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Bement Bridge #14May 23. 2013 3:25PM
Bradford Center Road
Bradford, NH
The Bement Bridge is the newest of three bridges at this location. Stephen H. Long, a Hopkinton native and U.S. Army Engineer, is said to have built the structure entirely of hemlock for $500. Much of Colonel Long's bridge building experience came from his employment with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. While working for the railroad, he developed a plan for a new covered bridge truss that became nationally known as the Long truss. Long patented his design in 1830. In 1835 and 1837 he patented improvements to the design. The bridge is posted with a weight limit of three tons.
Year of Construction: - 1854
Original Cost: - $500
One quarter mile north of the intersection of N.H. Routes 103 and 114 on the Bradford Center Road in Bradford. The bridge spans the west branch of the Warner River.
Long truss system. The bridge is 60'6" long with a clear span of 53'9". It has an overall width of 19'3" with a roadway width of 16'2", and a maximum vertical clearance of 13'2". It is posted for three tons.
* e-Edition subscription required


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DENVER (AP) — Denver police say one person has been shot in the leg and another is down with unknown injuries after shots were fired at a marijuana celebration held to mark the counterculture holiday 4/20.
Witnesses say they heard three or more shots about 20 minutes after 4:20 p.m. Police swarmed the scene, and crime tape was around the pavilion where the celebration was being held.
Aerial footage showed the massive crowd frantically running from the park.
The pot celebration Saturday was the first since Colorado and Washington made marijuana legal for recreational use.
A sizable police force on motorcycles and horses watched the celebration. But officers didn't arrest people for smoking in public, which is still illegal.
A crowd estimate wasn't immediately available, but organizers predicted some 80,000 at the nation's largest 4/20 observation.

subset: commoncrawl


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Frequently Asked Questions
Here's where you'll find an extensive and organized list of FAQ's about the show, site, cast and other ZOOMy things.
Technical Support
Having a technical problem? Visit this area devoted entirely to helping you get the most out of the ZOOM Web site. Here you'll find Tech FAQ as well as help with Shockwave/Flash, QuickTime, Real Player, and Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Contact Us
Got a question you don't see addressed in FAQ's or Tech Support? Use one of our specialized feedback forms to get your message through. (But take a good look through our other Help areas first... chances are good you'll find what you're looking for!)
not yet implemented


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The Postal Service and Its Obligation
Most people probably don't know what a universal service obligation is, much less that the Postal Service is bound by one. But a USO, as it's commonly called, is essential to ensuring that everyone receives the mail service they need. And the Postal Service's USO is long overdue for updating and clarification, as you can see in our new white paper, Guiding Principles for a New Universal Service Obligation.


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LocationWixom, MI
25000 Assembly Park Dr.
Wixom, MI 48393
New 2018 Coachmen RV Apex Ultra-Lite 259BHSS
If you are looking for "double" the fun then take a look at the Coachmen Apex Ultra Lite travel trailer model 259BHSS. This model features dual slide outs for added space, double bed bunks which allows this unit to sleep 8, and dual entry doors for added convenience.
Step inside the entry door furthest to the front and see a bedroom to the right featuring a queen size bed, wardrobes on both sides, and overhead storage also.
The entertainment center just outside the bedroom door along the interior wall can easily be viewed from any seating in the room.
A slide out u-shaped dinette and wardrobe/pantry features plenty of seating for everyone during mealtime, and there is also exterior storage in this slide out.
Along the opposite side of the trailer there is a second slide out featuring a three burner range, microwave, and refrigerator. The kitchen island provides added counter space and a double kitchen sink making cleanup a cinch.
In the rear right corner you will find a set of double bunk beds. It will be easy to take along some extra family or friends. The ladder makes getting to the top bunk easy.
Along the opposite side you will find a convenient bathroom with toilet, sink, tub/shower, and private entry. The separate entry makes it easy to access from outside the trailer when enjoying the outdoors.
There is plenty of storage throughout this unit, beneath the bunks, and in the dinette slide out. Plus, the front pass-through compartment is perfect for all of your exterior camping gear, and so much more!
Like most: Dear Steve, Thank you for being our salesperson. I am very happy that we are getting a new camper. I am also happy that we chose General RV Center as our main RV store. Without General RV Center, we would of never found "the perfect camper". I found out that we are going to Indiana! I will write it down! We will see Amish people! I just wanted to say Thank You. From, Jennifer - Art from Fenton, MI
Stock# 162202
|28 ft
|Ext Width
|8 ft
|Ext Height
|10 ft 8 in
|Hitch Weight
|680 lbs
|Gross Weight
|7500 lbs
|Dry Weight
|5548 lbs
|Fresh Water Capacity
|50 gals
|Grey Water Capacity
|35 gals
|Black Water Capacity
|35 gals
|Number Of Bunks
|Available Beds
|Refrigerator Type
|Stainless Steel Double Door
|Cooktop Burners
|Number of Awnings
|LP Tank Capacity
|40000 lbs.
|Water Heater Capacity
|6 gal.
|Water Heater Type
|13500 btu
|Awning Info
|18' Power
|Number of LP Tanks
At Coachmen you will find a rich history of commitment from our Team Members. This commitment extends to our owners and in the pride we have for our brand. The close relationship that we share with our owners and our dealers is a quality that others have been trying to mimic over our 50 year history. Our goals and principles remain well in focus.
Coachmen RV products have been on North American roads and in North American campgrounds since 1964.
With over five decades of building Recreational Vehicles and over 600,000 RVs built and sold we know how to design and build a reliable RV with exceptional value, dependable design, practical innovation and the comforts and features you desire.
General RV works hard to ensure the accuracy of all its listings however we are not responsible for any misprints, typos, or errors found in our website pages. Any price listed excludes sales tax, registration tags, and delivery fees. Manufacturer-provided pictures, specifications and features may be used as needed. Inventory shown may be only a partial listing of the entire inventory. Please contact us at 888-436-7578 for availability as our inventory changes rapidly. All calculated payments are an estimate only and do not constitute a commitment that financing or a specific interest rate or term is available.


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You're Free To Stay Put
Martin Luther was once approached by a man who enthusiastically announced that he'd recently become a Christian. Wanting desperately to serve the Lord, he asked Luther, "What should I do now?" As if to say, should he become a minister or perhaps a traveling evangelist. A monk, perhaps.
Luther asked him, "What is your work now?"
"I'm a shoe maker."
Much to the cobbler's surprise, Luther replied, "Then make a good shoe, and sell it at a fair price."
In becoming a Christian, we don't need to retreat from the vocational calling we already have—nor do we need to justify that calling, whatever it is, in terms of its "spiritual" value or evangelistic usefulness. We simply exercise whatever our calling is with new God-glorifying motives, goals, and standards—and with a renewed commitment to performing our calling with greater excellence and higher objectives.
One way we reflect our Creator is by being creative right where we are with the talents and gifts he has given us. As Paul says, "Each one should remain in the condition in which he was called. So, brothers, in whatever condition each was called, there let him remain with God" (1 Corinthians 7:20,24). As we do this, we fulfill our God-given mandate to reform, to beautify, our various "stations" for God's glory–giving this world an imperfect preview of the beautification that will be a perfect, universal actuality when Jesus returns to finish what he started.
For church leaders, this means that we make a huge mistake when we define a person's "call" in terms of participation inside the church—nursery work, Sunday school teacher, youth worker, music leader, and so on. We need to help our people see that their calling is much bigger than how much time they put into church matters. By reducing the notion of calling to the exercise of spiritual gifts inside the church, we fail to help our people see that calling involves everything we are and everything we do—both inside and, more importantly, outside the church.
I once heard Os Guinness address a question about why the church in the late 20th century was not having a larger impact in our world when there were more people going to church than ever before. He said the main reason was not that Christians weren't where they should be. There are plenty of artists, lawyers, doctors, and business owners that are Christians. Rather, the main reason is that Christians aren't who they should be right where they are.
"Calling", he said, "is the truth that God calls us to himself so decisively that everything we are, everything we do, and everything we have is invested with a special devotion, dynamism, and direction."
So, you're free to stay put, right where you are.


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TRENTON, N.J. (AP) — Republican Gov. Chris Christie may have "prayed" for Superstorm Sandy because it has provided political cover for his failed economic policies, the Democratic leader of the state Senate said Monday.
Senate President Stephen Sweeney, the state's most powerful elected Democrat and a possible contender for his party's nomination for governor, said Christie's jobs plan before the late October storm was a disaster and now the reconstruction will provide an economic boost through thousands of new construction jobs.
He said Sandy, which killed people in 10 states but hit New York and New Jersey the hardest, flooding neighborhoods, knocking out power and destroying homes, helped hide the failings of Christie's first term, including persistently high unemployment and housing foreclosures.
"His jobs package is a hurricane," Sweeney said during a press conference on Monday, the day before Christie was set to deliver his State of the State message. "I guess he prayed a lot and got lucky because a storm came."
Sweeney immediately apologized for the remark.
The governor's office and leading Republicans pounced on Sweeney anyway.
"No one prayed for what New Jersey has endured," Christie spokesman Michael Drewniak said. "This is politics at its worst."
The storm, formed when Hurricane Sandy merged with two other weather systems, is the worst natural disaster in New Jersey, where it has racked up $36.9 billion in damage, mitigation and prevention costs. Christie, who lauded President Barack Obama for offering assistance and then openly criticized Congress for delaying funding, has been catapulted to record-high popularity for his handling of the storm, and he is now considered a strong contender for the Republican presidential nomination in 2016.
Public opinion polls after the Oct. 29 storm showed Christie had won over virtually every voting constituency in the Democratic-leaning state, even women and minorities, who had not supported him in the past.
Sweeney said Monday evening his remark about praying for a storm was a "misstatement," but he maintained his point.
"The governor is using the storm to paper over his failure to lead on issues like job creation, economic growth, women's issues, health care and housing," Sweeney said in a statement. "He has already said the storm 'erased the blackboard,' meaning he is going to use it as an excuse to ignore every other issue in New Jersey."
Christie, in an interview last week, said so much time in the next year will be spent recovering from Sandy that his administration won't have time to do most other things.
"This has come to supersede most of the rest of the first-term agenda," Christie said.
The governor announced his intent to run for re-election in part for the chance to lead the state through the post-storm rebuilding.
Only one Democrat, state Sen. Barbara Buono, of Metuchen, has declared an intent to challenge Christie, but she doesn't have the support of the party's bosses. Sweeney on Monday said he was looking to recruit another candidate and might run himself.
Sweeney predicted the governor would use the State of the State speech to paint a rosier picture than reality suggests: increased poverty, 9.6 percent unemployment and the second-highest foreclosure rate in the country.
A budget snapshot presented last week by the Legislature's fiscal expert concluded that Sandy has had little impact on revenue collections, which have missed the Christie administration's targets for each of the past seven months and may force midyear budget cuts.
Sweeney was joined by Democratic Majority Leader Loretta Weinberg, of Bergen County, who said six family planning centers have closed and countless others have seen their hours reduced since Christie failed to fund them. Democratic Sen. Nia Gill, of Essex County, criticized the governor for vetoing legislation that would have allowed the state to set up its own health care exchange to comply with Obama's health care overhaul.


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MEDFORD, Ore. (AP) — A man and woman who threw a party for teens featuring booze and marijuana will spend time behind bars for their roles in the death of an Oregon girl who died after inhaling helium.
The two adults dropped their not guilty pleas Tuesday in Jackson County Circuit Court in Medford on criminal charges stemming from the 2012 death of 14-year-old Ashley Long.
The Mail Tribune (http://bit.ly/WNUAdg) reports 28-year-old Katherine McAloon was sentenced to 28 months in prison and 33-year-old Richard Mowery was sentenced to 90 days in jail and $10,000 restitution.
Ashley's mother, Lori Earp, showed the courtroom a lock of hair she said was all she had left of her daughter. Stepfather Justin Earp described Ashley as a bright and compassionate girl who wanted to be a marine biologist.


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Great Woodshops: Rosewood Studio
This Canadian school has its roots in the College of the Redwoods.
By Christopher Schwarz
Pages: 79-83
From the August 2004 issue #142
Buy this issue now
The photographic image of cabinetmaker and teacher James Krenov looks down from the door of Robert Van Norman's tool cabinet as he carefully pulls out the planes, spokeshaves and chisels he has fashioned to build chairs and cabinets of his own design.
Picking up the rear post of a chair from his bench, Van Norman matches the sole of a wooden compass plane to the inside radius of the dramatically curved piece of wood. What is immediately apparent by this simple act is that the plane has been made with as much care and skill as the post. Chip-carved into the stock of the plane are a series of small depressions on the sidewalls and on the top of the tool's toe. Though the carvings are indeed decorative, they also allow the user to grip the plane with remarkable force. The tool feels like an extension of the woodworker's arm.
"Toolmaking is an important part of what we do here at Rosewood Studio," says Van Norman, an instructor at the Almonte, Ontario, school. "We get into metalworking a little bit here – it helps the woodworking."
From the August 2004 issue #142
Buy this issue now


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Bookmarking is a great way to save things for later follow-up or to revisit on a regular basis.
While your browser's built-in bookmarks make for a quick and easy visit to your favorite sites, external bookmarking sites can extend to images, quotes, articles and more.
If you use bookmarks often, you may need a better way to organize them and incorporate them effectively into your workday.
In this article I'll highlight three bookmarking tools that can help boost your productivity.


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|2012-11-20, 20:05
|Link #2362
Left for TFF
Despite the fact that it's a charging kick, Zafira's kick DOES go through weaker attacks like they aren't there.
Only problem with the Florian Sisters is that they're very... Slow to adjust to movements.
|2012-11-20, 21:55
|Link #2365
Goat Herder
Join Date: Jun 2008
Age: 31
|2012-11-20, 22:08
|Link #2366
Burst Mode
Amitie and Kyrie's bind + warp is pretty broken.
|2012-11-20, 22:43
|Link #2368
Otaku Apprentice
|2012-11-21, 03:11
|Link #2370
Left for TFF
It's not like Reinforce's, Levi's or Precia's circle ranged attacks, THOSE are the broken ones.
|2012-12-16, 19:51
|Link #2371
A Drifter...
|2013-01-22, 18:27
|Link #2373
A Drifter...
|2013-01-23, 03:12
|Link #2374
Sleep beneath the flowers
Join Date: May 2007
Location: Lording above all of humanity >;3
Age: 28
How in the heck do you beat Nanoha in Sequence 6? I somehow managed to beat Vita once, but when I retried it yesterday during lunch, she stomped me. Tried Nanoha and she stomped me for like 20 minutes straight.
Just tears Chrono apart, and seems to always know exactly when I'm going to attack for a counter, then just BAM Divine Buster combo. Painful. Also, is she using BLASTER?
|2013-01-23, 10:14
|Link #2375
Left for TFF
And, yes, that's the single hardest fight in the game. You go up against one of the best characters at dealing damage with the worst character at dealing damage.
Best thing to do is give up.
And I was kidding.
Anyway, best thing you can do is stay just outside of melee range and use the basic square attack, then get IN to melee range and attack, if she tries to counter, she'll get hit by the "Jinta" attacks and you can get some free hits in that way.
Edit: Okay, I just did the fight again to see if I could win.
The trick is to be patient against her. She's going to attack in melee almost all the time, my first move is to always open with a counter-stance. I know it's hard, but Chrono DOES have slightly better range than Nanoha does in melee.
Anyway, when you're blasted to long range (it's going to happen), use Jinta and then move TOWARDS her. Dodge slightly to the side if you think she's going to divine buster you, but keep using Jinta and moving towards her. If you get her blocking, that's good, because you can eventually get her to block everything (which drains her mana bar) that you do as you get closer to her.
And, again, you have to be patient and hit counter when she makes a move. I know it takes time, but if you can get the timing down (and trust me, it's VERY helpful to know that the first thing the AI does is move forward and attack you), you should be able to pull ahead.
If she goes FDB and hit you, don't be afraid to use your own FDB to knock her back, just hit it again quickly enough to hit her before she gets away and out of range.
Last edited by Nanya01; 2013-01-23 at 10:26. Reason: Giving tips
|2013-01-23, 10:49
|Link #2376
Sleep beneath the flowers
Join Date: May 2007
Location: Lording above all of humanity >;3
Age: 28
Thanks for the tips, I'll see about trying again. I have no idea how I beat Vita in this sequence instead either, because she stomped me so bad when I tried it again.
And I thought U-D was hard in Final Sequence... (as anyone except Einhart, who completely makes her a cake walk).
Hyperion Smasher, huh? I was just listening to the game a bit and I swear it sounds like Chrono called it "Blaster", and I think if you use SLB during U-D's final fight, Nanoha says "Blast shoot".
|2013-01-23, 11:02
|Link #2377
Left for TFF
Actually, U-D is only hard in the first round, I have no problem with her in the 2nd round.
heck, other than Chrono and Shamal, most of the characters can K.O. U-D fairly easily. Granted, I have trouble with Kyrie K.O.ing U-D (or even winning at times).
Einhart - Counter stance
Signum - spam her sword fire attack.
Vita - spam swallow flier
Zafira - counter stance and charged Square (just get close without going full on melee range and you'll hit)
Shamal - wind walls are your friend
Chrono - Jinta, that's all you really got against her.
Kyrie - Triangle attacks and if she's moving towards you, charged square
Round 2?
Vivio - play her like you play Einhart and you should be okay. At long range, use charged triangles, then, after you hit, move forward and press grab to do a Divine Buster.
Nanoha - Divine Buster all day, every day.
Hayate - Charge Triangle and Circle attacks at range, when you get her once, just do a FDB to win.
Touma - same as Hayate, but mix in some square at range. And, yes, the FDB does KO her in one shot.
Amitie - if you beat her with Kyrie, just mix it up, she's got no weaknesses here, and a single FDB after taking her to 0 once will take her out.
Dearche - a bit harder, but stick with her charged circle attacks at range, try to hit U-D with the FDB after taking her out once, you'll drop her to like .00001 HP left. Do it again for massive overkill.
Fate - Hard to say, she's the least impressive, over-all of the characters that fight U-D in the final stage. Best thing to do is mix up between long and close range.
As a bonus, I'll throw in Levi and Stern from the previous stage
Stern - Blast Fire and Charged Pyro Shooter until her shield breaks, then beat on her some more.
Levi - two modes, normal and Sprite. (I could go for a Sprite right now), anyway, charged square is your friend (plus Levi goes "FUCK!" all the time when you do that. Okay, she's yelling "Spark", but it sounds like "Fuck", so leave it at that). If you think you know U-D well enough, go Sprite form, use her charged square and triangle attacks to MURDER that Mana bar. Then when the armor breaks, use charged circle attacks to take her out quickly.
|2013-01-23, 12:08
|Link #2378
Sleep beneath the flowers
Join Date: May 2007
Location: Lording above all of humanity >;3
Age: 28
I've actually beaten U-D with everyone except Chrono and Shamal. I only had to timeout win with Tohma, because... I didn't want to get killed. And his attacks are as slow as U-D's. Can KO her with just about anyone else.
It got easier once I realized the easiest way to beat her first form, is just play cheesy due to her super armor.
|2013-01-23, 13:11
|Link #2379
Left for TFF
I went and replayed the final fight against U-D today...
Managed to get a K.O with the following...
Dearche (less than 2 seconds left)
Amitie (first beat with Kyrie tho)
To time was with...
Fate (shockingly enough, I only managed to get her HP to 0, but then time ran out, but since Fate had full HP, she was given the win.)
still a bit upset that we couldn't have the twins in the first fight and Yuuno in the second round.
|2013-01-23, 20:05
|Link #2380
Senior Member
Join Date: Aug 2011
When you say "defense", do you mean a character's passive toughness against attacks that hit?
And on that note, how would you expect a match between a skilled Shamal player and a fair Yuuno player to go? When Shamal fought the Dark Piece Yuuno, I think she basically wore herself out wearing him down until he disappeared? Does that seem accurate?
Yuuno sure seems to have a lot of effective combos, and more than a few characters have very few. What's up with that? Is it a sign that the designers spent more thought on certain characters than others?
|Thread Tools


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Cursing your sick colleague for the infection you can feel settling into your chest? You might want to aim the finger of blame closer to home.
It's entirely possible you may have infected yourself with whatever respiratory bug has latched onto your lungs.
The same can be said about the some of the stomach-wrenching gastrointestinal ailments people occasionally get.
That's because with a number of infections, people sometimes self-inoculate.
They take germs they picked up on their hands when they were hanging onto bus poles or shaking a hand someone recently sneezed into and they deliver the bugs to places where those bugs can go from harmless to disease causing.
In a nutshell, they stick germ-coated fingers into their mouths, they rub their eyes, they are even known to poke a finger into a nostril.
And voila! Bug on skin becomes bug on mucus membrane — a much more porous surface and an easier route to a warm and welcoming place for the bug to migrate towards.
Handwashing and alcohol gels can slough those germs off your fingers.
And that's why public health officials repeat the handwashing mantra relentlessly, particularly during cold and flu season.
But a group of researchers suggests there's a part of the prevention equation that public health folks don't stress often enough: If you kept your fingers out of your mouth-nose-eyes, you'd lower your risk of self-inoculating.
"People touch their faces, touch their mouths, pick their noses and all of that. And in those behaviours they can bring these viruses that are on their hands to the muscosa … where they can really infect us," says Wladimir Alonso, an infectious diseases researcher at the U.S. National Institutes of Health's Fogarty International Center.
Alonso and some colleagues wrote a letter to the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases recently to make the point.
They had done a small study where they observed 249 randomly selected individuals in public spaces in Florianopolis, Brazil and on the Washington, D.C., subway system.
The individuals they observed touched common surfaces and their mouth and nose area at a rate of 3.3 and 3.6 touches respectively an hour.
Their point? Handwashing alone can't keep up with the infection potential of self-inoculation events. Or as they put it, "…the opportunities for hand re-contamination in public settings occurs at a much higher rate than any viable hand washing frequency."
They suggest public health campaigns should also teach people about how they infect themselves by touching their mucus membranes, so they become more aware of the role these behaviours could play in acquiring infection.
Dr. Jody Lanard likes the suggestion. A risk communications expert based in Princeton, N.J., Lanard monitors public health messaging about influenza closely, and says officials often overstate the benefits of handwashing.
That's not to say Lanard doesn't believe in handwashing. She is in fact a big fan of the practice.
But she'd prefer it if authorities stuck to the science — and says there isn't that much evidence handwashing cuts down on flu transmission. (That doesn't mean it doesn't, just that there aren't a lot of studies showing that it does. Studies aimed at answering this kind of question can be devilishly hard to do.)
Lanard thinks public health messaging should suggest that it's plausible that frequent handwashing reduces the risk of acquiring colds and the flu. "I love that word plausible. It covers up a whole lot of lack of good evidence."
And she says the idea of telling people about self-inoculation makes sense, because there are times when people simply cannot wash their hands, such as during a commute on public transit.
The author of a book on hygiene says public health messages about handwashing and self-inoculation should be synergistic. "I don't think it's an either-or thing," says Dr. Bonnie Henry, author of Soap and Water and Common Sense.
Henry is the medical director of communicable disease prevention and control services at the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control. She says it can be difficult to get people to think about self-inoculation.
"It doesn't resonate so much when you say 'Don't do something' that people aren't really conscious of doing in many cases," she says.
"Making them aware of it is important. But I think it's inevitable that you're going to touch your face and you really need to make sure that you clean your hands regularly because that's what's going to protect you at the end of the day."
"I always say 'It's not having bugs on your hands that's the issue. It's when you go to eat your sandwich or rub your eye. That's when you're going to get sick from it.' So I think the two messages have to go together."
Alonso says it's important to keep the issue in context. He doesn't want to turn people into hypochondriacs.
While people can self-inoculate, it isn't going to happen every time a person puts a finger into their mouth or rubs the bottom of their nose. That said, when there is a disease outbreak, such as a flu pandemic, having people aware of the role they can play in triggering their own infections could be helpful in slowing spread, he says.
"I do think it's important to make people aware that we touch our face way more than we realize, and that that's how we can sometimes transmit things," Henry agrees.


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Home > Clothing & Accessories > Women > Accessories > Scarves > Soft Georgette Women Scarf Long Shawl Wrap w/ Tassels - Gradient Blue
Product Details
This georgette scarf is super soft, comfortable, and lightweight. Perfect accessory for various styles of clothes!
- Material: Georgette
- With elegant long gradient tassels
- Fashionable design, exquisite workmanship
- Measurements (L x W): 59 x 21.5inch/ 148 x 55.5cm
- Length of Tassels (Approx.): 11.75inch/ 29.5cm
- Color: Gradient blue
Package Includes:
- 1 x Scarf
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2014 dodge grand-caravan Model Overview
Vehicle Overview
The minivan as we know it has existed for 30 years now, and Dodge is celebrating its status as the segments co-creator (with sibling Chrysler) with a special edition called the 2014 Dodge Grand Caravan 30th Anniversary Edition, which is essentially just a 2014 Grand Caravan with some special badging and trim. Like all 2014 Grand Caravans, the special edition has a single engine and transmission combo: a 3.6-liter V-6 making 283 hp and 260 lb-ft of torque, mated to a six-speed automatic transmission. Available only in front-wheel drive, the EPA rates the 2014 Grand Caravan at 17/25 mpg city/highway.
The last time we tested a Dodge Grand Caravan was during our 2012 Car of the Year program. Though it wasn't a finalist, the Grand Caravan proved more fun to drive than the Avenger sedan, "Faint praise, albeit. Stability control is less intrusive, grip is descent, transmission seems better calibrated, and the shifter is an easy reach from the steering wheel for manual shifting." Ultimately the Grand Caravan didn't win, with the lack of real differentiation between it and the related Chrysler Town & Country being a key sticking point.
The 2014 Dodge Grand Caravan 30th Anniversary Edition celebrates
the minivan's heritage with special badging, extra equipment (like standard satellite radio and Bluetooth), and the exclusive Granite Crystal Pearl paint color.
New for 2014
Nothing big in store for the 2014 Dodge Grand Caravan, other than the Grand Caravan 30th Anniversary Edition. Based off the Grand Caravan SE or SXT, it includes a unique paint color, special badging, piano black trim, unique upholstery, and extra standard features like Bluetooth, and Sirius. Otherwise the 2014 Grand Caravan carries over unchanged; with things like last year's murdered-out Blacktop package continuing into the new model year.
You'll Like
- Versatile Stow-N-Go Seating
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text: Student Profiles Juleah Swanson Juleah Swanson Why did you come to Bowdoin? Because Bowdoin is so far away from Seattle, people always wonder how a girl like me ended up in Maine. I have been answering this question for the past four years, and still I never really feel as though I have a sufficient answer. Although it was an odd criteria, I knew I had to go to a school near the ocean. I spent much of my childhood on the shores of Puget Sound and fishing in British Columbia and Alaska. Yet, I wanted to go somewhere completely new, somewhere not on the West Coast. Bowdoin's proximity to coastal Maine was perfect. The second factor that led me towards Bowdoin was honestly their admissions policy towards the SATs. Although I was a strong student in high school,I did absolutely horrible on the SATs. For many years Bowdoin's admissions policy has included an optional SAT/ACT component. Not submitting your SAT scores in no way hinders your chances of acceptance. Why did you choose your major? Especially at Bowdoin, the Women's Studies department and the courses that are offered intersect so many other fields of study that at times the only thing in common between a cross-listed English/Women's Studies course and a Sociology/Women's Studies course is the simple fact that something related to gender or sexuality will be included somewhere in the course syllabus. I came into Bowdoin with a very broad range of interests, wanting to study and do everything. Without even intending it, by sophomore year many of the courses that I took were also cross-listed with Women's Studies. Then when I took Women's Studies 201: Feminist Theory and Methodology, I found analyzing feminist theory absolutely fascinating. At that point I was sold. I take a lot of flak for being a Women's Studies major, especially when people ask, "So, what are you going to do with a major in Women's Studies?" The knowledge I have gained through my Women's Studies courses is something I use and will continue to use everyday of my life. Bowdoin is a liberal arts school, not a university where people graduate with a specialization in a specific occupational field. So, to those liberal arts students that ask me what I'll do with my major, I respond, "Well, what are you going to do with yours?" What's the best class you've ever taken at Bowdoin? It was hard to narrow it down but there are two courses that have really stood out as great courses. Sophomore year I took Sociology/History 242: Race, Gender, and Prisons with visiting Professor Micol Seigel. Professor Siegel was a firm believer in experiential learning. I think we had only one lecture the entire semester, the rest of the time we learned through dynamic hands-on activities. In addition, instead of taking a final exam we were required to do a major group project. What resulted from the group projects was incredible, one group started a book drive at the end of the semester for prison inmates, another group performed guerrilla style theater in the dining halls and build a jail cell in the union, and my group worked with Big Brother Big Sisters in Brunswick to try and connect Bowdoin student mentors with children who have an incarcerated parent or sibling. I also thoroughly enjoyed Women's Studies 261: Gender, Film, and Consumer Culture with Professor Jennifer Scanlon. All around it was just a solid course. The films we watched, the articles we read, and the discussions we had in class were all captivating. What extracurricular activities do you participate in? For all four years, I have been a coxswain on the Bowdoin Crew team. I love the sport of crew and have been rowing since I was in 8th grade. In high school I was on a pretty competitive club team in Seattle where the high school women's team alone had 60 people. Coming to Bowdoin, where the entire team was pushing 40 people, and only boats we row are fours as opposed to eights was a bit of a shock. Beyond the sport itself, it is the early morning mist, the osprey flying overhead, and especially friendly harbor seal named "Jumpy" that keeps me coming out at 5:30 every morning. In addition other activities have included the Asian Student Association, Safe Space (the student run hotline and awareness group on sexual assault and harassment), and I volunteer with Sexual Assault Support Services of Midcoast Maine as a peer educator going into middle and high schools around the area and discussing sexual harassment and sexual assault. What's your best Bowdoin memory? This past summer I had the opportunity to compete with the Bowdoin Crew team in the Henley Royal Regatta in England, which is like the crčme de la crčme of races in the rowing world. Because I am a coxswain for the men's team I lived in a house with six very smelly boys (and a dying cat). The experience was definitely a once in a lifetime opportunity to see the obscure, little Bowdoin crew team beat international teams of far greater prestige. What's your strangest or funniest experience while at Bowdoin? A hammock and random people defines living in the Tower last semester. My roommate Alex wanted to hang a hammock, but the walls wouldn't hold it, so she bought a concrete drill bit, borrowed an industrial strength electric drill, and spent two days drilling two inch deep holes into the cement ceiling in the common room. A cloud of cement dust permeated the room for days and our neighbors above us definitely complained. The hammock was so worth it though. Also, quite frequently random people would visit our quad or my room at two or three in the morning. Once it was a guy in a wetsuit, another time it was someone running through the bathrooms asking for a wrench, and twice I was sound asleep and people mistakenly waltzed into my room thinking it was their own room. Have you done any independent study/honors projects? I am currently working on an honors project in Women's Studies on retail tourism on Guam and how the Chamorro women who work within the retail industry perceive those who purchase high-end luxury goods. Over winter break, I have the opportunity visit my Grandma on Guam and continue my research by conducting interviews with women on the island. Have you studied away during your time at Bowdoin? During the fall semester of my Junior year I studied away in Independent Samoa. By far, the experience I had in Samoa is the highlight of my college career. I always had a strong desire to study in the Pacific and when the opportunity fell before me I leapt at the chance, despite my parents' reservations. I could discuss at length the time I spent there, but I'll spare you all and just recommend that if you have the opportunity to go somewhere you've always wanted, take it. What are your plans for after graduation? Ha! This is the question of my life these days. I know I'm not going to grad school next year, other than that, I have no idea. Getting a job, I guess. Is there anything else about Bowdoin or your experiences here that you would want prospective students to know? Bowdoin is a great school, most people love it. Don't just choose a school that's good, choose to a school that's good for you. Story posted on October 27, 2003 « Back | More Student Profiles | Go to News Home


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The Waynesboro Indians wrestling team started the 2012-13 season by going 3-2 in the annual Muhlenberg Tournament on Saturday.
MUHLENBERG — The Waynesboro Indians wrestling team started the 2012-13 season by going 3-2 in the annual Muhlenberg Tournament on Saturday.
Waynesboro defeated Brandywine Heights (46-29), Pottsville (42-33) and Muhlenberg (56-24) while losing to Hershey (43-26) and Central Dauphin East (44-28).
"Overall it was a good day and what I expected from a young team to start the season," said Waynesboro head coach Eric Mowen. "We had a chance to win the other two matches if we could have capitalized on opportunities that just didn't go our way because of maturity and inexperience. The good news is these are all things we can improve on if the kids are willing to be all in and are willing to make the necessary adjustments to win."
Ryan Neff and Aaron Layman highlighted the Tribe's day as both went 5-0. Kenyon Cuka, Jesse Smith and Patrick Wade each were 4-1. Colby Mowen and Andrew Paterno finished 3-2 in the tournament.
Cody Frey and Steven Egolf each won two matches.
"Ryan only gave up two points all day and that was a reversal in his first match," Mowen said. "I believe this is one of the most important stats you'll ever see in a record book.
"Aaron looked impressive. His four pins were all in the first period. Aaron was down 4-0 against the CD East kid and never panicked. He strung some points together and then put the kid on his back for a 6-4 win."
Smith earned two pins and two major decisions, while Mowen had a pin, a technical fall and a major decision. Wade recorded a pin and two decisions and won a match by forfeit.
Paterno registered two pins and a forfeit.
Waynesboro competes in a dual meet at Shippensburg Tuesday beginning with the middle school match at 6 p.m. Varsity will follow.
106— Ryan Neff, W, dec. Kyle Loraw, H, 5-2; 113— Tanner Therit, H, p. John Atkinson, W, 0:47; 120— Aaron Layman, W, p. Akber Abedi, H, 1:15; 126— Colby Mowen, W, tech. fall John Voyles, H, 2:47 (16-1); 132— Umer Qureshi, H, maj. dec. Cody Fry, W, 12-3; 138— Kenyon Cuka, W, p. Stephen Minto, H, 2:48; 145— Andrew Boyer, H, dec. Jesse Smith, W, 7-5; 152— Matthew Faust, H, p. Daniel Shields, W, 3:52; 160— Tyler Loraw, H, p. Aiden Smith, W, 4:35; 170— Patrick Wade, W, dec. Kevin Crowther, H, 8-5; 182— Andrew Woltman, H, p. Steven Egolf, W, 1:38; 195— Dominic Memmi, H, forf.; 220— Andrew Paterno, W, dec. Jacob Rutz, H, 6-2; 285— Zachary Warren, H, p. Shawn Robinson, W, 0:20.
106— Ryan Neff, W, p. Jacob Fenstermacher, B, 2:33; 113— Hunter Gimbor, B, dec. John Atkinson, W, 9-2; 120— Aaron Layman, W, p. Lucas Reichard, B, 1:31; 126— Colby Mowen, W, maj. dec. Austin Weller, B, 9-0; 132— Daniel Schmeck, B, tech. fall Cody Fry, W, 3:47 (16-0); 138— Kenyon Cuka, W, p. Robert DeLong, B, 0:51; 145— Jesse Smith, W, p. Zachary Sessions, B, 1:01; 152— Daniel Shields, W, forf.; 160— Cole Swackhamer, B, dec. Aiden Smith, W, 6-5; 170— Peter Renda, B, p. Patrick Wade, W, 1:20; 182— Adam Mackie, B, p. Steven Egolf, W, 0:29; 195— Chris Langston, B, forf.; 220— Andrew Paterno, W, p. Collin Conrad, B, 2:44; 285— Shawn Robinson, W, forf.
106— Ryan Neff, W, p. Robert Ward, P, 0:46; 113— Luke Gardner, P, dec. John Atkinson, W, 11-4; 120— Aaron Layman, W, p. John Schell, P, 0:56; 126— Bailey Roos, P, p. Colby Mowen, W, 2:53; 132— Cody Fry, W, p. Josh Bickelman, P, 2:53; 138— Kody Stencovage, P, dec. Kenyon Cuka, W, 9-6; 145— Jesse Smith, W, p. Michael McShaw, P, 3:51; 152— Aaron Ditzler, P, p. Daniel Shields, W, 1:36; 160— Aiden Smith, W, p. Kolby Kleckner, P, 3:33; 170— Patrick Wade, W, forf.; 182— Steven Egolf, W, forf.; 195— Charlie Naradko, P, forf.; 220— Stanley Burke, P, dec. Andrew Paterno, W, 4-0; 285— Stephen Domaratzky, P, p. Shawn Robinson, W, 3:41.
106— Ryan Neff, W, p. Anthony Radic, CDE, 0:41; 113— John Atkinson, W, dec. Ervin Jones, CDE, 3-2; 120— Aaron Layman, W, dec. Tanner Trephan, CDE, 6-4; 126— Joseph Porter, CDE, p. Colby Mowen, W, 5:09; 132— Cody Cavrich, CDE, p. Cody Fry, W, 1:57; 138— Kenyon Cuka, W, p. Joshua Miranda, CDE, 0:39 145— Jesse Smith, W, maj. dec. Leonardo Hidalgo, CDE, 15-3; 152— Cevon Nguyen, CDE, p. Daniel Shields, W, 0:32; 160— Brandon Mays, CDE, maj. dec. Aiden Smith, W, 14-6; 170— Patrick Wade, W, p. John Wallace, CDE, 4:25; 182— Austin Trephan, CDE, maj. dec. Steven Egolf, W, 18-8; 195— Sean Fitzkee, CDE, forf.; 220— Anthony Mancuso, CDE, p. Andrew Paterno, W, 3:53; 285— Matthew Fitzkee, CDE, p. Shawn Robinson, W, 1:15
106— Ryan Neff, W, forf.; 113— John Atkinson, W, p. Dillon Rusak, M, 3:52; 120— Aaron Layman, W, p. Alex Popescu, M, 1:01; 126— Colby Mowen, W, p. Christopher Nguyen, M, 0:25; 132— Cody Fry, W, p. Andrew Sheidy, M, 4:25; 138— Kenyon Cuka, W, p. Justin Wanner, M, 0:27; 145— Jesse Smith, W, maj. dec. Kenneth Rosario, M, 15-1; 152— Daniel Silverio, M, p. Daniel Shields, W, 1:43; 160— Jacob Schultz, M, p. Aiden Smith, W, 5:33; 170— Patrick Wade, W, maj. dec. Gianni Polanco, M, 13-5; 182— Steven Egolf, W, p. Alexander Cruz, M, 1:47; 195— Matthew Snyder, M, forf.; 220— Andrew Paterno, W, p. Kyle
Pogue, M, 4:18; 285— James Sweitzer, M, p. Shawn Robinson, W, 0:22


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RICHMOND, Va. (AP) — After former Virginia Gov. Bob McDonnell took the stand in his corruption trial, a narrative worthy of a nighttime soap opera got even juicier.
Jurors had already heard how his wife, Maureen, had turned the Executive Mansion into a house of workplace horrors with her incessant yelling at employees. Then Bob McDonnell laid bare the most intimate details of his crumbling marriage. The wow moment came when the defense introduced McDonnell's letter to his wife begging her to work with him to repair the relationship.
Marital discord is a key element of the defense as the McDonnells fight charges that they accepted more than $165,000 in gifts and loans from a businessman for promoting his company's dietary supplements. The theory is that they weren't communicating, so they couldn't have conspired.


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The Public Lands Council (PLC), National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA) and the American Sheep Industry Association (ASI) filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), challenging its latest forest planning rule.
PLC, NCBA and ASI join multiple industry organizations, such as the Federal Forest Resource Coalition, Minnesota Timber Producers Association and the California Forestry Association in filing suit, claiming that the new planning rule, finalized in March 2012, violates the National Forest Management Act (NFMA), the Multiple-Use, Sustained-Yield Act (MUSYA) of 1960 and the Administrative Procedures Act (APA).
Under the NFMA, USFS is required to promulgate regulations under the principles of the MUSYA, which set out the process for development and revision of land management plans, guidelines and standards. Individual forests follow the direction of the planning rule and develop specific management plans.
The new planning rule, however, is flawed in multiple respects. For example, the planning rule requires USFS to "maintain a viable population of each species of conservation concern within the plan area."
The ill-defined term "viable population" does not appear in NFMA or any other statute, according to PLC Executive Director and NCBA Director of Federal Lands Dustin Van Liew. He said this vague term opens the door to even more litigation by radical special interest groups. Van Liew said the rule also effectively turns USFS guidelines into legally enforceable standards, throwing away hard-fought victories establishing that guidelines are discretionary - not mandatory - and tying the hands of land managers unnecessarily.
"It is clear the USFS did not consider input from farmers and ranchers when creating and approving this new rule. This isn't a surprise at all. Just look at this administration's track record. From the EPA to USFS, they refuse to venture off the city sidewalks of Washington, D.C. to get a glimpse of reality from the farm and ranch community," said Van Liew.
"We find it unfortunate that our industry must resort to legal action against the USFS. This is something that could have been avoided if the agency had been responsive to our specific comments about the rule's pervasive legal overreach."
In the new forest planning rule, the general focus is on ecosystem services, sustainability, preservation and even "spiritual values" over multiple-use, a clear diversion from the statutes governing management of our national forests. The new rule also fails to reflect MUSYA and NFMA requirements governing active land management for multiple uses, including livestock grazing, timber management and recreation.
Livestock producers have been America's public lands stewards for generations, according to Van Liew, working within the multiple use management approach established by Congress for national forest system lands. Ranching operations across the West rely on access to public lands and such operations provide an economic base for rural economies while maintaining wildlife habitat and diversity and preserving vast areas of open space across the range.
According to Caroline Lobdell, counsel for the livestock associations and executive director of the Western Resources Legal Center, "The Forest Service has a long history of getting it wrong in the forest planning rule arena," Lobdell stated, referring to the agency's failed attempts in 2000, 2005 and 2008 to replace the 1982 planning rule. Lobdell explained that a rule requiring forest plans to elevate the "broad term 'ecosystem services' to at least the same status as the multiple uses established by Congress - uses like outdoor recreation, range and timber - simply cannot be reconciled with the productive purposes for which our national forests were established."
Van Liew said he is confident that an in-depth review of the forest planning rule will show that the regulation is a clear violation of law.


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Ciesiolka pumped for Kiwis in Trans-Tasman series
SHENAE Ciesiolka says she's not quite sure what to expect ahead of her Australian touch football debut.
But after enjoying a hugely successful season in 2012, the 15-year-old is ready for anything.
Ciesiolka will line up in the under-18 Australian women's team for the three-game Trans-Tasman Series against New Zealand in Auckland from February 5.
It won't be her first time playing in New Zealand but Ciesiolka said representing Australia would be a much tougher challenge.
"I'm pretty nervous to be honest, especially playing in New Zealand," she said.
"It's a bit different over there, stepping on to their soil.
"I've been to New Zealand twice already to play touch ... but that has only been for Queensland.
"This time it's for Australia so it's a higher level, more intense."
This year will be the biggest trans-Tasman touch battle with the two sides to play off across 12 men's and women's divisions.
The pressure will be on Australia as the defending champions and it will be up to the youth divisions to get the campaign off to a winning start.
But Ciesiolka is no stranger to high pressure situations.
She scored the match-winning touchdown in a drop-off as Toowoomba won the Brisbane division one competition last year.
And she was also a member of the South West Queensland Swans team which triumphed at the state championships.
Ciesiolka said that experience had been a huge help in preparing her to play for Australia.
"I've been pretty successful with the older teams," she said.
"The girls I play with just give you a lot more experience and they help you around the field and direct you where to go.
"I'm the only (Darling Downs) player that's in the under-18s but Emilee Cherry is in the opens. She helps me out a lot."
The Aussie teams had a training camp in Sydney last week when all the players were presented with their green and gold jerseys.
Ciesiolka has had few opportunities to train with the rest of the team and has had to keep herself motivated with her own sprint training and ball work.
But she was confident all that hard work would pay off when she steps out on to the field for Australia.
"I think we've got a pretty strong team," Ciesiolka said.
"We've got a lot of speed which is good. I think we have a pretty good chance of winning."


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Written by Greg Viergutz Thursday, 24 October 2013 14:30
Gothenburg couldn't put together a complete game and that's what made the difference in a pair of losses forcing an early exit from the Class C state softball tournament Thursday at Hastings.The Swedes out-hit their opponent in the opening game 11-7, but six errors led to eight unearned runs and a 9-5 loss to eventual champion Wahoo. It marked Gothenburg's third consecutive first-round loss to the eventual Class C champ.
The error problem was remedied in the second game with just one committed. However, Gothenburg managed only two hits in an 8-0 loss to Fillmore Central/Exeter-Milligan.
The Swedes close out the season with a 19-9 record.
Mistakes doom Swedes
Two four-run rallies for Wahoo were fueled by Gothenburg errors in a 9-5 loss to the Warriors.
The Swedes actually took the lead early. Katlin Harm led off the game with a single. She came home on a double by Emily Franzen, who scored two batters later when Ashley Eskew singled.
Wahoo got one of the runs back in the bottom of the first on two singles and a ground ball.
Walks to Kylee Beyea and Becca Riley in the second were followed up by an RBI single by Franzen to make it 3-1.
The Swedes could have gotten out of the second inning with that lead intact. However, two errors and a throwing mistake kept the rally alive for the Warriors.
Wahoo led off with a single by Rachel Stratman. She was forced out at second on a fielder's choice. Kelsi Anderson lined out to pitcher Karleigh Kleinknecht, but Kleinknecht's throw to first for the double play pulled first baseman Franzen off the base.
After a walk, Wahoo's Michaela Miller drove in one run with a single. Then, a dropped pop fly at second base allowed two more runs to score. Another error gave the Warriors one more run before the inning ended with Wahoo on top 5-3.
The errors continued to haunt the Swedes in the third inning. Three out of the first five batters reached base on errors. Four runs scored with just one hit.
A switch in pitchers plus just one more error the rest of the way helped blank the Warriors in the final three innings.
Senior Rebecca Anderson, who uses more off speed pitches, entered the game for the final two outs of the third inning. She gave up just one hit the rest of the way.
"Rebecca really had them off key," Swede coach Roger Neujahr said.
Gothenburg had a scoring opportunity in the fourth inning. Katlin Harm opened with a double and reached third base before being stranded.
The Swedes scored a pair of runs in the sixth. Kaitlyn Aden and pinch hitter Ebony Anderson both singled and both scored on a single by Becca Riley.
Wahoo, a veteran team with seven senior and two junior starters, used excellent defense to hold down Gothenburg's rallies. First baseman Shauna Tweedy made a couple of over-the-shoulder catches in foul territory to take scoring chances again from the Swedes.
"I knew they were going to be solid defensively," Neujahr said. "I knew we weren't going to get many unearned runs."
Franzen led Gothenburg with a double and two singles. Harm added a double and a single.
Hits hard to come by
Gothenburg didn't have any trouble getting the bat on the ball in an 8-0 loss to Fillmore Central/Exeter-Milligan.
The problem was that most of the time the hits were pop ups for outs. In fact, of the 15 outs in the game for Gothenburg, 10 were pop flies that were caught.
Panther pitcher Morgan Uldrich threw an effective ball that naturally broke up and in a little bit, Neujahr said.
"That's what happens when the ball comes up and in on you. You're going to pop it up," he said. "I can't think of a pitcher similar to her that we faced during the year."
The FC/E-M senior gave up just two hits. Emily Franzen opened the second with a single and didn't move after three straight pop ups.
Kerry Wellmann doubled to start the fifth and stole third. A strikeout and two pop flies ended the threat.
The Swedes came out emotionally drained from the first game and couldn't get any spark going. The coach accepted the blame for that.
"We didn't have any life and fire, I didn't think," Neujahr said. "That's my job. I'm responsible for that and I didn't get it done.
"Once that momentum has shifted, you just can't get it back. It's a struggle. It's an absolute struggle to get it back. I didn't have any magic words."
The Panthers scored in all but the second inning. They took a 2-0 lead after one and doubled it in the fourth inning. A single, double and home run powered a three-run fourth inning.
Fillmore Central loaded the bases in the fifth frame on a single, a hit batter and a walk. Two plays at the plate forced runners before the game ended early with a run-scoring single.


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Winemaker Notes
Critical AcclaimAll Vintages
Home to a diverse array of smaller AVAs with varied microclimates and soil types, Sonoma County has something for every wine lover. Physically twice as large as Napa Valley, the region only produces about half the amount of wine but boasts both tremendous quality and variety. With its laid-back atmosphere and down-to-earth attitude, the wineries of Sonoma are appreciated by wine tourists for their friendliness and approachability. The entire county intends to become a 100% sustainable winegrowing region by 2019.
Grape varieties are carefully selected to reflect the best attributes of their sites—Dry Creek Valley's consistent sunshine is ideal for Zinfandel, while the warm Alexander Valley is responsible for rich, voluptuous Cabernet Sauvignon. Chardonnay and Pinot Noir are important throughout the county, most notably in the cooler AVAs of Russian River, Sonoma Coast and Carneros. Sauvignon Blanc, Merlot and Syrah have also found a firm footing here.
A noble variety bestowed with both power and concentration, Cabernet Sauvignon is sometimes referred to as the "king" of red grapes. It can be somewhat unapproachable early in its youth but has the potential to age beautifully, with the ability to last fifty years or more at its best. Small berries and tough skins provide its trademark firm tannic grip, while high acidity helps to keep the wine fresh for decades. Cabernet Sauvignon flourishes in temperate climates like Bordeaux's Medoc region (and in St-Emillion and Pomerol, where it plays a supporting role to Merlot). The top Médoc producers use Cabernet Sauvignon for their wine's backbone, blending it with Merlot and smaller amounts of Cabernet Franc, Malbec, and/or Petit Verdot. On its own, Cabernet Sauvignon has enjoyed great success throughout the world, particularly in the Napa Valley and Washington, and is responsible for some of the world's most prestigious and sought-after "cult" wines.
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High in color, tannin, and extract, Cabernet Sauvignon expresses notes of blackberry, cassis, plum, currant, spice, and tobacco. In Bordeaux and elsewhere in the Old World you'll find the more earthy, tannic side of Cabernet, where it's typically blended to soften tannins and add complexity. In warmer regions like California and Australia, you can typically expect more ripe fruit flavors upfront.
Perfect Pairings
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Creating A Post-Peak Future You Want To Live Into
By Andre Angelantoni
29 June, 2010
Oil Drum
This is a guest post by André Angelantoni, known on The OIL DRUM as aangel. He is co-founder of PostPeakLiving.com and a former executive coach and business consultant. He wrote this article to give people one way to navigate through the forced transition to a post peak world we are all going to experience. This post was run previously in December 2008.
The future most people are living into is beginning to disappear. The financial crisis threw the first punch, but oil depletion will deliver the knockout blow. The moment people realize that the society they have known their whole life can no longer function the same way without the energy provided by oil, it will become glaringly apparent that the future will be very, very different. It's not just that we will no longer have fresh food flown in from around the world. Some of the fundamental assumptions held by people living in the rich countries will no longer hold:
many jobs that have never existed before will once again no longer exist
retirement, a phenomenon only a century old, will disappear
accumulating "wealth" will be out of reach for most people
most children will no longer be able to attend institutions of higher education
diseases and conditions that are easily treated now will once again claim lives
Once a person has realized that these and many more futures will no longer exist, they will ask themselves the following question: If the future I've lived with my whole life will not longer occur, what will my future be?
People will react in many different ways as they consider the question of what their future will be. Some people will become resigned and despondent, others will become resolute as they concentrate on the job of making sure they and their family are sheltered and adequately fed. Still others will become happier as they leave the rat race and simplify their life. If you are considering this question, hopefully you will realize that creating the future rather than waiting for it to happen to you will give you a better result. That's what this article is about.
Before continuing, I am going to outline a principle that is a part of the coaching model I use. It is not the only model in the world, but it has worked consistently for me and my clients.
Your Future Gives You Your Experience of Now
In this article, I will operate on the following principle:
The future a person lives into determines how they operate in and experience the present.
This may seem counter-intuitive to you because there seems to be so much evidence that it is the past that gives us our experience of now. For example, don't we feel proud of our accomplishments — and didn't those accomplishments happen in the past? Don't we suffer from events — and aren't those events in the past?
To see that it's our future that gives us our experience of the present, try this simple experiment. Imagine you are holding a lottery ticket and are about to check the winning numbers. You might be interested and cautiously optimistic. As you read the winning numbers you realize that yours is the winning ticket. What is your experience at the moment you realize you've won the jackpot?
If you are like most people, you will be surprised and ecstatic. But has anything — in physical reality — changed in any way? No, it hasn't. But the future you see before you has completely changed and your happiness comes from a new future filled with a life of leisure or travel or the finest things in life.
The same principle operates whenever a future changes. Whether it's agreeing to marry someone, getting a new job or facing a serious illness, in all these circumstances the future determines how you operate in and experience the present.
What about those past events, the accomplishments and tragedies? Don't they impact us in the present? They certainly do, but the impact comes from how they have changed the future that we live into because those events happened. I'll leave it as homework to the reader to determine the future that is created when we experience an accomplishment or tragedy.
People who panic when they learn of peak oil see a terrible future for themselves and society. Although I didn't panic when I first learned of peak oil, I did experience a feeling of dread. I looked into the future and saw the possibility of social turmoil and hunger. This seems to be a common reaction, and most people move through the experience in hours or days as they gradually see that the gloomy future is not inevitable.
Gloomy Futures Are Useful — To a Point
Gloomy futures are often conjured up by your brain without your permission or guidance. Your brain is simply an associative machine that took in the idea of oil depletion, recalled images from its past (perhaps including a Mad Max movie), and plopped the result in your mental lap. Although it may have you prepare in ways you wouldn't normally, this gloomy future can also paralyze you and turn you into a morose individual unable to experience the joy there is and will always be available in life.
If you are unsatisfied with the future your brain invented for you, you will have to create one yourself.
Quality of Life vs Standard of Living
We're almost ready to discuss how to create a future worth living into. I'm going to make one more distinction that should help the transition. With the loss of inexpensive and plentiful oil you are not just confronting the loss of vacations in the Tropics. It will look like the sudden loss of much more than that. But what is it you are losing, exactly?
At this point it's valuable to get yourself clear on what you are actually going to lose. If you don't stop your brain, it is likely to say, "Everything!", send you down a dark tunnel and leave you there. But you aren't going to lose everything; you aren't even going to lose the most important things, as you'll soon see. That's because almost every person tends to make one fundamental mistake (myself included when I'm not paying attention).
We tend to confuse what economists call "standard of living" with "quality of life." The two are not the same, no matter how many vacation advertisements try to convince you otherwise. The standard of living index measures the number of things a person can purchase or possess. This is again useful only to a point. Beyond the very basics of life, like food and shelter, we want things not for the things themselves but for what they give us at an emotional level.
We want money to go on vacation so that we can have fun. But is it necessary to leave town to have fun? We want to send our kids to college so that they can "create a future for themselves." But what does that mean? Are people who don't go to college incapable of experiencing happiness in their life? If your children were healthy and happy, wouldn't you have done your job as a parent? We know that the poor can be happy and the rich can be (often desperately) unhappy.
Things and circumstances fool us into short-term happiness, and then the happiness wears off and the cycle starts again. Have you noticed as your income rose, your expectations rose with them? If you hadn't noticed that, you're in the standard of living trap and you don't even know it.
Creating a Future Worth Living Into
Now we're ready to look at futures worth living into. This future won't be attached to things and circumstances or you'll never get out of the trap. So, as you create your new future, remember to resist the pull of equating being fulfilled with having things. Many people who have been preparing for peak oil have found that their life has dramatically improved as they have taken on new responsibilities and learned new skills, like growing their own food, even as they started to lower the number of luxuries in their life.
One of the most powerful ways I've found to create a fulfilling future is to distinguish a role for yourself. Roles are powerful because they establish a context to live in and are easy to remember. When we take on a role, we automatically get access to all the properties that define the role. For instance, if I say that I will take on the role of being a loving husband, I don't have to memorize "The Ten Steps to Being a Loving Husband." I will immediately have access to ways of expressing that role I've heard about (like hiding love notes around the house) and I will easily invent new ways to express the role with just a bit of creativity.
You are undoubtedly playing all sorts of roles right now, and there are thousands of roles you can play in post-peak oil world. Your job is to create a new, fulfilling role for yourself. Here are a few basic roles, starting with some roles you may want to avoid.
The Victim. To play this role, you should complain that the world isn't fair and that there isn't enough time to prepare. Talk only about things that we will lose or how other people or groups are better off than you. Unfortunately, this role isn't very attractive and people will try to avoid you — but it is a valid role. I include it so that you can recognize when you are playing the victim, discard it, and choose a different role.
The Drama Queen. Be a Drama Queen by saying, "We are so screwed" or similar things after describing how you see the future playing out. This can be a fun role to play, especially when describing a Mad Max scenario in great detail. Most people will eventually want you to talk about how they can actually prepare for the future. The Drama Queen role can often be matched up with the Victim role to great effect, but people tire of it quickly.
The Bystander. To do a good job with this role, say "what will happen will happen" whenever you hear about something terrible happening, preferably in Spanish. This is actually a good role to keep handy because often events will truly be out of your control, and there is no need to get your knickers in a knot over them.
The Leader. With this role, you see peak oil as an opportunity to make a difference in your community and the world. You can be a leader in thousands of ways, from starting a community garden to inviting friends over to teach them a useful skill you know. The only requirement to be a leader is that you create a future that wasn't going to happen anyway. You don't need to know how to speak in front of crowds and you don't need a commanding presence. All you need is the commitment to create a future that wasn't going to happen unless you became involved.
You can add these roles to any that you are currently playing (parent, student, entertainer, etc.), and you can switch at any time. Of course some roles will give you better results than others.
Being a leader can be an immensely fulfilling role and one I wholeheartedly recommend, especially since we are going to need many local leaders very soon. I'd like to see the leadership positions filled with people who see it as way to serve the community rather than to enrich themselves materially. But that doesn't mean you won't get benefits by being a leader, and there should be some benefits. For example, being a leader means that you will create your own support network faster, and you will gain information about the world earlier than others, allowing you to prepare better.
Many people shy away from being a leader because they think it is a burden, but they have it backwards: the Leader role can be freeing because small inconveniences stop being annoying — as a leader you'll have bigger, more inspiring goals on your mind.
In this article, we looked at how your experience and actions in the present are a function of the future you are living into. We also saw that your brain will invent a gloomy future given no direction: To have a fulfilling future to live into, you'll need to take charge. Then we noted one of the most common mistakes people make: confusing the economists' standard of living with quality of life. Last, we looked at some roles that you might consider taking on, particularly the Leader role.
Ultimately, the purpose of this article was to point out that many of the roles you are playing now are no longer going to hold, and that you will need to take charge. Take a moment and ask yourself, "What kind of fulfilling role can I create for myself in a post peak world?"


text:
Hyporthodus niveatus
|Scope: Global
Language: English
|Scientific Name:
|Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes, 1828)
|Regional Assessments:
Common Name(s):
Epinephelus niveatus (Valenciennes, 1828)
Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes, 1828)
Serranus niveatus Valenciennes, 1828
|Taxonomic Notes:
|Smith (1971) synonymized the eastern Pacific species E. niphobles with E. niveatus (Heemstra and Randall 1993).
The type locality of Serranus margaritifer (Günther) is probably Guyana of South America (Heemstra and Randall 1993).
Recent publication changes the generic name from Epinephelus to Hyporthodus (Craig and Hastings 2007), and also. Recent publication suggests change in family name to Epinephelidae (Smith and Craig 2007).
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Vulnerable A2d+3d ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
|Thierry, C., Sadovy, Y., Choat, J.H., Bertoncini, A.A., Rocha, L., Ferreira, B. & Craig, M.
|Sadovy, Y. & Moss, K. (Grouper and Wrasse Red List Authority)
Although H. niveatus is widespread, it has been heavily fished throughout its range and has declined at least 30% over the past 30 years and is predicted to continue to decline under current conditions. Although commercial quotas and trip limits had been enacted in the USA since 1993, stricter conservation measures for H. niveatus should be implemented because the existing population of this slow-growing, long-lived, protogynous species is still vulnerable to overfishing. In addition, fishery-independent figures suggest that the very low abundance of H. niveatus in the natural environment needs to be better protected from further fishing activities, especially if there is fishing on spawning aggregations. More information on its up-to-date stock, reproductive pattern (e.g., spawning behaviour, spatial and temporal aspects of distribution) sex ratio, knowledge of juvenile and adult distribution, population-age structure and management practices should be studied so as to have a continual monitoring of this vulnerable species.
|Previously published Red List assessments:
|Range Description:
Hyporthodus niveatus is found in the western Atlantic from Massachusetts (USA) to the Gulf of Mexico, Bermuda, the Caribbean, southern Brazil (Heemstra and Randall 1993), and Uruguay.
Aruba, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, French Guiana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles (Curaçao), Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico (stray), Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
|Countries occurrence:
Native:Argentina; Aruba; Bahamas; Barbados; Belize; Bermuda; Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba; Brazil; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Curaçao; French Guiana; Grenada; Guatemala; Guyana; Honduras; Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama; Saint Lucia; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Suriname; Trinidad and Tobago; United States; Uruguay; Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
|FAO Marine Fishing Areas:
Atlantic – western central; Atlantic – southwest
|Additional data:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
The most common deep-water grouper throughout its range, although in decline in association with heavy fishing.
From catch curve estimates, the mortality of H. niveatus increased from 0.19 to 0.32 in the headboat fishery in 1972 to 1978, but remained stable at 0.24 to 0.25 in the commercial fishery from 1977 to 1979 (Matheson and Huntsman 1984).
Huntsman et al. (1999) stated that H. niveatus was very rare and that only small individuals were observed in the US South Atlantic.
Fishery-independent Data
Studies on the populations of H. niveatus in the USA revealed that its population has declined since 1985.
Fishery-independent data by country
Based on the information from Reef Environmental Education Foundation (REEF), the sighting frequency (SF; a value calculated as dividing the number of survey with H. niveatus encountered [n] by the total number of surveys carried out in a particular year [N]) of H. niveatus in the tropical western Atlantic stayed almost zero from 1993 to 2005 (except 0.01% to 0.04% in 2002 to 2004) (www.reef.org/data; accessed on 2nd Mar 2006).
See the Supplementary Material for Table 1: Sighting frequency of H. niveatus based on Reef Environmental Education Foundation (REEF) underwater visual census.
Adrian's Mark (2,700 sq. m), Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA
Based on the catches (from a previously unexploited group of H. niveatus) from 21 trips by two fishing vessels (fished at depths of 137-194 m) from June 1985 to April 1986, H. niveatus comprised 91.7% of 1,094 fish caught, contributing over 30% of the total amount of H. niveatus landed in North Carolina (Epperly and Dodrill 1995).
Epperly and Dodrill (1995) estimated the initial exploitable biomass ranged from 29.2–30.8 tonnes (eviscerated weight), at a density of about 11 kg per sq. m. Epperly and Dodrill (1995) also found that not only had catch rates declined from 8.10 fish (68.8 kg) per drop in June 1985 to 1.25 fish (6.6 kg) per drop in September 1985, but also that of the mean fish size. In that study, the rate of decline in numbers between 28 June and 7 August 1985 (40 days) was estimated to be 3% of the population daily by fishing. By early August 1985, over 60% of the exploitable biomass was found to be removed; and within a year, over 80% had been removed (Epperly and Dodrill 1995).
North Carolina and South Carolina, USA
Wyanski et al. (1999) suggested that the population of H. niveatus was overfished based on the following:
1. size at age of fish caught with longlines and snapper reels had increased noticeably since the 1980s, which could be a density-dependent population response to a decrease in competition for resources;
2. 81% of the fish caught with commercial longlines in 1993 to 1994 (N=809) were aged to six years, with immature females the majority (56%) (female maturity is about three years);
3. the percentage of males in the population (based on 599 sexually mature fish) seemed to have decreased significantly from 7-23% in the 1970s and 1980s to 1% in the 1990s; and
4. mean length of fish landed in the longline fishery had steadily decreased from 65 to 80 cm TL in the early 1980s to 50 to 60 cm TL in the mid-1990s.
Broward County, Florida, USA
Based on over 1,100 visual fish census on natural and artificial reefs at depths of 7 to 23 m from 1995 to 2002, only eight juvenile H. niveatus were recorded from seven visual point counts (Arena et al. 2004).
Fishery-dependent Data
Fishery-dependent data by country
Southeast Brazil (23° to 26°S)
From 1986 to 1995, H. niveatus comprised 9.9% of the total catch by bottom line fisheries (201-650 m). The largest catch was made between 201 and 300 m, with a mean CPUE of 0.1 kg per hook-day (Paiva and Garcez 1998).
Among the species observed in the industrial landings in south Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), from 1989 and 1999, H. niveatus (cherne-verdadeiro), and was captured frequently during the 90s, but was never abundant (1 to 30 specimens per boat) (Monica Brick, pers. comm.).
Southeast Brazil (18° to 26°S)
From 1986 to 1995, H. niveatus comprised 12.1% of the total catch of benthic fishes by liners (Paiva and Andrade-Tubino 1998).
Annual landings in Santa Catarina (south Brazil) for H. niveatus is as follows 14.15t (2002), 1.76t (2003), 0.54t (2004), 1.70t (2005) and 4.50t (2006) (GEP/UNIVALI, 2006). For São Paulo (southeast Brazil), 8.45t (1999), 5.38t (2000), 0.37t (2001), 0.51t (2003), 0.34t (2004) and 0.32t (2005) (Instituto de Pesca 2006).
In areas where it has been fished beyond economic viability, recovery has been slow.
According to the NMFS annual commercial fishery landings of H. niveatus, the quantity between 1981 and 2004 ranged from 44.2 to 306.7 mt. From 1999 to 2004, an annual average of 232.6 mt of E. niveatus was landed (www.st.nmfs.gov, accessed on 5th Jan 2006).
See the Supplementary Material for:
Table 2: NMFS annual commercial fishery landings of H. niveatus (1981-2004); and
Table 3: Catch and revenue of landings of H. niveatus from the South Atlantic.
USA (Gulf of Mexico region, including all of Monroe County)
According to NMFS, the annual recreational harvest estimates of both number (N) and weight of H. niveatus averaged 7,619 fish and 15,641 kg in 1996 to 2005. Landing peaked at 87,298 fish and 280,263 kg in 1981. (Note: there are very large proportional standard errors (PSE) associated with the annual estimates of landings, which suggest these are rare-event landings in the recreational fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico.) (Tom Sminskey, Statistician of the Fisheries Statistics Division of the NMFS, pers. comm. on 15th Mar 06)
See the Supplementary Material for Table 4: NMFS Gulf of Mexico region, including all of Monroe County - annual recreational harvest estimates of both number (N) and weight of H. niveatus.
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
Adult H. niveatus occur offshore on rocky bottoms at depths of 30 to 525 m, but are most common between 100 and 200 m. Juveniles may be found inshore and are often reported from the northeastern coast of the USA (Heemstra and Randall 1993). Wyanski et al. (1999) reported that larger adults were caught more frequently in waters deeper than 100 m in South Carolina. Jones et al. (1989) observed H. niveatus utilizing shelter around rock ridge habitat in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, suggesting there would be a resource partitioning of habitat space utilization or shelter between H. niveatus and H. flavolimbatus.
Maximum size attained is about 120 cm TL (Heemstra and Randall 1993). Recorded maximum weight is 30 kg (Heemstra and Randall 1993). Maximum age attained is 29 years (Wyanski et al. 1999). Full recruitment into the fishery occurred at 575–600 mm TL and at age eight years (Moore and Labisky 1984). Ximenes-Carvalho et al. (1999) suggested that H. niveatus was long-lived (tmax=46.4 years) and had annual natural mortality (M) of 0.170.
Length-age relationship
Based on an otolith study of 536 H. niveatus collected from the US South Atlantic Bight from 1972 to 1979, the von Bertalanffy growth equation of the was TL(mm)=1255 (1-e(-0.074(Age+1.92)) (Matheson and Huntsman 1984).
Based on 178 fish from relatively unexploited population in the lower Florida Keys, the von Bertalanffy growth equation for H. niveatus was 1,320 mm TL (1-e(-0.087(Age+1.013)) (Moore and Labisky 1984).
According to otolith-based age studies of H. niveatus collected by commercial and research vessels, the von Bertalanffy growth equations calculated in different sampling periods were (Wyanski et al. 1999):
1993-94 by snapper reels (commercial catch; n=311) = 1201 mm TL (1-e(-0.103(Age+1.149))
1982-85 by longlines and Kali poles (research; n=163) = 948 mm TL (1-e(-0.122(Age+0.668))
1993-94 by longlines (commercial catch; n=1218) = 1117 mm TL (1-e(-0.119(Age+1.409))
Annual mortality of the relatively unexploited stock was calculated to be 16% by catch-curve analysis (Moore and Labisky 1984), which was lower than the total annual mortality rates of 21–22% for commercially fished stocks in North Carolina and South Carolina during the late 1970s (Matheson 1981).
Adults feed mainly on fishes, gastropods, cephalopods, and brachyuran crustaceans (Heemstra and Randall 1993).
Examination of intestinal contents revealed that E. niveatus feeds on fish (47% by number), cephalopods (18%) and brachyuran crabs (Bielsa and Labisky 1987).
Based on a study on stomach content, Weaver and Sedberry (2001) recorded that the diet of H. niveatus included swimming crab Portunus spinicarpus (90%), other benthic crustaceans, fishes (6%) and squids (2%).
Sexual pattern
Hyporthodus niveatus was suggested to be a protogynous hermaphrodite by the presence of early males aged 7, 8 and 9, showing evidence of recent sexual transformation (no transitional was found) (Moore and Labisky 1984).
Wyanski et al. (1999) concluded that H. niveatus is protogynous based on the size (767-1090 mm) and age (8-29 year) of 97 males and the capture of two transitionals (787 mm TL, age unknown and 1000 mm TL aged 13).
Reproductive biology
81% of 144 females reached sexual maturity by age 4–5. Males could not be found until age six, but males comprised 40% of all fish of age eight or older (Moore and Labisky 1984). Moore and Labisky (1984) also suggested that sexual transition occurs principally within 3–4 years after the females reach sexual maturity in the Florida Keys.
Based on samples collected in the Carolinas from 1991 to 1995, Wyanski et al. (1999) found that female H. niveatus matured at lengths from 451 to 575 mm TL (ages 3–7). Mature gonads were found in 4% of the females at age three, 52% at age five, 95% at age seven, and 100% at ages older than seven. The smallest mature female was 469 mm TL and the largest immature female was 575 mm TL (Wyanski et al. 1999).
In the Florida Keys, H. niveatus were found in spawning condition from April to July (Moore and Labisky 1984).
On the upper continental slope off South Carolina at depths of 176–232 m, H. niveatus were observed to be in spawning condition from April to September (Wyanski et al. 1999).
Wyanski et al. (1999) suggested that H. niveatus might form spawning aggregations.
|Generation Length (years):
|Use and Trade:
|Consumed as food, with commercial importance for the stocks off the southeast coast of the USA (North Carolina to Georgia), Florida west coast, lower Florida Keys, Honduras/Nicaraguan shelf, and off Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela (Heemstra and Randall 1993). Harvest by the recreational sector was considered to be relatively minor (SAFMC 2005).
|Major Threat(s):
Caught with hook-and-line, bottom longlines, with traps and trawlings (Moore and Labisky 1984, Heemstra and Randall 1993).
Trawls operated at 25-45 m depths poses a threat to juvenile survival (Moore and Labisky 1984).
Yield-per-recruit model for H. niveatus indicated that the headboat and commercial fisheries were harvesting 60–80% of the maximum available yield per recruit (Matheson and Huntsman 1984).
In Onslow Bay, off the central North Carolina coast, the rate of decline in number between 28 June and 7 August 1985 (40 days) was estimated to be 3% of the population was removed daily by fishing. By early August 1985, over 60% of the exploitable biomass was found to be removed; and within a year, over 80% had been removed (Epperly and Dodrill 1995).
Wyanski et al. (1999) reported that H. niveatus is susceptible to rapid depletion in a localized area through fishing efforts.
Musick et al. (2000) considered that the risk factors of H. niveatus included low productivity, protogyny, spawning aggregations, and that the species is vulnerable to extirpation in United States waters where populations are severely depleted and where the percentage of males in populations have declined significantly (Wyanski et al. 1999; Huntsman et al. 1999).
Arena et al. (2004) suggested that the high demand for H. niveatus with its naturally slow growth rates made this species extremely susceptible to overfishing.
H. niveatus occurs at depth outside most established marine protected areas within its range.
|Conservation Actions:
In the US, the species has been monitored and had conservation measures applied directly to manage the fishery since the early 1990s.
In Brazil, Hyporthodus niveatus was a frequent species and was often landed with Polyprion americanus (Polyprionidae) (DD) (Sadovy 2003), but was likely commonly misidentified and quantified. In 2005, a 10-year-ban for P. americanus fisheries was instituted by the Brazilian Environment Ministry (BRASIL/MMA 2005) that may afford H. niveatus some protection from fishing.
1. US Amendment #6 (1993): commercial quotas and trip limits enacted (SAFMC 2005).
2. US Amendment #11 (1998): H. niveatus determined to be overfished (static SPR = 5-15%) (SAFMC 2005).
3. Preferred Alternatives in US Amendment 13C:
Reduce the annual commercial quota from 344,508 lbs gutted weight (406,519 lbs whole weight; implemented in 1994) to 84,000 lbs gutted weight (99,000 lbs whole weight). Prohibit purchase and sale, and prohibit harvest and/or possession of H. niveatus over the bag limit after the quota is taken. Specify a commercial trip limit of 10 fish until the quota is met (SAFMC 2005). An annual quota of 245,082 kg, with a trip limit of 1,134 kg (SAFMC 1993).
Limit the possession of H. niveatus to one per person per day within the five-grouper per person per day aggregate recreational bag limit.
4. Classified as endangered by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) concept of District Population Segments (DPS) (Musicket al. 2000).
Suggested measures
Wyanski et al. (1999) suggested that the age composition of H. niveatus landings should be monitored because only 19% of the fish caught (n=809) by longlines in South Carolina were older than six years. This further emphasizes the problem of removal of females, as Moore and Labisky (1984) could not find a male until age 6 years. Juveniles would have to be protected to ensure recruitment to the adult population through developmental migration (Moore and Labisky 1984).
|Thierry, C., Sadovy, Y., Choat, J.H., Bertoncini, A.A., Rocha, L., Ferreira, B. & Craig, M. 2008. Hyporthodus niveatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T7861A12857720. . Downloaded on 23 September 2018.
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|If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided


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The Alabama State Lands Division announces a series of "open-gate weekends" on four Forever Wild properties designed to increase access to hunting on public lands.
During the weekends, the internal woods-roads gates will be opened to allow for easier access to hunting on the properties.
The Forever Wild properties listed below are open-permit public lands. Unlike hunting on private land or Wildlife Management Areas (WMA), the hunter only needs a hunting license to hunt the properties. All other hunting rules and regulations apply and the tracts will be patrolled and monitored by conservation enforcement officers.
The Lillian Swamp and Splinter Hill Bog tracts in Baldwin County, the Old Cahawba Prairie tract in Dallas County and the Red Hills tract in Monroe will have gates open serving the primary roads within these tracts during Jan. 11-12, 2014, and Feb. 22-23, 2014.
"The open-gate weekends are designed to address requests for improved access to public lands," said Patti Powell, State Lands Director.
During the open-gate weekends, the entire tract will be open to hunting and hunters are encouraged to practice hunter safety. More information about hunting safely can be found in the hunter education section of the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources website, www.outdooralabama.com.
All published rules and regulations for these specific tracts remain the same during the open-gate weekends. Visit www.alabamaforeverwild.com for more information about hunting provisions on Forever Wild properties. For other periods of the hunting season, the tracts remain open under the routine designated means of access by public roads and parking area points of entry.
The Forever Wild Land Trust has purchased more than 240,000 acres for public protection and recreation, including hunting, since the program began in 1992. It is supported in part by a special Forever Wild car tag available at all probate offices.


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Whipped Eggnog Loaf Cake, Homemade Challah Bread, Lentil Pockets, Campari Spritz, Chicken Pasta, & More
Don't be deceived by the modest appearance of this eggnog cake. Emma shared a slice with me during a visit this week, and I immediately began plotting seconds. It's creamy and moist inside, with the eggnoggiest of glazes on top — a little nutmeg, a little booze. This is my pick for a new holiday classic.
In addition to that dreamy cake, we had some delicious recipes this week. There was braised chicken in a creamy sauce, over pasta. There was a tutorial on making a picture-perfect loaf of challah bread, and a very pretty relish of pomegranates and olives. There was a lentil pocket recipe for those of you traveling these coming weeks, and a boozed-up peppermint toddy for those of you staying put. Something for everyone!
• Whipped Eggnog Loaf Cake
• How to Make Challah Bread
• Peppermint Coffee Toddy
• Campari Mint Spritz
• Creamy Braised Chicken with Pappardelle
• Pomegranate Olive Relish
• Spiced Lentil, Sweet Potato & Kale Whole Wheat Pockets
Last Week's New Recipes: Soft Caramel Candies, Pulled Pork Tacos, Savory Granola, Chocolate Fudge, Turkey Noodle Casserole & Fig and Olive Tapenade
(Images: See linked recipes for full image credits)


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