.
Appeal from Seward District Court; T. KEITH WILSON, judge. Opinion filed March 3, 2006. Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded.
Jay Witt and Brent Getty, assistant appellate defenders, for appellant.
Don L. Scott, county attorney, and Phill Kline, attorney general, for appellee.
Before HILL, P.J., GREENE, J., and BUKATY, S.J.
HILL, J.: In this case we must decide whether Tiffany Bolden could be convicted of both intentional aggravated battery and aggravated assault when she rammed her car into the car in which her husband was riding with his mistress. Because Bolden's convictions arose from a single act of violence--ramming her car into the other car--we hold that her aggravated assault convictions are multiplicitous with the aggravated battery convictions, and we reverse and remand.
Furthermore, we disagree with Bolden's argument that the trial court should have given jury instructions for reckless aggravated battery or misdemeanor battery based on reckless conduct. We hold that because those crimes require the State to prove some type of bodily harm and the facts of this case reveal no bodily harm, the court did not err by not giving such instructions.
Background Facts
There is no dispute about the facts of this case. After dining with her estranged husband, Derrick, Bolden dropped him off at his brother's residence. Later that evening Derrick was riding in a car driven by his mistress, Glenda Plunk. They were the only people in the car. Bolden followed them for awhile. Bolden flashed her lights at them, pulled her car alongside Plunk's car, and eventually rammed her car into Plunk's, forcing it to the side of the road.
After Derrick got out of the car to inspect it for damage, Bolden got out of her vehicle and tried to coax him into returning with her. Derrick refused and got back into the car with Plunk. This time, while Plunk was driving toward the police station, Bolden rammed her car into Plunk's car a second time. Without stopping, Plunk finally reached safety at the police station. She had previously obtained a protection order against Bolden.
Tiffany Bolden was convicted of two counts of intentional aggravated battery, two counts of aggravated assault, one count of criminal damage to property, one count of violation of a protection order, and one count of reckless driving.
Aggravated Battery and Aggravated Assault Convictions
Bolden argues that her convictions, two counts of aggravated battery and two counts of aggravated assault, are multiplicitous. The frequently cited definition of multiplicity warns against charging a single offense in several counts:
"Multiplicity is the charging of a single offense in several counts of a complaint or information. The reason multiplicity must be considered is that it creates the potential for multiple punishments for a single offense in violation of the Double Jeopardy Clause of the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution and section 10 of the Kansas Constitution Bill of Rights." State v. Robbins, 272 Kan. 158, 171, 32 P.3d 171 (2001).
Even though Bolden did not raise this issue at trial, multiplicity is one of the arguments that can be raised for the first time on appeal. See State v. Groves, 278 Kan. 302, 303-04, 95 P.3d 95 (2004).
Recently, our Supreme Court has addressed the issue of multiplicity in State v. Patten, 280 Kan. 385, 122 P.3d 350 (2005).The court adopted a strict elements test in order to determine multiplicity:
"The test to determine whether the charges in a complaint or information are multiplicitous is whether each offense requires proof of an element not necessary to prove the other offense. If so, the charges stemming from a single act are not multiplicitous." Patten, 280 Kan. 385, Syl. ¶ 3.
If a strict elements test is used in this case, it is clear that Bolden's convictions are not multiplicitous. A review of the instructions revealed that the State was required to prove, in part: "That the defendant intentionally caused physical contact with Glenda Plunk in a rude, insulting or angry manner with a deadly weapon whereby great bodily harm, disfigurement, or death can be inflicted." The same language was used in the aggravated battery instruction relating to Derrick. In contrast, the jury instruction on aggravated assault required the State to prove, in part: "That the Defendant intentionally placed Glenda Plunk in reasonable apprehension of immediate bodily harm." Once again, the same language was used in the aggravated assault instruction relating to Derrick.
Thus, it is apparent that the crimes of aggravated battery and aggravated assault each have different elements. For aggravated battery, the State must prove that the defendant made physical contact with the victim. No such showing is required for aggravated assault. For aggravated assault, the State must prove that the victim was placed in "reasonable apprehension of immediate bodily harm." No such showing is required to support an aggravated battery conviction. Accordingly, the elements of aggravated battery and aggravated assault are different. Thus, aggravated battery and aggravated assault are not multiplicitous under the strict elements test used in Patten.
But the Patten court did not discuss how its new test affects the "single act of violence" aspect of multiplicity. We distinguish this case from Patten for that reason. The most recent case dealing with this, Groves, describes how the defendant grabbed the victim's purse from her in a parking lot. During the struggle, the victim was thrown to the ground and consequently suffered a fractured sacrum. The jury convicted Groves of aggravated robbery and aggravated battery. Groves appealed, arguing his convictions were multiplicitous because they arose out of the same act of violence. The court stated that Kansas has recognized some form of the "single act of violence" paradigm for years. Therefore, under the specific facts of the case, the single act of violence test applied and controlled, "especially since the pushing down and purse robbing did not just occur at 'approximately the same time and place,' but apparently they were both virtually contained in one physical motion." 278 Kan. at 307.
Under the authority of State v. Warren, 252 Kan. 169, 843 P.2d 224 (1992), and State v. Vontress, 266 Kan. 248, 970 P.2d 42 (1998), the court determined the conviction for aggravated battery must be set aside. Groves, 278 Kan. at 307-08.
In Warren, the court reversed an aiding and abetting aggravated battery conviction because it found the convictions for aggravated robbery and aggravated battery multiplicitous when the same act of violence provided the basis for each conviction. Warren was the driver of the car taking two women from the scene of the crime after they forcibly took the victim's purse, knocking her to the ground and causing injuries.
In Vontress, the court determined convictions for aggravated robbery and aggravated battery were multiplicitous because the same act of violence--the shooting of the victim--was used to prove both crimes. Even though the victim sustained two gunshot wounds, because there was no distinction made in the charging instrument or the jury instructions between which shot supported the bodily harm element in the aggravated battery count and which supported the aggravated robbery count, the convictions were multiplicitous. The Vontress court stated that the test "concerning whether a single transaction may constitute two separate and distinct offenses is whether the same evidence is required to sustain each charge. If not, the fact that both charges relate to and grow out of the same transaction does not preclude convictions and sentences for both charges. [Citation omitted.]" 266 Kan. at 256.
Kansas has long recognized the merger of crimes when they arise from a "single act of violence." This paradigm is exemplified in State v. Cathey, 241 Kan. 715, 717-18, 741 P.2d 738 (1987). Cathey and his brother beat and shot the victim because they believed he had beaten their brother. Cathey was convicted of aggravated battery and attempted murder but appealed arguing his convictions were multiplicitous. The court held:
"Where there is only one victim and two acts of violence--a beating and a shooting--occurring at approximately the same time and place, the person who inflicts such injuries cannot be charged with both aggravated battery and attempted murder. To hold otherwise would be inconsistent with our reasoning in Garnes that when a series of violent acts occurs simultaneously, it is multiplicitous to charge both aggravated battery and attempted first-degree murder." 241 Kan. at 719-20.
In Garnes, the court determined the aggravated battery conviction charged in Count I was not multiplicitous with the attempted murder conviction because the shooting that supported the aggravated battery conviction occurred at an earlier time and place. The shooting was a separate and distinct act from the stabbing, running over, and abandoning that later occurred in a different location. However, since the stabbing that supported the aggravated battery conviction charged in Count II occurred simultaneous with running over the victim and abandoning her, the aggravated battery by stabbing conviction was multiplicitous with the attempted murder conviction. 229 Kan. at 373-74.
Furthermore, in Lassley, cited by Bolden here, the court held that the defendant's aggravated assault conviction was duplicitous with his kidnapping and rape convictions. According to the court, the act relied upon for the aggravated assault conviction was a single continuous transaction in which two crimes--kidnapping and rape--were committed. State v. Lassley, 218 Kan. 758, 762, 545 P.2d 383 (1996); cf. State v. Fulton, 28 Kan. App. 2d 815, 823, 23 P.3d 167, rev. denied 271 Kan. 1039 (2001) ("Duplicity is the joining in a single count of a complaint two or more distinct and separate offenses.").
The two acts of violence here, Bolden ramming her car twice, several minutes apart, into the car driven by Plunk, were used to support four convictions--two aggravated battery counts and two aggravated assault counts. By applying the single act of violence paradigm here, Bolden can be convicted of the two counts of aggravated battery but not the two counts of aggravated assault because they merged into the more serious offenses of the aggravated battery counts.
No Instruction Error
Bolden claims the trial court erred by failing to instruct the jury on lesser included offenses of aggravated battery. She did not request any such instructions from the trial court. The statute dealing with this, K.S.A. 2005 Supp. 22-3414(3), requires us to then apply a clearly erroneous standard of review:
"No party may assign as error the giving or failure to give an instruction, including a lesser included crime instruction, unless the party objects thereto before the jury retires to consider its verdict stating distinctly the matter to which the party objects and the grounds of the objection unless the instruction or the failure to give an instruction is clearly erroneous." (Emphasis added.)
"'Instructions are clearly erroneous only if the reviewing court is firmly convinced there is a real possibility that the jury would have rendered a different verdict if the error had not occurred.' [Citations omitted.]" State v. Shirley, 277 Kan. 659, 666, 89 P.3d 649 (2004).
Here, Bolden claims that since she was charged and convicted of intentional aggravated battery as well as reckless driving, the jury should have been instructed on reckless aggravated battery or misdemeanor battery based on reckless conduct, which are less severe offenses than intentional aggravated battery. An examination of the relevant statutes shows that the defendant's claim lacks merit.
Bolden was convicted of aggravated battery under K.S.A. 21-3414(a)(1)(C). This statute states that aggravated battery is "intentionally causing physical contact with another person when done in a rude, insulting or angry manner with a deadly weapon, or in any manner whereby great bodily harm, disfigurement or death can be inflicted." Going on, K.S.A. 21-3414(a)(2) details how reckless conduct can constitute aggravated battery:
"(A) recklessly causing great bodily harm to another person or disfigurement of another person; or
"(B) recklessly causing bodily harm to another person with a deadly weapon, or in any manner whereby great bodily harm, disfigurement or death can be inflicted."
Additionally, in order to prove simple battery based on reckless conduct, the State must show that the defendant recklessly caused bodily harm to another person. K.S.A. 2005 Supp. 21-3412(a)(1).
All of the statutes that define how reckless conduct can constitute battery or aggravated battery require the State to prove some type of bodily harm. The facts of this case show that Plunk and Derrick did not suffer bodily harm as a result of Bolden's conduct. As a result, there is little chance that the jury would have returned a different verdict had the additional instructions been given. Thus, Bolden's argument fails because this is not clear error.
Affirmed in part, aggravated assault convictions reversed, and case remanded.


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Amazon Rainforest - Extension
|Overview • Detailed Itinerary • FAQ's • Testimonials
Please note:
Kapawi Lodge
About Achuar people...
La Selva Jungle Lodge
Please note:
This program is run as an extension, and is therefore non-exclusive to ElderTreks. You will be joined by travelers from many other parts of the world and various age groups.
Kapawi Lodge
The Kapawi Project began in 1993. The goal was to commence a new trend in eco- tourism by providing a means of economic support and jobs to the Achuar people located in Kapawi as well as in other communities while protecting their cultural and environmental Reserve. By 2011, all installations will belong entirely to the Achuar Indians. The lodge accommodates up to 40 visitors and was built in accordance to the Achuar concept or architecture (not a single nail was used!). All buildings have high peaked thatched roofs and are built on stilts at the edge of the lagoon. Achua is the name of one of the four groups of the linguistic family Jivaro (Achuar, Shuar, Aguaruna and Huambisa). At the beginning of the 1970s the Achuar were the only Jivaros who had not suffered any loss of culture due to contact with the western world.
About Achuar people...
Archeological remains found in the zone indicated that other groups prior to the Achuar lived in the area. They formed part of the Pastaza Phase. During 2200 and 1100 A.C. ceramic remains were demonstrating geometric designs in their work. As well as other indigenous communities of the
La Selva Jungle Lodge
La Selva which in Spanish means "the jungle" is necessarily remote but one of the most easily reached destinations in Ecuador's Amazon and ideal for avid travelers requiring fixed travel dates.
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MLB Backs Down When Someone It Bullies Explains Fair Use To Them
from the well,-that's-better-than-the-alternative dept
For years now, Major League Baseball's online division, MLB.com, has been over aggressive in claiming ownership and control over anything associated with Major League Baseball -- even though court after court has told them they don't get to control everything. However, MLB just keeps on claiming ownership of things anyway, such as sending out various DMCA takedown notices to YouTube for any clip of baseball put up by anyone else. Larry Lessig has the story, though, of one fan who fought back and filed a detailed counterclaim about how his video was fair use and MLB was repeatedly abusing its power in damaging ways. Amazingly, not only did MLB relent, it featured the video it had just demanded get taken down on its own blog. To be honest, there's a chance that the two things are unrelated, and the blogger had no idea that the parent company's lawyers were trying to shut down the video -- but the story is a good reminder that if someone is overreaching in their takedown attempts, it can be effective to respond with a counternotice that clearly states the issues.


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