text:
Clinical Mechanics and Kinesiology With Web Resource provides a
solid foundation so that students of physical therapy, occupational
therapy, and athletic training can understand biomechanics and
functional anatomy as they relate to both normal and abnormal movement.
* Free Bundled E-book *
If you are a member of the HK Rewards Program, when buying a new print edition of this book, you
will be granted the option for downloading the e-book edition at no additional charge. Learn more.
Primary text for students of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and
athletic training enrolled in graduate or professional programs;
reference for musculoskeletal rehabilitation specialists.
Janice K. Loudon, PT, PhD, ATC, is an associate professor in the
doctor of physical therapy division in the department of community and
family medicine at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. She has
more than 25 years of experience in clinical sports medicine and has
worked as a physical therapy instructor for over 20 years. Previously,
she was an associate professor and director of the doctorate of physical
therapy (DPT) program at the University of Kansas Medical Center in
Kansas City. In 2007, Loudon was named an Outstanding Physical Therapy
Faculty by the department of physical therapy education at the
University of Kansas Medical Center.
Loudon has published more than 25 articles in referred journals, written
4 book chapters, and coauthored two editions of The Clinical
Orthopedic Assessment Guide (Human Kinetics, 1998, 2008). She is a
frequent invited presenter at national, state, and local conferences and
is a member of the American Physical Therapy Association. She resides in
Durham, North Carolina. In her spare time she enjoys tennis, cycling,
and gardening.
Robert C. Manske, PT, DPT, MEd, SCS, ATC, CSCS, is an associate
professor of physical therapy at Wichita State University. He earned a
doctoral degree in physical therapy in 2006 from the MGH Institute of
Health Professions. Manske was also a sport physical therapy fellow
training under the guidance of George J. Davies in one of the first
sport physical therapy residency programs. As a practicing physical
therapist, Manske has over 18 years of clinical experience in orthopedic
rehabilitation and actively researches knee and shoulder rehabilitation
and sport performance enhancement.
Manske has published more than 30 articles in peer-reviewed journals,
edited 3 home study courses, coauthored 12 home study course chapters,
coauthored 30 book chapters, and authored or coauthored 5 books, all
related to orthopedic or sport rehabilitation. He is a board-certified
sport physical therapist, certified athletic trainer, and certified
strength and conditioning specialist. He is also a member of the
National Athletic Trainers' Association and the American Physical
Therapy Association, where he serves as vice president of the Sports
Section. Manske presents multiple weekend courses on various topics
concerning the shoulder and knee and remains active in clinical practice.
He also serves as an associate editor for the International Journal
of Sports Physical Therapy. He is a reviewer for several journals,
including American Journal of Sports Medicine, Journal of Sport
Rehabilitation, Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy,
Physical Therapy in Sports, Sports Health, Athletic Training and Sports
Health Care, and Physiotherapy Theory and Practice.
In 2007, Manske received the Sports Section Excellence in Education
Award from the American Physical Therapy Association. He also received
the Kansas Physical Therapy Educator award from the Kansas Physical
Therapy Association (2003) and the Rodenberg Teaching Award from the
College of Health Professions at Wichita State University (2004).
Manske and his wife, Julie, live in Wichita. He enjoys spending time
with his family, exercising, and watching collegiate and professional
Michael P. Reiman, PT, DPT, MEd, OCS, SCS, ATC, FAAOMPT, CSCS, is
an associate professor in the division of doctorate of physical therapy
in the department of community and family practice at Duke University
Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. He also serves as an adjunct
assistant professor in the department of physical therapy at Wichita
State University and clinical faculty in the Duke University Medical
Center manual therapy fellowship program.Reiman has published more than
30 articles in peer-reviewed journals as well as 9 book chapters and 3
home study courses. He coauthored one text, Functional Testing in
Human Performance (Human Kinetics, April 2009), with Robert C.
Manske. He has given numerous presentations at national, regional, and
local conferences.
Reiman is a member of the American Physical Therapy Association,
American Academy of Orthopedic and Manual Physical Therapy, Kansas
Physical Therapy Association, National Athletic Trainers' Association,
National Strength and Conditioning Association, and Alpha Eta Society.
He serves as an associate editor for the Journal of Physical Therapy
and is a member of the editorial boards for the International Journal
of Sports Physical Therapy and the Journal of Sport Rehabilitation.
He is a reviewer for several journals, including British Journal of
Sports Medicine, Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, Physiotherapy
Theory and Practice, Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, Journal of Manual
and Manipulative Therapy, Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical
Therapy, Clinical Anatomy, and Journal of Athletic Training.
Reiman is a level 1 track and field coach and a level 1 Olympic
weightlifting club coach. He also works as a strength and conditioning
specialist for women's volleyball at Friends University in Wichita,
Kansas, and for the men's and women's volleyball teams at Newman
University in Wichita.
Reiman resides in Hillsborough, North Carolina, where he enjoys spending
time with his family, hiking in the surrounding hills, and wakeboarding
with his children.
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text:
Man awarded $250K in sexual assault at medical centerBy MARK HAYWARD
New Hampshire Union Leader
December 19. 2013 10:48PM
A Hillsborough County jury has awarded $250,000 to a former Chesterfield teenager who claims he was sexually assaulted while on suicide watch at the Cheshire Medical Center in Keene, his lawyer said.
The award goes to Joshua Martin, who was 15 when attacked at the adolescent mental health ward of the Keene hospital, said his lawyer, Manchester lawyer Peter Hutchins. Martin testified he was raped by a 17-year-old who was put in his room with him that night.
The assailant was never criminally charged, and the civil trial pitted the word of Martin, who is now 21 and lives in North Carolina, against the 169-bed hospital, which is affiliated with the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Hutchins said.
Hutchins said his client would have been happy with $50 and just wanted to know someone believed him.
"I have never seen such a brutal closing argument in my life," Hutchins said. "To sit there for seven days and have the Dartmouth-Hitchcock empire call you a liar, and no good and (that you) made up sodomy — that's disgusting," Hutchins said.
In a statement released yesterday, Dartmouth-Hitchcock said it is disappointed with the verdict and will appeal.
Spokesman Rich Adams called Hutchins' attacks unnecessary. "Dartmouth-Hitchcock and Cheshire Medical Center defended the case because it believed, and continues to believe, that the alleged assault could not and did not occur and has every right to defend itself and its experienced employees when baseless allegations are made," Adams wrote in an email.
Crime, law and justice Courts General News Manchester Top Section Stories

subset: commoncrawl


text:
MOSCOW (AP) — Opposition leader Alexei Navalny swept up far more votes than expected Sunday while finishing second in Moscow's mayoral election, a pivotal contest that has energized Russia's small opposition in ways that could pose a risk to the Kremlin in the days and years ahead.
Even so, Navalny said he suspected that the vote count was inflated for the Kremlin-backed incumbent and he threatened to call his supporters out onto the street in protest on Monday if the concerns were not addressed.
Nearly complete results released early Monday showed Navalny with more than 27 percent of the vote, while incumbent Sergei Sobyanin held a clear lead with about 51 percent, just enough to avoid a runoff. Exit polls, however, predicted Navalny would get as much as 32 percent.
As the results began to trickle out only two hours after the polls closed, Navalny said he suspected the vote count was being manipulated.
"We don't recognize the results that are currently being announced, and I would like to say that we won't give up one vote that we received," Navalny told reporters at his campaign headquarters late Sunday. "I call on the Kremlin and the mayor's office to restrain themselves from falsifications."
The election was being watched for what it bodes for the future of the opposition and for Navalny. He faces time in prison after being convicted of embezzlement in a case seen as part of a Kremlin effort to sideline him, but his strong showing could lead to a shortening of his five-year sentence, if the Kremlin feels this would help defuse discontent.
Sobyanin needs more than 50 percent to win in the first round, but if he is seen as squeaking through unfairly because of vote-rigging, it could set off protests. It was reports of widespread fraud in a national parliamentary election in 2011 that triggered the unprecedented demonstrations against President Vladimir Putin's rule.
Navalny's campaign said its own exit polls showed Sobyanin below 50 percent. A separate vote count by observers also cast doubt on Sobyanin's clear majority.
Navalny said he suspected Sobyanin's results were boosted by falsifying the vote count of those who voted at home rather than at a polling station, a system designed to accommodate the elderly and disabled. He called for these votes to be annulled and for a second round to be held.
"If the mayor's office and Kremlin ignore the people's demands, then we will call everyone out onto the streets of the city," Navalny tweeted.
With ballots from about 90 percent of precincts counted, Sobyanin had about 51 percent and Navalny just over 27. The four other candidates trailed far behind.
Golos, Russia's leading independent election monitor, said the voting appeared to have gone smoothly, but there were fears that election officials would artificially increase the turnout to allow them to add votes for Sobyanin.
"This is the dilemma: Either they manipulate something somehow, but then they could be caught and won't be able to sleep soundly on Monday," Golos co-chairman Grigory Melkonyants said. "Or they could let it be a real election and allow a second round."
Unusually, election officials had not released a final turnout figure by early Monday. Two hours before the polls closed, turnout was registered at a low 26.5 percent.
Golos observers noted that voter rolls at some polling stations had been padded with people who no longer lived in the neighborhood. They also noted that many people coming to the polls who receive benefits or salaries from the state had been pressured to do so. One woman demanded a document stating that she had voted, supposedly as proof for the state hospital where she worked, the group said.
Anna Grishina, a retiree who came out of the polling station soon after Navalny, clutched her cane and said proudly that she'd voted for Sobyanin.
"I don't see them," she said, when asked about which changes Sobyanin had brought to the city. "But I hear about them on TV. He's opened new metro stations and redone the roads. I can't remember all of the things right now."
The elderly are Sobyanin's core constituency, while the young and middle class are more likely to oppose Putin and his team. Sobyanin was Putin's deputy from 2005 until he was appointed Moscow mayor in 2010.
"Sobyanin and Putin spend most of their time lining their own pockets," said Alexei Gorshkov, a 34-year-old employee in the IT sector who voted for Navalny. "It doesn't matter who you vote for today, as long as you vote against Sobyanin. If there's a run-off, Navalny will have a real chance."
Navalny first built his following online through his anti-corruption blog, but it was the protests of 2011 and 2012 that cemented his status as de facto leader of the opposition. He led street marches that attracted tens of thousands of people from across the political spectrum.
His mayoral candidacy inspired a grassroots campaign like nothing the city had ever seen before. About 20,000 volunteers hit the campaign trail for Navalny, passing out leaflets in the metro or hanging banners on balconies. Navalny held impromptu campaign rallies outside subway stations several times a day.
Sobyanin did not actively campaign, preferring instead to play the regal incumbent and let his work as mayor speak for itself.
Sunday's mayoral election was the first since 2003 and the first since the Kremlin last year reversed Putin's 2004 decree abolishing direct elections for the Moscow mayor and other regional leaders.
Since Putin returned to the presidency for a third term, the Kremlin has cracked down on the opposition and tried to stifle dissent.
Navalny was sentenced in July to five years in prison for embezzlement in a case that he and his supporters describe as legally dubious and punishment for his exposure of high-level corruption. He left the courtroom in handcuffs, but a day later in a surprise turnaround, prosecutors requested he be set free until his appeal could be heard.
Most have speculated that it was Sobyanin who had Navalny set free, in order to ensure that the election would look as fair as possible and legitimize the Kremlin candidate as a politician.


text:
For those that have not heard about the "Azure" platform, Windows Azure is a cloud based operating system that offers software as services - .NET Services, Live Services and SQL Azure.
SQL Azure, formerly SDS - SQL Data Services, is a cloud based version of on-premise SQL Server, albeit with a few limitations. The benefits are enterprise level availability, scalability and built-in disaster recovery.
Sign up for your copy of CTP1 of SQL Azure here: https://connect.microsoft.com/Survey/NominationSurvey.aspx?SurveyID=5719&ProgramID=2089&SiteID=547
MSDN Documentationon SQL Azure: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee336279.aspx
Zach Owens, who is a Microsoft Technical Evangelist has blogged about SQL Azure extensively. Check them out here: http://english.zachskylesowens.net/. He has also published a Windows Azure training kit with demo on SQL Azure. You can get that here: http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=413E88F8-5966-4A83-B309-53B7B77EDF78&displaylang=en
Feel free to post any questions you may have on SQL Azure and I will try to answer as best as I can.
posted @ Thursday, August 20, 2009 2:27 PM
SQL Team Forums..
© Dinakar Nethi
Theme by PiyoDesign. Valid XHTML & CSS.


text:
Reverse early signs of aging
Did you know a treatment a day could keep the facelift away? Sounds astonishing, but the truth is treatments when done regularly can reverse early signs of aging.
Today's professional services and take home treatments will maximize results. Less downtime, pain and cost are great reasons you should checkout these revolutionary treatments. Newly formulated products continue to produce fresh healthy age defying looks. And with regular use at home, your skin will be prepared for the next level of professional treatments.
If anti-aging and a flawless natural look is what you want this combination of home and professional care will do the trick. So double down and double up the benefits with your skincare professional today. It's time to focus on you and be the best version you in 2017.


text:
2011: annus horribilis for Microsoft and RIM
Google's year instead
It's hard to know who has had a worse 2011. Microsoft, because during the first ten months of the year, its old OS outsold its new one? Or RIM, because its market share has more than halved during the same period?
Both numbers, centred on the US smartphone biz, come from local market watcher NPD.
Its figures, for January through October, put Microsoft's market share at five per cent. That's two per cent for Windows Phone 7, but three per cent for Windows Mobile, an OS not update for several years, seen as well behind the curve and, more pertinently, the operating system WinPho 7 was intended to replace.
Still, it fared better than Symbian and Palm OS/WebOS, both of which took single percentage market shares, according to NPD - and we suspect both were rounded up.
Neither has had a significant share for years - since 2006 in the case of the Nokia-owned OS, and since 2008 for Palm devices. Now that HP was open-sourced WebOS, perhaps its fortunes will revive, but it's hard to see Symbian's US presence going anywhere but further down.
RIM is undoubtedly praying it won't follow Symbian. Its market share peaked in 2009, when RIM's BlackBerry took 44 per cent of the market. That share fell to 25 per cent in 2010 and, on the basis of what NPD's numbers show, it'll be down to ten per cent in 2011.
Of course, back in 2009 far fewer smartphones were sold than was the case in 2011, so RIM's decline is relative. But with world smartphone shipments up 74.4 per cent between 2009 and 2010, according to IDC, another market watcher, and likely to rise again between 2011 and 2010, the plunge doesn't look good for RIM.
Google and Apple, on the other hand, have every right to feel smug. Google's share has rising from nine per cent in 2009, to 42 per cent in 2010 and 53 per cent for 2011, based on NPD's ten-month figure.
iOS' dipped last year under the Android onslaught, slipping from 24 per cent in 2009 to 21 per cent. This year it's back up again, to 29 per cent.
That's OS, of course. The Google share can be divided among multiple vendors - there is only one supplier of iOS devices, so clearly Apple is the US' biggest smartphone vendor, for now. Samsung, for one, isn't far behind, and may yet eclipse Apple this year. ®


text:
First function is another function that works like applyrange. Now, I know that there have been made various in the past, including Phantasmagoriat's range, which I had been using up until now.
However, for 3 reasons I decided to write my own:
1) Phan's range does all the fade etc things, which are cool advanced features if you need them, but end up using some unnecessary memory if you don't.
2) The fixes it did for the checks weren't completely correct. It would change the values with all (which is the framecount) instead of all-1 (which is the actual number of the last frame in the stream, since the first frame is frame 0).
3) It didn't allow me to use -num_frames from trim if I wanted to, so it was completely impossible to actually filter only on frame 0 by just specifying startframe and endframe, which is how I can most easily automate it within YATTA's Custom Lists.
While if it was only for reason 2, I could have just easily updated his range function, reasons 1 and 3 lead me to the decision to just redo it from the beginning. The former, because I'd have to trash some neat things it does, which are helpful from time to time, but not in my daily usage. The latter, because I didn't have the effort to actually look into the code enough to see what I had to change without screwing up anything.
So well, here's the code:
Code: Select all
#strange v1.3 by mirkosp
#Yet Another function similar to ApplyRange in purpose that works somewhat differently.
#Start and end work exactly like first_frame and last_frame work with trim(), for the
#sake of consistency, which means that you can use end as if it was -num_frames too.
#ofps parameter tells whether to keep the original fps (true) or not (false).
#For reference: http://avisynth.org/mediawiki/Trim
function strange (clip c, int "start", int "end", clip "edit", bool "ofps") {
#This function only makes sense with filters that return clips to begin with, so no
#point in bothering with strings. It's both easier and better.
start = default(start,0)
end = default(end,0)
edit = default(edit,blankclip(c,length=c.framecount()))#everybody loves blankclip
amount = c.framecount()
ofps = default(ofps,false)
#Brainfarts check ahead.
start = (start < 0) ? 0 : start
end = (-end > amount-start) ? 0 : end
start = (start > amount) ? amount-1 : start
end = (end > amount-1) ? 0 : end
#Match framerate in case user's custom filtering would change it
c = !ofps ? c.assumefps(edit) : c
edit = ofps ? edit.assumefps(c) : edit
#I'm not a good programmer, so I'm not sure if this is slower than it could be.
(start == 0) ? ((end == 0) || (end == amount-1)) ? edit :\
(end < 0) ? edit.trim(0,end)+c.trim(start-end,0) :\
edit.trim(0,end)+c.trim(end+1,0) :\
(start == 1) ? ((end == 0) || (end == amount-1)) ? c.trim(0,-1)+edit.trim(start,0) :\
(end < 0) ? c.trim(0,-1)+edit.trim(start,end)+c.trim(start-end,0) :\
c.trim(0,-1)+edit.trim(start,end)+c.trim(end+1,0) :\
((end == 0) || (end == amount-1)) ? c.trim(0,start-1)+edit.trim(start,0) :\
(end < 0) ? c.trim(0,start-1)+edit.trim(start,end)+c.trim(start-end,0) :\
As you can see, you can just use it as
Code: Select all
strange(0,-1,subtitle("Hi I'm a string on just the first frame"))
I tried to check all odd cases that could throw trim off, and they worked fine. I might have still missed something, so do report bugs. The code should be legible and easy enough to understand, too.
Still, while you can use it on single filters, and that's fine if you only have a few instances in the script, if you need to use, say, nnedi3 on a couple hundred frames in different points, instead of having 200 strange(x,y,nnedi3), I'd suggest you to save a clip at the beginning and then calling that, ie:
Code: Select all
nnedi3clip = nnedi3()
Since this will help memory usage.
With strange out of the way, the second filter I had the need to make is one that I called fadefix since I'm bad with names. I'm positive other people made something like this too, but this one I haven't been able to find anywhere, so it might be more useful than strange:
Code: Select all
#fadefix v1.1 by mirkosp
#changes a frame with an overlay of the prev and next frames
#weight of the next frame is controlled with fad
#omode is the mode parameter of overlay
function fadefix (clip c, float "fad", int "prev", int "next", string "omode") {
fad = default(fad, 0.5)
prev = default(prev, 1)
next = default(next, 1)
omode = default(omode, "Blend")
assert( (fad > 0.0 && fad < 1.0) , "fad must have a value between 0.0 and 1.0." )
fads = string(fad)
prevs = string(prev)
nexts = string(next)
scriptclip("""overlay(last.trim(current_frame-"""+prevs+""",current_frame-"""+prevs+"""),last.trim(current_frame+"""+nexts+""",current_frame+"""+nexts+"""),opacity = float("""+fads+"""),mode = """+CHR(34)+omode+CHR(34)+""" )""")
return last
The scriptclip is meant to be on a single line, if it splits, remember to have it pasted as a single line in the avsi. Also I apologize, this one doesn't have really have much checking, but I didn't feel like it was worth the effort.
Ok, now, let's explain why this filter has a reason to exist.
Since MPEG-2 is very bad with fades and high luma changes in general, it can often show fucked up frames during fades. While in some cases one could just keep a single field, in others, if one does not feel like photoshopping, nuke would be the only option. I made this filter because in certain occasions, without the need to do heavy photoshopping, one could restore such bad frames without nuking the frame, or at least not in their entirety, which ends up being a better solution for quality and detail.
This filter is meant to be used in tandem with an applyrange-like filter (such as strange). To further explain how it works, I'll show an example.
Let's say that your MPEG-2 animu has fade, and a frame during that fade looks really bad. Now, let's say that this frame is frame 9001, and that by overlaying frames 8999 and 9003 with the same weight, you could restore it. Here's how it would look in avisynth with the former filters:
Code: Select all
Now, fad, which is 0.5 here, is quite easy to understand. The higher it is, the higher the opacity of the "next" frame (the 9003 one here) is when overlayed on "prev". 0 means that only prev is shown, 1 shows only next, and then you have float inbetweens.
But as for the values of prev and next, it might not be entirely immediate. Since I can't come up with an explanation in words, I'll show it visually:
Code: Select all
prev next
8998 8999 9000 9001 9002 9003 9004
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
Hopefully this is clear. Now, only one parameter left, which is omode. It works the same way as overlay's mode parameter works, so I suggest you to check overlay's page on the avisynth's wiki if you don't know the modes available. This is hardly used in fades, however it does have a point with flashes and such.
An advanced use of fadefix combined with masks in lieu of just nuking a frame could have unexpectedly pleasant results without too much effort.
Using previous numbers, let's say that we have frame 9001, 8999 and 9003. As you can see, the object at the top rotates, so we can't just overlay, but aside from that, the image is static, so with a simple mask to nuke only where we can't overlay, we can do:
Code: Select all
Which isn't too bad compared to what we had before, at least in motion.
Since they don't seem to be buggy enough to be troublesome while being not unuseful enough to not be worth sharing, I decided that I should post them here. Try and see if you can get a use for them or something.


text:
Forbes wrote:Will that change the way you do anything on Transformers 4?
We're going to start off smaller. There's a brand new cast. To freshen the franchise we've redesigned everything from top to bottom. The history of the first three movies is still there, we start four years later and there's a reason why we're meeting a new cast.
Mark is really excited about it and it's a great redesign. I said that 3 [which grossed $1.1 billion] was going to be my last one. Paramount was letting me do Pain & Gain and the Transformers ride was opening at Universal and it was bittersweet to think of passing it off. I wanted to set it up on a really sure footing and to bring someone else in on that, it would have been overwhelming.
So is 4 a reboot?
No, that's wrong. We keep the Transformers the way they were, it's just four years later. There's a reason the Transformers are redesigned. We're trying to broaden the franchise and give it more places to go.
There is also a contest being run by Doritos where two commercials by amateur filmmakers previously chosen will run during the Super Bowl. The filmmaker with the highest ranking commercial according to the USA Today Ad Meter will get a job working with Bay on TF4.
Forbes wrote:Why did you agree to take part in the Doritos contest?
MICHAEL BAY: I got a call from my agent asking if I wanted to do this Doritos thing. It sounded like bullshit to me. I'd seen their commercials at the Super Bowl and I thought they were done by pros. When I found out they were amateurs, I thought it was a great way to help a young filmmaker break into the business.
What will the winner actually get to do on the Transformers 4 set?
Replace me as director. No, we'll see who the person is and depending on what he is interested in being, a producer or a director, we'll try to tailor the job. It's all hard work when you're working on a movie.


text: Save This Event For Later Annual RCDCU Bike-A-Thon for Prostate Cancer Somerset, NJ, Sat Sep 21, 2013 Who's Registered? | Contact Event | Event Website | Google Calendar Start line address: 55 Fuller St., Somerset, NJ 08873 Presented by RCDCU Credit Union This is a past event. If you wish to see the details for this event click, "Continue" below. If you are looking for a current event, please search the event calendar .


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text:
RAP/Mobile Browser
RAP on Mobile Device Browsers
With the increasing popularity of smartphones and tablet-PCs it's also important for RAP to support and adapt to these platforms. Since modern web-standards like HTML5 are supported by modern mobile devices, they offer a possible solution to write cross-platform applications. However, writing cross-platform conforming javascript and HTML is complicated and not very comfortable, especially for developers used to powerful IDEs and debugging-tools. RAP can offer a powerful solutions for such scenarios, allowing to write complex business-applications for modern mobile devices, provided a appropriately fast internet-connection is constantly available.
There is a common look and feel, as well as certain features, that most mobile applications have in common, even across different platforms. RAP should, within its capabilities, aim to conform to those. As of RAP 1.5, support and features for iOs is mostly solid, while Android still has some more severe issues. This is partially due to some bugs of its default browser that are hard to work around. Other devices have not been tested. Due to emerging alternatives, support for mobile platforms is currently not the main focus of RAP development.
An overview of mobile-related bugs can be found in bugzilla.


text:
This account of Kepler's mathematical astronomy may well challenge some cherished and long-held beliefs, since most of what has been written about Kepler has either been based on secondary or tertiary sources, or has concentrated on his astronomical background and techniques. But Kepler was a highly-talented geometer, and until now has there been no investigation of his work (derived from the original Latin) which has highlighted the mathematical aspect of his brilliance. While analysis of his success has led to some unexpected conclusions, the present overview has been endorsed in detail by articles published in learned historical journals. These are listed on the web site mentioned at the end; they also contain references to traditional accounts which are becoming superseded.
The greatest achievement of Kepler (1571-1630) was his discovery of the laws of planetary motion. There were such three laws, but here we shall deal only with the first two - those that govern the motion of an individual planet. These are found in Astronomia Nova (New Astronomy, 1609), underpinned by important work in Epitome (of Copernican Astronomy) Book V (1621). The laws are:
Kepler's principal aim was to find a solution that would satisfy observations - and in that respect he possessed the outlook of a modern scientist. Moreover, Renaissance scientists considered it their duty to reveal the way in which Nature worked by explaining the observed outcome by the simplest means available. Strongly influenced both by Plato and by his underlying belief in God, Kepler believed more intensely than his contemporaries in the power of mathematics to expose the order in the universe that lay behind apparent complication, and he applied this criterion of simplicity with great effect in his astronomy.
There is much additional information, both on the circumstances of Kepler's life, and the context in which he worked, in the MacTutor biography. This will provide useful background to the present detailed account of his astronomical work.
Kepler originally investigated the orbit of Mars because that was the task allocated to him by Tycho Brahe (1546-1601), when Kepler joined him in Prague around 1600. In their day - and indeed until comparatively recently - the aim of astronomers was to achieve accurate observations of angles, simply because no other feature could be measured directly. Tycho had amassed a vast store of observations extending over 30 years; these are probably the most accurate that would ever be made with the naked eye, since Galileo (1564-1642) had introduced the telescope into astronomy soon afterwards (in 1610). Tycho developed, refined and cross-checked his instruments and sometimes attained an accuracy of 2' (which is approximately the breadth of a hair held at arm's length).
It so happens that Mars is the only planet whose noncircularity can be detected without a telescope, and its observability was favoured by four factors:
Since Greek times, the accepted description of the planetary system had been a geometrical one, known as the Ptolemaic theory (a geocentric configuration), which supposed that the Earth was fixed at the centre of the universe, with the Moon, the Sun, and the five known (naked-eye) planets revolving round it. Geocentricity was obviously in accordance with the evidence of the senses - as well as being the only arrangement acceptable to the Church - by contrast with the heliocentric configuration, which was proposed by Copernicus (1473-1543). Kepler was introduced to Copernicanism as a student at the University of Tübingen by his teacher, Michael Maestlin (1550-1631). Though his contemporaries were in general slow to recognize any advantages in this new idea, Kepler adopted the Copernican theory enthusiastically, because of its greater simplicity - which allowed him to abandon the set of (five) large and cumbersome epicycles that occurred in the Ptolemaic theory (they accounted for what we now recognize as the actual motion of the Earth). In fact, Kepler gave Copernican theory a new, mathematical precision by specifying two fundamental tenets that were consistent with his conviction that the Sun was metaphorically the place of God:
In the earlier chapters of Astronomia Nova Kepler embarked on a programme of 'reducing the observations' (this term means removing, as far as possible, all effects due to the observer's position in time and space). He found the heavy calculations, and the necessary checking, 'mechanical and tedious', as he remarked later: he did not have the benefit of logarithms, which were not invented until 1614, by Napier (1550-1617). Kepler carried out the reduction to heliocentricity, and further simplifying procedures, in a series of steps:
In Kepler's day modern algebraic notation and techniques were just being developed, but for his approach to astronomy Kepler depended exclusively on the traditional geometry of Euclid in which he had been trained at the University of Tübingen, as part of the standard preparation for the ministry. (This was originally Kepler's intended profession, and all his life he remained a devout, though somewhat unorthodox, Lutheran). Euclid's Elements rigorously laid down (in the first three Postulates) that the only means of construction permitted were the straightedge (an unmarked ruler) and compasses. Thus, the distinguishing feature of the geometry of Elements was that it relied on straight lines and circles alone. These were then combined in one of Euclid's earliest propositions concerning circles, which stated in effect that where the diameter of a circle meets its circumference a right angle will occur. It is well-known that a pair of (mathematically-defined) directed quantities are mutually independent if and only if they are at right angles: using Euclid's term 'orthogonal' for mutually perpendicular (it was defined in Elements Book I), this will be named the Principle of Orthogonal Independence; it will, with hindsight, justify our separate treatment of the path and the time-measure. (Moreover, the same principle is invoked in relation to planetary motion when Kepler based his investigation on what Aristotle had specified as the only two simple motions, circular and rectilinear, discussed in Section 9.) This principle has far-reaching ramifications, as we will demonstrate in connection with the complementary pairings that recur in Kepler's mature work in Epitome Book V (1621) - where the term 'complementary' is used in the everyday sense that the pair complete one another, and also with the mathematical connotation of being at right angles. Application of the principle gives rise to an enormous leap in simplicity, since it is intuitively obvious that it will be easier to treat each one of a pair of components separately than to work with the resultant produced by taking them in combination. For Kepler, simplicity was the hallmark of his treatment, and contributed overwhelmingly to his success.
Kepler always showed the greatest respect for his Greek predecessors, and read their works thoroughly, selecting material that he could incorporate into his new astronomical synthesis. Apart from frequent application of the trigonometrical propositions of Ptolemy (fl. 129-141 AD), Kepler made use of precisely three propositions from the work of Archimedes; one of these was vital in supplying the geometrical backing for Section 6 (the other two - one cited in Section 7, one in Section 11 - were concerned with an innovative approach to 'infinitesimal' considerations which went well beyond traditional geometry). However, it will come as a surprise to some readers to find that Kepler did not rely on Apollonius anywhere in his astronomical work. Sometime in the years 1594-1604, Kepler studied the Conics of Apollonius, and expressed great admiration for it, citing it throughout his optical and stereometrical work - yet he never referred to any of its propositions in connection with his astronomy. This is because Conics is expressed in terms of an oblique (non-orthogonal) frame of reference (coordinate-system), which Kepler implicitly rejected as inappropriate for the study of astronomy (nor did he need any of its propositions, as we confirm in Section 6). Meanwhile we reiterate Kepler's belief that Euclid's Elements encapsulated the only geometry that could properly be applied to the heavens, which after all was the realm of God. He labelled any other treatment 'ageometrical' - which, in his mind, was akin to heretical.
In spite of his splendid inheritance from Tycho, Kepler knew that no amount of empirical observations, however numerous, could give him the theoretical structure he required. Therefore, when he had compensated for the observational uncertainties as far as possible, Kepler switched to a geometrical investigation - see Figure (1). He began by assuming a fixed/known line of apsides CD, on which lies the fixed point A (the position of the Sun) at a known 'eccentric' distance AB (all previously determined from Tycho's observations), where B is the midpoint of CD. (From now on, as a convenience, we shall use the algebraic notation BC = BD = a, AB = ae, even though it is an anachronism.)
Kepler started from the initial framework illustrated in Figure (1), which could be described as standard Ptolemaic, except that Kepler automatically transposed it from geocentric to heliocentric mode. He adopted the traditional mechanism of deferent, epicycle, and eccentric, being aware, as the Ancients had been, that motion in the circle of radius a centred on A, when combined with motion in the epicyclet of radius ZQ = AB = ae (whose centre Z lies on the deferent), together produce a motion of Q equivalent to a simple motion of Q round the eccentric circle centre B radius a. (Mathematicians may like to regard ABQZ as a 'parallelogram of circular motions'.) We shall specify the typical point of any of the three successive orbits proposed by Kepler just as he did - determined by the angle at the centre of the eccentric circle, which we shall denote by β for distinctiveness. (This usage was authenticated by tradition, since in ancient astronomy motions consisted of combinations of rotations which were measured by the angles at the centres of their respective circles.) Then we have corresponding angles from the parallels AZ and BQ, so that:
At the first stage Kepler took Q on the eccentric circle as the typical point and so he tested the eccentric itself as a proposed path. However, he found that this placed the planet too far from the Sun in almost all positions. So he finally rejected the idea that each planet moved in a single circle, and set out to find the actual curve that was the planet's path - naturally, this had to be constructed from a combination of (arcs of) circles by the geometry of Euclid, since Kepler recognized nothing else as appropriate for the heavens.
The typical points of the three successive proposed paths are all named, and the separate constructions shown, in Figure (2). It is evident that the structure needed to produce these points already, or potentially, exists in Figure (1) in terms of a chosen value QBC = β. This is significant because - as we will see in Section 7 - the time is also expressed in terms of β, so a common value of β ensures simultaneity. The three-stage procedure that Kepler adopted was to take geometrically-defined points (K', K'', K) along AZ, one at each stage in turn, then with centre A to draw the corresponding circular arc (radius AK', AK'', AK), so that each arc would end at a geometrically-defined point (Q, V, P) respectively. The stages are classified according to the chapters of Astronomia Nova in whch each construction appears:
So the resulting radius vector AP that finally satisfied Kepler (in Ch.58) was quantified geometrically from the constructed rectangle AKQR, by applying nothing more than a Euclidean - straightedge-and-compasses - construction, as shown in Figure (3):
[It is expressed in modern terms for reference in the Summary Table at the end: also see the article Planetary motion tackled kinematically.]
However, such a construction had never been invented before and Kepler did not have the slightest idea what curve the above relationship represented. However, he did know that if the curve were an ellipse, the typical point P would satisfy a vital condition that he had come across in the work of Archimedes: On Conoids and Spheroids Prop.4 (where it was stated as if well known even then):
The identification of the curve as an ellipse also depends on a relationship that Kepler established in Ch. 59, Prop. VII, which we express here in modern terms (writing BF = b to denote the minor semiaxis), recognizing that e will now represent the (focal) eccentricity:
In Astronomia Nova Ch. 59, Prop. XI, Kepler set out a rigorous geometrical proof that the typical point he had constructed satisfied the ratio-property which defines an ellipse. Hence, there can be no suggestion that Kepler merely selected an ellipse and checked it against observations (as many readers may have been told). Because of its importance the proof has been reproduced more than once [2]; though modernized in style, and reordered - to increase its impact - clearly it has not been altered in substance, since it relies on nothing more 'advanced' than Pythagoras' Theorem, and properties of similar triangles. Thus (apart from the use of definition (1) above) the proof is entirely based on cited or implied propositions from Euclid's Elements. Incidentally, this provides additional confirmation of my contention (in Section 5) that Kepler did not rely on the Conics of Apollonius for his discovery of the ellipse - in his astronomy he simply did not need anything so sophisticated.
Kepler set out a rigorous geometrical proof that the typical point he had constructed satisfied the ratio-property which defines an ellipse. Hence, there can be no suggestion that Kepler merely selected an ellipse and checked it against observations (as many readers may have been told). Because of its importance the proof has been reproduced several times [2]; though modernized in style, and reordered - to increase its impact - clearly it has not been altered in substance, since it relies on nothing more 'advanced' than Pythagoras' Theorem, and properties of similar triangles. Thus (apart from the use of relationship (1) above) the proof is entirely based on cited or implied propositions from Euclid's Elements. Incidentally, this provides additional confirmation of my contention (in Section 5) that Kepler did not rely on the Conics of Apollonius for his discovery of the ellipse - in his astronomy he simply did not need anything so sophisticated.
This investigation took place alongside, but independently of, the construction of the path of the planet. From a heliocentric point of view, it is especially easy to be aware that planets move more slowly the further they are from the Sun (and faster when nearer). Thus, as Kepler realized, a connection exists between a small (micro) interval of time and the corresponding distance of the planet from the Sun. Kepler's practical problem in Astronomia Nova, however, was to discover a way of measuring the time taken to reach the typical position (P) of the planet at an intermediate point of the orbit. Initially, he suggested that this (macro) time (the sum of the micro intervals of time) could be represented geometrically by the sum of all the corresponding distances from the Sun. In Ch.40, at the first of the three stages set out in Section 6, Kepler put this into practice, by citing Archimedes, Measurement of a Circle, Prop.3, to justify him in taking a sum of distances to be equivalent to the area of a sector of a circle.
Next, Kepler extended that proposition, and took the distance-sum from the eccentric point (A, the position of the Sun) to be (approximately) proportional to the area of the eccentric sector (the area QAC, shown in Figure (4)). Then he demonstrated geometrically how to find the area of such a sector (devising alternative ways of splitting up the area as he required them):
Using these two results, again from Figure (5), Kepler deduced:
[In modern algebraic terms it is easy to establish, from Figure (5), that:
The above relationship, expressing Time Area in its most precise formulation, is nowadays known as Law II. It appears for reference in the Summary Table at the end.
This is where the accounts of Kepler's work generally stop - but Kepler achieved much more. Firstly, between 1609 and 1618, he satisfied himself that the orbit of each of the six primary planets was an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. He went on to tackle the problem of the motions of planets, and their causes, in Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae. This consists of seven books, though only Book V (1621), supported in places by Book IV (1620), contains the really innovative work. Despite the title, it epitomizes Keplerian, rather than Copernican astronomy. And further confirmation of the motions is given in Harmonice Mundi (The Harmony of the World, 1618) Book V, Chapter 3, where there are some quantified references to a single planet, in addition to the main discussion which involves the planetary system. Unfortunately, Kepler's investigation of the motions was little appreciated by his contemporaries, and largely ignored subsequently. However, the overall success of his theory was confirmed in practice through the Rudolphine Tables (1627) - which, unlike other astronomical tables, remained observationally accurate and useful for many decades: see Kepler. These tables were calculated in terms of β, which can now be identified as the auxiliary angle of the ellipse. The mathematical treatment carried out in Planetary motion tackled kinematically demonstrates that this angle is the uniquely appropriate foundation for a structure which is simple because it depends on orthogonality and therefore is the only workable basis for Kepler's astronomy.
In De Caelo I, 3, Aristotle had declared that there were only two simple motions, circular and linear. Accordingly, on this authority, Kepler was able to match each one of the pair of results (the curve, and the independently-determined representation of time) that he had discovered in Astronomia Nova, to one of these mutually perpendicular components of motion. So this introduces another instance of the Principle of Orthogonal Independence (in fact dated earlier than Euclid). These components are listed in the Summary Table at the end for reference, and illustrated in Figure (6) by solid arrows:
Neither was Kepler's approach to the problem of causes of motion in any mathematical sense an anticipation of the work of Newton (despite the views of some previous commentators); it was, by contrast, governed by his background in the Aristotelian tradition. Though this Aristotelian 'physics' was becoming outdated even in Kepler's day, people still believed that an object would not move unless there was a 'force' or cause of motion to make it do so. Also, this 'force' had to act by contact; and, the object would then move only in the direction of the 'force', while the amount of 'force' was responsible for the amount of motion produced. Kepler could never have supposed that the Sun could exert an attractive force because that concept did not exist in Aristotelian terms.
We will deal first with the cause of the transradial motion because the revolution of the planets round the Sun is the most outstanding feature of a heliocentric universe, and requires a universal cause. Kepler accounted for that motion by inventing the rotation of the Sun on its axis. He suggested this a few years before the rotation was actually established, c.1610, from observations of sunspots by Galileo, Scheiner (a minor contemporary astronomer), and independently by Harriot (c.1560-1621). Thus, Kepler envisaged that the rays emitted by the rotating Sun would 'hit' or impel each planet continuously round in a circle. Naturally, he expected that this impulsion would be less when the planet was further from the Sun, so he reasonably supposed that the action of the rays would vary inverse-linearly (that is, weaken) with distance. Amazingly, the formulation of this cause then exactly agrees with the evaluation of the transradial motion set out in the Summary Table at the end, as is confirmed by the modern treatment in Planetary motion tackled kinematically.
To account for radial motion, Kepler obviously needed a cause that would be individual to each planet, because every planetary ellipse is a different shape. He selected magnetism, having come across a recently-published book, De Magnete (On the Magnet, 1600) by Gilbert (1544-1603), which stated that the Earth should be regarded as a giant magnet. Because of his Copernican convictions, Kepler extended this idea to suppose that every planet possessed magnetism, and contained a set of 'fibres' fixed within its body which could be activated by the Sun's magnetism; and he further supposed that each set of fibres possessed a unique potential magnetic 'strength' that could be associated with the individual eccentricity of the particular planetary path. Unfortunately the way this cause was supposed to function cannot be associated with action at a distance (because this was a nonAristotelian concept). Thus it is not correct - nor is it meaningful - to interpret Kepler's magnetism as a 'force', either in an Aristotelean or in a modern context. The radial motion itself was evaluated by taking a small variation (an increment) of the distance from the Sun with respect to a small change in the auxiliary angle: see Summary Table at the end, confirmed by the modern treatment in Planetary motion tackled kinematically. Ultimately the cause provided its own justification - because the radial motion it produced is sound in mathematical terms.
Kepler was the first to introduce the concept of causation into astronomy, and in accordance with his Copernican convictions, he naturally believed that the Sun was the generator of all causes. Moreover, it seemed common sense to suppose that the Sun could only act (or activate) continuously either in a radial direction or circularly round itself, and this consideration, for Kepler, determined the direction of the causes available and limited their number to two. Thus the causes (as well as the motions and the constituents of the orbit) were also subject to the operation of the Principle of Orthogonal Independence.
Hence, each of the pair of perpendicular component motions illustrated in Figure (6) can be matched to its own distinct cause, as indicated in the Summary Table at the end, in accordance with the Principle of Economy (another relic of Aristotle) - one cause per motion. We summarize Kepler's final suppositions:
Kepler was able to formulate a complete account of planetary motion using only elementary geometry, and accordingly we will highlight the two overriding reasons for his achievement, putting them in a historical context. They are both new to Keplerian analysis.
|Summary of Kepler's orthogonal astronomy (for a single planet)
|Associated with Law II
Transradial direction
|Associated with Law I
Radial direction
|Area Time
of orbit
|Ellipse path
|t β + e sinβ
(in terms of β)
|r = a(1 + e cosβ)
|δt/δβ r or δβ/δt 1/r
of motion
|δr/δβ = -ae sinβ
|Action circularly round Sun:
perpendicular to Sun's rays
of components
|Activation in direction of Sun, though
fibres are supposed fixed in direction
|'Impulsion' of Sun's rays 1/r
|[Strength of planet's fibres e]
Article by: A E L Davis, University College, London.
MacTutor History of Mathematics


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The Division of Student Affairs invites all commuter students to a commuter breakfast. The breakfasts provide an opportunity to alert commuter students of upcoming programs and events available to them and to connect with the students as well.
We will be serving a full breakfast menu, so don't miss out!
When: Monday, August 26, 2013
Time: 8:00 - 10:30 AM
Location: Broad Auditorium


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Back on March 16 I wrote here about "The Progressive Dilemma," by which I meant the liberals who were starting to wake up to the fact that the rapacity of public employee unions was threatening to undermine the welfare state itself by pillaging the funding for social service programs.
Today the indispensable Dan Henniger notes in his weekly "Wonderland" column in the Wall Street Journal more of this kind of thinking spreading to liberals even in San Francisco, even including the legendary Willie Brown. Dan quotes the lead public defender in Baghdad by the Sea, Jeff Adachi:
"I'm seen as a liberal progressive, a rage against the machine person," he said this past week at his offices downtown. "If you care about social programs or the network of support services, you have to understand that pensions and benefit costs are crowding out all these services."
Wonderland, indeed.
Speaking of the Wall Street Journal, keep your eye out on the editorial page tomorrow. One of Power Line's recent new contributors (hint, hint) will be making an appearance, smacking down Obama's no-energy speech from yesterday. Not that it needs more smacking down after John's post yesterday. But why take chances.


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The Mission Motors crew was out at Laguna Seca this past weekend with the Mission R electric superbike. Taking part in the Refuel Time Trial, Steve Rapp piloted the Mission R around the historic coastal Californian track, clocking in a top lap time of 1:43.700 according to the Mission stopwatches. With that pace, it would put the Mission R as backmarker in the AMA Supersport race at Laguna Seca last year, and about 15 seconds off Steve Rapp's own Daytona SportBike time at the same event.
While true sportbike parity isn't here yet, this is to only the second time that Mission Motors has had the Mission R on the track (Mission somehow sneaked the Mission R onto Thunderhill Raceway without our Bothans informing us), which makes the lap a pretty impressive starting point for the design. Check the video after the jump.


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The Black Heritage Parade will be make its sixth appearance this year, with parade officials expecting a large crowd of Morehouse Parish residents.
Parade co-coordinator Pamela Benton said last year's parade was a "huge success," with over 100 entries involved. She is hoping this year will be just as successful, with the theme "Unity in the Community."
"We've already got several entries signed up this year," she said. "There are several local churches and businesses that were in it last year and they're going to be in it again this year."
This year's Grand Marshals are school superintendent Dr. George Noflin Jr., Dr. Curtis Sanders and Denzell Devall, linebacker for the University of Alabama.
Benton said the reason behind this year's theme was to help Noflin in his campaign to bring the community closer.
"He's trying to reestablish a relationship between the schools and businesses," she said. "It's relationships like that that made the community what it is today."
The parade will begin at 10 a.m. on Jan. 26. It's route will be the same as previous years, starting at the old Wal Mart and ending at Baron Ballpark.
Entry fee is $25 and the deadline to sign up is Jan. 22. For more information, call Pamela Benton at 791.4312 or Tangela Green at 789.9399.


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[Look for the podcast play button below.]
This here is a SEX WISDOM podcast, don't cha know. The series where we chat with researchers, educators, clinicians, pundits and philosophers who are making news and reshaping how we look at our sexual selves. And today I have something astonishing for you. What if I told you I could introduce you to someone who, through his photography, chronicled our cultural history for the better part of last half-century and is still doing so today? And since a huge part of our cultural history is our sex history, he is the ideal guest for this series.
My guest is none other than Andrew Epstein, photographer, artist, illustrator, art director and cultural raconteur. He is here to chat with us about his life's work; the people he's known (and loved) who have changed the course of our society. Among them; Richard Schmiechen, Edmond White, Teri Garr, Roger Ebert, Ann Landers Bette Midler, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Robert Mapplethorpe, Mary Kay Place, Ann Bannon, Grace Jones, Margo St. James, Jeff Bridges, Fred Halstead, Tom of Finland, Leonard Matlovich and Peter Allen. This conversation is not to be missed!
Andrew and I discuss:
- Photographing history.
- Friends, Lovers and other Assignments.
- Being part of the era he captured.
- How his involvement with is subjects makes for a more intimate portrait.
- The Queer Culture Exhibit.
- Reclaiming queer history.
- Ann Bannon.
Andrew invites you to visit him on his main site HERE! Or on his blog HERE!
Click on the thumbnail images below to see a slideshow of some of Andrew's work.
Check out The Lick-A-Dee-Split Connection. That's Dr Dick's toll free podcast voicemail HOTLINE. Don't worry people; no one will personally answer the phone. Your message goes directly to voicemail.
Got a question or a comment? Wanna rant or rave? Or maybe you'd just like to talk dirty for a minute or two. Why not get it off your chest! Give Dr Dick a call at (866) 422-5680.
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Tipi, anyone?
Added Dec 10, 2009
by lizajane09
Upstate, South C...
So—- I want to start first by explaining that my husband actually sewed this tipi, not me. But, I felt I needed to show it off for him and also explain that this tipi is the whole reason I started sewing! About ten months ago, he showed up with an old sewing machine and tons of canvas drop cloths and told me that he was going to make a real tipi (said it had been his dream since he was little). I had told him before that I learned to sew when I was really young, so we sat down together and learned how to use the machine. It all came back to me! I decided to try a project myself and haven't put down the fabric since! He spent several months sewing (burned out the old sewing machine— got a new one) and we did lots of research about sewing as well. I was a consultant as well as the help when it came measuring the 30+ feet of canvas. The smoke flaps are working, so there could feasibly be a fire in the middle inside and we think it will sleep about 6-8 people. We haven't taken it camping yet. He just finished the liner also. He split two by fours in half and used a draw knife to make the poles. They are two 10ft pieces connected by a piece of pvc pipe. There are 17 poles in all and the diameter of the tipi is 16 ft. It was the cause of many a headache since it was being sewn in my living room for ten months, but I am so impressed with the finished product— and so proud of him for actually doing it!
Material Notes
Canvas, waterproofed
31 Comments Sign in to add a post
Sep 3, 2010, 02.54 PMby Linda Holley
I am late in makeing a statement here….but nice job on the tipi. As a tipi maker I can appreciate all the work that goes into makeing a lodge.
Linda Holley
Dec 14, 2009, 05.12 PMby kleinfee
unbelievable! So great!
Dec 14, 2009, 12.21 AMby marinaglory
No. Way. This is too cool for words!!!!
Dec 13, 2009, 09.38 AMby rubygloom
i am so jealous!
Dec 12, 2009, 03.57 PMby reliablechef
Dec 11, 2009, 10.28 PMby chelsesaurusrex
Yes, Tipi! This is weird: I just finished having a conversation with someone about how awesome it would be to make your own, but that it was probably too hard and not at all feasible. YOU JUST TOTALLY CHANGED MY MIND. Way to go – being able to sew your own shelter is quite a skill.
Dec 11, 2009, 10.22 PMby nicoya
So…when is the yurt pattern coming? Just kidding. Kudos for extending your sewing skills from clothing to shelter. It's a good reminder of what a fundamental skill it is.
Dec 11, 2009, 09.50 PMby susanne2011
Oh my god, what a big project! And it came out so beautiful and looks very 'sturdy'. Congratulations, this is very nice. I guess this could also be very cool in a kids size…
Dec 11, 2009, 09.08 PMby fatenriad
It's cool to have a childhood dream that you make it true at the end…. Happy for both of you! Congrats
Dec 11, 2009, 11.56 AMby badyan
I used to spend three weeks of every July in such a teepee… We made a fire in the middle and sang with guitar. Old scouting days :-) It is well done, congratulations!
Dec 11, 2009, 07.25 AMby Ruffles Gazebo
this is so amazing! i am very very jealous! one for me? :O
Dec 11, 2009, 07.24 AMby kdrodgers
Amazing…it looks so authentic. You would never know the difference! Great job!
Dec 11, 2009, 06.02 AMby galatina
This is absolutely incredible. You should both be so proud. Hope you get to use it loads.
Dec 11, 2009, 05.16 AMby smallone
OMG! this is soooo cool and sooooo amazing. I am in awe of you two to have the perseverance, skill and patience to make this….it rocks!!!!!!
Dec 11, 2009, 04.17 AMby charlierose
whoa! i want one
Dec 11, 2009, 02.17 AMby calicocouture
Wow! What an impressive first sewing project. It's amazing. =D
Dec 11, 2009, 01.56 AMby gillthecat
this is beyond great i used to drive past some hippies who lived in a camp of these in scotland and alway thought how cool they were,. what a mission, id love one in my garden,, i might just move into it, well done to u and husband
Dec 11, 2009, 12.20 AMby freakusbzzz
That's a tipi on steroids!
Wel done to you both. Can I have a husband like yours?
Dec 10, 2009, 10.22 PMby passthepins
Wow, this is incredible! I have always wanted to make a tipi but it seems like such a huge job. i have the greatest admiration for your husband and your commitment to the project. Did you need an industrial machine, or did you manage with a domestic and heavy needles?
Dec 10, 2009, 09.56 PMby flosiepoos
WOW!! That's impressive, I hope you have lots of fun camping in it, I am sure it will be really special!
Dec 10, 2009, 09.06 PMby babybearhugz
That's really cool. Good job to you both.
Dec 10, 2009, 08.38 PMby machelefranklin
Incredible ! I want one on my balcony !!
Dec 10, 2009, 08.26 PMby minnietheminks
That is so cool, I love how you are so proud too :)
Dec 10, 2009, 08.03 PMby ashchaser
This is BAD A**! I am proud of your husband, that is a huge project and I'm so glad you shared it on here!
Dec 10, 2009, 07.28 PMby twoboos
I WANT ONE!!!!! Seriously when we buy a house, the backyard will have to be big enough for one!!! Well done you two!!! AWESOME!!
Dec 10, 2009, 07.23 PMby sew-fabulous
this is incredible!
Is it easy to fold down to take camping??
This is so great, and I could never imagine 10 months sewing something so big! I am an instant gratification type of girl!
1 Reply
Dec 10, 2009, 10.11 PMby lizajane09
Thank you! He made the poles in 10ft. pieces so it's portable, although we'll need a truck I think to transport them. The canvas cover folds up and fits in a rubbermaid container.
Thanks for all the compliments, everyone!
Dec 10, 2009, 07.21 PMby kirsimarjukka
So cool! And a really cute story too :)
Dec 10, 2009, 06.51 PMby beebo1004
Incredible, I have tipi envy. Well done both of you for such hard work.
Dec 10, 2009, 06.08 PMby xnickerxje
That is seriously impressive.
Dec 10, 2009, 06.06 PMby kgallagher3
This is the coolest thing I have ever seen, I can't believe your husband made this, it is incredible. Did ya'll find instructions online or from a book or was this completely his design? I would love to make a smaller one for backyard "camping"
1 Reply
Dec 10, 2009, 10.09 PMby lizajane09
Thanks! The book he used was called The Indian Tipi by Reginald and Gladys Laubin. It had all the plans and patterns to make a historically accurate tipi, a 9ft one and 19ft. one (he "graded" that one to 16ft!) There is also a book, Tipis by Linda A. Holley that has really nice instructions for lots of different size tipis and explains how to sew strips of canvas together as you sew it so you're not pushing 30 ft. of canvas through your machine.
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Vacation signs. Travel symbols. Recreation icons. Tourism pictograms.
Attached ZIP folder contains set of 96 icons.
Each set available in six color variations
(orange, black, red, green, blue, gray):
• These are editable vector files.
• EPS vector file is saved in file format EPS v. 8. Scalable to any size
• AI (Illustrator CS4). Scalable to any size
• PSD (layered)
• JPG image has high resolution 3553×5000 pixels
• PNG transparent sized 3553×5000 pixels
• Available RGB color
In this set, I painted: Sun, flights, airliner, palm, hotel, credit card, gaming, dice, luggage, drink, hammock, bar, umbrella, pool, closed parking, restaurant, cafe, inclusive dinner, laptop, wi-fi, hotel room lux, Information, passport, attractions, tour, beer, bowling, bowling ball, car, casino, dessert, disco club, golf, golf ball, ice cream, playing cards, rest, skittles, sneakers, suitcase, taxi, tennis, tennis ball, tennis racket, train, train ticket, transport, volleyball, water chute, entertainment, water slide, water park, disabled, tourist bus, seagull, baby, butterfly, baby stroller, sandbox, kids shovel, pail, toys, lounge, parasol, starfish, poisonous jellyfish, ball, swimming mattress, airbed, beach, luggage space, camera, video, camcorder, antique column, cruise liner, tea cup, tickets, dolphin, life buoy, anchor, ship steering wheel, theatrical mask, theatre, water bottle, swimming, compass, sailfish, boat, backpack, suv, bike, shark, diving, flippers, aqualung, diving mask, navigator, trailer, caravan, inline skate, tent, marquee, roses, wedding cake, champagne, yacht, motorboat, shorts, baseball cap, sunglasses, bungalow, fishing, swimsuit, hat, thongs, sunscreen, honeymoon, wine, beach slippers, suntan cream, beach bag, double bed, bridal bouquet, clothing, fish, vector
Please don't forget to rate if you like it! Thank you


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NEW YORK (AP) — Delta Air Lines says Superstorm Sandy cut its revenue by $45 million last month as it was forced to cancel more than 3,500 flights.
That's only a fraction of the $8.4 billion in revenue it reported in last year's fourth-quarter. It won't report full results for the current quarter until January.
The Atlanta company, the world's second-largest airline after United, said its October profit was reduced by about $20 million. That's about 5 percent of the $425 million it earned in the fourth-quarter last year. While October tends to be a slow month for travel in general, but it's a busy month for lucrative business travelers, especially in and out of the New York area.
Delta Air Lines Inc. said that it is running a near-full schedule at New York's JFK in New York and Newark Liberty in New Jersey. But on Thursday it ran at only 80 percent at New York's LaGuardia airport, which sustained the heaviest flooding and damage.
Superstorm Sandy hit the New York area Monday night. As of Thursday, airlines had canceled more than 20,000 flights because of the storm.
Delta expects the storm will have less of an impact on its operations this month.
Overall, Delta said traffic last month rose just 0.3 percent, as a 1 percent decline in domestic traffic offset an improvement overseas.
It said per-passenger revenue rose 5.5 percent in October. And despite the impact of the Superstorm, Delta said it completed 98 percent of its flights and had an on-time rate of 85.5 percent.
Delta shares fell 12 cents $9.58 in morning trading Friday.


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Menomonie High School's all-time sack leader and two-time WFCA first team all-state outside linebacker James Gates has given a verbal commitment to attend North Dakota State University on a full scholarship. After receiving multiple scholarship offers from other schools, and a preferred walk-on invitation by the Wisconsin Badgers, Gates decided on the two-time division one FCS defending national champions.
Gates who broke his ankle at the end of the Mustangs season last fall and was unable to play in the playoffs says he's excited about the opportunity to play at the division one level. Gates recorded thirty sacks and scored three defensive touchdowns in his two year career blitzing off the edge as an outside linebacker and was an outstanding pass-catching tight end. James says that he admires the way Packers linebacker Clay Matthews plays and believes his style is similar.
"It's just that relentless, coming off the edge, hitting the first you see, reading and having to react so fast out there. Yet it's a position for me, more for my quickness, not really my size which is nice because when you get into the D1 level, they get a lot bigger and faster, says Gates. "That was a big part of my decision-making, is going to place where I can I win and get some attention. You know my last year here, not being able to play in the playoffs, go for that state championship, now I can go for a national championship so it's a whole other step so it's what I'll be striving to do the rest of my life."


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This tissue can be used in SO many ways . Under, over, crumpled, wrinkled, painted, stained, just with glue or any material which helps in stick. Use your die cut machine to make multiple copies of flower, stack them and puff them up.. Makes anything look more vintage. Along roll will last you quite awhile.
I am new to the hobby still haven't try the paper but I wanted to share with any of the newbies like me that this tissue paper is not like the napkin style as I thought.. i mean it is not as fragile and ready to tear apart and I love it for this!
The patern is wonderful and I can't wait to use it!
Tim Holtz always offers the best products. When I order an itme with his name on it I know I'll be getting the top quality. The District Market Collection - Idea-ology- Tissue Wrap Paper is no exception. It's exceptional beautiful! Plus you get a lot for your money!
I have been waiting to get this product for a while. My friend already had a package of this and I had to have it! Now I need to get creative and do some fun things with it. Another Great Tim Holtz design!
I love to mod podge and I also use lots of tissue type papers to make flowers, etc. This paper is amazing for all those things.. Perfect design and also weight.


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Dale Sveum is Losing Sleep Over Lineup Construction
There are folks who will tell you that lineup construction doesn't really matter – and they'll offer you advanced stats to prove it. I'm still a bit unsold in either direction (at bottom, I do agree with the idea that you want to bat your best hitters earlier in the order, as you want them getting the most at bats over the course of a season), but Chicago Cubs manager Dale Sveum isn't.
He's been going around and around in his head about just how to lay the Cubs' order out, even joking that he's lost more sleep about the lineup than anything else this Spring. A big part of the issue for Sveum is figuring out where guys are most comfortable, and most likely to perform well. From Paul Sullivan:
[I]n his first year as Cubs manager, Sveum admits he's losing sleep over where to put his own hitters in the batting order. Using statistical analysis helps give Sveum a picture of who hits best in what spots, but he also has to play amateur psychologist to learn where his players feel most comfortable in the lineup.
"A lot of guys, you can say 'OK, You're going to hit here,' and they're like, 'Oh, God, no, don't do that,' " Sveum said. "(The Brewers') Corey Hart was a little bit like that. Put him in the one or two hole, and he did unbelievable things. But if you put him in the fifth hole, he didn't really want any part of that.
"Guys are like that. And you try to find out, through conversation, 'Where do you seem to be most comfortable to where you can be most productive?' Unfortunately, we live in a little bit of a world like that. Guys have that idea that no matter where they hit, there's some significance behind it, instead of understanding that you're going to get pitched the same no matter if you hit leadoff or fifth.
You can appreciate Sveum's struggle, given his cast of regulars, none of whom clearly falls into a certain role. He's got a guy who kinda gets on base (David DeJesus), a guy who makes a ton of good contact (Starlin Castro), a few guys with huge power but huge strikeout rates (Ian Stewart, Alfonso Soriano, and Bryan LaHair), another guy who can get on base but catches (Geovany Soto), and another couple guys who make a lot of contact but without a lot of power or on-base ability (Marlon Byrd and Darwin Barney). It's just not easy putting together a lineup with that crew.
For that reason, I'm thinking we'll probably have to cut Sveum some slack on the lineup thing (if it matters at all) early in the year.


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I seen nights full of pain, days of the same.Lil Wayne
I know the night is not the same as the day: that all things are different, that the things of the night cannot be explained in the day, because they do not then exist, and the night can be a dreadful time for lonely people once their loneliness has started.Ernest Hemingway
Those who dream by day are cognizant of many things that escape those who dream only at night.Edgar Allan Poe
Vision without action is daydreaming and action without vision is a nightmare.Anon
As night is withdrawn From these sweet-springing meads and bursting boughs of May, Dream, while the innumerable choir of day Welcome the dawn.Robert Seymour Bridges
Love is a temporary madness, it erupts like volcanoes and then subsides. And when it subsides, you have to make a decision. You have to work out whether your roots have so entwined together that it is inconceivable that you should ever part. Because this is what love is. Love is not breathlessness, it is not excitement, it is not the promulgation of promises of eternal passion, it is not the desire to mate every second minute of the day, it is not lying awake at night imagining that he is kissing every cranny of your body. No, dont blush, I am telling you some truths. That is just being in love, which any fool can do. Love itself is what is left over when being in love has burned away, and this is both an art and a fortunate accident.Louis de Bernieres
Are ye too changed, ye hills? See, tis no foot of unfamiliar men> Tonight from Oxford up your pathway strays! Here came I often, often, in old days; Thyrsis and I; we still had Thyrsis then.Matthew Arnold
I waited day and night for the voice of God within me, to know what He had to say to me, to learn what I had to do. In this seclusion the earliest realisation, the first lesson came to me. I remembered then that a month or more before my arrest, a call had come to me to put aside all activity, to go in seclusion and to look into myself, so that I might enter into closer communion with Him. I was weak and could not accept the call. My work was very dear to me and in the pride of my heart I thought that unless I was there, it would suffer or even fail and cease; therefore I would not leave it. It seemed to me that He spoke to me again and said, "The bonds you had not the strength to break, I have broken for you, because it is not my will nor was it ever my intention that that should continue. I have had another thing for you to do and it is for that I have brought you here, to teach you what you could not learn for yourself and to train you for my work." Then He placed the Gita in my hands. His strength entered into me and I was able to do the sadhana of the Gita. I was not only to understand intellectually but to realise what Sri Krishna demanded of Arjuna and what He demands of those who aspire to do His work, to be free from repulsion and desire, to do work for Him without the demand for fruit, to renounce self-will and become a passive and faithful instrument in His hands, to have an equal heart for high and low, friend and opponent, success and failure, yet not to do His work negligently. I realised what the Hindu religion meant. We speak often of the Hindu religion, of the Sanatan Dharma, but few of us really know what that religion is. Other religions are preponderatingly religions of faith and profession, but the Sanatan Dharma is life itself; it is a thing that has not so much to be believed as lived. This is the Dharma that for the salvation of humanity was cherished in the seclusion of this peninsula from of old. It is to give this religion that India is rising. She does not rise as other countries do, for self or when she is strong, to trample on the weak. She is rising to shed the eternal light entrusted to her over the world. India has always existed for humanity and not for herself and it is for humanity and not for herself that she must be great.Sri Aurobindo
To be nobody but yourself in a world which is doing its best, night and day, to make you everybody else means to fight the hardest battle which any human being can fight; and never stop fighting.e.e. cummings
The night is a skin pulled over the head of day that the day may be in torment.Djuna Barnes
On life's journey faith is nourishment, virtuous deeds are a shelter, wisdom is the light by day and right mindfulness is the protection by night. If a man lives a pure life, nothing can destroy him.Buddha
After a hard day's of work,the night gives us an opportunity to take rest and relax. Thus, our batteries are re-charged and we are ready for the challenges of the next day.Sam Veda
On life's journey faith is nourishment, virtuous deeds are a shelter, wisdom is the light by day and right mindfulness is the protection by night. If a man lives a pure life, nothing can destroy him.Buddha
Every man has a right to a Saturday night bathLyndon B. Johnson


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