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Sparisoma viride
|Scope: Global
Language: English
|Scientific Name:
|Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre, 1788)
|Regional Assessments:
Common Name(s):
Scarus catesby Lacepede, 1802
Scarus coccineus Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Scarus melanotis Bleeker, 1862
Scarus viridis Bonnaterre, 1788
Sparisoma albigaardi (Bloch, 1791)
Sparus aureoruber Lacepede, 1802
Sparus catesby Lacepede, 1802
|Taxonomic Notes:
|Westneat and Alfaro (2005) recognize the Scarini as a tribe within the family Labridae.
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Least Concern ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
|Rocha, L.A., Choat, J.H., Clements, K.D., Russell, B., Myers, R., Lazuardi, M.E., Muljadi, A., Pardede, S. & Rahardjo, P.
|McIlwain, J. & Craig, M.T.
This species is widely distributed in the western North Atlantic, and is very common. Even though it is caught in the multispecies fisheries and targeted in many places for its relatively large size, there are no indications of global population declines. It is listed as Least Concern.
|Previously published Red List assessments:
|Range Description:
|The species is known from Bermuda and Florida (USA) to Venezuela.
|Countries occurrence:
Native:Anguilla; Antigua and Barbuda; Aruba; Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; Bermuda; Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (Saba, Sint Eustatius); Cayman Islands; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Curaçao; Dominica; Dominican Republic; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Guatemala; Haiti; Honduras; Jamaica; Martinique; Mexico; Montserrat; Nicaragua; Panama; Puerto Rico; Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Martin (French part); Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Sint Maarten (Dutch part); Trinidad and Tobago; Turks and Caicos Islands; United States; Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; Virgin Islands, British; Virgin Islands, U.S.
|FAO Marine Fishing Areas:
Atlantic – western central
|Additional data:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|This species is common throughout its range (L. Rocha pers comm. 2009).
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|This species is reef and seagrass associated from 1-50 m. It inhabits coral reefs with clear water. It feeds mainly on soft algae, but has been observed to graze on live corals. It produces a significant amount of sediment through bioerosion using its strong beak-like jaws and constantly re-growing teeth (Gygi 1975). It is a protogynous hermaphrodite. It is found solitary or small in small groups. Young may be found in seagrass beds and algae-rich areas of the reef.
|Use and Trade:
|This species is caught in commercial and artisanal fisheries.
|Major Threat(s):
There are no major threats known for this species. Even though fisheries on these and other medium to large-sized parrotfish species in the Caribbean has been steadily increasing, there is no apparent global decline in population sizes (Friedlander and Beets 2008). There are however, severe population declines in reefs close to densily populated areas around Haiti and Jamaica (Hawkins and Roberts 2004).
Parrotfishes show varying degrees of habitat preference and utilization of coral reef habitats, with some species spending the majority of their life stages on coral reefs, while others primarily utilize seagrass beds, mangroves, algal beds, and /or rocky reefs. Although the majority of the parrotfishes occur in mixed habitat (primarily inhabiting seagrass beds, mangroves, and rocky reefs) approximately 78% of these mixed habitat species are experiencing greater than 30% loss of coral reef area and habitat quality across their distributions. Of those species that occur exclusively in coral reef habitat, more than 80% are experiencing a greater than 30% of coral reef loss and degradation across their distributions. However, more research is needed to understand the long-term effects of habitat loss and degradation on these species populations. Widespread coral reef loss and declining habitat conditions are particularly worrying for species that depend on live coral reefs for food and shelter especially as studies have shown that protection of pristine habitats facilitate the persistence of adult populations in species that have spatially separated adult and juvenile habitats. Furthermore, coral reef loss and declining habitat conditions are particularly worrying for some corallivorous excavating parrotfishes that play major roles in reef dynamics and sedimentation (Comeros-Raynal et al. 2012).
|Conservation Actions:
|There are no species-specific conservation measures in place for this species. However, its distribution overlaps several marine protected areas within its range. Fisheries for parrotfishes are permanently closed in Bermuda.
|Rocha, L.A., Choat, J.H., Clements, K.D., Russell, B., Myers, R., Lazuardi, M.E., Muljadi, A., Pardede, S. & Rahardjo, P. 2012. Sparisoma viride. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T190734A17779745. . Downloaded on 23 September 2018.
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The BAA Boston Marathon is the oldest continuous marathon. That alone makes it extraordinary, but in many ways the 118th edition on April 21 will be a different experience.
While the Boston Marathon has always been considered the granddaddy, must-do for runners around the world, this year it will be much more than a race.
In the aftermath of the events on April 15, 2013, the BAA and its marathon organizing committee, under the leadership of race director Dave McGillivray, have been handed the seemingly impossible task of increasing the field size by 9,000, not to mention maintaining safety as its first priority for runners, assuring the integrity of the marathon as a premier competition for world-class athletes, respecting the victims of the 2013 tragedy, incorporating security requirements dictated by federal, state and local officials, while also keeping the up-close, family-friendly feel of the annual event.
If you are one of the fortunate 36,000 to have an official race number, here is a glimpse of some of the things you can expect on marathon weekend.
The traditional Race Expo will begin on Friday, April 18 at the Hynes Convention Center in Boston. Spanning three days, the event will be on the third level on a much-expanded space that will accommodate the larger crowds. As in past years, runners will pick up their race bibs and the traditional runners� bag there. That iconic racer�s bag will serve as a symbol that you are an official participant, while wandering through the Expo. As you might have guessed, this year�s bag will not be the traditional yellow; it will be clear.
On Saturday, April 19, the BAA 5K will begin at 8 a.m. The 5K has taken on new importance this year, because there are so many runners who want to find a way to be a part of this emotionally-charged running weekend. As a result, the BAA increased the field from 6,000 to 10,000.
Additionally, there will be a Tribute Run at 10:30 a.m. for 1,500 invited participants who were impacted by the last year�s events. Then, at 11:30 a.m., it�s the Invitational Mile, followed by the Kids Relay at 1:30 p.m.
On Marathon Monday, most runners will begin boarding buses in Boston at 6 a.m. For the first time, these runners will not be allowed to bring along any baggage, including hydration backpacks, only hydration belts or fanny packs will be allowed. For those who wish to have a bag with warm, dry clothes at the finish line, there will be a baggage drop tent at Boston Common. Bags will be scanned and secured for pickup by the runner after finishing the race.
It all starts in Hopkinton, and Hopkinton will look different this year.
Along with the additional 9,000 runners, there will be a significant increase in security measures, and a huge increase in international press coverage. To accommodate the numbers, available real estate is at a premium. It was done once before at the 100th Marathon, when there were 39,000 runners. However, there was a staging area available at that time, where a school now sits. This will make for critical logistics planning, and precise timing.
Runners will be transported from Boston to Hopkinton by a convoy of buses based upon start waves. There will be no more than 18,000 runners in Hopkinton at any one time. Staging and emptying the start chutes presents an enormous challenge for organizers.
In addition to Mobility Impaired, Wheelchair, Hand Cycle and the Women�s Elite start, this year there will be four waves starting at 10 a.m. with the last wave beginning at 11:25 a.m.
Once runners arrive in Hopkinton for their wave, organizers have about 25 minutes to stage, start, empty, and then refill the next 9,000 runners into their assigned corrals. This will require crowd control and organization, even greater than at Disney.
Though the Boston Marathon course is famous for its downhill start, many runners at the back end of each wave will do a bit of uphill running before they get to the start line. The width of the road will be narrower this year to accommodate additional security measures, so the back end of each wave will stretch further down the hill on Main Street. Of course, the official chip timing will begin when the runner crosses the start line, but many will be able to claim they had just run an ultra-marathon.
Once the runners clear the start line, the course will look very much like it has in the past, that is if the runners can see past the throngs of spectators that are expected to be massive throughout the entire 26.2 miles.
Because the desire to participate in this race has been extraordinary, there will be very high diligence for "bandits." Unofficial runners are strongly urged not to attempt to jump into the race anywhere along the route.
Even though there is a tradition of spectators being up close and personal with the runners, you can expect to see many miles of barricades.
What about the Wellesley girls? Let�s be optimistic.
Once runners arrive in Kenmore Square, barricades will be in place for the remaining two-plus miles to the finish line. The final stretch down Boylston Street will have substantially higher levels of security, but spectators will still have the opportunity to cheer runners on across the line.
Once runners cross the finish line, many will have to make the long trek to Boston Common to retrieve their bags. New this year, the BAA will be providing a poncho-style garment to provide warmth to the finishers.
So, there you have a hint of some of the logistical changes coming to this year�s race. But that�s a small part of the story.
For most runners, it will be much more than a race this time. More than 5,000 will be returning to take care of unfinished business. These are the runners who were pulled off the course last year, just short of crossing the finish line. Many of these athletes have expressed that they won�t feel comfortable wearing their 2013 medals until the 2014 finisher�s medal is placed around their necks.
For some, the race will be in honor of victims of the bombings. There are also personal relationships with those impacted. But for all of us, it�s personal.
If you�re from Boston � and that has come to mean anywhere in New England � if you once lived in Boston, or if you�re a runner from anywhere in the world, you were horrified, angered and saddened by what happened last year. Big Papi � the Boston Red Sox� designated hitter David Ortiz � probably said it best, but it can�t be printed here. But we took personal offense to our race being targeted.
There will be 36,000 stories to tell when the race is done. A documentary film of the event has been contracted to help memorialize what will be the most watched athletic event of the year. News media from around the world will cover every moment of the race. But most importantly on April 21, it will be an opportunity to honor those who were impacted by last year�s tragedy, show the world our resilience and to move on, but never forget. We are after all Boston Strong.
Tom Licciardello is a founding member of the Merrimack Valley Striders. Licciardello has participated in 35 Boston�s and 88 marathons. He has also completed the Hawaii Ironman Triathlon. Professionally, he is a Certified Financial Planner and resides in North Andover with his wife, Lyn. He may be reached at email@example.com.
Boston Marathon update with two months to go
The BAA Boston Marathon is the oldest continuous marathon. That alone makes it extraordinary, but in many ways the 118th edition on April 21 will be a different experience.

subset: commoncrawl


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By Tarek Amara
TUNIS (Reuters) - Tunisian police fired teargas late on Saturday to disperse violent protests in the southern town of Sidi Bouzid, cradle of the country's revolution and hometown of slain secular opposition figure Mohamed Brahmi, witnesses said.
Tensions have run high in Tunisia since Brahmi's Thursday assassination, and large protests throughout the day were met with police teargas.
In a bid to stave off unrest amid intensifying protests, particularly in the capital, secular coalition partners of Tunisia's ruling Islamist party said they were in talks to reach a new power-sharing deal.
The spokesman for the Constituent Assembly, Tunisia's transitional parliament tasked with drafting a new constitution for the North African country of 11 million people, said he expected a deal in the coming hours.
"The trend now is to move towards expanding the base of power," Mufdi al-Masady told a local radio station.
The effort to reach a new deal by secular coalition partners of the ruling Ennahda party could help defuse increasingly hardline rhetoric on both sides. But so far, protests in the country have continued.
In Sidi Bouzid, locals told Reuters that angry protesters threw rocks at police.
"Hundreds of protesters lit tires on fire to block roads and they threw rocks at the police," resident Mahdi al-Horshani told Reuters by telephone. "There is a lot of anger and frustration at the situation."
Tensions have skyrocketed in Tunisia since Brahmi's killing, which came just months after another secular opposition figure was gunned down. Secular opposition groups immediately began organizing protests and demanded the dissolution of the Islamist-led government.
Their efforts have been fuelled by the recent protests and unrest in Egypt, which toppled that country's democratically elected but unpopular Islamist leader a year after he came to power.
The Islamist and secular movements also appeared on the brink of confrontation on Saturday night.
Thousands of secular protesters faced off with hundreds of Islamists defending the legitimacy of Islamist rule on Saturday night, in one of the biggest sets of rival rallies to hit the Tunisian capital in months.
No clashes were reported, but hundreds of police were standing on the sidelines.
Earlier on Saturday, police fired teargas to disperse secular protesters who gathered in front of parliament following the Brahmi's funeral.
Secular opposition parties are demanding the dissolution of the Islamist-dominated government and parliament, known as the Constituent Assembly.
Opposition protesters carried signs saying: "Leave" and "We won't leave before you do."
At a mosque next to the secular opposition rally, Islamist protesters came out in the hundreds, vowing to support the government.
The speaker of the Constituent Assembly urged lawmakers who had withdrawn from the assembly in protest to return to work at this critical juncture for completing the constitution. By Saturday, at least 52 had withdrawn from the 217-member body.
"I call on them to back down from their decision. It's not rational to throw in the towel just meters away from the finish line," Mustafa Ben Jaafar said in a televised speech.
"The constitution will be agreed on in August and the assembly will finish its work on October 23."
The death of secular opposition figure Brahmi, shot dead, came months after another secular leader, Chokri Belaid, was killed in a similar attack that stoked violent protests.
Brahmi's killing has intensified the divisions between Islamists and their secular opponents that emerged after President Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali was toppled in 2011, sparking a wave of revolutions that felled leaders in Egypt, Libya and Yemen.
Witnesses said one man was killed early on Saturday in an anti-government protest in the southern city of Gafsa. Violence also broke out in several other cities.
A bomb in a police car exploded in Tunis but caused no casualties, as authorities keen to maintain stability cast a nervous eye at events in Egypt where violence has spiraled since the Islamist president was ousted by the military on July 3.
Khamis Kssila of the opposition Nida Touns party said earlier that departing parliamentarians would begin a sit-in to demand the dissolution of the assembly and formation of a national salvation government - ideas rejected by Prime Minister Ali Larayedh.
Interior Minister Lotfi Ben Jeddou drew a direct link between the latest killing and the assassination of the Popular Front's leader, Belaid.
Aiming suspicion at a hardline Islamist, the minister said the same gun had been used in Thursday's killing as in the Belaid attack.
Authorities have identified 14 Salafists suspected of involvement in Belaid's assassination, and most were believed to be members of the local hardline Islamist group Ansar al-Sharia, he said.
The group denied any role in a statement on Saturday.
"Ansar al-Sharia has no links to this political assassination that was done as part of a known effort whose goal is to drag the country into chaos," it said.
Tunisia's political transition since the revolt that toppled Ben Ali has been relatively peaceful, with the moderate Islamist Ennahda party sharing power with smaller secular parties.
But the government has struggled to revive the economy and has come under fire from secularists who accuse it of failing to curb the activities of Salafi Islamists.
(Additional reporting by Fatma Matoussi; Editing by David Evans, Sonya Hepinstall and Peter Cooney)


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2009-10 Conference Primers: #25 – Atlantic SunPosted by rtmsf on October 13th, 2009
Ryan Dunn is the RTC correspondent for the Atlantic Sun Conference. Click here for all of our 2009-10 Season Preview materials.
Predicted Order of Finish:
- Lipscomb Bisons (20-9, 15-5)
- Jacksonville Dolphins (19-11, 14-6)
- Mercer Bears (17-15, 12-8)
- Campbell Camels (17-13, 11-9)
- East Tennessee State Bucs (15-15, 11-9)
- Belmont Bruins (13-17, 10-10)
- Florida Gulf Coast Eagles (14-15, 9-11)
- Stetson Hatters (13-16, 8-12)
- North Florida Ospreys (11-19, 7-13)
- Kennesaw State Owls (9-23, 5-15)
- USC-Upstate Spartans (4-25, 4-16)
Preseason All-Conference Team (all stats 2008-09 season):
- James Florence (G), Mercer 20.8 points, 3.7 assists
- Ben Smith (G), Jacksonville 16.9 points, 4.0 assists
- Jonathan Rodriguez (F), Campbell 15.6 points, 8.3 rebounds
- Mike Smith (F), ETSU 15.3 points, 7.7 rebounds
- Adnan Hodzic (C), Lipscomb 17.1 points, 7.1 rebounds
6th Man. Daniel Emerson, Mercer. Yes I know Emerson will not come off the bench but since he is such a good player and he wasn't mentioned on my all-conference team I wanted to give him some recognition. Emerson was the only player in the league last year to average a double-double.
Impact Newcomer. Justin Tubbs, ETSU. Transfer from Alabama, very athletic and should provide immediate help in the ETSU backcourt.
What You Need To Know.
While the A-Sun has 11 teams in the league, only nine teams are eligible for postseason play as Florida Gulf Coast and USC-Upstate are still completing their transition from Division 2to Division 1. This upcoming season marks the first year that North Florida and Kennesaw State will be eligible for postseason play as they have now completed their transition to Division I. Only eight spots are reserved for the conference tournament meaning that only one eligible team will miss out. This year's tournament will be played at Mercer's University Center in Macon, Georgia.
Some headlines that made news this offseason included a coaching change at North Florida as they named former Baylor assistant Matthew Driscoll head coach. Driscoll has put together quite the coaching staff that features former Campbell assistant Bobby Kennan, former Head Coach at Lander College Bruce Evans, and Jeremy Shyatt, former Director of Basketball Operations at VCU and son of former Clemson head coach and current Florida top assistant Larry Shyatt. Driscoll and his staff brought in nine newcomers to go along with six returning players. Five of the newcomers earned all-state honors in the state of Florida.
The league features two of the more premier mid-major players in Campbell's Jonathan Rodriguez and Mercer's James Florence. Both have a chance to rewrite their school and conference record books. Florence is the active leader for career scoring in the league with Rodriguez following in second. Rodriguez stands second on the Atlantic Sun's career double-double list with 39, and is just three off the record. Florence currently sits in fifth on the Mercer all-time scoring list. Both players should indeed break numerous records and if you haven't seen them play it would definitely be worth your money to see them in action this season.


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What Did Ian McEwan Do?
Nothing wrong, say the big-shot novelists.
Depending on your views of what the word authorship means, novelist Ian McEwan either plagiarized, copied, borrowed from, looted, was inspired by, drew from, or relied on No Time for Romance, the 1977 memoir of novelist Lucilla Andrews, for his best-selling 2001 novel, Atonement.
Nobody denies the similarities between passages from McEwan's novel and Andrews' memoir, least of all McEwan. McEwan says he acknowledged his debt by citing her book in an author's note at the close of his novel and in public when readers ask him where he gets his ideas from. But not even Julia Langdon, the journalist who publicized the parallels last month in her Mail on Sunday news feature, uses the P-word against McEwan. She tells the New York Times the novelist was "discourteous not to have drawn [Andrews'] attention to this when she was alive." Andrews died in October.
As a long-time magazine and newspaper editor, I'd have no trouble firing McEwan for writing as he did if he worked for me. Take a look at the passages, which I've reproduced from the Mail on Sunday and placed into this sidebar.
But McEwan's defenders mustn't judge him by the rules of mere journalism. He links to his champions on his home page, where his own explanation can be found. The defense goes like this: He's a novelist, operating in a world of make-believe, and storytellers have always been allowed to pilfer and pinch from other writers with impunity. Coleridge lifted from the Germans. Shakespeare ripped off everybody. And, they say, it's not like McEwan took words from another novel: He took a bit of personal history from a memoir, mashed it up with his imagination, to create his great book.
A posse of famous novelists, mustered by McEwan's publisher, rode into the pages of the Daily Telegraph—keyboards blazing—to defend their colleague along these lines. They included Thomas Pynchon, John Updike, Martin Amis, Thomas Keneally, Zadie Smith, and Margaret Atwood. "Fiction depends on a certain value-added quality created on top of the raw material, and that McEwan has added value beyond the original will, I believe, be richly demonstrated," Keneally told the Times this week. If McEwan really did nothing out of the ordinary, the authors campaigning for him would do him a great service to note the passages in their own books that rooked from historical sources in a similar manner. Don't hold your breath.
As Slate's David Plotz noted a few years ago, some minds inside academia minimize the sin of plagiarism because of skepticism about the idea of authorship and originality, "contending that everything new is cobbled together from older sources." Plotz goes on to comment slyly that these same scholars aren't so opposed to the ideas of authorship and originality that they don't put their own bylines on their scholarly work, implying that they'd howl like the damned if someone boosted their copy.
The trouble with charging anybody with plagiarism is that even if it sticks, it rarely does any lasting harm. Despite the ongoing efforts of Slate's Timothy Noah, historian Doris Kearns Goodwin has slipped out of the plagiarist's noose without a hint of neck burn. And as the Columbia Journalism Review's Trudy Lieberman discovered a decade ago, newspapers allow the most hardened plagiarists in the newsroom to get off lightly. If fact-finders can steal the works of other fact-finders and not pay, then what hope is there of shaming a fiction writer who purloins nonfiction copy?
So, let's set the P-word aside and read Andrews and McEwan side-by-side. Nobody can doubt that McEwan so delighted in what Andrews wrote that he sent at least 450 words of her copy through his word processor to produce 335 words of "his." He loved the specificity of her prose, bits of her dialogue, and even the names of the life-size models in her book ("Mrs Mackintosh"; "Lady Chase") so much that he pushed them through his computer almost unchanged.
Compare the most damning examples of evidence. First Andrews:
Our "nursing" seldom involved more than dabbing gentian violet on ringworm, aquaflavine emulsion on cuts and scratches, lead lotion on bruises and sprains.
Now McEwan:
In the way of medical treatments, she had already dabbed gentian violet on ringworm, aquaflavine emulsion on a cut, and painted lead lotion on a bruise.
I detect no mash-up here, no adding of value, and no "creative use," to quote Pynchon's generous letter of support. McEwan helps himself to Andrews' words as if they first appeared on the planet in one of his rough drafts. To protest, as he does, that her memoir served as "research" is a lie. McEwan rewrote Andrews' vivid copy and called it his own. The laugh of larceny is that the Booker Prize-winner didn't even improve it.
Plagiarism or inspiration? Let me know your views, which will be graded for originality at email@example.com. (E-mail may be quoted by name unless the writer stipulates otherwise. Permanent disclosure: Slate is owned by the Washington Post Co.)


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Studio Schools are a new type of state school model for young people of all abilities. Based on extensive research and best practice, they offer a pioneering practical approach to learning.
We offer a range of creative specialisms including Fine Art, Drama, Music, Printed Textiles, Graphic Design, Fashion, Media, Photography and Business. Qualifications can be achieved in A Levels, BTECs & GSCEs.
The Creative & Media Studio School is open to all young people who have a creative flare and are aged between 14 – 19 years old.
The Creative and Media Studio School was the first Studio School to open in the world in 2010. Since then it has achieved a series of fantastic outcomes for students. Today's news (14.08.2014) follows in that tradition and we are delighted
Chief Executive of The Studio Schools Trust
With this course we will be the fashion designers of the future; we now have the skills and knowledge to excel, nothing can hold us back.
I feel really privileged to be doing something I love with people that share the same passion. At the Studio School we inspire young artist's minds and support their creativity.
Fine Art Coach
My Art lessons in the Studio School have shown me that it's not what you see, but what you make otherssee; I've been completely inspired.
With the skills I have developed and opportunities I have been given in the field of Graphic Design, I am positive that it will help me to lead a successful life with a very fulfilling career.
We see Graphic Design students as the future of visual communication. Learning the correct skills now will give them the edge over others in the work place.
Graphics Coach
Photography captures life. I'm so passionate about the projects I am able to complete with the quality of resources we have available.
Photography Coach
Photography means I can make Art out of real life objects. I love seeing how my skills can create amazing pieces of work, it's very exciting.
Wonder if. Think 'why not?' Explore how. Learn from craft professionals. Apply Knowledge. Make it happen. Enjoy success.
Textiles Coach
Textiles at the Studio School has allowed us to express ourselves, explore different specialist techniques, find our inner creativity and apply it to exciting scenarios.
Teaching Business Studies to Studio School students has been one of the most rewarding experiences in my career, as they're learning in an environment where it all makes sense!
Business Studies Coach
Learning Business in the Studio School has helped me realise that Business is everywhere and has enabled me to see the world through grown up eyes.
Creative Media Production gives me the skills, confidence and experience to work with external businesses and create professional video products whilst gaining a qualification.
I use my Broadcast Industry experience to develop skills, work ethic and strong business links so every single student stands out.
Media Coach
Drama has really helped me to develop skills I can use in all my subjects. I've really grown in confidence because of the way I have been taught.
As a practitioner from industry, I am able to really support students by sharing my knowledge and professional practice.
Drama Coach
Music is a gateway to other cultures and traditions. Through it we explore the way new technologies have revolutionised the way we record, produce and listen to music."
Music Coach
It's helped me to realise the number of employment opportunities available in the Music Industry, giving me the skills to succeed in any profession. I've developed skills in communication, teamwork, cooperation and Music Technology skills.
Studying Fashion is not just about researching new trends, it's about creating individuality, something our students get the chance to do.
Fashion Coach


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© ® The Nobel Foundation
IPCC honoured with the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize
Phone: +41-22-730-8208/84 e-mail:
Arctic and alpine ecosystems are characterized by low human population densities.
However, they provide important goods and services locally and globally. At
the local scale, they are the resource base of many indigenous cultures and
provide recreation, food, and fiber to people in adjacent regions. At the global
level, arctic and boreal regions play an important role in the world's
climate system. They contain 40% of the world's reactive soil carbon (McGuire
et al., 1995); influence global heat transport through their impact on regional
water and energy exchange with the atmosphere; and determine freshwater input
to the Arctic Ocean, which influences bottom-water formation and thermohaline
circulation of the oceans. Alpine regions are important sources of freshwater
and hydropower for surrounding lowlands. Changes in these goods and services
would have socioeconomic impacts throughout the world.
Chapter 16 presents information on the effects of climate
on the physical environment of polar regions. The impacts of climate change
on high-mountain systems and arctic tundra are extensively reviewed in the SAR
by Beniston and Fox (1996) and Allen-Diaz (1996), respectively. This section
emphasizes the effects of climatic change particularly on ecosystem production,
carbon stores, biodiversity, and water flowwhich, in turn, can affect
the productivity especially of alpine ecosystems.
Arctic and alpine tundra each occupy 4 million km2 (Körner,
1999). Approximately 25% of the tundra is ice-covered, 25% shrub-dominated,
and the rest dominated by herbaceous plants. Soil carbon stocks in boreal and
tundra peatlands are large (see Sections 5.6 and 5.8).
High-latitude warming that has occurred in the Arctic region since the 1960s
(Chapman and Walsh, 1993; Serreze et al., 2000) is consistent with simulations
of climate models that predict increased greenhouse forcing (Kattenberg et al.,
1996). Climatic change has been regionally variable, with cooling in northeastern
North America and warming in northwestern North America and northern Siberia.
The warming results from a change in the frequency of circulation modes rather
than gradual warming (Palmer, 1999). Precipitation (P) and surface evaporation
(E) have increased at high latitudes, with no significant temporal trend in
the balance between the two (P-E) (Serreze et al., 2000).
Permafrost underlies 20-25% of the northern hemisphere land area (Brown
et al., 1997a). Ice that forms during periods of cold climate frequently constitutes
a high proportion (20-30%) of the volume of these frozen soils (Brown et
al., 1997a). Consequently, melting of permafrost can lead to surface collapse
of soils forming thermokarst, an irregular topography of mounds, pits, troughs,
and depressions that may or may not be filled with water, depending on topography.
Permafrost temperatures have warmed in western North America by 2-4°C
from 1940 to 1980 (Lachenbruch and Marshall, 1986) and in Siberia by 0.6-0.7°C
from 1970 to 1990 (Pavlov, 1994), whereas permafrost cooled in northeastern
Canada (Wang and Allard, 1995)patterns that roughly parallel recent trends
in air temperature. However, the magnitude of warming and patterns of interannual
variation (roughly 10-year oscillations) in permafrost temperatures are not
readily explained as a simple response to regional warming (Osterkamp et al.,
1994). Changes in permafrost regime probably reflect undocumented changes in
the thickness or thermal conductance of snow or vegetation, in addition to changes
in air temperature (Osterkamp and Romanovsky, 1999). Thermokarst features are
developing actively in the zone of discontinuous permafrost (Osterkamp and Romanovsky,
1999), particularly in association with fire and human disturbance, but there
are no long-term records from which to detect trends in the regional frequency
of thermokarst.
In contrast to the long-term trend in tundra carbon accumulation during the
Holocene, flux measurements in Alaska suggest that recent warming may have converted
tundra from a net carbon sink to a source of as much as 0.7 Gt C yr-1
(Oechel et al., 1993; Oechel and Vourlitis, 1994). The direction and magnitude
of the response of carbon exchange to warming may be regionally variable, depending
on climate, topography, and disturbance regime (Zimov et al., 1999, McGuire
et al., 2000). During recent decades, peak-to-trough amplitude in the seasonal
cycle of atmospheric CO2 concentrations has increased, and the phase
has advanced at arctic and subarctic CO2 observation stations north
of 55°N (Keeling et al., 1996). This change in carbon dynamics in the atmosphere
probably reflects some combination of increased uptake during the first half
of the growing season (Randerson et al., 1999), increased winter efflux (Chapin
et al., 1996), and increased seasonality of carbon exchange associated with
disturbance (Zimov et al., 1999). This "inverse" approach generally
has concluded that mid-northern latitudes were a net carbon sink during the
1980s and early 1990s (Tans et al., 1990; Ciais et al., 1995; Fan et al., 1998;
Bousquet et al., 1999; Rayner et al., 1999). At high northern latitudes, these
models give a wider range of estimates, with some analyses pointing to a net
source (Ciais et al., 1995; Fan et al., 1998) and others to a sink (Bousquet
et al., 1999; Rayner et al., 1999).
High-latitude wetlands and lakes account for 5-10% of global CH4
fluxes to the atmosphere (Reeburgh and Whalen, 1992). These fluxes increase
dramatically with thermokarst (Zimov et al., 1997), acting as a potentially
important positive feedback to global warming.
Satellite imagery suggests an increase in NDVI (a measure of "greenness")
from 1981 to 1991 (Myneni et al., 1997), although interpretation is complicated
by changes in sensor calibration (Fung, 1997). If these changes in satellite
imagery are an accurate reflection of vegetation activity, changes in NDVI could
help explain the increase in seasonal amplitude in atmospheric CO2 observed
at high northern latitudes (Keeling et al., 1996; Randerson et al., 1999). This
also is consistent with the increased biomass of shrubs in the arctic tundra
(Chapin et al., 1995).
Table of contents
IPCC Homepage


text:
Polo caps?NBA caps?NHL caps?NRL caps?NFLcap
Supplier Details
Free Member (2012)
[ putian, FU, China ]
Business Type: Wholesaler
Supplier has 49 products
Quick Details
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Living Food Farm Workshop
Let us grow healthier together!
Ron and Shirley Johnson, Living Food Farm founders, are coming to the Seattle area!
Come and learn more on how LFF's Raw Vegetables Powder can help your health! LFF's soil is chemical-free since 1979! Ron, with his 33 years of farming experience, will present in ASL!
Get $5 off LFF's RVP product if you RSVP (by email or VP) your seat before July 1, 2012! The $5.00 discount is good only at the workshops! Seating may be limited…
Where – ADWAS (Abused Deaf Women's Advocacy Services) conference room
8623 Roosevelt Way NE Seattle WA 98115
When – Friday and Saturday, July 13 & 14, 2012
Time – 7:00 – 8:30 PM (on both dates)
Questions/RSVP, please VP 866-326-1815 or email to firstname.lastname@example.com
For further information about LLF, visit their website at www.livingfoodfarm.com


text:
Order deadline first Monday in May
MANHATTAN — The Kansas Forest Service's (KFS) Conservation Tree Planting Program offers the public tree and shrub seedlings, as well as other items for use in conservation plantings. Plantings may function as wildlife habitat, windbreaks, woodlots, timber plantations, or Christmas tree farms.
Although seedlings are distributed in both fall and spring, spring distribution is by far the largest and offers both bare-root and container-grown seedlings for sale. Orders will be accepted through the first Monday in May, with seedling distribution beginning the second week of March. Non-plant items are offered throughout the year as availability allows.
The minimum order is one unit (25 seedlings). Orders must be placed in whole units — partial units or mixed units (such as one-half unit of eastern redcedar and one-half unit of Austrian pine) will not be accepted. There are limited numbers of seedlings available each year, and selling out is not uncommon for many species, so KFS recommends ordering as soon as possible.
To order online, go to https://www.kansasforests.org/public_saps/Welcome.aspx. (Be sure to include the "s" on "https".) Orders may also be placed by phoning 888-740-8733 or by mailing downloaded order forms to Kansas Forest Service, 2610 Claflin Rd, Manhattan, KS, 66502. Orders are shipped via UPS anywhere in the lower 48 states but cannot be shipped to Post Office boxes.
More detailed information may be obtained at the KFS website, https://www.kansasforests.org, or by phoning the toll-free number above. (If the links in this text do not work, copy and paste the URLs into your browser.)


text:
J.J. Hardy, Adam Jones homer as O's best Justin Verlander, Tigers
DETROIT -- After homering off Justin Verlander for the third time this month, Baltimore's J.J. Hardy was at a loss for words.
"Speechless," he said. "I couldn't tell you how it happened or what happened. I feel like I just kind of blacked out -- and I'm happy about it."
Hardy and Adam Jones went deep against the Detroit ace, and Manny Machado added a double and two sparkling plays at third base to lead the Orioles to a 5-2 victory over the Tigers on Tuesday night.
Verlander (8-5) gave up five runs and seven hits in five innings. He walked four and struck out five. Hardy homered twice off Verlander in Baltimore's 10-3 loss to the Tigers on June 1, and he opened the scoring Tuesday with a two-run shot to left in the fourth.
"I always pride myself on going deep into games and I want to," Verlander said. "It's just this year it seems like I haven't been executing, or there have been a lot of teams that have battled me really tough. But you've just got to turn the page."
Jones added a three-run homer in the fifth.
Zach Britton (1-1) pitched well for Baltimore after being called up earlier in the day to make this start, allowing a run and five hits in 5 1/3 innings.
"He was crisp. He attacked the zone," Orioles manager Buck Showalter said. "That's a tough lineup for a left-hander to go through. There are not any breathing spots there at all."
Four Baltimore relievers finished it off. Detroit put two on in the ninth for Miguel Cabrera, but the Triple Crown winner bounced into a game-ending double play on the first pitch from Jim Johnson, who got his 26th save in 30 chances.
Matt Tuiasosopo homered for the Tigers.
Machado hit his major league-leading 33rd double of the year and put on a nifty show with his glove, diving to his left to stop Brayan Pena's groundball in the third and diving in the other direction to make a play on Torii Hunter's grounder the following inning.
Hardy had three hits and his homer put the Orioles ahead 2-0 in the fourth. Machado led off the following inning with a double, and after Nick Markakis walked, Jones hit an opposite-field homer to right off Verlander to make it 5-0.
"We battled against him," Jones said. "Sometimes you get beat, and tonight, we beat him."
Machado also hit a single in the sixth, and he leads the majors with 101 hits. Cabrera has 98 after hitting two singles, but he was thrown out trying to stretch one of them into a double.
Tuiasosopo's homer in the fifth made it 5-1, and Cabrera came to bat later that inning with two on and two out, but he grounded out.
Verlander's ERA increased to 3.72. He struggled a bit in the middle of May but appeared to be back in form after throwing seven scoreless innings at Kansas City on June 12.
He was unable to build on that outing.
"It's been a battle so far, obviously. You've got that stretch of three or four starts where it was pretty frustrating," Verlander said. "I feel like I've been getting better and better and better. That's not necessarily going to work toward a perfect game. You're not going to get better every time. There's ups and downs and peaks and valleys."
Britton gave the Orioles exactly what they needed when he returned from the minors to make his second big league start of the year.
Darren O'Day got four outs in relief for Baltimore, but he also allowed an RBI single by Austin Jackson in the seventh. The Tigers then caught a break. With runners on first and second and nobody out, Hunter hit a grounder to Machado, who tried to tag Pena between second and third before throwing to second for a force. Pena was not called out, though, giving Detroit a first-and-third situation with one out.
Showalter came out to argue, but the point became moot when Cabrera and Prince Fielder both fouled out to end the inning.
Game notes
Michigan basketball coach John Beilein threw out a ceremonial first pitch. ... Machado made an error in the eighth, but it didn't lead to any Detroit runs. ... The Tigers agreed to terms with four draft picks from this year: RHP Corey Knebel, CF Connor Harrell, SS Steven Negron and RHP Chase Edwards. ... Baltimore LHP Brian Matusz retired Fielder to end the seventh with the only pitch he threw. ... Detroit's Rick Porcello (4-3) takes the mound against Baltimore's Chris Tillman (7-2) on Wednesday.
Regular Season Series
2018 American League East Standings
2018 American League Central Standings
|Kansas City
MLB News
Beyond the biggest names, future free agents get ready to cash in
The focus has been on marquee talents like Manny Machado and Bryce Harper, but Daniel Murphy and others should also get top dollar.
Alex Bregman wears No. 2 in part because Diamondbacks didn't draft him No. 1
Alex Bregman knows how to hold a grudge, saying he wears No. 2 for the Astros partially because the Diamondbacks didn't draft him No. 1 overall in 2015.
Royals go for sweep of slumping Twins
Three straight losses to the Kansas City Royals has left a sour taste in the Minnesota Twins' mouths as they prepare to kick off their final road trip of the season, a 10-game, three-city jaunt that will include stops in Detroit and Oakland.
Brewers look to solve the Pirates
With just over two weeks left in the regular season, the Milwaukee Brewers are still nipping at the Chicago Cubs' heels in the National League Central race while trying to protect their wild-card lead from the resurgent Los Angeles Dodgers.
Mariners, Gonzales go for sweep of Angels
Marco Gonzales will be glad to see the Los Angeles Angels again.
Rangers send out regular starter for series finale vs. Padres
Texas manager Jeff Banister has decided to play it straight Sunday afternoon as the Rangers go for a sweep of a three-game series against the San Diego Padres at Petco Park.


text:
hi! how are you? i read you listen to many bands that i like
Favorite Bands:
The Offspring, The Beatles, Weezer, Green Day, Nirvana, Barenaked Ladies, Foo Fighters, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Eve 6, Everclear, Sublime, Oasis, The Who, The Guess Who, Billy Joel, The Kinks, Journey, Foreigner, Tom Petty, U2, REM, CCR


text:
LONDON (Reuters) - Vodafone said on Thursday it would merge its northern, central and southern European regions into one unit which will be led by Philipp Humm.
Under the reorganization to take place on October 1, the group's successful Turkish division will fit into the Africa, Middle East and Asia-Pacific unit.
Paolo Bertoluzzo, currently the head of southern Europe, will become the group's commercial and operations officer. Humm had been the head of northern and central Europe for the British mobile operator.
"These organizational changes will allow us to improve the customer experience and develop our commercial strategy more quickly and consistently," Chief Executive Vittorio Colao said.
(Reporting by Kate Holton; editing by Paul Sandle)


text:
By Noel Randewich
SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - Top chip gear-maker Applied Materials forecast current-quarter revenues below expectations as it struggles with a slowdown in spending on chip manufacturing equipment and troubles at its solar and display groups.
But the company said it expects business conditions to improve entering 2013, "with orders projected to increase after bottoming in the fourth quarter," and its shares rose more than 2 percent in after hours trade.
Chipmakers worried about the global economy and wrestling with declining PC sales have been spending less on new manufacturing equipment sold by Applied Materials.
Applied Materials posted fiscal fourth-quarter revenue of $1.65 billion, down from $2.18 billion in the year-ago period.
It said its expects revenue in the current quarter to be flat to down 15 percent from the fourth quarter. The midpoint of that range is about $1.526 billion.
Analysts had expected fourth-quarter revenue of $1.576 billion and fiscal first-quarter 2013 revenue of $1.750 billion, according to Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S.
Applied Materials said it had a net loss for the quarter ended in October of $515 million, or 42 cents a share, versus net income of $456 million, or 34 cents a share, in the same quarter last year.
The company reported adjusted earnings per share of 6 cents, compared to 3 cents expected by analysts.
Shares of Applied Materials rose 2.57 percent in extended trade after closing down 0.58 percent at $10.30.
(Reporting By Noel Randewich; Editing by Bernard Orr)


text:
A white bus pulled into Mariposa Port, the corridor between Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Mexico; and its passengers, mostly men, filed out of the vehicle and walked along the edge of the southbound highway. They had just been deported. Down the road, inside a plywood shack with a sign hanging in the doorway that reads "for migrants," Jesuit priests and few volunteers serve a warm dinner every evening at 5.
On a recent night, a hundred people came to eat; they squeezed around three long tables. Among them was a young man with gold streaks in his hair and thick black eyeliner that had smeared on his cheekbones. He went by the name Perla and explained that local police started questioning him outside a gay bar in Phoenix. They asked to see his identification card, and when he showed them one from Mexico they took him into the station. He was deported a month later. Perla attended both middle and high school in Phoenix and was anxious to get back. He tried but was detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officers while trudging through the Arizona desert. He planned to try again, he said, but next time he would pay a coyote, a professional smuggler. His hands trembled as he slowly picked at his dinner.
At the next table sat Jorge, a lanky 23-year-old who had been living in California and working in construction. He was driving home from a job when local police pulled him over for a broken tail light and checked his immigration status. "I had a clean record. I paid taxes," said Jorge, who had been living in the United States for ten years. "They only pulled me over because they saw a Latino."
In the past year, Immigrations and Customs Enforcement detained 380,000 people who were in the United States illegally; 44,692 of them were turned over by local and state officers, authorized through a program called 287(g) to enforce immigration law. The program was created to investigate violent crimes, like gang activity and human smuggling; but contrary to the program's intent, many participating agencies use their 287(g) authority to detain undocumented immigrants who have committed minor offenses, like traffic infractions, or no crime at all.
The program was passed in 1996, as part of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act, yet it wasn't until after the September 11 attacks that police agencies began to participate. In 2002 Jay Bybee, the assistant attorney general at the time, wrote a memo opining that local police could arrest people for all immigration crimes, including minor citations and civil offenses, an interpretation that amounted to significant expansion of police powers. "Never in our history has the government unveiled a dramatic power of local law enforcement that we never knew it had before," said Jonathan Simon, a criminologist at UC Berkeley. At the end of George W. Bush's presidency, there were sixty-six police organizations with 287(g) agreements in place, scattered across the country from California to Massachusetts. More than half the participating agencies are based in the Southeast, a region that has seen sharp growth in its Hispanic population over the past two decades.


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A school consolidation bill that may make it more difficult for Chicago to close or merge schools is now headed for the governor's desk.
After passing the Senate in April, the legislation had stalled in House Speaker Michael Madigan's Executive Committee for weeks as incoming Mayor Rahm Emanuel reviewed it. It passed the House Tuesday but with one significant change -- an oversight commission will no longer have the power to undo Chicago Public Schools' decisions to close or consolidate schools.
Still, the bill, which came out of a year-long study by a legislative task force filled with community activists and lawmakers, would require CPS to develop a 10-year master facilities plan, something the district doesn't do now.
It would require the district to release a five-year capital improvement plan for its buildings, something community activists say the district tracks but does not release publicly. And, it would require school officials to announce plans for school closures, mergers or phase-outs by Dec. 1.
This year many parents complained that consolidations were not announced until April, long after the Dec. 15 deadline to apply for lottery-based magnet schools and competitive selective enrollment schools.
"The legislation was not meant to tie anyone's hands behind their back," said Cecile Carroll, co-director of Blocks Together and a member of the Chicago Educational Facilities Taskforce, which drafted recommendations for the bill. "What we were seeing was that some schools were getting large capital investments and then they would close and re-open as charter and contract schools. This would help us see and prevent the moving of money to a neighborhood (school) building that then becomes a charter building."
State Senator William Delgado, D-Chicago, who helped start the task force with Rep. Cynthia Soto, D-Chicago, one of the co-authors of the bill, said he was surprised by the new mayor's willingness to work on the legislation and not just oppose it.
"It's refreshing that Mayor Emanuel's team is listening and they agreed upon many things," Delgado said. "Prior to this, CPS was disrupting a lot of communities and making unilateral decisions to close schools so we needed to put a policy in place. This is a start."


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The MCRT® 79000V series was developed to accurately measure torque when the ratio of peak torque to average torque is high. In that situation, a conventional torquemeter must be oversized to avoid damage – a process which greatly reduces accuracy. Conditions that create high peak to average ratios include starting, stopping or reversing inertial loads, torsional oscillations, and diesel and single cylinder engine/compressor drives. Additionally, when peak torques are unknown, an MCRT® 79000V reduces the risk of damage from unexpected or accidental torque spikes.
An MCRT® 79000V can accurately measure low running torque and high transient spikes without the expense of using several conventional sensors. Furthermore, these products are hardened to the intense electromagnetic interference (EMI) often generated by modern, IGBT-based adjustable speed drives/controls.
These torquemeters use patented Himmelstein technology newly refined to achieve MCRT® 79000V performance. Rotary transformers connect torque sensing strain gages to stationary circuitry without contact. Transformers don't generate noise or wear. They are immune to noise, dirt and lubricants and provide long, maintenance-free life. Unlike ferrite transformers, Himmelsteins' robust, non-ferrite design isn't susceptible to cracking and impact damage. MCRT® 79000V sensors are suitable for diesel service and other hostile environments.
RFI shielded circuitry, improved EMI tolerance, and the high level output with low source impedance further enhance noise immunity. Simple cabling yields calibration and balance truly free of cable effects. There are no slip rings, brushes, radio transmitters or other limited-life, noise-generating elements.
|Low Range Performance
|High Range Performance
Nonlinearity (end point method, % of Range)
Hysteresis(% of Range)
Nonrepeatability(% of Range)
Combined Error (guaranteed combined non-linearity, hysteresis and non-repeatability, % of Range)
Rotational Effect on Zero (% of Range)
Remote1 Calibration Error (% of Range @ 75 deg. F., traceable to NIST)
Temperature Effects:
Zero (% of Range/deg. F.)
Span (% of Rdg./deg. F.)
Compensated Range
|+75 to +175 deg. F.
Minimum Usable Range
-25 to +185 deg. F
Storage Range
|-65 to +225 deg. F.
Outputs: Fully bi-directional, dual outputs for each range with common characteristics, as follows
Clockwise (CW) Torque²,³ (Volts)
+5 standard, or +10 Option L
Counterclockwise (CCW) Torque²,³ (Volts)
- 5 standard, or - 10 Option L
Minimum Resistive Load
|10 kΩ
|Maximum Capacitive Load
0.05 μF
Source Impedance
|Overrange³ (% of Range)
|Zero Control Range
|±5% of Range, nominal
|Span Control Range
|±5% of Range, nominal
|Supply Voltage5 (Volts dc)
|10.5 to 24 standard, 18 to 24 Option L.
|Supply Voltage5
|100 mA, nominal
|Power Supply Effect
|<0.01% of Range/volt
|Measurement Bandwidth4
High Frequency Output: dc to 500Hz, Low Frequency Output: dc to 1 Hz; both outputs are simultaneously available on each range
|Output Noise (rms, % of Range)
|0.10 @ 500 Hz. output, 0.02 @ 1 Hz output