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The past is never dead. It's not even past
William Faulkner (1951)
Bacteria can acquire heritable immunity to viral (phage) enemies by incorporating phage DNA into their own genome. This mechanism of anti-viral defence, known by the acronym CRISPR, simultaneously stores detailed information about current and past enemies and the evolved resistance to them. As a high-resolution genetic marker that is intimately tied with the host–pathogen interaction, the CRISPR system offers a unique, and relatively untapped, opportunity to study epidemiological and coevolutionary dynamics in microbial communities that were previously neglected because they could not be cultured in the laboratory. We briefly review the molecular mechanisms of CRISPR-mediated host–pathogen resistance, before assessing their potential importance for coevolution in nature, and their utility as a means of studying coevolutionary dynamics through metagenomics and laboratory experimentation.
1. Introduction
Evolution is explicitly about change over generations, and that can make it difficult to study when generation times are long, or when organisms are difficult to routinely assay. It is therefore convenient when evolution leaves behind traces of its activity. Fossils record the past, but offer a poor record of evolution at the molecular level. Fortunately, evidence of the past is often imprinted upon DNA sequences. For example, sequence comparisons can be used to estimate the proportion of differences between species that are driven by natural selection (as opposed to random walks of neutral variation), and even to estimate the speed at which adaptation has proceeded (Nielsen 2005). Such analyses have indicated that, perhaps more than any other class of genes, those of immune systems tend to evolve adaptively and rapidly (Bustamante et al. 2005). This suggests that host–parasite coevolution plays a central role in the maintenance of biological diversity (Buckling & Rainey 2002a; Laine & Tellier 2008). Still, most studies focus on the past evolutionary record of host defence genes, or, separately, of parasite infectivity genes, and thus address coevolution indirectly. Recently, a remarkable mechanism has been described that may provide, in the DNA sequence of a single organism, a detailed molecular record of coevolution. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) are arrays of prokaryotic DNA sequences that mediate a form of acquired immunity to specific viral pathogens (Sorek et al. 2008; van der Oost et al. 2009)—something usually associated with vertebrate defence systems—and in the process provide a record of coevolution past. The study of this defence mechanism has already revealed some fascinating molecular biology, but relatively untapped is the potential to explore the ongoing warfare between hosts and their phage pathogens in natural environments.
2. Acquired, specific and heritable bacterial resistance to viral pathogens
Viruses that infect bacteria (bacteriophages) are ubiquitous in natural bacterial communities (Abedon 2008), and in some environments outnumber their bacterial hosts nearly tenfold (Suttle 2005). Bacteria have evolved a number of phage-resistance mechanisms, such as adsorption blocking, restricting the injection of phage genetic material and some abortive infection mechanisms (Sturino & Klaenhammer 2006). An additional mechanism has recently been added to this list: CRISPRs are present in bacterial and archaeal genomes, and are made up of arrays of highly conserved 24- to 47-bp repeats, separated by variable, often unique spacer sequences, derived from foreign replicons such as phage or plasmids (figure 1; Sorek et al. 2008). In a series of elegant experiments (Barrangou et al. 2007; Brouns et al. 2008; Deveau et al. 2008), it was recently shown that: (i) bacterial cells incorporate phage genetic material into CRISPRs as spacers; (ii) acquiring these spacers renders bacterial hosts resistant towards phage that carry the incorporated sequence; (iii) removal of these spacers results in the loss of this resistance; and (iv) single mutations at specific short motifs in the phage genome are sufficient to evolve counter-resistance (figure 1). This potential for reciprocal adaptation to host resistance and pathogen infectivity marks CRISPRs as a potential molecular mechanism for coevolution.
An integral part of this anti-phage defence mechanism is the action of CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins. Cas proteins are usually found adjacent and upstream of CRISPR arrays, and show high sequence and structural similarity to proteins with endonuclease, and DNA- and RNA-binding functions (Jansen et al. 2002; Wiedenheft et al. 2009). Because of this feature, they have been thought to function similarly to RNA-interference (RNAi) genes (reviewed in Marraffini & Sontheimer 2010a), which themselves mediate a rapidly evolving antiviral defence in eukaryotes (Ding et al. 2004; Obbard et al. 2009). However, despite some similarities, their protein machineries are distinct (Makarova et al. 2006) and, unlike RNAi, CRISPR–Cas complexes appear to bind almost exclusively to DNA, suggesting that RNAi and Cas proteins share little phylogenetic relation (Mojica et al. 2009).
The molecular details are still being unravelled, but the anti-viral action of the CRISPR–Cas complex appears to proceed in three distinct stages (figure 1; reviewed in Marraffini & Sontheimer 2010a). In the initial stage of viral invasion, complexes of Cas proteins target and cleave short recognition motifs in the phage genome (Deveau et al. 2008; Mojica et al. 2009), and incorporate these 'proto-spacers' into the host genome at the 5′ end of the CRISPR locus (Barrangou et al. 2007). These short (23–30 bp) incorporated 'spacers' are then transcribed (stage 2) as CRISPR RNAs (CrRNAs) that contain the spacer sequence flanked on either side by partial repeat sequences (Brouns et al. 2008), resulting in large-scale amplification of that specific sequence. It is still unclear whether all spacers (e.g. Lillestol et al. 2009) or only the most recently incorporated (e.g. Brouns et al. 2008) are transcribed during this step. The final stage involves interference with phage-derived sequences, again mediated by Cas-protein complexes, whereby CrRNAs serve as templates to target conserved viral motifs in subsequent infections (Brouns et al. 2008). How do CRISPRs avoid targeting and degrading their own phage-derived CRISPR spacer? Viral targets are identified by direct Watson–Crick pairing, and viral degradation seems to be triggered by mismatches at specific positions between the viral sequence and the repeat sequences flanking the phage-derived spacer (Marraffini & Sontheimer 2010b). Therefore, CRISPRs are truly a microbial immune system (Horvath & Barrangou 2010), allowing strain-specific resistance to be acquired, a memory of past infections that permits resistance against future encounters, while assuring host integrity through self/non-self discrimination.
How common is CRISPR-mediated defence in nature? Recently, identifying and characterizing the diversity of CRISPR–Cas complexes in the wild has been made possible by high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies (Mardis 2008). Using a metagenomic approach (Hugenholtz & Tyson 2008), environmental samples can be entirely sequenced and screened with recently developed CRISPR- and Cas-finding algorithms (Haft et al. 2005; Bland et al. 2007; Edgar 2007; Grissa et al. 2007, 2008a), which are now freely available through web-based resources (Grissa et al. 2008b; also see CRISPR databases at http://crispr.u-psud.fr and http://crispi.genouest.org). These ever-growing interactive databases find CRISPR–Cas complexes in roughly 40 per cent of bacterial and nearly 90 per cent of archaeal genomes tested so far. Up to 45 Cas protein families have been described based on amino acid sequences (Haft et al. 2005). Two of these proteins, Cas 1 and Cas 2, seem to be present among all CRISPR systems described to date, and so offer potential universal markers of CRISPR-mediated defence systems in microbes (Makarova et al. 2006; Sorek et al. 2008). The crystal structure of Cas 1 indicates that it has a metal-dependent DNase activity, so it is thought to be involved in the initial recognition and acquisition of viral motifs (Wiedenheft et al. 2009), whereas Cas 2 has been shown to cleave single-stranded RNA within U-rich regions.
Beyond mechanisms, CRISPRs offer a unique window into the history of bacteria–phage warfare, as exposure to a specific combination of phage strains leaves behind a unique set of spacers in the host bacterial genome that simultaneously represents both infective phage strains that have been prevalent in the environment and the specific resistance bacteria have acquired. Because phage-derived spacers are incorporated at the CRISPR 5′ leader sequence (Barrangou et al. 2007), the ordered sequence of spacers essentially gives a temporal record of the infection history in that bacterial population. Hence, CRISPRs offer a high-resolution method for molecular typing of bacterial hosts and their pathogens based on the unique CRISPR signature. Such record-keeping of both host and pathogen genetic variation over time is unparalleled in any other host–pathogen system. Therefore, CRISPRs might be especially informative in determining the history of phage host ranges, which would be impossible to determine from other resistance mechanisms. Below we highlight how CRISPRs offer a valuable tool for studies of coevolution, both in the laboratory and, importantly, in the wild.
3. Patterns of adaptation in space and time
Bacterial CRISPRs offer a unique opportunity to address questions of coevolutionary dynamics in natural populations, because only bacteria, which contain a record of both their evolution and phage evolution in their CRISPR signatures, need to be sampled. Crucially, metagenomic analyses can be carried out without the need to culture bacteria in the laboratory, which means that CRISPR-mediated coevolution can be studied in non-cultivable bacteria. This approach potentially permits coevolutionary dynamics to be studied in detail, either by geographic sampling to identify patterns of local adaptation, or by temporal sampling where hosts and phage are directly and simultaneously tracked over time.
One of the tenets of host–parasite coevolution is that antagonistic selection proceeds through local adaptation of pathogens to common host genotypes, followed by counter-adaptation of hosts (Hamilton 1993; Woolhouse et al. 2002). Accordingly, the most common method for inferring coevolution in wild populations is to sample over geographic space and test whether hosts and parasites are locally adapted (Greischar & Koskella 2007). Recently, this approach has been extended to analyses of CRISPR sequences from environmental samples. For example, Kunin et al. (2008) examined samples from two geographically distant (USA and Australia) sludge bioreactors. Focusing on the dominant, and as yet uncultured, microbial species (Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis or CAP), analysis of CRISPR arrays gave strikingly different results from a thorough analysis of the rest of the bacterial genome. Specifically, analysis of CRISPR arrays revealed that there were no common spacer sequences between the two populations, while there was very little divergence at 48 other loci. To reconcile these differences, the authors hypothesized that CAP strains disperse widely to become genetically homogeneous (hence to very low divergence found in most of the genome), but differences in exposure to local phage populations lead to rapid divergence of CRISPR loci. By sequencing the phage meta-genome from the USA bioreactor, they found 11 CRISPR spacers with matches to sympatric phage genome fragments. Thus, the CRISPR record of interaction with phage, coupled with geographical sampling, suggests a coevolutionary mosaic that overpowers the effects of dispersal. A similar result was found in a comparative genomic analysis of Sulfolobus islandicus CRISPR arrays and spindle-shaped virus (SSV) sequences, where viruses exhibited clear biogeographic structure apparently driven by ongoing adaptation to local host strains (Held & Whitaker 2009).
The importance for coevolution of ecological factors, such as productivity (Lopez-Pascua & Buckling 2008), migration (Morgan et al. 2005) and spatial structuring (Morgan et al. 2007), has been addressed with experimental evolution in controlled laboratory environments. CRISPR studies such as those described above, which employ structured sampling strategies, potentially allow analogous coevolutionary dynamics to be studied in natural populations. However, a key limitation of this approach is that inferring local adaptation from the presence of spacers and the corresponding phage sequence could be misleading if not all spacers are always expressed (e.g. Brouns et al. 2008), or if the CRISPR system is not functional. Metagenomic studies in conjunction with phenotypic assays of phage infectivity on local bacterial hosts would unequivocally determine the level of local adaptation, but in many cases laboratory cultures of microbes are difficult to establish (but see Vos et al. 2009).
CRISPR studies have shown that our inability to culture the vast majority of bacteria does not necessarily stop us from accurately inferring coevolutionary dynamics. This is certainly the case for microbial biofilms of thermophilic (Synechcoccus thermophilus) or acidophilic (Leptospirillum) bacteria and their natural phage pathogens (Tyson & Banfield 2008; Heidelberg et al. 2009). Comparative genomics of CRISPR arrays with the viral meta-genomes from these environments demonstrated a history of selective sweeps at a CRISPR locus (Tyson & Banfield 2008) and an abundance of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the viral sequence corresponding to all but the most recently incorporated spacers (Heidelberg et al. 2009). This suggests a scenario of rapid coevolutionary interactions between the microbial hosts and phage that maintains population-wide genetic diversity. It appears that such records of coevolution past may run extremely deep. For example, CRISPR from Leptospirillum populations found in acid mine drainage and subaerial biofilms (39°C, pH approx. 1; Andersson & Banfield 2008) were found to contain 37 distinct CRISPR arrays containing a total of 6044 spacer sequences (of which 2348 were unique). Most of these were of viral origin (up to 40 per cent at a single CRISPR locus), although some came from extrachromosomal elements such as plasmids and transposons, indicating that CRISPR loci may, for reasons that are not yet clear, contain records of other types of partnership (Marraffini & Sontheimer 2008).
The studies described above used a spatial sampling strategy to test for local adaptation. Such spatial patterns of local adaptation can indirectly indicate the action of coevolution, but regular and frequent sampling through time offers a more direct window on the process. As with spatial sampling, it would add value to confirm field patterns of phage adaptation with laboratory experimentation, specifically via time-shift experiments, where antagonists are sampled at different time points and controlled infections carried out between them (Gaba & Ebert 2009). By observing the patterns of infectivity among these combinations, one may infer the underlying coevolutionary dynamics (Gandon et al. 2008). Time-shift experiments have been achieved, for example, in laboratory studies of Pseudomonas bacteria and phage (Buckling & Rainey 2002b; Brockhurst et al. 2003), and on larger organisms in the field by collecting resting eggs of Daphnia and long-living parasite transmission spores from dated lake sediment cores (Decaestecker et al. 2007). What has never been achieved is a union of field observation, phenotypic assays and documentation of their molecular underpinnings. One test of parasite local adaptation in a plant–pathogen system (Laine 2007) reported discordant results when measuring parasite fitness in either a field-transplant experiment or a laboratory cross-infection experiment. If CRISPRs are employed to investigate patterns of coevolution across time or space in a bacterial system that is also amenable to laboratory culture, the intersection between laboratory and field-based investigations would provide clear benefits to our understanding of local adaptation and coevolutionary dynamics (Nuismer & Gandon 2008).
Work in some host–pathogen systems has sought to infer the nature of coevolutionary dynamics from the underlying genetics of infection. Most notably, workers have compared the propensity of the 'gene-for-gene' and 'matching allele' infection models to promote and maintain genetic polymorphism (Agrawal & Lively 2002). However, in conventional models, resistant phenotypes are derived by mutations on the host genome, whereas CRISPR-mediated resistance is explicitly linked to genetic variance in the prevailing pathogen population. It is therefore difficult to predict CRISPR-mediated coevolutionary dynamics without some knowledge of the infection genetics particular to this mechanism. For example, CRISPR-mediated systems suggest exquisite specificity: hosts are no longer protected from phage that acquires a single mutation in spacer-derived sequences. These phages are thus universally infective and should quickly sweep to high frequency. Will this happen so fast that the new phage mutants quickly fix in populations, eroding genetic variation in the process? Or will acquisition of a phage-derived spacer into a CRISPR locus occur quickly enough to halt the march to fixation? It is presently unclear how rapidly populations can acquire resistance via CRISPR; that is, what proportion of infected host cells incorporate viral spacers before lysis occurs.
One may also speculate on the relative importance of CRISPR-based resistance relative to other phage-resistance mechanisms, such as cell-surface receptor modification. Receptor modification offers a first line of defence that impedes the entry of most phages, but mutations at these receptors often come at some metabolic cost to the host, as they are the same receptors involved in nutrient uptake (e.g. Ferenci et al. 1980). In addition, viral population sizes and mutation rates are much higher than for their bacterial hosts (Drake et al. 1998), so such resistance can in principle be easily evaded. Depending on how efficient spacer acquisition by CRISPRs is, such a second line of defence once phage have entered the host cell could relax the costs associated with receptor modification, and also provide an invaluable chance of halting infection once counter-resistance to receptor modification has occurred. This interplay between CRISPR and other defence mechanisms is yet to be explored, and addressing these issues will tell us much about the genetic constraints on CRISPR-mediated resistance evolution (in particular, the rates at which CRISPRs evolve relative to changes in pathogen-imposed selection over time).
4. Measuring the costs of CRISPR-mediated resistance
Coevolutionary dynamics and levels of polymorphism in resistance are tightly linked with the costs associated with resisting infection (Antonovics & Thrall 1994). Costs of resistance are a common feature of most host–parasite systems (Sheldon & Verhulst 1996), and reveal a trade-off (a negative co-variance) between resistance and other life-history traits (e.g. Kraaijeveld & Godfray 1997). If CRISPR-mediated resistance were not costly, we would expect an indefinite accumulation of phage-derived spacers in the host genome. There may be costs associated with CRISPR length, or with the number of CRISPRs on the genome, and such costs may maintain polymorphism in the number and identity of spacers present in the bacterial population. So far, measurements of costs of resistance in wild bacteria–phage systems are limited (Lennon et al. 2007), and whether CRISPR is costly owing to acquisition of additional spacers has yet to be tested.
There are several potential ways that CRISPRs might be a costly system. As hosts incorporate more spacers (figure 1), longer CRISPR arrays may simply take longer to replicate, resulting in reduced growth rate. A linked issue is that as CRISPR arrays get longer, the transcription of the repeat sequence separating phage-derived spacers may cause loss of replication fidelity during cell division, similar to what occurs in microsatellites (Bzymek & Lovett 2001). Hence, hosts with long CRISPR arrays might accumulate a larger number of deleterious mutations and, consequently, have lower fitness. Considering how CRISPRs might be costly highlights several unknowns about how this mechanism provides a memory of past infections. How many spacers are expressed during infection? That is, do CRISPR loci allow memory against enemies from the distant past, or are defences maintained only for the most recent pathogenic encounters? Are there physiological costs of expressing many spacers? Does variation in CRISPR array size correlate with the diversity of phage that hosts are exposed to? A recent theoretical exploration of the evolution of gene expression in host–parasite systems (Nuismer & Otto 2005) found that, while coevolution often favours the co-expression of resistance alleles in hosts (maximizing the chances of pathogen recognition), this depends on the underlying infection genetics and on the costs of resistance. While measuring costs of resistance is often challenging (Pease & Bull 1988; Mealor & Boots 2006), if CRISPRs can be incorporated into a laboratory system then we could exploit the practical advantages of experimental evolution with microbes (Jessup et al. 2004; Buckling et al. 2009) to quantify the mode and strength of selection on CRISPR-mediated resistance in controlled environments.
5. Experimental evolutionary epidemiology
Evolutionary biology is, in principle, well poised to understand the processes and mechanisms that underpin changing pathogenicity, with well-established general theories of adaptation (Fisher 1930; Price 1972), invasion dynamics (May et al. 2001; Schreiber & Lloyd-Smith 2009) and host–pathogen coevolution (Anderson & May 1982; Best et al. 2009; Gandon & Day 2009). But how do evolution and epidemics interact to determine the population burden of disease? A key challenge for future research is to establish an experimental system where CRISPRs may directly inform on viral epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics in natural populations. What is required is a host–pathogen system where it is possible to monitor epidemics regularly and to identify host and pathogen genotypes present during all stages of epidemic onset. Microbial systems where seasonal viral epidemics are known to occur (e.g. Yoshida et al. 2008) would appear to be good candidates for such studies, and if CRISPRs are added to the equation, there is the potential for frequent field sampling to reveal the genetic details of epidemic onset. The advantage of CRISPRs would be in providing a high-resolution genetic marker that recapitulates the history of infections in the host genome and allows individual phage strains to be tracked by following their presence on these same host genomes. With this information in hand, it is then possible to begin addressing specific questions about the dynamics of adaptation in the context of epidemic spread: does pathogen adaptation occur mainly from standing genetic variation or from novel mutation (Hermisson & Pennings 2005; Barrett & Schluter 2008)? What effect do bottlenecks have on the contributions of selection or drift during pathogen emergence (Dlugosch & Parker 2008)? Is there clonal interference between invading strains during epidemic onset (Miralles et al. 1999; Pepin & Wichman 2008), and how does recombination between them affect the epidemiological dynamics (Colegrave 2002; Cooper 2007)?
While the existence of CRISPR arrays in prokaryotes was originally recognized in the late 1980s (Ishino et al. 1987), appreciation of their role in mediating resistance against viral pathogens is very recent. The metagenomic-based CRISPR studies described here have already demonstrated the potential to observe bacteria and phage coevolution in their natural settings and in real time, but many opportunities for fieldwork remain. Characterizing this mechanism in host–pathogen systems that are known to coevolve and are amenable to laboratory life (e.g. Vos et al. 2009) will further expand the range of questions that can be explored, but the key opportunity would seem to be the possibility of detailed analysis of coevolution in the wild. The molecular book-keeping of the CRISPR system may thus help unravel the nature of the coevolutionary process under natural conditions of temporal and spatial environmental heterogeneity.
T.J.L. and P.F.V. are funded by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship in Basic Biomedical Sciences awarded to T.J.L.
We are grateful to S. Gandon, A. Hall, D. Obbard, A. Ross-Gillespie, T. Berngruber and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the manuscript.
- Received January 11, 2010.
- Accepted February 22, 2010.
- © 2010 The Royal Society
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Club for Growth announced a half-million-dollar ad campaign urging ten members of Congress to oppose Speaker Paul Ryan's American Health Care Act, also known as RyanCare.
Club for Growth president David McIntosh said:
The RyanCare bill fails to keep President Trump's promises of interstate competition and health insurance deregulation. Republicans promised a bill that would stop Obamacare's taxes and mandates and replace them with free-market reforms that will increase health insurance competition and drive down costs. RyanCare fails on those counts, and that's why the Club is letting millions of constituents know that their Representative should reject RyanCare.
The Club for Growth applauds recent changes in the RyanCare bill that would allow states to block grant Medicaid and expand protection for older Americans. However, the club believes that the GOP leadership has not gone far enough. A sample ad can be seen here and will run on TV and digital platforms from March 20-22, with a budget of at least $500,000. The ads will run in the following House members' districts:
- Leonard Lance (NJ-7)
- Tom MacArthur (NJ-3)
- John Katko (NY-24)
- Brian Fitzpatrick (PA-8)
- Rob Wittman (VA-1)
- Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (FL-27)
- Peter King (NY-2)
- Charlie Dent (CA-49)
- Darrell Issa (CA-49)
- Don Bacon (NE-2)

subset: commoncrawl


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Catherine Dayger Forbes is serving her Natural Resources Policy Fellowship working as an Ocean Policy Fellow in the Natural Resources Office of Governor Kate Brown.
Catherine completed her B.S. Animal Sciences from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. For her M.S., also from the University of Illinois, Catherine studied endometriosis, a women's reproductive disease. She is currently completing her PhD in Biology at Portland State University.
Catherine's dissertation research is focused on the physiological mechanisms that drive an animal's ecology. By studying the mechanisms all animals use to integrate environmental information into "decisions" about when and how to reproduce, Catherine aims to answer broadly applicable ecological questions. While Catherine's research utilizes wild, free-living garter snakes to address these questions proximately, her ultimate perspective compares many model organisms to understand how all animals navigate common challenges. In her fellowship, and her future career, Catherine hopes to unite her background in agribusiness, biomedicine, and ecology with the experience she will gain as a Natural Resource Policy Fellow into a career in natural resources policy on the West coast.


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Parties are of unique kinds and because of their diversified nature, different kinds of decorations are required. Wedding decorations will need to seem good throughout the ceremony and the whole wedding reception. It may sound far-fetched, but you might handle each one of the decorating with only the wedding party decorations listed above.
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Santhanam to romance Marathi actress in Selvaraghavan movie
It looks like 2017 is definitely going to be a very much tremendous year for Santhanam for the actor has lined up a series of movies that are based on not just comedy, but some serious and unusual stuff too. He has already completed shooting for his upcoming film 'Server Sundaram', which will feature him in the role of a chef with Vaibhavi Shandalini playing the female lead role. The film's release was supposed to happen somewhere by the festive occasion of Pongal, but was literally postponed on the spur of moment due to some unknown reasons. While the makers are of this film would be making an official confirmation about the release shortly i time, the actors as already started to shoot simultaneously for Selvaraghavan's tentatively titled 'Mannavan Vandhaanadi' and comedy film 'Sakka Podu Podu Raja', directed by his close friend Sethumaran and produced by VTV Ganesh. While the big names like Sai Pallavi and Regina Cassandra were hitting headlines for Santhanam-Selvaraghavan project, it has been confirmed that Marathi actress Aaditi Pohankar would be playing his love interest in this film.


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Celebrating Women in Books and Films
Posted on March 21, 2017
iEARN-USA Intern, Dasom Jeon, shares her thoughts on Women's History Month and recommendations for books and films on women's rights and perspectives.
Hi! My name is Dasom and I'm an marketing and communications intern at iEARN-USA from South Korea. I expected the life in the U.S would be much better for women while I was living in South Korea. I can say it's better but not enough. I hope the better world that I as a woman could live my life confidently and happily integrating into the society and people around me everywhere. We have to know more, and keep raising our voice for women's rights.
Since one of my major is movies and films, I learn and get inspired from them a lot. For this Women's History Month, I believe that one of the best ways to feel motivated and inspired is to learn through books, and films of women's stories. We can easily learn more about what we've made, and the work that still needs to be done.
Here are the ones to try out this Women's History Month!
Bad Feminist by Roxane Gay
In these essays, Roxane Gay takes us through the journey of her evolution as a woman of color and comments on the state of feminism today. The portrait that emerges is not only of an incredibly insightful woman continually growing to understand herself and our society, but an inspiring call to arms of all the ways we still need to do better.
The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir
It shows how women had been treated throughout history. It is often regarded as a major work of feminist philosophy and the starting point of second-wave feminism.
The Color Purple by Alice Walker
It deals with the lives of African American women in the South during the 1930s. It won a National Book Award and Pulitzer Prize for fiction. In this, many of the characters breakaway from traditional gender roles. It was later adapted into a film and musical of the same name.
North Country (2005)
A fictionalized account of the first majorly successful sexual harassment case in the United States, this film follows the female miners who fought for their right to work without suffering the abuse their male coworkers heaped on them because of their gender.
Mulan (1998)
Based on the legend of Fa Mulan, this animated feature film follows Mulan as she impersonates a man to take her father's place during the battle against the Hun invasion.
Suffragette (2015)
In early 20th-century Britain, the growing suffragette movement forever changes the life of working wife and mother Maud Watts. Galvanized by political activist Emmeline Pankhurst, Watts joins a diverse group of women who fight for equality and the right to vote.


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RIDGEFIELD, Conn. -- New clay creation classes for children and adults are now available at the Ridgefield Recreation Center.
The classes are taught by "The Clay Lady" Michelle Beyman.
Working with clay helps students develop dexterity, visual awareness and creativity. By nurturing your artistic self, you will feel calm and relaxed. Kick back, sip your coffee/tea and sculpt a special vase, mug or decorative piece in the Coffee 'NClay class available on Monday mornings.
Discover the joys of working with clay in the ClayAway Your Day class available on Monday evenings.
ClayPlay at the Rec is for children in kindergarten through second grade. Each week there is a new theme, and projects may include "Chef Clay" meals, favorite characters, animal bowls, holiday decorations and more. Classes are available Thursdays after school.
Students in third through fifth grade will become ceramicists in the ClayAlong with Michelle classes available Tuesdays after school.
Materials are included for all classes, and no experience is necessary. Each class will experiment with different hand-building clay forms, including pinch pots, coils, slabs, reliefs and tiles.
For more information, visit ridgefieldparksandrec.org or call 203.431.275.
The Ridgefield Recreation Center is at 195 Danbury Road, Ridgefield.
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.


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Padmavati Movie Release Date Postponed
From the past one month, Padmavati film received a lot of trouble from the Rajput community. Earlier, the makers were refusing to delay the release date of the film. But suddenly today, they voluntarily postponed Padmavati film. The reason for postponing the film is not provided clearly. But it is very much due to the clearance issues from CBFC.
Padmavati Film new release date
The new release date for the film is not provided yet. But it is expected to release in the second or third week of December.
Viacom18 Official statement for the media
Viacom18 Motion Pictures, the studio behind 'Padmavati' has voluntarily deferred the release date of the film from December 1st 2017. Along with Sanjay Leela Bhansali, amongst the most gifted film makers of his generation, Viacom18 Motion Pictures has created a beautiful cinematic masterpiece in 'Padmavati' that captures Rajput valor, dignity and tradition in all its glory. The film is an eloquent portrayal of a tale that will fill every Indian with pride and showcase our country's story-telling prowess across the globe. We are a responsible, law-abiding corporate citizen and have the highest respect and regard for the law of the land and all our institutions and statutory bodies including the Central Board of Film Certification. We always have and are committed to continue following the established procedure and convention. We have faith that we will soon obtain the requisite clearances to release the film. We will announce the revised release date of the film in due course. We stand firm in our commitment to tell endearing tales that resonate with our audiences the world over as we have in the past with our other projects such as 'Toilet: Ek Prem Katha', 'Queen', 'Bhaag Milkha Bhaag' and many more.
Troubles for Padmavati
The Rajput community was not happy with the content of the movie. They criticised the dance of Deepika Padukone as Padmavati in Ghoomar song. According to community leaders, the Padmavati trailer has also some big issues. In India, there were multiple protests against Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Deepika Padukone. Due to the elections in Gujrat, many political leaders also give statements on the movie.
Recently this movie was showcased to some media channel representatives too. Rajat Sharma and Arnab Goswami applauded the movie and provided positive statements too.


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Gabriel & Jess Conte Kiss on KCAs Orange Carpet!
Gabriel Conte and his new wife Jess are seriously, so cute at the Kids' Choice Awards!
The two social stars, who shared a sweet kiss on the carpet, are repping both the US and Australia in the show's first ever Social Squad.
Meet the rest of the global social stars on the team with them on JJJ right now!
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of Gabriel Conte
Psst! Did you know that Jess and Gabriel just got a new puppy together? Meet him in their new video below!
Posted to: 2017 Kids' Choice Awards, Gabriel Conte, Jess Conte, KCAs, Kids Choice Awards


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Flowers in a Gift
Petal & Stem has many "flowers in a gift" that come in an unique vase that can be used many times! The recipient will think of you every time they use it! Petal & Stem in South Yarmouth, MA has Flowers in a Gift suitable for every occasion.


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Want to be happy? live a meaningful life, says speaker
Dubai: Most people go through their whole lives without understanding what makes them truly happy, a motivation speaker told an audience at the World Government Summit in Dubai.
So what's the answer? "I think it's a meaningful life," said Max Strom, an author and teacher, on the summit's second day. "In fact people who have meaning in their lives will gladly give up pleasure."
"For example, often times people who work in charities are willing to buy their own plane ticket and spend their own money."
The speaker said that humans have four main desires: to live, to be happy, to have knowledge and love.
"However, unfortunately society focuses more on success and pleasure," he said.
According to Strom, many people live very unhappy lives. In the US, statistics show that around 25 to 30 per cent of the population take medications for depression, sleep dysfunction, and anxiety.
"While this might offer temporary relief, I have yet to meet anyone who wants to live on medication for the rest of their life."
Men are more likely to suffer from emotional conditions "as they are taught to suppress their emotions from a young age."
Simply breathe:
A cure, Strom said, is for society to teach children how to deal with emotions, especially grief.
And to help anxiety, depression and sleep disorders, do one thing: breathe.
"There are two types of breathing: subconscious and controlled. Controlled breathing helps treat the nervous system, which then treats emotion-based conditions.
In the US, breathing exercises proscribed to army veterans with post-traumatic stress had led to the army had led to "tremendous improvements."
Taking at least 10 minutes per day to do breath-work "should be considered as the new component to a healthy lifestyle," Strom said.


text: Jack Black will be back to host Nickelodeon's 21st "Kids' Choice Awards." Miley Ray Cyrus, named as last years's favorite television actress for her title role in the Disney Channel series "Hannah Montana," was nominated in that category again this year, and was also nominated for favorite female singer. The awards are known for drawing a crowd of celebrities who are often willing to get covered in green slime. Prizes are presented in such categories as favorite movie, movie stars, song and reality show. Viewers can go online March 3 to cast their votes for nominees. Read More


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Let me know what you think =)
That's such a cool idea I've always wanted a personalized canvas or even to give it to someone as a presentReplyDelete
JazakAllah Khair! If you want one made, just let me know =)Delete
MashaAllah, beautiful work. :-)ReplyDelete
JazakAllah Khair! And thank you for the FB page like =) xDelete
Oooh so excited to order from you, will get in touch iA as soon as I've figured out what I want!
JazakAllah Khair! And yep, just let me know and i'A I'll be able to get it done for you =D xDelete
Copyright Chocoholic Hijabi. Designed by BloggerTemplate


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I cant remember ever making a resolution. New years or otherwise. Well i did stop smoking cigarettes 3 days ago, only because I'm tired of feeling like crap everyday, and I can't afford it. Now before you go congratulating me, I am puffing on a cigar several times a day. Strawberry. Keeps me from being short tempered…. I seem to be missing the G and H on my laptop keyboard! Well the dirty rotten other ships keep killing me on Battlestar Galactica. Anyway, wish me luck. Poe likes the new energetic me; He gets more walks.
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Lippa's Estate and Fine Jewelry
This classic engagement ring features a GIA certified 1.11 carat Asscher cut diamond in the center. This diamond is F color and VS1 clarity. On either side of the 1.11 carat center stone are two 0.25 carat Asscher cut diamonds that have FG color and VS clarity. The three Asscher cut diamonds are set in a simple four prong Martin Flyer platinum setting.


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March Calendar
Alliance for the Arts.Five sculptors show their work in Heads, Heart, Helmets and Horses, the first entirely three-dimensional show at the Alliance, March 9–27. A retrospective of the work of Dorothy Causey continues until March 3, and an exhibit of juried work from LAEA, Lee Arts Educators Association, begins March 30. 939-2787.
Art League of Bonita Springs.The art league hosts a campus-wide open house and Art Focus 2007, a juried regional art exhibition, March 16–23. 495-8989.
Art League of Marco Island.Members of the National Association of Women Artists display their work in Women's Perspectives, March 4–28. Also, an exhibit of nature photography is in the MacFarland Atrium Gallery, March 5–30, and the fourth annual sculpture exhibit is March 19–30. 394-4221.
BIG Arts.In the Founders Gallery, paintings by Dianne Rodwell in Painting is Her Way of Life are on display March 6–29; also, the Open Doors exhibit, showcasing the talents of young Lee County artists, starts March 30 and runs until April 26. In the Phillips Gallery, the Sanibel-Captiva Art League showcases its 31st annual juried exhibit, March 2–27; and the Southwest Florida Craft Guild will set up shop March 30 to April 26. 395-0900.
Bob Rauschenberg Gallery.New work from Rauschenberg on display in this Edison College gallery March 16 to April 14. 489-9313.
Cape Coral Arts Studio.The annual Art Focus event is March 4 from noon to 3 p.m., featuring an annual student juried exhibit. 574-0802.
Collier County Museum.Photographer John Moran showcases natural Florida in the exhibit Journal of Light: A Photographer's Search for the Soul of Florida, which continues until May 6. 774-8476.
FGCU's Art Gallery.The Rubell family opens its collection of paintings by Eberhard Havekost, which will be on display until March 31. 590-7238.
Galerie du Soleil.Arte di Napoli, featuring eight artists from Naples, Italy, runs to March 8. Awakening, a show of contemporary Chinese art, March 10–24, and Roma, the art of Il Polittico, March 24 to April 7. 417-3450.
Gallery on Fifth.Luis Sottil gets his pigments from nature. See his paintings, March 2 and 3. A solo show from modern urban-expressionist Marcus Jansen, Concrete Canvas, is March 30 and 31. 430-9200.
Gardner Colby Gallery.Frank P. Corso's 10th show in Naples, featuring oil paintings of Florida's landscape, runs to March 7. Take a Walk on the Wild Side with an exhibit from artists Kevin Sloan, Chris Augusta and Lori Watson, March 8–22. 403-7787.
IAG Galleries.Palm Beach artist Bruce Helander showcases his collage art March 16–23. 649-7339.
Journeyman Gallery.Three local artists display new work this month: muralist Erik Barton, March 1–13; mixed-media artist Jo-Ann Lizio, March 16–27; and Mexican sculptor Uriel Parker, March 29 to April 10. 597-0564.
Julia's Art.The Pine Island gallery will host a show on The Joy of Color, featuring work by several local artists, March 9 to April 9. 283-0831.
Marco Executive Airport.An exhibit from Trudy Bentley Rech continues until June 30. 263-8242.
Marianne Friedland Gallery.Master American Prints, featuring work by Frank Stella, Wolf Kahn, Jules Olitski, Al Held, Alex Katz, Sol Lewitt and Janet Fish, opens March 3 and runs to the end of the month. 262-3484.
Mullen Brown Gallery.Andrea Clark Brown Architects displays 20 years of Creative Architectural Design to celebrate the firm's 20th anniversary and new partnership with David Poorman Architects. The exhibit will also show Marilyn Brown's bold oil paintings. Opens March 23 and runs to April 23. 263-3898.
Naples Depot.An NAACP black history photography exhibit of early days in Southwest Florida is on display until March 3 along with African-Americans in WWII, from the National Atomic Museum in Albuquerque. 262-6525.
Naples Museum of Art.On display until April 21, a collection of 20th century prints from favorite artists such as Salvador Dali and Robert Rauschenberg in From Cassatt to Katz. The handwritten Saint John's Bible will be on display until April 6. Two exhibits, Impressions: Americans in France, 1860-1930 and Claude Monet: Giverney and the North of France, continue to May 13. The Great American Game: Baseball, featuring works of art and rare memorabilia, runs until May 13. In the permanent collection: Leaders in American Modernism; Masters of Miniature; and Modern Mexican Masters, through June 30. 597-1900.
New River Fine Art Gallery.A surrealist show, with work by Dali, opens March 16. A show from sculptor Tuan, March 30. 435-4515.
Rookery Bay.An annual photography exhibit continues through March 5. Then Friends of Rookery Bay and the United Arts Council present an Annual Works on Paper exhibit, opening March 8. 417-6310.
Sidney & Berne Davis Art Center,formerly known as Florida Arts Cultural Center, hosts the Florida Arts Festival, with an art show until March 23 and musical entertainment March 3, 5 and 10. 337-1933.
SONA Gallery.See earth's wonders in paint in artist Marilyn Crawford's Earth Series, March 1–20. Also, mixed media from artist David Chaffee on display in Deliberate Edges, March 23 to April 20. 530-7662.
Space 39.An exhibit—and visit—from rocker Marilyn Manson this month. Dates to be announced. 690-0004.
Von Liebig Art Center.The March 16 Samuel Edmund Oppenheim Retrospective is a one-night chance to purchase original oil paintings by Oppenheim. This is the first major collection of work by Oppenheim assembled since 1994. The show runs from 6 to 9 p.m. and tickets are $75 per person. The exhibit Golf in American Art, with paintings, photography and sculpture depicting golf, its personalities and equipment, continues to March 11. From March 24 to April 29, catch an exhibit from the International Association of Pastel Societies. 262-6517.
Weatherburn Gallery.A one-man show from Diane Leonard called Down by the Sea begins March 8, and David A. Dunlop's Reflections exhibit starts March 29. 263-8008.
Wild Child Art Gallery.The Pine Island gallery hosts a solo show from artist Carol McArdle, featuring abstract art and realism in Florida nature, March 9 and 10. 267-4750.
American Folk Trio.The trio and friends bring a night of American heritage music to the Norris Center, March 7. 213-3058.
An Evening With…Vocalist Rebecca Richardson joins the Dan Heck Quintet for an evening of jazz at the Art League of Bonita Springs, March 21 from 7 to 9 p.m. 495-8989.
Andy Cooney.The Irish singer and his musical friends perform at the Barbara B. Mann, March 14 at
7:30 p.m. 481-4849.
The Beach Boys.Hear their endless-summer sounds March 12 at 7:30 p.m. at the Barbara B. Mann. 481-4849.
Bill Mays Trio.Classic Chamber Concerts of Naples brings the jazz trio to the Sugden Community Theatre March 12 and 13. 434-8505.
Brass Band of Battle Creek.The 31-member band, featuring some of the best bass and percussion players in the world, performs showtunes, jazz, big-band favorites, classical and popular music, March 25 at 8 p.m. at the Phil. 597-1900.
Classic Chamber Concerts.Guest performers John Kitchen, Bert Phillips and Le Anne Wistrom are Going For Baroque at Bower Chapel in Moorings Park March 25 at 2 p.m. 434-8505.
Charlotte Symphony Orchestra.Tenor Ken Gayle joins the orchestra for Mendelssohn's Symphony No. 4, March 18. Also, don't miss Lights! Camera! Bon Bons!, featuring soloists Teri Hansen and Nat Chandler and guest conductor Harvey Felder, March 25. Both concerts at the Center for Perfoming Arts & Education in Punta Gorda.
(941) 505-7469.
Community Concerts.Eileen Ivers, March 13 at 7:30 p.m.; Russian National Ballet, March 19 at 7:30 p.m.; Madame Butterfly, March 25 at 2:30 p.m.; Bulgarian Symphony, March 29 at 7:30 p.m. All concerts at the Babarba B. Mann. 939-3236.
Curtis Stigers.Don't miss these intimate solo performances from this jazz singer and saxophonist, March 8–11 at 7 p.m. at the Phil. 597-1900.
Denyce Graves.The opera superstar comes to the Phil March 11 at
8 p.m. 597-1900.
Dick Hyman.The acclaimed composer performs the piano music of Bix Beiderbecke March 18 at
3 p.m. in the Phil's Daniels Pavilion. 597-1900.
Fort Myers Symphonic Mastersingers.The Mastersingers present the Florida première of Threnody, with pianist Michael Baron, March 24 at 7:30 p.m. at South Fort Myers High School. 540-7027.
Gulf Coast Symphony.All your favorite Broadway classics in Andrew Lloyd Webber Unmasked, March 31 at 7:30 p.m. at the Barbara B. Mann. 481-4849.
Golden Era of Jazz.Vince Giordano and the Nighthawks perform their jazz repertory March 30 at BIG Arts on Sanibel. 395-0900.
Inish.The Irish band, with jigs, reels, hornpipes and airs, March 15 at 6 p.m. at the Village on Venetian Bay.
Irvin Mayfield.The award-winning trumpeter and the 15-piece New Orleans Jazz Orchestra perform at the Phil March 7 at 8 p.m. 597-1900.
Jazz Central Station.The New York-style instrumental jazz trio performs March 1 from 6 to 9 p.m. at the Village on Venetian Bay.
Jon Hendricks.The Lionel Hampton Orchestra teams up with Hendricks and his daughter, Aria, for this one-night jazz performance, March 16 at 8 p.m. at the Phil. 597-1900.
Leahy.The Canadian brother-sister group, featuring Celtic music, dancing and vocals, makes its first appearance in Southwest Florida, March 17 at
8 p.m. at the Phil. 597-1900.
Legends of Rock.Terry Johnson's Flamingos and George Galfo's Mystics bring '50s and '60s doo-wop to Harborside Event Center for the fourth Legends of Rock concert, March 4 at 7 p.m.
Leon Redbone.The "most famous non-famous American musician" will perform flapper-era ditties, Depression-spawned ragtime and folk-jazz at BIG Arts on Sanibel, March 16. 395-0900.
Let's Fall in Love.Get serenaded with this revue of classic love songs, until March 3 at the Schoolhouse Theater on Sanibel. 472-6862.
Liz Callaway.The five-year member of Broadway's Cats cast and Tony-nominated star of Baby sings solo at the Phil March 22–25 at 7 p.m. 597-1900.
Naples Philharmonic Orchestra.Acclaimed Russian pianist Dmitri Ratser joins the NPO for Russian Masters, March 8–11; a group of top vocalists and the NPO perform The Great MGM Musicals, March 20–25; all shows at the Phil. Then the NPO hits the town with Schubert's Second at Wesley United Methodist Church in Marco Island, March 2 at 8 p.m. 597-1900.
Patti LaBelle.The original Lady Marmalade brings her soulful sound to the Phil March 6 at 8 p.m.
Paul Anka.The classic crooner, known for his hits Diana, Lonely Boy and You're Having My Baby, is at the Phil March 18 at 8 p.m. 597-1900.
Purdettes.Straight from Purdue University, this dynamic vocal ensemble performs at Moorings Presbyterian Church in Naples March 15 at 7:30 p.m. 261-1487.
Richard Nader's Doo Wop and Rock & Roll Reunion Tour II.Legends of doo-wop, including the Drifters and Charlie Thomas, perform March 22 at 7:30 p.m. at the Barbara B. Mann. 481-4849.
Rock On Scramble & Jam.Rock concert and auction of painted rocking chairs by local artists, celebrities and schools to benefit local charities, March 23 at Magnolia Landing. 433-8533.
Salute to Stan Kenton.Don Scaletta and the Jazz Project will pay tribute to the sounds of Stan Kenton in this concert at BIG Arts on Sanibel, March 2. 395-0900.
Sanibel Music Festival.The music festival "saves March for music" with seven concerts: the Ameret String Quartet, March 3; pianist Orion Weiss, March 6; Opera Theater of Connecticut, March 10; the New Arts Trio, March 13; violinist Rudens Turku and mezzo-soprano Mary Creswell, March 17; the Borealis Wind Quintet, March 20; and the Prazak Quartet with pianist Jon Nakamatsu, March 24. 336-7999.
Southwest Florida Symphony.Experience a Pops-Tac-U-Lar March 9 and 10 with guest conductor Erich Kunzel. Then the symphony performs The Romantics with visiting conductor Emil De Cou, March 16 and 17 at 8 p.m. Also, don't miss Classical Mystery Tour, a tribute to the Beatles, March 23 and 24. All shows at the Barbara B. Mann. 418-1500.
Sounds of Jazz.The 18th annual outdoor concert on the Calosahatchee is March 17 from 4:30 to 11 p.m. at Jaycee Park in Cape Coral. 573-3121.
Spanish Sonorities.The Philadelphia Piano Quartet performs with guitarist Allen Krantz and violinist Reiko Niiya March 4 at 2 p.m. at Edison Community College, and March 5 and 6 at Sugden Community Theatre. Part of Classic Chamber Concerts. 434-8505.
Sunday at the Bandshell.Bring your lawn chair for a free concert in Naples' Cambier Park. Naples Concert Band, March 4; Gulf Coast Big Band, March 11; Naples Concert Band, March 18; and the Naples Daily News jazz band, March 25.
Tony Danza.The sitcom star and talk show host puts on a song and dance show at the Barbara B. Mann March 20 at 7:30 p.m. 481-4849.
Vince Gill.The unofficial ambassador of country music comes to the Barbara B. Mann March 28 at 7:30 p.m. 481-4849.
William Marshall.
The baritone will perform Schumann's Dichterliebe March 11 at 4 p.m. at Vanderbilt Presbyterian Church. 597-5410.
Always, Patsy Clineat the Naples Dinner Theatre until April 10.
Bill Cosby.Need we say more? He's at the Barbara B. Mann March 30 at 5:30 and 8:30 p.m. 481-4849.
Capitol Steps.The former Senate staffers bring their hilarious act to the Barbara B. Mann March 18 at 7:30 p.m. 481-4849.
Chess.The game becomes a metaphor for rivalries, politics and intrigues in TheatreZone's production, March 8–11 in the G&L Theatre at the Community School of Naples. 451-0215.
Cirque Dreams: Jungle Fantasy.The forest comes alive with aerialists, contortionists, characters and dancers in this Cirque production at the Barbara B. Mann March 27 at 7:30 p.m. 481-4849.
Clay Jenkinson IS Theodore Roosevelt.Jenkinson returns to BIG Arts as the statesman, Rough Rider and president, March 7 at 8 p.m. 395-0900.
The Complete Works of Shakespeare.The Pelican Players put on 37 of the Bard's plays in less than two hours. This fast-paced comedy is at the Norris Center March 30 to April 14. 213-3049.
Damn Yankees.A musical comedy about a man's love for baseball, at the Broadway Palm Dinner Theatre until April 14. 278-4422.
Disney's The Lion King.Last chance to see this award-winning musical. Simba roars at the Barbara B. Mann until March 4. 481-4849.
Enchanted April.Four British women bloom in Italy in this romantic comedy performed at the Florida Repertory Theatre through March 4. 332-4488.
Fiddler on the Roof.March 23 to April 8 at the Cape Coral Cultural Park Theatre. 772-5862.
Fuhgedaboutit!This gangster romp through Brooklyn in the '40s, featuring music from Sinatra, Louis Prima and others, opens March 8 at the Schoolhouse Theatre on Sanibel. 472-6862.
Giselle.This romantic and tragic ballet is the final program from the Miami City Ballet, March 13 and 14 at 8 p.m. at the Phil. 597-1900.
Having a Wonderful Time, Wish You Were Her!A weekend away for a middle-aged couple brings the unexpected when their grown children show up. This comedy from the Pelican Players runs March 2–17 in the Norris Center. 213-3049.
Jewel Thieves.A missing necklace is the mystery in this comedy performed by the Marco Players until March 11 at the Marco Players Theater in Marco Town Center Mall. 642-7270.
Laff Past Eight.A variety act by local favorites Fred and Lee Tobias, at the Norris Center March 23 and 24 at
8 p.m. 213-3049.
Le Nozze di Figaro.The Mozart Festival Opera and musicians from the NPO bring The Marriage of Figaro to the Phil March 15 at 8 p.m., featuring internationally acclaimed opera baritone Steven White. 597-1900.
Let's Fall in Love.Get serenaded with this revue of classic love songs, onstage until March 3 at the Schoolhouse Theater on Sanibel. 472-6862.
Mame.The Tony Award-winning musical is performed by the Naples Players in Blackburn Hall at Sugden Community Theatre until March 31. 263-7990.
Mid-Life The Crisis Musical.A wacky musical about age-old situations at the Off Broadway Palm Theatre all this month. 278-4422.
Merce Cunningham Dance Company.America's greatest living choreographer and his dance troupe perform modern dance and classic works March 5 at 8 p.m. at the Phil. 597-1900.
The Oldest Profession.Fort Myers' Theatre Conspiracy presents this witty comedy about five practitioners of the oldest profession, in the Foulds Theatre at Alliance for the Arts, March 22 to April 7.
The Owl and the Pussycat,performed at the Cape Coral Cultural Park Community Theatre until March 4. 772-5862.
The Smell of the Kill.A mischievous comedy from the Naples Players in the Tobye Studio at Sugden Community Theatre. 263-7990.
Pal Joey.Follow this anti-hero in a musical comedy at the Naples Dinner Theatre until March 4. 514-7827.
Parallel Lives, The Kathy and Mo Show.Two women struggle through the rituals of modern life in this comedy from Theatre Conspiracy, until March 3 in the Foulds Theatre at Alliance for the Arts. 936-3239.
The Rainmaker.This American classic about love in a time of depression and drought comes back to the Florida Rep March 16 to April 8. 332-4488.
Rigoletto.The NPO and Teatro Lirico D'Europa bring G. Verdi's great opera to the Phil March 27 at 8 p.m. 597-1900.
Riverdance.The Irish music and dance troupe is at the Phil until March 4, performances at 8 p.m., with 2 p.m. shows March 3 and 4. 597-1900.
Say Goodnight Gracie.
Joel Rooks brings this Tony-nominated hit to the Phil straight from Broadway, March 28 and 29 at 8 p.m. 597-1900.
Robots.An interactive exhibit based on the hit kids' movie at the Imaginarium Hands-On Museum in Fort Myers until April 22. 337-3332.
Magic Carpet Concert.A small ensemble from the NPO performs a 45-minute program, demonstrates instruments and answers questions. For ages three to nine, March 17 at 9:30 and 11:30 a.m. in the Phil's Daniels Pavilion. 597-1900.
Seussical.A magical musical with favorite Dr. Seuss characters, March 27 to April 21 at the Naples Dinner Theatre's Ice Cream Theatre.
Southwest Florida Symphony.Bring your lawn chair to a free family concert from the symphony, March 4 at 4 p.m. at Estero Community Park. 418-0996.
Antique Car Show.Rare and classic cars from 1900 to 1981 from the Naples-Marco Island Antique Auto Club at the Naples Depot Museum March 3. 597-4822.
Art in the Park.Naples' oldest outdoor art festival is celebrating its 50th anniversary. This month's featured artist is Gisela Miller. The shows feature artwork from the Naples Art Association members, as well as food and entertainment. March 3 from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. in Cambier Park in downtown Naples and on Park Street by the von Liebig Art Center. 262-6517.
Bonita Springs National Art Festival.The sixth annual festival is March 10 and 11 from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. at the Promenade at Bonita Bay. 495-8989.
Country Jam 2007.Collier County Parks & Rec holds this music festival and carnival March 9 and 10 at Vineyards Park. 530-5326.
Farmers' Market.Behind Tommy Bahama on Third Street South in Old Naples, 7:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. every Saturday this month. 434-6533.
Florida Arts Festival.An art show with live performances continues until March 23 at the Sidney & Berne Davis Art Center. 337-1933.
Greek Fest. The 32nd annual party is March 2–4 at the Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church in Fort Myers. Opa! 481-2099.
Naples Antiques Show & Sale.Find treasures—antique jewelry, period furniture, artifacts and more—at the Naples show, considered one of the top four antiques shows in the country. March 8–10 at Trinity-By-The-Cove church. 262-6581.
Naples Artcrafters Show.Fine art and crafts show to raise money for the art department at Avalon Elementary School, March 10 from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. at Fleischmann Park. 352-3036.
Old Florida Festival.Celebrate Florida's past at this living history event, March 31 and April 1 at the Collier County Museum. 774-8476.
Shell Fair.The longest running shell fair in the world is at the Sanibel Community House, March 1–3. 472-2155.
Southwest Florida Reading Festival.Best-selling author David Baldacci will headline the Lee County Library System's eighth annual reading festival on March 17 at Harborside Event Center. 479-4636.
Spring Appraisal Faire.Bring those antique treasures out of the attic and get them appraised from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. at the Civil Air Patrol Hangar on Marco Island. $15 per item, $10 per item for Marco Island Historical Society members. 389-6447.
St. Patrick's Day Parade.Get your green out—and your red, white and blue—for the 29th annual parade through downtown Naples, this year dedicated to supporting the troops, March 17 at 11 a.m. 436-0050.
Thursdays on Third Street
in Old Naples March 1, 8, 15, 22 and 29. 434-6533.
Boston Red Sox.Spring Training games at City of Palms Park: Northeastern University, March 1; Toronto Bluejays and Boston College, March 2; Philadelphia Phillies, March 3; Los Angeles Dodgers, March 5; New York Mets, March 7; Toronto Blue Jays, March 8; Baltimore Orioles, March 11; New York Yankees, March 12; Pittsburgh Pirates, March 14; Cincinnati Reds, March 17; Minnesota Twins, March 20; Baltimore Orioles, March 23; Florida Marlins, March 25; Pittsburgh Pirates, March 27; and Tampa Bay Devil Rays, March 29. Call for times, 332-8423.
Florida Everblades.Our local ECHL team takes on the Pensacola Ice Pilots, March 9 and 10; the South Carolina Stingrays, March 13 and 14; and the Columbia Inferno, March 23 and 24. All games at 7:30 p.m. at Germain Arena. 948-7825.
Flower Show.The Naples Garden Club hosts its 54th annual Flower Show on March 31 and April 1 from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. at the Naples Botanical Garden. 262-3137.
The Harlem Globetrotters.The basketball showmen are at Germain Arena March 2 at 7 p.m. 334-3309.
Minnesota Twins.Spring Training games at Hammond Stadium: Cincinnati Reds, March 2; Boston Red Sox, March 4; Los Angeles Dodgers, March 6; Pittsburgh Pirates, March 7; Boston Red Sox, March 8; Tampa Bay Devil Rays, March 10; Florida Marlins, March 12; St. Louis Cardinals, March 13; Baltimore Orioles, March 15; Philadelphia Phillies, March 18; Cincinnati Reds, March 21; Toronto Blue Jays, March 23; Baltimore Orioles, March 26; New York Yankees, March 27; Boston Red Sox, March 28; and Pittsburgh Pirates, March 31. Call for times, (612) 338-9467.
Naples Botanical Garden.Dinosaurs in the Garden, an interactive exhibit featuring full-scale dinosaur replicas and a glimpse of the plant world during the Jurassic Period, is spread throughout the garden's grounds until May 15. 643-7275.
Oliver Group Champions Cup.Tennis legends Jim Courier, John McEnroe and Mats Wilander compete at this senior men's tennis tournament, the first of the 2007 Outback Champions Series, March 7–11 at the Players Club in Lely Resort. (877) 332-8499 or
Swamp Buggy Races.Time to hit the mud again, March 3 and 4 at the Florida Sports Park. 774-2701.
Art discussions.Thomas Hoving, the former director of the Met in New York, presents How To Become an Art Expert Like Me in One Hour Flat in the Phil's Hayes Hall, March 17 at 10 a.m. 597-1900. Thelma Golden, the director and chief curator of New York's Studio Museum, lectures on African-American contemporary art, March 1 at 6 p.m. in FGCU's Art Complex. 590-7238.
Ballroom dancing.Champion dancer Alex Lazo instructs in the Phil's Daniels Pavilion March 5 and 26 at 5 p.m. 597-1900.
Carl Reiner.The legendary director, actor, comedian and creator of The Dick Van Dyke Show speaks in the Phil's Hayes Hall at part of the Voices of Distinction series, March 12 at
8 p.m. 597-1900.
Colin Powell.The former Secretary of State will lecture on Diplomacy: Persuasion, Trust and Values March 23 at 6 p.m. in FGCU's Alico Arena. Powell is the third speaker in FGCU's University Lecture Series. 590-7145.
Collier Audubon Society.Avian ecologist Ted Below lectures on Ponds, Gannys and Snake Birds March 20 at 7 p.m. in the Norris Center in Naples. 643-7822.
Justin Moss.The voice of Florida Grand Opera will discuss Miami's 2007–2008 Ziff Opera House season, March 13 at 7:30 p.m. in the Norris Center in Naples. Hosted by the Naples Opera Society. 598-6110.
Lifelong Learning.From the Phil's adult education program: Phillip Gainsley discusses Russian Masters from the classical series, March 8; pianist Jeffrey Siegel discusses The Greatness of Chopin, March 1; Robert Sherman gives an Artful Conversation on classical music radio, March 6; Allen Bonde finds the humor in Beethoven's Symphonies No. 8 and No. 9, March 20; pianist Jodie DeSalvo transcribes classic pieces for the piano, March 5; Can You Improve Your Pop or Jazz Piano Playing? with Dick Hyman, March 30; learn about the opera Rigoletto with Joe Leonardo, March 2; and Leoardo also teaches about Broadway director Hal Prince, March 28; the University of Miami's Brian Curtis lectures on The Tradition of Sacred Geometry in Art, Science and Architecture, March 12, and gives an impressionist painting workshop, March 15–17; Columbia University's Rick Harris lectures on movie history with The Studio System Dies and Television is Born, March 26; learn about Mexican culture and art with the Smithsonian's Gregorio Luke, March 3. All discussions in the Phil's Toni Stabile Building unless otherwise noted. Call for specific times, 597-1900.
Literature discussions.The Phil's popular Critic's Choice discussion group mulls over Salman Rushdie's Shalimar The Clown with Elaine Newton, March 8 and 10. Notre Dame's Paul Rathburn also comes to the Phil March 10 to discuss Macbeth, as part of his Shakespeare lecture series. 597-1900.
Lunch with the Arts.Mixed-media artist Kasoundra Kasoundra celebrates Women's History Month with a discussion on the role of women in the arts, March 26 at noon at the von Liebig Art Center. 262-6517.
Naples/Fort Myers Town Hall.The lecture series continues with author Tom Wolfe March 2, and Harvard's president and Secretary of the Treasury, Lawrence Summers, March 13, at the Naples Grande Resort. 261-6524.
Masterpieces of High Art and Serious Music.The new lecture series from the Phil, featuring Florida-Atlantic University's David Courtney, continues with Realism and the Beautiful March 19, and The Fantastic (The Improbable) and the Beautiful March 26. 597-1900.
Meet the Musicians.The NPO's principal viola, Jessie Goebel, and assistant principal viola, Lisa Mattson, offer an interactive performance and discussion, March 12 in the Phil's Toni Stabile Building. 597-1900.
Nature Shoot Weekend.Hands-on learning about digital photography at outdoor locations with J. Tomas Lopez, head of photography at the University of Miami, March 2 and 3 from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. Part of the Phil's Lifelong Learning. 597-1900.
Other lectures.The president of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Dale A. Petroskey, will talk all things baseball in the Phil's Daniels Pavilion, March 21 at 10 a.m. 597-1900.
Russ Feingold.The Senator from Wisconsin and recipient of the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award will speak at the Forum at BIG Arts on Sanibel, March 17 at
2 p.m. 395-0900.
Sara Moulton.The cookbook author, Food Network star and host of Sara's Secrets will give a live cooking demonstration and lecture in the Phil's Hayes Hall as part of its Lifelong Learning, March 30 at
8 p.m. 597-1900.
Saving Florida.Environmentalist and ex-politico Bruce Babbitt will speak about the Everglades and its restoration project March 14 at BIG Arts on Sanibel. 395-0900.
Trunk shows.At Marissa Collections this month: Peter Ciesla for Bazyli Jewelry, March 1 and 2; Rena Lange's fall collection, March 6 and 7; Suzy Landa makes a personal appearance for Q Jewelry, March 15–17; Michael Kors fall collection, March 22–24; and Robert Bielka makes a personal appearance to display his fine jewelry collection, March 23 and 24. 263-4333.
All area codes 239 unless otherwise noted.
Submit events for this calendar to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Breastfeeding in the beginning was great - I watched the whole box season of breaking bad & spent a lot of time in bed eating chocolate :) Tully I swear was born shouting 'boob' he did the self wriggle and latch within minutes of being born and we didn't look back. I was fortunate not to have any problems but he was slow to put on weight at first & recover his birth weight despite being seemingly always attached- breastfeeding on demand took on a whole new meaning when a midwife demanded I breastfeed in front of her (as I must've been doing something wrong and would need to supplement with formula if I couldn't get him gaining faster) Fortunately she couldn't fault his latch and I stuck to my guns about exclusive breastfeeding.
The same midwife had told me on day 3 of my 5day labour I would end up needing a c-section (I didn't) I had more faith thankfully that my boy & my body knew what to do than all the medical staff that wanted to induce me at 18days 'overdue'. My first public breastfeed was at a quiet pizza express after registering his birth at the town hall in brighton. Pizza was an easy thing to eat whilst breastfeeding. I only ever had positive responses in the beginning & mastered breastfeeding in a sling quite early so he could feed whilst I was in the queue at Tesco!


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Precision Mail
Partner name
Precision Mail
About our partnership
Stroke Foundation are proud to have Precision Mail as a Supporting Partner.
Since 2017, Precision Mail has been committed as a Major Sponsor of the Counterstroke Golf Classic and Supporting Sponsor for Stride4stroke. In 2018, Precision Mail is the inaugural sponsor for our 'Fundraiser of the Year Award' at the 2018 Stroke Awards.
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Find out more about Precision Mail.


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As an internal medicine specialist, Dr. Nordmark is primarily concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of illness in adults.
Dr. Nordmark has a special interest in occupational medicine. From occupational medicine to employee health, Dr. Nordmark works in collaboration with patients and employers to coordinate the appropriate occupational health care.
Dr. Nordmark is married and has two sons. Dr. Nordmark enjoys playing tennis, golf and basketball.
1245 Washington Avenue
Detroit Lakes, MN 56501
M–Th: –
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(218) 846-2000
(218) 846-2114


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Dreamy Creamy Salted Caramel
$14.40 – $50.00
Maud's Righteous Blends "Dreamy Creamy Salted Caramel" is a delicious blend of medium roasted and flavored gourmet coffee. If you like creative flavor combinations, you'll love this delightfully distinctive indulgence. Premium 100% Arabica coffee beans are expertly batch-roasted by our 5th Generation Roastmaster then sealed into our advanced Recyclable pods.
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A very simple stereo amplifier circuit using TEA2025B IC chip powered by 5 volt USB. The component is quite are not very complicated just some electrolyte capacitors and ceramic capacitors as well as potentiometer. The sound is extremely loud - I am pretty sure further research to improve the circuit will produce good sound especially the bass.
The schematic is shown as below.
HomeMade | DIY | HowTo Make | Electronic Circuit Schematic | Review | Audio Amplifier | TEA2025B | LM386 | RF Amplifiers | LNA Amplifier | Guitar Amplifier Learn Electronics | Electronic for dummy | Tutorial | 4G booster
Thursday, April 20, 2017
Easy simple stereo amplifier circuit using TEA2025B IC - powered by 5 Volt USB
Posted by HowTo DIY homeMade Electronica at 9:49 AM
Labels: Electronics
Electronics | RF Amplifier | Circuit Schematics | Energy Harvesting | Free Energy | Home Improvements
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BERGENFIELD, N.J. -- Every November, the National Council of Jewish Women Bergen County Section conducts a community-wide advocacy forum. The year's program will be "LGBT Equality: Our Work Has Just Begun," Wednesday, Nov. 9, in Teaneck.
"Our distinguished presenters will discuss the gains made to protect LGBT individuals and what the community can do to help end discrimination and harassment and promote equal rights for LGBT individuals," organizers note. "More than 40 coalition partners have joined NCJW BCS on this key issue."
The event is free and open to the public.
Organizers point to sobering statistics:
- Gay, lesbian and bisexual adolescents are three times more likely than straight students to be sexually assaulted;
- More than 40 percent of gay, lesbian and bisexual adolescents have seriously considered suicide;
- 10-20 percent of lesbian, gay and bisexual adults and more than 41 percent of transgender individuals report attempting suicide, compared to 4.6 percent of the overall U.S. population; and
- Transgender individuals are four times more likely than others to live on less than $10,000 a year.
Steven Goldstein, executive director of the Anne Frank Center for Mutual Respect, will give the keynote address. Goldstein founded Garden State Equality in 2004. The organization amassed 150,000 members and won a record-breaking 216 new civil rights laws at every level in the state. He then taught law and political science at Rutgers University in Newark.
The panel includes Assemblyman Tim Eustace, Jane Clementi and Hetty Rosenstein.
Eustace was mayor of Maywood for four years, and he currently represents New Jersey's 38th District. He was the first openly gay non-incumbent to be elected to the Legislature. He led the movement to allow same-sex couples to adopt in New Jersey, and he and his husband adopted two sons.
Eustace is co-chair of the LGBT Caucus and vice-chair of the Health and Senior Services Committee. He has sponsored numerous laws in support of LGBT rights.
Clementi is a founder and board member of the Tyler Clementi Foundation. Her son, Tyler, was a victim of cyber-harassment who took his own life when he was 18. She works to end bullying in schools, workplaces and faith communities and speaks in support of LGBT rights and the need for families and communities to embrace their LGBT populations.
Rosenstein is the state director of the Communications Workers of America, the largest union representing state workers. She represents more than 70,000 working families, including more than 40,000 state workers, 15,000 county and local workers, and thousands of workers in the telecommunications and direct-care industries.
She's a strong and vocal advocate for employee rights, and for LGBT rights and equality.
State Senate Majority Leader Loretta Weinberg will moderate the panel. She is vice-chair of the Legislative Oversight Committee and the Joint Committee on Economic Justice and Equal Employment. She also sits on numerous statewide commissions and has been at the forefront of LGBT anti-discrimination throughout her career.
"NCJW believes that discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity and gender expression must be eliminated," said Bari-Lynne Schwartz and Elaine Meyerson, co-chairs of NCJW's LGBT Equality Forum.
"LGBT individuals face widespread discrimination and harassment in schools, housing, health care, employment and other areas, and the effect on their lives is devastating. We know that our distinguished panel will bring new insight into this disturbing topic."
Since its founding in 1893, NCJW's mission has revolved around quality of life concerns for women, children and families. Today, NCJW advocates tirelessly to protect the civil rights of people of all backgrounds.
RSVP by calling 201-385-4847. For more information on NCJW BCS, visit its website or Facebook page.
The forum will take place at Temple Emeth, 1666 Windsor Road. Refreshments and a business meeting will begin at 12:30 p.m., with the program following at 1:15 p.m.
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.


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What do you believe is the proper punishment for committing illegal hazing? The Centre Daily News is reporting today about the ongoing investigation into the Penn State hazing incident.
The attorney for a Penn State student who said she was badly hurt in a sorority hazing incident said he wants to see serious charges filed against those involved. Freshman Asia Trowell was punched and slapped to the point where she had two black eyes and was bleeding from the nose in early April, according to her attorney, Scott Cooper, and the account she gave to university police. Trowell left Penn State and returned to her home in Maryland. Cooper said she doesn't plan to return to Penn State.
He said that while the university is helping Trowell make the transition, there are concerns about what types of charges may be brought against Trowell's alleged attackers. Cooper said if those involved are only charged with misdemeanors and they plead the charges down to harassment, it would be the equivalent of a parking ticket. Instead, he'd like to see the Centre County District Attorney's Office look into the matter.
District Attorney Stacy Parks Miller said she is aware of the case and the investigation being conducted by Penn State police. "Once the investigation is completed, we plan to expediently file the appropriate charges that are supported by the facts and the law, as we do in every case," Parks Miller said. "As far as criticisms by anyone, since no one outside of law enforcement is privy to the many witness statements, the contents of the case file and the other evidence in this matter, it would be fruitless to respond to anyone's theory about how we might or should handle this case," Parks Miller said.
Penn State Police Chief Tyrone Parham said the incident was reported to his office April 9 and an investigation launched. "It's still under police investigation so no charges have been filed at this point," Parham said in an email. "Late last week, we sent preliminary allegation of student misconduct reports to the Office of Student Conduct."
According to that Penn State police allegation of student conduct report, Trowell told police that while pledging for Omega Essence, a "little sisters" group with the fraternity Omega Psi Phi, she was kicked in the face and side of the head by another student to the point where she was bleeding from the nose and side of her head. Eventually, she was "seeing stars" and felt like she would pass out. The allegations outlined in the report took place primarily between April 3 and 4. Police interviewed Trow-ell's roommates as well, who reportedly told police that Trowell had a black eye and appeared to have been beaten. The student Trowell said beat her denies the allegations, according to the report.
University spokeswoman Lisa Powers confirmed an investigation is ongoing and individuals are being interviewed in the case. Powers said Penn State could hold off on graduation for accused students until the university works through its judicial process. "We take accusations of this type very seriously, and we need to go through due process to determine exactly what may have happened and how to address it," she said. "If Penn State students are found to be involved in this activity, whether they are with a recognized student group or not, sanctions will be imposed."
Powers said the Omega Psi Phi Graduate Chapter that is being investigated is not a recognized student group at Penn State. Some of its members are graduate students, but others do not attend the university, she said. The Omega Essence, where the alleged hazing occurred, is a "little sister" group of the unrecognized fraternity. Powers said the national chapter of the fraternity has prohibited those organizations, also called auxiliary groups. She said Omega Essence was functioning independently of both the university and the national chapter of Omega Psi Phi.
For more on the story read the Centre Daily News at:


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$9.51 $28.99 (67% off)After Coupon Code: TGT02PLG
Save money, energy, and add a little more convenience with this Topgreener Heavy Duty Outlet Timer for electrical outlets to your home. It's listed for $11.89 but you can get it for $9.51 when you use the promo code. Shipping is free for Prime members. More Info »Claim Deal » Expired 01/16/18


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I was half way into this look when I noticed I have done something similar in the past. This is a different gold glitter though. Randomly saw this glitters on Ebay. I suck when it comes to glitters but was really determined to create this look. I was thinking of starting a glitter series...till i have succeeded in creating looks with all my glitter colors.
Thursday, January 7, 2016 MY MINI KIKO HAUL & SWATCHES
I was so excited to see Kiko cosmetics store a few weeks ago while I was doing my shopping at the mall. This brand isn't so popular but the few that know about it have nothing but nice things to say about this brand. I remember walking in and trying to swatch every eyeshadow I saw there.
Saturday, January 2, 2016 KAT VON D - VAMPIRA
It has certainly been a while! Happy new year guys! Had a lot going on and needed time off. But I'm back now and will make posts as often as I can now.


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Maserati Coupe
The Maserati Coupé and Spyder are grand tourers from 2002 to 2007. They have now been replaced by the GranTurismo.
The Coupé is a true four-seater capable of comfortably seating two adults in the back. It has a wheelbase of 104.7 inches (2,660 mm).
The Coupé and Spyder utilize the same vehicle systems – engine, transmission, suspension, and interior driver and front passenger controls and safety equipment.
Both the Coupé and Spyder have a light alloy double wishbone suspension. The rear suspension is fitted with a toe-in regulator bar, which enhances the precision of the drive train and provides balanced cornering. The front suspension layout incorporates "anti-dive" features to prevent nose-diving when braking. The suspension system is completed by front and rear anti-roll bars.
Source: Wikipedia, 2011


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Glad Tidings
Glad Tidings
50.00 71.99
Designed by Minick & Simpson
Finished Size: 52" X 52"
Classic. Vintage. Timeless. All three words perfectly describe Miss Scarlet, a collection of red an cream floral prints from Moda. Frame easy-to-piece blocks with a gorgeous floral border.
Kit includes fabric for top and binding & pattern.
Add To Cart


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It was a test of motherhood for Kim Kardashian on the season premiere of "Kourtney & Kim Take Miami." Though Kim didn't know she was pregnant yet, she got another gift of life from Kanye West: a kitten named Mercy. Right away, there was a lot of talk about just how well Kim would do being responsible for another life.
Kourtney didn't have a lot of faith in her little sister. "She's never gonna be able to take care of it," she said. "She's gonna be over this cat in five seconds."
Kim was definitely over the fact that the kitten wasn't potty-trained. "I had no idea kittens weren't already trained to just go in the litter box," she said, disgusted at the thought of having to clean up the poop. But she powered through and got the job done.
For every triumphant moment, though, there was the fact that Kim got so drunk at one point, she forgot what she'd done with Mercy. Finally, she realized that she'd left the kitten with her friend, Jonathan. Still, practice makes perfect, right?
Ultimately, Kim had to give Mercy up due to allergies. Sadly, it was reported that Mercy later died from a virus.
Will that practice help prepare Kim Kardashian for motherhood? "Kourtney & Kim Take Miami" continues on Sundays at 9 p.m. EST on E!
TV Replay scours the vast television landscape to find the most interesting, amusing, and, on a good day, amazing moments, and delivers them right to your browser.


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Boundaries and map
Barre Circle is the smallest neighborhood in the Southwest Partnership area. Its boundaries are Martin Luther King Blvd to the east, Scott St to the west, Lombard St to the north, and Washington Blvd to Barre St and Barre St to Ramsay St in the south.
Brief Neighborhood History and Description
Barre Circle is convenient to Washington Blvd and Pigtown Mainstreet, Hollins Market, and downtown. A small neighborhood of only about 120 home, its brick rowhomes date from the late nineteenth century and neighbors share two open green spaces.
Barre Circle was homesteaded in the 1980s, and many of the homes in the neighborhood have been freshly renovated with modern interiors for classic exteriors.
Upcoming Events › Barre Circle
No matching events listed under Barre Circle. Please try viewing the full calendar for a complete list of events.