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BISC209/S11: Lab4
- 1 Culture-Independent Identification of Soil Community Bacteria
- 2 Amplification of Bacterial Genomic DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction to ID Soil Unculturable Flora
- 3 Part A: PCR Amplification of 16s rRNA genes from Universal Bacterial Primers
- 4 Part B: Clean Up of pcr product using Epoch BIoLabs GenCatch PCR CleanUp Kit
- 5 Part C: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of Clean PCR PRODUCT
- 6 Culture-Dependent Soil Bacterial Community Physiological Profiling
- 8 Assignment
- 9 Links to Labs
Culture-Independent Identification of Soil Community Bacteria
Amplification of Bacterial Genomic DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction to ID Soil Unculturable Flora
The genomic DNA extraction that we did in Lab2 has, no doubt, resulted in a mixed DNA population from a myriad of microorganisms as well as, probably, from plants, insects, or other life forms in the soil community. Since we are only interested in the scope of our bacterial population, we will amplify, by polymerase chain reaction, only bacterial DNA by using "universal" bacterial primers :a forward primer, Eub27F (5′–3′:AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG) , and a reverse primer, Eub1492R (5′–3′: ACG GCT ACC TTG TTA CGA CTT). These primers are short sequences of single stranded DNA that are complementary in sequence to areas of the 16s rRNA gene. The 16S rRNA gene sequence is particularly good target gene for amplification because this gene (encoding a ribosomal subunit) contains conserved sequences of DNA common to all bacteria (to which the primers are directed) as well as divergent sequences unique to each species of bacteria (allowing identification of the bacterial species from sequence databases and sequence identifying software). Our "universal" primers will anneal to most bacterial DNA and initiate an amplification from the template DNA that begins with this common region, but ends, after 20 cycles of polymerase chain reaction in a thermal cycler, with a pcr product containing hundreds of unique copies of 16s rDNA, allowing identification of much of the bacterial flora present in the soil community, most of which is unculturable by conventional techniques.
Part A: PCR Amplification of 16s rRNA genes from Universal Bacterial Primers
To review how the polymerase chain reaction works and how it exponentially amplifies specific sequences of DNA, go to the following web site:
PCR animation http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/pcr.html
All PCR reactions require a thermal cycler to elevate and reduce the reaction temperature quickly and keep it at a specific temperature for a prescribed amount of time. There is a basic pattern to these temp. cycles, but there are differences, so you must be sure to program the cycler with the correct time and temperature for your specific amplification. Traditionally, pcr used Taq polymerase, a heat stable DNA polymerase originally found in extremophilic, Thermus aquaticus living and reproducing in boiling hot springs. We are using a different polymerase, Finnzyme's Phusion High-Fidelity Polymerase, a proprietary reagent that uses a novel
Pyrococcus-like enzyme with a processivity-enhancing domain. Phusion DNA Polymerase generates long templates with an greater accuracy and speed than with Taq. The error rate of Phusion DNA Polymerase in Phusion HF Buffer is determined to be 4.4 x 10-7,
which is approximately 50-fold lower than that of Thermus aquaticus
DNA polymerase, and 6-fold lower than that of Pyrococcus furiosus, another proof-reading DNA polymerase.
Therefore, our pcr product DNA will have far fewer "mistakes" in the sequences that are replicated from template DNA. Our polymerase will also work much faster so our ~20 cycles will require less time than conventional Taq based pcr.
Protocol for PCR
Obain a tiny 0.2ml pcr tube from your instructor (choose the one prepared for your team in your team's color). All of the ingredients listed below in the table, except the template DNA, have been added together previously and kept on ice for you in these tubes.
Label it with a fine tipped Sharpie on the top and side with the code name for your sample. Do not use tape.
If your soil DNA isolate is at approximately 100ng/μL, you will follow the Template Table (shown below) adding 3μL DNAase free water and only 1μL of template DNA to the reagents that have already been premixed for you in your pcr tube (10μL master mix, 4μL DNAase free water, 1μL of each of 2 primers).
If your soil isolate DNA concentration was less than 20ng/μL, you will add 4 μL of DNA and no extra water. If your concentration was between 20 and 100ng/μL, calculate how much template DNA to add by using the formula 100 / your isolate's DNA conc. Add that number of microliters of DNA (not more than 4) and enough DNAase free water so that the number of microliters of DNA + microliters of water =4. Example: Your DNA conc. was 33ng/μL. 100/33 = 3.3 so you would add 3.3μL of DNA and 0.7μL of DNAase free water. Since your pcr tube already has 10μL master mix, 4μL DNAase free water, and 1μL of each of 2 primers, the total reaction volume for everyone will be 20μL.
It is very important to pipet these tiny volumes accurately. Use a P2 or P10 and the special small tips with a filter when pipetting DNA. Look at the tip after you draw up your measured volume to make sure you have liquid there.
Dispense the template DNA onto the side wall of the pcr tube close to the other liquid ingredents, watching to make sure that a small bead of liquid is left on the wall of the tube.
Without changing the tip, pipet up and down in the pcr mix to wash the tip and then wash some of the mixture over the bead of template DNA that may still be attached to the tube wall.
Tap the bottom of the tube (VERY GENTLY!) and flick the tube to mix. Do not treat these tubes roughly as they are quite thin-walled and can break or crack.
Bring your tube to your instructor; she will show you where the thermal cycler is located in E301. Your instructor will start the reaction when everyone's tubes are loaded.
Component TABLE
|amt. in a 20 μl
|Final Conc.
DNAase free
|4 μL already in tube.
Want to achieve
total of 20 μl reaction vol.
Add from 0 - 4μl
|2x Phusion Master Mix
|10 μl
|27F primer
|0.5 μMolar
|1492R primer
|0.5 μMolar
|template DNA
|1-4 μl
|optimum is 100ng of DNA/reaction
The cycling program is shown below.
Thermal Cycler Program:
3 step program
|Cycle Step
|# of Cycles
|Initial Denaturation
|5 min.
|10 sec
30 sec
30 sec
|Final Extension
|10 min
While the 16S rRNA genes from all of the bacterial species in your soil genomic isolate are being amplified in the thermal cycler, you will have about an hour to work on the soil community profiling assays that you started last week.
However, before you leave today, you will need to complete a "Clean-Up" of your pcr products (remove the unused dNPTs, primer dimers, salts, etc. The instructions for using a kit to purify your pcr products and get them ready for cloning next week are found later in this lab description in Part B. You will also need to set up a gel (described in Part C) to assess the purity of your pcr product and the success of your amplification.
Part B: Clean Up of pcr product using Epoch BIoLabs GenCatch PCR CleanUp Kit
Notes before Starting:
Make sure 95% ethanol has been added to Buffer WS before first time use (see bottle label for volume).
All centrifuge steps are carried out at 17,900 x g (13,000) rpm) in a conventional tabletop microcentrifuge at roomtemperature.
1. Measure 500 μl of Buffer PX using your P1000 and add part of it to your thawed pcr product and the rest to a clean microfuge tube. Using your P200 set to 200 μL, remove all the pcrProduct/buffer mix in the pcr tube and add it to the PX buffer in the microfuge tube. Close the cap of the microfuge tube and mix.
2. Place a GenCatch™ spin column in a provided 2 ml collection tube.
3. Load no more than 700 μL of the pcr product/bufferPX mixture created in step 1 to the spin column and centrifuge for 60 sec.
4. Discard flow-through. Place the spin column back into the same collection tube.
(Collection tubes are re-used to reduce plastic waste.)
5. If you had more than 700 μL volume of pcrProduct/bufferPX made in step 1, apply the remaining volume to the spin column and centrifuge for 1 minute. Discard the flow through and place the spin column back in the same collection tube. If you applied all the pcrproduct to the spin column in step 3, skip this step and proceed to step 6.
6. Wash the spin column by adding 500 μL Buffer WF to the spin column and centrifuge for 60 sec. Be careful to use WF buffer!!
7. Discard flow-through and place the spin column back in the same collection tube.
8. Wash the column by applying 700 μL of Buffer WS to the spin column. Note that WS Buffer is different than the buffer used in step 6. Centrifuge the column for an additional 1 min. Discard the flow through
9. Centrifuge the spin column in the same collection tube at full speed for 3 more minutes to remove ethanol residue. It is crucially important to remove all ethanol residue; residual ethanol may inhibit subsequent enzymatic reactions.
10. Place each spin column into a new, clean 1.5 ml microcentrifuge tube (not a collection tube).
11. To elute DNA, add 50 μl of the Elution Buffer EB (10 mM Tris·Cl, pH 8.5) to the center of each spin column membrane. Let it stand for 2 minutes to allow it completely adsorb and then centrifuge the spin column in the microfuge tube for 1 min at 17,900 x g (13,000 rpm).
Keep your pcr product on ice until your instructor tells you that it's time to load the gel to determine the success of this amplification and clean-up.
IMPORTANT NOTES for using this kit: Ensure that the elution buffer is dispensed directly onto the spin column membrane for complete elution of bound DNA. The average eluate volume is 48 μl from 50 μl elution buffer volume, and 28 μl from 30 μl elution buffer.
Elution efficiency is dependent on pH. The maximum elution efficiency is achieved between pH 7.0 and 8.5. Store DNA at –20°C as DNA may degrade in the absence of a buffering agent.
Part C: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of Clean PCR PRODUCT
To see if you successfully amplified the 16s rRNA gene and not anything else, you will "run a gel" on your cleaned pcr products. To run a gel means that we will perform an electrophoretic separation of the DNA fragments in your cleaned up pcr product, using 1/10 vol. of your pcr product applied to a 1% agarose gel stained with Sybr Safe DNA stain. Your instructor will photograph the gel, label it with your amplicon id from the template and post the gel photo to the data folder in the First Class lab conference so you can evaluate your success at 16S rRNA gene amplification. You should see a single band of ~1.5kb indicating that the only dsDNA in your pcr product came from amplification of a ~1500bp gene fragment. Can you explain how we know the size of our amplified gene fragment?
Your agarose gel is made of 1.0% agarose solution (w/v) in 1x TGE buffer (10x=0.25 Tris, 1.9M Glycine, 13mM EDTA) with SybrSafe™ stain.
DNA is uniformly negatively charged and will,therefore, move toward the positive electrode. The separation is determined by the size or mass of the molecule or fragments of DNA.
Procedure for Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of PCR products
Load 1/10 of the total volume of pcr product (1 microliter minimum). In our case we should load 5 microliters.
You will put the 5 microliters of your pcr product as a spot on a small piece of parafilm and add 5 microliters of loading dye (0.25% XC, 30% glycerol, 0.1mg/ml RNAase). Mix the loading dye by pipetting up and down before loading all 10 microliters into a lane of the 1% agarose gel (1% wt/vol in 1xTGE buffer with Sybr Safe DNA stain a proprietary reagent from Invitrogen used according to manufacturer's directions http://www.invitrogen.com) that you have signed up for on the gel template. Be sure to leave the first two lanes and the last lane empty for the 100bp ladder, the positive control and the negative water control.
Loading dye contains glycerol to keep our sample in the lane rather than floating away and will have one of 3 marker dyes (bromophenol blue, xylene cyanol, or orange G) that facilitate estimation of DNA migration distance and optimization of agarose gel run time. 1x TGE buffer is used in this electrophoretic separation (25mM Tris, 0.19M glycine, 1.3mM EDTA. The gel will be run at 120V for approximately 30 minutes.
How will you judge a successful amplification? How many fragments and of what size do you expect to see?
Make sure you give back the rest of your soil DNA isolate and the rest of the cleaned up pcr product to your instructor to freeze after the gel is loaded. Both are now in identical looking microfuge tubes with volume being the only visible difference. Make sure it is clear which is the pcr product and which is the genomic DNA isolate.
Make sure your pcr product is clearly labeled as pcr product and has your initials, team color, lab section (Tues or Wed), soil identifier code (T[tropical], CT[cool temperate], WT[warm temperate] and sample A or B (if there are two samples for a habitat) and the conc. of the DNA in ng/μL. In the next lab you will clone the fragments of 16s rDNA from the soil bacteria flora that are in your pcr product into a special genetically engineered cloning vector. That vector will be transformed into competent genetically engineered E. coli bacteria and they will be plated on selective media to find cells containing the 16s rDNA insert that we can send away for sequence analysis to determine the identity of some of the bacterial flora in your original soil sample.
Culture-Dependent Soil Bacterial Community Physiological Profiling
While the amplification of bacterial 16srRNA genes goes on in the thermal cycler, we have about an hour to work on the community profiling analyses that we started last week.
In Lab3 you started some quantitative assessments of your soil communities' ability to digest cellulose, starch, and to solubilize phosphates---all important functional roles. Today while the thermal cycler completes our polymerase chain reactions, you will have about an hour to complete the colony colony counts from the differential media that you inoculated with dilute soil extract last week.
Community Soil Physiological Profiling PROTOCOL con't:
Examine the plates for processing of a particular nutrient (starch, cellulose or insoluble phosphates) in each differential culture medium. Remember that these differential media are not selective (they aren't designed to inhibit the growth of any groups of soil microorganisms) but they are differential media, in that they allow you to visibly SEE the difference in particular groups of microbes---in our cases, between those that produce and secrete a functional exoenzyme and those that don't. You will count the number of individual colonies showing a clear zone (halo) around the colony (using the plate with 30-300 total colonies) and compare those numbers with the number at the same soil dilution that grew on NA- a general purpose, non-differential medium.
1. Count the total number of colonies on the Nutrient Agar plate and assess total culturable CFUs. Use the soil extract dilution on the plates counted to calculate CFUs/gram of soil (wet weight) for each assessment medium. If you divide the number of colonies counted by the amount of inoculum plated times the dilution factor of that plate, you will obtain the number of cultivatable bacteria per gram of soil.
number CFU/dilution plated*dilution factor = number of CFU/gram
For example, if you counted 150 colonies on the 10-3 plate the calculation is:
150/(0.1ml plated*1X10-3dilution)= 150X104 which in scientific notation is written as 1.5X106 CFU/gram
2. Flood the starch plate with a thin layer of iodine and count the number of colonies that show starch digestion activity as a clear zone or non-blue halo around the colony).
3. Count the number of colonies that show cellulose digestion activity as a clear zone or halo around the colony.
4. Count the number of colonies (the colonies will be red) that show phosphate solubilizing activity as a clear zone or halo.
5. Calculate the % positive for the enzymatic activity for each assay (# positive colonies/total count on nutrient agar X 100). Remember that you can make direct comparisons of CFUs on plates of the same dilution or adjust the CFUs to reflect use of different dilutions on plates counted.
6. Once you calculate the total number of aerobically culturable bacteria (cfu/g) on the general purpose media (in step 1), you can also determine the total number CFUs/gram of soil able to perform the roles of interest.
1. All culture plates that you are finished with should be discarded in the big orange autoclave bag near the sink next to the instructor table. Ask your instructor whether or not to save stock cultures and plates with organisms that are provided.
2. Culture plates, stocks, etc. that you are not finished with should be labeled on a piece of your your team color tape. Place the labeled cultures in your lab section's designated area in the incubator, the walk-in cold room, or at room temp. in a labeled rack. If you have a stack of plates, wrap a piece of your team color tape around the whole stack.
3. Remove tape from all liquid cultures in glass tubes. Then place the glass tubes with caps in racks by the sink near the instructor's table. Do not discard the contents of the tubes.
4. Glass slides or disposable glass tubes can be discarded in the glass disposal box.
5. Make sure all contaminated, plastic, disposable, serologic pipets and used contaminated micropipet tips are in the small orange autoclave bag sitting in the plastic container on your bench.
6. If you used the microscope, clean the lenses of the microscope with lens paper, being very careful NOT to get oil residue on any of the objectives other than the oil immersion 100x objective. Move the lowest power objective into the locked viewing position, turn off the light source, wind the power cord, and cover the microscope with its dust cover before replacing the microscope in the cabinet.
7. If you used it, rinse your staining tray and leave it upside down on paper towels next to your sink.
8. Turn off the gas and remove the tube from the nozzle. Place your bunsen burner and tube in your large drawer.
9. Place all your equipment (loop, striker, sharpie, etc) including your microfuge rack, your micropipets and your micropipet tips in your small or large drawer.
10. Move your notebook and lab manual so that you can disinfect your bench thoroughly.
11. Take off your lab coat and store it in the blue cabinet with your microscope.
12. Wash your hands.
Write a Materials and Methods Section
Some of the things we will stress in this lab, other than acquiring experience with the tools and techniques of the microbiologist, are analysis and presentation of experimental data and scientific writing. Our semester long project will end with a group presentation and an individually written final paper. The presentation will model a poster presentation given to community of peers at a scientific conference and the final paper will be written in the form of primary research report. The topic of both is Bacterial Diversity in Soil Communities: Functional Roles and Phylogenetic Relationships.
It can be a daunting task to write a single paper on several months of experiments, particularly when those experiments result in a huge amount of disparate data. To help you manage your project more effectively, and to prevent you from having an overwhelming amount of analysis and writing at the end of the semester, we have designed assignments throughout the semester that will be evaluated and graded. The feedback you receive on parts of the data analysis or on drafts of typically problematic sections of the paper, we hope, will help you work on the paper throughout the semester and help make the final submission exemplary.
Your first assignment in this process is to write up the protocols completed, so far, in Identification of the Bacterial Soil Community by 16s rRNA Gene Sequencing. That would include: acquiring a soil sample from a particular habitat, isolating genomic DNA from it, amplifying 16s rDNA by polymerase chain reaction (this amplification includes the adjustment of DNA concentration, the pcr product "cleanup" and the assessment of success by agarose gel electrophoresis). Although those procedures take up substantial space in the lab wiki, turning all those protocols and descriptions into a Materials and Methods section should require a page or less of text (double or 1.5 spaced). Remember that the Materials and Methods section of scientific paper does NOT read like protocol descriptions in the wiki. The emphasis is NOT on what you did in lab, step by step, in a time course description of your lab days, but rather on a BRIEF description of the process of turning starting material into whatever the goal material may be. In this case, the starting material is a particular soil sample and the goal is to end up with lots of double stranded DNA segments of a particular part of the 16s rRNA gene from as many of the bacteria found in your soil community as possible.
Each part of Methods & Methods in your final paper will be a separately titled section. The section titles should emphasize the experimental goal of that part of the larger experiment, rather than being a more general descripiton of procedures or equipment. Therefore, a good title for this Methods section would stress the amplification of _____ from________ by____, rather than "Pcr of_____. There may be titled sub-sections, or not, in each Materials and Methods section. Remember that the goal of a Methods description is to give a future investigator enough information to accomplish the same experimental goal, but, perhaps in a different context, scale, or using a different starting material. Therefore, you need to include all the essential information so that such a future investigator can make or buy all reagents and complete the experiment successfully to its goal, but you do not have to include details that an experienced investigator would infer (such as specifying that you "mix" after combining reagents or giving the type of general equipment such as the tube type you used). NEVER, EVER use the word "tube" in Materials in Methods. We often tell you, in a protocol, to do ____ to the "tubes". In the context of a lab manual procedure description, that's fine. For Materials & Methods, you must be more specific. It's what's happening to the materials in the tubes that is important. Tubes and plates are just pieces of plastic or glass. Your methods section should not read like a series of "did this, then did that" descriptions, but should, instead, describe how you acquired and processed the starting material to end up with the ending material.
Please look at the Methods sections of published scientific research papers (there are many in the References folder in your First Class lab conference) to see how the protocols in this wiki differ from Materials and Methods descriptions in a scientific paper. Notice that M&M can be very short, particularly if you have used a kit or a previously published protocol for a part or all of the experiment. If some part of your work is published elsewhere, such as in a journal article's methods section or in a kit manufacturer's website, you may reference the url of the kit manufacturer or use a journal article citation to the previously published directions. Use the citation format requested, EXACTLY!. Attention to detail matters. For BISC209, we are using the citation style of the journal Cell. It is given as (First Author's last name/ Year of publication) in the body of the paper AND there must be a FULL citation of the article in the References list at the end of the paper. If you use citations to previously published methods descriptions (and it is fine or desirable to do so), that means you MUST include a Reference page with the full citation. It is desirable to start creating such a cited References document now, so you won't have to search for the full citation for all your refrences later.
Since most of our protocols come directly the manufacturer of the main reagent or kit and others come from well-established published sources, writing the methods descriptions for this assignment should not be extensive in length. However, to write about how you accomplished your experimental goals succinctly and clearly, you must thoroughly understand them. It does not require thorough understanding to follow the directions in the wiki and end up with a successful experiment; however, to write about your experiments in such a way that someone who is not part of this course can understand what you did and how it contributed to your overall goal... that's is not so easy. If you make sure that everytime you leave lab you understand how each day's work fits into the project's overall goals, writing M&M, as well as the other parts of this paper, will be easily manageable. Don't wait until the end of the semester to figure out the big picture: what you are doing and why. If you want to keep practicing converting our protocols to M&M as you complete them, rather than limiting yourself to those we ask you to turn in for graded assignments, you will make the writing of your final paper much easier.
Please do NOT reference the wiki, as it not a primary source. Although you can ease the burden and length of this assignment greatly by referencing other journal articles or a reagent manufacturer's web site (such as the New England BIolab's website directions for using Phusion® High-Fidelity PCR Master Mix with HF Buffer-- the reagent we used to amplify our target DNA by pcr (found at: | http://www.neb.com/nebecomm/ManualFiles/manualF-531.pdf), the manufacturer does not include the sequences of the primers we used (since those are unique to your target DNA) nor the exact thermal cycler program (since that is tweaked for the length of the DNA section you want to copy and for the relative CG content of the template DNA). Therefore, you must give more than a brief citation and web address. In the case of the pcr amplification using a commercial master mix, you must be specific about the template DNA, the primer information for amplifying 16s rDNA, and give the exact thermal cycler program you used.
There is an extensive handout on writing a Methods section in the Resources section of this wiki. In this course we will use the citation style of the journal Cell, although it is only one of many scientific citation styles. The Wellesley Library has electronic access to Cell, so you can look at research reports in recent issues to see how the authors formatted their citations. Use those Reference pages as models when formatting your references. Attention to detail is crucial in scientific writing. You must follow the citation style requested exactly and uniformly.
This assignment is due at the BEGINNING of Lab 5. Do not come late to lab because you are printing or otherwise completing this assignment and you may NOT work on it during lab. There is a 5% per day late penalty for work for this course and since you have a week or more to complete assignments, illness (unless it is lengthy and serious) does not excuse you from the late penalty.
Continue monitoring and following the appropriate protocols to isolate the culturable bacteria.
Links to Labs
Lab 1
Lab 2
Lab 3
Lab 4
Lab 5
Lab 6
Lab 7
Lab 8
Lab 9
Lab 10
Lab 12


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European Commission
Janez Potočnik
European Commissioner for Environment
A European Strategy for Shale
FT Global Shale Energy Summit - "The Global Shale Revolution: Framing the Opportunities and the Risks",
London, 21 October 2013
Mr Chair, distinguished guests,
You have asked me to deliver a speech on "A European Strategy for Shale?" The most important word or better said "sign" in this title is actually the question mark itself.
Two meanings: first, is there a need for a European strategy and action on shale gas? And second, what could it be?
My answer to the first question will be very straightforward. Yes, we see a need for action. Why?
Energy is a key ingredient of our existence: it powers our industries, it keeps our vehicles on the move, it heats up and lights our houses. Energy needs to be affordable and its supply has to be secure.
The energy context is changing rapidly. Some energy sources are becoming scarcer, such as conventional gas in the EU. Technology is evolving, making it possible to tap into new energy sources, such as unconventional fossil fuels. Other regions of the world are already developing them, leading to new power balances in energy markets.
All this is happening against the back-drop of an economic downturn, where the EU is taking more time to recover than some of its competitors. Governments in Europe are focusing on getting GDP growth and employment back on track, hoping to revitalise their industries, and banking on measures to boost confidence in the economy in the short term.
In these times of persistent economic crisis in Europe, the "American dream" is in many people's minds. As you have just discussed, in the US, shale gas has profoundly changed the energy landscape, becoming an important part of the energy mix and contributing to decreasing gas imports and a drop in domestic gas price, profitable to users and consumers. Whether this drop is temporary or not remains to be seen.
In Europe, the high price of energy has regularly been blamed for slowing down growth. It has been perceived as a negative factor for the competitiveness of our companies. However the direct price effect of potential domestic production of shale gas on European regional markets remains to be confirmed. It is likely to be moderate due to relatively low volumes and higher production costs than in the US, and the fact that prices are still largely set through long term oil-indexed contracts.
But even a moderate decrease in gas prices – for instance through increased negotiation power towards non-EU gas providers- would be beneficial for Member States with high import dependency, and in particular to the most energy intensive sectors of the economy (chemicals, steel) and sectors using gas as an input (fertilisers).
Measures against high energy prices are of course a must, for example by strengthening the internal energy market in Europe. But it is even more important to acknowledge, as the estimates of the EIA are showing, that energy prices are likely to stay higher in Europe than in the US and China. This has to be factored into our decisions so that policies and structures are adapted accordingly.
At the same time we cannot ignore the fact that, if left unaddressed, environmental threats will be putting the brakes on future growth. It is therefore equally important to avoid undue pressures on natural resources like land and water, as our society also largely relies on them for its economic well-being.
EU leaders have jointly agreed on a long term strategy for growth and jobs. As part of it, we have agreed on the need to make it an economy which is much less dependent on carbon. This calls for alternatives to the most polluting energy forms, gradually moving away from our dependency on fossil fuels and for EU companies to maintain their competitive advantage drawn from their strong position on energy efficiency… because the energy we don't consume will always be the cheapest.
EU leaders have also agreed on the need to cut greenhouse gas emissions if we are to remain within the 2°C limits. And the latest International Panel on Climate Change report underlines the urgency of action to avoid the costly consequences of climate change, in both economic and human terms.
But there is no simple solution to these global challenges. In this context, new sources of gas, such as from shale, are attractive: a possible substitute for more polluting fossil fuels, such as coal and lignite, a better security of supply with less dependence on dominant energy suppliers from abroad, as well as a source of public revenues. That was the meaning of the European Council's conclusions in May1. But we should not forget that shale gas is a fossil fuel and that our ultimate goal is a carbon-free society, which will require the development and support of renewable energies. The production and use of shale gas could only be beneficial to the climate if it helps some Member States in decreasing the share of coal in their energy mix. Such a process needs consistent and long-term policies, which are, in most cases, still to be developed.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
We are therefore in a transition period. We have to manage it wisely, and avoid locking ourselves into further unsustainable patterns.
In line with their own national priorities, EU Member States have chosen different ways of dealing with the energy transition. The UK and Poland are currently the frontrunners in looking into the possibility of developing a shale gas sector as part of their energy mix. Shale gas could indeed well bring a positive contribution to economic activity and jobs, and become a part of the energy transition agenda here.
But a coin always has two faces. We have to recognize that the technology used today for shale gas extraction – high volume hydraulic fracturing or fracking - also raises environmental concerns related for instance to water pollution, the use of chemicals, air emissions, induced seismicity, as well as community impacts (linked to transport and land use in particular). Some of these risks and impacts can have cross-border effects.
This has led to public concern in several Member States, including the UK. At times outright opposition has led some Member States to ban fracking or set moratoria. The fact that there is very limited experience in Europe does not help reassure people. Any fracking related incident linked to insufficient preventive measures would lead to further public concern and distrust. It would have a serious effect on the image of the industry and public authorities involved.
The public acceptance issue is extremely important. It was highlighted in surveys the European Commission conducted a few months ago. Three quarters of the respondents said they would be worried if a shale gas project were to be located in their neighbourhood. Why? Because of the lack of adequate legislation and proper risk management. Respondents agreed that harmonised and consistent approaches to the management of unconventional fossil fuels should be developed in the EU. They called for the need for public information. "Doing nothing at EU level" was the least favoured policy option by the majority of respondents.
For all these reasons, we do see a need for action.
What are our objectives?
In the last two years, we have analysed existing studies and best practices, discussed with/listened to the views of many stakeholders and carried out a thorough assessment of the economic, social and environmental impacts of the different policy options. The sort of issues we looked at included: areas of legal ambiguity/uncertainty and gaps, and good practices that could be worth building on - for example, disclosure of chemicals, baseline monitoring of water, hydrogeological modelling, well integrity and capture of methane, monitoring and clean‑up.
Experts from the International Energy Agency and other reputed organisations stress the need for robust and appropriate rules to accompany shale gas developments. With the effective application of best regulatory and technical practices, they trust possible negative impacts and risks can be managed and systematically reduced.
Looking across the EU as a whole, we came to the conclusion that there was a case for a set of common general principles and measures, much along the lines of the ones proposed in the Golden Rules of the International Energy Agency.
These principles could be summarised as follows:
Ladies and Gentlemen,
To conclude.
There are some basic facts we should not forget.
Member states have the right to define their own energy mix. They also have to take into account jointly agreed policy orientations. The EU has an agreed climate/energy policy up to 2020. It is known as 20/20/20 (20% CO2 reduction, 20% share for renewables, 20% increase in energy efficiency). In the longer term, we have agreed the need for 80-95% CO2 reductions by 2050 if we want to remain inside the 2oC temperature rise. The Commission is currently intensively discussing the next steps to 2030.
We all know that today's investments into tomorrow's energy supply are determining our energy mix for the next decades. Long term predictability for investors in an absolute must, as is the reassurance to the public that any concrete investment decision will also respect the protection of human health and the environment.
In that context the Commission believes that an EU-wide risk management framework for unconventional fossil fuels extraction, with a view to ensuring that harmonised provisions applying across all Member States, would best address the above concerns. Our objective is to put in place a framework that would reap the potential economic and energy benefits of shale gas, and ensure that extraction activities using fracking are carried out with proper climate and environmental safeguards.
In other words, we want to establish public confidence and reassure people, provide legal clarity and predictability for competent authorities and operators and create a level playing field within Europe, while meeting the EU's commitments towards decarbonisation and resource efficiency.
Whether shale gas becomes a success story in Europe or not, whether it is profitable or not, we need to remain consistent with our long term strategy of a low carbon, resource-efficient economy. Just as we must do everything necessary to sustain and improve our global European competitiveness, we must also do everything necessary to live within the limits of our planet. There is simply no reasonable alternative.
European Council's discussion on energy, held on 22 May 2013, indicated that there is a need to develop "indigenous energy sources to reduce EU's external energy dependency and stimulate economic growth", while recalling the need to assess ways to ensure their "safe, sustainable and cost-effective" extraction.
Side Bar


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Cambridge Man Convicted in Connection with Accepting Over $7,000 in Commercial Bribery Scheme
"Mr. Cleary used his position of trust to influence the bidding process at Partners, which allowed him to receive these kickbacks for his own personal gain," AG Coakley said. "These types of crimes hurt employers trying to do legitimate business in the Commonwealth, and our office will aggressively investigate and prosecute individuals who scam their employers."
Two other co-defendants have pled guilty and have been sentenced in connection with this case. On December 31, 2009, Brian Colpak, age 46, of Lynnfield, pled guilty to charges of Commercial Bribery (4 counts), and Conspiracy to Commit Commercial Bribery. Colpak was sentenced to serve two years in the House of Correction, with the first six month of the sentenced to be served under home confinement, with the balance suspended for a probationary period of two years. On December 28, 2009, John DiMille, age 51, of East Boston, pled guilty to charges of Commercial Bribery and Conspiracy to Commit Commercial Bribery and was sentenced to serve two years of probation.
Authorities discovered that Colpak, owner of Future Technologies (Future Tech), based in Lynnfield, paid numerous bribes to employees of Partners Healthcare in order to secure contracts that would provide hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of computer and information systems to Partners.
In May 2007, the Attorney General's Office began an investigation after Partners brought the matter to the office's attention. Partners indicated to authorities that they had reason to believe Colpak was attempting to bribe numerous Partners employees in an effort to secure contracts for his company, Future Tech. Investigators discovered that from July 2003 through October 2007, Colpak paid the two men thousands of dollars for their help in obtaining contracts to provide IT systems and service for Partners and its entities, including the Dana Farber Cancer Institute. DiMille was a group leader in the Production Division of the Information Systems Department, and had a great deal of control as to who was awarded the contracts for the acquisition, installation and maintenance of these particular systems. As Master Engineer in DiMille's division, Cleary played a major role in recommending computer equipment purchases for Partners.
A Suffolk Grand Jury returned indictments against all three men on September 30, 2008. Colpak and DiMille were arraigned on October 1, 2008, at which time they pled not guilty and were ordered held on bail. Cleary was arraigned on October 8, 2008, in Suffolk Superior Court where he entered a plea of not guilty and was released on personal recognizance.
The trial for Cleary began on May 24, 2010, and lasted four days. The jury deliberated for approximately one day before returning with a verdict of guilty. The judge revoked Cleary's bail and he is now in the custody of the Suffolk County Sheriff. Cleary will be sentenced on June 2, 2010.
The case was prosecuted by Assistant Attorney General Glenn Cunha, Chief of AG Coakley's Insurance and Unemployment Fraud Division and was investigated by Financial Investigator Sallyann Nelligan with assistance from Massachusetts State Police assigned to the Attorney General's Office. Partners Healthcare also assisted and cooperated fully with the Attorney General's investigation.


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The North West Regional organised crime unit (TITAN) has today, Thursday 21 September, arrested 13 people after executing search warrants across Wirral, Milton Keynes and Bristol, in relation to the supply of Class A drugs.
Warrants were executed at 18 properties in Wirral including Rock Ferry, Oxton, Prenton, Birkenhead and Bebington. A further four warrants were executed in Bristol and Milton Keynes.
The warrants followed an 18-month investigation into an organised crime group and drug supply.
Eight people from the Wirral area were arrested on suspicion of conspiracy to supply Class A and Class B drugs.
They were:
A 63 year-old man
A 32 year-old man
A 38 year-old man
A 25 year-old woman
A 30 year-old man
A 41 year-old man
A 35 year-old man
A 34 year-old man
A 52 year-old man and 53 year-old woman from the Wirral were also arrested on suspicion of money laundering.
In addition a 22 year-old man was arrested in Milton Keynes and a 32 year-old man and a 34 year-old man from Bristol were arrested on suspicion of conspiracy to supply Class A and B drugs.
Detective Inspector Paul McVeigh, from Titan, said: "Todays operation has come as the result of a lengthy and complex investigation by Titan.
"Titan exists to tackle and take down the most serious, hardened and organised criminals who pose the more serious threat to the communities throughout our region and the action taken by police officers this morning is a key part of an on-going investigation into a criminal network we suspect of distributing large quantities of Class A drugs.
The arrest of 13 people this morning is the result of a lot of meticulous, hard work by the investigation team.
Class A drugs blight the lives of the people who become addicted to them. Some addicts can then go on to fund their habit through acquisitive crime, including burglary, theft and robbery, and this has a negative impact on the lives of people living in the communities where drug dealers and organised crime groups operate.
"There have been an increased number of reported cases of juveniles taking Ecstasy. The identification and dismantling of an ecstasy laboratory in Wirral earlier this year will go a long way in reducing the risk to public health within our communities.
Criminals involved in the supply and distribution of controlled drugs don't care about the impact that their illicit trade has on decent members of the public, all they care about is the money they can make.
"They think they are untouchable and they live a lifestyle that is beyond their declared means and often have no legitimate employment to account for the money which pays for their luxury holidays and designer clothes.
"Our message to those involved in drug supply on Merseyside and indeed the North West is that you cannot escape justice and there are no borders, we will work with other forces to relentlessly pursue those profiting from serious organised crime.
"No-one should have to put up with drug dealing and the associated violence and gun crime it often brings.
"We will work with our communities to improve the quality of life for decent, law-abiding people and I would urge people to keep helping us do that by reporting any drug dealing or gun crime to the police or Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.


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LTC Mark South, Chairperson
The Department of Military Science offers qualified undergraduate and graduate students the opportunity to obtain a commission as a second lieutenant in the United States Army and to serve with the Regular Army, Army National Guard, or Army Reserves by successfully completing the Reserve Officers Training Corps Program. Those seeking a commission can qualify to earn a minor in military science at Ball State University. Most books and supplies are provided free by the Department of Military Science. Scholarships, federal and state tuition assistance, university incentives, and other programs provide qualified students with outstanding financial assistance packages, covering virtually all costs for up to four years of college.
Military Science offers immersive learning experiences focused on preparing future leaders for the United States Army and managers for the corporate environment. Subjects offered in this program include the study of current military doctrine, Soldier skills, counseling, problem solving, managing resources, military history, and public speaking. During the summer, cadets may choose to learn how to jump out of airplanes (Airborne), conduct Air Assault Operations (Air Assault), travel to foreign countries to study and lead soldiers currently serving in the US Army, and may compete at the national level for scholarships and other incentives.
Scholarships for nursing students are also available. For those nursing students who meet the requirements, a guaranteed seat is available in the baccalaureate nursing program. Military science students majoring in nursing also have the opportunity to participate in the Nurse Summer Training Program (NSTP), a three-week clinical elective. This paid elective is conducted at Army hospitals in the United States and Germany. During NSTP, nursing students receive "hands-on" experience under the direct supervision of preceptors, who are Army nurse officers. NSTP provides nursing students a preview of the real world of nursing and an opportunity to develop skills needed for the nursing profession.
Intro to Military Science
Introduction to Leadership
Leadership and Mili Tactics
Leadership and Team Developm
Mil Leadershp and Opers 1
Mil Leadershp and Opers 2
Leadershp Chal Goal-Setting
Leadershp Chal Goal-Setting
3 credits from
Approved HIST electives
101 Introduction to Military Science (1)
Studies the organization, history, and traditions of the United States Army and the characteristics and skills that future leaders will need to develop. Covers military skills such as first aid, rifle marksmanship, and land navigation.
Open to all students.
102 Introduction to Leadership (1)
Incorporates small group exercises with various military and communication skills to introduce the real world situations that future leaders may face. Includes active participation in discussions and activities. Builds on topics discussed in MIL 101.
Open to all students.
201 Leadership/Military Tactics (2)
Examines light infantry tactics. Introduction to squad movement techniques, ambushes, reconnaissance, movement to contact, advanced land navigation, drill and ceremony, first aid, and weapons.
Open to all students.
202 Leadership/Team Development (2)
Continued study of tactical leadership development. Focuses on operations orders, communication skills, weapons, map reading, and drill and ceremony.
Open to all students.
299X Experimental/Developmental Topics (1-6)
Topics relevant to the discipline. Titles to be announced before each semester.
Prerequisite: enrollment in military science; permission of the department chairperson.
A total of 6 credits may be earned.
Open only to minors in military science.
301 Military Leadership and Operations 1 (3)
Introduction to military planning methodology. Develop oral and written communication skills through an introduction to small unit tactics and operations.
Prerequisite: MIL 202; permission of the department chairperson.
Open only to minors in military science.
302 Military Leadership and Operations 2 (3)
Continues the methodology of MIL 301. Analysis of leadership and management problems using military tactics at the squad level. Train on individual skills.
Prerequisite: MIL 301; permission of the department chairperson.
Open only to minors in military science.
355 Land Warfare (3)
Study of land warfare to develop awareness of the military establishment-society relationship, particularly in the United States. Includes evolution of land warfare and progression of military professionalism focusing on army operations, awareness of history and purpose of joint operations, and the role of history in understanding their profession.
Prerequisite: permission of the department chairperson.
Open only to minors in military science.
401 Leadership Challenges and Goal-Setting (3)
Plan, conduct, and evaluate activities of the ROTC cadet organization. Develop confidence in skills to lead people and manage resources. Develop counseling and motivating techniques.
Prerequisite: MIL 302; permission of the department chairperson.
Open only to minors in military science.
402 Leadership Challenges and Goal-Setting (3)
Continues the methodology of MIL 401. Refine counseling and motivating techniques and prepare for a future as a successful Army lieutenant.
Prerequisite: MIL 401; permission of the department chairperson.
Open only to minors in military science.
499 Independent Study in Military Science (1-3)
An opportunity to investigate a topic of particular interest to the student under the supervision of a faculty member. Extensive reading, research, analysis, and writing.
Prerequisite: permission of the department chairperson.
A total of 3 credits may be earned.


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Without a doubt, San Diego is one of my all-time favorite cities. I mean, who wouldn't adore the 365 days of perfect weather, the breathtaking coastal beauty and the never-ending lineup of gorgeous weddings? It's absolute heaven and I couldn't possibly love it any more. Well... that is until I spotted this stunning affair planned by Wynn Austin Events which takes that San Diego beauty I love so dearly and kicks it up a notch with to-die-for bouquets from Organic Elements and a traditional reception at the US Grant Hotel. Care to bask in some serious lovely captured by Marisa Holmes? Join me in the gallery for sooo much more and stay tuned for a sweet film from Classic Filmworks below.
From the Bride... We wanted something traditional, but not stuffy so we're hoping to find a good mix in between. When we selected the Marston House, we saw that it had a big flower pot in the middle; but instead of hiding it, we're wanted to work with it. I was inspired by that and really want to keep things as organic as possible, working with what we have. Perfectly imperfect is what we hoped to embody.
Thad's mom had passed away a few years ago. I wanted to make sure she was with him throughout the day and not just honored at the ceremony. I found cufflinks that holds photos and I included photos of him and his mom so that he could literally have her with him all day.
We chose the Marston House because of the organic, natural beauty of the location (+ I love the craftsman style of the house). We both wanted to get married under the sun, with grass under our feet, and in a very happy place. We also think it's unassuming, peaceful, and a little quirky. It's is very "Viet," as Thad would say.
The reception, on the other hand, more closely embodies Thad: the US Grant is grand and exudes classical elegance. We wanted something that was traditional, but also seemed updated. We also choose the Grant because of the location near the Gaslamp, so that our guests could stay there and be in close proximity to public transportation and downtown nightlife + restaurants.
My sister is an artist and drew a lot of the illustrations you'll see throughout the day. I've tried make everything ourselves and incorporate her art so that we have personal things that represent us. We particularly love our programs since we have 2 versions with drawings my sister made; one with us in traditional Korean wedding garb (Thad's background) and one with traditional Vietnamese garb (my background).
We also made all of the signage. Our nephews walked down the aisle in the processional: Thad's one-and-a-half-year-old nephew held a handmade ring pillow as he walked down the aisle and my 11 and seven-year-old nephews held a "Here Comes the Bride" sign as they walked down. On the recessional, the nephews flipped the sign saying "Just married" before walking out.
We've wanted to have open seating to maximize mingling, but want our guests to feel like we saved them a seat, so we've created a hybrid of both. We reserved groupings of seats for people so they knew they had a seat somewhere among a certain set of tables. Hopefully this let people eat and sit whenever and wherever they preferred. We created a large board, so that people knew where they could sit and named each of the sections by the seasons, so everyone would automatically know that there were four different seating sections. To personalize the signage, we included a different childhood photo of us behind each sign, as well.
Wedding Photography: Marisa Holmes / Ceremony Venue: Marston House in San Diego, California / Reception Venue: US Grant Hotel in San Diego, California / Wedding Planning: Wynn Austin Events / Floral Design: Organic Elements / Cinematographer: Classic Filmworks / Catering + Dessert: US Grant Hotel / Wedding Cake: CAKE / Entertainment: N'Demand Band / Paper Goods + Signs: DIY by the Bride and Groom / Wedding Dress: Watters / Bride's Rings: Blue Nile + Jean Dousset / Jewelry: Club Monaco + Roberta Chiarella / Bridesmaids' Attire: Donna Morgan "Rosette Trim Strapless Chiffon" / Groom's Attire: Canali / Groom's Shoes: Mezlan / Groom's Ring: James Allen / Hair: Hair By Henna / Makeup: Ann DeNicolo Makeup Artist


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Honoré Daumier
St. Magdalene in the Desert.
c.1848-52. Oil on canvas. National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Japan.
Read Note
Additional Links
Honoré Daumier Main Page
Honoré Daumier Complete Biography
Additional Works by Honoré Daumier
Count Antoine-Maurice-Apollinaire d'Argout (1782-1858), Minister and Peer of...
Laurent Cunin, Also Called Cunin-gridaine, (1787-1859), Deputy and Peer of...
André-Marie-Jean-Jacques Dupin, Also Called Dupin the Elder (1783-1865),...
Jean-Claude Fulchiron (1774-1859), Deputy, Peer of France, and Poet.
Count Auguste-Hilarion de Kératry (1769-1859), Deputy, Peer of France.
Clément-François-Victor-Gabriel Prunelle (1774-1853), Doctor, Major of Lyon...
Jean-Ponce-Guillaume Viennet (1777-1868), Deputy, Peer of France and...
Felix Barthe (1796-1863), Minister of Justice and Deputy.
Jean-Auguste Chevandier de Valdrome (1781-1878), Deputy and Peer of France.
Baron Jacques-Antoine-Adrien Delort (1773-1846), General and Deputy.
Jean-Marie Fruchard (1788-1872), Deputy.
Charles-Léonard Gallois (1774-1851), Publicist and Historian, Republican.
François-Pierre-Guillaume Guizot (1787-1874), Deputy, Minister and Historian.
Jacques Lefévre (1777-1856), Banker and Deputy.
Charles Philipon (1800-1861), Journalist and Director of the Magazines...
Count Antoine-Maurice-Apollinaire d'Argout (1782-1858), Minister and Peer of...
Unknown, maybe Hippolyte Lucien-Joseph Lucas (1807-1878), a Journalist,...
Mr. Joliv (Adolphe Joliv).
Remembrances of St. Pelagie. (Souvenir de ste Pélagie).
Modern Galilee. And Nevertheless It Moves.
The Legislative Belly. Perspective View of the Ministers' Seats of 1834. (Le...
Transnonain Street.
Unknown, but Usually Said to be Count Charles-Henri Verhuel de Sevehaar...
Mr. Daumier, Your Series... Is... Charming.
Menelas the Victor. From the "Ancient History" Series.
Penelopa's Dream. From the "Ancient History" Series.
The Beautiful Narcissus. From the "Ancient History" Series.
Pygmalion. From the "Ancient History" Series.
The Nocturnal Travellers.
The Beggars.
Woman and Child on a Bridge.
The Kiss.
The Widow at a Consultation. From the Series Les Gens de justice.
Leaving School.
Wandering Saltimbanques.
Sketch for "La République".
The Conclusion of a Speech à la Demosthene. From the Series Les Gens de justice.
It's true you have lost your case... but you should have gotten a lot of...
Grand Staircase of the Palace of Justice. From the Series Les Gens de justice.
On the Shore.
The Miller, His Son and the Donkey (Le Meunier, son fils et l'ane).
Don Quixote and Sancho Pansa.
Martyrdom of St. Sebastian.
Ecce Homo.
Women Running from Satyrs.
Bust of a Woman.
The Burden (The Laundress).
The Wrestler.
The Insurrection.
The Horses Drink.
Two Lawyers.
Don Quixote and Sancho Pansa Having a Rest under a Tree.
Sancho Pansa Going for a Call of Nature.
The Hauler of a Boat.
Reading of a Poem.
French Theatre.
Passers By.
The Laundress.
The Etching Amateur.
The Etching Amateurs.
In the Theater.
The Third-Class Carriage.
Advice to a Young Artist.
In Church.
A Lawyer with His Client.
A Famous Motive.
The Defender.
A Wagon of the Third Class.
Exit from the Theatre.
The Etching Amateur.
The Spectators.
Crispin and Scapin.
In the Omnibus.
Three Amateur Musicians.
Theater Box.
A Criminal Case.
Grand Staircase of the Palace of Justice.
Don Quixote and Sancho Pansa.
Don Quixote Reading.
The Artist.
Artist in front of His Canvas.
Don Quixote, Sancho Pansa and the Dead Mule.


text:
QR12 Series
Encoders, Hollow Shaft
Size 12 Diameter Optical Encoder
from $145.00/ea
Quantum Devices, Inc. Model QR12 provides an improved feedback solution in applications typically using modular encoders. With an over all height of less than one inch and the stability of a bearing encoder design, the model QR12 can provide significant performance upgrades in applications limited by traditional modular encoder solutions. Outputs consist of a quadrature with index pulse and three-phase commutation. A flexible member allows for much greater tail shaft run out and TIR than can be tolerated by modular encoder designs, plus it provides 30 degrees of rotation for commutation timing.
Features of Encoders, Hollow Shaft


text:
The NORC & Department of Nutrition Sciences Special Seminar
Senior Nutrition Scientist and Clinical Research Manager
Ingredion Incorported, Nutrition R&D
Bridgewater, NJ
"Resistant Starch-Physiological Benefits of a Unique Dietary Fiber"
Tuesday, August 13, 2013
12:00 Noon
Ryals Public Health Building, Room 407
Dr. Pelkman is a nutrition scientist with expertise in food intake control and the effects of dietary carbohydrates and fiber on human health.
She completed a Bachelors degree in health studies and a Masters in health psychology at the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
She earned a Ph.D. and completed a postdoctoral fellowship in nutrition at the Pennsylvania State University.
Prior to joining the food industry, Dr. Pelkman served as an assistant professor of nutrition at the State University of New York at Buffalo for seven years.
She worked at Campbell Soup Co as a nutrition scientist and then joined Ingredion, as a Senior Scientist. In her current position, Dr. Pelkman manages the clinical nutrition research program at Ingredion and is based in their R and D Headquarters in Bridgewater, NJ.
She is a member of the American Society for Nutrition, the American Heart Association, the Society for the Study of Ingestive Behavior, and a fellow of the Obesity Society.


text:
The staff within HR Information Systems has lead responsibility for the care, maintenance, development, and support of Parnassus, the College's Human Resource/Payroll system.
All new employees spend their first few hours at Ithaca College with a representative from our office for the First Day New-Hire Orientation Session.
During our discussions about Parnassus and Employee Self-Service at that session, you heard that we strive to make sure that Parnassus data is kept as up-to-date as possible in the most efficient manner with your use of self-service. Employee Self-Service provides secure, direct, real-time, from-the-source update without third party intervention, paper, or mail delivery services and the related time lag.
Self-service is a very sustainable business model and in line with the Institutional Plan priority to "Fully utilize web technology to fundamentally change the way Ithaca College provides administrative support services".
Further in line with this Institutional Plan priority, all personnel actions for staff are also processed on-line via Manager Self-Service in Parnassus. These employment changes move through a workflow approval process and include a number of offices across campus. Manager Self-Service significantly reduces the time required to affect payroll and virtually eliminates the possibility of lost paperwork.
If you are new to Employee Self-Service, please review the Employee Self-Service Online Documentation. If you cannot find the answer to your question in the documentation, please send us an email at email@example.com.


text:
Money talks
I am supporting Peter Nordbye as my representative in House Dist 52, because I know that Oregonians want living-wage jobs and a livable state — a state with accessible healthcare, a functioning education system and an unspoiled environment.
Money talks, and Peter Nordbye is accepting campaign contributions only from citizens within his district. His opponent, Mark Johnson, has accepted donations from out-of-state donors including tobacco companies and the extreme right-wing Koch brothers.
It's time for our legislators to represent their constituents, as Peter Nordbye is doing, and work together to make Oregon a better place.
Kathleen Shelman
Big change takes time
Although I don't agree with the bumper sticker that reads "Don't Vote, it just encourages them," I have been watching the presidential race with some detachment. I like being happy and being emotionally riled up makes it harder. There is so much negativity. We hear more about each candidate from their opponent and I wonder how much is believable. As a result, I suspect many of us will vote against, rather than for, a candidate.
I used to believe that my vote was wasted if I didn't vote for an R or D, but that is another thing I don't agree with now. It seems to me that the Rs and Ds, at least at the national level, are two factions of one Corporate Money Party, so we don't really have two independent choices.
For example, which candidate do I choose if I want vigorous criminal prosecutions of the Wall Street fraud perpetrators, or restoration of the Glass-Steagall Act, or support for single-payer health care, or recognizing and responding to climate change, or revoking corporate personhood?
Or what if I don't want to support the expansion of nuclear power, or continued massive military spending?
I think our country is stuck with "dualistic thinking," which means we only see two choices for things. I think more choice is better than less choice. Washington and Oregon are not "battleground states" and I have concluded that voting either R or D (big money party) is a waste of my vote and probably will vote for one of the other candidates. I intend to read the entire voter's guide material before I decide. For me, I think it would be more satisfying.
I read that some rich people are spending huge amounts of money to influence our voting in this election. Perhaps we could choose to be better informed, less gullible and look at the big spending as a small step toward wealth redistribution.
If I understand correctly, if third-party candidates get enough votes in this election, it will help their funding in the next election. Big change takes time.
Bruce M. Bolme
White Salmon, Wash.
CL Leadership
After many years of effort, Cascade Locks is finally getting its economic development snowball rolling. This would be a bad time to change out our current council for new, inexperienced councilors, no matter how well-meaning their efforts may be; this is not the time to take chances with going backwards, again!
Our current council has pulled our fire department back together, restoring mutual aid; they are working with the port, Downtown Revitalization Committee, and have created the Joint Work Group on Economic Development committee.
The council is also working with Nestlé, MCCED, Celilo Planning Studio, ODOT, Oregon Parks and other entities on a number of economic development projects.
After many years of Cascade Locks being "an island unto itself" our council is forming partnerships with other Gorge communities, like with Stevenson and North Bonneville for a unique waste management project.
In less than a year the council has created many opportunities for a bright future for Cascade Locks, and in doing so, has given Cascade Locks a better reputation, which has included more positive press. It is too bad that some locals want to focus on a fabricated untruth "that the city has uncontrollable debt and is going bankrupt," which is far from the truth.
Lance Masters, Jeff Helfrich, Randy Holmstrom and Ralph Hesgard are very experienced in council procedures, leadership and are highly educated candidates who have proved their abilities to move our city forward in a positive direction. These four candidates are our best chance for a better future, with jobs, economic development and sustainability!
Debora Lorang
Cascade Locks
Vote for English
I have had the opportunity to work with Matt English for over 10 years. In that time Matt has demonstrated a wealth of knowledge as well as great leadership abilities.
It has been my experience that the majority of deputies go to Matt with issues that need to be addressed, whether it is technical or legal. Matt will know or help find a solution to the problem at hand. He is the go-to guy for many in the department.
I believe that Matt will be an asset to the community and their law enforcement agency as the Sheriff of Hood River County.
Noel Princehouse
The Dalles
Inaccurate portrayals
Thank you, Leila Mattox, for informing my husband and me what we think based on our political parties (Our readers write, Oct. 13).
One of us is a registered Republican; the other a registered Democrat. Not only do we think for ourselves, we agree on many more issues than we disagree. Your letter is both inaccurate and insulting.
Marni Sickles
Hood River
Insulting many
Ms. Mattox, your Oct 13 letter is insulting to tolerant Republicans. It portrays Republicans as narrow-minded and intolerant.
Furthermore, you contradict yourself confusing your message. You cite the rights of equal treatment for all and freedom of speech, but infer that gay Americans do not meet your litmus test for this right.
You imply those who fail to spray the word God throughout public statements must not have faith or guidance for their decision-making. People use the word God now as freely as middle school girls hug each other between classes. Using the word more often does not increase one's righteousness or veracity.
Those responsible for burning the Sikh temple in Vancouver probably do not understand these people exercising their Constitutionally granted freedom of speech are not Muslim terrorists or even of the Muslim faith. We should all be careful how we attempt to describe any group in its entirety.
Steve Kaplan
Hood River
Johnson aids schools
The next generations of Oregonians deserve to have the best education possible to ensure a better tomorrow. In every classroom, you can hear papers flying, pencils writing madly and the sweet hum of students' minds slowly expanding with valuable knowledge.
The word "school" is defined as an institution where instruction is given. But what happens when teachers and classes are constantly being cut because of lack of funds?
Rep. Mark Johnson voted to have a considerable portion of the budget set aside to protect schools and critical programs against budget cuts; despite the potential of further declines in state income. He also supported the creation of the "Educator Preparation Improvement Fund," and voted to eliminate unfunded state mandates that take money away from the classroom.
His admirable assistance in the educational system has not only promised students a better future, but the results of his improvements are already being felt in our schools. Being a high school student, only a few years away from the privilege to vote, I have come to realize the vital role politics and government plays in the daily lives of students.
Recently, I have noticed that the attitude and understanding of worldly matters, such as the general apathy towards voting, has taken a turn for the worse. Too many students believe that it is more important to enjoy the instant gratification of the moment, than they are seeing the more substantive value of a quality education. So instead of becoming informed about the issues and candidates so they are aware of the significant impact on their lives, they tend to ignore the subject.
With Mark Johnson as state representative, I feel that without a doubt he will do his best to ensure students have the skills, supplies, and funds in order to succeed. From teachers, to textbooks, to tissue boxes; the educational system is in the hands of the people we vote into office.
Johnson will support Oregon schools, so I don't have to worry about the jeopardy of my education. Mark Johnson supports a better tomorrow.
Moriah Shay
Sandy High School student
Take action
Ballots will soon be out and our votes will determine the course of our future. Money from outside our district and even outside our state is pouring in to try to influence our decisions. How can an elected representative not feel indebted to those big contributors who funded his campaign when making decisions in Salem that will directly affect Oregonians in our everyday lives?
Peter Nordbye stands for campaign finance reform. He believes that an elected representative should first and foremost be accountable to the people he serves. The power of many truly can overcome the power of money.
Please join me in supporting Peter Nordbye for State Representative of House District 52.
Cathy Fantz
Eagle Creek
English for sheriff
I have known Matt English for about 12 years. In that time, I have worked with him during his time as a parole and probation officer, patrol deputy and detective for Hood River County. I have come to rely upon him as a trusted, reliable and professional friend/coworker. He has always been fair and dependable in all aspects of his career.
I am confident that Matt will bring great things to the future of the sheriff's office. He has earned the respect of his coworkers and has a vast knowledge of the job.
Matt has always supported others and offered ideas or assistance.
He has held the role of union president for the Hood River County Law Enforcement Association in which time, he was able to come up with ideas that saved Hood River County money as well as satisfying the members.
I highly recommend Matt for sheriff and look forward to casting my vote for him.
Tammy Hughes
Hood River
Vote yes on 14-48
In 1647 the first public school was established in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Long before we were a country people have supported public education; they've established a covenant between generations to ensure that we have an educated populace to maintain a strong democracy.
This year here in Hood River County your school board is asking you to renew local option 14-48. It will help ensure a full year of school, help with sports and music, a full day of kindergarten, a great choice of electives and help to keep class sizes as small as possible.
Please vote for 14-48 on next month's ballot and ensure our children receive the education they deserve.
Rob Brostoff
Cascade Locks
'Why Nordbye'
Two years ago a Hood River News editorial said Mark Johnson deserved a chance to go Salem. Johnson did so, but one term is enough. Here is why:
After the end of the first legislative session Johnson held his first public gathering in Portland — outside of his district! Why? Because he made "many friends in Salem and Portland and wanted to make it easier for them to attend."
Upon Johnson's arrival in Salem he took a pledge to turn off his brain concerning balancing the state budget. He pledged to consider only cuts to services and state departments and refused to consider any revenue means to balance the budget.
Mark Johnson is listed as affiliated with the American Legislative Exchange Council. This is an organization made up of national corporations and state legislators who decide behind closed doors what legislation should be written in states, mostly to benefit those very same corporations. Out of the 11 endorsements listed on one of Johnson's campaign mailers, only one is a nonpartisan organization.
Peter Nordbye accepts no corporate or out-of-district contributions. He accepts only one contribution of $50 from individuals living in District 52.
Read your voter's pamphlet (page 19) very carefully. Do you really want a corporate-sponsored representative looking out for your interests in Salem?
Gary Fields
Hood River
Johnson qualified
I attended the candidates forum on Sept. 30 to watch Rep. Mark Johnson and Peter Nordbye discuss issues relating to our district. I have known Mark Johnson for a number of years, but I had just met Mr. Nordbye that night.
Mr. Nordbye was polite and nice and respectable at the forum. That being said, I left the forum still wondering what it was that he actually planned to do if elected to represent our district.
Rep. Johnson managed to stay on-topic during the entire forum, and always kept his focus on the issues that are important to Oregon. He continuously referenced his experience in Salem of working across the aisle, specifically with Gov. Kitzhaber, on a series of education reforms and common sense solutions to Oregon's many fiscal woes.
Based on what I observed during the forum, I believe that Mark Johnson is far more qualified for the position than his opponent.
John F. Brennan
Hood River
Deception and politics
As we are faced in the near future to make a decision between two men, I think it is important to reflect a bit. Unfortunately, deception is a cornerstone in politics today. Some call it dirty politics. You sling as much mud as possible at your opponent to see what sticks. And while you are busy slinging mud, you say very little about your own intentions.
Being forthright is not a routine occurrence. The free press as intended by our forefathers was to be the finder of the truth. The role of the free press was to cast out the lies and to highlight the omissions.
Today, our free press is a willing co-conspirator to hide or bend the truth, and omit what does not support their agenda. As Satan is called the great deceiver, I am reminded that all evil begins with a deception.
While we cannot know all that they will do, a good place to start is an evaluation of each man's character. And we must not be lazy in our pursuit of the truth about these men.
John Francis
Wallingford, Conn.
Vote 'yes' for schools
Please make a point of voting this year, and please vote yes for our local schools. That means a yes vote on "Measure 14-48, the local option levy."
This option levy has been in place funding our schools since 2004, and comes up for renewal every three to five years. Your "yes" vote will directly support our kids by continuing core academic programs, a full school year, current class sizes, full-day kindergarten, elementary PE and music, electives and co-curricular activities including sports, band, and choir (there is something in here for everyone — don't have kids? Then come enjoy a sporting, band, choir or other school event, and you will still get a return!).
Your "yes" vote will not increase taxes. This simply maintains the current levy rate to maintain at least this portion of our school budget.
We are still at risk regarding what we get from other funding sources. If you are so wonderful as to want to do more, please go talk to the fine people at the district office regarding how you can help! Thank you for your time and "yes" vote on this topic.
Rich Truax, parent
Hood River
Vote for Nordbye
Do you believe that individuals and corporations from outside voting districts should be able to donate to candidates inside the districts?
For example, do you think it's right that Loren Parks, a Nevada resident, should able to donate large sums of money to influence the outcome of Oregon ballot measures? Is it right for you or I to donate funds to influence the election of either Elizabeth Warren or Scott Brown of Massachusetts to the United States Senate?
Do you think it's right that foreign donors are able to spend money intended to influence elections in our United States? Do you believe that corporations are people and that it's right for them to spend large amounts of money to influence elections?
Do you believe that free speech means that anyone or any corporation is free to spend as much as they like in order to influence the electorate? Does it bother you that former lobbyist Jack Abramoff claims to have "owned" more than 100 members of Congress?
If your answers to these questions are anything like mine you'll agree that our system of campaign finance is out of whack. Should we beseech our legislators to correct this problem? It is unlikely that they will do anything about it. Those now in office were elected because they benefited from the system that is in place.
There's only one candidate who is setting a new standard of electioneering. Peter Nordbye is running a campaign like all candidates should. He's only accepting donations from his own potential constituents in Oregon House District 52 and only from individuals.
If all candidates ran this way our government would truly be "for the people." That's why I'm voting for Peter Nordbye and I hope his candidacy encourages others to do the same.
Cary Mallon
Sandy and Hood River
Non-driver cars for OR
I want Oregon to get off the electric car kick and move on to the non-driver cars — like the state of Nevada.
The cars have been run for over 1 million miles and never an accident. No other cars or drivers can make that claim.
Paul Nevin
Hood River
See 'One-Acts'
Anyone wanting some outstanding entertainment — wonderful material and wonderful acting — should not miss the "Evening of One Act Comedies" at the Center for the Arts. It was a delightful evening indeed! Don't miss it.
Tom Penchoen
Hood River
Zanmiller for council
I have known Mark Zanmiller both personally and professionally for more than five years. In that time I have known Mark as a caring, intentional, and intelligent person. In his professional life he successfully led a small team through open, inclusive and inquisitive dialogue — all characteristics that will serve him well as a city councilor.
In his personal life Mark has dedicated years of effort to community service projects through his role as a board member of Parks and Rec. Mark's passion for Hood River is only surpassed by his desire to help our town continue to be a place where families, businesses and community can thrive.
I wholly trust Mark to make good decisions on behalf of our citizenry and to help guide the future of Hood River in an equitable manner. If you care about sound judgment, open dialogue and dedication in a public official please include Mark Zanmiller in your votes for city councilors.
Pierce Louis
Hood River
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DINGER BATS Model 141 (T141) Adult Wood Baseball Bat
Product Code: DBC141
Availability: Custom Made To Order
Availability: Custom Made To Order
Price: $55.00
The 141 is based on a Louisville conversion T141. It has a good sized barrel and long thin handle, similar to the profile of an aluminum bat. This is a great bat for seasoned hitters and players transitioning to wood from aluminum.
|This bat is custom made to order and requires anywhere from 2 to 4 weeks to manufacture and deliver in most cases.
|Similar to a T141
|Handle slightly tapers to the standard knob
|Handle measures 1.37" where it meets the knob
|Handle measures .95" at the top of your bottom hand (approx. 5" up from the knob)
|Barrel measures 2.37" at the sweet spot and 2.45" near the very end of the barrel
|Choose from- Base Ash: Selected from #1 grade billets. Pro Ash: Meets all MLB requirements as far as grains per inch and straightness. M-Series Ash: The best of the best. Exceeds standard MLB specs. Pro Maple and Birch: Selected from #1 grade billets. M-Series Maple and Birch: Pro Ink Dot Certified to meet all MLB specs. The best of the best.
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This film really is underrated, I remember on it's release IMDB gave it a score of 2.3 and Rotten Tomatoes had it at 4%!
What is it these days with people who don't concentrate so don't understand the film and as a consequence don't like the film?! Aaah! A lot of critics reviewed it badly because it tried too hard to get 23 to add up, I admit at times it felt that way but the movie was good, and that one reason isn't enough to review it so low!


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15 U.S. Code § 78e - Transactions on unregistered exchanges
It shall be unlawful for any broker, dealer, or exchange, directly or indirectly, to make use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce for the purpose of using any facility of an exchange within or subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to effect any transaction in a security, or to report any such transaction, unless such exchange (1) is registered as national securities exchange under section 78f of this title, or (2) is exempted from such registration upon application by the exchange because, in the opinion of the Commission, by reason of the limited volume of transactions effected on such exchange, it is not practicable and not necessary or appropriate in the public interest or for the protection of investors to require such registration.
For transfer of functions of Securities and ExchangeCommission, with certain exceptions, to Chairman of such Commission, see Reorg. Plan No. 10 of 1950, §§ 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3175,64 Stat. 1265, set out under section 78d of this title.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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winding down
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The more paychecks that find their ways to Inland Southern Californians' pockets, the more would-be retailers will be willing to put their names on a store lease.
Both of these things appear to be happening in San Bernardino and Riverside counties, but it's still a slow process all around. The vacancy rate for retail properties in the area declined to 11.3 percent in the third quarter from 11.7 percent in the second quarter, according to a recent report by real estate firm Marcus & Millichap.
The report singled out several of the more notable additions to the job market in the Inland area in the last few months, including the 700 new jobs at Amazon.com's San Bernardino's fulfillment center and SolarMax's soon-to-open distribution center and office hub in Riverside, which could ultimately employ 1,000 people. All told, the state has reported that about 17,000 more Inland residents were on payrolls in September than the same month in 2011.
That means more money is circulating and a few retailers, from some of the biggest national chains to neighborhood moms and pops, are coming out of the woodwork.
It is, for most, about the cost of a lease. Rents are continuing to drop, albeit slightly, in the Inland area, and that's still a point of contention for the owner of a strip mall who wants to maximize the value of a property.
"I think there's tenant interest," said Skip Crane, senior vice president in the Ontario office of Newmark Grubb Knight Frank. "It's just a matter of trying to bring the two sides together, when the owner thinks he should get a 2007 (lease) rate as compared to the going rate now."
Activity has been spotted on several fronts. Earlier this week ground was broken on a Wal-Mart Super Center in Ontario, and a 346,000-square foot shopping center, The Desert Plazas, is under construction in Victorville. The Victorville project represented almost three-quarters of all the new retail construction that was in progress when the third quarter ended.
Also, Whole Foods and Nordstrom Rack recently signed leases in the Coachella Valley, in a space once occupied by a Best Buy, Marcus & Millichap reported. The desert area has the highest retail vacancy rate of any of the Inland Empire's submarkets.
The best submarket in the Inland area right now is the most populous and most central one. The vacancy rate for the Riverside-Corona-Moreno Valley area was 8.4 percent in the quarter, and landlords, on the average, lowered the rents they charged by about 35 cents per square foot, or a little more than $500 for a small restaurant in a strip mall.
That's the type of property that is making a comeback, Crane said, and some landlords are willing to negotiate deals with escape clauses.
"They're willing to let the tenant test-drive for nine months or a year, with an opt-out," he said.
There is still a long way to go, brokers say. In 2009, some 2.5 million feet of retail space, more than twice the square footage as the Galleria at Tyler, was abandoned in the Inland Empire. Major chains such as Circuit City and Gottschalks, to numerous small shops, found they could no longer make a go of it.
Even now, a fifth of all the properties sold in the third quarter were due to some sort of foreclosure-related action.
"The last few months we're moving forward with more activity, and it actually started last year," said Fred Encinas, senior vice president with NAI Properties in Ontario.
Encinas said restaurants, including some of the biggest chains, are looking at properties at strip malls if it's a good location, meaning at the end of mall with visibility to traffic or at pads close to the street.
A look at the retail vacancy rates in the Inland Empire's areas:
Riverside-Corona-Moreno Valley: 8.4 percent
Victorville: 9.6 percent
Colton-Redlands-San Bernardino: 10.2 percent
Rancho Cucamonga-Chino: 11.1 percent
Palm Desert: 18.5 percent
Source: Marcus & Millichap


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For the best experience on the Abcam website please upgrade to a modern browser such as Google Chrome
ab156677 is a 293T cell transfected lysate in which Human GPAM has been transiently over-expressed using a pCMV-GPAM plasmid. The lysate is provided in 1X Sample Buffer. Note: For more detailed how the transfected lysate was prepared view preparation notes
Our Abpromise guarantee covers the use of ab156677 in the following tested applications.
The application notes include recommended starting dilutions; optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.
|Use at an assay dependent concentration.
ab156677 has not yet been referenced specifically in any publications.
Please note: All products are "FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY AND ARE NOT INTENDED FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE"


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AGCO Application Equipment is introducing five new models of the industry-leading RoGator high-clearance, post-emergence applicator to the custom application industry and professional growers.
The new models feature larger-capacity tanks, unmatched visibility on the road and in the field, plus easier access to the cab and the convenience of a new front-load liquid system.
Meeting needs of both retailers and producers who are growing in farm size, the new models offer greater capacity with 900-, 1,100- and 1,300-gallon liquid systems and added horsepower.
"RoGator has long been the preferred machine for custom applicators because of its quality, durability and accuracy in the field. With the newly designed front entry and lowered boom mounts which really optimize visibility in the field and on the road, RoGator continues to set the bar in the industry for innovation and efficiency," says Mark Sharitz, director of marketing for the AGCO Application Equipment Division. "Professional producers are turning to RoGator for the same reasons."
The 2010 RoGator's front entry design is sure to be a favorite new feature, with a fold-down ladder, easy first step, gentle angle of ascent, wide-set hand rails and a wide walkway maximized at the cab side to allow the widest cab door opening in its class. Two different walkway treads provide secure footing and large tread holes offer exceptional visibility to the left-front wheel.
Front-entry design also makes possible a new and more convenient optional front-fill liquid system featuring larger fresh water and hand-rinse tanks, faster reloading and reloading access to a nurse truck without folding in sprayer booms.
Lowered boom mounts and a lowered tank saddle as well as off-cab rear-view mirror mountings mean the already unparalleled panoramic view of the 6-post Advanced Application Cab is now even better both in the field and on the road. In addition, the RoGator cab is even quieter than before with a thicker, more sound-proof floor mat.
"With the increased size and re-engineering of the boom-mount system, operators will realize even faster boom-fold cycle time and changes to the plumbing and hose-routing mean the RoGator's clean underside and simple plumbing and wiring systems are even more streamlined.
"Improvements to our electrical mountings and connections enhance machine life and minimize costly down time. Both custom applicators and professional growers will want to check out the new RoGator," adds Sharitz. For more information about the five new 2010 model RoGators, visit www.rogator.com or your local AGCO Application Equipment dealer.


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DINGER BATS Model 318 (S318) Adult Wood Baseball Bat
Product Code: DBC318
Availability: Custom Made To Order
Availability: Custom Made To Order
Price: $55.00
The 318 is based on a Louisville conversion S318. The large barrel combined with a thin handle gives this bat that end loaded feel that some hitters look for. We recommend this model for more seasoned wood bat users.
|Custom made to order just for you. Please allow 2-4 weeks for delivery in most cases
|Similar to a S318
|Handle slightly tapers to the standard knob
|Handle measures 1.39" where it meets the knob
|Handle measures .97" at the top of your bottom hand (approx. 5" up from the knob)
|Barrel measures 2.42" at the sweet spot and 2.46" near the very end of the barrel
|Choose from- Base Ash: Selected from #1 grade billets. Pro Ash: Meets all MLB requirements as far as grains per inch and straightness. M-Series Ash: The best of the best. Exceeds standard MLB specs. Pro Maple and Birch: Selected from #1 grade billets. M-Series Maple and Birch: Pro Ink Dot Certified to meet all MLB specs. The best of the best.
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STILLPOINT Archive: last updated 04/22/2013
by Mallory Moench '14
The top shelf in the book-crammed office of Janis Flint-Ferguson, professor of English and education, is full of popular young-adult novels, all signed by the authors. Flint-Ferguson began her career teaching middle school while working towards a Ph.D. in English studies before her passion turned towards training future teachers. For almost 36 years she has been introducing future teachers to literature, helping shape how literacy is taught and learned.
One way Flint-Ferguson does this is by facilitating a young-adult book study gathering for teachers which, when she started it 20 years ago, was one of the first of its kind. "We began a book study group even before Oprah had a book club!" she says. Teachers new, seasoned, and even retired still gather monthly to "talk about what's going on in the schools, and read some really great literature coming out that they might want to incorporate into their classes."
John H. Ritter and Chris Crowe have been especially favored authors since they have both come to Gordon College to share about their writing. So has Gary Schmidt, Gordon's own (class of 1979), another favorite of the book group; two of Schmidt's 12 books, Lizzie Bright and the Buckminster Boy and The Wednesday Wars, have been named Newbery Honor Books. Other authors popular with Flint-Ferguson's book club have included Lois Lowry, J. K. Rowling, Laurie Halse Anderson, Christopher Paul Curtis, and Suzanne Collins, as well as first-time authors Michaela MacCall, Candy Moonshower and Elizabeth Atkinson.
"As teachers, we are always searching for the next idea," Flint-Ferguson says. "Innovation is looking at the needs in front of us and not relying just on the way we've always done things. It's looking at what might be a better fit for what's going on now."
Read about other contexts being broadened at Gordon College:


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Outside of Walking Dead, I can't think of any other show I'm enjoying more right now than American Horror Story. Terrific scenery-chewing acting chops, horrifically entertaining over-the-top violence (melon-baller to the eye FTW!) and a plot that continues to twist and evolve with every episode. Loving this season.
Is anybody a fan of Homeland? Last night's season finale didn't have quite the "bang" of last season, it was still quite a shock - though it had the feel of a series finale more than a season finale.
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