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I hope my readers will forgive me today for lapsing back into my prior profession rather than my present one as an energy and environmental writer. You see, before I gained fame and fortune writing about our ecological situation, I was a mild-mannered college teacher, whose favorite and most important job was teaching rhetoric to undergraduates.
I am perhaps odd in observing that I thought that teaching writing was the most important thing I did. Most academics believe their primary subject matter is the central portion of their work, but I came to see that the place that I had the greatest impact on students was in teaching them to write, because functionally, the best way to teach people to write well is to teach them to think clearly, or, if they have already mastered that exercise, to clearly express the thought process they used to come to a conclusion.
Teaching students to write and communicate well was thus, extraordinarily rewarding. Students often made enormous and quick progress, once they realized what the mistakes they were making were, why they were making them (ie, the answer is not "you are stupid, or you should already know this) and how to correct them. Almost no other subject was as much fun to teach. Nor were any subjects as important – someone with the ability to think clearly, to reason well and articulate that reason can learn almost anything, and teach it as well. Unfortunately, many people never do get taught how to do this, as we shall see.
The Very Important Paper recently ran an article that might have been tailor made for one of my old classes – it was a perfect illustration of how not to write a persuasive or expository essay. Written by Clifford Krauss and appearing in the New York Times November 17 Energy Supplement, it provides a superb model for the young (or old) writer on what not to do, and in a sense I'm grateful for this illustration. I apologize to my readership then, for digressing into my past profession, and offering a brief lesson on how not to write about peak oil for the interested.
I do get many emails requesting ideas on how to jump into the public discourse on energy and I offer this up to those of my readers who don't feel comfortable as writers, and would like to contribute something to the public discourse on energy. This should provide you with some basic guidelines for doing so.
The first thing to do is to decide what kind of essay you want to write, and we can see that Krauss has struggled with this, and made a common mistake of inexperienced writers (although he is not one). Krauss has allowed himself to become confused about what his objective is. Generally speaking, newspaper articles are expository – they explain an issue, describe different viewpoints on that issue and offer (if they are well done) analysis. There are exceptions to this model, but this is the general rule.
There is also a place in newspapers for persuasive essays, designed to convince people of someone's opinion about something. For clarity's sake, and so that no one mistakes the opinion of the author for actual fact, the newspapers generally classify these all together in the "Editorial" "Opinion" or "Op-Ed," so that you will not become confused . Again, there are a few exceptions to this rule, but this is the general principle.
Oddly, Krauss has written a persuasive essay, although it is not placed on the Op-Ed pages. You can tell this by his assertion "there will be fuel." This is a prediction for the future, and a controversial one that depends on a host of complicated factors. In the article, Krauss attempts to find supporting evidence for his thesis, while not adequately presenting opposing points – that is, he takes a side on this issue. Thus, the article is fundamentally persuasive, but perhaps because it is placed in a spot that generally covers expository material, and Krauss blurs the lines between the two somewhat – and it is perhaps surprising that an op-ed piece would appear as though it were a piece of objective journalism..
Blurring genres happens now and again, and there are two reasons it most often occurs. The first is that the writer doesn't have a strong sense of their own objectives, and hasn't clarified exactly what they are doing. This is common in students of writing who have never fully grasped the range of kinds of writing out there, and how they differ from one another.
The other possibility is that one is being intentionally or accidentally obfuscatory, that is, one is attempting to confuse readers, rather than offer clear exposition of an idea. This may be because the author is themselves confused and unable to articulate their thoughts clearly or it may be because the author is being disingenuous, which is a polite and academically acceptable way to say they are lying.
Intentional obfuscation is a common strategy used by people who have been caught out in an obvious error or lie – consider the reaction of someone who gets called on their racist statement or caught sleeping with someone they shouldn't be. Very slightly more benignly, intentional obfuscation is used by those attempting to support an idea that is not, in fact, supportable by the facts. Blurring distinctions, confusing and distracting people with irrelevancies, and changing the terms of the debate then becomes a useful strategy for the person attempting to support a weak argument or get people to look over there and forget they've been lying. It would be inappropriate of me to speculate what the issue is for Krauss – it is generally kindest to assume the best of one's interlocutors when writing, so we will assume the best here.
If obfuscation is sometimes useful, I don't recommend that writers use it. Instead, I suggest it is far better to take the time to understand what you are saying and why, and also to avoid lying or choosing weak theses. The obfuscatory essay is not, for some reason, one of the classic styles, and the primary reason for that is that it is dull to read and draws attention not to your ideas, but to the weaknesses in them.
Let's take a look, now, at Krauss's thesis statement – you've probably been told a few hundred times that having a good and clear thesis statement is important, and that's true. What you may not have been told is that it is also important to have a supportable thesis statement. In fact, many young writers feel that the best way to write a strong persuasive piece is to admit no doubt, and to take extreme positions as strongly as possible, and indeed, many parts of our culture, particularly our political process support this idea.
I would suggest, however, that in writing for the general public, it is generally wiser to choose a thesis that you can actually support with evidence. In politics, of course, one does not support ideas generally with facts, but with posturing and noise. Writing for a newspaper, however, should not be supported in such a way, but with clear and accurate details. Some students have asked me whether they felt that their argument was weakened when they made more moderate claims – my own feeling is that if someone can dismantle your claims entirely, you will look far weaker than if you have stuck to what the evidence can support. If truthful claims aren't exciting enough for you, I recommend either you stay away from writing or take up fiction.
Krauss has gone ahead and made a thesis statement that is quite extreme – "There will be fuel" is a long term prediction, dependent on a lot of variables, and it becomes evident as we read that Krauss is struggling to support his analysis. Indeed, generally speaking for most people to make this kind of assertion would be entering the era of speculative fiction, rather than newspaper journalism, because it requires a set of assumptions that themselves are open to question. It is not the case that one should never make predictions, but when there are a high number of variables and you are not an expert, it is difficult territory, and Krauss gets in trouble almost immediately:
A book making the rounds at the time, "Twilight in the Desert," by Matthew R. Simmons, seemed to sum up the conventional wisdom: the age of cheap, plentiful oil and gas was over. "Sooner or later, the worldwide use of oil must peak," the book concluded, "because oil, like the other two fossil fuels, coal and natural gas, is nonrenewable."
But no sooner did the demand-and-supply equation shift out of kilter than it swung back into something more palatable and familiar. Just as it seemed that the world was running on fumes, giant oil fields were discovered off the coasts of Brazil and Africa, and Canadian oil sands projects expanded so fast, they now provide North America with more oil than Saudi Arabia. In addition, the United States has increased domestic oil production for the first time in a generation.
Consider the way the two paragraphs work together in parallel structure. First, Krauss sets up the old, and (he claims) wrong way of thinking, articulated by Matthew Simmons, that oil, coal, and natural gas are finite and non-renewable. He then responds to this with a paragraph that leads with a "But…" and the implication is that he is offering evidence that this old thinking is incorrect. The difficulty with this, of course, is that it isn't. There is actually no dispute, barring a few complete nuts who believe in abiotic oil (learning to recognize and ignore nuts is an important part of critical thinking), that oil, coal and natural gas *are* all non-renewable. But Krauss allows his "but" to create the impression that this is wrong.
He then throws together a collection of barely related facts. No sooner had we come to think this, he argues then we did a bunch of things that changed the oil landscape entirely – and Krauss works very hard (or has an astonishing number of coincidental errors) to make us think that these things add up to a logical response to the "old thinking" he set before, and provide evidence that we should all be thinking the "new" way.
First of all, "giant oil fields were discovered off the coasts of Brazil and Africa" – well, this is true, but they weren't discovered *after* 2008, but before – we already knew about them before oil rose to $147 barrel. Moreover, we still don't know how large the production from these fields will be – estimates have ranged from extremely high to comparatively low impact. The implication is that these discoveries had something significant to do with the change – but in fact, the world is still discovering one barrel of oil for every four we use, even taking these "giant" fields into account.
Next, "Canadian oil sands projects expanded so fast, they now provide North America with more oil than Saudi Arabia" – this one is particularly silly, because Canadian imports were matched by declining Saudi imports, and while Canadian production did expand, we traded more expensive oil for cheaper oil – tar sands production is expensive, Saudi oil production is comparatively cheap. This is rather like saying "the production of Mercedes expanded so fast that no one needed to buy Fords" – another way of framing it would be "car prices went up a lot."
This running together of several unrelated ideas with words that sort of imply bigger things than the facts do (the implication to an uncareful reader, for example, is that Canada is producing more oil than Saudi Arabia, obviously wrong) is a technique of obfuscation – a writer with plenty of supporting facts can take the time to treat each idea honestly and carefully, but a writer with a weak case often runs weak or unrelated ideas together to make their case seem stronger. Note, for example, that Krauss doesn't say how much the US has increased its oil production by (it isn't impressive, compared to consumption).
More on that last in a minute, but the general emphasis is to suggest that combination of real changes in the oil situation occurred in 2008, and changed the situation. But this is, in fact, not the case. As we've noted, those fields in Brazil and Africa haven't come online yet, and weren't enough to change the general trend that we're consuming a lot more oil than we've discovered. The change in US production was a small thing, the Canadian oil sands do matter, but they mostly offset declines in other imports. In reality, the oil industry didn't change radically in 2008 – what happened was that prices spiked, we entered a recession and prices fell. But that's not a very interesting story, for all that it is inconveniently true.
I won't bore you all by going through the rest of the article line by line, as I have these two paragraphs – you can probably do it yourself. Look always for places where the author attempts to make implications he simply can't support. Ask yourself "who are "energy experts" and "how much is an 'increase'" whenever you encounter that terminology. The key to good analysis is asking these kinds of questions. I will however point out a few particularly egregious difficulties, lest you make these errors yourselves.
The first energy expert cited in the article is a gentleman from an organization called "CERA" which is described as an "energy consulting firm." Note that this gentleman comes from the for-profit sector, and you might want to Google CERA. What you'll find is that CERA makes a great deal of its money by arguing that "peak oil theory is garbage." This is a reiteration of CERA's previous predictions on this front – again, the basic implication that something has changed radically since 2008 isn't true. CERA has been predicting that there will be oil for a very long time. One thing that might be worth doing is examining how well CERA has predicted events in the past. Are they a reliable source?
What you will find is that CERA's record of predictions is fairly abysmal, and that they are one of a very small number of energy analysts that predict smooth sailing on the energy front for the most part. One of the important parts of doing an essay like this is simply to evaluate your sources – and CERA is ostensibly credible. I don't think it is unreasonable that Krauss quotes them. What is problematic, however, is that Krauss effectively quotes only them.
Now Krauss is at least nominally a journalist, and as you may know, journalistic and expository arguments involve showing both sides of an issue. So let's look through the article for those two sides. IHS CERA is one that agrees with Krauss's premise that in fact, there will be fuel. So let's look for the people who don't agree in the article, who provide some measure of balance. Ooops, it turns out there aren't any. That would be a big mistake on Krauss's part.
The article cites oil company executives and IHS CERA repeatedly. There is no representation of any evidence of viewpoint either to the contrary, or taken from any source that doesn't make money by its predictions. The only exception to this is a brief, decontextualized reference to the recent IEA report, which glosses over the IEA's affirmation of a peak of traditional crude oil.
Also, look at the article to see how often the author makes the assumption that things that haven't happened yet will happen. For example, when he talks about Iraq, he observes "production could mushroom to 12 million barrels a day by the end of the decade – well above what Saudi Arabia produces today." It could. It could not, and given that predictions that were made early in the Iraq war for near-term production turned out to be completely inaccurate, perhaps we should be cautious about assuming that this will be the case. Krauss makes no argument about *why* we should assume that Iraqi production will rise so high. But his claims about Iraq are less objectionable than those made in many places – here Krauss is more cautious than he is about most other sources, where he tends to prefer the most optimistic assumptions.
It is honestly difficult for people to sort through the range of projections out there for energy supplies, and this is an entirely reasonable thing to have difficulty with, particularly if you are not an expert. Krauss must, in fact, do one of two things. The first is select one set of analyses out there, and make a credible case for accepting these figures as accurate. The second possibility is to explore the range of possible predictions, offering contributions from people who advocate for both of these. Krauss, unfortunately, has done neither of these things. Instead, he's accepted one set of predictions without making any case whatsoever for choosing them or even acknowledging that there are other scenarios and predictions by other energy experts.
Young writers often struggle, as I said, with the perception that acknowleding the other "side" of an argument weakens their own argument. This is, in fact, a misperception – the strongest arguments are actually those in which a "side" acknowledges the disagreement and then responds to the main thrust of the argument made in opposition to their position. Krauss seems to have skipped this lesson – normally not only standard in journalism, but often taken to excess.
It is rare that you'll see a newspaper article even about how cute cock-a-poos are without some dissenting voice cited, due to the habit of providing journalistic balance. In areas where there is a clear difference between the quality of the arguments, this can be taken to ridiculous lengths – witness the habit of articles on climate change citing discredited climate deniers for the merits of "objectivity" even when these are not true opposing arguments (ie, they aren't generally legitimate scientific arguments) made by scientists of equal credibility. There are many people who have argued that the quality of journalism sometimes suffers from a pathological adherence to the principle of balance. Clearly, Krauss does not suffer from that particular pathology, but since the situation in regards to oil is rather different than that in climate change – there are reputable people who argue that we are near a peak and reputable ones who argue we are not, there is no reasonable argument in favor of not including some measure of balance.
Krauss's failure to provide even the basic format of objectivity, or grounds for accepting the most optimistic of figures is hard to understand. He is an experienced journalist, so it beggars the imagination to conceive that he is unfamiliar with this standard. He's not a college student new to the concept of writing who thinks that strident reassertion of his premise and one-sided support is sufficient evidence. Again, I think we must attribute this to Krauss's difficulty deciding what kind of article he's writing – he simply hasn't made up his mind whether he's writing an expository analysis of our energy situation, which would require the former, or an op-ed piece. This is one of the reasons that one hopes for good support for writers – an editor or a comp teacher or even a 7th grade English teacher would have pointed gently out to Krauss that he's having a little trouble with the appropriate forms of support for his work, and sent him back to working on it. Apparently none of these was available.
Consider another paragraph that again focuses on US production, and makes claims that are not only unsupportable, but patently ridiculous:
Not surprisingly, the back-to-the-future world of oil and gas begins in the United States, still the biggest economy and the driver of energy markets since World War II.
For the last two decades, the United States has produced less oil each year and been increasingly dependent on imports than the year before. As recently as a decade ago, most experts predicted that the country had only 25 years of gas reserves, and that it would need to import at least half of its needs in the future.
Today the country has reversed both trends, chiefly because of new drilling techniques that have opened world-class oil and gas resources. In 2009, domestic production began to reverse its annual decline for the first time since 1991. The Energy Department expects domestic supplies to grow through 2035, absent a significant decline in oil prices.
Read this carefully. He claims that the US has "reversed" its decline – that is, the decline in production that began almost 40 years ago has been entirely reversed? Wow, that's pretty impressive. So we're now on the upswing again, right? The thing is, writers sometimes assume that no one will do their own research on people's claims, but that's not a wise or safe assumption. What Krauss is basing this on is single year increase – to reverse a 40 year trend? And in fact, it hasn't been reversed at all – we're still down over 35% from the original peak. The EIA projects that in fact, this increase will continue until ummm..2010 (ie, now) when it will pretty much reverse again. Here Krauss either doesn't know what "reverse" means or he's being intentionally misleading. But remember, good writers assume good faith in the people they write about. So we're going to try really hard to assume that Krauss means what he says.
The problem with that is that we're left with the conclusion, doing so, that the only person who could believe all these impossible things before breakfast must be, to put it in less than wholly scholarly but accurate terms, dumber than dirt. This is a useful illustration for the young writer, because you never, ever want someone who is analyzing your work to be caught in the dilemma of trying to figure out whether they should call the author an idiot, an ignoramus or a liar. This is a situation to be entirely and devoutly avoided – so you should do a better job of providing supporting evidence than Krauss has done here, because he's left the reader on precisely the horns of that dilemma. This is an unpleasant situation for both reader and the writer who receives the critique, and the best way of avoiding it is to make claims your evidence can actually support.
If you ever find yourself in the situation of being unable to plausibly attribute a mistake to honest belief or minor error, however, it is useful to know what to say. One cannot call a fellow writer a moron, an ignorant fool who doesn't do his homework or a liar in many forms of publication – that would be extraordinarily impolite and inappropriate. If you are writing for a blog or another genre that would permit this, you can, of course, say whatever you want, but we should not assume that is the case.
Therefor, my readers, the proper way of reconciling this many errors and misrepresentations here is to state that the author is confused. After all, severe confusion is a state that any of us can experience without stigma, due, perhaps to a small stroke, an emotional trauma or an excess of affection for Jim Beam. This is not a value judgement, and while you would think that one's editors at the New York Times would probably prefer not to print the writings of the confused, it is possible that they too were suffering from a related form of confusion. It is, nearly the holiday season and who could pass judgement on writers and editors who indulge a bit too much in holiday cheer?
The article ends with a strong supporting quote. This can be a fine way to end a piece of persuasive writing. A rousing statement from an expert can be an excellent way to wind up a piece of writing, particularly one that so desperately needs to come to an end, because the writer has filled it with poor reasoning and evidence that does not mean what the author thinks it does. Krauss quotes a banker here, which is an interesting choice – I would generally suggest that the best choice for a quote would be someone with credentials in the field, but perhaps Krauss couldn't find anyone appropriate. This is one of those cases where good basic research skills, say, the application of "google" to keywords would be an excellent aid to his work, allowing him to find someone who is an actual expert:
Mr. Morse said the demand side of the equation also helped. He noted that American demand for gasoline appeared to have peaked in 2007 and could decline by 15 to 20 percent by 2020 because of increasingly efficient cars and a federal mandate requiring that renewable fuels, like ethanol, blended into transportation fuels must increase to 36 billion gallons in 2022, from nine billion gallons in 2008.
"When you add it up," Mr. Morse noted, "you get something that very closely approximates energy independence."
Here we have one of those "we don't seem to be using words in the way they commonly are used" problems – the same trouble we had with the word "reversed." Energy Independence generally means that we don't rely on imported fuels. But the US has never reversed the trend of relying heavily on imports – we have increased imports by more than 300% since the US oil peak, and in 2009, even with the recession and the slight increase in US production, and biofuels imported more than 11 billion barrels of oil. With the IEA's predictions of increased demand, there's no way that those numbers add up to anything like energy independence.
It is perhaps, then, a good thing that Krauss ended with this quote, since any comment he made would likely again bring us back to our prior dilemma about how to politely articulate the problems of the article. What we must ask of this or any other piece of writing, however, is has it proved its thesis? Krauss set up a distinction between "old think" which he expressed as "oil, coal and gas are finite resources subject to oil peaks" and "new think" in which he has said "there's a lot of possible oil out there." The problem is that even if the possibilities are all real, and even if all of this is true – both things that Krauss has certainly not proven, he hasn't answered the question. The "old think" represented by Simmons and such actually happens to be the real state of geophysics. We know for a fact that oil will reach a peak and decline – period, because we've seen it happen. We know for fact that oil, coal and natural gas are finite resources.
And in the end, that is the greatest weakness of this argument – Krauss might have tried to make an intelligent and credible argument that the *timing* of these peaks and issues of finite resources has been changed, but he instead chose to shoot for something that he couldn't support. There's no evidence in anything Krauss presents that the original point has changed.
What he's done is provide a lot of obfuscatory detail, projections, quotations and other things all of which add up to "there might be fuel." None of them add up to an answer to the problem of finite resources, and none of them are sufficient to support his basic claim that there *will be* fuel. Moreover, the muddle in the middle means that the reader is forced to ask why this writer can't actually connect the dots. It is less than civil to speculate on these reasons – and on why the editors of the paper in question permitted such a muddle – but at the same time, those questions cannot but be raised in the mind of any conscious reader. My own hope is that all of this can be attributed simply to an excess of holiday happiness and perhaps Krauss's goodhearted desire to provide a cautionary example for other writers who have not yet achieved his stature. For this, we are grateful.
When writing an essay about oil or any other subject, then, you will wish to avoid the errors made here. First, you will want to do high quality research, to evaluate your thesis statement and make sure that your own evidence supports it. You will want to be clear about both what kind of essay you are writing and why you are writing it, and probably will wish to avoid the obfuscatory style, since it immediately turns matters away from the subject and towards the larger question "what is the author trying to hide?" In the same way, you will wish to avoid making the same weak and implausible arguments over and over again in ways that require the reader to ask whether you are being intentionally obtuse or intellectually deceptive, since neither is flattering to the writer, and both again, shift one's primary attention away from the subject at hand. You will wish to provide a balanced analysis if you are engaged in exposition, and use good research skills and objective data. If the data is uncertain, you will have to make choices, and explain why you have made them and what justifies them, or present a balanced case.
I have no doubt that given my readers' native intelligence and the cautionary example presented here, they will provide fine expository and persuasive material when they are called upon to contribute to the discourse on energy and the environment. After all, you could hardly do worse.


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subset: commoncrawl


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How to Use the Images
Painting 1: Hidatsa Village, Earth Covered Lodges, on the Knife River, by George Catlin.
While the villagers spent a good deal of time outdoors in mild weather, the climate was harsh, with recorded winter temperatures often as low as 45 degrees below zero. In winter people moved to temporary lodges built among the trees beside the Knife River.
Questions for Paintings 1 and 2
1. How would you describe the setting?
2. What activities are the Hidatsas and Mandans participating in?
3. What can you learn about these villages and their inhabitants from studying these paintings?
* The paintings on this screen have a resolution of 72 dots per inch (dpi), and therefore will print poorly. You can obtain a high quality version of Painting 1 and Painting 2, but be aware that each file will take as much as 35 seconds to load with a 28.8K modem.


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The government has settled a discrimination lawsuit with a senior agent from the Homeland Security Department's Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency, the Associated Press has reported.
A lawyer for ICE Agent James T. Hayes Jr. said in a court record that the "parties have come to an agreement in principal" to have a discrimination case settled for $175,000. Hayes had filed the lawsuit in May after complaining about the "frat-house type atmosphere" created by former ICE chief of staff Suzanne Barr. He said male employees working under Barr were "humiliated," and referenced "sexually inappropriate behavior" by some of the staff. Barr left ICE in September, according to AP.A formal settlement will be "executed within the next several days," AP reported Thursday, adding that conditions would be added so that Hayes could return to his job as the manager of ICE's New York office.


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The G-7 and Eurozone finance minters supposedly were on target for a cease fire in the so called currency war, but the rhetoric yesterday seemed to shake up the falling crude market as an ECB bank official took aim and fired. Oh sure now things are calming down after a Group of Seven statement that said that they would not target exchange rates but that did not seem to cover up the drama and tensions that is obviously going on behind the scenes ever since Japan's loose monetary policy caused a collapses in the yen.
Oil reversed course on a Bloomberg report that said that ECB council member Jens Weidmann said the euro isn't seriously overvalued and warned governments against trying to weaken the currency. "Latest indicators don't signal a serious overvaluation of the euro despite its recent appreciation" and "politicians should hold on to the established division of labor," Weidmann, who heads Germany's Bundesbank, said in a speech in Freiburg today. "An exchange-rate policy to specifically weaken the euro would lead to higher inflation in the end." Of Course that defiant statement was different from what the French were suggesting and changed the topping action in oil as a strong euro means a strong price for oil.
"We reaffirm that our fiscal and monetary policies have been and will remain oriented toward meeting our respective domestic objectives using domestic instruments, and that we will not target exchange rates," the Group of Seven's finance ministers and central bank governors said in a statement released today in London. The market was assuming that we would see at least backing off of the euro surge, which would have helped the dollar and bring down the price of oil. Yet based on talk by the G-7 that all is well in the world of exchange rates, it appears the currencies can go on the same happy trend that the central bankers want them to go.
Bloomberg reported French President Francois Hollande last week urged government leaders to steer the value of the euro lower to boost growth. His call was rebuffed by German Chancellor Angela Merkel's government and European Central Bank President Mario Draghi, who on Feb. 7 suggested the European Central Bank, could lower interest rates if the stronger euro were to damp inflation too much. Yet with Europe meeting in Brussels and the G-7 taking neutral stand oil is finding new life riding on the backs of the strength in the euro.
OPEC apparently is not very happy with the fact that the U.S. is blowing them away with production increases. Dow Jones is reporting that the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Tuesday warned that expectations of growth in non-OPEC oil supply this year — seen as essential to meeting global oil demand in the long term — were subject to a high level of risk, particularly in the U.S. They say that strong growth in U.S. oil output in recent years as a result of technologies that have made it possible to release large reserves of oil trapped in shale rock has taken many by surprise and started a shift in global trading patterns that could threaten OPEC's dominance of the oil market.
In a landmark study this October, the International Energy Agency predicted U.S. oil output could, by 2020, overtake that of OPEC's kingpin, Saudi Arabia. According to the IEA's forecast the increase in U.S. output will force OPEC members to adapt rapidly to changing trade patterns, and potentially even put them in competition with North American oil exports. OPEC's response to this development has so far been muddled. The group initially said it wasn't concerned by the shale-oil boom, but later warned forecasts of rising U.S. oil production could curtail its own investment to maintain output.
Dow said that most recently, in its monthly oil market report published Tuesday, the group warned of the many stumbling blocks that could prevent U.S. oil production from meeting expectations, at least in the near term. Although the group of major oil producers forecast the shale boom in the U.S. would help increase oil production by 520,000 barrels a day this year, making the U.S. the region with the highest production growth among the non-OPEC countries, it also warned of the challenges facing the industry. "A high level of risk is associated with non-OPEC supply forecasts on political, price, economic, weather, environmental and geological factors," the report said.
Bloomberg reported that OPEC raised forecasts for the amount of crude it will need to supply this year because of stronger fuel demand in emerging economies. OPEC will have to provide an average of 29.8 million barrels a day in 2013, or 100,000 a day more than it estimated a month ago. The producer group's output in January was 500,000 barrels a day larger than this, at 30.3 million, according to OPEC's monthly market report published today. The group projected U.S. production would rise from 10.42 million barrels a day in the first quarter of this year to 10.6 million barrels a day in the fourth quarter. Overall, OPEC forecast that non-OPEC supply would increase by 940,000 barrels a day this year to 53.9 million barrels a day, driven primarily by growth in the U.S., Canada, Latin America and the former Soviet Union. The group said that it expected demand for its own crude to fall by 300,000 barrels a day in 2013 compared to last year.


text: Student Profiles Becca Spiro '09 Becca Spiro '09 Hometown: Brookline, Massachusetts Major: Art History and Visual Arts, with a Spanish minor Why did you choose to come to Bowdoin? What really stood out about Bowdoin was the sense of community I immediately felt upon setting foot on campus. Unlike other close-knit college communities, which seemed insular and exclusive, Bowdoin's outreach programs and community service opportunities amazed me. At some schools students appeared stressed out and focused solely on academics, while at Bowdoin I got the sense that students were happy and actively involved in campus life. In fact, finding the right balance between academics and extracurricular activities proved one of the most challenging aspects of freshman year. Why did you choose your major? As a first-year I limited myself to government, environmental studies and Spanish classes, with the intention of attending law school after Bowdoin. However, at the end of the year, I knew that I was not pursuing what I was really passionate about: art. Since both the visual arts and art history departments are so small, I realized that I would rarely have problems getting into classes and that I would receive a lot of personal attention from my professors. I have explored oil painting, printmaking, drawing and sculpture, in visual arts courses taught by challenging yet inspiring professors. Bowdoin's visual arts department is outstanding because of the flexibility within the program. Students with no prior background in visual arts are welcomed into the department, and professors are always encouraging. There is also the opportunity to have a more unstructured experience, in either an advanced or independent study course. The art history department is equally impressive, although classes in this department are more formal and attended mostly by art history majors. Art history majors choose from an exciting range of classes, encompassing different styles, cultures and time periods. In my studies at Bowdoin, I have examined Eastern, American, and European art. I am particularly drawn to American artists John Sloan, Winslow Homer, John Singleton Copley, and Marsden Hartley. Fueling this interest is the current display in the American gallery at the Bowdoin College Museum of Art, which features these artists and provides a terrific excuse to visit the museum on a regular basis. Graduating with an interdisciplinary major in art history and visual arts, I am extremely happy with my academic trajectory. What has been a course you especially enjoyed at Bowdoin? Art and Life with Professor Linda Docherty was undoubtedly the most unusual, unforgettable, and enjoyable class I took at Bowdoin. Over the course of the semester, we researched documentary photography and work by Winslow Homer and John Sloan. Our classroom was in the museum, and since our class began while the museum was being renovated, we were granted special permission to enter every week. By the end of the semester I learned how to write catalogue entries and labels, curate a multimedia show and publicize an exhibition opening. Overall, it was an incredible learning experience and a great accomplishment for the entire class. What professor or professors have especially inspired you during your time at Bowdoin? Linda Docherty, who taught Art and Life, is a role model and an inspiration to me. It was only after taking her art history class that I became so fascinated by the subject. She is dynamic, extremely knowledgeable, and eager to help students flourish. Professor Jim Mullen, Professor John Bisbee, Professor Mark Wethli, and Professor Anna Hepler have all been incredibly supportive; their classes allowed me to venture into uncharted territory and continue experimenting as an artist. What extracurricular or work experiences have you had at Bowdoin? Because Bowdoin has so many extracurricular and work opportunities, I found it difficult to choose which activities to participate in. I have five jobs and two volunteer positions, on top of four academic classes. I work as a first-year residence proctor, a senior interviewer in the admissions office, a visual resources assistant for the art history department, a bartender at the Bowdoin Pub and an art teacher for a seven-year-old girl. I volunteer as a docent at the Bowdoin Museum of Art and intern at the June Fitzpatrick Gallery in Portland, Maine. Gallery sitting exposed me to a world which I knew nothing about prior to this year. I discovered a thriving art scene in Portland and I have really enjoyed participating in events like "First Friday" (which happens on the first Friday of every month, and involves multiple gallery openings in downtown Portland). Meeting artists and discussing artwork with visitors or potential customers is rewarding and fascinating, and has provided a splendid opportunity to get off campus. I also enjoy serving as a proctor, because I meet so many gregarious people in that capacity. The residential life staff is incredibly supportive and diverse; the freshmen I met this year restored my faith in the future of Bowdoin. Anytime I feel inspired to organize a program, whether it is educational or recreational, I can count on the other proctors in my residence hall to help me, and I can expect participation from at least a few of my proctees. Serving on the residential life staff has been a breath of fresh air and a wonderful way to get more involved in my last year at Bowdoin. What have you done during your summers? Every summer since matriculating at Bowdoin I have worked for Overland summer camp, based in Williamstown, Massachusetts. Through this company I have led biking and hiking trips in the Cape and Islands, Vermont/Montreal, Colorado and the Swiss Alps. This upcoming summer I am leading a backpacking and mountaineering trip in the Sierras. Although Overland heavily recruits Bowdoin students to lead their trips, I was always paired with students from other colleges. During my summers working for Overland, I led trips with students from Bates, Trinity, and Williams colleges. Although I get paid to lead these trips, I feel blessed because I am getting paid to do something I love. Additionally, while out in the woods, there are limited options for spending money, so I can save whatever I earn. I can't think of a better way to spend the summer. Becca leading a fall break trip to the Presidential Range. What is your best Bowdoin memory? One of my favorite Bowdoin memories is taking the Leadership Training course at the Outing Club during my first year. The friendships that developed through this experience and the bonding that occurred during our final expedition in Maine was incredible. The semester-long course was quite informative and we learned an array of valuable skills: map and compass reading, outdoor cooking, camping procedures, knot tying, and expedition planning. During our Wilderness First Responder Course, we learned first-aid protocol for wilderness emergency situations. Our instructors taught everything from how to deal with dislocations to child-delivery to broken femurs, and we practiced our skills by simulating real-life emergencies. I am still very good friends with everyone who completed the course with me, and the outdoors continues to be one of my greatest passions. I will always be grateful to the Outing Club for being the first place at Bowdoin where I truly felt at home. What are your plans for after graduation? I am still unsure about my plans after graduation. I am looking into art- and education-related jobs, and I would like to pursue a career that would combine these two interests, such as museum education. With the economy looking so bad, I am not sure where I will end up, so I will just have to wait and see! What advice would you give to a prospective student or first-year about the Bowdoin experience? I always tell my proctees that they shouldn't be afraid to try new things. After college, they might never have the opportunity to learn how to throw clay pots, dance ballet, speak Russian, or join a debate team. There is tons of enthusiasm on this campus, and it is so easy to get involved. When I was a first-year, I continuously sought out new experiences. Although the meditation club was hidden away in the basement of the counseling center, I went out of my way to make it to the first meeting with my roommate, and we both continued to attend every week. Despite the fact that before I came to Bowdoin I knew very little about how the United States government functioned, as a first year I took Intro to International Relations and Quantitative Analysis in Political Science. These classes were incredibly challenging for me, but I have never regretted taking them. If I hadn't challenged myself in this manner, I would never have experienced all that Bowdoin has to offer. What quirky or fun thing did you wish you knew before you came to Bowdoin? I never knew about Bowdoin's dedicated staff until I actually came to the College as a first year. Housekeeping and the Dining Service have especially enhanced my experience over the past several years; always smiling and friendly, they help create a welcoming environment and ultimately make this college a happier and healthier place. Story posted on January 27, 2009 « Back | More Student Profiles | Go to News Home


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ARM11 microarchitecture leads way for embedded SoCs targeted at next generation of wireless and consumer applications
CAMBRIDGE, UK – Apr. 29, 2002 – ARM [(LSE: ARM); (Nasdaq: ARMHY)], the industry's leading provider of 16/32-bit embedded RISC processor solutions, today announced at the Embedded Processor Forum in San Jose, Calif., the launch of the ARM11™ microarchitecture, designed to address the needs of next-generation wireless and consumer devices. The ARM11 microarchitecture targets a performance range of 400 to 1,200 Dhrystone MIPS, while meeting the low power needs and cost requirements of battery-powered and high-density embedded applications.
The ARM11 microarchitecture is the first implementation of the ARMv6 instruction set architecture (ARM Announces Technical Details of Next-Generation Architecture -- Oct. 17, 2001), and is designed to address the requirements of embedded applications processors, advanced operating systems (OS), and multimedia, such as audio and video coding and decoding. The ARM11 microarchitecture forms the basis of a new range of ARM11 CPU products, and builds upon the success of the established ARM9E™ and ARM10E™ families of cores.
"System developers demand continual innovation to enable the creation of world class digital products," said John Rayfield, director of R&D, ARM. "The ARM11 microarchitecture is the foundation of our next generation of CPU cores, and delivers new levels of performance and efficiency for leading-edge wireless and consumer devices."
The ARM11 microarchitecture is particularly suited to next-generation wireless and consumer devices, where high levels of system performance and low-power consumption are required. These include 2.5G and 3G mobile phone handsets, PDAs and multimedia wireless devices, home consumer applications such as imaging and digital camera applications. The microarchitecture is also designed to meet the needs of home gateway and network infrastructure equipment including voice over IP and broadband modems.
Technical details
The new ARM11 microarchitecture implements the ARMv6 instruction set architecture that includes the Thumb® extensions for code density, Jazelle™ technology for Java™ acceleration, ARM DSP extensions, and SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) media processing extensions.
High performance is delivered using an 8-stage integer pipeline, static and dynamic branch prediction, and separate load-store and arithmetic pipelines to maximize instruction throughput. The ARM11 microarchitecture will deliver 350 to 500+ MHz worst case on 0.13u foundry processes, and over 1 GHz on next-generation 0.1µm processes. The ARM11 microarchitecture achieves optimum power efficiency single-issue operation with out-of-order completion to minimize gate count, consuming less than 0.4 mW/MHz on 0.13u foundry processes.
Multimedia performance is accelerated through the enhanced integer pipeline, new SIMD media instructions, high-performance 64-bit memory system, and hardware support for unaligned data access. Real-time performance is enhanced by using vectored interrupts, and low-interrupt-latency operating modes which, together with ARMv6 architecture enhancements, reduce interrupt handling overhead by 70 percent.
The new ARM11 microarchitecture also provides considerably improved operating system performance by use of physically addressed caches, and new ARMv6 architecture instructions that accelerate context switching. The ARM11 microarchitecture was developed in close consultation with leading operating system vendors and supports the WindowsCE, Symbian OS, Palm OS, and Linux operating systems.
The first CPU using the ARM11 microarchitecture will be publicly announced and released to licensees in Q4 2002.
"ARM architecture" refers specifically to the architectural instruction sets and programmers models, such as the ARMv5TE architecture, the ARMv5TEJ architecture, and the ARMv6 architecture. The term "ARM microarchitecture" refers specifically to the implementations of those architectures, such as the ARM9™ family of cores and the ARM10 family of cores. The ARM926EJ-S™ core and the ARM1020E™ core are CPU products based on those earlier microarchitectures.
About ARM
ARM is the industry's leading provider of 16/32-bit embedded RISC microprocessor solutions. The company licenses its high-performance, low-cost, power-efficient RISC processors, peripherals, and system-on-chip designs to leading international electronics companies. ARM also provides comprehensive support required in developing a complete system. ARM's microprocessor cores are rapidly becoming a volume RISC standard in such markets as portable communications, hand-held computing, multimedia digital consumer and embedded solutions. More information on ARM is available at www.arm.com.
ARM and Thumb are registered trademarks of ARM Limited. ARM9E, ARM926EJ-S, ARM10, ARM10E, ARM1020E, ARM11 and Jazelle are trademarks of ARM Limited. All other brands or product names are the property of their respective holders. "ARM" is used to represent ARM Holdings plc (LSE: ARM and Nasdaq: ARMHY); its operating company ARM Limited; and the regional subsidiaries ARM, INC.; ARM KK; ARM Korea Limited; ARM Taiwan; and ARM France SAS.


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I am connected with a vpn server over SSH via putty there I started JBoss running "run.sh -b 0.0.0.0" command.No exception is thrown in server.log.But still I am unable to access "http://<server-ip>:8080/admin-console".Then I did "netstat -ano | grep 8080" and I got the output "tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN off (0.00/0/0)".Is there any security process is there which is blocking to access 8080?I also tried to open vncserver but still unable to connect to vnc from my local pc.
Sounds like the firewall is blocking the ports (8080 for JBoss AS, 5901 for VNC). You'll need to configure hte firewall to opne those ports.
What version of Linux are you connecting to?


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Soar to new heights with this affordable V-style ESP LTD!
This ESP LTD V-50 electric guitar has a basswood V-shaped body with a bolt-on, thin-U maple neck. The rosewood fingerboard with 24 extra jumbo frets promotes plenty of fleet-fingered pyrotechnics. The Tune-O-Matic style string-thru bridge is fully adjustable to suit your playing preferences. A toggle pickup selector controls dual fire-breathing ESP LH-150 humbucking pickups.
Basswood body
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Order today and join the legion of ESP players.


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4-H'ers get ready for fair
Kids say working with animals pays off
Daily road trips to rolling pasture between Gothenburg and Farnam is a given for the Charity and Nate Wyatt family each summer.Although only two of the Wyatt children are eligible for 4-H, the two youngest tag along with their older siblings to work with calves and pigs that live on land owned by relatives.
Spending time with the animals each day pays off in the show ring, according to 11-year-old Tucker who had a grand champion feeder calf last year.
This year, Tucker—a three-year 4-H veteran—will be accompanied by his sister, Addi. At 8 years old, Addi will show feeder calves and pigs at the Dawson County Fair that started last Saturday.
"It's all about the relationship you have with the animal that ties into showmanship," Tucker said. "And I like spending time with the animals and getting to know them.
"Just like people, each one has a different personality."
Tucker was at the top of the showmanship game during the swine show two years ago when he and his pig received grand champion honors.
"Sometimes the work gets boring but once it's fair time, it's exciting because your hard work pays off," he said.
Perhaps the most challenging aspect of working with the livestock is their unpredictability especially early in the season when the calves haven't been handled by humans.
The Wyatts herd the calves and their mothers into pens on land owned by Scott and Rhonda Russman of Farnam.
They then separate the calves from their mothers and go to work.
Charity Wyatt, the children's mother, calls those early excursions "rodeo nights" after Tucker's first year in 4-H and experience with a young steer they called "Crazy."
"It was like a rodeo every time Tucker tried to put a halter on him," Charity said with a laugh.
All of the children have been dragged around the property by the show calves and have learned to "hang on" unless the situation becomes dangerous.
"That teaches the calf to train to a halter which means you're in control and you're the boss," Charity said.
Besides being dragged, the kids have been kicked and stepped on and once witnessed a comical scene that they still laugh about.
"Mom was trying to capture a heifer to put on a halter and it rolled into a feed trough on its back with its legs sticking up in the air," Tucker said. "We all laughed and then tipped over the feed trough to get her out."
Even after challenging experiences, Charity said the kids build such a rapport with the calves that they can lie down and cuddle with them.
After the feeder calf show, people often buy the animals to show in other places.
"Because they're show broke, they're nice to have," Charity said.
If the calves don't sell, they become part of the Triple T herd that belongs to a friend.
Because of support from his family, Tucker said he's built up courage to work with animals.
"My older cousins taught me how to lead a calf and how to have my own style of showing," he said.
Both Tucker and Addi recommend 4-H to other kids.
"It's a great experience and you get to meet a lot of people and you learn from other 4-H'ers," Tucker said.
He described the other kids in 4-H and their families as "one big 4-H family."
"They're the biggest cheerleaders for each other and are helpful," Charity said.
Involvement in 4-H has helped Addi "learn a lot of stuff about animals."
"And it's fun to show them," she said.
In addition to showing calves and pigs, Tucker is also signed up for 4-H woodworking, cooking, archery and BB gun competition.
Addi does 4-H cooking, archery and BB gun.
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Holding your Liquor Indicate Alcohol Problems?
Prior studies have shown that a low subjective response (SR) to alcohol is a risk factor for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Research on moderate drinkers has shown that acquired tolerance is different from initial response, and is also significantly associated with drinking problems. A new study of linkages among early SR, acquired tolerance, alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems among problem drinkers has found that a low, early subjective response an ability to hold ones liquor - may protect against problems in the short term, but likely becomes a risk factor for longer-term problems as tolerance to alcohol develops.
Results will be published in the March 2013 issue of Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research and are currently available at Early View.
People who feel less impaired after drinking are at increased risk for developing AUDs, said William R. Corbin, associate professor and director of clinical training in the department of psychology at Arizona State University. A low SR to alcohol may result from differences in drinking history. For example, with heavier drinking, tolerance develops whereby individuals feel less intoxicated than they used to at the same level of consumption. Tolerance is a well-established correlate of alcohol problems and is one of the diagnostic criteria for alcohol dependence. Because studies of SR must be conducted with individuals of legal drinking age, 21 years or older, participants typically already have considerable drinking experience, making it difficult to determine if differences in SR are due to innate individual differences or differences in the acquisition of tolerance. Corbin is also corresponding author for the study.
This study helps clarify how responses to the pharmacological effects of alcohol are related to subsequent alcohol use and problems, added Lara A. Ray, assistant professor in the department of psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles. Its important to remember that subjective response precedes the development of alcohol problems, while acquired tolerance is a symptom in itself.
Our study is only the second to try to differentiate between innate differences in SR and tolerance, and understand their unique relations with drinking behavior and alcohol problems, said Corbin. The prior study sample was comprised of relatively light drinkers, while the current study examined the unique role of initial SR and tolerance in a sample of heavy drinking young adults.
Corbin and his colleagues examined associations between early subjective response and acquired tolerance, and both drinking behavior and alcohol-related problems, within a sample of 113 heavy drinking young adults (75 men, 38 women) who had volunteered for a clinical trial of naltrexone in combination with brief motivational counseling.
Consistent with the one prior study on this topic, we found that both initial SR and tolerance were related to drinking behavior, with heavier drinking among those with a low initial SR and greater acquired tolerance, said Corbin. In direct contrast with the prior study, a low initial SR was associated with fewer alcohol-related problems in this heavy-drinking sample, and tolerance was not a significant predictor of problems.
While the literature suggests that a low subjective response is always a risk factor, noted Ray, the main issue is what kind of subjective response is being measured.
The participants in our sample were young heavy drinkers who had not yet passed through the peak period of risk for AUDs, said Corbin. We speculate that protection against alcohol-related problems among young heavy drinkers with a low SR may allow them to continue to drink more heavily as they miss the stop signal to cease drinking. A continued escalation in heavy drinking may ultimately contribute to an increased risk for AUDs.
Corbin said this study provides further evidence for differential roles of initial SR and acquired tolerance. Whereas both were associated with drinking behavior, only initial SR was related to AUDs among heavy drinkers with considerable acquired tolerance, he said. This finding highlights the importance of assessing both initial SR and tolerance and suggests that the relation between initial SR and alcohol problems may change over the course of an individuals drinking history. A low initial SR may contribute to heavier drinking and more related problems early in an individuals drinking history and prior to the development of substantial tolerance. However, our findings suggest that, as tolerance develops, the combination of an initially low SR and tolerance may protect against acute alcohol problems.
It is important to point out that subjective responses vary and a refined understanding of what responses are being measured is warranted, said Ray. In this study, the responses measured are primarily sedative and unpleasant, hence playing a stronger protective role in individuals who have negative responses to alcohol. However, and as noted by the authors, this sample is characterized by heavy drinkers who may differ in terms of their genetic make up and predisposition to problem drinking.
From a public health perspective, we need to disseminate information about patterns of SR that are associated with long-term risk for AUDs, added Corbin. Although a low SR may protect against problems in the short term, it is a well-established risk factor for long-term problems with alcohol. Unfortunately, the prevailing belief in the general public is that people who are able to hold their liquor are at lower risk. In fact, these are the individuals most at risk, particularly when accompanied by other risk factors such as a family history of alcoholism.
This study also suggests that tolerance is a stronger marker of problems in heavy-drinking populations, said Ray, and should be evaluated routinely within youth.
In addition, said Corbin, there is evidence that individuals at increased risk for alcohol problems, such as heavy drinkers and those with a positive family history of alcoholism, experience a heightened stimulant response to alcohol in addition to a blunted response to more negative impairing effects. Thus, efforts to inform the public about high-risk patterns of response to alcohol should highlight the importance of individual differences in both the more positive stimulant effects and the more negative impairing effects.
Funding for this Addiction Science Made Easy project is provided by the Addiction Technology Transfer Center National Office, under the cooperative agreement from the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment of SAMHSA.
Articles were written based on the following published research:
Corbin, W. R., Scott, C., Leeman, R. F., Fucito, L. M., Toll, B. A. and OMalley, S. S. (2013), Early Subjective Response and Acquired Tolerance as Predictors of Alcohol Use and Related Problems in a Clinical Sample. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 37: 490497. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01956.x


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COLOMBO, Sri Lanka (AP) — Sri Lankan journalists have staged a "Black January" protest, remembering a series of attacks against journalists and media workers during the month in recent years and condemning authorities' failure to punish the culprits.
Journalists, rights activists and opposition lawmakers protested Tuesday in the capital, Colombo, saying the month of January has been "the darkest month" for journalists.
In January over the last four years, an outspoken editor was killed, a private television station was attacked, a website journalist went missing and his office was set on fire.
Protesters shouted slogans, holding placards reading, "Resist suppression of the media."


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~by Diana Lynn
Colorful butterflies surround every pothole puddle for miles along the stretch of road that connects Queen Elizabeth National Park to Bwindi. Other protected areas rich in butterflies are Kibale and Bwindi National Parks, which are also greatly forested. There were thousands of brightly iridescent colored butterflies everywhere I walked. If you stood still, they would light on you and then flutter away. These butterflies seemed content to stay on the African's bodies but not on the tourists, except for me. I seemed to be a magnet for them. And one of the tour guides in Bwindi took me out for a couple of hours to observe everything, because I was easy going and really enjoyed taking "in" their Africa's smallest details. He told me, that he had never seen the butterflies land on a white woman before in such large numbers, there were no bare spots on my body; all were taken by these awesome and engaging butterflies. He was miffed and I was thrilled; I believed they came to me because of the Reiki and the energy work that I do. When the butterflies were on my body, they were receiving the Reiki which in turn gave them a strong dose of vibrant energy that insured their safety from the animals and the elements for the next 36 hours! For me to have all these butterflies on my body were several moments of sheer joy with their sharing with me; it felt like gentle nudging's of shared connection for me and much more for the butterflies. The vibes that I felt from them: "Where did you come from?" "Are there more of you?" "We haven't felt this before." "Stay, we like this vitality."
This is what Nature loves to share with people, their individuality!
Contact Diana Lynn at Pathways to Understanding (208) 584-9034 or
e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park Located in south-western Uganda, at the junction of the plain and mountain forests, Bwindi Park is known for its exceptional biodiversity, with more than 160 species of trees and over 100 species of ferns. Many types of birds and butterflies can also be found there, as well as many endangered species, including the mountain gorilla.


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Red Ivy Afternoon is set in the near future where the cost of everything is just out of reach for nearly everyone and in a Panamerica where paper is illegal and the lone source of information and entertainment is a blaring computer screen, and corporations hold all the economic and political power. Julian Lightfall is a moderately succesful Boston shipping secretary who lives a life without meaning, going from work to home and home to a bar where he t...


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NEW YORK (AP) — The blogger who broke the news of Anthony Weiner's latest round of marital indiscretions said he didn't go looking for gossip about the former congressman and initially didn't believe a woman who contacted his site in April claiming to have exchanged sexual texts and photographs with the ex-lawmaker following his 2011 resignation.
"This girl actually reached out multiple times, and I didn't believe her. I didn't have confidence in the evidence of the facts. And I kept telling her, 'I need more. I need more,'" blogger Nik Richie told The Associated Press in a phone interview Wednesday.
The Dirty, a site mainly focused on ridiculing the nightlife scene, isn't an "investigative newsroom" Richie said, and has sometimes run into legal trouble for posting snarky anonymous comments that turned out to be false. Just this month it was ordered to pay $338,000 in a defamation case brought by a former Cincinnati Bengals cheerleader.
But Richie said he withheld the woman's material for months while he tried to verify her story. Those efforts didn't include contacting Weiner's mayoral campaign, but Richie said after additional review he eventually felt sure the texts and images were legitimate.
"I took a risk and it paid off and I'm just happy that Anthony Weiner confessed to it," Richie said.
Richie declined to reveal the woman's identity or put her in contact with the Associated Press, saying he had agreed to protect her anonymity.
He said the woman didn't ask for money and wasn't seeking celebrity, but decided to release her X-rated correspondence with Weiner because she was disturbed to hear him claim in interviews that he'd "cured himself" of his past habit of chasing women online.
He also said the woman felt abandoned after Weiner broke off a months-long relationship that, in addition to phone sex and exchanges of nude pictures, also included talks about health care, politics and the former congressman's cats.
"She thought he loved her," Richie said. "She was like, 'You know, I have to do this because I need to save the next girl and I need to make sure he doesn't do this to someone else.'"
In a news conference Tuesday, Weiner acknowledged continuing to send flirtatious messages to women he met online as recently as last summer, but said he would not abandon his campaign to be New York City's next mayor. He said some of the claims posted on The Dirty about his relationship with the woman were not true, but declined to say which were inaccurate.
Richie said he was sure that "100 percent" of his Weiner-related posts were truthful.
Since posting the messages, The Dirty has had nearly 1.4 million unique visitors, Richie said — a surge in traffic that has led to challenges keeping the site running smoothly. The site's previous traffic record came when it posted revealing photographs of Miss California pageant winner Carrie Prejean.
Richie said the woman who provided the material is "a little nervous, a little scared" about the publicity so far. He also predicted that the Weiner campaign would survive.
"I don't think that this is going to hurt him. I think this is going to help him, which is really sad," he said, though he added, "He needs to quit the campaign immediately. It's just a joke. He's making America look like a joke."


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Man the battle stations — the holidays are about to begin
Tomorrow officially kicks off the 2009 holiday season that has been conveniently designed to include Christmas, Hanukkah and Kwanzaa. Due to the streamlining of the holidays to accommodate the major religions of the western world, businesses, schools and governments can schedule closings and work schedules that will keep commerce flowing smoothly, with the least amount of interruption and inconvenience.
Everyone in the U.S. looks forward to the traditional American holiday of Thanksgiving. Families will gather across the country to serve sumptuous meals of turkey, ham or roast beef with mashed potatoes, stuffing, candied yams and heart-stopping desserts. With careful preparation and attention to detail, the meals will be presented with great ceremony and aplomb, and be graciously consumed by grateful guests.
The oncoming weeks until the New Year will then be filled with festivity, shopping and a muchneeded break from the rigors of the workplace.
Although Thanksgiving is a traditional American holiday, it is celebrated in one form or another by many cultures that acknowledge the bounties of the harvest. These festivals, fairs and celebrations all occur at about the same time every year, just before winter sets in.
This sounds like a happy time for mankind. However, I'd like to stop for a minute and examine what really happens on that kickoff day to the holiday season. It might not be as comforting as we think.
Usually, women prepare their favorite recipes for the big meal while the men gather in living or recreation rooms to do what? Watch football, of course. They cheer with gusto for the big men on college campuses as they "do battle" on the gridiron in the final games of the season on Thanksgiving afternoon.
The winners of these games will be rewarded with a bowl game on New Year's Day, when they can again "do battle" on the football field to decide who is the best of the best. In many countries, that "battle" is fought on a soccer field for the same purpose, but playing a different game.
The point is that the holiday is a reward for people who have spent the previous nine months "doing battle" in the business arena to win business from their competitors. For performing well, these people gather to enjoy their reward, which is taking the day off work to be entertained by teams of large men "doing battle" in a sports arena. There, they are cheered and encouraged by fans.
If football players behaved on the streets the way they behave on the football field, they would be arrested for assault and battery – or possibly even attempted murder. The interesting part is that we enjoy watching it.
People like to participate and watch conflict. Somehow, that doesn't stand to reason when our governments are always preaching about establishing peace. We can take it a step further. What happens the day after Thanksgiving? The busiest shopping day of the year — that's what.
This is when shoppers camp outside mall doors, waiting for the opening bell so they can "fight" the crowds in search of bargains amongst limited merchandise. We all know that we're talking major "conflict" here. Police and security forces have their hands full at malls and shopping centers during the holidays. Stores turn into "battlefi elds" on these days. Ask any store employee; they will confirm our allegations.
The "conflict" concept is most obvious in advertising campaigns that encourage people to "get the competitive edge" and "stay ahead of the competition." Hmmm...if we want to be brutally honest, I believe it is safe to say that human beings in this day and age are one small step ahead of the gladiators fighting to the death in the Coliseum in Ancient Rome.
As a species, human beings enjoy "conflict" and the idea of "doing battle." It makes the adrenalin flow, and keeps the heart pumping. That's why businessmen refer to sales personnel as the heroes who work "in the trenches." They are being equated to foot soldiers at war. The modern day battlefield takes place in the business arena. This is where "safe" battles are fought on a daily basis. Participants experience the conflict, the rewards and the defeats without the physical harm.
Our mindset is centered around conflict and gaining superiority through "battle." If that is the foundation of our thinking, how can we ever expect to experience peace? No wonder we live in a system we can't understand.


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Patricia Lyne, 75 - January 31, 2007
Patricia Elaine Lyne, 75, of North Platte, formerly of Gothenburg, died Saturday, Jan. 27, 2007, at Sutherland Care Center.
Memorial services will be held at 11:30 a.m. Wednesday at Odean Colonial Chapel at Avenue C and Sycamore Street, with the Rev. Larry Viter of Faith Chapel of Gothenburg officiating. Memorial book signing will be available before the service.
Lyne was born on May 13, 1931, at Grand Island to Evald E. and Susie H. Sorensen. At an early age her family moved to North Platte where she attended school. As a teenager, she worked many jobs including kitchen helper at the North Platte Canteen.
On June 5, 1949, she married Wm. Minor Lyne at the First Evangelical Lutheran Church at North Platte. The couple made their home in Gothenburg. To this union, four children were born.
She was involved in Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts, a bridge club and worked in the office of the family business.
In 1967, Lyne and her family moved to North Platte where she continued those activities as well as ceramics, bowling, knitting and beading as she was an accomplished quilter and seamstress, according to family members.
She and her husband retired in 1996 and traveled the United States in a motor home, eventually settling in Lakewood, NM, and were members of the Escapee RV'rs Club, until March of 2003, when they returned to North Platte.
?Lyne was preceded in death by: her parents; two sisters—Phyllis Robinson and Clair Nelson; two brothers—Dick Sorensen and Fred Sorensen.
?Survivors include: her husband, Minor Lyne of North Platte; four children—Steve (Karen) Lyne of McCook, Don Lyne of Superior, Kellie (Hank) Mercer of North Platte and Tamie (Rod) Martin of Littleton, CO; two brothers—Rick (Marsha) Sorensen of Kent, WA, and Rodney (Rosetta) Sorensen of Florissant, MO; brother-in-law, Vaughn Lyne of Broken Bow; 10 grandchildren and eight great-grandchildren; 17 nieces and nephews; numerous cousins and a lifelong friend, Marie Reichert of Arizona.
In lieu of flowers, memorials are suggested to the Callahan Cancer Center and the Saint Jude's Children's Hospital.
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SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — New bridge, same traffic.
The gleaming white and newly built $6.4 billion eastern span of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge handled its first commutes Tuesday with few problems other than the traffic snarls that were common around the old span.
California Highway Patrol Officer Sam Morgan said traffic heading into San Francisco on the bridge around noon was a little heavier than usual, possibly because of excitement about the new bridge.
"Some are making it a recreational event," Morgan said.
Officers have not encountered any instances of people pulling over on the roadway to take pictures of the span, Morgan said.
But Officer Daniel Hill told San Jose-based KNTV-TV that some drivers were warned or cited for taking photos and cellphone video while driving. He did not have exact numbers.
One person also received a warning for driving and taking pictures on the closed section of the old bridge, Morgan said.
"While everybody is excited about the new bridge, please remember it is still a roadway designed to get you from Point A to Point B," Morgan warned.
The first ticket issued on the new span went to a motorcyclist going 70 mph, 20 mph over the posted speed limit, according to the Oakland Tribune. Just hours after the bridge opened a woman driving east was pulled over near the toll plaza and booked on suspicion of DUI, marking the first arrest. And the first crash occurred as well: A three-car collision at 11 a.m. that sent one person to the hospital with minor injuries.
The new, self-anchored suspension span with its single looming white tower opened Monday night, hours after a low-key inaugural chain-cutting ceremony and after years of delays and cost overruns.
It replaces a structure that was damaged during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, which struck as millions tuned in to watch Game 3 of the "Bay Bridge World Series" between the Oakland Athletics and San Francisco Giants. The replacement span is designed to withstand the strongest earthquake estimated by seismologists to occur at the site over a 1,500-year period.
Meanwhile, the new bridge's bike and pedestrian path opened Tuesday, although it does not yet run the full length of the new span. In a ceremony complete with ringing bike bells, the path was dedicated to the late Alex Zuckermann, founder of the East Bay Bicycle Coalition and the man credited for persuading Caltrans to build the path.
Oakland Mayor Jean Quan predicted the path itself would become a local attraction.
"Just enjoying that will become an experience that people all over the Bay Area, and probably all over the world, are going to want to have," she said during remarks at the opening.
Associated Press writer Terry Collins contributed to this report.


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March 4th, 2014
Dear Visitor,
I'm pleased to announce that Potion Factory has been acquired by Karelia Software.
Potion Factory started as an experiment to see if an extremely small team could survive by making and directly selling software to the end user. There were exciting times—The Hit List got picked as the main featured app at the Mac App Store when it was released—and not so exciting times over the years, but I'm very proud of where it is right now. Not only did it survive, but it prospered.
Having Potion Factory acquired was never a goal of mine. However, something interesting happened last year. With both of us being based out of Los Angeles, the more I got to know the guys at Karelia, the more it became obvious that we were a perfect match for each other. We each had strengths to complement the other's weaknesses. Not only that, but we shared a passion for well designed software that pays lots of attention to detail. It was clear that we could achieve a lot more together.
Looking forward, things are bright from where I stand. What this means is that The Hit List, Tangerine, and other Potion Factory software will have access to more engineering resources. It also means that our customers will get more timely answers to technical support questions. These are all great changes. Having been a small company whose passion lies in making software, not in marketing or customer support, these were always areas that I wanted to improve upon and now it will happen.
What won't change is in my involvement in design and coding for future development of The Hit List and others to come. My role at Karelia will be to oversee the design aspects of the company while still helping out with the technical stuff. To all our customers who have supported our products, I want to thank you. Without you, this day wouldn't be possible.
You can look forward to our particular kind of scrumptious software along with the creativity and humaneness that is already Karelia Software. I think you'll enjoy using the products that we make for you. I'm certainly excited!
Andy Kim,
Software Concoctionist, Potion Factory LLC
P.S. If you have any questions, please take a look at our Transition Q and A.


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Features of Encoders, Hollow Shaft


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HONOLULU (HawaiiNewsNow) - The upper level disturbance that brought hail and thunderstorms to part of the state on Sunday will be reversing course, bringing another round of wet weather with it.
Forecasters say there is a 'slight' chance of thunderstorms for the Big Island and east Maui tonight, while shower activity is expected to increase overnight for the western half of the state.
Winds have already started to weaken across the eastern end of the state, according to the National Weather Service.
For Kauai and Oahu, the breezy and cool conditions will hang on for most of Wednesday.
The National Weather Service says that models are now pointing toward a wet and unsettled weather pattern over the islands Friday evening into the weekend. Forecasters say this time the greater focus for showers and possible thunderstorms will be on the western half of the state.
Stay with HawaiiNewsNow.com for the latest updates you can also check out our Interactive radar.
To get the latest weather conditions on your mobile phone click HERE.
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