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Effective Functional Progressions in Sport Rehabilitation helps clinicians understand the important concepts of functional progressions and equips them to develop rehabilitation programs specific to the needs of their clients.
* Free Bundled E-book *
If you are a member of the HK Rewards Program, when buying a new print edition of this book, you
will be granted the option for downloading the e-book edition at no additional charge. Learn more.
Reference for physical therapists, athletic trainers, and other sports medicine and rehabilitation specialists, including orthopedic doctors; also a text for courses in sport rehabilitation curriculums.
Todd S. Ellenbecker, DPT, CSCS, is clinic director for Physiotherapy Associates Scottsdale Sports Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona, and the national director for Clinical Research Physiotherapy Associates. He has been a physical therapist for more than 35 years, specializing in orthopedic and sports physical therapy. He is also a certified strength and conditioning specialist.
Ellenbecker is the primary author of more than 20 peer-reviewed research publications in orthopedic and sport physical therapy, and he is the primary author of more than 10 books in these fields. He serves as director of Sports Medicine ATP Tour (Association of Tennis Professionals) and chairman of the United States Tennis Association Sport Science Committee. He is a member of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), and the Society for Tennis Medicine and Science.
In 2007 Ellenbecker received the Ron Peyton Award for sport physical therapy, and in 2008 he earned the International Tennis Hall of Fame Education Merit Award.
Mark S. De Carlo, PT, MHA, SCS, ATC, is vice president of clinical services for the Methodist Sport Medicine/The Orthopaedic Specialists in Indianapolis. He has more than 23 years of clinical experience with high school, college, and professional athletes and has more than 40 published articles and book chapters to his credit. A certified athletic trainer and board-certified sports clinical specialists, De Carlo is president of the Sports Physical Therapy Section for the APTA and current board member of the International Federation of Sports Physical Therapy.
Carl DeRosa, PT, PhD, FAPTA, is a professor of physical therapy at Northern Arizona University and co-owner of DeRosa Physical Therapy in Flagstaff, Arizona. Dr. DeRosa completed his physical therapy education at the Mayo Clinic and earned his master's and doctoral degrees in human anatomy. His scholarly interests over the past 25 years have been focused on the anatomy and mechanics of the human spine and shoulder girdle with particular emphasis on their relationship to orthopedics, sport, and rehabilitation sciences. He has co-authored several textbooks, textbook chapters, journal articles, and two series for home study. In addition to research and invited presentations throughout the United States, Dr. DeRosa has presented his work at numerous national and international conferences, including the International Federation of Manual Therapists' World Congress on Low Back and Pelvic Pain. In recognition of his contributions to the profession of physical therapy, Dr. DeRosa was awarded the Lucy Clair Service Award and, in addition, was selected by the APTA Board of Directors as a Maley Lecturer. He is a Catherine Worthingham Fellow of the APTA.
"Overall, this is a very useful textbook for all clinicians working
directly with athletes at any level. It provides concise, accurate, and
clinically useful information for understanding sports injuries,
rehabilitation, and return to play progressions."
—Doody's Book Review (4-star review)
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The basic chemistry of water, along with a brief glimpse into water's origin on Earth, are discussed in this two page article. The article can be used as a "reading to be informed" activity in a stand-alone fashion or can be incorporated into a... (View More) lesson plan. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
This program uses NASA data and resources to promote authentic classroom research experiences. These two complementary guides lead students through the process of conducting their own inquiry-based research on an Earth-focused topic. In their... (View More) guidebook, students read content and answer questions about each step in the research process- from formulating a question to sharing results. The separate guide for teachers provides explicit instructions, lists the standards addressed, and includes additional hints, resources and websites. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
This textbook chapter introduces Earth's external energy source, and the nuclear fusion reactions that power the Sun, space weather and space storms. There is an interview with solar scientist, Dr. Janet Luhmann, UC-Berkeley. The resource includes... (View More) links to current news articles, and a suite of pre- and post-unit assessments. A teacher's guide supports classroom use. This is the fourth chapter in the unit, Energy Flow, exploring the transfer of energy through the atmosphere, oceans, land, and living things over short and long timescales. The resource is part of Global System Science (GSS), an interdisciplinary course for high school students that emphasizes how scientists from a wide variety of fields work together to understand significant problems of global (View Less)
In this data analysis activity, students compare near surface temperature at the time of the solstices in two different hemispheres, and see how the tilt of the Earth's axis in relationship to the Sun contributes to temperature differences across... (View More) the planet. Step-by-step instructions for use of the MY NASA DATA Live Access Server (LAS) guide students through selecting a data set, importing the data into a spreadsheet, creating graphs, and analyzing data plots. The lesson provides detailed procedures, related links and sample graphs, follow-up questions, extensions, and teacher notes. Designed for student use, MY NASA DATA LAS samples micro datasets from large scientific data archives, and provides structured investigations engaging students in exploration of real data to answer real world questions. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free per student
How effective would solar cells be in any particular area of the United States? In this activity, students answer that question by analyzing graphs of incoming solar radiation. Students will download two solar radiation graphs, one based on latitude... (View More) and one based on cloud cover. After transferring that data to the accompanying worksheet, students will determine the areas in the United States best suited for the use of solar cells. Using both an overlay graph and a difference graph, students will determine the practicality of solar cell power for a home in various U.S. locations. This lesson uses student- and citizen science-friendly microsets of authentic NASA Earth system science data from the MY NASA DATA project. It also includes related links, extensions, an online glossary, and a list of related AP Environmental Science topics. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
In this problem set, learners will analyze an altitude graph of the International Space Station to understand its rate of altitude loss as a result of atmospheric drag and solar activity. Answer key is provided. This is part of Earth Math: A Brief... (View More) Mathematical Guide to Earth Science and Climate Change. (View Less)
This activity is designed to introduce students to planetary geologic features and processes. First, students will use NASA satellite images to identify geologic surface features on the "Blue Marble" (Earth), and will explore the connection between... (View More) those features and the geologic processes that created them. Using that information, students will then compare and discuss similar features on images from other planets. Included are the following materials: teacher's guide (with reference and resource information), student's guide (with activity sheets), and multiple cards of planetary images. Note that the range of targeted grade levels is quite broad; however, explicit adaptations for younger students are highlighted throughout the teacher's guide. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5 per group of students
Net Radiative Flux (NRF) is used to determine the flow of solar energy in and out of the Earth system. NRF is influenced by seasonal variations related to the tilt of the Earth's axis and degree of cloud cover as well as Earth's surface features.... (View More) Using measurements taken by the CERES instrument, students will observe and analyze NRF patterns. Analysis will focus on seasonal shifts and the impact of both surface features and clouds. This lesson uses student- and citizen science-friendly microsets of authentic NASA Earth system science data from the MY NASA DATA project. It also includes related links, extensions, an online glossary and a list of related AP Environmental Science topics. (View Less)
In this activity, student teams design small-scale physical models of hot and cold planets, (Venus and Mars), and learn that small scale models allow researchers to determine how much larger systems function. There is both a team challenge and... (View More) competition built into this activity. Experimental findings are then used to support a discussion of human outposts on Mars. The resource includes an experimental design guide for students as well as a handout outlining a method for the design of controlled experiments, and student data sheets. Student questions and an essay assignment are provided as classroom assessments. This is Activity A in the second module, titled "Modeling hot and cold planets," of the resource, "Earth Climate Course: What Determines a Planet's Climate?" The course aims to help students to develop an understanding of our environment as a system of human and natural processes that result in changes that occur over various space and time scales. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $10 - $20 per group of students
Using Mathematical Models to Investigate Planetary Habitability: Activity B Making a Simple Mathematical Mode
In this activity, students build a simple computer model to determine the black body surface temperature of planets in our solar system: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Experiments altering the luminosity and... (View More) distance to the light source will allow students to determine the energy reaching the object and its black body temperature. The activity builds on student outcomes from activity A, "Finding a Mathematical Description of a Physical Relationship." It also supports inquiry into a real-world problem, the effect of urban heat islands and deforestation on climate. Includes a teacher's guide, student worksheets, and an Excel tutorial. This is Activity B of module 3, titled "Using Mathematic Models to Investigate Planetary Habitability," of the resource, Earth Climate Course: What Determines a Planet's Climate? The course aims to help students to develop an understanding of our environment as a system of human and natural processes that result in changes that occur over various space and time scales. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free per group of students


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Welcome and thanks for visiting website www.islamicgalleryonline.com
This website shows the mosques photos gallery across the world including Muslim countries as well as wider communities of non-Muslims countries.
The Place of worship for followers of Islam is a Mosque (Masjid) Mosque is also known in below language
French;- Mosquée
Portuguese:- Mesquita
Berber:- Tamezgida
Arabic:- Masjid
English:- Mosque.
The word Mosque in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship, The mosque serves as a place where Muslims can come together for salat (prayer) as well as a center for information, education, and dispute settlement. The Imam leads the prayer. There is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller masjid dedicated for the daily five prayers in a day.
The larger masjid jami (Jama Masjid) where the daily five prayers and the Friday congregation sermons are held with a high volume of followers attendance.
- Welcome to IslamicGalleryOnline.com, Mosques are an important symbol of Islam and its principles. We invite you to explore the most important & beautiful Mosques around the world. Here are some of the Mosques pictures and beautiful mosque wallpapers across the World. collections of Mosques shows the beauty of Islamic Worship place through the Islamiconlinegallery .com in world wide.
Famous mosques in muslim countries around the world


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Short review: You'll be surprised how many times 60 can go into 18! These old guyz with their teenager missies in films and galleries will show you how age doesn't matter.
Content Amount: Old men get all the fun! Well, these old-timers manifestly do with their young, teenager chicks-a-biddy. Grandpa has one last fling while he still can and loads of lustful, 18 yr old lassies are willing to lend a helping hand, mouth or gloryhole. Jurassic Cock is all about intergenerational sex and the age gap is pretty wide here where you are in for original and downloadable vids and bonus internet-sites.


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Selecting a Florida Lawn Grass - The two primary methods of establishing turfgrass are seed and vegetative propagation. Vegetative propagation includes sodding, sprigging and plugging. Although propagating vegetatively is labor-intensive, all warm-season grasses can be planted by this method. Seeding is usually the easiest and most economical method of planting grasses, but not all warm-season grasses can establish from seed. It also requires a longer period of time to have complete grass cover.
Regardless of the method of planting, it is essential that a proper seedbed be prepared before planting. A healthy, attractive, long-lived lawn can be established only if you select high quality seed or planting material and select turfgrasses that are well adapted to the soil and climate. Please use this link for our step by step planting guide.
Seeding is the easiest and most economical way of establishing a lawn. Success depends on seed quality, proper seeding time, rate, and method of seeding.
Seed Quality
In order to successfully establish a lawn from seed, top quality seed must be used. Federal and state laws require that each container of seed have a tag listing turfgrass species and cultivar, purity, percent germination and weed content. Purity tells the amount (as a percentage) of the desired seed and any other seed and inert matter. Percent germination tells the amount of seed expected to germinate under optimum conditions. The quantity of weed seeds is also listed. Read the tag thoroughly to be sure you are purchasing good quality seed. Try to purchase seed that has a purity of 90% or higher and a germination of 85% or higher. Always select the best quality seed of the cultivar you wish to plant. Many times contractors buy seed with poor (<50%) germination and poor purity (<80%) in order to save money. Usually this results in weed invasion and/or poor stand establishment.
Seeding Time and Rate
The best time to seed warm-season grass is during the spring and summer months from April through July, since this permits a full growing season before cold weather. Seed may be planted as late as September or early October, but establishment is much slower because of cooler weather. In south Florida, year-round planting may produce a good quality lawn. In north Florida, young seedling grasses may be winter-killed if they are planted too late in the fall. Spring and summer seeding also takes advantage of Florida's rainy season and may greatly reduce irrigation requirements. Rates vary with species and cultivar of grass. Economics must be considered since certain turfgrass seeds are quite expensive, and therefore optimum seeding rates are not always practical. The seeding rates suggested will give adequate coverage and produce a mature lawn with good post-planting care. Rates vary from 4 ounces per 1000 square feet for centipedegrass, which has a very small seed, to 10 pounds per 1000 square feet for bahiagrass, which has a large seed. Seeding rates can be reduced, but the trade-off is a more open turf area subject to weed invasion and erosion.
A hard, impermeable seed coat that restricts the entrance of water or gases into the seed can prevent or seriously delay germination even under favorable conditions. Seed germination is enhanced by scarification processes that disrupt the impermeable coat and permit the entrance of moisture and gases. Bahiagrass seed is often scarified either by soaking in a mild acid solution for a period of time or by physical abrasion to help remove its impermeable seed coat. Bahiagrass seed that has been scarified has an increased germination percentage.
Many seeding methods are used, ranging from planting by hand to the use of mechanical equipment for large turf areas. No matter what method you use, it's important to distribute seeds evenly to keep the lawn uniform. The seedbed should be moist, well prepared, and leveled. Rake the entire area with a heavy garden rake to produce furrows into which the seeds are planted. Seed should be applied mechanically either with a drop-type or rotary spreader. Mechanical seeders provide a more uniform distribution of seed than hand seeding. For best distribution of seed, apply one-half the required amount in one direction and apply the remainder at right angles to the first seeding. When sowing very small seed like centipedegrass and bermudagrass, you will find the seed is more easily and uniformly applied if you mix it with sand, top soil, or another convenient carrier that adds bulk to the spreader.
After sowing, cover the seed lightly by working it into the soil with a rake. Ideally, seed should be topdressed with ¼ to ½ inch of soil, but this may not be practical for most home lawns. In the absence of topdressing, seeds can be covered reasonably well by raking. If the seedbed was furrowed before seeding, then raking or dragging with a board will work the seed into the furrows and adequately cover it. Roll the seeded area with a lightweight roller to firm up the soil and to ensure good contact between seed and soil. The area should then be mulched with weed-free grass, hay, or straw, so that 50 to 75% of the bare ground is protected ( Figure 5 ). Mulching helps conserve soil moisture, moderates soil temperature, and prevents erosion of topsoil and washing of seed. As a general rule, 1 bale of hay will cover approximately 1000 square feet.
Proper watering is the most critical step in establishing turfgrasses from seed. The soil must be kept continuously moist but not excessively wet until seeds have germinated. Supplying water two or three times a day in small quantities for approximately 2 weeks will ensure adequate moisture for germination. If the surface of the soil is allowed to dry out at any time after the seeds have begun to swell and before roots have developed, many of the seedlings will die. Improper watering is the most common cause of seeding failure. Initial watering should be from a fine spray if possible, or from sprinklers with a low precipitation rate. Coarse spray and high water pressure or high precipitation rates will wash the soil and uncover buried seeds. Avoid overwatering and saturating the soil. This can cause the seeds to float, and increases the incidence of disease which can kill the seedling plants. As the seedlings mature and root systems develop, the number of waterings can decrease, but the volume should increase so that the entire root zone is wetted, not just the soil surface. If water is not available, avoid planting in April, May and October since these are traditionally Florida's driest months.
Courtesy of http://turf.ufl.edu/


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Understanding Hinduism, Part Two
- Marvin Olasky Editor in Chief, WORLD Magazine
- 2005 14 Jan
"Those hardest hit by the Dec. 26 tsunami were poor fishing communities whose inhabitants—mostly Hindus—are untutored in refined theological speculation on life and death. For them, all of life is controlled by the play of capricious deities," wrote Newsweek's Kenneth Woodward. So what do Hindu people believe? And what do Christians need to understand about this ancient faith? In his book, The Religions Next Door, Marvin Olasky sets out to explain the basic tenets of Hinduism, along with Buddhism, Islam and Judaism. Following is part two of Chapter 3, "Hinduism's Flow."
Pinning down what is Hindu belief, rather than respect for tradition, is difficult. Many Hindus express ease about doctrine, along with a willingness to believe in astounding spiritual activities; for example, many Hindus do not oppose the idea of resurrection because Hindus say a truly advanced Yogi could do that.
Hindus quote liberally from Jesus' comments about love and peace; some say that "Christianity is modified Hinduism," and state that between the ages of thirteen and thirty-one Jesus went to India. Hindus who write about Jesus, though, commonly leave out his tough-minded expressions of God's holiness and are hostile to his claims that there is one way to God.
Hinduism, in short, says that there are many ways to God, and many people find them attractive. Furthermore, Hinduism is a visual faith, with many idols; temples in India do not shy away from calling their statues "idols," giving devotees a tangible object for worship. Swami Vivekananda's explanation is classic: "If a person wants to drink milk, he uses a cup as he cannot drink it directly.
For the quivering and unsteady mind, there should be a visible form or a symbol, the idol, so that it becomes a foundation for his adoration. The idol form of God is akin to a vessel which enables a man to drink the milk." To use an American metaphor, we commonly expect small children to need training wheels as they learn to ride a bicycle. It does seem strange that for many Hindus who line up to feed idols, the training wheels stay on for life.
Christians and Jews tend to ask lots of questions about how life began; most Hindus do not. Hinduism proclaims no creation as such because the universe goes through endless cycles of creation and destruction. The base unit to compute the length of a cycle is the Mahayuga, which is 4.3 million earthly years. One day of Brahma (a cosmic day) consists of 1000 Mahayugas, as does a cosmic night, so each is 4.3 billion earthly years long. Some scientists who like long time spans in which evolution could work have harkened to Hindu chronology.
But there's more: the standard Hindu explanation is that at the beginning of each cosmic day all embodied beings come into existence from undifferentiated god stuff; a soul is reborn many times during a cosmic day. At cosmic nightfall souls merge back into the cosmos. A cosmic year includes 12 cosmic months of 30 cosmic days, and the cosmos lasts for 100 of them; multiply out those figures and the life of the cosmos equals 311 trillion and 40 billion earth years. At the end of the cosmos, a new one emerges and lasts for another 100 cosmic years. This process goes on without end.
The size of the Hindu big tent echoes the vastness of time. Hinduism has room for thousands of religious sects and scriptures that have grown and developed in a continuous flow for several thousand years. The Vedas include over 100,000 verses, the Upanishads (books that emphasize the unity of the individual soul and the universal spirit or Brahman) over 200,000, and that's just the beginning of Hindu knowledge. Hindus say their Brahmanas (books explaining how rituals should be performed), Aranyakas (mystical texts), and Samhitas (deity-praising mantras) are shruti, messages divinely revealed to early sages and passed by word of mouth from generation to generation.
The Issue of Scripture
Many Hindus show an ease about learning or even knowing their scriptures that is far different from the intense emphases of Jews and Christians. The Rig-Veda, the earliest Hindu scripture, may have originated before 1000 BC but was not written down until about AD 1400, so some question its overall validity. About 10 percent of the lines of the epic Mahabharata are in question. But many Hindus do not seem to care because with a vast number of scriptures to choose from, particular lines don't seem all that important.
That vast corpus of Hindu lore places great authority in the hands of the gurus (gu means darkness and ru light, so a guru gives light that drives away spiritual darkness). Gurus have spent years reading many of the Hindu scriptures. (The Bible, containable in one volume, lends itself to what is sometimes called "the priesthood of all believers." Laymen can readily read and study the whole volume so that while they look to ministers and commentators for help, they are not hopelessly outclassed in knowledge.
Priests are also in charge of an enormous number of rituals said to direct spiritual entities and forces of nature. Offerings, pilgrimages, wearing of a sacred thread, and so on are seen as vital to the development of higher thinking. Rural areas commonly have a variety of grama-devatas, village gods and goddesses; some are a male form of Shiva, but most are female. The patron goddess of a village is seen as in charge of fertility, so women wanting to be pregnant will pray to her and promise a gift—perhaps a sari or a chicken—when a child is born. All newborns are taken to the shrine of the local goddess to receive a blessing.
Freedom and Fear
With freedom to worship a chosen god also comes fear: Hindus know they have many gods (or aspects of god) to propitiate, but how do they know that they've chosen the right one?
In practice most Hindus simplify what would be otherwise maddening complexity: they go with the flow, doing what their clan or subcaste mandates. That may involve devotion to one of the major gods, like Vishnu or Shiva, and also local deities.
Many of Hinduism's rituals exist as ways for individuals to protect themselves against the wrath of some god. For example, many Hindus believe that bathing in one of seven sacred rivers in India can win them karmic merit. Hindu rituals also include clockwise walking around shrines so that a shrine is always on the walker's right side. Many Hindus believe that the right side of the body is spiritually purer than the left; the right hand is always used for eating, making religious offerings, and passing money to others.
Many types of ritual purifications are required during the day and especially before worship. Orthodox Hindus believe that impure thoughts lead to the formation of evil vapors in the mouth, leaving the mouth and its saliva unclean; uttering Vishnu's name three times before sipping water helps. Food left over from a meal is ritually impure, as is food that has been touched or smelled by another human being.
Animal Deities
Since there is no clear human/animal divide, Hindus also have animal deities. Airavat is the four-tusked king-god of elephants, who emerged out of water when gods churned the ocean. The bird-god Garuda has the head and wings of an eagle, often on a man's body. Garuda is often depicted as carrying Vishnu on its back and is worshipped as a remover of obstacles. Shesh Neg, the serpent god, is the king over Patal, infernal regions. During intervals of creation Vishnu is said to sleep on its coils. Kamdhenu, the sacred cow god, also emerged from ocean-churning and is said to grant all wishes and desires; she is the mother of all cows. And so on.
Hindus have sacred cows for many reasons. Cow's milk is revered as akin to mother's milk, so Hindus compare the slaughter of a cow to matricide. Curds and ghee (clarified butter) are traditionally used in sacrifices, so ghee (and the cow from which it comes) is seen as the root of sacrifice. Gods like sacrifices, so cows are essential. Cows are seen as the "greatest givers on this earth today," and they are a "complete ecology, a gentle creature and a symbol of abundance." Many Hindus say that cows are sanctifying creatures who represent the highest energy in the universe and that a person who kills a cow or eats beef is said to rot in some form of hell for as many years as there are hairs on a cow.
Just as Hindus do not have a clear human-animal divide, so a lack of clear lines makes it difficult to define the extent of Hindu denominations. The largest one is probably Vaishnavism, with Vishnu regarded as the ultimate hero-god who comes to earth in one of his ten incarnations whenever dharma (eternal order and righteousness) is threatened. Followers of Shaivism, the second most popular belief, see Shiva as the leading manifestation of God: some call him the destroyer of evil, some just the destroyer, and some are particularly moved by the eroticism that is part of Shiva's edgy charm.
Shiva has 1,008 names in all, as does his wife, Shakti. When the emphasis is on her tender kindness, Shakti goes by Parvati or Sati. When the emphasis is on terror and destruction, she goes by Durga or Kali (referred to in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom). But whatever her name, Shaktas—those who worship Shakti as the supreme mother and creator/defender of the world—form the third largest group of Hindus. Other Hindus, as individuals or in clans, choose a particular god or goddess as their ishta-devata (personal deity) and offer it special prayers and worship, much as the ancient Greeks did.
This variety may leave individuals adrift; historically in Indian village life, individuals have worshipped whatever their subcaste and community put before them, but as India urbanizes and Hindus outside India have more choice of where to go and what to affirm, individual Hindus worry that they have chosen poorly. And yet the word individual itself suggests a sub-Hindu pattern of thought: the theological goal of many Hindus, if they think about their beliefs, is to lose their individuality and flow into the monistic ocean.
The Issue of Life
Unlike Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, which include concepts of personal immortality, Hindus are to seek supra-personal immortality, with individuals merged into "ultimate being." That road to merger is a long and winding one, though, as a person may be reborn into a higher or lower life form, depending on karma.
Devout Hindus today still believe that a soul is reborn again and again until enlightened and liberated from rebirth, at which time what was an individual enters a state of ultimate bliss (moksha) and becomes one with the ultimate, but that does mean the extinguishing of personality.
Orthodox Hindus oppose abortion, believing that unborn humans deserve protection. Abortion is seen in Hindu scriptures as garha-batta (womb-killing) and bhroona hathya (killing the undeveloped soul). Abortion at any stage of fetal development has serious karmic consequences. A hymn in the Rig Veda pleads for protection of unborn children. The Kaushitaki Upanishad draws a parallel between abortion and killing parents. The Atharva Veda notes that the brunaghni (fetus slayer) is among the greatest of sinners. Gandhi said that in a good Indian state it's "as clear as daylight that abortion would be a crime."
Yet the concept of samsara (recycling of lives) leads to some devaluation of life. Katha Upanishad 2.19, written perhaps twenty-five hundred years ago, proclaimed, "If the slayer thinks he slays/ If the slain thinks he is slain,/ Both these do not understand:/ He slays not, is not slain."
Click here to read Part One of this chapter.
Marvin Olasky is a professor of journalism at the University of Texas at Austin and the editor-in-chief of World, the national weekly news magazine from a biblical perspective. Visit his website at www.olasy.com
To order a copy of Religions Next Door, visit Christianbook.com


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|Main > Movies > Hernando DeSoto In America Movie > DeSoto Marches North
|Site Map
The first inland march of the expedition marked the beginning of many violent encounters with the local Indian tribes. This segment describes the typical confrontations DeSoto faced, and the expedition's first winter.
Movie credit: Segment from the movie "Hernando DeSoto in America." Original video provided courtesy of the DeSoto National Memorial.
|Main > Movies > De Soto in America > DeSoto Marches North
|Site Map
Florida: A Social Studies Resource for Students and Teachers
Produced by the Florida Center for Instructional Technology,
College of Education, University of South Florida © 2004.


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It takes 20 years to build a reputation and five minutes to ruin it. If you think about that, you'll do things differently, Warren Buffet
San Francisco, CA (PRWEB) January 07, 2013
Get New Patients, Inc. has just released a new infographic or visual representation of information to promote their free guide on, "How to Protect Your Practice's Online Reputation." The guide provides a game plan to assist physicians in protecting their practices from negative and false reviews on the Internet.
Check out the new infographic here:
Understanding the impact the web has on everyday life, James Dreesen, CEO of Get New Patients, Inc., reaches out to the vulnerability of the medical professional in the age of the world wide web. The exposure we all face is magnified when it pertains to our livelihood. The doctor, who gets an unfair or false review from a disgruntled employee or unscrupulous competitor can suffer financially. With social networking and internet sites geared toward soliciting consumer feedback, medical practices can be unfairly tainted, adversely affecting potential referrals, new patient opportunities, and revenue. Some complaints, although legitimate are far removed from patient care. They can be about the office room wait, the parking, or the attitude of the staff.
Unfortunately no matter how removed these issues might be from the care provided, a negative review can be an indelible mark. One that is hard to ignore when 80% of the people needing a doctor, research their issues on the internet; 87% of people polled have said that a positive review affected their decision making process in choosing their doctor. The power of the anonymous comment is captured in the quote by Warren Buffet, "It takes 20 years to build a reputation and five minutes to ruin it. If you think about that, you'll do things differently."
Get New Patients, INC. in partnership with NorthStar SEO, LLC. educates the medical professional to be aware and protect themselves by understanding how to make this exposure work for them. Dreesen teaches how to address problems, making them opportunities to build relationships and reinforce recruitment of new patients. Besides teaching the medical professional how to access and monitor their reviews online, they offer their clients a full line of services to promote and protect their business. Get New Patients, INC. also suggests non-labor intensive short cuts that can be incorporated into the day to day running of the business that will allow the doctor and staff to monitor reviews, with minimum effort.
Get New Patients, INC. can be contacted in three ways, by phone at 888-221-0865, by email at info(at)getnewpatientsinc(dot)com or by visiting their website at http://www.getnewpatientsinc.com/contact/.


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Please welcome today's guest blogger Sheila Moore, who is a published author, avid poet, writer and reader. Sheila's poetry chapbook, Shaping Time, is available for purchase on her poetry blog, She's Writing… Sheila also blogs about her writing and reading adventures at Writing With My Eyes Closed. She lives with her husband and daughters in the Midwestern United States and can be found on Twitter @Shewriting or on Facebook.
I have been writing poetry in spiral notebooks and journals for 25 years. Recent advances in technology have helped me transform my handwritten poems into animated poetry, which can involve using motion or animation as well as sound, music, photography, videography, written text and spoken words. In animated poetry, the viewer's visual perception of these components becomes as important as the poem's text itself.
While there are various programs you can use to create animated poetry, I will outline the steps to take using Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 to create your own multimedia works of art.
Steps to Create an Animated Poem (using PowerPoint)
- Click on the "Design" tab and choose a decorative slide theme to match the mood of your poem. For example, my poem below is about a knight rescuing a princess. Therefore, I chose a classic, romantic, medieval scroll design.
- Click on the "Animations" tab and choose how you would like your title and name to "move" onto the slide. I chose to have my title slowly appear followed by my name floating up from the bottom of the slide.
- Click the "Home" tab to add a New Slide for the body of your poem.
- Click the "Insert" tab to add text, photos, clip art, and audio onto your slide. Click the "Animations" tab to apply animations to any of these components as previously described in step 2.
- Double click on "Animation Pane" to review the order in which your animations will play. (NOTE: If you want the audio file to play for the entire length of your presentation, skip down to the Audio File Tips below before completing steps 6-10.)
- Click the "Transitions" tab and uncheck the box to Advance Slide "On Mouse Click." If you skip this step, then your slides will not advance automatically.
- Click the "Slide Show" tab and preview your presentation by starting From Beginning.
- If the sequence and timing of all the animations play back correctly, click the "File" tab and then "Save."
Congratulations! You can now create your very own animated poem and share it with others by playing it on your computer or e-mailing it to them as an attachment. If you e-mail it, the recipient will need PowerPoint to open and view the attachment. To bypass this potential inconvenience, follow these additional steps:
- Click the "File" tab and then "Save As," which will open a new window.
- In the new window, click the "Save as type" drop down menu and click "Windows Media Video."
- Click "Save."
Now, you can e-mail your video as an attachment and the recipient shouldn't encounter any problems viewing it, since most computers come equipped with a media player. Personally, I prefer to upload my videos to YouTube for three reasons.
First, by storing my videos on YouTube, I save space on my hard drive. Second, I can send a link to others that will take them directly to my videos, which eliminates the need for them to download attachments. Third, once I upload my videos to YouTube, I can then embed them into my web pages or blog posts (see below).
Now, it's your turn to get animated. Feel free to e-mail me after you create your animated poem. I can't wait to see it!
Here are those Audio File Tips I promised:
- In the Animation Pane, click once on the audio file and move it to the top of the list by clicking the arrow at the bottom of the pane.
- In the next file's drop down menu, click on "Effect Options," which will open a new window.
- In the new window, click the "Timing" tab.
- In the Start section's drop down menu, change "on click" to "with previous."
- Lastly, determine how many seconds into the presentation you want this file's animation to begin and enter that number in the Delay section. If you skip this step, then all of your animations will play at once.
- Repeat steps 1-5 for each file, then move on to Step 6 above.
And if you're interested in contributing a guest post, click here to find out how to possibly make that happen.
Write the Life Poetic Every Day
Animating poetry is very cool, but if you want help on the writing side (from inspiration to nuts and bolts craft advice), then Sage Cohen's Writing the Life Poetic is for you. This is one of the few poetry craft books that I always keep close at hand.


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Photo: Gil Talbot
CAMBRIDGE, Mass.— Sophomore DJ White will play for Team USA at the 2012 NORCECA Men's Junior (U-21) Continental Championship, which begins today in Colorodo Springs, Colo.
White was one of 18 men's college volleyball players selected to the training team after participating in the nationwide USA Volleyball High Performance tryouts. National team head coach Peter Hanson selected 12 players at the conclusion of a three-week training camp.
"We have an exceptional group of 12 athletes and volleyball players." Hanson said. "During the training block, this group of guys continually rose to the top."
White contributed to Harvard's most successful season in program history in 2012. He helped the Crimson finish second in the EIVA and earn a berth in the conference tournment for the first time since 2009. Harvard also achieved its first-ever ranking in the AVCA national poll. White started all 24 matches his freshman year and was named to the All-EIVA first team. He averaged 2.76 kills per set and hit .319 during his freshman season.
The top three teams at the NORCECA Championship, which runs through Sept. 1, will qualify for the 2013 FIVB Men's Volleyball Junior World Championship.


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December 16, 2005
As antiretroviral treatment evolves, the causes of morbidity in HIV-infected patients evolve with it. Over the past 20 years we have seen significant changes in what are the most common health complications among HIV-infected patients, particularly as AIDS-defining opportunistic infections gave way to other morbidities -- many of which cannot be directly attributed to antiretrovirals themselves.
The latest evidence of this trend comes from the French APROCO-COPILOTE study, which was conducted with 1,281 patients who started a protease inhibitor-based regimen between 1997 and 1999. Vincent Le Moing presented the five-year findings from this prospective cohort study at this conference.
Participants in APROCO-COPILOTE had a baseline CD4+ cell count of 275 copies/mm3 and a baseline HIV plasma viral load of 4.4 log10 copies/mL. Seventy-seven percent of the cohort was male, the median age was 37 years, 57% of the patients previously received antiretroviral therapy, and 25% were coinfected with hepatitis C. Researchers recorded incidence of death and "severe" events, defined as events that were grade 3 or 4, that were life threatening or that led to hospitalization.
Over five years of observation, there were 101 deaths (1.9 per 100 patient-years, or an overall risk of 10%), 120 cases of AIDS-defining illnesses (3.11 per 100 patient-years; overall risk 16%) and 1,107 other severe events, including 431 serious drug-related adverse events (8.3 per 100 patient-years; overall risk 30%). Serious adverse events other than AIDS-defining illnesses or serious drug-related adverse events were more common than other events, with an overall risk of 35%.
In terms of specific events, there was a relatively high incidence of five-fold elevation of transaminase levels (9.5%), as well as cardiovascular events (6%) and depression or suicide (3%). The single most common type of severe event unrelated to AIDS or antiretrovirals was bacterial infection (15%). The frequency of all events was highest in those with a CD4+ cell count below 50 cells/mm3.
In patients with more mild immune disease, serious events (excluding disease progression or death) were most frequent in those who were coinfected with hepatitis B or hepatitis C (42%) or who were injection drug users (34%).
These data may primarily be of historical interest, since they reflect the serious limitations and pitfalls of our first highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens; after all, this study recruited patients who initiated therapy in the late 1990s.
Nonetheless, as we treat more injection drug users and individuals coinfected with viral hepatitis, study results such as these serve as a reminder that special care may be warranted to manage the side effects of therapy and other medical events that may occur after we initiate HAART. This may be the key to long-term treatment success among these patients.
|Please note: Knowledge about HIV changes rapidly. Note the date of this summary's publication, and before treating patients or employing any therapies described in these materials, verify all information independently. If you are a patient, please consult a doctor or other medical professional before acting on any of the information presented in this summary. For a complete listing of our most recent conference coverage, click here.
The content on this page is free of advertiser influence and was produced by our editorial team. See our content and advertising policies.


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By Harriet McLeod
CHARLESTON, South Carolina (Reuters) - South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley on Wednesday called on the Oklahoma Supreme Court to order immediately a 3-year-old Native American girl returned to a South Carolina couple who adopted her, escalating a bitter custody dispute with the girl's biological father.
"This matter should come to an end, now," Haley said in a document prepared for the Oklahoma high court and given to Reuters by the governor's office.
The Oklahoma Supreme Court ruled last week that the girl known as "Baby Veronica," who will turn 4 next week, will not immediately be transferred from her Oklahoma biological father, Dusten Brown, despite other court rulings ordering him to give her up to adoptive parents Matt and Melanie Capobianco of Charleston, South Carolina.
"Under the laws of South Carolina and Oklahoma, the minor child should be immediately returned to the Capobiancos' physical custody and care," Haley said.
The case has highlighted overlapping parental claims in two states, and the clash between a Native American culture seeking to protect children from being adopted outside their tribes and U.S. legal safeguards for adoptive parents.
The situation became so emotionally wrenching that Haley and her counterpart, Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin, spoke by phone last month and tried to get the two families to work out a custody deal outside the courts.
No agreement has been reached and Haley's court appeal on Wednesday suggested that politicians are increasingly being drawn into the legal dispute.
Haley said Brown, who is a member of the Cherokee Nation, is "criminally withholding" Veronica from her adoptive parents in defiance of the courts.
"Mr. Brown does not intend to comply with any order of the Oklahoma state courts in this matter," Haley's filing said.
Veronica's birth mother, who is not Native American, arranged the adoption with the Capobiancos before the girl was born. Veronica lived with them after her birth in 2009. Brown intervened in 2010 before the adoption process was final, and a South Carolina family court ordered that Veronica be turned over to Brown in December 2011.
Brown has argued that when he gave up parental rights to the girl's birth mother, he did not realize she would put the child up for adoption.
Brown, who was not married to the birth mother, argued that the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 allowed him to have Veronica, who is 3/256th Cherokee.
In June, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the ruling and decided the act did not apply in Veronica's situation. The adoption by the Capobiancos was finalized in July.
Veronica has been staying with relatives on Cherokee tribal land in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. Cherokee Nation courts have also been involved in the custody battle.
A gag order has been placed on the parties involved in the case.
(Reporting by Harriet McLeod; Editing by Greg McCune and Cynthia Osterman)


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Nine years of failed fixes from KB Home | News
MULBERRY, Fla. - After numerous stories on troubled condo and townhome complexes around Tampa Bay, KB Home promised to repair all the problems. However, that promise was all but rejected by many owners who claim years of "fixes" haven't fixed anything.
But of the dozens of frustrated homeowners who have complained about KB Home to 10 News, none has been dealing with failed fixes longer than Kenny Jimna.
Jimna, 46, a Marine Corps vet, is a resident of Mulberry's "Preserve at Sundance" community. He says his single-family home was built by KB Home in 2003 and has been under repair since.
And six months ago, after crews removed all the stucco from his second floor to repair mold and water intrusion problems, they simply disappeared. Jimna's home has been exposed to the elements throughout the entire rainy season.
Now, his home is plagued by mold, moisture, and insects on a daily basis. He says pictures have fallen off the wall and things have fallen off the outside of the building too.
"It's not just the mold," Jimna said of his concerns, "In my sleep, I dream that the house is going to fall down."
Other homes in the Preserve at Sundance complex have apparent structural issues, with stucco and wood failures evident.
Jimna contacted the 10 News Investigators after he saw previous coverage on KB Home's problems in Bradenton. He says he hasn't been able to get a hold of anyone at the company and feels they completely forgot about him.
Jimna contacted the 10 News Investigators after he saw previous coverage on KB Home's problems in Bradenton. He says he hasn't been able to get a hold of anyone at the company and feels they completely forgot about him.
He says the stress of his problematic home cost him his last job and have sent him to the doctor numerous times. Now nine years into his 10-year warranty, he feels this is his last chance for help.
"I'm worried that I'm going to be stuck with something that's not liveable," Jimna said. "Because for 10 years, it's been going on, even after (KB Home) said 'it's perfect.' "
10 News contacted KB Home about the Preserve at Sundance on Wednesday, and by Thursday morning, a KB Home customer service representative was at Jimna's home.
While the representative refused to talk to 10 News, the company issued another statement promising to stand by its warrant:
"As part of KB Home's on-going warranty program and service commitment to our homeowners, we will continue to respond and address any of our homeowners claims as we were today in Sundance. We encourage homeowners to contact us immediately if they have any questions, or would like a KB Home representative to inspect their home and take immediate action to address their concerns."
Jimna says he'll never be able to sell his home because of the massive problems and doesn't feel safe in it, so he's hoping KB Home will provide him with a new building that's free from problems.
And with only a year left on his warranty, he's hoping for a real "fix" soon.
If you've been a victim of poor KB Home Construction, contact 10 News Investigator Noah Pransky at email@example.com.
Previous KB Home coverage:
10/2/12 - State Senator pleads for AG to investigate KB
9/28/12 - Anomalies found in Willowbrook inspections
9/26/12 - Willowbrook victims seeking legal help
9/19/12 - Frustrated homeowners confront KB executive
9/13/12 - 10 News reveals KB whistleblowers tried to warn homeowners
8/8/12 - Willowbrook homeowners meet with state senator
8/4/12 - Homeowners demanding justice from KB Home
Find 10 News Investigator Noah Pransky on Facebook or follow his updates on Twitter.


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The new calendar has several new features including event notification. Now the site has the ability to notify or remind users of upcoming events. This can be achieved by either exporting a vCalander event to a program like Outlook or signing up for a specfic event notification.
Tournament details can be viewed by clicking on event details link in calendar pane.
To download the vCalendar event click on the "Export Event to Desktop"
If available you may have the website remind of you of events by filling in the text box for "Notify Me of this Event @" with your email address.
The new courses page has several new features that take advantage of Google maps. The first feature you'll notice is the customized Google map. Courses installed in the last 5 years are shown in blue while established courses are shown in red. Google can also provide customized directions to each user by using the "To here" link circled below.
From a specific course page such as the AJ Jolly course page you can also get Google directions by clicking "Google Directions" link circled below.
The page links to the Google maps page where you can click on the "To here" to get directions to the course.
Private Messaging
The private messaging works in a similiar fashion to the old website. To send a private message ensure you are logged on to the website and on forums page. Then click on the "My profile" link.
Then click on the "New Message" link to start the message.


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Poet, painter, and critic Marjorie Welish discusses the work of the early 20th-century Imagists, with a focus on Ezra Pound and H.D.(Full Audio, Approx 55 mins)
National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize winning poet C.K. Williams speaks about the life and poetry of the venerated American poet Robert Frost, the rural patrician of New England literary life. Introduction by Poets House Program Director Stephen Motika(Full audio, Approx 1 hour)
First Nations Australia Writers' Network Founder and Executive Director Cathy Craigie, brings writers, poets and storytellers Dr. Jeanine Leane, Dub Leffler, Melissa Lucashenko, Bruce Pascoe, and Ellen Van Neervan to Poets House as part of an international tour.(Full Audio, Approx 1 hr 15 mins)
Scholar and poet Rosamond King shares her insights into the groundbreaking output of 20th-century Caribbean poets, including the works of Kamau Brathwaite and M. NourbeSe Philip in this interactive seminar.(Full audio, approx. 1 hr, 15 mins.)
A reading by participants in the July 2015 week-long workshop for writers in high school, hosted by workshop leader Dave Johnson. Introduction by Poets House Children's Room Director Mike Romanos(Full Audio, approx 40 mins)
East Asian Literature Scholar and translator Paula Varsano discusses the different formal innovations and themes in Classical Chinese Poetry, with special discussion of the work of the great poets of the Tang and Sung Dynasties Li Po, Tu Fu and Wang Wei, as part of a series of programs celebrating Poets House's 25th Anniversary tracing the history of poetry from Gilgamesh to The Beats
Readings by Nickole Brown (Fanny Says, BOA Editions), Betsy Fagin (All Is Not Yet Lost, Belladonna*), Emily Hunt (Dark Green, The Song Cave), and Jessica Jacobs (Pelvis with Distance, White Pine Press)celebrate the 2015 Poets House Publication Showcase(Full Audio, Approx. 1 hr.)
Readings by Ellen Hagan (Hemisphere, Northwestern University Press/TriQuarterly), Parneshia Jones (Vessel, Milkweed Editions), Anne Marie Macari (Red Deer, Persea Books), and Jean Valentine (Shirt in Heaven, Copper Canyon Press) celebrate the 2015 Poets House Publication Showcase(Full Audio, Approx. 1 hr.)
Laura Kasischke, author of both poetry and popular novels and winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award in poetry for Space, in Chains discusses how writing poetry and prose are opposite ways of approaching material, language, and life, drawing on her own work as well as that of other multigenre writers. (Full Audio, Approx. 1 hour)
Readings by Timothy Liu (Don't Go Back to Sleep, Saturnalia Books), Sara Jane Stoner (Experience in the Medium of Destruction, Portable Press @ Yo-Yo Labs), Yolanda Wisher (Monk Eats An Afro, Hanging Loose Press), and Magdalena Zurawski (Companion Animal, Litmus Press) celebrate the 2015 Poets House Publication Showcase(Full Audio, Approx. 1 hr.)
© 2012 Poets House


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'Complete shock' in bank robbery charges against Oregon family
McMINNVILLE, Ore. -- The family from McMinnville that's behind bars in Texas on bank robbery charges was apparently having money problems before they moved to Texas this past summer.
Ronald Scott Catt and his children, Hayden and Abby, were arrested in Katy, Texas last week and officials there think they could be responsible for several Oregon bank robberies, as well.
On the former Catt home in McMinnville, there are five bullet holes in the front window -- just the latest strange twist in an even stranger case.
A notice on the home's front door that dates back to the end of June said the home has been abandoned and handed over to a mortgage company. Ronald Catt, who goes by his middle name Scott, and his son Hayden wore orange work vests and disguises as they carried guns and robbed a Texas bank, officials said. Police said Abigail drove the getaway car.
"Yeah, that's very unfortunate that you do anything like that," said Catt family acquaintance Danny Mealue. "And then to get the family members involved as well -- it's not good."
Until this past summer, Mealue helped Scott Catt with work around the family's McMinnville home. However, Scott Catt lost his engineering job with a Beaverton company and then apparently another job in Seattle.
"He did talk about selling ... selling and moving up to the Seattle area, but like I said, once he lost his job up there I stopped doing work for him," Mealue said.
Police in Texas tied the suspects to the purchase of construction vests at a Home Depot near where the Catts were living. They said the Catt family may be connected to a handful of bank robberies in Oregon, but FBI officials won't confirm whether they're looking at the case.
Hayden and Abigail Catt had been honor students at McMinnville High School. Hayden was a star on the McMinnville High School swim team and Abigail was also a member of the team.
Eric Lundeen knew all of the Catt family.
"It's a complete shock," he said. "When they were in McMinnville, you wouldn't suspect them. They were really, solid community members."
Now the family that used to live in McMinnville is being held on criminal charges in Texas. Scott and Hayden Catt face $140,000 bail while Abigail's bail is set at $100,000.


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Capitalist Peace Theory: A Critical Appraisal
Gerald Schneider
Capitalist peace theory (CPT) has gained considerable attention in international relations theory and the conflict literature. Its proponents maintain that a capitalist organization of an economy pacifies states internally and externally. They portray CPT either as a complement or as a substitute to other liberal explanations such as the democratic peace thesis. They, however, disagree about the facet of capitalism that is supposed to reduce the risk of political violence. Key contributions have identified three main drivers of the capitalist peace phenomenon: the fiscal constraints that a laissez-faire regimen puts on potentially aggressive governments, the mollifying norms that a capitalist organization creates; and the increased ability of capitalist governments to signal their intentions effectively in a confrontation with an adversary. Defining capitalism narrowly through the freedom entrepreneurs enjoy domestically, this article evaluates the key causal mechanisms and empirical evidence that have been advanced in support of these competing claims. The article argues that CPT needs to be based on a narrow definition of capitalism and that it should scrutinize motives and constraints of the main actors more deeply. Future contributions to the CPT literature should also pay close attention to classic theories of capitalism, which all considered individual risk taking and the dramatic changes between booms and busts to be key constitutive features of this form of economic governance. Finally, empirical tests of the proposed causal mechanism should rely on data sets in which capitalists appear as actors and not as "structures." If the literature takes these objections seriously, CPT could establish itself as central theory of peace and war in two respects. First, it could serve as an antidote to the theory of imperialism and other "critical" approaches that see in capitalism a source of conflict rather than of peace. Second, it could become an important complement to commercial liberalism that stresses the external openness rather than the internal freedoms as an economic cause of peace and that particularly sees trade and foreign direct investment as pacifying forces.
Comparative and International Political Economy and the Global Financial Crisis
Alison Johnston
The 2008 Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and subsequent European Debt Crisis had wide-sweeping consequences for global economic and political stability. Yet while these twin crises have prompted soul searching within the economics profession, international political economy (IPE) has been relatively ineffective in accounting for variation in crisis exposure across the developed world. The GFC and European Debt Crisis present the opportunity to link IPE and comparative political economy (CPE) together in the study of international economic and financial turmoil. While the GFC was prompted by the inter-connectedness of global financial markets, its instigators were largely domestic in nature and were reflective of negative externalities that stemmed from unsustainable national policies, especially those related to financial regulation and household debt accumulation. Many in IPE take an "outward looking in" approach to the examination of international economic developments and domestic politics; analysis rests on how the former impacts the latter. The GFC and European Debt Crisis, however, demonstrate the importance of a (CPE-based) "inward looking out" approach, analyzing how unique policy and political features (and failures) of individual nation states can unleash economic and financial instability at the global level amidst deepened economic and financial integration. IPE not only needs to grant greater attention to variation in domestic politics and policies in a time of closely integrated financial markets, but also should acknowledge the impact of a wider array of actors beyond banks and financial institutions (specifically more domestically rooted actors like households) on cross-national variation in the consumption of foreign credit.
The Domestic Politics of International Cooperation
Christina J. Schneider
How does domestic politics affect international cooperation? Even though classic work on international relations already acknowledges the central role of domestic politics in international relations, the first generation of scholarly work on international cooperation focused almost exclusively on the international sources of cooperation. Theories that explicitly link domestic politics and international cooperation did not take a more prominent place in the scholarly work on international cooperation until the late 1980s.
Recent research analyzes how interests and institutions at the domestic level affect the cooperation of governments at the international level. The analysis is structured along a political economy model, which emphasizes the decision making calculus of office-motivated political leaders who find themselves under pressure by different societal groups interested in promoting or hindering international cooperation. These pressures are conveyed, constrained, and calibrated by domestic institutions, which provide an important context for policy making, and in particular for the choice to cooperate at the international level. This standard political economy model of domestic politics is embedded within models of international cooperation, which entail decisions by governments about (a) whether to cooperate (and to comply with international agreements), (b) how to distribute the gains and costs from cooperation, (c) and how to design cooperation as to maximize the likelihood that the public good will be provided.
Domestic politics is significant to explain all aspects of international cooperation. The likelihood that governments engage in international cooperation does not only depend on international factors, but is also and sometimes predominantly driven by the demands of societal groups and variations in institutional structures across countries. Domestic factors can explain how governments behave in distributive negotiations, whether they can achieve advantageous deals, and if negotiations succeed to produce an international collective action. They also contribute to our understanding about whether and how governments comply with international agreements, and consequently, how the design of international institutions affects government compliance. More recently, scholars have become interested in the democratic responsiveness of governments when they cooperate at the international level. Whereas research is still sparse, emerging evidence points to responsive conduct of governments particularly when international cooperation is politicized at the national level.
Economic Incentives as Weapons of War
Katherine Barbieri
International relations scholars tend to differentiate between a state's use of military and economic instruments of power and also between rewards and punishments. In conflict scenarios, leaders are typically depicted as facing a choice between using military versus economic forms of punishment to achieve desired political outcomes. The role of economic rewards is seldom analyzed within the context of adversarial relations or within combat operations. The U.S. military has used money in combat and noncombat operations to influence actors and shape the operational environment in a manner favorable to the troops. There has been some attention devoted to the military's noncombatant role and to efforts to win hearts and minds. Little attention has been devoted to the use of money in kinetic operations. The military's use of money in its operations, including counterinsurgency and stability operations, provides insight for international relations scholars interested in when economic inducements may be effective within adversarial relations or conflict situations. It represents a form of targeted sanctions, in the sense of applying positive inducements selectively at the micro level, to achieve macro-level objectives. The U.S. military has relied on a growing body of empirical research in persuasion science to inform its operations. The case and findings from persuasion science could contribute to understanding the problems and possibilities of harnessing the power of money to achieve political outcomes.
Emerging Powers in Foreign Policy
Leslie Wehner
Emerging powers are usually referred to as states whose increasing material capacities and status-seeking strategies may potentially have an impact on the international system and also affect the dominant position of the hegemonic powers therein. The rising of new powers is a recurrent phenomenon in international relations. When talking about emerging powers, scholars associate the words with the so-called BRICS states: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The emergence of BRICS, and especially of China, poses the question of whether the rising process is a peaceful one. Realism, institutionalism, and constructivism have all dealt with the possible systemic impacts of the BRICS states. BRICS nations seem to be reformist rather than disruptive, meaning that they are pushing for the better representation of their self-perceived new status in multilateral institutions rather than challenging the current system per se. In terms of foreign policy, BRICS states interact with well-established powers such as the United States and European ones—herein they display balancing or bandwagoning strategies, as they do also toward each other. Moreover, well-established powers either accommodate or contest the rising process and status claims of these emerging powers. However, BRICS states are also regional powers. Regional peers contest the rising processes of BRICS and particularly claims to global powerhood.
While BRICS can be seen as striving for the reform of multilateral institutions, the traditional view of BRICS as a homogenous force, comprising countries with similar interests, is sometimes misleading. Even though BRICS states have their own institution with a new bank, they also pursue different interests within traditional institutions. Therefore, the existing literature on BRICS is tilted toward systemic and institutional concerns. Although works taking into consideration the interplay between the domestic and international levels in foreign policy analysis do exist, they are not necessarily related to emerging processes and rarely go beyond foreign economic policy issues. People, leaders, and governmental institutions are decision makers or are part of the decision-making process in foreign policy, and thus they form perceptions and act according to how the rising process of the state is unfolding. An integration of the systemic, state, and personal levels captures the essence of the foreign policies of BRICS states in the context of rising and can take into consideration the ups and downs and stalemates of rising-process trajectories in international politics.
The Eurozone Crises
Kurt Hübner
Even the most critical observers of the creation of the euro found some nice words on the occasion of its 10th anniversary. And yet it needed only a marginal event like the announcement of the newly elected Greek government that the previously stated public debt ratio was gravely miscalculated to move the euro into a critical crisis zone. Swiftly the attention of private credit markets turned to more member states of the eurozone, only to eventually detect that financial stability of banks did not meet sustainability indicators.
What is often labeled as "eurozone crisis" is better understood by a political-economic forensic analysis that rather speaks of eurozone crises. First, the causes for financial and then sovereign debt crises of Greece, Spain, Portugal, and Ireland (to name only the most prominent) differ fundamentally. They were triggered by the same events but caused by differing factors. Second, it is a crisis of economic governance, and thus an institutional crisis that needs fundamental institutional changes. Third, it is a crisis of political leadership.
The overlapping character as well as the interplay of those three dimensions hampers a proper understanding of the dynamics of the processes that started in 2010. By differentiating between national crisis causes, triggering mechanisms, policy responses, and multi-level crises management, we suggest a comprehensive analytical framework that may guide current as well as future research in the operating of an incomplete currency union.
The Expansion of Economic Freedom and the Capitalist Peace
Erich Weede
On the one hand, the idea of a capitalist peace is a set of loosely integrated, but testable propositions. On the other hand it is part of a wider, libertarian philosophy of life. The spirit of this wider conception is best expressed by a quote from a pioneer of quantitative international politics, in 1981 Rummel wrote, "If you want peace, then minimize the power of government." Although there has been a proliferation of variables assessing capitalism and economic interdependence—from economic freedom via contract intensity to the avoidance of state ownership or protectionism—the most frequently analyzed proposition about the capitalist peace says that trade makes military conflict and war less likely. By and large, the evidence supports this proposition in dyadic designs as well as in monadic designs. This cross-design validity of the proposition is important, because it distinguishes the peace by trade proposition from the democratic peace proposition. Most researchers agree that war is extremely unlikely in dyads where both nations are democracies. But only a minority contends that democracies are less frequently involved in military conflict than other states. The dyadic and the monadic findings are compatible because military conflict looks even more likely between an autocracy and a democracy than between two autocracies. Whereas the democratic peace is limited in application, the pacifying impact of trade or economic interdependence is more general. Moreover, the democratic peace may be embedded in a wider economic or capitalist peace. There is strong evidence that democracy rests on a foundation of capitalism or economic freedom and the prosperity that has been gained only by capitalism or some degree of economic freedom. Moreover, economic freedom and prosperity contribute to the avoidance of civil war. Better still: Economic freedom does not only promote economic growth and prosperity among those nations where people enjoy economic freedom, but the economic freedom of rich countries provides poor countries with the advantages of backwardness and catch-up opportunities.
Capitalist peace theory evolves. It has been suggested that the pacifying impact of trade rests on the expectation that trade, or access to resources and markets, will continue. This suggestion requires a new look at economic sanctions, too. By interfering with trade, sanctions must undermine the expectation of future benefits of trade and globally interconnected markets. Given the rareness of evidence in favor of the effectiveness of economic sanctions in eliminating undesirable policies of other nations, a capitalist peace perspective implies the recommendation to use sanctions much less frequently than politicians do. They are likely to eliminate a pacifying factor when it is most urgently needed.
The wider or visionary perspective on the capitalist peace is useful not only in connecting it with the issue of sanctions, but also in demonstrating the inherent limitations of capitalism as a tool to achieve peace. From a static perspective, capitalism, economic freedom, or trade may exert some pacifying impact, as argued above. But capitalism is a dynamic economic order. It is about "creative destruction". Capitalism is not egalitarian. Nations grow at different speeds. They rise and decline. Capitalism and unequal economic growth upset pecking orders and contribute to power transitions that are related to risks of war, especially great power war. Whether the contribution of capitalism to power transitions—or its pacifying impact prevails—cannot be judged with much confidence.
Fiscal Politics
Mark Hallerberg
The topic of fiscal politics includes taxation and spending, budget balances and debt levels, and crises and the politics of austerity. The discussion often focuses on how some variable—such as the international environment, or political institutions—constrains "politics" in this realm. Almost omnipresent concerns about endogeneity run through this research. While this is a "big" policy area that deserves study, tracing causation is difficult.
How Did American International Political Economy Become Reductionist? A Historiography of a Discipline
W. Kindred Winecoff
First-wave international political economy (IPE) was preoccupied with the "complex interdependencies" within a world system that (it believed) was rapidly devolving following the 1971 collapse of the Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates. The original IPE scholars were more dedicated to theorizing about the emergence and evolution of global systems than any strict methodology. As IPE developed, it began to emphasize the possibility that institutions could promote cooperation in an anarchic environment, so IPE scholarship increasingly studied the conditions under which these institutions might emerge.
Second-wave IPE scholars began to focus on the domestic "level of analysis" for explanatory power, and in particular analyzed the role of domestic political institutions in promoting global economic cooperation (or conflict). They also employed a "second-image reversed" paradigm in which the international system was treated as an explanatory variable that influenced the domestic policymaking process.
In opening up the "black box" of domestic politics, in particular as it pertained to foreign economic policy, the "American school" of IPE thoroughly explored the terrain with regression-based statistical models that assume observational independence. As a result, complex interdependencies in the global system were increasingly ignored. Over time the analytical focus progressively shifted to micro-level units—firms and individuals, whenever possible—using neoclassical economic theory as its logical underpinning (with complications for political factors). This third wave of IPE, "open economy politics," has been criticized in the post-crisis period for its narrow focus, rigid methodology, and lack of systemic theory. Leading scholars have called modern IPE "boring," "deplorable," "myopic," and "reductionist," among other epithets.
A "fourth-wave" of IPE must retain its strong commitment to empiricism while re-integrating systemic processes into its analysis. A new class of complex statistical models is capable of incorporating interdependencies as well as domestic- and individual-level processes into a common framework. This will allow scholars to model the global political economy as an interdependent system consisting of multiple strata.
Immigration and International Political Economy
Margaret E. Peters
Immigration has largely been neglected as part of the study of International Political Economy (IPE) until recently. Currently, IPE scholars have focused on two questions regarding immigration: what explains variation in public opinion on immigration and what explains variation in immigration policy.
The scholarship on public opinion on immigration has largely been divided into two camps, those who argue that economic factors drive opinion and those who argue that cultural factors are the driver. Those who study the role economic factors have played in shaping opinion on immigration often start with the Stolper-Samuelson theorem. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem shows that while immigration increases the overall size of the economy, it has different distributional effects. Immigration increases the size of the labor pool and, thus, should increase the returns to capital while decreasing wages. As such, those who derive most of their income from capital should favor immigration while those who derive most of their income from wages should oppose immigration. Additionally, the Stolper-Samuelson model shows that openness to trade should have the same effects as open immigration; thus, people should oppose or favor both trade and immigration. Early scholarship examined these predictions and found that opposition to immigration was much higher than opposition to trade and that those who derive much of their income from capital also oppose immigration at high rates. In response, one set of scholars focused on the additional costs that immigration, but not trade, brings. Immigrants, unlike goods, may place a burden on the social welfare system and thus, opposition to immigration especially by the wealthy may be driven by these costs. Other scholars noted that immigrants work in many industries that are unaffected by trade—most notably the service sector—and this may explain opposition to immigration. Finally, a third group has argued that opposition to immigration is largely driven by cultural concerns and xenophobia. Currently, this debate continues with both sides examining more nuanced survey data.
Scholarship on immigration policy has similar divides. Immigration policy has become more restrictive since the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when most countries had very few restrictions on immigration. To explain these restrictions, one school of scholars has argued that labor unions oppose immigration, as it hurts the wages of their members. As unions gain strength, immigration should become more restricted. Others focus on the rise of the welfare state, arguing that immigration has been restricted to keep costs low. A third group has argued that greater political rights in the early and mid-20th century for the generally xenophobic working class has led to the restrictions. Finally, new scholarship argues that increased globalization—in the form of increased trade and increased foreign direct investment—has sapped business support for immigration, which has allowed anti-immigrant groups to have more say. Using a wealth of newly collected data, scholars are testing these different theories.
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Researchers from Finland investigated the effects of endurance exercise and power sports on disk degeneration in monozygotic male twins with contrasting lifetime exercise histories. The age range for these twins was between 35 to 69 years. The disks were evaluated with a MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Twenty-two twin pairs were studied where one twin was a regular endurance type exerciser (i.e. running, cross-country skiing) and the other was generally sedentary. No differences where found in disk degeneration in these twins. A second group of twelve twins were studied where one twin was involved in power sports (mainly weightlifting) while the other was also relatively sedentary. In this second group, there was a slightly increased risk for disk degeneration in the lower thoracic spine, but not in the lumbar spine in the power lifters.
Recreational exercise does not seem to pose any problems in relation to disk degeneration
Comments: Recreational exercise does not seem to pose any problems in relation to disk degeneration


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Merck (NYSE:MRK) narrowly topped expectations on Friday with a 2.2% increase in second-quarter profits, but the pharmaceutical giant's sales and updated guidance disappointed.
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Shares of the blue-chip drug maker dipped almost 1% in the wake of the mixed results.
Merck said it earned $1.73 billion, or 56 cents a share, last quarter, compared with a profit of $1.69 billion, or 55 cents a share, a year earlier. Excluding one-time items, it earned 95 cents a share, up by a penny from a year ago and beating the Street's view of 92 cents.
Like many multinationals, Merck suffered a decline in sales, which slid 4% to $11.49 billion. Analysts had been forecasting more robust revenue of $11.57 billion.
"Our strong global sales this quarter offset the impact of the Singulair patent expiry in the U.S.," CEO Kenneth Frazier said in a statement.
Due to expiration of the Singulair patent in the U.S. in early August, sales of the drug plunged 55% year-over-year to $602 million. On the other hand, Merck generated double-digit sales increases for a number of other drugs, including Januvia, Gardasil and Janumet.
Merck said its animal health sales dipped 1% to $815 million, while its customer care revenue rose 7% to $451 million.
Looking ahead, Merck forecasted non-GAAP EPS of $3.78 to $3.82, compared with consensus calls from analysts for $3.81. Management maintained its forecast for full-year sales to be flat with 2011.
White House Station, N.J.-based Merck saw its shares sink 0.65% to $46.00 in premarket trading. The declines should do little to eat into 23% rally so far this year.
Rival Pfizer (NYSE:PFE) is scheduled to report third-quarter results early next week.


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Sophia Bush's Annoying Airplane Flight
Sophia Bush was all smiles despite the fact her flight was delayed for over 2 hours when she arrived at LAX airport on Tuesday.
The One Tree Hill star wore a wrap around cardigan before taking it off because it was too hot. Drinking water and checking her cell phone, Sophia then waited for half an hour for her luggage to arrive.
At the 2008 Teen Choice Awards, Sophia, 26, talked about the different complicated and difficult issues teens face today.
"There are so many. They attack celebrities on blogs and teenagers are attacking each other on MySpace. There is so much negativity around, especially for young women," Sophia said.
"They're so competitive. You just hope they'll learn to love themselves for what they are. Embrace yourself. I'd like to see press outlets doing stories on women of all types. We all have different goals, passions and dreams and you need examples."
10+ more pics inside of Sophia Bush's annoying airplane flight…


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MIAMI (AP) — Tropical Storm Erick, the fifth named storm of the season, has formed in the eastern Pacific.
The U.S. National Hurricane Center in Miami said a tropical storm warning was in effect on the southwestern Mexican coast Thursday night from Lazaro Cardenas to Manzanillo. A watch was in effect for Acapulco to east of Lazaro Cardenas and from west of Manzanillo to La Fortuna.
Erick was centered 140 miles (225 kms) south of Acapulco. It was moving toward the northwest near 12 mph (19 kph) and had maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (75 kph).
Following the forecast track, the center of Erick is expected to move parallel to the southwestern Mexico coast but remain offshore.
Meanwhile, former Hurricane Dalila weakened to a tropical depression in the eastern Pacific late Thursday.


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Shad Khan arrived in Jacksonville as an energized new owner promising to turn around the fortunes of the floundering Jaguars. One year in, Khan has some big decisions to make.
The team is 1-7 and showing too many of the same weaknesses that made last year's Jaguars outfit a disaster.
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Khan said this week he'll wait until after the season to evaluate the performance of first-year coach Mike Mularkey and longtime general manager Gene Smith. Both men signed three-year contracts, but they won't be judged as a package deal.
"What I want to evaluate is really the organization," Khan told The Florida Times-Union. "I think people are one part of it."
Khan was asked if Mularkey's on a longer leash just one year into coaching the team. The owner was vague.
"Some of these answers might not be satisfying," Khan said. "The simple fact is I really want to satisfy people in the short-term. But what's more important is the long-term. We don't (want to) make the wrong decisions now that we pay a price over time. This is a life lesson. You have to be concerned about short-term ... but you don't want to be making decisions that compromise the success of the organization in the long-term."
Our advice: It would be a good idea for Mularkey to win a few games sooner than later. The season -- which continues Thursday night against the Indianapolis Colts -- is slipping away into an abyss, but Khan chafed at the notion that losing has become comfortable for the Jaguars.
"There's nobody here that's happy with the results," Khan said.
Follow Marc Sessler on Twitter @MarcSesslerNFL.


text: A study by Purdue University shows the overall death rate from accidents on American farms is declining, but the number of fatalities from grain bin entrapments has been stubbornly steady. The peak was 2010 in which 51 people, mostly teenagers died. Iowa's volunteer firefighters are getting updated training and new equipment in case a rescue is needed.


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Finding your true love on an online dating is best option for the busy single. Whether you are looking for a friend, long term relationship or marriage our web site allows you to find that special someone. Find Peck romance can be fun and easy with matchmaker search and communication features.
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I think its somewhere in the middle. Ottawa had a pretty stellar game road game. We were okay, at best.mathonwy wrote:Are we seriously this bad?
Or is Ottawa playing a good game?
I honestly can't tell..
I've noted before, this team is going no where without Ryan Kesler.
And likely, won't go far with David Booth, Manny Malhotra and one of Ballard, Rome or Alberts having a breakthrough.
Though we've seen this year-after-year with the Canucks. A malaise followed by inspired play. They will get cooking.


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SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Several lanes of the freeway that carries traffic south into San Francisco had to be closed after a tractor-trailer got stuck while trying to pass through the Golden Gate Bridge toll plaza.
Bridge spokeswoman Mary Currie says the front of the truck became wedged between a pair of toll booths Monday morning when the driver tried to drive through a narrow lane meant for cars. The cab suffered a broken axle due to the tight fit.
CHP Officer Andrew Barclay says the driver told authorities he tried to merge into one of the wide lanes designed for trucks but couldn't because of traffic.
Barclay says a tow truck freed the truck after about 2 1/2 hours.
Currie says the mishap caused some minor damage to the bridge's electronic toll-taking equipment.


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Photo submitted by firstname.lastname@example.com
Contributed on 1/29/08 by tuffi
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Record #: 12501
On this site you can upload gravestone photos, locate ancestors and perform genealogy research. If you have a relative buried in Arkansas, we encourage you to upload a digital image using our Submit a Photo page. Contributing to this genealogy archive helps family historians and genealogy researchers locate their relatives and complete their family tree.
Submitted: 1/29/08 • Approved: 8/19/14 • Last Updated: 8/22/14 • R12501-G0-S3


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For Pfeiffer there are 2347 on Yasni with different names. The most frequently searched first names for Pfeiffer are: Alex, Fran, Lothar
Among the most common last names on Yasni Pfeiffer is on position 2418.
During the last seven days Pfeiffer was searched 2 times.
- Middle High German occupational name "Phifer" -> "piper, fiddler" - Pipere (c. 1296), Pfeyffer (c. 1395), Phiffer (c. 1418)


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Resolve to Help Researchers Learn More About Cancer!
Resolve to Help Researchers Learn More About Cancer!
Did you know you can help researchers learn more about cancer and how to prevent it?
The American Cancer Society is inviting men and women between the ages of 30 and 65 years who have no personal history of cancer to join a historic research study. The Cancer Prevention Study – 3 (CPS-3) promises to shed light on many of the factors that affect cancer risk. The Society needs at least 300,000 people to enroll in the study – people from various racial and ethnic backgrounds from all across the US.
WGAL 8 encourages you to learn more about the study at this web site....and to consider joining others who are doing their part to help fight cancer!
For a direct link to the registration site, click this link.


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Applicants for the Certificate of Clinical Competence in Audiology (CCC-A) must submit an application under the
2012 Standards for Certification in Audiology and are required to have a doctoral degree.
You may submit an application any time after you have completed the necessary coursework, practicum, and received the required doctoral degree from a CAA-accredited academic program. When completing your application please consult the
list of institution codes [PDF] to determine the code for your college or university. To begin the application process for your certification, you must first submit these items together:
Before completing the certification process, you must also submit the following:
ASHA's Certification and Membership programs are based upon a calendar year and subject to rates listed below. Applications received between September 1 and December 31 will be processed for the current year but will include membership and certification through the following year. Please submit payment in full with your application according to your selected category below. All dues/fees payments are non-refundable.
The maintenance of your certification and/or membership, in addition to continuing professional development requirements (if applicable), is dependent upon payment of your annual dues and fees.
Once received at the National Office, please allow 4–6 weeks and sometimes as long as 6–8 weeks during very busy periods for the review of your completed application and all additional required documentation. Certification cannot be awarded until we have verified that all requirements of the standards have been met.
Consult the
Audiology Certification Handbook [PDF] or contact the Action Center at 800-498-2071 with any questions about applying for ASHA certification.
ASHA Convention by the Numbers: What can convention attendees expect to find in Boston? Let's crunch some numbers.
ICD-10 Updates Take Effect Oct. 1
Portable Music Players Linked to Hearing Loss in Kids
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The ASHA Action Center welcomes questions and requests for information from members and non-members.
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The world of Fulheim is sustained and has prospered through its use of a luminescent technology known as "leys," the source of all magical energies. However, the world totters on the brink of collapse as creatures from outside wreck havoc and inner turmoil threatens order and peace.
Amidst ever more frequently occurring riots, creatures called "Contaminant Dragons" pose the gravest of threats to the empire of Meridian. As the creatures increase their numbers the environment quivers with a strange phenomenon known as "crystallization." Reports from across the world credit the mysterious pollution to these monsters, yet killing them would only unleash another series of disasters, as their very bodies poison the air upon death.
Players will jump into the shoes of L'Arc, a calm and composed mercenary, who sets out to defend the Meridian Empire from an impending invasion of ferocious creatures. After assembling a party of friends, each with a unique set of abilities, players will embark on a perilous journey across an overworld filled with deadly enemies and treacherous dungeons. While strategically queuing up attacks, players can summon mystical creatures and work with their party members to execute massive attacks.
Rise Fantasia is a product of old and new, combining gorgeous graphics with modern gameplay while bringing classic Japanese high fantasy role-playing action involving airships and dragons.
Key Features :
- A True RPG on Wii – The drought is over as fans of traditional Japanese RPGs finally get an exclusive title with an epic storyline on their system.
- Collaboration between Top Talent – In addition to the creative talents of Marvelous Entertainment and Image Epoch, the character designer of Eureka Seven fame, Kenichi Yoshida, and the composer behind such classics as Chrono Trigger and Xenogears, Yasunori Mitsuda, are onboard as well.
- The Trinity Action Battle System – A turn-based system, party members draw from the same Attack Power (AP) gauge for strategic energy allocation, allowing for a single character to string multiple attacks or for multiple characters to perform a combination attack.
- Summon Creatures for More Than Brawn – Not only can the summon beasts wreck havoc in combat, but they provide access to invaluable knowledge to aid you in your quest.
More articles about Arc Rise Fantasia


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News Release
Wednesday, December 1, 2010
Wilmington Man Killed in Shooting NR10559bb
Los Angeles: Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Harbor Area Homicide detectives are asking the public to provide information that would lead to the arrest of the suspects wanted for killing 27-year-old Johnny Carbajal.Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Harbor Area Homicide detectives are asking the public to provide information that would lead to the arrest of the suspects wanted for killing 27-year-old Johnny Carbajal.
On November 29, 2010 at about 8 p.m., Harbor Area patrol officers responded to a 9-1-1- call of a shooting at an apartment building located in the 900 block of North Fries Avenue. When the officers arrived, they found a male victim, later identified as Johnny Carbajal of Wilmington, lying on the floor inside of an apartment unit with what appeared to be multiple gunshot wounds to his torso.
Los Angeles Fire Department paramedics responded to the scene and transported Carbajal to a local hospital where he was pronounced dead.
Detectives believe that Carbajal was involved in a verbal dispute with an unknown male Hispanic who was wearing the colors of a rival gang inside the apartment building. Carbajal later went into an apartment unit where he was confronted by two other male Hispanic suspects. One of the suspects pulled a handgun and shot Carbajal multiple times. The suspects are described as male Hispanics, about 20 to 25-years-old, no further information was available. Detectives believe that this shooting was gang related.
Anyone with information on this crime is asked to call Harbor Area Homicide Detectives Rodriguez or Batres at 310-726-7887 or 7880. During non-business hours or on weekends, calls should be directed to 1-877-LAPD-24-7. Anyone wishing to remain anonymous should call Crimestoppers at 1-800-222-TIPS (800-222-8477). Tipsters may also contact Crimestoppers by texting to phone number 274637 (C-R-I-M-E-S on most keypads) with a cell phone. All text messages should begin with the letters "LAPD." Tipsters may also go to LAPDOnline.org, click on "webtips" and follow the prompts.