text:
By Tarek Amara
TUNIS (Reuters) - Tunisia's Islamist prime minister rejected calls for his resignation on Thursday after two days of violent protests against economic hardship, and he accused opposition parties of sowing disorder.
At least 200 people were injured when demonstrators demanding jobs clashed with police on Tuesday and Wednesday in Siliana, a city on the edge of the Sahara whose inhabitants have long complained of neglect.
Protesters and a prominent leftist politician called upon Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali to step down after the violence. A leading trade union had called for the protests.
"In democratic systems, we don't force down governments. I'm not going to resign or dissolve the government. It's parliament that has authority to do that," Jebali told a news conference.
"We know who is behind these events - the opposition parties," he said.
The state news agency said police had used tear gas to try to break up further demonstrations on Thursday.
The protests are the fiercest since hardline Salafi Islamists attacked the U.S. embassy in Tunis in September over an anti-Islam film made in California. That violence left four people dead.
The government led by the Islamist Ennahda party to which Jebali belongs has sought to revive the economy after a fall in trade with the crisis-hit euro zone.
Tension between secularists and Salafis over the direction of the North African state has also hit the economy, which has yet to recover from the instability that followed the toppling of autocratic leader Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali last year.
This week the government secured World Bank and African Development Bank loans of $1 billion to cover its 2013 expenditure, but said it could ask the International Monetary Fund for a $2.5 billion credit line for 2014 and beyond.
Jebali said the latest protests would discourage investors.
"The silence of media and the opposition over the violence against the state threatens our democratic experiment," he said. "Certain politicians who lost in the elections want violence and disorder."
Jebali has accused both Salafis and liberal elites of harming Tunisia's economy and image through their conflict with each other. Ennahda tries to present itself as a middle way between liberals and Salafis.
"We have rejected the violence of people who want to impose their way of life under the pretext of religion, and we refuse the violence of these people too," he said.
(Writing by Andrew Hammond; Editing by Tom Pfeiffer)


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This activity explores how ancient Sun observers made use of natural and built structures to mark solar alignments observed at different times of the year, particularly around the solstices and equinoxes. In Part 1, the teacher prepares a horizon... (View More) table that represents the Earth's horizon. In Part 2, students create functioning models of an existing ancient solar observatory or design their own observatory. In Part 3, students test their model using the horizon table and a flashlight as the Sun. The lesson includes discussion questions, background information about Maya astronomy, a checklist for science notebook write-ups, and a math extension activity that measures shadows. This activity is the seventh lesson in the Ancient Eyes Look to the Skies curriculum. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5 per group of students
Remote sensing detects both human and physical features by using seven distinct image elements: tone, shape, size, pattern, texture, shadow and association. Students are introduced to each of these elements individually through images, descriptions... (View More) and related questions. Then, by assimilating and applying their knowledge, they interpret the remotely sensed image of an unidentified location. The URL opens to the investigation directory, with links to teacher and student materials, lesson extensions, resources, teaching tips, and assessment strategies. This is Investigation 2 of three found in the Grades 5-8 Module 4 of Mission Geography. The Mission Geography curriculum integrates data and images from NASA missions with the National Geography Standards. Each of the three investigations in Module 4, while related, can be done independently. (View Less)
Materials Cost: 1 cent - $1 per group of students
This is a lesson about the important materials brought to Earth by carbonaceous chondrites. Learners will conduct experiments that simulate how the carbon material and water from carbonaceous chondrites may have helped early life on Earth, grow... (View More) yeast in mediums that represent carbonaceous chondrite material, and recognize that carbonaceous chondrite meteorites contain amino acids, the buildng blocks of life. Advanced preparation and procedural tips are included. This is lesson 12 of 19 in Exploring Meteorite Mysteries. (View Less)
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This is a lesson about discerning fact and fiction in news articles. Learners will read tabloid articles about meteorites and decide if the information is fact or fiction. Questions, extensions, and advanced preparation and procedural tips are... (View More) included. This is lesson 19 of 19 in Exploring Meteorite Mysteries. (View Less)
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Learners will read about large historical meteors and meteorites falls, discuss the effects on people, and compare their reactions with those in recorded history. Suggestions for student mapping and vocabulary words are included. This is lesson 15... (View More) of 19 in Exploring Meteorite Mysteries. (View Less)
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When you purchase a home or refinance a mortgage, the closing or settlement procedure can sometimes be a stress-inducing and costly process. You want the loan to close without problems, but what should you do when extra fees and hidden costs emerge at the closing table?
Continue Reading Below
Fortunately, you don't have to face sticker shock when you're signing on the dotted line for your next mortgage loan.
Tip 1: Recognize what's normal for your area and what's not
Many first-time homebuyers -- and even some repeat buyers -- are shocked to discover that closing costs can add a significant amount of money to their home loan. In fact, mortgage pros say closing costs typically average anywhere from 2% to about 4% of your mortgage.
But that's a general guideline; your actual closing costs can vary greatly on a number of factors, including your specific location.
"Closing costs really depend on what state you're in," says Jim Pendleton, a Long Island, N.Y.-based loan officer with Financial Services of America.
Pendleton, who writes mortgages in all 50 states, recently worked on a loan for a homeowner on the east end of Long Island, where borrowers are subjected to an additional 5% mortgage tax. "So their closing costs were closer to 9%," Pendleton says.
"But in some states, where there's a flat fee for title insurance, I can close a loan very, very cheaply -- down to about 1% of the mortgage," Pendleton adds.
Tip 2: Know the difference between junk fees and legitimate fees
Closing costs generally fall into four categories:
- Lender fees
- Title and third-party fees
- Escrow and interest fees
- Government fees
So how can you differentiate between legitimate fees and junk fees?
Government fees are non-negotiable, mandatory fees required by your state, county or local municipality. While you might not be happy paying these charges, they're all legitimate fees.
Escrow and interest fees are usually calculated based on loan size and a lender's preset loan guidelines. For example, many lenders may want you to escrow, or prepay, six months of property taxes, Pendleton says.
But in the past, it's typically been lender fees and third-party expenses that most homeowners grumbled about -- often because such costs could change between the time a borrower applied for and closed on a home loan.
Paying a lender's application fee is reasonable. But items classified as "review," "administrative," "processing," or "document prep" fees should be questioned. These are often inflated fees simply charged to pad a lender's profits.
Tip 3: Use your good faith estimate the right way
Mortgage lenders are required to give mortgage customers a good faith estimate (GFE) about fees and closing costs right up front, at the time of a loan application. And new laws now require a 72-hour waiting period before a lender can do anything, such as order an appraisal.
"It has to be accurate," Pendleton says of the GFE. "Nothing can be hidden anymore."
Still, some adjustments are allowed to be made. Attorney fees, for example, might increase if a borrower has unexpected or additional legal services.
If anything changes prior to closing, lenders must send updated disclosures and cannot close until three days afterward.
Even though the waiting period adds time to the loan process, obtaining an initial GFE from multiple mortgage lenders can help you comparison shop for the best mortgage rates.
Tip 4: Scrutinize your HUD-1 statement prior to closing
At closing, you will receive a HUD-1 statement itemizing all the costs connected with your home loan. This HUD-1 form will show costs you've already paid - such as appraisals or survey fees - as well as remaining expenses outstanding, like transfer taxes or a broker's commission.
The HUD-1, therefore, represents the final accounting of everything you or a seller pays in connection with the mortgage, including any seller credits if the transaction involves a home purchase.
Because of its importance, it vital to not rush through this phase. Carefully review your HUD-1 to make sure the fees reflected are accurate and consistent with what you've previously been told.
Tip: 5: Slow the process if necessary
For years, mortgage customers who wanted a preliminary copy of their HUD-1 statement had to request it at least 24 hours before closing. Now, new laws require that lenders automatically provide the HUD-1 to borrowers no later than 72 hours before the closing date.
This is your opportunity to review everything at your leisure, not in a rushed manner at the closing table. So if you spot typos, mistakes or extra charges, "you have the right to stop the clock and make sure everything is right," Pendleton says.
The original article can be found at HSH.com:5 tips for cutting costs at closing


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|October 3, 2011, 02:41 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: November 20, 2008
Posts: 10,644
Dan Wesson Revolvers - question
I recall that back in the late '70's to early '80's the Dan Wesson revolver with the interchangable barrels was considered to be a really nice revolver. Perhaps it still is, but it seems like you can find them pretty cheap, comparatively speaking.
What's the story with those older DW revolvers? Are they any good? or just "Fair" as far as quality goes?
|October 3, 2011, 02:55 PM
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Join Date: August 7, 2010
Location: Northern, UT
Posts: 1,162
They are very strong and accurate revolvers. My 15-2 VH dates from 1981. It was my silhouette gun when I was a teenager. It still works fine. I like the fact that many people have never seen one. I love the "what the heck is that" look people get when they see it (it's got the 8" barrel installed.) Well kept examples are a good buy considering what S&Ws and Colts go for. I've been thinking of hunting for one of the supermags. I think a .460 Rowland would be a hoot, though a .357 Supermag version wouldn't hurt my feelings either.
Initially, when my father bought it, it had really tight chambers and the cylinder alignment was not quite on. It was sent back and fixed by the company without drama. I still have the paperwork. It went back again in 89 for another cylinder alignment issue (many thousands of rounds later.) It's been fine since. So, quality issues did exist, but they were typically not the end of the world. Fit and finish is otherwise good. It's still a joy to shoot.
"At the core of liberalism is the spoiled child – miserable, as all spoiled children are, unsatisfied, demanding, ill-disciplined, despotic and useless. Liberalism is a philosophy of sniveling brats." — P.J. O'Rourke
Last edited by overkill0084; October 3, 2011 at 03:02 PM.
|October 3, 2011, 03:07 PM
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Join Date: July 3, 2011
Location: S.E. Texas Gulf Coast
Posts: 743
I bought my DW back in 1974 with the 6" barrel/.357 magnum. It is by far my most accurate pistol and due to its size/weight has very little recoil even with the stoutest of .357 magnum loads. Carry it as a concealed pistol? No, on my body frame it would be like trying to hide an elephant under my shirt!
|October 3, 2011, 03:11 PM
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Location: The shores of Lake Huron
Posts: 4,783
They had a much tighter than average cylinder to forcing cone fit, and thus yielded more energy through the barrel rather than out the sides. The barrel shrouds also locked the barrels in front and back, so barrel flex was kept at a minimum, which was generally the explanation for their better-than-most accuracy. I considered them among the finest revolvers available at the time, but rather out of reach for me in price. To me, they are still desireable, and I wouldn't turn one down if it presented itself to me at the right price, and I'm not even a revolver guy.
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|October 3, 2011, 04:48 PM
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Join Date: April 25, 2008
Posts: 279
They are being made again...
The new ones are selling for approx. $1000 and are the same as the originals. You'll find a lot of detractors but these are some of the finest, and definitely most accurate, double action revolvers ever made. The only revolvers that could compete with them in silhouette shooting was the near-custom (and much more expensive) Freedom Arms.
|October 3, 2011, 05:06 PM
Junior Member
Join Date: December 11, 2010
Location: Texas
Posts: 7
I have a Dan Wesson 15-2 .357 that I bought off my dad when I turned 21 for $350 (which is what he bought it for at a gun show) and I love the thing. It was originally the 6"V (not heavy) and I went ahead and bought a 4"V barrel assembly off gunbroker. All my gun buddies think it is the coolest thing ever to be able to interchange barrels like that and they love shooting it. It has an amazing SA pull and with a little home-grown gunsmithing the DA can be equally impressive. I think they are a great value and a hoot to shoot!
|October 3, 2011, 05:11 PM
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Join Date: September 13, 2005
Posts: 4,113
The Dan Wesson, like the Colt Trooper (Old Model) seems to have no "cachet" or mystique, but those who have them, keep them. I have both the Model 12 and the Model 15-barrels interchange, also grips, I think the lockwork is the same. Both are superbly accurate when I do my part.
The Dan Wesson revolver was actually designed by one Karl R. Lewis, who also designed the Colt Mark III action and the Browning Lever Rifle.
|October 3, 2011, 06:09 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: August 22, 2011
Location: McKinney, TX
Posts: 724
I've always wanted one since I became interested in firearms back about 1978... and I finally got one! I have a 2-barrel .357 on the way.
Actually, if you can find them in good condition, they go for some pretty big prices, especially some of the not-so-common ones (like .41MAG) or any of the SuperMags.
|October 3, 2011, 11:43 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: April 25, 2008
Posts: 279
Be careful of the .357 Maximum SuperMags. Some of these have been abused by well-meaning folks trying to get maximum velocity with lighter bullets. The rarest are the .360 Dan Wesson, .414 SuperMag and the .460 Rowland, but they didn't make many .22 Magnums or .32's (either H&R Mag or .32-20) either. The .44 Magnum can be rechambered to .45 Colt (a custom barrel will be required) and can easily handle the "Ruger only" loads.
|October 4, 2011, 12:41 AM
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Location: Too close to Houston
Posts: 4,196
You guys need to quick talking up the DW revolvers like that. You'll just drive up the prices for those of us that are still buying.
Wait until I go crazy and want to sell one, then talk them up all you like.
Proud member of the NRA and Texas State Rifle Association. Registered and active voter.
|October 4, 2011, 05:06 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: February 11, 2009
Posts: 321
Dan Wesson revolvers have to be the best deal in double action revolvers going. Most people know nothing about them so prices are still good however more people are learning of them and driving prices up. I'd rather have a Dan Wesson than any of the major name guns in double action revolvers. Not that the other brands are bad but I like the best accuracy possible.
These guns are also very strong and will handle heavy loads by the thousands and stay tight, they were designed for it. The action is very simple and if you're mechanically inclined at all you can work on it yourself. Slick up the action and put some Wolf springs in and you'll have a very nice trigger pull. Best knowledge base for these guns is: www.danwessonforum.com.
Portland, Or
|October 4, 2011, 05:53 AM
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Join Date: May 6, 2005
Location: North Chesterfield, Virginia
Posts: 4,481
I've owned two of their 22's over the years. They are about as accurate as you could expect a 22 revolver to be. I mean they shoot like a lazer. Great guns. About the only thing "bad" I can say about them is they are heavy, and have a long trigger reach in D/A. Don't forget their 22's are made on the same frame as their .357's and that is more the size of an "L" Smith & Wesson than a K frame.
I sold/traded mine both off. Nothing wrong with the guns at all, just my interests moved more toward Smith&Wesson revolvers.
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|October 4, 2011, 06:03 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: October 7, 2009
Posts: 995
DWs are great Revolvers...
with narrow customer demand.
The concept of barrel changing and or caliber conversions on just one frame is a good idea for those that are restricted by the State to owning one pistol only. The idea never really caught on in America. An example would be the .22RimFire conversion for the 1911 .45acp, or the .22 RimFire conversion for the AR-15s. Finding them rarely used, inexpensive and still in great condition is common at many gunshows.
If memory serves me correct, in the late 1970's a DW with 3 or 4 extra barrels along with the little tan suitcase with red cleaning rod, was more than twice the cost of a new Colt Python or wood cased S&W Model 27. H&K had a Walther PPk size pistol with conversions for .22LR. .25acp, .32acp, and .380acp., magazines were extra. Eeewww.
I worked a second job for about a year and had to settle for a 6'' blue Python and Walther .380 PPK. Darn if that H&K didn't come in a cool looking box.
|October 4, 2011, 07:00 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: June 1, 2009
Location: MN
Posts: 641
I have a .357 pistol pack, and a nice .22 stainless that both get shot a lot. They are probably my favorite out of all my handguns. I won't ever sell them.
|October 4, 2011, 08:56 AM
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Join Date: November 2, 2007
Location: Northern Orygun
Posts: 4,923
It seems to me the prices on used DW's has doubled in the past 4-5 years. The complete 15-2 pistol pac I bought for $400 is going for north of 1 grand now. I've sold two of my 15-2's, kept the pistol pac and have a Super Mag I'm keeping for a burial shroud. Check out the DW forum.
|October 4, 2011, 09:37 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: November 17, 2004
Location: NH, USA
Posts: 768
>>It seems to me the prices on used DW's has doubled in the past 4-5 years<<
Until it comes time to sell one...then expect to take a bath. (with a very few exceptions)
Liberals don't care what you do... as long as it's mandated.
|October 4, 2011, 12:29 PM
Join Date: February 14, 2008
Location: Salem, VA
Posts: 78
DW's a great revolvers and in my area somewhat difficult to find in calibers other than 357. Here is a picture of my 745 (45 Colt) with an non-fluted cylinder.
As other have suggested anyone interested in Dan Wesson's should come on over to the DWF for a visit.
|October 4, 2011, 01:43 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: September 14, 2010
Location: Concord, NH
Posts: 209
Dan Wessons
My first was a 4" satin chrome M-14. I carried it for a week and shot it and went back for a 4" satin chrome M-15-2. This before any of the Vs or VHs were on scene in the early 1970s. If memory serves I paid around $125 new for the 14 and around $150 new for the 15. They are the sweetest shooting revolvers I have with the arguable exception of my set of Colts, (An old Trooper .357 and an old Python, both 4 ".) The DWs have the shortest lock time I have seen personally. By the time I had broken in the M15-2 I had to use it on the job and it performed to spec for me.
'At the end of the fight is a tombstone white with the name of the late deceased...And the epitaph drear, "a fool lies here who tried to hustle the east."'
|October 5, 2011, 09:58 PM
Join Date: August 30, 2008
Location: Southern Indiana
Posts: 30
there is one for sale on indiana gun owners forum.
357 Mod 14 I think $550.
Google INGO
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|October 6, 2011, 06:41 AM
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Join Date: November 2, 2007
Location: Northern Orygun
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|October 6, 2011, 06:44 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: November 17, 2004
Location: NH, USA
Posts: 768
>>I put a 15-2 in 90% condition with a 2.5", 4" and 6" barrel on my local gun forum this summer and it sold in days for $500<<
With three barrels I would hope so. But a M14 for $550.00?? Somebody's dreaming.
Liberals don't care what you do... as long as it's mandated.
|October 7, 2011, 05:55 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: April 14, 2009
Location: Mobile, AL
Posts: 389
For all of you DW enthusiasts, I have a DW VH8, serial# IHMSA67.
I might be interested in selling it. I bought it new in the late 70's, early
80's. I think I still have the box it came in.
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|October 7, 2011, 09:01 PM
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Location: Houston, TX.
Posts: 439
|October 9, 2011, 03:15 AM
Join Date: December 24, 2009
Posts: 55
I enjoy my dw's. They are nicer than rugers but not as nice as smiths. I really like the supermag series and have 3 of them. Love the looks when i take out my 15-2 with a 15 inch barrel (also have the other 4 barrels for the pistol pack).
Here is my 445 supermag
375 supermag
357 supermag
And 22
|October 9, 2011, 05:36 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: February 11, 2009
Posts: 321
"Until it comes time to sell one...then expect to take a bath."
That's an interesting statement. I'd like to know where you found that info. I own several Dan Wessons and each one is worth significantly more than I paid for it, like anywhere from 50.00 to a 100.00+ each more depending on which gun. Dan Wesson revolvers are appreciating in value. You're more likely to make a profit when you sell a Dan Wesson than lose anything if you paid fair market value.
Portland, Or
Last edited by warnerwh; October 9, 2011 at 05:45 AM.
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Assessment and Management of Post-Stroke Spasticity With Botulinum Toxin-A
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01751373
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : December 18, 2012
Last Update Posted : May 20, 2015
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Within the first year after stroke, approximately 38% of stroke survivors experience an increased resistance to movement, also called spasticity. One type of treatment that is approved for stroke survivors in Canada that could reduce spasticity is the injection of Botulinum toxin (BTX) into the affected muscle. While BTX reduces spasticity, there is limited evidence to show that BTX administration leads to functional improvements. This may occur because the outcomes aren't sensitive enough to detect change, some people may have better responses to BTX, or because BTX hasn't been paired with the right exercises to improve function. The aims of this research are: i) to determine if there is a way of improving the markers that measure change in response to treatment; and ii) to identify the ideal type of exercise that should be paired with BTX to allow the drug to have it greatest effect.
There are two primary research questions: a) What are the measures that will indicate whether a person with post-stroke spasticity will benefit from BTX therapy? It is hypothesized that EMG latency and amplitude, for those who best respond to BTX, will differ from those who demonstrate a weaker response to BTX; b)What is the ideal training approach for improving muscle function in stroke survivors receiving BTX injections? It is hypothesized that a training protocol that focuses on optimizing specific muscle activation patterns will demonstrate better outcomes than a training program designed to improve function.
|Condition or disease
|Stroke Muscle Spasticity
|Behavioral: Optimal muscle activation therapy Behavioral: Standard Therapy
|Not Applicable
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|16 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Crossover Assignment
|Single (Investigator)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Novel Assessment and Treatment Approaches for Detecting and Facilitating Functional Improvements in Post-Stroke Spasticity With Botulinum Toxin-A
|Study Start Date :
|May 2011
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|November 2014
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|November 2014
Active Comparator: Standard Therapy
Coupling focal BoNT-A injections with a therapy program comprising of functional tasks.
Behavioral: Standard Therapy
Experimental: Optimal Muscle Activation Therapy
Coupling focal BoNT-A injections with a motor training program that focuses on developing and maintaining activation patterns in the muscle treated with BoNT-A.
Behavioral: Optimal muscle activation therapy
The proposed study uses a longitudinal, within-subject, pre/post intervention, cross-over design. All participants will complete each of 4 study phases (each 12 weeks long). These include: a) focal BTX injections in combination with either Standard Therapy or Optimal Muscle Activity Therapy; b) a three-month period where no treatment is given; c) focal BTX injections in combination either Standard Therapy or Optimal Muscle Activation Therapy; d) another three-month period where no treatment is given. The order of treatment phases will be counter-balanced across participants.
Other Names:
- Amplitude and timing of electromyographic signals (EMG) [ Time Frame: Baseline, Month 1, Month 2, Month 3, Month 6, Month 7, Month 8, Month 9, Month 12 ]Change in electrical activation patterns of the target muscle(s) (i.e. muscle receiving BTX injection) and the antagonist muscle.
- Motor Evoked Potential amplitude [ Time Frame: Baseline, Month 1, Month 2, Month 3, Month 6, Month 7, Month 8, Month 9, Month 12 ]To measure the change in cortical excitability associated with the intervention.
- Goal Attainment Scale [ Time Frame: Baseline, 6 Months ]Change in Goal Attainment Scale
- Modified Ashworth Scale [ Time Frame: Baseline, Month 1, Month 2, Month 3, Month 6, Month 7, Month 8, Month 9, Month 12 ]Change in Modified Ashworth Scale
- Modified Tardieu Scale [ Time Frame: Baseline, Month 1, Month 2, Month 3, Month 6, Month 7, Month 8, Month 9, Month 12 ]Change in Modified Tardieu Scale
- Frequency and amplitude of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity [ Time Frame: Baseline, Month 1, Month 2, Month 3, Month 6, Month 7, Month 8, Month 9, Month 12 ]Measurement of event-related cortical activity
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- >120 days post first ischemic stroke
- Unilateral spasticity (MAS ≥ 1) of the wrist or elbow
- >18 years of age
- Medical referral for focal BoNT-A injections
- Residual active control of the wrist or elbow
Exclusion Criteria:
- Underlying neuromuscular disorders (i.e. ALS, neuropathies, myasthenia gravis)
- Inability to provide informed consent or communicate in English
- Bilateral paresis/spasticity
- Contractures
- Prescribed anti-spastic medication
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01751373
|Canada, Ontario
|Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
|Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M4N 3M5
|Principal Investigator:
|George Mochizuki, PhD
|Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
|Responsible Party:
|Dr. George Mochizuki, Principal Investigator, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01751373 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|December 18, 2012 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|May 20, 2015
|Last Verified:
|May 2015
Keywords provided by Dr. George Mochizuki, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre:
Botulinum Toxin
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Muscle Spasticity
Cerebrovascular Disorders
Brain Diseases
Central Nervous System Diseases
Nervous System Diseases
Vascular Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases
Muscular Diseases
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Muscle Hypertonia
Neuromuscular Manifestations
Neurologic Manifestations
Signs and Symptoms
Botulinum Toxins
Botulinum Toxins, Type A
Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors
Membrane Transport Modulators
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Cholinergic Agents
Neurotransmitter Agents
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Neuromuscular Agents
Peripheral Nervous System Agents


text:
Students grow up technologically savvy
Speed of computer development, other equipment still amazing.
Computers are no big deal to Elizabeth Graham and her classmates at Gothenburg Public Schools.
They've grown up with them.
Because computers are second nature to fellow senior Dalton Johnston, he said he can do anything on them.
"They've been around forever," Johnston said.
Still, senior Jared Blauvelt said he's amazed at the speed and how much technology has evolved.
Because of their rapid evolution, Johnston said he thinks the computers at school are often slow.
"There's always some new technology to keep it going faster," he said.
As a recent buyer of a laptop computer, Johnston said it's amazing how quickly computers have changed from "something big and boxy to something slim and usable."
While Johnston said he thinks the technology provided by the district is below the bar compared to other schools, Graham and Blauvelt are satisfied for the most part.
"We're better than some schools but other schools are pretty equal to where we are," Graham said.
Blauvelt said he liked how different Internet sites become available for student research.
On her technology wish list, Graham lists school-provided laptop computers.
Johnston puts iPod Touches, with their Internet access, at the top of his list.
"It would be nice to be able to do your assignments on the go," he said. "You could be walking down the hall and think 'oh, I forgot to do that.'
"And just e-mail it to the teacher," Blauvelt said.
Blauvelt said he didn't see problems with students having iPod Touches and communicating with friends because "you can't text." Texting is typed words sent through a cell phone.
School policy states that students are not supposed to bring cell phones, iPods and related technological equipment to school.
Johnston said he didn't think iPods would be a problem at school because controls placed on the computer could block e-mails and inappropriate Internet sites.
As far as teachers being technologically savvy, Johnston said he thinks "they're getting the hang of it."
Blauvelt said younger teachers grew up with technology and know what to do.
"Some of the older teachers have problems figuring it out but they use students to help them achieve their accomplishments on computers," he explained.
Despite students growing up with technology, some things are still new and exciting to Graham like eBeam.
An eBeam is a wing-like device that is magnetized to classroom whiteboards and connected to a teacher's computer.
A dry erase marker, wrapped in an electronic marker sleeve, is used as a pen or computer mouse as a presenter writes, pulls in diagrams and more.
"It's like the teacher gets up on the board with you and writes with a mechanical pen," Graham said. "It's a little more interactive."
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Merle FoggMerle Fogg eased the control stick back in his little biplane. It rose from the ground and soared over the bay towards Fort Lauderdale beach. People near Las Olas Boulevard heard the engine chugging and looked up. They saw the sun sparking from the wings, marveled at the wonder of flight and the daring young man who braved the sky.
By 1928, Merle Fogg had become one of the best-known and best-liked residents in Fort Lauderdale. He was the operator of the city's first flying service. The rides he gave thrilled residents and gave them their first taste of flight. Time and time again he demonstrated the utility of his primitive craft by performing aerial surveys, taking photographs of the city, transporting passengers around the state and teaching residents to fly. Fogg was a visionary who believed in a bright future for aviation and although he would not live to see it happen; he would begin a series of events that would take aviation in Broward County from the era of the barnstormer into the jet age.
Fogg was born on May 26, 1898, in Enfield, Maine to Leslie and Alberta Fogg. He served in the Army during World War I, although he never saw combat. After he was discharged, he studied engineering and graduated from the University of Maine. But Fogg was smitten by aviation, an avocation not endorsed by his father. Leslie Fogg did everything he could to deter his son from becoming a pilot. In 1922, Merle traveled to Okeechobee, Florida. He reportedly told his parents that he merely wanted to winter in a warmer climate, but he was there to take flying lessons from Ralph De Vore of Clearwater. His parents were made aware of his activities when he shipped an aircraft engine back home.
Fogg's friends in Fort Lauderdale knew he could be counted on when there was trouble. After the devastation of the 1926 hurricane, he flew a hasty trip back from Maine and presented himself to the City Commission offering his services and his plane for whatever emergency service or relief work that might be needed. He told the Commission, "Gentlemen I can move anywhere, anytime. I will count it an honor for you to call on me." An aerial survey and photographs taken from his plane helped to detail the extent of the storm's damage.
Fogg wasn't the first aviator to fly from Fort Lauderdale. As early as February 13, 1920, a newspaper report told of preparations to open a landing field the following week in the northern part of the city. While he wasn't first, Fogg's name would become the one most remembered as Broward's pioneer aviator. One of his best friends and roommate was August Burghard, a reporter for the Fort Lauderdale Daily News. Later in life he would co-author "Checkered Sunshine," a history of the city. In it he wrote, "Fogg was locally loved as the operator of flying service, a unique vocation, and because he was a personable, outgoing young man. Among his exploits were the flying of the first airplane from Maine to Florida and setting down the first land plane on Andros Island and the island of New Providence (Nassau)."
What Burghard fails to mention is that the landing in the Bahamas was unplanned and nearly ended Fogg's life. A February 7, 1927, front page story in the Fort Lauderdale Daily News and Evening Sentinel relates that Fogg and his passenger R.G. Mills, made a forced landing, coming to a stop in the mud flats at Andros. Mills had enlisted Fogg's help in an aerial search for a missing barge that was owned by a company Mills represented.
Far at sea and with night fast approaching they made the decision to land on Andros and go back to Fort Lauderdale the next day. It did not go well. The nose of the plane flipped into the mud and for four days Mills and Fogg tried unsuccessfully to free it. With no provisions, they nearly starved, subsisting on a little water drained from the planes radiator, strained through their shirts. A sponge fisherman passing the island in a boat rescued them. The fisherman gave them water, food and helped right the plane. Fogg straightened the propeller and flew to Nassau for gas before heading back to Fort Lauderdale.
Fogg's aerial antics earned him a nearly legendary reputation. It was said that he once lassoed a deer from his plane, but how he did it was never explained. He used his biplane to flush birds in the Everglades and herd them to waiting hunters on the ground, and when his friend Burghard was sick, Fogg flew over the hotel where he was staying, cut the engine and yelled down to ask what he wanted to eat. Fogg landed, got his friends selection, and drove to the hotel to deliver the meal. His name was so tied to aviation, that any plane that flew over Fort Lauderdale usually produced the comment, "There goes Merle." When he wasn't flying, he drove around town in a top-down, Reo roadster with his puppy Collie, named, "Oscar" in the back. One resident remembered that children "worshiped" the young aviator.
By 1928, Fogg had a lot to look forward to. He owned land in Dade, Broward and Okeechobee counties. He had the tidy sum of $1,600 in the Broward Bank and Trust, and his reputation as a dashing, young aviator made him a sought after bachelor. (In a handwritten letter to a Miss Mildred Hyle in Gainesville Georgia, he quipped about the attention, "Ha! Ha! Almost had to spank another girl the other night. Guess had better get an assistant-too strenuous work for a slim joker.") Burghard was to be married in June and Fogg was to be the best man.
On May 1, 1928, Fogg made several flights, and in the afternoon flew A.W. Erkins to Miami to film a movie of the Shriners Parade. As they passed over Fort Lauderdale beach, bathers waved their towels, and Fogg raised an arm out of the cockpit and waved back. Erkins related that on the way to Miami the plane's engine sputtered but Fogg got it running again and they, "had a fine trip." Later in the day, two student pilots showed up at Fogg's hangar to use his Waco biplane for a trip to West Palm Beach. At first, Fogg declined an invitation to join them, but after getting a flying jacket for one of them, he impulsively jumped into the front cockpit with 22-year-old Thomas Lochrie. The other student, C.S. Nelson was in the rear cockpit, and would be at the controls during the flight. The trio lifted off the ground at 4:30 p.m., planning to be back in Fort Lauderdale a short time later.
As they approached the landing strip in West Palm, something went terribly wrong. The plane went into a spin and crashed in the Huffman orange grove about a hundred yards east of Military Trail. Nelson would survive his injuries, but Fogg and Lochrie were crushed by the plane's engine and died in a matter of hours after being rushed to Good Samaritan Hospital. Fort Lauderdale was stunned by the news. At just 29 years of age, a cherished friend and the man some called their "city's hero" was gone.
His body was returned to Fort Lauderdale's Griffith Funeral Home. Two thousand people from every walk of life passed by his casket. After the service, his body was taken to the Florida East Coast train station for a final trip back to Maine, where he was to be buried. Nearly 1,200 mourners joined in the procession. As the funeral cortege left the chapel, seven aviators flew overhead in their biplanes, dipped wings in a final salute, and showered the procession with hundreds of roses.
Three days after his death the Junior Chamber of Commerce discussed plans to redouble its efforts to establish an airport in Fort Lauderdale. Fogg had been a member of the Junior Chamber and was among those calling for a permanent airport to replace his make-shift field. A report on the meeting said, "No more fitting and lasting tribute could be paid Fogg than the creation of a local flying field, bearing his name."
On May 1, 1929 (exactly one year to the day after his death) 5,000 people attended the dedication of Merle L. Fogg Airport. It was located on the site of the Southside, municipal golf course which had closed in December 1928. Only a minimal amount of work was needed to convert it into an airport. Trees and bushes were cleared from the perimeter of the course, and its bunkers were leveled. Its unpaved runways were the former fairways, suitable for the planes of the day. It was hoped that Fogg airport would attract an airplane manufacturer to the city, but that never materialized. In the tough economic times of the 1930's, there was little flight activity, and the untended airfield grew high in weeds.
During World War II, Fogg Field, (as some called it) was acquired by the Federal Government and was greatly expanded as Naval Air Station, Fort Lauderdale. It was used to train aircrews in the Avenger torpedo bomber. After the war, it was acquired by Broward County and in 1953 Mackey Airlines began the first scheduled passenger flights. In 2003, 17 million passengers hurried through the airport first created to honor Merle Fogg. It is now known as Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport.
Back to TopLee WagenerAppointed by the Broward County Board of County Commissioners when Broward County took over the Airport from the U.S. Navy, Lee Wagener became the Airport's first general manager. He played a significant role in the growth and development of the Airport as well as the county. His "masterpiece" financial systems, as well as his ability to generate non-aviation income, helped guide Airport operations into its multi-million dollar future. Wagener served as a communications officer on an aircraft carrier in the Pacific Theater during World War II before joining the Airport.Red & Athley Gamber"Lt. Charles TaylorAn experienced Naval pilot with more than 2,500 flying hours, Taylor was the commander of the infamous Flight 19 that disappeared after takeoff from Naval Air Station Fort Lauderdale on Dec. 5, 1945, beginning one of the 20th century's most puzzling mysteries concerning the Bermuda Triangle. His flight team, consisting of five Avenger torpedo bombers and 14 crewmen, disappeared from radar and was never seen or heard from again. Lt. Taylor was an accomplished pilot and the recipient of such distinguished awards as the Presidential Unit Citation for service in World War II.Joe MackeyAn ex-barnstormer, Joe Mackey founded Fort Lauderdale's first airline - Mackey Airlines - and began air service between Florida and the islands of the Bahamas and the Caribbean in the 1950s. Mackey Airlines prospered and eventually merged with Eastern Airlines. Joe Mackey became a prominent Broward County politician.Len PoveyWhen Mackey Airlines began, Joe Mackey brought fellow friend and barnstormer Len Povey into his company as the executive vice president. Before his career with Mackey, Povey helped organize the Cuban Air Force. His illustrious career also included work as a test pilot, a CAA inspector, a Marine Corps Reserve pilot and vice president of the Embry-Riddle School of Aviation. After the Mackey-Eastern merger, Povey became vice president and general manager of Eastern Aviation Services and was eventually inducted into the OX5 Aviation Pioneers Hall of Fame.Pete GossThe original sales manager for Mackey Airlines, Pete Goss, benefited from the Mackey-Eastern merger as well, becoming Eastern's Director of Airport Services and eventually becoming responsible for all of Eastern's operations in Broward County. FLL became known as one of the best-operating stations in the Eastern system while Goss was at the helm. He retired in 1989.
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'Beneath the Roses' Luhring Augustine 531 West 24th Street, Chelsea Through June 18
The shabby, blue-tinted small-town America in Gregory Crewdson's big dour photographs evokes the movie "A Wonderful Life" without Clarence, the intervening angel. Jimmy Stewart's character has succeeded in killing himself, and the world is a desolate, unjust place, where everyone hits rock bottom by one route or another.
All Crewdson characters are shown in a state of shock and crisis, the point just beyond the point of no return. A small, bent man in a trench coat stands on a rain-soaked street in the middle of the night, staring at a closed liquor store as if it were a mirage. An older woman sits in a clean nightgown on the edge of her bed, having recently, it seems, dragged an uprooted rose bush through her house and wrangled it onto the pillows.
Mr. Crewdson's images compress the melodrama of an entire movie, or soap-opera season, into a single, elaborately constructed scene. They represent art imitating popular art, which means that they have the clarity, for us, that a stained glass window would have had in the Middle Ages.
But Pre-Raphaelite paintings may be a better analogy. These photographs have become ornate, hollow, implicitly academic exercises, so freighted with telltale omens and contrivances and so monotonously joyless that they start to seem light, almost comic.
Some details suggest horror movie kitsch, like the filthy pink telephone in a hotel room where an older woman stands naked in the bathroom. The blood dripping down her thigh pushes the narrative toward overload: is she sick or not as menopausal as she thought? Has she checked into a room where something horrible has happened and might happen again or was the maid in a rush? With so much going on, the sets themselves become the main events, and the characters often assume a proplike woodenness. The woman who stares fixedly at a roast beef so rare it may have driven her husband from the dinner table might almost be a store mannequin.
Mr. Crewdson's outdoor images are less overwrought and more mysterious. The play of natural and artificial light (learned from the images of O. Winston Link) gives him more to work with, and the open space helps. But even here the same catatonic, blasted blankness afflicts the people, and the limited emotional range precludes genuine depth.Continue reading the main story
Mr. Crewdson needs to discover some new feelings or reinvent his medium, because theatrical craft has overtaken his art. This has come at the expense of the imaginative uses of color, scale or space -- in short, form -- that both balanced and heightened the creepiness of his early set-up photographs. It makes sense that he has said that his next project will be a film. It may be time to tackle the challenge of duration with characters who can move, speak and stand up to their surroundings. Either that, or Mr. Crewdson might consider dismissing his superbly skilled crew and taking up street photography. The REAL real world has it merits. ROBERTA SMITHContinue reading the main story


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'Who do you check? Which line do you check? Which defenceman do you go after? It's a tough team to target because they don't have any one identifiable strength or weakness. It is their four-line, six defencemen and very good goaltender in Ryan Miller approach. That's going to be a unique thing for the Hurricanes to have to deal with.'
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Energy on the go
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Let's hear today from the readers. (Translation: thoughtful readers.) Way back in February, I lamented at great length about the plague of online incivility - specifically, the seemingly growing tendency among the uncivil, on both the left and right, to exult in the deaths, or the deathly illnesses, of those political figures with whom they disagree. That column has generated far more national response than anything else I've written lately, and it's still trickling in, much of it via snail mail. These excerpts constitute an extremely small sampling - but nevertheless, a representative dozen:
Almost all newspaper blogs are overrun by evil commenters, it seems. My solution would be for more newspapers to follow the policy of The New York Times, which accepts civil comments but rejects comments that are nothing more than "personal attacks" and "shouting." Readers also get the chance to "recommend" then posted comments that they like. Is this policy "censorship?" I don't know, but it keeps things civil and it is unique among newspaper blogs, as far as I know.
Out here in Oregon, I used to respond to evil online comments and then decided that I am wasting my time, because the problem is too big and overwhelming. Yet if we give up, we turn this new form of expressing public opinion totally over to "the nasties."
On the far left and far right, a lot of people have very strange opinions on things. But we should just ignore them and get on with life. A former CIA Director testified that terrorism is theater. I believe that the extremists are in their glory when we talk about them and write about them.
Also, I wonder about what motivates public people to subject themselves to the hate and vitriol of public life when they have closets stuffed with fodder for the media. Ted Kennedy, whose illness and death prompted many commenters to rejoice, could have spent the rest of his life managing the fortune and charitable trusts, living in the compounds with Joan and the kids and not having a care in the world. Maybe Ted coped with all the attacks on him by reading only what he wanted to read and hearing only what he wanted to hear - and screening out the extremists. If it worked for him, it could work for us.
It may simply be that the avenues of promulgating incivility are more widespread today than previously. I'm an old guy in Tennessee now, but I recall vividly that when I was a 15-year-old cadet in a military academy at the time of Franklin Roosevelt's death, a number of the sons of Republicans were jubilant.
It appears to me that those on the right are far more prone to extreme incivility. I am old enough to note how many who vilely condemned Roosevelt now cite him as heroic.
I read your column, reprinted in The Denver Post, and was quickly faced with an ugly realization. Yesterday I heard about Dick Cheney's hospitalization and felt giddy. The man disgusts me - and I was immediately excited by, and hopeful about, his health failing. I consider myself a compassionate and moral person but I didn't feel ashamed of my excitement until I read your article this morning. It's easy to lose our humanity in this political climate, and we need to be reminded of our unjustifiably extreme incivility. I will do my best to pass on the reminder.
It is all such a shame. I live in Dallas. Sometimes I read posts from people who are responding to a variety of topics, and their messages are so vile and hateful.
I wonder if the anonymity of the Internet is fueling this. It is upsetting that there are people out there who harbor such bitterness and hate. Do you often think it could be the guy behind you at the coffee shop? Normal looking people?
Here in Dallas, where George W. Bush has settled while he awaits the library being built on the campus of SMU, we who hate what he did to this country fought the urge to go throw shoes at his house (or at the street corner - since security there is tighter than the Olympics), we will practice civility and let him live in peace. No extreme uncivility here. Let's keep talking about this.
I'm a retired Navy commander. There is an old Roman saying: "De mortuis nil nisi bonum decendum est" - in essence, "speak only good of the dead." This phrase is commonly reduced to "nil nisi bonum," and has been cited over the years as good enough reason not to slander or attack those who are dead, or by extension, those who are about to die.
Until our nation's leaders show the way by conducting our nation's affairs like civilized persons, rejecting the chorus of hate, we Americans may slowly slip into a period of physical violence when the verbal violence no longer satisfies the radicals of the left and right.
Thirty years ago, then-House Speaker Tip O'Neill and House Minority Leader Bob Michel were close personal friends who socialized regularly over dinners and cocktails. They disagreed on policies but always worked together to craft legislation. O'Neill was even relieved that Michel survived a tough challenge in 1982 when unemployment was rampant in Michel's district. Democrat O'Neill also invited Ronald Reagan to "pour a cold one" on St. Patrick's Day, an invitation that Reagan readily accepted. Reagan, by the way, told Chris Matthews, "We're all friends after six o'clock."
Alas, those days are long gone. The man who deserves much of the blame is Newt Gingrich. Prior to becoming House Speaker, he'd always equated politics with war. Gingrich didn't believe in associating with Democrats whom he considered the enemy. This wasn't simply about power changing hands; when the GOP took over the Senate in 1981, new Senate Majority Leader Howard Baker still regarded a lot of Democrats as friends. Gingrich could go weeks without even speaking to his counterpart, House Minority Leader Dick Gephardt, and he certainly didn't extend invitations to socialize. The incivility was such that in 1996, several senators went on "20/20" to state that it was the reason for their retirements. Alan Simpson said he couldn't even have dinner or cocktails with old friends without later hearing vitriolic criticism about cavorting with the enemy.
Civility has disappeared from the public just as it has in politics. One wonders if rudeness in public has fed rudeness in politics or vice versa. Republicans claim to worship the mantle of Reagan. Why they don't emulate his personal civility is a mystery. It was a major reason for his success.
Incivility, to the point of celebrating someone's death, is hardly new. This behavior stretches back through antiquity. The Roman Emperor Augustus refused to bury the bodies of his enemies, insisting "that matter must be settled with the carrion-birds."
If the offenses of Internet-posting troglodytes cause you distress, you would certainly be mortified by the death-celebration visited upon the corpse of Oliver Cromwell, whose body was dug up by the vengeful Charles II. Cromwell's remains were posthumously executed. His head was then severed from his body, placed on a pole and displayed in front of Westminster Hall from 1661 to the late 1680s.
While the examples I cited are negative, sometimes to be discourteous is the most appropriate course of action. Neville Chamberlain went to great lengths to treat Adolf Hitler with civility and respect; such conduct is now condemned almost universally by historians.
Emily Post would most likely disapprove of the conduct of those who officiated over the Boston Tea Party, yet there was no better response to the intransigence of British tyranny at the time. One of my former English professors had a bumper sticker on her vehicle that read, "Well-behaved women don't make history." I believe that is true for all people. The meek and accommodating may be more pleasant to interact with, but they rarely change the world, for better or worse.
Venting frustration, sometimes in repugnant language, does not constitute some sort of blasphemy against some sacred moral code. In fact, it's part of public discourse. The human body has some disagreeable biological processes, but they are necessary to our health. So it is with our democracy.
I wonder about the self-contradictory role that some outlets play in fostering this incredible incivility. I'm talking about the online forums that are sponsored by newspapers.
If I wanted to write a "letter to the editor" to a newspaper, I must sign my real name and include contact information, so the paper can contact me to verify that I am really the one who expressed the opinion. Also, knowing that my real name is going to be at the end of my opinion should make me consider (and reconsider) what will go into print. In that format, the newspaper does not feel that I am due any anonymity.
But to post my opinion on a newspaper's online forum, I only need to create an account with a "user name," which could be anything. Then, anything I want to post can go on the site with no concern to me that any reader will know who I am or that I am capable of such a post. In this case, the newspaper protects my anonymity - which leads to the most crass postings.
Secondly, if I were to write a "letter to the editor" for print publication, someone at the paper would screen and edit my letter. Outrageous letters would never be published at all. But again, online, my material is just posted as is, with nothing changed and, as a rule, not even screened.
Why do newspapers allow such a difference in publishing policies between print vs. online forums? Perhaps something as simple as a change in online anonymity policy could have an immediate impact on incivility.
I read your blog daily and I used to try and comment, but it's very hard to rise above the cacophony of vicious posts from both the right and the left. So why bother. It's sad, really, that our public discourse has come to this. One would think that in death, regardless of the political affiliation of the deceased, we as a people can agree that even if we disagreed with the political philosophy of the deceased, at least, as in the case of Ted Kennedy, we acknowledge that they serve their constituents and the country well.
I deplore people like Glenn Beck and Rush Limbaugh, as well as some on the left, who coarsen the public discourse as a way to line their pockets. I have a problem with those people, because they seek to thwart any attempt at compromise. In the end this behavior may be good for them politically, or financially, but it paralyzes the country.
The Internet is a great tool to expand the ability for people to communicate. Unfortunately, it has also provided an outlet for people who choose to speak knowing that they will never meet the objects of their scorn or hate in person. The same holds for the talking heads who bloviate daily on our TV screens, yet never sit down one-on-one with people they disagree with. What would happen if the bloggers who crowed about Ted Kennedy's impending death spoke those words directly to Vicki Kennedy or Kennedy's children? Or to Bush spokesman Tony Snow's wife and children?
There are a rare few in whom we should exult in their deaths: Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini. Other than that, it is time for these so-called commentators to remember that not only are we created equal, but we all share equally in facing our own death.
Hello from New Mexico. Any of us who might be tempted to post a vicious personal comment should first read "Forgiveness," written by the 19th century John Greenlead Whittier. It has always helped me:
My heart was heavy, for its trust had been
Abused, its kindness answered with foul wrong;
So, turning gloomily from my fellow-men,
One summer Sabbath day I strolled among
The green mounds of the village burial-place;
Where, pondering how all human love and hate
Find one sad level; and how, soon or late,
Wronged and wrongdoer, each with meekened face,
And cold hands folded over a still heart,
Pass the green threshold of our common grave,
Whither all footsteps tend, whence none depart,
Awed for myself, and pitying my race,
Our common sorrow, like a mighty wave,
Swept all my pride away, and trembling I forgave!


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Doctors: Thibodaux Father Competent To Stand Trial In Jori Lirette's Death
THIBODAUX, La. (AP) — Count document show doctors believe a Thibodaux man accused of decapitating his disabled 7-year-old son nearly a year ago is competent to stand trial.
The Courier reports doctors have been treating Jeremiah Wright at the Feliciana Forensic Facility in Jackson for the past nine months.
Wright is accused of the Aug. 14 first-degree murder of Jori Lirette, who had cerebral palsy. Jori used a wheelchair and had to be fed through a tube.
A competency hearing is scheduled for Sept. 21.
Wright is accused of decapitating and dismembering the boy. The boy's head was found in front of Wright's home by a passing driver, with the rest of his body in a trash bag nearby.


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DOVER, Del. (AP) — A woman who lived with a Delaware pediatrician accused of waterboarding her 11-year-old daughter has agreed to plead guilty to child endangerment charges and testify against him.
In accepting a plea offer from prosecutors, Pauline Morse agreed Friday to plead guilty to three misdemeanor counts of endangering the welfare of a child and to cooperate with prosecutors and testify against Dr. Melvin Morse.
Melvin Morse, 59, has written a best-selling book and achieved national recognition for his research into near-death experiences involving children. Police suggested in an affidavit that he may have been experimenting on the girl last year, a claim he denies.
A trial for Melvin Morse is scheduled to start June 10. Morse and his attorney, Joe Hurley, did not immediately return telephone messages seeking comment Friday.
A spokesman for the attorney general's office had no immediate comment.


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Students who have completed the first year of full-time law study, or its equivalent in part-time study, and are in good standing at their current law school are eligible to attend any of Tulane's summer abroad programs. Students must supply a proof of enrollment letter from their current school verifying that they are in good standing and are eligible to return. Graduate students in other disciplines may apply and attend on a case-by-case basis. Law school graduates and practicing attorneys may attend the programs as auditors. According to Louisiana Supreme Court MCLE regulations,practicing attorneys are eligible to claim six (6) hours of CLE credit for each hour of academic credit awarded by the school.
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Evening/part time students may apply if they will have completed their first year of law by the start of the program.
International students are encouraged to apply for the Berlin Program through Humboldt University. U.S. and Canadian students must apply through Tulane.
Three credit hours can be earned from the Berlin program. Courses in the Berlin program are graded on a scale of Pass/C-/Fail. A passing grade indicates that the student was given a grade of C or better.
ABA regulations only allow students to receive credit hours according to the following formula: one semester hour for each 700 minutes of class time or equivalent. Also, ABA regulations prohibit students from receiving more than 1.5 semester credit hours for each week of the program, and students cannot be enrolled in more than 220 class minutes per day.
You can submit your deposit online, by credit card, through our online application. For payment by check, deposit forms should be mailed to:
Tulane Law SchoolInternational Legal Programs6329 Freret Street, Suite 155New Orleans, LA 70118-9923
Applications are accepted until the program is full. Admission is on a first-come basis, as long as students meet the eligibility requirements. A maximum of 60 US or Canadian students and 60 international students will be accepted to the program.
1. Fill out an online application.
2. Pay your deposit.
3. Send in a letter of good standing from your home school if you are not a Tulane student.
Unfortunately, no scholarships are available for Tulane summer programs.
More information about Summer Abroad Aid is available on the Financial Aid Section of this website.
Non-Tulane students must submit their consortium agreement to the following address
Office of Financial Aid
Weinmann Hall, Ste. 155
6329 Freret Street
New Orleans, LA 70118
Fax Number: 504-865-6710
To jump to to a particular question, click on the links below:
Who is eligible to participate in the program?
Can evening/part time students apply?
Can international students apply?
What is the maximum number of credits that I can receive?
Why can't I receive more than 3 ABAcredits per session?
How do I submit my deposit?
Are applications accepted until the program is full or is it selective?
What are the steps to apply?
Are there any scholarships available?
How do I get financial aid?
Where do I send my consortium agreement?
I've heard I need 5 credits to receive financial aid, is this true?
How will I know if I get in to the program? How long is the wait from when I apply to when I hear if I am accepted?
Where do I send my letter of good standing?
How do I switch courses from the ones I originally selected on my application?
When should I arrive/leave?
What airport should I fly into?
Where can I find more information about the program?
Do I need a visa?
How do I become certified as a mediator after the Berlin program?
How can I meet other program students prior to the program?
Are there any required courses?
What do I do if I need to cancel?
Is there an internship component to the program?
Who can I contact for more information or resources regarding internships?
What is the deadline to apply?
Are there any other deadlines I should be aware of?
What do I do if I cannot pay my tuition by the tuition deadline?
How do I get housing for Berlin?
How do I review my grades for the program?
How do I pay my tuition for the program?
How do I find my Tulane Email Address?
Will my school receive an official transcript of my grades? Who should I contact for a transcript of my grades?
What types of activities will be provided by the program?
Will I need to bring any business attire with me?
If your question is not in the list above, or on the Policies, Procedures and Tuition section, Ask the Summer Abroad Team!
Who is eligible to participate in the program?
Can evening/part time students apply?
Can international students apply?
What is the maximum number of credits that I can receive?
Why can't I receive more than 3 ABAcredits per session?
How do I submit my deposit?
Are applications accepted until the program is full or is it selective?
What are the steps to apply?
Are there any scholarships available?
How do I get financial aid?
Where do I send my consortium agreement?
I've heard I need 5 credits to receive financial aid, is this true?
How will I know if I get in to the program? How long is the wait from when I apply to when I hear if I am accepted?
Where do I send my letter of good standing?
How do I switch courses from the ones I originally selected on my application?
When should I arrive/leave?
What airport should I fly into?
Where can I find more information about the program?
Do I need a visa?
How do I become certified as a mediator after the Berlin program?
How can I meet other program students prior to the program?
Are there any required courses?
What do I do if I need to cancel?
Is there an internship component to the program?
Who can I contact for more information or resources regarding internships?
What is the deadline to apply?
Are there any other deadlines I should be aware of?
What do I do if I cannot pay my tuition by the tuition deadline?
How do I get housing for Berlin?
How do I review my grades for the program?
How do I pay my tuition for the program?
How do I find my Tulane Email Address?
Will my school receive an official transcript of my grades? Who should I contact for a transcript of my grades?
What types of activities will be provided by the program?
Will I need to bring any business attire with me?
If your question is not in the list above, or on the Policies, Procedures and Tuition section, Ask the Summer Abroad Team!
In order to borrow federal loans, you must be enrolled at least half-time. If you are enrolled less than half time, your only option for summer loan funding is a private credit-based loan.
Students who have not borrowed the annual $20,500 maximum limit for Federal Stafford Loans during the current academic year may inquire about borrowing funds for summer sessions. Students who have exhausted these Stafford loan limits during for the current academic year may be interested in pursuing the Federal Gradate PLUS Loan for the summer, which is a leniently-credit-based loan with a set interest rate of 8.5%
You will be admitted to the program, if space is still available, once your deposit has been received. You will receive a confirmation email from the International Programs Office, confirming your enrollment and your course selection, once you are admitted.
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Your letter of good standing should be mailed to the following address::
International Legal Programs6329 Freret Street, Suite 155New Orleans, LA 70118Fax Number: 504-865-6710
You will have the opportunity to change your course selection when you arrive at the Program. However, due to financial aid requirements, if you change the number of credit hours you plan to take, please complete the following form: http://www.law.tulane.edu/tlsabroad/abroadforms.aspx?ekfrm=16176. Be aware that if you receive financial aid for courses which you do not complete, your loan might be canceled or your loan amount might be billed back to you and returned to your lender.
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You should arrive in Berlin no later than the morning of Sunday, July 29, as the first activity will be a complementary bus tour of the city at 3 p.m. that afternoon. The final exam is scheduled at 11:00 am on Saturday, August 11. Arrangements will be made to administer the final examination on Friday, August 10, if a participant's travel arrangements conflict with the August 11 examination time and date.
How to get to the Humboldt University from...Tegel Airport (TXL)Flights from North America, including flights with stopovers in Europe, use Tegel Airport (TXL). Tegel is located fairly close to the center of Berlin. There is an inexpensive express bus (Bus TXL in the direction of Alexanderplatz) that leaves Tegel on a frequent basis with several drop-off locations in the vicinity of the University. The bus stop closest to the Humboldt Law Faculty is probably Unter den Linden/Friedrichstrasse.
Catch Bus TXL (direction: Alexanderplatz), step out at the Stop: Unter den Linden / Friedrichstraße.
Schedule and Info about TXL
From there it is only a 5 minute walk to the University
Schoenefeld Airport (SXF)Most German domestic and intra-Europe flights, especially the flights of low-budget airlines, use Schoenefeld Airport (SXF). Schoenefeld is located 25 to 30 minutes from the city center. There is a S-Bahn (above ground light rail train) station at Schoenefeld.
The most convenient way of getting to the Guesthouse and the University is by using the S-Bahn Airport Express (Timetable) which runs approximately every 10 minutes. The journey takes about 25 minutes to the S-Bahn station Friedrichstraße. From there its only a 10 minute walk to the University.
More information about getting around Berlin from the Airports is available here.
More information about the Berlin Program can be found on the Humboldt University Summer School Website and on other tabs like this one at the top of the website. If you still have questions once you have read through all the information, contact Maria Landry (or by phone at 504-865-5990), Professor William R. Pitts or Karl Michael Schmidt for more information.
U.S. and Canadian citizens (and citizens of any other country which has a visa-waiver-agreement with Germany) will not require a visa for the Berlin Program due to the short time period you will be abroad.
If you are insecure about your eligibility to travel without a visa due to your nationality or due to the duration of your travel, you should inquire about the applicable visa prerequisites at a German Consulate-General in your home country. Further information can also be obtained at the website of the German Foreign Ministry.
Certification requirements vary by state as there is no national certification to become a mediator. You must research the requirements of your specific state. You will receive two certificates of 40 hours from the Program (a Certificate of Advanced Study and Training in Mediation and a Certificate of Advanced Study and Training in Dispute Resolution). You can find more information on your state courts website or through your state's ADR or mediation society.
With your welcome information, once you are admitted to the Program, you will receive details of a Facebook group in which you can meet other enrolled students. Also, on your application, you can select to share your contact information with other participants.
The Berlin Program consists of one three-credit course entitled Intercultural Negotiation and Mediation. The course will be conducted entirely in English. There are no prerequisites. The class is taught in a workshop setting.
If, after you send in your application and tuition deposit, you decide to withdraw, your tuition will be refunded less the deposit if we receive written notice of your withdrawal two weeks prior (15 days) to the start date of your Program. To cancel or withdraw from the Program, you must send a written request to Maria Landry as this is the only way to be officially unenrolled from the Program.
Internships will be offered for the 2018 session. To apply, please complete our internship application form or email the program directors, Professor Fedtke or Karl-Michael Schmidt.
The Program Directors and Maria Landry may serve as a resource to you for questions as to whether any internships are available.
There is no deadline to apply.
- Letters of Good Standing must be in by the start of the program.
- Tuition is due by May 31.
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Please contact Accounts Receivable, (504) 865-5368, for any information regarding tuition deadlines, or late payments, as late fees are assessed directly by their office, and not by Tulane Law School. The balance of all tuition and housing charges are due by May 31. Any outstanding payments for tuition or housing charges which are not paid by the date listed above will be subject to a finance charge assessed at 18% per annum. Failure to pay by this date, however, will not result in your being dropped from the program. *No credit for participation in the program(s) will be granted if any participant fails to pay all tuition and housing expenses in full.
Please visit our Tuition, Policies and Procedures section for more information.
Housing information will be sent out with the welcome information once you are admitted to the Berlin program. Students are responsible for arranging their own housing reservations directly.
Grades will not be posted prior to thirty days from the completion of the program. Once grades are received and posted at the end of the program, you will be able to access your grades via Gibson online (https://gibson.tulane.edu/) using your Tulane email address and password to log in. You may also request transcripts through Gibson. Select the Grades link to view your grades for the Summer term.
Tuition is due by May 31. If you do not pay by that date you will not be dropped from the program, you will, however, be assessed a finance charge if your payment is not received by that time. The finance charge is assessed directly by Tulane University's Accounts Receivable Office. Further questions regarding your tuition bill or finance charges should be directed to Accounts Receivable (504-865-5368 or 800-798-7633) or via e-mail (email@example.com).
You can pay your bill online at https://gibson.tulane.edu. See above for instructions on how to log in. Once logged in, the most efficient and timely way to make a payment to your account is to pay online through the Netpay link on Gibson, charging your checking or savings account. Checking or savings account payments are received automatically Monday through Friday and there are no convenience fees added. Tulane does accept MasterCard, American Express and Discover card credit card payments made online through Netpay. Tulane does not accept VISA for Accounts Receivable payments. There is a convenience fee assessed for all credit card transactions. Accounts Receivable does not accept payments in the office or by phone.
Checks or money orders should be mailed to:Tulane UniversityBursar Office, Bruff Commons31 McAlister DriveNew Orleans, LA 70118
NOTE: If you do send a check, please write your name and student ID number on the check or include it with your payment. Please do not mail cash payments. Do not send tuition payments to the Law School.
Questions regarding your tuition bill should be directed to Accounts Receivable (504-865-5368 or 800-798-7633) or via e-mail (email@example.com).
Please visit our Tuition, Policies and Procedures section for more information.
You should have received your username and password in two emails from Tulane University Technology Services. If you are unable to locate these, you can reset your password by visiting https://password.tulane.edu/ using the alternate email you provided on your application.
If you continue to have trouble logging in to http://gibson.tulane.edu, you can contact Technology Services directly by any of the four methods below:
1) Write firstname.lastname@example.com
2) Call us Monday through Friday 7AM - 7PM, at 1-504-862-8888.
3) Search the Knowledge Base at https://tulane.service-now.com/kb
4) Go to the TSNOC online at https://tulane.service-now.com/
Transcripts are not automatically sent to your home school.You must request a transcript through the Tulane University Registrar's Office (via the link on Gibson). You may also request your transcript from the Registrar's Office by submitting a transcript request form located at http://www.registrar.tulane.edu, under the Transcript Request link.
NOTE: If you have any problems submitting your requests, you may contact the Registrar's office directly at firstname.lastname@example.com They should be able to help you.
The Berlin Program offers a wide variety of social and cultural activities. The Program begins with a complimentary bus tour of Berlin at 3 p.m. on Sunday, July 31. The tour will provide an opportunity to meet other students and get an overview of the city. The tour begins and ends at the Humboldt Law Faculty. The Program's opening reception will be at the Law School immediately following the bus tour at approximately 6 p.m. There will be ample food, beverages, and New Orleans music, and the opportunity to become acquainted with other participants and the faculty.
There will be scheduled tours of the Chancellery, the Reichstag, the Holocaust Memorial and other interesting sites during the Program. Museum Night is scheduled on the first Thursday evening when Berlin museums are open to the public without admission charges. Also, two prominent German law firms host lovely receptions for students and faculty.
A loosely organized soccer match and beach volleyball games (no skill required to participate!) are scheduled on two afternoons after class, followed by visits to traditional German beer gardens. The Program hosts an annual cruise on the river Spree and the canals encircling Berlin's center. Family members and friends are cordially invited to participate in all activities except the academic course.
On many evenings, Christian Hartwig, one of the German faculty members and the Program's social director par excellence, leads student expeditions into different Berlin neighborhoods for a walks, dinners at neighborhood restaurants, and almost always a bar review, i.e. a gathering of the students at a neighborhood nightspot. The location and time of the bar review is posted each day for those students who want to join the group later in the evening.
There are no classes or other academic obligations during the weekend between the negotiation and mediation weeks. The Program offers a number of voluntary social activities for the students during that weekend (a bike tour of Berlin, visits to flea markets and local fairs, and a techno club party) but students have the complete freedom to plan their own weekend activities.
For a day trip, Potsdam, a city adjacent to Berlin, contains the magnificent Sanssouci Palace and gardens, which was the summer residence of Prussian royalty. Potsdam is also the site of the famous Truman/Churchill/Stalin conference at the end of World War II and the Wannsee House where the Nazis planned the extermination of the Jewish people. The Wannsee House has been converted into a fascinating and quite emotion provoking historical education center. Also, the town of Dresden is not far from Berlin and is easily accessible by train as a day trip. Amsterdam, Prague, and many other European cities are also easy to reach by air or overnight train. Otherwise, Berlin is, of course, full of truly remarkable museums. Students may want to visit one of them,, go to the movies (the Sony Cinemaxx in the Sony Center has 15 theaters that show the original English-language versions of first-run movies), or otherwise relax over the weekend.
A calendar of activities will be given to the students upon arrival in Berlin.
Most buildings in Berlin, including the Law Faculty, are not air-conditioned. However, the weather in Berlin in late July and early August is usually mild and on the cool side. The temperature is often between 21-26°C (70-79°F) during the day and 14-18°C (58- 65°F) in the evenings. On the other hand, the daily temperature has been a good bit warmer in the past several years.
We suggest that you bring a sweater or light jacket for cool evenings and the cruise. You may want to bring a light waterproof jacket since Berlin gets a few rain showers in late July and early August. Also, we play soccer and beach volleyball on two afternoons, and there is a bicycle tour on the weekend. You will want to have appropriate shoes and clothes for these events. There may be an occasion to go swimming, so you may want to bring a bathing suit.
The style of dress in Berlin is casual even in restaurants and other public places. Shorts and flip flops may not be permitted in a few of the nicest restaurants and dance clubs. The style of dress for the Program is ultra-casual – almost anything is acceptable, including shorts, T-shirts and casual shoes. Remember – no air conditioning at the Law School!
Berliners do not expect students to dress up. For example, several exclusive law firms will host receptions for our students, and there will be tours of major government buildings, but you may dress casually for those events. Many of our female students want to have at least one nice outfit for some of the social events and fancier nightspots. The guys may also want to have something nice to wear on those occasions, but there is no need to wear a coat and tie for any event.


text:
Yeah, Stone Cold
Three one six
[Verse 1]
See I rep that city I'm from, uh
Pay the crib, price tag, in cash, now your bitch wan' come, uh
Swallow two dime bags, thinkin' I don't throw up the dub
Now watch as the stock go up
Old bitches on my cock, so what?
Said she got the bomb, so I fuck 'til that girl blow up in the
Three sixteen
I rep that three sixteen
That's where I start so I pour my heart into my three sixteens
Cause I know that I got 'em watchin' when I'm droppin'
Quiet those sheep, Anthony Hopkins
Now we blow checks and them girls want texts
Can I roll X? Yes they watchin'
That ain't new, it's just new ones boppin'
I been a mac, them niggas window shoppin'
Uh, we call it internet browsin'
Blew up my scene cause I hate bein' doubted
Give me my space cause I hate bein' crowded
The boy so square cause I hate bein' rounded
And we came out of section eight housin'
The VIP section loungin' out in the
Three sixteen
I rep that three sixteen
That's where I starts so I put my heart into my three sixteens
And I rep that three sixteen
I rep that three sixteen
Yeah that's my home, I'm so stone cold, I'm just so three sixteen
Can I get a hell yeah? Uh-huh, "Hell yeah!"
Can I get a hell yeah? Uh-huh, "Hell yeah!"
And I rep that three sixteen
I rep that three sixteen
Yeah that's my home, I'm so stone cold, I'm just so three sixteen
[Verse 3]
Name a thing that we can't do
MTV and Shaheem Reid came through
The city I've been in can see that I'm winnin'
And made the decision that I can't lose
Cause I was unheard, my shit still slap like Yung Berg
And the town where we give those officers space
But they still get mugged like Lumberg
Oh, is that absurd? You thought we was all just some nerds
Man you must be out your rabbit ass mind
If you think we don't keep them thumpers
Would've thought niggas been learned
Comin' out the city where the wind turn
Where our OGs haven't told me if you hold heat you might get burned
So I kept one inside my dresser
Cause you never know if one might test ya
Under the right pressure them killas squeeze
And thought you sneezed, God bless ya
God bless us, killed the game now damn you
I didn't have to shout where I'm from
But I still tote like I wear boots
Ladies gettin' their hair cute, L7s in the air too
Now I'm just multiplying myself, call that a square root
This here's a square's roots, chains, whips, and bars
Man I came here from Oz and my aim is the stars, in the
[Break x2]
I'm-I'm-I'm rollin', I'm-I'm rollin'
Shocker yellow, black, and golden
Where the 'Lacs look like they stolen
On the highway they patrollin'
And that kid with that green backpack
Writing raps be fuckin' flowin'
I say now they fuckin' know it
Now you fuckin' know it
"You sit there and you thump your Bible, and you say your prayers, and it didn't get you anywhere! Talk about your psalms, talk about John 3:16… Austin 3:16 says I just whipped your ass!".


text: Dizzy Wright announces his newest album The Growing Process will be released on May 26th. Led by the prolific "Train Your Mind"and ode to hometown hero "Floyd Money Mayweather", the new album is the second is the second installment in a series of albums inspired by The Four Agreements – particularly the second principle which states "Don't Take Anything Personally" – and features appearances from Big K.R.I.T., Tech N9ne, Layzie Bone, Krayzie Bone, Irv Da Phenom, Berner, Mod Sun, Chel'le and Njomza in addition to Funk Volume family SwizZz, Jarren Benton and Hopsin. Continue reading "Dizzy Wright Releases The Growing Process 5/26"


text:
What happens when the boss becomes the employee? Jessie will soon find out.
On Friday's all-new episode of the Disney Channel comedy, Jessie (Debby Ryan) gets another job to earn extra cash, but who's her new boss at the Empire Skate Building? Emma (Peyton List)!
Get more scoop on why Jessie is today's pick for Watch This Tonight:
Jessie airs on Fridays at 8/7c on Disney Channel.
Watch another sneak peek from the episode:


text:
Downloads for beta release R102
- FinaquantInExcel_beta102.xll Excel add-in (digitally signed by Finaquant Analytics)
- FinaquantInExcel_beta102.zip Zip package including Visual Studio project to develop the add-in (open source)
- FinaquantExcelDemo_20140924.xls Excel workbook with a sheet named Parameters for Getting Started
- Visual User Guide Installing the add-in, table function examples, developer notes (pdf file)
Don't forget to visit article Empowering Excel with Table Functions for most recent releases and installation steps.
Three new code files are added to Visual Studio project FinaquantInExcel for matrix functions:
MatrixX.cs Class with matrix functions that can be called in Excel VBA. The methods of this class are simple wrappers that make some selected matrix functions of the underlying .NET library Finaquant Calcs available (i.e. callable) in VBA. Developers can extend this class to have more matrix functions in VBA.
Following code example shows how you can call the non-static methods of this class (matrix functions) in VBA:
- Code: [Select all] [Expand/Collapse] [Download] (Untitled.txt)
- Sub Test_MatrixX()
- Dim M1 As Object: Set M1 = CreateObject("Finaquant_KeyMatriX")
- Dim M2 As Object: Set M2 = CreateObject("Finaquant_KeyMatriX")
- Dim R As Object: Set R = CreateObject("Finaquant_KeyMatriX")
- ' read matrix from named range
- Call M1.ReadFromExcel("Matrix2")
- Call M2.ReadFromExcel("Matrix3")
- ' print properties
- Debug.Print M1.nRows
- Debug.Print M2.nRows
- ' print matrix
- Debug.Print M1.ToString()
- ' matrix multiplication
- Set R = M1.MultiplyMatrix(M2)
- ' write result to excel range
- Call R.WriteToExcel("Matrix4", "Sheet2", "", "B12")
- ' get inverse matrix
- Set R = M1.Inverse()
- ' write inverse matrix to excel range
- Call R.WriteToExcel("Matrix5", "Sheet2", "", "F2")
- ' determinant
- Debug.Print M1.Determinant()
- End Sub
- GeSHi ©
ExcelMatrix.cs A class with application oriented non-static methods (matrix functions). It includes a list of matrix functions that you want to make directly available in Excel as command menu item or a ribbon button.
The methods of this class are also available (i.e. callable) in Excel VBA, as shown in the example below:
- Code: [Select all] [Expand/Collapse] [Download] (Untitled.txt)
- ' Test ExcelMatrix class methods
- Sub Test_ExcelMatrix()
- Dim XM As Object: Set XM = CreateObject("Finaquant_ExcelMatrix")
- Dim nRows, nCols As Integer
- Dim SheetName, RangeName, TopLeftCell As String
- ' create matrix with random-valued elements
- nRows = 3
- nCols = 4
- SheetName = "Sheet2"
- TopLeftCell = "B3"
- Call XM.CreateRandomMatrix(nRows, nCols, RangeName, _
- ThisWorkbook.FullName, SheetName, TopLeftCell)
- End Sub
- GeSHi ©
Following code example (in C#/.NET) shows the typical flow of a matrix calculation (read, calculate, write) in a method of class ExcelMatrix:
- Code: [Select all] [Expand/Collapse] [Download] (Untitled.txt)
- public void MultiplyMatrices(string InRangeName1, string InRangeName2,
- string OutRangeName, string WorkbookFullName = null,
- string TargetSheetName = "ResultMatrix", string TopLeftCell = "A1")
- {
- // Typical flow of calculation:
- // Step 0: Get current application and active workbook
- Excel.Application xlApp = ExcelFunc_NO.GetExcelApplicationInstance();
- Excel.Workbook wbook;
- if (WorkbookFullName == null || WorkbookFullName == String.Empty)
- wbook = xlApp.ActiveWorkbook;
- else
- wbook = ExcelFunc_NO.GetWorkbookByFullName(xlApp, WorkbookFullName);
- // Step 1: Read excel ranges into input matrices
- KeyMatrix M1 = ExcelFunc_NO.ReadKeyMatrixFromExcel(InRangeName1,
- WorkbookFullName);
- KeyMatrix M2 = ExcelFunc_NO.ReadKeyMatrixFromExcel(InRangeName2,
- WorkbookFullName);
- // Step 2: Generate resultant (output) matrices
- KeyMatrix R = KeyMatrix.MultiplyMatrices(M1, M2);
- // Step 3: Write resultant matrices to excel
- ExcelFunc_NO.WriteKeyMatrixToExcel(wbook, R, TargetSheetName,
- TopLeftCell, OutRangeName);
- ((Excel.Worksheet)wbook.Worksheets[TargetSheetName]).Activate();
- }
- GeSHi ©
Note that each matrix is represented with the name of its range. That is, range names are used as input and output parameters. This is similar to table functions where the names of ListObjects (excel tables) are used as input and output parameters.
How to name a range in Excel: Select cells > right-mouse menu > Define Name
How to see the list of range names in a workbook: Press F3
How to delete range names: Press Ctrl-F3
See also: Deleting range names in Excel
ExcelMatrixDNA.cs The static methods of this class are attributed as either ExcelFunction or ExcelCommand.
As ExcelFunction attributed methods are available as worksheet functions in Excel:
As ExcelCommand attributed methods appear as menu option in the command menu named Table Functions.
A static method of class ExcelMatrixDNA can be called in VBA as follows:
- Code: [Select all] [Expand/Collapse] [Download] (Untitled.txt)
- ' Test ExcelMatrixDNA class methods
- Sub Test_ExcelMatrixDNA()
- Dim x As Double
- Dim RangeName As String
- ' call matrix sum
- RangeName = "Matrix1"
- x = Application.Run("MatrixSum", RangeName)
- ' display result in immediate window
- Debug.Print "Matrix sum = " & x
- End Sub
- GeSHi ©
Most methods of the class ExcelMatrixDNA do nothing other than calling the methods of the class ExcelMatrix.
Some methods that are attributed with ExcelFunction may return an array instead of a scalar value:
- Code: [Select all] [Expand/Collapse] [Download] (Untitled.txt)
- [ExcelFunction(Description = "Matrix Multiplication,
- returns a 2-dim array (array formula)", Category = "Matrix Functions")]
- public static double[,] MatrixMultiplication(string RangeName1,
- string RangeName2)
- GeSHi ©
Press Control-Shift-Return to enter such functions (array formula) in a worksheet.
The formula will be automatically enveloped with curved brackets denoting that this is a function which returns an array.
In order to expand an array to see all the elements (1) select the cell with array formula with neighboring cells, (2) Press F2 to activate the array formula and (3) press Ctrl-Shift-Return to expand.
For more information about array formulas in Excel you may visit:
Introducing array formulas in Excel