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Sunday, January 31, 2010
The Divinity of Christ - NOT!
As a result of the publication of this article, additional information has been sought and obtained, including a clarification from Bill Johnson. We refer you to the update on this article posted April 26, 2011.
"Apostle" Bill Johnson is the leader of a West Coast Apostolic/Prophetic movement based around his Bethel Church in Redding, California. Having left the Assemblies of God several years ago (it seems that they don't recognize the "office of the apostle"), apparently Johnson left good doctrine behind as well. Because Johnson is so influential in the movement, and works closely with related ministries such as Mike Bickel's IHOP, Rick Joyner's Morningstar and John Arnott's TACF, his beliefs need to be scrutinised.
Johnson, in his book "When Heaven Invades Earth" (read below) makes some strong points about the divinity (or lack thereof) of Jesus Christ. Simply put, he takes the approach that since "Christ" can mean "the anointed one," and since we too can be anointed by the Holy Ghost, the deity of Christ was not at all unique. He calls "Christ" a title that points to an experience - being "smeared with the Holy Spirit." (1) The final result of this path is to believe that we too can be baptized in the Holy Spirit and become "christs," something that has long been known as "Copeland's little gods heresy."
States Johnson: "Jesus lived his earthly life with human limitations. He laid his divinity aside as He sought to fulfill the assignment given to Him by the Father: to live life as a man without sin, and then die in the place of mankind for sin."
We will return to the concept of Jesus laying his divinity aside in just a moment. What I would like to bring to your attention is that Johnson believes that Jesus had to work hard (he "sought") to live life as a man without sin.
Funny, that sounds a lot like a "works based" religion, doesn't it? Did Jesus have to work hard to not sin? Was there ever any question about his fulfilling "the assignment?" Could Jesus have gone "rogue?" What would God have done if He had?
Johnson goes on to say that the "anointing Jesus received was the equipment necessary, given by the Father to make it possible for Him to live beyond human limitations." Which causes me to wonder if Johnson believes that Jesus lived as a sinful child before the Holy Ghost (in the form of a Dove) came down on him at John's baptism. (2)
Owww, brain hurts!
I heard one writer state that Jesus even pooped in his diapers as an infant. I suppose that is true, but since when is a baby pooping in diapers the same as "sin?" That's a real straw-man argument.
Yes, this is heavy theological stuff. But Johnson is teaching it, and one must be prepared to give an answer to it. By the way, Johnson makes the point that by simply questioning what he presents - simply thinking about it - means that you are controlled by an "antichrist spirit." (3) Nice- an ad hominem argument to boot.
He challenges his readers to enter "the realm beyond reason" by following (his concept of) the anointing. The Bible challenges its readers to "test all things and hold fast to that which is good." (4) Personally, I'm going to be filled with God's Spirit and use the brain - and the bible- that He gave me. It is not an "either/or" thing.
Now, I'm going to tag-team this article and let my friend "WB" complete the teaching.
Like many other Word-Faith teachers and their Latter-Rain forbears, Bill Johnson regularly teaches that Jesus, at the time of His incarnation, gave up His divinity. And, by "divinity" neither Johnson nor I mean a white, nut-filled confection. Divinity is a somewhat outmoded term for what is now known more often as "deity." Johnson's error, which is generally considered a heresy on account of its extreme severity, is often called the "kenotic heresy."
Here are the three quotations from Bill Johnson's books, each of which demonstrates his denial that the divine essence was present in the Incarnation:
"But even Jesus Himself had to grow . . . in favor with God and man" (Luke 2:52). This verse amazes me. I can understand the fact that He needed to grow in favor with man, but why did He have to grow in favor with God? He was perfect in every way. The answer lies in the fact that Jesus did everything He did as a man, laying His divinity aside, in order to be a model for us." (5)
"Through the shedding of [Jesus'] blood, it would be possible for everyone who believed on His name to do as He did and become as He was." (6)
"[Jesus] said of Himself in John 5:19, 'the Son can do nothing of Himself.' He had set aside His divinity." (7)
Bear in mind that these quotations come from three widely published books. Presumably, copy editors and theological reviewers were available to Johnson. That he has not seen fit to modify his expression of this doctrine over the course of several years seems to reliably indicate that he is satisfied that his words clearly communicate his meaning. Therefore, it is reasonable to take his words at face value–that is, as an instance of the kenotic heresy.
Please note that there are many things that Christians can and will disagree on. But fundamental to Biblical Christianity are the concepts of right Christology - the very nature of Jesus Christ. Jesus was both man and God - at all times. That is not negotiable.
Johnson's entire theology has a foundation of wrong Christology - and so the slide down the slippery-slope begins.
For further information on the kenotic heresy, see: http://www.theopedia.com/Kenosis or http://www.carm.org/kenosis.
(1) Johnson, Bill. When Heaven Invades Earth (Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2005), p. 79. See next window.
(2) Matthew 3:16.
(3) Johnson, Bill. When Heaven Invades Earth (Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2005), p. 81
(4) 1 Thessalonians 5:21.
(5) Johnson, Bill. Strengthen Yourself in the Lord (Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2007), p. 26.
(6) Johnson, Bill. When Heaven Invades Earth (Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2005), p. 138.
(7) Johnson, Bill. The Supernatural Power of a Transformed Mind (Shippensburg, PA: Destiny Image, 2005), p. 50.
23 comments:
Excellent and well-written analysis. I appreciate the fact that everything you said is also well-documented. Wrong Christology is indeed at the root of many slippery slopes.ReplyDelete
I hadn't placed Bill Johnson in the Word of Faith camp until I saw that claim in the Redding.com article a couple of weeks ago. I associated him only with the Apostolic/Prophetic movement. Now I see that he is drawing on the deviant teachings of both movements.
This article is a complete misrepresentation of Bill's Chirstology.ReplyDelete
Please remember what it says in Phil 2:7
New American Standard Bible (©1995)
Phil 2:7 but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in the likeness of men.
Bill teaches the complete divinity of Christ and the same time recognizes that Jesus was fully man.
For there is one God, and one mediator also between God and men, the man Christ Jesus... 1Tim 2:5
Notice, JESUS is FULLY GOD and FULLY MAN!
I recommend you think long and hard about what you are doing.
Dear Robert,ReplyDelete
As a matter of fact I have thought long and hard about what I am doing. Thanks for your concern.
Affirming the hypostatic union is a wonderful thing. Unfortunately YOU cannot affirm it for Johnson. And as I hope the article has demonstrated, Johnson viewpoint leans toward the kenotic heresy.
Read through the three quotes from Johnson's books again. And then consider this:
Quoting the theopedia:
The question regarding the kenosis comes to this -- What does it mean when Scripture says Christ "emptied" Himself? Did Jesus cease to be God during His earthly ministry? Certainly not, for deity cannot stop being deity or He would never have been true deity to begin with. Rather, the "emptying" is satisfactorily explained in the subsequent words of the verse, taking note of the two participles which grammatically modify and explain the verb: He emptied himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in the likeness of men. This emptying, in fact, was done as the man Christ Jesus, and neither of these ideas necessitates or implies the giving up of divine attributes.
Christianity maintains that Jesus did not "empty" himself of any of his divinity in the incarnation, although it is true that his divine attributes were veiled. When the Kenosis theory concludes that Jesus is or was less than God (as has been the case in the past), it is regarded as heresy.
-end quote-
Now, if you really want to discuss this, how do you think Johnson would answer this:
Did Jesus have to work hard to not sin? Was there ever any question about his fulfilling "the assignment?" Could Jesus have gone "rogue?" What would God have done if He had?
Robert, you charge the author of this blog with the sin of making a false claim. Yet you provide no evidence. You merely contradict. That is not responsible. If you have evidence that Bill Johnson's christology is sound, you are obligated by your claim to adduce it. Otherwise, you owe the author an apology. Where, exactly, does Johnson affirm the Chalecodonian formula of the dual nature of Christ?ReplyDelete
Having read through parts of several Bill Johnson books and listening to some of sermons and then hearing teaching from several people who have been through the Bethel Schools it seems to me that Bill would not deny the hypostatic union if asked what he believed - but I think the end result of what he teaches is Kenosis.ReplyDelete
There also seems to be this weird thing they do with sin once youre saved - they reject the title 'sinner saved by grace' and say now youre saved you are no longer a sinner. Part of their reason is that it is not helpful to 'focus on the sin' but on your righteousness. But it seems slightly off kilter - they seem to forget that law preached with gospel brings us to the cross and Jesus - the object of our faith.
I dont hear a lot of gospel being preached in their revival... shouldnt that be the main thing?? Not 'oh I met this person after the service in the cafe whose broken arm was healed last week'. Sure that is great and God should be glorified for HIS grace for that person but a healed arm is not going to save anyone without the preaching of the gospel.
Robert, you appear to understand the kenosis in an orthodox fashion. The issue at hand is Bill Johnson's understanding of the kenosis. Citing verses relevant to the kenosis and the hypostatic union doesn't make your case. The claim on the table is that Johnson understands these verses in a heretical way.ReplyDelete
To make your case, please cite any of Johnson's discussions of the kenosis in which he teaches clearly that Jesus came as God in the flesh. I can't claim to have read all that Johnson has written. But I don't find him teaching that crucial truth alongside his claims that Jesus came as a prophet. It seems to me that any responsible, orthodox teacher would be careful to include it in any discussion of the kenosis. How do you explain its absence?
Robert Crabbe has informed me that he will not likely be able to revisit this issue until after the 10th of August.ReplyDelete
Wow. your inability to understand even just the quotes that you used is amazing. How can you twist words like that? Don't you see what you are doing?ReplyDelete
Dear Christina,ReplyDelete
I think I know exactly what I'm saying. It would be nice to discuss this beyond the shallow level presented by Johnson supporters. I had hopes that Pastor Crabbe would actually take seriously the committemnt he made to discuss tis further, but he seems unable to do so.
What exactly do you take issue with and why?
I promise I'll be kind.
- hebrews9289/28/10, 9:59 PM
I'm quite curious why "Pastor" Crabbe "recommends" that William Fawcett "think long and hard about what" he's doing." Robert, is William suppose to be intimidated so that you dont have to actually sift through all the data and explain why Bill Johnson isnt actually doing much damage to Christians who dont yet have the discernment to reject his false teachings? Is that how you've learned to decieve people into believing the false doctrine and false prophesies that you and your vast number of false teacher / false prophet buddies have been peddling around the world for decades, all the while constantly "hearing God's voice" (and constantly making sure everyone knows it) about all kinds of things (including how many potatoes to buy at the grocery store) EXCEPT corrections of your own false doctrine, as if God actually affirms that your doctrine is sound and therefore we should all follow you and the rest of your ilk, including Bill Johnson? By the way, what ever became of the great end-times revival the false prophets in the Vineyard spoke so much about? It's now 2010, Robert, your de facto postmillennialism in the guise of a prophetic word is long overdue, yet you still hold onto the hope of it as if it's still 1990. It's about time for you to think long and hard about this, "pastor." You latched onto a counterfeit hope that appealed to God's strange act's off-the-charts, totally unjustified spiritual arrogance. A mere babe in Christ whipped you on a basic tenant of The Faith, the hope of the gospel (glory to God alone). Cut yourself some slack, Robert, you were just a 21 year old kid, why expect to have had enough discernment back then to discern it was all a massive deception. Humble yourself, it was a bad investment whose actual value was always zero, it's time to sell. btw, the way you quote scripture is condescending, we dont respect you as a "pastor" (whose job description apparently includes telling others what God's will for their lives is), so try to turn down the arrogance, at least when you get on these forums to attempt to intimidate those who dare expose those who take immature believers for a ride.ReplyDelete
- Hebrews9289/28/10, 10:47 PM
William F,ReplyDelete
Mr Crabbe's style is typical vineyard, affirm the truth to deflect criticism (of course we affirm the resurrection, what, you're just grasping it? What a babe) and then spend 99.9% of the time emphasizing the false doctrine. Also, the perpetual delay in his response, typical Robert, he doesnt have time for this, he's got to be traveling the world circuit to speak at conferences promoting all his false doctrine and false prophesies. You just need to realize how much of an incredibly anointed man of God he is, if you know what's best for you you'll take down your criticism of Johnson and ask for Robet's autograph, maybe request a signed copy of one of his dvd's
Ok, let's play nice now....ReplyDelete
Here's a word of caution to those who insist that Bill Johnson's views are fully orthodox. Bill Johnson affirms the Word of Faith doctrine that Jesus was born again (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UzAwFYKe3h0&feature=player_embedded, accessed October 1, 2010). How can it be that one who is fully God and fully man would need to experience spiritual rebirth, which marks the transition of unregenerate sinners from the kingdom of darkness into the kingdom of the Son (Col. 1:13)?ReplyDelete
Johnson's teaching on this topic misconstrues 2 Cor. 5:21 and contradicts the Protestant doctrine of imputed sin. He thereby compromises the key Reformation doctrine, justification by faith, the cornerstone of which is the so-called "double imputation" of our sin to Jesus and his righteousness to us. Unless the perfect righteousness of Christ is imputed to us, we have no grounds for hope of withstanding the just judgment of a holy God. From the standpoint of Protestant Christianity, Johnson's teaching on this topic is heretical in the sense that one who persistently holds it thereby jeopardizes his/her eternal destiny.
When it comes to the topics touching on the Gospel itself, one has a right to expect the public statements of a minister of the Gospel to be both clear and accurate. Those who follow Johnson may well object that he doesn't _intend_ teaching heresy. But the objection hardly matters. Johnson's personal intention is irrelevant to the peril in which he places the souls who accept his teaching on this crucial topic.
As a result of the publication of this article, additional information has been sought and obtained, including a clarification from Bill Johnson. We refer you to the update on this article posted April 26, 2011.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous5/16/11, 6:31 PM
I just read your April 2011 redux on this and it looks like what Bill J has done here, which triggered you feeling you had to post the redux, was exactly what I identified as "typical Vineyard" behavior in my post above 9/28/10 10:47 PM, first sentance. It's all part of the deception: to affirm the truth for 5 seconds so you'll give him credit so he can then say anything else he wants forever and ever with impunity in the eyes of his followers in the context of being called out about the (if not ANY) false doctrine from now on. He's trying to inoculate himself from criticism, he's trying to inoculate his followers from critically examining his teachings. It sounds like "craig" at least agrees with me. So I guess for the sake of completeness/credibility it was OK for you to quote Bill Johnson's latest affirmations, but no one should be too impressed by such - that should be the emphasis.
- cherylu5/17/11, 12:47 PM
No one here has denied that Bill Johnson is teaching some very confused and dangerous theology. It just seems that denying that Jesus was God at all times during the incarnation is not part of it.
I have no problem at all with believing and stating pulically that Bill Johnson is a deceived person who is teaching and promoting deception in many ways.
But I do not believe that we have enough evidence to accuse him of being a deliberate deceiver who only speaks the truth when it is to his advantage in order to hide the rest of his deception.
- hebrews9285/17/11, 5:42 PM
I think I can accurately describe a behavior without passing judgment on whether or not the behavior is "deliberate." But try to find in Scripture a place where you have a false teacher identified whose motives are described as anything but bad. Just sayin
- cherylu5/17/11, 7:09 PM
Well, describing a behavior without calling it deliberate is all fine and good--if you hadn't already said he did it all as part of the deception to draw people's eyes away from examining his teaching to see whether it was true or not. Maybe you didn't use the word "deliberate", but what you accused him of evidently doing certainly sounds deliberate, does it not?
- hebrews9285/19/11, 4:17 PM
I believe in giving every deceived person the benefit of the doubt when it comes to judging whether or not the deceptions they spout are deliberately intended to deceive others. In fact, I can't imagine any amount of "evidence" could persuade me otherwise. All these people, Jack Deere, Robert Crabbe, Bill Johnson, John Arnott, John C. McClure, James Ryle, Mike Bickle, John Paul Jackson, Paul Cain ... all horribly deceived, therefore not deliberately deceiving others. Of course, back to my previous point, surprisingly, the Bible isn't so generous in showing restraint when it comes to judging deliberateness, at least when it comes to false teachers. For example, "...deceiving and being deceived..." And we all know how the Bible spends so much time encouraging Christians to gather evidence as to whether the one deceiving others is doing it deliberately or not. Personally, the only people I feel comfortable judging their deliberateness are those whom are not deceived themselves. I'm sure you can think of as many of not more verses in the Bible than I, that talk of false teachers who, while deceived themselves, are not deliberately deceiving others. I would vastly prefer to see thousands of people deceived by another person that is not deliberately deceiving them, than see thousands of people deceived by another person who is deliberately deceiving them. It makes a big difference.
- Anonymous5/20/11, 10:51 PM
Hebrews 928,ReplyDelete
Regarding your last comment "Huh"'? If that was supposed to indicate something profound other than sarcartism, it didn't give me any more information than you were making an indirect answer to a direct question, which all of us are trying to ask.
Gotta tell you if you can't post under your real name how are the rest of those of us who are supposed to take your criticisms of the rest of us seriously?
- mbaker5/21/11, 9:11 PM
Hebrews 9:28,ReplyDelete
Just not quite getting where you are coming from regarding your last comment to cheryu. Could you elaborate more on what you've said, from a biblical viewpoint, rather than just asking us where we might be coming from, intended or not? Your reply was somewhat obligue, and a little bit sarcastic, IMO. and dependant upon our answers.
Some of us here are seriously wondering if you are making fun of those of us who still do have serious questions regarding the fact that we do think BJ's theology is seriously flawed, but maybe don't think he is getting a completely fair shake from the other side. Certainly, I'm not a fan of Bj's theology, having come out of the hyper-charismatic movement, but think it's going too far on the other end of the spectrum that we automatically consider his theology heretical.
If I am wrong in the way I misunderstood your last comment,please I feel free to correct me. Like you and others here, I'm just trying to get to get to to the bottom of this, but don't think it is it the way to lead folks to repentance by gloating over the fact that we're right and they are wrong. I think that attitude calls into question our own personal motives.
- Hebrews9285/21/11, 11:54 PM
I think you understood my last comment To cherylu just fine.
- mbaker5/25/11, 11:39 AM
Hebrews 9:28,ReplyDelete
While I agree that BJ's theology is confusing at best and seriously flawed at worst, I personally refuse to go so far as to accuse a professing Christian personally of being a deliberate deceiver, nor even sarcastically suggest it, without much more solid evidence than what we have found against him so far. To do so, IMHO, without documented proof, is going to the opposite extreme, and rather than being helpful in bringing out the truth turns into a pot calling the kettle black thing.
That certainly doesn't mean I believe BJ's obvious theological errors shouldn't be pointed out, and biblically compared and corrected. Nor should they be excused, or deliberately glossed over in order for us to simply appear more 'loving' or more acceptable to his followers.
It's the ongoing personal speculation about his possible motives, the sarcasm, the gloating I see among fellow Christians in accusing him of being deliberately deceptive, without definitive proof that I object to. I am serious about getting to the bottom of this for the sake of all the people who seem to be being misled and confused.
The idea should be to help bring others out of genuine error, not use public Christian discernment sites or pulpits as an opportunity to speculate, or destroy someone's credibility under the disguise of theological 'correction'. Although we see such unreasonable practices routinely going on all over the internet nowadays and in other in other venues in the name of free speech, in the Christian blog world it's not very honest or God honoring on either side, whether we're the authors or the commenters.
Don't know about you folks, but that kind of thing gets old in a hurry to me, and my eyes start to glaze over when people on either side insist on defending their own opinions ad nauseum, without backing it up with proof. I don't see that sort of thing as accomplishing very much for the Lord on either side. It certainly does nothing at all to convince me.
So while we may not always agree, I do respect the way that the author of this site, when new information about BJ's belief in Christ's divinity was discovered, stated on the redux of this thread that getting to the truth is a lot more important here than being right. Whoever we are, may God grant us all the wisdom to do that in ways that honor His truth first, and bring lost souls into salvation.
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An upper gastrointestinal series is an imaging test of your esophagus, stomach, and first part of your small intestine (duodenum). The test is done with X-rays after you swallow a special beverage. The beverage contains either contrast or a powder called barium.
A test of just the back of your mouth and throat (pharynx) and esophagus is called a swallow. It is called a barium swallow if barium is used. It is called a Gastrografin swallow if contrast is used. Gastrografin is the brand name of diatrizoic acid, a contrast material.
Fluoroscopy is also often used during an upper GI series. Fluoroscopy lets the radiologist see the barium as it moves through your upper GI tract. It is like an X-ray "movie."
Barium absorbs X-rays and shows up white on X-ray film. When you swallow the barium, it coats the inside of your upper GI tract organs. This lets the radiologist see how you swallow. It also shows the size and shape of and how well the organs are working. These details may not be seen on standard X-rays. Barium is used only to help diagnose problems in the GI tract.
The radiologist may also use a gas during the test. You may be given a powder, tablet, or carbonated beverage that makes gas when swallowed. Or you may drink the barium through a special straw so that you swallow air with the barium. Air or gas will show up as black on X-ray film. Barium will be white. The gas also expands the organs so they can be seen better.
When the radiologist uses both barium and gas for the test, it is called a double contrast study. You may drink the water-soluble contrast instead of the barium if you have a tear or hole (perforation) in your bowel or esophagus.
You may need an upper GI series if your healthcare provider thinks you have a problem in your esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. These problems may include:
Your healthcare provider may have other reasons to recommend an upper GI series.
You may want to ask your healthcare provider about the amount of radiation used during the test. Also ask about the risks as they apply to you.
Consider writing down all X-rays you get, including past scans and X-rays for other health reasons. Show this list to your provider. The risks of radiation exposure may be tied to the number of X-rays you have and the X-ray treatments you have over time.
Tell your provider if you are pregnant or think you may be pregnant. Radiation exposure during pregnancy may lead to birth defects.
Because contrast dye is used, there is a very common risk for allergic reaction to the dye. Tell your healthcare provider if you are allergic to or sensitive to any medicines, contrast dye, or iodine.
You may be constipated or have impacted stool afterward if all of the barium does not pass out of your body.
You should not have an upper GI series if you:
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You may have an upper GI series as an outpatient or as part of your stay in a hospital. The way the test is done may vary depending on your condition and your healthcare provider's practices.
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CONAKRY, Guinea (AP) — Anti-riot police fired tear gas to disperse anti-government protesters who barricaded streets and threw stones at vehicles in the capital, Conakry.
Political tensions are rising in Guinea before national elections on May 12.
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Talk about the novels, new and used books that Berne has written!
Author Berne's Book Reviews
Bad Timing
Villard, May 2001, 23.95, 242 pp. ISBN: 0679463186 Attending a trashy but in party hosted by a magazine, the thirtyish artist is shocked by her reaction the first time ever she sees jazz club owner Joseph Pendleton. Albeit the African-American is quite a handsome hunk, but the stunner to the artist is she feels attracted to him. She has never found a man appealing like this. Though divorced once and married twice with children from b...


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33 U.S. Code § 1252a - Reservoir projects, water storage; modification; storage for other than for water quality, opinion of Federal agency, committee resolutions of approval;...prescribed water quality benefits in relation to total project benefits
In the case of any reservoir project authorized for construction by the Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, or other Federal agency when the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency determines pursuant to section 1252(b) of this title that any storage in such project for regulation of streamflow for water quality is not needed, or is needed in a different amount, such project may be modified accordingly by the head of the appropriate agency, and any storage no longer required for water quality may be utilized for other authorized purposes of the project when, in the opinion of the head of such agency, such use is justified. Any such modification of a project where the benefits attributable to water quality are 15 per centum or more but not greater than 25 per centum of the total project benefits shall take effect only upon the adoption of resolutions approving such modification by the appropriate committees of the Senate and House of Representatives. The provisions of the section shall not apply to any project where the benefits attributable to water quality exceed 25 per centum of the total project benefits.
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Dr Jo ArmstrongResearch Associate - OFFA Evaluation Programme
Research Interests
Research activities
My main research interests are: gender equality; violence against women; gendered employment policy; gender relations in work (paid and unpaid); the intersection between social class and gender; and intersectionality in equality policies and institutions. I have also been working to bring these interests together by applying an economic lens to the field of gender-based violence. This dual focus allows exploration of the ways in which class positioning impacts upon, and is impacted by, the experience of gendered violence. For example, as a member of the UNESCO Chair in Gender Research Group, I was involved in researching the gendered impact of the financial crisis. More recently, I have been engaged in projects concerning policies to prevent rape and analysis of the gendered dimensions of trafficking in human beings.
Previous projects include those funded by the Equalities and Human Rights Commission (EHRC), the European Commission and the European Parliament. I worked on two reports for the EHRC: one focused on physical and legal security and the Criminal Justice System in Britain; and one which reviewed the statistics and indicators that have been (and could be) used to assess inequalities in the areas of gender, ethnicity, disability, age, religion/belief, sexual orientation and social class. The European Commission project 'QUING' (Quality in Gender+ Equality Policies) involved researching gender equality policies in the UK and Ireland across different areas (general gender equality; non-employment; intimate citizenship; and gender-based violence) as well as comparative work across the EU member states and analysis of the intersections between gender inequality and other inequalities. The European Parliament projects have included an assessment of the use of gender quotas in management boards and an evaluation of policies to prevent rape.
During my employment at Lancaster I have spent periods of time in the Department of Sociology and the Department of Educational Research. I am currently working on projects in both departments. In Educational Research I am a member of the team 'Researching Equity, Access and Participation' (REAP) where my interests are again focused upon equalities and social justice issues (particularly those regarding access to, and success in, Higher Education).
My background is in Sociology and Women's Studies and I completed my doctorate 'Classed and gendered experiences of employment and motherhood' at Lancaster in 2005. This research used in-depth interviews with mothers and a feminist-Bourdieuian theoretical framework to explore the ways women's dispositions toward employment and motherhood are shaped through classed and gendered processes.
Accessing and assessing appropriate widening participation data: an exploration of how data are used and by whom
Holland, N.J., Houghton, A., Armstrong, J.E., Mashiter, C. 06/2017 In: Studies in Continuing Education. 39, 2, p. 214-233. 30 p.
Journal article
Evaluation of the Cumbria and Lancashire Network for Collaborative Outreach (CLNCO)
Houghton, A., Armstrong, J.E., Holland, N.J. 31/01/2017 REAP: Researching Equity, Access and Participation, Lancaster University/ NHS North Lancashire.. 99 p.
Commissioned report
Study on comprehensive policy review of anti-trafficking projects funded by the European Commission: HOME/2014/ISFP/PR/THBX/0052
Walby, S., Towers, J., Francis, B.J., Shire, K., Kelly, L., Apitzsch, B., Armstrong, J.E., Balderston, S., Fish, A.R., Hardaker, C., Kirby, S., May-Chahal, C.A., Palmer, C.E. 17/10/2016 Publications Office of the European Union. 106 p.
Commissioned report
Health social movements and the hybridisation of 'cause regimes': an ethnography of a British childbirth organisation
Roberts, C., Tyler, I., Satchwell, C., Armstrong, J. 07/2016 In: Social Movement Studies. 15, 4, p. 417-430. 14 p.
Journal article
Study on the gender dimension of trafficking in human beings
Walby, S., Apitzsch, B., Armstrong, J.E., Balderston, S., Szmagalska-Follis, K., Francis, B.J., Kelly, L., May-Chahal, C.A., Rashid, A., Shire, K., Towers, J., Tunte, M. 16/03/2016
Other contribution
Stopping rape: towards a comprehensive policy
Walby, S., Olive, P., Towers, J., Francis, B., Strid , S., Krizsan, A., Lombardo , E., May-Chahal, C., Franzway , S., Sugarman, D., Aganwal, B., Armstrong, J. 22/07/2015 Bristol : Policy Press. 308 p. ISBN: 9781447322092.
Intersectionality and the quality of the gender equality architecture
Walby, S., Strid, S., Armstrong, J. 31/10/2012 In: Social Politics. 19, 4, p. 446-481. 36 p.
Journal article
Intersectionality: multiple inequalities in social theory
Walby, S., Armstrong, J., Strid, S. 2012 In: Sociology. 46, 2, p. 224-240. 17 p.
Journal article
Developing Key Indicators of 'Fairness': Competing Frameworks, Multiple Strands and Ten Domains – an Array of Statistics
Walby, S., Armstrong, J. 04/2011 In: Social Policy and Society. 10, 2, p. 205-218. 14 p.
Journal article
Developing measures of multiple forms of sexual violence and their contested treatment in the criminal justice system
Walby, S., Armstrong, J., Strid, S. 2011 In: Handbook on sexual violence. London : Routledge p. 90-113. 24 p. ISBN: 0415670721.
Measuring equalities: data and indicators in Britain
Walby, S., Armstrong, J. 09/2010 In: International Journal of Social Research Methodology. 13, 3, p. 237-249. 13 p.
Journal article
Class and gender at the intersection: working-class women's dispositions towards employment and motherhood
Armstrong, J. 2010 In: Classed intersections. Farnham : Ashgate ISBN: 9780754675624 .
Physical and Legal Security and the Criminal Justice System: A Review of Inequalities
Walby, S., Armstrong, J., Strid, S. 2010 EHRC. 172 p.
Commissioned report
The gendered division of labour: how can we assess the quality of employment and care policy from a gender equality perspective?
Armstrong, J., Walby, S., Strid, S. 2009 In: Benefits. 17, 3, p. 263-275. 13 p.
Journal article
Review of equality statistics
Walby, S., Armstrong, J., Humphreys, L. 2008 Equality and Human Rights Commission. 459 p.
Commissioned report
'Beyond 'flexibility' and 'juggling': theorising classed and gendered practices of employment and motherhood
Armstrong, J. 2006 In: Sociological Research Online. 11, 2
Journal article
The practicalities of successful collaboration: a third space and blended professional?
Participation in conference
The practicalities of successful collaboration: a third space and blended professional?
Participation in conference
Emergent themes from an evaluation of the Cumbria and Lancashire Network for Collaborative Outreach and lessons for the National Collaborative Outreach Programme?
Participation in conference
Emergent themes from an evaluation of the Cumbria and Lancashire Network for Collaborative Outreach and lessons for the National Collaborative Outreach Programme?
Participation in conference


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Installing with Fake RAID
- 1 Update
- 2 General Description
- 3 History
- 4 Backup
- 5 Outline
- 6 Procedure
- 7 External Links
Just noticed dmraid package has moved from AUR straight into Core as a Base package, wonderful! This just made things a lot easier. Once it's on the install image and is automagically loaded during installation this guide probably won't be needed.
Great News!
There is now an install image with dmraid on it. Basically what you need to do now is run dmraid -ay before starting /arch/setup and choose OTHER and enter /dev/mapper/[driver]_[letters] as your drive. Woohoo, will be rewriting this guide to nothing on the next re installation. http://wiki.archlinux.de/?title=Download
General Description
The purpose of this install is to enable use of a RAID Set created by the onboard BIOS RAID controller and thereby opening up the possibility of using GRUB to dualboot from a partition on the RAID Set. This guide uses the regular install, the quickinstall and dmraid.
Note: You need to manually bring the dmraid package to your install as it is not yet on the install iso.
In linux 2.4 the ATARAID kernel framework provided support for Fake Raid (software RAID assisted by the BIOS). For linux 2.6 the device-mapper framework can do, among other nice things like LVM and EVMS, the same kind of work as ATARAID in 2.4. While the new code handling the RAID's I/O still runs in the kernel, device-mapper stuff is generally configured by a userspace application. It was clear that when using the device-mapper for RAID, detection would go to userspace.
Heinz Maulshagen created the dmraid tool to detect RAID sets and create mappings for them. The controllers supported are (mostly cheap) Fake-RAID IDE / SATA controllers which have BIOS functions on it. Most common ones are: Promise Fasttrack controllers as well as HPT 37x, Intel, VIA and LSI. Also serial ata RAID controllers like Silicon Image Medley and Nvidia Nforce are supported by the program.
- Tested with nforce4-chipset on Core Dump i686 and x86_64. Works with dualbooted Windows XP.
- For more info on supported hardware check gentoo-guide down low.
Backup all data before playing with RAID, what you do with your hardware is only your own fault. Data on RAID Stripes are highly vulnerable to disk failures, create regular backups.
- Prepare
- Boot the Installer CD
- Install dmraid
- Partition the RAID Set
- Install and Configure Arch
- Reboot
Prepare Install Media
- Print out the guides you need.
- Get the latest core image of Archlinux.
- Get the dmraid package ftp://ftp.archlinux.org/core/os/i686/dmraid-1.0.0.rc14-3-i686.pkg.tar.gz
- Copy pkg to the installer CD-image, or put it on a USB-stick.
- Update and burn the CD-image.
- Backup all important files since all partitions on the target disks will be destroyed.
- Reboot
Setup RAID Sets
- Enter BIOS Setup and enable the proper RAID Controllers and Channels.
- Set CD-drive as First Boot Priority.
- Save and Exit BIOS.
- Enter RAID BIOS Setup utility and create preferred Stripe / Mirror Sets.
Boot the installer CD
If your screen can handle it, consider adding
vga=795 as a boot option, there are some long lines involved here.
boot: arch vga=795
Install dmraid
Assuming dmraid package is added to the installer CD:s root and the CD is /dev/sr0
- Mount CD, install package and find RAID Sets:
# mount /dev/sr0 /src # pacman -U /src/dmraid-* # dmraid.static -ay # ls -l /dev/mapper/
/dev/mapper/control <-- Created by device-mapper /dev/mapper/nvidia_geceiece <-- The whole RAID set. /dev/mapper/nvidia_geceiece1 <-- First partition on this RAID set
If there is only one file control in /dev/mapper/ then dmraid does not support this controller or there are no RAID Sets on the system. Current options are to use Software RAID, this means no dualbooted RAID system, or to get a supported controller.
Partition the RAID Set
- Create the proper partitions
- Deactivate all RAID devices
- Reactivate the newly created RAID devices
- Note: Now would be a good time to install the other OS since this most likely is the plan. If installing Windows XP to c: then the boot partition should be changed to type: hidden fat32 [1B] during the Windows installation and then changed back to type: linux [83] for GRUB.
- Of course a reboot unfortunately requires some of the above steps to be repeated.
# cfdisk /dev/mapper/raid_set # dmsetup remove_all # dmraid.static -ay # ls -la /dev/mapper
Example setup for dualboot:
/dev/mapper/raid_set <-- This is the whole RAID set. /dev/mapper/raid_set1 <-- /boot /dev/mapper/raid_set2 <-- c:\ in windows /dev/mapper/raid_set3 <-- / /dev/mapper/raid_set5 <-- swap /dev/mapper/raid_set6 <-- /tmp /dev/mapper/raid_set7 <-- /home /dev/mapper/raid_set8 <-- d:\ in windows
Install and Configure Arch
For instance use three consoles; the quickinstall script to get all files on the system, the setup gui to configure the system and chroot to install grub and finally a cfdisk reference since RAID sets have weird names.
tty1: /arch/quickinstall, chroot and grub
tty2: /arch/setup
tty3: cfdisk for a reference in spelling, partition table and geometry of the RAID Set. Leave it running and switch to when needed.
Create and Mount File Systems
- Switch to tty3 and run cfdisk.
# cfdisk /dev/mapper/raid_set
- Switch to tty1, create file systems and mount them.
# mkswap /dev/mapper/raid_set5 # mkfs.ext2 /dev/mapper/raid_set1 # mkfs.ext2 /dev/mapper/raid_set6 # mkfs.jfs /dev/mapper/raid_set3 # mkfs.jfs /dev/mapper/raid_set7 # mount /dev/mapper/raid_set3 /mnt/ # mkdir /mnt/boot /mnt/tmp /mnt/home # mount /dev/mapper/raid_set1 /mnt/boot/ # mount /dev/mapper/raid_set6 /mnt/tmp/ # mount /dev/mapper/raid_set7 /mnt/home/
Install Packages
- Run the quickinstall script
# /arch/quickinstall cd /mnt/ /src/core/pkg/
- Prepare for dmraid and chrooted environment
# mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev # mount -t proc none /mnt/proc # mount -t sysfs none /mnt/sys
- Install dmraid
- This should be done before chrooting into
/mnt/so as not to get problems with file system sizes.
# pacman --root /mnt/ -U /src/dmraid-* # chroot /mnt/ /bin/bash/
- Update nodes for GRUB
- GRUB will have trouble finding
/dev/mapper/raid_setin the chrooted environment unless the device-mappers nodes are updated.
# dmsetup mknodes
Setup Arch
- Switch to tty2 and start the regular installer.
# /arch/setup
- Go directly to the System configuration menu and let the installer use it's autodetect features.
- It is not necessary to enable any software raid, encryption or lvm features for dmraid to work.
- Edit /etc/mkinitcpio.conf and add
dmraidto the HOOKS line.
- It is probably a good idea to do this right after
sata. Remember to check that the correct disc controller driver was found by autoconfig and put inside MODULES.
- Save your changes and repeat with /etc/mkinitcpio.d/kernel26-fallback.conf.
- Edit any other settings and exit the Configuration menu.
- As the kernel is regenerated check for
Running hook [dmraid]and see that it installs properly.
Note: Every time the Configuration menu is entered, the autoconfiguration process overwrites mkinitcpio.conf and the fallback config. They need to be re-edited every time.
Install GRUB
- Choose Install Boot Loader from the Archlinux Setup menu and choose GRUB.
- Find and choose
- Edit
/boot/grub/menu.lstto point to your RAID set's root partition.
- Change
- We are not installing on software RAID if the installer asks.
- The installation will fail, but not before it has copied all necessary files to
- Do not exit the gui installer at this point!
- This will unmount the file systems we previously mounted for dmraid install and chroot. Somewhat annoying since they are still needed.
- Switch to tty3 and look up the geometry of our RAID Set.
- The number of Cylinders, Heads and Sectors on the RAID Set should be written up high inside cfdisk.
- Example:
18079 255 63for a RAID Stripe of two 74GB Raptor discs.
- Grub does not understand this and needs to be told with 'geometry'.
- Switch to tty1, the chrooted environment.
- Install GRUB on
- Exchange C H S below with the proper numbers and be aware that they are not printed in the same order as they are read from cfdisk.
# grub --device-map=/dev/null grub> device (hd0) /dev/mapper/raid_set grub> geometry (hd0) C H S
If geometry is entered properly, GRUB will spit out a list of partitions found on this RAID Set.
grub> root (hd0,0) grub> setup (hd0) grub> quit
- Add mountpoints to
# echo"/dev/mapper/raid_set3 / jfs defaults 0 1" >> /etc/fstab # echo"/dev/mapper/raid_set5 swap swap defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # echo"/dev/mapper/raid_set1 /boot ext2 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # echo"/dev/mapper/raid_set6 /tmp ext2 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab # echo"/dev/mapper/raid_set7 /home jfs defaults 0 2" >> /etc/fstab
- Exit the chrooted environment.
- Exit installer
- Quit cfdisk.
- Unmount the file systems.
- Exit all shells.
- Reboot and remove installer CD.
# umount /mnt/* # umount /mnt # reboot
External Links
Bug report on adding dmraid to the install CD: http://bugs.archlinux.org/task/4762
Forum thread that lead to this guide: http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=22038
Gentoo Wiki page that greatly contributed: http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_Gentoo_Install_on_Bios_(Onboard)_RAID


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|International Space Station Imagery
high res (0.9 M) low res (59 K)
|201210210032hq (21 Oct. 2012) --- The Soyuz rocket is erected into position after being rolled out to the launch pad by train on Oct. 21, 2012, at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. Launch of the Soyuz rocket is scheduled for Oct. 23 and will send Expedition 33 Flight Engineer Kevin Ford of NASA, Soyuz Commander Oleg Novitskiy and Flight Engineer Evgeny Tarelkin of Roscosmos on a five-month mission aboard the International Space Station. Photo credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls
Curator: JSC PAO Web Team | Responsible NASA Official: Amiko Kauderer | Updated: 10/31/2012


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Worst Emmy White: Julianna Margulies
She wore a ceramic coffee mug. This is what I called it, even before I rolled my eyes at her win over Connie Britton's Tami Taylor. Julianna Margulies is the uninspired vote. Because if you've had the pleasure of watching Britton on Friday Night Lights, well, you know it would be impossible to award the Emmy to Kyle Chandler without acknowledging her work.
But this post is not intended to be an argument about the actresses. What we're doing here is declaring that this Armani Prive is super ugly, because it derived its inspiration from the kind of coffee mug you'd find in a wiccan cafe. Or at Ikea. To say nothing of that goddamn hair lumping out on both sides like Gary Oldman's Dracula. Maybe, MAYBE Cate Blanchett would have been able to save it, but Julianna, as lovely as she is, just doesn't have that ability.
Photos from Wenn.com and Frazer Harrison/Gettyimages.com


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March 18. 2013 9:34PM
In Weare sex assault case, one makes bail, another still jailed
By NANCY BEAN FOSTER
Union Leader Correspondent
WEARE - Two men charged in connection with sexually assaulting a 20-year-old woman last week were arraigned in Goffstown District Court Monday.
On Wednesday, March 13, Tyler Janvrin, 20, of 71 Daniels Road in Weare, and James Cheney, 21, of 9 Snows Court in Dover, allegedly picked up the victim in Dover and drove her to Janvrin's apartment in Weare, said Sgt. Joe Kelley of the Weare Police Department. At the apartment, the two men allegedly held the woman against her will and repeatedly sexually assaulted her.
After the woman returned to the Dover area, she sought medical attention at a local hospital and police were brought in to investigate.
On Friday, they arrested Janvrin in Weare and charged him with two counts of aggravated felonious sexual assault, two counts of simple assault, false imprisonment, criminal restraint and witness tampering. Janvrin, according to Kelley, was held on $50,000 cash-only bail. At his arraignment on Monday at Goffstown District Court, bail was continued at $50,000 and Janvrin was returned to Valley Street Jail in Manchester pending a probable cause hearing.
Kelley said Janvrin was on parole for an attempted armed robbery of a Dover liquor store in 2011. According to Foster's Daily Democrat, Janvrin, armed with a shotgun, attempted to rob Smiley's Beverage Center on Main Street in January 2011 but was thwarted by store clerks. He was arrested and later served time for the crime.
Cheney, the son of Dover City Counselor and former Strafford County Commissioner Catherine Cheney, was arrested Friday at his mother's home on Snows Court.
The Eagle Scout, who was charged with four counts of aggravated felonious sexual assault, two counts of simple assault, false imprisonment, criminal restraint, and witness tampering, was released over the weekend on $25,000 cash-only bail, according to Kelley. He was also arraigned on Monday at Goffstown District Court and will return for a probable cause hearing.
Both Cheney and Janvrin have been ordered to have no contact with the alleged victim.
Reached at her home by phone on Monday, Catherine Cheney refused to comment on the case.


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Poland Gazetteers
Gazetteers are dictionaries of place-names. They describe towns, villages, counties, provinces, and population sizes; parishes; and rivers, mountains, and other geographical features. They usually include only places that existed at the time of publication.
The place-names are generally listed in alphabetical order.
Gazetteers may also provide the following information about towns:
- Local religious denominations and parishes
- Postal facilities and other communication facilities (telephone, telegraph, and so on)
- Local commerce, agriculture, manufacturing works, canals, docks, and railroad stations
- Schools, colleges, and universities
You can use gazetteers to locate places where your family lived and determine the civil and church jurisdictions over those places. For example, Sarnów in Gliwice County is a small village that belongs to the Catholic parish of Toszek.
Because many places in Poland have the same or similar names, you will need to use a gazetteer to identify the specific town your ancestor lived in, the civil district it was in, and the jurisdictions where records about your ancestor were kept.
Gazetteers can also help you determine the county jurisdictions used in the Family History Library Catalog.
Finding Place-Names in the Family History Library Catalog
The Family History Library Catalog lists place-names under county (wojewódzstwo) jurisdictions used in the 1960s and 70s. Names are also listed under the German-Prussian province (Provinz) as of 1871–1914 or the Austrian province (Provinz) as of 1850–1915. To find the province that a town is filed under in the Family History Library Catalog, use the "see" references on the catalog's first locality microfiche of each state. If you have the catalog on compact disc, use the "Locality Browse" search.
Each town is listed in the catalog with its district (powiat or Kreis) jurisdiction to distinquish it from other places of the same name.
Because of the many changes in place-names, the Family History Library uses one gazetteer as the standard guide for listing places in the Family History Library Catalog. Regardless of the names a place may have had at various times, all Polish places are listed in the catalog by the name they are listed under in:
Spis miejscowości Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej(Gazetteer of the Polish People's Republic). Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Komunikacji I Łaczności, 1967. (FHL book 943.8E5s; film 0844922.) This gazetteer lists locality names as they existed from the 1950s to the 1980s. Locality names are listed alphabetically in column 1; column 3 indicates district; column 4, province; column 5, post office location; and column 7 the location of the current vital records office. For former Polish towns that are now part of Russia, see the 1934 Listing of Localities of the Polish Republic by Bystrzycki listed below.
Modern Place-Names
For research purposes such as correspondence, learn which jurisdictions your ancestral town was under at various times. Current jurisdictions can help you find the ancestral town on modern maps. The following modern gazetteers are at most large libraries and archives:
Wykaz urz.dowych nazw miejscowości w Polsce (List of official place-names in Poland). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Akcydensowe, 1980. (FHL book 943.8 E5wu; fiche 6053522.) This gazetteer lists the jurisdictions as they were from the 1980s to 1998. Towns are listed alphabetically, giving the distict and province they are located in and the post office location. No parishes jurisdictions are listed.
Bystrzycki, Tadeusz. Skorowidz miejscowości Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej(Listing of localities of the Polish Republic). 3 vols. Przemyśl: Wydawnictwo Książnicy Naukowej, 1934. (FHL book 943.8 E5sm; film 11343868.) This gazetteer, of the republic of Poland from 1918–1939, is the most accurate gazetteer for the territory. It is arranged alphabetically in the first column. Other columns include townships, districts, provinces, post offices, and railways.
The last column gives parish jurisdictions but not synagogues. It does not include towns in western Poland that were part of Prussia in 1934 (for these towns, see the 1967 gazetteer mentioned previously).
Similar national sources are listed in the Family History Library Catalog under:
Historical Place-Names
With changes in national boundaries and governments, many place names and jurisdictions in Poland have changed. The following gazetteers identify Polish localities as they existed under Austrian, German, and Russian administrations:
"Gemeindelexikon von Galizien" (Gazetteer of Galicia) Gemeindelexikon der in Reichsrate vertretenen Königreiche und Länder (Gazetteer of the crown lands and territories represented in the imperial council). Vol. 12. Vienna: K. K. Statistischen Zentralkommission, 1907. (FHL book 943.6 E5g; film 1187928.)
To use, find the village in the index, which gives the page number in the gazetteer. This will help locate the district given at the top of the page. In the appendix section, using the name of the district and the village, you can determine the parish town where the church records were kept for your village.
Uetrecht, E., Meyers Orts und Verkehrs-Lexikon des Deutschen Reichs (Meyer's gazetteer and directory of the German Empire). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut, 1912–. (FHL book 943.E5mo; film 496640–41; fiche 6000001– 29.) This gazetteer lists places alphabetically, gives their former German province, and states whether a place has its own parish or synagogue. It also indicates the location of the vital records office.
Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preussen (Gazetteer for the Kingdom of Prussia). 13 vols. Berlin: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Landesamts, 1907–09. (FHL book 943.E5kp; film 1186701, 0806633–35.) Volumes for each Prussian province are arranged by district with an index at the end. The gazetteer is in German Gothic print. Information is given in columns and includes population figures as well as civil and ecclesiastical jurisdictions.
Russia (and many places in Austria and Germany)
Sulimierski, Filip, ed.Slownik geograficzny królestwa polskiego i innych krajów slowiańskich (Geographical dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and other Slavic countries). 15 vols. Warsaw: Sulimierski i Walewski, 1880–1902. (FHL book 943.8 E5c; film 920957–72.) These locations are listed alphabetically with Polish text.
The following book gives name changes after World War I:
Kredel, Otto, and Franz Thierfelder, Deutsch-fremdsprachiges Ortnamenverzeichnis (German-foreign gazetteer). 3 vols. Berlin: Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1931. (FHL book 940 E5kt; film 0950387.) The purpose of this gazetteer is to locate place-name changes after World War I.
These sources are listed in the Family History Library Catalog under:
Spis miejschowości Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej. Polish gazetteer for 1968 (2 volumes). (FHL book 943.8 E5s; film 2037058 or fiche 6000369-6000383.)
Here is a translation of the columns used in this gazetteer:
Column 1 Name of town
Column 2 Name of next larger administrative unit
Column 3 County or district seat (powiat)
Column 4 Province (woj.)
Column 7 Vital records office
Slownik geograficzny królestwa polskiego i innych krajów slowiańskych. Geographical dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland prior to WWI (15 volumes), Warszawa, 1880. (FHL book 943.8 E5c; film 920957-72.)
Vol. 1 Aa-Dereneczna 920,957
Vol. 2 Derenek-Gzack 920,958
Vol. 3 Haag-Kepy 920,959
Vol. 4 Kes-Kutno 920,960
Vol. 5 Kutowa-Malczyce 920,961
Vol. 6 Malczyce-Netreba 920,962
Vol. 7 Netrebka-Perepiat 920,963
Vol. 8 Perepiatycha-Pozajscie 920,964
Vol. 9 Pozajscie-Ruksze 920,965
Vol. 10 Rukszenice-Sochaczew 920,966
Vol. 11 Sochaczew-Szlurbowska 920,967
Vol. 12 Szlurpkiszki-Warlynka 920,968
Vol. 13 Warmbrunn-Worowo 920,969
Vol. 14 Worowo-Zyzyn 920,970
Vol. 15 Ababi-Janus addendum 920,971
Vol. 15 II Januszpol-Wola addendum 920,972
Skorowidz miejscowości rzeczypospolitej polskiej. A gazetteer of Poland between WWI and II (2 volumes). 1934. (FHL book 943.8 E5sm; films 2037057-8.) Index of locallities of the Polish Republic. This gazetteer is arranged alphabetically in Polish. Jurisdictional information is given in columns. The parishes are listed in the last column. <br>
Important abbreviations:
e Evangelical
g Greek Catholic
loco in the locality
p Orthodox
r Roman Catholic
Gemeindelexikon Der Im Reichsrate Vertretenen Königreiche and Länder. V. 12 (1900). (FHL book 943.6 E5g.) This gazetteer was based on the 1900 census of Austria-Hungary; arranged by district with an index of both German and non-German versions of place-names. Population and other figures are given in columns with headings in German. Between the main text and the index is an appendix which indicates the location of the church vital records office.
Genealogical Gazetteer of Galicia. Lenius, Brian, Anola, Manitoba, Canada (1999). (FHL book 943.65 E5L.) A gazetteer with localities in Galicia which are now either in Poland or Ukraine.
Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen. Königlichen Statistischen Landesamts. Ostpreussen, Westpreussen, Brandenburg, Posen, Schlesien, Pommern. (6 volumes) (1907). (FHL book 943 E5kp.) This set of gazetteers has volumes for each of the Prussian provinces arranged by Kreis (district) with an index at the end. The index gives the Kreis number and the number of the locality as it appears in alphabetical order within the Kreis. (line number) The gazetteer is in German with Gothic style print. Information is given in columns and includes population figures as well as civil and ecclesiastical jurisdictions. The parish is given in column 25 (Evangelical) and column 26 (Catholic).
Wykaz urzędowych nazw miejscowści w Polsce. V. 1. (FHL book 943.8 E5wu.)
Słownik nazw geograficznych Polski zachódniej i pólnocnej. Place name change dictionary of places taken from Germany after WW II and that were incorporated into Poland and Russia. V. 1. (FHL book 943.8 E5sn; film 847874.)
Roman Catholic parishes in the Polish People's Republic in 1984. Lidia Müllerowa, Chicago, Illinois. 1995. (FHL book 943.8 K24m.)
Alphabetisches Ortsnamenverzeichnis der Deutschen Ostgebiete unter fremder Verwaltung, Band 11. V. 1. 1955. (FHL book 943.8 E5b.)
Jewish Roots in Poland. Miriam Weiner, Secaucus, New Jersey. 1997. A listing of Jewish archival holdings. (FHL book 943.8 F2wm.)
Oficjalny Spis Pocztowych Numerów Adresowych, Warszawa 1993. Polish Postal Guide. (FHL book 943.8 E80.)
Slownik Geograficzny- Poland and Eastern Europe Gazetteer
Slownik Geograficzny is a Polish language gazetteer. Its full title translated is "Geographic Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland and Other Slavic Lands." It was published in Warsaw between 1880 and 1903 in a series of 16 volumes, 14 alphabetical and two additional volumes with supplemental material.
Slownik Geograficzny has 15 to 20 thousand entries about regions, cities, and towns of Eastern Europe. The description starts by giving the geographic setting of the village in relation to nearby rivers or larger towns. It also describes local features of importance such as schools, churches, telegraph offices, industries, and fortifications. Other important information sometimes included is population count broken down by religion, and history of warfare in the area.At times this information is given for multiple years in the village, giving a picture of how the village changed over time.
Slownik Geograficzny also often traces the ownership of the village. These villages were usually owned by a Polish or Russian noble family. Sometimes the owners of these villages kept censuses of the residents of their lands. The papers of some of these large landowners have ended up in archival collections. AVOTAYNU ( http://www.avotaynu.com/ a Jewish Genealogy Organization) has a list of where known collections of such papers are located.
Slownik Geograficzny is available in printed form in libraries with specialized Polish collections. It is available on films 9209957-9209971 at the Family History Library. The Polish Genealogical Society of America also produced a CD-ROM containing images from a limited production facsimile edition created in 1986-1987.
Although the Polish in Slownik Geograficzny is over 100 years old and contains some obscure vocabulary and abbreviations, websites of the organizations AVOTAYNU, PolishRoots, and the PGSA have created helper lists for a large number of these terms. Another important note is that the sources Slownik Geograficzny drew upon to create this work were not always accurate.
What can we learn from Slownik Geograficzny?
Richard M. Spector
Call Number: US 296.05 AV 79
Spring 2006 V. XXII Number 1
Localities are listed alphabetically following the normal Polish alphabetical order except that o and ó are alphabetized as one letter. If there are several localities with the same name they are numbered; places in the Kingdom of Poland first, followed by places in Galicia, Ukraine, Belorussia, Prussia and other states. If the locality had a foreign name or alternate spelling it is indicated in italics after teh entry. Some entries will refer you to another entry with the abbreviation ob meaning "see".
Entries usually give the following information: 1. Description of the locality we, wies - village os., osada- settlement fol., folwark- manor dobra-estate mko, miasteczko - town mto, miasto- city jez., jezioro-lake rz., rzeka-river strumien-stream 2. District (pow, powiat)
This is given with a grammatical ending. Refer to A Gazetteer of Polish Adjectival Place-Names (Ref. 943.8 E5sd, also on Film no 1,181531 item 4)
3. Township or Community (gm.gmina) 4. Parish (par., parafia)
This is usually the Roman-Catholic parish (par. rz.kat.) unless otherwise specified: (par.ew.) Evangelical Lutheran., (par.prawos), Orthodox, (par.gr.k.) Greek-Catholic Uniate. If the parish is not specified in the entry then refer to the entry for a locality noted as being nearby.
5. Population figures, agricultural data, number of houses, distance from other localities and other information:
dm., domow-houses mk., mieszkancow-inhabitants w. wiorst-werst (1.7 kilometers) zyd., Zydow-Jews
Web Resources
ShtetlSeeker is a major search resource for place names throughout eastern Europe. The biggest advantage of this search is that it uses a specialized soundex system to find places. This can be very helpful if your spelling is not quite accurate. Keep in mind that not all the results will be of value. A soundex result is not intended to provide sounds-like results. You have to be judicious in selecting the correct place from the display page.
Kartenmeister only covers those parts of Poland formerly ruled by Prussia. It is especially useful because it is based on the Germanic place names that existed in that era. It does not have a soundex system but will allow searches with starting letters, or combinations of middle and ending letters. It provides current equivalent Polish place names where known.
The following sites allow for a variety of search options.


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PRESCOTT VALLEY, Ariz. (AP) — Vice President Joe Biden says the 19 Arizona firefighters killed in a wildfire were men of "uncommon valor" who rushed to save a town and gave their lives in the process.
Biden called the members of the Granite Mountain Hotshots who died June 30 some of the most disciplined, tenacious and physically fit men in the world. He added, "Firefighting is not what they did. It was who they were."
The vice president made the remarks Tuesday at a memorial for the firefighters held in a packed 6,000-seat arena in Prescott Valley, Ariz. Thousands of firefighters and law enforcement officers from across the nation attended, along with the men's families, Gov. Jan Brewer, and members of the state's congressional delegation.
Biden praised the firefighters' families for supporting what he called ordinary Americans doing extraordinary things despite the inherent dangers of their jobs.


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Police Seek Person Who Mailed Murdered Cab Driver's License | News
BUFFALO, NY -- Buffalo Police are trying to find out who found the driver's license belonging to a murdered Airport Taxi cab driver, and where that license was found.
Homicide detectives were called out Wednesday morning to the 700 block of Norfolk near Kensington on the city's east side after a co-worker discovered the body of 55-year-old Mazen Abdallah of Buffalo.
"He was found by a fellow cab operator," says Chief Dennis Richards with the Buffalo Police Department. "What we've seen, oftentimes, cabbies come to each others' assistance when there's trouble or they go missing."
Police say a good samaritan dropped Abdallah's license into the mail, perhaps not realizing the significance of the find at the time. The license was contained in a brown leather-and-plastic wallet insert.
Investigators are asking that person to come forward to tell them where the license was found and mailed.
Detectives are also reaching out to witnesses who may have seen a white Lincoln Town Car with the number "57" on it Wednesday between 5 and 7 a.m.
A woman who works at a daycare next to the crime scene told 2 On Your Side it was difficult getting her children to the bus stop because investigators told them they could not walk in the snow as detectives collected evidence.
"All the kids that's in the daycare, they're very confused and not knowing what's going on, and it's scary," said Trina Washington. "They keep telling the kids do not walk on the snow and they're confused on why they can't walk on the snow or why they have to keep their hands to the sides, so it's scary to not be able to tell my kids what's going on is very scary."
With all of the police cars in the area, the bus stop location had to change, but Washington got her children there without a problem.
Demetrius Moore works for another cab company in Buffalo both as a driver and a manager. He rushed to the scene thinking one of his drivers was shot. When he got there, he found out the victim did not work for him at Buffalo Transportation. Moore says he thinks about his safety every day.
"I myself was just involved in a situation. It's a dangerous business, but it's no different than the average pedestrian walking down the street. I always tell somebody, if somebody wants to do something, they're gonna do it, you know. Whether it's in a cab, whether it's in a store, or walking down the street," says Moore.
Moore adds that to protect yourself as a cab driver, you can put shields or security cameras in your car.
Buffalo Police did not say whether they are looking for a single suspect or a group of suspects. They also say that there's no indication Abdallah was targetted.


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M1 Clinic at BRRC
CMP M1 Garand class and clinic Review
Last Sunday I had the opportunity to attend a Garand clinic and match, put on by the Burbank Rifle and Revolver club. They offer the clinic on the third Sunday of odd numbered months. The club putting on the clinic had Garands available to the participants for shooting in the match. The clinic was free, the match portion was 15$, plus the cost if you used their ammo of 20$. There were pads on the firing line, and all you need to bring is a good attitude.
We traveled up the I5 to the range, and filled out the releases and paperwork for the CMP. Weather was cool and breezy, but sunny. Other experienced competitors were there to shoot a match in relays using the 200 yard range.
BRRC clinics are taught by CMP Master Instructor Dennis Santiago. Dennis has been teaching this course since 2007. The clinic started with a discussion of gun safety, especially muzzle control and the use of an empty chamber indicator. Throughout the clinic safety was stressed and demonstrated. There was an interesting presentation on the history of the DCM and CMP, followed by the history of the US Service Rifles. The operation and parts of the M1 were covered including the operation of the gas system.
The hands on portion of the clinic included:
1. How to check that the rifle is unloaded, how to lock the action back completely, and the use of the Empty Chamber Indicator (ECI required in CMP matches).
2. How to safely release the bolt and avoid the M1 thumb.
3. How to load a single round without a carrier.
4. How to load 2 rounds in an enbloc needed for the rapid fire portions of 10 rounds (2 plus 8).
5. Trigger control principles, setting windage and elevation with the sights, and proper sight picture. Everyone was also tested to check for their dominant eye.
6. How to rig the sling, demonstrated with the web sling.
7. The prone position; and how to move the position to adjust the point of aim. Checking the natural point of aim was covered as well. The importance of breathing and relaxing the muscles was demonstrated.
8. Off Hand position was demonstrated and discussed.
Other portions of the lecture covered range commands, target and scoring. The clinic took about 2.5 hours, and then we were off to shoot our match at the 100 yard range, using a reduced target. The SR1 target is reduced to give scoring ring half the size of the target used for 200 yard matches.
The line officer for the match at BRRC is Wayne Fenner who also happens to be one of the pit bosses at the U.S. Nationals at Camp Perry, Ohio. After a second review of range safety rules and commands BRRC makes sure the information is absorbed -- we were assisted in setting up slings and prone positions. There were several experienced coaches to help with setup most of whom are graduates of the same course we were taking that day. We then fired a number of sighters, the coaches had spotting scopes to assist with zeroing the shots. We then fired 10 shots prone, slow fire, as part of the match. After scoring and target replacement, we started the 10 shot prone rapid fire portion. This was more challenging - noise plus dust and concern about time caused many shots to be rushed. We finished the match with 10 shots slow fire offhand. This was really challenging for most the weight of the rifle and trying to get a good aim was difficult.
Afterwards there was a certificate award ceremony for completing the clinic.
I really enjoyed the clinic; it was an opportunity to learn about the Garand, the history, positions and what is needed to shoot in a competition. It was much more difficult than shooting from a bench with sandbags and supports. The match let me know how much I have to learn, but also gave me the tools I needed to practice.
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Buying A Wedding Dress Online
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Buyingbuy (bī),USA pronunciation v., bought, buy•ing, n.
- to acquire the possession of, or the right to, by paying or promising to pay an equivalent, esp. in money;
- to acquire by exchange or concession: to buy favor with flattery.
- to hire or obtain the services of: The Yankees bought a new center fielder.
- to bribe: Most public officials cannot be bought.
- to be the monetary or purchasing equivalent of: Ten dollars buys less than it used to.
- [Chiefly Theol.]to redeem;
- [Cards.]to draw or be dealt (a card): He bought an ace.
- to accept or believe: I don't buy that explanation.
- to be deceived by: He bought the whole story.
- to be or become a purchaser.
- buy down, to lower or reduce (the mortgage interest rate) by means of a buy-down.
- buy in:
- to buy a supply of;
accumulate a stock of.
- to buy back one's own possession at an auction.
- to undertake a buy-in. Also, buy into.
- buy into, to purchase a share, interest, or membership in: They tried to buy into the club but were not accepted.
- buy it, [Slang.]to get killed: He bought it at Dunkirk.
- buy off, to get rid of (a claim, opposition, etc.) by payment;
purchase the noninterference of;
bribe: The corrupt official bought off those who might expose him.
- buy out, to secure all of (an owner or partner's) share or interest in an enterprise: She bought out an established pharmacist and is doing very well.
- buy up, to buy as much as one can of something or as much as is offered for sale: He bought up the last of the strawberries at the fruit market.
buy′a•ble, adj.
- an act or instance of buying.
- something bought or to be bought;
purchase: That coat was a sensible buy.
- a bargain: The couch was a real buy.
Weddingwed•ding (wed′ing),USA pronunciation n.
- the act or ceremony of marrying;
- the anniversary of a marriage, or its celebration: They invited guests to their silver wedding.
- the act or an instance of blending or joining, esp. opposite or contrasting elements: a perfect wedding of conservatism and liberalism.
- a merger.
- of or pertaining to a wedding: the wedding ceremony; a wedding dress.
Dressdress (dres),USA pronunciation n., adj., v., dressed or drest, dress•ing.
- an outer garment for women and girls, consisting of bodice and skirt in one piece.
- clothing;
garb: The dress of the 18th century was colorful.
- formal attire.
- a particular form of appearance;
- outer covering, as the plumage of birds.
- of or for a dress or dresses.
- of or for a formal occasion.
- requiring formal dress.
- to put clothing upon.
- to put formal or evening clothes on.
- to trim;
adorn: to dress a store window; to dress a Christmas tree.
- to design clothing for or sell clothes to.
- to comb out and do up (hair).
- to cut up, trim, and remove the skin, feathers, viscera, etc., from (an animal, meat, fowl, or flesh of a fowl) for market or for cooking (often fol. by out when referring to a large animal): We dressed three chickens for the dinner. He dressed out the deer when he got back to camp.
- to prepare (skins, fabrics, timber, stone, ore, etc.) by special processes.
- to apply medication or a dressing to (a wound or sore).
- to make straight;
bring (troops) into line: to dress ranks.
- to make (stone, wood, or other building material) smooth.
- to cultivate (land, fields, etc.).
- [Theat.]to arrange (a stage) by effective placement of properties, scenery, actors, etc.
- to ornament (a vessel) with ensigns, house flags, code flags, etc.: The bark was dressed with masthead flags only.
- [Angling.]
- to prepare or bait (a fishhook) for use.
- to prepare (bait, esp. an artificial fly) for use.
- to fit (furniture) around and between pages in a chase prior to locking it up.
- to supply with accessories, optional features, etc.: to have one's new car fully dressed.
- to clothe or attire oneself;
put on one's clothes: Wake up and dress, now!
- to put on or wear formal or fancy clothes: to dress for dinner.
- to come into line, as troops.
- to align oneself with the next soldier, marcher, dancer, etc., in line.
- dress down:
- to reprimand;
- to thrash;
- to dress informally or less formally: to dress down for the shipboard luau.
- dress ship:
- to decorate a ship by hoisting lines of flags running its full length.
- [U.S. Navy.]to display the national ensigns at each masthead and a larger ensign on the flagstaff.
- dress up:
- to put on one's best or fanciest clothing;
dress relatively formally: They were dressed up for the Easter parade.
- to dress in costume or in another person's clothes: to dress up in Victorian clothing; to dress up as Marie Antoinette.
- to embellish or disguise, esp. in order to make more appealing or acceptable: to dress up the facts with colorful details.
Onlineline1 (līn),USA pronunciation n., v., lined, lin•ing.
- a mark or stroke long in proportion to its breadth, made with a pen, pencil, tool, etc., on a surface: a line down the middle of the page.
- a continuous extent of length, straight or curved, without breadth or thickness;
the trace of a moving point.
- something arranged along a line, esp. a straight line;
a row or series: a line of trees.
- a number of persons standing one behind the other and waiting their turns at or for something;
- something resembling a traced line, as a band of color, a seam, or a furrow: lines of stratification in rock.
- a furrow or wrinkle on the face, neck, etc.: lines around the eyes.
- an indication of demarcation;
limit: the county line; a fine line between right and wrong.
- a row of written or printed letters, words, etc.: a page of 30 lines.
- a verse of poetry: A line in iambic pentameter contains five feet.
- Usually, lines. the words of an actor's part in a drama, musical comedy, etc.: to rehearse one's lines.
- a short written message: Drop me a line when you're on vacation.
- a system of public conveyances, as buses or trains, plying regularly over a fixed route: the northbound line at State Street.
- a transportation or conveyance company: a steamship line.
- a course of direction;
route: the line of march down Main Street.
- a course of action, procedure, thought, policy, etc.: That newspaper follows the communist line.
- a piece of pertinent or useful information (usually fol. by on): I've got a line on a good used car.
- a series of generations of persons, animals, or plants descended from a common ancestor: a line of kings.
- a department of activity;
occupation or business: What line are you in?
- a mode of conversation, esp. one that is glib or exaggerated in order to impress or influence another person: He really handed her a line about his rich relatives.
- a straight line drawn from an observed object to the fovea of the eye.
- lines:
- the outer form or proportions of a ship, building, etc.: a ship of fine lines.
- a general form, as of an event or something that is made, which may be the basis of comparison, imitation, etc.: two books written along the same lines.
- a person's lot or portion: to endure the hard lines of poverty.
- [Chiefly Brit.]a certificate of marriage.
- a circle of the terrestrial or celestial sphere: the equinoctial line.
- banner (def. 7).
- a mark made by a pencil, brush, or the like, that defines the contour of a shape, forms hatching, etc.
- the edge of a shape.
- [Television.]one scanning line.
- a telephone connection: Please hold the line.
- a wire circuit connecting two or more pieces of electric apparatus, esp. the wire or wires connecting points or stations in a telegraph or telephone system, or the system itself.
- the line, the equator.
- a stock of commercial goods of the same general class but having a range of styles, sizes, prices, or quality: the company's line of shoes.
- an assembly line.
- a limit defining one estate from another;
the outline or boundary of a piece of real estate.
- [Bridge.]a line on a score sheet that separates points scored toward game(below the line) from points scored by setting a contract, having honors, etc.(above the line).
- [Music.]any of the straight, horizontal, parallel strokes of the staff, or one placed above or below the staff.
- a defensive position or front.
- a series of fortifications: the Maginot line.
- Usually, lines. a distribution of troops, sentries, etc., for the defense of a position or for an attack: behind the enemy's lines.
- the body of personnel constituting the combatant forces of an army, as distinguished from the supply services and staff corps.
- an arrangement of troops of an army or of ships of a fleet as drawn up for battle: line of battle.
- a body or formation of troops or ships drawn up abreast (distinguished from column).
- the class of officers serving with combatant units or warships.
- the regular forces of an army or navy.
- that part of an administrative organization consisting of persons actively engaged on a given project. Cf. staff1 (def. 4).
- a thread, string, cord, rope, or the like.
- a clothesline: the wash hanging on the line.
- a cord, wire, or the like, used for measuring or as a guide.
- [Naut.]
- a pipe or hose: a steam line.
- a rope or cable used at sea.
- a small quantity of cocaine arranged in the form of a slender thread or line, as for sniffing.
- Also, ligne. a unit, &fracnumer;
inch (0.635 millimeter), for measuring the diameter of buttons.
- [Angling.]a length of nylon, silk, linen, cord, or the like, to which are attached the leader, hook, sinker, float, etc.
- [Football.]
- either of the two front rows of opposing players lined up opposite each other on the line of scrimmage: a four-man line.
- See line of scrimmage.
- the betting odds established by bookmakers for events not covered by pari-mutuel betting, esp. sporting events, as football or basketball.
- [Ice Hockey.]the two wings and center who make up a team's offensive unit.
- [Fencing.]any of the four divisions of the portion of a fencer's body on which a touch can be scored, taken as an area of attack or defense.
- the longer and preferred flax or hemp fibers. Cf. tow2 (def. 2).
- [Fox Hunting.]the trail of scent left by a fox.
- a unit of length equivalent to &fracnumer;
inch (2.12 millimeters).
- [Insurance.]
- a class or type of insurance: casualty line.
- the amount of insurance written for a particular risk.
- [Australian Slang.]a girl or woman.
- bring, come, or get into line:
- to become or cause to become straight, as in a row: The members of the marching band got into line.
- to conform or cause to conform or agree: They were persuaded to come into line with the party's policy.
- down the line:
- in all ways;
fully: It's a fine house right down the line—well-built, roomy, attractive.
- in the future.
- draw the line, to impose a restriction;
limit: They might exaggerate but would draw the line at outright lying.
- go up in one's lines, [U.S.]Theat. to forget one's part during a performance. Also,[Brit.,] go up on one's lines.
- hold the line, to maintain the status quo, esp. in order to forestall unfavorable developments: We're trying to hold the line on prices.
- in line:
- in alignment;
- in conformity or agreement.
- in control (of one's conduct): to keep one's temper in line.
- prepared;
- waiting one behind the other in a queue: There were eight people in line at the teller's window.
- in line with, in agreement or conformity with: The action taken was in line with her decision.
- in the line of duty, in the execution of the duties belonging to some occupation, esp. with regard to the responsibility for life and death: a policeman wounded in the line of duty.Also, in line of duty.
- lay it on the line:
- to give money;
- to give the required information;
speak directly or frankly: I'm going to stop being polite and lay it on the line.
- off line:
- occurring or functioning away from an assembly line, work process, etc.
- not in operation;
not functioning.
- on a line, [Baseball.](of a batted or thrown ball) through the air in an approximately straight line from the point of impact or delivery: hit on a line between third and short; thrown in on a line from the center fielder.
- on line:
- on or part of an assembly line: Production will be improved when the new welding equipment is on line.
- in or into operation: The manufacturing facilities will be on line before November.
- [Computers.]actively linked to a computer: The printer is not yet on line.
- [Chiefly New York City.]See line 1 (def. 60e).
- on the line:
- being risked or put in jeopardy;
in a vulnerable position: Our prestige and honor are on the line.
- immediately;
readily: paid cash on the line.
- out of line:
- not in a straight line.
- in disagreement with what is accepted or practiced.
- [Informal.]impertinent;
presumptuous: That last remark was out of line.
- read between the lines, to understand the unexpressed but implied meaning of something said or written: Her letter sounded cheerful enough, but I read a certain sadness between the lines.
- toe the line or mark:
- to conform strictly to a rule, command, etc.
- to shoulder responsibilities;
do one's duty: He tried hard to toe the line on the new job.
- to take a position in a line;
range (often fol. by up): to line up before the start of a parade.
- [Baseball.]
- to hit a line drive.
- to line out.
lin′a•ble, line′a•ble, adj.
- to bring into a line, or into line with others (often fol. by up): to line up troops.
- to mark with a line or lines: to line paper for writing.
- to sketch verbally or in writing;
outline (often fol. by out): We followed the plan he had lined out.
- to arrange a line along: to line a coast with colonies.
- to form a line along: Rocks lined the drive.
- to apply liner to (the eyes).
- to delineate with or as if with lines;
draw: to line the silhouette of a person's head.
- [Archaic.]to measure or test with a line.
- line out:
- [Baseball.]to be put out by hitting a line drive caught on the fly by a player of the opposing team.
- to execute or perform: He lined out a few songs upon request.
- line up, to secure;
make available: to line up support; to line up a speaker for the banquet.
line′less, adj.
line′like′, adj.
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Earlier this year, we asked D&DH readers to share their favorite recipes with their deer hunting brethren and partnered with Mathews Inc. the worlds largest bow manufacturer to offer these outdoor chefs a chance to win Mathews' latest bow.
That compilation of favorite grilling recipes from D&DH readers as well as the Mathews Pro Staff is now available. Check it out HERE.
And, as promised, we are proud to announce the winner of the drawing is Dennis Russell, Sr. Dennis will take home the most cutting edge bow ever devised for deer hunters before it's even available to the general public! Congratulations Dennis!
For more about Mathews' new Heli-M visit check it out this video from www.mathewsinc.com.
And for those of you who are wondering, here's Russel's favorite venison recipe straight from the pages of We Kill It We Grill It.


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The Secrets Of Field Sobriety Tests
Have you been drinking tonight, sir? Oh. Crap. If you're in a car, that's not a question you want to hear from a man in uniform. And if the answer is yes, you're in for the worst pop quiz of your life: the field sobriety test.


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|1,022 sq. ft.
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|1 - 5 nights
This is how we would describe our apartment in a few words:
Inside: Outside:
Our apartment 29 Boulevard Tower 2 - 2407 is located in the central and beautiful Downtown area.
The property is situated on the 24th floor (for US guests +1).
It's a great place to discover Dubai and a comfortable place to come home to.
- lowest price guarantee
- secure payment, no hidden costs
- amend, cancel and rebook with no extra fees
Check more specific info about our apartment below the page.
Questions or doubts? Please feel free to contact us.
The prices are an indication and can be a bit lower or higher because of discounts and seasonal adjustments.
*Plus compulsory or optional charges based on actual occupancy or consumption. The payment has to be made in the currency offered by the property manager, before use of conversion tool. Payments in other currencies have to be negotiated beforehand with the property manager. The currency conversion tool is provided for your convenience only and is non-binding.


text:
Get your own world in the iPhone! It's a combination of Tamagotchi and God game. Creatures are really alive in the virtual world and always need your help. Take care of your creatures and protect them from lions and monsters.
[ How to Play ]
- Fruit and grass grows in the wet ground.
- Make it rain when the ground is dry.
- Sheeps eat grass.
- Lions eat sheeps and creatures.
- Creatures gather fruit and hunt sheeps.
- Monsters sometimes appear and attack everything.
- Shake your phone to make an earthquake.
- Earn gold from the tree and a chicken.