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Breast Cancer?
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Herbal Medicine: History of Medicines: Golden Seal in Early American Medical Botany
Christopher Hobbs LAc, AHG
Although early American
settlers favored the mostly European medicines they knew and trusted, the native medicinal plants were quickly learned out of necessity. European preparations were often scarce and as can be imagined, conditions in the new world often precipitated an increased need for them. At least some of the more common European herbs brought over by the Colonists became naturalized and grew as weeds (1). From the beginning of the 17th century, when the Colonists first landed in Virginia, the native Indians were known to have a knowledge of the indigenous plants, and to utilize them for their curative properties (2,3,4). Some of these Indian remedies were learned and widely used by the settlers, and a few such as ginseng, tobacco and sassafras were exported (5), but introduction and acceptance into regular medical practice was slow.
A number of important species of native plants were used by the early settlers, but little of note was written about them in popular books, journals and pamphlets until the early 1790s. In fact, a careful review of the works listed in Austin (6) making mention of medicinal plants reveals that before 1800, only a few works enumerated a small number of species (7,8,9,10,11,12). A notable exception is Bartram's small work on the "Description, virtues and uses of sundry plants... (13)," wherein he mentions the medicinal uses of several important American herbs, among them
Few materia Medicas or works on medicinal substances were printed at all before 1800--compared with after that date--and the few that were usually went through several editions. Original works were especially lacking--though several important British works on herbs or medicinal plants were reprinted in America, most notably Culpepper's popular Herbal (14), Lewis' New Edinburgh Dispensatory (15) and Cullen's Materia Medica (16).
Major novel American sources for information on the medicinal uses of imported plant drugs included almanacs and German Krauterbuchs (17,18,19,20). A number of periodicals (21,22,23) offered lists of medicinal plants with their uses and availability. The most often described indigenous American herbs in these works were Virginia snake-root, Senega snake-root, sassafras, ginseng, Indian pink,
and a few others (24,25).
After 1800, an increasing number of works mention American plants (26,27).
One American herb, well-known to the native American Indians was the woodland plant, goldenseal (
Hydrastis canadensis
L.). Golden seal is today among the top-selling herbs in the American health food market, and was an official drug plant in the United States almost continuously from (1830-1955), but was initially slow in being accepted or written about. Bartram does not mention it, although it does rarely occur in Philiadelphia and other parts of Pennsylvania where he lived and botanized.
Goldenseal grows naturally from the north-east border of South Carolina to the lower half of New York and east to northern Arkansas and the south-east corner of Wisconsin. It is only abundant in Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia, Kentucky and part of Illinois (28). The plant is from the Ranunculaceae (the buttercup or crowfoot family), is a low-growing herbaceous perennial and has a bright yellow rhizome, due to the colored alkaloid, berberine.
Linnaeus published golden seal under the name "
" in the 1753 edition of Species Plantarum, for at the time he had seen only the leaves of the plant, which appear similar to members of the Hydrophyllaceae. He corrected his error in 1759 in
Systema Naturale
with the name
. Linnaeus kept Ellis' name, whom he gives as the authority for
; assuming the misconception that the plant grew in "bog meadows" (29).
Golden seal was a favorite medicine of a number of Indian tribes, and is mentioned in the later ethnobotanical literature for a number of uses. For instance, the Cherokee mixed the root powder with bear grease for use as an insect repellent and also favored it as a diuretic, stimulant, and as a wash for sore and inflammed eyes, while the "Catawbas boiled the root for jaundice, ulcerated stomach, colds and sore mouth. A piece of the green or dried root was chewed to relieve the stomach." (30). Hunter, who was raised by the Kickapoo Indians made other early comments on the use of the plant, generally agreeing with earlier reports but emphasizing its use as an important remedy as a cold watery infusion for eyes irritated by autumn prarie smoke, a common occurence (31).
Because of its bright yellow color, it is not surpising that golden seal was also an important dye plant, for which it is mentioned by Martin as early as 1782 (Lloyd, p. 86).
It was not until Barton, Professor of Materia Medica at the University of Pennsylvania and ardent supporter of the use of American medicinal plants in medical practice, that the medical uses of golden seal were mentioned (Barton). He wrote in the first part of his "
Collections .... towards a Materia Medica
" that the 'Cherake' use it to cure cancer. In the 2nd part of the work (1804) he says "
The root of the plant is a very powerful bitter
." He adds that the plant is "a popular remedy in some parts of the United States," and that "an infusion of the root in cold water is also employed as a wash in inflammations of the eyes." Sore eyes and mouth were undoubtedly the most common early uses of
. These uses are recorded not only by Barton, but in the handwriting of Captain Lewis in 1804, during his expedition with Clark to the Pacific coast. The plant was collected by Lewis and the notes on the original herbarium sheet give a detailed description of its preparation as "
a sovereign remedy for sore eyes..and excellent mouth water
." To make a preparation for eye infections, the rhizome was infused in cold or hot water.
Other early 19th century reports of its use are summarized in table 1.
Table 1
Late 18th and early 19th century uses of Hydrastis
Author Year Uses Ref.
Barton (1791) rattlesnake bite 32
Barton (1798-1804) Cancer, dye plant 33 bitter tonic, eyes
Coxe (1814) (quotes Barton 34 verbatum)
Rafinesque (1828) used when fresh, 35 sore legs, disord. stomach, liver; ext. as wash, dropsy, escarotic
U.S. Pharmacopeia (1830) tonic, detergent 36
(2nd NY ed.)
Smith (1830) laxative, dys- 37 pepsia, juice for eyes
Howard (1832) loss of appetite, 38 fevers
Beach (1832) laxative, dyseptic 39 disorders, tonic
U.S. (1834) old ulcers of the 40
Dispensatory legs, juice of root clothing dye
Thompson (1835) indigestion, bile 41 corrector
Golden seal was official in the form of the whole root and the alcoholic or the glycerin extract (42) in the U.S.P. from 1830, 1860-1926; and in the National Formulary (1888, 1936-1955). The alkaloid Hydrastine was official in USP 1900-IX. In 1982 it was still official in Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, France, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Roumania and Spain (43).
After 1840, golden seal is mentioned in many materia medicas and journal articles (see Lloyd for a complete listing), but it was not until 1852 that King's more detailed account of its clinical uses stimulated the interest of the Eclectic medical doctors, an interest that would continue until the 1930s, when this school of largely botanical medicine-oriented doctors rapidly declined with the rise of allopathy (44). Because of the enthusiastic adoption of golden seal by the Eclectics, it became known as an Eclectic remedy, but eventually crossed over into use by the Allopaths as well, as seen by its inclusion into official medicine in the U.S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary. King was more critical than previous authors, and omited some of what he considered to be overblown claims for the plant (45). A complete list of conditions (and they are numerous) claimed to be helped by golden seal can be found in the National Dispensatory (1886) (46).
It can be argued that in the Eclectics, many of the American medicinal plants that we use today got their first critial evaluation. Several eclectic works have been reprinted and are valuable sources of clinical data on these plants (47,48). Although not up to today's laboratory standards, these works were several steps beyond the (mostly) purely empircal accounts of American plants that came before. Several of the doctors used herbal remedies for over 50 years (King, Scudder, Felter). King emphasized its use in cases of gonorrhea, spermatorrhea, cystitis and other inflammation of the mucous membranes in urinary tract infections.
Other Eclectic doctors and regular doctors recommended golden seal for chronic constipation, general debility and as a restorative for internal organs damaged by alcoholism (49,50).
The Drug companies
In the late 19th century and early 20th century, many pharmaceutical companies manufactured golden seal products.
Squibb sold the root as a hemostatic, astringent, cholagogue and antihydrotic in whole or powdered form, offering pure hydrastine as well (51). Park-Davis sold Tincture Hydrastis, Fluid Extract Hydrastis, Solid Extract Hydrastis, as well as a number of compound formulas in pill or tablet form containing Hydrastis (52). Lilly offered an extract standardized to 9 to 11 percent of ether-soluble alkaloids (53) and Thayer the tincture, wine and fluid extract of golden seal (54).
The Homeopaths adopted the remedy for catarrh, and poor digestion and it was still official in 1979 (HPUS 8) (55).
After the Eclectics, golden seal was still sold and used in medical practice until 1960, when it ceased to be official, though modern American herbalists recomended it in the 1930's (56), the 1970's (57) and still do today (58).
In the late 1980s, golden seal has developed a reputation as a means to clear the blood of drug residues, enabling one to pass tests to detect such substances. This use has been shown to be without basis in fact (59).
Despite this, modern science has, at least in part, supported some of the medical claims of golden seal in showing that it has anti-bacterial, choleretic and anti-convulsive activity (60).
Formerly published in
Pharmacy in History
1. Green, S.A. 1881. "A Centennial address delivered before the Massachusetts Medical Society. at Cambridge." History of Medicine in Massachusetts. Boston: A. Williams and Co. 2. Vogel, V.J. 1970. American Indian Medicine. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. 3. Marti-Ibanex, F., ed. 1958. History of American Medicine. New York: MD Publications, Inc. 4. Bowers, J.Z. and E.F. Purcell, eds. 1977. Advances in American Medicine: Essays at the Bicentennial. New York: Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation. 5. Blanton, W.B. 1972. Medicine in Virginia in the seventeenth century. New York: Arno Press and the New York Times. 6. Austin. 7. Elliott, J. 1784. The Medical Pocket-book, 1st ed. Philadelphia: Robert Bell. 8. Elliott, J. 1791. The Medical Pocket-book, 2nd ed. Boston: David West. 9. Tennent, J. 1734. Every man his own doctor: or, the poor planter's physician, 2nd ed. Williamsburg and Annapolis: William Parks. 10. Wesley, J. 1764. Primitive physick: or, An easy and natural method of curing most diseases, 12th ed. Philadelphia: Andrew Steuart. 11. Tweedy, J. 1760. A catalogue of druggs [sic] and of chymical and Galenical medicines... Newport?: James Franklin? 12. Lewis, W. 1796. The Edinburgh new dispensatory, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Thomas Dobson. 13. Bartram, J. 1751. Description, virtues and uses of sundry plants of these northern parts of America, and particularly of the newly discovered Indian cure for the venereal disease. Philadelphia: B. Franklin and D. Hall. 14. Cullpepper, N. 1720. Pharmacopeia Londinensis. Boston: John Allen. 15. Lewis, W. 1791. The Edinburgh new dispensatory. Philadelphia: T. Dobson. 16. Cullen, W. 1775. Lectures on the materia medica. Philadelphia: Robert Bell. 17. Tobler, J. 1754. The Pennsylvania Town and Country-man's Almanack, for the Year of our Lord 1755. Germantown: C. Sower, jun. 18. Saur, C. 1762. Der Hoch-Deutsche Americanische Calender, auf das Jahr ....1763. Germantown: Christoph Saur. 19. Freeman, F. 1767. Freeman's New-York Almanack, for the Year of our Lord 1768. New York: John Holt. [Guerra 334]. 20. Miller, H. 1770. Philadelphischer Calender auf das Jahr 1771. Philadelphia: Henrich Miller. [Guerra 351]. 21. The Boston Gazette, or Country Journal. 1755-1798. Boston: Benjamin Edes and John Gill. [Guerra 452]. 22. The New-York Gazette; and the Weekly Mercury. 1768-1783. New York: Hugh Gaine. [Guerra 562]. 23. The Pennsylvania Gazette. 1729-1778. Philadelphia: B. Franklin and H. Meredith. [Guerra 602]. 24. Elliot, J. 1791. Medical Pocket Book, 3rd ed. Philadelphia. 25. Short, T. 1751. Medicina Britanica. Philadelphia: Ben Franklin. 26. Austin, R.B. 1961. American Medical Imprints. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Health, Educationa and Welfare. 27. Guerra, F. 1962. American Medical Bibliography: 1639-1783. New York: Lathrop and Harper. 28. Fernald, . 1950. Gray's Flora (xx). New York: Van Nostrand. 29. Lloyd, J.U. and C.G. Lloyd. 1884-7. Drugs and Medicines of North America. Cincinnati: Lloyd Bros. 30. Vogel, op. cit. 31. Hunter, J.D. 1824. Memoirs of a captivity among the indians of North America. Reprinted by New York: Schocken Books. 32. Barton, B.S. 1793. Amer. Phil. Soc., o.s. 3: 100-115. 33. Barton, B.S. 1798-1804. Collections for An Essay Towards a Materia Medica of the United States. Philadelphia: A. & G. Way. (Lloyd Bul. Reproduction Series #1). 34. Coxe, J.R. 1814. American Dispensatory, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Thomas Dobson. 35. Rafinesque, C.S. 1828. Medical Flora. Philadelphia: Atkinson & Alexander. 36. Pharmacopeia of the United States. 1830. New York: S. Converse. 37. Smith, E. 1830. Botanic Physician. New York: Murphey and Bingham. 38. Howard, H. 1873. Howard's Domestic Medicine. Philadelphia: Quaker City Pub. House. 39. Beach, W. 1832. The American Practice of Medicine, 3 vols. New York: Bettes & Anstice. 40. Wood, G.B. and Bache, F. 1834. Philadelphia: Grigg and Elliot. 41. Thompson, S. 1835. New Guide to Health or Botanic Family Physician. Boston: J.Q. Adams. 42. Gathercoal, E.N. 1942. Checklist of Native and Introduced Drug Plants in the U.S. Chicago: National Research Council. 43. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 28th ed. J.F. Reynolds, editor. London: Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (xx). 44. Coulter, H. 1973. Divided Legacy, 3 vols. Richmond: North Atlantic Books. 45. King, J. 1866. American Dispensatory, 7th ed. Cincinnati: Moore, Wilstach and Baldwin. 46. Stille, A. and J.M. Maisch. 1886. The National Dispensatory. Philadelphia: Lea Bros. and Co. 47. Felter, H. and J.U. Lloyd. 1898. Kings's American Dispensatory. Portland: Reprinted by Eclectic Medical Publications (1983). 48. Ellingwood, F. 1898. American Materia Medica, Therapuetics and Pharmacognosy. Reprinted by Portland: Eclectic Medical Publications. 49. Ellingwood, op. cit. 50. Felter & Lloyd, op. cit. 51. Squibb. 1906. Squibb's Materia Medica. New York: E.R. Squibb and Sons. 52. Park-Davis. 1890. Organic Materia Medica, 2nd ed. Detroit: Parke-Davis. 53. Lilly and Co. 1925. Handbook of Pharmacy and Therapuetics, 7th rev. Indianapolis: Eli Lily and Co. 54. Thayer. 1877. Descriptive catalogue of fluid and solid extracts. Cambridge: John Ford and Sons. 55. Pharmacopeia Convention. 1979. Homeopathic Pharmacopeia of the U.S. Falls Church: American Institute of Homeopathy. 56. Kloss, J. 1939. Back to Eden. Reprinted, Santa Barbara: Woodbridge Press (1975). 57. Christopher, J.R. 1976. School of Natural Healing. Springville: Christopher Publications. 58. Tierra, M. 1980. The Way of Herbs. Santa Cruz: Unity Press. 59. Foster, S. 1989. "xx". Herbalgram. 60. Leung, A.Y. 1980. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients. New York: J. Wiley and Sons.
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Christopher Hobbs is a fourth generation herbalist and botanist with over 30 years experience with herbs. Founder of Native Herb Custom Extracts (now Rainbow Light Custom Extracts) and the Institute for Natural Products...
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Court overturns decision to release murder-accused on bail
A COURT decision to release on bail the man accused of killing five members of one family has been overturned.
Robert Xie allegedly bashed and strangled his brother-in-law Norman Lin and four others, including two children in their Sydney home three years ago.
After being committed to stand trial over the murders last week, a Sydney judge said he would allow Mr Xie to be released on bail on the condition he wore an electronic monitoring bracelet and offered a $900,000 surety.
His reasoning was that Xie would be the "most watched man in Australia".
But a last-minute ruling in Sydney's Supreme Court on Monday ensured Mr Xie would spend Christmas behind bars.
Justice Stephen Rothman said that while the whole case against Mr Xie was "not strong", some elements were "extremely strong".
A date for the trial has not been set.

subset: commoncrawl


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According to Middle East expert Udo Steinbach, Islamic societies are locked in a clash between modernisers and backwards-looking ideologues. Western policy should animate Islamic elites to develop a concept of secularity suitable for the modern Islamic context. Mohammed Khallouk talked to Udo Steinbach
Ever since 9/11, "Islamic fundamentalism" and radical Islamism have loomed large in the global media. Is this a case of conjuring up an artificial danger or does it reflect a genuine threat to our civilisation?
Udo Steinbach: I'd like to start by stating that there is a threat. So we're not talking about an artificial danger, but about an actual threat, as we saw here in Europe in Spain in 2004, in England in 2005, and also here in Germany – although it's not yet acute here. The same goes for the Islamic world, whether we look at Morocco or Algeria, Palestine, Iraq to Indonesia. There are almost daily attacks there too, motivated or justified on the basis of Islam.
How would you characterise this conflict?
Steinbach: It's an ideological conflict, a specifically political, violent conflict between parties with differing concepts of society. On one side we have evolved and implemented the western democratic model, in the broadest sense, here in Europe. There are diverse approaches to implementing this model in the Islamic world as well – not imitating the system but installing democratic processes.
The violent radicals are against this form of a western-influenced modern society, saying we have to go back to an "Islamic order". Islamic law has to be 100% reinstated; the only real legitimate society is an "Islamic" one.
Some critics say the policies of the western states, particularly the USA, do little to combat this Islamism and its position against a free constitutional order. Others even think the policy strengthens resentments against the West in the Islamic world. Where do you stand on this point?
Steinbach: Again, I think we have to make distinctions here. We shouldn't place the blame
for these enemies of freedom solely at the door of western policy. The mistakes made by the West are not the only cause; in fact, radical Islamism is primarily directed against the insufficiencies of the systems in the Arab region and the entire Islamic world. On the other hand, western policy has repeatedly been wind in the sails of those fighting against the West.
More specifically?
Steinbach: We see it every day: I believe we can actually almost statistically measure how the American invasion of Iraq in 2002 has lead to an escalation – an escalation of violence that we've never seen the like of – in the entire region from Morocco to Indonesia. And western policy on Palestine is another daily source of justifications, so to speak, for radical forces.
At the moment, we're experiencing increasingly aggressive rhetoric against Iran because of its nuclear programme. And I think what we're doing wrong, what western policy is doing wrong, is that we're not looking for a political balance with the forces in the entire Islamic world that are themselves affected by the aggression of these Islamist forces in the same way as the West.
The only way we're combating the radicals is via security policy and the military. What we're not attempting enough is a) finding a political solution to the conflicts, and b) making allies of those forces in the Islamic world – and that's the majority – that are affected by this clash of civilisations in the same way as we are.
What political standpoint should the public sphere in the Islamic states take on religion, both to maintain the identity of civil society and to adopt the values of the European Enlightenment in everyday life?
Steinbach: First of all, we have to note that religion plays a hugely important role in the entire Islamic world. Any attempt to push Islam out of the public sphere is condemned to failure.
Having said that, I do believe that even the Islamic world needs a debate – albeit under Islamic terms – on what specific role religion can play in public life, in society, in politics; in other words, there has to be a debate on secularisation.
Among most Muslim intellectuals, theologians and legal scholars, the word "secularisation" is still a taboo. Secularisation is identified with "La Dinya" – not having a religion. And that is a false approach. It's not a question of pushing religion fully out of the public sphere – as has been attempted in Europe with a great deal of success – but of finding a link between religion and society that doesn't suppress the pluralism that has certainly developed in Islamic countries. Secularisation has to be discussed openly, and there are still many enlightened Muslim thinkers who are against this open debate.
The second thing is that of course there has to be a debate on modernising Islam – a radical debate. This debate is taking place at different levels of intensity. There are countries where the discussion on adapting Islam to modern social structures has come a very long way: I'm thinking of Turkey, for example, where considerable progress has been made over the past few decades. Bizarrely, this is also true of Iran, where philosophers and legal scholars are discussing how to link religion and pluralism. The situation is very varied in the Arab region.
So we have to ask the question: how can we renew religion to make it compatible with the real pluralism that exists in the Islamic societies? And this discussion is not only not taking place; in fact the powers-that-be, the leaders of the states themselves, have no interest in such a discussion because they would then run the risk of losing their power.
What can the West do to help sway this inner-Islamic conflict in favour of the pro-renewal forces?
Steinbach: The West should not restrict itself to combating violent Islamists by military means; it should animate the Islamic elites to find an acceptable secularism in the Islamic context. At the same time, we have to reach a modern interpretation of Islam, which provides an appropriate parameter for pluralism and modernisation of society.
Interview: Mohammed Khallouk
© Qantara.de 2008
Udo Steinbach is one of the world's leading experts on the Near and Middle East. Following posts at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs and Deutsche Welle, he was the Director of the German Orient Institute in Hamburg from 1976-2006. He currently teaches at the Centre for Near and Middle East Studies at the Philipps University Marburg.
Translated from the German by Katy Derbyshire
Youssef Courbage, Emmanuel Todd
Predicting a "de-Islamicised Muslim World"
Alphabetisation and a decline in the birth-rate. Courbage and Todd believe these two factors will lead the Islamic world into modernity – and away from religion. With their analyses the two French demographers add a new dimension to the ongoing debate over the clash of civilisations. Maik Meuser reports
Conference of the World Religions in Madrid
Appeal against Terrorism and Violence
On the weekend a three-day dialogue with an appeal against terrorism and violence. The conference was organized by the "Muslim World League" on behalf of the Saudi king Abdullah. Peter Philipp reports
Interview with Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari (Part 1)
"Islam Is a Religion, Not a Political Agenda"
Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari is one of the world's most important contemporary Shia clerics. In the first part of this lengthy interview with Fatma Sagir, the Iranian philosopher and theologian speaks about the complex relationship between state and religion, and about the effects of coercion and regulation in matters relating to faith


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Learning about electricity should begun from the most basic knowledge. I think it will be a long trip.
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Pedestrian dies after being hit by vehicle in Bay View
Pedestrian dies after being hit by vehicle in Bay View
Milwaukee police are investigating after a pedestrian was hit by a vehicle in Bay View on Wednesday night.
According to the medical examiner's report, 91-year-old Howard Roepke was struck around 5 p.m. Wednesday near Oklahoma and Logan avenues.
The report said Roepke had gotten off a bus and was trying to cross the street to get to Unity Lutheran Church for a free meal served to seniors. He was not in a crosswalk.
Roepke was taken to a Froedtert Hospital where he later died, according to the Milwaukee County Medical Examiner's office.
Police said the driver stopped at the scene after the crash and was not arrested.
Investigators said it does not appear that alcohol, drugs or speed were factors in the crash.


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Skip to comments.Rep. Mo Brooks' "Surefire" Jobs Plan for America: "Evict All Illegal Aliens"
Posted on 09/14/2011 8:32:58 AM PDT by montag813
by John Hill
Stand With Arizona
"Stimulus". "Deficits". "Taxes". "Green jobs". "Infrustructure". "Revenues".
As Washington twists itself into a pretzel with convoluted plots and plans to "create jobs", as usual they miss the forest for the trees. As we have always pointed out, the most obvious solution to many of our financial woes is a simple one: deal with illegal immigration. And with jobs it is no exception. For every illegal with a job there is an American without one.
Rep. Mo Brooks (R-AL) gets it. He has a "surefire" plan to create jobs in America. And unlike Obama, he doesn't need 40 minutes to explain it.
Let's try 65 seconds:
No, although I've voted for him three times and probably will if he runs for President. But most of my adult votes have been against somebody else. Only a handful of times has there been a candidate that I would have voted for regardless.
"nice try. oranges arent hand picked."
Good catch - I happened to be eating an orange while I was typing. Nonetheless, come down here and I can show you huge fields of tomatoes being picked by wets. (Opps, sorry, showing my age again "illegals")
"No, although I've voted for him three times and probably will if he runs for President."
Yar, yer a real piece o' work matey.
"Rep. Mo Brooks' "Surefire" Jobs Plan for America: "Evict All Illegal Aliens""
Someone who gets it.
If Ricardo Perrinista understood this, he could clear the field.
Please go back and read what I wrote a little more carefully. This was a program to hire the "hardcore unemployed". This is code for people (mainly women) that come from three or more generations that have existed on welfare, that have kids as a profit center, and are totally uncontrolled.
My wife would come home totally frustrated. She'd say things like, "I spent two hours trying to teach them to use the price gun, yet they set around in the break room discussing exactly how much they got if they lived in this much government housing, how much got deducted if they took this kind of benefit versus another kind, and how much they got if they had another kid. They were doing the math in their heads so fast I couldn't keep up." I told her, "of course they can do that, that's the family business."
And it is. And they will continue to consume about 500 billion a year and it grows yearly. And it won't stop, and for some reason, apparently no politician really wants to take it on. And I'm sorry, but I really believe it is a bigger problem than the illegals.
Consider that those wages arent JUSTIFIED by the presence of illegals, theyre CAUSED by the presence of illegals.
Yes this commenter is correct. Competition is what makes Capitalism work, and cheating capitalism is what makes it fail. The illegals come here and get money under the table. They don't pay the taxes that Americans pay for the same work so they are effectively paid twice as much. There are many poor people that will work all day for $10.00 an hour. That will increase the price of vegetables a little but it will also dramatically reduce the burden on society and increase the taxes flowing into the government.
It is time, no way past time to send the illegals home!
A lot more Americans would be willing to work at those "jobs Americans don't want" if they didn't get food stamp benefits that they sell for half price or less to raise cash for drugs.
There is a whole industry of dealing in "food stamps" at fifty percent or more discount. Of course in this state at least it is now a card to swipe rather than stamps.
I have actually picked beans, corn, peas, watermelons, cantaloupes etc. so I am very much aware that a doubling of wages for those who still pick by hand would have an almost undetectable effect on the price in the grocery store. Those who claim that paying ten dollars an hour to pickers would double the price of food are simply spouting nonsense. Mechanical harvesting is the future anyway and whether the operator makes five dollars an hour or fifty dollars will have little effect on grocery prices.
Professional welfare moms are a small percentage of total unemployed/underemployed americans. Yes they are an increasing problem. Obviously they are increasing due to their own reproduction.
That is a fixable problem also and it has nothing to do with illegals. It just takes someone with big enough cajones to cut the sows off from the government teat. A simple law that states any woman on assistance that gets pregnant again after X number of kids(I like the number "one") can either take a cut in benefits per child or give up the child...would fix the problem real fast.
I agree with that completely. My only comment to start all of this remains, why is one problem discussed incessantly, and the other one silent? And it is not just illegal immigration. Part of the way we "ended welfare" in 1996 was by hiding billions of dollars in welfare payments in Social Security and Medicare (since when did refusing to work become a "disability"?). Yet in all the discussions about social security going broke, not a mention is ever made about getting the welfare parasites out of it. It's almost like welfare has become the third rail, and no one will touch it. And if you'll check out the Heritage Foundation website, you will find that welfare is a MUCH bigger part of the financial problem than most realize.
If you are going to throw out a statement that has been refuted by study after study, for instance the one reference in this story: http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/07/02/immigration-costs-fair-amnesty-educations-costs-reform/ , you better back it up. Otherwise, everyone will just assume the rest of the items in your post have as much thought and basis in fact as the load of crap in this statement.
"Back in the mid 80s I did plenty of rock picking and hay baling."
I did the same in the 70's. In fact it was one hot day in July, stacking hay in a barn, when I came to the realization that I really wanted to go to college.
Can't provide "proof" other than 60+ years of living in wetback land, and to say I don't believe any of the studies mentioned are close to correct. The problem is, the studies are always based on the obvious and visible targets. They never get to the total effect.
I'm not about to get sued, but you would be surprised how many large companies here, and probably everywhere else benefit from illegals. They have all sorts of ways to camouflage it, but it still happens. A few of them even go so far as to brag how they only deal with companies that check the "record of all their employees." That just means that the company they are contracting with in turn subcontracts to another company that has all the wets. How much of that shows up in the price to the consumer and how much of it just helps the bottom line of the company I wouldn't know. But it is everywhere.
The 800 pound gorilla is that illegals = cheap labor subsidized by tax payers while suppressing salaries. Then there are those illegals who just plain plop themselves on the dole.
Illegal aliens, anchor babies, brand new immigrants, and their extended families cost working tax payers hundreds of billions of dollars.
To the dems they = voters; to the repubs they = cheap exploitable labor.
A local farm has pick your own produce, they have created quite a business. A hay ride to the area and a teenager guides the correct way to choose and pick the vegetables. This farm has found a way to maximize profits without hiring illegals. Parking is only $1.00 and it makes up for the field not being planted that year. An email notifies us when certain things corn, raspberries, strawberries are ripe for picking.
I was the skinny kid who was last out of the barn at baling time.
"Illegal aliens, anchor babies, brand new immigrants, and their extended families cost working tax payers hundreds of billions of dollars."
Correct, correct, correct.
But if you'd like to know where approximately a TRILLION dollars of our money is going this year, look at the report this link leads you to. If you don't want to read the entire report, just turn to page 20 - and ask yourself - with all the discussions about illegals, and social security going broke, why is nothing said about this?
Actually we go to a little farmers market every Saturday morning. The "farmers" are mainly retired folks doing it as much as a hobby as a business. We've been to one of their "farms" (a massive five acre spread).
The food at the market tends to cost about twice as much as at the grocery store, but my wife and I can afford it and we like meeting and talking to the people that actually grew what you are about to put in your mouth. I'd love to grow some of my own food, but in anticipation of retirement we sold our larger place and now live in a house on a postage stamp sized lot.
boy he got that right
but here in Nashville, most constructions projects would stop..lol..the new Convention center here would be a ghost town
at least for a while and the cost likely go up
I could deal with it...less democrats on their rolls if you expel illegals...a lot less
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Top Reasons to Visit Great Wolf Lodge Niagara Falls
- This Groupon includes passes to the hotel's massive indoor water park, which features plenty of rides and attractions.
- Kids will get a kick out of MagiQuest, a fantasy-based adventure game where you can battle goblins, befriend pixies, and defeat dragons.
- There are seven restaurants and cafés onsite for quick and easy meals—and enough coffee to help you keep up with the little ones.
- Spacious, comfortable suites provide plenty of room for the whole family.
- Wacky Wilderness Mini Golf provides 18 holes of animated surprises and interactive entertainment.
- The fun continues at Northern Lights Arcade, which is packed with video games and games of skill.
Niagara Falls, Ontario: Panoramic Views of the Falls near Vegas-Style Casinos and Water Parks
At Niagara Falls—considered by many to be one of the world's seven natural wonders—water thunders downward from a height of nearly 200 feet, crashing onto craggy boulders below. The falls straddle the border between Canada and the United States, with segments located in both New York and Ontario, but the Canadian side of the Niagara River is universally hailed as the finest vantage point to take in all three of Niagara Falls' photogenic brinks: American, Bridal Veil, and Horseshoe Falls.
The iconic Maid of the Mist has ferried raincoat-clad passengers around the base of the falls since 1846. The tours run from April through October, depending on the river's ice conditions. Year-round, Journey Behind the Falls grants a glimpse behind the curtain of Horseshoe Falls—board an elevator that descends 150 feet into the bedrock, then stand at an observation deck steps away from the cascading water.
A 10-minute walk from the falls, you'll see the neon glow of the Clifton Hill neighborhood. Its Fallsview Boulevard has plenty of Vegas-style kitsch, including glitzy casinos, indoor water parks, restaurants, and soggy Elvis impersonators.


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San Diego's Airport Won't Allow 'Stinky' Cab Drivers
Cab drivers in San Diego are upset that they're being subject to body odor tests as one of the criteria that they have to pass in order to work from San Diego's Lindbergh Field. They're saying the rule is prejudicial and discriminatory. What do you think? Should a city hold cabbies to a standard of hygiene?


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Don Butler, a University of Arizona graduate with an extensive background in agriculture in both Arizona and California, is the new director of the Arizona Department of Agriculture.
Butler replaces Shelton Jones, now a lobbyist for the Arizona Agribusiness Council.
He was appointed to his post by Gov. Janet Napolitano after a committee of state agriculturists selected him from a list of candidates.
Since 1992, Butler has been chairman of Agrolink Corp. in Tucson. It is a company formed to promote international agribusiness, provide financial advice and services on transactions between Mexico and the U.S. under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
Prior to that he was chairman and president of Shasta Foods in Los Angeles, an international beef production company owned by a Japanese company. Shasta had ownership in a cow-calf operation in Cottonwood, Calif., and Monterey County Cattle Feeders in Gonzales, Calif.
He also served as president of Coronado Cattle Co., a management company for investors in 22 commercial feedyards in nine states.
Butler has a background in banking as well with two Arizona banks and served on the advisory council for small business and agriculture with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
He majored in animal husbandry at UA where he also was student body president.
He assumed his new post July 21.
e-mail: [email protected]


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Detectives are investigating a reported robbery of the Family Dollar Store locatedat 4010 Magnolia St. in Beaumont's north end.
The robbery occurred Thursday, Nov. 29, at about 9 p.m. An employee reported that a man approached the cash register to pay for an item. The clerk rang up the transaction and the man handed her some money. When the cash register opened, the man pulled out a large knife and reached into the till to grab the money. The clerk attempted to close the register and the man made a slashing motion toward her but did not cut her. The clerk stepped back and the man was able to grab cash from the register. He then left the store and walked away heading north.
The clerk described the robber as a black male with a dark complexion, about 5-feet-8, weighing about 155 pounds. He was wearing a black hoodie and blue jeans with gray pockets and had a scraggly beard.
Detectives interviewed witnesses and the Beaumont Police Department Crime Scene Unit collected physical and forensic evidence from the scene. When police identify the actor, he will face a first-degree felony charge of aggravated robbery.
[1] http://theexaminer.com/users/joshua-cobb
[2] http://theexaminer.com/sites/default/files/BPDbadge_1.jpg
[3] http://theexaminer.com/stories/news


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Could a lack of vitamin D also play a role in "winter depression?" Vitamin D is a steroid synthesized in the skin by conversion from 7-dehydrocholesterol in response to ultraviolet B radiation and subsequently undergoes hydroxylations in liver and kidney to become the active hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.
Researchers from the Department of Psychology, The University of Newcastle in Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia, gave forty-four healthy subjects 400 units, 800 units, or no vitamin D3 for five days during late winter in a randomized, double-blind study. Results on a self-report measure showed that vitamin D3 significantly enhanced positive affect and there was some evidence of a reduction in negative affect.
Even though this was a very short-term study, adding 400 units to vitamin D to the regimen of someone who suffers with SAD appears to be a good idea. Could everyone benefit to some degree from additional D3 in the winter? Perhaps, but this is difficult to say for certain at this time.
Lansdowne L, Provost S. Vitamin D3 enhances mood in healthy subjects during winter. Psychopharmacology 135:319-323, 1998.


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Did you know that Operation Game Thief was begun 35 years ago in New Mexico, modeled after a tip system used by the Albuquerque Police Department?
From that start, states agencies across the country began their own telephone tip hotlines to help law enforcement personnel catch wildlife violators. Some offer rewards, other just the satisfaction of the caller for helping possibly nab a criminal.
Check out this background on Operation Game Thief and how the New Mexico officials figured out they needed to get a program in gear to alert the public to be on the lookout.


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Note: Deer & Deer Hunting Editor Dan Schmidt has just returned from a weeklong hunt near Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. This is the third installment of a five-part blog series on his adventure. Check back each day this week for updates.
When you're hunting a big-woods environment, this is how it happens. Hour after mind-numbing hour ticks by as you stare into a sea of nothingness. Then, out of nowhere, a deer is standing there in front of you.
That's exactly how it happened on this trip. Thankfully, it only took two hours for me to see my first deer. And, oh my goodness, was he a giant. Not in the rack … in the body.
With my air-activated hand-warmers working overtime, I sat encased in my Heater Body Suit, fending off what was going to be a bone-chilling day in Saskatchewan. There was no place to look, really, other than straight forward. I couldn't see but 40 yards, maybe, to the left or right of my blind. I think it was probably 9 a.m. (I was too cold to fish my cellphone out of my coat pocket) when I noticed a flicker of brown. And then … there he was.
You can't really see it in this photo, but this buck was huge, trust me. The moment my Konus binoculars focused on the deer, I knew he was the biggest-bodied whitetail I had ever seen in the wild. His neck was swollen and his hindquarters were thick and long. His chest cavity seemed as big as an oil drum. He was "only" an 8-pointer. His rack was dark and wider than his ears, but his tines were short. It would be stretch to say that his rack gross-scored more than a 120 Boone and Crockett inches. I would have done backflips to get a chance at a buck like this at home or almost anywhere else. But here in Saskatchewan, he was a buck that needed to be passed.
The day wore on with several more similar encounters. Two more 8-pointers appeared just before I retrieved my frozen ham sandwich out of my daypack at noon. Then, at 3:30 p.m., a big-bodied 6-pointer made a visit to the alfalfa bale. When darkness finally settled across the woods, I had passed up eight different bucks. Not a bad day, I'd say.
Back at camp, we all gathered in outfitter Mo Heisler's heated machine shop to admire the first buck brought into camp for the week. It was a dandy 10-pointer, probably 140 inches, with a body almost identical to the 8-pointer I had watched that morning. Imagine our gasps when we learned how that 10-pointer broke the meat scale after topping out at 300 pounds even (on the hoof). I guess there is a lot of truth to Bergmann's Rule.
After hearing the happy hunter's story told and retold, we all headed back to the camphouse for a hearty, hot dinner of roast venison, mashed potatoes, buttered rolls and homemade apple sauce.
The combination of the meal and an 11-hour sit in a cold ground blind made for a whole camp full of tired hunters.
TOMORROW: Part 4: "How Dark-to-Dark Deer Hunts Test Your Mettle"
Earlier posts from this series:
Part 1: Big Bucks North of the Border
Part 2: Welcome to the Whitetail Jungle


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FARMINGTON, Maine (AP) — Libraries across Maine are collecting donations to help rebuild the library destroyed when a runaway train exploded in Canada earlier this summer.
Farmington Public Library Director Melanie Coombs launched the effort because the Maine community is the sister city of Lac-Megantic (lak may-gahn-TEEK'), Quebec. The July 6 explosion and fire killed 47 people.
Coombs tells the Sun Journal (http://bit.ly/19UbQDA ) the Canadian community's library lost its entire collection of 60,000 books, except for the few that customers had borrowed. It also lost irreplaceable records and photos documenting the town's history.
Coombs reached out to libraries across Maine, including at schools and colleges, and they agreed to put donation cans at their circulation desks. The cans, which say "Libraries are the heart of the community," will accept donations through mid-September.
Information from: Sun-Journal, http://www.sunjournal.com


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Ian Somerhalder: August Man Attractive
Ian Somerhalder rocks a Dolce & Gabbana shirt and Pudel skinny jeans in the November 2009 issue of August Man.
Here's what the sexy 30-year-old Vampire Diaries star had to share with readers…
On his ideal role: "The one I'm doing right now, actually."
On his transition from acting to modeling: "Fashion was a ton when I was young but, not being particularly as tall as one would need to be as a model (however I did fairly well) and not particularly seeing myself doing it for any length of time beyond it being a stepping stone into film and TV. The goal was: make money as a model and sink into acting training."
On keeping his private life private: "It's all very simple, actually. I've been left alone for the most part really. It doesn't seem that what I do off the set is of importance to anyone!"


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You could hear the annoyance in the voice of Lehman Township Board of Supervisors Chairman John Sivick when he learned that the let date for bidding for contracts for the third and final phase of the Milford Road/State Route 2001 widening would be extended to Aug. 15 by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. It originally was planned to start on June 20.
You could hear the annoyance in the voice of Lehman Township Board of Supervisors Chairman John Sivick when he learned that the let date for bidding for contracts for the third and final phase of the Milford Road/State Route 2001 widening would be extended to Aug. 15 by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. It originally was planned to start on June 20.
A PennDOT spokesman said that the work would begin six weeks after the posting for bids, which generally has been the timetable in the past.
"Hogwash," said Sivick. "People aren't doing their job."
Other project went well
He has reasons to feel that way. The Phase II project from the Bushkill Falls Road/Route 209 intersect on north to the Milford Road/Little Egypt intersect, completed last fall, also staggered to a start but moved along well after the monthly meetings hosted by Sivick and Lehman township officials at the municipal building got people together and organized and pushed them to move forward. Those meetings got the National Park Service, utility and cable companies and PennDOT together for progress reports and to iron out any confusion or conflicts.
It seemed to work well. The timing involved with moving poles jointly used by multiple companies was part of the difficulty in the late stages leading up to previous Phase II, and Sivick had said face-to-face meetings resolve a lot of problems. The project moved along and was completed within a reasonable time frame of the original projections.
Meetings for the third and final phase were held early on, and things seemed to be progressing well.
"Unless some unforeseen issue comes up at the last minute, everything is in line and everybody is communicating," Debbie Noonan, PennDOT assistant district engineer for design, told the gathering at the last meeting on March 29. "We're going to sit down with the National Park Service. We're close to getting DEP (Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection) permits."
However ...
But a June 25 meeting at PennDOT's offices with the utility companies indicated that they need more time.
Sivick is angered because he and fellow board members believe that Lehman Township had gotten short shrift in the past from PennDOT, which sat on this project idea for about 30 years, and from the East Stroudsburg Area School District, where officials believe their North High School does not get the considerations given to the South high school in the district. They fear that being agreeable gives all parties concerned a chance to skip the third phase, the most expensive of the phases with an estimated $25.4 million cost, and stamp the project complete. Many sharply curved roads need to be straightened and one small bridge area must be replaced. It's been flooded out in past rainstorms.
Sivick and others also are concerned that if the project begins around October, the changing seasonal weather could cut the early work short until things resume in March.
That thinking has merit.
Tourism an issue
But there is another side for now. The summer season brings more visits, tourists, part-time residents and with all the roadwork being done by the National Park Service on Route 209, it is a little slower getting around. Having construction on another major artery through the area with added volume could make it worse. By moving the start to October, the school buses remain an issue regardless of when the project starts, but most of the other motorists are some commuters and some families getting their children to school or school bus stops. Route 209 roadwork should be complete by then.
"There's no traffic plan; they're only guessing," said Sivick. "They never asked for public input like that did around 1993 when we had a couple of meetings at the American Legion post before this all got started.
"At meetings, they can look at school buses, fire department and ambulance corps. What would happen if there is a fire and people have to get out? These are things that need to be discussed. It's all important because the other sections had different routes. Around here, there's only one way."
Informing motorists
Many of those motorists want to know when things will start. Although PennDOT has said the roadwork will not affect the two lanes of Milford Road, keeping motorists in the know will give them a chance to plan ahead for alternate routes to sidestep slowdowns from construction. It also will mean less traffic control issues for the road crews.
Some meetings right now could be a good idea with company and municipal leaders and maybe one briefing with the public. At this point, we all should know what's going on and what lies ahead. It would be a good idea since the utility companies left everyone in the dark after Hurricane Sandy.


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Dr. Andrzej J. Strojwas, professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, has been named recipient of the 2016 Phil Kaufman Award for Distinguished Contributions to Electronic System Design.
Interestingly, this is the first year that the Kaufman award is being presented for contributions to Electronic System Design, not EDA. Very appropriate given that Strojwas' contributions are in manufacturing and not design. Prof. Stojwas is CTO at PDF Solutions, which per company CEO John Kibarian has never been an EDA company. And with Kibarian serving as co-chair of the ESD Alliance, the organization formerly known as EDAC has now fully embraced its role across the entirety of electronic system design.
Besides this nod to EDAC's ongoing evolution, the larger implications in CEDA and the ESD Alliance naming Andrzej Strojwas as this year's Kaufman recipient are profound: The problems associated with electronic systems are not so much in the design these days, but in the extraordinary difficulties associated with manufacturing those designs. It's really tough, as you all know, when the structures being manufactured are smaller than the wavelengths of light used to etch them.
Which bring us back to Dr. Strojwas. He has been CTO at PDF for 20 years. Back in the last century/millennium, the problems of manufacturing below 193 nanometers could only have been guessed at, yet the company was already working on the intriguing issues of capturing post-manufacturing data and somehow packaging it up to make it useful: How does the semiconductor supply chain glean vital information about the vagaries of manufacturing a real chip and send it back up to the designers so they can learn from the reality when they put pen to paper to design the next hypothetical?
This engineering of the engineering demands scientific curiosity, steely eyed attitudes towards the realities of physics and material science, and a large dollop of business savvy to navigate between the needs and demands of the foundries and the needs and demands of the designers. Let's allow Dr. Strojwas to take it from here. We spoke by phone this week after his award was announced.


text: We are aware of continuing problems with duplicated messages and are taking the BIOSCI system off-line from 5 PM Friday, 6 DEC, until Monday AM. The message duplication is caused by a relatively infrequent but recurring file corruption problem that we have been experiencing with our news message tracking database. We will be doing a news system software upgrade over the weekend. All BIOSCI services including e-mail, news, WAIS, Gopher, FTP archive access, etc. will be inaccessible over the weekend, so here is your chance to take a short break from e-mail overload 8-). I am going to post this note to several of the more popular groups to ensure that as many readers as possible see it. My apologies if you subscribe to several of these groups by e-mail - you will get one copy for each group that you receive. Sincerely, Dave Kristofferson BIOSCI/bionet Manager biosci-help at net.bio.net


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When it comes to selection of a new alfalfa variety, remember first and foremost: performance, performance, performance.
That was the essence of Dan Putnam's advice to growers during a recent alfalfa field day at the Kearney Agricultural Center at Parlier.
"Performance, not the cost of the seed, is the most important economic feature of a new variety," said the University of California Cooperative Extension agronomist.
Putnam, who conducts the independent, continuing variety testing program based at UC, Davis, said selection of a new, improved variety could mean as much as $400 per acre additional revenue over the life of a three-year stand.
Multi-year data is compiled from the program's plots from Tulelake to El Centro, and statistics from Davis plots show yield differences by variety can range about 2.5 tons per acre over a three-year period.
But detection of relative performance of new varieties in the field depends on side-by-side comparison with an older, standard variety. "You can't see the difference by just walking into a field of the new variety," he noted.
He suggested growers set out their own strip trials for a close comparison of existing varieties and potential replacements.
And, he added, growers should be willing to spend a bit more for seed having higher performance. A gain of 200 pounds per acre can eclipse the additional costs of $1 to $2 per pound of seed of the new variety, and many varieties can produce improved yields of up to a ton per acre.
As he discussed results of his program's 2003-2004 trials and growers viewed strip trials at the Kearney station, Putnam said a good gauge of a variety's performance is comparison with the venerable CUF 101. Bred for the low desert and released nearly 30 years ago, it is resistant to blue aphid and is adaptable throughout the state.
For example, in 2003-2004 at Kearney, two-year comparative data showed (based on a price of $110 per ton, with no additional seed cost) CUF 101 posted about $220 per acre more revenue than the lowest producer, while several new varieties yielded in excess of $300 more per acre.
Multi-year records
Putnam stressed the need to compare multi-year production results when considering new varieties. Some new ones do well the first year and then decline, but others are slow during the establishing season and then produce quite well.
"We urge growers to look at two-year data, or three- or four-year data if they can find it," he noted, adding that at Kearney many high fall-dormancy varieties deteriorate more rapidly than their moderate fall-dormancy counterparts.
In general, he reminded, high fall-dormancy varieties tend to be higher yielding, somewhat lower in persistence, and lower in quality under a given cutting schedule.
Many northern San Joaquin Valley growers have elected to sacrifice yields for higher quality. This, Putnam said, presents "a fairly challenging issue," although it makes more sense in a lower-price year than a year like this.
He developed a table to help calculate options for the yield-quality tradeoff. It considers both yield for the season and average ADF content. As a rule of thumb, he said, the difference in quality must be worth over 33 percent more in price to justify the reduction in yield.
He recommended that growers looking for new varieties consider those in the top third of the results. From that group they can further examine for disease resistance.
'Resistance not absolute'
"But remember that disease resistance is not absolute. Alfalfa is a widely adapted crop with a wide variation between plants and is not as uniform in this respect as a corn hybrid or a wheat variety. We consider a 50 percent or greater resistance to a disease or insect as highly resistant. Even highly resistant plants can be overwhelmed if the pest population is great enough."
He went on to explain that an ideal "package" for resistance, by region of the state, would include strength against the aphid complex, Phytophthora, bacterial wilt, and root knot nematode.
Since chemical controls are not available for many of these pests on alfalfa, plant resistance and cultural practices are the only management tools.
Growers calculating the seed costs for resistance need to consider it an insurance issue, weighing whether the cost is worth protection in perhaps one year out of ten. A couple of years ago, Sacramento Valley alfalfa growers were caught unprepared for a root knot nematode outbreak of proportions not experienced for a decade before.
Putnam also has strip trials with "Roundup Ready" alfalfa varieties, planted in 2003 at Davis and this year at Kearney.
Roundup Ready alfalfa was de-regulated by USDA in June, and it can now be legally grown in commercial fields. Specific varieties developed through biotechnology are tolerant of glyphosate herbicide, which can be applied, over the top, without harm to the crop.
He will present results at the 35th California Alfalfa & Forage Symposium Dec. 12-14 at Visalia, but he offered preliminary comments on observations on stand establishment only. These trials do not include applications of Roundup.
The University of California's Publication 8153, "Roundup Ready Alfalfa: An Emerging Technology," details extensive investigation and trials on the concept throughout the state.
"Generally speaking, the yield potential of these varieties, at least in the Davis trial, looks very close to what we would expect from a similar line in the same fall dormancy class. We are seeing a 20 to 25 percent yield difference between the top and the bottom entries in the Davis trial. We will be analyzing the Kearney trial this fall."
He said 2 to 5 percent of the seed (nulls) of Roundup Ready varieties is not resistant to the herbicide and will be stunted by applications.
"This is not a particular problem, however, especially if you spray during stand establishment, since a lot of seed do not become plants anyway. The stands look good but typically only about 30 percent, maybe less, of the seed becomes plants."
Monsanto technical representative Barbara Kutzner of Fresno said Roundup WeatherMAX and Original MAX are registered for use on Roundup Ready varieties.
"It is very important to identify the three to four trifoliolate leaf stage of the alfalfa because we recommend application of 22 ounces at that stage to eliminate most of the weed pressure during stand establishment," she said.
Up to 132 ounces of the product can be applied each year, and applications can be made up to five days before cutting.
Cost of the Roundup Ready seed includes a $3 technology fee per pound, and growers must sign an agreement that their crop will be used domestically.
Kutzner said Roundup Ready alfalfa varieties have been accepted, as were the Roundup Ready corn varieties, by dairymen.


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Captured convict's court appearance postponed
Gary Alan Irving on the run for 35 years
Captured convict's court appearance postponed
Gary Alan Irving on the run for 35 years
PORTLAND, Maine —
The court appearance of a convicted rapist from Massachusetts, who was captured in Maine after more than three decades on the run, was postponed on Friday.
Gary Alan Irving's lawyer asked for more time to review the paperwork in the case.
The judge rescheduled the appearance to Monday.
Police arrested Irving at his Gorham home Wednesday night.
Irving was convicted of three separate rapes in Massachusetts that happened in the summer of 1978.
Investigators said he had been living with his wife in their South Street home in Gorham in plain sight using the name Gregg Irving.
Irving's lawyer said he has been living "like a model citizen" for more than three decades.
He said his only run-in with the law during that time was a speeding ticket.


text: We are a small team working on the web, the area we love. We started in late 2012 creating web solutions for start up companies. In 2013 we began to develop web templates reaching a higher number of clients. Working with customers from different parts of the world allowed us to evolve to where we are today. We are always up to date with the newest web design trends to deliver the best experience to our customers. Our philosophy is to develop high quality products with pixel perfect design that fit our customers needs.


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Yellowstone bison get more room to roam
Updated 5/13/11
Two extra-wide, ankle-busting, road-blocking cattle-guards; 900 feet of jackleg fencing tied into rock outcroppings and other natural obstacles; a handful of heavy-duty gates: All to ensure that Yellowstone's renowned wild bison can roam more freely than they have in years. Starting in full next winter, the animals will be permitted on 75,000 acres surrounding Gardiner, Mont., between the national park's northern boundary and the brand-new barriers, until May 1.
When Yellowstone is buried in snow, bison tend to leave for lower ground in search of food. And for decades, each winter they've been rounded up for slaughter, shot, and, more recently, hazed back into the park with horsemen, vehicles, even helicopters. That's because around half the park's bison test positive for exposure to abortion-inducing brucellosis, which many ranchers fear could spread to cattle in surrounding areas. The Interagency Bison Management Plan, adopted in 2000 by the National Park Service, two other federal agencies and the Montana Department of Livestock and Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, incorporated many of the aggressive tactics, but was intended to both control the disease and allow wild bison more leeway. Over the years, though, as officials continued hazing, herding and capturing bison -- sending thousands to slaughter -- those goals have appeared more and more at odds, leading critics to charge that the plan is still overwhelmingly weighted toward cattle.
That balance may finally be tipping, not just for Yellowstone's bison but for the species in general in Montana. Combined with strides towards increased tolerance on the western edge of the park, the Gardiner Basin plan, finalized April 14, "is really a problem solved," says Tom France, regional executive director of the National Wildlife Federation. "I liken it, on a much lesser scale, to the Berlin Wall coming down."
Momentum for bison conservation has been building since the early '90s, but has accelerated under Democratic Montana Gov. Brian Schweitzer and the Obama administration. And this year's unusually brutal winter, which drove hundreds of bison across the park's northern boundary, brought things to a head. By February, more than 500 had been captured, and Schweitzer -- fed up with the longstanding deadlock -- forbade their transport for slaughter, even as holding facilities bulged and animals continued to migrate north.
Something had to give, and the invisible barriers against bison were crumbling. A 30-year retirement of grazing rights on the Royal Teton Ranch, brokered by the agencies and conservation groups in 2008, had opened a new cow-free route to winter range and left just 50 cattle in the Gardiner Basin. In 2009, two tribes and a tribal collective became formal participants in the Bison Management Plan, adding strong support for freer-roaming bison. And this December, the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service relaxed federal brucellosis rules, ending the draconian measures that have inspired much of the anti-bison furor. Instead of destroying whole herds, ranchers whose cattle get sick now have to kill only infected animals. It's also much harder for a state to lose its brucellosis-free cattle status.
Meanwhile, Montana itself seems to be evolving towards treating bison more like wildlife than livestock. This winter, Fish, Wildlife and Parks began assessing locations outside the Yellowstone area -- including tribal lands -- where about 130 bison shown to be brucellosis-free can be moved for longer-term monitoring. If that pans out, says the agency's Regional Supervisor Pat Flowers, such bison could help seed new wild herds or augment existing ones elsewhere, taking some pressure off the overrun park. In a separate effort, the agency is weighing broader species restoration, provided it can find areas roomy enough so that "bison can act like bison," says agency wildlife chief Ken McDonald. Having bison outside of Yellowstone "just makes sense," explains Mike Volesky, the governor's natural resource policy adviser, "to ensure against the threat of listing under the Endangered Species Act, but also for preserving genetic diversity in the herd."
But it's unclear whether either effort will survive the swinging pendulum of state politics. Republicans -- who tend to align with ranchers in opposing bison's spread -- swept both houses of the Legislature last fall. This session, they considered around 10 bison-related bills, many of which restricted relocation; one senator even described the animal as "a creeping cancer." Only the most temperate bills made it past the governor, but he's term-limited in 2012.
Due to their size, tendency to roam and the fact that they compete with cows for grass, bison are politically tricky even without the threat of brucellosis, says McDonald. And despite the new rules and advances in cattle vaccination, the disease still worries ranchers. "It's hard to get them to understand that things have changed," says Jim Hagenbarth, who ranches outside Yellowstone's western boundary and is a member of a new citizens' group advising the Bison Management Plan agencies. "I've seen grown men lose whole herds and families break down bawling. Those memories stay around."
It's not surprising, then, that reactions to bison in the Gardiner area this spring have been mixed. The day after officials signed off on the new plan, a man opened fire on a herd in alleged self-defense, killing at least two. Some residents complained of property damage, while others admired the great shaggy beasts. The county commission and local stockgrowers' association filed suits to stop the plan, which will be heard May 25. The decision alienated many, says Errol Rice, executive vice president of the Montana Stockgrowers Association, which opposes the change. "There was no transparency for anyone." Conservation groups and Fish, Wildlife and Parks are urging patience, mounting education campaigns and pooling money to help landowners fence bison out. But it's going to take much more work to get bison conservation moving on a broad scale, says Keith Aune of the Wildlife Conservation Society, who worked for Montana's wildlife agency on bison for decades before retiring in 2007: "We have to get past that it can't happen to 'How would it look?' "


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6. Attend to precision.
How are middle school teachers helping their students attend to precision?
How can students be helped to:
- communicate precisely to others
- use clear definitions in discussion with others and in their own reasoning
- state the meaning of the symbols they choose
- careful about specifying units of measure
- calculate accurately and efficiently
- give carefully formulated explanations to each other
What are you doing to help students develop this practice? What makes it hard? What challenges are you encountering?


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Message Board
Julie Myerson Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Myerson has written!
Author Myerson's Book Reviews
Something Might Happen
Little, Brown, Oct 2003, 23.95, 327 pp. ISBN: 0316779849 Lennie, wife and mother of two, left the PTA meeting to go home late that night. However, she never made it back. Instead, she is found dead in a parking garage, the victim of a vicious mutilation. Lennie's neighbor Tess is mortified with what happened, but hides her feelings to take care of the two kids and help her best friend's husband Alex copes with this tragedy. The police ques...


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Grant boosts faculty research on desulfurization
A grant from the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund will support the research of two Lamar University faculty members into new techniques to remove sulfur compounds from hydrocarbon fuels.
The $100,000 New Directions Award for Fundamental Research will enhance the research of John Zhanhu Guo, associate professor of chemical engineering, and Suying Wei, assistant professor of analytical chemistry, into pervaporation of sulfur compounds using elastomeric polymer nanocomposite membranes.
Grant reviewers described the research as important to the petroleum industry with the potential to advance the nanocomposite field by creating innovative polymer nanocomposites. One reviewer also commented on Guo's and Wei's "novel ways to train both undergraduate and graduate researchers" through the project.
Guo said the collaboration between faculty members and students from the College of Engineering and the College of Arts and Sciences is mutually beneficial. "I will focus on the process, and she will focus on the chemical analysis and surface treatments," Guo said. "I ask my students to learn the scientific facts from Dr. Wei, and her students come here to learn the engineering applications. Knowledge is advanced to achieve the goals, the objectives of our research. The students will have broader knowledge and broader horizons. That's a benefit for our education here."
Finding new methods to remove sulfur compounds from hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel and gasoline is important because the pollutant sulfur oxide released after combustion is damaging to engines, the environment and human health.
Current desulfurization techniques, Guo said, all have disadvantages, from high expense and energy usage to lower fuel quality and combustion value.
"What we are doing is using novel nanocomponents to serve as a membrane. This newly designed membrane will have a high selectivity to the sulfur compounds, so the sulfur compounds can be removed very easily," Guo said.
The researchers plan to modify commercially available membranes that are used in water treatment. By modifying the surface with nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes, they hope to be able to selectively remove sulfur compounds, leading to greater yields of cleaner fuels. The advantages over existing techniques include high selectivity, high separation efficiency and energy savings.
The researchers also plan to evaluate factors such as ideal operating conditions, temperatures, flow rates, and sulfur levels, and to determine the potential lifetime and capacity of the membranes.
Graduate and undergraduate students from both the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering will participate in the research.


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Netter PresenterFull set of images from the Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy, 6th edition. More than 200 additional clinically-focused illustrations and radiologic images, as well as videos created from the new Netter's 3D Interactive Anatomy, and selected videos from Netter's Online Dissection Modules.For tips on how to view and download images, create online presentations, and image disclaimer, use Netter Presenter Get Started Guide.Expand
Subjects: Medical Images, Health, Biological Sciences
Indexes biomedical literature from Pubmed (Medline abstracts), US Grants for over 75 institutions including the U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH), National Science Foundation, U.S.Expand
Department of Agriculture, and Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) and Free FullText open access articles.
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Health
NTRL - National Technical Reports Library
NTRL provides access to a large collection of historical and current authenticated government technical reports. The database includes over 2 million titles with links for over 700,000 full-text reports.Expand
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Business, Chemistry, Government Information, Health, Library and Information Science, Mathematics, Multidisciplinary Databases, Neuroscience Animal Behavior, Physics, Science and Technology, Statistics and Demography


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Showcasing a very simple and chic way, to create the best exquisite Sandals for your fancy prom and party and more.
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Bulldog faces uncertain future
Retail ISP could become wholesale LLUo
There are fears for the future of broadband ISP Bulldog amid reports that parent Cable & Wireless (C&W) could be about to undertake a massive restructuring.
Despite large amounts of cash being ploughed into the business, Bulldog has only managed to attract some 80,000 users to its broadband service - way behind established ISPs such as AOL, BT, Pipex and Wanadoo.
The ISP has also been dogged by a poor customer service record that culminated in hundreds of complaints and an investigation by the communications watchdog Ofcom.
Now, it seems C&W is considering whether to pull the plug on Bulldog's retail operation and instead become a wholesale provider of unbundled services. Asked to comment on Bulldog's future plans, a spokeswoman for the company told El Reg that further details would be announced at the end of the month when C&W publishes details of its new strategy.
Indeed, C&W dished out a similar response to reports that its finance director, Charles Herlinger, could be about to follow the lead of chef exec Francesco Caio.
Last week, C&W issued a profits warning and announced the departure of Caio. The telco also announced that it had split the company into two divisions - the UK (which includes Bulldog) and international, which has prompted yet further speculation that it could become the subject of a takeover bid. ®


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Brief SummaryRead full entry
More than 95% of moss species belong to the Bryopsida. Diversity in this group has been classified into 90 to 110 families and 11 to 16 orders. The Dicranales and Hypnales are the most diverse groups with 13 and 44 families, respectively.
The most important characteristic of the Bryopsida is the architecture of the ring of teeth (peristome) surrounding the mouth of the sporophyte capsule (Figure 1). Bryopsida are the only mosses that have an arthrodontous peristome, i. e., a peristome in which the teeth are structured by articulated cell wall remnants (see Characteristics).
Figure 1. Closeup of the peristome of the capsule of Sematophyllum (Hypnales). This arthrodontous peristome is composed of a double ring of teeth. The external teeth (exostome) are shorter and thicker than the segments of the internal row (endostome). Note that each tooth in the exostome is alternated with a segment of the endostome.
Image copyright © 2000, Efrain De Luna.
Despite all orders sharing a basic arthrodontous peristome, the Bryopsida comprises a diverse set of species of various gametophytic morphologies. Branching systems combine pinnate (monopodial) and stepwise extension of new branches (sympodial architectures) with apical (acrocarpous) or lateral (cladocarpous and pleurocarpous) sporophyte locations. Leaf cells are variously differentiated forming specialized groups at allar, basal, medial, upper and apical leaf zones. Leaves in some taxa are multilayered stratose, at least in the apex and margins. The sporangia also show a wide range of variation in shape and size of the capsule, operculum, and peristome organization. The outer surface of teeth can be variously ornamented with papillae, striations, or both.


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WASHINGTON (AP) — Trayvon Martin's father told a crowded Capitol Hill forum on Wednesday that "a statute or amendment" safeguarding young people against the type of circumstances that resulted in his son's death would be a fitting legacy for his son.
"The question is, what can we do as parents, what can we do as African-American men, to assure our kids that you don't have to be afraid to walk outside your house?" Tracy Martin asked during a forum convened by the Congressional Caucus on Black Men and Boys, one of several such caucuses comprised of House members who want to seek possible legislative responses on various issues.
Martin said he is dedicated to ensuring that depictions during the trial of George Zimmerman, the man who shot Trayvon dead but was acquitted, do not define his 17-year-old son. Trayvon was his hero, Martin said, and "to not be there in his time of need is real troublesome, not to be able to save my son's life."
Martin's comments opened what was billed as the first gathering of the caucus, which was formed to focus attention on issues disproportionately affecting black men and boys, such as joblessness and racial profiling.
"I would like to see Trayvon Martin's name attached to a statute or amendment that says you can't just profile our children, shoot them ... and say you were defending yourself," Tracy Martin told the lawmakers and the standing-room-only crowd.
"With everything that I have left in me, we will make sure his name will not be dragged through the mud," Martin said.
The mostly black audience gave Martin a standing ovation as former NAACP President Kweisi Mfume, a former congressman who has six sons and four grandsons, praised Martin for the grace and dignity he has displayed in his grief. Martin remained seated and twirled a pen in his hands, appearing almost embarrassed by the adulation.
Mfume cited the cases of Emmitt Till, a 14-year-old boy killed in Mississippi in 1955, and Rodney King, whose 1991 beating by Los Angeles police was captured on video, as examples of a sad, cyclical history that have had an impact on black men and boys.
"We cannot keep revisiting this. We cannot and we ought not," Mfume said.
Martin's appearance came a few days after President Barack Obama made remarks identifying himself with the plight of the Florida teenager who was shot and killed last year during a confrontation with Zimmerman, a neighborhood watch volunteer.
Zimmerman, 29, said he fired the deadly shot at the unarmed boy in self-defense, and he was acquitted July 13 of second-degree murder and manslaughter charges. The verdict sparked protests and calls for federal officials to charge Zimmerman with violating Trayvon Martin's civil rights. Federal officials are reviewing the case.
Discussion and solutions during the forum included ensuring that high-quality preschools are available to black children, changing minimum drug sentencing laws, and pursuing federal pre-emption of Florida's Stand Your Ground law, which some have cited as justification for Zimmerman's action.
Eleanor Holmes Norton, the congressional delegate for Washington, D.C., called stand-your-ground laws "a clear and present danger" to all black males. After the hearing, she said lawmakers are concerned that Martin's case would fade from prominence over time, and "we will go on to the next kid" to be hurt or killed in a stand-your-ground situation.
"We owe it to the Martin family to try to get rid of that law," she said.
Rep. Danny Davis, D-Ill., co-chair of the new caucus, said the aim of the coalition is to highlight issues that impact and influence the conditions of black males. For example, he said, there are few male African-American teachers in elementary and primary school, so some black boys never see someone who looks like them involved in education and thus grow up perceiving education as something women do.
The unemployment rate for black men aged 20 and over was 13 percent in June compared to 6.2 percent for white men in that age bracket. The unemployment rate for black males and females 16 to 19 years old was 43.6 percent last month, compared to 20.4 percent for whites, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Also speaking were David Johns, executive director of the White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for African-Americans, and Georgetown University sociology professor Michael Eric Dyson.
Later this week, members of the Congressional Black Caucus were to convene a summit in Chicago to consider solutions to the issue of urban gun violence.
Follow Suzanne Gamboa on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/APsgamboa


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Henry County Board of Commissioners is requesting sealed proposals to provide submissions for the design/build of a pumping – irrigation system at J. P. Moseley Park in Stockbridge, Georgia. The vendor shall furnish all materials, labor, tools, equipment and services required to complete this project.
An on-site pre-proposal meeting will be held on Tuesday March 1, 2011 at 10:00AM. Attendees will meet in the parking lot between football fields 1-2 and 3-4 at J. P. Moseley Park, 1041 Miller's Mill Road, Stockbridge, Georgia. This meeting is not mandatory; however, attendance is strongly recommended as failure to attend will not relieve the vendor of fulfilling all requirements and/or obligations of the proposal. Also, individual meetings with the County staff regarding the RFP may not be available. Each bidder shall examine and thoroughly familiarize himself with all existing conditions, including all laws, ordinances, rules and regulations that will affect the work prior to submitting a proposal.
Sealed proposals will be received by Henry County Board of Commissioners, Purchasing Department, 140 Henry Parkway, Room 209, McDonough, Georgia 30253 until 3:00PM local time on March 17, 2011. Proposals may be submitted by mail, common carrier, or delivered in person. Electronic (fax or e-mail) proposals are not acceptable. All proposals must be received by the Purchasing Department prior to the date and time specified. Late proposals will not be considered nor returned. Proposals will be formally accepted and acknowledged at the County Administration Building by staff personnel.
The Proposal documents are available for review at the Henry County Board of Commissioners, Purchasing Department, 140 Henry Parkway, McDonough, Georgia; phone 770-288-6027, fax 770-288-6047. The Proposal documents are available for inspection and download here:
Proposals may not be withdrawn for sixty (60) days after the time and date set for closing, except as allowed by OCGA. Henry County reserves the right to reject any and all proposals and to waive any technicalities.
Last updated: Friday July 28 2017


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