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1 Praise the Lord.[a]
Praise the Lord, you his servants;
praise the name of the Lord.
2 Let the name of the Lord be praised,
both now and forevermore.
3 From the rising of the sun to the place where it sets,
the name of the Lord is to be praised.
4 The Lord is exalted over all the nations,
his glory above the heavens.
5 Who is like the Lord our God,
the One who sits enthroned on high,
6 who stoops down to look
on the heavens and the earth?
7 He raises the poor from the dust
and lifts the needy from the ash heap;
8 he seats them with princes,
with the princes of his people.
9 He settles the childless woman in her home
as a happy mother of children.
Praise the Lord.
1 When Israel came out of Egypt,
Jacob from a people of foreign tongue,
2 Judah became God's sanctuary,
Israel his dominion.
3 The sea looked and fled,
the Jordan turned back;
4 the mountains leaped like rams,
the hills like lambs.
5 Why was it, sea, that you fled?
Why, Jordan, did you turn back?
6 Why, mountains, did you leap like rams,
you hills, like lambs?
7 Tremble, earth, at the presence of the Lord,
at the presence of the God of Jacob,
8 who turned the rock into a pool,
the hard rock into springs of water.
1 Not to us, Lord, not to us
but to your name be the glory,
because of your love and faithfulness.
2 Why do the nations say,
"Where is their God?"
3 Our God is in heaven;
he does whatever pleases him.
4 But their idols are silver and gold,
made by human hands.
5 They have mouths, but cannot speak,
eyes, but cannot see.
6 They have ears, but cannot hear,
noses, but cannot smell.
7 They have hands, but cannot feel,
feet, but cannot walk,
nor can they utter a sound with their throats.
8 Those who make them will be like them,
and so will all who trust in them.
9 All you Israelites, trust in the Lord—
he is their help and shield.
10 House of Aaron, trust in the Lord—
he is their help and shield.
11 You who fear him, trust in the Lord—
he is their help and shield.
12 The Lord remembers us and will bless us:
He will bless his people Israel,
he will bless the house of Aaron,
13 he will bless those who fear the Lord—
small and great alike.
14 May the Lord cause you to flourish,
both you and your children.
15 May you be blessed by the Lord,
the Maker of heaven and earth.
16 The highest heavens belong to the Lord,
but the earth he has given to mankind.
17 It is not the dead who praise the Lord,
those who go down to the place of silence;
18 it is we who extol the Lord,
both now and forevermore.
Praise the Lord.[b]
6 If any of you has a dispute with another, do you dare to take it before the ungodly for judgment instead of before the Lord's people? 2 Or do you not know that the Lord's people will judge the world? And if you are to judge the world, are you not competent to judge trivial cases? 3 Do you not know that we will judge angels? How much more the things of this life! 4 Therefore, if you have disputes about such matters, do you ask for a ruling from those whose way of life is scorned in the church? 5 I say this to shame you. Is it possible that there is nobody among you wise enough to judge a dispute between believers? 6 But instead, one brother takes another to court—and this in front of unbelievers!
7 The very fact that you have lawsuits among you means you have been completely defeated already. Why not rather be wronged? Why not rather be cheated? 8 Instead, you yourselves cheat and do wrong, and you do this to your brothers and sisters. 9 Or do you not know that wrongdoers will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor men who have sex with men[a] 10 nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God. 11 And that is what some of you were. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God.
12 "I have the right to do anything," you say—but not everything is beneficial. "I have the right to do anything"—but I will not be mastered by anything. 13 You say, "Food for the stomach and the stomach for food, and God will destroy them both." The body, however, is not meant for sexual immorality but for the Lord, and the Lord for the body. 14 By his power God raised the Lord from the dead, and he will raise us also. 15 Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ himself? Shall I then take the members of Christ and unite them with a prostitute? Never! 16 Do you not know that he who unites himself with a prostitute is one with her in body? For it is said, "The two will become one flesh."[b] 17 But whoever is united with the Lord is one with him in spirit.[c]
18 Flee from sexual immorality. All other sins a person commits are outside the body, but whoever sins sexually, sins against their own body. 19 Do you not know that your bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; 20 you were bought at a price. Therefore honor God with your bodies.
Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica


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material, weight of fabric(light or heavy)color,s
100% cotton casual cotton pants for unisex

subset: commoncrawl


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Inquirer staff writer Jeff Shields writes:
A zoning change that would allow the tallest building in Philadelphia to rise next door to the Comcast Tower gained unanimous approval at a City Council committee this morning.
The Council's Committee on Rules approved a zoning change that would allow the American Commerce Center, a 1,500 foot tower above office space, a hotel and retail, to rise at the block bordered by Arch, Cuthbert, 18th and 19th streets.
Over strong opposition by residents of the neighborhing Kennedy House, who said the zoning allows for a much more intense development than was intended for the area, the committee voted 9-0 to recommend the change to full Council, which could give final approval Dec. 11.
City Councilman Darrell Clarke said the project would have to submit a plan of development to the Planning Commission and return to Council for final approval
Read more breaking news in our From The Source blog.


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OGDEN, Utah (AP) — A Utah man shot in the head during a Father's Day Mass was upgraded to fair condition Tuesday — just a few hours after his son-in-law was charged with attempted homicide in the shooting.
On his 66th birthday, James Evans was moved out of the intensive care unit at McDay-Dee Hospital in Ogden, another step in what doctors expect to be a full recovery. The bullet police say was fired at point-blank range by his son-in-law, Charles "Ricky" Jennings Jr., remarkably missed his brain, entering near his ear and exiting out his cheek.
Evans' wife, Tara, who was standing beside him, said if her husband hadn't turned his head when he did, he would have been killed.
Doctors said Evans will need reconstructive surgery and rehab to learn to swallow and speak again. He has been awake, nodding yes and no, writing and using hand signals to communicate.
Jennings, 35, is in jail on $105,000 cash-only bail. He made a brief court Tuesday appearance by video. He was charged Tuesday in Weber County with attempted murder, two counts each of aggravated burglary and aggravated robbery, and possession of a firearm by a restricted person.
His next court hearing has been set for Thursday afternoon. Attempts by The Associated Press to reach Jennings' attorney were not immediately successful. He has not yet entered a plea.
The shooting occurred during a quiet part of the Father's Day Mass as about 300 people stood up in preparation for communion. Police say Jennings pulled a gun from his waistband and fired a single shot at the back of Evans' head, nearly killing him.
"It was echoing in my head so loud," said Rebecca Ory Hernandez of the gunshot that rang out only feet from where she was with her 5-year-old son. She grabbed the boy, threw him under the pew and got on top of him. She said she heard the pastor blurt out an expletive into his microphone. "I was waiting for another gunman," she said.
The shooter ran from the church, the pastor and a half dozen other men close on his heels. Ory Hernandez and other parishioners went to James Evans. They used scarves and a shirt to help soak up the blood, and she cradled his head. His wife, Tara, who had been standing next to him, and others prayed.
"I'm OK, I'm OK," Evans kept saying, as blood spilled from his mouth.
Meanwhile, Jennings stole a truck from a nearby neighbor at gunpoint and led police on a highway chase, police said. He was caught hours later on foot after the truck ran out of gas.
Police are still trying to determine why Jennings shot his father-in-law, said Ogden Police Lt. Danielle Croyle on Tuesday. They think he may have been drinking or on drugs, and detectives know the couple had a history of domestic disputes that may have triggered Sunday's shooting, she said. But, she said Jennings has not revealed a motive.
The full scope of Evans' relationship with his son-in-law is not yet clear, but court records show Jennings has a criminal record going back to 1996. Over the years, he's pleaded no contest to felony charges of receiving a stolen vehicle, criminal trespassing and pleaded guilty to theft charges and a felony charge of attempting to tamper with a witness or juror.
Lt. Croyle said Jennings' wife, Cheryl, stayed inside the church after her husband fled. There is no indication she knew what her husband was going to do, and authorities don't expect to file any charges against her, Croyle said.
After paramedics rushed James Evans to the hospital, the Rev. Erik Richtsteig returned to the brick church that sits on the east side of Ogden at the foot of a steep rock mountain called Jumpoff Canyon.
As doctors operated on Evans, who had recently accompanied the priest on a trip to the Holy Land in Jerusalem, Richtsteig told his congregation who the shooter was, and asked them to pray for the couple and their 3-year-old son.
Then, for those who stayed, he finished the Mass, explaining his reasons matter-of-factly, Ory Hernandez said.
"Evil will not prevail," Richtsteig said.
The congregation is shaken, Richtsteig said Monday: "They were a mess — they were worshipping God and this man came in and did an act of violence."
The church plans to have a special ceremony Thursday evening to cleanse the building of the evil that occurred. Ory Hernandez says she has cried, enraged that violence came to the house of worship, and was at a loss for words when her son told her, "I didn't know there were any bad guys in this town, mommy."
But it won't stop her from coming back to church.
"The bad guy doesn't get to win this time," she said.
Follow Brady McCombs at https://twitter.com/BradyMcCombs


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For over 100 years, HARD Manufacturing has been committed to delivering products to its customers that encompass quality, performance, and exceptional value. Today our focus is on achieving the best health outcomes for the babies and children we serve with our quality products. By listening to our customers and staying on top of industry trends we are able to continuously develop new solutions that improve quality of care and patient outcomes.
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For more information, give us a call today at 1-800-873-4273


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New York, Dec 1 (Reuters) - The union that represents Boeing Co's engineers said Saturday it is trying to halt efforts by some of its members to call a one-day, unauthorized strike next week against the plane maker to protest the slow progress of labor talks.
Union leaders have circulated a letter "asking members to ignore the call for a wildcat strike," said Ray Goforth, executive director of the Society of Professional Engineering Employees in Aerospace (SPEEA) said in an email to Reuters. "We've also posted such messages on our Facebook page."
Continue Reading Below
The response comes after union members apparently sent emails from fake accounts calling for a one-day walkout on Wednesday.
Boeing officials didn't immediately respond to a request for comment.
Talks between Boeing and SPEEA broke off last week after Boeing called for a federal mediator, saying the sides remained far apart even though they have been negotiating since April on contracts that expired in October. A 60-day extension expired Nov. 25, opening the door to a strike.
On Friday, the two sides tentatively agreed to resume talks on Tuesday with a mediator present, provided they could agree on a venue and the choice of mediator.
The union has balked at a Boeing contract that it says would cut the growth rate of compensation of professional and technical employees. Boeing says its latest offer is much improved over its initial proposal and reflects a tough competitive environment.
The dispute comes as Boeing is speeding up jet production from 52 a month, worth about $8 billion at list prices, to about 60 a month by the end of next year. A walkout by the union could stop production and could cost the company about $400 million a day at current production rates and prices.
The last strike by SPEEA, in February of 2000, lasted 40 days and came after a mediator failed to resolve differences.
Goforth said those calling for a strike were frustrated with Boeing "for trying to impose a terrible offer" and impatient with the plane maker's negotiations tactics.
"They wanted to inflict some economic harm and signal to the customers and investment community that Boeing is about to provoke a serious strike."
The union said the one-day strike is not sanctioned by SPEEA and is not legally protected.
The union also said it had no plans to strike before the holidays, because Boeing closes its factories for the week between Christmas and the New Year holiday.
"We don't know whether such an action will happen December 5," Goforth said, because the union doesn't know how widespread the planning is nor "how many people will heed SPEEA's call to not participate in this action."
Shares of Boeing edged down 3 cents to $74.09 in Friday trading.


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A man suspected of being the international ringleader of a global match-fixing network was among 14 people arrested in Singapore in what appears to be a breakthrough in the battle against corruption in soccer.
Singapore police and the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau said in a joint statement that authorities arrested 12 men and two women in raids lasting 12 hours across the city-state, ending early Tuesday.
Interpol, the police body based in Lyon, France, confirmed the arrests in a statement released late Wednesday.
A high-level police official told The Associated Press that Tan Seet Eng, widely known as Dan Tan, was among the people arrested. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to discuss the detention publicly.
Prosecutors in Italy have accused Dan Tan of coordinating a global crime syndicate that made millions of dollars betting on rigged Italian matches and other games across the world.
The police official added that Dan Tan's arrest was the result of a months-long investigation in Singapore by authorities there and was not in response to arrest requests from foreign law enforcement bodies.
That could be significant because it opens the possibility that Tan could be brought to justice in Singapore, thus avoiding potential extradition problems. Singapore, for instance, has no extradition treaty with Italy, where prosecutors allege that Tan was deeply involved with match-fixing.
The Singapore authorities did not formally name any of the people taken into custody, but said the "suspected leader" and several others wanted in other jurisdictions for suspected match-fixing were among those in custody.
The Singapore police statement said the suspects are being investigated for match-fixing offenses under Singapore's Prevention of Corruption Act and for involvement in organized crime.
"Singapore is committed to eradicate match-fixing as a transnational crime and protect the integrity of the sport. All cases will be pursued vigorously with a view to bring perpetrators to justice," the statement read.
Singapore police declined to release further details.
The detainees are being held under a law that potentially allows Singapore's government to hold suspects without trial for up to 12 months, a period that can be extended. Introduced in 1955, that law has been used against suspected drug traffickers, illegal money-lenders and criminal gang members, especially in cases involving insufficient evidence for prosecution.
Match-fixing has become a blight on soccer, with investigations spanning many countries.
Italian prosecutors investigating dozens of league and cup games they say were fixed had followed a trail back to Tan in Singapore. In court documents which laid out their findings, prosecutors alleged that Tan is the boss of a crime syndicate that allegedly made millions betting on rigged Italian games between 2008 and late 2011, through bribing players, referees and club officials.
Italian authorities issued an arrest warrant for Tan and listed him as their No. 1 suspect, but have been unable to take him into custody.
Chris Eaton, the former head of security for FIFA, soccer's governing body, said Tan's arrest is "enormously significant."
"Singapore is now taking serious action. It's really pleasing," said Eaton, now director of sport integrity at the International Centre for Sport Security, a Qatar-backed group funding efforts to research the extent of fixing and ways to combat it.
"These people bridge the match fixers and the betting fraud," Eaton said in a telephone interview.
Eaton's successor as FIFA security director, Ralf Mutschke, said last year that news media overstated Tan's alleged role in match-fixing, and he probably isn't "as involved as everyone is thinking" and has only "symbolic importance."
In its statement, Interpol said several Singaporean law enforcement agencies took part in the operation that led to Tuesday's arrests.
It also said officers from Singapore met in March at Interpol's Lyon headquarters with investigators from across Europe "to review evidence of alleged match-fixing by a transnational organized crime group based in Singapore."
Dampf reported from Rome. Leicester reported from Paris.
Associated Press writer Sean Yoong in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, contributed to this report.


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This article explains the march that took place after Dr. King's assassination. Many people took part in the mourning march led by Coretta Scott King and Reverend Ralph Abernathy.
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Photo Gallery: Black And White Bathrooms
High-contrast, high-impact looks.
A dark retreat that reads as sophisticated, not gloomy.
Matte black paint on panelled walls, paired with a black clawfoot tub, is an unexpectedly elegant change from predictable, white marble bathrooms. French door-style windows add even more high-end appeal.
Sparkling fixtures brighten up dramatic walls.
There's no traditional vanity in this spectacular bathroom, but a wall-mounted sink with exposed plumbing makes a great counterpoint to a footed wood cabinet. Black-and-white basket-weave floor tiles and extra-high baseboards look crisp against walls painted in a metallic bronze tone.
Learn more traditional-style tips in our Traditional & Formal Interiors photo gallery.
See more statement bathrooms in our Dramatic Bathrooms photo gallery.
You'd never know this charming bathroom was once filled with avocado-green fixtures.
Emma Doucet and Sébastien Labelle of Ottawa won 'Best Budget' in the 2009 Design Contest for their dramatic bathroom renovation. The homeowners stripped the original bathroom down to the studs and refloored, retiled, restored and redecorated. Vintage style is imbued through unfitted fixtures, polished chrome hardware and a classic black and white tiled floor. An old brick chimney was exposed in the corner and echoes the texture of the new subway tile installed behind the bathtub.
A clawfoot tub and wainscotted tile add charm, while the all-white palette keeps the look fresh.
This bathroom offered little storage, so H&H style editor Michael Penney spray-painted a vintage wall-mounted unit black to visually anchor the space. The open weave pattern keeps it airy. He also chose a simple polka-dot shower curtain for its quirky, Kate Spade vibe.
See more photos of Michael's former apartment and a tour in our gallery and video. Plus, see tours of his new house, too!
A symphony of white marble creates a rich, polished look.
A black shower curtain grounds the space and provides visual contrast for the white tiles in this 2010 Princess Margaret Showhome guest bathroom. A black doorknob heralds the dramatic black curtain within.
Playing up classic elements in a small bathroom adds impact.
Matt Carr and Joyce Lo boosted the old world appeal of their Victorian home's bathroom by adding antique gold accessories to work with the textured wall and chair rail, hex-tiled floor and black pedestal bathtub. The result is a one-of-a-kind, vintage look.
Find more inspiration in our photo galleries of Rooms With Warm Metal Accents and Dramatic Bathrooms.
Splurge on tile that adds texture and pattern to a room.
The space was small enough that Mandy could splurge on high-end tile. Hexagonal Bluestone marble floor tiles are paired with classic honed Statuario Perla marble subway tiles for walls. The combination provides a neutral but striking backdrop for the room. In the "wet room," a honed granite slab covers the threshold for a seamless transition into the shower.
See more of this bathroom makeover in our photo gallery.
Create a pretty and practical display.
A black window frame makes white accessories pop and the tiled windowsill becomes a clever, water-resistant shelf for everyday items and display.
Make a splash with a bold copper tub.
With its warm, burnished finish, this copper tub is the star of this bathroom. It brings visual interest to the black and white decor and will develop a beautiful patina over time that adds to its rustic look.
Add original artwork and a pretty vignette.
A new double-hung window in this renovated bathroom was painted black to lend it character. Original black and white drawings pick up on dark accents like a hex-tile floor, battered stool and slate towel to lend this space a personal touch.
Clean lines and minimal decor create an airy, uncluttered space.
Food stylist Claire Stubbs wanted a modern look in her Victorian home. Her bathroom's dramatic yet peaceful style is spacious and welcoming. The glass and tile shower runs the full width of the room and is fully exposed (only the window is frosted for privacy). The dark wall grounds the space, making it feel cosier while the fur rug adds a touch of luxury.
For more beautiful ensuite bathrooms, see our photo gallery. Also, take an Online TV tour of Claire's home.
Dress up a new tub to create an antique look.
Mandy knew the cost to reseal and refinish a vintage clawfoot tub would eat up their budget, so she sourced a present-day model, hand-painted it a rich, matte black, and plated the feet in patinated brass. A linen shower curtain and dramatic brass rod give the tub presence. A weathered stool is a homey touch.
See more of this bathroom makeover in our photo gallery


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Obama 'hugely impressed' with Pope Francis
Obama 'hugely impressed' with Pope Francis
Oct. 02, 2013
WASHINGTON (AP) — President Barack Obama says he's "hugely impressed" with Pope Francis and his pronouncements since he took over the papacy six months ago.
Obama was asked in a CNBC interview about the pope's recent remarks that the Catholic Church had become obsessed with issues like gay rights and abortion. Francis had said the church should emphasize compassion over condemnation.
Obama says the pope is prioritizing how to embrace people rather than push them away. He says the pope looks for the good in people and promotes a sense of love and unity. He says Francis seems to live out the teachings of Jesus by emphasizing humility and caring for the poor in both his words and his actions.
Obama says those are characteristics he admires in all leaders, religious or otherwise.


text: Voo Doo Dollby Top Hat ProductionsEffectThe Magician shows a realistic looking voodoo doll. It is placed in the spectators hand to look at. It is just a little straw doll. When the magician lays the doll in his palm, it suddenly comes to life rising like a mummy out of a casket and stands up straight! Spectators will believe that an invisible force is making it rise up and down. The doll is completely under your control. No wires or threads.A magical effect that you will always carry with you.


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Especially if Hasbro pulls one of their typical case pack moves and ships the ARC again with the Y-Wing.
Anyone else notice scads of these at their local WM?Mine has about 30 out onthe main aisle where they put a lot of bigger toys up for Christmas. I didn't catch the price but was thinking it wasn't $70. I was surprised to see it back, at all. I'm guessing old stock from last year that WM wasn't willing to take a bath on, or that they got cheap from Hasbro and are selling cheap for this year.
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STOCKTON - Lawyers representing a young girl who was molested on a school bus in a civil trial against the Lodi Unified School District told a jury Friday that the district knew bus driver Richard Evans had a prior conviction for a sex crime and that two administrators had joked about it among themselves.
STOCKTON - Lawyers representing a young girl who was molested on a school bus in a civil trial against the Lodi Unified School District told a jury Friday that the district knew bus driver Richard Evans had a prior conviction for a sex crime and that two administrators had joked about it among themselves.
Opening statements by plaintiff's attorney Kenneth Melayco in the civil trial of Diana C. and her father, Angel M.C., against Lodi Unified said the school district hired Evans on two separate occasions - once in 2003 and again in 2008 - knowing that he had indicated on his application that he had been convicted of a crime and that they had access to police records showing he was caught having sex with a prostitute in his work truck in 2000. A decade later, he was caught on tape molesting then 8-year-old Diana C. on a school bus after he picked her up early from her home.
"Transportation officials from other districts will testify in this case that they would not hire a bus driver to transport kids knowing this information," Melayco said. "Not in Lodi Unified. They kept on going (with the hiring process)."
Melayco said retired Lodi Unified classified personnel director Elliott Grauman and a former transportation official laughed about Evans' conviction, a case where he had sex with a 33-year-old prostitute for $10 and a bag of chips.
"Instead of saying he was unsuitable to drive kids, the district laughed about it," Melayco told the jury.
Lodi Unified attorney Marina Pitts countered that Lodi Unified officials were not callous or coldhearted in the case and considered the crime to be heinous. Pitts said school officials were sickened by the videotape they saw and sent heartfelt apologies to the girl and her family.
Pitts said Lodi Unified followed a strict hiring policy that includes a thorough background check and that he had to undergo background checks by the Department of Motor Vehicles and the California Highway Patrol to obtain a license to drive a school bus.
When the district learned of Evans' actions on Nov. 3, personnel director Neil Young called police, and Evans was fired, Pitts said.
Pitts added that the district believes that people who have made mistakes sometimes deserve a second chance, a position that Diana C.'s team of attorneys attacked when her father, Angel M.C., took the stand as the case's first witness.
Angel M.C. said in his testimony that he could not get answers that he sought after he learned his daughter, a special-needs student who has a low IQ because of her premature birth, had been molested on the bus.
He cried in describing how he and his family were told by his young daughter - whose photograph shows a smiling Latino girl with bangs that cover her eyebrows - what had happened to her while they ate dinner at a Chinese restaurant in Stockton.
"Did you know it was the district's policy to give men convicted of sex crimes a second chance?" attorney John Manly asked
"No." Angel M.C. replied.
Pitts did not have time Friday to cross-examine Angel M.C. She will ask him questions Wednesday, when the trial resumes.
Angel M.C. and his family are seeking damages claiming the district was negligent in hiring Evans and placing him in a position to be alone with their daughter. Lawyers from both sides had agreed on a $4.2 million settlement in the case, but the school board rejected the offer.
Contact reporter Keith Reid at (209) 546-8257 or email@example.com. Visit his blog at recordnet.com/lodiblog.


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Jim, how old are the print heads? I was getting repeated sensor errors a few months ago, and I replaced the print heads and never had an issue since. Just a thought.
I highly recommend performing the belt change at the first sign of loose material coming off of it. It is not worth the hassle of having to touch up white spots, and a somewhat lengthy but not difficult process to do yourself. I also suggest replacing it with a polyurethane after market belt that I've been very happy with, which I expect to last much longer than HP's lousy OEM one. http://www.lpscomputer.com/p-3140-q6659-60175-designjet-z2100-z3100-z3200-44-size-carriage-belt.aspx
Thanks for your reply. I've only ever replaced the mk/rd head. All the others are still original, going on six years old. Curious that new print heads solved a sensor error.
If I remember correctly, I was getting scanner errors when profiling. Normally I profile with APS which can be finicky. So I tried Color Center and got the same error.I then went though a process of cheapest/easiest solution that could fix the problem. When the scanner reads a pattern, it is expecting things to be in a particular place and look a particular way. So a print head alignment issues or something related could have caused the problem.I when through ink purge, print head cleaning, print head alligntment etc., with no success. Next step was to replace the full set of print heads. If I recall, this cost me about 500bucks, and after that, have not had an issue.Again, depending on when you're getting the scanner error this may be the issue. At the very least, pop them out and reseat them.God luck.


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OVER THE YEARS, the University of Washington has produced some of our country's greatest artists: Painter Chuck Close, '62; glass artist Dale Chihuly, '65; and photographer Imogen Cunningham, class of 1907, just to name a few. As a gift to our readers during the UW's 150th anniversary, Columns magazine is proud to present this photo essay by Art Wolfe, '75, one of the premier wildlife and nature photographers of our time.
During rare breaks from traveling the world, the lifelong West Seattleite returned to some of his favorite spots—the wild places on the UW campus, the Union Bay Natural Area and Washington Arboretum. "I often go out there when I am feeling squirrelly," he said. "At fi rst glance, it may not seem spectacular. But you can fi nd quieter shots here that challenge you, and are true beauty." We couldn't agree more. —Jon Marmor


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Ratings: Last Night's Scandal Was the Show's Most-Watched Episode Yet
It gave the other shows hell as it beat its own ratings high-water mark.
The Scandal surge continues: Last night's season-three debut of Shonda Rhimes's red-hot ABC drama delivered the show's biggest same-day audience yet, according to Nielsen. Ten and a half million Gladiators assembled for the return of Olivia Pope; among adults under 50, the show notched a 3.6 rating. That's up 13 percent from last May's finale, and, more stunning, a 71 percent increase over the show's season two return last fall. Scandal has also now pulled well ahead of Rhimes's Grey's Anatomy and is now easily ABC's No. 1 show in the under 50 demo on Thursday (and second only to Modern Family overall). Elsewhere on the night, NBC's Welcome to the Family was dead on arrival, scoring NBC's lowest demo ratings ever for a fall comedy debut; Sean Saves the World did a bit better, but still drew a smaller young adult audience than the fading final season premiere of The Office. Over at CBS, meanwhile, new family comedy The Millers did fine after The Big Bang Theory, pulling in around the same time-slot numbers as Two and a Half Men last fall.


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Web Standards and UsageRuben Armiñana
Policy #2000-6
- Purpose and Scope
The primary goal of Sonoma State University web pages is to provide information about the University's various programs, departments, curricula, people and services. A secondary purpose is to promote the reputation of the University, as well as its mission and niche: Sonoma State University is a relatively small, rural campus that prides itself on providing the highest quality undergraduate liberal arts education at an affordable cost, while embracing new technologies.
- This Web Standards and Usage Policy sets the
standard for all "official" University web sites. Official
pages represent:
- The six Schools of the University
- All University divisions
- All University departments
- All institutes or programs affiliated with SSU
- All auxiliaries connected to SSU
- All course pages
- Chartered student organizations
- "Personal" web pages are not required to follow this Web
Standards and Usage Policy. Personal web pages may include:
- Individual faculty or staff pages that are not course related
- Pages that feature family and friends
- Student pages
- Personal pages may not be created to resemble official
University pages. Therefore, the use of the University's seal,
logo(s), banner or other SSU-specific graphics may not be
Since any page on an SSU server, whether personal or official, represents Sonoma State University, it is strongly recommended that personal pages include:
- An e-mail link (contact information)
- Frequent updates (minimally once a semester), including the date changes were last made
- This Web Standards and Usage Policy sets the standard for all "official" University web sites. Official pages represent:
- Requirements for all Official Web Pages
- Contact Information
The main page of each site must include contact information such as department name, mailing address, phone and fax numbers.
- Content
- Pages must be reviewed at least once a semester to eliminate dated material; a date showing when a last review took place must appear on the page.
- All pages must include an e-mail link to either contact University personnel for content questions or the site developer for technical questions.
- All main pages must link to the Sonoma State University home page, a department page, or some other main page as appropriate to avoid dead-end pages. For example, the main page for the School of Arts and Humanities must have a link back to SSU home. Secondary pages (in this case, the Department of English) would link to the School of Arts and Humanities' main page.
- Legal and Policy
- SSU is a member institution of 4Cnet, an electronic information and support group for the Internet as it relates to the CSU and California community colleges. As such, users of SSU's web servers must adhere to 4CNet's Acceptable Use Policy. A current 4Cnet Acceptable Use Policy is maintained at http://www.cccc.net/documents/4cnet_policy.html
- All materials on the web, including text, images, and sound are covered by copyright laws unless explicitly stated otherwise. Copyrighted materials may not be distributed or posted without the express permission of the copyright owner. Refer to http://libweb.sonoma.edu/web/copyright.html for guidance (http://www.bitlaw.com may answer specific questions).
- University servers may not be used for commercial ventures or solicitations-for-hire which are not part of University business or activities.
- Web page authors must adhere to all state and federal laws.
- Graphical Elements
The SSU seal, logo and banners may in no way be altered. This includes stretching, adding elements or in any other way changing them, without the express approval of the University Affairs Office.
- Accessibility
For those unfamiliar with accessibility issues pertaining to Web page design, consider that many users may be operating in very different contexts such as the ability to see, hear, or move. Some types of information may not be able to be processed at all. There might be difficulties in reading or having access to a keyboard or mouse. Slow Internet connections are still common and must be considered when creating pages. Different browsers and operating systems create another layer of possible difficulty.
For accessibility guidelines, see the Web Content Access Guidelines at www.w3.org/TR/WCAG. Use the Center for Applied Special Technology "Bobby" tool to check the accessibility of a web page (http://www.cast.org/bobby/).
- Design / Re-Design
Any design or re-design of an official site must be reviewed by the University Affairs Office to ensure continuity and clarity of the University's image.
- Enforcement
Upon notification, the University Affairs Office reserves the right to authorize the blocking of pages that do not meet the requirements of this Web Standards and Usage Policy.
- Questions and Technical Support
Limited technicalsupport is available by contacting the Information Technology Service Center. Questions regarding elements of this policy may be directed to the University Affairs Office or the Web Office in Information Technology.
All web authors are encouraged to make use of the attached style recommendations.
- Contact Information
- Please see attached Style Guidelines
Updated August 30, 2000 by firstname.lastname@example.com


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MICHIGAN (WILX)- They won't be using it anytime soon but M-DOT unveiled a new vehicle that will make a huge difference on snow-covered roads.
It's called the Tow-Plow, a massive snow plow that can cover two lanes of road at once. When it deploys look out, you don't want to be caught on the wrong side of this machine.
"When it deploys it looks like a truck jackknifing because it's going to swing out to the side," explained M-DOT Region Maintenance Manager Will Thompson.
When the Tow-Plow deoploys it sticks out a 30 degree angle with no extra warning other than the regular flashing lights on the plow, so drivers keep your distance.
"We definitally want people to be prepared when this thing swings out. Stay back and be careful it's fine," said Thompson.
Driver Gary Shultagis says if you are going to pass it, only pass on the left, never on the side where the plow is.
"Stay back and give us room. With using it on a three lane road you will be able to pass on the left because it only deploys on the right," explained Shultagis.
The tow plow can cover widths up to 25 feet. That means clearing 2 lanes at once saving money and personell.
"It's special in the way we have never been able to plow two lanes with one driver before. Recently we had a 15% cut in employees. The number is down a bit and we need to use tools to make up for it," said Thompson.
This one is the only one for the state of Michigan currently. This winter the Tow-Plow will be used in Livingston county on I-96 and UW-23, but may eventually be used on two lane roads.
"If there is too much snow and we use it on a two lane people will feel better behind it than trying to get around," said Shultagis.
It cost M-DOT $93,000, money managers say that is well spent.
"We predict 30-40 percent savings and a 5 year payback. So we should have it paid off in 5 years."
13 other states are also using Tow-Plows. M-dot says the vehicle is perfectly safe and won't swerve even if it runs over something. That's because of the design, the wheels under it keep it locked in place.
M-DOT has trained four employees to drive the Tow-Plow. Now they're just waiting for the next snowfall to get a chance to use it.


text: Student Profiles Christine Carletta '10 Christine Carletta '10 Major: Government and Legal Studies; minor: Italian Hometown: Brunswick, New York Why did you choose to come to Bowdoin? I graduated from a small, all-girls preparatory high school in upstate New York. I was certain that I wanted to attend a small liberal arts college in the Northeast, with a flourishing, close-knit community similar to the one that I experienced in high school, and whose student body was at least 50 percent male. With my trusty college guide book in hand, I used these very scientific criteria to narrow my options down to 200 or so schools in the New England region and applied to all of them. Just kidding. I wish that I could tell you there is a rigid formula to calculate all your hopes for college to determine the perfect school, but there isn't. Combined with your academic desires, choosing a college is largely based on the feeling you get when you step onto campus. Bowdoin was, simply, the perfect fit for me. I knew before applying that I was looking for a college with a strong government department. Bowdoin has one of the best departments in the country both in the diversity of classes offered and the wealth of talented, committed professors. With regards to the community here, I know most of my classmates' faces and can wave wildly at many of them from across the Quad. My professors have been more than willing to sit down over a cup of tea at the café and chat about my academic and extracurricular pursuits. Did I glean all of this information from a one-hour tour of the campus? No. However, I did feel a sense of warmth and comfort immediately, a feeling that only grew as my parents and I explored the campus. When the time for a decision came, I just knew. Why did you choose your major? I knew before I came to Bowdoin that I wanted to be a government major with the long-term aspiration of pursuing a law degree. My pre-major advisor, Professor Paul Franco—who was also my first-year seminar professor—was so enthusiastic and supportive about my curiosity for political theory and constitutional law that my excitement for the subject never waned nor faltered. What has been a course you especially enjoyed at Bowdoin? I can't narrow it down to one course, but I can speak to a series of courses that have built on each other and shaped my major in a unique way. My sophomore year I took Constitutional Law I and II and completed an independent study titled Great Constitutional Debates under the guidance of my major advisor, Professor Richard Morgan. Constitutional law courses challenge you to evaluate and analyze the fundamental tenets of our system of government. Professor Morgan addressed these questions in an engaging manner in all of the classes I took with him. He asks his students to formulate a strong understanding of the historical perspectives surrounding the creation and implementation of the U.S. Constitution, as well as how those perspectives affect contemporary legal questions. The questions these courses present constantly reaffirm my sentiment that I am studying exactly what I enjoy most. I am currently working with Professor Morgan on completing an honors project on the Religion Clause of the First Amendment while taking his senior seminar on the Free Speech Clause. What professor or professors have especially inspired you during your time at Bowdoin? As you can guess, Professor Morgan and his constitutional law courses have had a huge impact on my time here. Professor Morgan is a nationally known scholar of constitutional law; it will be an exciting year to work with him on my honors project. Professor Arielle Saiber of the Italian department has also been a source of support and inspiration at Bowdoin; in fact, she can take credit for my Italian minor! I came to college uninterested in the study of language. My philosophy was that some people are good at and enjoy learning languages, but that I was not one of those people. As I was picking a college, I practically jumped for joy upon discovering that Bowdoin has no foreign language requirement. However, in the spring of my first year, I stumbled upon a course titled Mona Lisa and the Mafia: Italian Culture across the Centuries taught by Professor Saiber. It was taught in English, so I figured that I was safe. Wrong! Professor Saiber is extremely engaging; who else can seamlessly tie together a course that discusses Dante's Inferno, the literary masterpiece, with Dante's Inferno, an upcoming video game from Electronics Arts? Professor Saiber encourages spirited class participation and it's hard not to oblige, as she is quite enthusiastic herself. To make a long story short, Professor Saiber noticed that I was particularly interested in Italy and Italian culture. After several persuasive conversations, a lot of espresso, and unwavering encouragement, I become an Italian minor. Professor Sonja Moser has also been an absolute inspiration both as a director and professor throughout my Bowdoin experience. Taking her Acting I and II classes and receiving direction from her in The Skin of Our Teeth has had a distinct effect on all of my work on stage. Christine and members of the 2007-2008 Peucinian Society. What extracurricular or work experiences have you had at Bowdoin? I have participated in various extracurricular activities on campus including The Peucinian Society, Masque and Gown, Circolo Italiano, Habitat for Humanity, MacMillan House, Bowdoin Outing Club, and intramural soccer. I have also worked as a checker and line server in Moulton Dining Hall and am currently a computer lab assistant for Information Technology. At the end of my first year, I was one of three students who revived Bowdoin's literary association, The Peucinian Society. The Peucinian Society was founded in 1805 and is one of the oldest collegiate literary societies in the United States. The Society, which counts among its alumni Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (Class of 1825) and Joshua Chamberlain (Class of 1852), gathered to hold disputations on cultural and political thought. Its revival has created a unique forum on campus to discuss a wide variety of academic topics ranging from environmental sustainability to the merits of secularization. We remain true to the traditions of the original Society, holding formal orations and weekly disputations. As the provost and first female to deliver an oration in the Society's history, I have developed invaluable skills in oration, discussion, and organization. Furthermore, I have built a close group of friends with whom I can engage socially and intellectually outside of class. Christine with Khalil LeSaldo '11, Joseph Babler '10, and Katharine Sherman '09 performing in Masque and Gown's production of The Play About the Baby by Edward Albee. Theater has been an important extracurricular activity since I was nine years old, and I am fortunate to have been able to continue pursuing this interest at Bowdoin. I served as artistic director for Masque and Gown during my sophomore and junior years and took several acting and directing courses in the theater department. I have participated in two productions at Bowdoin so far: The Skin of Our Teeth directed by Professor Sonja Moser and The Play About the Baby directed by Cait Hylan '09. The Skin of Our Teeth was a fantastic production, though it was a daunting task to work on such a large-scale piece as a new student. Professor Moser helped me develop my skills in precision and intention of thought and movement. The Play About the Baby was a completely different and equally unique experience. That show had a four-person cast, and I played "Woman," a vaudevillian character who provides a flighty, comedic tone that couples beautifully with her more serious partner in crime, "Man." Edward Albee, the playwright who wrote the piece, spoke at Common Hour while we were working on it. It was an incredible opportunity to sit down and talk with him about the play and my character. Did you study abroad during your time at Bowdoin? I studied abroad in Bologna, Italy, with Brown University. It was a great program for language study; all my courses were in Italian. Living in Bologna and studying at L'Università di Bologna required me to be far more independent then I've ever been. It reminded me just how interesting and culturally saturated of a country Italy was and simultaneously made me truly appreciate the comforts of home, family, and friends. I highly recommend studying abroad if you get the chance. It is a wonderful opportunity to immerse yourself in a different culture and way of life. What have you done during your summers? I spent each of my summers pursuing a different interest of mine. The summer after my freshman year, I interned at a local children's theater company in my hometown. It was a rewarding experience to teach acting and dance in the same classes that I grew up attending. The summer after my sophomore year I studied abroad in Vasto, Italy, through a Harvard program. My mother's grandfather emigrated from Vasto. It was an emotional experience to be the first of his descendants to return, find the shop that belonged to his family, and meet my relatives who had remained in Italy. I had my first full conversation in Italian with my grandfather's 85-year-old first cousin who still owns a hat shop in Vasto. This past summer I worked in the Consumer Frauds Bureau of the New York State Office of the Attorney General. I worked directly with consumers and businesses to resolve consumer complaints. The experience offered a sense of some of the skills a lawyer utilizes; I found the work to be informative and stimulating. It encouraged me to consider a potential career in the public sector. Victory! Christine and her friends from West Hall with the giant snowball in front of Osher Hall. What is your best Bowdoin memory? There are so many wonderful memories: late-night chats with friends, taking an impromptu drive to Lands End (the beach, not L.L. Bean's rival) to watch the sunrise, drinking tea at Little Dog's, and running through the theater excitedly before a performance. But one anecdote always sticks out in my mind. There was a huge snow storm during April of my first year, and classes were completely canceled for the first time in some 30 years. With about 15 friends from West Hall, we built a massive five-foot tall snowball and rolled it in front of the entrance to Osher Hall, the nearby first-year dorm, with whom there was a friendly rivalry. It was an epic experience and a picture of the snowball ended up on CollegeHumor.com. What are your plans for after graduation? I plan on attending law school and pursuing a legal career, though I remain completely undecided on which aspect of law. There are so many interesting facets in the field of law—including constitutional studies, intellectual property, public interest, and entertainment law—that I will just have to wait and see! What advice would you give to a prospective student or first-year about the Bowdoin experience? Laugh. The first year is full of experiences that are some of the most memorable and stressful moments of your life. It's easy to become overwhelmed and too focused on the tasks at hand. These are the years that help define who you are; enjoy them! Yes, you will experience a whole new level of frustration when you inadvertently turn all of your laundry pink and doll-sized at 3 a.m. while in the middle of writing your first big paper. It happened to all of us. But remember, Bowdoin is a community. You will get to know most of its members better than you ever thought possible. They are here to support you, care about you, and laugh with you. So when you only have miniature pink socks to wear to class, go show your friends and revel in the absurdity of the situation. The story just might be one you will tell for years to come. What quirky or fun thing do you wish you had known before you came to Bowdoin? Get out and explore Maine. The landscape is beautiful and features gems such as Acadia National Park, the Coastal Studies Center, Popham Beach, and Lands End. Apparently, there's even the Desert of Maine in Freeport. Who knew! Story posted on November 03, 2009 « Back | More Student Profiles | Go to News Home


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Watch The ::God Is Imaginary Videos On YouTube ::
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^^^That's the case with any law, isn't it? Doesn't mean we should not have the laws. Laws and rules show what the parameters of acceptable behavior in a society are.
Actually it doesn't. One could conceivably be all-powerful but not exceptionally intelligent.
How would this be enforceable?
Gun dealers in these states also have little incentive to care who they sell to, since the law likely won't punish them -- South Carolina has no penalties for straw purchases, and North Carolina, has no penalties for buying guns with false information.
I'm all for background checks and eliminating the loophole, but it only keeps the honest people honest.
The gangs of inner city Chicago aren't buying guns in another state through a loophole.
The federal government's recent analysis shows that while 420 of the illegal guns recovered in the city had originally been sold within New York State - accounting for the largest single-state total - a majority of the guns had been sold in other states, like Virginia, Pennsylvania, North Carolina and Georgia.
Two weeks ago, Mayor Bloomberg stood in City Hall and announced an astonishing statistic - some 90 percent of guns used in crimes in New York City come from out-of-state. Today, we saw the sad reality of that frightening statistic.Thanks to the extraordinary work of our dedicated law enforcement professionals, more than 250 illegal firearms - including handguns, a fully automatic machine gun, and high capacity assault weapons - were taken off the streets, the largest seizure of illegal guns in city history.Tellingly, more than half of those guns were funneled from North Carolina, with the rest from South Carolina - two states with weak gun laws compared to ours. In those states, unlike New York, gun owners who lose their weapons or claim that they were stolen are not required to report the loss to the police.
The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives traced 8,793 guns seized in New York in 2011 and found that just 1,595 were bought in the state.
I think in the end though, there has to be a gun registry, just like there is for cars, if you really want to keep guns away from criminals. That way you can track back who owned what gun and figure out who is culpable for arming criminals.
Quote from: Dante on August 30, 2013, 03:47:21 PMThe gangs of inner city Chicago aren't buying guns in another state through a loophole.Are you sure? Most of the guns used by criminals in NYC are procured out of state.
But you already knew that.
Oh, I didn't doubt they were coming in from out of state, I'm just saying that the gang memebers aren't crossing state lines to go to gun shows to procure arms. They are getting them from gun runners, illegally.
Quote from: Dante on September 05, 2013, 11:04:18 AMOh, I didn't doubt they were coming in from out of state, I'm just saying that the gang memebers aren't crossing state lines to go to gun shows to procure arms. They are getting them from gun runners, illegally.? Someone is getting around the glaring loophole in the law. What does it matter who?
jesus fucking christ.really?
I think it's wonderful. We should all, you know, be able to shoot anyone that we think might want to shoot us some day. I'm gonna start a petition or something. If people won't sign it, I'll shoot them because their refusal to sign must mean they want to hurt me.I'm so brilliant.
Which part?
and any new laws won't make a difference, except to the law abiding,
Don't know where this happened but I heard today that a SWAT officer was shot by a 6 or 7 year old at a school program where the officer was talking about safety. The kid walked up to him and somehow fired the gun in his holster. You have to watch out for those little ones.
QuoteGun dealers in these states also have little incentive to care who they sell to, since the law likely won't punish them -- South Carolina has no penalties for straw purchases, and North Carolina, has no penalties for buying guns with false information. http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/new-york-tough-gun-laws-weakened-states-article-1.1431333
apparently the guns that SWAT team uses don't have safeties. The police captain was quoted as saying "There is nothing we could have done differently."
Quote from: Dante on September 05, 2013, 03:10:25 PMWhich part?Quote from: Dante on September 05, 2013, 01:33:31 PMand any new laws won't make a difference, except to the law abiding,. If you are going to just give me the "only criminals break the laws" bullshit over and over, then get out of the conversation.
If they're not, then they'd still be coming into those cities and any new laws won't make a difference, except to the law abiding, which I guess was my not-clearly-addressed point all along.
Get over yourself.
Get out of my thread.
Your answers are lazy, flippant and useless. You have added nothing of value.
"Criminals are going to break laws!" Then I guess there is no reason to have any laws.
To imply that it is ok to use false information or to make straw purchases in any state, just because that state does not have a law duplicating a federal law, is ludicrous.
Then you tell me why people bothered to go all the way from NY to the Carolinas for guns and not just buy them in NY. Why not make a straw purchases in NY state and save on gas and time? Did they just want to take the scenic route? If the law is the law is the law, why was it worth their effort to get guns 700 miles away? Could it be that the laws were more lax in the Carolinas? Could it be something about NY state laws that made it impossible for them to get the guns?
You guys keep arguing that laws won't do anything. Yet, we see in NY they are. If they weren't, people would not be driving to the deep south to acquire guns. If every state had the same laws as NY, it would be much harder for them to even find a gun.
You guys say you want to keep the guns out of the hands of bad guys. But your actions tell me you don't actually care. You are not willing to do anything to ensure it. You just shrug your shoulders and bitch about people who are putting in the effort. You act as if the occasional mass shooting and gang warfare is just the price of freedom.
Iowa is granting permits to acquire or carry guns in public to people who are legally or completely blind....The quandary centers squarely on public safety. Advocates for the disabled and Iowa law enforcement officers disagree over whether it's a good idea for visually disabled Iowans to have weapons.


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Ron Spaulding Named Senior Vice President Of Sales For Capitol Music Group
Feb 14, 2013, 01:00 EST
HOLLYWOOD, Calif., Feb. 14, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Ron Spaulding has been appointed Senior Vice President of Sales for Capitol Music Group, it was announced today by Greg Thompson, Executive Vice President of the company. In his new position, Spaulding will implement and execute the Group's sales and retail marketing strategies, incorporating those plans into the efforts of Universal Music Group Distribution (UMGD) and managing Capitol's vital interaction with that company. He will oversee Capitol Music Group's field marketing staff in the design and planning of strategic retail campaigns. Spaulding has relocated to Hollywood, CA and is based in the company's iconic Capitol Tower.
Prior to his appointment at Capitol Music Group, Spaulding was the highly regarded President of Fontana, UMGD's independent distribution arm, a position he held for three years. His tenure at Fontana came to a close last year with the company's final integration into INgrooves after its purchase of Fontana earlier last year. Spaulding joined Fontana as Executive Vice President & General Manager in 2007.
According to Greg Thompson, "Ron's many years of experience in sales, distribution and label operations make him the perfect person to lead Capitol Music Group's commercial strategy in the years ahead. His passion for music and relentless energy demonstrate why he will be an invaluable member of our team as we invigorate the company with new leadership and a clear vision for success. I'm thrilled to have Ron by my side and congratulate him on this appointment."
Spaulding commented, "I am honored to have the privilege to work with Steve Barnett and Greg Thompson as we reenergize Capitol Music Group and restore luster to Capitol, Virgin and the other great labels within the company. Capitol's legacy includes some of the all-time most impactful moments in music, and with this incredible new team in place, we'll be working with our artists to create even more history in the years ahead."
Before joining Fontana, Spaulding served as Executive Vice President/General Manager of Asylum and EastWest Records, overseeing the day-to-day operations of both labels. He also served as the Senior Vice President of Sales at WEA, Warner Music Group's distribution arm. His background also includes serving as Senior Vice President of Sales at Elektra Entertainment Group and in a number of senior positions at Priority Records.
SOURCE Universal Music Group


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Message Board
Erin Aislinn Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Aislinn has written!
Author Aislinn's Book Reviews
It Happened in Florence
Designing real-estate tycoon James Donovan's world headquarters should be a straight forward business deal, but Jennifer Morgan's heart is in turmoil. Returning to Florence, Italy, with her daughter reawakens the haunting pain of her first love, lost twenty-three years ago. While Jennifer struggles to regain her balance, she brushes off James Donovan's advances as a typical billionaire playboy's game. How, then, does the controlling, manipulative mogu...


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Boardwalk Empire Set Design Inspiration
Plunge Into Boardwalk Empire's Prohibition-Era Decor
Plunge Into Boardwalk Empire's Prohibition-Era Decor
'Tis the season for holiday party hopping, which usually involves costume-worthy outfits and a fair amount of hooch. With all of the festivities, we can't help but reminisce about one of our favorite television shows that celebrates both. While episodes of the recently-wrapped Boardwalk Empire series are usually centered around themes of violent vengeance or tarnished romance, they also draw attention to the era's elegant style.
As invested as we are in the Emmy-nominated show's story line, we can't help but keep our wandering eyes from admiring the impeccable period pieces that fill each scene. While most of us might not want to mimic the Prohibition-era decor completely, we've honed in on key pieces from the series' set that could easily be adapted for the modern home.


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FUJIFILM GFX 50S, dünyanın en iyi fotoğraf kalitesini sunar.
Daha Fazla Bilgi
FUJIFILM GFX 50S, dünyanın en iyi fotoğraf kalitesini sunar. 51.4 megapiksel gibi olağanüstü bir çözünürlük ile fevkalade tonlar, gelişmiş renk reprodüksiyonu ve yüksek performanslı lensler bu fotoğraf makinesinde birleşirler. Motivasyonunuz, fotoğraf kalitesinin bu seviyesinde doruklarına ulaşır. Bu fotoğraf makinesini elinizde tuttuğunuz anda çevrenizdeki dünya değişecektir. Fujifilm'in yeni orta format aynasız sistemi GFX ile elde edebileceklerinizi gördüğünüzde fotoğrafçılıkta farklı bir seviyeye ulaştığınızı hissedeceksiniz.
Fujifilm, orta format filmli fotoğraf makinelerinde daima fotoğraf kalitesine öncelik vermiştir.
Daha Fazla Bilgi
Fujifilm, orta format filmli fotoğraf makinelerinde daima fotoğraf kalitesine öncelik vermiştir. Şimdi, dijital fotoğraf alanında sağlam bir pazar pozisyonuna yerleştikten sonra şirket, GFX 50S modelinin tanıtımı ile orta format dünyasına dönüş yapmaktadır. Büyük formatlı fotoğraf makinelerinde bulunan derinlikli bilgileri kullanarak ve Fujifilm'in dijital fotoğrafçılık ekipmanının gelişmesinde her zaman geçerli olan felsefeyi uygulayarak ortaya çıkan bu fotoğraf makinesi fotoğrafik kalitede yeni standartlar ortaya koymaktadır. GFX 50S modeli ile fotoğraf makinesi tarihinde yeni bir fasıl başlamaktadır.
FUJIFILM X RAW STUDIO offers alternative functionality to existing RAW conversion software.
X-Photographer Xyza Cruz Bacani tells how she uses GFX and X Series cameras.
David A. Williams tells his hands-on experience with the GFX for his portrait works
German commercial photographer Thorsten Rother tells how he approached his project "Headshot"
Italian commercial photographer Sara Lando tells her experience with the GFX
Elia Locardi traveled across America with the GF23mmF4 lens to capture the various scenery.
French X-Photographer Pascal Bourguignon flies in a paramotor with GFX in his hands to capture the scenery from above!
Fernando Moleres shoots Andalusia, Spain with the GF250mF4 lens
Karen Hutton shoots nature with the GF250mF4 lens
Andrew Hall documents the young car racer Chelsea Angelo with the GFX
Murat Esibatir shoots fashion portraits on GFX
Sandro Georgi visits to winery in Piedmont, Italy
Serkan Günes travels to Tanzania to shoot wildlife
Pål Laukli uses GFX 50S to shoot promotion video and stills for FARA Cycling
X-Photographer Rafa Marrodán uses GFX 50S to capture motorsports in action
Swedish Photographer Jessica Wikström uses GFX 50S with Profoto B1X for portraiture
Yukio Uchida gives his impression on the new FUJIFILM X RAW STUDIO
Fernando Moleres visits Greenland to document global warning
Jan Gonzales shows how to use the new FUJIFILM X RAW STUDIO
X-Photographer Kevin Mullins from the UK shoots with the GF45mmF2.8
Kara Mercer from the US shoots fashion with the GF45mmF2.8 lens
Fashion photographer Murat Esibatir from Turkey shoots fashion on location with the GFX
Swiss X-Photographer Jens Krauer documents Langstrasse in Zurich with the GFX
Behind the scene footage of Patrick La Roque shooting Lexus LC500 with the GFX
Giulia Bianchi from Italy tracks down her family roots and captures with the GF45mmF2.8 lens
ANOTHERMOUNTAINMAN from Hong Kong captures Kyoto with the GFX
UK X-Photographer Paul Sanders captures nature with the GF23mm lens with Lee filters attached
X-Photographer Rommel Bundalian from the Philippines shoots with the GF45mmF2.8
X-Photographer Hüseyin Taskin from Turkey shoots with the GF45mmF2.8
Patrick Hanez uses GFX with the Cambo Actus view camera for food photography
Belgian X-Photographer Tom Museeuw shoots studio portraits with GFX system
X-Photographer Mindy Tan from Singapore captures nostalgic scenery of Singapore from the old days with the GFX.
Photographer Simon Lewis visits various locations in NYC to capture Japanese culture with the GFX.
German X-Photographer Bernd Ritschel uses Novoflex adapter to expand his phhotographic vision
French X-Photographer Thomas Vollaire uses Westcott LED lighting system to realize his photographic vision
Italian Photographer Stefano Guindani shoots fashion with the GFX 50S
Japanese Photographer Ichigo Sugawara visited Sakhalin to take portriaiture of Nivkh people with the GFX
Austrian X-Photographer Heinz Zak climbed up the highest peak in Austria with the GFX
German X-Photographer Christian Ringer visits Lofoten, Norway with the GF23mmF4.
TOILETPAPER Magazine uses GFX for their creative works.
Sean Conboy uses GF23mmF4 to capture the magnificent Blackpool Tower Ballroom
Ray Martin from Australia documents the people in Tasmania with the GFX.
Part 2 of the series. Ray Martin from Australia documents the people in Tasmania with the GFX.
Julien Apruzzese from France tests the GFX 50S and GF110mmF2 combo.
Oliver Wehrli from Switzerland tests the GFX 50S and GF23mmF4 in nature.
David Williams from Canada uses GFX 50S for portrait photography.
X-Photographer Elia Locardi from USA travels with the GF23mmF4 R LM WR.
"Let's do it!" Inside look into NORDICA Photography shooting wedding photography!
Lindsay Keats from New Zealands goes up in the air with the GFX for aerial photography.
Wedding Photographer David Stanbury from the UK tests the GF110mmF2 R LM WR.
Thorsten Rother shoots portraits with the FUJIFILM GFX 50S and the GF110mmF2 R LM WR
X-Photographer Fernando Moleres from Spain visits Festival Holi in India.
Photographer Yan Kallen from Hong Kong visits Kyoto and captures the moments in life of artisans and their work.
Portrait photographer Sara Lando from Italy tests the new GF110mmF2 R LM WR lens.
X-Photographer Ivan Joshua Loh from Singapore tests the new GF110mmF2 in various settings.
X-Photographer Daniel Tengs from Norway shot snowboarders in action with the GFX.
X-Photographer Jonas Dyhr Rask from Denmark visits Iceland in April with fellow X-Photographer Palle Schultz.
X-Photographer Pascal Bourguignon shot aerial photography with the GFX 50S and GF23mmF4
X-Photographer Ben Benvie from Canada explores Bisti Badlands with the GFX 50S and GF23mmF4 R LM WR.
X-Photographer Tomasz Lazar wanders the streets of Tokyo with the GFX.
Photographer Masakatsu Shibata gives his impression on the GF110mmF2 R LM WR
Photographer Nonami Hiroshi tests the GF110mmF2 R LM WR in studio.
Photographer HASEO creates his world's vision with the GFX 50S and GF23mmF4 R LM WR.
X-Photographer Niko Villegas from the Philippines shoots fashion with GFX 50S
X-Photographer Jan Gonzales shoots fashion with the GFX 50S.
Landscape photographer Shiro Hagihara climbs up the mountain for autumn leaves. Movie filmed 4K on a X-T2.
Commercial / Fine Art Photographer Seiichi Nakamura shoots light & water with the GFX 50S.
Jan Gonzales shoots automobile with the GFX 50S in warehouse.
Bernd Ritschel climbs up the mountain in Austria with the GFX 50S.
Supalerk Narubetkraisee shares his view on the GFX 50S.
Fine art photographer Claire Rosen tests the GFX 50S and GF Lenses
Ivan Joshua Loh tests the GFX 50S in various environment.
Victor Liu tests the GFX 50S shooting landscape photography.
Minoru Kobayashi tests the GFX 50S shooting cars in motion.
Per-Anders Jörgensen tests the GFX 50S on various locations.
Belgian X-Photographer Piet Van den Eynde takes the prototype of FUJIFILM GFX 50S and GF lenses to India for a test.
Photographer Natan Sans shoots wedding photography with the prototype of FUJIFILM GFX 50S and GF lenses.
Photographer Yinghui Wu shoots landscape phtotography with the prototype of FUJIFILM GFX 50S and GF lenses.
Photographer Itaru Hirama shoots with the prototype of FUJIFILM GFX 50S and GF lenses in studio
X-Photographer Serkan Günes visits Swedish Laplands with the prototype of FUJIFILM GFX 50S and GF lenses in hand.
Pål Laukli from Norway tests the prototype of FUJIFILM GFX 50S for studio shoot
Philippe Marinig visits Kyoto with the GFX 50S and GF lenses to shoot maiko portraiture
Professional Japanese photographer Hiroshi Nonami tests the prototype FUJIFILM GFX 50S and GF lenses in the studio
Professional Japanese photographer Satoshi Minakawa tests the prototype FUJIFILM GFX 50S and GF lenses in the studio.
Documentary footage of the Fujifilm staff involved in the development of GFX.
Yeni GFX sistemi hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinmek için PDF broşürü indirebilirsiniz.


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More Marketing Services
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We'll act as your full-service agency or support your in-house team – whatever it takes to get the results you need.
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Our passionate, engaged readers provide unique insights that help us precisely target digital campaigns. Then we add reliable third-party data and extended networks to fine-tune your approach. Target audiences by content, geography, behavior, interests and demographics – even mobile device – to deliver your message exactly where it needs to go.
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We'll help you produce eye-catching ads if you lack the time, talent or resources to do it in-house. Our ad production team is experienced in both print and digital design, from simple ads to interactive experiences. And we stay on top of the latest trends, including mobile, video and rich media.
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Effective business websites, minus the hassle, complexity and high-cost. We build custom websites that please visitors and search engines alike, while providing a seamless mobile experience. These turnkey WordPress sites include tools to generate leads – like contact forms and maps – and we handle the setup for you, from domain registration and hosting to analytics.


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Selena Gomez: Why I'm Completely In Love With Justin Bieber
Selena says Justin is exactly what she needs in her life — read on to find out the secret to their happy and healthy relationship!
Selena Gomez is head-over-heels in love with Justin Bieber! The 19-year-old superstar graces her first-ever Cosmopolitan cover and she looks phenomenal. In her in depth interview, Selena says looking back she feels like she "wasted" time dating other boys!
"It was like a year of my life completely wasted," she says of dating an ex-boyfriend who remains unidentified in the article. But why is she so in love with Justin? Is it because he takes her on lavish dates all over the world?
"I'm just like every 19-year-old girl," she says. "If you're in love, you're in love to the fullest, and you just want to go to the movies, hang out, and be as normal as possible. I'm fortunate that I've found someone who has that philosophy."
That is just the sweetest thing, it's amazing to see how happy Justin makes Selena!
"[Love] is the most powerful thing," she adds. "When it comes to my family, friends, a relationship … it centers me. You only live once, and I want to be proud of everything that I do and just have fun. I want to be able to say that I had a really fulfilled, fun life."
— Chloe Melas
More Selena:


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What better way to get attention at a design fair than with an artfully designed booth? Taking this logic to heart, students at Germany's Trier University of Applied Science turned late night pizza cravings into an ultra-unique booth at the imm cologne design fair. Their cardboard creation is made entirely from recycled pizza boxes arranged with the help of a computer program called Booth Generator.
The students used the Booth Generator program to design a structure using information about the site balanced with their booth's requirements. According to the students, "We have contrasted a high-tech design tool with the low-tech and easy to recycle material "pizza box": the layering of an actually trite material becomes aesthetically exaggerated through its gradual shifts and deformations."
The Booth-generator is an efficient way to build booths out of any number of materials — we're excited to see what else the students come up with!
Via Dezeen


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The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and all members of the Travel & Tourism community share a common customer - the traveling public - and a common goal - ensuring that our customers are well prepared for their journey. The TSA has put together the most up-to-date and comprehensive set of information on aviation security.
First and foremost, the TSA suggests that you arrive two (2) hours prior to your scheduled departure time. For more key travel tips, click here.
Click here for TSA customer service and the latest security information.
Click here for information following the December 25, 2009 incident.


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By Paul Sandle
LONDON (Reuters) - British chip designer ARM Holdings beat first-quarter profit forecasts, driven by buoyant demand for smartphones and tablets that use its processor technology and the strength of the dollar.
Chief financial officer Tim Score predicted the success of customers like Apple and Samsung would help the firm to continue outperforming rivals, boosting its high-flying shares over 8 percent on Tuesday.
ARM licenses its processor blueprints to chip-makers like Qualcomm, and it receives a royalty on every chip shipped in devices ranging from Samsung's Galaxy S4 and Apple's iPhone 5 mobile phones to dishwashers and running machines.
The Cambridge-based company reported a 44 percent jump in first-quarter adjusted pretax profit to 89.4 million pounds ($136.3 million), ahead of analysts' average forecast of 77.6 million. Revenue rose 28 percent to 170.3 million pounds.
The results reflect the popularity of tablets, like Apple's iPad, and smartphones as holiday season gifts. ARM reports revenue a quarter in arrears, so its first-quarter numbers are based on chips shipped in the last three months of 2012.
"We benefited from the growth of smartphones, tablets, and smart TVs, as well as our customers gaining market share in embedded products, such as chips going into cars, industrial automation and consumer white goods," Score said.
Consumers are choosing tablets over traditional PCs, which are mainly powered by Intel processors. Apple alone contributes about 20 percent of ARM's processor royalties, analysts estimate.
Royalty revenue grew 33 percent year on year in the quarter, generated from 2.6 billion ARM-processor-based chips shipped in the quarter before. That compares with industry revenue growth of about 2 percent.
Even low-cost smart devices can contain multiple chips based on ARM technology, like its advanced Cortex-A series processors and Mali graphics, which carry a higher royalty rate than its older designs.
ARM also collects most of its revenue in the dollar, which has strengthened by nearly 7 percent against the pound since the start of 2013.
Score said ARM would again outperform the industry in the second quarter, and for the rest of the year, though to a lesser extent than in the first quarter.
Industry data pointed to a 10 percent decline in quarter-on-quarter revenues, reflecting the usual post-Christmas lull, he said. ARM had beaten the industry by about 15-20 percent in the last five or so years, and he expected that trend to continue.
The strong numbers will see chief executive Warren East depart on a high point. East steps down on July 1 after 12 years to be replaced by company insider Simon Segars.
Analysts had expected ARM to report full-year revenue of $1.06 billion before any upgrades following Tuesday's numbers.
Shares in the company were up 8.5 percent at 942.5 pence by 1045 GMT, although still short of the 12-year high of 985 pence reached last month.
Berenberg analyst Adnaan Ahmad, who has ARM as the only "buy" among 20 "sells" in the stocks he covers, said a higher proportion of revenue from royalties against licensing had helped ARM to boost margins to 50.5 percent from 44.5 percent.
The big question mark over ARM remained the valuation, he said. Its share trade at an industry-leading multiple of more than 40 times forecast earnings, against 19 times for the sector, according to Thomson Reuters data.
"The stock has (nearly) doubled in the last six months, so people are bullish generally but the buy side is wary on the valuation," Ahmad said.
($1 = 0.6560 British pounds)
(Editing by Kate Holton and Mark Potter)


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Anti-viral meme
Ok, so Log Base 2 has been in hibernation lately. So what has reactivated this blog? Anti-viral tissues, that's what! At the drugstore today, I saw a box of Kleenex Anti-Viral tissues. Yikes, I thought: Kleenex impregnated with Tamiflu! Well, to be honest I can't tell for sure ...
Here's how the manufacturers of Kleenex describe their product:
"Only KLEENEX® Anti-Viral* Tissue has a moisture-activated middle layer that is scientifically proven to kill cold and flu viruses.* When moisture from a runny nose, cough or sneeze comes in contact with KLEENEX® Anti-Viral* Tissue's special middle layer, cold and flu viruses are trapped and killed."Their footnote clarifies:
"* In the tissue within 15 minutes. Virucidal against: Rhinoviruses Type 1A and 2 (rhinoviruses are the leading cause of the common cold); Influenza A and Influenza B (causes of the flu); Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV, the leading cause of lower respiratory infection in children)."Incidentally, the image above depicts the RSV virus. (And double-incidentally, it bugs me that in that last sentence, the word "virus" is effectively repeated. Like when you say "PIN number". Or "double-incidentally".)
Anyway, I guess the chemical constituents of Kleenex Anti-Viral tissues are a trade secret, because the best description I can find on their website is that it's a "blue-dot layer with special anti-viral* formula". Of course! It's those ingenious blue dots!
I do wonder, however, if perhaps this will just breed Kleenex-Anti-Viral-resistant viruses. Similarly, I've wondered if the ubiquitous anti-bacterial agent, triclosan isn't doing something similar with bacteria. But maybe you could say the same thing about good old soap? Hmmm ... I think we need a microbiologist to comment.
I leave you with this rather entertaining commercial for Kleenex Anti-Viral from YouTube.
Update 04Jan2007: I did a little investigation, and believe I've uncovered the secret of the blue dots! It's U.S. patent number 7115273, which is for:
"A soothing anti-viral lotion composition and a lotioned tissue product having a surface with the lotion composition applied thereto, and methods for making and using the same. The lotion composition includes an anti-viral organic acid and a topical delivery system. The topical delivery system includes one or more polyesters which allow incorporation of the organic acids into the lotion formulation, controls their delivery, and maintains them in the stratum corneum. The lotion composition may optionally contain a surfactant, an irritation inhibiting agent, and other additives."(In case you're wondering, those additives may include "oils, waxes, fatty alcohols, humectants, and the like.") And how do you squeeze all that into a tissue?
"The anti-viral lotion composition may be applied to the tissue product by any of the methods known in the art such as gravure printing, flexographic printing, spraying, WEKO, slot die coating, or electrostatic spraying."Translation: blue dots! The patent goes into lots more technical detail. A brief sampling:
"Preferred anti-viral organic acids comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids having the structure R-COOH, wherein R is a C.sub.1 C.sub.6 alkyl; C.sub.1 C.sub.6 alkyl carboxy; C.sub.1 C.sub.6 alkyl carboxyhydroxy; C.sub.1 C.sub.6 alkyl carboxy halo; C.sub.1 C.sub.6 alkylcarboxy dihydroxy; C.sub.1 C.sub.6 alkyl dicarboxyhydroxy; C.sub.1 C.sub.6 lower alkenyl; C.sub.1 C.sub.6 alkenyl carboxy; C.sub.1 C.sub.6 alkenyl phenyl; or substituted phenyl radical."That tissue you're holding is a miracle of modern chemistry!


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What have I missed? I am completely baffled, perplexed, beyond confused.
I sometimes feel like a modern-day Rumpelstiltskin – like I have somehow drifted off into a 20-year sleep, and have now awakened in a different time and place. My country has somehow morphed into a place with which I no longer can identify. And it has happened so quickly, so dramatically, that I am perplexed as to how this transformation has taken place.
We all know that the success of our higher education system is vital to the success of our state.
This column is not about all the good things or all the failings of our individual institutions of higher education. Let's just say we have some great institutions and some not-so-great ones. At the great institutions, we do some things well and some things not so well. At the weaker institutions, we do some things well and some things not so well.
In short, there's room for improvement at all of them.
In December 2014, a bill was introduced in the S.C. Senate by Larry Grooms of District 37 and Danny Verdin of District 9. The bill asks Congress to hold a convention of the states for the sole purpose of amending the U.S. Constitution to allow states to define and regulate marriage.
This bill arrived in the Senate one month after the Supreme Court agreed to review a same-sex marriage case because the circuit courts had given conflicting rulings on the constitutionality of marriages of this variety. A ruling on the case would set a national legal precedent.
One of the University of South Carolina's biggest embarrassments of recent years is currently hiding another.
Editor's note: Ray Craig, a Republican from Lake Wylie running in the June 14 primary against incumbent U.S. Rep. Mick Mulvaney of Indian Land, spoke to the Hickory Grove Volunteer Fire Department on Monday. Here are some excerpts.
OK, Bernie and Hillary supporters. Consider this.
Why do you want a free or no-debt college degree? To get a better job. Why do you want a better job? To make a better wage. But why have a better job and higher wage in the Bernie and Hillary economy, where if you do succeed you don't get to keep that higher wage? You become a cash cow for those who want things for free.
After a while people will figure out that the more they work, the more they pay, and soon they will stop working and just settle for the free stuff.
Etc are three little letters we run across most every day. We hardly notice them. But when it comes to South Carolina and our future, 'etc' can be a real disaster or it can be our great hope.
Confused? Let me explain.
Etc (usually written with a period at the end as etc.) is short for et cetera, a Latin phrase that the Cambridge Dictionary defines as "and other similar things." Another way of thinking about etc is "more of the same."
South Carolina during April will mount a coordinated effort to eliminate access to alcohol by young people under age 21, striving to ensure a safe prom season and end to the school year.
The program will involve law enforcement, alcohol-abuse prevention specialists and other community members throughout the state, joining to increase enforcement of the state's laws and to launch a public education blitz.
Christopher Sardelli reported for The Lancaster News from 2008 until last week, when he left for a communications job in Charlotte. In March he was named the S.C. Press Association's weekly journalist of the year.
I can remember it like it was yesterday.
I was standing in the living room of the Stroud family home with piles of photographs spread in front of me.
Health care is always changing, brought on by scientific breakthroughs, technological advancements, government regulation and reform. But there is one constant: physicians still shoulder the ultimate responsibility for a patient's care, whether it be in the emergency room, on the operating table or in a clinic.
From the days of Hippocrates, doctors have held the fate of their fellow human beings in their hands – and certainly in their hearts.
Copyright © 2018
The Lancaster News is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Lancaster County and Lancaster, South Carolina, and the surrounding area..


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Comparing class alias proposals
From HaskellWiki
John Meacham's proposal for type class aliases has been around for a few years now. It has not been implemented yet; instead, several variations to his original proposal have come up. In this document we collect those ideas and their motivations in a hopefully clear overview. We also point out potential pitfalls or things that need more pondering: many ideas look very attractive and promising but prove troublesome when made formal. We believe this is the main reason they haven't been implemented yet.
For each idea we give a motivation from the point of view of a stakeholder. We identify three stakeholders:
- the designer of a class or class hierarchy;
- the author of class instances;
- the programmer using the classes and instances.
Furthermore, most motivations can be grouped into two categories:
- increasing the flexibility of the class system, useful when designing new API;
- changing an existing API while maintaining backwards compatibility.
1 List of proposals
We've found the following documents that propose extensions or variations of the original proposal:
- John Meacham's original proposal
- Context alias
- Superclass defaults
- Class system extension proposal
- GHC ticket 788: Class aliases
2 Context synonyms
The most basic idea is that of a context synonym (CS):
context BoundedEnum a = (Bounded a, Enum a) context SatisfyA f s = (Satisfy f, Alternative f, Input f ~ s)
A context synonym may appear anywhere a context is allowed:
- in the type signature of a function;
- in a data type or constructor;
- in a superclass constraint.
The arguments to a CS have to be kind-checked. In the examples above:
Bounded, Enum, BoundedEnum :: * -> Context Satisfy, Alternative :: (* -> *) -> Context Input :: (* -> *) -> * SatisfyA :: (* -> *) -> * -> Context
Context synonyms are synonymous and interchangable with their right-hand sides, much like type synonyms. Specifically, they do not define any new classes (dictionaries) or functions. Ideally, they can be exported and documented, just like type synonyms.
Motivation: CS's are useful when a particularly long context keeps popping up, something that often happens when type-level programming is applied, for example with generic programming. They are interesting for programmers using already existing classes.
3 Higher-order context synonyms
Possible additions to the context synonyms include:
May a CS's RHS refer to other CS's? For example:
context Foo a = (BoundedEnum a, Eq a, Ord a)
This introduces the possibility of loops. Should loops be forbidden? It could be argued that in some cases of loops, the CS's transitive closure should be used, but this is only acceptable if the closure is finite. It seems more elegant to just forbid all loops.
Apart from type constructors, may a CS's variables be class constructors (things of kind ... -> Context) as well? For example:
context Bar a = a Int
Here Bar :: (* -> Context) -> Context
May CS's be passed as arguments to other CS's? For example:
context Biz = Bar BoundedEnum
May CS's be partially applied? Consider these alternate definitions of BoundedEnum:
context BoundedEnum a = (Bounded, Enum) a context BoundedEnum = (Bounded, Enum)
This would overload the
, separator to accept not just things of kind * as operands, but things of any kind, as long as the kinds of both operands are equal.
Motivation: these ideas are direct extensions of context synonyms and are useful for clients.
4 Instances of class aliases
One of John Meacham's main reasons for his proposal is the lack of possibilities for abstraction in the current class system: "there is no way to hide the fact that you changed a class hierarchy", he writes. Therefore, he introduces the possibility of writing instances of class aliases:
class alias Num a = (Additive a, AdditiveNegation a, Multiplicative a, FromInteger a) instance Num a where zero = ... (+) = ... (-) = ... negate = ... one = ... (*) = ... fromInteger = ...
Motivation: Class designers can now later split up a class in smaller classes if they redefine the initial class as a class alias for the new, smaller type classes. More specifically, this could solve the Num hierarchy problem: how to redefine the Num-related type classes in the prelude while maintaining backwards compatibility?
John's example above introduces new functions
zero and
one which conflicts with the idea of splitting up Num in strict subclasses. However, this problem is (supposedly?) solved by overriding superclass defaults; see below. Also,
signum and
abs are not present in the example, but they may be added to the appropriate subclasses.
John's proposal can be decomposed into two smaller steps:
- being able to write one instance header for several instances at the same time
- then replacing the several type classes by a class alias.
It seems that at this point a CS is still interchangable with its RHS at all times.
4.1 Class alias or context synonym?
Can class aliases as used above be read as "context synonyms"? Certainly not without noting that context synonyms may include equality constraints, which make no sense when writing instances of class aliases. If class aliases are to piggyback on context synonyms, then we need to think carefully about what form such a context synonym should have for instances to make sense. Equality constraints are most likely not the only difference.
5 Overriding superclass defaults
5.1 In normal type classes
class Functor f => Applicative f where pure :: a -> f a (<*>) :: f (a -> b) -> f a -> f b
In current Haskell, the header means two things:
- if you want to write an instance of
Applicative, your type should already be an instance of
- wherever a constraint (dictionary requirement)
Applicativeappears, a constraint
Functoris implied.
However, such a superclass constraint is often added to mean: if a type is
Applicative, then we trivially have an instance of
Functor (namely by defining
fmap = (<*>) . pure). Sadly, there is no way to automate this in Haskell; programmers still have to define explicit instances for
Functor. The following comes close:
instance Applicative f => Functor f where fmap = (<*>) . pure
Except this doesn't work well with the way instances are resolved now: the head of the instance basically says: any type is a Functor. The superclass constraint isn't checked until after the irrevocable match has been made.
Class system extension proposal suggests something like the following to fix this issue:
class Functor f => Applicative f where pure :: a -> f a (<*>) :: f (a -> b) -> f a -> f b fmap = (<*>) . pure
I.e. allow a class to provide or override default implementations of functions from superclasses. This means that writing an instance of Applicative implies also writing an instance of Functor. What should happen if there already is an instance of Functor in scope?