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Rhinoceros unicornis
|Scope: Global
Language: English
|Scientific Name:
|Rhinoceros unicornis Linnaeus, 1758
Common Name(s):
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Vulnerable B1ab(iii) ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
|Talukdar, B.K., Emslie, R., Bist, S.S., Choudhury, A., Ellis, S., Bonal, B.S., Malakar, M.C., Talukdar, B.N. & Barua, M.
|Talukdar, B.K. & van Strien, N.J. (Asian Rhino Red List Authority)
The Greater One-horned Rhinoceros populations are increasing overall due to strict protection, especially in India. However, some populations are decreasing, especially in Nepal and parts of northeastern India. The species is currently confined to fewer than ten sites, with a total extent of occurrence of less than 20,000 km². There is a continuing decline in the quality of habitat, projected to continue into the future, which, if not addressed, will affect the long-term survival of some of the smaller populations, and could jeopardize the further recovery of the species. Its populations are also severely fragmented, and with over 70% of the population in Kaziranga National Park, a catastrophic event there could have a devastating impact on the status of the species.
|Previously published Red List assessments:
|Range Description:
|Historically, the Indian rhinoceros once existed across the entire northern part of the Indian subcontinent, along the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra River basins, from Pakistan to the Indian-Burmese border, including parts of Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan (Foose and van Strien 1997). It may also have existed in Myanmar, southern China, and Indochina, though this is uncertain. The species was common in northwestern India and Pakistan until around 1600, but disappeared from this region shortly after this time (Rookmaker, 1984). The species declined sharply in the rest of its range from 1600-1900, until the species was on the brink of extinction at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Currently, the Indian rhinoceros exists in a few small subpopulations in the Nepal and India (West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Assam) (Foose and van Strien 1997; Grubb, 2005), with an unsuccessful reintroduction of a pair in 1983 into Pakistan.
|Countries occurrence:
Native:India; Nepal
Regionally extinct:Bangladesh; Bhutan
|Additional data:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|The total population estimate in May 2007 was estimated to be 2,575 individuals, with estimates of a total of 378 in Nepal and 2,200 in India (Asian Rhino Specialist Group 2007). The Indian Rhino, with strict protection from Indian and Nepalese wildlife authorities, has recovered from a total population of under 200 in the early 1900s. Although some populations have declined in recent years, overall there has been a population increase for almost 100 years which still continues.
The species exists in several protected areas in India, with the following population estimates in May 2007 (Asian Rhino Specialist Group 2007): Dudhwa National Park (21), Manas National Park (3), Karteniaghat (2), Kaziranga National Park (1,855 in 2006; 1,551 in 1999), Orang (68 in 2006; 46 in 1999), Pabitora (81 in 2006; 74 in 1999, 79 in 2004), Jaldapara (108 in 2006; 96 in 2004; 84 in 2002), Gorumara (27 in 2006; 25 in 2004; 22 in 2002). Estimates given in Foose et al. (1997) were as follows: Dudhwa National Park (11), Manas National Park (60), Karteniaghat (4), Kaziranga (1164 +/- 134), Orang (over 90), Pabitora (80 individuals over 38.8 km²) (Choudhury, 2005), Jaldapara (over 33), Gorumara (13), and a few remaining small populations in Assam. Kaziranga National Park, which was established as a reserve for the last 10-20 Indian rhinos in Assam in 1905, is home to over 70% of the global population of this species. Poaching rendered the species extinct in Laokhowa Wildlife Sanctuary by the mid-1990s (Foose et al., 1997), and there has also been a severe decline in Manas National Park due to poaching related to civil unrest. The overall population tendency is to increase (especially in Kaziranga, Pabitora, Dudhwa, Jaldapara and Gorumura), with decreases in Manas, Orang (now increasing again) and Laokhowa. The population in Karteniaghat is best described as transient (S.S. Bist pers. comm.).
In the late 1960s, an estimated 65 Indian rhinos survived in Nepal, but due to increased conservation efforts, the total population was up to 612 in 2000. A total of at least 91 animals were poached in 2000-2003 (Martin, 2004), and since 2000, numbers have declined. In Royal Chitwan National Park, the number of individuals has declined from 544 individuals in 2000, to 372 individuals in 2005 (Asian Rhino Specialist Group 2007), the decrease being due to increased poaching following political instability in Nepal (Rothley et al., 2004; Khan et al., 2005), and habitat changes. In Royal Bardia National Park (where rhinos were re-introduced) there were approximately 40 individuals in 1997 (Foose et al., 1997) and 35 animals in 2007 (Asian Rhino Specialist Group 2007). In Royal Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve (where the species was also re-introduced), the population is only six individuals (Martin, 2004; Asian Rhino Specialist Group 2007).
A pair of rhinos was introduced into Lal Sohanra National Park in 1983, but have not bred.
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|The species inhabits the riverine grasslands of the Terai and Brahmaputra Basins (Foose and van Strein 1997). The species prefers these alluvial plain grasslands, but was known to occur in adjacent swamps and forests. The populations are currently restricted to habitats surrounded by human-dominated landscapes, so that the species often occurs in adjacent cultivated areas, pastures, and secondary forests. The diet includes mainly grasses, but also some fruit, leaves, shrub and tree branches, and cultivated crops (Nowak, 1999). The species also utilizes mineral licks regularly. Males are solitary, with unstructured, overlapping territories. The females solitary unless occurring with young.
Its life history characteristics are not well known, with longevity estimated at about 30-45 years, gestation length of approximately 16 months (as with other rhino species), and age at sexual maturity estimated at 5-7 years for females and 10 years for males (Nowak, 1999; IRF website, 2006).
|Terrestrial; Freshwater
|Use and Trade:
This species is harvested illegally for its horn and other products used in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
There may be some parts in trade originating from animals that died in zoos (Strien in litt.).
|Major Threat(s):
This species declined to near extinction in the early 1900s, primarily due to widespread conversion of alluvial plains grasslands to agricultural development, which led to human-rhino conflicts and easier accessibility for hunters. Sport hunting became common in the late 1800s and early 1900s. A reversal of government policies shortly thereafter protected many of the remaining populations. However, poaching, mainly for the use of the horn in Traditional Chinese Medicine has remained a constant and the success is precarious without continued and increased support for conservation efforts in India and Nepal. Poaching has lead to decreases in several important populations, especially those in Chitwan, Manas, Laokhowa and the Babai Valley area of Bardia.
However, not all recent population decreases can be linked to poaching. There have been serious declines in quality of habitat in some areas. This is due to: 1) severe invasion by alien plants into grasslands affecting some populations; 2) demonstrated reductions in the extent of grasslands and wetland habitats due to woodland encroachment and silting up of beels; and 3) grazing by domestic livestock. In Chitwan (the second largest population) there is clear evidence that poaching on its own does not account for the observed level of population decline (R.H. Emslie pers. comm.), and there are trends in a number of reproductive indicators (i.e., decline in the percentage of adult females calving and in the percentage of the population that is calves) that are strongly indicative of negative changes in habitat quality. In Chitwan there has been severe infestation of some riverine and grassland areas by the climbing Mikania micrantha (which covers over indigenous vegetation), and invasion of Eupatorium in other areas. There is also heavy livestock grazing pressure and disturbance in buffer zone areas as well as some invasion of grasslands by Acacia catechu and Dalbergia sissou. It has been reported that grassland area in Chitwan has been reduced from 20% to 4.7% of the national park (R.H. Emslie pers. comm.).
In India, there is not yet any evidence that invasion by alien plants has caused any population decreases. However, in Orang National Park, there have been marked habitat changes due to grazing, human encroachment and silting up. In particular, short grass areas have declined by 75% due to silting up and draining of beels (B.N. Talukdar pers. comm.). Mimosa is also an alien invader in this area. In the Karnali floodplain area of Bardia there is also some invasion of habitat by the alien Lantana camara.
In Pabitora there has been an invasion of Ipomoea "weeds" into grassland areas (S. Dutta pers. comm.). There also has been an invasion of woodland into grassland and siltation and drying up of some water bodies. There also has been some human encroachment and very heavy livestock grazing. With increasing human densities this pressure is unlikely to get any less (S. Dutta pers. comm.). Analysis of satellite imagery has shown that there has a substantial increase in woodland (34.51%) in Pabitora since 1977 accompanied by decline in alluvial grassland (68%). This change of habitat is mostly because of natural succession process, livestock grazing from the nearby villages as well as improper management of the grassland habitat (Sarma et al. in press).
The West Bengal populations (Jaldapara and Gorumara) are affected by high levels of grazing from fringe villages, and there have been weed and climber infestations by Mikania cordata, M. scandens, Lantana camara and Leea spp.
The species is inherently at risk because over 70% of its population occurs at a single site, Kaziranga National Park. This area, is subject to poaching and tensions with the surrounding high human population due to human-wildlife conflicts (including conflicts with rhinos). The level of poaching in Kaziranga has generally not been at a level to prevent the ongoing increase in the population, but constant vigilance is required. Clearly, any catastrophic event in Kaziranga (such as disease, civil disorder, poaching, habitat loss, etc) would have a devastating impact on the status of this species.
Sex-ratio among the adult rhinos in Gorumara National Park is almost 1:1. As a result, intra-specific fights among the bulls are very common and these animals have a tendency to stray out of the National Park very often, leading to human-wildlife conflicts (S.S. Bist pers. comm.).
There are suggestions that the small population of rhinos in Jaldapara and Gorumara may be prone to in-breeding depression (S.S. Bist pers. comm.).
There have been proposals to dam the Bramaphutra River in Arunachal Pradesh, and should this happen in future this could very negatively affect the habitat quality and rhino carrying capacity of major parks like Kaziranga in future (by preventing or reducing the pulse of nutrients brought in by regular large floods). In Jaldapara Sanctuary, the River Torsa no longer overflows as a result of massive flood-control structures. As a result the water table in the sanctuary is receding and the natural water-bodies and wallow-pools used by rhinos are slowly drying up (S.S. Bist pers. comm.).
|Conservation Actions:
The species has been included on CITES Appendix I since 1975. The Indian and Nepalese governments have taken major steps towards Indian Rhinoceros conservation, especially with the help of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and other non-governmental organizations.
Indian Rhino populations occur almost exclusively within and around protected areas. In India, the species occurs in Kaziranga National Park (World Heritage Site), Manas National Park (World Heritage Site in danger), Dudhwa National Park (re-introduced population), Karteniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, Orang National Park, Pabitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, and Gorumara National Park. In Nepal, the species occurs in Royal Chitwan National Park, Royal Bardia National Park (re-introduced population), and Royal Suklaphanta Wildife Reserve (a very small re-introduced population). Strict anti-poaching measures are needed to maintain all of these populations. It is also important to reduce human-wildlife conflicts around these areas, and this might involve fencing. Many of the areas also require targeted programmes to control invasive plants, to prevent the spread of woodland, to safeguard wetlands through appropriate water management, and to limit the extent of grazing by domestic livestock. In Pabitora, specific recommendations have been made to increase the quality of feeding habitat of rhino within the sanctuary through meticulous manipulation and checking livestock grazing (Sarma et al., in press). Water holding mechanisms within the sanctuary during winter are crucial in terms of keeping moist grassland available in winter seasons, thereby reducing the number of rhinos straying out of the sanctuary and thus exposing themselves to poaching (Sarma et al., in press).
The area of Kaziranga National Park has officially been extended, although animals had access to this area previously as the original park area was not fenced. In West Bengal (Jaldapara and Gorumara), there is a programme of habitat improvement in old teak areas, weed control is being carried out in 50-60 ha annually.
With the support of the IUCN SSC Asian Rhino Specialist Group, an Indian Rhino Vision 2020 and a Nepal Rhino Action Plan have been developed. These cover a number of important and specific conservation measures, including: translocating rhinos to bolster struggling populations (e.g., Manas National Park) and to start new populations; improving security around rhino populations and reducing poaching; assessing habitat status and management needs; expanding available habitat through active management; improving protected area infrastructure; training staff in specific rhino conservation techniques; reducing human-wildlife conflicts; involving local people in rhino conservation; and implementing education and awareness programmes. Overall, there is a need for further reintroductions, thereby reducing the concentration of over 70% of the individuals in one large population.
|Talukdar, B.K., Emslie, R., Bist, S.S., Choudhury, A., Ellis, S., Bonal, B.S., Malakar, M.C., Talukdar, B.N. & Barua, M. 2008. Rhinoceros unicornis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T19496A8928657. . Downloaded on 21 September 2018.
|To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>.
|If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided


text:
Shipper: 3 sailors kidnapped off Nigeria are freed
Mar. 11, 2013
KANO, Nigeria (AP) — Three sailors — including two Russians — have been freed following weeks in captivity after pirates raided their cargo ship off the coasts of Nigeria and Cameroon, a shipping company said Monday.
Carisbrooke Shipping Ltd. of the United Kingdom said in a statement Monday that the men had been released after the Feb. 7 attack on the MV Esther C.
"The three officers were confirmed as being safe and in good spirits on March 11 after 31 days in captivity," the company said.
The company did not say whether a ransom had been paid to secure the sailors' freedom. Such kidnappings typically end with a ransom payment being made, usually in the hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Pirates attacked the vessel some 80 miles (130 kilometers) off Nigeria's coast. The company previously said the pirates stole the sailors' personal belongings before leaving with the three sailors.
Russia's Foreign Ministry previously identified two of the sailors as being Russians.
The attack on the cargo ship came in a series of escalating assaults in the Gulf of Guinea, which follows the African continent's southward curve from Liberia to Gabon.
Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea has escalated from low-level armed robberies to hijackings and cargo thefts. Last year, London-based Lloyd's Market Association — an umbrella group of insurers — listed Nigeria, neighboring Benin and nearby waters in the same risk category as Somalia, where two decades of war and anarchy allowed piracy to flourish. But as piracy has dropped in recent months off Somalia's coast, it's only risen in the Gulf of Guinea.
Pirates in West Africa also have been more willing to use violence in their robberies, as they often target the cargo, not the crew for ransom as is the case off Somalia. Experts say many of the pirates come from Nigeria, where corrupt law enforcement allows criminality to thrive and there's a bustling black market for stolen crude oil.
Jon Gambrell can be reached at www.twitter.com/jongambrellAP .

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Andy Murray got Great Britain off to a winning start in their Davis Cup tie against Croatia but the hosts levelled things up at the end of day one in Umag.
Murray eventually came through with relative ease against 16-year-old Borna Coric, winning 6-3 6-0 6-3, but had to work hard early on with the first set containing a 57-shot rally.
British number two Dan Evans - ranked 149 in the world - was then outclassed in his rubber against world number 35 Ivan Dodig, losing 6-3 6-2 6-3.
"The first five or six games were tough," Murray told Eurosport.
"I wanted to try and make the points long and make it challenging for him physically, which I did, but I missed a few shots early on, maybe playing with too much spin.
Once I got the break, I then won quite a few games in a row, but lost concentration at the start of the third. It's okay. It will get better.
"But he was solid. He didn't make many mistakes, fought for every point, and when he gets physically stronger he is going to be a very tough player."
US Open junior champion Coroc was making his Davis Cup debut as a stand in for Marin Cilic, who was unavailable.
Murray, making his first Davis Cup appearance for two years, appeared to be suffering some back pain in the third set.
"My back is a little bit sore - the change of surface is difficult, but after a couple more matches I'll have some time to rest, so let's just get the win this weekend," said the world number three.
Evans, who recently broke into the world's top 150 for the first time after reaching the US Open third round, struggled against a far superior opponent.
Saturday will see the doubles contested with the reverse singles on Sunday, and Murray is expected to pair up with Colin Fleming tomorrow.
The tie's winner will advance to the elite World Group, a level which Britain have not reached since 2008.
Reflecting on the opening day's action, GB captain Leon Smith said: "Not a surprise after day one, it is where we expected and both favourites won.
"Whoever we put out to play tomorrow, I'm confident we will do well and as I said before, it will be the key rubber."
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text:
Sun, 10 February 2013
You know it has been a long since you've done a podcast when you have to go back to your own site to find out the next episode number. This is episode 69 of the Live Music Podcast.
Welcome back everyone and I'm glad you are joining me once again after so long. It would be rude to not at least acknowledge the extended absence from the podcast world so lets go over that real quick. If I had to pick one reason that I stopped and I'm sure this is true for any others who have pod faded is just a lack of time and energy to put into it. This was compounded by some health issues that have since been put to bed and ultimately I just wasn't listening to as much live music recordings as I was did. Sure there were a few occasionally that I would jot down for a potential future episode but nothing much came of those. I also thought that if I did come back I could cut out a lot of the extra monotonous work that really wasn't all that necessary.
So why am I back now. Really it was just a what the hell I'm going to do a podcast moment. Unfortunately this does not mean that I will be returning to regularly producing podcasts again like in the old days. I just have too many other commitments that take precedence over this and in all likelihood it may be a 2-3 episodes a year kind of thing which is much more than I was doing. There are at least a few new artists that I have my eye on podcasting, Nicki Bluhm and the Gramblers definitely comes to mind.
As far as these other commitments a big part of that is starting a recipe and health blog at slowcarbchef.com. Switching to the the Slow Carb diet was an enormous part of getting me out of my health funk and in that process I became very passionate about eat healthy and cooking. So please check that out if you are interested.
In closing I want to thank you for understanding on the abrupt stoppage without explanation. I got a few messages curious about if there were going to be new episodes but nothing negative so I appreciate that.
The music for this episode features a band that I have listened to more and more since the last podcast and although I don't usually like to pick favorites if you pressed I would have to say they currently are at the top of the list for me.
This concert was recorded at the Firefly Festival in Dover, Delaware on July 22nd, 2012. I hope you like it and please tell your friends to listen as I'm sure a lot of my original subscribers are long gone. Special thanks goes out to the taper for making this show available and please support the Black Keys by purchasing albums and concert tickets. Looking forward to the next time friends, thanks for tuning in.
The Black Keys - Dover, Delaware - 7/22/12
Song Listing
01 Howlin' for You
02 Next Girl
03 Run Right Back
04 Same Old Thing
05 Dead and Gone
06 Gold on the Ceiling
07 Thickfreakness
08 Girl Is on My Mind
09 I'll Be Your Man
10 Your Touch
11 Little Black Submarines
12 Money Maker
13 Strange Times
14 Nova Baby
15 Ten Cent Pistol
16 Tighten Up
17 Lonely Boy
18 crowd applause
19 Everlasting Light
20 I Got Mine
Direct download: livemusicpodcast_069.mp3
Category:Podcasts -- posted at: 8:13am EDT
Fri, 15 July 2011
Thanks for helping this podcast reach a major milestone!
Category:Other -- posted at: 11:30am EDT
Sat, 25 June 2011
Welcome back, don't call it a comeback, to the live music podcast episode 68. It has been quite some time since the last show and without going into too many details it was a break that was needed but it is good to be back. After such a long time is was going to take a very special concert to get me going again and I think that is what I have in store for you on this show.
Michael Jackson Tribute - Kansas City, MO - 4/15/11
The Bands
Song Listing
Bonus Song Listing
Direct download: livemusicpodcast_068.mp3
Category:Podcasts -- posted at: 12:49pm EDT
Wed, 14 July 2010
I am very pleased to announce the Live Music Podcast Facebook page has surpassed the 100 mark. Thanks to everyone for joining up and helping me reach this goal! I am now one step closer to having more fans than the pickle.
The White Stripes - Manchester, TN - 6/17/07
The White Stripes - Indianapolis, IN - 7/9/02
Bonus Song Listing
Check out tour dates for The White Stripes here.
Direct download: livemusicpodcast_067.mp3
Category:Podcasts -- posted at: 10:39pm EDT
Sat, 12 June 2010
First off the Live Music Podcast Facebook fan count has increased its number to 96 and is incredibly close to my goal of 100 so thank you and welcome to the new fans. With any luck by the next podcast it'll be over that magic 100 number.
Check out tour dates for the Jack Johnson here.
Direct download: livemusicpodcast_066.mp3
Category:Podcasts -- posted at: 12:00pm EDT
Wed, 26 May 2010
I hadn't heard acoustic versions of any of OK Go's songs until seeing this, very cool. I do miss the laser guitars a little bit though.
Category:Featured Videos -- posted at: 4:00pm EDT
Tue, 25 May 2010
Here's a quick follow up video to the last podcast. Enjoy!
Category:Featured Videos -- posted at: 1:55pm EDT
Wed, 19 May 2010
Real quick I want to bring attention to the Live Music Podcast Facebook Fan page where the total number of fans is now up to 92. First off thanks to everyone already there, but I think it would be great to get that number over 100. If you haven't joined or know someone that you think might please let them know. To do this click the Like button on the Facebook gadget.
Check out tour dates for the Barenaked Ladies here. A massive amount of live shows are also available in the Live Concert Downloads section there.
Direct download: livemusicpodcast_065.mp3
Category:Podcasts -- posted at: 10:08pm EDT
Tue, 4 May 2010
Right now you can download the latest album from Backyard Tire Fire for only $5 on Amazon MP3. That's a very high rock to cash ratio.
Category:Album Picks -- posted at: 11:08pm EDT
Mon, 3 May 2010
I wish I could have gotten this posted earlier but better late than never. Today at 5PM CST The Dead Weather will be performing their new album Sea of Cowards, streamed live via their MySpace page. Should be interesting to say the least.
Also Sea of Cowards will be officially released on May 11th so mark that date on your calendars!
Support the artists by buying music and watching them live!
Check out tour dates for The Dead Weather here.
Category:Feature Streams -- posted at: 8:00am EDT


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The buzz in Illinois is about drones — the small, remote controlled aircraft — and prohibiting their use to harass hunters and anglers.
Illinois legislators in committee approved a bill to make it illegal to use drones to harass someone who is fishing or hunting. The proposal was unanimously approved in the committee and now goes to the full Senate.
Drones aren't just used for high-sky surveillance by the military. Small models are available to consumers for recreation or, perhaps, some kind of surveillance. Some are used for filming movies and television shows, or to record events like music festivals or sporting events. They probably are used for some unsavory things, too, as is the way with society today.
But in Illinois, legislators are taking a dim view of anti-hunters who have said they're interested in using drones to watch hunters and anglers. The anti-hunters believe these drones will capture images of hunters (or anglers) doing illegal things although, most likely, they'd find legal, law-abiding outdoorsmen and women engaged in their enjoyable pursuits.
The Illinois bill would make using drones to interfere with hunters or anglers a misdemeanor crime. The state also could refuse to issue a permit for a drone (a permit? really? to fly a remote controlled aircraft?), or suspend or revoke a permit.
But according to this report, it may not be anti-hunters who are doing all the harassing. former Illinois Conservation Police officer Timothy Sickmeyer told the Senate committee that some of the "worst offenders" are fishers harassing hunters, hunters disturbing other hunters and vice versa.
"Sometimes that's almost an embarrassment to the establishment, but that's what does happen," he said. "This would help us give some teeth to help suspend those privileges."
Sen. Daniel Bliss, D-Evanston, sponsored the Senate version. House Bill 1652 is sponsored by Rep. Adam Brown, R-Champaign.


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Date published: 2013-01-07


text:
© ® The Nobel Foundation
IPCC honoured with the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize
Phone: +41-22-730-8208/84 e-mail:
In the private sector, the insurance and banking industries play leading roles
as investors, although they focus on different aspects of this business. The
role of banks is to cover the credit part (by providing loans), whereas insurance
companies act as investors on the capital markets, as well as in the property/
casualty branches; they also insure projects financed by banks. This section
focuses on the banking industry.
Environmental issues such as climate change may have substantive impacts on
the global economy. From a financial point of view, such problems are regarded
as environmentally induced economic risks (Figge, 1998). In general, the size
of the players, their diversification, and increasingly sophisticated techniques
of risk reduction make it unlikely that banks and asset managers will perceive
climate change as presenting any material threat to their economic viability.
On the positive side, banks could provide services and develop financing techniques
that accommodate and facilitate adaptation to weather extremes (e.g., private
insurance, catastrophe bonds, weather-related trading). Assessment of expected
benefits of an investment decisionwhether it is a direct investment, through
financing of an infrastructure project, or an indirect investment that involves
investing in sharesis core to financial institutions. Economic assessment
of an investment is based on three different factors: expected revenues, operating
costs, and risks. Climate change can have an impact on all three aspects but
is probably more important for the risk side of an investment decision (Figge,
1998; Mag, 1990).
Lending and Climate Change
Most private and corporate loans are secured by property. If a region becomes
more exposed to climate-related natural disasters such as floods or windstorms,
the prices for property could go downwhich could result in a loss of confidence
in the local economy and may even trigger a credit crunch (Grabbe, 1998; Heinz
Center, 2000). As an indirect effect, other types of business such as management
of private assets and granting of private loans that are not backed by property
also will be affected (Bender, 1991; Thompson, 1996).
In terms of the impacts of climate change on the banking industry, there is
no clear scientific evidence on how this sector will be affected. One view is
that the banking sector is likely to be largely unaffected by climate change
because the sector increasingly transfers loans directly to the capital market
through asset-backed securities and similar instruments. The major commercial
banks are large and diversified and are getting more so as the industry concentrates
in the face of global competition. They prefer not to keep any substantial portion
of the loans they make on a long-term basis. Instead, driven by capital constraints
and return requirements, they actively syndicate and/or securitize their loan
commitments (i.e., sell down the loans or shift the loan exposure to other banks
and institutions). Even the portion they retain is increasingly likely to be
held for a shorter period of time (a maturity under 1 year is better from a
capital requirement standpoint) than other institutional lenders such as insurance
companies and pension funds. The question still remains: At the end of the day,
who will bear the risk of climate change on investments? It is particularly
the insurance and asset management sectors that invest in asset-backed securities.
So the insurance industry may even get hit twice, first through direct losses
in property-related claims but also through impacts on their investments (Salt,
2000). Detailed information on what this increased vulnerability means for insurers
and asset managers must be further explored.
On the other hand, it is obvious that banks could be affected indirectly as
climate change affects their customers' operations, consumption, and financial
circumstances. Any investment activity could be affected if property insurers
withdraw coverage or drastically increase premiums, as happened in Florida and
the Caribbean. Sectors that are likely to be affected by a drastic change in
the local climate are agriculture and tourism. Warm winters in Europe already
have negatively impacted the performance of skiing resorts in the Alps and have
led some banks to review their credit applications in view of possible impacts
of climate change (Credit Suisse Group, 1999)
Table of contents
IPCC Homepage


text:
Titanfall R.A.T. 3 Mouse
TITAN READY - Are you?
- Gaming-grade 3500 DPI optical sensor
- 3 programmable macro buttons across 3 modes = 9 user-definable commands
- 4 user-definable DPI settings range from 450 to 3500
It's fast, and it rewards people who've kept their twitch-shooter acumen polished over the years - especially on the PC, where the mouse and keyboard elite reign over the leaderboards.
- PCWorld's "Titanfall (PC) impressions"
Here at ThinkGeek World Domination HQ, when we really love a game, we tend to optimize our rig for it. New graphics cards. Dedicated peripherals. If it makes us better, we go for it.
But before now, that just made us better. We play some multiplayer, but we also do a lot of campaign-focused soloing. With Titanfall's focus solely on multiplayer, dedicated peripherals make your whole team better. If your responsiveness is better, you're the player folks want to team with. And with so much 6v6 going on, we don't want our presence to slow anybody down. So we're opting for some Titanfall peripherals, because we are not about to be the last kid picked for the team.
The ever-popular R.A.T. mouse from Mad Catz optimized for Titanfall. Features a gaming-grade 3500 DPI optical sensor and 3 programmable macro buttons across 3 modes for 9 user-definable commands.
Product Specifications
- Titanfall R.A.T. 3 Mouse from Mad Catz
- Officially-licensed Titanfallmerchandise
- Features Titanfall color-scheme and decoration
- PC-compatible
- Can also be used with Macs: OS X 10.6.6+ (requires Intel processor)
- Gaming-grade 3500 DPI optical sensor
- 3 programmable macro buttons across 3 modes = 9 user-definable commands
- Custom profiles can be published to share and saved for later recall
- 4 user-definable DPI settings range from 450 to 3500
- DPI button lets you easily cycle through your custom settings


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What is PHP?
Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world.
What is Markdown?
Markdown is two things: (1) a plain text formatting syntax; and (2) a software tool, written in Perl, that converts the plain text formatting to HTML.
What is Rust?
Rust is a systems programming language that combines strong compile-time correctness guarantees with fast performance. It improves upon the ideas of other systems languages like C++ by providing guaranteed memory safety (no crashes, no data races) and complete control over the lifecycle of memory.
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8129 Companies Using PHP
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November 14, 2017
PHP drives 80% of the web
July 11, 2014 01:42
Rants about PHP are everywhere, but during the last years the language and the whole ecosystem has evolved.
The lastest versions support namespaces, closures, traits, generators and with composer a dependency manager that changed the way PHP developers work and collaborate.
July 12, 2017 20:39
define variables and hold URL string value
$URL ="https:// www.developphp.com; // Use php's"strreplace"built in function to remove what we do not want the value
$newURL =strreplace ("https:// www"," ", $URL ) // new echo out the new ajustéd value to view echo"$newurl"; ?>
July 12, 2017 20:46
define variables and hold URL string value
$URL ="https:// www.developphp.com; // Use php's"strreplace"built in function to remove what we do not want the value
$newURL =strreplace ("https:// www"," ", $URL ) // new echo out the new ajustéd value to view echo"$newurl"; ?>
file upload
July 13, 2017 15:41
$targetfile=$targetdir.basename ($file ["file to upload"]["name"]);
$imagefiletype=pathinfo ($targetfile,pathinfoextension);
//check if image file is a actual image or fake image
if (isset ($post["submit"])){ $check=getimagesize ($files ["file to upload"]["tmp-name"]); if ($check|==false){ echo "file is an image . " . $check ["mime"]. " . "; $uploadok=1; } else {
echo "file is not an image "; $uploadok=0; } }//end of isset ?>
file upload
July 13, 2017 15:46
$targetfile=$targetdir.basename ($file ["file to upload"]["name"]);
$imagefiletype=pathinfo ($targetfile,pathinfoextension);
//check if image file is a actual image or fake image
if (isset ($post["submit"])){ $check=getimagesize ($files ["file to upload"]["tmp-name"]); if ($check|==false){ echo "file is an image . " . $check ["mime"]. " . "; $uploadok=1; } else {
echo "file is not an image "; $uploadok=0; } }//end of isset ?>
Third Iron uses PHP
Legacy code that, although maintained slightly, will be phased out as we migrate the 2 backend tools that rely on it to other, more robust languages. See: http://bjorn.tipling.com/if-programming-languages-were-weapons
blueprintmrk uses PHP
Because it is required although the server is running HHVM every bit of code is PHP friendly it's an awesome synergy.
Artens uses PHP
Wordpress and custom scripts for website features such as wine & food pairing suggestions
SelectPdf uses PHP
How to use SelectPdf for HTML TO PDF Conversion in PHP: http://selectpdf.com/web-html-to-pdf-rest-api-for-php-samples/
Sup uses PHP
PHP is what powers the server and dynamic content pages. It may be old school but it works.
Suburban Express uses PHP
An older ticket purchase system as well as nearly all management tools are still written in PHP. It's a long process to migrate away from it given available development resources.
ivucica uses PHP
We happened to write the frontend in PHP. Hey, it was 2006, and we were high school students ;-)
softwareantelope uses PHP
Most used web development language, we use the latest version 7 which is about twice as fast as previous versions.
HaroldVillacorte uses PHP
Built an API with Composer, PHP Unit, Doctrine, Zend Validator, Zend Filter, and Stack PHP, and a PSR-7 micro framework that someone built called Proton that does not have any documentation.
ghost8472 uses PHP
To generate websites from data, and to serve my UI for defining that data. Also many small personal tools, such as icon converters (rather than bash scripts). PHP is my go-to tool for server side logic.
Scrayos UG (haftungsbeschränkt) uses PHP
As we use the Woltlab Suite Core, we are bound to PHP and use it with the PHP-FPM, version 7.1. We also use it for some WSC-embedded cron-scheduling and internal web-interfaces.
Clarabridge CX Social uses PHP
PHP powers 90% of our application; both rendering the front-end, as the background processes (data capture, processing, etc.)
papaver uses PHP
worked with php for around a year helping a client automate their backend and optimize their existing infrastructure.
kfancy uses PHP
PHP to me is a legacy technology that I have years of experience in, and can step back into when necessary, but I do not choose to use in new projects.
MarquisdeGeek uses PHP
Each to drop in lines of code, without worrying about full MVC architectures.
osu! Ripple uses PHP
We only have our old website still written in PHP - and hopefully that will disappear soon, but we do use that.
HomeUnion uses PHP
We started our platform with PHP as our back-end service layer using Zend Framework. Later on we moved from PHP to Java
Designhill logo maker uses PHP
PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages.You can use the php programming language for making a free logo creator.
Adminout uses PHP
PHP powers most of the CMS tools we already use. In the spirit of KISS we use php in most of our backend and web apps with only a few exceptions. The 7th rendition is faster than ever!
jakewtaylor uses PHP
PHP is the language we use on the server. We use PHP >= 7, as it's the fastest and most reliable version, with a few nice additions that older versions didn't have.
Dynamictivity uses PHP
Most of our platform is based on PHP because CakePHP is such an awesome framework. PHP 7 is a long time coming and finally a grown-up language.
ShadowICT uses PHP
We use PHP as our main backend preprocessor. Being a well established language, it is supported by a large community as well as a dedicated team of developers. It is used for much heavier projects that do not require realtime processes as well as being used in a hybrid system alongside NodeJS.
andrewgatenby uses PHP
PHP has been the backbone of what we've done at Visualsoft for years. We have lots of experienced people who have used it and know how to get the best out of it. It's come on leaps and bounds over recent years, and is the basis of pretty much everything we'll build with.
Ordius IT Solutions Pvt Ltd uses PHP
The reason being they are simple to learn and easy to implement apps on any size.
The learning curve for PHP and MySQL is less compared to MEAN. It's advisable to learn PHP and MySQL if you want to have a taste of web-development or you are in a hurry.
Sine Wave Entertainment uses PHP
We utilise PHP in a number of places - particularly third party software such as our forums.
kopatech2000 uses PHP
We are used the PHP for online food ordering system development ( Back end programming language )
Easy customize the modules and integrate the new features any time.
StackShare uses Markdown
We're using Markdown parsers for Reviews, Blog Posts, and Stack Description (the text you're reading right now). We're using Bootstrap Markdown for content input (except for reviews) and RedCarpet for rendering in certain places.
CodeBee uses Markdown
Users can format their contributions with Markdown. Great way to post tutorials with code.
Yaakov-Belch uses Markdown
By now, almost all my text content is created in (some dialect of) markdown. It's easy to process and extend in javascript.
stevepaulo uses Markdown
Markdown is how I format all my posts. Uses the "smart" and "footnotes" options.
WingTangWong uses Markdown
Markdown represents a highly portable and lightweight text formatting. I had converted all of my Wordpress posts to Markdown prior to migrating over to Jekyll and eventually to Hugo. The fact that many generators support Markdown means that my content remains portable regardless of the platform/engine I use.
romaninsh uses Markdown
We use this internally, but there is also Markdown CMS plugn-in for Agile Toolkit.
Undisclosed, Do Not Contact or Spam Please uses Markdown
We use NimbusKit/markdown as a convenience wrapper around NSAttributedString
gregorynicholas uses Markdown
wiki notes, internal how-to guides, technical docs, change-logs, release notes
Tinker Travel uses Markdown
Writing README.md's is very important to us. Also a lot of our content is maintained in Markdown (using contentful.com). We are also cool with
kfancy uses Markdown
Mainly for github Readme files, and occasionally for other documentation as desired.
jflynn33 uses Markdown
Because it is almost an effortless markup language without ever having to write an HTML tag. Of course, you'll want to use it in environments that make it look pretty (GitHub, etc.)
Dynamictivity uses Markdown
Markdown is awesome and becoming more well-known. It is also easier than using some proprietary markup language.
Marc3842h uses Rust
Rust is used in Shirogane (https://github.com/Marc3842h/shirogane).
Shirogane is a osu! beatmap mirror built for shiro. We use Rust because of memory safe but still low level and high performance.


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Great work making and finishing the model, guys! It's a great relief to see new Shivan warships being created and made public so quickly as well! It's very very much appreciated.I hope you have ideas for more Shivan ships, there's certainly a spot free in the Frigate (Between Corvette and Destroyer) category, after all. However, I'm sure whatever you work on next will be to look forward to.
Future plans include HTL Shiamak from Inferno.
There is a wrong file attached. It links to destroyed model of the fin, not to PBR assets package.
I was thinking about changing it's proportions during the modelling stage to make it longer, but finally I decided to keep original proportions. It's at least Hi-Poly version of existing model. It's pretty easy to make different Y scaling via PCS2.And every model looks... Cute in orto view Edit: Bryan - Your shield mesh is not working correctly. It's not mirrored, and it's too small. I'm afraid you have to set proper scaling of the model in Blender, as shield mesh is not scaling with rest of the model in PCS2.You can use my previous blend. Upscale it and shield mesh 100 times in Blender. That's the scaling factor I used to upscale the model in PCS2 after convertion. Than export the model to dae and import shield mesh to converted model in PCS2.
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Eidos Montreal confirmed it is working on Thief 4, which is spelled as 14340784.html" class="autolink" >Thi4f on the developer's website. This confirmation follows a story last week where the studio said they'd soon be unveiling a second project, which at the time was thought to be another Thief game thanks to previous hints. Eidos Montreal is also working on Deus Ex 3.
Stephane D'Astous, General Manager at Eidos Montreal, made the following comment on the company's site. "Were in the early development stages for Thief 4, but this is an incredibly ambitious project and a very exciting one. It's too early for us to offer any specific game details, right now we are focused on recruiting the very best talent to join the core team at the studio and help us make, what we believe will be one of the most exciting games on the market."
- Warfare 2 Trailer - Thief 4 - Mystery Footage - POP Film Update
Aside from the logo, there isn't much in the way of imagery yet, though an official site and message board for Thief 4 is now live.


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We're super excited to present to you the new Fafi x Undiz lingerie collection as the creativity and chicness backing the collaboration got us hooked on each and very piece featured in the lineup. The collection, which we might say packs some smile-inducing artistic prints created apparently by French artist Fafi, especially for the new limited edition lingerie collection. Although undergarments are not made to be flashed for everyone to see, studies have shown that women wearing sexy lingerie underneath their clothes are a bit more confide... Read More


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Purdue University Retirees Association (PURA) records, 1976-2015 | Purdue University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections
The Purdue University Retirees Association Records (1976-2015; 6 cubic ft.) document the history, growth, and development of PURA, the Retirees Association for Purdue faculty and staff. Topics include: employee retirement benefits, medical benefits, supplemental retirement income, employment options, volunteerism, and retiree activities.
Types of material include: correspondence, meeting minutes, printed material, reports, photographic materials, lists, ephemera, newsletters, and retiree surveys. The records include correspondence between PURA and Purdue presidents Frederick Hovde, Arthur Hansen, interim president John Hicks, and Steven Beering. Gaps in collection: Committees chronological files 1991-1994 are missing from collection. The Purdue University Retirees Newsletters holdings also appear incomplete. Please check with staff to see if missing issues are available in the bound serials section of the archives.
Series 1: History and General Information on the Association
Series 2: Annual Meetings, Minutes, and Annual Reports
Series 3: Awards
Series 4: Boards and Committees
Series 5: Directories and Rosters
Series 6: Events, Activities, and Programs
Series 7: Financial Information
Series 8: Membership
Series 9: Newsletters
Series 10: Policies, Procedures and Bylaws
Series 11: President's Advisory Council on Retirement


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10 Jun '13 to
31 Jul '13
Est. Cost
1,000 -
USD (USD United States Dollars)
Travel Partners Wanted
backpacking europe june 2013
hello! i'm looking for a small group (maybe 5-8 people) around my age to backpack europe for 2-3 weeks starting at the beginning of june, anytime between 10-16. looking to do a lot of non-traditional things but get a good taste of culture in each of the countries listed. we're gonna be bummin' it too, so low budget is the name of the game! get a hold of me if you're interested!
backpacking europe june 2013
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|Brick, N.J.
|High School:
|Christian Brothers Academy
2011-12: Two-year letterwinner ... will compete for mat time at 149 pounds during his junior campaign.
2010-11: Notched a 2-13 overall record as a sophomore ... logged both wins by fall ... recorded four takedowns and 10 escapes ... posted a pair of wins in the W&L Fall Classic.
2009-10: Logged a 1-8 record during his rookie season ... notched five escapes, two takedowns and one near fall ... received the D.C. Montgomery Memorial Award as the team's top first-year wrestler.
High School: Four-year member of the wrestling team at Christian Brothers Academy, earning one letter … named a starter for his senior season before having it cut short due to injury … received the school's scholar-athlete award following his senior campaign … four-year member of the Honor Roll.
Personal: Recipient of an ROTC Scholarship … has been a part of the Northern Ocean Habitat for Humanity for six years ... American history major.


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Aquaman: Bubbles Everywhere Sublimated Junior T-Shirt
100 In Stock
*Ships in 3-5 Business Days
Behold the Aquaman - Bubbles Everywhere Sublimated Junior T-Shirt. Now you can be part of the hype with this dye sublimated, officially licensed sublimated junior t-shirt made of 100% polyester. This sublimated junior t-shirt is perfect for a true Aquaman fan.This garment is hand-printed on the front and back using...
This garment is hand-printed on the front and back using a dye sublimation printing process. Each t-shirt is handmade and unique. Expect to have smudges and blurs over seems as well as areas of creasing near edges.
We offer over 60,000+ products and sizes by printing on-demand to offer the largest selection of pop culture t-shirts and apparel in the world. Your item(s) will be custom printed which means production time can take anywhere from 3-5 business days and does not include transit time.
For in-stock items, we will ship your order within one business day unless we need to contact you to process your order.$2.99 Flat Fee Shipping
All orders shipped in the United States qualify for our $2.99 flat fee shipping. Whether you purchase one shirt or twenty, you only pay $2.99 so the more you order the more you save!Return Policy
You may return a product for refund, store credit, or exchange within 30 days of the order shipment date provided to you by email. We do not charge any restocking fees. We guarantee every shipment we send out and we want you to be satisfied.
Sizing Guidelines
Our t-shirts and apparel come from different suppliers so measurements can vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. All sizes are approximate. If your measurements fall between sizes, size up.
How to find the perfect fit
Grab your favorite everyday t-shirt. Lay the shirt flat, and measure the chest and length following the image to the left. Find your measurements on the sizing chart below.
Click on the shirt style below for exact measurements:


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You Need More Than One Site Map
Something as basic as your web site's site map could have more of an effect on the success of your web site than you originally may have thought. So why is it that site maps are often taken lightly or overlooked altogether? Most graphic designers, webmasters and even Internet marketers don't grasp the many uses and purposes for a site map. And the ones who do might only incorporate one version when there is a strong value to having multiple types for different "audiences."
Continue reading
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Paleontologists have discovered a strange dinosaur: a relative of Triceratops with a humongous honker.
Nasutoceratops titusi, whose genus name means "big-nose horned face," roamed present-day Utah about 76 million years ago. The find sheds further light on the dinosaur communities that inhabited what is now the western part of North America.
Similar to its relative Triceratops, Nasutoceratops measured about 15 feet long and weighed about 2.5 tons. Its colossal 4.5-foot skull bore a single horn over the nose, a horn above each eye and an elongated, bony frill toward the rear. Its large, flat teeth were perfect for eating plant matter.
The dinosaur also possessed an array of unique features, according to a report published Wednesday in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
The bony cavern housing the Nasutoceratops's nose was remarkably large compared with those of other horned dinosaurs. But that doesn't necessarily mean the creature had a more refined sense of smell because the olfactory receptors would have sat farther back in the skull, said Scott Sampson, a paleontologist at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science who co-wrote the study.
University of Utah paleontologist and study co-author Mark Loewen said he thinks prospective mates found the oversize nose attractive, because the rapid change previously observed among related species is characteristic of sexual selection — when animals choose certain physical characteristics in a mate. This selection might have then fixed the trait within the species over time.
The Nasutoceratops's horns, which measured 3.5 feet long, were about twice as long as those of its relatives'. They were also curved and forward-facing instead of stubby and pointed upward. However, the dinosaur probably used its horns for similar purposes: attracting mates and intimidating or fighting members of the same sex, Loewen said.
The new species also differed in its bony frill, which lacked the "bells and whistles" of its relatives', such as horns or spikes, Sampson said. Rather, the frill was relatively unadorned, with a simple, scalloped edge, although it still could have served as a mating display. Sampson added that the Nasutoceratops probably moved its head back and forth, similar to how the modern-day peacock shakes its plumage to and fro.
Paleontologists unearthed the dinosaur's skull and other bone fragments at Utah's Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in 2006 while on an excavation to understand how Tyrannosaurus rex and Triceratops communities had formed. The region was once part of Laramidia, an island formed when a shallow sea flooded central North America.
Study co-author Eric Lund, a University of Utah graduate student at the time, spotted the bones protruding from the ground. For the next few weeks, he and the other team members worked on excavating the remains. After encasing the fossils in protective plaster, they hauled them onto a rescue board — the type paramedics use — and took them to Salt Lake City, where they used miniature jackhammers to chip away the plaster and remaining sediment. That process took about three years.
"When we saw the curved horns, we knew we had something pretty cool," Loewen said. Later, when he and his colleagues exposed the simple frill at the back of the skull, they knew that they had found a "completely new" species.
To make sure, though, the team spent three years traveling the world, comparing the fossils' physical characteristics with those of all known plant-eating specimens, some housed as far away as Sweden and China. Their analysis revealed that the behemoth did represent a new branch on the dinosaur family tree.


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Hello, my name is Darline Clark Gunsauls. Breast Cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women. While it is certainly a life threatening cancer, nearly all women could survive if they found it early. The University of California, San Diego Cancer Center and Deaf Community Services of San Diego together with the UCSD Department of Communication and Gallaudet University have created this Breast Cancer education program for Deaf and severely hard of hearing women. It is important for both communities to have a better understanding of breast cancer, how it can be detected in the earliest possible stages, and why early detection can make a life and death difference. As a deaf woman, I had a very limited understanding of breast cancer before I began to work with this program. As my friend Kathy Buckley will tell you, women who are severely hard of hearing also need to be offered a better understanding of this disease and what to do about it. Kathy will speak to Hard of Hearing women while I sign for the Deaf women.
Breast Cancer is one of the most frightening diseases women face. I know. Thanks to early detection, my chances of survival are excellent. I want other severely hard of hearing and deaf women to have the same excellent chance of survival that I have. Darline Clark Gunsaul has invited us to join her at a breast cancer training session specifically created for deaf and severely hard of hearing women. As a cervical cancer survivor, I know that the more information I have, the earlier I can find breast cancer and the better my chances of survival. Better yet, the earlier that a woman finds a breast cancer, the more treatment choices she will have. Darline's breast cancer education program is just about to begin. Let's join her
Today, I am here to explain about Breast Cancer and how early detection can save your life. Now let's begin.
If the doctor tells you that you have breast cancer, it does not mean that you will surely die. With early detection most women will survive breast cancer.
The body makes new cells to replace the old cells. Look at this smiley face representing a normal cell. When it reproduces, it usually produces other cells just like itself. Once in a while it produces a cell that is slightly different, like this smiley faced cell with one sad eye. It may take many more small changes like this before one change occurs which forever changes how that new cell will behave. Suddenly, this cell becomes aggressive in the speed with which it makes new cells just like itself. This cell is now behaving like a cancer cell and the growing accumulation of cancer cells is called a tumor or a lump.
The three greatest risk factors are being a woman, growing older, and having a mother, sister, or daughter with breast cancer. A small number of men also get breast cancer each year.
With early detection, breast cancer can be found when it is still as small as a bead on a dress. Late stage means identifying the cancer after some cells have broken off from the original tumor cluster and moved through the blood and lymph system to other parts of the body. It could be the liver, bone marrow, brain, kidney or any other organs. (Showing the beads/lumps:) These beads are like tumor sizes. The smaller the bead the less chance that cells have broken away from the tumor and moved to other parts of the body.
How big a difference does early detection make?
Now, imagine 100 women who have breast cancer from each group: (pause) early detection and late detection. Let's compare how many women will survive thru the years.
For early detection, after 5 years, 98 women will still be alive. For late detection, after 5 years only, 10 women will still be alive.
For early detection, after 10 years, 95 women will still be alive. For late detection, after 10 years, 2 women will still be alive.
For early detection, after 20 years, 92 women will still be alive. For late detection, after 20 years, it is unlikely that any women will still be alive.
Clearly early detection made a life and death difference for those number of women.
Yes.There are currently 3 ways to find breast cancer early: Mammography, Clinical Breast Exams, and Self-Breast Exams. Let me tell you what you need to know about each of these 3 methods of early detection.
The first method is mammography. Mammography is an x-ray of the breast. On a first mammogram, a breast cancer can be found that is smaller than the size of a pea. (Showing the beads).When patients have had prior mammograms, her doctor can compare the earlier ones with the current mammogram. Doing this allows them to find ever smaller differences. Women should have a mammogram every 1-2 years beginning at age 40 and every year beginning at age 50. A mammogram can also be done at any age when the doctor or woman feels an abnormality in the breast tissue.
Most breast cancer occurs in the upper outer portion of the breast.
Since the Breast Tissue extends under the arm it is very important for the mammography technician to gently but firmly pull all of that breast tissue onto the mammography plate so it will be in the picture. This tugging, pulling and compression will last about 15 seconds. Also do not use deodorant or powder before your mammogram. This can cause false images on the x-ray.
Mammography can find 85% of breast cancers. Because 15% of breast cancers are missed by mammography, it is important for women to also use the other two methods of detecting breast cancer early.
In a Clinical Breast Exam, your doctor or nurse practitioner will do the breast exam for you. Beginning at age 20, this should be done every 3 years. Beginning at age 40, this should be done every year for the rest of your life.
Beginning at age 20, women should do a breast self exam every month as a supplement to mammography and a clinical breast exam every three years. You do this check by yourself at home. Please make sure you teach your loved ones to learn how to do it, too.
You can call your local American Cancer Society, or the National Cancer Institute's 1-800-4CANCER for a good brochure.
There are several key points to doing a good breast self exam. The first step is to look at your breasts in the mirror. Are they both the same size and shape they have always been? Raise your arms and look at your breasts in the mirror. Then put your hands on your hips. Do both breasts still look the same? Is there any dimpling in any part of your breasts? The next step is to lie down on your bed and place a towel or small pillow under the shoulder of the breast you will examine first.
I just showed you how to lie down with a pillow or towel underneath you. Now I will explain how to slide your fingers along the breast. Do not lift them and move them or you might miss a change. Now repeat the process. Use a vertical strip pattern so you cover the whole breast, including the breast tissue that continues into the armpit. It's best to do a breast self exam after your menstrual period because the breasts are less tender at that time. If you are no longer menstruating, you can exam your breasts any time of the month. Please teach your relatives and friends how to do a breast self exam. You could help them save their lives.
First, 80 % of lumps are not cancer. But, further diagnostic tests will be needed. Additional mammograms may be suggested. Ultrasound is another diagnostic option. It is a completely painless procedure. Sometimes the doctor will recommend a follow up in a few months if these tests are not conclusive. A biopsy may also be recommended.
If a biopsy is needed, this will be done as an outpatient. There are two methods of collecting samples of the abnormal looking cells. In both cases the location of the abnormal cells is identified by mammography if it cannot be felt by the surgeon. The biopsy area will be anesthetized, just like you get when you go to dentist and have the local anesthetic for your cavitiy filling. The same process occurs. The doctor will use a local anesthetic so the procedure is as painless as possible. One method of removing a small sample of cells is called fine needle aspiration, also called FNA. In this case, a needle is used to withdraw some of the abnormal tissues out of the cluster of cells so they can be examined under a microscope. In the second method, a small incision is made and a small amount of cells are removed so they too can be examined under the microscope. If abnormal cells are found, treatment will be needed If the lump is large, the doctor may also need to take a sample of cells from one or more lymph nodes under the arm.
Why do they need to do that if breast cancer is what I am worried about?
If you have breast cancer, you and your doctor must decide what treatment will give you the best chance of survival. Knowing whether there is a high or low risk that the cancer has spread beyond the breast is an important factor in that decision. The first place cancer cells might get trapped is in the lymph nodes under the armpits, so the doctor will check there.
You said we have more treatment options when breast cancer is detected early. Will you please explain?
There are several treatment options. If the cancer tumor is very small a lumpectomy may be an option. In a lumpectomy, only the abnormal cells and a very small amount of normal cells surrounding the tumor are removed.. For larger tumors, the doctor can recommend a segmental mastectomy (graphic) in which a larger wedge of the breast tissue is removed. For larger cancers, the surgeon may feel that a mastectomy is needed. In this case the entire breast is removed. Sometimes also all of the lymph nodes from the armpit are removed as well to reduce the risk that cancer cells in the lymph nodes will grow and spread to other parts of the body. (Graphic) In the event that a mastectomy will be needed, women should also have a pre-surgical consultation with a plastic surgeon so that they have the option of breast reconstruction later.
In addition to surgery, there are other treatment options that may be recommended if the spread of the breast cancer is a possibility. These include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. Radiation is used to kill any abnormal cells in the breast that are not yet visible on a mammogram. Chemotherapy is used to kill any cancer cells that may have spread to other parts of the body. Hormone therapy can help. Sometimes a woman's ovaries are also removed since they produce the natural hormones that help the cancer grow.
Closing | Credits
Official Web Site of the University of California, San Diego.


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I just found out about this today.
I dont follow much college but even I have heard of JJ.
Matt Ryan is gonna have a field day with probably the best receiving core in the league. Defenses are gonna have a tough time.
This makes me
Windu or anyone else that knows about college players....hows our 3rd round pick?
91. Falcons, Akeem Dent, MLB
Yeh, Julio is tough...he's physical and he's faster than he looks.
As far as Dent is concerned, I've never heard of him and I watch a lot of football; but here's a SI.com link on him...
Edited by Windu, April 29, 2011 - 06:38 PM.


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Public Safety
Statement of Purpose
The Department of Public Safety at Mount St. Mary's University is a service-oriented, safety enforcement, problem-solving, crisis response organization. Its primary purpose is to provide a safe, secure and orderly environment in which teaching, learning and administrative operations of the university can excel.
The goals and objectives of the department are structured to support the mission of the university in general and the offices of Student Affairs and Human Resources in particular. The department utilizes a proactive approach in meeting its goals. Any real or perceived event that is, or has the potential of, disrupting operations, causing personal or property injury, or causing undo stress to a member or guest of the Mount St. Mary's community is our issue to resolve.
Service-Oriented / Problem Solving
The Mount community depends on the staff of Public Safety—the only campus wide 24-hour operation—for all after-hours and weekend problems. The department will assist: individuals in distress with personal and/or professional problems; departments with organizational requirements; and visitors. It also assists with special events needs and manages the university fleet. It maintains safe and efficient traffic circulation and parking procedures through the distribution of information, education and enforcement.
Safety Enforcement / Safe Environment
Although each member of the Mount community has a responsibility for personal safety and security, the department is responsible for providing a safe comfort level that meets their expectations. The department meets this responsibility by providing a visible law enforcement presence, prepared to intervene, protect, comfort and assist a victim of crime. In addition, the department, as directed by the Student Right-To-Know and Campus Security Act, provides educational programming, training materials, crime statistics and timely security alerts to reduce individual risk. The department ensures that security access-control fixtures and surveillance equipment are in place and operational. A visual crime preventive presence is maintained by means of vehicle and foot patrols of the grounds and buildings. Supervisors are schooled in criminal law and commissioned with the powers of arrest. The department maintains a close professional relationship with the local fire, police, ambulance and other county agencies that provide emergency support.
Crisis Response
All officers are trained in first aid, CPR/AED and physically able to respond and provide immediate first aid in medical emergencies. Officers routinely inspect the fire safety systems and are qualified to respond to an alarm, assume charge and, if necessary, order and direct a building evacuation. Officers respond immediately to incidents of a criminal nature. The department staff is aware of the sensitivity of sexual and racial incidents and responds with tact, understanding and empathy. As the department assigned the leadership role in risk management, staff will respond immediately to all unforeseen "acts of God" and other threats to operational management; provide for the injured and call needed assistance; establish control; and assess damage.
Training, a vital function of the department, is provided by qualified instructors from within the Mount community, the Frederick County Sheriff's Department, and other related agencies. Areas of concentration include, but are not limited to, nonviolent crisis intervention, criminal law, sexual assault, suicide, drug and alcohol abuse, work place violence, the use of force, crisis management, ethics, diversity and community policing. A yearly testing and evaluation program exists to monitor staff performance.


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Kiva.org is proud to announce its first partnership in Tajikstan, with Microloan Fund "MicroInvest" (MLF):
Microloan Fund "MicroInvest" is one of the leading non-banking financial institutions of Tajikistan. From the date of establishment in 2002, within the framework of the Fergana Valley Regional Microlending Project implemented by Representation of ACDI/VOCA in Tajikistan, MLF Microinvest has directed all efforts towards achievement of understanding, satisfaction of requirements, and expansion of mutually advantageous cooperation with the its clients. Small loans given by MLF Microinvest on no collateral base allow vulnerable families and microentrepreneurs to increase their income and improve their standard of living.We look forward to a successful partnership with MicroInvest and hope that Kiva Lenders enjoy being connected to this new region.
The mission of "MicroInvest" is to improve the standard of living of the population and create new opportunities for social and economic development by providing qualitative financial-technical services to entrepreneurs of Tajikistan.
The goal of "MicroInvest" is to maintaining its leading position in conditions of a growing competition by providing various lending products on mortgaging and non-collateral bases. Microinvest uses group and individual lending methodologies with wide geographic outreach and an innovative approach to work.


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Kevin Hart and Ice Cube couldn't have had more disparate paths leading them to star together in the new comedy Ride Along. One has spent the last few years making a name for himself as an actor and becoming one of the biggest stand-up comedians in the world, while the other came up as a hip-hop artist during the rise of gangster rap and has worked as an actor for nearly twenty five years. Their differing perspectives and experiences add a certain extra layer to the chemistry between them in their first movie together, but it also led to an interesting time listening to them talk at a recent press event for the film held in Los Angeles.
Set up in the front of a large room press conference-style, Hart and Cube took questions for more than 20 minutes, talking about not only the making of their new film, but also their career goals for themselves, and what it took to get them where they are today. What exactly did they have to say? Read on to find out!
Ice Cube's Parents Were Super Supportive Of His Hip-Hop CareerIf the last 30 or so years have taught us anything, it's that "parents" and "rap music" are two things that don't get along too well. It's practically become a stereotype that mothers and fathers don't like their children listening to songs with adult language about violence, and in many cases this is totally understandable. But when Ice Cube was first getting his career in music going he actually had the full support of his parents.
Asked if he has ever had anything to prove to anybody during his run as both a rap artist and an actor (similar to the character that Kevin Hart plays in the film), Cube revealed that he had no one but himself to prove anything to and that all along he had the full support of his family, whom he called "extra supportive."
Upon hearing this at the press conference, Hart was rather incredulous and asked if Cube's mother was okay with all of the curse words in N.W.A.'s music. "She was like, 'Why do you have to talk like that?' but she knew it was positive," Cube said. "She knew it was more positive hanging out with Dre than hanging out with the neighborhood Crips… so they were supportive from day one."
Of course, his siblings were a bit more skeptical about his chosen career path. "My brothers and sisters were still like, 'What are you doing? Who do you think you are? Run DMC?' So, it took them a while. It took a couple of checks to come in, take me rolling up in something new for them to respect me, to be like, 'Damn, how'd you get this?'"


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Leontopithecus chrysomelas
|Scope: Global
Language: English
|Scientific Name:
|Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Kuhl, 1820)
Common Name(s):
Leontopithecus chrysomela (Kuhl, 1820) [orth. error]
|Taxonomic Notes:
|The lion tamarins, Leontopithecus, are listed as separate species following Della Serra (1951), Rosenberger and Coimbra-Filho (1984), Mittermeier et al. (1988), Natori (1989), and Rylands et al. (1993). They have been listed as subspecies of L. rosalia by Coimbra-Filho and Mittermeier (1972, 1973), Hershkovitz (1977), Mittermeier and Coimbra-Filho (1981), Forman et al. (1986) and Seuánez et al. (1988), the latter two publications on the basis of identical chromosome morphologies.
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Endangered A2c ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
|Kierulff, M.C.M., Rylands, A.B., Mendes. S.L. & de Oliveira, M.M.
|Mittermeier, R.A. & Rylands, A.B. (Primate Red List Authority)
This species is listed as Endangered due to a severe population reduction which is estimated to be greater than 50% over the past 3 generations (21 years) due primarily to high rates of forest loss in the Atlantic Forest. Remaining populations are severely fragmented.
|Previously published Red List assessments:
|Range Description:
|A species of the Atlantic forest, in forest fragments in the state of Bahia, and at least formerly in extreme northeastern Minas Gerais. The distribution of L. chrysomelas originally extended between the Rio de Contas (northern limit) and the Rio Pardo (southern limit) in southern Bahia (Coimbra-Filho and Mittermeier 1977), but it has also been found south of the Rio Pardo along its middle reaches to the Rio Jequitinhonha on the border between the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais; probably a recent range extension due to forest destruction and the silting of the Rio Pardo (Rylands et al. 1988, 1991/1992). In the north-west, it occurs on both banks of the lower Rio Gongoji, a southern tributary of the Rio de Contas, but along its middle reaches, it is limited to the west of the river, and to the west of the Rio Novo. It crosses the Rio Gongoji, westward, again at its headwaters, occurring in the basin of the Rio Catolé Grande, a northern tributary of the Rio Pardo, which forms the westernmost extent of its range (Pinto and Rylands 1997). The western limits are defined by vegetational changes (mesophytic forest changing to liana forest in the west of its range) associated with an increase in altitude approaching the plateau of Vitoria da Conquista. The westernmost point is about 150 km from the coast. To the south, L. chrysomelas crosses the Rio Pardo, occurring in the lower basin of the Rio Maiquinique and east of the Córrego Pau Grande, south to the Rio Jequitinhonha in extreme north-east Minas Gerais (Pinto and Rylands 1997). The range of the Golden-headed Lion Tamarin extends over approximately 19,000 km².
There are two lacunae in the range, one in the north near the coast south of the lower Rio de Contas to the mouth of the Rio Ilhéus, and the other between the lower reaches of the Rio Pardo and the Rio Jequitinhonha (Pinto and Tavares 1994; Pinto and Rylands 1997). Coimbra-Filho and Mittermeier (1973, 1977) argued that the original range of L. chrysomelas extended south only to the Rio Pardo, and that deforestation and the silting up of the river (see Coimbra-Filho and Câmara 1996) has resulted in lion tamarins crossing it along its middle reaches in recent times (the last century), thus explaining its presence there today, and its absence between the Jequitinhonha and Pardo downriver, further east. There is no obvious explanation for the absence of L. chrysomelas between the Rio de Contas and Ilhéus to the north-east of its range.
|Countries occurrence:
Native:Brazil (Bahia)
|Additional data:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|The total wild population is estimated at 6,000-15,000 animals (Pinto 1994; Pinto and Rylands 1997). The estimated population in the Una Biological Reserve (7,059 ha) is about 400-450 individuals.
Recorded population densities include 5.0 individuals/km² in the Una Biological Reserve (Dietz et al. 1996), and 5.0-17.0 individuals/km² or 0.90-3.0 groups/km² in Lemos Maia Experimental Sytation, Una, Bahia (Rylands, 1982, 1989).
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|Lowland seasonal rain forest of the Atlantic coast of Brazil, restinga and white sand piaçava forest, and secondary forest. Also know to use cabruca - cacao plantations which are shaded with some few native trees remaining from the original forest. They have been observed in secondary growth forest in abandoned rubber plantations, but evidently always require old-growth forest for its abundance of tree holes, which they use as sleeping sites, and epiphytic bromeliads, which are key foraging sites. Lion tamarins are an adaptable species well able to live in degraded and secondary forests, depending on sufficient year round food sources and foraging sites, along with the tree holes they use as sleeping sites (see Coimbra-Filho 1969, 1976; Coimbra-Filho and Mittermeier 1973). Near the coast, in the cocoa growing region, there is no distinct dry season wth rainfall exceeding 2,000 mm a year (the heaviest rains are from March to June), but in the west of their range the forests are mesophytic with a distinct dry season, and in some areas the forests are semideciduous, with rainfall as low as 1,000 mm a year (Rylands 1989; Pinto and Rylands 1997).
Marmosets and tamarins are distinguished from the other monkeys of the New World by their small size, modified claws rather than nails on all digits except the big toe, the presence of two as opposed to three molar teeth in either side of each jaw, and by the occurrence of twin births. They eat fruits, flowers, nectar, plant exudates (gums) and animal prey (including frogs, snails, lizards, spiders and insects (see Rylands 1993; Kierulff et al. 2002a).
Kierulff et al. (2002a) provide a comprehensive review of the behavioural ecology of the lion tamarins. They differ from other callithrichids in having long fingers and hands, which allow them to forage for prey efficiently in nooks and crannies and in epiphytic tank bromeliads. Lion tamarins live in extended family groups of usually 4 to 8 individuals. Four groups observed by Rylands (1989) had a mean size of 6.7 (range 5-8) individuals. Generally, only one female per group breeds during a particular breeding season. They breed once a year. The groups defend home ranges of 40 to more than 100 ha (the size depending on availability and distribution of foods and second-growth patches). A group studied by Rylands (1982, 1989) in the Lemos Maia Experimental Station, Una, used a home range of about 40 ha. Home ranges in the Una Biological Reserve were found to be larger, from 90 to more than 100 ha (Dietz et al. 1996). The smaller home range of the group in Lemos Maia may have have been due to a higher availability of food due to surrounding secondary forest.
French et al. (2002) review the reproductive biology of lion tamarins, Baker et al. (2002) review their mating system and group dynamics (focussing particularly on L. rosalia) and Tardif et al. (2002) aspects of infant care and development.
Adult male 620 g (n=2) (Rosenberger and Coimbra-Filho 1984)
Adult female 535 g (n=6) (Rosenberger and Coimbra-Filho 1984).
|Major Threat(s):
With records of over 100 localities where L. chrysomelas still occur through the region bounded by the Rio de Contas in the north and the Rio Jequitinhonha in the south, more populations remain than of all the other three lion tamarin species combined. However, the remaining forests are being destroyed at an unprecedented rate for the region and the populations surviving are seriously depleted and fragmented. An important aspect which has contributed to the more favourable situation of the Golden-headed Lion Tamarin is the traditional and fairly widespread use of the "cabruca" system for shading cacao trees. Some of the original canopy trees are left standing, and this allows for connectivity between forest patches. If well managed, this could be an important management tool for future conservation efforts.
Threats to Golden-headed Lion Tamarins come from socio-economic transformations resulting from the difficulties of the cocoa industry (low prices and disease epidemics), that have dominated the region over the last 15 years, resulting in the expansion of alternative crops, notably African palm oil and coconuts (Alger and Caldas 1994). In the west of its range, the forest is increasingly destroyed and fragmented as a result of cattle ranching (Pinto 1994; Pinto and Rylands 1997).
A study by Dietz et al. (2000) examined inbreeding depression in small (50 or less) isolated populations of L. rosalia. They concluded that it reduced probability of long-term survival by about one-third. There is every reason to believe that inbreeding depression is likewise prejudicial to the isolated populations of L. chrysomelas, most especially in the western half of its range where forest fragmentation is extreme (Pinto and Rylands, 1997).
|Conservation Actions:
Included on the Brazilian Official List of Species Threatened with Extinction (Lista Oficial de Espécies Brasileiras Ameaçadas de Extinção, Edict No. 1.522/19th December 1989, see Bernardes et al., 1990; Fonseca et al., 1994), and likewise on the regional threatened species list of the state of Minas Gerais (Machado et al., 1998). It is listed on Appendix I of CITES.
The Una Biological Reserve (18,500 ha), created to protect L. chrysomelas, has an estimated population of about 400-450 animals, and a key strategy which has guided conservation efforts over the last decade has been to promote the preservation of the forests adjacent to the Reserve (Alger and Araújo 1996; Alger et al. 1996; Blanes and Mallinson 1997; Santos and Blanes 1997, 1999). Besides the Una Biological Reserve, this species also occurs in: Serra sa Lontras National Park (16,800 ha), Una Wildlife Refuge (23,000 ha), Lemos Maia Experimental Station (CEPLAC/CEPEC) (495 ha), and Canavieiras Experimental Station (CEPLAC/CEPEC) (500 ha).
There is a well-managed captive breeding programme for L. chrysomelas with a good founder stock (Ballou et al. 2002). Although not currently contributing directly to the conservation of Golden-headed Lion Tamarins in the wild, the captive population of L. chrysomelas, which arose from animals confiscated from illegal trade in the 1980s (Mallinson 1984; Konstant 1986), is an important genetic reservoir: a guarantee of a portion of the genetic variation in this species, while the wild populations continue to decline with ongoing deforestation.
|Kierulff, M.C.M., Rylands, A.B., Mendes. S.L. & de Oliveira, M.M. 2008. Leontopithecus chrysomelas. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T40643A10347712. . Downloaded on 24 September 2018.
|To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>.
|If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided


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Schoolhouse Style in the Kitchen
School might be out for summer, but not in these kitchens! Vintage schoolhouse style looks so cool and it's funny how often it can be applied to the kitchen. Take a look!
One way to get the look is with chalkboard paint in the old green color we remember from elementary school. Other approaches include metal chairs, vintage lamps, classroom clocks, and bulletin boards. We love taking lessons learned from schoolhouse style and applying them in the home and the kitchen above all seems a perfect place for it!
Related: Look! Chalkboard Recipe Wall
(Images: Attic Mag, Kitchenisms, Schwartz and Architecture, Country Living, Schoolhouse Electric)


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Select Laser Pointer
Please select…
The Presenter Expert's intuitive four-button design makes it easy to navigate your Keynote® or PowerPoint® presentation. And when you need to move your cursor, a quick flip of a button gives you full cursor control. The powerful 2.4Ghz remote resists interference and lets you control Keynote or PowerPoint from up to 150 feet (50 meters) away. The USB receiver stores inside the presenter so you won't have to worry about misplacing it. You won't have to worry about not being able to find the right remote button either, because the Kensington Presenter Expert has backlit buttons.
Offers full device control so you can use your presenter like a mouse, moving your cursor up/down and left/right on the screen
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Specially designed contours make holding the presenter extremely comfortable while holding it in your hand
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Jul 5, 2007 at 6:55 pm
Nice iroc man it looks great.
Mar 26, 2007 at 8:06 pm
Nice! I actually featured a convertible version of your car in the novel I've just written. See my garage for details of the book. Enjoy those Camaros!
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North Korea says it has suspended nuclear and long-range missile tests and plans to close its nuclear test site.
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March 16, 1933 - January 9, 2013
Middletown, NY
Theresa A. Horn, a lifetime resident of Middletown, NY, passed away Wednesday, January 9, 2013 at St. Teresa Nursing Home, Middletown, NY. She was 79.
Born in Middletown, NY on March 16, 1933, a daughter of the late Angelo and Eleanor Rosakrans Belfiglio. She was the widow of John H. Horn.
Theresa was a 1951 graduate of Middletown High School. She retired as payroll clerk at Calvert Coat Company, Middletown. Many would remember her years as a waitress in numerous Middletown restaurants. She was a member of St. Joseph Church, The Happy Seniors, Golden Age Seniors, Mulberry House, Middletown Womens Bowling Association.
Her daughter, Deborah A. Boyle, awaits her Mom at Heaven's gates as she preceded Theresa on December 21, 2012.
Her surviving children are: Dane A. Horn and his wife, Teri Pinto-Horn of Wurtsboro; Darryl A. Horn of Middletown; Darcy A. Hilleary and her husband, Michael Hilleary of Wurtsboro; Deidre A. Maurizzio-Morley and her husband, Jeffrey Morley of Middletown; son-in-law, Robert Boyle of Newark, DE; grandchildren: Vanessa Boyle, Bobby Boyle, Sarah Horn, Ryan Maurizzio, Corey Maurizzio and Nikki Morley, and many lifelong friends. She will be greatly missed. She was predeceased by her brother, Nicholas Belfiglio.
Friends may call from 2 to 4 and 7 to 9 p.m. Friday, January 11, 2013 at Morse Funeral Home Inc., 33 Railroad Ave., Middletown, NY. A Mass of Christian Burial will be celebrated at St. Joseph Catholic Church, Middletown, NY, at 11 a.m. on Saturday, January 12, with Father Dennis Nikolic officiating. Interment will follow at St. Joseph Cemetery Middletown, NY.
Arrangements are under the guidance of Morse Funeral Home, Inc., 33 Railroad Ave., Middletown, NY 845-343-6918 www.morsefuneralhome.com