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Snare Drums
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Recording Custom Stainless Steel Snare Drums
Recording Custom Snare Stainless Steel Models.2 size variations.
Wood Snare Drums
Live Custom
Live Custom Oak snare drums focus on playing in live situations using 1.2mm oak plies which provide a powerful low-end that shakes your soul. This snare drum sounds more fitted for this series drum sets with its materials and colors used same as toms of its series.
Stage Custom Birch
Stage custom snare drum sounds more fitted for this series drum sets with its materials and colors used same as toms of its series.
The answer to the question is drums that give you the sound you need, whenever you need it. Tonal requirements vary among drummers, differ with dynamics, and change, from band to band, song to song, moment to moment. With the Absolute Hybrid Series drums, Yamaha has succeeded in addressing this, with a drum set that possesses an extraordinary degree of expressive power, allowing drummers to pursue a level of expression that perhaps they've not experience before in their other drums. These drums offer a wide dynamic range that allows them to respond accurately to each and every stroke, and follow changes in dynamics, nuance, and touch, letting you play what you want to play.
Signature Snare Drums
Akira Jimbo Signature Snare
To commemorate a rewarding 35-year partnership, Yamaha has collaborated with Akira Jimbo, one of Japan's most renowned drummers, to develop the Akira Jimbo signature snare drum, taking a fresh, innovative and logical approach to crafting a high-end snare that reflects the style and technique of this uniquely talented musician.


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Melinda Lopez writes about what she knows in "Becoming Cuba, " playing in its New England premiere at the Boston Center for the Arts.
Melinda Lopez writes about what she knows in "Becoming Cuba." As the daughter of Cuban immigrants, and a wife and mother, she takes on the themes of country and family in her latest drama, playing in its New England premiere at the Boston Center for the Arts.
A gifted actress as well as playwright-in-residence at the Huntington Theatre Company, Lopez has set her drama in the Cuba of the late 1890s, just before the start of the Spanish-American war. The Cubans are rebelling against decades of Spanish occupation, under fiery leaders who commit as many atrocities as their ferocious oppressors. Neither side wants to give in or give up, despite the terrible losses of fighting men and ravages of war wreaked on the civilian population. The United States has not yet entered the combat.
The central characters are Adela, a recent widow whose husband was a Loyalist to the Spanish cause, her younger sister, Martina, and their half-brother, Manny, a rebel with a price on his head. Adela has continued to run her husband's pharmacy, with her sister's help. The action begins when the disguised Manny returns, begging Adela to bring medical supplies and return with him to run the guerilla army's hospital.
The other characters are Davis, an American war correspondent, determined to report the desperation of the Cuban people in their quest for freedom in order to bring the U.S. might into the war; Fancy, an aristocratic, unhappy wife, and Isidore, her beast of a husband, second in command of the invading army. Chucho, an orphan of the conflict, provides a connecting thread throughout the play.
These characters tend to behave more like symbols of the "war is hell" theme than real people, despite the romance at the center of the play and the strained family ties. They form a contrast to the quartet of ghosts culled from the island's history who appear in spotlight throughout the play, as if Lopez were determined to give us the entire history of Cuba along with the drama. A Conquistador appears at the beginning in a puff of stage smoke to speak the "blood will beget blood" message; a Taino Indian woman whose tribe was friendly to the explorers but then wiped out by them glides in a window like a wisp from the forest. Later we meet a second Conquistador describing the beauty of the island as the Spaniards first saw it, followed by a boy soldier, a sardonic Peter Pan who has lost his innocence in the deluge of fire and blood.
Lopez writes monologues for these figures from the past that mix current references and humor into her evocative passages of poetry, describing the beauty of the island as an Eden before the fall from grace. Four of the actors double in the 1890s characters and the dream-like roles.
Director M. Bevin O'Gara quickens the pace in the second act, after a confusing first act where too much information is delivered in muddled fashion. The competent ensemble of actors is led by the resolute but stiff Christina Pumariega as Adela; the sympathetic Christopher Tarjan as the do-gooder of an outsider, Davis; and the fiery Juan Javier Cardenas as Manny, the live-for-today firebrand of a revolutionary. Brandon Barbosa makes Chucho into a lively boy, threading through the entire story.
In fairness to the actors, Lopez gives them a human sub-text by the climax when she allows them to become more than metaphors for the qualities of loyalty, patriotism, and concern for their fellow men. One might wish that the set of a high-ceilinged pharmacy, designed by Cameron Anderson, looked more like a shop in a country under siege rather than a fashionable meeting place, or that Andrea Hood's elegant costumes for Adela fit the playwright's image of a woman trying to survive during a war. Lopez has brought a large number of issues into the play that resonate to contemporary times, perhaps to remind us that we have not learned our lessons from the past.

subset: commoncrawl


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http://espn.go.com/blog/atlanta-falcons ... o-contract
Falcons, first-round pick Keanu Neal agree to contract
Vaughn McClure
ESPN Staff Writer
The Atlanta Falcons and first-round draft pick Keanu Neal agreed to terms on a four-year contract.
Financial terms were not immediately available, but a source indicated it was fully guaranteed deal that includes a fifth-year option.
According to the team, Neal will sign his contract before rookies report for minicamp on Thursday.
"Glad to get it done and out of the way," Neal told ESPN.com. "Ready to focus on football and work towards getting to the Super Bowl."
Neal, a strong safety out of Florida, was the 17th overall pick in the draft. Last year's 17th pick, Arik Armstead of the San Francisco 49ers, signed a four-year deal worth a fully guaranteed $9,842,628 with a signing bonus of $5,418,276.
With the way contracts are slotted now, Neal and his agent, Harold Lewis, obviously believed there was no need to drag out the process.
Neal is expected to make an immediate impact as the team's starting strong safety.
Neal is very eager to play
All things related to the Atlanta Falcons, NFL and pro football related.
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Homemade pizza is easier than you think. Give these recipes a try.
This pizza dough is quick, easy and perfect every time! Use to make your favorite pizza.
Here's a great pizza, a diversion from the usual tomato marinara for your next party. Also impressive when you want to make an exotic dinner for someone special.
Straight out of a gourmet Italian pizzeria, here's a great recipe for an unusual, super delicious veggie pizza. Add any kind of cooked meat on top, if you wish.
Freshly baked personal-sized pizzas, loaded with fresh tomato slices and topped up with cheeses, olives and fresh herbs. A delicious way to welcome your guests!
Don't be shy to try this unusual, super easy, decadent dessert. And if she asks, tell ma you're getting your protein and carbs both in this dish ;)
A great veggie pizza- ready made pizza crust baked with sun dried tomatoes, balsamic vinegar and tangy molten feta cheese, sprinkled with fresh kali mirchi. Serve with a leafy salad. Yum!
I love pizza! And I am always looking for new ways to make it. This "experiment" turned out quite well. With the help of a few fresh vegetables, the chicken curry I made for lunch turned into a great pizza.
This tasty pizza includes a variety of toppings to suit every taste. It is easy and fun to make. Serve with a big salad, full of spinach, tomato, onions, cheese, cabbage and other leafy greens.
If you have a ready made pizza base, you can make this Mediterranean pizza in just 20 mins! An unforgettable dish for casual dinner or a gourmet kids party!
Try this tasty no-cheese pizza made with chickpeas, capsicum, and onion. You can sprinkle extra whole cooked chickpeas over the pizza if you want.


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MORGANTOWN, W.Va. (AP) — The U.S. Labor Department says it has approved new federal rules that could help save lives at dangerous mines with a pattern of safety violations.
The agency says the rules approved Thursday also put more responsibility on companies to find and fix hazards.
The changes were first proposed less than a year after the Upper Big Branch mine exploded in April 2010, killing 29 men. It was the worst U.S. coal mine disaster in four decades. Since then, Labor Secretary Hilda Solis says the agency has undertaken "a serious and comprehensive evaluation of mine safety practices."
Among other things, the rules let MSHA designate a company a pattern violator without a prior warning.


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Bizline: Summit Dancers is an after-school dance program and more
September 17, 2012
A: Summit Dancers is an, "at-school, after-school" dance program. Our participants have the opportunity to learn and perform a variety of dance styles at school and community events.
A:I'm originally from Dallas and have been living in Colorado about five years and in Summit County for three years. Speaking with community members, I was told that the after-school programs had been cut but the need for activities remains. My goal is to serve the parents and children of Summit Dancers with a convenient, fun and affordable program that will create memories they can carry with them for a lifetime.
A:Dancing from the age of three, I have experience in a variety of dance styles such as jazz, hip-hop, character and dance/drill. Since the age of 14, I've been teaching children the art of dance. In high school I served as an officer on the drill team. I've worked at a variety of dance studios throughout the Dallas metroplex, including Dallas Powerhouse of Dance. In 2005, I auditioned and was accepted to be a member of the Kilgore College Rangerettes. As a Rangerette, I performed on Carnival Cruise Lines, the Chicago McDonald's Thanksgiving Day parade and community performances.
A:Summit Dancers encourages the importance of education, healthy eating and seeks to build character and memories for a lifetime. Our program consists of a snack, short study time and dancing all located at the schools of Summit County. This eliminates the need for after-school transportation and allows parents to finish their workday before returning to pick up their child.
A:Any parent with a child in school who wants their child to be active an involved instead of being home unattended and watching TV.
A:We hope to expand our program to all the elementary, middle and high schools in the near future.


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First off thank you guys all for a great year again for OCC. Thank you to all of the companies that supported OCC this year and a big thank you to all of the companies listed below that came through for this great contest. I would also like to give a shout out to all the websites that have supported us this year by posting our news or talking about us on the Radio thank you very much for your support as well
Let's get started here is the list of Prizes:
Grand Prize
Intel I7 965 Extreme (Supplied By Bosco)
Asus P6 X58-E WS (Supplied By Asus)
Corsair Dominator GT 12GB 2000Mhz with Cooling Fan. (Supplied By Corsair)
GTX 570 (Supplied By Nvidia and Zotac)
3TB Seagate Harddrive (Supplied By Seagate)
LG DVDRW (Supplied By Bosco)
Corsair 600T Black (Supplied By Corsair)
Corsair H100 Cooler (Supplied By Corsair)
Corsair TX750 Watt PSU (Supplied By Corsair)
Vengeance 1500 Headset (Supplied By Corsair)
Here is the break down for the other prizes:
2 X Performance Pro 128 SSD's
2 X 1050HX PSU's
4 X Vengeance 1500 Headsets
5 X 8GB Vengeance Memory Kits (CMZ8GX3M2A1866C9R)
Level 10 GT Case
Challenger Pro Keyboard
Black Gaming Mouse
Shock One Headset
5850 Xtreme Video Card
Pure A75 Motherboard
MiniPC HD2
240GB Chronos Deluxe SSD
120GB SSD Bundle
16GB Ripjaws 9-10-9-28 1.5V
120GB Pyro SSD
16GB X79 Viper Xtreme Division 4 Kit
Z68AP-D3 Motherboard
A75M-UD2H Motherboard
1250 Watt PSU
War Pad
KUHLER H20 620 Cooler
NotePal 2
Spawn Mouse
V6GT Cooler
Elite 370 With 400W PSU
1 x Noctua NH-D14 CPU Cooler + LGA2011 Mounting Kit
5 x Noctua NF-S12B FLX 120mm fan
5 x Noctua NT-H1 thermal compound
1x Coolink LapChilla laptop cooler
5 x Coolink SWiF2 120P 120mm PWM fan
5 x Coolink Chillaramic thermal compound
GTX 550Ti Video Card
Tempest 410 Case
HAVIK 140 Cooler
Bench table Hard v2.5 graphite black
Toledo 301 Case
Dracula VGA heatsink 9 with 4 UF120 Fans
Assassin CPU Cooler
Outlaw Case
4 X 30cm LED Strips Red and Green
3 X Yapster Blaster Headset with XjacKer Amplifier
CS1792 USB/HDMI KVMP Switch
3 X SLI Mod VGA Coolers
6 X Graphic Protectors (Prevents Surging)
3 T-Shirts
4 X PH-TC14PE CPU Coolers (One of each color)
4 X PH-F140TS Fan's (One of each color)
Ozone Gaming
Onda HX headset compatible with PC & Xbox/PS3
Groundlevel XT Mouse Pad
Radon 5K – Gaming Mouse 5600 DPI
Gaming Backpack
So there you have it for this years prizes so far, we will prob have another company or two join in during the event that usually happens. I will post an update if that happens.
Ok so what do you have to do in order the Christmas contest, well its going to be pretty simple. I am not going to make you like our YouTube Channel, Facebook or Twitter accounts that just sounds so desperate Who the heck has time for the crap during the holidays and some of you don't even have accounts, so I try and be easy on you guys
What I do want is for you to answer a simple question for some companies that have been asking.
Here is exactly what you have to do: Email with the following:
1. Please put "Contest" in the subject line.
2. Username:
3. List your System Specs:
4. List your mailing address with your phone number very important. (Companies sometimes cannot ship without it)
5. Lastly tell me what your next upgrade is and why. This is being used as a survey so I can give some feedback to the companies coming into CES.
1. If any of the above is missing your entry will be deleted.
2. One Email only, any sign of cheating you are gone from the contest. You guys are always really good but I still have to state it.
3. (IMPORTANT) In order to win the Grand Prize you must have a min of 20 posts and be a member of the OCC forums for longer then 30 days. (Must meet both Requirements Spamming for posts will get you kicked out of the contest)
4. Contest will end on Dec 24th 9:00am Pacific Time, any entries after that will be deleted. Winners will be announced sometime that day. Its Christmas EVE so please be patient.
5. Contest is open to everyone (Including Staff) and to any Country.
I think that covers everything, good luck guys and I hope you all have a safe and happy holiday.
Feel free to post any questions or comments


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|(How, Big Chief says, "Allah Akbar!")
Did you know that the Muslims married the Iroquois? If you are a student in Newton Massachusetts this is what your Harvard influenced education teaches you. Blue States… the greatest ignorance in America. The real sign of arrogance and intolerance is how people in Massachusetts think of the rest of our country who do not teach their children that Muslims discovered America.
Janet Tassel, AMERICAN THINKER (Thanks Ted Belman / Docs Talk)
It was the first week in October in Newton, an upscale suburb of Boston, and Tony Pagliuso's daughter, a sophomore at Newton South High School, was visibly disturbed. When Tony asked her the problem, she showed him a passage from the chapter she was assigned in her World History Class. It was a chapter called "Women, an Essay," from a supplemental text called The Arab World Notebook. In a paragraph devoted to women "in the struggle for independence from colonial powers," we find:
Over the past four decades, women have been active in the Palestinian resistance movement. Several hundred have been imprisoned, tortured, and killed by Israeli occupation forces since the latest uprising, "intifada," in the Israeli occupied territories.
Pagliuso assured his daughter that this was "total propaganda," and took the matter up with the young teacher, a Miss Jessica Engel, who couldn't understand what all the fuss was about. The material had been "vetted" and was deemed "appropriate," she said, "and would stay in the curriculum. After all, she continued, the head of the history department had gotten this material at an outreach workshop of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Harvard!Thence to the principal, Joel Stembridge, who glared at Pagliuso and asked, "How do you pronounce 'Pagliuso'?" and dismissing him brusquely with a refusal to apologize, added: "If you're unhappy with this, you should know that next year we're planning to teach material that will be even more inflammatory to your sensibilities." (Where is Ferris Bueller when you need him?) Since Miss Jessica Engel had devoted one day each to Judaism and Christianity while spending 2 ½ weeks on Islam, Tony wasn't sure how much more inflammatory things could get.
A couple of weeks later, nine stalwart Newton citizens presented themselves at the Newton School Committee meeting, where superintendent David Fleischman, and even the mayor, Setti Warren, were present. The citizens were courteously received, and as it happens Fleishman announced shortly thereafter that indeed the chapter "didn't meet the learning goals of the class" and had been removed from the curriculum.
"Didn't meet the learning goals" is Eduspeak for "What the hell is this and how the hell did it get in?" The answer to the latter is, as noted, Harvard, which, as it happens, held a seminar on Israel and Palestine at Newton South in April 2011. And Newton is far from the only community to take its lead on matters Islamic from Harvard. Public and private schools all over Massachusetts send teachers to the Outreach Center at Harvard for guidance and (free) materials. The program, like the Center for Middle Eastern Studies itself, is heavily Saudi-funded.
The answer to what it is can be found in a number of places. In 2005, responding to a complaint from a teacher in Anchorage, Alaska, the American Jewish Committee published a thorough critique of the Notebook (the full report Propaganda, Proselytizing, and Public Education, is available at the AJC website), thanks to which Anchorage stopped using the book. As background, the AJC report explains:
The Arab World Studies Notebook was first published in 1990 under the title Arab World Notebook [apparently Newton was using this edition], but was updated and republished in 1998 with its current title. The funding for the publication was provided by the Middle East Policy Council, formerly the Arab American Affairs Council….The Notebook was published in conjunction with Arab World and Islamic Resources (AWAIR), founded by Audrey Shabbas, who penned many of the articles…as well as the editorial commentary throughout.
Who is this Audrey Shabbas? The moving spirit behind AWAIR, she says all she wants from teachers is to "let you step with me to the inside, to see what a Muslim worldview looks like and feels like, so you can bring it back to your students." This from an adoring 2002 interview posted, fittingly, at Saudi Aramco World.
A little earlier than the AJC's report, in 2003, William J. Bennetta, president of The Textbook League, produced a preliminary assessment of the Notebook. He gives a little background:
The Middle East Policy Council, a pressure group based in Washington. D.C…adopted its present name in 1991. The MEPC's activities include the sponsoring of "teacher workshops" that allegedly equip educators to teach about "the Arab World and Islam. AWAIR, which operates from Abiquiu, New Mexico, distributes printed items and videos for "ALL LEVELS-Elementary to College" and runs the "teacher workshops" sponsored by the MEPC."
But on to the meat in Mr Bennetta's scathing report:
The promotion of Islam in the Notebook is unrestrained, and the religious-indoctrination material that the Notebook dispenses is virulent. Muslim myths, including myths about how Islam and the Koran originated, are retailed as matters of fact, while legitimate historical appraisals of the origins of Islam and the Koran are excluded. [Audrey] Shabbas wants to turn teachers into agents who, in their classrooms, will present Muslim myths as "history," will endorse Muslim religious claims, and will propagate Islamic fundamentalism. In a public-school setting, the religious-indoctrination work which Shabbas wants teachers to perform would clearly be illegal.
Or, in the words of Tony Pagliuso, "total propaganda." What is striking, though, is how amateurish the chapter on women is. Taqiyya — telling falsehoods for Islam — is a well-known tool of Islamic propagandists, but this shoddy merchandise is so riddled with lies and half-truths that no respectable Arab merchant in the shuk would hang it in his market. Just a sample:
Women's Rights in Islam. There is no basis in Islam for the subjugation of women or their relegation to a secondary role. Far in advance of women's emancipation in Europe, Islam made revolutionary changes in the lives of women in 6th-century Arabia.
The alert reader will observe that there was no Islam yet in 6th-century Arabia, Muhammad himself having been born in about 570, and having been tapped by the angel Gabriel no earlier then about 609. Then too we think of the unpleasantries swept under the Oriental carpet — such as permissible rape, clitorectomies, honor killings, child marriage, indeed the whole sorry gamut of women's trials under Islam, including those specifically decreed by the Koran. As Robert Spencer sums up:
–Women are inferior to men, and must be ruled by them: "Men have authority over women because God has made the one superior to the other" (4:34).
–It [the Koran] likens a woman to a field (tilth), to be used by a man as he wills: "Your women are a tilth for you to cultivate so go to your tilth as ye will" (2:223).
–It declares that a woman's legal testimony is worth half that of a man: "Get two witnesses, out of your own men, and if there are not two men, then a man and two women, such as ye choose, for witnesses, so that if one of them errs, the other can remind her" (2:282).
–It allows men to marry up to four wives, and also to have sex with slave girls: "If ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly with the orphans, marry women of your choice, two or three or four; but if ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one, or (a captive) that your right hands possess, that will be more suitable, to prevent you from doing injustice" (4:3).
–It rules that a son's inheritance should be twice the size of that of a daughter: "Allah (thus) directs you as regards your children's (inheritance): to the male, a portion equal to that of two females" (4:11).
–It allows for marriage to pre-pubescent girls, stipulating that Islamic divorce procedures "shall apply to those who have not yet menstruated" (65.4).
"Such a verse might have made its way into the Koran," writes Spencer, "because of the notorious fact that Muhammed himself had a child bride." That would be Aisha: As the hadith says, "The prophet married her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old, and then she remained with him for nine years (i.e. till his death)." Newton's Notebook chapter mentions Aisha in passing, that she heroically promulgated Islam after the Prophet's death, but neglects to tell us how old she was when Muhammed found her, as the story goes, playing on a swing.
It turns out, not surprisingly, that most of the Notebook is as slipshod, even farcical, as the chapter on women. But it is no less dangerous for being slovenly. As the AJC report confirms, "Teachers are subjected to heavy propaganda, both in the Notebook and in the teacher workshops sponsored by MEPC and conducted by AWAIR, in which the Notebook is the primary source material….The Notebook critiques other educational materials for being Eurocentric; yet it provides students with a completely Muslim-centered perspective."
Worst of all, educationally speaking, in addition to inventing history, the Notebook is guilty of two cardinal sins, according to the AJC: "It uses no qualifiers to differentiate between fact and interpretation; and it fails to clarify that, like the stories behind many other religions, some of the stories within traditional Islam are disputed or unverifiable." The all-important qualifier, "Muslims believe," or "Islam teaches that" is entirely eliminated. Imagine all the Miss Engels in the world preaching to the class, "And God chose Abraham." Or "Jesus performed miracles."
Other innovations from the Notebook, these concerning what the author calls "the Israeli 'fetish of Jerusalem'":
When people talk of Jerusalem and consider the historic rights over the city and claims to it, they are not talking about the European-type colonial suburb-turned-city which foreign Jews built next to the historic religious city-shrine, even though they called it Jerusalem too. They are talking about the walled city, fully built up, containing a small Jewish quarter, it is true, but almost exclusively a home to Christian and Muslim Palestinian Arabs.
Yet the "Old City," the Jerusalem that most people envisage when they think of the ancient city, is Arab. Surrounding it are ubiquitous high-rises built for Israeli settlers to strengthen Israeli control over the holy city.
Other colonial suburbs were built by foreigners in Arab countries, but today no one suggests that Algiers, Tunis, Casablanca, etc., may be rightfully claimed by the Europeans who settled there during their colonial period of recent history. Only in the case of Jerusalem does colonialist thinking still predominate.
How many high-school students would be able to repudiate "facts" like these? Or total falsehoods such as, "In 1948, between 50 and 70 percent of Palestine's Christians were driven from their ancestral homes with the creation of the Jewish state"?
Moreover, in an earlier version, we are told "that Yasir Arafat was president of a newly declared State of Palestine, that the United Nations General Assembly had voted to recognize this state in 1988, and that the Canaanites were the ancestors of many present-day Palestinians." Sandra Stotsky, a professor at the University of Arkansas, deals with these gems and others in her 2004 report for the Fordham Foundation, The Stealth Curriculum, which has now been updated for a new book published by Palgrave MacMillan. She points to one article, ascribed to Audrey Shabbas and Abdallah Hakim Quick, titled "Early Muslim Exploration Worldwide: Evidence of Muslims in the New World Before Columbus." The article claims that Muslims from Europe were the first to sail across the Atlantic and land in the New World, starting in 889… [and that]West African Muslims had not only spread throughout South and Central America, but had also reached Canada, intermarrying with the Iroquois and Algonquin nations so that, much later, early English explorers were to meet Iroquois and Algonquin chiefs with names like Abdul-Rahim and Abdallah Ibn Malik.
Stotsky interjects, "The idea that English explorers met native Indian chiefs with Muslim names in the middle of the Northeast woodlands sounds almost like something a Hollywood film writer dreamed up for a spoof." (Mel Brooks, of course.) Interestingly enough, the Algonquin Nation itself demanded a retraction of this "indefensible" farce. But seriously, as Stotsky continues, "What is most astonishing about this 'historical information' is that it seems not to have been recognized as fake history by all the satisfied teachers that MEPC claims have participated in its workshops over the years."
Ay, there's the rub. Thanks to the Tony Pagliusos of this world, perhaps more parents will rear up on their hind legs and shout, "Who's teaching my kids? And what in God's name are they teaching?"


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What Do You Think of Decorating With The Color Green
Feb 27, 2013 3:53:35 PM
Green is the color of nature, of life, and powerful organic energy. If you want to incorporate green into your home, remember that it represents harmony and growth so that you can balance its calming aura with surrounding colors.
One of the best places to start with green is the bedroom. Because it is organic and natural, it will help you fall asleep embraced by the sensation of nature. You can try painting your walls in a lush cream green, and pair this with a linen beige comforter and accents. This look is reminiscent of a tropical resort on the beach, especially if you add bamboo and other natural elements.
Or, green in the bedroom can start with something as simple as plants. Adding one or two potted plants to your bedroom will increase the oxygen flow and give you a better rest at night, as well as truly reflect the natural beauty of green.
Green accents in the living room are wonderful touches of natural style too. How about a pair of green accent pillows on a chocolate brown sofa? Green curtains in a softer shade will also look stunning.
The brighter you go with green, the more energy it will bring into your home. Emerald green is a powerful, forward-looking color, while pastel green will give a calming, balancing sensation. You've got to examine your room – considering its size, shape, and the emotion you want to evoke – to decide which type of green is best for you.
Emily G
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NASHVILLE, Tenn. – The basketball court at Lipscomb's Allen Arena will be named in honor of former head men's basketball coach Don Meyer. The dedication will take place in a ceremony on Dec. 3, 2011.
Meyer is the all-time winningest men's collegiate basketball coach with a record of 923-324 in 38 years as a head coach. He coached Lipscomb from 1975 to 1999 and directed the Bisons to the NAIA National Championship in 1986.
"Coach Meyer is one of the cornerstones of excellence at Lipscomb University," director of athletics Philip Hutcheson said. "He impacted thousands of lives from student-athletes to campers to community members in his 24 years at Lipscomb.
"While Coach Meyer was committed to winning on the court, he has left a lasting legacy through his teachings to make the world around us a better place. It is with great respect and admiration that we name the Allen Arena court in his honor."
The ceremony will take place in conjunction with the Bisons' noon basketball game against Kennesaw State. Tickets start at $7 for adults and $5 for children 12 and under. They are on sale at Lipscombtickets.com.
The Lipscomb basketball program under Meyer produced the top two scorers in collegiate history along with the all-time career leaders in 3-point shooting, steals and assists. Meyer also produced three national players of the year and 22 All-Americans. His camps are legendary and have attracted instructors ranging from John Wooden to Pat Summitt.
Meyer was involved in a life-changing car accident on Sept. 5, 2008 that led to eight surgeries and the amputation of his left leg below the knee. He was subsequently diagnosed with cancer in his liver and small intestine. Meyer was awarded the "Jimmy V Award for Perseverance" from ESPN at the ESPY Awards in July 2009.
Northern State University also honored Meyer by naming their court after him. Meyer took over the Northern State program starting with the 1999-2000 season and retired from coaching following the 2009-10 season. He remains on the Northern State staff as a Regent Distinguished Professor.
The National Basketball Hall of Fame awarded Meyer with the John Bunn Award in 2010 for significant contributions to the sport of basketball.
Lipscomb's annual athletics fundraiser is also named for Meyer and has featured guests including Heisman Trophy winner Tim Tebow and legendary Duke basketball coach Mike Krzyzewski.
The Wayne, Neb. native attended the University of Northern Colorado and graduated in 1967 majoring in physical education and minoring in English. Meyer began his coaching career at Western State (Colo.) where he was an assistant from 1968-70. From there he went to the University of Utah where he served as an assistant basketball coach from 1970-72 and earned a Ph.D. His first head coaching position was at Hamline from 1972-75.
Meyer has been married to his wife Carmen for 43 years. The couple has three children and eight grandchildren.
NASHVILLE, Tenn. – The basketball court at Lipscomb's Allen Arena will be named in honor of former head men's basketball coach Don Meyer. The dedication will take place in a ceremony on Dec. 3, 2011.


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Pics 086
Where is that? Is it Dawson City?
Sure is... lovely from above. I took a photo which I hope to post one day on 'where is it?' and I will wonder how many will pick it. LOL
BTW that was taken from the 'Dome'.
Well, since you've already identified it here -- I doubt it would remain unidentified very long on the "Where in North America is this?" game....
Not that photo!! I will not identify the one I took, and it does not have any 'real' identifying features.


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Cutting Straight Lines
Few people can cut perfectly straight lines with a pair of scissors! But, a paper trimmer is perfect for cutting straight lines. It also makes it so much faster and easier to cut photo mats, especially nice when you have a lot of photos to cut, or if youre making multiple mats. However, if youre using scissors, use a ruler to draw a line on the back of the paper before you start cutting. This also helps if youre cutting with pattern-edged scissors.
You can also run the blade of a pen knife alongside a ruler. Place your paper on a cutting surface, then press the ruler against the paper while you cut. A metal ruler is great because your cutting wont damage it.
Tearing Paper
Torn paper lends a decorative look to a scrapbook page. You can get two different looks with torn paper: a torn piece with a white edge or one without. For the white edge, hold your paper with your left hand and tear the edge toward you with your right hand. Tear away from you to achieve a non-white edge. The white edge will act as a mat, giving a bit of visual space between the paper youre tearing and the background paper. When tearing a large piece of paper, place the paper on your table or flat surface, holding one side steady with your hand while tearing with the other hand. Hold smaller pieces in your hand and tear with your fingertips.


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In The Phase guidebook, there is also a section about the Forced Falling Asleep (FFA) technique which can be used in conjunction with the indirect method and is extremely effective. To check this out go to page 230 (FFA - Maximum Effect). This can bring your odds of success near to 100%!
To quote from The Phase - A Practical Guidebook:
"Forced falling asleep, to put it simply, is a way to reel that receding lifeline to the phase back towards you. It tricks the brain, which will react automatically to all your actions and quickly thrust you into an intermediate state that is easy to use to enter the phase."


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Reading the forum on your cell phone? There's an easier way. We've enabled a Tapatalk app that makes browsing the forum a whole lot easier. Check it out in the iPhone or Android store if you don't own it already.
If i can escape the "charms' of Taos then a 1,200' f/a that tops at 14,100'.. south facing, 4 mile approachit's the dark face in center. grammy will lead
grammy lets go out and crank this thing with strandman. blanca range = badass
16-20" of snow up there in the last 24
Page created in 0.13 seconds with 31 queries.


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After winning the Premier League for the first time in his career on Monday, I thought it was only fitting to write about the career so far of Manchester United's flying Dutchman, Robin van Persie.
Born in Rotterdam, Netherlands in 1983 to a family of artists, Robin van Persie began life as a footballer by signing a youth contract with Dutch side, SBV Excelsior.
By the age of 15, the striker joined prominent Eredivisie club Feyenoord and made his debut two years later, winning the best young talent award at the end of the 2001/02 season.
Despite the obvious ability the youngster possessed, he fell out with then head coach Bert Van Marwijk due to the forward's attitude on and off the pitch. Van Persie ended his first full season with his hometown club scoring eight goals in 28 appearances and was on the radar of Premier League giants, Arsenal.
Feyenoord began transfer negotiations with The Gunners during the January transfer window in 2004 as the London club were looking for a long-term replacement for veteran Dennis Bergkamp, yet both clubs could not agree terms. Arsenal got their man in time for the following campaign as Van Persie signed a four-year deal for a fee in the region of £2.5 million.
The Dutch striker scored 10 goals in his first season with his new club and won the only trophy during his time with Arsenal, that was the FA Cup as The Gunners defeated Van Persie's future club Manchester United on penalties in the 2005 final.
The striker won his first six caps for the Oranje the same year and scored his first goal for his country in a World Cup qualifying match against Finland. The following season, Van Persie began the season on fire scoring eight goals in as many matches before injury stalled his progress. He was an unused substitute in Arsenal's one and only appearance in the Champions League final, a 2-1 loss to Catalan club Barcelona.
At the World Cup finals in 2006, Van Persie scored his first goal in a major international tournament, a free-kick against Ivory Coast during the group stage. However, Holland were knocked out in the very next round following a 1-0 defeat to Portugal.
The beginning of the 2006/07 season saw the forward score a fantastic volley which ultimately turned out to be the winner in a 2-1 away win against Charlton Athletic. Arsenal manager Arsene Wenger described the strike as "the goal of a lifetime".
His season came to a premature end due to injury, however he still managed to end the season as The Gunners' top scorer with 13 goals in all competitions. Three seasons later, following injuries interrupting his progress, Van Persie broke the 20-goal barrier for the first time in his career, scoring 11 league goals, four cup goals and five Champions League goals. Following this successful campaign, Van Persie signed a new and improved long-term contract with the north London club.
The Dutchman only made 19 appearances in all competitions during the 2009/10 season, once again due to injury. However he did average more than a goal a game by scoring 10 goals. Van Persie also helped his country progress all the way to the final at the 2010 World Cup, scoring one goal and providing a number of assists before the Netherlands were defeated by current world champions Spain, courtesy of an Andres Iniesta goal in extra-time.
The next season saw Van Persie change to the No.10 shirt which had previously been worn by Arsenal legend and fellow Dutch striker, Dennis Bergkamp. It proved to be his most successful season to date as he scored 22 goals in 33 appearances and scored the team's goal of the season for his spectacular strike against Barcelona in the Champions League.
Van Persie was appointed club captain upon the departure of Cesc Fabregas to Barcelona just before the 2011/12 season. With his contract rolling, speculation centred around the Dutch striker moving away from Arsenal, however he pledged his future to the Gunners.
Van Persie was considered to be Arsenal's only world-class player at the time for his ability to score frequently, including a hat-trick against Chelsea in a 5-3 away win at Stamford Bridge.
Arsenal were knocked out of the Champions League by AC Milan despite almost pulling off a miraculous comeback, but fell short by a single goal and lost 4-3 on aggregate. Nonetheless, Van Persie scored a career high 37 goals in all competitions, winning the PFA Players' Player of the Year, the FWA Footballer of the Year and also won the Premier League golden boot with 30 league goals that season.
In the summer of 2012, the Dutch forward announced he would not be signing a new contract with Arsenal, which forced manager Arsene Wenger into selling his star man.
That August, Van Persie signed for rivals Manchester United on a four-year contract for a fee estimated to be around £24 million. He made his debut as a substitute in the first league game of the season, but his new club lost 1-0 away to Everton.
Five days later, the Dutchman scored on his home debut in a 3-2 over Fulham. The following month, Van Persie netted his first hat-trick for Manchester United in a 3-2 away win over Southampton. His third goal marked the 100th Premier League goal of his career.
He opened is account in Europe for the club, scoring a brace in a 2-1 win over Romanian side CFR Cluj. Van Persie also scored the winner in a 3-2 victory for United over closest rivals Manchester City, which put his side in the driving seat to win the Premier League for a 13th time.
On April 22, Van Persie scored his second hat-trick of the season in a 3-0 home win against Aston Villa and thus United celebrated regaining the league title while the Dutchman took over as top scorer with 24 goals.
So far in his career, Van Persie has scored 182 in just under 400 appearances at club level. The Dutchman has also netted 34 times in 74 caps for the Netherlands and is one of the most feared strikers in world football today.
DISCLAIMER: This article has been written by a member of the GiveMeFootball Writing Academy and does not represent the views of GiveMeFootball.com or SportsNewMedia. The views and opinions expressed are solely that of the author credited at the top of this article. GiveMeFootball.com and SportsNewMedia do not take any responsibility for the content of its contributors.
Do YOU want to write for GiveMeSport? Get started today by signing-up and submitting an article HERE: https://www.givemesport.com/writeforgms


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{{Dica|Esta é parte de um artigo multi-páginas do "The Beginners' Guide" ("O Guia para Iniciantes"). '''[[Beginners' Guide_(Português)|Clique aqui]]''' se preferir ler o artigo completo.}}
{{Dica|Esta é parte de um artigo multi-páginas do "The Beginners' Guide" ("O Guia para Iniciantes"). '''[[Beginners' Guide_(Português)|Clique aqui]]''' se preferir ler o artigo completo.}}
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===Set Clock===
===Set Clock===
Revision as of 14:27, 11 October 2012
zh-CN:Beginners' Guide/Installation
- 1 Instalação
- 1.1 Altera a linguagem
- 1.2 Estabelecendo conexão com a internet
- 1.3 Selecione uma fonte de instalação
- 1.4 Set Clock
- 1.5 Prepare Hard Drive
- 1.6 Select Packages
- 1.7 Install Packages
- 1.8 Configure the System
- 1.8.1 /etc/rc.conf
- 1.8.2 /etc/fstab
- 1.8.3 /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
- 1.8.4 /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf
- 1.8.5 /etc/resolv.conf
- 1.8.6 /etc/hosts
- 1.8.7 /etc/hosts.deny and /etc/hosts.allow
- 1.8.8 /etc/locale.gen
- 1.8.9 Pacman-Mirror
- 1.8.10 Root password
- 1.8.11 Done
- 1.9 Install Bootloader
- 1.10 Reboot
A partir deste momento, você está automaticamente logado em uma shell como usuário root.
# /arch/setupnão funcionará.
Altera a linguagem
Por padrão, a linguagem do teclado é a
us. Para utilizadores do Brasil:
# loadkeys br-abnt2
Para utilizadores de outras comunidades lusófonas:
# loadkeys pt-latin9
A fonte de letra do console também pode ser alterada, pois a maioria das linguagens utiliza o padrão de 26 letras do. Nestes casos, alguns caracteres podem aparecer na tela como quadrados brancos ou outros símbolos esquisitos. Note que o comando abaixo é case-sensitive, portanto, digite exatamente da forma como está escrito:
# setfont Lat2-Terminus16
Por padrão, a linguagem da instalação é o Inglês(US). Para alterar a linguagem durante o processo de instalação, basta remover o
# na localização desejada no arquivo
/etc/locale.gen, junto com a entrada em inglês. Priorize a escolha a entrada
UTF-8. Utilize o editor de sua escolha, apesar deste manual utilizar o nano.
Pressione Template:Keypress para sair, e quando perguntado para salvar as alterações, pressione Template:Keypress seguido de Template:Keypress para sobrescrever o arquivo.
# nano /etc/locale.gen
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 pt_BR.UTF-8 UTF-8
# locale-gen # export LANG=pt_BR.UTF-8
# nano /etc/locale.gen
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 pt_PT.UTF-8 UTF-8
# locale-gen # export pt_PT.UTF-8 UTF-8
Lembre-se, Template:Keypress ativa e desativa um mapa de teclado.
Estabelecendo conexão com a internet
O serviço The
dhcpcd inicia automaticamente em tempo de inicialização, e tentará iniciar uma conexão cabeada se disponível. Tente pingar um site para verificar a disponibilidade. Como o google tá sempre online...
# ping -c 3 www.google.com
PING www.l.google.com (184.108.40.206) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from wb-in-f105.1e100.net (22.214.171.124): icmp_req=1 ttl=50 time=17.0 ms 64 bytes from wb-in-f105.1e100.net (22.214.171.124): icmp_req=2 ttl=50 time=18.2 ms 64 bytes from wb-in-f105.1e100.net (18.104.22.168): icmp_req=3 ttl=50 time=16.6 ms --- www.l.google.com ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2003ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 16.660/17.320/18.254/0.678 ms
Caso você receba o erro
ping: unknown host, você deverá configurar a rede manualmente, como descrito abaixo.
Caso contrário, vá para o tópico Preparando os Discos.
Rede Cabeada
Siga o seguinte procedimento para configurar sua conexão cabeada com um endereço IP estático.
Caso o seu computador esteja conectado a uma rede Ethernet, na maioria dos casos, você possuirá uma interface chamada
eth0. Caso você tenha interfaces adicionais(como por exemplo, uma interface integrada a placa-mãe) elas seguirão a sequência
eth2, etc.
Você precisa conhecer as seguintes informações:
- Endereço IP estático.
- Máscara de rede.
- Endereço do Gateway
- Endereço do DNS
- Nome do domínio(a memos que esteja em uma LAN local, onde pode ignorar tal informação).
Para ativar uma interface de rede como a
# ip link set eth0 up
Adicione um endereço:
# ip addr add <ip address>/<subnetmask> dev <interface>
# ip addr add 192.168.1.2/24 dev eth0
Para maiores opções, execute
man ip.
Adicione o seu gateway da seguinte forma, substituindo o endereço IP pelo do seu gateway em questão:
# ip route add default via <ip address>
# ip route add default via 192.168.1.1
Edite o arquivo
resolv.conf, substituindo no parametro "nameserver" os endereços IP dos DNS's disponíveis, e o valor do seu domínio no parametro "search".
# nano /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 22.214.171.124 nameserver 61.95.849.8 search example.com
nameserver podem ser incluídos neste arquivo.
A partir daqui, você deve ter acesso a rede cabeada. Caso contrário, dê uma verificada na página Configuring Network (Português).
Siga este procedimento caso você precise de conectividade (Wi-Fi) durante o processo de instalação.
Os drivers e utilitários para conexão sem fio agora estão disponíveis na mídia de instalação. Um bom conhecimento do seu hardware sem fio será de suma importância para a obter sucesso na configuração. Note que seguindo o procedimento deste passo-a-passo habilitará seu hardware durante a utilização do sistema live ou executando em determinado processo da instalação. Estes passos precisam ser repetidos após um reboot no sistema.
Note também que estes passos são opcionais, pois se a conexão sem fio é desnecessária ao processo de instalação, estas configurações podem ser executadas em um período posterior.
wlan0 para a interface de rede e
linksys para a ESSID. Lembre de alterar estes valores de acordo com a sua configuração.
O procedimento básico será:
- (opcional) Identificar a sua interface wireless:
# lspci | grep -i net
Ou, se utilizando uma placa externa(usb):
# lsusb
- Certifique-se de que o udev carregou o driver apropriado, e que uma interface utilizável foi criada, através do comando
# iwconfig
lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wlan0 unassociated ESSID:"" Mode:Managed Channel=0 Access Point: Not-Associated Bit Rate:0 kb/s Tx-Power=20 dBm Sensitivity=8/0 Retry limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Power Management:off Link Quality:0 Signal level:0 Noise level:0 Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
Neste exemplo,
wlan0 é a interface disponívei.
- Para levantar a interface:
# ip link set wlan0 up
Uma pequena porcentagem dos dispositivos sem fio também necessitam de um firmware para o driver correspondente. Caso sua interface precide se um, o "erro comum" que pode acontecer ao levantar a interface é o seguinte:
# ip link set wlan0 up
SIOCSIFFLAGS: No such file or directory
Caso tenha dúvidas, utilize o
dmesg para buscar por informações no log de kernel e encontrar qual o possível firmware a ser utilizado.
Exemplo de saída de um dispositivo da Intel, requisitando o firmware durante o boot:
# dmesg | grep firmware
firmware: requesting iwlwifi-5000-1.ucode
Caso não haja saída, pode ser concluído que nenhuma firmware é necessária para a sua placa.
/usr/lib/firmware no ambiente de instalação(liveCD ou liveUSB), porém, devem ser explicitamente instalados ao seu sistema para serem funcionais após o reiniciar da instalação!. A instalação de pacotes será aborada mais tarde neste guia. Certifique-se da instalação de ambos, o módulo e a firmware antes de reiniciar! Veja Wireless Setup (Português) caso esteja incerto dos requisitos de firmware correspondentes ao seu sistema em particular.
Após, utilize o pacote netcfg, e seu utilitário wifi-menu para conectar a rede:
# wifi-menu wlan0
A partir de agora, você já deve ter uma conexão de internet funcionando. Caso contrário, verifique a página Wireless Setup (Português).
(A)DSL Quickstart for the Live Environment
(If you have a modem or router in bridge mode to connect to your ISP)
Switch to another virtual console (<Alt> + F2), login as root and invoke
# pppoe-setup
If everything is well configured in the end you can connect to your ISP with
# pppoe-start
Return to first virtual console with <ALT>+F1. Continue with Set Clock
Selecione uma fonte de instalação
Após a tela de boas-vindas, você será solicitado a fornecer uma fonte de instalação. Escolha a fonte apropriada para o instalador que você está usando. Se estiver usando uma imagem Netinstall, velocidade relativa e status da atualização das fontes dos espelhos dos repositório podem ser verificados aqui.
- Se você escolheu o instalador CORE e deseja usar os pacotes do CD, selecione CD-ROM como fonte
- Alternativamente, ou se você está usando a mídia de instalação Netinstall, selecione NET e veja a seção abaixo (Configure a Rede).
Set Clock
Set the hardware clock. If this does not match the setting of your other operating systems, they will overwrite the time and cause clock shifts (which can cause time drift correction to be miscalibrated).
- UTC (recommended)
- localtime (highly discouraged) - Used by default in Windows, but Windows can be told to use UTC. If time is set to localtime, DST shifts will not be made by linux. Using localtime may lead to several known and unfixable bugs. However, there are no plans to drop support for localtime.
Prepare Hard Drive
Verify current disk identities and layout by invoking
/sbin/fdisk with the
-l (lower-case L) switch.
Open another virtual console (<ALT>+F3) and enter:
# fdisk -l
Take note of the disk(s)/partition(s) to utilize for the Arch installation.
Switch back to the installation script with <ALT>+F1
Select the first menu entry "Prepare Hard Drive".
- Option 1: Auto-Prepare (Erases an ENTIRE hard drive and sets up partitions)
Auto-Prepare divides the disk into the following configuration:
- ext2 /boot partition, default size 32MB. You will be prompted to modify the size to your requirement.
- swap partition, default size 256MB. You will be prompted to modify the size to your requirement.
- A Separate / and /home partition, (sizes can also be specified). Available filesystems include ext2, ext3, ext4, reiserfs, xfs and jfs, but note that both / and /home shall share the same fs type if choosing the Auto Prepare option.
Be warned that Auto-prepare will completely erase the chosen hard drive. Read the warning presented by the installer very carefully, and make sure the correct device is about to be partitioned.
- Option 2: Manually Partition Hard Drives (with cfdisk)- recommended.
This option will allow for the most robust and customized partitioning solution for your personal needs.
- Option 3: Manually Configure block devices, filesystems and mountpoints
If this is selected, the system will list what filesystems and mountpoints it has found and ask you if you wish to use these. If selecting "Yes", you will be given a choice to select the desired method of identification, ie. by dev, label or uuid.
- Option 4: Rollback last filesystem changes
At this point, more advanced GNU/Linux users who are familiar and comfortable with manually partitioning may wish to skip down to Select Packages below.
Partition Hard Drives
Partition Type
Partitioning a hard disk drive defines specific areas (the partitions) within the disk, that will each appear and behave as a separate disk and upon which a filesystem may be created (formatted).
There are 3 types of disk partitions:
- Primary
- Extended
- Logical
Primary partitions can be bootable, and are limited to 4 partitions per disk or raid volume. If a partitioning scheme requires more than 4 partitions, an extended partition which will contain logical partitions will be required.
Extended partitions are not usable by themselves; they are merely a "container" for logical partitions. If required, a hard disk shall contain only one extended partition; which shall then be sub-divided into logical partitions.
When partitioning a disk, one can observe this numbering scheme by creating primary partitions sda1 through sda3 followed by creating an extended partition, sda4, and subsequently creating logical partition(s) within the extended partition; sda5, sda6, and so on.
Swap Partition
A swap partition is a place on the drive where virtual RAM resides, allowing the kernel to easily use disk storage for data that does not fit into physical RAM.
Historically, the general rule for swap partition size was 2x the amount of physical RAM. Over time, as computers have gained ever larger memory capacities, this rule has become increasingly deprecated. Generally, on machines with up to 512MB RAM, the 2x rule is usually quite sufficient. If the installation machine provides gratuitous amounts of RAM (more than 1024 MB) it may be possible to completely forget a swap partition altogether, since the option to create a swap file is always available later. A 1 GB swap partition will be used in this example.
Partition Scheme
A disk partitioning scheme is a very personalized preference. Each user's choices will be unique to their own computing habits and requirements. If you would like to dual boot Arch Linux and a Windows operating system please see Windows and Arch Dual Boot.
Filesystem candidates for separate partitions include:
/ (root) The root filesystem is the primary filesystem from which all other filesystems stem; the top of the hierarchy. All files and directories appear under the root directory "/", even if they are stored on different physical devices. The contents of the root filesystem must be adequate to boot, restore, recover, and/or repair the system. Therefore, certain directories under / are not themselves candidates for separate partitions. (See warning below).
/boot This directory contains the kernel and ramdisk images as well as the bootloader configuration file, and bootloader stages. /boot also stores data that is used before the kernel begins executing userspace programs. This may include saved master boot sectors and sector map files. /boot is essential for booting, but is unique in that it may still be kept on its own separate partition (if required).
/home Provides subdirectories, each named for a system user, for miscellaneous personal data storage as well as user-specific configuration files for applications.
/usr While root is the primary filesystem, /usr is the secondary hierarchy for all system users' data, including the majority of multi-user utilities and applications. /usr is shareable, read-only data. This means that /usr shall be shareable between various hosts and must not be written to, except in the case of system update/upgrade. Any information that is host-specific or varies with time is stored elsewhere.
/tmp directory for programs that require temporary files such as '.lck' files, which can be used to prevent multiple instances of their respective program until a task is completed, at which point the '.lck' file will be removed. Programs must not assume that any files or directories in /tmp are preserved between invocations of the program and files and directories located under /tmp will typically be deleted whenever the system is booted.
/var contains variable data; spool directories and files, administrative and logging data, pacman's cache, the ABS tree, etc. /var exists in order to make it possible to mount /usr as read-only. Everything that historically went into /usr that is written to during system operation (as opposed to installation and software maintenance) must reside under /var.
There are several advantages for using discrete filesystems, rather than combining all into one partition:
- Security: Each filesystem may be configured in /etc/fstab as 'nosuid', 'nodev', 'noexec', 'readonly', etc.
- Stability: A user, or malfunctioning program can completely fill a filesystem with garbage if they have write permissions for it. Critical programs, which reside on a different filesystem remain unaffected.
- Speed: A filesystem which gets written too frequently may become somewhat fragmented. (An effective method of avoiding fragmentation is to ensure that each filesystem is never in danger of filling up completely.) Separate filesystems remain unaffected, and each can be defragmented separately as well.
- Integrity: If one filesystem becomes corrupted, separate filesystems remain unaffected.
- Versatility: Sharing data across several systems becomes more expedient when independent filesystems are used. Separate filesystem types may also be chosen based upon the nature of data and usage.
In this example, we shall use separate partitions for /, /var, /home, and a swap partition.
How big should my partitions be?
This question is best answered based upon individual needs. You may wish to simply create one partition for root and one partition for swap or only one root partition without swap or refer to the following examples and consider these guidelines to provide a frame of reference:
- The root filesystem (/) in the example will contain the /usr directory, which can become moderately large, depending upon how much software is installed. 15-20 GB should be sufficient for most users.
- The /var filesystem will contain, among other data, the ABS tree and the pacman cache. Keeping cached packages is useful and versatile; it provides the ability to downgrade packages if needed. /var tends to grow in size; the pacman cache can grow large over long periods of time, but can be safely cleared if needed. If you are using an SSD, you may wish to locate your /var on an HDD and keep the / and /home partitions on your SSD to avoid needless read/writes to the SSD. 8-12 Gigs on a desktop system should be sufficient for /var, depending largely upon how much software you intend to install. Servers tend to have relatively larger /var filesystems.
- The /home filesystem is typically where user data, downloads, and multimedia reside. On a desktop system, /home is typically the largest filesystem on the drive by a large margin. Remember that if you chose to reinstall Arch, all the data on your /home partition will be untouched (so long as you have a separate /home partition).
- An extra 25% of space added to each filesystem will provide a cushion for unforeseen occurrence, expansion, and serve as a preventive against fragmentation.
From the guidelines above, the example system shall contain a ~15GB root (/) partition, ~10GB /var, 1GB swap, and a /home containing the remaining disk space.
Create Partitions with cfdisk
Start by creating the primary partition that will contain the root, (/) filesystem.
Choose New -> Primary and enter the desired size for root (/). Put the partition at the beginning of the disk.
Also choose the Type by designating it as '83 Linux'. The created / partition shall appear as sda1 in our example.
Now create a primary partition for /var, designating it as Type 83 Linux. The created /var partition shall appear as sda2
Next, create a partition for swap. Select an appropriate size and specify the Type as 82 (Linux swap / Solaris). The created swap partition shall appear as sda3.
Lastly, create a partition for your /home directory. Choose another primary partition and set the desired size.
Likewise, select the Type as 83 Linux. The created /home partition shall appear as sda4.
Name Flags Part Type FS Type [Label] Size (MB) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- sda1 Primary Linux 15440 #root sda2 Primary Linux 10256 #/var sda3 Primary Linux swap / Solaris 1024 #swap sda4 Primary Linux 140480 #/home
Choose Write and type 'yes'. Beware that this operation may destroy data on your disk. Choose Quit to leave the partitioner. Choose Done to leave this menu and continue with "Set Filesystem Mountpoints".
Set Filesystem Mountpoints
Specify each partition and corresponding mountpoint to your requirements. (Recall that partitions end in a number. Therefore, sda is not itself a partition, but rather, signifies an entire drive)
Filesystem Types
Again, a filesystem type is a very subjective matter which comes down to personal preference. Each has its own advantages, disadvantages, and unique idiosyncrasies. Here is a very brief overview of supported filesystems:
1. ext2 Second Extended Filesystem- Old, mature GNU/Linux filesystem. Very stable, but without journaling support or barriers, which can result in data loss in a power loss or system crash. May be inconvenient for root (/) and /home, due to very long fsck's. An ext2 filesystem can easily be converted to ext3.
2. ext3 Third Extended Filesystem- Essentially the ext2 system, but with journaling support and write barriers. ext3 is backward compatible with ext2. Extremely stable and mature.
3. ext4 Fourth Extended Filesystem- Backward compatible with ext2 and ext3. Introduces support for volumes with sizes up to 1 exabyte and files with sizes up to 16 terabytes. Increases the 32,000 subdirectory limit in ext3 to 64,000. Offers online defragmentation ability.
4. ReiserFS (V3)- Hans Reiser's high-performance journaling FS uses a very interesting method of data throughput based on an unconventional and creative algorithm. ReiserFS is touted as very fast, especially when dealing with many small files. ReiserFS is fast at formatting, yet comparatively slow at mounting. Quite mature and stable. ReiserFS (V3) is not actively developed at this time. Generally regarded as a good choice for /var/.
5. JFS - IBM's Journaled FileSystem- The first filesystem to offer journaling. JFS had many years of use in the IBM AIX® OS before being ported to GNU/Linux. JFS currently uses the least CPU resources of any GNU/Linux filesystem. Very fast at formatting, mounting and fsck's, and very good all-around performance, especially in conjunction with the deadline I/O scheduler. (See JFS.) Not as widely supported as ext or ReiserFS, but very mature and stable.
6. XFS - Another early journaling filesystem originally developed by Silicon Graphics for the IRIX OS and ported to GNU/Linux. XFS offers very fast throughput on large files and large filesystems. Very fast at formatting and mounting. Generally benchmarked as slower with many small files, in comparison to other filesystems. XFS is very mature and offers online defragmentation ability.
7. Btrfs - Also known as "Better FS" is a new filesystem with substantial new and powerful features similar to Sun/Oracle's excellent ZFS. These include snapshots, multi-disk striping and mirroring (basically software raid without mdadm), checksums, incremental backup, and on-the-fly compression (which can give a significant performance boost as well as save space), and more. It is still considered "unstable" as of January 2011, but has been merged into the mainline kernel under experimental status. Btrfs looks to be the future of linux filesystems, and is now offered as a root filesystem choice in all major distribution installers.
- JFS and XFS filesystems cannot be shrunk by disk utilities (such as gparted or parted magic)
A note on Journaling
All above filesystems, except ext2, utilize journaling. Journaling file systems are fault-resilient file systems that use a journal to log changes before they are committed to the file system to avoid metadata corruption in the event of a crash. Note that not all journaling techniques are alike; specifically, only ext3 and ext4 offer data-mode journaling, (though, not by default), which journals both data and meta-data (but with a significant speed penalty). The others only offer ordered-mode journaling, which journals meta-data only. While all will return your filesystem to a valid state after recovering from a crash, data-mode journaling offers the greatest protection against file system corruption and data loss but can suffer from performance degradation, as all data is written twice (first to the journal, then to the disk). Depending upon how important your data is, this may be a consideration in choosing your filesystem type.
Moving on...
Choose and create the filesystem (format the partition) for / by selecting yes. You will now be prompted to add any additional partitions. In our example, sda2 and sda4 remain. For sda2, choose a filesystem type and mount it as /var. Finally, choose the filesystem type for sda4, and mount it as /home. Template:Box Note Return to the main menu.
Select Packages
All packages during installation are from the [core] repository. They are further divided into Base, and Base-devel. Package information and brief descriptions are available here.
First, select the package category:
- Base
- Packages from the [core] repo to provide the minimal base environment. Always select this and only remove packages that will not be used.
- Base-devel
- Extra tools from [core] such as
make, and
automake. Most beginners should choose to install it, as many will probably need it later.
After category selection, you will be presented with the full lists of packages, allowing you to fine-tune your selections. Use the space bar to select and unselect.
After selecting the needed packages, leave the selection screen and continue to the next step, Install Packages.
Install Packages
Install Packages will install the selected packages to your new system. If you selected a CD/USB as the source, package versions from the CD/USB will be installed. If you opted for a Netinstall, fresh packages will be downloaded from the internet and installed.
After the packages have been downloaded, the installer will check their integrity. Next it will create the kernel from the packages downloaded.
Configure the System
At this stage of the installation, you will configure the primary configuration files of your Arch Linux base system. Previous versions of the installer included hwdetect to gather information for your configuration. This has been deprecated and replaced with udev, which should handle most module loading automatically at boot.
Now you will be asked which text editor you want to use; choose nano, joe or vi.
nano is generally considered the easiest of the three. Please see the releated wiki pages of the editor you wish to use for instructions on how to use them. You will be presented with a menu including the main configuration files for your system.
Can the installer handle this more automatically?
Hiding the process of system configuration is in direct opposition to The Arch Way. While it is true that recent versions of the kernel and hardware probing tools offer excellent hardware support and auto-configuration, Arch presents the user all pertinent configuration files during installation for the purposes of transparency and system resource control. By the time you have finished modifying these files to your specifications, you will have learned the simple method of manual Arch Linux system configuration and become more familiar with the base structure, leaving you better prepared to use and maintain your new installation productively.
Arch Linux uses the file
/etc/rc.conf as the principal location for system configuration. This one file contains a wide range of configuration information, principally used at system startup. As its name directly implies, it also contains settings for and invokes the /etc/rc* files, and is, of course, sourced by these files.
LOCALIZATION section
LOCALE="en_US.utf8" DAEMON_LOCALE="no" HARDWARECLOCK="localtime" TIMEZONE="US/Eastern" KEYMAP="us" CONSOLEFONT= CONSOLEMAP= USECOLOR="yes" VERBOSE="3"
- This sets your system locale, which will be used by all i18n-aware applications and utilities. You can get a list of the available locales by running
locale -afrom the command line. This setting's default is usually fine for US English users. However if you experience any problems such as some characters not printing right and being replaced by squares you may want to go back and replace "en_US.utf8" with just "en_US".
- Specifies whether or not to use the daemon locale (with "yes" or "no"). Will use the environment variable $LOCALE as the value of the locale if specified as "yes", otherwise will use the C locale (if left at the default value of "no").
- Specifies whether the hardware clock, which is synchronized on boot and on shutdown, stores UTC time, or localtime. UTC is recommended because it greatly simplifies changing timezones and daylight savings time [1].
- Specify your TIMEZONE. (All available zones are under
- The available keymaps are in
/usr/share/kbd/keymaps. Please note that this setting is only valid for your TTYs, not any graphical window managers or X.
- Available console fonts reside under
/usr/share/kbd/consolefonts/if you must change. The default (blank) is safe.
- Defines the console map to load with the setfont program at boot. Possible maps are found in
/usr/share/kbd/consoletrans, if needed. The default (blank) is safe.
- Select "yes" if you have a color monitor and wish to have colors in your consoles.
- Level of verbosity, on a scale of 1 to 8.
HARDWARE Section
# Scan hardware and load required modules at boot MOD_AUTOLOAD="yes" MODULES=(loop)
- Setting this to "yes" will use udev to automatically probe hardware and load the appropriate modules during boot, (convenient with the default modular kernel). Setting this to "no" will rely on the user's ability to specify this information manually, or compile their own custom kernel and modules, etc.
- Specify additional MODULES if you know that an important module is missing. If your system has any floppy drives, add "floppy". If you will be using loopback filesystems, add "loop".
NETWORKING Section
- Set your HOSTNAME to your liking. This is the name of your computer. Whatever you put here, also put it in
- eth0
- 'Ethernet, card 0'. If you are using static IP, adjust the interface IP address, netmask and broadcast address. Set eth0="dhcp" if you want to use DHCP for dynamic/automatic configuration.
- Specify all interfaces here. Multiple interfaces should be separated with a space as in: (eth0 wlan0)
- gateway
- If you are using static IP, set the gateway address. If using DHCP, you can usually ignore this variable, though some users have reported the need to define it.
- If you are using static IP, remove the ! in front of 'gateway'. If using DHCP, you can usually leave this variable commented out with the bang (!), but again, some users require the gateway and ROUTES defined. If you experience networking issues with pacman, for instance, you may want to return to these variables.
Example w/ Dynamic IP (DHCP):
HOSTNAME="arch" #eth0="eth0 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255" eth0="dhcp" INTERFACES=(eth0) gateway="default gw 192.168.0.1" ROUTES=(!gateway)
Example w/ Static IP:
HOSTNAME="arch" eth0="eth0 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255" INTERFACES=(eth0) gateway="default gw 192.168.0.1" ROUTES=(gateway)
When using a static IP, modify
/etc/resolv.conf to specify the DNS servers of choice. Please see the section below regarding this file.
DAEMONS Section
This array simply lists the names of those scripts contained in /etc/rc.d/ which are to be started during the boot process, and the order in which they start. Asynchronous initialization by backgrounding is also supported and useful for speeding up boot.
DAEMONS=(network @syslog-ng netfs @crond)
- If a script name is prefixed with a bang (!), it is not executed.
- If a script is prefixed with an "at" symbol (@), it shall be executed in the background; the startup sequence will not wait for successful completion of each daemon before continuing to the next. (Useful for speeding up system boot). Do not background daemons that are needed by other daemons. For example "mpd" depends on "network", therefore backgrounding network may cause mpd to break.
- Edit this array whenever new system services are installed, if starting them automatically during boot is desired.
About DAEMONS
The daemons line need not be changed at this time, but it is useful to explain what daemons are, as they will be addressed later in this guide.
A daemon is a program that runs in the background, waiting for events to occur and offering services. A good example is a web server that waits for a request to deliver a page (e.g.:httpd) or an SSH server waiting for a user login (e.g.:sshd). While these are full-featured applications, there are also daemons whose work is not that visible. Examples are a daemon which writes messages into a log file (e.g. syslog, metalog), and a daemon which provides a graphical login (e.g.: gdm, kdm). All these programs can be added to the daemons line and will be started when the system boots. Useful daemons will be presented during this guide.
Historically, the term daemon was coined by the programmers of MIT's Project MAC. They took the name from Maxwell's demon, an imaginary being from a famous thought experiment that constantly works in the background, sorting molecules. *nix systems inherited this terminology and created the backronym disk and execution monitor.
The fstab (for file systems table) is part of the system configuration listing all available disks and disk partitions, and indicating how they are to be initialized or otherwise integrated into the overall system's filesystem. The /etc/fstab file is most commonly used by the mount command. The mount command takes a filesystem on a device, and adds it to the main system hierarchy that you see when you use your system. mount -a is called from /etc/rc.sysinit, about 3/4 of the way through the boot process, and reads /etc/fstab to determine which options should be used when mounting the specified devices therein. If noauto is appended to a filesystem in /etc/fstab, mount -a will not mount it at boot.
An example of
# <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> devpts /dev/pts devpts defaults 0 0 shm /dev/shm tmpfs nodev,nosuid 0 0 UUID=0ddfbb25-9b00-4143-b458-bc0c45de47a0 / ext4 defaults 0 1 UUID=da6e64c6-f524-4978-971e-a3f5bd3c2c7b /var ext4 defaults 0 2 UUID=440b5c2d-9926-49ae-80fd-8d4b129f330b swap swap defaults 0 0 UUID=95783956-c4c6-4fe7-9de6-1883a92c2cc8 /home ext4 defaults 0 2
- <file system>
- describes the block device or remote filesystem to be mounted. For regular mounts, this field will contain a link to a block device node (as created by mknod which is called by udev at boot) for the device to be mounted; for instance, '/dev/cdrom' or '/dev/sda1'. Note: If your system has more than one hard drive, the installer will default to using UUID rather than the sdx naming scheme, for consistent device mapping. Utilizing UUID has several advantages and may also be preferred to avoid issues if hard disks are added to the system in the future. Due to active developments in the kernel and also udev, the ordering in which drivers for storage controllers are loaded may change randomly, yielding an unbootable system/kernel panic. Nearly every motherboard has several controllers (onboard SATA, onboard IDE), and due to the aforementioned development updates, /dev/sda may become /dev/sdb on the next reboot. (See this wiki article for more information on persistent block device naming. )
- <dir>
- describes the mount point for the filesystem. For swap partitions, this field should be specified as 'swap'; (Swap partitions are not actually mounted.)
- <type>
- describes the type of the filesystem. The Linux kernel supports many filesystem types. (For the filesystems currently supported by the running kernel, see /proc/filesystems). An entry 'swap' denotes a file or partition to be used for swapping. An entry 'ignore' causes the line to be ignored. This is useful to show disk partitions which are currently unused.
- <options>
- describes the mount options associated with the filesystem. It is formatted as a comma-separated list of options with no intervening spaces. It contains at least the type of mount plus any additional options appropriate to the filesystem type. For documentation on the available options for non-nfs file systems, see mount(8).
- <dump>
- used by the dump(8) command to determine which filesystems are to be dumped. dump is a backup utility. If the fifth field is not present, a value of zero is returned and dump will assume that the filesystem does not need to be backed up. Note that dump is not installed by default.
- <pass>
- used by the fsck(8) program to determine the order in which filesystem checks are done at boot time. The root filesystem should be specified with a <pass> of 1, and other filesystems should have a <pass> of 2 or 0. Filesystems within a drive will be checked sequentially, but filesystems on different drives will be checked at the same time to utilize parallelism available in the hardware. If the sixth field is not present or zero, a value of zero is returned and fsck will assume that the filesystem does not need to be checked.
Expanded information available in the Fstab wiki entry.
Most users will not need to modify this file at this time, but please read the following explanatory information.
This file allows further fine-tuning of the initial ram filesystem, or initramfs, (also historically referred to as the initial ramdisk or "initrd") for your system. The initramfs is a gzipped image that is read by the kernel during boot. The purpose of the initramfs is to bootstrap the system to the point where it can access the root filesystem. This means it has to load any modules that are required for devices like IDE, SCSI, or SATA drives (or USB/FW, if you are booting from a USB/FW drive). Once the initrramfs loads the proper modules, either manually or through udev, it passes control to the kernel and your boot continues. For this reason, the initramfs only needs to contain the modules necessary to access the root filesystem. It does not need to contain every module you would ever want to use. The majority of common kernel modules will be loaded later on by udev, during the init process.
mkinitcpio is the next generation of initramfs creation. It has many advantages over the old
mkinitrd and
mkinitramfs scripts.
- It uses glibc and busybox to provide a small and lightweight base for early userspace.
- It can use udev for hardware autodetection at runtime, thus preventing numerous unnecessary modules from being loaded.
- Its hook-based init script is easily extendable with custom hooks, which can easily be included in pacman packages without having to modifiy mkinitcpio itself.
- It already supports lvm2, dm-crypt for both legacy and luks volumes, raid, swsusp and suspend2 resuming and booting from usb mass storage devices.
- Many features can be configured from the kernel command line without having to rebuild the image.
- The mkinitcpio script makes it possible to include the image in a kernel, thus making a self-contained kernel image is possible.
- Its flexibility makes recompiling a kernel unnecessary in many cases.
If using RAID or LVM on the root filesystem, the appropriate HOOKS must be configured. See the wiki pages for RAID and /etc/mkinitcpio for more info. If using a non-US keyboard. add the "
keymap" hook to load your local keymap during boot. Add the "
usbinput" hook if using a USB keyboard. Remember to add the "
usb" hook when installing arch on an external hard drive, Comfact Flash, or SD card, which is connected via usb, e.g.:
HOOKS="base udev autodetect pata scsi sata usb filesystems keymap usbinput"
(Otherwise, if boot fails for some reason you will be asked to enter root's password for system maintenance but will be unable to do so.)
If you need support for booting from USB devices, FireWire devices, PCMCIA devices, NFS shares, software RAID arrays, LVM2 volumes, encrypted volumes, or DSDT support, configure your HOOKS accordingly.
This file can be used to set special configuration options for the kernel modules. It is unnecessary to configure this file in the example.
The resolver is a set of routines in the C library that provide access to the Internet Domain Name System (DNS). One of the main functions of DNS is to translate domain names into IP addresses, to make the Web a friendlier place. The resolver configuration file, or /etc/resolv.conf, contains information that is read by the resolver routines the first time they are invoked by a process.
If you use a static IP, set your DNS servers in /etc/resolv.conf (nameserver <ip-address>). You may have as many as you wish. An example, using OpenDNS:
nameserver 184.108.40.206 nameserver 22.214.171.124
If you are using a router, you will probably want to specify your DNS servers in the router itself, and merely point to it from your
/etc/resolv.conf, using your router's IP (which is also your gateway from
/etc/rc.conf). Example:
nameserver 192.168.1.1
If using DHCP, you may also specify your DNS servers in the router, or allow automatic assignment from your ISP, if your ISP is so equipped.
This file associates IP addresses with hostnames and aliases, one line per IP address. For each host a single line should be present with the following information:
<IP-address> <hostname> [aliases...]
Add your hostname, coinciding with the one specified in /etc/rc.conf, as an alias, so that it looks like this:
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost yourhostname
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost archErrors in this entry may cause poor network performance and/or certain programs to open very slowly, or not work at all. This is a very common error for beginners.
/etc/rc.conf with such information. If, for whatever reason, this is not the case, you may add it yourself with the given instructions.
If you use a static IP, add another line using the syntax: <static-IP> <hostname.domainname.org> <hostname> e.g.:
192.168.1.100 yourhostname.domain.org yourhostname
126.96.36.199 www.google.com g 192.168.1.90 media 192.168.1.88 dataThe above example would allow you to access google simply by typing 'g' into your browser, and access to a media and data server on your network by name and without the need for typing out their respective IP addresses.
/etc/hosts.deny and /etc/hosts.allow
Modify these configurations according to your needs if you plan on using the ssh daemon. The default configuration will reject all incoming connections, not only ssh connections. Edit your /etc/hosts.allow file and add the appropriate parameters:
- Let everyone connect to you
sshd: ALL
- Restrict it to a certain ip
sshd: 192.168.0.1
- Restrict it to your local LAN network (range 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.0.255)
sshd: 192.168.0.
- Restrict for an IP range
sshd: 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0
If you do not plan on using the ssh daemon, leave this file at the default, (empty).
/usr/sbin/locale-gen command reads from /etc/locale.gen to generate specific locales. They can then be used by glibc and any other locale-aware program or library for rendering text, correctly displaying regional monetary values, time and date formats, alphabetic idiosyncrasies, and other locale-specific standards.
By default
/etc/locale.gen is an empty file with commented documentation. Once edited, the file remains untouched.
locale-gen runs on every glibc upgrade, generating all the locales specified in
Choose the locale(s) you need (remove the # in front of the lines you want), e.g.:
en_US ISO-8859-1 en_US.UTF-8
The installer will now run the locale-gen script, which will generate the locales you specified. You may change your locale in the future by editing /etc/locale.gen and subsequently running 'locale-gen' as root.
Choose a mirror repository for
pacman. Remember that archlinux.org is throttled, limiting downloads to 50KB/s. Check Mirrors for more details about selecting a pacman mirror.
Root password
Finally, set a root password and make sure that you remember it later. Return to the main menu and continue with installing bootloader.
When you select "Done", the system will rebuild the images and put you back to the Main Menu. This may take some time.
Install Bootloader
Because we have no secondary operating system in our example, we will need a bootloader. GRUB is the recommended bootloader and will be used in the following examples. Alternatively, you may choose LILO or Syslinux. Please see the related wiki and documentation pages if you choose to use a bootloader other than GRUB.
The provided GRUB configuration (
/boot/grub/menu.lst) should be sufficient, but verify its contents to ensure accuracy (specifically, ensure that the root (/) partition is specified by UUID on line 3). You may want to alter the resolution of the console by adding a vga=<number> kernel argument corresponding to your desired virtual console resolution. (A table of resolutions and the corresponding numbers is printed in the
- title
- A printed menu selection. "Arch Linux (Main)" will be printed on the screen as a menu selection.
- root
- GRUB's root; the drive and partition where the kernel (/boot) resides, according to system BIOS. (More accurately, where GRUB's stage2 file resides). NOT necessarily the root (/) file system, as they can reside on separate partitions. GRUB's numbering scheme starts at 0, and uses an hdx,x format regardless of IDE or SATA, and enclosed within parentheses. The example indicates that /boot is on the first partition of the first drive, according to the BIOS, so (hd0,0).
- kernel
- This line specifies:
- The path and filename of the kernel relative to GRUB's root. In the example, /boot is merely a directory residing on the same partition as / and vmlinuz26 is the kernel filename;
/boot/vmlinuz26. If /boot were on a separate partition, the path and filename would be simply
/vmlinuz26, being relative to GRUB's root.
- The path and filename of the kernel relative to GRUB's root. In the example, /boot is merely a directory residing on the same partition as / and vmlinuz26 is the kernel filename;
- The
root=argument to the kernel statement specifies the partition containing the root (/) directory in the booted system, (more accurately, the partition containing
/sbin/init). An easy way to distinguish the 2 appearances of 'root' in
/boot/grub/menu.lstis to remember that the first root statement informs GRUB where the kernel resides, whereas the second
root=kernel argument tells the kernel where the root filesystem (/) resides.
- The
- Kernel options. In our example, ro mounts the filesystem as read-only during startup, (usually a safe default; you may wish to change this in case it causes problems booting). Depending on hardware, rootdelay=8 may need to be added to the kernel options in order to be able to boot from an external usb hard drive.
- initrd
- The path and filename of the initial RAM filesystem relative to GRUB's root. Again, in the example, /boot is merely a directory residing on the same partition as / and kernel26.img is the initrd filename; /boot/kernel26.img. If /boot were on a separate partition, the path and filename would be simply /kernel26.img, being relative to GRUB's root.
title Arch Linux (Main) root (hd0,0) kernel /boot/vmlinuz26 root=/dev/sda1 ro initrd /boot/kernel26.img
Example for /boot on a separate partition
title Arch Linux (Main) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/sda3 ro initrd /kernel26.img
Install the GRUB bootloader to the master boot record (/dev/sda in our example).
That's it; You have configured and installed your Arch Linux base system. Exit the install, and reboot:
# reboot


text:
HSINCHU, TAIWAN AND CAMBRIDGE, UK - Apr. 20, 2005 - Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation (VIS), a leading specialty IC foundry service provider, and ARM [(LSE:ARM); (Nasdaq:ARMHY)], today announced VIS has licensed the ARM® Artisan® Physical IP products to support VIS' 0.25-micron CMOS process. This first license agreement between VIS and ARM will provide thousands of worldwide design teams using Artisan IP access to solutions optimized for VIS' IC manufacturing services. These IP solutions will help customers meet their design and foundry requirements as well as shorten their time-to-market.
VIS offers a wide range of process technologies, including logic, mixed-signal, analog, high voltage, low power, CMOS RF, flash, embedded memory and Bipolar CMOS DMOS (BCD). VIS currently has a capacity of more than 55,000 eight-inch wafer output per month and its generic and highly specialized processes comply with the requirements for the automotive, industrial, communication, consumer and PC industries.
The licensed ARM IP products include the Artisan advanced memory generators and SAGE-X™ Standard Cell Library. The IP conforms to the Artisan design standard including the Artisan extensive set of views and models delivered with industry leading EDA tools. Additionally, the agreement provides for ARM to distribute its VIS-based IP under its Artisan Access Library Program on a worldwide basis at no charge to licensed design teams.
"VIS is committed to becoming the world's leading customized specialty IC manufacturing foundry," said Daniel Chen, VIS' vice president, general counsel. "Collaborating with IP partners like ARM enables us to further provide cost-effective and value-added solutions to help meet our mutual customers' IC manufacturing needs."
"VIS and ARM are dedicated to providing customers with advanced SoC design solutions," said Mark Templeton, president and chief strategy officer of ARM, Inc. "This agreement will expand the proliferation of our technologies and enable our mutual customers to utilize the full potential of the ARM Artisan physical IP with Vanguard's highly respected manufacturing capability."
Product Availability
Front-end and complete views of the Artisan memory generators and SAGE-X Standard Cell for Vanguard's 0.25-micron process are immediately available on ARM's website at access.arm.com for licensed design teams to download at no charge.
About Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation
Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation is a leading specialty IC foundry service provider. Founded in 1994 and headquartered in Hsinchu Science Park, Taiwan, the Company specializes in IC manufacturing services such as Mask-ROM, High Voltage Devices, CMOS Imaging Sensors, Flash and Mixed-Mode processes. The Company's common stock is traded on the Taiwan Over-the-Counter (OTC) Stock Exchange under the code of "5347."
For more information, please visit VIS' web site at www.vis.com.tw.
About ARM
ARM designs the technology that lies at the heart of advanced digital products, from wireless, networking and consumer entertainment solutions to imaging, automotive, security and storage devices. ARM's comprehensive product offering includes 16/32-bit RISC microprocessors, data engines, 3D processors, digital libraries, embedded memories, peripherals, software and development tools, as well as analog functions and high-speed connectivity products. Combined with the company's broad Partner community, they provide a total system solution that offers a fast, reliable path to market for leading electronics companies. More information on ARM is available at http://www.arm.com.
Safe Harbor Statement
This press release contains forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, features and performance of the ARM Artisan products for VIS's 0.25-micron process and statements regarding the impact or benefit of such products. These statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, technical or other difficulties that affect the performance of such products and market acceptance of such 0.25-micron library products. More information about potential factors that could affect ARM's business and financial results is included in ARM's Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 including (without limitation) under the captions, "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," which is on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") and available at the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
ARM is a registered trademark of ARM Limited. SAGE-X is a trademark of ARM Limited. Artisan and Artisan Components are trademarks of ARM Physical IP, Inc. All other brands or product names are the property of their respective holders. "ARM"' is used to represent ARM Holdings plc; its operating company ARM Limited; and the regional subsidiaries ARM INC.; ARM KK; ARM Korea Ltd.; ARM Taiwan; ARM France SAS; ARM Consulting (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.; ARM Belgium N.V.; AXYS Design Automation Inc.; AXYS GmbH; ARM Embedded Solutions Pvt. Ltd.; and ARM Physical IP, Inc.
VIS Contact
Michelle Chang
Vanguard International Semiconductor Corporation
886-3-5770355 ext. 1900 or 1901
Molly Taylor
Text 100
+415 593 8454


text:
Editor's note: The Courier is publishing a series of articles examining arguments on both sides of Jeffco Public Schools' proposed property tax increase.
Opponents of a proposed tax increase for Jeffco schools say that speeding up teacher pay reform would go a long way toward closing a budget gap that proponents hope to fill with the tax hike.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the Columbine Courier, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
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text:
Inventory of county records, Callahan County courthouse, Baird, Texas
Description: Inventory of the records of Callahan County. Begins with an introduction and explanation of the roles of various county government offices. Describes the records of the Commissioners' Court, County Clerk, County Court, County Attorney, District Clerk, Justice of the Peace, Sheriff, Tax Assessor-Collector, County Treasurer, and School Superintendent. Includes a listing of Callahan County Records and an index.
Date: 1977
Creator: Texas County Records Inventory Project
Item Type: Refine your search to only Book
Partner: UNT Libraries


text:
AfriGeneas Genealogy and History Forum Archive
Re: Art Thomas, where are you?
In Response To: Art Thomas, where are you? ()
Hi Lisa,
I'm right here
I sent the information via private email last night. I thought I had sent an earlier message. Perhaps the cyber goblins ate it, or I just plain forgot.
I was getting anxious. Thanks for keeping tabs on me.
Art Thomas
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Watch The ::God Is Imaginary Videos On YouTube ::
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And you did it again, Eddy, Faith No More. Loved them. You're not stalking me, are you?Remember this one, off Angel Dust?
Straight up Techno, with a solid industrial beat
And I am stalking you, but only on this thread, and only while I write this post.
Listening to 80's thrash metal.