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- Rotational spinning process (2)
- Slender body theory (2)
- Asymptotic Expansion (1)
- Asymptotic expansions (1)
- Boundary Value Problem (1)
- Cosserat rod (1)
- Curved viscous fibers (1)
- Dynamical Coupling (1)
- Existence of Solutions (1)
Fachbereich / Organisatorische Einheit
- Fraunhofer (ITWM) (15)
- Fachbereich Mathematik (4)
The optimal design of rotational production processes for glass wool manufacturing poses severe computational challenges to mathematicians, natural scientists and engineers. In this paper we focus exclusively on the spinning regime where thousands of viscous thermal glass jets are formed by fast air streams. Homogeneity and slenderness of the spun fibers are the quality features of the final fabric. Their prediction requires the computation of the fuidber-interactions which involves the solving of a complex three-dimensional multiphase problem with appropriate interface conditions. But this is practically impossible due to the needed high resolution and adaptive grid refinement. Therefore, we propose an asymptotic coupling concept. Treating the glass jets as viscous thermal Cosserat rods, we tackle the multiscale problem by help of momentum (drag) and heat exchange models that are derived on basis of slender-body theory and homogenization. A weak iterative coupling algorithm that is based on the combination of commercial software and self-implemented code for ow and rod solvers, respectively, makes then the simulation of the industrial process possible. For the boundary value problem of the rod we particularly suggest an adapted collocation-continuation method. Consequently, this work establishes a promising basis for future optimization strategies.
In this paper a three dimensional stochastic model for the lay-down of fibers on a moving conveyor belt in the production process of nonwoven materials is derived. The model is based on stochastic diferential equations describing the resulting position of the fiber on the belt under the influence of turbulent air ows. The model presented here is an extension of an existing surrogate model, see [6, 3].
This work deals with the modeling and simulation of slender viscous jets exposed to gravity and rotation, as they occur in rotational spinning processes. In terms of slender-body theory we show the asymptotic reduction of a viscous Cosserat rod to a string system for vanishing slenderness parameter. We propose two string models, i.e. inertial and viscous-inertial string models, that differ in the closure conditions and hence yield a boundary value problem and an interface problem, respectively. We investigate the existence regimes of the string models in the four-parametric space of Froude, Rossby, Reynolds numbers and jet length. The convergence regimes where the respective string solution is the asymptotic limit to the rod turn out to be disjoint and to cover nearly the whole parameter space. We explore the transition hyperplane and derive analytically low and high Reynolds number limits. Numerical studies of the stationary jet behavior for different parameter ranges complete the work.
In this work we establish a hierarchy of mathematical models for the numerical simulation of the production process of technical textiles. The models range from highly complex three-dimensional fluid-solid interactions to one-dimensional fiber dynamics with stochastic aerodynamic drag and further to efficiently handable stochastic surrogate models for fiber lay-down. They are theoretically and numerically analyzed and coupled via asymptotic analysis, similarity estimates and parameter identification. Themodel hierarchy is applicable to a wide range of industrially relevant production processes and enables the optimization, control and design of technical textiles.
Numerical analysis of Cosserat rod and string models for viscous jets in rotational spinning processes (2009)
The rotational spinning of viscous jets is of interest in many industrial applications, including pellet manufacturing [4, 14, 19, 20] and drawing, tapering and spinning of glass and polymer fibers [8, 12, 13], see also [15, 21] and references within. In [12] an asymptotic model for the dynamics of curved viscous inertial fiber jets emerging from a rotating orifice under surface tension and gravity was deduced from the three-dimensional free boundary value problem given by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for a Newtonian fluid. In the terminology of [1], it is a string model consisting of balance equations for mass and linear momentum. Accounting for inner viscous transport, surface tension and placing no restrictions on either the motion or the shape of the jet's center-line, it generalizes the previously developed string models for straight [3, 5, 6] and curved center-lines [4, 13, 19]. Moreover, the numerical results investigating the effects of viscosity, surface tension, gravity and rotation on the jet behavior coincide well with the experiments of Wong et.al. [20].
The understanding of the motion of long slender elastic fibers in turbulent flows is of great interest to research, development and production in technical textiles manufacturing. The fiber dynamics depend on the drag forces that are imposed on the fiber by the fluid. Their computation requires in principle a coupling of fiber and flow with no-slip interface conditions. However, theneeded high resolution and adaptive grid refinement make the direct numerical simulation of the three-dimensional fluid-solid-problem for slender fibers and turbulent flows not only extremely costly and complex, but also still impossible for practically relevant applications. Embedded in a slender body theory, an aerodynamic force concept for a general drag model was therefore derived on basis of a stochastic k-o; description for a turbulent flow field in [23]. The turbulence effects on the fiber dynamics were modeled by a correlated random Gaussian force and its asymptotic limit on a macroscopic fiber scale by Gaussian white noise with flow-dependent amplitude. The concept was numerically studied under the conditions of a melt-spinning process for nonwoven materials in [24] – for the specific choice of a non-linear Taylor drag model. Taylor [35] suggested the heuristic model for high Reynolds number flows, Re in [20, 3 · 105], around inclined slender objects under an angle of attack of alpha in (pi/36, pi/2] between flow and object tangent. Since the Reynolds number is considered with respect to the relative velocity between flow and fiber, the numerical results lackaccuracy evidently for small Re that occur in cases of flexible light fibers moving occasionally with the flow velocity. In such a regime (Re << 1), linear Stokes drag forces were successfully applied for the prediction of small particles immersed in turbulent flows, see e.g. [25, 26, 32, 39], a modifiedStokes force taking also into account the particle oscillations was presented in [14]. The linear drag relation was also conferred to longer filaments by imposing free-draining assumptions [29, 8]. Apart from this, the Taylor drag suffers from its non-applicability to tangential incident flow situations (alpha = 0) that often occur in fiber and nonwoven production processes.
In this paper we extend the slender body theory for the dynamics of a curved inertial viscous Newtonian fiber [23] by the inclusion of surface tension in the systematic asymptotic framework and the deduction of boundary conditions for the free fiber end, as it occurs in rotational spinning processes of glass fibers. The fiber ow is described by a three-dimensional free boundary value problem in terms of instationary incompressible Navier-Stokes equations under the neglect of temperature dependence. From standard regular expansion techniques in powers of the slenderness parameter we derive asymptotically leading-order balance laws for mass and momentum combining the inner viscous transport with unrestricted motion and shape of the fiber center-line which becomes important in the practical application. For the numerical investigation of the effects due to surface tension, viscosity, gravity and rotation on the fiber behavior we apply a fnite volume method with implicit flux discretization.
Numerical evidance for the non-existing of solutions of the equations desribing rotational fiber spinning (2007)
Abstract. The stationary, isothermal rotational spinning process of fibers is considered. The investigations are concerned with the case of large Reynolds (± = 3/Re ¿ 1) and small Rossby numbers (\\\" ¿ 1). Modelling the fibers as a Newtonian fluid and applying slender body approximations, the process is described by a two–point boundary value problem of ODEs. The involved quantities are the coordinates of the fiber's centerline, the fluid velocity and viscous stress. The inviscid case ± = 0 is discussed as a reference case. For the viscous case ± > 0 numerical simulations are carried out. Transfering some properties of the inviscid limit to the viscous case, analytical bounds for the initial viscous stress of the fiber are obtained. A good agreement with the numerical results is found. These bounds give strong evidence, that for ± > 3\\\"2 no physical relevant solution can exist. A possible interpretation of the above coupling of ± and \\\" related to the die–swell phenomenon is given.
In this paper, a stochastic model [5] for the turbulent fiber laydown in the industrial production of nonwoven materials is extended by including a moving conveyor belt. In the hydrodynamic limit corresponding to large noise values, the transient and stationary joint probability distributions are determined using the method of multiple scales and the Chapman-Enskog method. Moreover, exponential convergence towards the stationary solution is proven for the reduced problem. For special choices of the industrial parameters, the stochastic limit process is an Ornstein{Uhlenbeck. It is a good approximation of the fiber motion even for moderate noise values. Moreover, as shown by Monte{Carlo simulations, the limiting process can be used to assess the quality of nonwoven materials in the industrial application by determining distributions of functionals of the process.


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DEEP warns of black bears
The state Department of Energy and Environmental Protection on Friday reminded residents to take steps to reduce contact and conflicts with black bears as they emerge from winter hibernation looking for food.
The reminder is especially important now as the state's bear population continues to grow.
As bears come out from their winter dens, natural food sources may be scarce and, as a result, bears can be attracted to human-provided foods found near homes, DEEP said in a news release.
"If you genuinely care about bears, you should not feed them — either intentionally or accidentally," said Susan Whalen, DEEP Deputy Commissioner. "Most bears, when attracted close to homes by easily-accessible food sources, will become habituated and lose their fear of humans. This is when they become a problem."
Residents are reminded to never feed bears; remove bird feeders until fall and clean up spilled seed; store garbage in secure, airtight containers inside a garage or storage area; avoid leaving pet food outdoors at night; keep barbecue grills clean and store inside a garage or shed; not place meat scraps or sweet foods in compost piles; protect beehives, livestock and berry bushes with electric fencing; and keep dogs on a leash when walking and hiking.
If you encounter a bear while hiking, make your presence known by yelling or making other loud noises. If a bear does not retreat, slowly leave the area and find an alternate hiking route. While camping, keep a clean campsite, and make sure food and garbage are secured and never have food in your tent.
In the rare instance when a bear appears to be aggressive toward people, contact the DEEP Wildlife Division's Sessions Woods office at (860) 675-8130 or (860) 424-3333. Anyone who observes a black bear in Connecticut is encouraged to report the sighting at: www.ct.gov/deep/wildlife or to call the Wildlife Division's Sessions Woods office. For more information about black bears, visit www.ct.gov/deep/blackbear.

subset: commoncrawl


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Probably. But I wonder what is getting the best of him. I hope it's his wife & daughter, so I will respect him so much. I didn't see the whole preview, though.
IN ONE OF THE MOST EXPLOSIVE TRIBAL COUNCILS EVER, SECRETS AND STRATEGIES ARE REVEALED AS TEMPERS FLARE, AND A HEATED ARGUMENT THREATENS TO TEAR THE WHOLE TRIBE APART, ON "SURVIVOR: HEROES VS. VILLAINS," THURSDAY, FEB. 18"It's Getting the Best of Me" - Backstabbing and dissention run rampant in one tribe as a castaway reveals that old grudges die hard and makes a move to put a former ally on the chopping block. Meanwhile, one Villain pushes so hard to provide for the tribe that he passes out cold, on SURVIVOR: HEROES VS. VILLAINS, Thursday, Feb. 18 (8:00-9:00 PM, ET/PT) on the CBS Television Network.
Goodness, this doesn't sound good. Well old grudges, here are the former players that played together & on same tribe:Amanda/Cirie/JamesSteph/TomRob/JerriTyson/CoachWho's it gonna be?
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Meet Jenny Bovey - Chatham, Cape Cod Artist and full time professional dead fish Rubber who practices the ancient Japanese art of Gyotaku (Gyo-fish, Taku-rubbing) on clothing, textiles and handcrafted papers.
Jenny uses real fish, crustaceans, mollusks, shellfish, and plant life by brushing them with color, then pressing and rubbing them onto fabrics and papers by hand. The result is a one-of-a-kind print. All original rubbings are completely washable and come with explanatory tags including a copy of the ancient Japanese folklore. Clothing, accesssories, wall prints, and other home furnishings are available.
For over 20 years "The Fish Rubbing Store" has featured only handmade original works which no doubt accounts for the fact it is a full time job. Julie is the star store manager.
One Store - One Artist - One of a kind Original Rubbings.


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JUNEAU, Alaska (AP) - If only all unwelcome bar guests were this obliging.
A black bear walked into the bar at the Alaskan Hotel in downtown Juneau on Monday night.
Bartender Ariel Svetlik-McCarthy says she freaked out and yelled, "No bear! Get out! No! You can't be in here!"
The bear complied, leaving the bar within seconds.
State biologist Ryan Scott says it's rare for black bears to go inside Juneau businesses, but they have wandered inside homes before.
He tells KTOO that the staff did a great job, and it was good news the bear left.
State wildlife officials have killed two nuisance bears in Juneau this summer.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
Bear obeys bartender's command to leave
JUNEAU, Alaska (AP) - If only all unwelcome bar guests were this obliging.


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Sir Alex Ferguson's legacy at Manchester United cannot be denied in the annuals of history.
As important as he was to the club's fortunes and success, he admits himself that he owes it to the players that have helped him get there. Here we assess the very best players Ferguson has brought to Old Trafford in a traditional 4-4-2 formation.
Goalkeeper (Peter Schemichel)
There is a case to be made that Peter Schmeichel is not just the best goalkeeper for Manchester United – but also ever. 6'4" and as broad as he was tall, the Great Dane commanded respect from his teammates and instilled fear into opposition players.
Moreover, Schmeichel made crucial saves at crucial moments during matches, league campaigns and cup runs to ensure that United marched relentlessly onto victory.
His greatest moment could well have been his stop from Dennis Bergkamp's penalty in the FA Cup semi-final Replay at Villa Park in '99 that allowed Ryan Giggs to soon afterwards claim a winner with THAT goal.
Right-back (Gary Neville)
Gary Neville was too short, not strong enough, and lacked sufficient technique to ever become a world-class right back. But he did. His sheer determination and willingness to devote himself to the cause of Manchester United endeared him to the Old Trafford faithful, even as and especially due to the way it enraged opposing sets of fans all the way up and down the country.
The older Neville deserves his spot in this XI, however, due to his application and professionalism that would eventually see the boy least likely captain his boyhood club.
Centre-back (Jaap Stam)
Jaap Stam gets into this team despite his three short seasons at Manchester United. The massive Dutchman had it all; he was physically imposing and would usually win physical duels with the largest of centre forwards, be they Alan Shearer or Duncan Ferguson, but he was also fantastically quick and was rarely caught out by opposition strikers on the incredibly demanding European stage.
Stam eventually left after falling out with Alex Ferguson due to comments made in his autobiography concerning the nature of his transfer from PSV Eindhoven, and it's telling that United leaked goals aplenty after his departure in 2001.
Centre-back (Rio Ferdinand)
Rio Ferdinand is the very definition of the modern sweeper. Strong, quick, clever, and possessing an unparalleled ability to construct from defence – and often under pressure – his seemingly lackadaisical attitude has sometimes been criticised as he has made unnecessary errors at the back.
In truth, however, these errors were largely eliminated from his game once the precocious talent matured into the world class central defender we all knew he would become. In short, the greatest English defender of an entire generation.
Left-back (Denis Irwin)
Denis Irwin was bought from Oldham Athletic in 1990 for a mere and went on to become the model of consistency for Sir Alex Ferguson for over a decade.
In addition to understanding his role in the team and never wavering in his duty to it, the quiet Irishman also possessed a remarkable right foot that was used at set pieces.
It's worth remembering that, in a team that starred Ryan Giggs, Eric Cantona, Mark Hughes, and Paul Ince, it was Irwin who was the regular free-kick taker and – during Cantona's ban in 1995 – the duty of penalty kicks was calmly assumed by this professional's professional.
Right wing (Cristiano Ronaldo)
Cristiano Ronaldo just about pips David Beckham for this role in Ferguson's Best Ever XI at Manchester United, but it could have gone either way for two very similar characters in the world game.
Both were marked for greatness at a young age, Ronaldo commanding a huge fee for a teenager when he moved from Sporting Lisbon to Old Trafford in the summer of 2003, while Beckham famously won a Bobby Charlton Soccer School competition as an eight-year-old.
The two have also cultivated worldwide fame through their exploits both on and off the pitch, which was only ever possible due to a demonic obsession with the perfection of their footballing art – most notably, their deadly proficiency with free kicks.
But Ronaldo wins the jersey here due to his winning an award that Beckham had long quested but never managed, and remains the only Manchester United player to have ever received the FIFA World Player of the Year Award.
Defensive-midfield (Roy Keane)
Only Roy Keane could possibly be considered for his role. The on-field extension of his manager's relentless will to victory, Keane set about domineering his teammates and opponents alike in the quest for footballing glory. Like Neville, Keane was not a natural talent as a youth, but he developed into one of the world's greatest players as a result of continual sacrifice to his profession.
His defining moment came in the European Cup semi-final away leg at Juventus' Stadio delle Alpi when, despite having picked up a booking that would mean he would miss the showpiece final against Bayern Munich, he selflessly ran himself into the ground to ensure his teammates, manager, and club would progress passed the canny Italians.
Without question, Alex Ferguson's greatest ever captain, despite the fact that he never got to touch the glory he so strove for due to United not making the European Cup Final again during his time with the club.
Central-midfield (Paul Scholes)
Paul Scholes, he scores goals. And what beauties they were, too. The footballing reincarnation of Bobby Charlton, the shy red-headed boy from Oldham who refused the limelight was arguably the best of all the Fergie Fledglings.
Initially beginning his career as a withdrawn striker, Scholes was converted by Ferguson into the best English central midfielder since Gascoigne. His impact for his club has been immense.
Who could forget the all-important winner he scored against Barcelona in the 2007/08 semi final home tie to allow United into the Final in Moscow, or the screamers he scored against the likes of Aston Villa or Bradford, both away?
Ultimately, his influence on the game is immeasurable, with the likes of Barcelona's Xavi saying that he modelled his game on the Ginger Prince.
Left-wing (Ryan Giggs)
It's really very simple: Ryan Giggs. Enough said.
Centre-forward (Eric Cantona)
What is there left to say about the enigma that was Eric Cantona. who proved the final piece in the juggernaut that would become Manchester United, and almost sixteen years after his sudden departure from his adoring public?
Perhaps only this, which – if you'll allow me – leaves behind the realm of football and touches on the metaphysical: Cantona was no ordinary player, and it is not far wrong that he has been called 'King Cantona', or even a god, 'Le Dieu'. For never before or since has a football story come to mirror and parallel so perfectly the myths of antiquity surrounding the archetype of The Stranger; a brooding, potentially malevolent figure who mysteriously arrives in your town from a faraway place, and who then proceeds to do the most incredible and wonderful things beyond our previous imagining, and then – before anyone can thank them, or even ask them why – they disappear into the ether from whence he came.
Cantona transformed Manchester United from also-rans to global phenomena, and it was due as much to his persona as it was to his exceptional footballing qualities. Never to be repeated, his name is still sung from the terraces at Old Trafford who understand that this was Ferguson's most important signing in his 26-and-a-half-years at the club.
Striker (Ruud Van Nistelrooy)
Ruud van Nistelrooy is not so much a player as he was a goal-machine. Reaching 100 goals for United in 120 games, he was the most potent and natural goalscorer at Old Trafford since Denis Law.
Not possessing the all-round game of a Mark Hughes or the ability and willingness to contribute of a Wayne Rooney, Van Nistelrooy instead preferred to dwell in the forgotten recesses of the opposition's penalty box, conjuring goals out of nothing with all the alacrity of master of the dark arts of the striker.
A falling out with Ronaldo allegedly precipitated his move to Real Madrid, Ferguson deeming him a divisive figure in his dressing room, but even at the £19m paid in 2001, he seems Ferguson's best ever buy for the Number 9 role (despite wearing 10).
Disagree with any of the selections? Why not give your thoughts in the comment section below.
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Before New Year's, I had a great visit to Florida visiting my dad and sister, who are about an hour away from Orlando in Winter Haven.
Per tradition, we visited the holiday lights at Cypress Gardens (the first ever amusement park in Florida, which is famous for it's water ski shows!) They had performers through out the park until 10 pm at night!
We also visited Bok Sanctuary which is the highest point in the peninsula of Florida. Bok holds great concerts during the year and has the Pinewood Mansion which is fully decorated for the holiday season. Take a look at the photo of poinsettias at Bok!
As it's hard to avoid shopping in December, I also helped my sister purchase a new laptop -- she got the coolest Red Sony Vaio!!


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Gates joins PC as 'person' of year
Bonage à trois
Twenty-three years after the PC, the device responsible for much of his personal fortune, was named Time Magazine's "person of the year," Bill Gates has been honored in kind.
Gates, his wife Melinda and Irish rocker Bono have been jointly named "persons" of the year by Time Magazine. Gates has not been honored for his work in software and contributions to the world of personal computers, though. Oh no.
Gates and Melinda were instead honored for their philanthropic works via the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation - the world's largest foundation, valued at $29bn, which spends almost the same each year as the World Health Organization (WHO).
Former US president Jimmy Cart describes the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as "the most important organization in the world," according to Time.
Time's annual honor is bestowed on an individual or group of individuals who have had the biggest impact on the year's news. Previous honorees include Albert Einstein, Rudolph Giuliani, George W Bush and - bizarrely - Adolph Hitler and Joseph Stalin.
In 1982, Time departed from its convention of naming humans and honored the then newfangled PC as its machine of the year. Time had been looking to tap Apple Chief Steve Jobs as "person of the year," but the reporter doing the piece decided this would be impossible after hearing so many horror stories about Jobs, according to Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak. So, the magazine gave the nod to the box instead.
The PC went on to pump up the value of both the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Microsoft.
Apparently oblivious to the reluctance of his company to offer affordable copies of Windows in the kinds of developing countries targeted by his foundation, Time editor at large Nancy Gibbs reportedly said Gates was honored for "being shrewd about doing good, for rewiring politics and re-engineering justice and then daring the rest of the world to follow."®


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ATHENS, Ga. (AP) — The owner of a Georgia restaurant that inspired the name of rock band R.E.M.'s "Automatic for the People" album says he might have to close unless business picks up.
Dexter Weaver tells The Athens Banner-Herald (http://bit.ly/PHYVGK) that a utility employee showed up Friday to cut off the gas to his Athens restaurant. Weaver says he paid what he could and the restaurant remains open, and he's now pleading with people to help support Weaver D's Delicious Fine Foods.
Weaver has been running the soul food restaurant for more than 25 years.
R.E.M., which began its rise to fame in Athens, adopted Weaver's "Automatic for the People" motto for its 1992 album. The restaurant still features R.E.M. pictures on its walls and draws fans of the band.


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* This week, a parting gift from Tak Murakami, a Chicago illustrator and fan of Today's Inspiration who passed away recently. Thanks to Tak's friend Jason Millet for doing the scanning of these Noel Sickles tear sheets from Tak's reference files. If you'd like to see some of Tak Murakami's own work, Jason put together a very nice tribute to Tak on my other blog, Storyboard Central.
Celebrating illustration, design, cartoon and comic art of the mid-20th century.
Tuesday, September 13, 2011
Noel Sickles Scans: A Parting Gift from Tak Murakami
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Sorry Now?
What do the liberal and moderate lawyers who supported John Roberts' nomination say today?
This term, Chief Justice John Roberts fully agreed with Justice Samuel Alito in 92 percent of the nonunanimous Supreme Court cases in which he voted. His rate of total agreement was 89 percent with Justice Antonin Scalia and 85 percent with Justice Clarence Thomas. (The stats are courtesy of the good folks at SCOTUSblog; here are some more.) Any hope liberals and moderates had that the Roberts Court would be modest in its ambition were dashed this week with the parade of 5-4 decisions (conservatives win, liberal-moderates lose). Roberts wrote today's decision to scrap two school-district plans that took race into account in sorting students among different public schools. Earlier this week, he wrote opinions that cut back on students' free-speech rights and gutted key provisions of McCain-Feingold campaign-finance reform. He has also been part of the five-justice majority that upheld the federal "partial-birth" abortion law, told Keith Bowles that he could not bring a habeas claim to appeal his 15-year-to-life sentence, because he'd filed three days late—based on the say-so of a federal judge—and precluded Lilly Ledbetter from suing for discrimination because she waited too long to bring suit, never mind that her low pay was ongoing.
All of which is to say that John Roberts is proving to be an extremely conservative chief justice. Which is what President Bush promised his supporters and what Roberts' lower-court record signaled—see in particular the Guantanamo case Hamdan v. Rumsfeld. Roberts may not go in for rhetorical swashbuckling, but he gets the job for the right done. As Adam Cohen put it in the Times last year, Roberts' votes are the product of his "predictable arch-conservatism."
And yet some liberal and moderate lawyers and academics didn't predict this at all. These members of the legal literati urged Roberts' nomination, promising that he would be a model of restraint and principle and modesty. Why did they think that then? And how do their arguments on his behalf look now?
One major reason for Roberts' support, especially among the Supreme Court bar, is his skill at relationships. The liberal Washington lawyers who went out of their way to stick up for Roberts were the ones who knew him. (Alito wasn't part of this D.C. world; he also got a lot less love.) As a Supreme Court advocate, Roberts helped Douglas Kendall, executive director of D.C.'s public-interest Community Rights Counsel, represent a client who was trying to limit development around Lake Tahoe. Roberts was doing what lawyers do—making the best arguments he could to win the case.
But Kendall saw more than that. "Roberts' combination of intellect, skill, and open-mindedness should temper, at least somewhat, anxiety about his nomination," he wrote in a Washington Post op-ed, "What Makes Roberts Different," shortly after the nomination. Georgetown law professor Richard Lazarus roomed with Roberts in law school, so it was natural enough that he'd speak up for his old friend's character. But Lazarus went further. "John is conservative in his political beliefs," Lazarus told CBS in the days leading up to the confirmation hearings. "He is somebody, though, who has not defined his life driven by his politics or driven by his ideology."
George Washington law professor Jeffrey Rosen knew Roberts too, from an interview he'd conducted in 2002. Before the confirmation hearings, he called "the claim that Roberts would move the Court to the right as chief justice … transparently unconvincing." Rosen even ventured that because Roberts "may turn out to be more concerned about judicial stability and humility" than Rehnquist or then-Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, "he might even move the Court to the left." Rosen has since changed his mind about where the court is going in the Roberts-Alito era: In Time next week, he states the obvious about the past term, "[T]he center of the court has shifted several degrees to the right." In this essay, he chooses not to address his previous position that this would never happen.
In Rosen's initial prediction, you can see another reason for Roberts' appeal with moderate academics: Supporting him was a way to signal that you thought the debate about who should be on the court ought to be about judicial temperament rather than ideology and vote counting. Roberts wouldn't twist precedent, professors like Cass Sunstein of the University of Chicago wagered. He'd carry the torch of judicial modesty: Judges shouldn't reach beyond the facts of a case to settle big questions, they should hesitate to strike down laws passed by Congress, they should know their place as the least-dangerous branch. Praising Roberts for his lack of "bravado and ambition," Sunstein wrote in the Wall Street Journal pre-confirmation, "Opposition to the apparently cautious Judge Roberts seems especially odd at this stage."
So, what do they say now? When I e-mailed them yesterday to ask how they felt about their past support for Roberts, Rosen and Lazarus politely declined to say. (Lazarus is worried about being boiled down to short and misleading quotes; Rosen says he's planning to write about this himself.) I haven't heard back from Kendall. (Update: Here's his response, and mine to him.) Sunstein offered this, "I'm surprised that Roberts has shown no unpredictability at all; in the big cases, he's been so consistent in his conservatism. I thought that he was too careful a lawyer to be so predictable!" His point, which he expands on here, is that because minimalists take each case as it comes and attend closely to precedent, they sometimes reach conclusions that you wouldn't expect from them. Roberts has done none of that. Take the abortion case: The court in 2000 struck down a state statute banning a form of late-term abortion. The logical next step was to strike down the federal ban. Instead, the opinion Roberts joined unconvincingly sidestepped the earlier decision and upheld the new law.
In the end, Roberts' approach isn't leading him to vote differently than Thomas and Scalia, the justices with the "ideologically driven" reputations. Yes, he disagrees with them about whether to heave over precedent rather than dance around it—and he has felt the Wrath of Scalia as a result. But as Walter Dellinger and Dahlia Lithwick have so expertly explored in Slate this week, there's nothing principled or restrained about overruling cases "while pretending you are not." The reassurances to the left about Roberts' virtues look pretty empty this week. And just wait until Roberts becomes a court veteran. The longer he's there, the less relevant keeping or chucking past decisions will be, and the more he'll build, from case to case, on the opinions he has written himself.
In those preconfirmation days in 2005, there was one more argument for broad support for Roberts and Alito. Benjamin Wittes, a member of the Washington Post editorial board when it backed both of Bush's picks, reminded me of it in an e-mail this morning. He has no regrets about his support for Roberts, because he expected to disagree with him on key votes and thought he should be confirmed nonetheless. "Presidents have a legitimate right to move the courts and the principal check on this power is not the confirmation process but, rather, a certain ideological diversity of presidents over time," he writes. You can't argue over the president's power. But you can ask whether smart and influential people who disagree with a president's plans for the court need help him along. It's a good question, anyway, for the next time around.


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ShellShock: Nam '67 focuses on one man's experience of the most controversial war of modern times. You take on the role of a rookie soldier on his first tour of duty as he experiences the fear, chaos and atrocities of the Vietnam War. You must fight your way through a variety of missions ranging from large scale battlefield encounters with the North Vietnamese Army to stealth-based missions such as assassinating a VC General. As you progress from a 'grunt' to Special Forces carrying out classified missions, you have to rely on the same skills and tactics employed in the battlefields of Vietnam in order to survive. The game takes you from the lush wetlands of the South to the mountain borders of the North featuring diverse locations including dense jungles, rural Vietnamese villages and claustrophobic tunnel systems.
Sequel to Eidos' gritty action game ShellShock Nam'67 in the works. Read More »
This third-person Vietnam-based shooter is harsh and rude, but it takes more than that to make a great game. Read More »
American kids, alone in the jungle, and surrounded by hostile Vietnamese forces. Such was the harsh reality of the Vietnam war. Maybe it shouldn't have happened in the first place, but when you're out there in the jungle fighting for survival, such abstract ideas fade away in favor of more practical thoughts. Thoughts like how to best use your weapons to get out in one piece. Today, we've gathered up profiles for the weapons used by American forces in Vietnam. It won't be easy to survive, but learning your weapons will at least tip the odds a bit in your favor. Read More »
Eidos' graphic depiction of the Vietnam war fights its way onto store shelves. Read More »
Previousdly delayed, Eidos finally announces ShellShock: Nam'67 as gold! Read More »
Also known as: ShellShock: Vietnam 1967, Shell Shock: Nam '67
Release Region: United States
Release Date: September 14, 2004
Publisher: Eidos Interactive
Release Region: United Kingdom
Release Date: September 3, 2004
Publisher: Eidos Interactive
Release Region: Japan
Release Date: September 14, 2004
Publisher: Eidos Interactive
Release Region: Australia
Release Date: October 31, 2006
Publisher: Eidos Interactive
Also available on: Xbox, PlayStation 2
ShellShock: Nam '67 at IGN
ShellShock: Nam '67 Cheats at IGN
ShellShock: Nam '67 at GameSpy
ShellShock: Nam '67 at GameStats


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Welcome to the JavaPOS Revised web site. Developed by a joint effort of leading retailers, hardware companies and software companies, the JavaPOS specification was the first technical standard to be endorsed by the National Retail Federation. It includes hardware vendors: Sun Microsystems, IBM, NCR, Epson, Fujitsu, Ultimate Technology, Star and Wincor Nixdorf; retailers: Home Depot, JC Penney, Kmart and Sears; and software companies: PCMS Datafit, RCS, Triversity, BearingPoint, 360Commerce, and many others.
The NRF and its members, including the companies that display logos here, are embracing JavaPOS as a standard because this platform-independent technology can help ensure that point-of-sale environments-from existing POS terminals to emerging platforms including portable devices, the Web and smart cards-can communicate and share applications. Because Java applications can run on a wide variety of systems and devices-from telephony to POS to retail enterprise host systems-this technology holds great promise for the retail industry as it moves into its new generation of fully open solutions.
History Documentation What's New
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This site last updated: 10/30/2013. For the latest information check out What's New.
For questions or problems concerning the operation of this site please contact the webmaster.


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Does God belong at the Super Bowl?
Between the ads and some exciting football, I completely missed the religious undertones of the Super Bowl last night. On the "On Faith" blog, Kathy Orton complains that athletes hawking Jesus is no different than what they do with shoes:
"But [Arizona Cardinals quarterback Kurt] Warner is using his platform to sell Christianity to the millions of people watching him. If he said the shoes he wears made him the quarterback he is, would the writers be so eager to give the manufacturer of those shoes the same free advertising they are giving God?"
I think it's good to be skeptical of invoking the name of God in sports, but I'd much rather hear someone credit their abilities to God than a pair of shoes.
Orton's question of whether the media should lap up athlete's God talk as readily as they do is a good one though. In my opinion, journalists ought to question athletes when they credit God for their success and wins. Instead of a token quote about God, I'd rather see how athletes are living out their faith. Check out Catholic Athletes for Christ for some athletes who try to live out their faith on and off the field. Also, Warner has a foundation based on his Christian values.
But athletes are merely human (and young/dumb, as we saw this weekend with the Michael Phelps debacle). We already make them into role models as well as entertainers. Should we be looking to athletes to lead us in faith, too?
(The picture is from the Catholic Shopper, part of their collection of inspirational sports statues. Jesus plays football, runs, dances, heals the sick, and golfs!)


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Tributes for Sept. 11
September 14, 2013
Margaret "Peggy" Griffith
Sept. 5, 1930-Sept. 8, 2013
Age: 83
Residence: Greeley, formerly of Eaton
Margaret "Peggy" Doubenmier Griffith, 83, of Greeley, died on Sept. 8, 2013. A lifelong resident of Greeley and Eaton, she was born Sept. 5, 1930, to Jules and Obera (Petit) Doubenmier, graduated from College High School and attended the University of Denver.
In 1950, she married Tom W. Griffith, and they celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary before his death in 2011.
A born leader, Peggy led an active life in both work and retirement. She worked for the Jones Clothing Store as a manager and store buyer and valued employee for many years. When Tom was named to the national staff of the National Rural Mail Carriers Association, they moved to Washington, D.C., and during those eight years she worked for the Crystal City Marriott Hotel Plaza.
Peggy was interested in genealogy, and was a member and officer of the local and regional chapters of Daughters of the American Revolution and Colonial Dames XVII Century. She returned to Washington as a delegate to the 99th national DAR Continental Congress in 1990. Her lifelong community service included volunteering in her church, Eaton United Methodist, where she was a member for 60 years, as well as most recently with the First Congregational Church of Greeley, Women's Panhellenic, and active membership in PEO. She was a past president of Friends of UNC Libraries, a receptionist at the Union Colony Civic Center, a volunteer at North Colorado Medical Center, and a regular tutor at Scott and McAuliffe elementary schools, for over 20 years. In recognition of her tireless community service, she was the 2005 honoree of the Greeley/Weld Senior Foundation.
Peggy pursued her interest in quilting and needlework industriously, even following a stroke, creating numerous treasured pieces for members of her immediate and extended family. She enjoyed collecting crystal, music boxes, teddy bear figurines, and memorabilia from the many trips she and Tom took all over the world.
She was weary of reading obituaries, noting someone's battle with death. She wanted it known she died as a result of having "way too much fun." "Life is not a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving safely in one pretty package but, to skid across the line broadside, a Fat Tire in one hand, gin and tonic in the other!"
Peggy is survived by her daughter, Cathy Staton (Jerry) of Sac City, Iowa; her son, Michael (Karla) Griffith of Evergreen; her grandchildren, Heather Richards of Davenport, Iowa, Jason Griffith of Chicago, and Alexandria Griffith of Denver; her sister, Judy McCormick, of Dayton, Ohio; and by many friends.
Services will be held at 11 a.m. Friday at the First Congregational Church of Greeley, with private interment at Sunset Memorial Gardens.
Memorial contributions may be made First Congregational Church of Greeley, in care of Allnutt Funeral Service, 702 13th St., Greeley, CO, 80631. Friends may view the online obituary and send condolences at http://www.allnutt.com.
Edward "Ed" Krafft
April 12, 1921-Aug. 31, 2013
Age: 92
Residence: Eaton, Colo.
Edward Krafft of Eaton died Aug. 31, 2013, at the in-patient unit of the Hospice of Northern Colorado. He was 92 when he was taken to his eternal rest in Heaven.
Ed was born in Chicago to Herman and Ada (List) Krafft. After graduating from Concordia Teacher's College, River Forest, Ill., he obtained his master's degree from Washington University in St. Louis, Mo.
He married Winifred Schroeder in October 1945, before leaving for the Missouri Lutheran Church's mission field in southern India.
There, he supervised the church's numerous elementary and secondary schools for Indian children for 16 years.
On returning to the United States with his family in 1961, Ed began a second career teaching at East Memorial and later at UNC's Lab School. He retired after 20 years at the Lab School in 1984.
After living 29 years in Greeley, he and Winnie moved to Eaton.
He dedicated his life to serving his Lord, his family and friends and his students.
He was particularly proud of the cabin he built with the help of the whole family, and of writing his memoirs, "Abiding in the Shadow of His Wings."
Ed leaves here his dear brother, Arthur of Menomonee Falls, Wis.; eight children; 14 grandchildren; and three great-grandchildren.
His wife and one grandchild, Adrienne Murphy, predeceased him.
Committal services will be at 10 a.m. Sept. 16, 2013, at Sunset Memorial Gardens, followed by a memorial service and luncheon at 11:30 a.m. at St. Peter Lutheran Church, 4610 Hogan Drive, Fort Collins.
In lieu of flowers, please make donations to St. Peter Lutheran Church or to the Hospice of Northern Colorado.
An online obituary and guest book are at http://www.moserfuneralservice.com.
Eluterio C. Cervantes
Dec. 29, 1929-Sept. 5, 2013
Age: 83
Residence: Greeley
Eluterio C. Cervantes, 83, of Greeley, died Thursday, Sept. 5, 2013, at Bonell Good Samaritan Center.
He was born Dec. 29, 1929, in Margaret, Texas, to Natividad and Elena (Cano) Cervantes.
In the early 1960s, Eluterio moved to LaSalle. He worked for Monfort Packing Company for 20 years and also at the Great Western Sugar factory.
He enjoyed farming and raising hogs, goats and sheep.
He loved to watch the Broncos.
Eluterio is survived by two sons, Ruben Cervantes of Evans, and Robert Cervantes of Texas; two sisters, Matila Alaniz of Tulia, Texas, and Sophia Salva of Eagle Pass, Texas; two brothers, Mike Cervantes (Elizabeth) of Milliken, and Lupe Cervantes of Greeley; and numerous grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
He was preceded in death by his parents; daughter, Ricarda Martinez; and son, Sam Cervantes.
Please visit http://www.stoddardsunset.com to sign online guestbook.
Cornelio Moreno Chaparro
Nov. 16, 1972-Sept. 6, 2013
Age: 40
Residence: Greeley
Cornelio Moreno Chaparro, 40, of Greeley, passed away Friday, Sept. 6, 2013, at North Colorado Medical Center in Greeley.
He was born Nov. 16, 1972, in Mexico, to Demetrio Moreno and Dora Chaparro.
Cornelio married Natalie Sandoval in Colorado in 2009.
Survivors include his wife, Natalie; parents, Demetrio Moreno and Dora Chaparro; son, Dominick Xavier Moreno; step-daughters, Angelina and Adalisia Guevara; brothers, Demetrio and Regulo Moreno; sisters, Noelia, Angelica, Ofelia, and Blanca Moreno; and two grandchildren.
Visitation will be from 3-7 p.m. Thursday, Sept. 12, 2013, at Moser Funeral Service Chapel, 3501 11th Ave., Evans.
Bethel Drager
March 21, 1941-Sept. 4, 2013
Age: 72
Residence: Fort Collins
Bethel "Mr. Bethel" Drager, 72, of Fort Collins, passed away Sept. 4, 2013.
Funeral services will be at 1 p.m. Friday, Sept. 13, 2013, at the Allnutt Drake Chapel, 650 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins.
Interment will be at Resthaven Memory Gardens in Fort Collins, with a potluck meal to follow at the Resthaven Reception Center.
Contributions to offset expenses may be made to the "Mr. Bethel Memorial Fund" in care of Allnutt Funeral Service, 650 W. Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80526.
Please go to http://www.allnutt.com to view "Mr. Bethel's" extended obituary and to extend your condolences.


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Skip to comments.Joe Weider, titan of bodybuilding...dies at 93
Posted on 03/27/2013 5:00:22 AM PDT by HomeAtLast
Joe Weider, a legendary figure in bodybuilding who helped popularize the sport worldwide and played a key role in introducing a charismatic young weightlifter named Arnold Schwarzenegger to the world, died March 23 in Los Angeles. He was 93...
(Excerpt) Read more at washingtonpost.com ...
To cheer things up, here's "Survived By His Wife," by Alan King:
... but I"LL not hold that against him.
May he rest in peace.
And today is "National Joe Day".
Played a key role in converting bodybuilding from a physical fitness sport into a steroid-driven freak show.
All that exercise and he went anyway. J/k
RIP Joe
He went later than most. Jack Lalanne lived to be 96
Condolences to family and friends of Joe Weider.
Great clip. Alan King was brilliant, a great performer who died too young and was... survived by his wife of 52 years. RIP, Mr. Weider.
Forget which body builder said it (Charles Atlas? Jack LaLane?) but body builders can't die. It would be bad for their image.
Lived into his 90s is good enough for me to prove a point. But then, I don't see the point of living into my 90s anyway. I'm happy to check out and be with the Lord at 60. Sooner, even, if He so wills.
Jack LaLanne's brother actually wound up outliving Jack.
Logan's Run - Last Day crystals?
but what could you do at 90?
Active living 90 vs. only the energy to beep beep a heart monitor while a veggie in bed?
Incidentally, that weight gain stuff he marketed, I bought barrels of it when I was 20. It had a time lapse of around 30 years but when it finally kicked in, it was very effective!
Yep, I probably jacked my own thread there, but Alan King was unforgettable. One of my favorite flicks is his "Just Tell Me What You Want." Recommended to all!
That was exactly my experience!
All things come to those who weight! ;)
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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MOSCOW – A Moscow judge wrapped up the trial of three feminist punk rockers on Wednesday and said she would issue a verdict in the controversial case next week.
Prosecutors have called for three-year prison sentences for the Pussy Riot band members, who have already been in custody for five months after giving an impromptu performance in Moscow's main cathedral to call for an end to Vladimir Putin's rule.
The three women -- Nadezhda Tolokonnikova, 23; Maria Alekhina, 24; and Yekaterina Samutsevich, 29 -- high-kicked and danced as they belted out their "punk prayer" in Christ the Savior Cathedral in February.
They were charged with hooliganism motivated by religious hatred, which carries a maximum sentence of seven years.
Tolokonnikova, dressed in jeans and a blue T-shirt, said in a trembling voice, looking at prosecutors: "We have more freedom than all those people from the prosecution in front of me -- because we can say what we want."
Their case has sharply divided Russia. Some believers felt offended, while other Russians have been angered by what they see as repressive treatment for the expression of political beliefs. Orthodox leaders have ignored calls to pardon the women and urge the court to dismiss the case.
The trial has been seen as part of the widening government crackdown on dissent that followed Putin's election in March to a third presidential term.
"With every day an increasing number of people start to realize that if the political machine turned against girls who performed in the Christ the Savior Cathedral for 40 seconds, this means only that this political system is scared of the truth and the sincerity that we bring," Tolokonnikova said.
Putin last week criticized the Pussy Riot stunt, but said they should not be judged too harshly. Defense lawyer Nikolai Polozov said Wednesday that Putin's remarks indicated that "he virtually has found them guilty already and only meant to say that the court's punishment shouldn't be too harsh."
Violetta Volkova, another defense lawyer, said an acquittal "would be the only chance for the judge to save face -- not only for her, but for the entire Russian political system."
Stanislav Samutsevich, the father of one of the defendants, voiced concern that the women's anti-Putin rhetoric might have antagonized the judge.
The defense lawyers said that activists around the world will show their solidarity with the band by holding a global protest on Aug. 17, the day Judge Marina Syrova is to issue her verdict. .
Amnesty International has called the women prisoners of conscience. Musicians including Madonna, the Who's Pete Townsend and Neil Tennant of the Pet Shop Boys have urged their release.
During Tuesday's gig in Moscow, Madonna had the words "Pussy Riot" written on her bare back and also donned a balaclava -- symbol of the band. The punk rockers perform in bright-colored homemade ski masks.
Early in the trial, the band members apologized to all Orthodox believers, saying that they did not mean to offend anyone and that their performance was aimed against Putin and Russian Orthodox Patriarch Kirill, who had urged Russians to vote for Putin.
Prosecutors and lawyers for church employees, who were described as the injured party in the case, insisted that they saw no political motives behind the band's actions, only blasphemy and hatred toward Orthodox believers.
"How did it happen that our performance, which was a small and clumsy stunt, brought so much trouble?" Alekhina told the court. "How can this happen in a healthy society? And now it takes thousands of people around the world to prove the obvious, to prove that the three of us are innocent."
Supporters in the courtroom greeted Alekhina's speech with enthusiastic applause, to which the judge responded: "This is not a theater."
About a dozen Pussy Riot supporters also gathered outside the courthouse, and at least three, including a protester wearing a balaclava, were detained, the Interfax news agency reported.


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The Greening of Southie
When You Try To Build the City of Tomorrow... Today
The Greening of Southie is a feature documentary about Boston's first residential green building and the men and women who set out to construct it.
From wheatboard cabinetry to recycled steel, bamboo flooring to dual-flush toilets, The Macallen Building is something different—a leader in the emerging field of environmentally friendly design.
But green building has its challenges, and the jobsite has its skeptics. And when things start to go wrong, a young developer has to keep the project from unraveling.


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County Tax Assessors Investing in Technology: The Implications for Businesses
By Carla Yrjanson
As county government becomes more efficient and timely in how they manage property taxes, businesses should do the same or they risk penalties and possibly costly audits resulting from non-compliance.
According to a joint survey conducted by Thomson Reuters and the National Association of Counties (NACo), county assessors expect investments in technology—including information management systems, mobile and cloud-based software and services—to increase staff and operational efficiency, improve data accuracy, and enhance the reliability and security of information. Already delivering on expectations, the same survey found that despite less staff, 72% of U.S. counties report increased assessed property values and 64% of counties reported an increase in the volume of records processed in the last year. In addition, recent U.S. Census Bureau data highlights property tax as a leading source of revenue for states, which likely means that government will continue to enforce property tax compliance in the coming year.
With all this coming, exactly what does it all mean for businesses? As counties ramp up their technology systems to drive improved information accuracy and reliability, what can business do to keep in-step with increasingly technically-savvy local government?
With more than 18,361 taxing authorities collecting property tax in the United States, each with varying rules and regulations on state taxation, a system that bases property tax on the values and location of property at a specific point in time, achieving property tax compliance is no easy feat. However, just as there is technology designed to help government to become efficient tax-collecting machines, there is also technology to help businesses to become equally efficient at lowering property tax compliance administrative costs and improving cash management. There are also many free resources available that provide the key filing, appeals and tax payment due dates in various states.
The bottom line is that as county government becomes more sophisticated and subsequently more efficient and timely in how they manage property taxes, businesses should do the same or they risk penalties and possibly costly audits resulting from non-compliance.
Click here for original article.


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Jacob A. Riis
The Battle with the Slum
> XV. Neighbor the Password
Jacob A. Riis
. The Battle with the Slum.
XV. Neighbor the Password
we live in a wonderful time. Here have I been trying to bring up to date this account of the battle with the slum, and in the doing of it have been compelled, not once, but half a dozen times, to go back and wipe out what I had written because it no longer applied. The ink was not dry on the page that pleaded for the helpless ones who have to leave the hospital before they are fit to take up their battle with the world, so as to make room for others in instant needone of the saddest of sights that has wrung the heart of the philanthropist these many yearswhen I read in my paper of the four million dollar gift to build a convalescents home at once. I would rather be in that mans shoes than be the Czar of all the Russias. I would rather be blessed by the grateful heart of man or woman, who but just now was without hope, than have all the diamonds in the Kimberley mines. Yes, ours is the greatest of all times. Since I started putting these pages in shape for the printer, the Child Labor Committee and the Tuberculosis Committee have been formed to put up bars against the slum where it roamed unrestrained; the Tenement House Department has been organized and got under way, and the knell of the double-decker and the twenty-five-foot lot has been sounded. Two hundred tenements are going up to-day under the new law, that are in all respects model buildings, as good as the City and Suburban Home Companys houses, though built for revenue only. All over the greater city the libraries are rising which, when Mr. Carnegies munificent plan has been worked out to the full, are to make, with the noble central edifice in Bryant Park, the greatest free library system of any day, with a princely fortune to back it.
New bridges are spanning our rivers, tunnels are being bored, engineers are blasting a way for the city out of its bonds on crowded Manhattan, devotion and high principle rule once more at the City Hall, Cuba is free, Tammany is out; the boy is coming into his rights; the toughs of Hells Kitchen have taken to farming on the site of Strykers Lane, demolished and gone.
And here upon my table lies a letter from the head-worker of the University Settlement, which the postman brought half an hour ago, that lets more daylight in, it seems to me, than all the rest. He has been thinking, he writes, of how to yoke the public school and the social settlement together, and the conviction that comes to everybody who thinks to solve problems, has come to him, too, that the way to do a thing is to do it. So he proposes, since they need another house over at the West Side branch, to acquire it by annexing the public school and turning all the force and power that is in the branch into the bare walls of the school, there to develop a social spirit and an enthusiasm among young and old that shall make of the school truly the neighborhood house and soul. And he asks us all to fall in.
I say it lets daylight in, because we have all felt for some time that something like this was bound to come, only how was not clear yet. Here is this immense need of a tenement house population of more than two million souls: something to take the place, as far as anything can, of the home that isnt there, a place to meet other than the saloon; a place for the young to do their courtingthere is no room for it in the tenement, and the street is not the place for it, yet it has got to be done; a place to make their elders feel that they are men and women, something else than mere rent-paying units. Why, it was this very need that gave birth to the social settlement among us, and we see now that with the old machinery it does not supply it and never can. I can reach the people of just about two blocks about me here, said this same head worker of the same settlement to me an evening or two ago, and that is all. But there are hundreds of blocks filled with hungry minds and souls. A hundred settlements would be needed where there is one.
The churches could not meet the need. They ought to and some day they will, when we build the church downtown and the mission uptown. But now they cant. There are not enough of them, for one thing. They do try; for only the other day, when I went to tell the Methodist ministers of it, and of how they ought to back up the effort to have the public school thrown open on Sundays for concerts, lectures, and the like, after the first shock of surprise they pulled themselves together manfully and said that they would do it. They saw with me that it is a question, not of damaging the Lords Day, but of wresting it from the devil, who has had it all this while over there on the East Side, and on the West Side too. All along the swarming streets with no church in sight, but a saloon on every corner, stand the big schoolhouses with their spacious halls, empty and silent and grim, waiting to have the soul breathed into them that alone can make their teaching effective for good citizenship. They belong to the people. Why should they not be used by the people Sunday and weekday and day and night, for whatever will serve their endsif the janitor has a fit?
Now here come the social settlements with their plan of doing it. What claim have they to stand in the gap?
This one, that they are there now, though they do not fill it. The gap has been too much for them. They need the help of those they came to succor quite as much as
need them. I have no desire to find fault with any one who wants to help his neighbor. God forbid! I am not even a settlement worker. But when I read, as I did yesterday, a summing up of the meaning of settlements by three or four residents in such houses, and see education, reform politics, local improvements, legislation, characterized as the aim and objects of settlement work, I am afraid somebody is on the wrong track. Those things are good, provided they spring naturally from the intellectual life that moves in and about the settlement house; indeed, unless they do, something has quite decidedly miscarried there. But they are not the object. When I pick up a report of one settlement and another, and find them filled with little essays on the people and their ways and manners, as if the settlement were some kind of a laboratory where they prepare human specimens for inspection and classification,stick them on pins like bugs and hold them up and twirl them so as to let us have a good look,then I know that somebody has wandered away off, and that
he knows he has,
for all he is making a brave show trying to persuade himself and us that it was worth the money. No use going into that farther. The fact is that we have all been groping. We saw the need and started to fill it, and in the strange surroundings we lost our bearings and the password. We got to be sociological instead of neighborly. It is not the same thing.
A Cooking Lesson in Vacation School: the Best Temperance Sermon.
Here is the lost password: neighbor. That is all there is to it. If a settlement isnt the neighbor of those it would reach, it is nothing at all. A place, said the sub-warden of Toynbee Hall in the discussion I spoke of, and set it on even keel in an instant, a place of good will rather than of good works. That is it. We had become strangers, had drifted apart, and the settlement came to introduce us to one another again, as it were, to remind us that we were neighbors. And because that was the one thing above all that was wanted, it became an instant success where it was not converted into a social experiment station; and even that could not kill it. If any one doubts that I have the right password, let him look for the proof in the organization this past month of a new coöperative social settlement, to be carried on in conjunction and association with the people in the neighborhood. Not a new idea at all, only a fresh grip taken on the old one. It is sound enough and strong enough to set itself right if we will only let it. Only last week Dr. Elliot of the Hudson Guild over in West Twenty-sixth Street told me of his boys and their fathers subscribing their savings with the hope of owning the guild house themselves. They had never let go their grip on the idea over there. They are of Felix Adlers flock.
But take now the elements as we have them: this great and terrible longing for neighborliness where the home feeling is gone with the home; the five hundred school buildings in the metropolis that have already successfully been put to neighborhood use. It was nothing else that Dr. Leipziger did when he began his evening lectures in the schools to grown audiences a dozen years ago, and proudly pointed to a record of twenty-two thousand in attendance for the season. Last winter nearly a million workingmen and their wives attended over three thousand lectures.
Dr. Leipziger is now the strong advocate of opening the schools on the Sabbath, as a kind of Sunday opening we can all join in. Of course, he is; he has seen what it means. These factors, the need, the means, and then the settlement that is there to put the two together, as its own great opportunityhas it not a good claim?
Experimenting with the school? Well, what of it?
can stand it. What else have we been doing the last half-dozen years or more, and what splendid results have we not to show for it? It is the spirit that calls every innovation frills, and boasts that we have got the finest schools in the world which blocks the way to progress. It cropped out at a meeting of settlement workers and schoolmen that had for its purpose a better understanding. In the meeting one gray-haired teacher arose and said that the schools as they are were good enough for his father, and therefore they were good enough for him. That teachers place is on the shelf that has been provided now for those who have done good work in a day that is past. Vaudeville, sneered the last Tammany mayor, when the East Side asked for a playground for the children. Vaudeville for the masses killed Rome. The masses responded by killing him politically. My father was a teacher, and it is because he was a good one and taught me that when growth ceases decay begins, that I am never going to be satisfied, no matter how good the schools get to be. I want them ever closer to the peoples life, because upon that does that very life depend. Turn back to what I said about the slum tenant and see what it means: in the slum only 4.97 per cent of native parentage. All but five in a hundred had either come over the sea, or else their parents had. Nearly half (46.65) were ignorant, illiterate; for the whole city the percentage of illiteracy was only 7.69. Turn to the reformatory showing: of ten thousand and odd prisoners 66.55 utterly illiterate, or able to read and write only with difficulty. Do you see how the whole battle with the slum is fought out in and around the public school? For in ignorance selfishness finds its opportunity, and the two together make the slum.
The mere teaching is only a part of it. The school itself is a biggerthe meeting there of rich and poor. Out of the public school comes, must come if we are to last, the real democracy that has our hope in keeping. I wish it were in my power to compel every father to send his boy to the public school; I would do it, and so perchance bring the school up to the top notch where it was lacking. The President of the United States today sets a splendid example to us all in letting his boys mingle with those who are to be their fellow-citizens by and by. It is precisely in the sundering of our society into classes that have little in common,
that are no longer neighbors,
that our peril lives. A people cannot work together for the good of the state if they are not on speaking terms. In the gap the slum grows up. That was one reason why I hailed with a shout the proposition of Mr. Schwab, the steel trust millionnaire, to take a regiment of boys down to Staten Island on an excursion every day in summer. Let me see, I havent told about that, I think. He had bought a large property down there, all beach and lake and field and woodland, and proposed to build a steamer with room for a thousand or two, and then take them down with a band of music on board, and give them a swim, a romp, and a jolly good time. As soon as he spoke to me about it, I said: Yes! and hitch it to the public school somehow; make it part of the curriculum. No more nature study out of a barrel! Take the whole school, teachers and all, and let them do their own gathering of specimens. So the children shall be under efficient control, and so the tired teacher shall get a chance too. But more than all, so it may befall that the boys themselves shall come to know one another better and that more of them shall get together; for what boy does not want a jolly good romp, and why should he not be Mr. Schwabs guest for the day, if he does count his dollars by millions?
The working plan the Board of Education can be trusted to provide. I think it will do it gladly, once it understands. Indeed, why should it not? No one thinks of surrendering the schools, but simply of enlisting the young enthusiasm that is looking for employment, and of a way of turning it to use, while the board is constantly calling for just that priceless personal element which money cannot buy and without which the schools will never reach their highest development. Precedents there are in plenty. If not, we can make them. New York is the metropolis. In Toledo the Park Commissioners take the public school boys sleigh-riding in winter. Our Park Commissioner is ploughing up land for them to learn farming and gardening. It is all experimenting, and let us be glad we have got to that, if we do blunder once and again. The laboratory study, the bug business, we shall get rid of, and we shall get rid of some antediluvian ways that hamper our educational development yet. We shall find a way to make the schools centres of distribution in our library system as its projectors have hoped. Just now it cannot be done, because it takes about a year for a book to pass the ten or twelve different kinds of censorship our sectarian zeal has erected about the school. We shall have the assembly halls thrown open, not only for Dr. Leipzigers lectures and Sunday concerts (already one permit has been granted for the latter), but for trades-union meetings, and for political meetings, if I have my way. Until we consider our politics quite good enough to be made welcome in the school, they wont be good enough for it. The day we do let them in, the saloon will lose its grip, and not much before. When the fathers and mothers meet under the school roof as in their neighborhood house, and the children have their games, their clubs, and their dances therewhen the school, in short, takes the place in the life of the people in the crowded quarters which the saloon now monopolizes, there will no longer be a saloon question in politics; and that day the slum is beaten.
Such a Ballroom!
Very likely I shall not find many to agree with me on this question of political meetings. Nonpartisan let them be then. So we shall more readily find our way out of the delusion that national politics have any place in municipal elections or affairs, a notion that has delayed the day of decency too long. We shall grow, along with the schools, and by and by our party politics will be clean enough to sit in the school seats too. And oh! by the way, as to those seats, is there any special virtue in the deadline of straight rows that have come down to us from the time of the Egyptians or farther back still? No, I would not lay impious hand on any hallowed tradition, educational or otherwise. But is it that? And why is it? It would be so much easier to make the school the peoples hall and the boys club, if those seats could be moved around in human fashion; they might come naturally into human shape in the doing of it. But, as I said, I wouldnt for the worldnot for the world. Only, why is the deadline hallowed?
I am willing to leave it to the Board. We are singularly fortunate in having just now a mayor who will listen, a Board of Education that will act, and a superintendent of school buildings who can and will build schools to meet neighborhood needsif we will make them plain. The last time I dropped into his office I found him busy, between tiffs with contractors, sketching an underground story for the schoolhouse, like the great hall of the Cooper Institute, that should at the same time serve the purpose of an assembly hall, and put the roof garden one story nearer the street. That was his answer to the cry of elevators. We do not need municipal boys club houses, said Mayor Low in vetoing the bill to build them last winter, we have the schools. True! Then let us have them used, and if the classroom is not the best kind of place for them, the experience of the settlements will show us what kind is. They carry on no end of such clubs. And let the Board of Education trustily leave the rest to Superintendent Snyder, who knows. Isnt enough to make a man believe the millennium has come, to find that there is at last some one who knows? Not necessarily all at once.
Teaching the Girls to Swim: Part of the Public School Course.
In a copy of
which just now came in (did I not say that it goes that way all the time?) I read that the Chicago Small Parks Commission has recommended nine neighborhood parks at a cost of a million dollars,wise City of the Winds! we waited till we had to pay a million for each park,but that the playgrounds had been left to the Board of Education, which body was not certain whether school funds may be spent for playgrounds apart from buildings. However, they are going to provide seventy-five school yards big enough to romp in, and the other trouble will be got over. In Boston they are planning neighborhood entertainment as a proper function of the school. Here we shall find for both school and settlement their proper places with one swoop. The kindergarten, manual training, and the cooking school, all experiments in their day, cried out as fads by some, have brought common sense in their train. When it rules the public school in our citiesI said it beforewe can put off our armor; the battle with the slum will be over.
Note 1.
The Astor, Lenox, and Tilden foundations represent a total of some seven millions of dollars. The great central library, erected by the city, is to cost five millions, and the fifty branches for which the city gives the sites and Andrew Carnegie the buildings, 5,200,000. The citys contribution for maintenance will be over half a million yearly.
Note 2.
The first years record was 186 lectures and 22,149 hearers. Last winter (19011902) there were 3172 lectures in over 100 places, and the total attendance was 928,251. This winter there will be 115 centres. It is satisfactory to know that churches and church houses fall in with the plan more and more where there are no schools to serve as halls.
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HARRISBURG, Pa. (AP) — A court clerk in suburban Philadelphia who defied Pennsylvania's ban on same-sex marriage by signing licenses for scores of gay couples is urging the state's highest court to overturn an order that required him to stop.
Lawyers for D. Bruce Hanes, clerk of the Montgomery County Orphan's Court, filed a brief in his appeal to the state Supreme Court on Monday.
The state Health Department had taken Hanes to court for violating the law. In September, Commonwealth Court Judge Dan Pellegrini ordered him to stop signing the licenses.
Hanes, who has signed licenses for 174 same-sex couples, says the court order forced him to violate his oath by complying with a law he regards as unconstitutional. He also contends the Health Department lacked legal standing to take him to court.


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Tim McCarver to St. Louis? Yes, Please and Other Bullets
The Winter Meetings begin on Monday, but this past week may as well have been the protracted start. There was far more activity this past week than at the Winter Meetings last year – or in any week I can remember, really – and I'd expect there to be plenty more next week at the meetings. In any event, the point here is that there will be plenty to discuss this weekend, and you're going to see a great deal more written today than on a usual Saturday. If you're holed up from a snowstorm, settle in, grab a cup, and be ready.
- Please let this happen: a report out of St. Louis has the Cardinals reaching out to Tim McCarver, who just left the national scene in 2013, to join their broadcast booth next year. The possibility that McCarver – with his unique brand of calling games – could be paired with the Cardinals going forward is a possibility that my contempt bone can barely stand. Best fans, best team, best broadcaster. I'm not sure how anyone could survive that level of anointed superiority.
- Be reminded: there's a free fantasy football contest going on right now. It's pretty simple: sign up here, pick your team, have some fun, win some cash. (Full details here.)
- Jeff Passan digs into how a recent lawsuit details what it's like for some players to defect to Cuba before joining MLB. The word "handlers," in some cases, might as well be exchanged for "armed kidnappers." There was a bizarre, "human trafficking" twist in the Jorge Soler story in 2012 – though very indirectly, and without any negative claims with respect to Soler's defection, specifically. Hopefully, with Cuba opening up a bit, the defection stories will be less fraught with shadiness and fright.
- Jay's got the latest Bears Bullets getting you ready for Monday's game.
- BN'er Oswego Chris – he of the '105 Reasons' Cubs book – is holding a contest on the Message Board in the run-up to Christmas, and you can win a free copy of his book just by being clever. Check out the details in Chris's post, and enter the contest. It's easy. And funny.
- Speaking of funny, nice inadvertent work in the comments, gents:
Jeff (Samardzija) and Edwin (Jackson) arguing for themselves on @BleacherNation? Hilarious. #Cubs pic.twitter.com/paMd0RZmhy
— Jan Forty-Two (@JanFortyTwo) December 6, 2013


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West Texas State University #1 Rated Fitness Program - Adventure Boot Camp
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December 28, 2011
DEANGELO CLAY, PLAINTIFF,v.J. WALKER, ET AL., DEFENDANTS.
The opinion of the court was delivered by: Carolyn K. Delaney United States Magistrate Judge
Plaintiff has requested the appointment of counsel. The United States Supreme Court has ruled that district courts lack authority to require counsel to represent indigent prisoners in § 1983 cases. Mallard v. United States Dist. Court, 490 U.S. 296, 298 (1989). In certain exceptional circumstances, the court may request the voluntary assistance of counsel pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(1). Terrell v. Brewer, 935 F.2d 1015, 1017 (9th Cir. 1991); Wood v. Housewright, 900 F.2d 1332, 1335-36 (9th Cir. 1990). In the present case, the court does not find the required exceptional circumstances. Plaintiff's request for the appointment of counsel will therefore be denied without prejudice to renewing to the motion at a later point in the proceedings.
Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that plaintiff's request for the appointment of counsel is denied without prejudice.
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Granville Tote
Christian Dior
WeSell for £750
We would buy this for £375 cash or a £500 credit voucher
All items are pre-owned, and are expertly authenticated by Designer Exchange. Every effort will be made to ensure you receive the original dust bag, box and other accessories where available. We package all purchases, online and in-store, to a high standard. More information can be found here.


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Roseville and Hillspoint roads bisect Westport, and since the Colonial house at 7 Ellery Lane is near both, that would place the house in the heart of town.
That's a distinct advantage for someone who wants the best of both worlds: The convenience of being close to shops, restaurants and municipal buildings, while also having a home on a private one-acre property on a quiet cul-de-sac. The house is also in an ideal, central location for commuters. Its location in the Greens Farms neighborhood makes it equidistant to the Saugatuck and Greens Farms train stations. The train stations are only about four minutes from this house.
The house was custom built in 2005 by a husband and wife construction team, and it's apparent through the integration of masculine and feminine elements from the coffered ceilings of the formal living room and library/study to the graceful columns that separate the gourmet kitchen from the family room.
Deep crown molding and raised paneling frame many rooms of this 5,554-square-foot house, which has a two-story foyer, two powder rooms on the first floor, and a laundry room that also functions as a utility and craft room. It has wrapping paper bins, cupboards and cabinetry for crafts, all organized by California Closets. One prospective buyer, while viewing the house on a recent visit, said she wouldn't mind doing laundry in a room like that.
The formal living room features the first of three fireplaces, this one with decorative molding and fluted columns around it. There are French doors that separate the living room from the library. The formal dining room has wainscoting on the lower walls and a bowed wall with a window that features an unusual pane of glass. Rather than the typical divided light panes or a picture window, this one combines both elements. This window feature is repeated in several other areas of the house.
The family room has a floor-to-ceiling stone fireplace with a natural wood mantle, exposed beams, built-in bookshelves and cabinets, and a home theater screen and projector from which the family can watch DVDs or the television. This projector will not convey with the house, but the room is arranged to accommodate a home theater feature.
French doors lead to a mahogany deck in the backyard. The deck can also be accessed by French doors in the gourmet kitchen.
Kitchen features include a farm sink, granite counters, center island and top of the line appliances, among them a gas range and griddle and warming oven. The granite-topped island has a built-in bookshelf, storage drawers, and a three-chair breakfast bar. In addition to the butler's pantry, with a wine cooler, the kitchen also has a walk-in pantry.
On the second floor, the master bedroom suite has a deep tray ceiling with a ceiling fan and a dressing room. Its walk-in closet is furnished with custom California Closet organizers. The spacious master bath has custom blinds that can be raised and lowered by use of a remote control.
A walk-up third floor is currently unfinished, but it is plumbed, wired and ready for completion if the next family wants or needs the space for more than storage.
The wired, plumbed, framed and insulated, partially finished basement level has a fireplace and party room.
Outside, the backyard has the deck and a flagstone patio with a barbecue area. The property also has lots of flowering trees, shrubs and perennial flowers including 200 spring bulbs.
For more information or to set up an appointment to see the house contact Mary Ann Batsell of Halstead Property at 203-209-0933 or email her at firstname.lastname@example.com.
TYPE: Colonial
ADDRESS: 7 Ellery Lane
AMENITIES: beach rights, proximity to Greens Farms and Saugatuck train stations, one-acre level property, 14-BTU generator, landscaped flower gardens, gourmet kitchen, butler's pantry, three fireplaces, mahogany deck, flagstone patio, French doors, detailed moldings, approved in-ground pool site, in-ground sprinkler system, insulated Thermopane windows, security system, some window treatments, audio system, open porch, zoned central air conditioning, ceiling fans, exterior lighting, shed, built-in bookshelves
OTHER INFORMATION: five bedrooms, four full and two half baths, three-car attached garage, full finished walk-out basement, hardwood floors throughout most of house, laundry/utility room, walk-up attic, tank-less hot water, zoned hot air oil heating system, sewer system, public water
SCHOOLS: Greens Farms Elementary, Bedford Middle, Staples High
TAX RATE: 18.07 mills
Friday, July 19, 2013


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Body found in Homewood bushes
Pittsburgh police also say woman was shot nearby
Body found in Homewood bushes
Pittsburgh police also say woman was shot nearby
Police are searching for answers after a body was found Friday morning in Homewood.
The body was found near some shrubs at the intersection of Hamilton Avenue and Sterrett Street around 7 a.m. -- just five hours after a woman was shot in the same area.
The body has since been identified as Maurice Bruce, 32, of Swissvale.
Police said the woman was shot in the leg around 2 a.m.
It's unclear if the two incidents are connected.
Neighborhood residents say they are fed up with crime. A woman who didn't want to give her name said, "I go to work and home. It's not even safe. It's not safe -- it's really not. You have to always look behind your back."


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i am snswering the question posed about a static stator in a magnetic field. Sorry but it wont work you need to move the magnetic field with energy in some form to produce an induced electron flow in a conductor!
Sorry but in this universe as far as we know their is nothing for nothing!


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Citing privacy and safety concerns, Collier has offered that much to purchase a 5.7-acre piece of Loblolly Woods North Nature Park that backs up to his house.
Gainesville apartment magnate Nathan Collier has made the city a $1 million offer.
Citing privacy and safety concerns, Collier has offered that much to purchase a 5.7-acre piece of Loblolly Woods North Nature Park that backs up to his house.
Collier's representatives, who include former Mayor Pegeen Hanrahan, say carving out that slice will have little overall impact on Loblolly North, which covers some 63 acres north of Northwest Eighth Avenue and a short distance west of Northwest 22nd Terrace.
During a discussion of the offer at a Monday afternoon meeting of the City Commission's Recreation, Cultural Affairs and Public Works Committee, Collier's representatives also maintained that the $1 million would bring a significant windfall -- an appraiser hired by Collier valued the property at $75,000 -- that the city could put toward the purchase of other conservation lands.
More than a dozen residents and representatives of environmental organizations attended the meeting and almost all of them came in opposition. Their concerns included the precedent of city commissioners selling off conservation property whenever a large sum of money is dangled in front of them.
"The community isn't saying let's sell the land," environmentalist Francine Robinson said. "The community is saying let's keep the land for ourselves and generations to come."
Beyond that, there was the argument that, if the city chooses to sell the land, the money needs to be earmarked for conservation purchases.
There was also uncertainty whether the property, if sold, would be fenced off -- an eight-foot-high fence wraps Collier's property now -- or possibly built on. With its current conservation zoning designation and 5.7-acre size, one home could legally go on the land.
Arthur Stockwell, another Collier representative, said Collier has had issues with individuals coming to his fence and looking into his home. Because of that, he wants to move his fence line farther out, Stockwell said.
At one point during the meeting, a frustrated opponent of the sale offer said that, if Collier wants to be a part of the community, "he doesn't need a fortress with a moat."
Collier's homestead is bounded by Northwest Eighth Avenue and Northwest 22nd Terrace and, to the west, the park land in question. Residents who use the park say that area is well-traveled by those who come to the park to walk their dogs.
Nearby resident Sal Locascio, who fought a successful battle in the late '90s to prohibit paved trails in the Hogtown Creek Greenway, countered that the area of the park near Collier's home should be off limits to the public because it is away from the city's trail system.
"The city is in fact intruding into his backyard," Locascio said of Collier.
Gainesville Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs Director Steve Phillips said because that area is away from the city's established trail system, city staff does "not encourage" its use by visitors to the nature park.
As it stands, the three city commissioners on the Recreation, Cultural Affairs and Public Works Committee -- Susan Bottcher, Todd Chase and Thomas Hawkins -- unanimously voted to forward the issue to the full City Commission with no recommendation for or against it.
Bottcher said the money from the sale could go into other park priorities, like the continued development of the city's recreational trail system. Still, after hearing public input, she said, at this point, that she would oppose the sale.
"It's easy to be tempted by a big fat check with a lot of zeroes on it," she said.
Hawkins said he rejected the notion that the city would be setting a precedent with a sale and each decision is made on a case by case basis. He said $1 million could be a significant boost to the city's conservation land acquisition fund.
Chase said the sale would not "fundamentally change the use of the land" or the park and could raise money for the city's parks department.
Collier's offer is headed to the full Commission for discussion at the same time that staff is drafting a proposed policy for the disposal of conservation lands that are declared surplus. Under the policy, any such land would have to be put out for bid and the money raised from a sale would have to go back into the park system -- for construction, maintenance or other conservation purchases.
As it stands, the city puts general fund monies toward greenspace acquisition on an annual basis but has spent or allocated all the approximately $2.6 million the Wild Spaces and Public Places voter-approved sales tax raised for the purchase of environmentally sensitive lands, Phillips said.
The full City Commission is not expected to discuss Collier's offer until next year.


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Kentucky Baptist high school students seeking to refine their musical talents can audition for the Kentucky Baptist All-State Youth Choir and Orchestra on March 7 or 14.
Auditions will take place at six locations across Kentucky on both dates. High school students who have completed grades 9-12 and are active members of a Kentucky Baptist Convention church are eligible to participate.
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