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42 U.S. Code § 285d–6a - Lupus
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(a) In general
The Director of the Institute shall expand and intensify research and related activities of the Institute with respect to lupus.
(b) Coordination with other institutes
The Director of the Institute shall coordinate the activities of the Director under subsection (a) of this section with similar activities conducted by the other national research institutes and agencies of the National Institutes of Health to the extent that such Institutes and agencies have responsibilities that are related to lupus.
(c) Programs for lupus
In carrying out subsection (a) of this section, the Director of the Institute shall conduct or support research to expand the understanding of the causes of, and to find a cure for, lupus. Activities under such subsection shall include conducting and supporting the following:
(1) Research to determine the reasons underlying the elevated prevalence of lupus in women, including African-American women.
(3) Epidemiological studies to address the frequency and natural history of the disease and the differences among the sexes and among racial and ethnic groups with respect to the disease.
(5) Clinical research for the development and evaluation of new treatments, including new biological agents.
Source(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 441A, as added Pub. L. 106–505, title V, § 511,Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2342; amended Pub. L. 109–482, title I, § 103(b)(22),Jan. 15, 2007, 120 Stat. 3688.)
2007—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–482struck out heading and text of subsec. (d). Text read as follows: "For the purpose of carrying out this section, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2001 through 2003."
Effective Date of 2007 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 109–482applicable only with respect to amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2007 or subsequent fiscal years, see section 109 ofPub. L. 109–482, set out as a note under section 281 of this title.
Pub. L. 106–505, title V, § 502,Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2342, provided that: "The Congress finds that—
"(1) lupus is a serious, complex, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of particular concern to women;
"(2) lupus affects women nine times more often than men;
"(3) there are three main types of lupus: systemic lupus, a serious form of the disease that affects many parts of the body; discoid lupus, a form of the disease that affects mainly the skin; and drug-induced lupus caused by certain medications;
"(4) lupus can be fatal if not detected and treated early;
"(5) the disease can simultaneously affect various areas of the body, such as the skin, joints, kidneys, and brain, and can be difficult to diagnose because the symptoms of lupus are similar to those of many other diseases;
"(6) lupus disproportionately affects African-American women, as the prevalence of the disease among such women is three times the prevalence among white women, and an estimated 1 in 250 African-American women between the ages of 15 and 65 develops the disease;
"(7) it has been estimated that between 1,400,000 and 2,000,000 Americans have been diagnosed with the disease, and that many more have undiagnosed cases;
"(8) current treatments for the disease can be effective, but may lead to damaging side effects;
"(9) many victims of the disease suffer debilitating pain and fatigue, making it difficult to maintain employment and lead normal lives; and
"(10) in fiscal year 1996, the amount allocated by the National Institutes of Health for research on lupus was $33,000,000, which is less than one-half of 1 percent of the budget for such Institutes."
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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The Hubble sequence, named after Edwin Hubble, is the basic morphological scheme by which galaxies are classified. LTU student Levi Dojcsak used computer simulation of tens of thousands of galaxies taken from several different widely used galaxy catalogs, and showed that many of the galaxies that seem to be elliptical actually have some features typical to spiral galaxies. The new discovery and the computational methods that he used provide a new way to study galaxy morphology. His work was reviewed by experts in the field, and was accepted for publication in the reputable journal "New Astronomy".
Lawrence Technological University has created a personalized, easy-access web site for prospective students.
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subset: commoncrawl


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The guitar-slinging duo of Pat Donohue and Mary Flower kicked off this Mountain Stage road show, recorded on the shore of Lake Superior in Grand Marais, Minn. As the house guitarist for A Prairie Home Companion, Pat Donohue is one of America's most gifted players, and one of a select few to have a Martin signature model that bears his name. His song "Would You Like to Play the Guitar" is one of the most insightful and funny songs ever written about the life of a working musician.
Based in Portland, Ore., Mary Flower is one of the world's foremost masters of the difficult Piedmont style of blues guitar playing, and the only woman to ever win the prestigious National Finger Picking Championship in Winfield, Kan. Donohue and Flower close their set with "Grand Marais Blues," a tune they wrote just hours earlier about their experience on the North Shore.
The duo is followed by Julie Adams, who sings "Bird Island" — which was written by Graham Hill, son of Mountain Stage Band bass player Steve Hill.
This show originally aired November 4, 2011.


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Last week, I realized that I had used the very last of my homemade chicken stock. It was time, I decided, to make more. I have a confession to make. Last Thanksgiving morning, I had roasted some turkey wings & drumsticks and made a beautiful turkey stock to make extra gravy. In my haste, I managed to absent mindlessly pour the entire pot of turkey stock into a colander in my kitchen sink-- only, to my absolute horror, I forgot to put a pot underneath the colander! My husband could hear my shrieking "nooooooooo!", as I realized that hours of simmering the turkey stock had just disappeared right down the kitchen sink! I wanted to cry, but I remember that I still pulled off a great turkey feast.
Since then, I learned that using a pasta pot was the perfect solution because the colander fits right inside the pot. So there! I don't roast a whole chicken very often. I'm ashamed to admit that I still feel awkward about carving a whole chicken. It's such a hassle to me! So, when I spotted a huge package of chicken drumsticks on sale for about $4.00, I snatched them and got busy in the kitchen.
I'm not a fan of cooking a raw chicken in water, to make a chicken stock. I much prefer to roast the bird, because I think it gives the stock a richer flavor and color. I had about 16 drumsticks, which I washed, patted very dry and seasoned with salt and pepper...
While my tomatoes are now gone, and my basil is history, I still have some hearty Italian parsley, oregano, marjoram and thyme. So I cut some, and wrapped it with the rubber bands that I save when I buy broccoli--otherwise, you can use kitchen twine. Toss that in... you can see I hung the peppercorns, in the herb basket.
Having just thawed the leftover meatballs from this recipe, I decided to make Italian Wedding Soup. I've read lots of recipes, so I decided to improvise. This would be my first attempt at making this soup. I found a bag of fresh spinach, and I was ready to start.
Chicken soup really is good for anything that is ailing you, I do believe! This is my son's favorite soup, and he's been begging me to make it for him. So I carefully packed some into Chinese takeout boxes (that I buy in bulk) and delivered it to his apartment. He was so happy to have some home cooked loving!
I'm sure that many of you already know how to make chicken stock. I wanted to share how I make it with those of you who haven't. I think that homemade chicken stock is very cost-effective-- and I just think it tastes better.
I'm on the mend, I think. I've been busy making pumpkin puree and lots of new recipes. I'll try to get them posted this week. Hopefully, my immune system won't let that darn virus get the better of me!
With homemade love,


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1957 Article
Immersion is a mode of baptism in which the candidate is deeply immersed or completely submerged in water, either in a large baptismal font in the church or in a pool or stream in the open. Immersion may be single, forward (as in Krimmer Mennonite Brethren practice) or backward (Mennonite Brethren practice), or trine, forward (Brethren in Christ and Church of the Brethren). The practice of pouring upon the head of a candidate kneeling in a stream, as occasionally practiced in Mennonite Church, Old Order Amish, General Conference Mennonite, and some other groups, has no relation to immersion, although it is similar to a practice found in the second-century Christian Church. Immersion came into the Mennonite Brethren in Christ / Evangelical Missionary Church group through the Brethren in Christ (Swankites) group which merged with it in 1883. Immersion was the most common practice in the early centuries of church history and on down into the Middle Ages, although the alternate modes of sprinkling and pouring were also used at times. By the time of the Reformation it had been almost entirely displaced in the West, though still practiced in the East.
Immersionists base their practice upon their sincere conviction that the New Testament Greek word for baptize (baptizo) means to immerse, upon the circumstantial evidence of certain cases of New Testament baptism (e.g., the Ethiopian eunuch and Jesus), and upon such Scriptures as Matthew 3:16, Acts 8:32, Colossians 2:12, and Romans 6:4. They hold that immersion best symbolizes the new birth experience of death and resurrection with Christ -- death to the old life and resurrection to newness of life. The backward posture is based on the idea of burial, while the forward posture with its kneeling and bowing is held to symbolize Christ's suffering and death when He knelt in Gethsemane and bowed His head on the cross, as well as to reflect an attitude of submission by the candidate.
Immersionists are often exclusive in mode, recognizing no other mode as valid and requiring rebaptism of transfers who have not been immersed. This was generally the rule of the Mennonite Brethren Church in Russia and North and South America prior to the 1960s, although it was not the case with the Mennonite Brethren Conference of Ontario before it united with the Mennonite Brethren General Conference in 1939. This conference had been organized originally (1924?) as an Evangelical Mennonite Brethren group (Allianz-Gemeinde), which practiced immersion but not rebaptism of transfers. No other immersionist Mennonite group, except the Krimmer Mennonite Brethren requires rebaptism.
All cases known to the writer (Harold Bender) of the introduction of immersion in Mennonite history, temporary or permanent, are given in the following paragraphs. Conrad Grebel, as an exception to early Anabaptist practice and at the insistence of the candidate, apparently baptized Wolfgang Ulimann by immersion in the Rhine River near Schaffhausen in February 1525. It is not to be understood, however, that Grebel or Ulimann intentionally adopted immersion as a variant form, but rather that Ulimann in his enthusiasm, like Peter who wanted not only his feet but his entire body washed, "did not want only to have a bowl of water poured over him but desired to be pressed under and covered over with water in the Rhine altogether naked" (reported in Johannes Kessler's Sabbata, printed in St. Gall, 1902, from the original contemporary manuscript).
Sebastian Franck, who in his Chronica of 1531 described a large variety of supposed Anabaptist groups, listing even their minor differences in practice, fails to mention the practice of immersion by any Anabaptist group. The only possible evidence to the contrary is that cited by Friedrich Roth, who quotes (p. 212) Clemens Sender's chronicle, De Ortu et Progressu, as saying that some rebaptisms were performed at Augsburg in the Lech River, whereby the men were naked, the women in bathing clothes; the mode of baptism is not stated. The same chronicle reports baptisms in Augsburg as being performed in the homes. It is also known that several of the Augsburg preachers had been baptized by pouring and used this mode in their baptizing.
The assertion that Menno Simons taught immersion is based upon two statements in which Menno refers in passing (not in a direct discussion of the mode of baptism) to baptism as a "dipping in the water" (induycken in den water) and as a "baptism in the water" (doopsel in den water). Krahn (p. 137) and Horsch ("Did Menno . . .") have shown, however, that Menno elsewhere refers to baptism as "receiving a handful of water" (handt vol waters) and as being baptized "with the water" (met dat water), and both conclude that Menno had in mind only one form, namely, that of pouring or sprinkling. Bernhard Rothmann's Bekenntnisse von beyden Sacramenten (Münster, 1533) also speaks of baptism in dual terms as "inducking int water" and "int water gedumpelt werden," but says also that baptism means a dipping in (eyn induckinge) or sprinkling with water (waterbesprengung). Since there is documentary proof that baptism at Münster was performed by "pouring a little water on the head," it is clear that the terminology used by Rothmann was traditional and symbolical, and does not require the actual practice of immersion. The same is true of Menno Simons' terminology. Since immersion was little known in Western Christendom at this time (1530-60), although it was practiced in the Eastern Church, and since there is no evidence of any dispute among the Anabaptists of Western Germany or Holland about the mode, and since it is historically certain that pouring or sprinkling was practiced by the Anabaptists in this area, it is not very likely that Menno conceived practically of baptism as immersion in the modern sense.
Some Dutch Mennonites who were associated with the Collegiants (not an organized church, but a fellowship) were no doubt immersed, since the Collegiants twice a year practiced communion and conducted baptismal ceremonies by immersion at their center of Rijnsburg. Immersion was introduced in this group soon after it was established in 1619, probably under Polish Socinian influence (the first Socinian confession of 1574 specified immersion as the mode of baptism), since this was before the introduction of immersion by the English Baptists (1640), who actually took over immersion from the Collegiants.
Under Collegiant influence there was occasional practice of baptism by immersion in the Mennonite congregations at Amsterdam, Leiden, Rotterdam, and Schiedam during the 17th and early 18th centuries. The group at Surhuisterveen which practiced immersion were not Mennonites but a small group of followers of Alexander Mack, founder of the Church of the Brethren, who lived at Westerveen near Surhuisterveen from 1720 to 1729.
Jan Tammes of Groningen was excommunicated in 1688 from the Old Flemish congregation there because he advocated immersion and freedom for all members to preach as was the case among the Collegiants. Adriaan Houttuyn (1700-77), who was a preacher of the Waterlander congregation at Hoorn 1732-77, was an adherent of Collegiant principles including baptism by immersion. He published a booklet in 1752 giving reasons to prefer immersion above sprinkling, also a sermon on immersion in 1770 when he immersed at Rijnsburg.
Under Collegiant influence Arrien Jansen, a deacon in the Leeuwarden (Netherlands) Mennonite congregation, persuaded a part of the congregation to adopt immersion in 1715. Although in a short time affusion again replaced immersion, the stone immersion font remained in the meetinghouse until 1850. Jansen had promoted the idea since 1674 and caused much dissension. In 1720 he withdrew with his adherents but was readmitted to the congregation in 1725.
The immersion idea was strongly opposed by Bastiaan van Weenighem (1625-97), an influential elder (ordained 1659) of the Rotterdam Mennonite congregation and a strong leader of the orthodox party with T. J. van Braght. He published two vigorous attacks on immersion in 1666 and 1668, Nootwendighe verantwoordinge van zeventien redenen and Ganze Natuere des Doops. He was attacked in turn by the Collegiant Joan Arentsz in Eindelijck Verklaringe der gedoopte Christenen (1668).
Under the influence of an English Baptist a small part (two preachers and 15 members) of the Hamburg, Germany, congregation adopted immersion and separated from the main body in 1648-50. They were called Dompelaars, and continued to worship in the Hamburg Mennonite meetinghouse until 1708, when they built a church of their own. With the death in 1748 of their last preacher, Jacob Denner, they became extinct.
In Krefeld a small Dompelaar movement stirred up the question of immersion ca. 1700-30 in the Mennonite Church. Gosen Goyen, one of the Krefeld Mennonite preachers, was baptized by immersion in the Rhine in 1724. How many members of the Krefeld Mennonites followed Goyen is not known. Jan Crous, who was also a Krefeld Mennonite preacher, opposed Goyen. The small group of pietistic Dompelaars of this area migrated to Pennsylvania in 1719 to become the Church of the Brethren there, who of course practiced immersion.
The Cornelis Ris Confession of 1766 (Hoorn, Holland) says, "We understand under a baptism an immersion or submersion of the entire body in water, or a copious sprinkling of the same (which last mode we in these northern regions almost universally consider more proper, since the benefits [of baptism] are represented thereby)." Since the footnotes of Ris at this point submit a number of reasons against immersion, evidently the recognition of immersion by the Ris Confession as a valid form of baptism " is purely theoretical, and immersion was not intended to be practiced by those using the confession; they practiced sprinkling.
Steven Blaupot ten Cate (Geschiedenis der Doopsgezinden in Friesland, 1839) asserts that the Ukowallist or Groningen Old Flemish group in Holland (begun in 1630) practiced baptism by immersion, but an earlier detailed description given by Gehring in 1720 (Gründliche Historie, 224) of a Ukowallist baptismal service states that the elder "took a dish full of water, . . . knelt down beside the candidates, and baptized each one separately."
The small group of Mennonites in Baden, Germany, who in 1858 followed Michael Hahn and are known as the "Hahnische" Mennonites, adopted immersion.
The newly organized Mennonite Brethren group in South Russia, which had its official beginning in the Molotschna settlement on 6 January 1860, adopted immersion in September 1860. Friesen says (Brüderschaft, 245): "The Molotschna Mennonite Brethren congregation came independently to its concept and practice of baptism without personal contact or correspondence with the Baptists, but influenced by their writings." But the Mennonite Brethren congregation in the Chortitza settlement did not adopt immersion until 1862. A. H. Unruh in his Geschichte der Mennoniten-Brüdergemeinde says, "Abr. Unger came into a connection with the Baptist preacher Oncken, and it was under this influence that the question of baptism arose"; in other words, immersion.
A primary source regarding the introduction of immersion into the new movement is the diary of Jakob Becker, now in the Tabor College Library (Hillsboro, Kansas). According to this document Johann Claassen, who had been in St. Petersburg, first brought the idea of immersion to Becker and Bartel and convinced them that the Scripture required immersion. He also gave them a booklet on baptism, "in which I found explained by various doctors and theologians what baptism is. . . . When I with Heinrich Bartel had searched the book through, we were fully convinced that we had not received a Scriptural baptism." A. H. Unruh (p. 67) says that Jakob Reimer was stirred up on the question of baptism by reading the life story of Ann Judson, the Baptist missionary in Burma. Friesen (242) says this was in 1837, and that Reimer's father had learned of immersionists on a journey to Prussia in 1835. Becker, apparently not knowing of Reimer's attitude, says under date of 9 June 1860, "We knew at that time as yet nothing of an immersion," and indicates that Claassen first brought up the question of mode in connection with the commission of Becker to baptize two women. Becker reports that he then decided to find out what Menno Simons taught on baptism, since the original Mennonite Brethren declaration of 6 January 1860 (Ausgangsschrift), declared "that we in all other points agree with Menno Simons." He was satisfied when he found that Menno taught that the apostolic baptism was nothing else than "in unhindered water" (im unbeschwerten Wesser), gathering that this meant immersion in a stream of running water. Becker adds that he discovered further that "several had become acquainted with immersion through books and periodicals, who then also stood for it vigorously." Some additional immersionist literature read., according to Friesen largely introduced through Reimer, was: a tract published by the Free Evangelical Church in St. Gall, Switzerland, in which baptism by immersion was practiced; a tract of Baptist origin; a magazine Friedensglocke; and some "old books in which the baptism by immersion" was explained. After studying diligently the Word of God, Menno Simons' works, and other Christian literature, a number were convinced that immersion was the Scriptural baptism. The first application of the new convictions about the mode of baptism occurred on 23 September 1860, in the stream Kuruschan in the Molotschna settlement (half way between Waldheim and Gnadenfeld), when Becker baptized Bartel, Bartel in turn baptized Becker, and Becker then baptized three others in the presence of a "carriage full of brethren and sisters." Other baptisms followed on 9 and 14 October. Some prominent leaders of the Mennonite Brethren movement, such as Heinrich Hübert and Jakob Reimer, were baptized later (May 1861) and only Johann Claassen on 30 June 1862, when most of the members had been baptized. Some of those that were baptized in 1860 were baptized by kneeling in the water and dipping forward three times. At Easter of 1861 it was, however, decided that the mode of baptizing once backwards symbolizes more closely the burial of the Lord Jesus Christ and since that time this mode was the only one used.
About the same time, 1861, under the influence of the Baptist preacher Alf, several Mennonites of the congregation near Adamov, Poland, received baptism by immersion; but they did not unite with the Baptists because they differed on the oath, nonresistance, and feetwashing, and because some were immersed forward. The Krimmer Mennonite Brethren, founded in 1869 in the Crimea, adopted immersion at once as their sole mode of baptism. Elder J. A. Wiebe, the founder, states in a manuscript, "The form of baptism of the Krimmer Mennonite Brethren Church," after giving Scriptural evidence for baptism while kneeling, "In the small Martyrs' Mirror (i.e., Isaac von Duhren's Geschichte der Martyrer, 2nd ed., sold by Gottlieb Schad, Molotschna, 1863) it says clearly on page 8, 'At that time (i.e., in the first century) baptizing was not sprinkling, but the entire person was dipped in and under.' " This supports his initial statement, "We were anxious to have our form of baptism as taught in God's Word and as practiced by the apostolic churches during the persecution times." Wiebe also interpreted certain passages in Menno Simons' works as indicating that Menno taught immersion.
The Allianz-Gemeinde (Evangelical Mennonite Church), founded in the Ukraine in 1905-1907, practiced baptism by immersion but without requiring rebaptism of un-immersed transfers; its daughter groups in North and South America have done the same.
In North America immersion was made the exclusive mode of baptism by the River Brethren (Brethren in Christ) Church at its founding in 1770, under Dunkard (Church of the Brethren) influence. The Mennonite Brethren in Christ (now largely Evangelical Missionary Church) from the beginning (1875) made the mode of baptism optional, but gradually immersion came into favor; in 1896 it was made the exclusive form. The Missionary Church Association broke off from the Defenseless Mennonites in 1896, partly on the point of making immersion the exclusive mode of baptism.
The Evangelical Mennonite Brethren Church (now Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches), which long used pouring only, changed over to immersion about 1925 (by local congregational option, not by conference decision); only one congregation practiced pouring only by the 1950s, and one other permitted immersion on request by the candidate. The Evangelical Mennonites (formerly Defenseless Mennonites) originally had only pouring, but now make the mode optional; a growing minority of baptisms are performed by immersion. The Emmanuel independent church at Meade, Kansas, has only immersion since 1950. The Apostolic Christian Church, organized in 1832 in Switzerland, adopted immersion as its mode of baptism, requiring its Mennonite fraction (from the Emmental congregation) to be rebaptized. A preacher of this group (Benedict Weyeneth) who visited the Amish Mennonite congregation at Croghan, New York, succeeded in detaching a large part of the membership and ministers in 1852 and organizing them as an Apostolic Christian congregation, having led them to believe that immersion was the only true form of baptism,
While the remaining North American Mennonite bodies all recognize immersion as valid baptism and do not require rebaptism of transfers, only by exception do they allow immersion as an optional mode.
The intensity of feeling by some immersionist Mennonite groups, particularly on requirement of rebaptism of transfers with its attendant implication of invalidation of baptism by pouring or sprinkling, added at times to the difficulties hindering good inter-Mennonite relations. This was earlier true also of the relations between the Church of the Brethren and Mennonites. On the other hand, the identity of baptismal doctrine and practice between Mennonite Brethren and Baptists has resulted in a greater openness to Baptist influence, both in North America and Russia, and has resulted in some Mennonite Brethren transfers to the Baptists, both of ministers and members.
Occasionally certain claims for immersion have been made by Baptist and Mennonite historians; e.g., that Menno taught and practiced immersion, that "most Anabaptist congregations gave the baptismal candidates free choice of mode" (implying that immersion was recognized and practiced by the Anabaptists as an alternate mode), and that "there always were immersionists among the Mennonites, at least until 1750 or later." The latter two claims made by Friesen (Brüderschaft, p. 249) were taken over from the French Baptist historian, C. A. Ramseyer (Histoire des Baptistes, 1897). But general Anabaptist recognition of immersion or practice of it on an optional basis has not been demonstrated as is seen above. The general historic practice of Mennonites up to 1860, with few exceptions, was pouring or sprinkling. -- Harold S. Bender
1959 Supplemental Article
Frank Wray's discovery that Pilgram Marpeck used almost two thirds of Rothmann's Bekentnisse as a basis for his Vermanung throws some further light on the form of baptism used by the Anabaptists in South Germany. Rothmann only once refers to baptism as "waterbesprengung," and prefers terminology which describes baptism as immersion. In contrast Marpeck (with one exception) always adds (at least twelve times) to Rothmann's immersion terminology the phrase "or water poured over him" or similar phrases. Marpeck simply deletes Rothmann's assertion, "Everyone knows well that baptizing means to put under or to thrust into the water." At only one place does Marpeck refer to baptism as immersion (einduncken), viz., in the Verantwortung where he is defending the description given in the Vermanung. The evidence indicates strongly that Marpeck's brotherhood baptized by pouring.
However, Rothmann's writing is not to be interpreted as meaning that the Münsterites used immersion as their mode of baptism. Cornelius Krahn, who examined all the sources carefully, shows that pouring was the mode practiced. Gresbeck, an eyewitness, states that Jan van Leiden said in his trial that they baptized by using "a little water upon the head" (Cornelius).
Wiswedel's article on Silesia states that in the town of Habelschwerdt "immersion was apparently practiced" by the Anabaptists, quoting an unnamed source as follows: "For them the whole city was a temple; in private homes of citizens they held their meetings. The Neisse and the Weistritz were the great baptistries, into which adults were immersed and made members of their covenant."
The group at Surhuisterveen, Holland, which practiced immersion, was not Mennonite but followers of Alexander Mack, founder of the Church of the Brethren. -- William Klassen
1990 Update
The largest Mennonite immersionist conference (Mennonite Brethren in the United States and Canada) declared officially in 1963 that local churches be permitted "to accept into fellowship believers who have been baptized upon an experiential and confessed faith with a mode other than immersion." Such members were not to be transferred by letter from one church to another, but in 1972 the issue reappeared and a resolution was passed allowing transfers of non-immersed members among churches.
In each of the instances stated above it was made clear that immersion continues to be the one form of baptism practiced. In 1987 the Mennonite Brethren Conference (United States and Canada) for the first time stated that candidates for ordination to the pastoral ministry who have been baptized upon confession of faith by some other mode of baptism be accepted. The rationale stated that pouring (or affusion) signifies the reception of the Holy Spirit and therefore is "biblically tenable."
Conferences still practicing immersion exclusively include the Brethren in Christ, Evangelical Missionary Church, Evangelical Mennonite Church, and the Mennonite Brethren Church.
Immersion has been used on mission fields by those conferences generally using other modes where it appeared to prevent confusion when working in areas where immersionist bodies were also active. Immersion has become an option in some General Conference Mennonite and Mennonite Church (MC) congregations in North America. One General Conference congregation in central Kansas (Hebron) has provided such an option since its founding. That option still remains and a majority of baptismal candidates choose immersion. While little has been said in non-immersionist churches about immersion as an option, some young people in North American Mennonites churches have requested immersion. -- Marvin Hein
In addition to the literature given in the article "Baptism," the following should be noted:
Cornelius, C. A. Berichte der Augenzeugen über das Münsterische Wiedertäuferreich. Münster, 1853: 370.
Händiges, E. Die Lehre der Mennoniten in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Ludwigshafen. 1921.
Horsch, John. "Did Menno Simons Practice Baptism by Immersion?" Mennonite Quarterly Review (1927): 54-56.
Horsch, John. Kurzgefasste Geschichte der Mennoniten-Gemeinden. Elkhart, IN: Mennonite Pub. Co., 1890.
Krahn, Cornelius. Menno Simons. Karlsruhe, 1936: 136-38.
Kühler, W. J. Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche Doopsgezinden in de Zestiende Eeuw. Haarlem, Netherlands, 1932: 83.
Unruh, A. H. Die Geschichte der Mennoniten-Brüdergemeinde 1860-1954. Winnipeg, 1954, particularly "Die Einfuhrung der Tauchtaufe," 67-81.
The following writings by Mennonites, all but the first being brief treatises, usually include a treatment of the mode of baptism, and several are polemical anti-immersionist tracts:
Berkey, E. J. The Bible Mode of Baptism. Warrenton, 1906.
The Bible Mode of Baptism. Dale Enterprise, VA: Abraham Blosser, 1884.
Burkholder, Peter. Eine Verhandlung von der Aeusserlichen Wasser-Taufe. Harrisonburg, 1816.
Donner, Heinrich. Unterricht von der heiligen Wassertaufe. Printed at Tiegenhof, 1906, reprint of a first edition of 1792.
Funck, Heinrich. Ein Spiegel der Taufe. Germantown, 1744; English editions 1851 and later.
Heatwole, L. J. Baptism Shown to be a Ceremony of Consecration. Elkhart, IN: Mennonite Pub. Co., 1902.
Holdeman, J. Eine Vertheidigung gegen die Verfälscher unserer Schriften, wie such eine Erklärung und Erläuterung der Absicht der Christlichen Taufe. Lancaster, PA, 1865.
Peters, Isaak. Die christliche Wassertaufe, ihr Zweck und ihre Bedeutung. Elkhart, IN, ca. 1901.
Risser, Johannes. Glaube und Lehre von der Taufe der Mennoniten in Deutschland. Berlin, Canada, 1845.
Shank, L. H. Bible Mode of Baptism. Elkhart, IN, ca. 1900.
|Harold S. Bender
|William Klassen
|Marvin Hein
|Date Published
Cite This Article
MLA style
Bender, Harold S., William Klassen and Marvin Hein. "Immersion." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1989. Web. 25 Sep 2018. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Immersion&oldid=143612.
APA style
Bender, Harold S., William Klassen and Marvin Hein. (1989). Immersion. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 25 September 2018, from http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Immersion&oldid=143612.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 3, pp. 14-17; vol. 4, pp. 1096-1097, 1145; vol. 5, pp. 421-422. All rights reserved.
©1996-2018 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


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Businesses and workers-rights advocates are fighting over a bill that would set uniform state standards for employees who say they haven't been paid their full wages to seek compensation.
MIAMI — Businesses and workers-rights advocates are fighting over a bill that would set uniform state standards for employees who say they haven't been paid their full wages to seek compensation.
The bill would require workers to file a claim through the courts and would limit damages to the amount they are owed, with no clause of punitive damages. It also would preclude cities and counties from enacting their own systems, with an exception for Miami-Dade County, which would be allowed to keep most of the system it enacted in 2010.
Florida is one of the few states without a labor department, which is where most wage disputes are settled elsewhere.
The Florida Retail Federation says a consistent statewide system is necessary. The federation, which represents over 7,000 businesses, challenged Miami-Dade's ordinance in the courts but lost. Samantha Padgett, general counsel for the federation, rejected critics' assertion that the bill would make recovering lost wages more difficult.
"The small claims court system is designed for people to be able to navigate without legal representation," she said.
Opponents say the bill would make claiming unpaid wages costly and cumbersome. Many workers at low-paid jobs live paycheck to paycheck and cannot afford an attorney nor take time away from work to be in court, they say.
Jeanette Smith, executive director of the South Florida Interfaith Worker Justice organization, said the bill would give employers an incentive to engage in wage theft, as it provides no real penalty for employers beyond paying back wages.
Workers "go through all this, and they cannot even get damages," Smith said. She cited hospitality, construction, security and agriculture as some of the fields with the highest rates of wage theft.
Broward County Mayor Kristin Jacobs told a recent hearing that wage theft "is a huge problem" in her county. "There are companies where not paying workers has become their business model," she said. "I call them pirates."
Jacobs said that if a provision is going to be carved out for Miami-Dade, Broward should get one, too.
The bill has been filed by Rep. Tom Goodson, R-Titusville, who has filed similar pre-emption bills over the past three years, though this is the first to outline a compensatory procedure for wage theft claims. Goodson did not respond to repeated requests for comment.
The bill requires that workers first notify employers that they intend to file a civil action and specify the amount owed and the dates and hours worked. The employer would then have 15 days to pay or otherwise resolve the complaint. The claim must be filed within one year of the date the work was performed, and workers must prove wage theft "by a preponderance of evidence" — the facts would have to show that the theft was more likely to have happened than not.
"That's not an overwhelming burden to overcome," Padgett said.
While Miami-Dade's ordinance would be allowed to remain in effect for smaller companies, it would not apply to any company with an annual gross volume of sales or business of more than $500,000. Those would fall under the state law.
Under Miami-Dade's regulations, an employee can file a claim through the county Small Business Development's Wage Theft Unit, which then contacts the employer to mediate a resolution. If a settlement can't be reached, the employer is sent a complaint and a hearing is scheduled. So far almost $600,000 for 471 workers has been recovered through mediation, and another $1 million to 411 through an administrative hearing process, according to South Florida Interfaith Worker Justice.
Rep. Jose Javier Rodriguez, D-Miami, said most people who have used Miami-Dade's process don't have other recourse and cannot afford a lawyer.
"There are other counties considering following Miami-Dade's lead," he said. "I don't think that's good policy to exclude Miami-Dade only."
Rodriguez said Goodson's bill "goes way beyond pre-emption. This really is aimed at rolling back existing rights that employees have."
An analysis by the National Employment Law Project, a New York-based advocate for workers, said the bill would penalize employees for company failure to keep accurate records.
The group concluded that the bill "would severely impact the rights of low-wage workers and their families and local economies that rely on these wages to stay afloat."
The House bill is HB 1125.


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What better evidence than a mass extinction could there be of the power, dominance, and evolutionary supremacy of Homo sapiens over all living things? The problem is that the body count is missing. 20 There is no evidence that extinctions have occurred at a magnitude that would even remotely bear out the predictions of the 1990s or the claim that we are in the midst of a mass extinction event. 21
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), a highly respected scientific organization, keeps tabs on the number of species that have gone extinct. The IUCN Red List database of 2017, which looks at around 24,230 plant species,
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about 118 of them as disappearing since 1500, while another 35 are extinct in the wild but survive in cultivation.A mass extinction among the 24,230 plant species surveyed would require the loss of 18,000 of them. Given observed extinctions, at the current rate, the extinction of these 18,000 plants would take more than 70,000 years.
Or take insects, by far the largest faunal group in nature. Entomologists have good information on butterflies, tiger beetles, dragonflies, and damselflies. Over 25,250 of these species have been evaluated; only three are known to have become extinct in the past 500 years. 22 A mass extinction will therefore take three million years, although some data are hard to assess.
If plants and insects don't suffice, consider animals. IUCN manages data on 67,222 animals. It lists 748 as extinct since 1500 and an additional 34 as extinct in the wild.For a mass extinction to overtake 67,222 animals, 50,000 of them would need to disappear, which would take more than 25,000 years. All told, IUCN estimates that about 900 plant and animal species — 150 plants and 750 animals — have gone extinct since the year 1500. If one "ballparks" these numbers, 1,000 species went extinct at a rate of approximately two species per year during the past 500 years in a sample of roughly 100,000 species. A "mass extinction" at this rate will take 34,250 years. 23
Nonetheless, a Google Scholar search of the phrase "sixth mass extinction" generates almost 6,000 hits, nearly all of which concur that such an extinction event is well under way. Within this vast scientific consensus, it is difficult to find even a single article that questions the extinction predictions of the 1990s. Contrarian papers are often denied publication, biologists Peter Kareiva and Michelle Marvier have found, because reviewers worry "as much about political fallout and potential misinterpretation by the public as they do about the validity and rigor of the science."
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The belief that the world has embarked on a sixth mass extinction, it turns out, is based on theory, not data. The first model, which most ecologists defend, originates from the theory of island biogeography presented in 1967 by Robert MacArthur and E. O. Wilson. 25 MacArthur and Wilson argued that the number of species that will come to an island (the "immigration rate") will fall over time "because as more species become established, fewer immigrants will belong to new species." Conversely, "the extinction curve must on the other hand rise," they reasoned, since the more species colonize, "the more there are to become extinct" and the more likely each will succumb to "ecological and genetical accident." The theory of island biogeography, although centered on islands, is often used to model fragments of natural biodiversity surrounded by human development on the mainland as well.
Against his better judgment, Livingston ordered the sleeve into production. Three quarters of a million albums were printed, with a reported 60,000 copies sent to media contacts and retailers in advance of the June 15threlease date. Predictably, most balked at the gory cover. "Word came back very fast that the dealers would not touch it. They would not put the album in their stores," Livingston said. Lennon, however, remained defiant. "It's as relevant as Vietnam," he said during a press conference at the time. "If the public can accept something as cruel as the war, they can accept this cover."
Capitol Records found themselves in the unenviable position of either sitting on an album they couldn't sell or pissing off their star attraction by changing the artwork. The Beatles could have flexed their formidable muscle, but to the surprise of all concerned, they backed down.
The band's manager, Brian Epstein, was in the midst of renegotiating their American distribution contract. Though it's hard to believe today, offers from other labels were not forthcoming. Industry insiders, including Columbia kingpin Clive Davis , felt the Beatles had peaked and weren't willing to match Epstein's figure. Rather than risk future negotiations with reps at Capitol, Epstein (who apparently loathed the photo) convinced the Beatles to substitute a new shot – also taken by Whitaker – showing the band crowded around an old fashioned steamer trunk. "They stuck that awful-looking picture of us looking just as deadbeat but supposed to be a happy-go-lucky foursome," Lennon grumbled a decade later.
On June 14th, Capitol began a massive recall effort dubbed "Operation Retrieve." They sent a letter to retailers and reviewers requesting that copies of the album be returned immediately. "The original cover, created in England, was intended as 'pop art' satire," Livingston explained in the message . "However, a sampling of public opinion in the United States indicates that the cover design is subject to misinterpretation." The strategy was largely successful, although a handful of stores jumped the gun and sold the illicit album for a single day.
Workers at Capitol's four major pressing plants toiled through the weekend stuffing discs into new sleeves. According to an internal memo, 50,000 "butcher" sleeves were dumped into a landfill, where they were covered with layers of water, dirt, and trash. Rational minds ultimately hit upon a more efficient solution of pasting new cover slicks onto the existing sleeve. This saved time as well as money, and the inoffensive version of Yesterday and Today was in stores on June 20th, 1966, five days later than scheduled. The controversy didn't dampen the public's ardor for the Fab Four, and the album shot to Number One on the Billboard charts. Even so, the recall cost the label over $200,000, reportedly making it the only Beatles' album to lose money for Capitol.


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Schools, Colleges and Universities
click here To view & Order products
Captains Cabin offers a special schools service to local education establishments.
We are happy to visit local schools, colleges and universities and offer advice before your ski trip. Also as students of participating schools you are entitled to a discounted rate on clothing hire and special school offers.
We offer a special 10% discount off all of the essentials you'll need for your trip on the school order form. To take advantage of these offers you can either visit our shop with your form, by mail order using the form or online using the link above.
The Schools order form can be obtained through your school or during our evening visit to your school. If not please feel free to call Anni on the below number. So pick up a leaflet and visit us soon.
For further details, please contact our Canterbury branch 01227 457906
For further details, please contact our Canterbury branch 01227 457906


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We can always rely on TEFL Express to provide high quality English teachers who are well prepared, knowledgeable and have an energetic, positive teaching style in the classroom.


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We can only ship Apparel items within the U.S and its Territories.
Cheer for your Los Angeles Kings in style with this Have Pride tee shirt from Majestic! This shirt features a screen printed Kings logo on the shirt with "Hockey Royalty" printed abouve it. This is the perfect shirt to show your Kings pride.
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The Thor Conspiracy by Larry Burkett. Read aloud by Ray Mossholder.
Meet the Author (Edited from Wikipedia) Larry Burkett (March 3, 1939 – July 4, 2003) was an American author and radio personality whose work focused on financial counseling from an evangelical Christian point of view. After completing high school in Winter Garden, Florida, he entered the U.S. Air Force where he served in the Strategic Air Command. Upon completion of his military duties, Burkett and his wife Judy returned to central Florida, where he worked in the space program at Cape Canaveral. He spent the next several years at the Space Center in charge of an experiments test facility that served the Mercury-, Gemini-, and Apollo-manned space programs. While working at the space center, Burkett earned degrees in marketing and finance at Rollins College. Burkett left the Space Center in 1970 to become Vice President of an electronics manufacturing firm. In 1972, he became an evangelical Christian; an event that had a profound effect on his life. In 1973, he left the electronics company to join the staff of a nonprofit ministry, Campus Crusade for Christ, as a financial counselor where he met Austin Pryor, Ron Blue and other notable financial experts. It was during this time that he began an intense study of what the Bible says about handling money, and he started teaching small groups around the country. Burkett left the campus ministry in 1976 to form Christian Financial Concepts (CFC), a nonprofit organization dedicated to teaching the biblical principles of handling money. In September 2000, CFC merged with Crown Ministries, creating a new organization, Crown Financial Ministries. Burkett served as Chairman of the Board of Directors until his death. Burkett published more than 70 books, sales of which now exceed 11 million copies and include several national best-sellers. He did three daily radio programs "Money Matters," "How to Manage Your Money," and "MoneyWatch," along with a series of short features titled "A Money Minute," which were carried on more than 1,100 radio outlets worldwide. (Crown Financial Ministries has since replaced the three longer-form radio broadcasts with shows having different titles and reworked formats.) In May 1996, Southwest Baptist University conferred on Burkett an honorary doctorate in economics. His last book was Nothing to Fear, in which he gave an update on his experiences with cancer and cancer treatments. Larry died on the fourth of July, 2003. His book "The Illumaniti" was published in 1991. "The Thor Conspiracy" was published in 1994.


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German Homeschool Case May Impact U.S. Homeschool Freedom
- Mike Farris, Esq. President of Patrick Henry College
- 2013 20 Feb
Having immersed myself for about eight days in writing a brief for the Romeike family (a German homeschooling family who fled to the United States for political asylum), I wanted to share some insights I gained into the view of our own government toward the rights of homeschooling parents in general.
You will benefit from some context.
The U.S. law of asylum allows a refugee to stay in the United States permanently if he can show that he is being persecuted for one of several specific reasons. Among these are persecution for religious reasons and persecution of a "particular social group."
In most asylum cases, there is some guesswork necessary to figure out the government's true motive—but not in this case. The Supreme Court of Germany declared that the purpose of the German ban on homeschooling was to "counteract the development of religious and philosophically motivated parallel societies."
This sounds elegant, perhaps, but at its core it is a frightening concept. This means that the German government wants to prohibit people who think differently from the government (on religious or philosophical grounds) from growing and developing into a force in society.
Dressed-up Totalitarianism
It is thought control. It is belief control. It is totalitarianism dressed up in politically correct lingo.
But my goal today is to not belabor the nature of German repression of homeschooling; rather I seek to reveal the view of the United States government to all of this.
The Romeikes' case is before the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. The case for the government is officially in the name of the Attorney General of the United States. The case is called Romeike v. Holder. Thus, the brief filed by the U.S. Department of Justice is filed on behalf of the attorney general himself—although we can be reasonably certain he has not personally read it. Nonetheless, it is a statement of the position of our government at a very high level.
We argued that Germany is a party to many human rights treaties that contain specific provisions that protect the right of parents to provide an education that is different from the government schools. Parents have the explicit right to give their children an education according to their own philosophy.
While the United States government argued many things in their brief, there are three specific arguments that you should know about.
No Homeschooling? No Problem.
First, they argued that there was no violation of anyone's protected rights in a law that entirely bans homeschooling. There would only be a problem if Germany banned homeschooling for some but permitted it for others.
Now in reality, Germany does permit some people to homeschool, but it is rare and in general Germany does ban homeschooling broadly—although not completely. (Germany allows exemptions from compulsory attendance for Gypsies and those whose jobs require constant travel. Those who want to stay at home and teach their own children are always denied.)
But, let's assess the position of the United States government on the face of its argument: a nation violates no one's rights if it bans homeschooling entirely.
There are two major portions of constitutional rights of citizens—fundamental liberties and equal protection. The U.S. Attorney General has said this about homeschooling. There is no fundamental liberty to homeschool. So long as a government bans homeschooling broadly and equally, there is no violation of your rights. This is a view which gives some acknowledgement to the principle of equal protection but which entirely jettisons the concept of fundamental liberties.
A second argument is revealing. The U.S. government contended that the Romeikes' case failed to show that there was any discrimination based on religion because, among other reasons, the Romeikes did not prove that all homeschoolers were religious, and that not all Christians believed they had to homeschool.
This argument demonstrates another form of dangerous "group think" by our own government. The central problem here is that the U.S. government does not understand that religious freedom is an individual right. One need not be a part of any church or other religious group to be able to make a religious freedom claim. Specifically, one doesn't have to follow the dictates of a church to claim religious freedom—one should be able to follow the dictates of God Himself.
The United States Supreme Court has made it very clear in the past that religious freedom is an individual right. Yet our current government does not seem to understand this. They only think of us as members of groups and factions. It is an extreme form of identity politics that directly threatens any understanding of individual liberty.
One final argument from Romeikes deserves our attention. One of the grounds for asylum is if persecution is aimed at a "particular social group." The definition of a "particular social group" requires a showing of an "immutable" characteristic that cannot change or should not be required to be changed. We contend that German homeschoolers are a particular social group who are being persecuted by their government.
The U.S. government says that Germany's ban on homeschooling does not meet this standard because, of course, the family can change—they can simply stop homeschooling and let their children go to the public schools. After all, the U.S. government says, the children are only in public schools 22-26 hours a week. After that the parents may teach what they want.
Faulty Understanding
There are two main problems with this argument. First, our government does not understand that families like the Romeikes have two goals when they chose homeschooling. There are things they want to teach and there are things they want to avoid their children being taught in the government schools.
Does anyone think that our government would say to Orthodox Jewish parents, we can force your children to eat pork products for 22-26 hours per week because the rest of the time you can feed them kosher food
Freedom for the mind and spirit is as important as freedom for the body and spirit.
This argument necessarily means that the United States government believes that it would not violate your rights if our own government banned homeschooling entirely. After all, you could teach your children your own values after they have had 22-26 hours of public school indoctrination aimed at counteracting religious and philosophical views the government doesn't like.
The second problem with this argument goes back to the definition of immutability. Immutable means a characteristic that cannot be changed or "should not be required" to be changed.
No one contends that homeschooling is a characteristic that cannot be changed. We simply contend that in a free nation it is a characteristic that should not be required to be changed.
Germany has signed international treaties which proclaim that parental rights are a prior right over any views of the government when it comes to education. In fact, the movement for the adoption of these treaties came in reaction to the world's horror at broad-ranging attack on human rights that Germany perpetrated in the events surrounding World War II. Nazi Germany believed that the children belonged first to the state. The world community answered that and said, no, parental rights are prior to those of the government.
Eliminating the Right to Choose
When the United States government says that homeschooling is a mutable choice—they are saying that it is a characteristic that a government can legitimately coerce you to change. In other words, you have no protected right to choose the education for your children. Our nation could remove your ability to homeschool and your choice would be mutable—since the government has the authority to force you to implement their wishes.
The prospect for German homeschooling freedom is not bright. But we should not reserve all of our concern for the views of the German government. Our own government is attempting to send German homeschoolers back to that land to face criminal prosecutions with fines, jail sentences, and removal of custody of children.
We should understand that in these arguments by the U.S. government, something important is being said about our own liberties as American homeschoolers.
The Attorney General of the United States thinks that a law that bans homeschooling entirely violates no fundamental liberties.
It is important that Americans stand up for the rights of German homeschooling families. In so doing, we stand up for our own.
To make a tax-deductible gift to the Homeschool Freedom Fund, which will fund litigation and educating the public about homeschooling, click here. If you are not an HSLDA member, join now! For more information about opportunities to support the work of HSLDA see the FAQ here.
Courtesy HSLDA. Used with permission.
Since founding HSLDA in 1983, Michael Farris has used his extensive experience in both politics and appellate litigation to defend parental rights and help grow the organization to over 80,000 member families. He is also the founding president and current Chancellor of Patrick Henry College, a Christian institution with the mission of training students through a classical liberal arts curriculum and apprenticeship methodology to impact the world "for Christ and for Liberty."
Farris has written over a dozen books, including three novels, a constitutional law textbook, and works on marriage, parenting, homeschooling, political advocacy, and religious liberty. His daily radio program, Home School Heartbeat, airs on several hundred stations nationwide.
In recognition of his work in home education, Education Week has named Farris one of the "Top 100 Faces in Education of the 20th Century." Heritage Foundation awarded him its Salvatori Award for American Citizenship in 2002.
Mike and Vickie Farris live in Purcellville, Virginia, and have 10 children and 10 grandchildren.
Home School Legal Defense Association is a nonprofit advocacy organization established to defend and advance the constitutional right of parents to direct the education of their children and to protect family freedoms. Through annual memberships, HSLDA is tens of thousands of families united in service together, providing a strong voice when and where needed.
Publication date: February 20, 2013


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Welcome to the rights to water and sanitation website
Use this site to find out more about why water and sanitation as human rights are key to achieving universal access to safe water and sanitation. Also, find out about what progress has been made in getting the rights recognised and what impact the implementation of the rights has made so far. Learn about ways in which you can get involved, how to use the rights-based approach in your advocacy work and read the news about all the latest developments.
UN Special Rapporteur's Handbook
The Handbook of the UN Special Rapporteur is now available in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Arabic
Making Rights Real
Use these materials to integrate the rights to water and sanitation into your work.
Rights in practice
Find out how you can advocate for the rights to water and sanitation
What do the rights mean?
Find out more about the content of the rights to water and sanitation


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Department Chair Dr. Christine A. Hunt Associate Professor (716) 375-2315 firstname.lastname@example.com Plassmann Hall, B12
It is my belief that my role in the classroom is to guide my students toward success. The field of education is ever-changing so it is as important that students learn "how to learn" as it is for them to learn the skills necessary to become effect teachers.
I believe in an active, engaged classroom where learning happens through lecture, projects, discussion, group and individual work. I also believe in assessing students through a variety of methods including papers, projects, participation, exams and quizzes, group and individual work, because no one assessment can tell me everything there is to know about student success in the classroom.
Application forms, procedures and additional information
There are many ways to experience
St. Bonaventure for yourself
Learn more about the programs that interest you


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By Michael Winfrey and Lefteris Papadimas
ATHENS (Reuters) - When Greece's government pushed through a law last week aimed at slashing public wages and raising taxes, its biggest threat was not the firebrand opposition or the 100,000 protesters thronged at the gates of parliament.
It was the assembly's workers themselves, a well-connected group that has long evoked disdain for enjoying the kind of lavish pay and benefits that have become emblematic of the public sector excess at the heart of Greece's debt crisis.
The staff dispute that image. But, having discovered that a 500-odd page draft law of cost cuts and tax hikes included a last minute amendment giving the finance ministry oversight over parliamentary pay, dozens of clerks walked off the job.
"Thieves!" they shouted at parliamentarians as they blocked the doors to the chamber, according to a witness, who saw some workers try to hit journalists who were filming them.
Police rushed to lock the door to the basement after a group threatened to shut off the power main.
The walk out briefly halted debate on the bill required for Greece to avoid bankruptcy and forced Finance Minister Yannis Stounaras to back down, a feat thousands of furious demonstrators in the rain outside had failed to achieve.
It triggered outrage among lawmakers and media, who ran headlines reading "Shame!" and complained most of the staff, unsackable under the constitution, were friends or family of politicians benefiting from an anachronistic patronage system.
Greek liberal daily Ta Nea dubbed them "The Princes of Parliament" and called for widespread dismissals among the almost 1,300 staffers.
"The party is over. The politicians have the responsibility to clean the Augean Stables they have created," the newspaper wrote in a front-page editorial, referring to the dirtiest of Hercules's 12 legendary labors in which he diverted a river to wash the manure from the stalls of 1,000 divine cattle.
In August, Conservative New Democracy MP Byron Polydoras struck a nerve when, appointed parliament speaker for just one day after an inconclusive May election, he made his daughter a permanent employee in his office, a position immune to firing.
The chamber's workers outnumber Greece's 300 deputies by more than four to one. By comparison, Britain's House of Commons has around 1,830 for its 646 lawmakers, a ratio of 2.8 to one.
Newspapers cataloged perks enjoyed by the clerks, lawyers, legal experts, messengers, and others in parliament's halls.
Besides public sector pensions, the lists included benefits such as 16-monthly salaries and huge one-off bonuses upon retirement.
The legislature's staff, however, tells a different story. According to Panagiotis Politis, president of the parliament workers' association, his salary has been cut by 50 percent, in line with cuts seen across Greece's public sector.
"We used to get the 16 monthly salaries, election bonuses and so on. But all this has been cut... I have 25 years experience and I get 1,040 euros a month, net," he said.
"What's happening with the media is absurd. By attacking us they are targeting the political system... We can't go out with our children and our spouses in society."
A finance ministry official said Stounaras would resubmit the amendment in an effort to eliminate all bonus schemes within the state system. Politis said the assembly's workers would it block again.
He fears it could threaten the last uncut benefits - overtime payments worth up to 500 euros a month and a 60-salary retirement bonus that could amount to 150,000 euros or more for workers with 30 years experience.
"Of course we don't agree with cutting our retirement bonuses. This is our money," he said, explaining they were partially funded by monthly contributions from workers.
"If they bring it back in the same way, we will stop it...Maybe more forcefully this time."
($1 = 0.7868 euros)
(Additional reporting by Karolina Tagaris and Renee Maltezou; editing by Anna Willard)


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Get the Flock! [PS3/X360/PC] Trailer off WP (40mb)
Look! Up in the sky! It's a bird! It's a plane! It's a . . . lovable animal-herding UFO! In Flock!, players take control of a UFO that has been given the challenge of herding farm animals to its mothership through a variety of puzzle-filled interactive levels, including corn fields, pastures and other "plushie"-like environments. In order to succeed, players will have to manage the quirkiness of the animal's distinct behaviors, as well as solve a series of environmental puzzles using Flock's! physics-based gameplay. The animals that populate these islands – sheep, chickens, pigs, cows and more – respond to the UFO in all kinds of eccentric ways based on their nature. By finding or creating a passable route across a level, players can herd the animals safely toward their ship. Solving the puzzles within the suggested time limit yields exciting rewards, but players can also take their time in order to find more hidden bonuses. With a unique theme, clever humor and easy pick-up-and-play controls, Flock! promises to be an instant hit with gamers of all ages!
The game is played from a third-person top-down perspective. Users take control and pilot the UFO around a series of small "plushie" islands surrounded by water. The animals that populate these islands – sheep, chickens, pigs, cows and more – respond to the UFO in all kinds of quirky ways based on their nature. The challenge is to take advantage of these behaviors in order to help guide the animals to the mothership and rack-up points. If all else fails, there's always the tractor beam!
Flock! uses a sophisticated physics engine that drives the challenging puzzle elements of the game. Whether using the Tractor Beam to move obstacles out of the way or the Depressor Beam to stamp out crop circles to guide your herds, being an extraterrestrial has never been this fun! Friends will also be able to join in on the animal herding adventures through co-op play. And when all the levels have been completed, the journey is just getting started as users will be able to make their own customized puzzle-filled levels using the level editor. Flock! comes packed with so much content, the potential fun is out of this world!
- Over 50 levels of pastoral puzzle challenges.
- Explore levels to find secret collectables and upgrades
- Level Editor allows players to make their own "plushie" and puzzle-filled levels and share them with their friends online.
- Two-player online and local co-op mode makes the "flocking" exponentially fun.
- Compelling environments complemented by a whimsical art style, beautiful lighting and distinctive textures make this one of the most graphically-advanced downloadable titles to date.
- Real-world physics engine creates all new types of puzzles: pick up wooden planks to form bridges, move items to create obstructions, crush wheat into pathways
Developed by Proper Games, known for their previous work on Lemmings, Crackdown, and Battlefield 2: Modern Combat, Flock! is currently scheduled for a downloadable release this Holiday season.
More articles about Flock!


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This Week In Island History
Week of July 5
The news of 10 and 15 years ago is from the Jamestown Press. The news of 100 years ago came from the collection of the Newport Historical Society.
100 years ago
From the Newport Journal, July 5, 1912
Mrs. E.A. Poe and her son of Baltimore are at Harmony Villa, Union Street, for the season.
Sunday the ferry company management received a telegram from Washington to continue the ferry service to and from Fort Greble until further notice. The contract expired June 30 and as the appropriation bill had been vetoed it was thought that the service would be discontinued.
The hop given by the management of the Gardner House Saturday was the first of the season and the large attendance indicated the number of summer people who arrived early were larger than for a number of years.
Battleships Florida and Massachusetts anchored off the east shore of the island Sunday, for a considerable stay. The Massachusetts is opposite the Dumplings, while the Florida is farther north, off Taylor's point.
75 years ago
From the Newport Daily News, July 6, 1937
The fine weather over the weekend and holiday brought many visitors to the island, and there was much entertaining at clubs and cottages. A large number of the summer colony attending the Saturday night dance at the Beavertail Country club, preceded by several dinner parties at the club. Monday, the boat races and luncheon at the Conanicut Yacht Club attracted a large crowd. Beavertail was chosen by many hold- ing beach and supper parties.
Owing to the abundance of blooms at this time, the date of the first exhibit of Jamestown gardens has been decided upon for Wednesday afternoon.
Miss Clara Lewis, teacher in Thomas H. Clarke School, left last week for a several weeks' stay abroad. From the Newport Daily News,
July 7, 1937
Under the provisions of the relief act recently passed by Congress, supporters of the Jamestown Bridge believe they can take [sic] an appeal from the recent ruling of the Public Works Administration in Washington turning down that proposed $2,200,000 project. A loan and grant totaling over $1 million had been sought from the federal government.
50 years ago From the Newport Daily News,
July 3, 1962
The Jamestown Red Cross will sponsor swimming and life-saving training again this year at Mackerel Cove Beach. Classes will be held daily, Monday through Friday from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. From The Newport Daily News,
July 6, 1962
A total of 124 children have enrolled in the swimming and lifesaving classes sponsored by the Jamestown Red Cross at Mackerel Cove Beach. From the Newport Daily News,
July 7, 1962
Jazz returned to Newport last night and wrapped in warm glow around some 9,000 fans in Freebody Park, but without setting off any uncontrolled bonfires. Traffic over the Jamestown Ferry, light during the day yesterday, was stepped up sharply by evening when fans began pouring into the city. The boats stopped running and tied up at 2 a.m. Early today the heavy load of traffic began again and has continued during the morning.
25 years ago From the Newport Daily News,
July 1, 1987
New homeowners are skirting state septic-system regulations by understating the number of bedrooms in their homes, town offi- cials believe. In 1961 a newspaper ad screamed out that there were plenty of home lots available in the Shores area for a mere $750. Times were different. Jamestown was trying to attract new residents. From the Newport Daily News,
July 7, 1987
Cynics, take note. The Newport toll plaza reconstruction is on schedule. The $1.8 million project will add three new lanes to the five already available. The new plaza is needed to facilitate increased traffi c expected once the new Jamestown Bridge and the four-lane connector road are completed.
15 years ago
From the Jamestown Press,
July 3, 1997
The Ambulance Association does not want to move its barn from its current Knowles Court location. Town officials have been talking of possibly building a new barn for the ambulance on a double lot west of the fire station and having the all-volunteer Ambulance Association share facilities with the Fire Department.
The Jamestown Senior Center on West Street will soon have an elevator installed to meet federal regulations, requiring that public buildings be handicapped accessible.
10 years ago
From the Jamestown Press,
July 3, 2002
A roster of noted speakers from historical, military and governmental groups joined forces June 29 with uniformed members of Rhode Island's reenactment militia units and the music of the Jamestown Community Band to commemorate the restoration of the island's Revolutionary War fort, the Conanicut Battery.
The Jamestown Water Department recently released its waterquality report for the year 2001, a report mandated by federal and state agencies, which must be available by July 1 of each year. The year's report, a two-sided, one-page sheet that was mailed to all town water customers, includes information on possible contaminants that can affect water quality and the specific levels of contaminants in Jamestown's municipal water system. In no case did any contaminant exceed the maximum levels for safe drinking water.


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Ignacio Berroa
Ignacio Berroa has been recognized by many as one of the greatest drummers of our times. His numerous contributions to the American music scene have earned him a place among a very selective group of artists known to have set new musical trends for the 20th century. Jazz Legend Dizzy Gillespie best defined Ignacio as:..."The only Latin drummer in the world, in the history of American music that intimately knows both worlds; his native Afro-Cuban music as well as Jazz..."Highly respected among his peers, Ignacio's musicianship and versatility have enabled him to build a successful career by gaining the recognition of some of the most important artists in the business.


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Western NC woman rescued after car lands in river
Western NC woman rescued after car lands in river
Rescuers in Asheville say a woman escaped serious injury when her car ran off a street and landed upside down in the French Broad River.
The Asheville Citizen-Times reports that Asheville Fire Department water rescue personnel managed to free 46-year-old Ronda Evans Williams from the vehicle where she was trapped underwater Sunday night.
Williams was treated for minor injuries at Mission Hospital and released.
Fire department spokeswoman Kelley Klope said Williams was able to find an air pocket inside the car to breathe.
Police said Williams' 1999 Acura ran off the road to the right, down an embankment and into the river, where it overturned in about four feet of water.
An investigation into the accident is continuing.


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Ronna and Eric Hoffman Gallery of Contemporary Art
Debra Beers and Ted Vogel: A Faculty Exhibition
Date: January 23, 2014 - March 9, 2014 Location: Hoffman Gallery
- Ted Vogel, Shadow (detail). 2013. Porcelain, rose petals, digital imagery, and wood
Hoffman Gallery
Opening Reception
Thursday, January 23. 5 to 7 p.m.
Gallery Talks
Debra Beers
Thursday, February 6
Exhibition and all events are free.


text: I am looking to start a game after Dec. 15 at my home in Mays Landing. Would like to find 4 - 6 players maybe up to 8 including people that can co-dm. We will be play D&D 3/3.5 on Saturday night but that can be changed to accomodate most everyone. Please let me know ASAP here or at firstname.lastname@example.com


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I thought somebody had jumped the gun on April Fool's Day, when the e-mail from the Broncos showed up around 9 p.m. Tuesday. They haven't been able to get in touch with Jay Cutler for 10 days, so he's out of there? Like that? They know they can get enough value in a trade to jump off that cliff?
It's one thing to privately conclude the relationship has gone so far south that you need to start listening to proposals. But when you declare your intention to trade your talented young quarterback ... you have to then trade your talented young quarterback. There's no way back.
This has been one of the strangest sagas I've seen that didn't involve T.O. I just can't believe that new coach Josh McDaniels' brief flirtation with the idea of bringing in Matt Cassel, the QB he coached last year in New England, got Cutler so riled he wants to roll the dice on his career. Denver is not a sad-sack franchise. Pat Bowlen is a solid owner, the offensive weapons around Cutler are first-rate, the new coach is well-regarded. Because they kicked around the idea of trading him, Cutler now wants to start over with, say, the Jets or the Browns? Huh?
You might notice that in all the internet speculation swirling over a possible Cutler destination, you don't see the Eagles mentioned. (I'm talking about news sites, not fan speculation sites.) That's as it should be. The Eagles haven't given any indication they're of a mind to trade Donovan McNabb (yet), they still like Kevin Kolb as a successor, and maybe most important, they have other key needs they need to address with the resources they'd have to spend to make such a deal.
I think that last point also holds true when it comes to rumors about a trade for Carolina DE Julius Peppers, though media reports from the Charlotte area keep listing the Eagles as likely suitors. One of those reports cited, as part of its rationale, that the Birds once signed Jevon Kearse (which is hardly the same thing as trading significant assets for him). Yeah, and that turned out so well. I'm sure that means the Eagles should be in the discussion everytime a high-profile 30-something D-lineman is on the block. Right?
A closing thought: If I were Jamaal Jackson, I'd show up for minicamp in really good shape. The Eagles just re-signed Nick Cole, who will either start at guard or push Jackson for the center job. And whenever you see anything written about a center who's highly rated going into the April 25-26 draft, the Eagles are among the teams that attended his pro day, asked him in for a visit, or have otherwise expressed interest.
For our earlier post on the Eagles' offseason schedule, click here


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You will learn
How to download, install, and configure
unixODBC to connect from your SAP HANA, express edition host machine to a client machine.
Learn how to complete common tasks when setting up a new database. In this tutorial, you will install and configure unixODBC.
How to download, install, and configure
unixODBC to connect from your SAP HANA, express edition host machine to a client machine.
In the following How-To, the "host machine" refers to the machine on which you will be installing and configuring unixODBC. The "client machine" refers to the machine (or machines) you will be connecting to using unixODBC.
You will need the IP address of your host and client machine(s). Have that information available while you proceed through this how-to.
Before you can connect to your client database using unixODBC, you must update the client's
hosts file with the IP address of your SAP HANA, express edition host machine. You will need to do this with each client database.
On your client machine(s), do the following:
/etc/hosts on Windows
Navigate to
In Administrator mode, open hosts in Notepad. See your operating system for information on opening applications in Administrator mode.
In a new uncommented row, add the IP address of your host machine with an alias of your choosing. Save your changes.
Tip: Spacing is important. Make sure your hosts file in Notepad looks like this image.
/etc/hosts on Mac and Linux
On your Mac or Linux machine, start the Terminal application.
Edit the
hosts file with the following command:
sudo sh - c 'echo <ip_address_of_host> <alias> >> /etc/hosts'
The remaining steps are performed on your host machine.
If you have not registered your version of SUSE, you will have no repositories loaded onto your machine. For more information, see the SAP HANA Academy video for details.
Open a command line to your host machine.
YaST using
sudo -i
From Software go to Software Management
Search for and install
Type "
unixodbc" in the Search Phrase section and press Enter.
Select either the 32- or 64-bit version depending on your installation.
Press Tab and press Enter to open an action menu. Highlight + and press Enter to accept.
Press F10 to accept. Installation will take a few moments.
YaST by hitting F10 to finish and then F9 to quit.
Check if installation was successful. Run the command
odbcinst. If you see a list of commands, installation was successful.
Log in as
<sid>adm and move to
/usr/sap/HXE/home directory.
su -l hxeadm
cd /usr/sap/HXE/home
Create the
.odbc.ini file.
vi .odbc.ini
Add the following for each client machine:
servernode = <client_ip_address>:3<instance_number>13
#location of the unixODBC driver
driver = /usr/sap/<sid>/HDB<instance_number>/exe/libodbcHDB.so
description = <optional_description>
databasename = <your_database_alias>
Here is an example:
servernode = 10.100.100:39013
driver = /usr/sap/HXE/HDB90/exe/libodbcHDB.so
description = Test database for unixODBC
databasename = client
Connect to your system with the
isql command.
isql <DATABASE_NAME> <user> <password>
isql HXECLIENT SYSTEM Password1
If successful, a list of commands displays:
Updated 03/04/2018
Contributors Provide Feedback
15 Min


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For the media
- News releases
- Download mug shots
- Research tips
- News tips, advisories
- Ag tips
- Other news sources
- Campus maps
News Service
For the media
For the campus
News Service
Annette Hacker, director, (515) 294-3720
Office: (515) 294-4777
Researcher works with European Space Agency to test moisture satellite
Brian Hornbuckle, an agronomy professor at ISU, is assisting the European Space Agency research soil moisture content.
Faculty-staff couple head for Peace Corps service in Ghana
It's not your typical faculty leave. But for Chris and Tammi Martin, joining the Peace Corps is the assignment of a lifetime. Chris, associate professor of art and design, and Tammi, administrative specialist in the Center for Crops Utilization Research, depart June 7 for two years of service in Ghana.
ISU study finds Iowa Caucuses generate $15.5 million in state economic impact
A new report by ISU economist Dave Swenson titled "The Economic Impact of the Iowa Caucus: Gauging the Worth of its First-in-the-Nation Position?," found that the major presidential candidates' economic impact to the state was $15.5 million in total sales in the six months preceding the Iowa Caucuses.
Iowa State University helps catch cheaters as summer's fastest athletes compete
The Kentucky Derby, May 3 at Churchill Downs in Louisville, uses Iowa State University researchers to check the horses for performance-enhancing drugs. Iowa State University researchers have been working with the derby for six years, and during that time drug testing has become a household topic.
Iowa State study finds TV portrayals of psychological therapy influences willingness to seek it
Three Iowa State psychologists collaborated on a study that found that television portrayals may make viewers less likely to seek psychological services themselves. Their paper titled "The Influence of Television on Willingness to Seek Therapy," was published in the March issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology.
ISU dominates 2008 Des Moines Arts Festival Emerging Iowa Artists
Fifteen of the 24 jury-selected Emerging Iowa Artists in the 2008 Des Moines Arts Festival (June 27-29) hail from ISU's College of Design. Twelve are students and three are alumni. The Emerging Iowa Artists Program identifies Iowa's up-and-coming young artists.
Commitment from G. Richard Johnson will Create First Endowed Department Chair at ISU
The first endowment for a department chair at Iowa State University will be established with a $2 million bequest from alumnus G. Richard "Dick" Johnson of Urbana, Ill. Johnson's commitment will create the Wilbert A. Russell Endowed Department Chair in Agronomy in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.
"Be Active Kids!" creator to present Pease Family Scholar lecture April 24
Catherine Ennis, a professor of kinesiology and curriculum and instruction at the University of Maryland and creator of "Be Active Kids!" -- a science-based physical education program funded by the National Institute of Health -- will present the Pease Family Scholar lecture on Thursday, April 24, at 7 p.m. in ISU's Forker Building, Room 279.
2009 Veishea dates will change, with hopes of better weather
Iowa State University officials and student Veishea organizers have decided to change the date of next year's Veishea celebration to April 13-19, 2009.
Robots, games, hackers: first IT-Olympics at Iowa State celebrates computer smarts
The first IT-Olympics at Iowa State will bring about 200 students from 25 high schools to Hilton Coliseum April 25-26. They'll compete in robotics, game design and cyber defense. They'll also learn there's a future in information technology.
Morrill Act on display through April 27
The Morrill Act, a rare historical document, never seen outside of D.C., is on display in ISU's Christian Petersen Art Museum through April 27. Abraham Lincoln signed the act, which created a new kind of "people's university."
ISU team wins top award in statewide Pappajohn new venture business plan competition
The ISU team of Joel Rieken of Ankeny and Andy Heidloff of West Des Moines -- both graduate students in materials science and engineering (MSE) -- and Iver Anderson, an adjunct professor in MSE, was chosen one of the top prize winners in the recent statewide Pappajohn New Venture Business Plan Competition.
New legislation will extend ISU's smoking ban
The ban on smoking in ISU buildings will be extended to outdoor campus areas under new state legislation.
Nation's only three-term woman governor is ISU's spring Mary Louise Smith Chair
Madeleine Kunin, the first and only woman to serve as governor bof Vermont and former ambassador to Switzerland, will be ISU's Spring 2008 Mary Louise Smith Chair in Women and Politics on Thursday, April 24. The nation's only three-term woman governor (1985-1991), Kunin will discuss her new book, "Pearls, Politics, and Power: How Women Can Win and Lead," in a free, public presentation at 7:30 p.m. in the Great Hall of the Memorial Union.
Enjoying the view
Veishea parade lovers jam the steps of Beardshear April 12 to watch the show. Check the slide show on the ISU homepage for more Veishea photos.
Biorenewables research
VISIONS magazine looks at biorenewables research, a hot topic on the ISU campus. The spring 2008 issue also celebrates the magazine's 20th anniversary with a look at memorable stories.
In the news
Taxing Virtual Worlds
In one recent law review article, a quartet of professors from Iowa State University argue for a "cash-out" rule--virtual profits in virtual currency wouldn't be taxed when used "in world"; they would be taxed only if they were converted into profits in real currency and transferred out of the game. They would apply this "cash out" rule to all sorts of virtual games.
Jill Pruetz, ISU anthropologist, on PBS' Nova.
Almost Human
National Geographic
In 2007 Jill Pruetz, an anthropologist at Iowa State University, reported that a Fongoli female chimp named Tumbo was seen two years earlier, less than a mile from where we are right now, sharpening a branch with her teeth and wielding it like a spear. She used it to stab at a bush baby, a pocket-size, tree-dwelling nocturnal primate that springs from branch to branch like a grasshopper. Until that report, the regular making of tools for hunting and killing mammals had been considered uniquely human behavior.


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Women's 1999 striped funnelneck sweater in merino wool
size & fit
- Loose fit.
- Hits slightly below hip.
- Body length: 23 1/2" (front), 25 1/2" (back).
Product Details
Friends and customers have been asking us to bring back a few iconic styles from years past—and since we love a good throwback, we did. The funnelneck sweater was first designed in 1999, and we've given it a few modern tweaks—like a slightly longer silhouette and a cozy merino-wool blend—that are absolutely perfect for right now. Oh, and we only made a few, so get in there (then let those #tbt moments commence).
- Wool/nylon/cashmere.
- Long sleeves.
- Dry clean.
- Import.
- Item H1141.


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People We Love :: Hai Vo
Hai Vo, 22, is on a mission to educate young people about the value of "real" food: ecologically sound, community-based, and fair to both producers and consumers.
Motivated by his own shift toward a healthy lifestyle—and his subsequent weight loss—Vo in 2007 co-founded the University of California Irvine (UCI) chapter of the Real Food Challenge, a national youth movement to promote a just and sustainable food system. Vo organized a series of dinners, lectures, field trips, and discussions on campus, and spent months examining the origin and production processes of every food item in the UCI dining services.
A winner of a 2009 Brower Youth Award, Vo also worked with the UC Sustainable Food Services Working Group to establish a statewide sustainable food policy, which is committed to serving 20 percent real food throughout the UC system by 2020.
- : The Tohono O'odham Nation tackles diabetes with a return to desert foods.
- : Uniting students for just and sustainable food.


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UNIVERSITY PARK, Pa. – The UMBC men's cross country team, once again led by junior Brandan McGee (Hiram, Ohio/Crestwood), picked up a top-15 finish, Friday afternoon at the NCAA Mid-Atlantic Regional Championships hosted by Penn State. The men finished in 14th place with 357 pts. while the women's squad placed 26th at the Penn State Golf Courses.
After earning All-Conference accolades two weeks ago at the America East Championships, McGee once again put together a record-breaking day at Penn State, completing the 10K course in a personal-best 31:29.35 for 41st place, moving him up to third all-time in school history for that distance. The junior's run bested his previous top time of 31:54 set back during his freshman campaign of 2010.
Following McGee, junior Jake Albino (Hampton, N.Y./Minisink Valley) finished 33 seconds back (32:02.05), placing 60th overall and slotting himself fifth on the school list. Each of the other Retriever scorers, freshman Hassan Omar, junior Vinny DiSalvo(Washingtonville, N.Y./Washingtonville), and senior TJ Cowing (Severna Park, Md./Severna Park) also placed in the top-100 in a race of 170 competitors.
On the women's side sophomore Julie Gessler (Ellicott City, Md./Institute of Notre Dame) paced the Retrievers for the first time this season after scoring in five of the Retrievers' first six meets. Gessler placed 128th overall in a season-best 6K time of 23:18.65 with Sarah Daly (Lake Orion, Mich./Lake Orion) just ten seconds back in 134th. Freshman Nicole Dawson (Jessup, Md./Hammond), junior Kirsten McGovern (Sykesville, Md./Century), and freshman Angelina Oputa (Bowie, Md./Elizabeth Seton) rounded out the scoring for UMBC.
The Georgetown men won the regional for the eighth time in the last nine years while the hosts, Penn State, claimed the women's event.


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CINCINNATI (AP) - Coach Brian Kelly confirmed on Monday that he will meet with Notre Dame officials about their open job, leaving fourth-ranked Cincinnati with a lot of uncertainty heading into its first Sugar Bowl appearance.
Kelly met with his players on Monday afternoon, and confirmed his interest in the Notre Dame job on his Twitter feed.
"Just informed our team that Notre Dame has contacted me and I will listen to what they have to say," he tweeted.
The New York Times reported on Monday that Stanford coach Jim Harbaugh also is being interviewed for the job as Charlie Weis' successor. Harbaugh declined to talk about it, telling the newspaper, "Not now or not in the future will I talk about any other jobs or opportunities."
With the regular season finished, Notre Dame was lining up interviews with candidates this week. Florida's Urban Meyer and Oklahoma's Bob Stoops have tried to dampen speculation by saying they are staying at their schools.
Meyer's Gators will play Cincinnati (12-0) in the Sugar Bowl.
ESPN first reported that Kelly would interview with Notre Dame on Tuesday in New York, where the National Football Foundation & College Hall of Fame is having its annual awards dinner. Kelly didn't return a message left on his cell phone, but told Dan Patrick on his radio show that he expects to decide his future by Saturday.
Asked if he'd definitely coach the Bearcats in the Sugar Bowl, Kelly said, "No, there's no guarantees in anything that you do. I've never given a guarantee whether I was going to make it home at the end of the day."
Cincinnati athletic director Mike Thomas was in New York on Monday for Big East meetings. He said through a spokesman that the university is still negotiating with Kelly on an upgraded contract. Kelly got an improved deal at the end of last season, including a commitment by the university to build practice fields. Kelly hadn't posted anything on his Twitter account since last week, leading up to a 45-44 victory in Pittsburgh on Saturday that clinched Cincinnati's second straight Big East title.
His previous tweet said: "Pitt is tough enough to prepare for but it will be nice given the current weather that we will have an indoor bubble this time next year."
A message seeking comment was left for Notre Dame athletic director Jack Swarbrick on his cell phone. University spokesman Brian Hardin said Swarbrick was not available for comment.
(Copyright 2009 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)