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Kendl Johnson
|Kendl Johnson
|GTA San Andreas
|Full Name
|Kendl Johnson
|Place of Birth
|Grove Street in Ganton, Los Santos
Johnson House in Ganton, Los Santos
Cesar Vialpando's House in El Corona, Los Santos
Angel Pine, Whetstone
San Fierro
Beverly Johnson (mother)
Sean "Sweet" Johnson (brother)
Carl Johnson (brother)
Brian Johnson (brother)
Cesar Vialpando (boyfriend/fiancée)
|Main Affiliations
Grove Street Families
Varrios Los Aztecas
Big Smoke
Wu Zi Mu
The Truth
Madd Dogg
|Doherty Garage
|Voiced by
|Yolanda Whittaker
Kendl Johnson is a character in the 3D Universe who appears as a supporting character in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (set in 1992). She is the daughter of Beverly Johnson, sister of Sweet, Carl and Brian and the fiancée of Cesar Vialpando. She is voiced by Yolanda Whittaker.
Character history
Life in Los Santos
Kendl Johnson was born to Beverly Johnson and an un-named father in the Johnson House on Grove Street in Ganton, Los Santos. She was raised by her mother, and possibly her father, alongside her three brothers Sean (better known as Sweet), Carl and Brian, sometimes telling her mother of Carl and Brian's misbehavior. In 1987 tragedy struck the Johnson family as Brian passed away and, feeling guilty after being present at his death, Carl moved to Liberty City, dropping all contact with his family back in Los Santos. Kendl and Sweet, the leader of the Grove Street Families, began to grow further apart, which is later compounded when Kendl begins dating Varrios Los Aztecas leader Cesar Vialpando.
She continued dating Cesar Vialpando into 1992, although her happiness once again is setback with the death of mother at the hands of three Ballas gangsters, who had attempting to assassinate Sweet. Kendl, outside the house, runs towards the front door but is held back by Sweet, who had witnessed his mother's death having been inside the house. She attends the funeral along with Sweet and his childhood friend Ryder. The three are later joined by Big Smoke and Carl, returning for his mother's funeral. She is initially glad to see Carl but quickly leaves to return to Cesar, arguing with her brother yet again.
Carl later walks into an argument between the two, again regarding Cesar, with Kendl criticizing her brother's lifestyle and for being racist, while Sweet claims that Kendl looks like a hooker. Kendl storms out of his house and goes to Unity Station to meet Cesar. Sweet tells Carl to follow her, so he can see what his problem is with Cesar. Carl follows, obtaining a low rider, and winning a low-rider challenge, which impresses Cesar. The two, with help from Kendl, agree to be 'cool, for now'. The two meet, again with Kendl, on their way to an illegal low-rider street race, which Carl also wins.
Life in exile
Kendl continues to live with Cesar until the arrest of brother, which also results in Smoke and Ryder assuming leadership roles in the Grove Street Families, allying them with the C.R.A.S.H., Ballas, Los Santos Vagos and the Russian Mafia. The new alliance takes control of the Varrios Los Azteca's territory, forcing Kendl and Cesar to flee to Angel Pine in Whetstone, where they briefly meet Carl. There she helps convince Cesar not to return to Los Santos, saying she did not want to lose him over some 'macho bullshit', and reveals her suspicions about Smoke to Carl, asking how he as a gangster could afford a new house.
Carl later phones Cesar to tell him to bring Kendl to San Fierro, where he was about to set up after winning the deeds to a garage. The garage, run down and out of business, is viewed by Carl as a disaster but by Kendl as an opportunity to build a business up from scratch. Carl, with help from The Truth, returns with two new mechanics, Dwaine and Jethro, and Kendl begins to run the business for her brother. During this time she complains to Carl and Cesar that workers on a building site next to the garage had been harassing her, leading to Carl killing the workers and locking the foreman into a portable toilet, which was pushed into a hole and covered with concrete in revenge.
Kendl is later shown to complain about the laziness of Carl, Cesar, Dwaine and Jethro, saying that this was to be their opportunity but realises that the four were awaiting news from Zero on how they were to steal a Uranus for the Wang Cars showroom. She, at some point not seen during the games storyline, meets Wu Zi Mu of the Triads, joining him at The Four Dragons Casino to judge auditions, along with Carl, for the casino's entertainment. There she also meets rapper Madd Dogg, who had been saved by Carl and who wanted help in reclaiming his mansion from Big Poppa, a Los Santos Vagos drug dealer. Kendl later phones Carl to say that she and Cesar were going to San Fierro to finish off some things with the garage.
Return to Los Santos
Kendl and Cesar later visit Madd Dogg's mansion, which was successfully taken back, and sit with the recently paroled Sweet, Gurning Chimps lead singer Maccer and The Truth as the news covers the arrest and trial of Frank Tenpenny, the corrupt leader of C.R.A.S.H.. The group watch in horror as Tenpenny is found not guilty and riots ensue around the poorer neighborhoods of the city. Cesar, around this time, also asks Carl if Sweet would be okay about him proposing marriage to Kendl, although this question remains unanswered.
Kendl and Cesar, while Carl and Sweet were killing Smoke and Tenpenny and destroying Smoke's drugs manufacturing plant, go to the Johnson House. After Tenpenny crashes his fire truck off a bridge and into Grove Street, she and Cesar go to witness his final moments along with Carl, Sweet and The Truth, who had been chasing him. She and Cesar stay at the Johnson house and meets with Maccer, Kent Paul, Madd Dogg and Ken Rosenberg, suggesting that to celebrate they should go 'roll some dice with Woozie'.
Kendl is depicted as intelligent, and pragmatic, suggesting that she could be successful within the bounds of law, as her determination to turn Carl's garage from a run down building into a thriving business.She also possesses entrepreneurial talents, strong willpower, creativity, and a sense of leadership. She has little tolerance for whining or complaining, which causes CJ and others to regard her as a bit bossy.
- Kendl only appears in cutscenes and not in actual missions, despite accompanying Cesar in the mission High Stakes, Low Rider. During the mission she is replaced by a street pedestrian.
Mission appearances
- GTA San Andreas
- The Introduction
- Sweet & Kendl
- Cesar Vialpando
- High Stakes, Low Rider
- King in Exile
- Wear Flowers in Your Hair
- Deconstruction
- Zeroing In
- A Home in the Hills
- Riot
- End of the Line
- Cut Mission
Kendl introducing her brother Carl to her boyfriend Cesar Vialpando.
Kendl, Carl Johnson and Cesar Vialpando discussing the future of Carl's garage.
Artwork of Kendl with Cesar Vialpando.


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Leiter offers Marlins insight into young arms
JUPITER, Fla. -- The first bit of advice for any young pitcher is there are going to be growing pains.
It's inevitable, especially on a young Marlins staff.
JUPITER, Fla. -- The first bit of advice for any young pitcher is there are going to be growing pains.
It's inevitable, especially on a young Marlins staff.
Former big league left-hander, Al Leiter discussed some of the points to pay attention to with young pitchers on Monday morning. Leiter, a former Marlin, was in town on assignment with MLB Network.
"The safest way to proceed with young pitchers is that, the psyche and the mentality is very fragile," Leiter said.
The Marlins revamped their roster and rotation by a number of offseason trades, including dealing Josh Johnson and Mark Buehrle to the Blue Jays.
"The picture that's painted from the outside is, it's not going to be a very good year, based on what they did this winter," Leiter said. "That's not like, 'Red Alert.' You've got to buy into them. You've got to see and trust that they're going to struggle. And the bumps are going to be -- inconsistent with command.
"If their stuff gets worse, then that's a red flag to be concerned. But if stuff is good, each and every start, if you can build on something that they did within the game that made mistakes. Whether it was in critical times during the game, and there was an opportunity to maybe pitch around a guy, pitch backwards to get to a lesser hitter."
In other words, build on the positives and dissect the negatives, pinpointing how to polish things up.
The bottom line is, the best teacher is experience. And sometimes the numbers won't tell the whole story.
"You can only learn that on a big league mound, in a big league setting and experience," Leiter said. "If you have a 5.00 ERA, oh well. You want the 3.00. But I would say, as a staff, as a pitching coach, as a manager, as a front office, you look for the guys with the plus stuff."
Joe Frisaro is a reporter for MLB.com. He writes a blog, called The Fish Pond. Follow him on Twitter Miami Marlins, Matt Diaz, Jose Fernandez, Placido Polanco, Donovan Solano, Giancarlo Stanton

subset: commoncrawl


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Exploring Hydrocarbon Depletion
dohboi wrote:http://ecowatch.com/2016/03/14/atlantic-salmon-extinct/
Atlantic Salmon Is All But Extinct as a Genetically Eroded Version of Farmed Salmon Has Taken Over
Hansen's co-author Eric Rignot said in an email that the exploration of such extreme scenarios was justified "because they are not unlikely, and they are more likely than the more conservative scenarios branded by [United Nations] reports."
"Ice sheet loss is non linear by nature," said Rignot. "You push the ice sheet one way, they do not react; you push them more, they start reacting; you keep pushing and they fall apart. … If we get there, we won't be able to fix it."
Kim Cobb, a climate scientist specializing in ancient climate change, agrees that the Hansen study is useful mostly because it explores the worst-case scenario. "My bet is on non-linearities kicking in that we cannot yet measure adequately," Cobb said in an email. "In that way I think it's important to explore the upper limits."
kiwichick wrote:The Guardian reports that the Great Barrier Reef is suffering from it's worst ever coral bleaching............ the scientist that did the aerial survey is pessimistic about the prospects for recovery............the reef is one of the most popular destinations of tourists to Australia..........and a very important source of jobs for the local Queenslanders
When the water receded after Hurricane Milo of 2030, there was a foot of sand covering the famous bow-tie floor in the lobby of the Fontainebleau hotel in Miami Beach. A dead manatee floated in the pool where Elvis had once swum. Most of the damage occurred not from the hurricane's 175-mph winds, but from the 24-foot storm surge that overwhelmed the low-lying city. In South Beach, the old art-deco buildings were swept off their foundations. Mansions on Star Island were flooded up to their cut-glass doorknobs. A 17-mile stretch of Highway A1A that ran along the famous beaches up to Fort Lauderdale disappeared into the Atlantic. The storm knocked out the wastewater-treatment plant on Virginia Key, forcing the city to dump hundreds of millions of gallons of raw sewage into Biscayne Bay. Tampons and condoms littered the beaches, and the stench of human excrement stoked fears of cholera. More than 800 people died, many of them swept away by the surging waters that submerged much of Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale; 13 people were killed in traffic accidents as they scrambled to escape the city after the news spread – falsely, it turned out – that one of the nuclear reactors at Turkey Point, an aging power plant 24 miles south of Miami, had been destroyed by the surge and sent a radioactive cloud over the city.
The president, of course, said Miami would be back, that the hurricane did not kill the city, and that Americans did not give up. But it was clear to those not fooling themselves that this storm was the beginning of the end. With sea levels more than a foot higher than they'd been at the dawn of the century, South Florida was wet, vulnerable and bankrupt. Attempts had been made to armor the coastline, to build sea walls and elevate buildings, but it was a futile undertaking. The coastline from Miami Beach up to Jupiter had been a little more than a series of rugged limestone crags since the mid-2020s, when the state, unable to lay out $100 million every few years to pump in fresh sand, had given up trying to save South Florida's world-famous beaches. In that past decade, tourist visits had plummeted by 40 percent, even after the Florida legislature agreed to allow casino gambling in a desperate attempt to raise revenue for storm protection. The city of Homestead, in southern Miami-Dade County, which had been flattened by Hurricane Andrew in 1992, had to be completely abandoned. Thousands of tract homes were bulldozed because they were a public health hazard. In the parts of the county that were still inhabitable, only the wealthiest could afford to insure their homes. Mortgages were nearly impossible to get, mostly because banks didn't believe the homes would be there in 30 years. At high tide, many roads were impassable, even for the most modern semiaquatic vehicles.
But Hurricane Milo was unexpectedly devastating. Because sea-level rise had already pushed the water table so high, it took weeks for the storm waters to recede. Salt water corroded underground wiring, leaving parts of the city dark for months. Drinking-water wells were ruined. Interstate 95 was clogged with cars and trucks stuffed with animals and personal belongings, as hundreds of thousands of people fled north to Orlando, the highest ground in central Florida. Developers drew up plans for new buildings on stilts, but few were built. A new flexible carbon-fiber bridge was proposed to link Miami Beach with the mainland, but the bankrupt city couldn't secure financing and the project fell apart. The skyscrapers that had gone up during the Obama years were gradually abandoned and used as staging grounds for drug runners and exotic-animal traffickers. A crocodile nested in the ruins of the Pérez Art Museum.
And still, the waters kept rising, nearly a foot each decade. By the latter end of the 21st century, Miami became something else entirely: a popular snorkeling spot where people could swim with sharks and sea turtles and explore the wreckage of a great American city...
...Sea-level rise is not a hypothetical disaster. It is a physical fact of life on a warming planet, the basic dynamics of which even a child can understand: Heat melts ice. Since the 1920s, the global average sea level has risen about nine inches, mostly from the thermal expansion of the ocean water. But thanks to our 200-year-long fossil-fuel binge, the great ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are starting to melt rapidly now, causing the rate of sea-level rise to grow exponentially. The latest research, including an assessment by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, suggests that sea level could rise more than six feet by the end of the century. James Hansen, the godfather of global-warming science, has argued that it could increase as high as 16 feet by then – and Wanless believes that it could continue rising a foot each decade after that. "With six feet of sea-level rise, South Florida is toast," says Tom Gustafson, a former Florida speaker of the House and a climate-change-policy advocate. Even if we cut carbon pollution overnight, it won't save us. Ohio State glaciologist Jason Box has said he believes we already have 70 feet of sea-level rise baked into the system.
100% death rate of baby seals on California coast — "None have survived" — "Many are starving, suffering from shortage of food in Pacific Ocean" — "Extremely thin… all sorts of illnesses, infections" — "Milkless moms immediately abandoning pups" — TV: "The problem is getting worse" (VIDEOS)
Local Official: Alarm over very sick animals washing ashore in Alaska — Fish bleeding from face, bloody entrails coming out of body — "We are very much aware of the possibility of radiation from Fukushima affecting ocean life" (PHOTOS)
TV: Radiation in ocean off Fukushima at highest levels in years — Out of control leakage coming from plant — 'Big spikes' in radioactivity observed — "Surprising… Concerning… Crisis" — 1,000s of tons of contaminated liquid being released — Scientists: Japan gov't covering up situation (AUDIO)
Cid_Yama wrote:From the sidebar of the Alaskan Seabird Die-off article at Energy News.100% death rate of baby seals on California coast — "None have survived" — "Many are starving, suffering from shortage of food in Pacific Ocean" — "Extremely thin… all sorts of illnesses, infections" — "Milkless moms immediately abandoning pups" — TV: "The problem is getting worse" (VIDEOS)
Local Official: Alarm over very sick animals washing ashore in Alaska — Fish bleeding from face, bloody entrails coming out of body — "We are very much aware of the possibility of radiation from Fukushima affecting ocean life" (PHOTOS)
TV: Radiation in ocean off Fukushima at highest levels in years — Out of control leakage coming from plant — 'Big spikes' in radioactivity observed — "Surprising… Concerning… Crisis" — 1,000s of tons of contaminated liquid being released — Scientists: Japan gov't covering up situation (AUDIO)
Alaska is very close to Japan. (look at a globe) The Kuroshio current runs past Japan to Alaska.
Hey, Cog, how about some Alaskan Pollock? Bon Apetit!
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Music videos are almost a forgotten art form and the '80s offered some of the most imaginative. Here's a RAD playlist featuring the best of the best.
Did we miss one? Let us know and leave a comment below. If worthy of this playlist - we'll be sure to add it.


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Technical Details
|Download driver for: SONY VPCY21CGX/B
|Supported System
|Windows 7, Windows 10, Windows XP, Windows 8, Windows Vista, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2003
|File Size
|5812 kb
|Marvell Atheros AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter Driver forSONY VPCY21CGX/B
Marvell Atheros AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter Driver for Windows7 64bit
The Safest Way to Update Sony Drivers
There are numerous of frequent alerts along with other messages that you could get in the driver upgrading procedure, a number of which I've paraphrased and listed here along with guidance on what to do:
QUESTION: 1. I downloaded the Vaio Care Pro but it is not going to work. I click on the Windows update and it did not try to download it. Should I have downloaded the simple Vaio Care without the PRO added to it?
2. I used to touch AV mode and increase or decrease the volume by touch, is there a driver that I should download?
3. I wanted to replace my battery pack. Encompass is the recomended place by Sony where you can purchase parts, but darn, it cost $216 while Laptopcharge.com has a compatible battey for this vaio for $55. They said it is the compatible battery for my laptop and it has two years warranty on the battery. Apparently, Encompass said that original batteries are not available anymore. Is there something that I have to know. What a price difference!
I would appreciate it if anyone can help me with these issues!
ANSWER: It's sad to hear that you are getting problems after upgrading to Windows 10.
1. Where did you get the Vaio Care Pro? I suggest that you download the VAIO Care?
2. For the Touch Sensor A/V Slide Control, download the drivers under Notebook Control and Utilities which includes the VAIO Launcher Software and Setting Utility Series.
3. We always recommend to use a Sony brand battery to make sure that it's compatible and will work well on your device. We can't guarantee the quality of a non-Sony batteries.
To get the full list of compatible drivers and software for your laptop, kindly visit the link below. https://esupport.sony.com/US/p/model-home.pl?mdl=VGNCS290&template_id=1®ion_id=1&tab=download#/downloadTab
Method to Update Driver with Device Manager
1. Open Control Panel
Depending on your version of Windows, Control Panel is usually available from the Start Menu or the Apps screen.
Note: If you don't see these options, your Control Panel view may be set to Large icons, Small icons, or Classic View, depending on your version of Windows. If so, find and choose Device Manager from the big collection of icons you see and then skip to Step 3 below.
2. Open Device Manager
From the open Control Panel window, click System, choose the Hardware tab, and then click the Device Manager button.
3. In Device Manager, you can check for updates, update your drivers or troubleshoot driver problems
To download and update the driver for SONY VPCY21CGX/B yourself (If you know computers well)
It's best to let Windows install device drivers automatically. But if Windows can't find a driver for your SONY VPCY21CGX/B, you can look for a driver on the manufacturer's website of SONY. Driver updates are often available in the support section of such sites.
Once you find the updated driver, follow the installation instructions on the website. Most drivers are self-installing—after you download them, you usually double-click the file to begin the installation, and then the driver installs itself on your computer. What you should know is that a wrong driver may cause system malfunctioning which you should be careful about. Download a professional driver updater or find a geek to help you.
Too Complicated for You? Don't Worry! Download & Try DriverTuner
1. Download a Professional Driver Updating Tool and double click it to install
2. Scan your computer for outdated drivers. Select the drivers(here you should choose SONY VPCY21CGX/B) which need to be updated and click download. Or you can just check SELECT ALL.
3. When the drivers are downloaded, click SETUP to install them. That's it. Your driver for SONY VPCY21CGX/B has been updated. Sometimes you need to reboot your computer to put the changes into use.
|Fix Driver Problems
|Driver Update Tool
Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista and XP


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Now that the new year is finally upon us, we can look back at what the world of fashion brought us in terms of trends in 2012 while looking ahead toward 2013. Overall, 2012 was a good year for fashion with designers like Riccardo Tisci running both the street and high-fashion game and colourful trainers popping up with every kind of outfit imaginable.
On the other hand, certain designs, prints, and expressions became so ubiquitous that we hope to be rid of them for a good while. Take a look below for the full list of trends from 2012 we hope don't resurface in 2013.
1. Camouflage
Ironic as it may be, in 2012 you couldn't rotate your head 360-degrees without laying your eyes on some form of camouflage or another. While the classic print has always been a staple of streetwear and even some high-fashion, 2012 saw the use and then overuse of the pattern. Since the pattern is relatively simple and based off 3 or so rotating colours, it's easy for people with little penchant for aesthetic, like Mario Balotelli and his camo-wrapped Bentley GT, to butcher what was once a crowning achievement of the Cubist art movement.
That's not to say we want camo to disappear forever, on the contrary, but it would be nice to see the storied pattern take the bench for a while and come back once it's been infused with some renewed sensibility.
2. Collaborations
Yes there were plenty of good ones in 2012 but it's about time brands and designers returned to their own drawing boards again. Believe it or not, there was a time that brands focused on their own designs and used their originality to set them apart from the competition. That mindset seemed to have disappeared though in 2012 as brands reached across the aisle to collaborate with almost anyone that would take their hand.
Perhaps the most hyped collaboration of the year was between fast-fashion giant H&M and high-fashion's Maison Martin Margiela. Past collaborations between H&M and other up-scale fashion houses have been successful but this particular one seemed to fall flat. Critics pointed out different reasons for the sluggish sales, but most seem to agree that Margiela's avant-garde designs were a little too avant-garde for the global retailer and the overproduction of each piece was simply too high given the demand. Many pieces from the collection were nice of course, but each company's demographics didn't mesh this time around. Hopefully this collaboration's lacklustre turnout will serve as a reminder to future would-be collaborators to know when to hold them and when to fold them.
3. Snapbacks
The snapback experienced a revitalization in 2012 unseen since the early 90s when hip-hop pioneers like N.W.A. and Tupac adorned them on both album covers and live shows. Like most trends, snapbacks were welcomed with open arms at first but it was only a matter of time before anyone with access to either a mall or the internet could be seen wearing one.
Social media rappers like Mac Miller helped popularize their presence with songs like the aptly titled "Snap Back", which seemed more like a general advertisement for the eponymous product than actual music. Although the song was released in 2011, the trend carried well into 2012 and only became more and more ridiculous as caps became louder and louder. Needless to say, we hope snapbacks remain as a fond 2012 memory and don't continue to drag their garish, gaudy bodies through 2013.
Image: Joe Seer
If there's one acronym that represents the year 2012 it is without a doubt YOLO. Unless you've been exiled to Siberia, you know the acronym is short for "you only live once" and was popularized by Canadian rapper Drake in "The Motto". You'd think with how popular the term has become, the idea behind it and all it implies was just recently thought of. Much to those believers chagrin, the term has been around in some form or another for the better part of the past 2,000 years.
The great Roman poet Horace first used the term "carpe diem" in the Latin poem Odes 1.11, urging listeners to "seize the day" as we cannot know what tomorrow holds. Unlike Drake however, Horace was fine with people using the term to better their lives instead of asking for royalties anytime it popped up. "Memento mori" is another related phrase meaning "remember you will die" which now represents an entire genre of artworks all based around reminding people of their mortality. YOLO, on the other hand, seems to represent misinformed tweens on Tumblr and their lack of punctuation. The bad news is that unless the internet police decide to ban the entirety of the photo blogging site, YOLO won't be gone any time soon.
5. All-Over Prints
2012 was bolder than previous years in terms of men's fashion with brands across the board releasing adventurous all-over prints. Just like camouflage, the idea itself we love but the market can only contain so many variations before it becomes saturated. The all-over print trend seemed to start with tops and quickly found its ways to bottoms and caps. One of the most blaring examples from 2012 was the $90,000 Air Yeezy 2 T-Shirt which featured countless pairs of platinum grey Yeezy 2s.
We've already seen plenty of all-over prints as part of Spring/Summer 2013 collections that will be released soon, but here's hoping to a minimally convoluted season and one of the last for a while.
6. Meggings
Another curious trend that seemed to pop up on fashion blogs all over the world was men in leggings or "meggings". In what seemed like a real-life Robin Hood: Men in Tights, fashion forward thinking men could be seen wearing full-length to medium-length tights under different types of shorts. Some were even daring enough to go without shorts, publicizing an unnecessary and detailed outline of their male protuberances and thereby revealing the problem with men's leggings. Simply put, the male anatomy was not meant to be tucked under a restrictive albeit technical material for extended periods of time.
Thus, it should come as no surprise that we hope meggings are reserved to running in cold weather and running in cold weather only. Only time will tell of course but for now your prayers are greatly appreciated.
7. Parodies
I feel like an old scrooge putting this list together but while I'm at it I may as well throw in parodies. No, I'm not talking about low budget B-list movie parodies like the straight-to-DVD Breaking Wind (although those should stop, too), but companies who spoof another company's logo or design. Logo spoofing was all fun and games at first but the message soon became trite and meaningless.
Similar to collaborating, spoofing a widely recognized logo simply plays off of existing ideas instead of exploring new ones. Sure it can be done tastefully and cleverly but with the abundance of parodies we saw in 2012, we hope 2013 makes a 180 and starts focusing on original ideas once again.
We could go on forever with trends and things in general we hope don't continue into 2013, but there isn't the time nor resources for something that ambitious. Having said that, there are plenty of good things to look forward to in 2013 like no longer having to deal with end-of-the-world conspiracists on a daily basis for one. Let us know which trends you hope don't continue in 2013 as well as which ones you're looking forward to in the comment section below.


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Puberty is the time during which a person's sexual and physical characteristics mature. Precocious puberty is when these body changes happen earlier than normal.
Pubertas praecox
Puberty usually begins between ages 8 and 14 for girls and ages 9 and 16 for boys.
The exact age a child enters puberty depends on a number of factors, including family history, nutrition, and gender.
Often there is no clear cause for precocious puberty. Some cases are due to changes in the brain, genetic problems, or certain tumors that release hormones. These conditions include:
In girls, precocious puberty is when any of the following develop before age 8:
In boys, precocious puberty is when any of the following develop before age 9:
The doctor will perform a physical exam to check for signs of precocious puberty.
Tests that may be ordered include:
Depending on the cause, treatment for precocious puberty may include:
Children who go through puberty too early may not reach their full height because growth stops too early.
Children with early sexual development may have psychological and social problems. Children and adolescents want to be the same as their peers. Early sexual development can make them appear different. Parents can support their child by explaining the condition and how the doctor plans to treat it.
See your health care provider if:
Garibaldi L, Chemaitilly W. Disorders of pubertal development. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW III, et al., eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 556.
Styne DM, Grumbach MM. Puberty: ontogeny, neuroendocrinology, physiology, and disorders. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed, S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 12th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Saunders; 2011: chap 25. 24.


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From Dalí to Rembrandt, 9 Artists Whose Mothers Became Their Muses
The Art Genome Project
Image rights: 162 x 139 mm (6 ⅜ x 5 ½ inches) Bartsch 289, White/Boon second state (of three); Hind 134; The New Hollstein 152 third state (of six)
A prolific painter, draftsman, and etcher, Rembrandt van Rijn is considered the greatest artist of Holland's Golden Age. He worked from direct observation, and despite the evolution of his style over the course of his career, Rembrandt's compelling descriptions of light, space, atmosphere, modeling, texture, and human affect are the result of intense perceptual study. A prominent portraitist, Rembrandt is most famous for The Night Watch (1642), a monumental painting of militia guards that features Rembrandt's distinctive use of chiaroscuro.
Dutch, 1606-1669, Leiden, Netherlands, based in Amsterdam and Leiden, Holland
From Dalí to Rembrandt, 9 Artists Whose Mothers Became Their Muses
The Art Genome Project
The Advantages of Buying Prints over Unique Artworks
Artsy Specialist
A Brief History of Color in Art
The Art Genome Project


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Keystone fears resonate along New England pipeline
Congress asking for review
Keystone fears resonate along New England pipeline
Congress asking for review
SUTTON, Vt. —
Canadian officials insist they have no plans to reverse the flow of a major pipeline carrying oil from a Maine port to Montreal.
That has done little to reassure New England towns that are against the idea and the 18 members of Congress asking for a full environmental review.
Environmentalists in the U.S. and Canada started raising the alarm about what they call "tar sands" oil being moved through northern New England several months ago.
They say oil from western Canada is thicker and more corrosive than regular crude and more likely to spill and cause an environmental disaster.
Similar concerns are being raised in the middle of the U.S. with the proposed extension of the Keystone pipeline.


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Terramar Productions is a full-service video and digital production company managing the acquisition and post-production processes from concept to completion. Since 2001, our clientele have included advertising agencies, independent producers, Hollywood, government agencies, broadcasters, commercial and scientific industries, zoos and aquaria, and more. We have evolved through standard-definition video to hi-definition video and now into tape-less video acquisition and production.
Our philosophy:
- A strong work ethic!
- To provide an affordable, high-quality media product on time and on budget.
- To work with our clients to provide an effective product that meets or exceeds their needs.


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Ricardo MarcanoChicago Cubs
Third Baseman | Ht: | Wt:
|Cubs | Sign two
Wed, 06 Jul 2011 07:43:50 -0700
The Chicago Cubs have agreed to terms with Venezuelan 16-year-olds C Mark Malave and 3B Ricardo Marcano on undisclosed deals. Malave is a 6-foot-1, 200-pound switch-hitting catcher with a strong arm and was expected to be among the top-paid catchers in Latin America this year. Marcano is 6-foot-2, 180 pounds and stands out for his left-handed swing, though he may end up in the outfield.
|Comment (0)
|| Share:
|| Source: Baseball America - Ben Badler


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Reviewed By Beckie M (Marysville, WA) Reviewed for a 1999 BMW 3-Series —3/5/2011 7:03 AM
New wipers replaced my older pair of PIAA wipers. Best brand we have ever owned. Window is nice and clear, they last for a long time. I accidentally ordered the Super Silicone instead of the Sporza. They still work great, but I prefer the look of the Sporza style. I would recommend these to anyone. All of out cars have the PIAA wipers.


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Help Us keep Our Environment Safe:Call the Environmental Response Line At 954-519-1499 Or Fill Out A Complaint Form On-Line
Environmental Complaint: This term applies to any information regarding an alleged environmental violation or problem received from the public that falls within the jurisdiction of Department regulations. This excludes information regarding an emergency notification
Emergency Notification: Self-reported notification of releases or problems required by either the Broward County Code or license.
Air Quality
Aquatic and Wetland Resources
Hazardous Material
Hazardous Material
Smoking Vehicles
Report Smoking Vehicles
Smoking Vehicles (None)
In the following areas only:
Tree Preservation
Cities with certified programs unless property is owned or controlled by Broward County, School Board or is Environmental Designated Lands
Tree Trimmer Licensing call (954) 765-4400 Ext. 2
Waste Management and Waste Transporters
Waste Management and Waste Transporters
Water Resource Management
Water Resource Management
Air QualityOdor
Incidents involving the release of air pollutants from a stationary commercial/industrial establishment or business that cause objectionable odors. An example would include odors from a malfunctioning sewage lift station.
Specific Cautions: Do not confront any individual causing the problem.
Details to Note: From a safe distance:
When you call the environmental response hot line at 954-519-1499, please mention any and all of these details in your report.
Environmental Effect: Odors may be a sign that a pollutant is being emitted into the atmosphere. These pollutants may decrease air quality and cause air pollution.
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NoiseBroward County regulates excessive noise from commercial, industrial and institutional sources that may create a public nuisance. The code establishes maximum allowable sound levels that may not be exceeded. Certain sources of noise are not regulated under the code. These include single and multi-family residential sources, restaurants, night clubs, motor vehicles, boats, trains and aircraft. Staff conduct inspections to determine the source of noise, to assess whether the noise exceeds allowable levels, and often communicate with operators at the source of the noise to identify mitigating measures.
Unconfined Emissions
Technically defined as finely divided solid particulate material that is airborne, may occur from a variety of activities around the county, such as:
Incidents involving the release of dust into the outdoor atmosphere without taking reasonable efforts to prevent a release. Examples of reasonable efforts are:
Specific Cautions: If at all possible, do not inhale the dust. Move to an area not impacted by the dust.Details to Note: From a safe distance:
Environmental Effect: Heavy dust or other airborne particles affect visibility, public health, and air quality.
Sanding or Spray Painting
Businesses and residents are allowed to sand and spray paint outside. However, they are required to take reasonable precautions to contain the dust and paint droplets (a.k.a overspray) generated from sanding and spray painting activities.
A business or person may sand or paint a vehicle outside as long as reasonable precautions are in place to prevent the paint dust or droplets from drifting off of their property or impacting the environment. Examples of reasonable precautions may include, but are not limited to:
Incidents involving pollutants which exist in a droplet or dust form. These pollutants escape into the environment from sanding, scraping, or spray painting operations.
Specific Cautions: Do not approach the area or confront the person conducting the sanding or spray painting activity. If at all possible move up wind of the source of the pollution.
When you call the environmental response hot line at 954-519-1499 , please mention any and all of these details in your report.
Environmental Effect: Contamination of water may affect wildlife. Airborne particles may affect visibility, air quality, and public health.
Visible Air Emissions
Broward County regulates visible emissions (smoke) from sources of air pollution. Regulated sources are typically commercial or industrial fuel combustion operations (e.g. crematories). The code establishes certain limits for the density (opacity) of smoke. Air quality compliance inspectors are trained in identifying theses allowable levels and conduct inspections to verify compliance with the provisions in code.
Improper Asbestos Removal
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has established regulations to protect the public from exposure to asbestos fibers that may result from the disturbance and/or removal of asbestos containing building products during the renovation or demolition of public, commercial, industrial and certain types of residential structures. Through an agreement with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), Broward County is authorized to ensure compliance with the federal asbestos regulations. The asbestos compliance program requires a submittal of a notification for demolition and building renovation projects and inspections by Broward County staff.
Open Burning
Outside burning of garbage, trash, vegetative debris, or demolition waste is prohibited and should be reported. Very few open burning operations are allowed in Broward County and these require prior notification to the Department. These include small ceremonial bonfires, fire-fighter training exercises, agricultural burning, and prescribed silviculture burning.
Specific Cautions: Do not confront any individual causing the problem. Do not breathe the smoke.
Environmental Effect: Smoke or other airborne particles affect visibility, public health, and air quality.
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Aquatic and Wetland Resources
Impacts to Wetlands or Mangroves / Dredging or Filling in a Waterbody / Dock or Seawall Construction
Incidents involving any of the following activities are regulated:
Specific Cautions: Do not confront individuals
Details to note:
Environmental Effect: Mangroves help to filter upland run-off, stabilize bottom sediments, maintain water quality and protect shorelines from erosion. Loss of wetlands results in loss of breeding, nursery and feeding areas for fish and wildlife.
Impacts to the Reef Community
Incidents involving:
Impacts to the reef community by small boats can be avoided if boat owners and captains utilize one of the numerous, permanent mooring buoy anchors installed near the reef throughout the County.
Only individuals that possess current permits for collection of corals or "live rock" may take live, healthy stony corals and octo-corals. Known violations should be reported to the Florida Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) at (1-888-404-3922 or *FWC from a cell phone), Large ships waiting berthing in Port Everglades must use the designated anchorage south of the Port channel. Suspected or confirmed violations should be reported directly to the U.S. Coast Guard, Station Fort Lauderdale at 954-927-1611 .The requirements are that the ship's anchor be located in the anchorage. The ship itself may swing outside of the boundaries.
Specific Cautions: Do not approach or confront an individual collecting coral or causing reef damage. Keep your distance from any ship anchored off of Port Everglades.
Environmental Effect: Potential loss of slow growing coral and upsetting the balance of the reef community, which is very valuable to the marine environment.
Hazardous Material Discharges
Hazardous materials are substances that, because of their chemical nature, pose a potential risk to life, health, and/or the environment if they are released. The hazards associated with these substances can exist during production, storage, transportation, use, or disposal. Examples of some common hazardous materials include: motor oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, pool chlorine, paint thinner, anti-freeze, mercury thermometers, pesticides, and herbicides.
Incidents involving the release (leaks, spills, accidents) or potential release of hazardous materials into the environment. Hazardous material releases may occur from a variety of incidents including vehicular accidents, leaking containers, improper secondary containment, improper fueling, equipment failure, illegal disposal, improper maintenance, and train derailments.
Specific Cautions: Do not approach any hazardous materials release, inhale vapors, or touch or taste the released materials. Always keep your safety foremost in your mind and call 911 if the release is an emergency situation.
Environmental Effect: Releases can contaminate the air and ground or can migrate to and contaminate storm drains, canals, lakes, and groundwater potentially threatening our drinking water supply. Additionally, certain hazardous material releases can cause severe burning of the eyes, noise, throat, and skin or may cause other adverse and irreversible health effects.
Discovery of Contamination
Incidents involving the detection of petroleum products or chemicals in the soil, surface water, or groundwater, such as oil spills on land or water, chemical spills, or leaking underground storage tanks. Discolored soil or petroleum odors in groundwater are signs that contamination may be present.
Example of contamination in water, with absorbent pads placed on contamination to soak it up. Yellow boom contains the contamination in small area.
Specific Cautions: Do not touch, smell, or taste contaminants, contaminated soil, or water.
Look for visibly stained soils and note size of contaminated areaLabels, names, phone numbers, or markings from any suspected source
Environmental Effect: Contamination of our natural resources can migrate to storm sewers, canals, lakes, and impact our groundwater, and potentially threaten our drinking water supply.
Hazardous Material Facilities
Hazardous material facility is any site or area, excluding vehicles used solely for the transportation of people or property, where either of the following occurs:
Storage Tank Systems
Broward County regulates the storage of hazardous materials in above ground and under ground storage tanks. Storage tanks regulated have capacities greater than 550 gallons if they are above ground and greater than 110 gallons if they are underground. Tanks of smaller volumes are regulated under the Hazardous Material regulations.
Abandoned Drums
Abandoned drums or similar containers that are left by roadsides, in ditches, on empty lots, or in abandoned warehouses may contain dangerous hazardous waste/chemicals. These drums of toxic waste/chemicals are usually "abandoned" to avoid the cost of proper and safe disposal. Leaking abandoned drums potentially create a health risk for individuals who accidentally ingest or touch the drums' contents, contaminated surface water, groundwater, sludge or soils around the drums. In addition, leaking drums can also contaminate soils, surface water and groundwater and pose a threat to our water supply. So, if you see an abandoned drum, please report it promptly! Call 911 if the drum or container is bulging, hissing, leaking, releasing a vapor cloud, or there are dead animals in the vicinity.
Smoking Vehicles
Incidents involving gasoline-powered motor vehicles which generate visible emissions of smoke from the exhaust pipe for more than a continuous period of 5-seconds or diesel-powered motor vehicles which generate visible emissions of smoke from the exhaust pipe for more than a continuous period of 5 seconds while in the cruise mode or idle mode.
Specific Cautions: Do not confront the individual operating the motor vehicle.
When you call the environmental response hot line at 954-519-1499, please mention any and all of these details in your report as they are required for follow-up actions.
Environmental Effects: The exhaust from motor vehicles account for more than 50% of the air pollution in Broward County. Additionally, ten percent (10%) of vehicles cause about 50% of the total air pollution generated by motor vehicles.
Smoking Vehicle Complaint Form
Tree removal, abuse, and protection from construction
Tree protection and preservation is regulated by Broward County except in municipalities that have received certification from the Environmental Protection and Growth Management Department. Broward County retains jurisdiction on all properties owned or controlled by Broward County, the Broward County School Board, and any site designated as a Local Area of Particular Concern, Urban Wilderness Inventory Area, Natural Resource Area, or Environmentally Sensitive Land or Historic Tree. The removal of a tree in most instances requires a permit.
Definition: Incidents involving:
Specific Cautions: Do not confront individuals.
Environmental Effect: Loss of trees results in a loss of oxygen production and air purification, an increase in soil erosion, an increase in airborne particulates, a loss of habitat for wildlife and a loss of aesthetic comfort. Since trees which shade homes reduce energy consumption, a loss of trees can increase energy consumption thus increasing pollution.
Waste Management
Unauthorized Disposal of Solid Waste
Incidents involving solid waste, include the depositing, dumping, or storage of construction and demolition debris, vegetative debris, garbage, rubbish, refuse, or other discarded material by a company who should otherwise deposit the material at a landfill, recycling facility, or other authorized solid waste acceptance location.
Specific Cautions: Do not attempt to confront the operator. Keep your safety foremost in your mind.
Environmental Effect: Improperly handled solid waste can end up buried in unauthorized locations or dumped on vacant lots, run-off from the deposited solid waste could impact surface water and ground water quality.
**Local Code Enforcement should be notified for all other incidents involving the depositing of solid waste.
Waste Management Facilities
Improper disposal and management of solid waste and the unauthorized presence of hazardous materials results in or contributes to air and water pollution, land blight, and nuisance conditions. Broward County requires that certain solid waste activities and facilities, transfer stations, and waste transporters be managed to eliminate deleterious effects upon the quality of air, water, soil, animal, environmental and human health.Borrow pits are regulated aquatic resources created by excavation of land. The process of reclaiming a borrow pit back to land by filling with fill material is referred as a borrow pit reclamation project.A transfer station is any site, location area, or facility whose primary purpose is to store, hold, or process discarded hazardous materials, sludge, or biomedical waste, prior to or during transport to a processing or disposal facility. Excluded from this definition are industrial wastewater treatment systems and industrial wastewater basins.Solid waste management facilities are landfills, solid waste disposal areas, borrow pit reclamation areas, compost areas, material recovery areas, volume reduction plants, transfer stations, waste tire processing or collection area, or other facility, the purpose of which is recovery, disposal, recycling, depositing, processing, or storage of solid waste and fill material. The term does not include recovered materials processing facilities.
Waste Transporters
A waste transporter is any person or entity who at any time carries, conveys, bears, or transports discarded hazardous materials, sludge, or biomedical waste for commercial purposes. Broward County issues licenses to authorize the transportation of these materials to, from and within Broward County.
Discharges Into Storm Drains
Storm drains (also referred to as storm sewers) are used to control stormwater runoff only. Stormwater runoff is water from the rain which flows from streets, lawns and rooftops over the ground or pavement without soaking into the ground. The storm drain system includes residential swale areas, roadside ditches, gutters, inlets, catch basins, and underground pipes that collect stormwater and carry it away from our streets, parking lots and yards into nearby waterways. Water entering storm drains does not go through a sewage treatment plant, but flows directly into nearby waterways without treatment. Therefore, nothing should ever be placed or allowed to enter into a storm drain except rain water - "only rain down the drain".
Example of a storm drain (left)
Example of a discharge from a storm drain leading into the New River (right)
Incidents involving potential illicit discharges into storm drain systems. This may occur in residential, commercial and industrial areas. The pouring of chemicals, oils, paints, etc., into storm drains is of prime concern. Unfortunately, many people use storm drains to dispose of used oil, grass cuttings, dog feces, etc.
Specific Cautions: Do not confront individuals. Do not approach anyone dumping or disposing of hazardous materials into a storm drain. Call 911 and then call 954-519-1499.
Environmental Effect: Most storm drains discharge directly into surface water bodies. Anything put into a storm drain system has the potential to negatively impact surface water quality, may kill aquatic organisms or impair their health, growth or ability to reproduce, can foul drinking water and make recreational areas unsafe and unpleasant.
Discharges to Water Bodies
Some activities can lead to a decrease in water quality. Any redirection of surface water flow and dredge and fill projects, such as dock construction requires Broward County approval.
Incidents involving impacts to surface water that affect the quality of the water. Such incidents include discharges, runoff, dewatering operations, dredging, and filling of a waterway. Rainwater is the only discharge allowed into surface water. The appearance of cloudy water, called turbidity, is from suspended sediments or particles in the water and may decrease water quality. Examples of incidents to report include:
Example of turbidity
See HAZARDOUS MATERIALS DISCHARGES for information concerning the discharge of oil or chemicals into surface water.
Specific Cautions: Do not approach or confront any individual or construction site. Keep safety foremost on your mind.
Details to Note:
Environmental Effect: Discharges can reduce the water quality of surface water or groundwater, and potentially threaten our drinking water supply. Sediments clouding the water from turbidity make it difficult for fish to see and feed properly. Sediments can also damage fish gills and impair the feeding and breathing processes in aquatic insects that fish eat. In addition, sediments and particles can cover plant leaves, reducing the amount of sunlight reaching desirable aquatic plants.
Domestic Wastewater (Sewage) Releases
The applicability of a Domestic Wastewater (sewage) release is multipart and includes:
Example of a list station
Specific Cautions: In no case should persons come in contact with untreated wastewater. Only authorized personnel should evaluate the situation and take appropriate action. Avoid walking or playing in surface water after significant rain events.
Environmental Effect: Improper discharges of domestic wastewater (sewage) could contaminate surface and groundwater and can lead to serious health threats.
Non-Domestic (commercial or industrial) Wastewater DischargesThe Non-Domestic Wastewater/NPDES Program is responsible for licensing all facilities with non-domestic direct discharges entering Broward County's ground and surface waters. This program also conducts special surveillance and pollution source projects designed to reduce the illicit discharge of pollutants into the County's water resources. Additionally, program staff coordinate the County's NPDES Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Permit with 24 municipalities, FDOT, and unincorporated Broward County. This stormwater program is designed to identify urban non-point source pollution and abate sources through Best Management Practices (BMPs). This program also develops BMPs for industries and businesses that have a high potential of releasing pollutants into the surface and ground waters. Back to Top
Fish Kills
A sudden appearance of dead fish in a lake, pond, or canal is alarming. Most fish kills, however, result from natural events, such as the sudden lowering of oxygen levels in the water known as inversion. An inversion occurs when a combination of conditions occur simultaneously. Weather patterns, water temperature, depth and quality of water, amount and type of plant growth, fish community structure, and the presence of viruses and bacteria are all necessary to trigger a fish kill. In developed areas, runoff that contains high amounts of nutrients can produce dense growths of algae. When sunlight is available, algae use nutrients and produce oxygen through a process called photosynthesis. Most of the oxygen fish use is provided by algae. However, during large rainstorms or prolonged cloudiness, low sunlight causes algae to switch from photosynthesis to respiration. Not only does this reduce oxygen production, but the algae actually consume oxygen needed by fish. When this occurs, fish may be observed gasping for breath at the water surface. Stress induced bacterial or viral infections can cause these fish to continue to die for 3-4 days after the occurrence. This is a natural phenomenon and there is nothing that can be done to prevent fish from dying.
Incidents involving a large amount of dead fish on canals or lakes resulting from spills or illegal discharges of toxic substances. This is often caused when fertilizers or pesticides are applied to adjacent lawns and rains wash the chemicals into the water body.
Specific Cautions: Do not come in contact with the dead fish or the impacted waterway.
Environmental Effect: Fish kills may result in a total loss of fish species and/or a disruption of the food chain within the water body.
Drainage Systems / FloodingThe Surface Water Management Program is responsible for licensing construction/operation of surface water management (drainage) systems as required under the Broward County Code of Ordinances. Properly designed, constructed, operated, and maintained drainage systems remove pollutants from storm runoff prior to discharging into Broward County's surface waters and provide the required levels of flood protection in accordance with established criteria for proposed developments. A Surface water management system typically consists of a combination of storm drains, street gutters, weirs, sluice gates, dams, pumps, swales, french drains (a.k.a. exfiltration trenches), culverts, drainage wells, dry retention areas, and storm runoff treatment lakes or wetlands. The Broward County Surface Water Management Program regulates construction/operation of surface water management systems in areas of the county outside of independent drainage districts. Back to Top


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Welcome to the Virus Encyclopedia of Panda Security.
Windows CE
Autorun.KBY is a worm that spreads by copying itself, without infecting other files.
It affects productivity, preventing tasks from being carried out:
It uses stealth techniques to avoid being detected by the user:
Autorun.KBY uses the following propagation or distribution methods:


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The last Mauryan king was
Which company was a monopoly during the gilded age?
Monopoly is an economic term that describes a single company or entity controlling one hundred percent of the supply of a particular product. Carnegie Steel is one of the argest monopoly of steel industry during the Gilded age.
View Answer
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What was one way progressives differed from populists?
The one way how the progressives differed from populists is the populists are almost farmers whereas the progressives are typicaly middle class people who lives in the cities.
View answer
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Who presided over the cabinet mission?
The United Kingdom Cabinet Mission of 1946 came to India aimed to discuss the transfer of power from the British government to the Indian leadership, with the aim of preserving India's unity and granting it independence.
Sir P Lawrence presided over the cabinet mission which was formulated at the initiative of Clement Attlee, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
The term racial unconscious means that
Where was christianity founded?
Christianity was founded by hesus Christ in Jerusalem, capital of Israel.
Market regulation system was introduced by
Market regulation system was introduced by Ala-ud-Din Khilji. He was the second and the most powerful ruler of the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate in the Indian subcontinent.
The panchatantra was written during the
The panchatantra was written by Vishnu sharma, an Indian scholar during the period of Gupta rule. It is during 3rd Century BCE.
Where did Harappan civilization develop?
Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization was the first and ancient civilization which started in what now Pakistan and North West India.
The Harappan civilization existed between 3300 BC and 1300 BC.
The ruins of Mohenjo-daro is a major archaeological site that was built by this civilization and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Proposal for action plan for Marine Pollution
Dr Holly Nel, a Postdoctoral Fellow at Rhodes University's Department of Zoology and Entomology is currently assisting SST with the development of a proposal for an action plan for a marine pollution network.
With SST based in Kenton on Sea it is opportune to collaborate with Dr Nel whose original research area was the Kariega estuary but then her focus shifted moved into studying plastic pollution.
The idea for a marine pollution network was mooted at the second African Marine Debris summit which took place at Kirstenbosch from the 3rd to the 5th of June 2015 and SST was tasked to develop the proposal for an action plan for such a network.


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Nail Arts Stickers - Black and White
Black and white nail art stickers
Item No: 22107
Product Actions
- The perfect way to decorate fingers and toes
- Easy to apply
- Gently peel decal from backing & press on desired nail.
- Apply Glamnails Nail Art Top Coat to seal design.
- To remove, use nail polish remover.
We recommend using a nail polish top coat & base coat to protect both your nails & your final design.


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Search + social media, the evolving landscape
Thursday, December 10, 2009
You have undoubtedly heard about Google and Bing announcing partnerships with Twitter/Facebook/et. al. to include real time social media results into their search indexes. However, even if you did hear about it, I think few people have seen what it looks like in Google's environment, so I recorded this short video for the search term "Copenhagen". Have a look. (Bing takes a slightly different, segmented approach.)
Key Takeaways:
- These results are pulled into the first page of Google, there are substantial reputation issues to consider
- These updates are not listed like other webpages/fan pages/primary Twitter accounts, they are in a separate area on the page (fairly contained...for now)
- The searcher will see what is hot at that point in time
- It seems like this would be very susceptible to fraud and Tweet bombing, would love to get your opinion on that
What does this mean for you and your brand(s)? How are you preparing/sharing and engaging around this? One of the keys to social media gaining the traction it has is its uncanny way of tapping into the power of search and this is taking that to the next level.
Let me know what you think.
[UPDATE 12/11]: It seems that Yahoo has also added in-line Tweets to search results. This model pulls in three recent (not sure the exact algorithm here) Tweets to the bottom of the result page. Screenshot below.
|If you liked this post, you can subscribe to the Techno//Marketer RSS feed in your reader or sign up to get updates FREE by email.
Technorati Tags:
Matt Dickman, Search, Google, Social Media, SEO


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Alden® bluchers
Prices do not include taxes.
size & fit
- These shoes were shaped over a Barrie last and run one half size larger than regular U.S.
- sizes.
Product Details
Founded in Massachusetts by Charles H. Alden in 1884, the Alden Shoe Company is now in its fourth generation and is the oldest shoemaker in New England. This handsome blucher is made on Alden's famous Barrie last and with a water-lock outsole that naturally repels moisture. It's also crafted from Chromexcel leather, which is as good as it gets when it comes to American tanned leather, and constructed with a Goodyear welt, which means you can resole it again and again for a lifetime of wear.
- Leather upper, lining and sole.
- Made in the USA.
- Select stores.
- Item F6194.


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Combining the world's best musicians with the world's best snow conditions, the 2012 SnowMont Music Festival is the East Coast edition of the S.N.O.W. series, which proposes the ultimate marriage: music and mountains. With multiple stages showcasing the talent of some of today's most exciting artists, the live music at this year's SnowMont Festival is sure to satisfy thousands of hungry music fans. Taking place in Killington, Vermont, at the base of Killington Resort, skiers and snowboarders will find the perfect escape between two of the world's premier resorts, Killington and Pico. SnowMont is guaranteed to bring your average festival experience to new heights – both on and off the mountain. Mark your calendars and get ready for the experience of a lifetime – for one fun filled weekend, this all ages festival will show you all what Killington, Vermont, the largest ski area in the Eastern United States, has to offer.
Killington Resort stretches across six mountains and features 140 trails served by 22 lifts. Killington's elevation advantage, combined with the world's most extensive 600-acre snowmaking system and 250 inches of annual snowfall, means you'll enjoy the best ski and snowboard conditions every day of the season!
Killington is known for its diversity of terrain, providing skiers and riders of all ability levels a choice of wide-open groomed cruisers, narrow classic New England runs, moguls, steeps and trees. Killington offers multiple terrain features for snowboarders and freeskiers, including seven terrain parks and a 500-foot long Superpipe.
The Killington Region has many other activities including cross-country skiing, rock climbing, snowmobiling, snowshoeing, dog sledding, spas, shopping, fine dining and nightlife.
Killington's 17-vehicle Grooming Fleet grooms 50-80% of open terrain on a nightly basis. We also have numerous trails that are left untouched for the mogul enthusiasts, including Outer Limits – the steepest, longest mogul slope in the East!


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SPANX has changed the way women dress and for that we can thank one person, Sara Blakely. She created SPANX by cutting up a pair of panty hose to create an undergarment to fight the dreaded VPL -- Visible Panty Line. Growing from one women's entrepreneurial dream, the SPANX shapewear line now includes SPANX panties, tummy control shapewear, hosiery and new bras.Celebrities swear by SPANX and for good reason. The various styles smooth, shape, and can make you look 5-10 pounds slimmer. With styles that range from panties to thigh-length to footless pantyhose to full bodysuits, SPANX styles solve any fashion challenge we women have. Shape your waist, shape your thighs, shape pretty much everything and do so in comfort -- something earlier girdle-wearing generations could have only dreamed about.But looks aren't everything. What makes SPANX the champion of shapewear is the fit. For example, unlike other brands, with sewn-on elastic leg bands, they are one-piece and seamless, designed to lay flat against your leg with no riding up and no dreaded "saddle bags." The crotch is high-quality cotton, well-made enough to substitute for underwear. The waistband liberates us from that binding, too-tight suffocating feeling of the typical rubber-cord waistband. No cord, no pain.The brand has expanded to so many styles that there's a SPANX solution for everything from tiny knit dresses to everyday wear to slinky evening wear. They continue to innovate to keep us comfortable, shapely, and confident. SPANX now has over 100 different styles, including plus size, covering (literally) from the bust to the ankles and everything in between.
Who's wearing SPANX? Pretty much everyone. Add to that the entire cast of NBC's new series Lipstick Jungle. Gwyneth Paltrow fessed up to wearing two pairs at a time after her pregnancy. Anne Hathaway wore the SPANX Power Panties during the filming of the movie "The Devil Wears Prada" to go from a size 6 to a size 4. Jennifer Hudson wore the Higher Power High Waisted Power Panties as she accepted her 2007 Oscar for "Dreamgirls." SPANX Slim Cognito Shaping Bodysuit was worn by Beyonce and the rest of the cast while shooting the movie "Dreamgirls." Madonna's entire outfit for Live Earth was made from SPANX material. And you can be pretty sure that your fashion-savvy friends own a few styles too.By the way, ever wonder why Blakely named her products "SPANX?" Since she wanted something original and catchy, she knew she would have to invent a word. SPANX is edgy, fun, extremely catchy, and for a moment makes your mind wander and wonder..'Spanks'…'spanx'… See what we mean? SPANX kept up their edgy marketing by giving their products fun names too. Who wouldn't want to wear styles called "Hide & Sleek" or "Slim Cognito" or "Bra-llelujah?"If you're new to SPANX, we think you'll find comfort far beyond typical shapewear. If you're already a fan, you'll find many new styles to try at HerRoom. Either way, we think SPANX will be your new best friend.


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Single-Game Tickets
Save on single-game tickets with a Chicago Wolves hockey Fan 4 Pack, presented by Orville Redenbacher's, for you, your family, or friends.
Fan 4 Packs
Bring your friends and family to a Wolves game and save!
Group Ticket Options
Chicago Wolves group outings and affordable birthday parties offer you and your group special savings!
Take advantage of optimum flexibility along with great savings!
As low as $11 a ticket!
Birthday Parties
Affordable Wolves birthday parties starting at $14.50 per person. IT'S MORE THAN A BIRTHDAY! It's Chicago Wolves Hockey.
Suites and Party Decks
Rally the pack in style! Get your group together to enjoy the luxury of a private suite at the Allstate Arena or enjoy the best view with the whole crew on the party deck!
School Programs
Take your class on the ultimate field trip experience or have your band, choir, or dance team perform at a Chicago Wolves hockey game!
Youth and Adult Hockey Experiences
Reserve the experience of a lifetime with the Chicago Wolves for your youth, high school, or adult hockey team!


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|Select type
of damage
|Enter your
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Since the job forums have been pretty inactive for awhile, I thought I'd start a new topic in each devoted to things you'd like or wish that Square Enix would do with each job. They can be legitimate things you'd like to see, or they could be absurd, and, while they can be, they don't have to be any serious or groundbreaking changes you think each job needs, just something you think would improve them a bit in some form. Just try to keep the topic clean and drama free (emphasis on try). Just have some fun with this and let your ideas soar.
This one is going to probably be the most troublesome one given the discussions that pop up, but a return to predominantly RDM only buffs and debuffs would be beneficial. Give them the ability to cast Hastega, naturally AoE Regens and Refreshes, remove White Mage from Addle, and give them the ability to cast Temper on other players. Seriously, Temper should not be usable only on the Rdm. That's just not cool Square Enix.


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HELLO, This is such a nice work. I am really really impressed. I think I am in love with this. So, I also have a desire that it is constantly improved and developed. So, I would recommend you to have a feature for background images. If done, I am sure, tons of people will be impressed and new ones will show up. :) Think about it. - Siddhartha Neupane
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Here's what's happening:
Everytime I check my root mail, I get the message I need to:
run /etc/tripwire/twinstall.sh and/or tripwire --init. I run both commands, and on the second I recieve the error:
### Warning: File system error.
### Filename: /proc/scsi
### No such file or directory
### Continuing...
After which it just hangs. My question is what to do to solve this problem. TIA for any help.


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StripCam 1.0
StripCam is a MacOS utility for periodically accepting an image from a camera source, compressing it to a JPEG image, and uploading it to an FTP server, or saving the file locally.
The utility is written as a control strip module, so its controls and a tiny preview image are always accessible.
It features a control strip module that is always available and running. You can upload pictures to FTP server, or save locally.
Two text captions are available and can include text, date, time and number of pictures taken. It runs on any 68020 or later Macintosh and uses a very small RAM footprint.
It can run in the background without impacting performance and is intended to be very streamlined and simple.
Sripcam's tiny number of features is its strongest feature. But if you need a zillion features, there are various heavyweight applications which can provide them, such as SiteCam, Oculus and CoolCam.
System Requirements: StripCam will work on any MacOS computer with QuickTime 2.5 or later, and Open Transport. It works much better if you have a QuickTime-compatible video source available; if no video source is available, StripCam uploads rectangles of random color. StripCam uses about 1 megabyte while running.


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We can thank the Spanish for bringing the art of cheese making to Latin America. Local chefs quickly adopted this new food source into their cuisines, and styles unique to the various Central and South American countries soon developed. Queso Del Valle Hispanic cheeses are delicious and authentic, perfectly suited for a wide array of traditional Mexican dishes.
Made in California from 100% rBST-free milk


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Area teams to compete in 1st year of IHSWCA State Duals Invite
Bremen and Culver Academies headline a list of 24 teams selected to participate in the first Indiana High School Wrestling Coaches Association (IHSWCA) State Duals Invitational.
The three-class tournament is scheduled Saturday, Dec. 22, at Westfield High School, just north of Indianapolis.
The Duals are an attempt to rekindle the excitement of a state championship event, featuring many of the best wrestling teams in Indiana, following the Indiana High School Athletic Association's decision to end its state team tournament.
Admission will be $10.
The IHSAA ended its team state wrestling finals last February following a 17-year run.
In response, the IHSWCA has started a "team state" tournament of its own, with eight mat squads competing in each of three classes based on school enrollment.
Teams were selected with the assistance of a computer program which ranks a team's returning strengths, based on last year's sectional, regional, semistate and individual state meet results.
Defending state champion Perry Meridian — the IHSAA's final dual meet tourney winner — will be part of the field. So are two other teams that reached the Final Four last season, Indianapolis Cathedral and Evansville Mater Dei.
Wrestling begins at 10 a.m. The finals should start around 6 p.m.
Bremen will compete in Class A, while Culver Academies is slated to wrestle in Class AA.
Losing teams will drop into a consolation bracket and have the opportunity to wrestle for third through eighth place in their respective classes.
Tourney brackets and first-round opponents are tentatively slated to be announced Saturday, Dec. 15.


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The Maine Appalachian Trail is a tough, tough place to hike. There are lots of mountains and mud and rocks and roots, but the weather is just so unpredictable and nasty! I got a taste of that (again) when I backpacked from Stratton to Rangely for 4 nights and 3 …Read More »
Home / Tag Archives: Crocker Cirque Campsite


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Product Description
- Turn your waders inside out and locate where you believe the leak may be.
- Get a spray bottle and fill with rubbing alcohol.
- Liberally spray the suspected area(s) with a fine mist of the rubbing alcohol.
- Wait a minute.
- Any leak, scratch, tear will appear as a blueish/purple spot(s).
- Mark with a Sharpie Marker and let the area completely dry.
- Apply Aquaseal to pin holes, "scratches" and let dry over night.
- If you suspect a more significant tear, you can liberally apply the Aquaseal over the tear. Place patch over tear/Aquaseal and add additional Aquaseal to the perimeter of the patch. Let dry over night.
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text: This topic is linked to geocaching. I was paddling back to the car after dark from doing a kayaking cache. I spooked an animal but I could not see it. It snorted really loud and stomped away, but did not run like I would expect a deer to, plus it snorted serveral times. What kind of animal will make a snorting sound out of fear or to defend its territory? TY.


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Education includes people, naturally
When I was 20, I joined a college-abroad program in Kenya, Africa, to study the country's magnificent wildlife reserves. But my most memorable experience wasn't the night I nervously watched a herd of elephants crash through our campsite (though that was pretty cool). It came in the dusty, colorful markets of Nairobi. There, walking through a crush of humanity and exotic smells on the crutches I have used all my life, I saw other "disabled" people like me. They weren't buying or selling goods; instead, they sat in the dirt, or propped up on crude crutches against walls, usually holding out tins in hopes of a handout. For a young, sheltered American, it was an epiphany: Only wealth and circumstance separated me from them and their hard, even desperate lives.
Later, in the storied Maasai Mara National Reserve and Tsavo National Park, we learned about the immense human pressures on Kenya's wild places, where farmers and nomadic herders compete with tourists and armed rangers for space and survival. We realized that conservation comes down to the fundamental challenge of meeting human needs without destroying the natural base upon which those humans depend -- a tall order in any country, but especially one with an exploding population.
HCN's associate editor, Sarah Gilman, who assembled this special issue on natural resource education, had a similar revelation years ago on a field course offered by Whitman College in Walla Walla, Wash. The Semester in the West program, still going strong after a decade, allowed Gilman and her fellow green-leaning college students to experience the West through the eyes of a variety of people: ranchers, water developers, federal land managers, environmental activists and many others. It gave them more visceral and nuanced experiences than they ever could have received in a lecture hall. And many have carried that awareness of the complex relationship between human and natural needs into their adult working lives.
Today, many educational organizations and institutions offer incredible learning opportunities -- both in the field and the classroom -- for students to dig into the West's meaty issues. That goes beyond wildlife studies; it also includes surging energy development and the sometimes controversial academic universe it's created, as documented by longtime HCN contributors Joshua Zaffos and Jeremy Miller.
Every New Year, many of us resolve to become better, smarter and more useful citizens. With this issue, we've done our best to spark your educational interest. Even so, we ran out of room, so I hope you will take some time to peruse this issue's especially robust advertising section, perhaps exploring some programs on your own. Better yet, share this issue with the young people you know. After all, they are the ones who will inherit the increasingly daunting task of accommodating the West's ever-growing human presence while protecting its beauty and wildlife.


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LA PAZ (Reuters) - Bolivian President Evo Morales said on Saturday he would grant asylum, if requested, to former U.S. intelligence agency contractor Edward Snowden.
Morales' offer came after two other leftist Latin American leaders - Venezuela's Nicolas Maduro and Nicaragua's Daniel Ortega - also said they would help the U.S. fugitive, who is believed to be holed up in the transit area of a Moscow international airport.
RecommendedSlayed 'Em: Here's Grassley Killing Democratic Hopes For An FBI Investigation Into Kavanaugh
Matt Vespa
(Reporting by Daniel Ramos; Writing by Louise Egan; Editing by Eric Beech)


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UBS is planning a mass mailing to many of its brokerage clients alerting them that they have been reclassified as "aggressive" investors following a recent change in its market outlook that some people inside the firm say reflects growing bearishness in the bond market, particularly over the long term, the FOX Business Network has learned.
The move by the brokerage firm comes as the stock market, as measured by the Dow Jones Industrial Average, today hit the 14,000 level — its highest point since the beginning of the financial crisis in late 2007, and as government bond prices have begun to fall.
Continue Reading Below
In late January, UBS (NYSE:UBS) changed its "strategic asset allocation guidelines," or the broad parameters used to classify its brokerage clients depending on their mix of stocks, bonds and other investments in their portfolio, people at the company tell FOX Business.
According to brokers inside UBS, new guidelines will reflect a growing belief among the firm's market strategists that the bull market in bonds has largely run its course, and that those investors who believed they had constructed a "conservative" portfolio by being heavily invested in bonds could be reclassified as "aggressive." Some also believe the move may be an attempt by the firm to lessen its liability in the event clients who are holding large positions in bonds decide to take legal action against UBS.
Mike Ryan, the chief investment strategist for UBS, said so-called "non consent" letters will be sent out to investors in the coming weeks alerting them of their changed classification – but he says it has little to do with a firm-wide bias against bonds. Rather, UBS is changing "its long-term view" reflecting what it views as a "volatile market…not just in fixed income."
He said the new classifications are unrelated to the firm's shorter-term outlook that takes a dim look on the fixed-income market, particularly government bonds, over the next year.
Still, the move is controversial inside UBS; some brokers worry that many of their best clients will see the changes jarring, possibly leading to an exodus to other firms.
Others say it's the right move since the Federal Reserve at some point will have to raise short-term interest rates (currently close to 0%), and end its quantitative easing program, which involves the Fed's purchase of government bonds, which helps depress long-term interest rates and prop up bond prices (yields move in the opposite direction from price).
The Fed has signaled that it plans to maintain its current interest rate policy for at least the next year amid a sluggish US economy, but there are signs that the long bond market rally is running out of steam. Investors continue to pour money into mutual funds that invest in bonds ($10.6 billion in December, according to Lipper Inc.).
But after four years of steady outflows, investors are now putting more money into stock mutual funds than they are pulling out of them, Lipper says. Meanwhile, yields on the U.S. government's benchmark bonds have begun to rise. Yields on the 10-year Treasury have surged to a 9-month high of 2%, from a low of 1.38% in late July.
Some brokers inside UBS are hoping that the firm's management will reconsider the new models, which they believe are too Draconian. If not, investors are expected to receive notices by March.


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House Speaker Michael Madigan has sharply criticized corporate requests for tax breaks and says he�s unlikely to support deals for companies that pay little in taxes.
The influential Democrat also said in a statement Wednesday he wants to review how Illinois decides who gets incentives.
Madigan�s statement raises new doubts about legislation that would give breaks to Archer Daniels Midland Company and others. ADM and Office Depot are among a handful of companies that asked Illinois� legislature for tax breaks this year as they considered headquarters locations. That legislation stalled last week in the House.
Madigan said Illinois needs to �resist the temptation to cave to corporate officials� demands.�
Office Depot on Tuesday chose Florida over Illinois. ADM plans to move its headquarters from Decatur but hasn�t decided where.


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From a top Photoshop engineer:The high-bit representation in Photoshop has always been "15 1" bits(32767 (which is the total number of values that can be represented by 15bits of precision) 1). This requires 16 bits of data to represent iscalled "16 bit". It is not an arbitrary decision on how to display thisdata, it is displaying an exact representation of the exact data Photoshopis using, just as 0-255 is displayed for 8 bit files.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130137\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
"ACR curves don't preserve Hue, [a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130140\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Guillermo, where are the measurements that show this? This finding differs from what I usually find, and I believe it also differs from what I understand the math was developed to produce.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130145\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
The 12 bit RAW file is converted to 16 bit into any RAW developer prior to any other process stage. Then true 16-bit white balance is applied, and true 16-bit Bayer demosaicing is done. That is why a developed RAW in linear state is completely full of levels in the lower end of its histogram (no holes at all).It's in the next step, when the colour profile conversion and gamma compensation are applied, that the lower part if the histogram gets full of holes as an Emmental cheese.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130142\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
From a top Photoshop engineer:The high-bit representation in Photoshop has always been "15 1" bits(32767 (which is the total number of values that can be represented by 15bits of precision) 1). This requires 16 bits of data to represent iscalled "16 bit". It is not an arbitrary decision on how to display thisdata, it is displaying an exact representation of the exact data Photoshopis using, just as 0-255 is displayed for 8 bit files.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130137\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Guillermo: When I see an expression like "is converted to" I get uncomfortable. Sure - something is happening, but that doesn't tell me exactly what. And that leads one to wonder what exactly is meant by "true 16-bit White Balance" and "true 16-bit Bayer demosaicing". What is "true" if alot of data is being interpolated or filled with zeros - I don't know exactly what? What you are saying here also raises questions in my mind about the order in which things happen from the time I acquire the image into the raw converter, process it, and output it to Photoshop (i.e. "render" it). Perhaps you can clarify for me. I was under the impression that the demosaicing happens the moment I acquire the image into Camera Raw - otherwise I wouldn't see a recognizable colour image. Is that right? Now is that happening in 16 bit or in 15 bit mode, and does it really matter much - practically? Now, once the image is in Camera Raw demosaiced, is it in 16-bit or in 15 bit at that moment? - Because the next thing I'll do is White Balance; again does it matter much whether this happens as 15 or 16 bit mode? What can happen though, as I showed, is that white-balancing can affect the placement of individual channels along the histogram - even leading to clipping. When the image gets rendered to Photoshop, I believe this is where the conversion to the colour space profile occurs, but I don't see any Emmenthal cheese in the histograms either in ACR or in PS - is this because they don't show the levels in enough detail to recognize it - which your program does? If these holes exist, do they make a visible difference in a print? The gamma compensation (or correction) happens when? Isn't it already represented in the Camera Raw Interface so I see whatever gamma the converter gives me right there? The brightness and tonal range of the image by the time I finish with it in Camera Raw looks pretty much identical to what I see when I render it in Photoshop, so I am curious again about the sequencing of what is happening under the hood, and what practical effects that sequence may be having.[{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Andrew,I'm having real trouble understanding this post. Grateful if you could check the phrasing and clarify it - perhaps also giving some context of what you are replying to
That was fast It maps the min and max of the RGB values (in linear ProPhoto RGB) throughthe tone curve, and the middle value is interpolated to exactly preservehue. This results in saturation effects that closely match saturationeffects you get from real film tone curves (which many years of looking atfilm photos has taught our eyes to like), while preventing the adverse hueshifts you would otherwise get from the concave and convex parts of thecurve."I don't see a conflict herea judgment call is ultimately called for when evaluating adverse hue shifts, which is how it should be.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130157\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
No - the judgment call is for evaluating saturation shifts, not hue shifts - they don't happen at this stage. That's what the above quote says.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130160\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
while preventing the adverse hue shifts...
The way I understood/understand this is that not all hue shifts are prevented, it is that adverse hue shifts are. And that is a judgment call. And clearly, in light of Guillermo's work, there are some hue shifts, in some areas more than others. wrong?[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130164\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Wrong - I dunno - different understanding - for sure! [a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130166\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
With true 16-bit, I mean in the complete 0..65535 range, that's all. I don't refer to the genuinity of level values.ACR shows you a little portion of imaged demosaiced. In fact it develops a little piece of the RAW file in a fast way so user changes can be check in real time....In fact is a linear channel scaling. If your RAW contains a level, let's say: 4000 (12 bit), which in 16 bit becomes 64000, ...and you apply a WB so a multiplier of let's say 1.5 is applied: 64000*1.5=96000>65535, and hence it gets clipped to 65535.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130158\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Nope, this is not correct. 4000 in 12-bit is still 4000 in 16-bit. The higher order bits are simply set to zeros. You can confirm this with any calculator that has a "programmer's mode" including the calculator with Mac OS X. Multiply your 4000 x 1.5 and you get 6000, which uses a whopping 13 bits. No clipping there.Adobe Photoshop represents 16-bit image data as a 16-bit unsigned integer, in a form that has the binary point between bits 14 and 15, and therefore can only represent 32,769 unique levels (binary 0000000000000000 through 1000000000000000). This gives a quasi 15-bit range of 0 to 32768. It provides an unambiguous mid-point of 16384 and allows some multiply operations to be performed by bit shifting, which is computationally fast, which in the "old days" was very important for speed. It will decrease the number of levels of *true* 16-bit data by half, but this is of questionable significance.12-bit data is 12-bit data, even if you drop it into a 15-bit or 16-bit container.--Rich Wagner[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130178\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
In the "good ole' days" of CS2, you could actually set the info palette to show the 16-bit data. Now, in CS3, it appears that all high-bit data is shown in 8-bit precision in the info panel, and you can't toggle it as you could previously.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130189\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Uh, in the Info palette, see the little flyout menu by the Sampler icon? Check that flyout where you can set the readout to 8/16/32 bit with lots of other options...it's not wise to jump to conclusions...[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130196\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Rich, when converting n bit data into N bit data with N>n, two things may happen:1. As you say, high order bits are set to zero2. High order bits are occupied by the high order bits of the original range.[{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
The second is the case of digital photography, where 12-bit information codified into the RAW file, is transformed first into 16 bit by setting those 12-bit as the higher 12 bits of a 16-bit dword, so the lower 4 bits are the ones set to zero (which equals to multiply by 16).So 4095 becomes 4095*16=65520, or in binary 111111111111 becomes 1111111111110000
I didn't understand your point about Photoshop 1 bit drop, I have produced with DCRAW 16-bits images that become 15 bits in the meaning that one of every two levels is rounded to the nearest 15-bit equivalent. But I don't know the real reason for this precision lose.
This is a true RAW histogram obtained with DCRAW's -D option. That means no black offset is substracted as can be seen, no scaling and no demosaicing is done:
But once the image is developed, a 16-bit file is obtained with levels filled ranging 0 to 65535 (I constantly read TIFF 16-bit images and calculate their 16-bit histograms):
Now about the images - I infer from your comment that you are thinking of some kind of standard or normative set of test images that the whole industry would adopt as a common platform for testing everything and anything - again not a bad idea in principle (something like the input to an ISO standard I suppose), but I'm glad you realize that would have been "a bit much" for Your's Truly to take-on. You know how these things happen: committees of interested parties or existing associations get appointed to develop the material. Years of in-committee discussion and debate plus alpha and and beta testing with a host of outside experts would take place - then IF EVER a consensus were to emerge, that organization would produce the set of images for the whole world to use - voluntarily of course. But not a bad idea in principle. As usual, the devil would be in the details.......................[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=130138\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Yup. Note that the data range is from zero to about 4095 - it sure doesn't go to 65k as you predicted it would.


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CONCORD, N.H. (AP) — U.S. Sens. Jeanne Shaheen and Kelly Ayotte are objecting to a decision not to allow a New Hampshire record-setting swimmer to participate in the International Paralympic World Swimming Championships next week in Montreal, saying she is ineligible because they don't believe her disability is permanent.
The two senators from New Hampshire sent letters to the International Paralympic Committee on Friday saying that notifying Victoria Arlen that she is ineligible shortly before the competition is to start is wrong and unfair.
"The way in which the International Paralympic Committee conducted itself regarding the classification process of Victoria is reprehensible," their letters said. "Not only does this decision have a direct impact on Victoria but it also affects the sport of swimming, as well as the sponsors and coaches involved in the competition.
"In addition, we believe the para-swimming classification process used to determine the athlete's eligibility should be reevaluated," the senators wrote.
The International Paralympic Committee, based in Germany, did not immediately respond to an email seeking comment.
Arlen was paralyzed from the waist down due to illness seven years ago. She resumed competitive swimming at the age of 16. And at last year's Paralympics in London, the Exeter teenager set a world record and won a gold medal in the 100-meter freestyle and silver medals in three other races.
On Monday, she learned she was deemed ineligible for the Montreal games based on the possibility of future treatment, her father said. She has been training all year for the games and is devastated not to be competing, Larry Arlen said.
"We believe the International Paralympic Committee should investigate this matter further, as well as reevaluate the para-swimming classification process so that young athletes are never put through a similar situation," the senators said.