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Advertorials with Scholars' Choice
SMF also worked with Scholars' Choice (an e-platform launched by The Straits Times) which features various scholarships offered in Singapore. Through this publicity, SMF hopes to showcase the array of MaritimeONE scholarships available and reach out to the young talents seeking scholarship opportunities.
Please click on the image to view our scholars' feature write-up:
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01Details of Bush Tax Cuts
The Bush administration cut taxes in 2001 and 2003. EGTRRA cut income taxes. It saved taxpayers $1.35 trillion over 10 years. But most of those benefits accrued to families with children and to high-income earners. JGTTRA cut corporate taxes. It also accelerated the income tax phase-in. Congress passed both tax cuts to fight the 2001 recession.
02Obama's 2009 Economic Stimulus Package
In February 2009, Congress approved the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Obama's $787 billion economic stimulus package. The ARRA ended the Great Recession in June 2009. The administration promised it would save between 900,000 and 2.3 million jobs. It allocated funds as follows:
- $288 billion in tax cuts.
- $224 billion in extended unemployment benefits, education and health care.
- $275 billion for job creation using federal contracts, grants and loans.
03Details of the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act
The stimulus package spent $83 billion in public construction and $117 billion to improve education. There was also $18 billion in science research funding, $54 billion to help small businesses and $22 billion to increase alternative energy production. Another $138 billion funded health care. That included $24 billion to subsidize COBRA benefits for laid-off workers and $87 billion to help states with Medicaid.
04Do Tax Cuts Create Jobs?
Dollar for dollar, tax cuts are not the best way to created jobs. The Bush tax cuts created 4.6 jobs for every $1 million in cuts, according to the Congressional Budget Office. Unemployment benefits created 19 jobs for the same $1 million spent.
If Congress insists on tax cuts, then the best kind are payroll tax cuts. They create 13 new jobs for every $1 million. If these employers only get the cuts when they create new jobs, it boosts job creation to 18 jobs per $1 million.
05Extended Unemployment Benefits Best Way to Boost Economy
In addition to creating jobs, every dollar spent on unemployment benefits stimulates $1.73 in economic demand, according to an Economy.com study. That's because the unemployed spend every dollar they receive on basic essentials, such as food, clothing and housing. Estimates say that every month benefits are extended costs taxpayers $10 billion. But it also generates $17.3 billion in economic growth every month.
062010 Election Results Meant Tax Cuts Had to Pass by Year-End
In 2010, the House gained 60 Republicans. That created a majority who elected a new House Majority Leader, John Boehner. Republicans won an additional six seats in the Senate, but not the majority. The Republicans wanted to reduce the deficit, keep the Bush tax cuts for everyone and eliminate Obamacare. The change meant Obama had to negotiate with the lame duck Congress. That enabled the Obama tax cuts to pass before the end of 2010.
07How Tax Cuts Add to the Debt
At $21 trillion, the U.S. debt is the largest in the world. It is nearly equal to total annual economic production. How did it get so large? Even before the economic crisis, the debt grew 50 percent between 2000 and 2007, ballooning from $6 trillion to $9 trillion. The $700 billion bailout helped the debt grow to $10.5 trillion by December 2008.
The economic stimulus package and other stimulus spending added another $3 trillion in two years. Military spending increased, while revenues from taxes declined after the recession. For more, see How Much Did Obama Add to the Nation's Debt?
08Why Do We Pay Taxes?
Blame Congress for taxes. The Constitution gives Congress the "the power to lay and collect taxes." Of course, it does so to pay for government services. The largest of these are Social Security, Medicare and our nation's defense.
Obama Tax Cuts Facts and Consequences
Why Did Obama Extend the Bush Tax Cuts in 2010?
In 2010, President Obama signed an $858 billion tax cut deal. It extended the Bush tax cuts through 2012 and unemployment benefits through 2011. It cut payroll taxes by 2 percent, adding $120 million to workers' spendable income. It extended a college tuition tax credit. It also included $55 billion in industry-specific tax cuts.
To pay for part of these costs, Obama's deal revived the inheritance tax that had lapsed for a year. It applied a 35 percent tax rate to estates worth over $5 million for individuals or over $10 million for families. (Source: Washington Post, "Obama, GOP reach deal to extend tax breaks," December 7, 2010)

subset: commoncrawl


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Views: 755, Replies: 8 » Jump to the end
Aug 30, 2016 6:01 PM CST
|Background history:
'Kansas Kitten' is a dormant diploid introduced in 2002 by Jack Carpenter. Jack owned and operated The Lily Farm until he sold it to his nephew, Mark, in 2010. Story can be found here: http://lilyfarm.com/changingha...
More information about Jack Carpenter can be found in this thread started by Char:
The thread "ATP Series: The Daylilies of Jack Carpenter" in Daylilies forum
Kansas Kitten is a mid-season bloomer with possible re-bloom. It is listed as rust susceptible. It has earned the Honorable Mention: 2005 AHS award. It is pod and pollen fertile with currently 10 registered children: http://garden.org/plants/paren...
This plant can be found in the NGA Plant Database at:
Daylily (Hemerocallis 'Kansas Kitten') .
Please join in, if you own this plant! We would love to know more! I award an acorn for performance information posted to this thread.
Also, please consider adding a "Local Report" to the NGA Plant Database! Thank you!
Daylily (Hemerocallis 'Kansas Kitten')
What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters, compared to what lies within us.
Garden Rooms and Becky's Budget Garden
[Last edited by beckygardener - Aug 30, 2016 9:10 PM (+)]
| Quote | Post #1258033 (1)
Aug 30, 2016 6:09 PM CST
|I have only had it for 2 years and it blooms well. I haven't tried to hybridize with it as of yet. I do have plans for it next year. It survives the Zone 5 winters without any protection. The pictures are an accurate representation.
Aug 30, 2016 8:37 PM CST
|I have had Kansas Kitten for at least 5 years. It is planted in a shady area, to protect it from fading. The shade does not effect it's performance. It blooms reliably every year. Kansas Kitten is an exceptionally hardworking daylily. It's blooms are unaffected by Texas heat. The plant does go heat dormant in July. It would be one of my top five daylilies.
May your garden be a source of joy and happiness!
I prefer to walk in the light, I prefer a world where people want to be kind and bless each other, I prefer a God who loves and shares so much that he gave up his only Son for me. I prefer to choose the God of Abraham. Let there be peace and let it begin with me.
Name: Sue Petruske
Wisconsin (Zone 5a)
Aug 31, 2016 12:16 AM CST
|I've had Kansas Kitten for a number of years now. It is a moderate increaser, which I like. The flower does fade on hot sunny days. I have it in FULL sun. For me, the blooms often are spotty. It has its good days and bad days. Kind of a "band hair day" I guess. I've never paid attention to what the weather was when it happens. I'll have to do that next year. It happens so often that I even considered getting rid of it but it is so very beautiful when it's having a good day. In fact, I've even picked off and tossed new blooms if I know someone will be visiting my gardens that day.
Here is a good day - you can see just a teeny-tiny bit of spots on it.
Aug 31, 2016 12:52 AM CST
|I grew it for a few years.. Some others show a more vibrant color in their pictures then what I saw here, but it was a good bloomer. What finally did it in though was the one year I got rust. It managed to avoid getting it until late in the season then it too got rusty. It then went to that great daylily field in the sky. I don't want to deal with rust on my daylilies..........Maryl
Name: Chuck
northern IL. (Zone 5a)
Aug 31, 2016 7:06 PM CST
|I've had Kansas Kitten for about 2 years now and I do like the flower it does fade some what and I also have it in full sun but love the color combination where I have it with the other day lilies and perennials for me it's a keeper
Name: Nancy
Bowling Green Kentucky (Zone 6b)
Aug 31, 2016 8:55 PM CST
|Kansas Kitten has done well in the 2 years I've had it, increased well, & bloomed nicely. The blooms always seem to look nice here, it is in full sun & I've been surprised that it doesn't seem to fade badly in the heat of the day. The plant does seem to look pretty bad after it finishes bloom, but see it goes dormant in Texas, so that may explain it. It does perk up very nicely when the weather cools.
Name: Mike
Hazel Crest, IL (Zone 5b)
There's a place of quiet rest !
Sep 1, 2016 12:35 PM CST
|Kansas Kitten has been here for about two seasons now. It has increased OK. It is a very pretty unusual flower. Mine is located in a partly shaded area.
Kansas Kitten
"Life as short as it is, is amazing isn't it ?" Michael Burton
"Be your best you".
Name: bron
NSW-Qld border Australia
DD + her little ones
Nov 2, 2016 7:33 AM CST
|I am still hoping for better things with my KK here in subtropical east coast Australia. It had rust badly but is OK since I removed all green parts. It gets full sun except for shade from another plant. I may move it to a shadier spot when the plant is stronger. I lost a fan last time I moved it.
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Wow, what a smoke.
I picked up a CAO America Potomac today during lunch, with the intention of smoking it on the way home. This was my first mistake; the cigar lasted longer than the drive.
The first thing I noticed about this cigar, other than the pretty Red, White, and Blue artwork, was that it has two shades of wrapper. The entire cigar is wrapped in a dark Maduro, with a lighter band showing in a spiral shape along the length. While pretty, I wasn't sure how it would taste. So I lit up unsure of how this very pretty cigar would taste.
Wow. Something about the mixed wrapper — the flavor is just different, and it's good. There's an almost nutty flavor to it. It's not as full bodied as it looks, but in a good way. It seems to get a little lighter the further it goes on, but it never quite loses the nutty, almost coffee-but-with-nuts flavor. It's hard to describe; it's very, very smooth. The smoke is light and full of that good cigar smell, too. As it burns, of course, there is ash.
The ash was a good, strong ash — I didn't let it build up, as I was in the car, but what was there didn't want to fall off on it's own. I didn't end up with "ash crumbs" all over my shirt, which happens sometimes when having to forcibly ash a cigar — little bits stick around then snow down on you. But this didn't happen. The filler was long and strong.
Short little review this time, but the cigar is great. I highly recommend it.


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The issue with responsive websites on UHD and 4K displays
For the longest time, mobile displays, especially smartphones and small tablets, have been under the spotlight, as web design trends have finally shifted towards supporting a better mobile browsing experience on smaller touchscreens. With that said, the home entertainment industry is about to make the case for yet another wave of potential changes we might need to take into consideration, when hiring a professional web developer to build a responsive website for a business.
During Summer 2015, Apple has released the iMac 5K, as well as its entry level 4K iterations, whose display resolution is as much as four-five times the typical resolution most users are accustomed to when browsing the web. To most Apple users this comes as no surprise, as the Retina display is a technology that has been supporting higher than normal resolutions for a while, however, the way Apple has handled it, was to create a way to squeeze four times the pixels into the same resolution as an average laptop, instead of blowing up the actual resolution, which is why web browsing is not affected on Retina displays. The end result is sharper images, smoother video playback, and better color definition, with the added bonus of being able to implement cinema quality video formats.
Home entertainment on smart TVs, has also contributed in making the case for higher resolution of computer displays, as consumers demand increasingly sharper and higher resolutions when streaming movies or TV shows, particularly in cord-cutter territory.
While on tablets and smartphones, high resolution in web browsing is barely noticeable, due to the way mobile chips handle display scaling, on desktop displays things are a little different.
On a 4K display, for instance, the native resolution may fall anywhere between 3000x2000 and 3500x2500 pixels. This is not a big deal when watching movies, or playing games, if anything it makes it for a stunning experience, as long as you have the right GPU and a decent amount of memory.
Even the desktop UI elements, like the Windows taskbar, or the Apple menu, are designed to scale accordingly, to ensure that no matter how high the resolution is set, the operating system's UI elements scale accordingly to provide a comfortable user experience.
Web browsing, unfortunately, is an entirely different animal, which is why web development calls for responsive practices according to screen size and pixel density, to ensure a consistent experience across different devices.
In simple terms, there is no such thing as automatic display scaling for websites, aside from the browser's built-in zoom function, which, as the name suggests, has nothing to do with scaling, as much as it is merely a method to blow up a webpage to see it better, which, most of the times, is just a terrible idea.
Windows PC users who have recently upgraded to a 4K or 5K display, as rare as they may be, are likely to hit the roof, the first time they visit their favorite websites. The first thing that pops, is how much space is left on each side of a fixed-width website, which is essentially a website whose width remains the same past a certain display resolution.
For instance, opening a website which has a maximum width of 1024 pixels, on a 4K or 5K display, will make said website look ridiculously thin, with a ton of space on the left and right of the content, in spite of the fact that 1024 pixels is a widely accepted resolution recommended for most desktop devices.
The fact is that as more 4K and 5K displays reach regular consumers, the higher the chances will be, that the web browsing experience will be just as awkward as it used to be on a non-mobile responsive website displayed on the first high-resolution smartphone displays.
Modern websites need to take into consideration future trends, including larger screens, and this does not just entail the width of a website, or the height of headers, but everything else as well, including font size, dimensions of photos and illustrations, graphic elements like Canvas animations and web apps. No matter the screen size, users must be able to read the content, and experience it just as clearly as they would on mobile phones, or regular desktop screens.
Example of an HD-responsive website
While "HD-responsive" may not be a buzzword yet, the practice of making a website responsive towards giant screens, is just as important as it is for smaller screens. This is why the layout and interface size of websites built with Skyline Grid are built to scale up, just as well as they scale down.
If you are reading this on a ultra-high-definition display, like a 4K or 5K monitor, you may already notice how a website like SkylineGrid.com is designed to adjust proportionally on bigger screens, instead of turning into a horribly thin strip of content that is way too small to read.
Here is a fun experiment that even the less tech savvy user can do to better understand what's going on:
If you are using Google Chrome, right-click anywhere within this web page, and select "Inspect element". This will split the browser in two views, one it the regular website you are on now, and the other is a code view, showing the HTML parsed from this website by your browser.
If the split view is horizontal, you'll need to change it to vertical, by clicking on the three dots next to the X. This will open up a menu labeled "Dock Side". By clicking the little icon in the middle, with the horizontal split view image, the dock will change to a vertical position.
Once that's done, simply drag the dividing edge between this webpage and the code view, and watch as the site resizes automatically according to the size of the browser window.
On a high-definition display, this behavior can be observed changing beyond regular display sizes, to accommodate 4K, 5K or even higher resolutions.
For more information on responsive web design for high-resolution displays, and how to ensure that your website offers that experience to UHD users as well, send us an email or contact Skyline Grid by phone, at (408)307-9344.
How to solve the issue of responsive websites on high resolution desktop displays,
6th December, 2015
6th December, 2015
Post roll
• You hired a great developer: here is what you need to do, to get your moneys worth.
• Web design shouldnt be a product: it should be a service
• Taking online orders? Here is a crash course on the technology you need
• Three reasons you really want to build your own website, but probably shouldnt
• E-commerce: how much does it cost to sell online?
• Seven Tips on Writing Content for Business
• A perfect example of click bait in content marketing: Apple Pay
• This is why some payment processors are more expensive than others
• Content publishing and public opinion
• Websites pushing unwanted software are finally on Googles Blacklist
• This is why some people want you to believe that the World (Wide Web) is coming to an end.
• Does your business offer Robots on Demand?
• This is why i am a night-owl web developer
• Next Google Search update: Is your website expendable?
• Web hosting gone wrong? Here is three tell-tale signs.
• Three major advantages of built-to-order websites
• The issue with responsive websites on UHD and 4K displays
• Bye Bye MD5! Welcome Portable PHP Password Hashing!


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David Kleinert Photography has moved!
My photoblog "David Kleinert Photography" has moved to a new home at
I have really appreciated all the feedback I have recieved and hope that you will all keep visiting at my new URL. Also, if anyone has put a link to my site on their blog than you will need to update the link!
**It would be great to hear any feedback on my new site layout - there are still some small modifcations I need to do, so please tell me if anything isn't working/displaying right.
See you at my my new home!


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Qualitative Considerations and The UPS Store Franchise
This content was STOLEN from BrainMass.com - View the original, and get the solution, here!
Final decision will hinge on the reliability of the estimates; however, not all decisions are purely quantitative. What qualitative elements should you consider as you begin to formulate your decision on The UPS Store franchise opportunity?
Consider the following: In decision-making scenarios, risk pertains to known factors affecting profits that cannot be perfectly predicted but can be measured quantitatively. Meanwhile, uncertainty pertains to factors assumed to affect profits that cannot be predicted or measured quantitatively. The factors that represent uncertainty in a decision are qualitative in nature.© BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com September 20, 2018, 4:22 pm ad1c9bdddf - https://brainmass.com/business/capital-budgeting/qualitative-considerations-ups-store-franchise-454072
Solution Preview
Please see the attached file(s) for the complete tutorial. Thank you for the opportunity to be of assistance and of course, the opportunity to learn as well.
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Qualitative Considerations and The UPS Store Franchise
If investment decision making is purely based on quantitative considerations, life would be much simpler and everyone would be making more profits. Unfortunately, some investment decision factors, even the more important ones, are not quantifiable. As a matter of fact, Kocher ...
Solution Summary
Qualitative considerations and the UPS Store Franchise is examined.


text:
Some form of pain is easily treatable. Not forgetting that, with advances in modern pain management technique, we are more armed with an array of analgesics to combat the unwarranted nociceptive sensation. Nonetheless, while pain is ubiquitous to almost everyone – not all treatment is as straightforward as popping a painkiller.
Specifically, a complicated moral dilemma arises when treating potential drug abusers in whom conventional non-opioid analgesics do not work anymore. Should doctors prescribe opioid to manage their chronic severe pain? And should pharmacists fill and dispense opioid prescriptions without subjecting these people to excessive scrutiny and discrimination?
The modern moral dilemmaThere is no sign that the magnitude of the opioid crisis is easing. This is especially evident in the US, where President Trump has recently declared the opioid crisis as a public health emergency. The excessive demand for potent opioid analgesics – be it legally prescribed or obtained from the street – had taken its toll on Americans, and the country is looking for someone to blame.
Allegations were quickly thrown at doctors and their prescribing habits.
In a survey conducted by Fortune magazine, which polled the public about their views on the crisis, it was discovered that 19% of them believed doctors who over-prescribed opioid analgesics should shoulder the responsibility. The public opinion is not unfounded. A 2016 report released by the US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) revealed that – of the 11.8million opioid abusers in 2016 – more than 97% of the misuse cases were from prescription pain reliever.
Nonetheless, it will be too simple-minded of us to put the responsibility squarely on doctors. As discussed by Travis Rieder, a research scholar at the Berman Institute of Bioethics at Johns Hopkins University, there are, in reality, two public health crises: an opioid epidemic and the underlying pain crisis.
He wrote "if opioids prevent significant suffering from pain, then the solution to the prescription opioid problem cannot simply be to stop using them. To do so would be to trade one crisis (an opioid crisis) for another (a pain crisis)."
Patient's need for pain managementRieder also rightly pointed out that "patients are individuals, not data points, and risks of opioid therapy – as well as the risks of not providing pain relief – are not the same for everyone." Such argument, no doubt, will resonant well with many front-line doctors and pharmacists whose work are intimately related to caring for patients, including drug abusers.
A highly influential campaign initiated by the American Pain Society, known as "Pain, The Fifth Vital Sign", had largely swayed opinion among healthcare professionals on pain management. Since then, assessment and treatment of pain became routine and opioid were promoted as one of the possible treatment options for chronic pain.
In the face of debilitating pain, the guiding principle for doctors and other allied health professionals is "to do good" – beneficence that takes patients best interest as the treatment priority. When we run out of other treatment options, withholding opioid to potential patients, including those with potential to misuse drugs, who clearly demonstrate the need for pain relief may seem to go against that fundamental ideology.
Many may argue that the risk of prescribing opioids to this niche patient group is not justified given the current full-blown crisis. Any potential benefits to the patients appear minuscule against the backdrop of an epidemic.
The critical question, then, is how to accurately assess whether the patient is truly in need of an opioid analgesic or he/she is simply faking it for the sake of a few weeks' supply. Unfortunately, it is near impossible to precisely tell the difference between the two, and the issue has sparked lengthy and heated debates till this day.
Reasonable prescribingThere are calls for reasonable prescribing and constant vigilance from both clinicians and allied health professionals to combat excessive use of opioids, including opting for non-opioid pain management or only to prescribe opioid when it is absolutely necessary.
In the end, we should acknowledge that the opioid crisis has presented a sophisticated moral dilemma that could not be resolved easily. As we hold the power to dictate whether a patient in pain should deserve the next opioid prescription, we should do so with extra care. MIMS
Read more:
America's killer drug epidemic: How opioid overdose is (literally) 'killing' the nation
Tackling the opioid epidemic through education
Fentanyl: The newest drug addiction in the US is 100 times stronger than morphine


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Police Raid Meth Lab at Hotel in Walla Walla
Police in raided a Walla Walla motel to get to a methamphetamine lab
NW Rivers Swell from Snowpack
A unusually wet spring and higher than average snowpack are swelling rivers
Massive Fire at Melbourne Factory
A massive fire at a factory in Melbourne, Australia has been brought under control
Category: General News
Relations with the Middle East
WASHINGTON (AP) - The U.S. ambassador to the United Nations says the Obama administration needs more time to pursue a deal with Iran on nuclear weapons -- and needs to do so without new sanctions. Samantha Power tells "CBS This Morning" that one key obstacle is the "generations of suspicion" between the two countries. Many Republicans and Democrats in Congress have been pushing for tougher economic sanctions on Tehran, which denies it's trying to build nuclear weapons.


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Tower Rochester0.48 miles1 S Clinton AveRochester, NY 14604585-258-5888Branch with 2 ATMsATM Open 24 HoursLobby Hours
Mon-Fri 8:30 - 5:00 Sat-Sun ClosedAWest End1.07 miles36 Genesee StRochester, NY 14611585-436-7021Branch with 1 ATMLobby Hours Mon-Fri 8:30 - 6:00 Sat-Sun ClosedBST MARY'S HOSPITAL1.11 miles89 Genesse St-1st FlRochester, NY 14611ATM Only/No BranchATM Open 24 HoursCMonroe Ave1.40 miles560 Monroe AveRochester, NY 14607585-242-7833Branch with 2 ATMsATM Open 24 HoursLobby Hours Mon-Fri 8:30 - 6:00 Sat 9:00 - 2:00 Sun ClosedDFind help by phone
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text: June 3, 2009 Palliative Care Team Drs. St. Godard, Loiselle, Hohl and Pilkey Objectives By the end of the hour the learner will be able to: Define neuropathic pain List at least 2 types of Pain receptors List at least 4 different types of adjuvant pain medications List the mechanisms of action, benefits, and side-effects of these 4 medications List 2 new/different adjuvant pain medications Talk Outline Case Study – Dr. Ted St. Godard & Dr. Joel Loiselle Pathophysiology of Neuropathic Pain – Dr. Jana Pilkey Adjuvant Medications – Dr. Chris Hohl What's new/different in Neuropathic Pain – Dr. Jana Pilkey History Ms. G. D. 55 y.o with breast cancer Mets to bone Pain to left arm History 2 week hx of worsening pain Mid back – dull ache, Pressure Burning to L hand and arm Since 1997 brachial plexus neuropathy "Pins and needles" "Like dipped in acid" Morphine for 4 weeks not helping Cancer History Breast cancer dx 1997 Lumpectomy, tamoxifen x 2 yrs Mastectomy 1999 and LN dissection Oophorectomy 1999 Multiple courses of chemo 2008- mets to c-spine, ribs, sternum. Sept 2008 – Rx to spine Phx: PUD Physical Exam & Investigations Temp 37.2 Hr 100 Rr 18 Sao2 – 90% on RA BP 150/88 Lab work normal throughout Course in Hospital Admission orders: Methadone 5mg bid Dex 10mg bid Pariet 20mg po od Dilaudid 8 mg subcut q4h and q1prn Fentanyl 50 per IPP Course in Hospital Dec 30 Myoclonus noticed – hydrated Rotated to fentanyl patch Methadone increased Jan 14 CT head – mets to R cerebellum and R frontal lobe Pain better- on methadone 40 bid, dex 8 bid Starts 12 rdtx to whole brain Course in Hospital Jan 27 Pain Crisis Severe excruciating burning pain From neck to top of R shoulder Crying, screaming BT HM ineffective Slept with 5mg versed Methadone increased Ketamine added 2.5 mg subcut tid Pregabalin added 50mg bid Lidocaine 2% gel to shoulder qid prn Potentially useful Peripheral Nerve Block in this Case Interscalene block -Performed at root level -"Single shot" -only lasts 12 h. -Catheter techniques difficult to maintain (displacement). -Disease extent limits anesthetic flow. -Risk of bleeding /epidural hematoma is prohibitive in this case. Neuraxial (Intraspinal) blocks Epidural: comparable to bilateral peripheral nerve block catheter outside dura would be placed at C7/T1 Intrathecal = Spinal catheter enters CSF in lumbar cistern can be guided to high thoracic level as required for upper limb pain Contraindications to Neuraxial Analgesia in this Case - Extent of Disease involving C-spine: - Risk of epidural hematoma if needle at C7-T1. - Poor CSF flow impedes spread of analgesics - Brain Metastasis: - Posterior Fossa- increased risk of "coning" - Relative contraindication Remember coagulopathy (Plt <100; INR >1.3) and need for ongoing anticoagulation are contraindications. Course in Hospital Consult to Dr J. Loiselle Nerve-block or epidural too risky given fragility of spine and cerebellar mets Jan 28 Pain continues On Methadone 60mg bid Starts fentanyl 50mcg/hr IV HM stopped – twitching Ketamine 5 mg subcut tid Course in Hospital Jan 28 Family concerned about sedation on fentanyl Jan 29 RR 7 - fentanyl stopped, Pain again severe Fentanyl IV not restarted at family request Ativan started Jan 30 – Mini Case conference Ketamine IV @ 2.5mg/hr Gabapentin being lowered Course in Hospital Jan 31-Feb 5 – good pain control Feb 6 – weepy and tired, pain with movement Feb 9 – increase in ketamine IV 3.52mg/hr Feb 13 – increase in ketamine IV 6mg/hr Feb 17 – decrease po intake – deteriorating – ketamine 7.5mg/hr Course in Hospital Feb 19 – pt wishes she could sleep until death – tired of trying to "hold the pain in" Feb 23 – unresponsive Feb 26 – prognosis hrs to days/ discussed sedation Feb 28 – difficulty maintaining sedation Mar 4 – died sedated and comfortable What is Neuropathic Pain? Pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system Characterized by : Burning, Tingling, Electric ,Shooting Pain Pain Receptors A delta Mechanical sensation eg. Cut, prick C fibres Diffuse, respond to many stimuli Burning sensation Sleeping receptors Active in injured tissue only Acquire mechanical sensitivity (Almeida 2004) Nociceptors Damaged tissue releases: Serotonin, Substance P, Bradykinin, Prostaglandin Involved in acute & chronic pain Influenced by endorphins Sensitization Can be a tissue level (primary) or At CNS level (secondary) Results in: threshold of activation after injury intensity of a response to a noxious stimulus emergence of spontaneous activity (Aguggia 2003) Sensitization Primary sensitization Sympathetic activity and Inflammatory Mediators (Chong 2003) Secondary sensitization CNS changes in spinal cord and brain NMDA receptors activated "Wind-up" = increased amplitude and frequency summation in neurons after prolonged stimulation (Chong 2003) Blocked by NMDA antagonists, anti-inflammatories (McHugh 2000) The Dorsal Root Ganglion Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) 40-60% efficacy for partial relief (NNT~2.5-3) Start 10-25 mg/d and 10-25mg each week Best effects: 50-150 mg/day Mechanism: NE & 5HT reuptake blockade +/- NMDA antagonism, +/- Na channel blockade Anticholinergic effects Secondary amine better tolerated Selective Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) Duloxetine Venlafaxine NNT ~4-5 (~7 for SSRI) Start 37.5 mg/day Start & efficacious @ 60mg/day Increase by 37.5 mg weekly Effective @ 150-225 mg/d Antidepressant & anxiolytic Favorable side effect profile Limited long term data Lower doses – results inconsistent Short vs XR preps ά2-δ Ligands (Gabapentinoids) Bind to ά2-δ subunit of voltage gated Ca channels glutamate, NE, substance P release NNT ~3.5-4.5 Gabapentin Pregabalin No drug interactions Similar side effects to gaba Start 50-150mg divided Q8-12H Few drug interactions Dizziness & sleepiness Exacerbate cognitive impairment Start 100-300mg TID Titrate to 1800-3600 mg/d Peak effect in >2 weeks Titrate 50-150mg/day weekly Goal 300-600 mg/d in 1-2 weeks Peak effect in 2 weeks Opioids 20-30% pain reduction, NNT ~2.5 Provides rapid relief Rapid titration No ceiling effect Multiple forms & delivery methods More side effects than 1st line treatments Risk of misuse and abuse (5%) Methadone μ-receptor agonist + NMDA antagonist Very long half-life, variable in individuals Slow titration: start 2.5mg TID Increase 50-100% every 48-72 hours ~5:1 to ~30:1 morphine equivalency (depending on dose) Little literature support, ++ practical support NMDA Antagonists Ketamine Start 2.5-5mg PO TID Titrate by 50-100% dose to 1-2 mg/kg/day Start IV infusion @ 0.05-0.1mg/kg/hr IV bolus @ 0.1-0.2 mg/kg/dose over 20 minutes No NNT data Poor performance in studies, good efficacy in practice Topical or gargle preparations possible *opioid sparing effects Other/New Things to Try IV Lidocaine And po Mexilitine Cochrane Review 2005 Good quality evidence in neuropathic pain Both decrease VAS by 11 on 1-100 scale 47% of people in trials had a 30% decrease in pain (22% in placebo) 35% had Side –effects Numbness, dizziness, fatigue, metallic taste Authors conclude similar efficacy to other adjuvants and good safety profile Other/New Things to Try Capsaicin – High dose patch in PHN (640mcg/cm2) 1 – 60 min application Lasts up to 12 weeks Mean decrease in pain score of 29.6% Side-effects – Pain and erythema at site (Backonja – Lancet Neurology, 2008) Cannabis – Sativex - Neuropathic pain with Allodynia Improvements of 1.43 on 10 point VAS Good safety profile – SE include GI upset & drowsiness (Nurmikko – Pain 2007) Other/New Things to Try Intrathecal Ziconotide N-type Ca Channel blocker (NCCB) Median dose 6.48mcg/day Improved VASPI scores in 53.1% Decreased opioid usage in 9% Very expensive Side Effects: Memory loss, dizziness, nystagmus, somnolence, gait, CK rise (Pommer - J Pain Symptom – 2009) A Comparison of Adjuvants Drug NNT Titration Notes Side Effects TCA 2.5-3 2-15 wks Antidepressant, cheap Anticholinergic Duloxetine 4-5 none Anxiolytic, antidepressant few Venlafaxine 4-5 3-5 wks Antidepressant few Gabapentin 3.5-4.5 1.5-6 mo Min drug interactions Dizzy/sleepy Pregabalin 3.5-4.5 1-2 wks Min drug interactions Dizzy/sleepy Methadone ? variable Opioid, cheap Opioid, drug interactions Ketamine ? 1-4 wks Opioid sparing Hallucinations Tramadol 3.8 4-8 wks For Diabetes, PHN Anticholinergic Carbamezapine 1.7 1-4 wks For Trigeminal neuralgia Drug interactions Lidocaine/Mexilitine 4 none IV trial then po Cardiac, neurologic Capsaicin ? none/days Topical Burning, redness Cannabinoids ? none/days For MS, allodynia GI, drowsiness Clonidine ? none/days Effective IT, topical Hypotension Summary/Objectives By the end of the hour the learner will be able to: Define neuropathic pain List at least 2 types of Pain receptors List at least 4 different types of adjuvant pain medications List the mechanisms of action, benefits, and side-effects of these 4 medications List 2 new/different adjuvant pain medications Recommended References 1. 2. 3. Cruccum, G. Treatment of painful neuropathy. Current Opions in Neurology. 2007; 20; 531-535. Dworkin, R. et al. Pharmacologic management of neuropathic pain: evidence-based recommendations. Pain. 2007; 132; 237-251. Gilron, I. et al. Neuropathic pain: a practical guide for the clinician. CMAJ. 2006; 175(3); 265-275.


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CAIRO – Egypt's High Election Commission says 26.6 percent of voters participated in the first round of parliamentary elections earlier this week.
In a televised statement Wednesday night, it said that the majority of seats will now head to a runoff vote, which is scheduled to begin next Tuesday.
It said that For the Love of Egypt, one of the main pro-government parties, scored well in southern Egypt and the Western Nile Delta areas.


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Arctic Silver Fox Edition 29-5K
Northwood Mfg. offers this Arctic Silver Fox Edition 29-5K wide body fifth wheel with two slides, a rear kitchen, a front bedroom, plus more!
The combined living/kitchen/dining area is opened up with a slide out. As you enter, a closet is on your right. Past the center steps, an entertainment center with a TV is along this front wall.
Continuing around, the slide out provides a jackknife sofa with overhead cabinets and a free standing dinette with four chairs.
The kitchen is in the rear of the fifth wheel and continues around the corner onto the curbside wall. It offers a large refrigerator, a three burner range, a double sink, and a u-shaped counter. Overhead cabinets run across the full rear wall, around the corner, and along the side wall up to the door. Just beyond the kitchen counter, you find two swivel chairs for additional seating. There is also a ceiling fan mounted in the center of the room for air movement.
Move forward, up the center stairs, to a split bathroom with a private toilet area on your right. There is a corner shower, a vanity sink, and a medicine cabinet on your left.
The bedroom includes a queen bed with optional nightstands within a slide. You may also choose a king size bed as the contents of the slide if you would like. Along the front wall, there is a sliding mirror wardrobe, and another angled wardrobe or a washer/dryer closet. A dresser is along the wall opposite the bed for even more storage, and so much more!Have a question about this floorplan?Contact Us
Sleeps 4 Slides 2 Length 35 ft 2 in Ext Width 8 ft 6 in Ext Height 13 ft 5 in Interior Color Solitaire Azul, Elegant Truffle, Early Autumn Hitch Weight 2663 lbs Gross Weight 16600 lbs Dry Weight 11208 lbs Cargo Weight 5392 lbs Fresh Water Capacity 82 gals Grey Water Capacity 102 gals Black Water Capacity 65 gals Tire Size ST235/85R16 Furnace BTU 35000 btu Available Beds Queen Refrigerator Size 10 cu ft Cooktop Burners 3 Number of Awnings 1 Axle Weight 8545 lbs LP Tank Capacity 80 lbs. Water Heater Capacity 10 gal. Water Heater Type DSI Gas/Electric AC BTU 13500 btu TV Info 40" LED Awning Info Carefree Travel'R 12V Axle Count 2 Shower Type Standard
Similar Fifth Wheel Floorplans
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Connect your congregation to public schools using the Community Schools model and Site-based Decisionmaking Teams. Our faith communities are full of parents and school volunteers. So let's raise our voices for equity in education! Open to people of all faiths and cultural backgrounds.
Back to All Events
Earlier Event: June 4LIVE FREE Canvass on DART
Later Event: June 18Civic Engagement Canvass


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Thursday, August 20, 2009
#175-365 Logs
Well maybe this should be subtitled "Afters". This is a shot of the woodchop section of the Redcliffe Showgrounds following our recent show, The stands that you can see all in a row are where the Logs are held in place while sundry individuals assault them with axes. The last Woodchop competition that I attended (Atherton North Queensland)there was a young 23 year old who thought he was the greatest thing since sliced bread, but on the day he came up against a former, World Champion who in spite of being 72 years old looked in good nick to me, and as the bookies were offering 10 -1 against him winning, I thought it was worth a $20 bet, and really it was the easiest $200 I ever made cause I didn't even need to lift the axe. The old guy had finished and was just licking the paper on his rollie when the young guy came back to earth - With a Thud!
Posted by Ron a.k.a. Danudin at 8:36 AM
8 comments:
- Chesney said...
Now that is funny, looks can be deceiving...
- August 20, 2009 at 12:20 PM
- Kim said...
Great shot! And glad you could prove that youth isn't everything!
- August 20, 2009 at 1:38 PM
Nice story of a wanna be getting his comeuppance! And good photo as well.
- August 20, 2009 at 5:25 PM
- Pysen73 said...
*lol* Great story (as always)!
- August 20, 2009 at 7:21 PM
- Sherrie said...
Hi Ron,
Great Shot!! Goes to prove age isn't everything. Being "old" is sometimes better! Have a great day!
- August 21, 2009 at 1:20 AM
Sliced bread is quite overrated. Great interpretation of this theme!
- August 22, 2009 at 11:47 AM
- Clara said...
Cool story. I would love to see that competition.
- August 24, 2009 at 11:49 AM
- lijola said...
Neat approach to theme. I saw one of these contests on tv once, dangerous!
- August 25, 2009 at 1:02 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text: Harsh Review - Game of Thrones Episode 2 Posted by Wiggles on Wednesday, 4 February 2015 My favourite story driven graphic glitch-fest of a game is back with a new episode. This time with a bonus round of crappy crossbow shooting! Ok, so that was extremely harsh. A lot of things in this game actually did impress me. I will try to review it the best I can without spoiling the story.Tags: game of thronesepisode 2telltalereview


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Make a bold statement in the office with this crisp buttoned-collar dress shirt by Jay and Leonard. This 60/40 blend is perfect to wear in any profession.
- 60/40 Cotton/Poly
- Button down collar
- Long sleeves with extended placket with button through closure
- One button adjustable rounded cuff
- Open patch pocket


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Friendship Club
- 7200 N Osceola Ave
- Chicago
- 60631
- 773.631.4127
- 773.631.4150
Miscellaneous Information
This lively club ministers to seniors by offering the opportunity to get together socially and learn about various subjects and events. Activities include: speakers on current topics, luncheons, outings to plays and riverboats, we play bingo and enjoy coffee and sweets together. Historically, the club has supported St. Juliana School— some members are even graduates! We pray together, socialize together and respond to any needs our seniors may have. They remain active in the parish community as Eucharistic ministers, ushers, ministers of care and many other parish organizations.
Meetings: The 2nd Thursday of the month beginning at 1:30pm. Anyone 50+ is welcome to join.


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As I grow older I find more pleasure in cafes than bars that were my absolute joy while I was younger. *Thinks* This sounds like a statement my forty year old self would say, have I slowed down that much? Sigh..
I was drawn to L'auteur because of the artistry. The way wood is creatively used to make the place beautiful. I suggested it for a meeting with a friend who is like me in many ways. We were both impressed at the entrance by the appearance of the space.We rushed to the big couch for a proper chill. We ordered for tea (which is kept warm by a candle) that we sipped amidst lots of laughter before we headed over to the book section which did not have only books but magazines too (Heaven). I got soaked in a Cosmo mag and before we knew it we were hungry. I ordered a Caesar salad and Bus ordered a club sandwich with wedges. The bits and pieces of the salad were cut and severed in right proportions which is key to a well made salad. Bus enjoyed his sandwich which I would have had a portion of if not for my intolerance to gluten. I had some of his wedges that were absolutely delish. I almost forgot to mention that the music selection is en pointé.
We wound up spending over 6 hours at this cozy cafe. L'auteur is not just a cafe, it is an experience.


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Air-conditioning has been remarkably good at creating demand for itself. It enabled the sweeping postwar development of the South, where all new single-family houses today include central air. In automobiles, it made the commutes between air-conditioned homes and air-conditioned offices possible. In the Southwest, its arrival facilitated new methods of rapid construction, replacing conventional building designs that once naturally withstood the region's desert climate.
By doing all of this, air-conditioning has contributed to the intensive energy demand that worsens climate change that, well, forces us to rely on air-conditioning. It's a feedback loop that environmental advocates fear.
And so here we are, in 2017, with temperatures racing past 100 degrees in the Pacific Northwest, the region of the country that has historically relied the least on air-conditioning. And now more people, even there, are installing the technology.
"The last -- ay yi yi -- 3 1/2 to maybe 5 years, it seemed that I've either lost tolerance of sleeping in the heat or it's just been hotter," said Susan Krummann, who lives outside Portland, Ore. She's the service manager for a heating and air-conditioning company there. But she, of all people, gave in to an installation only in late June. "I'm 55, and I deserve a little comfort," she said.
Decades after air-conditioning made much of the Sun Belt livable, it has now become standard almost everywhere. Eighty-six percent of new single-family houses in the Northeast are now built with it; 94 percent in the Midwest are. Parts of the United States where development never depended on air-conditioning increasingly resemble the regions where growth wouldn't have been possible without it.
"Air-conditioning is reaching where it hasn't reached before," said Don Prather, the technical services manager with the Air Conditioning Contractors of America. "It's been moving north and northwest, in every direction."
After the 1950s, air-conditioning enabled not just the construction of millions of Southern houses but also the economic development of the South. It made possible industrial work such as printing, food processing and electrical manufacturing that would be hard to manage in sweltering heat. And it created the possibility for white-collar jobs in mechanically cooled office buildings.
"It's hard to imagine that, say, Birmingham would be a big center of health care industry, or that Atlanta would have the world's busiest airport, or that Jacksonville would be a center for insurance if people were sitting under ceiling fans in hot, humid offices," said Stan Cox, who coordinates agricultural research at the Land Institute in Salina, Kan. He wrote a 2012 book about our reliance on air-conditioning.
Southern cities that boomed in the era of air-conditioning typically did not have the transit systems of older, Northeastern cities such as New York and Boston. But even car commutes there have their own air-conditioned rationale: People are willing to cope with the traffic created by sprawl because their cars are air-conditioned.
Urban scholar Robert Fishman surveyed regional-planning historians about the top influences on the U.S. metropolis in the second half of the 20th century. The list included air-conditioning, but also interstate highways, cars, enclosed shopping malls, sprawl and mass-produced suburban tract houses. "If you think about it," Cox said, "air-conditioning was involved in all of those becoming even feasible or popular."
Thanks to these patterns, Atlanta, Dallas, Miami and Phoenix boomed as people began migrating out of the Northeast and Midwest.
"Phoenix is a relatively recent city; it was just a stop on the highway to the West before air-conditioning," said Prem Sundharam, who is based in Phoenix and is a specialist in sustainable design with the architecture and engineering design firm DLR Group, based in Phoenix. In 1950, barely 100,000 people lived in the city. Today, 1.5 million do.
But during that time, Sundharam says, the region strayed from the types of "passive design" and concrete-block exteriors that once made the desert's large daily temperature swings tolerable (if not entirely pleasant). Air-conditioning enabled faster wooden housing construction.
And in offices, central air systems demanded that buildings be sealed off from the outside. Windows couldn't be opened even if you wanted to -- requiring people, again, to turn up the air-conditioning.
"With the advent of air-conditioning, we lost a lot of the common sense," said Kirk Teske, the chief operating officer at Dallas-based HKS Architects. He worries that regions such as the Northeast might lose it, too, setting up future challenges for office workers and residents when blackouts or other natural disasters come. "I sometimes say the best sustainably minded architects are all dead now," Teske said. "They're the ones [who] were able to do these big buildings knowing they had to do so without the benefits of air-conditioning systems."
It's clear in census data that older buildings are the least likely to be air-conditioned, and that regions that developed the earliest have the most such housing. Window units now fill some of that gap. Robert Dietz, the chief economist for the National Association of Home Builders, estimates that about 3.6 million detached single-family houses built in the United States since 1973 have been upgraded to include central air.
Today, even many condominiums rising in perennially cool San Francisco include central air. That's happening as the city sees more high-rise apartments directly exposed to the sun toward the south and west, said Alan Mark, who runs a real estate marketing and consulting firm. Most new housing, he adds, is also rising in the sunniest parts of the city.
In Portland and Seattle last week, a record-breaking heat wave has been changing expectations, too. Washington, Oregon and California together have long had the lowest rates of air-conditioning of any census division in the country. In 1990, just a third of households there used central air or window units. Now twice as many do.
Eloise Younie, who lives in a 65-year-old southwest Portland home with her family, said she had resisted air-conditioning because of the financial and environmental costs of a unit. But future heat spikes, she said, might make her rethink her approach.
"If this becomes the new normal, then maybe I'm going to have to reconsider some things," she said on a day when the temperature reached 103 in Portland. "Right now, it's not really feasible logistically," she said. "I can survive with fans and open windows once the sun goes down and the breeze comes up."
She was not especially surprised to hear of the Pacific Northwest's rising interest in air-conditioning. She expected some of it could be traced to people moving to Oregon from more air-conditioning-dependent parts of the country.
"We get a lot of people from California moving up here," she said. "And I'm sure it's unfathomable for them to think, 'Oh wow, I don't have air-conditioning up here.'"
. . . . . . .
Story by Emily Badger in San Francisco and Alan Blinder in Portland, Ore.


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Not updated on over a year?
Reader comment on item: Dubai's Dramatic Drop
Submitted by Ernest Lane (United States), Feb 26, 2009 at 09:04
I followed the link to the tallest building -- and the last update was on 1/9/08. That alone says a lot.
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Fancy in San Francisco
Normally, I reach over and swat my phone 5 yards away in anger. But today? I gladly turned off the chime and popped out of bed like a poptart. My glam squad was scheduled to arrive at 6 and I wanted to be ready to go. Today was the big Catherine's photoshoot, and I couldn't WAIT to get started!View Post


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Constraint Layout
Dimension Constraints
In this lesson, we will explore how to size views in
ConstraintLayout. We will review the different types of dimension constraints: fixed, wrap content, and match constraint.
Match constraint is a
ConstraintLayout-specific dimension value which takes the place of
match_parent, while having its own particular behavior. We will talk about how match constraint works as well as how to specify match constraint and they other dimension values in the Layout Editor and in XML.
Lessons in Constraint Layout
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Text is in English. Part of the Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture book series. Inscription and signature from author, reads 'For E--- & B---, Not less because in purple I descended...not less was I myself. With love, Joan 2.20/07. From Twas at the Palaz of Hoon. Wallace Stevens.'
Size: H: 9", W: 6", D: .75"
Pages are clean and unmarked. Binding is intact. Cover shows light edge wear and bumped corners. A very nice copy of this item.
Unless otherwise noted, all photos on this page are of the actual product and are property of Firefly Bookstore. If you need additional photos before purchasing, please contact us.


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Blue Cross & Blue Shield of MS Foundation Awards Project Fit America Program to Oak Park
Supporting Mississippi's schools, communities, colleges and universities in their efforts to make our state healthy is the goal of the Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Mississippi Foundation. Since 2005, the Foundation has awarded grant funding to schools across the state for the installation of fitness equipment and supporting health curricula. Recently, the Foundation added 32 more schools to this list, including Oak Park Elementary School of Laurel, bringing the total to 240 schools and more than $6 million in grant funding.
The grant will provide health and fitness equipment and curricula obtained from the Project Fit America organization. Oak Park Elementary will host its ribbon-cutting ceremony at its campus on Friday, October 27, 2017 at 1 p.m.
"Educating our young people in every area is our top priority. We realize the importance of exposing them to physical education to produce healthy leaders of tomorrow. Realizing that the state obesity rate in Mississippi is at an all time high, this new Project Fit Program will allow us to empower our students with knowledge and the fuel of understanding to diminish the plague against obesity," said Oak Park Principal Tito Lanier.
The Project Fit America Program includes indoor and outdoor P.E. equipment, training for teachers, curricula and lesson plan support supplies. The outdoor equipment is specifically designed to address upper body, lower body, abdominal strength, cardiovascular endurance and flexibility for children.
The freestanding structures of seven fitness stations are permanently installed outdoors on the school grounds. The indoor equipment includes 1,000 "cardio cups" which are used for teamwork, challenge and cooperative cardiovascular activities. Also included are sport hoops, medicine balls and stability balls, providing weighted activity options that support upper body strength, cardio and abdominal training and development providing weighted activity options that support upper body strength, cardio and abdominal training and development.
The Project Fit America Program is designed to align with the state-mandated policy of 150 minutes of physical activity each week and to help students develop the knowledge, skills, and confidence needed to be physically active for a lifetime.
"The health and wellness of our students is vital to the future of Mississippi," said Sheila Grogan, Executive Director of the Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Mississippi Foundation. "We are confident Oak Park Elementary School students will benefit from this program and from making health and fitness a regular part of their lives."
The Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Mississippi Foundation provides targeted funding throughout the state of Mississippi, focusing on interests related to health programs for schools, colleges and universities, and communities. You can learn more at www.healthiermississippi.org.


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tangedco.gov.in Check Electricity Bill Status and Pay Bill Online in Chennai
Check Electricity Bill Status and Pay Bill Online in Chennai:
In order to know the electricity bill status or make a payment you need to know the service number/consumer number. The service number is in the format like XXX-XXX-XXX (for example 121 005 005). This will be available in your previous bill or the old EB card as SC No. In Chennai you need to know the Chennai Circle in which your district falls in. Again this can be found in the previous bill or your card or by just knowing which part(North/South/East/West) of Chennai your area falls under. To know more about this kindly read below:
Web Portal : http://www.tangedco.gov.in/index1.php?tempno=1
Important Guidelines for Online Payment :
a. Those who are new users can sign up through this Web Page for payment of CC charges through Credit or Debit cards or through Net Banking. The consumer needs to sign up once for registration.This requires a valid Consumer ID and an e-mail account.
b. With valid e-mail ID & Consumer Number one can easily select a unique username for entering the web site.
c. On successful completion of registration requirements, an e-mail is generated to the consumer for successful validation of e-mail ID. A small click on the link in the e-mail will lead to user log in screen.
d. The user shall log in and key in his authenticated password for making payments through web site.
e. Consumer number or username for which registration has been made cannot be modified and if required, the user can be deleted through the support link and a fresh registration can be made.
f. One user can permanently register for many Consumer Numbers using "Add Consumer No" button and shall pay during the corresponding collection cycle for the respective consumer.Every consumer number has to be individually selected for making payment.
g. A print of the e-receipt could be generated.
h. The changes in consumer number and e-mail ID and other personal particulars could be carried out using "Update Profile" button.
i. The user may change his passwords frequently for security purposes using "Change Password" button.
j. A "Forget password" link is available for generating e-mail to the registered mail-id which shall furnish the current password.
Online Bill Status:
a. Choose your Region.
b. Enter the Service Number.
c. Click on Proceed Button.
Kindly Note : Please enter the Service Number as shown below
For example 121 5 5 has to be entered as 121 005 5
About us :
The Government of India, MoP have announced to provide "Power for all by 2012". To achieve this, Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution corporation limited is making progress in Generation and Distribution sector. It is our pleasure to inform that the electrification of all villages and towns were successfully completed and also electrification of all households are under progress.
Contact Address:
Tamil Nadu Generation And Distribution Corporation Ltd
NPKRR Maaligai,
144,Anna Salai, Chennai – 600 002.


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Sub Menu
Capabilities overview
Innovation and flexibility
Products and Services
BBsys has developed a new range of QuarryVision signboards developed specifically for quarry and mining applications.
Featuring bright large scale digital displays, the signboards can either be integrated into existing SCADA control systems, or run from a stand-alone PC workstation.
Providing accurate loading location information, the signboards save time and increase safety levels as drivers do not have to leave their vehicle cabs. They can be used in all sizes and types of plant, but are particularly beneficial where a large number of lorry loading points exist on a site.
Visible up to 100 metres away, the signboards also ease traffic management problems and can display up to 4 lines of 12 characters, meaning that detailed information can be displayed clearly.
Please click image to enlarge


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For readers that experience it every day, parenting is the most important, most fun, arduous, annoying, rewarding, thankless, and thankful job anyone who experiences it will ever experience. You're responsible for shaping and moulding a little boy or girl into an upstanding and hopefully outstanding member of society. Considering the countless droves of people who have come before you, everyone is going to have some opinion pertaining to you and your parenting skills.
If you ever feel perturbed by possible judging eyes, then bring up this list on your phone and shove it in their judgy little face and tell them "at least I'm not doing #____, depending on how old you are, maybe that's what your parents did for you, which would explain a whole lot."
Or if you're not into public confrontation with complete strangers, you can just read this list and snicker, or cringe in terror at some terrifying normal parenting pictures of the past.
15 Baggage Claim Babies
A few years back, there was a cute little picture that went viral – it was a mother who brought her twin babies on an airplane ride and took the time to make everyone that was going to ride the skyways with her a welcome package that had a little note, apologizing in advance for any possible tantrums her babies might have, and earplugs.
As frustrating as traveling with your baby might be, they pretty much have to sit on your lap for the entire duration of the flight, think about how much the experience might be better if you could put the rugrat into a Sky Cot? You've never heard of a Sky Cot? It's awesome. It's baggage claim for your baby! You hook a little cot onto the overhead baggage compartments of the plane. So now your lap is clear and you as a parent are free to roam around the plane without having to carry your kid with you.
Let's just hope the kid doesn't find a way to escape the flimsy safety net or get smashed by suitcases if the flight hits turbulence.
14 Baby Walker
There are people who subscribe to the theory that everything should happen when it's time – the baby will say its first words in time, they'll roll over on their tummies when it's time, stand, sit, crawl, use the potty; all of life's early milestones will happen when the baby itself is ready to do it. In other words, don't force any issue as far as development goes.
But that theory isn't for everyone. In the September 1939 issue of Popular Science magazine, we would meet a Swiss engineer who decided it would be much easier to just teach the kid to walk by himself, by strapping the child to some strange looking instrument of torture – although he probably thought it wasn't torture. Pairs of wooden arms would be strapped to the baby's legs and the other end to mom or dad's legs. There was a harness connected to a pulley on an overhead wire that would hold baby upright when taking its first momentous steps.
Clearly, the Baby Walker didn't catch fire, but perhaps future puppeteers in Hollywood like Ray Harryhausen and Jim Henson got ideas for larger puppets using this contraption.
13 Bad Seeds Need Lobotomies
From the terrible twos and troublesome threes and angst-ridden teenage years, the brains and thought patterns of our children have confounded us since the beginning of time. While in the past 30-40 years or so, we just bring our kids to a psychiatrist to talk with and draw pictures for the shrinks to try and decipher what's going on in their little precious minds.
But before that, when we'd bring a supposed problem child to the doctor, the quacks would suggest a good old fashioned lobotomy. Why not have a piece of their brain removed before it's completely finished developing, in favor of a more docile child?
Howard Dully wrote an article for the Guardian where, in grim detail he speaks about Dr. Walter Freeman giving him a lobotomy at 12 years old, by shoving an icepick into his orbital socket. His father and stepmother decided to admit him to a private hospital for his supposed unruliness. Dully details how he felt about the ghastly procedure, "I was in a mental fog, I was like a zombie; I had no awareness of what Freeman had done."
12 Leave Your Baby Alone In The Bathtub
Anyone and everyone (even if you've read Good Dog Carl) know full damn well, never, ever, ever leave your kid alone in the bathtub. Horror stories of babies slipping, cracking their head open or worse, drowning, have been heard over the years– so clearly common sense is not a trait shared by all parents around the world.
For those of us who don't have common sense or just want to be lazy and tempt fate, head to eBay or Craigslist and find the old Baby Safety Belt. Now you can strap little Jane or Bobby in after getting the bath ready. Just prop them up, strap them in, hand them a rubber ducky and then go do whatever you need to do, it's the perfect product for the parent who just can't stand baby bath time.
The safety bar uses the same technology as the shower bar that you twist to fasten, and since that never moves once secured, surely your baby's life would never be in jeopardy here.
11 Baby Gas Tank Strollers
The badass picture above would be awesome cover art to a King Diamond album, or some other crazy Black Metal group. However this is actually a picture from a parent in World War II era London pushing her kid around in what might look like a lil' baby coffin is actually, quite possibly the only stroller in the history of mankind that would survive nuclear holocaust – take that Graco!
Thanks to the Blitz bombings of London in 1940, the British government began to issue gas masks to every man, woman, and child in order for the Brits to get on with their day under the slogan (seriously) "Keep Calm and Carry On," and the Brits began to love life wearing gas masks. Because the Brits would never allow their way of life to be compromised by constant bombing.
So as terrifying as this picture is, it might be the only one on this list that actually makes sense if your society is being threatened by constant bombings.
10 Pictures Of Dead Kids
There is a tradition in Indonesia, where every three years the living will dig up their loved ones, take some pictures with them, and have a festival before putting them back in the ground. The Ma'nene Festival is thought to have been started by a hunter who stumbled across a corpse, dressed and gave it a proper burial.
Perhaps the guy got the quirky idea from what wealthy people used to do with their deceased loved ones and their brand new cameras. Back during the Victorian Era, it was fairly common and not at all as creepy sounding and looking as this looks – but you would take a picture with your dearly departed loved one as a memento.
While this was common practice for all ages, imagine forcing your living little ones to pose with their dead baby brother or sister. Imagine the horror show trying to convince your kid to smile while snuggling with their recently deceased sibling or standing in line with your other brothers and sisters while you're dead one is being propped up like a morbid family Christmas card.
9 Radio Stroller
Have you been to the park lately? Little boys and girls are luckily still running around and finding ways to communicate and play with one another and hopefully make friends for life. All the while mommies and daddies are plugging away on their cell phones devoid of any interest in what their kid is doing.
While we might think this a fairly new trend, people have been inventing all kinds of ways to stay stimulated while watching your child, like this tedious looking bit from the early 20th century. It seems that more or less from the inception of the radio, inventors had been trying to figure out ways to make it portable.
The Radio Stroller was invented in 1921 and was fitted with a radio, antenna, and loudspeaker all designed to keep the baby quiet while you sat outside or inside or wherever. More likely than not, it was probably used to just drown babies out instead of keep them quiet.
8 And You Thought Dangling A Baby Was Bad? – Outside Baby Cages
Let's never discount the musical genius of one Michael Joseph Jackson. Let's also never forget how controversial the King of Pop was at times. How about the time he dangled his newborn baby from a window to show all of his fans his new bundle of joy? Now rewind the clock several years, put the kid in the same kind of cage you might place an Air Conditioner in and the late great artist seems fairly tame.
Nowadays if you looked up at big city high rise windows and if you saw a toddler crawling around in a "Baby Cage," you'd be on the phone with 911 and there'd be a Fire Department Hook and Ladder en route as you were spitting out the address.
According to an 1884 book, The Care and Feeding of Children, by Luther Emmett, babies needed to be aired out (guess he didn't like new baby smell) and 28 years later – wammo – the Baby Cage was invented and implemented in London to "renew and purify" a baby's blood. Before you go and criticize common sense in 1920s England, remember something everyone is doing now for their children will be looked down upon several years down the road.
7 No Cuddling
There are about a thousand and three reasons to snuggle and cuddle with your baby – it increases closeness, it gives warmth, and quite frankly they're so friggin' cute – how could you not?
Through the ages though, there are seemingly the same exact amount of reasons to actually NOT touch your kid (no wonder they always look so unhappy in old timey pictures). In a parenting book from 1916, The Mother and Her Child, by Drs. Lena and William Sadler seem to think barely acknowledging the baby, let alone cuddling with your bundle of joy could be detrimental.
"Handle the baby as little as possible. Turn it occasionally from side to side, feed it, change it, keep it warm, and let it alone." All to not spoil a newborn, heaven forbid it felt loved. Odd little parenting nugget aside, the no cuddling policy would find its way even into McCarthyism in the 1960s.
According to Walter Sackett's wisdom in the 1962 book Bringing Up Babies, "If we teach our offspring to expect everything to be provided on demand, we must admit the possibility that we are sowing the seeds of socialism." You get Commie kids from cuddling, who would have thought – perhaps your grandparents.
6 Neck Brush
It's going to be really interesting to see which baby products from today are looked it in the future as terrifying instruments of torture. This device looks right out of a bad science fiction movie of the time (and perhaps some prop master re-purposed it for just that), but it was actually something to help keep your little tyke's neck clean while they were playing outside.
The look on poor Johnny's face in the picture though suggests that this device was likely scaring kids from going outside, if they had to wear this garish monstrosity. According to a Business Insider article, the brush is made of plastic and will dry clean your kid's neck while they play and the product was developed at the behest of a mother's suggestion by the L.A. Brush Corporation.
Clearly, it was lazy mother's request, too lazy to lift her kid's head clean his neck.
5 No Thumbsucking
Eventually it's a habit that a lot of toddlers need help stopping. When they're too old for a pacifier, the typically might start sucking their thumb or another finger(s). But that habit needs to stop too, before the kid gets too old and when you yank a finger out of their mouth, you're bound to break a finger.
How about painting their nails with good ol' Thum Nail Biting and Thumb Sucking solution to curb the habit? It's a mixture of nail polish remover, nail polish, cayenne pepper, and isopropyl alcohol. Combined, the product has a nasty, bitter taste that should help your little one stop biting their nails…and hopefully not develop a bitter hatred for you for torturing them.
Oddly enough, the product is still available today (?!), and contains the same ingredients but now at least as a warning about accidental ingestion of the product. So it's good enough to spread on their fingers but bad enough to have a label that reads "In case of accidental ingestion, seek professional assistance or contact a poison control center immediately."
Basically the kid either stops biting their nails or you might be dialling 911 pretty quick.
4 The Baby Mop
After a while, once you've had a baby or two, both mom and dad get too tired from work and parenting to do any house cleaning. One entrepreneurial lazy parent decided there's no need to clean anymore, that's why he had a kid in the first place! Voila! The Baby Mop!
Not too long ago, last century in the 90s, the Japanese had a spoof commercial with a similar item. Ten years later a website BetterThanPants.com came out with the real deal - a baby onesie with mop material on the legs and arms. The site even had a list of reasons why this product is awesome. For example, it will teach your little one a strong work ethic, he or she will learn not to drop or waste food, and he or she will get a nice work out and sleep better! You sold yet?
Products like this just go to show you that even now, society will find new and exciting horrible examples of parenting.
3 Coffee In That Baba
Just be thankful that the old "breakfast of champions" of coffee and a cigarette wasn't the norm for babies way back when. But the first part of that breakfast has been around for quite some time. Even now, the great debate of whether kids should and could drink coffee or not rages on.
You can't really blame our little ones for wanting to try it – they pretty much smell the sauce as early as the day they're brought home from the hospital. They get older and start eating solid foods and walking and talking and crawling and through it all, the pungent aroma of the dark magic permeates the air they breathe. Of course they'd want to try some!
Even though some parents will acquiesce and give their tykes a sip, still the science shows that drinking coffee at an early age could lead to addiction, obesity, diabetes, depression, and sleep problems. Take all of this into account before you go thinking that your little bundle of joy is merely a tiny adult and can partake in a pot of Joe.
2 Kids Got Asthma? There's Opium For That
It is probably one of the scariest sights you'll ever see, watching a loved one gasp for air, multiply that tenfold when it's your baby or toddler and they are getting more and more upset and scared with each failed breath and they don't know how to calm down. So you bob and weave through traffic to the hospital and get the news – asthma.
While it is no longer as life threatening as it used to be; yours and your baby's life just got a lot more annoying – filled with inhalers, nebulizers, and other devices to help your kid breathe properly. But if all else fails, just give them opium.
Even as late as the 19th century, babies were given the drug for their asthma and restlessness. They even had opium filled cherry flavored cough drops. A company called Stickney and Poor made drops, complete with doses of five drops for babies five days old!
1 Whiskey In The Baba
Similar to coffee, alcohol is another adult beverage that kids have at least noticed their elders enjoying from minute one of their lives. Heck, perhaps mothers who just delivered immediately have a drink after popping the kid out.
The old wives tale has always been that some Jack Daniels could help a crying baby out while they were teething. However there isn't a lot of solid science to show that whiskey actually numbs gums, although when they're so small perhaps only a few drops would "soothe" a crying baby (soothe = got the runt drunk).
Thankfully, most parents with sense enough know to head to the freezer instead when the kid is teething. But not for the chilled vodka, for cold teething toys instead.


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Well, the cold snap in the US seems to be over, now, and our own month-long run of -30 C temperatures seems to have broken, as well. I noticed a recent spike in traffic to a few of my posts from the last couple of winters, but didn't really draw the connection until just now…folks have been searching for information on how to manage livestock in extreme cold, but my poor visitors have mostly gotten anecdotes about me feeling sorry for myself and about frozen-solid chickens. I thought that even a belated post might be useful to somebody someday, so here are some observations about coping with extreme cold.
I'm not going to say much about dressing for the cold, since that's been done to death on the internet. Dress in layers, and take layers off as you become warm. Make the outer layer windproof if you can. Windchill is much more dangerous than just cold, especially if you are only outside for short periods – an hour or two – Hubby routinely goes out to shovel for a couple of hours at a time in -30, as long as there's no windchill. Of course, he's acclimatized to this weather, and appropriately dressed, more or less. He's never gotten frostbite, even though he doesn't make much effort to cover his face; the moustachesicles get pretty impressive sometimes:
The chickens seem to cope pretty well with the cold, overall. Our breeds are suited to colder temperatures, but we don't heat the coop, even when it's -40. Our main tactic has been to insulate; our primary coop is an old shed, and we stack old bales of hay and straw around the structure to cut the wind and keep it warm. We try to get the stacks as high as the heads of the chickens on the top rung of the roost, as someone has used the shed for a target for shotgun practice, so it's anything but airtight, and we don't want anyone to get frostbite when they're sleeping. You don't actually want the coop to be totally airtight; you need some airflow to keep it from getting too humid, which will cause problems with frostbite. The birds also get a deep layer of bedding, and as much feed as they want. They eat half again as much at -40 C as they do at zero degrees or above, and they need all of that energy to keep warm. We have had some issues with frostbite in the past; Gallus, our original rooster, had a pretty spectacular comb until he encountered his first major winter freeze. We've since learned to keep the coop shut on really cold days, which keeps the birds inside, and also helps keep the temperature up. While I'm sure it hurt to lose that comb, it doesn't seem to have slowed Gallus down too much.
The frostbite itself makes the combs and wattles turn black in the frozen parts, and eventually peels off. If you come across this, you will need to monitor that the other chickens aren't pecking at it and keeping it from healing, as it sometimes bleeds as the damaged tissue sloughs off.
One challenge is collecting the eggs before they freeze so solid that they crack, which takes no time at all in -40. The cracked eggs are okay to eat, as long as the shells are clean; we just thaw them on the kitchen counter overnight. They need to be used immediately once they've thawed, though, as bacteria can get in through the crack. Whatever we can't eat ourselves, we feed to the cats and dogs, who really appreciate the extra protein. Eggs that have frozen but not cracked are fine, and we just put them in the cold room to thaw. As far as we've been able to tell, they keep just as well as unfrozen eggs, and behave the same when you cook with them, so we don't even check anymore, beyond looking for the cracked ones, of course.
When it gets below about -25 C, we tend to leave the barn shut up, and the body heat from the animals adds at least ten degrees in there. The barn cats are bright enough to stay inside, and we've built them a cozy insulated shelter out of hay bales. So far, they've never had any issues with frostbite, even on their ears. However, the barn cats are outdoor critters, and acclimatized to the cold through the fall and early winter, and they know enough to snuggle up together in the shelter. Like the chickens, the cats are free-fed – we put out bowls of food, and they can have as much as they want. They put on several pounds each of fat in the fall, which helps them stay warm, too.
If we had a sudden huge drop in temperatures like happened so recently in the US, though, I would consider bringing outdoor cats and dogs inside, or locking them in a garage or barn, as they may not be equipped to deal with the cold. At the very least, they need some sort of insulated shelter, including insulation between them and the ground, that is windproof, dry, and small enough to warm up with just their body heat. Stacked bales covered with a tarp would probably do, but remember to insulate the bottom, too, either using a layer of bales, or a thick bed of straw or blankets.
The goats and alpacas mostly cope fine, as well, but again, they grow a thick coat in the fall, and we give them extra grain as it gets colder outside – the colder it is, the more hay and supplements they get. We take out warm water twice a day, and they drink their fill immediately. The buckets freeze over in a couple of hours, or less when it's really cold. We've found that the goats drink more when the water is taken out warm, rather than cold, and it probably helps them maintain a good temperature. Some people say that the buckets freeze slower if you use cold water, which may be true, but for the small difference it makes in freezing time, we go with the warm, especially because the goats drink so much more when we take the warm water out. I have heard of people putting sweaters on their goats, which is probably a good idea in a sudden cold snap; we've never done it because we worry they would lose their winter coats.
If you are milking in winter, make sure the udder, and especially the teats, are completely dry when you are done. We minimize trimming the udder as much as possible, and leave some fur, especially on the back, even when we do trim. I just brush the furry parts of the udder thoroughly with a soft brush before milking to make sure there's no crud falling into my milk bucket. I take a towel out with me to dry everyone off after milking. However, since I'm not fond of milking -30, we've taken to drying the girls off by late November. While this doesn't maximize our milk production, it does minimize everyone's discomfort. We freeze milk and make (and freeze) lots of cheese in the summer, to tide us over.
Our biggest issues with the goats has been with kidding during cold snaps. Our first year, we were kidding in March, and at least four kids came when the temperatures were below -20. All of those kids got frozen ears, and two lost part or all of their ears.
We've since started breeding for kidding in late April or later; this year's kids will come in mid-May. I know of breeders with unheated barns who treat kids like day-old chicks; they confine them using straw bales, and hang a heat lamp overtop. Other breeders keep their kids indoors in playpens for the first couple of weeks. Either tactic works fairly well if you are bottle feeding, but not if you're dam-raising your kids. We've learned to keep the pregnant does confined for the last few weeks of their pregnancy, and we do our best to keep the maternity stall well-insulated and draft-free. The kids are most vulnerable to freezing just after birth when they are wet, so it's important to make sure they are dried off quickly, which has involved us 'helping out' with towels when momma wasn't working fast enough. When they are cold, kids tend to stand all hunched up with their back arched, and look really miserable. If we see that going on for any length of time in cold weather, we bring the kids into the house periodically for 'warm-up' sessions, and take them back out to their dams every couple of hours to eat.
We've had kids collapse from cold before; if you're quick, they can recover without issue, but you need to get them warm, fast. We've used 2L plastic juice bottles filled with hot water from the tap, wrapped in towels and tucked around the kid. Remember, too, that kids need extra food when it's cold, and make sure your does are producing enough, and/or you add a bit extra to the bottles if they're living in an unheated barn.
Cold is not bad if you are prepared for it, but I can imagine it would be awfully miserable if you didn't have, and couldn't get, appropriate clothing and supplies. I know some of my American friends really struggled. Hopefully everyone has come through okay, and is at least starting to warm up now!


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Temptation Part II: The Temptation Continues…
How could I have let this happen? How could I have been so naive? I can't let this continue. This has to end. It must die. I'm sorry, but before I can go on, I must tell you that what happens next may not be suitable for the squeamish. I realized I couldn't do this alone. I mean, I never killed before. However, I knew it had to be done. I couldn't deal with the pain and the torment.
What's a woman to do? I called my best friend, and she came over to help me. She has always been there for me. I could remember us being kids. She always knew when to go down the path of least resistance.
Not that I'm saying my friend is little miss perfect. She's gotten into her fair share of temptation. It's just that she knows her limits as to where I don't. I should know it, but I don't. If anyone can help me, my best friend of all these years can help me.
My friend came over. I knew he would be near, so we had to get our plan into action. One way or another, I would rid myself of him; rid myself of my temptation. Wait! I don't have anything to get rid of him with. Where do most people go when they're desperate? The kitchen!
We ran over to the kitchen, and grabbed every utensil possible to rid myself of him. He was not very easy to get rid of. At times, it just seemed like he was everywhere.
He was always there when I had troubles. I had him to calm me down. But I have those that love me to help me with that. I don't need him. I don't need more trouble added on top of trouble. He needs to go. We need to get rid of him, and that's just what we did.
Oh my! Getting rid of him was messy! There was a mess everywhere. It's a good thing that we were wearing gloves and dressed in rags. Stains like that would have taken a long time to get out. We had to clean up, but the stains were just everywhere. Yet, I knew we had to clean it up somehow. I got the bleach, and we started getting to work. I don't know how long we were there for, but we finally got the job done.
The only thing we had to do next was to get rid of all this incriminating evidence. We could bury it. No, that would never work. Someone would be bound to find out. We could put it down the garbage disposal. No, that could get clogged. I then decided to go to my fireplace and start a fire. We put everything that was or looked like evidence, into the fire, and they burned with no problem. At first I was worried that someone would notice a strange smell coming from my home, but no one did.
I did it! I won! I defeated the temptation. Correction-We defeated the temptation. Believe me when I tell you that it felt good.
When all was said and done, we then decided…
Well, we decided to have another bowl of ice cream.
Written by ©Diana Jillian, circa 2008


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"If Google eventually moves the Alphabet brand, remember Alphabet, not ABC or ABC.xyz to Alphabet.app or Alphabet.holdings or even Alphabet.com, that won't mean the end of .xyz or the new gtld program. It is just one move by one company".
Source: http://tldinvestors.com/2015/08/the-alphabet-may-end-with-xyz-but-the-internet-does-business-on-com.html.
- Trademarks should submit their datas into the Trademark Clearinghouse to participate in future Sunrise Periods. The official TMCH calendar is available here;
- For a better recognition, Alphabet clubs should register a ".club" domain name at their accredited Registrar.


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If you haven't yet seen this YouTube video — it seems to have gone viral — click now for a transcendent aesthetic experience.
The Surma and Mursi tribes, makers and canvases for this fabulous human-body art, dwell in the Omo Valley, a remote region of southwestern Ethiopia, which is nevertheless becoming a tourist destination. Luckily, German photographer Hans Silvester took these photos before "civilization" intrudes.
Roberta Smith wrote last year in The New York Times:
They paint themselves or one another two or three times a day, using pigment made from earth or ground stone mixed with water. Executed quickly, the abstract, vibrantly patterned motifs reflect a sophisticated vocabulary of mark-making, finger-painting and hand-printing techniques; they extend across faces and sometimes center on a single feature, like a breast. They function as personal decoration, cultural expression and, when ash and cattle urine are added, insect repellent.
Silvester has published two books on the subject. His photos are on display in Brussels' Royal Museum of Central Africa through Aug. 31.