text:
Alopias superciliosus
|Scope: Global
Language: English
|Scientific Name:
|Alopias superciliosus Lowe, 1841
|Regional Assessments:
Common Name(s):
Alopecias superciliosus Lowe, 1841
Alopias profundus Nakamura, 1935
|Taxonomic Source(s):
|Springer, S. 1973. Alopiidae. In: J.-C. Hureau & T. Monod (ed.), Check-list of the Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). Volume 1, pp. 17. Unesco, Paris.
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Vulnerable A2bd ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
Needs updating
|Amorim, A., Baum, J., Cailliet, G.M., Clò, S., Clarke, S.C., Fergusson, I., Gonzalez, M., Macias, D., Mancini, P., Mancusi, C., Myers, R., Reardon, M., Trejo, T., Vacchi, M. & Valenti, S.V.
|Cavanagh, R.D., Stevens, J.D., Kyne, P.M., Soldo, A., Francis, M., Fowler, S.L. & participants of the Pelagic Shark Red List Workshop (Shark Red List Authority)
All members of genus Alopias, the thresher sharks, are listed as Vulnerable globally because of their declining populations. These downward trends are the result of a combination of slow life history characteristics, hence low capacity to recover from moderate levels of exploitation, and high levels of largely unmanaged and unreported mortality in target and bycatch fisheries.
The Bigeye Thresher Shark (Alopias superciliosus) apparently is a highly migratory, oceanic and coastal species found virtually circumglobally in tropical and temperate seas. It has low fecundity (2-4 pups/litter) and an exceptionally low (0.002) potential annual rate of population increase, compared with other thresher sharks. This species is especially vulnerable to fisheries exploitation (target and bycatch) as its epipelagic habitat occurs within the range of many largely unregulated gillnet and longline fisheries in which it is readily caught, and it has been fished throughout its range. Significant reductions in thresher CPUE have been reported in pelagic longline fisheries in the northwest Atlantic and the eastern tropical Pacific, and declines are also suspected to have occurred in other areas. Although data are lacking for many parts of its range, it is evident that this Vulnerable species, with such low productivity, faces major threats throughout most of its range, where fishing pressure is unlikely to cease or decrease anytime in the immediate future. However, this may underestimate the extent of global decline and there is an urgent need for global review of all available data throughout its range.
In addition to the Vulnerable global assessment, a number of regional assessments have also been designated for the Bigeye Thresher Shark as follows: Vulnerable (VU A2bd) in the eastern central Pacific; Endangered (EN A2bd) in the northwest Atlantic and western central Atlantic; Near Threatened in the southwest Atlantic; Data Deficient in the Mediterranean Sea; and Vulnerable (VU A2d) in the Indo-west Pacific.
Northwest Atlantic and Western Central Atlantic
Estimates of trends in abundance from standardized catch rate indices of the USA pelagic longline fishery suggest that this species has likely undergone a decline in abundance in this region. Thresher sharks are generally recorded by genus by observers as well as in logbooks, which includes both Common Thresher Shark (Alopias vulpinus) and Bigeye Thresher Shark in this region, of which the Bigeye Thresher Shark is the more common. The area covered by the analyses, ranging from the equator to about 50°N, encompasses the confirmed range of threshers in this region. Estimates of the decline based on logbook and observer records of combined thresher sharks from 1986-2005 range between 50-80%. Fishing pressure on thresher sharks began over two decades prior to the start of this time series, thus the estimated declines are not from virgin biomass. Bigeye Thresher Shark is more biologically vulnerable and has a lower rate of intrinsic population increase than the Common Thresher Shark, with which it is grouped in the logbook and observer datasets. Given this species' intrinsic vulnerability and that fishing pressure on thresher sharks began over two decades prior to the start of these longline time series, the combined analyses may underestimate the decline in A. superciliosus and it is assessed as Endangered (EN A2bd) in this region.
The Bigeye Thresher Shark is a bycatch of the semi-industrial fisheries (swordfish and other pelagic fisheries) of southern Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Sicily and Malta, and of artisanal trammel and gillnet fisheries elsewhere in the Mediterranean Sea. However, Bigeye Thresher Shark has been poorly documented in the Mediterranean and is considered scarce or rare. No data are available on catch trends in this region, although pelagic effort is high. Despite the apparent threat posed by bycatch, the lack of records and further information on the population of Bigeye Thresher Shark in the Mediterranean precludes an assessment beyond Data Deficient at this time.
Southwest Atlantic
The Bigeye Thresher Shark is caught in tuna and swordfish longline fisheries, and to a lesser extent gillnets, with other wide-ranging oceanic shark species in this region. Increased targeting of pelagic sharks due to the increasing demand and the commercial value of their fins has also been reported. Data are sparse in the South Atlantic and pelagic fishing pressure high. Both Bigeye Thresher Shark and Cxommon Thresher Shark are caught in the Brazil santos longline fishery, with Bigeye Thresher Shark comprising the large majority of the catch. The landed catch and CPUE of Bigeye Thresher Shark in this fishery increased from 1971 to 1989, and then gradually decreased from 1990 to 2001. This does not necessarily reflect stock abundance because changes in the depth of fishing operations also occurred, which may have affected the time series. Given the declines reported in other areas for which data are available and high fishing pressure from fleets throughout the Southwest Atlantic, the species is assessed as Near Threatened in this region based on the limited information currently available. There is a need to collect further data from throughout the South Atlantic.
Eastern Central Pacific
Pelagic fleets operating in this region are known to take Bigeye Thresher Shark. It is a known bycatch of the purse seine fishery operating in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Trends in abundance and biomass of thresher sharks combined in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean were estimated by comparison of pelagic longline research surveys in the 1950s with recent data (1990s) collected by observers on pelagic longline fishing vessels, standardized to account for differences in depth and soak time. This analysis was not species specific but estimated a decline in abundance of 83% and a decline in biomass to approximately 5% of virgin levels. Given the apparent decline in combined thresher abundance in this region, continued fishing pressure from pelagic fleets and this species' vulnerable life-history characteristics it is assessed as Vulnerable (VU A2bd) in the eastern central Pacific.
Indo-West Pacific
This species is taken by a variety of pelagic fisheries throughout many areas of its range in the Indo-West Pacific, including the Spanish surface longline fleet swordfish and sharks, the Korean tuna longline fleet, South Africa's longline fisheries for tuna and tuna fisheries in the eastern Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea. Pelagic fisheries have operated in the Indian Ocean for more than 50 years. Pelagic fishing pressure is high and the amounts of sharks caught by longliners targeting swordfish in the Indian Ocean have been constantly increasing since the mid-1990s. Sharks are also targeted in several areas. A recent review of fisheries in the Indian Ocean reported that sharks in this region are considered fully to over-exploited. Most artisanal and industrial marine fisheries in the Indian Ocean are multispecies and the state of most resources is poorly documented. Catch data are incomplete and cannot be used to estimate the real magnitude of catches or trends. Although complete data on are not available for evaluation from this region, this species is a known catch of many fisheries operating throughout much of its range in this region, as described above. Given that the Bigeye Thresher Shark has high biological vulnerability and a low intrinsic rate of increase, coupled with the declines observed in other areas of its range, declines are inferred based on continuing high levels of exploitation and it is assessed as Vulnerable (VU A2d) in the Indo-West Pacific.
|Range Description:
|This oceanic and coastal shark is virtually circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas (Compagno 2001). The below distribution is taken directly from (Compagno 2001).
Western Atlantic: ranges from New York to Florida, Mississippi and Texas, USA, Mexico (Veracruz to Yucatan), Bahamas, Cuba, Venezuela, Brazil (from Praia do Forte, Bahia to Rio Grande de Sul), Uruguay, and almost certainly Argentina.
Eastern Atlantic: from eastern Portugal and Spain, Madeira, near Azores, Morocco, Canary Islands, Senegal, Guinea to Sierra Leone, Angola, South Africa (Western Cape), including the Mediterranean Sea.
Indian Ocean: South Africa (Eastern Cape and Kwazulu-Natal), Madagascar, Arabian Sea (Somalia), Gulf of Aden, Maldives, Sri Lanka.
Western Pacific: Southern Japan (including Okinawa), Taiwan, Viet Nam, between northern Mariana Islands and Wake Island, Northwestern Submarine Rise, New Caledonia, Australia (northwestern coast), New Zealand. Also towards the Central Pacific in the area between Wake, Marshall, Howland and Baker, Palmyra, Johnston Islands.
Eastern Pacific: California, USA, Mexico (Gulf of California) to approximately 15°S latitude off Peru, including west of Galapagos Islands, Ecuador; possibly off northern Chile (Compagno 2001). Also Hawaiian Islands, USA, north and south of Hawaiian Islands, off east of Line Islands, and between Marquesas and Galapagos Islands.
The longest straight line movement of a conventionally tagged Bigeye Thresher Shark is reported at 2,767 km, from waters off New York to the Eastern Gulf of Mexico (Weng and Block 2004, Kohler and Turner 2001). A study of two bigeye thresher sharks using pop-up satellite archival tags in the Gulf of Mexico and Hawaiian Archipelago suggest a pattern of diel vertical migration (Weng and Block 2001). Nakano et al. (2003) also report distinct diel vertical migrations from acoustic telemetry studies in the Eastern Central Pacific, with the studied sharks staying at 200 to 500 m depth during the day and at 80 to 130 m at night.
|Countries occurrence:
Native:Angola; Argentina; Australia; Bahamas; Brazil; Costa Rica; Cuba; Ecuador (Ecuador (mainland), Galápagos); El Salvador; French Polynesia (Marquesas); Greece; Guatemala; Guinea; Israel; Italy; Japan; Madagascar; Maldives; Mexico; Morocco; New Caledonia; New Zealand; Nicaragua; Panama; Portugal (Azores, Madeira, Portugal (mainland)); Senegal; Sierra Leone; Somalia; South Africa; Spain (Canary Is., Spain (mainland)); Sri Lanka; Taiwan, Province of China; Turkey; United States (Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaiian Is., Louisiana, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia); United States Minor Outlying Islands (Howland-Baker Is., Johnston I., Wake Is.); Uruguay; Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; Viet Nam
|FAO Marine Fishing Areas:
Atlantic – eastern central; Atlantic – northwest; Atlantic – western central; Atlantic – southeast; Atlantic – southwest; Atlantic – northeast; Indian Ocean – western; Mediterranean and Black Sea; Pacific – southeast; Pacific – northwest; Pacific – southwest; Pacific – eastern central; Pacific – western central
|Additional data:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|Atlantic and Indo-Pacific populations are presumably largely isolated. An ongoing genetic study of global population structure in A. superciliosus using DNA sequences from the mitochondrial control region indicates no structuring of populations within the Pacific Ocean, but significant genetic structure between Bigeye Threshers in the northwest Atlantic and those in the Pacific Ocean (Trejo 2004). The existence of separate Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean stocks is unconfirmed.
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|Found in coastal waters over the continental shelves, sometimes close inshore in shallow waters, and on the high seas in the epipelagic zone far from land; also caught near the bottom in deep water on the continental slopes (Compagno 2001). Ranges from the surface and in the intertidal to at least 500 m deep and has been recorded to 723 m deep (Nakano et al. 2003), mostly below 100 m depth (Compagno 2001). Mediterranean captures are typically from offshore continental shelf waters.
Estimated age at maturity is years 12-13 (females), 9-10 years (males) (Liu et al. 1998) (data from Taiwan waters, Northwest Pacific). Longevity is estimated at 20 years for females (19 years for males) (Liu et al. 1998). Males mature at 270-300 cm total length (TL) and females at 332-355 cm TL (Chen et al. 1997, Liu et al. 1998, Moreno and Moron 1992, Stillwelli and Casey 1976). The maximum recorded size of A. superciliosus is 461 cm TL (Compagno 2001). Size at birth ranges from 64-140 cm TL (Golani 1996, Chen et al. 1997, Bauchot 1987). The gestation period is 12 months with average litter sizes 2-4 pups/litter, usually two (Compagno 2001). Of the thresher sharks, the Bigeye Thresher has the lowest rate of annual increase, estimated at 1.6% under sustainable exploitation (Smith et al. 2008), or 0.002-0.009 (Cortés 2008, Dulvy et al. 2008). There have been several studies on the biology of A. superciliosus from Brazilian waters in the southwest Atlantic; see (Amorim et al. 1998, Amorim et al. in press, Gonzalez and Magenta-da-Cunha in press).
A recent tagging study of two A. superciliosus (one from Hawaii and the other from the Gulf of Mexico) indicates strong diel vertical migration (Weng and Block 2004). These sharks spent most of the nightime in waters warmer than 20°C and commonly spent eight or more hours during the daytime in waters cooler than 10°C, requiring them to be eurythermal. Nakano et al. (2003) undertook acoustic tracking of this species in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Reported diet consists of pelagic bony fishes including scombroids, clupeoids and small billfishes; hake and cephalopods (Compagno 2001). Uses its tail to stun the pelagic fishes on which it feeds (Compagno et al. 2005). Anecdotal reports from Maltese fishermen suggest a strong association between these sharks and highly mobile scombroids such as Bullet Tunas Auxis rochei in the Mediterranean. Observations from Sardinia show that the Bigeye Thresher sometimes interacts with swordfish, receiving fatal wounds (Vacchi and Serena 2000).
|Major Threat(s):
Members of the genus Alopias, thresher sharks, are threatened from a combination of slow life history characteristics, hence low capacity to recover from moderate levels of exploitation, and high levels of largely unmanaged and unreported mortality in target (for fins and their valuable meat) and bycatch fisheries. The Bigeye Thresher Shark has the lowest intrinsic rebound potential and least resistance to fisheries of the genus.
Thresher shark species (including A. superciliosus) were found to represent at least 2-3% of the fins auctioned in Hong Kong, the world's largest shark fin trading center (Clarke et al. 2006a). Thresher shark fins are generally low value compared to other species because of their low fin ray count (S. Clarke unpubl. data). It is estimated that between 350,000 and 3.9 million thresher sharks (Alopias species) are represented in the shark fin trade each year or, in biomass, 12,000 to 85,000 mt (Clarke et al. 2006b). These estimates are 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than catches of Alopiidae reported to FAO, which since the early-1980s have generally been less than 1,600 tonnes, and around 1,000 mt since 1998 (Maguire et al. 2006). Catches of thresher sharks are clearly hugely under reported globally. Although trend data are as a result largely lacking, these fisheries are unlikely to be sustainable. A recent FAO analysis states, "unless demonstrated otherwise, it is prudent to consider these species as being fully exploited or overexploited globally" (Maguire et al. 2006).
The life history of this species, including a late age at maturity (12-13 years) and very low fecundity (average two pups per litter) (Chen et al. 1997), render it highly vulnerable to overexploitation. Alopias superciliosus has the lowest annual rate of population increase of all thresher sharks and is therefore particularly at risk from depletion in fisheries. Its epipelagic habitat occurs within the range of commercial longline fisheries in which it is readily caught. Caught or formerly caught in the oceanic longline fisheries operated by the former USSR, Japan, Taiwan (Province of China), Spain, the USA, Brazil, Uruguay, Mexico, and probably other countries. Especially important areas for these fisheries are the northwestern Indian Ocean, western and Central Pacific, eastern North Pacific, and North Atlantic (Compagno 2001). This species is also taken as incidental bycatch in fixed bottom and pelagic gill nets, in trawls, and as a rare catch of anti-shark nets off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It has been caught by anglers with sportsfishing gear (rod-and-reel) in the USA, South Africa, and New Zealand, in some instances by anglers targeting swordfish at night (Compagno 2001).
The Bigeye Thresher was formerly a very important component of the Cuban longline fishery, and more recently has been taken in considerable numbers by longliners off the northeastern USA and by gill net vessels off southern California (USA) and the eastern Atlantic (by Spanish vessels), and by longliners off Taiwan (Province of China; where about 220 t per year are landed) (Compagno 2001).
Northwest Atlantic and Western Central Atlantic
A. superciliosus has been caught incidentally in the northwest and western central Atlantic for about four decades. The first longline fisheries in the Atlantic were begun by the Japanese in 1956 in the western equatorial waters (Uozumi and Nakano 1996). The fleet expanded rapidly in the 1960s, and covered almost the entire Atlantic by the late 1960s (Bonfil 1994), including the areas currently fished by the American fleet. Fisheries monitoring of bigeye thresher shark catch is extremely limited because they are an incidentally caught species. In Canada and the U.S., less than 5% of the pelagic longlining fleets are monitored by observers, making it difficult to elucidate reliable trends in abundance from these data. Fisheries monitoring in international waters is even more limited. The pelagic longline fishing grounds for the US fleet extend from the Grand Banks (about 45°N) in the northwest Atlantic to 5-10°S off the South American coast, within which geographical areas of longline fishing are defined for classification (Cortés et al. 2007).
The northwest and western central Atlantic regional assessment is based on several estimates of trends in abundance from standardized catch rate indices of the U.S. pelagic longline fishery, between 1986-2000, for thresher sharks (Baum et al. 2003). The analysis is not species-specific but, based on the location of the catches, the majority of threshers in the dataset are most likely bigeye thresher sharks (K. Goldman pers. comm.), and the sample size of threshers in these data is over 20,000. The estimated decline of thresher sharks combined (A. superciliosus and A. vulpinus) is 80% during this fifteen-year time period, which is just over the length of one generation for bigeye threshers (Baum et al. 2003). An alternative analysis of the same logbook dataset for 1986-2005 that also combined A. vulpinus and A. superciliosus, resulted in an overall decline of 63% (Cortés et al. 2007). Fishing pressure on thresher sharks began over two decades prior to the start of this time series, thus the estimated declines are not from virgin biomass.
A more recent analysis of Alopias spp. trends from scientific observer data between 1992 and 2005 in the same U.S. pelagic longline fishery found an almost identical instantaneous rate of decline (-0.12 up to the year 2000) as in the logbook analysis (Baum et al. unpublished manuscript). For this nine year period (1992-2000), the decline amounts to 68%, therefore the decline back to when the fishery started in the 1960s (less than three generation period of 51 years) would be much greater. However, because of recent increases in the catch rates in 2004 and 2005, the overall trend from 1992-2005 of -0.024 was non-significant, and would amount to only a 26% decline (Baum et al. unpublished manuscript). Cortés et al. (2007) also conducted an alternative analysis of this same observer dataset for the same time period that also combined A. vulpinus and A. superciliosus. This analysis of the observer dataset showed a trend opposite to that of the logbook analysis, with a 28% increase since 1992. In contrast, the nominal observer series showed a 39% decline and the logbook index for the same time period showed a decrease of 50%. Furthermore the sample size in the observer analysis was much smaller (n=14-84) than that in the logbook analysis (n=112-1292) and thus the trend estimated should be regarded with caution. Cortés et al.'s (2007) observer analysis was restricted to four out of the 11 geographical areas covered by the pelagic longline fishing fleet to keep a balanced statistical design (Cortés et al. 2007). Their full logbook analysis, which showed an overall decline of 63%, had much larger sample sizes and is thus better to estimate trends with more certainty (Cortés et al. 2007).
Bigeye Thresher is more biologically vulnerable than the Common Thresher (A. vulpinus), with which it is grouped in the logbook and observer datasets. Given this species' intrinsic rate of population increase is much lower and that fishing pressure on thresher sharks began over two decades prior to the start of these longline time series, the combined analyses may underestimate the decline in A. superciliosus. The area covered by the dataset analyzed, ranging from the equator to about 50°N, encompasses the confirmed range of bigeye threshers in these two regions (Compagno 2001).
Mediterranean Sea
This species is a bycatch of the semi-industrial fisheries (swordfish and other pelagic fisheries) of southern Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Sicily and Malta, and of artisanal trammel and gillnet fisheries elsewhere in the Mediterranean Sea (Bauchot 1987). However, A. superciliosus has been poorly documented in the Mediterranean and is considered scarce or rare (Barrull and Mate 2002). As a result, no data are available on catch trends for this species in the region. In recent years, increasing numbers of new records from the eastern Mediterranean (sometimes multiple captures) demonstrate that this species also penetrates widely to the east of Malta, occurring in the waters off Israel (Levantine basin), in the Aegean Sea off Turkey and southern Greece, and off southern Crete (I. Fergusson pers. obs., Golani 1996, Clò et al. 2005, Clò et al. 2008). Evidence from offshore pelagic fisheries in southern Sicily and Malta indicate that A. superciliosus is caught in unknown numbers each year, but routinely discarded at sea (hence the vernacular name "False Thresher", because of a perceived low local value). Despite the apparent threat posed by bycatch and the species' vulnerable life-history characteristics, there is a lack of records and further information on the population of A. superciliosus in the Mediterranean Sea is required.
Eastern Central Pacific
The California drift gill net fishery for common thresher, A. vulpinus provided strong evidence that thresher sharks are highly vulnerable to rapid population decline when heavily fished, when landings of A. vulpinus declined to 28% of peak landings in 1982 by the late 1980s (Goldman 2005, Maguire et al. 2006). Pelagic fleets operating in the eastern central Pacific are known to take A. superciliosus, for example it is a bycatch of the purse seine fishery operating in the Eastern Pacific Ocean (Román-Verdesoto and Orozco-Zöller 2005). Ward and Myers (2005) estimated the biomass of thresher sharks to be approximately 5% of the virgin biomass and estimated a decline in abundance of 83% in the eastern tropical Pacific. These estimates were made by a comparison of pelagic longline research surveys in the 1950s carried out in the tropical Pacific Ocean with recent data (1990s) collected by observers on pelagic longline fishing vessels, which have been standardized to account for differences in depth and soak time (Ward and Myers 2005).
Southwest Atlantic
This species is caught in tuna and swordfish longline fisheries, and to a lesser extent gillnets, with other wide-ranging oceanic shark species in this region. In the tuna and swordfish longline fisheries some vessels now also target sharks due to the increasing demand and commercial value of fins, particularly in Brazil and Uruguay (Domingo 2000). The landed catch and CPUE of Bigeye Thresher in the Santos (São Paulo) tuna longline fishery increased from 1971 to 1989, and then gradually decreased from 1990 to 1996 (Arfelli and Amorim 1994, Amorim et al. 1998). In later years a switch to shallower set longlines in the fishery (to target swordfish instead of tuna) reduced the catch of most sharks and may have affected the CPUE time-series which continued to show a decrease to 2001 (A. Amorim pers. obs.). Both A. superciliosus and A. vulpinus are caught in the Brazil Santos longline fishery, with A. superciliosus comprising the large majority of the catch and A. vulpinus only a small proportion of captures (Sadowsky and Amorim 1977). A. superciliosus has also been documented as bycatch in the industrial tuna longline fishery operating out of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil (Hazin et al. 1990). Off Uruguay, CPUE values obtained from the pelagic longline fishery observer program for 2001-2005 are very low and show no clear trend (Berrondo et al. 2006). It is also taken by the Taiwanese tuna longline fishery operating in the South Atlantic (Joung et al. 2005).
Indo-West Pacific
This species is taken by a variety of pelagic fisheries throughout many areas of its range in the Indo-West Pacific. Pelagic fisheries have operated in the Indian Ocean for more than 50 years; Japanese long-liners in the eastern Indian Ocean since 1952 and in the western region since 1956. Russian, Taiwanese and South Korean vessels have fished there since 1954-1966 (Gubanov and Paramonov 1993). The amounts of sharks caught by longliners targeting swordfish in the Indian Ocean have been constantly increasing since the mid-1990s and some have switched to targeting sharks in recent years (IOTC 2006). Large gillnet fisheries operating off India and Sri Lanka have also been taking important catches of pelagic sharks since the 1980s. Finning and discarding of carcasses has also been reported, especially in offshore and high seas fisheries (Anderson and Simpfendorfer 2005, IOTC 2006). A recent review of fisheries in the Indian Ocean (Young et al. 2006) reported that sharks in this region are considered fully to over-exploited.
A. superciliosus is known to be taken by the Spanish surface longline fleet for swordfish and sharks, Korean tuna longline fleet and others operating in the Indian Ocean (García-Cortés and Mejuto 2000, Yang et al. 2005). Mejuto et al. (2006) report that fishing effort in this Spanish fleet has increased since 1993. It is also documented in catches of Spanish experimental cruises in the Southwest Indian Ocean (Ariz et al. 2006). South Africa's longline fisheries for tuna set a total of 21 million hooks between 2000 and 2005. Observer coverage (14%) indicated that the shark bycatch of this fishery comprised 4% thresher sharks, after Blue Shark, Shortfin Mako and Crocodile Shark (IOTC 2006). It is a known catch of tuna and shark longline and driftnet fisheries operating in the Indian Ocean and areas of the western Pacific (Rajruchithong et al. 2005, White et al. 2006). IOTC collects catch information for sharks, but this is considered very incomplete and cannot be used to estimate total catches of sharks in the Indian Ocean, even for species for which partial data are available (IOTC) (IOTC 2006). Both A. superciliosus and A. pelagicus have been reported in the catches but as noted above, no information is available to estimate the magnitude of catches or trends.
Japanese assessment of data from research longline surveys in the Pacific and Indian Oceans suggests that thresher shark (Alopias spp.) catch per unit effort increased in the 1990s (to near one shark per 1,000 hooks) over levels in the 1970s (near zero sharks per 1,000 hooks). However, this result is thought to be possibly attributable to an increase in hook depths in the latter period. In recent years, based on logbook data, recorded Japanese catches of thresher sharks worldwide ranged from 252 to 596 mt with an average of 347 mt. The resource is considered stable with no management action required other than ongoing monitoring (Japan Fisheries Agency 2006). Coastal longline fishermen off the coast of Japan report that they retain thresher sharks preferentially over other sharks because of their lower urea content. One fishermen cited values of 250 USD per shark for thresher shark carcasses (Gilman et al. 2007).
Although complete data on are not available for evaluation from this region, this species is a known catch of many fisheries operating throughout much of its range in this region, as described above. Given that this species has high biological vulnerability and a low intrinsic rate of increase, coupled with the declines observed in other areas of its range, declines are inferred based on continuing high levels of exploitation.
|Conservation Actions:
In Northwest Atlantic US waters, the Bigeye Thresher Shark (Alopias superciliosus), has been listed as a Prohibited Species under the Fishery Management Plan of the Atlantic tunas, swordfish and sharks (NMFS 2003) since 2000. The U.S Fishery Management Plan for Highly Migratory Species by the NMFS provides a biennial review of the status of Bigeye Thresher with management contingent on the health of the stock (PFMC 2004). No catch guidelines are recommended at this time on the West coast of the USA.
Family Alopiidae is listed on Annex I, Highly Migratory Species, of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, which urges States to cooperate over the management of these species. No such management yet exists. Precautionary adaptive collaborative management of target and bycatch fisheries is urgently needed for this biologically vulnerable shark. It is also essential to improve data collection and develop stock assessments for this species. Listing on international resource management agreements, such as the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) could help to drive improvements in national and regional management and facilitate collaboration between states, for this species and other migratory sharks.
The adoption of shark finning bans by fishing states (e.g., USA, Australia), regional entities (EU) and regional fisheries organisations (e.g., ICCAT, IOTC, IATTC, WCPFC) is accelerating and should increasingly prevent the fishing of thresher sharks for their fins alone.
|Amorim, A., Baum, J., Cailliet, G.M., Clò, S., Clarke, S.C., Fergusson, I., Gonzalez, M., Macias, D., Mancini, P., Mancusi, C., Myers, R., Reardon, M., Trejo, T., Vacchi, M. & Valenti, S.V. 2009. Alopias superciliosus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T161696A5482468. . Downloaded on 25 September 2018.
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The Rifter® #59 shipped last Friday as scheduled. It is an outstanding issue with source material for the Xiticix™ Hivelands (new monsters and danger – the perfect companion for the Xiticix Invasion World Book), Splicers® (Gorehounds and Packmasters), Techno-Wizardru™ (items galore!), Palladium Fantasy RPG® (an adventure), Kezel abilities part two, and more. If you don't usually get The Rifter®, you will want The Rifter® #59. Seriously.
Rifts® Xiticix Invasion™ arrived on schedule last Friday as well. It is a fan favorite with everything you need to know about the Xiticix and the Hivelands, as well as details about Psi-Stalker tribes and Coalition operations in the area. The full description is toward the end of this Update.
This popular sourcebook updates and details the war between the people of the New German Republic and the Gargoyle Empire, and humanity is winning! In addition to new information about the NGR and the war, there are nearly 30 new Triax weapons and body armor, new giant robots and power armor, aircraft and a wide range of material suitable for campaigns abroad and elsewhere in the world. Don't forget, the Black Market smuggles some Triax combat gear into North America. The full description is found toward the end of this Update.
Another popular item is back in stock – the Rifts® Dice Bag. It is a sturdy, drawstring bag made of imitation black velvet emblazoned with the Rifts® logo in gold. 7x9 inches in size.
This book is truly epic. It is absolutely jam-packed with a vast range of new source material. There is page after page of dynamic new characters, O.C.C.s, weapons, armors, vehicles, random generation tables and information about the Black Market. As I said in the last Weekly Update, I think this sourcebook is destined to become a "must-have" title. And it is late. Sorry.
Try as we all did, we just couldn't get it to the printer this week. All of my artists – Mike Mumah, Brian Manning, Allen Manning, Amy L. Ashbaugh, Ben Rodriguez and Nick Bradshaw hit their deadlines and turned in gorgeous artwork. Chuck Walton is turning in the last of some additional illustrations this evening. The final editing and writing for the book is almost finished. We expect to wrap it up over the weekend. It WILL ship before Gen Con.
I hate to disappoint people, but I guess I'd rather disappoint you with delays than with an inferior product. Rifts® Black Market is nothing short of outstanding, thanks to the extra efforts of Carmen Bellaire, Julius Rosenstein, and the Palladium artists. We just kept adding material and going back into parts that were completely done and waiting for layout to make changes and additions so that Rifts® Black Market is as good as it can be. I hope you understand.
I still plan to dive into Rifts® Vampires Sourcebook the second I finish Rifts® Black Market, but it probably will not go to the printer till after Gen Con, making it a September release. This is another book that is going to surprise and please Rifts® fans, and may get expanded in size.
Yes, that means Rifts® Northern Gun™ One and Two may also be further delayed. But they too are going to blow your mind. Chuck Walton's art is as good or better than Lemuria, and the ideas, the power armor, the robots and source material . . . wow.
Activity at this site has been strong. This is your place to get PDFs of older product and sneak previews of upcoming books. As soon as we can do one, we'll be making a FREE Sneak Preview of Rifts® Black Market available. That will be next week. Many back issues of The Rifter® are available on DriveThruRPG.com (issues #1-52), as are more than 90 out of print titles such as Rifts®, BTS™ and Palladium Fantasy® first edition rule books and sourcebooks. A sneak preview of Rifts® Vampires Sourcebook and should also be coming soon. We plan to add a few more items in the coming months that should please Palladium gamers. We are also planning to move forward with PDF only editions of The Rifter® #0.1 and The Rifter® #0.2 – both are big, juicy digital editions of new, fan created material for the Palladium Megaverse® of games.
Don't forget, DriveThruRPG.com also offers the Rifts® and Palladium Fantasy® Game Master Kits (both written by Carl Gleba and complete with maps, combat matrix, character sheets, spell list, and 20 pre-rolled characters created by Julius Rosenstein; $5 each). Of course, there are FREE Sneak Previews of Endless Dead™, Rifts® Lemuria, Rifts® Vampire Kingdoms™, and Thundercloud Galaxy™, as well as 90+ out of print titles, including back issues of The Rifter®, and first edition rule books for Rifts®, Palladium Fantasy RPG®, Heroes Unlimited™, The Mechanoid Invasion® Trilogy, and lots of other good things. ALL available as PDF downloads at reasonable prices. And there is MORE to come.
We thought things would slow down, but all of a sudden we've been selling Palladium collectibles, along with Spider-Man, Batman, Star Wars and other action figures, like crazy.
Palladium Collectibles. There are only 4-5 copies of the Rifts® Machinations of Doom Gold collector's edition left to ever be put up for sale in the store and the latest one blew out in a couple of days. I may put up another and hang on to the rest for a while. Likewise, we are quickly running out of Rifts® RPG Silver Hardcovers, BTS Gold, Rifts® Ultimate Gold, and other items. We have less than a dozen of most, which is why we continue to dole them out one at a time. I have been putting up copies of the two Rifts® Lemuria hardcovers as well. This way people who missed the crowdfunding have an opportunity to get one. But these are super-limited and the books in the store are part of the around 200 copies printed for each of these books. If you recall, Palladium prints 48 extra of the color cover edition and 24 of the foil collector's edition. Staff and friends got a few, and what's left we've been putting up in the store and other special offers. Once they are sold out, they are GONE! Other collectibles include first printings of books, signed books, proofreader copies of books, original artwork, and other collectible odds and ends.
There are also a large number of collectible toys and action figures in my online store. All are from my personal collection. More toys and collectibles are added on a weekly basis.
I wrote this for The Rifter® #59, but it bears repeating for all to see; plus I've updated some of the material.
I think we're all afraid to say it, because saying it out loud might jinx it. And we don't want that to happen. So let me couch it in the form of a question:
Could 2012 really be Palladium Books' comeback year? Is this the year Palladium Books makes major strides in getting strong and growing the company?
We're not there yet, but we sure seem to be getting there quickly. And there are all kinds of things happening that would suggest the answer could be, yes.
We are publishing more new releases. Epic, fun and dynamic releases. Yes, we're behind schedule as usual it seems, but books that have come out, and the ones we are working on releasing in the months to come, are outstanding. Or at least, that's how we feel about them.
And there are a lot more where those have come from. We have ideas and plans for dozens of great books for Rifts®, Robotech®, Palladium Fantasy RPG®, Splicers®, Nightbane®, Beyond the Supernatural™, and all our game lines.
● Writer Josh Sinsapaugh is back writing for Palladium after a long hiatus. He has a nice Rifts® Xiticix™ article in The Rifter® #59, he just turned in a revamped Rifts® Deep South manuscript, and is about to start on a new book project. Welcome back, Josh!
● Writer Carmen Bellaire is back writing for Palladium. Carmen took the last 2-3 years off to work on some personal projects, but now he's back writing for Palladium. He's just turned in a wealth of weapons and equipment for Rifts® Black Market and Rifts® Northern Gun™, and I just gave him the greenlight to write FOUR new Rifts® books! Four.
● Writer Matthew Clements is coming back in the fall to work on a couple of new Rifts® books. He has taken the last six months off to pursue a couple of film projects. Yeah, Matt's been writing screenplays all spring and summer.
● Writer Carl Gleba is reinvigorated. He has just finished a secret book project and is providing additional gear and ideas for the two Northern Gun books. He then plans to get to work on a few new book ideas.
● Writer Greg Diaczyk is finishing up work on two Rifts® books and has gotten approval to start work on a Heroes Unlimited™ sourcebook.
● Writer Irvin Jackson and Robotech®. He is working on ideas for two new Robotech® sourcebooks, plus his Robotech® Genesis Pits Sourcebook is sitting here waiting to go into final production and be sent to the printer.
● Robotech® Game Pieces of Mecha and spaceships. Just a few weeks ago, Palladium Books has extended its current licensing agreement with Harmony Gold and has secured the rights to produce pewter game pieces of Robotech® mecha and ships. We are looking for capable sculptors and a manufacturer. We'd like to release of 1/285 scale mecha by spring 2013!
● Writer Brandon Aten is wrapping up work on Rifts® Sovietski and has plans for several Splicers® Sourcebooks. Yes, we plan to support Splicers® in a big way in 2013.
● Palladium's freelance artists are more dedicated and committed than ever. Each and every one of them is taking their craft to the next level. Chuck Walton, Amy L. Ashbaugh, Nick Bradshaw, Mike Mumah, Mark Dudley, Kent Burles, Allen Manning, Brian Manning, Ben Rodriguez, Mike Leonard, and other artists are all unleashing a new intensity of creative energy. You'll know what I'm talking about when the next batch of books hit store shelves.
● Artist John Zeleznik is knocking out one impressive cover after another for us. I need to assign him the next one.
● Artist Mark Evans is back and working on the two Beyond the Supernatural™ covers – Tome Grotesque™ and Beyond Arcanum™, plus a Heroes Unlimited™ cover. He took time off to deal with some personal matters and to work on a big tarot card project. Welcome back, Mark!
● And could it be? There have been rumblings from fan favorite artists Wayne Breaux Jr. and Mike Wilson about possibly doing some new work for Palladium Books next year.
● Crowdsource funding via Palladium's Megaverse® Insider offers has been a huge success too, putting unique, often collectible products and services into the hands of gamers, and helping Palladium to fund the release of select new titles, reprint out of stock titles, pay down debt and increase our advertising. Wow, talk about a win, win scenario for everyone involved. Beautiful.
● A few licensing deals may be happening for Palladium. Our agents at Surge Licensing was approached by two or three companies inquiring about some exciting licensing possibilities with Palladium intellectual properties (I.P.s). It is too soon to reveal what they are, but if they pan out . . . I think gamers will be pleased. On top of that, Palladium has been contacted directly by another two or three start-up companies with ideas for new products and markets. One of which is located in Spain! Again, it is too soon to speculate about them, but they are all promising and we are moving forward to see if they can be made into reality.
● Gen Con® Indy is in a few weeks. We hope to make some additional connections and contacts there, as well as see a lot of Palladium gamers dropping by to say hello, meet some of the artists and writers, pick up product, new and old, and get autographs.
This year's line-up of Palladium creators at the booth includes:
● Online sales have been up and down, but overall good, and distributor sales have been slowly increasing. Recent releases, like Rifts® Lemuria and Endless Dead™, were both well received. What am I saying? People went wild over Rifts® Lemuria and loved Endless Dead™.
I know I've been saying for a while there is an energy and excitement in the air at Palladium, but it is real and it is exciting. Very, very exciting. Ideas on a vast number of things have been flying around for months. There are a half-dozen secret projects being developed (the possibility of doing Robotech® mecha figures was one of them) and it seems like new ideas and opportunities are cropping up on a regular basis.
If none of this gets your heart pumping, I don't know what will. Keep the faith and game on!
– Kevin Siembieda, Publisher
The Megaverse® Insider crowdfunding offer for Rifts® Northern Gun™ TWO enables you to purchase special, collectible and fun items and opportunities not available to the general public and help fund Palladium projects at the same time.
● Cat. No. 12021 – Inside Help (your name listed in the book): $5.
● Cat. No. 12022 – In Memoriam (name of a departed loved one listed in the book as a tribute to their memory): $5.
● Cat. No. 12023 – A "Real" Character Tribute (your character's name listed in the book): $10.
● Cat. No. 12024 – Cyber-Insider PDF (a digital file of the book): $15.
● Cat. No. 12025 – Palladium Insider Hardcover (Hardcover with color cover; fewer than 200 to be printed): $50.
● Cat. No. 12026 – Steel Insider 2 Collector's Hardcover (Collectors' "Steel Blue" foil Hardcover; fewer than 200 to be printed): $75.
● Cat. No. 12027 – Steel-Plus Insider 2 (Collectors' Steel Blue Hardcover & PDF): $90.
● Cat. No. 12028 – Top Insider (PDF, Hardcover with color cover, Steel Blue Hardcover, & 17x11 print of the wraparound cover): $145.
● Cat. No. 12029 – Ultimate Insider (PDF, Hardcover with color cover, Steel Blue Collectors' Hardcover, small dragon sketch in book, 4 b/w prints [different from those in Lemuria & NG-1 offers], 17x11 color print of wraparound cover + brief telephone call from Kevin): $250.
● Cat. No. 12030 – Benefactor (PDF, Hardcover with color cover, Collectors' Steel Blue Foil Hardcover, black and white KS dragon sketch on a separate sheet of paper, signed [by Kevin Siembieda] and numbered color print of the wraparound cover, 8 prints [different from those in Lemuria & NG-1 offers], Chuck Walton "original art" from Northern Gun™ 2 or Northern Gun™ 1, and a long telephone call with Siembieda): $500.
● Cat. No. NG-UB-2 – Ultimate Benefactor. Sold.
Such "crowdfunding" offers are a new way for companies to raise funds for major releases, like Northern Gun™ One and Two. Moneys made above and beyond our projected goals for each specific project are applied to paying off debt, increasing promotion and advertising, creating other new products and so on. This is the LAST crowdfunding offer for the year. The Rifts® Northern Gun™ TWO Megaverse® Insider offer is going on now and runs till July 30, 2012. The items offered are only available during this crowdfunding period. NOTE: All special items and prints (unless stated otherwise) are new and different from the previous Rifts® Lemuria and Northern Gun™ One Insider offers. Each new offer contains its own unique set of collectibles and keepsakes. Get 'em while you can. Available NOW through MONDAY, July 30, 2012.
Click here for the complete descriptions and to place orders.
The Rifter® Number 59 examines the deadly, the weird and the magical. Much of the material is suitable for use in multiple settings or easy to adapt. Enjoy.
Everyone at Palladium has a Rifts® Dice Bag, shouldn't you? It is a good size, sturdy, drawstring bag made of imitation black velvet emblazoned with the famous Rifts® logo in gold.
Rifts® Black Market™ is an epic, 192 page sourcebook that contains a wealth of information about the inner workings of the Black Market, the Five Factions, new Bandito Arms/Black Market weapons and gear, how to make any O.C.C. a Black Marketeer, special abilities of the Black Marketeer, criminal enterprises, Black Market loans, merc and crime jobs, and much more. This book has it all. AND best of all, a lot of it can be easily adapted to just about any world setting, not just Rifts Earth.
In final production right now. Unknown to most humans, deep within Mexico the vampires have established entire kingdoms. There they live like tyrants and gods, dominating an underclass of cattle people used as slaves and food stock. Learn more about the vampires, their rivals, allies and the humans who willingly serve their supernatural masters for a chance to join the undead. A must-have guide for those who wish to travel deeper into the Vampire Kingdoms or play as vampires and their human minions.
Northern Gun™ is the largest independent manufacturer of high-tech weapons, robots and vehicles in North America. Outside of the Coalition States, one could argue, no other kingdom is as powerful or influential, at least when it comes to technology and weapons. The manufacture and sale of Northern Gun weapons and vehicles has given virtually every kingdom, town, colony of settlers and adventurer group a chance to survive and prosper. Located in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, NG has been the premier outfitter of mercenaries, adventurers and upstart kingdoms for generations. Now, for the first time ever, learn Northern Gun's history, goals and plans for the future. Of course, that means new weapons, robots, power armor, vehicles and gear.
More information about the weapons, vehicles and practices of Northern Gun, including the new rage of Robot Gladiatorial combat.
An in-depth look at the Invid Genesis Pits, their purpose, function and the creatures they create.
The Minion War spills across Rifts Earth, where demons and infernals hope to recruit allies and use the Rifts as gateways of destruction. Their influence shakes things up across the planet, especially at locations where demons and Deevils already have a strong presence. Demons, Deevils and supernatural beings run rampant and wreak havoc across the world.
This is a great resource for getting out of print Palladium titles and other select books. We've made 90 titles available as PDF digital downloads from DriveThruRPG.com. This is a great way to try Palladium products and get access to out of print RPG source material. Some notable titles include.
The following are in development:
Earth is home to thousands of alien species from beyond the Rifts. One of the strangest and most dangerous is the Xiticix. A danger nobody seemed to realize until the sprawling Hivelands began to encroach on the territories of other people. Armed with new breeds of aggressive warriors, new weapons and legions of insectoids willing to fight to the death, people are beginning to wonder if they are the next threat to humanity.
The war between the people of the New German Republic and the Gargoyle Empire rages on, but only the heroes of the NGR seem to be getting the upper hand. See where things stand in the year 109 P.A. and get a closer look at the NGR Army, government, society and people. This World Book also presents the latest weapons, combat vehicles, power armor and robots of the NGR as well as commercial vehicles, robot helpers, and more.
Archie 3 and Hagan Lonovich are two of the most beloved villains (anti-heroes?) in the Rifts Earth setting. This sourcebook highlights their strange relationship, plots and blunders. One of which is inadvertently unleashing The Mechanoids® into the world!
The Mechanoids have one driving goal: To destroy all humanoid life! This book has it all. Source material, the Mechanoids, new equipment, monsters, adventure and cryptic prophecies.
The Coalition's siege on Tolkeen has had a devastating impact on people across North America. None have been more affected than the Cyber-Knights. This sourcebook reveals not only the history and secrets of the Cyber-Knights, but the schism the war has created among the fabled warriors.
Endless Dead™ is a new 96 page sourcebook that will send your Dead Reign™ campaign in new directions or add depth (and zombies). What are you waiting for? Order your copy today. And if you haven't taken a look at the Dead Reign™ RPG yet, but love zombies, you need to give this dynamic game a try.
● New! Rifts® Pencil – Cat. No. 2561 – 50 cents per each pencil. People love this item and often buy them in sets of 10. Enjoy.
● New! Palladium Fantasy RPG® Coffee Mug – red on a black, 15.5 ounce mug – Cat. No. 2560 – $10.00.
● New! Dead Reign™: "Survive or Die Trying" T-Shirt – Cat. No. 2556 – price varies with size: Medium: $18.95, Large: $18.95, XL: $18.95, 2XL: $20.95, 3XL: $22.95, 4XL: $24.95, 5XL: $26.95
● New! Rifts® Wilk's Laser Technologies™ Logo T-Shirt – Cat. No. 2557 – price varies with size: Medium: $18.95, Large: $18.95, XL: $18.95, 2XL: $20.95, 3XL: $22.95, 4XL: $24.95, 5XL: $26.95
● New! Imagination Unleashed T-Shirt – black image on a red T-shirt – No. 2558 – price varies with size: Medium: $18.95, Large: $18.95, XL: $18.95, 2XL: $20.95, 3XL: $22.95, 4XL: $24.95, 5XL: $26.95
● New! Rifts® Northern Gun™ Logo T-Shirt – Cat. No. 2559 – price varies with size: Medium: $18.95, Large: $18.95, XL: $18.95, 2XL: $20.95, 3XL: $22.95, 4XL: $24.95, 5XL: $26.95
● Property of the Coalition™ T-Shirt – Cat. No. 2528 – price varies with size: Medium: $18.95, Large: $18.95, XL: $18.95, 2XL: $20.95, 3XL: $22.95, 4XL: $24.95, 5XL: $26.95
- Old Ones™ for Palladium Fantasy® – Cat. No. 453
- Wolfen Empire for Palladium Fantasy® – Cat. No. 471
- Mutant Underground™ for Heroes Unlimited™ – Cat. No. 520
- Rifts® Mercenaries – Cat. No. 813
- Rifts® Splynn Dimensional Market™ – Cat. No. 836
- Rifts® Free Quebec™ – Cat. No. 837
- Rifts® Three Galaxies™ – Cat. No. 851
- Rifts® Black Vault™ – Cat. No. 855
- Rifts® Triax™ 2 – Cat. No. 881
- Rifts® Sourcebook 2: The Mechanoids® – Cat. No. 805
- Rifts® Coalition Wars® 4: Cyber-Knights™ – Cat. No. 842
- Rifts® Viticix Invasion™ – Cat. No. 838
- Rifts® Triax™ Two – Cat. No. 881
The following new Rifts® miniatures have never before been released by Palladium Books.
● MI8021 – Rifts® Shadow Beast – $12.00
● MI8022 – Rifts® Mystic Knight – $6.00
● MI8023 – Rifts® Lord Magus – $6.00
● MI8024 – Rifts® High Magus – $6.00
● MI8025 – Rifts® Coalition Psi-Stalker (new-style Dead Boy armor) – $6.00
● MI8026 – Rifts® Coalition Dog Boy in DPM-D1 Armor – $6.00
● MI8027 – Rifts® Coalition Dog Boy #2 (with energy rifle) – $6.00
● MI8028 – Rifts® Coalition Dog Boy #3 (with rifle and Vibro-Knife) – $6.00
● MI8029 – Rifts® Coalition Dog Boy #4 (German Shepherd with rifle and Vibro-Claws) – $6.00
● MI8030 – Rifts® Coalition Dog Boy #5 (Bulldog with energy rifle and Vibro-Claws) – $6.00
The following favorite Rifts® miniatures are back in stock. Some, like the Glitter Boy, have sold on the collector's market for as much as $50-$120. They are being re-released for the first time in a decade.
● MI8031 – Rifts® Glitter Boy Power Armor – $20.00; this is a large, heavy figure.
● MI8032 – Rifts® Glitter Boy Pilot – $6.00
● MI8033 – Rifts® Kydian Overlord (Atlantis) – $20.00; this is a large, heavy figure.
● MI8034 – Rifts® Dragonsaurus (Atlantis) – $10.00
● MI8035 – Rifts® Slaver and Slave (Atlantis); 2 figs, no plastic bases – $10.00
● MI8036 – Rifts® Crazy – $6.00
● MI8037 – Rifts® Juicer #1 (with laser pistol) – $6.00
● MI8038 – Rifts® Juicer #2 (with Vibro-Sword) – $6.00
● MI8039 – Rifts® Cyborg #1 (with Rail Gun) – $12.00
● MI8040 – Rifts® Cyborg #2 (with gun hands) – $12.00
● MI8041 – Rifts® Cyborg #3 – $6.00
● MI8042 – Rifts® Coalition Officer (old armor) – $6.00
● MI8043 – Rifts® Coalition Grunt #1 (old armor) – $6.00
● MI8044 – Rifts® Coalition Grunt #2 (old armor) – $6.00
● MI8045 – Rifts® Coalition Grunt #3 (old armor) – $6.00
© Copyright 2012 Palladium Books Inc. All rights reserved.
Rifts®, The Rifter®, RECON®, Splicers®, Palladium Books®, The Palladium Fantasy Role-Playing Game®, Phase World®, Nightbane®, Megaverse®, The Mechanoids®, The Mechanoid Invasion®, Coalition Wars® and After the Bomb® are Registered Trademarks of Palladium Books Inc. Beyond the Supernatural™, Chaos Earth, Coalition States, Dead Reign, Heroes Unlimited, Ninjas & Superspies, Minion War, Mysteries of Magic, SAMAS, Thundercloud Galaxy, Three Galaxies, Vampire Kingdoms, Warpath, and other published book titles, names, slogans and likenesses are trademarks of Palladium Books Inc., and Kevin Siembieda.
Robotech® and Robotech® The Shadow Chronicles® are Registered Trademarks of Harmony Gold USA, Inc.
This press release may be reprinted, reposted, linked and shared for the sole purpose of advertising, promotion and sales solicitation.

subset: commoncrawl


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Google Engineer Fired For Spying On Teen Users; Serious Privacy Concerns Raised
from the privacy-concerns dept
What's still rather alarming, however, is that this was possible, and that, despite all of Google's claims of security and procedures to keep these things from happening, the news did not come out until Google was alerted to the actions by parents of some of the teens involved. Google is notoriously secretive on these issues, and its "statement" on this matter, frankly, is pretty weak:
"We dismissed David Barksdale for breaking Google's strict internal privacy policies. We carefully control the number of employees who have access to our systems, and we regularly upgrade our security controls--for example, we are significantly increasing the amount of time we spend auditing our logs to ensure those controls are effective. That said, a limited number of people will always need to access these systems if we are to operate them properly--which is why we take any breach so seriously."That doesn't explain anything about how Google makes sure these kinds of things won't happen again. I certainly can understand that there's always going to need to be some people who can access certain systems, but the question is what Google does to make sure that access is not just limited, but monitored to avoid serious abuses like this. At a time when Google is under such strict scrutiny for privacy issues, this news and Google's response are simply unacceptable.


text:
Thanks to the third world ox path known as New York Avenue, the VT van bounced like a Harlem Globetrotter basketball past King Kullen on the way to Hecksher Park. Mercifully the tropical air had drained back to someplace south and sultry leaving a stunning summer day in its wake. Perfect for a late afternoon in the park with music lined up by the Huntington Arts Council and the Folk Music Society of Huntington. Taking the stage tonight would be Susan Werner and Vance Gilbert. These two are not necessarily household names, but those in the know had been telling friends that this was a must-see event. Testing the limits of common sense and sense of humor, the VT brought nearly the entire brood along including the terrible two year old who had spent the day so far beating up her four year old sister and biting the dog. Soon the picnic blanket was soaked with lemonade and the shrimp cocktail sauce was peppered with sand. Still the weather was grand, the crowd was full of neighbors and even the soundcheck was entertaining.
Vance took the stage first and proved to be as entertaining as he is gifted musically. He beseeched the crowd for help getting his material in front of Billy Joel and promised to return for intimate gatherings in Hechcher Park even after becoming rich when Billy Joel and Aaron Neville discover and perform his songs.
Susan Werner joined in after about 45 minutes. Werner's voice ranges from Alanis Morisette unplugged to Melissa Etheridge. Besides a great voice she has a wicked dry midwestern sense of humor and deadpan delivery. A perfect straight man for Gilbert's flights of fantasy. The music they made together was even better than the very funny dialogue they shared between songs.
The night ended too soon thanks to the aforementioned two-year old and her own incessant high-pitched monologue that seemed to be wearing thin on the good natured folks sitting around our sticky lemon-scented blanket. We did out best to slink out, and near as we could tell the performers onstage didn't notice our exit but a few of the people around us might have. We bounced back down New York Avenue with the windows open, the big dipper overhead and the two year old finally taking a snooze.
The Huntington Arts Council and Folk Music Society of Huntington delivered a fantastic pair of performers Saturday night. Write down and remember Susan Werner and Vance Gilbert, they're great musicians and a hoot to boot.
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When KREON figures meet the TRANSFORMERS brand, the result is MICRO-CHANGERS!
Which KREON MICRO-CHANGERS figures are in these mystery packs? Each bag includes an amazing KREON figures that have 2 modes, just like the mighty TRANSFORMERS robots - but their identities are a secret! These mystery packs are perfect for a special birthday party, other special occasion, or to simply collect all 6 characters. Case pack includes 32 individual mystery figure packs. (purchase of case pack does not guarantee all 6 unique characters).
- MICRO-CHANGERS figures have 2 modes!
- KREON meets TRANSFORMERS!
- 6 possible figures SPINISTER, SUNSTORM, WASPINATOR, GALVATRON, CRANKSTART or SCORPONOK figure!
- Case Pack Includes 32 figures.


text:
2015 Bow Sale
Black Friday & Cyber Monday
Blind Accessories
Bow Holders
Broadhead Accessories
Broadhead Blades
Broadhead Replacement Blades
Crossbow Cases
Crossbow Scopes
Crossbow Slings
Decoy Accessories
Do Not Use
Game Processing
Hearing Enhancers
Ladies - Baselayers
Ladies - Parkas
Mens - Hoodies/sweatshirts
Noise Reduction
Paint/face Paint
Quiver Accessories
Raw Shafts - Hunting
Raw Shafts - Target
Safes - Drop Ship
Stabilizer Accessories
Targets - 3d
Targets - Bag/cubed
Targets - Paper
Youth - Arrows
Youth - Raw Shafts
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By Jennifer Dobner
SALT LAKE CITY (Reuters) - A Utah parent has sued her school district in federal court challenging the constitutionality of restrictions imposed on student access to a library book about a lesbian couple raising a family.
"In Our Mothers' House" by author Patricia Polacco was removed from Davis School District library shelves and placed behind the counter last spring after complaints from some parents that a lifestyle they viewed as aberrant was favorably depicted in the book.
Under a decision made by a district committee in April, the book remains in its school library collections, but students need permission from their parents to check it out.
School officials acknowledge no similar limits have been placed on other titles in the library inventories of the Davis district, which encompasses an area north of Salt Lake City.
Parent Tina Weber objected to the restrictions, and attorneys for the American Civil Liberties Union filed a lawsuit on her behalf in U.S. District Court in Salt Lake City on Tuesday, saying the policy amounts to "prior restraint" that violates her children's free-speech rights.
No hearings have been set in the case, for which the ACLU is seeking class-action status.
Utah is not the first place parents have raised concerns about Polacco's book, which was published in 2009. A 2011 report by the ACLU of Texas showed "In Our Mothers' House" was banned in several schools in that state.
The Utah lawsuit asserts that by restricting access to a book based on its depiction of a family with same-sex parents, "the district has placed a discriminatory burden on the students' ability to access fully protected speech."
"Even worse, restricting access to 'In Our Mothers' House' and segregating it from the rest of the library collection places an unconstitutional stigma on the book and the students who wish to read it," the lawsuit says.
Weber has two children who attend Windridge Elementary School, where other parents first complained about the book, and she gave her youngsters permission to check it out.
Their ages are not specified in the lawsuit, but the legal director for the ACLU's Utah chapter said Weber read the story together with her 6-year-old daughter.
District officials have not yet been served with the lawsuit and cannot comment on its contents, spokesman Chris Williams told Reuters on Wednesday.
"We still feel very comfortable with the process we followed, which is laid out in district policy," Williams said. "We still believe that at no time did we take parents out of the driver's seat. Parents still have the opportunity, if they want their child to read the book, to get it. It's not on the shelves, but it's accessible."
Parents were informed by letter of the restricted access after a district panel voted 6-1 in favor of requiring permission slips to check out the book. An elementary school committee of parents and educators decided earlier to allow only children in grades 3 and up to read the book.
"I was shocked when I heard that a handful of parents had made a decision about whether everyone else's kids could have access to this book," Weber said in a statement issued through Utah's ACLU office.
District officials have said that leaving the book on the library shelves would run afoul of Utah state sex education laws that prohibit any advocacy of homosexuality in the school curriculum. The district argues that curriculum extends to its library collections.
The ACLU lawsuit argues that library books are not curriculum materials and that including the book in library offerings does not amount to an endorsement of homosexuality.
The author of numerous award-winning children's books, Polacco has said she wrote the "In Our Mothers' House" after attending a school assembly where a child was silenced for speaking out about her same-sex parents.
(Editing by Steve Gorman and Cynthia Osterman)


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US 41 open again after Hopkins County derailment
US 41 open again after Hopkins County derailment
MADISONVILLE, Ky. —
A train derailment shut down a federal highway in western Kentucky for much of the weekend.
The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet said U.S. 41 was reopened to traffic late Sunday night in Hopkins County.
Late Saturday afternoon, about 15 train cars derailed at a crossing, blocking the highway between U.S. 62 in Nortonville and Ky. 813 in Morton's Gap. Traffic was rerouted onto the Pennyrile Parkway.
Keith Todd of the transportation cabinet said the road will have to be closed again later in the week to allow removal of the remaining rail cars.


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Acc Performance Boss Hog GM Outlaw Torque Converter 2800-3200 RPM Stall - TH350
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Get to know Cindi Black Rodgers, candidate for Marceline R-5 school board.
Biography: I moved to Marceline when I was six years old in 1979, and graduated from MHS in 1991 before earning bachelor's and master's degrees in Education from the University of Missouri-Columbia. I taught business at Marceline High School for eight years. After the untimely death of my dad, I felt the need to change career paths. Currently a full-time Allstate Insurance agent, I teach business courses through North Central Missouri College in Trenton. I am married to Bill Rodgers and have two children, Cassi (age 7) and Cody (age 4). I have served for many years on the Marceline Education Foundation and Marceline Booster Club, working for school-related causes I believe in strongly.
First Issue: As a Marceline R-5 Board member, two issues I find important are the district preschool and the school accountability system (MSIP).
The Marceline Early Learning Center has proved a great addition to the District. My four-year-old son attends each day, and I've seen first-hand the positive impact on his learning. As kindergarten readiness becomes increasingly important to schools, I think curriculum development at the preschool level deserves our attention. What the Marceline ELC staff has started in the four-year-old room, including sight word recognition and technology skills through the one-to-one iPad initiative, is impressive and beneficial to our area families.
Second Issue: The Missouri School Improvement Program (MSIP) has existed for over twenty years to review and accredit public school districts in Missouri. Now entering its fifth cycle, MSIP 5 ties to Annual Performance Reports (APRs), which review every public Missouri district to recognize high-performing districts as models and determine what support is needed elsewhere. Seeking to promote continuous improvement and communicate clearly to stakeholders (community members, parents, school employees, etc.), MSIP 5 evaluates districts on categories like the following: test results, advanced course offerings, college and career education placement, graduation and attendance rates, class size ratios, and staff qualifications. Because MSIP 5 will drive many factors related to school success, I feel it is crucial for board members to understand. Demands for student achievement grow increasingly rigorous under MSIP 5; students are being tested more and the expectations are stricter than in years past. With this change in student requirements, more will be asked of school staff through a changing teacher evaluation process. With these changes in MSIP 5 to ensure all students are ready for college and/or career upon high school graduation, we want Marceline to receive the Accreditation with Distinction classification as we have the past ten out of eleven years. I believe board members can better serve the district with a clear understanding of school accountability.


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Yohoo... durian season is here! Lets begin the durian feast. I did not have any chances to feast on durian for the past three years when living in Sydney. So... this year is time for revenge! Actually durian is also available in Sydney, but they are all frozen Thai durian which are less "smelly". Since some of you may be new to durian, I have insert a link to wikipedia, where detailed description and information about durian is available.
I have submitted this photo for June-08 CLICK event: CLICK YELLOW. This month's CLICK is linked to a BREAST CANCER FUNDRAISER for Briana Brownlow of Figs with Bri. Please visit Jugalbandi for detailed information on photography contest and donation to Briana.
Sponge Cake Base
½ cup all purpose flour
2 eggs
1 tsp ovalette (optional)
⅓ cup castor sugar
¼ cup cold milk (full cream)
1 tsp vanilla essence
Pinch of salt
- Line and grease a 8" spring form baking pan. Preheat oven to 175ºC.
- Beat eggs for 1 minute, add in ovalette and sugar then continue to beat until the mixture is pale in colour.
- Stir in milk and vanilla essence, fold in sifted flour and salt.
- Bake for 12-15 minutes, cool on rack.
Durian Pudding
1 cup milk
80g sugar
1½ tsp agar-agar powder (mix with ¼ cup water)
2 egg yolks
2 tbsp custard powder
½ tbsp gelatine powder (dilute in 2 tbsp hot water)
½ cup durian puree (I added some chunk)
- Heat milk with sugar until it boils. Add in agar-agar mixture and bring to boil.
- Turn the heat down, add in egg yolks and custard powder. Cook until it thickens
- Stir in gelatine mixture and durian puree. Mix until well blended.
1. Trim the top of the sponge cake if desired.
2. Place the cake back into the spring form pan, pour in pudding mixture.
3. Cool and keep in refrigerator before serving.


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Welcome to the 2D Game Development Tutorial with XNA Game Studio. This tutorial will guide you through the creation of a two-dimensional action game – called Shooter – on Windows, Xbox 360, or Windows Phone 7.
This tutorial will take about 90 minutes to complete. In this tutorial, you'll be using the C# programming language. Previous knowledge in programming is helpful, but not required. If you'd like a quick primer on the language features we'll be using, you can consult the Visual C# Center on MSDN.
To get started, it's an easy three-step process.
For Windows 7 / Windows Vista users:
If you're using Windows 7 or Windows Vista, there's only one step you need to take:
That's all you need to get started! XNA Game Studio is included in the tools, and will work for Windows, Xbox 360, and Windows Phone 7.
(Optional) If you want to apply the latest updates, see the Xbox LIVE Indie Games Getting Started page and follow the directions under the "Download the Free Tools" heading.
For Windows XP users:
If you're using Windows XP, you will only be able to develop your games for Windows and Xbox 360. You will need to perform the following steps:
XNA Game Studio gives you the power to make games on Windows, Xbox 360, or Windows Phone 7. Depending on the platform you choose, there may be some additional requirements.
Develop your Game on Windows
No extra requirements – you're ready to download the project!
Develop your Game on Xbox 360
If you want to develop on Xbox 360:
Download the Projectdownload the project choose the download for your platform
To jump right into coding, just download the pre-made project with content already linked in below, for the platform of your choice.
Once the download is complete, unzip it to a folder you choose and open the enclosed .sln file with Visual Studio 2010.
|Project and Content - Windows
|Project and Content - for Xbox 360
Now that you have the project downloaded and the tools installed, double-click the Shooter.sln file that you unzipped from the project, and then move onto the next step where we'll show you some hints on game design, then dive into making Shooter from scratch.
var gDomain='m.webtrends.com'; var gDcsId='dcschd84w10000w4lw9hcqmsz_8n3x'; var gTrackEvents=1; var gFpc='WT_FPC'; /*<\/scr"+"ipt>");} /*]]>*/


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Along with former Penguin Janne Pesonen, it looks like failed Colorado goalie David Aebischer will be trying to make a come back with the Jets this year. James O'Brien of Pro Hockey Talk notes this morning that Winnipeg has invited the Swiss born puck stopper to camp on a try-out basis.
For those who don't remember, Aebischer was the guy expected to take over from Patrick Roy when the hall of famer retired. He did well in his first season as the Avs starter: appearing in 62 games, winning 32 and garnering an impressive .924 SV%. That season would be the peak in Aebischer's career, however. In 2005-06, he shared time with Peter Budaj and stopped just 90% of the pucks he faced. He would never recover from that disappointing season, moving on to Montreal where he was deployed as a nominal back-up for several seasons. He eventually ended up in the AHL playing for the Phoenix Coyotes affiliate the San Antonio spurs before fleeing back to his home country. Aebischer has been backstopping Lugano of the Swiss-A league ever since.
The Jets decision to invite Aebischer back for a try-out is somewhat bizarre. He hasn't even been particularly dominant in his current league either: in fact, he played just 36 games for Lugano last season and finished with a ghastly .885 save rate. He is 32-yeas old so there's no chance he'll suddenly take a step forward. It's also not like the team has a need at that position: Chris Mason and Ondrej Pavelec are capable, established NHL goaltenders. The chances of Aebischer usurping either one of them is nil.
The risk is non-existant, but so is the potential "reward". Maybe they Jets decision makers want a busy training camp.


text: Ash Ketchum is on a mission to become the world's greatest Pokemon trainer. Although he's successfully captured many of the 151 types of electrically charged Pokemons, each possessing its own unique powers, his greatest challenge lies ahead of him. Can he and his friends Misty, Brock and Pikachu conquer the all-powerful Mewtwo, a bio-engineered Pokemon who plans to rule the galaxy with his own strain of super-charged Pokemons?


text:
When Diddy Does Burning Man, He Does It With a Pink Parasol and a Golden Glove
Also, a golden glove.
If you've been following Diddy for some time now (Puff Daddy >P Diddy > Diddy, etc.), you'll know that to see him at Burning Man is basically expected. He loves a weird 'ol time. But did he fully engage in the festivities? No shower and all? You decide:
Here he is! Under a pink parasol and wearing a suspiciously fresh white tee. It's hot out there!
In a golden glove. "I'll never be the same," he wrote on his Instagram.
"He is an art installation himself," wrote Vice's Andrew Freston, who caught him on Instagram.


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Urnex is the manufacturer of a diverse line of coffee and espresso machine cleaning agents. Out of all of their cleaning products, the most well known has become their Cafiza line. This line of cleaning powder and tablets has been the industry standard for years. Recently Urnex has added two more cleaners to their line up: the Puro line as well as Full Circle. It is the Full Circle line of cleaners from Urnex that has brought forth a new era in coffee cleaning products. Created out of a desire for increased environmental consciousness and sustainability, the Full Circle line avoids the use of any products derived from petroleum and phosphates while keeping the same standards of cleaning efficiency found in the other Urnex product lines. It's hard to go wrong with a cleaner machine and a cleaner planet.


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BBC News
- Brexit: Labour 'would back members' on new vote, says Corbyn
- Buckingham Palace: Man arrested over 'Taser'
- Girl with allergy dies after Pret baguette
- Mike Ashley blames greed for House of Fraser store closures
- Meghan's first date dress was her 'something blue'
- Robert Peston's 'guilt' at finding love after wife's death
- Chas and Dave: Dave Peacock pays tribute to bandmate
- PPI fuelling fraud culture, says Barclays boss
- Worcester student missing: Men in CCTV identified
- Sky: Comcast outbids Fox with £30bn bid for broadcaster
- Grenfell Tower: Homeless man charged with fraud
- British 'pharmacist who joined IS' is detained in Syria
- Life as a medical photographer at Addenbrooke's Hospital
- Labour Conference: Can Jeremy Corbyn keep the party united?
- The Bodyguard: Meet the real-life close protection officer
- Why I'm happy 'living flat' after breast cancer
- Spanish classes for toddlers teach kids languages early
- 'Groomed aged 13 by hundreds of men on Kik'
- Three mums talk about breastfeeding in public
- BBC News Channel
- How familial DNA trapped a murderer for the first time
- Jamie Chadwick races again for first time since historic win
- The tea tycoon who was 'the world's best loser'
- Who was the mysterious gardener Miss Harrison?
- Home truths for NI Secretary of State Karen Bradley
- Premier League shirts row: The fickle fashions of sponsorship
- Goldman Sachs wants your piggy bank
- The couple helping hedgehogs back into the wild
- Crazy Rich Asians: What it's really like being British East Asian
Below we are listing a number of UK job websites that have full-time and part-time job opportunities available in the WIELD area.
Fish4 Jobs
JobSeekers (Direct.Gov.uk)
http://api.indeed.com/ads/apisearch?publisher=4773927896266615&q=&l=SO24 9RX&sort=&radius=5&st=&jt=&start=&limit=10&fromage=&filter=&latlong=1&co=gb&chnl=AVUK&userip=22.214.171.124&useragent=CCBot/2.0 (https://commoncrawl.org/faq/)&v=2
Jobs at IndeedWarning: Invalid argument supplied for foreach() in D:\Webvirtual\ANYWeb\www\Wordpress\wp-content\plugins\shortcode-exec-php\shortcode-exec-php-class.php(895) : eval()'d code on line 9
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text:
Robert Carradine was cited with careless driving in a crash that injured the "Revenge of the Nerds" star and his wife in Colorado, authorities said Thursday.
The wreck happened March 5 near Dolores, in the state's southwestern corner.
According to the Colorado State Patrol, the 60-year-old actor crossed into the oncoming lane on Colorado Highway 145, crashing into a tractor-trailer.
Carradine and his wife, Edith, were both hurt, but their injuries were not life-threatening, Trooper Josh Lewis told The Associated Press. The truck driver, 59-year-old Richard Clayton of Wisconsin, wasn't injured, Lewis said.
The Carradines were both wearing seat belts....


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IKEA has announced that it will install electric vehicle (EV) charge points in all of its UK stores.
IKEA is working with car maker Nissan and green energy provider Ecotricity to install rapid charge points in its car parks so customers can charge while they shop. The charging points can power an EV battery from zero to 80% in just 30 minutes.
The move comes after the retail giant conducted research that revealed one in six British people would switch to driving an EV if there were more charge points available.
EVs are an important part of IKEA's sustainability strategy aim, which is to produce as much renewable energy as it consumes by 2020. The company already uses hybrid vehicles in its UK delivery fleets, and in June this year IKEA installed EV charge points in 11 of its stores in France, through a similar partnership with DBT-CEV and Nissan.
Joanna Yarrow, Head of Sustainability, IKEA UK and Ireland, said in a statement: "At IKEA we believe electric vehicles have a significant part to play in a more sustainable future. We know that our customers want to live more sustainably and that extends to how they get to and from our stores. By installing more charging points and strengthening the infrastructure nationally, we believe we can start to tackle one of the major barriers to using electric cars which is the fear of not finding a convenient place to charge the car."
IKEA published its ambitious sustainability strategy People & Planet Positive in October, which is designed to be an integrated part of its long-term growth and delivery up to 2020. While the retailer has since opened wind farms around Europe including Poland and Sweden as part of the global strategy, last month IKEA chose the UK to launch the sale of home solar systems in its stores.
Editor's Note: EarthTechling is proud to repost this article courtesy of The Climate Group.


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Danville mom accused of beating, killing 2-month-old son
Danville mom accused of beating, killing 2-month-old son
DANVILLE, Va. —
A 21-year-old woman faces murder and child abuse charges after her 2-month-old son was beaten to death, Danville police said.
Michelle Lynn Pruitt of Danville was indicted by a grand jury Monday in connection with an incident reported April 19.
Police found Alphonza O'Brien Fuller III unresponsive when they responded to a call around 1 p.m. at Woodside Village Apartments on Piney Forest Road.
Alphonza was later pronounced dead, and the medical examiner ruled the cause of death as homicide by blunt-force trauma.
Pruitt, Alphonza's mother, was charged with one count of felony murder and two counts of child abuse and neglect. She was held without bond in the Danville City Jail.


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Louisiana, Miss. among 29 states with lots of flu
Louisiana, Miss. among 29 states with lots of flu
The early start to flu season that's sweeping the country hasn't spared Louisiana and Mississippi.
While the outlook for the rest of the season isn't clear, experts are encouraging people to take precautions such as getting a flu shot and making it a practice to wash hands often to prevent the spread of germs.
Both states are among 29 reporting high levels of flu-like illness. Although 18 children nationwide have died from the flu since early October, none were in Mississippi or Louisiana.
State epidemiologists in Louisiana and Mississippi said emergency rooms have not reported having to turn away patients because of high numbers of flu cases, as happened at Chicago-area hospitals.