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ELSAH, Ill. – Greenville Baseball picked up a key 4-2 decision over Westminster College on Friday behind a complete game performance from Senior ace David Massengill. Massengill, now 5-1 on the season, gave up only two runs on five hits while striking out nine.
Aside from his efforts on the mound Massengill also shined at the plate, batting 3-for-5 with an RBI and a run scored. Sophomore third baseman Kenny Trager also aided GC offensively going 2-for-5 at the dish with a run scored and an RBI.
The Panthers jumped out to a 2-0 lead in the third inning and added another in the sixth to hold a 3-0-margin heading into the seventh. Westminster mustered two runs in the final three innings but was unable to trim the lead as Greenville clinched the 4-2 SLIAC matchup.
Due to field conditions the Panthers battled the Bluejays on the campus of Principia College.
GC Baseball (13-18, 12-5 SLIAC) will next take to Robert E. Smith Field tomorrow at 1:00 pm as they host the Panthers of Principia.


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Young Barnstead woman uninjured after deer forces her to drive into a pondBY JOHN QUINN
Union Leader Correspondent
July 09. 2013 3:36PM
BARNSTEAD – A local woman escaped serious injury when her car landed upside down in a pond along Beauty Hill Road Tuesday morning after she swerved to avoid a deer.
Police, firefighters and emergency personnel responded at 8:28 a.m. after the westbound 2004 Honda Accord driven by Elizabeth Smith, 20, of Barnstead, drove across the road, into a stone wall and flew into the pond near 266 Beauty Hill Road.
Police determined the accident occurred when Smith swerved to avoid striking a deer along a straight section.
Fire Chief Mark Tetreault said Smith, who climbed out a window and swam to shore, suffered minor scrapes and scratches.
"When we arrived, the vehicle was upside down and completely submerged," Tetreault said, adding he estimated "the vehicle was airborne for about three to four seconds."
Tetreault said the woman refused transport. He said she was not wearing her seatbelt.
Crews from Louden Garage pulled the car from the pond. Members of the state Department of Environmental Services assessed the scene.
No charges are pending.

subset: commoncrawl


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I am a bit confused with a problem, I have given out quite a few antipoints over the last few months since signing, but yet on the antipoint centre thing it says I have not given out any, but then when you scroll down It gives a list of the ones I have given out.
This is a bit odd because why would they both say something different.
Thanks for your help


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Market Overview – What We Think:
- While last weeks modest rebound in major indexes tempered some of negativity on Minor Cycle since May 22 short-term highs, that same near-term trend remains negative, albeit modestly "Oversold."
- Lacking strength that will ultimately carry index pricing back above May highs and potential Key Reversal Day (KRD) highs (1687.18-S&P 500), only presumption left is that May highs were also top of Intermediate Cycle uptrend begun last November 16 and that tone of market could remain negative until Intermediate Cycle slips into buying zone.
- How intermediate trend plays out will ultimately determine staying power of Major Cycle advance begun in March 2009.
- Fact sellers have continued to push prices lower after each upside attempt and that market remains "Overbought" on larger cycles is indication of larger cycle vulnerability. Market's inability to overcome sellers could be a clue environment has begun to shift from one of buying on weakness to one of selling on strength.
- Marked increase in trading volume on downside during recent decline as reflected in Cumulative Volume suggests S&P 500, S&P 500 Emini, and Dow Jones 30 should be trading lower that current bids suggest. Last time such volume losses developed was during 2008-2009 bear market.
There are other pieces to the current near-term puzzle that are evident. Our Most Actives Advance Decline Line (MAAD) and our Call/Put Dollar Value Flow Line (CPFL) Daily Ratios are not far from "Neutral/Oversold" levels (1.25 and .68, respectively) to suggest there could still be some upward bounce in the market. Short-term Momentum in the S&P is near "Neutral" and both of our price-based Trading Oscillators are also "Neutral/Oversold." In addition, all of the key indexes we follow managed to bounce higher after either penetrating the lower edges 10-Week Price Channels (S&P and Dow).or slightly teasing those points (NASDAQ Composite and Value Line index). That latter evidence underscores the fact statistical support came into play just before last weeks rally.
And from a purely charting point-of-view, price action in the S&P has traced out what looks like a perfect a-b-c pullback from the May 22 high. May 22 (1687.18) to June 6 (1598.23) constituted the "a" leg of the formation. The "b" leg lasted from June 6 to June 18 (1654.19). The "c" from June 18 to June 24 (1560.33) finished the move and completed selling to a downside measured move target at 1565.24.
Daily S & P 500 with Cumulative Volume (CV)
Weekly S & P 500 with Cumulative Volume (CV)
So has selling since May 22 been merely a pullback within the context of a still positive, but damaged, Intermediate Cycle? Or is something else developing?


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Does anyone know a good place to get cheap/second hand PCs and laptops from?
Somewhere in the world! ...
Where do you live? I know of a good shop in Japan and Iraq ....
\"The only truly secure system is one that is powered off, cast in a block of concrete and sealed in a lead-lined room with armed guards - and even then I have my doubts\".....Spaf
Everytime I learn a new thing, I discover how ignorant I am.- ... Black Cluster
http://www.ebay.wherever the hell you are from
Drugs have taught an entire generation of kids the metric system.
If you happen to live near a large DoD Base, every-so-often they sell their older computers (minus any software) for a very reasonable price. You will most likely have to buy several, but even then the cost is really low. That office is the: "DRMO" (Defense Reutilization and Marketing).
Connection refused, try again later.
APART FROM EBAY! 'Cause ebay doesn't guarrantee that you'll get it, does it?! (except the 1 in a million chance that it'll be 'Buy now')
I don't know if I got him wrong, but he said PLACE, not a website .... if you are looking for something online .. check eBay .... or use google ....
I wish i could neg you again
Like everyone who has bothered themselves to reply to you has asked, WHERE ARE YOU FROM?
I'm from Chorley, England
Hi hackerjacker
The cheapest place that I've found in the North West (of the UK) is Planet Micro and they can be found at Castlefield Industrial Estate, Beresford Street, Failsworth, Manchester
(just off Oldham Road) Telephone Number: 0870 745 3555
nokia - I can but haven't yet.
Hackerwanker - Please, use some semblance of intellect. You're giving the brits here a bad rep. Although *finally* answering their question was a decent start, promptness is greatly appreciated when you're the one asking questions. You might find decent deals on systems either on ebay, by googling for them, or checking pricewatch.com if you're into building your own systems. I would also suggest checking out your local telephone directory for small computer businesses. Usually a smaller computer business has several refurbished legacy systems they're willing to sell off at a reasonable price.
Even a broken watch is correct twice a day.
Which coder said that nobody could outcode Microsoft in their own OS? Write a bit and make a fortune!
Forum Rules


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Welcome to Search engine information service, we present various solutions and best experience, how to place website on the first page of Google, Search engine is the main entrance, because internet users can no longer memorize millions of websites, and as their gabel search results from Google, Yahoo !, Bing, and other search engines, There are various tips and tricks that we have presented for you on this simple website.
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Through the years of hunting with private landowners and at lodges, one thing I've tried to remember is to ask specific questions about the hunt.
That seems like a simple thing. We ask about deer ages and antlers, or what the host has as a minimum requirement. Some don't have them and others have specifics for age or antler size. To each his own.
But often, I've noticed, hunters don't think about other things to ask before starting their hunt. A couple to remember:
Can you shoot coyotes, bobcats, hogs or other predators? Some landowners want 'em all whacked and others don't. If you're targeting big bucks or turkeys, you have to decide whether to pop a 'yote and maybe risk a chance at a gobbler or deer. Some states also have license requirements for these animals above your deer or turkey permits, too.
Learn More About Trapping Predators to Help Your Deer Population and Wildlife!
If you shoot a deer, should you get out of the stand to track it? This often is a no-no, especially if the deer doesn't fall and die within eyesight. You don't want to risk bumping a deer and having a longer track, or not even finding it, if you get out of the stand and mosey around. Plus, it may be a safety issue if other hunters are nearby. Find out first.
Is a safety harness required? You should be wearing one anyway, but it doesn't hurt to ask. Some landowners and lodges require these as a liability issue. This is a no-brainer, though. If you're hunting from a climber or ladder stand it's best to have one.
Don't Take Chances — Wear A Safety Harness Every Time You Climb
Can I shoot a doe? This may depend on the landowner's management plan, as well as the state's season and permits. Double-check to make sure before popping a doe and then getting the stink-eye.
Ted Jaycox, owner of Tall Tine Outfitter in southwest Kansas, has allowed hunters to shoot does in previous years. During the 2013 season, however, following a two-year drought there, he opted against it.
"Y'know, one thing about that is if you're hunting for a specific buck or we've seen one in the area, you may shoot a doe and blow an opportunity," he said. "This year we opted against it even though Kansas (wildlife agency) provided either-sex tags."
Can I use scents or attractants? Definitely ask your host about this before traipsing around your stand site to hang a wick or put out some kind of attractant. If you're with an outfitter they likely will want you to go straight to the stand, especially if they believe a good buck already is in the area.
"Kansas allows hunting with feeders so they already have a lot of deer around them," Jaycox said. "Do you realize how many times deer pee around those areas? I don't think a few more drops of pee from a bottle will make a difference, honestly. You'd also be walking around the area where those deer will be and leaving your scent.
"Now, I had a guy who put out some kind of buck bomb and he killed a nice buck, so he was convinced that was the reason why he did. I don't see the need for anything extra. I'm kind of the same way about grunting and rattling. What if a big buck is nearby and you don't know it, but you start grunting or rattling and it spooks that deer? He may not like something about what's going on and could go the other way. But if you've paid for the hunt and want to, it's your money."
How about other game animals? Is turkey season open and can you kill one? How about small game hunting one afternoon? Again, some landowners may not mind a bit and others don't want anyone in the woods for any reason other than for deer hunting.
Can I drive an ATV or UTV, or should I walk? This one should definitely be asked and understood, especially on private land. There's a camp of "ATVs are for lazybones" and others who want you to park well away from a stand or field, and still more who don't believe it matters. But you don't want to be part of the latter in a camp with folks who don't use ATVs for anything or only to drag out a deer. Make sure before crankin' up and having someone else get bent out of shape because they heard the putt-putt-putt of an ATV or saw a quiet UTV rolling by across the cutover field.
Other things to ask about include hunter blaze orange requirements, any regulations on CWD and transporting deer, requirements about tagging deer in the field or traveling with meat, and legal shooting hours.
These all sound basic, but in our excitement we sometimes forget. Remember to ask and be sure.
— Alan Clemons, Managing Editor
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— Whitetail Behavior, an action-packed 60-minute DVD with great information and footage showing deer behavior in the field
Order now!


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Category archives for Ketoi
Ah yes, a reminder that there are other volcanoes erupting around the world than Eyjafjallajökull – but yes, it is true! Here is the latest USGS/Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program Weekly Volcanic Activity Report! Highlights (not including Iceland) include: Another volcano in the Kuril Islands of Russia is showing signs of, well, something. Ketoi was noticed…


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chirks is a valid word in this word list. For a definition, see the external dictionary links below.
The word "chirks" uses 6 letters: C H I K R S.
Direct anagrams of chirks:
kirsch schrik
Words formed by adding one letter before or after chirks (in bold), or to chikrs in any order:
a - ricksha e - shicker s - schriks
Shorter words found within chirks:
chi chirk chis cis cris hi hic hick hicks his ich ichs ick irk irks is khi khis kir kirs kris rich rick ricks risk sh shirk shri si sic sick sir ski sri
List shorter words within chirks, sorted by length
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SUMMARY OF THE MAJOR PROVISIONS OF S. 174, THE WILDERNESS BILL 1. What~ the purpose of the b1ll? To establish a National Wilderness Preservation System for the permanent good of the whole people, before our shrinking wildlands entirely disappear. 2. What may be included 0 the Wilderness System? The system would be limited to Federal land already withdrawn for recreational use; made up from the following components. (a) Areas in national forests classified as Wilderness, Wild, or Canoe, on effective date of Act. (b) Areas in national forests classified as Primitive, on effective date of Act. (c) Areas in National Parks and Monuments, embracing at least 5, 000 acres without roads, on effective date of Act. (d) Selected portions ci wildlife refuges and game ranges established prior to effective date of Act. 3. When and How would these ~become part of the Wilderness System? Each of the frur categories listed above are treated separately under the bill. Thus: (a) Wilderness, Wild,or Canoe areas would become part of the system upon enactment of this bill. (b) Primitive areas would be temporarily incorporated into the system upon enactment of the bill. However, the Forest Service would review each of these areas, during the 10 years following enactment, to exclude any part found to be more suitable for lumbering ,mining ,or other commercial use. Those parts having predominant wilderness values would then be recommended by the President to Cmgress for permanent retentim in the system. Either the House or Senate could veto any such recommendation. (c) Roadless areas within National Parks and Monuments will be incorporated into the system, during the 10 years following enactment, as recommended by the President to Congress, subject to veto by either House or Senate. (d) Selected portions of wildlife refuges and game ranges will be incorporated into the system, during the 10 years following enactment, as the President may recommend to Congress, subject to the same Ccngressional veto. Once the Wilderness System has been establiahed_as above prn,.ided, nn new additions =ay be made to it, except by an affirmative Act of Cmgress. 4. What restrictions would ~ within the Wilderness System? Subject to existing rights, there would be no commercial enterprise within the system, no roads, no buildings, and no use of motor vehicles, motorboats, or aircraft. However, these restrictions are subject to the following special exceptions: (a) Aircraft and motorboats may continue to be used, wherever the practice has become established. (b) Guides, with their pack strings, boats, and camping equipment, may continue to furnish their services for recreational purposes. (c) Within national forest and public domain areas included within the Wilderness System: (1) The grazing of livestock shall continue, wherever well established. (2) The President may authorize, within specific areas, prospecting, mining, reservoirs, water conservation works, transmission lines, and such roads as may be essential to develcp and use them, wherever he determines such use will better serve the public interest than its denial. 5. What general exceptions ~made by the bill? The bill expressly allows for the following: (a) Such n1easures may be taken within the wilderness system as may be necessary in the control of fire, insects, and disease, (b) The jurisdiction of the States with respect to fish and wildlife in the national forests is left untouched by the bill. (c) Within National Forests and ptblic domain areas in the Wilderness System, any activity, including prospecting, for the purpose of gathering information about mineral or water resources, will be lawful if carried on in a manner not inccrnpatible with the preservation of the wilderness environment. (d) Application of State water laws within the wilderness system are not affected by the bill. (e) The jurisdiction of the Federal Power Commission to license darn construction is not affected by the bill. ONLY FIVE AREAS IN IDAHO WOULD BE AFFECTED BY THE PROPOSED WILDERNESS BILL I ' ' I D Maximum possible inclusion would be 3, 094,568 acres, which is 5. 7o/o of Idaho's total area. Actual inelusion would probably be less, fdlowing review of Primitive areas to exclude portions more suitable for multiple use. I A 0 All areas affected by the Wilderness Bill have already been withdrawn as Primitive Areas, National Monuments, or National Parks, As shown in the map above they are: 1. Selway-Bitterroot Primitive Area (National Forest)(also in Montana) 1,581,210 2. Idaho Frimiti"Ve"-ATea (National Forest) . . . 1, 232,744 3. Sawtooth Primitive Area (National Forest) . • . . . . . • 200,942 4. Craters of the Moon National Mcnument. . . . . • • • . . 48, 184 5. Yellowstone National Park (also in Montana and Wyoming). 31 , 488 Total. • . 3, 094, 568 NO INTERFERENCE WITH IDAHO'S ECONOMY Passage of the Wilderness Bill would have no dislocating effect whatever on Idaho's economy, since lumbering is presently prohibited, and no mines are operating in any of the areas which could be included in the Wilderness System. Such grazing as now occurs in these areas would not be affected by the bill. 87TH CONGRESS 1sT SESSION s. 174 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES JANUARY 5 (legislative day, JANUARY 4), 1961 Mr. ANDERSON (for himself, Mr. JACKSON, Mr. KucHEL, Mr. LAUSCHE, Mr. HuMPHREY, Mrs. NEUBERGER, Mr. RANDOLPH, Mr. PROXMIRE, Mr. S<JOTT, Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey, Mr. DouGLAs, Mr. BYRD of West Virginia, Mr. WILEY, and Mr. CLARK) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs A BILL To establish a National Wilderness Preservation System for the permanent good of the whole people, and for other purposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 SHORT TITLE 4 SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the "Wilderness 5 Act". 6 WILDERNEss SYSTEM EsTABLISHED 7 STATEMENT OF POLICY 8 SEc. 2. (a) The Congress recognizes that an increas- 9 ing population, accompanied by expanding settlement and VII-0 2 1 growing mechanization, is destined to occupy and modify all 2 areas within the United States and its possessions except 3 those that are designated for preservation and protection in 4 their natural condition. It is accordingly declared to be the 5 policy of the Congress of the United States to secure for the 6 American people of present and future generations the bene- 7 fits of an enduring resource of wilderness. For this purpose 8 there is hereby established a National Wilderness Preserva- 9 tion System to be composed of federally owned areas in the 10 United States and its possessions to be administered for the 11 use of enjoyment of the American people in such manner 12 as will leave them unimpaired for future use and enjoyment 13 as wilderness, and so as to provide for the protection of these 14 areas, the preservation of their wilderness character, and for 15 the gathering and dissemination of information regarding 16 their use and enjoyment as wilderness. 17 DEFINITION OF WILDERNESS 18 (b) A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where 19 man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby 20 recognized as an area where the earth and its community 21 of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a 22 visitor who does not remain. An area of wilderness is fur- 23 ther defined to mean in this Act an area of undeveloped 24 Federal land retaining its primeval character and influence, 25 without permanent improvements or human habitation, J 1 1 1~ 1E 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 3 1 which is protected and managed so as to preserve its natural 2 conditions and which ( 1) generally appears to have been 3 affected primarily by the forces of nature, with the imprint 4 of man's works substantially unnoticeable; ( 2) has out- 5 standing opportunities for solitude or a primitive and un- 6 confined type of recreation; ( 3) is of sufficient size as to 7 make practicable its preservation and use in an unimpaired 8 condition; and ( 4) may also contain ecological, geological, 9 or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or his- 10 torical value. 11 NATIONAL WILDERNESS PRESERVATION SYSTEM 12 EXTENT OF SYSTEM 13 SEc. 3. (a) The National Wilderness Preservation 14 System (hereafter referred to in this Act as the wilderness 15 system) shall comprise (subject to existing private rights) 16 such federally owned areas as are established as part of such 17 system under the provisions of this Act. 18 NATIONAL FOREST AREAS 19 (b) ( 1 ) The wilderness system shall include all areas 20 within the national forests classified on the effective date of 21 this Act by the Secretary of Agriculture or the Chief of the 22 Forest Service as wilderness, wild, primitive, or canoe: 23 Provided, That the areas classified as primitive shall be sub- 24 ject to review as hereinafter provided. Following enact- 25 ment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall, within 4 1 fifteen years, review, in accordance with paragraph C, sec- 2 tion 251.20, of the Code of Federal Regulations, title 36, 3 effective January 1, 1959, the suitability of each primitive 4 area in the national forests for preservation as wilderness 5 and shall report his findings to the President. Before the 6 convening of Congress each year, the President shall advise 7 the United States Senate and the House of Representatives 8 of his recommendation with respect to the continued inclu- 9 sion within the wilderness system, of each area on which 10 review has been completed in the preceding year, together 11 with maps and definition of boundaries: Provided, That the 12 President may, as part of such recommendations, alter the 13 boundaries existing on the date of this Act for any primitive 14 area included, to exclude portions not predominantly of 15 wilderness value or to add any adjacent area of national 16 forest lands that are predominantly of wilderness value. The 17 recommendation of the President with respect to each area 18 shall become effective subject to the provisions of subsection 19 (f) of this section. 20 ' ( 2) The purposes of this Act are hereby declared to 21 be within and supplemental to but not in interference with 22 the purposes for which national ·forests are established as 23 set forth in the Act of June 4, 1897 ( 30 Stat. 11 ) and 24 the Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act of June 12, 1960; 25 Public Law 86-517 (74 Stat. 215). J ] ] ] l1 2 2 2 2 2: 1 NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM AREAS 2 (c) ( 1 ) There shall be incorporated into the wilderness 3 system, subject to the provisions of and at the time provided 4 in this section, each portion of each park, monument, or 5 other unit in the national park system which on the effective 6 date of this Act embraces a continuous area of five thousand 7 acres or more without roads. Within ten years after the 8 effective date of this Act the Secretary of the Interior shall 9 review the units of the national park system and shall report 10 his recommendations for the incorporation of each such 11 portion into the wilderness system to the President. Before 12 the convening of Congress each year, the President shall 13 advise the United States Senate and the House of Repre- 14 sentatives of his recommendations with respeet to the incor- 15 poration into the wilderness system of each such portion for 16 which review has been completed in the preceding year, 17 together with maps and definitions of boundaries. The reelS ommendation of the President with respect to each such por- 19 tion shall become effective subject to the provisions of sub- 20 section (f) of this section. 21 ( 2) The Secretary of the Interior shall include, as part 22 of his recommendations to the President under the provisions 23 of this subsection, a description of the parts of each park, 24 monument, or other unit submitted which should be reserved 25 for roads, motor trails, buildings, accommodations for visitors, 6 1 and administrative installations. Such parts shaH be deter- 2 mined in accordance with the procedures for rulemaking un- 3 der section 4 of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 4 U.S.C., sec. 1003) , except that the public notice required 5 under such section shall be at least ninety days prior to the 6 determination proceedingR. No designation of an area for 7 roads, motor trails, buildings, accommodations for visitors, 8 or administrative installations shall modify or affect the ap- 9 plication to that area of the provisions of the Act approved 10. August 25, 1916, entitled "An Act to establish a National 11 Park Service, ttnd for other purposes" (39 Stat. 535, 16 12 U.S. C. 1 and following). The accommodations and installa- 13 tions in such designated areas shall be incident to the con- 14 servation and use and enjoyment of the scenery and the nat- 15 ural and historical objects and flora and fauna of the park 16 or monument in its natural condition. Further, the inclu- 17 sion of any area of any park, monument, or other unit of the 18 national park system within the wilderness system pursuant 19 to this Act shall in no manner lower the standards evolved 20 for the use and preservation of such area in accordance with 21 such Act of August 25, 1916, the statutory authority under 22 which the area was created, or any other Act of Congress 23 which might pertain to or affect such area, including, but not 24 limited to, the Act of ,J nne 8, 1906 ( 34 Stat. 225; 16 25 U.S.C., sec. 432 and following) ; section 3 (2) of the Fed- 1 1: 1( 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 e 25 SE 7 1 eral Power Act (16 U.S.C., sec. 796 {2)); and the Act of 2 August 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 666; 16 U.S.C., sec. 461 and 3 following) . 4 NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES AND GAME RANGES 5 (d) There shall be incorporated into the wilderness sys- 6 tern, subject to the provisions of and at the time provided in 7 this section, such portions of the wildlife refuges and game 8 ranges under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of the Interior 9 as he may recommend for such incorporation to the President 10 within ten years following t.he effective date of this Act, and 11 such portions of the wildlife refuges and game ranges added 12 to his jurisdiction after such date but not later than fifteen 13 years following such date as he may recommend for such 14 incorporation to the President within two years following 15 the date on which such refuge or range was added to his 16 jurisdiction. Before the convening of Congress each year 17 the President shall advise the United States Senate and the 18 House of Representatives of his recommendations with re- 19 spect to the incorporation into the wilderness system of 20 each area recommended for such incorporation by the Sec- 21 retary of the Interior during the preceding year, together 22 with maps and definitions of boundaries. The recommenda- 23 tion of the President with respect to each area shall become 24 effective subject to the provisions of subsection (f) of this 25 section. 8 1 MODIFIO.ATION OF BOUNDARIES 2 (e) Any proposed modification or adjustment of bound- 3 aries of any portion of the wilderness system established 4 in accordance with this Act shall be made by the appropriate 5 Secretary after public notice of such proposal by publication 6 in a newspaper having general circulation in the vicinity of 7 such boundaries and public hearing to be held in such vicinity 8 not less than ninety days after such notice if there is suf- 9 ficient demand during such ninety days for such hearing. 10 The proposed modification or adjustment shall then be rec- 11 ommended with map and description thereof to the Presi- 12 dent. The President shall advise the United States Senate 13 and the House nf Representatives of his recommendations 14 with respect to sueh modification or adjustment and such 15 recommendations 8hall become effective subject to the pro- 16 visions of subsection (f) of this section. 17 EFFECTIVE DATE OF PRESIDENT'S REOOMMEND.A.TIONS 18 (f) Any recommendation of the President made in ac- 19 cordance with the provisions of this section shall take effect 20 upon the day following the adjoumment sine die of the first 21 complete session of the Congress following the date or dates 22 on which such recommendation was received by the United 23 States Senate and the House of Representatives; but only 24 if prior to such adjournment the Congress did not approve 25 a concurrent resolution declaring that the Congress is op- ' 9 1 posed to such recommendation. Any such concurrent reso- 2 lution shall be subject to the procedures provided under the 3 provisions of sections 203 through 206 of the Reorganiza- 4 tion Act of 1949 (5 U.S.C., sees. 133z-12-133z-15) for 5 a resolution of either House of Congress. 6 EFFECT OF PUBLIC NOTICE OF PROPOSED ADDITION TO 7 WILDERNESS SYSTEM 8 (g) The public notice by either the Secretary of the 9 Interior or the Secretary of Agriculture that any area is to 10 be proposed under the provisions of this Act for incorporation 11 as part of the wilderness system shall segregate such area 12 from any or all appropriation under the public land laws .to 13 the extent deemed necessary by such Secretary. Such segre- 14 gation shall terminate (1) upon rejection of such proposal 15 by the President, (2) upon approval by the Congress of a 16 concurrent resolution opposing the incorporation of such ar'ea 17 in the wilderness system, or ( 3) five years after the date of 18 such notice if the proposal to incorporate such area as part 'of 19 the wilderness system has not been submitted to both 20 Houses of Congress prior to the expiration of such five years. 2l ADDITION OR ELIMINATION NOT PROVIDED FOR IN THIS ACT 22 (h) The addition of any area to, or the elimination • of 23 any area from, the wilderness system which is not specifically 24 provided for under the provisions of this Act shall be made 10 1 only after specific authorization by law for such addition ot: 2 elimination. 3 ACQUISITION OF CERTAIN PRIVATELY OWNED J,ANDS 4 WITHIN THE WILDERNESS SYSTEM 5 SEC. 4. The Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary 6 of Agriculture are each authorized to acquire as part of the 7 wilderness system any privately owned land within any por- 8 tion of such system under his jurisdiction. 9 GIFTS OR BEQUESTS OF LAND 10 SEc. 5. The Secretary of Agrirulture and the Secretary 11 of the Interior may each accept gifts or bequests of land 12 for preservation as wilderness, Mid such land Rhnll on ac- 13 ceptance become part of the wilderneRs system. Rrgulations 14 with regard to any such land may be in accordance with 15 such agreements, consistent with the policy of this Act, 16 as are made at the time of such gift, or such conditions, 17 consistent with such policy, as may be included in.. and 18 accepted with, such bequest. 19 UsE oF THE WILDERNESS 20 OTHER PROVISIONS OF LAW 21 SEC. 6. (a) Nothing in this Act shall be interpreted 22 as interfering with the purposes stated in the establishment 23 of, or pertaining to, any park, monument, or other unit of 24 the national park system, or any national forest, wildlife 2fi refuge, game range, or other area involved, except that ll" y .e r-y d ]- IS h t, s, td ld 1t of fe at 11 1 any agency administering any area within the wilderness 2 system shall be responsible for preserving the wilderness 3 character of the area and shall so administer such area for 4 such other purposes as also to preserve its wilderness char- 5 acter. The wilderness system shall be devoted to the public 6 purposes of recreational, scenic, scientific, educational, con- 7 servation, and historical use. Subject to the provisions of 8 this Act, all such use shall be in harmony, both in ·kind 9 and degree, with the wilderness environment and with its 10 preservation. 11 PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN USES 12 (b) Except as specifically provided for in this Act and 13 subject to any existing private rights, there shall be no com- 14 mercia! enterprise within the wilderness system, no perma- 15 nent road, nor shall there be any use of motor vehicles, 16 motorized equipment, or motorboats, or landing of aircraft 17 nor any other meehanical transport .or delivery of persons or 18 supplies, nor any temporary road, nor any structure or in- 19 stallation, in excess of the minimum required for the admin- 20 istration of the area for the purposes of this Act, including 21 such measures as may be required in emergencies involving 22 the health and safety of persons within such areas. 23 SPECIAL PROVISIONS 24 (c) The following special provisions are hereby made: 25 ( 1) Within national forest areas included in the wilder- 12 1 ness system the use of aircraft or motorboats where these 2 practices have already become well establish~d may be per- • 3 mitted to continue .subject to such restrictions as the Secre- 4 tary of Agriculture deems desirable. In addition, such 5 measures may be taken as may be necessary in the control 6 of fire, insects, and diseases, subject to such conditions as the 7 Secretary of Agriculture deems desirable. 8 , ( 2) Within national forest and pnblie domain areas in- 9 eluded in the wilderness system, (A) the President may, 10 within a specific area and in accordance with such regula- 11 tions a.s he may deem desirable, authorize prospecting (in- 12 eluding exploration for oil and gas), mining (including the 13 production of oil and ga.s) , and the establishment and main- 14 tenance of reservoirs, water-conservation works, and other 15 facilities needed in the public interest, including the road 16 construction and maintenance essential to development and 17 use thereof, upon his determination that such use or uses in 18 the specific area will better serve the interests of the United 19 States and the people thereof than will its denial; and (B) 20 the grazing of livestock, where well established prior to the 21 effective date of this Act with respect to area.s established as 22 part of the wilderness system by this Act, or prior to the date 23 of public notice thereof with respect to any area to be 24 recommended for incorporation in the wilderness system, 25 may be permitted to continue subject to such restrictions as se :r-e- ~h ol te 1- v, L- 1- .e L- :r d d [l :I a s l 13 1 are deemed necessary by the Secretary having jurisdiction 2 over such area. 3 ( 3) Other provisions of this Act to the contrary not- 4 withstanding, the management of the Boundary Waters 5 Canoe Area, formerly designated as the Superior, Little 6 Indian Sioux, and Caribou roadless areas in the Superior 7 National Forest, Minnesota, shall be in accordance with 8 regulations established by the Secretary of Agriculture in 9 accordance with the general purpose of maintaining, without 10 unnecessary restrictions on other uses, including that of 11 timber, the primitive . character of the· area, particularly in 12 the vicinity of lakes, streams, and portages: Provided, That 13 nothing in this Act shall preclude the continuance within 14 the area of any already established use of motorboats. 15 Nothing in this Act shall modify the restrictions and provi- 16 sions of the Shipstead-Nolan Act, Public Law 539, Seventy- 17 first Congress, July 10, 1930 (46 Stat'. 1020), the 18 Thye-Blatnik Act, Public Law 733, Eightieth Congress, 19 June 22, 1948 ( 62 Stat. 568) , and the Humphrey-Thye- 20 Blatnik-AndreMn Act, Public Law. 607, Eighty-fourth 21 Congress, June 22, 1956 (70 Stat. 326), as applying to the 22 Superior National Forest or the regulations of the Secretary 23 of Agriculture. Modifications of the Boundary Waters 24 Canoe Area within the Superior National Forest shall be 25 accomplished in the manner provided in section 3 (e) . 14 1 ( 4) Commercial services may be performed within the 2 wilderness system to the extent necessary for activities which 3 are proper for realizing the recreational or other purposes 4 of the system as established in this Act. 5 ( 5) · Any existing use or form of appropriation author- 6 ized or provided for in the Executive order or legislation 7 establishing any national wildlife refuge or game range existS ing on the effective date of this Act may be continued under 9 such authorization or provision. 10 ( 6) Nothing in this Act shall constitute an express or 11 implied claim or denial on the part of the Federal Govern- 12 ment as to exemption from State water laws. 13 ( 7) Nothing in this Act shall be construed as affecting 14 the jurisdiction or responsibilities of the several States with 15 respect to wildlife and fish in the national forests. 16 RECORDS AND REPORTS 17 SEc. 7. The Secretary of the Interior and the Secre- 18 tary of Agriculture shall each maintaln available to the 19 public records of portions of the wilderness system under 20 his jurisdiction, including maps and descriptions, copies of 21 regulations governing them, copies of public notices of, 22 and reports submitted to Congress regarding pending addi- 23 tions, eliminations, or modifications. At the opening of each 24 session of Congress, the Secretaries shall jointly report to 25 the President for transmission to Congress on the status of l 15 1 the wilderness system, including a list and description of 2 areas in the system, regulations in effect, and other pertinent 3 information, together with any recommendations they may 4 care to make. 5 .CONTRIBUTIONS AND GIFTS 6 SEc. 8. The Secretary of the Interior and the Secre- 7 tary of Agriculture are each authorized to accept private conS tributions and gifts to be used to further the purposes of this 9 Act. Any such contributions or gifts shall, for purposes of 10 Federal income, estate, and gift taxes, be considered a con- 11 tribution or gift to or for the use of the United States for 12 an exclusively public purpose, and may be deducted as such 13 under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, 14 subject to all applicable limitations and restrictions contained 15 therein. 87TH CONGRESS lBT 81cB8ION s. 174 A BILL To establish a National Wilderness Preservation System for the permanent good of the whole people, and for other purposes. By Mr. ANDERSON, Mr. JACKSON, Mr. KucHEL, Mr. LAuscHE, Mr. HUMPHREY, Mrs. NEUBERGER, Mr. RANDOLPH, Mr. PaoXMIRE, Mr. SCOTT, Mr. WILLIAMs of New Jersey, Mr. DouGLAS, Mr. BY1U> of West Virginia, Mr. WILEY, and Mr. Cr.Arut JANUABY 5 (legislative day, JANUAB.Y 4) 1 1961 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Interior and IDBU!ar Affairs Statement of JAMES KEANE on behalf of the IDAHO MINING ASSOCIATION to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs Unit~d States Senate February 27, 1961 IN RE: S, 174, to establish a National Wilderness Preservation System Mr. Chairman, I am James Keane of Wallace, Idaho, appearing on behalf of the Idaho Mining Association, Mining bas played an important part in the development of our State, It is presently the fourth largest industry in Idaho, Numerous recreation areas were cr'e ated in undeveloped areas as a result of mining, the most famous being Sun Valley, In Idaho there are approximately 3,000,000 acres of land which are classified as primitive, This area comprises more than 15~ of our National Forest and more than 9~ of available public domain, If s. 174 becomes law, mining will be effectively excluded from the wilderness system. Under the present law, however, mining claims may be located in National forests and wilderness areas, It is true that the President may authorize prospecting or mining in the wilderness system, However, in our opinion, this is a nebulous right, which as a practical metter would never be authorized by the President because no commercial enterprise is authorized in the wilderness system, and no geological work could be carried on to determine whether prospecting or mining would be desirable. Without this essential i~ formation, the President would have no reason to authorize prospecting or mining. JAMES KEANE Page 2 - address Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs February 27, 1961 It is our position that a bill of this nature should not be considered until there has been a geological evaluation of the area in question. Under this bill, mining would lose a pre-emptive right to locate mining claims in national forestswhich include primitive and wilderness areas, a right which it has enJoyed since 1897! This is being done without anyone having any appreciable knowledge of what valuable mineral may exist in the areas withdrawn as wilderness. It is our position that such withdrawals should not be made until there has been a geological evaluation of the areas in question, and where this is impractical, existing rights under the mining laws should be preserved until such evaluation can be made. In our opinion there is no pressing need for the passage of S. 174, and certainly not in advance of the report of the National Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission, which report would give the committee additional information in advance of enacting legislation of this type. The primitive areas in Idaho have remained virtually un-changed through more than 100 years of western development. There has been no commercial enterprise which has damaged any of the beauty of the primitive areas. under the existing law there will be no change in these conditions until such a time as a commercial development may transcend their value as wilderness. Then the doctrine of the Multiple-Use - Sustained Yield Act of "the greatest good for the greatest number" would be applied, JAMES KEANE PBge 3 - Addreess Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs February 27, 1961 I am personally familiar with the three primitive areas in Idaho and I appreciate wilderness areas, However, I also realize that virtually the entire economy of the State of Idaho is derived from natural resources, An area comprising 4,687 square miles, which is approximately four times as large as the State of Rhode Island, would be withdrawn from development of mining in Idaho if 6, 174 becomes law, The whole nation is vitally concerned about natural resources since all our economy is fundamently based on natural resources, The passage of S. 174 would be detrimental to mining and it would damage the future economy of the State of Idaho, I have with me a true and complete transcript of House Joint Memorial No. 6. This Memorial is an expression from the people of the State of Idaho, in opposition to S, 174, and endorsing the doctrine of multiple use, With the Chairman's permission, I would like this Memorial to become part of the record, TO THE HONORABLE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED: We, your Memorialists, the Legislature of the State of Idaho, respectfully represent that: WHEREAS, the economy of the State of Idaho is based upon its agriculture, lumber, mining, sheep and cattle industries, and the use of its waters for irrigation and hydroelectric power; and WHEREAS, approximately two-thirds of the land area of the State of Idaho is Federally owned and contains approximately three million acres set aside for primitive and wilderness areas; and WHEREAS, these designations are restrictive to full utilization and deny to the natural resources industries of the State of Idaho the right to wisely develop the natural resources contained in these large primitive and wilderness areas of the State and further deny ready access to these areas to millions of American citizens, all to the detriment of said industries and to the people of the State of Idaho; and JAMES KEANE Address - Page 4 Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs February 27, 1961 WHEREAS, one of the great potential industries of the State of Idaho is its tourist trade and wild life attractions, NOW1 THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the House of Representatives, State of Idaho, the Senate concurring, that we are most respectfully opposed to the dedication of addit.i.onal lands as primitive or wilderness areas in the State of Idaho and respectfully request that all primitive and wilderness areas in the state of Idaho be reviewed and studied with the view of eliminating all lands which have a higher or greater multiple use potential than that of single use dedication as primitive or wilderness; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that we oppose Federal enactment of future wilderness legislation embodying the principle of locked-up areas for single purpose use which would deny to the natural resources industries the right to wisely develop such natural resources and would also be to the detriment of said industries and to the people of the State of Idaho; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the present agencies administering all Federal lands do so with the view of developing the full multiple use of the lands to further the general welfare and the economy of the State of Idaho, BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Secretary of State of the State of Idaho be authorized and he is hereby directed to immediately forward certified copies of this memorial to the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America, the Secretary of Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, and to the Senators and Representatives in congress from this state. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Secretary of State of the State of Idaho be authorized and he is hereby directed to immediately forward certified copies of this memorial to the Speaker of the House and to the President of the Senate of the following states: Washington, Oregon, California, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, North Dakota and South Dakota, and that these states are hereby urged to take similar action in their respective legislative bodies, S. 174--Wilderness Preservation NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION 1412 Sixteenth Street, N. W. Washington 6, D. C. STATEl\!IENT PRESENTED BEFORE THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS, 87th CONGRESS BY LOUIS S. CLAPPER, CHIEF, DIVISION OF CONSERVATION EDUCATION, NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION, FEB. 27-28, 1961 Mr. Chairman, the National Wildlife Federation is a private, non-profit conservation organization composed of 50 affiliates in 49 states and the District of Columbia. These affiliates are made up of more than 2, 000, 000 individual sportsmen-conservationists. The National Wildlife Federation long has endorsed the principle of wilderness preser-vation and we hope this Committee and the Congress will see fit to approve of S. 174. Proposals to create a National Wilderness Preservation System have undergone considerable refinement, largely through extensive work on the part of this Committee over a period of several years, and we believe it now is time to act. The National Wildlife Federation has endorsed in principle both the multiple use concept of management for national forests and the proposed establishment of a Wilderness Preservation System. As pointed out in the multiple use bill enacted into law last year, the concept of multiple use is not inconsistent with wilderness preservation. It is readily apparent that some individual areas, or portions of them, are not suited for all types of pu:rposes. It also follows, then, that decisions must be made to determine the optimum, or best, use of some particular areas. It is the belief of the National Wildlife Federation that the optimum use of appropriate areas of unique scenic, esthetic, scientific and educational value is as wilderness preserved and protected by procedures approved by the Congress. This would be accomplished by provisions of S. 174. Wilderness areas serve many purposes in addition to recreation or esthetic enjoyment. Primarily, of course, lands preserved as wilderness admirably protect watersheds and the important production of water. - 2 - We, Mr. Chairman, are particularly gratified that a number of the areas to be designated for inclusion in the system have special significance because they provide natural living areas for endangered and depleted wildlife populations. The grizzly bear, big horn sheep, mountain goat and whooping crane are among the larger forms of wildlife which benefit from wilderness environments. The grizzly bear, as one example of an endangered species that is restricted to wild and undeveloped areas, today may be found in the United States only within wilderness portions of national forests and parks. These and other wilderness lands, to be given protection under the bill, would serve as refuges or havens for depleted populations of wildlife, especially types which cannot co-exist with humans. Hunting, fishing, and other important recreational uses of designated areas of wilderness within national forests are consistent with multiple use provisions of S. 174. This is accomplished in such a way, we believe, as to not interfere or impair in any way the present jurisdictional pattern for management of fish and game resources by state wildlife agencies which historically have been charged with these responsibilities on national forests. As in the past, state agencies would continue to establish regulations for the management and protection of resident species of fish and wildlife. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service would continue to manage national wildlife refuges and ranges for their present purposes and this applies to lands which would be incorporated into the Wilderness System. In a similar manner, areas within the National Park System would continue to serve the same purposes as they now do, without change in the present administrative jurisdiction and practices of the National Park Service. National Parks and Monuments would continue to function as wildlife sanctuaries, meeting those recreational needs which they have satisfied historically. It may be emphasized, Mr. Chairman, that areas of wilderness given protection under provisions of S. 174 are of special interest to sportsmen and members of the public - 3 - who are outdoor-minded. Even though trips into wilderness are enjoyed only on occasion by the average sportsman or outdoor enthusiast, he usually is willing to invest much time and effort for the opportunity of making a trip into primitive country via foot, horseback or canoe. Hunters and fishermen in ever-increasing numbers are seeking recreation in areas of wilderness. We believe an important segment of the public wants these lands preserved for their use and enjoyment and for future generations. We also believe there is great value in having areas which are untouched available for scientific study and educational work. In summary, the National Wildlife Federation believes wilderness areas have always been a part of the American scene, a valued part of the nation's heritage. The comparatively few areas still remaining are worth preserving, especially to satisfy the increasing demands of a growing population. This can be accomplished best through orderly procedures, including Congressional review. We, therefore, express the hope that favorable consideration can be given to S. 174. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for the invitation and opportunity of expressing these views. STATEMENT OF EDI~ARD C. CRAFTS, ASSISTANT CHIEF, FOREST SERVICE, UNITED STATES DEPART~ffiNT OF AGRICULTURE, Oll S, 174, BEFORE TilE SENATE COM· MITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS ON FEBRUARY 27, 1961 MR. CHAIRMAN AND COMMITTEE MEMBERS: I am glad to speak briefly for the Department of Agriculture in sup• port of S. 174,· a bill to establish a National Wilderness Preservation Sys-tlllll. This is the third time that a representative of the Forest Service has appeared on behalf of the Department in support of wilderness legislation. s. 174 is a revision of the previous wilderness bills which were under consideration by your Committee in both the 85th and 86th Congresses. The recommendations we have made on the previous bills are substantially taken care of in s. 174. I shall not describe the provisions of s. 174, They are summarized as they affect the Department of Agriculture in our formal report. The Department recommends that the bill be enacted insofar as it affects Agriculture. No amendments are suggested, The Department's re-port describes the situation as to the establishment and administration of wilderness-type areas within the national forests, beginning in 1924, whe~ the first such area was established in the Gila National Forest in New Mexico, Since that time, the Department has steadfastly maintained its policy of administering selected areas of national-forest land for their wilderness values. We have always considered' this policy consistent with the principle of administering the national forests for multiple use and sustained yield. Until last year, there was no statutory recognition of this. But in the enactment of the Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act of June 12, 1960, which directed the Secretary of Agriculture to administer the n.ational forests for multiple use and. sustained yield, the Congress declared that "the establishment and maintenance of areas of wilderness are consistent with the purposes and provisions of this Act." The need for the management and protection of wilderness resources to provide for their use and enjoyment by present and future generations is fully recognized. We believe that enactment of s. 174 would be desirable resource legislation and in the national interest. Attached is a summary table of the number and acreage of wildernesstype areas in the national forests and a map which shows their location. I will not make a longer statement at this time because I think our favorable position is clear; the Committee bas the Department's formal report; and there are numerous other witnesses who wish to testify. I shall, however, be glad to try to answer any questions that you may have. - 2 - Wild-erne- ss NET ACREAGE OF NATIONAL-FOREST lULDERNESS-TYPE AREAS As of February 10, 1961 W.. ild Primitive . Canoe T--otal State :No.:Thousand Acres:No.:Thousand Acres No.:Thousand Acres:No. Thousand Acres No.:Thousand Acres Arizona 2 329 3 94 4 251 California 2 322 5 122 11 1,111 Colorado - - 4 207 7 592 Idaho - - - - 3 3,004 Minnesota - - - - - - Montana 1 950 1 28 c):J 943 Nevada - - 1 65 - - New Hampshire - - 1 5 - - New Mexico 2 604 3 75 23 335 North Carolina - - 1 8 - - Oregon 2 413 7 250 1 86 Utah - - - - 1 241 Washington 1 458 2 125 1 8ol Wyoming 4 1,812 - - 4 543 Total 4 4,888 28 979 _______ lfO 1(7,9071 ------ - ------ -- - - y Selvay-Bittcrroot P :i citivC> !Jea enumerated for Idaho; not for Montana,; g/ Blue-Ranee Primitiv~ Area e'L-·:,l·c.~-,1 for Arizona; not for New Mexico - - 9 674 - - 18 1,555 - - 11 799 - . - 3 - 3,004 1 887 1 887 - - a!t 1,921 - - 1 65 - - 1 5 - - 7?.; 1,014 - - 1 8 - - 10 749 - - 1 241 - - 4 1,384 - - 8 2,355 1 887 83 14,661 1----1 \ i . \ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE NEW HAMPSHIRE (l -~·D WILDERNESS -TYPE AREAS IN THE NATIONAL FORESTS (WILDERNESS, WILD, PRIMITIVE, AND ROADLESS AREAS) (, :r , 1961 0 • Areas over 100,000 acres • Areas under 100,000 acres (U I) =Established as wilderness areas under Deportment Regulation U-1 (U2) =Established as wild areas under Deportment Regulot1on U-2 D Notional Forests SCALE ·0 ) I Great Gulf l ! (U2) ( . 200 MILES . _) \._ - ___,. . -- - __ 0 n:lle Gorge ~cj/Lruz) ~ N.C. h.c:._ -- - ~ - " WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA _, ___ ------- Bob Marshall (UI) 0 ~--1\ I \.. \ I \ I < MINN. I I I L __ D I / "'\ f \-. ~ __ \ j l -- I I (""'\MONT. 1 ~:tVs-of..J!L"f::·J,flp"' I (;::> (U2) ~Anocdn(ia-Pmtl r \::) [) r--r-- '~':'"'#~' ... " 4 0 &1 ~ J ' 1), I b~ r-- , I Cloud Peak I IDAHO '-"~;· Nl:u: 1 - - ~~ ~: r vz .. '""'' "' tf ! 0 ~ -l J w~ J> ~ ~I u ' L[O -"'"'"" (j~r? KJ ~ <7 ISon Pedro( ;;o;f ~ ~.Pecos (UI) Sycomo~ARIZ_ <0' ~ 1\ Cooyoo I ~ L/ \> 1 N .U ~X. \ ?J~o \1~ , Ul While Mi n \ (U2) I I TABLE 1 FEDERAL OWNERSHIP OR MANAGEMENT OF LAND IN ELEVEN WESTERN STATES Managed by Federally Total Federally Per Cent Federal Govt. Per Cent Owned or Per Cent Land Owned Total Land Indian Tribal Total Land Managed Total Land Area LandY Area Lands Area Lands Area (M~s) (M Acres) (M Acres) (M Acres) ARIZONIA 72,688 32,396 44.6 19,383 26.7 51,779 71.3 CALIFORNIA 100,314 45,071 44.9 496 .5 45,567 45.4 COLORADO 66,510 24,156 36.3 746 1.1 24,902 37.4 IDARO 52,972 34,050 64.3 409 .8 34,459 65.1 MONTANA 93,362 27,815 29.8 1,557 1.7 29,372 31.5 NEVADA 70,265 60,726 86.4 1,062 1.5 61,788 87.9 NEW MEXICO 77,767 27,300 35.1 5,815 7·5 33,ll5 42.6 OREGON 61,642 31,580 51.2 1,208 2.0 32,788 53.2 UTAH 52,701 36,466 69.2 2,253 4.3 38,719 73·5 WASHINGTON 42,743 12,666 29.6 1,813 4.2 14,479 33.8 WYOMING 62,404 30,219 48.4 1, 753 2.8 31,972 51.2 - - -- - TOTAL 753,368 362,445 48.1 36,495 4.8 398,940 52.9 y Excludes Trust Properties - Indian Tribal Lands. Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1960. TABLE 2 NATIONAL FOREST RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS TO COUNTIES IN 11 WESTERN STATES FISCAL YEAR 1960 National Forest 25% Fund Total Recei:12ts Disbursed to States ARIZONA $ 2,245,735 $ 700,356 11 CALIFORNIA 23,203,580 5,800,895 COLORADO 1,567,860 391,965 IDAHO 7,628,592 1,907,148 MONTANA 5,167,296 1,291,824 NEVADA 238,660 59,665 NEW MEXICO 1,322,394 331,402 11 OREGON 50,516,828 12,629,207 UTAH 757,512 189,378 WASHINGTON 25,954,844 6,488,711 WYOMING 890,448 222,612 TOTAL $119,493,749 $30,013,163 11 Includes School Section Fund, Act of June 20, 1910 Source: U, S, Forest Service ARIZONA CALIFORNIA COLORADO IDAHO MONTANA NEVADA NEW MEXICO OREGON UTAH WASHINGTON WYOMING TOTAL TABLE 3 BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT RECEIPTS UNDER MINERAL LEASING ACT 1959 Total Share to Receipts State"}} $ 413,000 $ 154,875 7,552,000 2,832,000 9,690,000 3,633,750 296,000 111,000 4,694,000 1, 760,250 400,000 150,000 14,787,000 5,545,125 38,000 14,250 6,908,000 2,590,500 1,000 375 32,015,000 12,005,625 $76,794,000 $28,797,750 Share to Reclamation Fund"}} $ 216,825 3,964,800 5,087,250 155,400 2,464,350 210,000 7,763,175 19,950 3,626,700 525 16,807,875 $40,316,850 !/ Receipts under the Mineral Leasing Act are distributed 37~ per cent to states, 52~ per cent to Reclamation Fund and 10 per cent to U. S. Treasury. Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1960. TABLE 4 PROJECTION OF POPULATION OF ELEVEN WESTERN STATES (Thousands ) 1970 Per Cent Increase 1960 y Projection Y 1960 to 1970 ARIZONA 1,302 1,802 38.4 CALIFORNIA 15,717 20,296 29.1 COLORADO 1, 754 2,197 25 ·3 IDAHO 667 700 4.9 MONTANA 675 755 11.9 NEVADA 285 453 58.9 NEW MEXICO 951 ~,126 18.4 ~ OREGON 1,769 2,317 31.0 UTAH 891 1,151 29.2 WASHINGTON 2,853 3,459 21.2 WYOMING 330 379 14.8 - TOTAL 27,194 34,653 27.4 Y Source: 1960 Census of Population - Final Population Counts, November 15, 1960 Bureau of Census. Y Source: Current Population Reports - Population Estimates, August 9, 1957. Series P-25, No. 160, Bureau of Census. ARIZONA CALIFORNIA COLORADO IDAHO MONTANA NEVADA NEW MEXICO OREGON UTAH WASHINGTON WYOMING TOTAL TABLE 5 PROPORTION OF FEDERAL LANDS IN 11 WESTERN STATES WHICH WOULD BE RESERVED FOR SINGLE PURPOSE USE BY S.174 Federally Federally Owned Land Per Cent Committed Owned Committed by S.174 to Land 1[ to Single PurEose Use ~/ Single PurEose Use (Acres) (Acres) 32,396,000 3,752,927 11,6 45,071 ,ooo 5,792,274 12.9 24,156,000 1 ,329,125 5.5 34,050,000 3,129,916 9.2 27,815,000 4,196,007 15.1 60,726,000 3,287,909 5.4 27,300,000 1,389,837 5.1 31,580,000 1,355,163 4.3 36,466,000 630,866 1.7 12,666,000 2,615,390 20.6 30,219,000 4,770,652 .1.2.& 362,445,000 32,250,066 8.9 1) Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1960. 2/ Sources: U. s. Forest Service, U. S, Park Service and U. S, Fish - & Wildlife Service. Includes Wilderness, Wild and Primitive Areas in National Forests; National Parks and Monuments; and Federal Wildlife Refuges. TABLE 6 VALUE OF FARM, MINE AND FOREST PRODUCTS OF ll WESTERN STATES 1958 Estimated Value All Value All Mineral Value All Forest Farm Products Sold Production .!) Products '9' ARIZONA $ 440,700,000 $ 314,520,000 $ 55,000,000 CALIFORNIA 2,852,800,000 1,502,660,000 890,000,000 COLORADO 589,000,000 305,284,000 35,000,000 IDAHO 414,100,000 64,456,000 21o,ooo,ooo MONTANA 453,800,000 177,240,000 125,000,000 NEVADA 53,300,000 68,293,000 10,000,000 NEW MEXICO 238,6oo,ooo 558,866,000 30,000,000 OREGON 407,000,000 45 '053, 000 1,100,000,000 UTAH 166,900,000 365,960,000 10,000,000 WASHINGTON 579,600,000 60,897,000 820,000,000 WYOMING 173,600,000 369,938,000 15,000,000 TOTAL $6,369,400,000 $3,833,167,000 $3,300,000,000 .!) Including oil and gas. gj Industrial Forestry Association. Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1960. / R.. ~ ,J~ DRAFT OF STATEMENT ON WILDERNESS BILL AMENDMENTS /}J'r. ·~ .,. ., (WH/h MR, PRESIDENT: Again this year, the Senate Interior Committee has held hearings on the proposed Wilderness Bill. The measure now ~ilf$ ~cad" IS ~ :S•1.,;F'"'''o~h-; before the Committee, s. 174, Mflu'u enwend: e moel:!f!oa M f) A., f I '-d. u c. a.~ ; c ti) 0 F wi••• we legislation which has heretofore been proposed on this subject. I believe, however, that further amendments to the bill are advisable, and it is my purpose today to introduce for printing and reference to the Committee three amendments which seem to me necessary if wilderness legisla-tion is to deal I •••u rr ll realistically with the problems ~ .. LJO of" II!!' 1h h1 and of other western states, where~~ of public domain are proposed for inclusion in the wilderness system, Before discussing these specific amendments, I wish to make some general comments on the basic concept of wil-derness legislation, I think there is general agreement that some form of wilderness preservation legislation will otJc.. yr.,,.,A.... ~oeo~ 1 be enacted --if not this year, then pPo~a~ly ••n- JlaP; P£~~4?$ if not by this Congress, then~by the next, There is, however, great concern in my state about proposals to lock up in a wilderness system some three million acres of public land 'Aldelz ie presently classified as "prim! ti ve are*" -1- 0 This concern is certainly understandable; When it is noted that three of our most basic industrie~grazing, minin~and lumbering~epend, for their continued vitality, a ~f1 ~'\<.. l::>"'~loL•<.. t~"~ 14 '"'• 1\'-SC .. tl.tll.S~~ ~ pr · a:)~ a upon the wise use of theApvNhar nun? ··is i* a 1 I • ~ewed from the ~pective of the western states, wilderness legislation is desirable ~n *! t't'an; ~ only on the condition~ that it does not 1J R'UFE!1I!ll!!!'! 15 .. unwisely stifle these basic prosperity and economic growth industrie~upon which the 6 L( c. s +-....+ ..,_~ ofAs sba~e and region depend. It should be noted in this connection, that under present law, 11primitive areas11 can be designated as11wildernessll by a purely administ~ative decision. The Forest Service has recently concluded a series of hearings in l4.:-,~te on a proposal to do precisely this in the Selway-Bitterroot region. One virtue of the ~lderness id11 is that it would require a review by the Congress of all proposals to add new h owt." t.lt. lands to the wilderness system. There are ambiguitie~lin ) those provisiems of the bill_.:l S:IS 1 n i which establish "'hc.u .. procedures for Congressional review. And it is to these, ,., f"4.d: J that the amendments I am proposing will be,.-±n pwW, directed. FIRST AMENDMENT: As presently drafted, s. 174 would incorporate into the wilderness system all of those areas within the national forests now classified as II I -primitive~ .o..~c.-.s, The bill would require an administrative review of these -2- @ lands, followedJwithin fifteen yearsJby a Pre..s idential recommendation as to whether n :~t they should be permanently retained within the wilderness system. Provision is made for the Congress to disapprove any such Presidential recommendation. The bill~~J:;:;I:;L!O:~~'~owever, esastlg l.La ... u. c: ... e..'-'. ~~~t.. 1'111\ +\,..e. ~' Li.d~~~ ~'1":?..-k--.. <.<h..a \tJA:&t statps ttond 1 and§ Pi 3 7 be us 1 n the suert a Pres' 111 tblal _l.l~o~cl .:(.\ 'PIIL<I•.!c,.,l'~,t.L (",;.f.:.~>""Ar<t..o.\ \l.:e.-!- :,-,.l C.-.011441\.ololt~CI ~~C.Pol, 1 "~"1 -..~ \ ......., A~ It'"<-~'"'"'"(·~ reesanrtrtd ?ll is disapproved by the Congress ,a 1 l'lt4~ t.f-"..._ '\,. 1') I 1 • • ''I 'I' rl.~VIS•olll f"t. e..,..,-.«.f'l I)~,.. I.. ltt.-.tiC.I.!t ·~ L.~ ........... ~'" " In the course of the hearing~ recently concluded, 1P ~ 1 I askA~officials of the Forest Service to draft language ~ ~ ' which would spell out the Service's understanding and intent ~ • \~ ltc.spoo.l~- +-a 't 1.., o; ~"-1 ~ q"( with respect to this precise situation. ~The Forest Service ) j),N\<.o.l i A to t.y has submitted~anguage which would make it clear that the President may resubmit a recommendation within two years after it has been disapproved by the Congress, with appro-priate modifications. The amendment further specifies that land covered by any Presidential recommendation, which is '1 I WITb-t ~ 1'-"i"'"""'~5-•o:>.) •>I M:>.i'!"e4. f~.) disapproved by the Congress,~or again disapproved by the Congress after being resubmitted in moGified form, shall cease to be part of the ..\-\'\,~ Rc.J c ~t ~ u wilderness system 1 and shall hg si'Mi22ts bOla a: Dl'l.l~tJ .. /1. f aa aiaaw national forest land}(. It also specifies that any 1\ \ 1 AA.eA ~1 lands presently classified as primitive~although included in the wilderness system by the terms of the bill, will cease to be a part of it at the end of fifteen yearsJif a Presidential recommendation for permanent inclusion has not been submitted to the Congress within that t1me~ -~- <~ This amendment has, I think, two distinct advantages bR. .. ~c.~.C ~he.. over the present language of the bill. First, i t~ah enll!tNSiiB ·r:&.,f!'l··~ .... ~~~:~.olty, •,sd. L.;sc~ocet~·•&l • ''r>R;M'•t\~(,o A,"Coflgressional review 1'fl the process 'by which- areas'~ ~..\ '\ .-. .... be accorded permanent wilderness claSsification, since it is • to be presumed that the Congress, if ~~~ it disapproves a~resi-dential recommendation, will furnish guide lines to be used lrJ M.ot'f't •~(.. -1-~<e... f~<"flf>~" L by the President k~•Zl ill ill mod' ilh~ for resubmission :IMI., lJhe 8oug£Cb!. ~ . . h f'it I 111\.lhll-t.J A"Ut Second, this amendment will insure that no~~ will. become a permanent part of the wilderness system w•-1-1.#-..+ pfttofl. it Loll""' ~to)! A-rf~,..,.~l.., <> f +~c. C:.1>.J, A. .. U' upt1, 1 t bps 81 Ill alsssifleel us ntleltea nes•s• k a tl &I 'lllre Ut~~ic..q,.i;i-,<- l~w'l t • ._.., ~h) d"''"\o~•'tc-l f.l.~ ''r~~+·h-~~ r:../~I!'Q. 11 ""~•<!.~ AM'U#._M~.JI:)Jz:uwu of s 'rntstzi!l!ll!et preeet!ft!I!!I!J'"'!ilM~·~u• ,q 11"111 HuHi I\ f;ll~\-'1 P~·-r,..~~~i ~'/ Co."'(J'~"''s, <!!!A .,.f""'t .,,1bl}dh.J. f'eiC. C,_..,.),~t:i>4<.'1iJI!(.. i!C.\IU.~ol.) 1.1.11-l-i-.,<J f\-..c.. lt.C..\11'<.,._. ~(A.; ~ .. I 'Vo'<( SECOND AMENDMENT: The second amendment deals with ol f..l the procedure by which ~ dential recommendation Congressional disapproval of a M•\c.,"' a. ~!~.IJ llr A.c.llr ~ PG-4~•11 for ,., ·~ ""' P !inwac.:sl• """~wilderness ,._..l be. ~~~~hAccL.. • systernt{Bt&hife td. As presently drafted, S. requires a concurrent resolution approved by both Houses of Congress in order to prevent a Presidential recommendation from taking effect. This represents, it seems to me, an 174 1AR'''1 es lliUl unwarranted curtailment of Congressional authority, b .. ·h, 1.\-.sc.llo "'F do,..r;.uu and eoriwal, In the usual situation, io11 Ill!! ';pn 'Ita ettubttant N\14.~t ttto>d.,.li, ,..., t.,,..,t,..,<.. Lc11sL.rl,',..., ~-v~.-~.~ -~::..,~..., ?f pnU'n le@lhl8Utlll) hal the GIIPiiJPUIJ fgllauad lis tlu .St~»c..._ ~. y +"' ... P~·• .;J <:.,ut; bq~··~<.. 4-h<.. st-.t«\.S. irs sf dept • & appr=u·•,.,te php&ie the status quo in any area ~ '"'"~ h-e:.. ~6-... ,(.ct. ~~ P.rJy e~w.tAo "'~~~:.r.,er- t-.- Nhg;pe ilt~~lll@!llll moo 11!!!!1!1 7 st1 u~:.c. This means, in net effect, t. .. ~~A.c~1'S•~'"'"'L :r··A•f4I1 ' <.t,' .J ~ _lJ._ 1 0 ., p.-· l- -'"I' z p- -':.; (.. p I -:..r '/' ,~, + ~ "-'"' ,J e.:. () "-+ ~ t.- '$ t .JA't. ~ ' t ,.rr. 'Jo." ,, \•\ ' ..l l.. @ lf\\c.. &f &e.t~~"t'"'\."" -~4,'""'L'Y that ei the~~House.can t:f'!'e u uel y' fetl-~gislati vl proposals. _...-4--.t~~'"' 'r It is apparent!J, however, that neither House, under&S• 174, 'VIlt.H' t" .. +."'"' ttt.l\.f"\ ....... .;\l.l' I\ ~~-l'"h~,\-t ,, ~f~<>>?•i to. I. .irf) A.,'-J..& NC.<.v "-·•-""d +o fhc.- couldAveto a e &RI!§01 'n the sta ' Q?iA (that 1 e 1 •n addition !* '1\,~ C..o"U.. be. Au.~ 1 .. f1.1,h,.,.\, llfZnii:v ~he wilderne.ss system\~ concurrent resolu- Lbo .~l..l.7 +h~4 I~) by ~e. <]""'D~,.\""f::" ~; .... ~ Of' ~oih, 1--\o .. l,.r'-, tion~ 1p tl 1 •• l!. mo&iib 'l'sl ;;tt!lill tht GiniPR!f &:78 I'H UFP 111 (7hv'f1•HL)'1 'tJyi l.'ll•f•~\.~J:t...,1.u ~hf ~!~1(1.n•"~•i r"""'41-..,. ao Ftee:l:d iacl at a tim ts an :;l ill s. My second i'klp.fortc.., 14/~LJ. ~..~+t't.c. +o C-Al.~ H.r.o,.,"'" M':.$ '"'k.~&.ei.. amendmen;~wow.l8 tl:lepefore prov1 de that a Presidential recom- ~. .. " ... mendation would not be effective if either House of Congress, by a simple resolution,expressed its disapproval within the time allowed. It is interesting to note that this amendment incorporates the President's own proposal for Congressional review and disapproval of farm programs, as outlined in his recent message to the Congress on this subject) A-.1! W~S -+ ~ -c. \) ·U. y f• AM ~t-1...,_. t. o a.)-{-.:~ ,.\e.l ·, ~ of\.. ot.. f ' y + l.\1 t l...4.t.,;t.,C.$.! ,b,L.L) lNt ,.;pt ....... -c.~ ~t..ll tiL. AI.. 'f.(! MI.~ A'l ~. THIRD AMENDMENT: The third amendment has to do •r' ,. <"' -' :r -",.' , ..... )" ;:· ""' "... .. -,!:' ..,..;;.' with the special problem of mineral exploration within .._~.j. .. ~.,~,.',t~,,c..L wilderness areas. The 'i1 , d bill prohibits any commercial activity within the wilderness system. Much of the land now I ,, classified as 1 primitive 1 b¢ Whi.oh \110".1.4 b&.t.nOOJ'f'Ol'lo''k•ll\ I=' c.~._ ;~c. e. ... 1.u..~• i."'"''- R&<~l &1.4)1 into the wilderness system) bendtm; aamtnis busbt o e n O!eoo h. has not been exposed to even the for mineral resources. -5- most rudimentary exploration t+ ,· ~ t lioL ..... (..' provide,~that the President (j) may grant special permits whenever, in his judgmentJthe c.;t\.1'1-. national interest will be served thereby, for~mineral exploration or for actual mining activities within the wilderness system. It closes the door, however, on the ?~~~~f±~"' f,~'- -Aft ted bt 1\Jc.c d..c .L kind/ of~e;ebl ble!l llld-reaid:' be requ!i'Etl to develop information on which the President could base a sound '1\-.d ... c.(l.& tlcfK'i.~ mAy e.l(.,·~t; ~..~~;+~,,·~ ~,.u .. ~"' .. "' judgment as to~wRs'kfuJP Minezal pi sapeetlng 01 mining ::salti Arc.~"'') -r. :r ... J..,'Ft r .. e+"""'- ~pt.. ..... t.IP"' -Lc~,~, +o ..wt .... o~~L.. seE oe blze uablonal iRl!!rest. , _ _ 1 rv._,·,,~~~" ~t;S!trl~~r wh(, 0 *'<- NA-+'""'"1.. ~~Rarl- ·!>•: R.r1"-.•u~, ) Testimony at the hearings developed a strong case for allowing geo:llogical mapping and certain kinds of mineral prospecting in wilderness areas, so that intelligent estimates could be made as to the likelihood of success>if defense re-quirements, or other overriding considerations, indicated the advisability of full-scale prospecting or mining. Accordingly, I have drafted an amendment designed w i+t..i~ +~c.. to permit those kinds of mineral prospecting, 'JIIh'61!:e!' er nob vl,llu.oJc.\" sys+~"") IIIIIIIIUPCh, ibn nat :, which would not, in fact, do violence to tho wlldo=~~~onp~O ::. .m f..~!-::;. * l 114 !tJI - •&1£; fk. p .. ___ ....... Ul? t ilaey us us 1 II liLII liM app±up! htciiiJ ••:Us± tm. 4w ... ,,, .:r; J. d.o ~ ;J ~· ·t~-'1--x ~ .. ~ a-., . .r.«_. • :::%... tt:;;x· ~ '1-t- ~ - -b._ ~t ~ J._ 1..-d.....::..,.. . ~ "1~ c.--........,.. . ..¢.........._:t:, w... , .e eiLQ ~ -t.;.. ~ ........ r".. ... ~ :5. ~~ llf t -u:_ ~·.__.~c..~ ~-~~,. -6-
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|Draft of Statement on Wilderness Bill Amendments
|Searchable Date
|Wilderness Bill; correspondence regarding effects of wilderness areas on industry.
|Subject (TGM I)
Legislative hearings
Land use
Public opinion
Conservation of natural resources
Wildlife conservation
|Location (TGN)
|Frank Church River of No Return (Idaho, United States : nature reserve)
|Location (TGN) ID
Sawtooth Wilderness
Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness.
Craters of the Moon National Wilderness Area
|Frank Church
|Frank Church Papers, MSS 56 Series 1.1 Box 151 Folder 17, Boise State University Special Collections and Archives.
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1. What~ the purpose of the b1ll? To establish a National Wilderness Preservation System
for the permanent good of the whole people, before our shrinking wildlands entirely disappear.
2. What may be included 0 the Wilderness System? The system would be limited to Federal
land already withdrawn for recreational use; made up from the following components.
(a) Areas in national forests classified as Wilderness, Wild, or Canoe, on effective date
of Act.
(b) Areas in national forests classified as Primitive, on effective date of Act.
(c) Areas in National Parks and Monuments, embracing at least 5, 000 acres without roads,
on effective date of Act.
(d) Selected portions ci wildlife refuges and game ranges established prior to effective date
of Act.
3. When and How would these ~become part of the Wilderness System? Each of the frur
categories listed above are treated separately under the bill. Thus:
(a) Wilderness, Wild,or Canoe areas would become part of the system upon enactment of
this bill.
(b) Primitive areas would be temporarily incorporated into the system upon enactment of
the bill. However, the Forest Service would review each of these areas, during the
10 years following enactment, to exclude any part found to be more suitable for lumbering
,mining ,or other commercial use. Those parts having predominant wilderness
values would then be recommended by the President to Cmgress for permanent retentim
in the system. Either the House or Senate could veto any such recommendation.
(c) Roadless areas within National Parks and Monuments will be incorporated into the
system, during the 10 years following enactment, as recommended by the President
to Congress, subject to veto by either House or Senate.
(d) Selected portions of wildlife refuges and game ranges will be incorporated into the
system, during the 10 years following enactment, as the President may recommend
to Congress, subject to the same Ccngressional veto.
Once the Wilderness System has been establiahed_as above prn,.ided, nn new additions =ay
be made to it, except by an affirmative Act of Cmgress.
4. What restrictions would ~ within the Wilderness System? Subject to existing rights,
there would be no commercial enterprise within the system, no roads, no buildings, and no
use of motor vehicles, motorboats, or aircraft. However, these restrictions are subject
to the following special exceptions:
(a) Aircraft and motorboats may continue to be used, wherever the practice has become
(b) Guides, with their pack strings, boats, and camping equipment, may continue to furnish
their services for recreational purposes.
(c) Within national forest and public domain areas included within the Wilderness System:
(1) The grazing of livestock shall continue, wherever well established.
(2) The President may authorize, within specific areas, prospecting, mining,
reservoirs, water conservation works, transmission lines, and such roads as
may be essential to develcp and use them, wherever he determines such use
will better serve the public interest than its denial.
5. What general exceptions ~made by the bill? The bill expressly allows for the following:
(a) Such n1easures may be taken within the wilderness system as may be necessary in
the control of fire, insects, and disease,
(b) The jurisdiction of the States with respect to fish and wildlife in the national forests
is left untouched by the bill.
(c) Within National Forests and ptblic domain areas in the Wilderness System, any
activity, including prospecting, for the purpose of gathering information about mineral
or water resources, will be lawful if carried on in a manner not inccrnpatible with the
preservation of the wilderness environment.
(d) Application of State water laws within the wilderness system are not affected by the
(e) The jurisdiction of the Federal Power Commission to license darn construction is not
affected by the bill.
Maximum possible inclusion would
be 3, 094,568 acres, which is 5. 7o/o
of Idaho's total area. Actual inelusion
would probably be less, fdlowing
review of Primitive areas to
exclude portions more suitable for
multiple use.
All areas affected by the Wilderness Bill have already been withdrawn
as Primitive Areas, National Monuments, or National Parks, As shown in the map
above they are:
1. Selway-Bitterroot Primitive Area (National Forest)(also in Montana) 1,581,210
2. Idaho Frimiti"Ve"-ATea (National Forest) . . . 1, 232,744
3. Sawtooth Primitive Area (National Forest) . • . . . . . • 200,942
4. Craters of the Moon National Mcnument. . . . . • • • . . 48, 184
5. Yellowstone National Park (also in Montana and Wyoming). 31 , 488
Total. • . 3, 094, 568
Passage of the Wilderness Bill would have no dislocating effect whatever
on Idaho's economy, since lumbering is presently prohibited, and no mines are operating
in any of the areas which could be included in the Wilderness System. Such
grazing as now occurs in these areas would not be affected by the bill.
1sT SESSION s. 174
JANUARY 5 (legislative day, JANUARY 4), 1961
Mr. ANDERSON (for himself, Mr. JACKSON, Mr. KucHEL, Mr. LAUSCHE, Mr.
HuMPHREY, Mrs. NEUBERGER, Mr. RANDOLPH, Mr. PROXMIRE, Mr. S


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Just in case the Los Alamos Hilltopper girls soccer team was asking itself exactly where it stacks up among the best in the country, it will get that question answered as thoroughly as is possible.
The Hilltoppers will host the No. 1 team in the United States Thursday night when it takes on the Strongsville, Ohio, Mustangs. The Mustangs, the defending Ohio state champions, will visit Sullivan Field at 6 p.m. Thursday.
Strongsville is an affluent suburb, about 10 miles southwest of Cleveland, and Strongsville High School is the most decorated public school girls soccer program in the history of Ohio, having won four state championships including the 2011 crown.
So far this season, Strongsville is a spotless 12-0 and has allowed just four goals, two of those coming in its most recent outing, a 3-2 win over Brecksville-Broadview Heights, Ohio, on Friday.
Los Alamos head coach Jiri Kubicek said the Mustangs called him over the offseason saying they were taking a swing through northern New Mexico and were looking for teams to play. The Hilltoppers and the Taos Tigers agreed to face off against the Mustangs – Taos plays Strongsville Saturday at Taos Eco Park.
The Mustangs go on annual trips as part of their "Mustangs National Tour," something they've been doing since 2005. In the eight years the Mustangs have been traveling the country, they've played in places such as San Francisco, Portland, Ore., Memphis, Tenn., and even Bangor, Maine.
This is Strongsville's second trip to a Four Corners state, having played at Salt Lake City and Park City, Utah, in 2010.
In 19 games it has played against teams across the country since 2005, Strongsville is 14-2-3.
The Mustangs have three players, Paige Amodio, Alexis Manoa and Melissa Shoff, that have verbally committed to playing college soccer in the fall of 2013 and three more, Kelly Novak, Nicolette Griesinger and Lizzie Ehrnfelt, who have committed to college squads for 2014 – five of those six commitments were to Division-I schools.
For the Hilltoppers, they are currently ranked No. 1 in Class 4A and No. 2 among all teams in New Mexico.
Los Alamos is 12-2 on the regular season and is playing as well as any team in the state, but suffered a blow Saturday when up-and-coming star Catie McDonald ran directly into a goalpost on a routine scoring chance. McDonald was groggy after the incident and had to be taken off Sullivan Field by ambulance.
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Lester hurls Sox to 6th straight winThe Sports Xchange
April 18. 2013 11:14PM
CLEVELAND - The streaking Boston Red Sox got yet another outstanding pitching performance plus some timely hitting as they completed a three-game sweep of the Cleveland Indians with a 6-3 victory on Thursday night for their sixth win in a row.
Left-hander Jon Lester pitched seven strong innings, holding Cleveland to two runs and four hits, to improve his record to 3-0.
Boston's starting pitchers have now allowed three runs or fewer in all 15 games they have played. That's the longest such streak by an American League team since the Oakland A's starting pitchers held opposing teams to three runs of fewer in their first 16 games in 1981.
As was the case in all three games of the series, Boston got contributions from several players in the lineup. Jacoby Ellsbury and Mike Napoli both had two hits, Jarrod Saltalamacchia belted a home run and Daniel Nava chipped in with two RBIs.
The Red Sox broke open a 3-2 game with a three-run seventh inning that featured a single by Ellsbury, an RBI single by Napoli, a sacrifice fly by Nava and a pinch-RBI single by Mike Carp, who was 4 for 5 in the series with a single, two doubles and a triple.
Cleveland cut Boston's 6-2 lead to 6-3 with an RBI double by Carlos Santana in the eighth, but with runners at second and third and two outs, reliever Koji Uehara struck out Nick Swisher to end that threat. Andrew Bailey pitched the ninth to pick up his second save.
With an assist from the wind, Boston scored first.
In the second, Napoli lifted a routine fly to medium right field, but a gust of wind almost propelled the ball out of the ballpark. It bounced off the right-field wall for a triple, Napoli's seventh triple in eight years in the majors. Nava's single drove in Napoli to give the Red Sox a 1-0 lead.
The Indians tied it in the bottom of the second when Mark Reynolds doubled, went to third on a flyout to right by Ryan Raburn and scored on a groundout to third by Mike Aviles.
The Red Sox took a 2-1 lead in the fourth when Saltalamacchia pounded a 3-and-2 pitch from Cleveland starter Zach McAllister over the wall in right for his third home run.
Dustin Pedroia's RBI single in the fifth extended the Boston lead to 3-1, but in the bottom of the fifth Aviles doubled and eventually scored on an infielder groundout by Drew Stubbs to make it 3-2.
No decision for Locke
Kennett of Conway's Jeff Locke allowed four runs and six hits in 4 2/3 inning, with four walks and three strikeouts, in the Pittsburgh Pirates' 6-4 home loss to the Atlanta Braves on Thursday night.
Locke was touched for homers by B.J. Upton, Chris Johnson and Justin Upton.
Braves rookie Evan Gattis clubbed a pinch-hit two-run homer in the eighth inning to provide the margin of victory. He drove a 2-0 pitch from Jared Hughes down the left field line to snap a 4-4 tie. It was Gattis' fifth homer of the season.


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The a-JAYS One Plus headphones are designed for Android smartphone users who want great sound quality as well as a built-in microphone with inline control. It's a set that's designed a little differently to the norm, using a flat, fettuccini-like cord instead of a rounded cord, and the headphones themselves are designed to be inserted in your ear canals to form a seal, but not too deeply so as to feel uncomfortable.
The plug on the a-JAYS One Plus is designed at a right angle, rather than being straight, and it's wide and can sometimes get in the way of buttons, depending on the way your phone is laid out. It's a 3.5mm plug with four contacts (TRRS, or tip, ring, ring, sleeve) rather than three contacts that a typical set of headphones has (TRS, or tip, ring, sleeve), which means that it won't work with any old MP3 player or audio device that doesn't support the fourth contact -- it will mainly only work with smartphones. The extra contact is what allows the headphones to send signals back to the smartphone.
A single-button control piece and microphone is mounted on the cord near the right headphone. If you're grooving along to some music and a call comes in, you can press this button to pause the music and answer it. Simply press it again to start the music when you're done. The quality of the microphone was really very good during our tests and we able to hear callers clearly on the other end. If you are out and about on a windy day though, you might have to turn mic away from the wind to get good results.
If you use the JAYS Headset app, you can use that single button to do more than just answer calls. With a range of single, double, triple and even quadruple clicks, as well as prolonged clicks, you can manipulate the volume or skip tracks. That's a lot of presses to have to remember, but you get used to its basic functionality in no time and it sure beats having a bulkier control piece with multiple buttons dangling from your ear. (Incidentally, this app doesn't allow you to skip tracks if you use the WinAmp app to listen to music, but it works fine with the built-in Android Music player.)
The single-button control piece, in addition to the relatively large, flat cable make the a-JAYS One Plus slightly heavy. The flat cable does have its advantages though; mainly, it didn't seem to get as tangled up as regular, rounded cables in our tests and it allowed us to wrap up the headphones a lot neater before putting them away. The cable is only slightly narrower than the earbuds that are attached to its ends.
To wear the headphones, you have to plug them in to your canals, but not very deeply. If you're the type who usually balks at plugging things into your ears because it feels uncomfortable, then you might want to give these a try because they are not all that intrusive. They ship with differently-sized sleeves that can match the size of your ear (from extra, extra small to large) and you don't have to make them fit tightly in order for them to work effectively. They are designed so that they will rest in place. However, they can get uncomfortable over time if the flat cable rubs against your skin.
Noise isolation is one of the benefits of this plug-in design and although this pair of headphones didn't block out as much sound as other headphones we've tested (such as JAYS' own t-JAYS One), we were still able to listen to music at a reasonable volume even while on noisy public transport. On the outside, there was no sound bleeding until we turned the volume way up on our HTC Rhyme test phone.
The sound quality of these headphones is excellent. Its 8.5mm speakers supply a deep bass response and are perfect for electronic and hip-hop music. In addition to booming bass, they also do a good job of highlighting intricate bass-lines, and you don't have to be listening at a loud volume to hear these. It's not just bass that's handled well though, as the headphones provide a vibrant overall sound that also reproduces mid- and high-range frequencies very well. If anything, they sound a little too bright at times and could use some more mid-range (something that an equaliser can fix). Overall though, we enjoyed listening through these headphones very much and found their quality to be comforting thanks to the good low-frequency response.
Our only quibble with these headphones is that the flat speaker cord tended to amplify vibrations from the cord itself. For example, when we bumped the cord while walking, that bump was clearly audible as the vibration travelled up through the cord. It wasn't annoying when the volume was loud, only when we listened at low volume. This is something that can happen with any headphones, but we noticed it a lot more with these.
For only £39.99, the a-JAYS One Plus headphones represent good value considering the sound quality and functionality they provide, and you can get more out of them if you use them with the free Android app.


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'The Kill Switch' combines thrills & adventure
May. 12, 2014
"The Kill Switch" (William Morrow), by James Rollins and Grant Blackwood
Former Army Ranger Tucker Wayne and his military working dog Kane were introduced in James Rollins' Sigma Force novel "Bloodline" and now star in their own series.
Rollins' best novels involve history and science with elements of adventure and thrills, and "The Kill Switch," with co-author Grant Blackwood, is no exception. The opening reads like a Clive Cussler novel on steroids, starting in 1900 South Africa with the Boers battling British troops, forcing the Boers to hide in caves. A discovery in those dark caverns will affect the present when a Russian scientist uncovers the truth.
The Sigma Force asks Tucker to get this scientist out of Russia. He is assured it will be a simple extraction, but there are ruthless individuals who want the scientist's discovery for themselves.
Rollins knows how to deliver a terrific page turner, and teaming up with Blackwood, co-author of novels with Clive Cussler and Tom Clancy, proves to be a success. The mix of Blackwood's military knowledge and Rollins' background as a veterinarian makes the narrative seem authentic.
While Tucker Wayne is a terrific character, the star of the novel is Kane, a Belgian Malinois and one of the best dogs in thriller literature.
"The Kill Switch" is the start of a new series, and the next book cannot come soon enough.


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Latest Grants
All organisations considering applying to VFFF are requested to read our guidelines and then contact us on (02) 9291 2727 before commencing an application.
VFFF considers requests in two areas:
VFFF has tried new ways of working through a number of strategic programs over the last six years.
We have learnt by investing our time and people as well as finances into this work – gaining insight from those working on the ground about how to better support community nous and need.


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Inspired by Lin Tianmiao: Works by New York City Students
Organized by Asia Society in collaboration with STUDIO IN A SCHOOL
Inspired by Lin Tianmiao is part of a series of exhibitions that presents the work of New York City students created in response to the great artistic traditions of Asia. This year the exhibition presents student artwork inspired by leading Chinese artist Lin Tianmiao. Students from four New York City elementary schools visited Asia Society in the fall of 2012 to view the exhibition Bound Unbound: Lin Tianmiao, which included her two-dimensional works and installations. With guidance from teachers and teaching artists, the students created new works of art based on their observations and reflections.
The students' works are displayed alongside illustrations of some of the pieces that motivated them. The elements that were attractive, engaging, and captivating in her works of art varied for each individual. What students chose to emphasize in their own works throws light on both the process of artistic creation and on their own cultures' personal histories. By displaying these fresh interpretations on traditional arts, we hope to encourage other young visitors to exercise their creativity.
Related link:
Photos: New York City School Kids Create Art 'Inspired by Lin Tianmiao'


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