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We are going paperless!
I am very pleased to inform you that from the beginning of February, Coopers Lane will no longer be sending out paper letters to Parents and Carers. All correspondence will now be distributed to you via email.
We are really excited about this positive change. This will ensure everyone is receiving our letters and help to keep you all fully informed with what is happening in school. This will also enable us to improve our carbon footprint and provide a much more efficient way of keeping you all up to date with events and information.
If you do not have an email address please speak to a member of the school office as soon as possible.
Thank you for your continued support.
School News Posts
- School Highlights 2017/18
- Coopers Lane PTA Summer Fair 2018
- Sports Relief 2018
- The Big Pedal
- Arrangements for Friday 2nd March
- Parent Survey 2018
- Art Gallery
- Junior Travel Ambassador Award Ceremony
- The Lonely Beast
- Year 4 Freshwater Theatre Roman Workshop
- Anti-Bullying Fortnight
- Poetry Perfection!
- We Scare Hunger
- Black History Month
- Open Days
- Growth Mindset
- Summer Fair 2017
- Classroom Adults 2017
- High achievement at Coopers Lane
Contacting the School
Coopers Lane Primary School is situated in Grove Park in the borough of Lewisham. The entrance to the school is in Pragnell Road, SE12 0LF
School Times
School Day
Mon-Thu 8:45am to 3:15pm,
Fri 8:45am-2:15pm
Breakfast Club 7:30am to 8:45am
EYFS/KS1 Lunchtime 12:00pm to 1:00pm
KS2 Lunchtime 12:15pm to 1:15pm
Afterschool clubs 3.30pm to 4.30pm
After school Tea Club 3:15pm to 5:45pm
School Office
Telephone: 0208 857 7680
Office Email
Ayse Mehmet – SBM (School Business Manager)
Rachel McCulloch – Senior Admin Assistant
Karen Hill – Admin Assistant/Attendance Officer
Kerry Michaels – Admin Assistant


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remword.cn receives about 60 unique visitors and 120 (2.00 per visitor) page views per day which should earn about $0.54/day from advertising revenue. Estimated site value is $266.58. According to Alexa Traffic Rank remword.cn is ranked number 4,243,069 in the world and 1.2E-5% of global Internet users visit it. Site is hosted in Chengdu, 32, China and links to network IP address 126.96.36.199. This server doesn't support HTTPS and doesn't support HTTP/2.
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The Rundown Kreeps, a Los Angeles based Ska/Pop-Punkabilly band that formed in late 2009 signed to Dunton Records, are gearing up for a 10 city tour starting in Yuma Arizona on Thursday, April 30th. From there the group has scheduled 9 other live performances in cities from Las Cruces, New Mexico to Dallas, Texas, with the last show ending in Phoenix, Arizona May 9th.
With the band being influenced by a variety of artists from the Toy Dolls, to Cannibal Corpse and Social Distortion to name a few, you can get an idea of what to expect from one of their shows, something only real music lovers and enthusiasts can respect and enjoy.
Because of their upbeat and constantly changing rhythms, quick rapid fire baselines, distorted yet melodic guitar riffs and honest lyrics they have had the opportunity to perform with great acts such as; The Weirdos, The Toasters, T.S.O.L., Mustard Plug, Unwritten Law, The Dickies, Inspector, Cheap Sex, The Stiches, and plenty of others.
Last January they released their first E.P. entitled "Breaking The Routine" which can be found on all major streaming sites including iTunes, Spotify, Xbox, Amazon, Google Play & Youtube and you can of course hear them live at one of their shows.
Be sure to check out the nearest live performance to you and go catch the new wave of great music.
Find them on their social sites:
For Management or Booking inquiries contact: firstname.lastname@example.com


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"We're excited to now offer our Facial Cleansing line in what is the fastest growing channel in the skincare category, and also where our consumer is already shopping," says Eniko Olah, senior brand manager at Kleenex. "We're committed to providing our consumers with products that deliver healthier looking skin and appreciate the importance of convenience, speed and mobility in today's fast-paced, busy environment. With this expansion, we're increasing our digital footprint and strengthening our distribution, and as a result, we're able to better serve our consumers."
Since its launch in Fall 2015, the Kleenex Facial Cleansing collection has delivered an effective, easy-to-use clean that guarantees radiant results, leaving skin healthier looking than before. The full line combines uniquely textured, multilayered fabrics infused with a pro-vitamin complex and includes:
- moist Facial Cleansing Wipes: Exclusive multilayered, textured fabric lifts and traps dirt, oil, makeup and impurities for a naturally fresh complexion. 25 wipes + refillable dispenser, $9.99
- Water activated Exfoliating Cushions: Exclusive dual-sided cushions smooth and polish the skin while the built in water-activated cleanser purifies the skin. 12 pads + refillable dispenser, $9.99
- moist Eye Makeup Removers: Exclusive fabric technology, infused with oil-free remover, to lift and trap long-lasting eye makeup with ease. 60 removers + refillable dispenser, $9.99
- Dry Cotton Soft Pads: A versatile tool to complement every part of your beauty routine. 85 pads, $4.99


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While the official date for the start of the 2018 Super Rugby season is yet to be decided, the tournament is sure to take place between the usual months of February and August.
However, while there were 18 teams in the 2017 Super Rugby competition, this will be reduced to 15 teams for the 2018 tournament. The reasons for the reduction in teams is because the Cheetahs and kings have been withdrawn by South African Rugby Union and the Force have been withdrawn by the Australian Rugby Union.
The two South African teams will join the Pro14, which mainly consists of European clubs. In truth, neither they or the Force made much of an impact in Super Rugby last season and all three teams failed to make the finals. That hasn't stopped fans of the Force being very disappointed in losing their place in Super Rugby and Rugby Western Australia plans to pursue "every possible means" to ensure the Force stay in the competition.
The Crusaders won the 2017 Super Rugby title and will start the new campaign as one of the favourites. They will be aiming to make their 13th appearance in the final and win their 9th Super Rugby title.
The next best teams in terms of Super Rugby wins are the Blues and Bulls with 3 wins each and this underlines the strength of the Crusaders. With the new season not starting until next year, the Crusaders must already be considered the team to beat, even before players have made any potential transfers during the off-season.
When looking at potential 2018 Super Rugby winners, it pays to look at the teams from New Zealand.
At least one team from the New Zealand Conference has played in each of the last 7 Super Rugby finals. You must go back to 2010 to find the last time a New Zealand team failed to make the final and that was a match between the Bulls and Stormers, two teams from South Africa.
It would be a big shock not to see at least one of the Crusaders, Highlanders or Chiefs in the 2018 Super Rugby final.
Judging by recent years, their biggest threat is likely to be the Lions from South Africa. They have reached the last two finals in Super Rugby only to leave disappointed having lost to the Hurricanes and Crusaders respectively.
The Lions have only contested those two finals and will be hoping to make it three times lucky next year.
Unfortunately, a strong challenge from Australia seems to be a long way off now and it would be a surprise to see a team from their conference making it through to the 2018 Super Rugby final.
In fact, in the last two years not a single team from Australia has progressed beyond the quarter-final stage of the tournament and it seems unlikely they will go much further than that in 2018.
It appears the 2018 Super Rugby title is in the hands of a team from New Zealand. Crusaders have won back-to-back titles before, can they do it again in 2018?


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In this study abroad course, students put their evolving understanding of feminist knowledge into practice. As a form of service learning, they will typically be engaged in providing services to a community or conducting research in the field. Written reflection on their experience is a requirement. Past sites have included South Africa, Jamaica, and Honduras, but the location will vary according to the instructor
Intended audience: Students with interest in service learning, feminist activism, and/or global feminist studies.
Course Requirements: Writing assignments will vary according to the assignment of course credit
Class Format: The course format and hours will vary depending on the number of credits.


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When did marketing to children become so prevalant? We've recently started taking greater stock of our purchases, budget, commercials, marketing, etc. and it's amazing how much is marketed to children. Personally, I find this very wrong.
This became very real in my house this weekend when Will needed new shoes. "I want skechers" - the brand name that some of the other little boys have. I could tell him any of the shoes are skechers and he'd be happy.
I took him up to Rack Room and they have mostly skechers anyways which is unfortunate. I tried to get him to try on some nikes, but the cool shoe boxes with superheroes on them that were at his eye level (of course) caught his eye. And, of course, they were skechers. I asked him if he liked the shoes or the shoe box and he said both. At least he's honest.
So, I ended up getting him skechers in a size too big because they didn't have his size. And, they did end up being the amount I had budgeted for his shoes. We talked a little about not always getting what you want and buying within our budget, but I could tell that he didn't really understand. We're going to have to work on that.
Tuesday, April 22, 2008
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In July, Dow Chemical Co., the world's second-largest chemical maker, agreed to become a worldwide sponsor of the Olympics through 2020 to gain construction sales in host cities and boost brand awareness in emerging markets.
The deal requires Olympic hosts to give Dow products preference as long as they meet a project's technical requirements and are price competitive in the region
CEO Andrew Liveris said at an IOC event in New York that Dow's board approved the sponsorship after Heinz Haller, an executive vice president, pitched it as a $1 billion sales opportunity through to 2020. Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization may reach $180 million which makes the average $72-90m rights fee a good investment without even considering the value the sponsorship brings Dow outside of the Host Cities market.
When it comes to Olympic sponsorship, supply rights are often overlooked by the wider world. For b2b sponsors, the Dow/IOC partnership may just prove a well-thumbed case-study.


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BERN, Switzerland (AP) Switzerland's justice ministry has granted an American request to extradite former Costa Rican soccer federation president Eduardo Li in the FIFA bribery case.
Li was ousted from the FIFA executive committee after being arrested on May 27 in a dawn raid at a luxury hotel in Zurich, two days before the FIFA presidential election.
The Swiss ministry says Li ''is accused of taking bribes in connection with the sale of marketing rights for World Cup 2018 qualifiers to a U.S. sports marketing company.''
More from FoxSports
Li can appeal the extradition order at Switzerland's federal criminal court within 30 days.


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Survey of the Pelican State
Natural Regions
Natural Resources
Among Louisiana's principal natural resources are fertile soil, plenty of rainfall, and a long growing season. Almost half the state is forested. The chief commercial trees are pine in the north-central area and southwest, oak in the northeast, ash in the east and south-central area, and cypress in the southern swamps. Mineral resources include salt and such fuels as petroleum, natural gas, and lignite (brown coal). Waterways on the Mississippi and Red rivers and…


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the eye impressions were made with the end of a paint brush,
the nose was made with a toothpick
the nose was made with a toothpick
tiny petals and flower also made with fimo
used a toothpick and black nail polish to paint the insides of the eyes, nose and mouth
also used a toothpick to dot the paint on
i thought it needed a little something more, so i made a lily leaf to put the face in.
i then glued a pin back on it and she's ready to be mailed off to Louisiana!
i hope my exchange partner likes her.


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Because I have received such interesting feedback on a recent blog post on the possibilities of Coca Leaf as a treatment ME/CFS, I thought that I would post Chapter 12 of "The History of Coca" by W. Golden Mortimer, MD (1901). Anyone interested in the role of fatigue, nutrition, metabolic waste in the blood, and the therapeutic role of Coca Leaf that was fully known in the 1800s and yet which has been completely ignored in the search for treatments and even cures for a range of muscular & neurological conditions will probably find this information – at a minimum – interesting.
It will also be interesting to critics of one of today's medical fads – the imposition of progressively strenuous exercise on people with CFS, ME/CFS, MS and other conditions – that Dr. Mortimer writing in 1901 is saying exactly the same thing – PET (Progressive Exercise Therapy) is potentially dangerous. I had a football coach in high school whose only response to an injury was to tell the player to "Jog it off." I remember getting seriously crunched in practice and then, on Ole' Coach's orders, doing a couple of laps with what turned out to be a broken collarbone. Finally I fainted at which point ole' coach finally decided to have an assistant toss me in a car and drive me to a hospital.
Somehow I think the spirit of "Ole Coach" lives on in a lot of doctors.
The section of this Chapter that deals with the balancing, restorative impact of Coca on body proteins is equally fascinating. It is highly suggestive of potentially safe and effective pathways to addressing some severe diseases involving protein metabolism gone awry. Alzheimer's perhaps?
Finally, I hope you will find it as fascinating as I did to read Dr. Mortimer's discussion of metabolic waste in the blood and Coca Leaf's role in cleansing the blood of this toxicity
This entire book, and several others that are equally well-written and revealing, are available along with a large hyperlinked bibliography that will take you to original 18th-19th Century source material, in my ebook "The Coca Leaf Papers". (And don't forget that you can request a free copy of this book on the "Request A Free Copy" page of this blog.
"Leaves of wond'rous nourishment.
Whose Juice Succ'd in, and to the Stomach tak'n
Long Hunger and long Labour can sustain;
From which our faint and weary Bodies find
More Succor, more they cheer the drooping Mind,
Than can your Bacchus and your Ceres joined." – Cowley.
There has been no period since the command was given Adam in the garden of Eden, when physical exertion was not essential to existence. The ancient philosophers instilled the doctrine that a sound mind is only possible in a sound body, and so Homer pictured Achilles as eating his own heart in distress because he might not fight. Idleness has been so recognized as a common precursor of discontent and melancholia, that when the children of Israel murmured against Pharaoh their tasks were wisely doubled to prevent retrospection. Occupation is not only essential to prosperity, but is morally and physically conducive to health and longevity and a rest is best attained not by total cessation, but by a change of employment. I believe it was Hammond who advised a wealthy neurasthenic to collect used corks, with the result that the patient became so interested in this unique occupation that his brooding was soon forgotten, while he became an expert in old stoppers.
With a popular regard for the benefits of appropriate exercise, the matter of athletics has been greatly overdone, and has often resulted in injury instead of the anticipated good. The early Greeks, who elaborated every form of gymnastics, only undertook the severe strain incidental to their games after a suitable preparatory period. They were encouraged to these performances – which were instituted in honor of the gods or deified heroes – through the idea that they were sacred, and in fulfillment of this the exercises always began with a sacrifice, and concluded in the same religious manner. In the period of Caesar, a victory in the Olympic games was considered such a triumph that honors were not only extended to the victor, but to his relatives and even to his place of birth. There was, however, no impromptu emulation permitted in these contests, but those who desired to compete were obliged to submit themselves for preparatory practice at least ten months before the exercises began.
Wherever there is an incentive for supremacy, there is a possibility of overstrain, and Hippocrates cautioned the athlete against the possible error of immoderate exercise. Galen foreshadowed the modem wear and tear theorists when he asserted: "much exercise and weariness consumes the spirits and substances." Sustained and straining effort in any direction, whether it be mental or physical, cannot be continued without a following train of troubles. When any function of the body is put in action there is a chemical change within the tissues which gives rise to the energy set free, and before new power may be had the substance which affords this energy must be rebuilt. While this is true of all the tissues of the body, owing to the greater bulk of the muscular system the changes are apparently more active in this organism. Incessant activity often prevents an adequate opportunity for repair.
We have seen that the Incas, during the period when their young men were preparing for knighthood, devoted the greatest attention to athletic training. It was only when the young nobles had proved themselves worthy, by appropriate exhibition of their powers of endurance, that they were presented with the chuspa in which to carry the Coca leaves, and the poporo to contain the lime to be employed in preparing the Coca for mastication. These decorations were thereafter worn through life as emblems of ennoblement, and buried with the mummied body, the Coca affording support on the journey to the unknown. The ancient philosophers were quite as ignorant of the exact changes which induced the transformation of energy displayed in muscular activity as were the Incas, or as are the modem Andeans regarding the true workings of Coca in its yield of force.
Mind, Muscle, Energy & Nutrition
The muscular system comprises two varieties of muscles. One of these acts under mental influence, while the other acts independent of the will, while the heart – which is essentially a muscle – partakes of qualities in both of these varieties. The voluntary muscles are chiefly attached to the bony framework, and are concerned in bodily movements, while the involuntary muscles enter into the formation of the blood vessels, the lymphatics and the walls of various structures, as the air passages, the alimentary canal and other important organs, as well as forming parts of the skin and mucous membranes.
The framework muscles are supported by thin sheaths of tissue, which in their interior divide by numerous ramifications and separate the contained muscular substance into bundles. These are still further divided into little fibres, each ultimate fibre being enveloped with a close network of minute blood vessels. These vessels afford an ample means for bringing nutriment to the muscle substance, as well as for carrying away the waste products which are constantly being formed, even in the state commonly regarded as absolute rest. The importance of this hurrying stream of nutriment, and waste elimination to the muscular organism, may be inferred from the estimate that one-fourth of the entire blood of the body is contained in the muscles.
When the little muscle fibres are examined under the microscope, they are seen to be made up of alternating lines which appear as light and dark striations. The darker of these lines, when viewed in transverse section, is found composed of little polygonal compartments. Within these divisions is contained a semi-fluid material which has been demonstrated to be the contractile element of the muscle substance.
The ancients presumed the muscles acted by some pulling influence exerted through the nerves. Harmonious nerve action is essential to every movement, yet muscle substance has been shown to have an inherent property of contractility quite independent of nerve influence. The chief nerves controlling the movements of the muscular system have their origin in the brain and spinal cord. These each consist of fibres conveying sensation and fibres which control motion. These latter end in expansions on the surface of the muscle in intimate contact with the contractile element, the function of which it regulates through the reflex influence of the sensory nerves. In other words a stimulation of the sensory nerves excites the motor nerves to cause muscular activity.
Each fibre is not continuous through the entire length of muscle structure, but the tapering end of one fibre is united to the body of its neighbor by a cement-like substance to form a bundle which constitutes the muscle proper. These bundles taper, or are expanded, as the case may be, to a dense fibrous tissue for attachment to different portions of the movable framework of the body. When a muscle acts, each of its individual fibres shortens through some chemical influence of the contractile element. The combined action of the fibres exerts a pull toward either end of the muscle, which occasions movement of the less fixed portion of the framework to which the muscle is attached.
The involuntary muscles have not definite tendons like the voluntary muscles, and their microscopical structure is also different, their fibres being smaller and instead of being cross-striped they are marked longitudinally. In their arrangement the fibres are so interlaced that by their contraction they lessen the capacity of the vessels or organs in the walls of which they are located.
The property of contraction is inherent in the muscle itself, and continues even after its nerve supply has been cut off. For this experiment in the laboratory, curare is employed; this paralyzes the nerve filaments deep down in the muscle substance yet leaves the muscle intact. Under these conditions though contraction will not be produced when the nerve is stimulated, movement will follow when stimulus is directly applied to the muscle substance. It is presumed that this inherent property is generated by some substance brought in the blood, which induces a chemical change in the contractile element and liberates the energy displayed as muscular movement. This change is influenced by temperature, and by the presence or absence of waste material in the muscle structure or in the circulation. Whatever this explosive substance may be, it is presumed to be built up in the muscle structure from some carbohydrate material – possibly glycogen – under the influence of a nitrogenous substance. For, as Foster has said: "The whole secret of life may almost be said to be wrapped up in the occult properties of certain nitrogen compounds." Hermann named this hypothetical substance inogen. During a muscle contraction it is inferred this carbohydrate splits into carbonic acid, sarcolactic acid and some nitrogenous material which may be myosin or a substance akin to it, the acids being carried off in the blood stream, while the proteid substance remains in the muscle to be again elaborated into the inogen energy yielding material. Helmholtz calculated that in the human body one-fifth the energy of the material consumed goes out as work, thus contrasting favorably with the steam engine, in which it hardly ever amounts to more than one-tenth.
The Key Role Of Nitrogen
According to the theory of Liebig the nitrogenous food is utilized in the building up of proteid tissues, and the non-nitrogenous food is exclusively devoted to heat producing purposes, being directly oxidized in the blood, while its excess is stored as fat. In accordance with this theory, muscular exercise increases the waste of muscle substance, while the wear and tear is estimated by the amount of urea excreted. Originally this idea was generally accepted, but was attacked from many sources when it was found that facts of subsequent research did not coincide. Troube suggested in opposition that muscle and nerve tissue is not destroyed by exercise, but that force is contributed to these tissues through the oxidation of non-nitrogenous substances of which the muscle and nerve were simply mediums of expression.
Following the idea of Liebig, that work results in wear and tear of the tissues, there should be an increased output of nitrogen during exertion, but many observers in trying to harmonize results with this view have found little increase of urea – which practically represents all the nitrogen passed out of the body – while a decided increase of urea is found from the consumption of nitrogenous foods. Among the more noted experiments which controverted the theory that the nitrogenous waste represented the relative expenditure of energy is that of Dr. Fick, Professor of Physiology, and Dr. Wislicenus, Professor of Chemistry, both of the University of Zurich. They ascended the Faulhom, two thousand metres high (6,561 feet) for the purpose of determining the resultant wear and tear upon the nitrogenous tissues from a known amount of exercise. To accurately determine this, they limited their diet to non-nitrogenous materials, taking starch, fat and a little sugar, with beer, wine and tea as beverages. For seventeen hours before the ascent they limited themselves to non-nitrogenous food, and their first examinations were made eleven hours before their start. The ascent was completed in eight hours, and after a rest of six hours they ate an ordinary meal, which included meat. The urine secreted was examined to estimate the nitrogen excreted for each hour's work, which showed the following results : Nitrogen excreted per hour. [Estimated in grammes.] Before work: Fick – 0.63, Wislicenus – 0.61; During Work: Fick – 0.41, Wislicenus – 0.39; After work: Fick – 0.40, Wislicenus – 0.40; During The Night: Fick – 0.45, Wislicenus – 0.51.
This indicates that the amount of nitrogen excreted was in relation to the food eaten and not to the work done, less relative nitrogen being passed in the "work" and "after work" periods when on a non-nitrogenous diet than during the period when nitrogenous food was eaten. The calculations were based on the amount of work which the oxidation of muscular substance containing fifteen percent, of nitrogen would produce as determined from the excreted urea. The result showed this inadequate to have enabled the experimenters to perform the task which they did, Fick's work exceeding the theoretical amount by one-half, while that done by Wislicenus was in excess by more than three-fourths the theoretical amount, without in either case considering the necessary work of the various vital processes. These facts led many experimenters to further investigation, and resulted in a decided reaction from Liebig's rigid theory, which had been accepted more literally than that physiologist intended. Instead of regarding the decomposition of proteids as the sole source of muscular energy, the carbohydrates were now looked upon as a formative element for generating force, because during muscular activity the glycogen stored in muscle disappears, to accumulate again during rest.
Pflüger, one of the most eminent of modem physiologists, in attempting to harmonize the theory of Liebig, experimented with a dog, which he kept upon an exclusive meat diet free from fat, and made him perform hard labor several times a day for weeks, during which the animal showed: "Very extraordinary strength and elasticity in all his movements." In this experiment he wished to show that all the energy produced during hard work was from the transformation of proteid. To further show whether proteid simply was compensatory, he gave a mixed diet, and this led him to the conclusion that in a diet composed of proteid, carbohydrates and fats the quantity of the two latter substances destroyed in metabolism depends wholly upon the fact whether much or little proteid be fed. His conclusions are that: "In general the quantity of carbohydrates and fat that undergoes destruction is smaller the greater the income of proteid." This may be regarded as the accepted view of modem physiologists with this qualification, that proteids must be built up from carbohydrates under a nitrogenous stimulus, just as we have seen is the process in plant structure.
The Impact Of Coca On Body Proteins
It has already been pointed out that the nitrogenous Coca has a direct bearing upon the structure of tissue through a possible quality of elaborating the carbohydrates of the protoplasm into proteids. Since the muscles form the largest bulk of tissues in the body in which chemical changes are constantly going on, it may be inferred how important is this upbuilding of the complex substance by which muscle activity is produced. The action of Coca on yeast as well as penicillium and other low organisms indicates its peculiar activity upon protoplasm. The experiments of Huxley and Martin long since showed that penicillium can build itself up out of ammonium tartrate and inorganic salts, and can by a decomposition of itself give rise to fats and other bodies, and we have every reason, says Foster, to suppose this constructive power belongs naturally to all native protoplasm wherever found. At the same time we see, even in the case of penicillium, it is of advantage to offer to the protoplasm as food, substances which are on their way to become protoplasm, which thus saves the organism much constructive labor. "It is not unreasonable, even if opposed to established ideas, to suppose that the animal protoplasm is as constructive as the vegetable protoplasm, the difference between the two being that the former, unlike the latter, is as destructive as it is constructive, and therefore requires to be continually fed with ready constructed material."
In further support of the influence of Coca upon the formation of proteid it may be again emphasized that the nitrogen found in the urea is not a measure of the proteid transformation of the body. This conclusion would be justified if it were known that all nitrogenous cleavage products of the proteid molecule without exception leave the body. But there is no ground for such belief. On the contrary, there is no fact known to contradict the idea that nitrogenous cleavage products of the proteid molecule can rebuild themselves synthetically again into proteid with the aid of new non-nitrogenous groups of atoms. This latter possibility has been overlooked, and in consequence views have arisen, especially in relation to muscle metabolism, which though bearing the stamp of improbability have been accepted and handed down, but which recently have been criticized by Pflüger.
Urea – The Toxic Waste Of Nitrogenous Protein Metabolism
Just where urea is manufactured in the organism is not definitely known. It is presumed that kreatin, xanthin and other nitrogenous extractives which are found in the circulation resulting from tissue activity may be converted either by the blood or by the epithelium of the kidneys, and discharged as urea. In certain kidney diseases it is known that these waste products are retained in the circulation, "with consequent symptoms of poisoning. In addition to this it has been found that an increase of nitrogenous food rapidly augments this excretion, the products of intestinal digestion, the leucin and lyrosin, being carried to the liver and converted by the liver cells to urea, and this organ is considered at least the chief organ of urea formation.
It has been found that in functional derangements of the liver, when the normal urea formation is interfered with, there is imperfect oxidation of the products which should be eliminated as urea, and a deposit of lithates occurs in the urine as a signal of imperfect oxidation. This also may follow excessive exercise. In serious organic diseases the urea excretion may cease entirely, being replaced by the less oxidized leucin and tyrosin, M. Genevdix, from observations of his own and those of Charcot, Bouchardat and others, concludes that disorders of the liver which do not seriously implicate the secreting structure of that tissue increase the amount of urea excreted, while graver disorders diminish it very considerably." A Belgian physician, Doctor Rommelaere, maintains that diagnosis of cancer of the stomach may be made when the urea excretion falls and continues below ten grammes a day for several consecutive days.
The average excretion of urea is sixteen grains an hour, the excretion fluctuating between thirteen and twenty-five grains, being greater soon after eating, and much less during the early morning hours. Uric acid, which is probably a less advanced form of oxidation, being present in the relation to urea as one to thirty-five, its relation to body weight being three and a half grains per pound; thus when urea excretion equals thirty-five grains for each ten pounds of body weight, there is commonly present one grain of uric acid. The effect of these waste products in the tissues is to so impede the functions of the cells as to occasion symptoms of depression and fatigue, whether this be manifested by irritability, drowsiness or profound muscular tiredness. There is a loading up – not necessarily within the cells of the tissues, but in the blood stream which supplies these – of excreta which vitiates the proper pabulum of the protoplasm, and a period of rest is absolutely necessary to enable the tissues to get rid of this matter before a healthful condition may be resumed.
Origins & Mechanisms Of Physical Fatigue
All the symptoms of fatigue are due to the effort of the tissues at repair. There is an increase of respiration to bring the necessary increase of oxygen demanded, and accompanying this respiratory effort there is a frequency of the heart beat, while the body becomes cool because its heat is lessened through the evaporation of perspiration. In protracted fatigue there may be a rise of temperature due to irritation by the increased force of the blood stream, occasioning sleeplessness, while the digestive functions are interfered with because of the excessive demands of other organs on the blood stimulus.
In over-exertion, where there is actual loss of proteid tissue, the effects of prostration and tiredness may not be experienced immediately, but only after several days. Similar symptoms to these accompany the infectious diseases when the blood is loaded with the products formed by invading bacteria. Again they are manifest when the organism is poisoned through toxic products of indigestion. These may be simply the products of proteid decomposition – leucomaines as they are termed, or they may be ptomaines produced by the activity of certain micro-organisms which affect the body through the toxic principles which they elaborate. Some of these are excessively poisonous in minute doses, and are chiefly developed in such articles of food as milk, ice cream, cheese, sausage and canned fish. It has been inferred that the muscles may also produce toxins which by their presence give rise to poisonous symptoms.
From whatever source they may have been derived, waste products in the blood impede the action of all the tissues of the body. This influence is well shown in the laboratory upon a prepared muscle, the contractions being recorded by a series of curves upon a suitable machine. Following stimulation there is a short interval known as the latent period, and then contraction is indicated by a rising curve commencing rapidly and proceeding more slowly to a maximum height, and as the muscle returns to its normal condition there is a descending curve, at first sudden and then more gradual. After repeated shocks of stimulation these curves become less marked, until the contractions record almost a continuous line – a condition which is termed muscular tetanus.
Such tired muscle has a longer latent period than a fresh one, and a stronger stimulation is necessary to produce contractions equal to those at the beginning of experimentation. Bernard experimented with blue bottle flies – rausca vomitoria, and found that the muscle of fatigued flies compared with that of flies at rest showed microscopical distinction, the contractile disks of the tired muscle being almost obliterated, while the capacity of such a muscle for taking a stain for microscopic examination evidenced an important difference over that of normal muscle, the whole contents of the segments staining uniformly, indicating that extraordinary exertion had used up the muscular substance more rapidly than it was repaired.
Ranke found that by washing out a fatigued muscle with common salt solution, though it added no new factor of energy, it freed the tissue from poisonous excreta and enabled it to again perform work. To confirm this a watery extract of fatigued muscle, when injected into fresh muscle, occasioned it to lose its working capacity. Mosso has also shown by experiments on the dog the presence of these fatigue substances. When the blood of a tired dog was injected into a dog which had been at rest all the phenomena of fatigue were manifest, but when the blood injected was from a normally resting dog no such symptoms were induced. This physiologist has shown that in man small doses of cocaine remove the fatigue sense and raise muscular ability above normal.
Dr. Alexander Haig, of London, attributes all the symptoms of depression and fatigue as due to the presence of uric acid in the blood, which he regards as the particular poison of the excreta. Uric acid, he claims, obstructs the capillaries throughout the entire body, the consequent deficient circulation preventing a proper metabolism by retarding the removal of waste products.
The relative excretion of waste is influenced not only by the routine of living, but by changes in the weather, tiredness being more easily produced in warm than in cold weather because of the increased elimination of acids by perspiration raising the alkalinity of the blood and permitting the passage of an excess of uric acid from the tissues into the blood. With this excess there is a diminished excretion of urea accompanied by the symptoms of fatigue. Exercise when excessive increases the formation of urea, which may at first be carried off in a free blood stream, but when the flow in the capillaries is diminished through the presence of uric acid in excess, the urea excretion is retarded and fatigue is manifest.
Cocaine, it is found, will free the blood of uric acid and abolish all the symptoms of fatigue both of mind and body, doing this by raising the acidity of the blood and so directly counteracting the effect of exercise by preventing the blood becoming a solvent for uric acid. The effect of he pure blood is to produce a free circulation with increased metabolism in the muscles and nerve centres. When the blood is loaded with excreta the circulation is retarded and there is high blood pressure, which may ultimately result in dilatation of the heart.
The long train of troubles which may follow retention of waste have been found to be worse during the morning hours when the acid tide of the urine is lowest. These conditions are all relieved under the influence of Coca, a knowledge of which has been gleaned from its empirical use. As an instance of this, a lady suffering from a severe influenza accompanied with rheumatism, was induced to try a grog of Vin Mariani – as advocated by Dr. Cyrus Edson in the treatment of La Grippe, and much to her surprise found that she was not only cured of her cold, but entirely relieved from the symptoms of her rheumatism as well, despite a preformed prejudice against Coca in any form. Acting upon this suggestive hint, I have found that alternate doses of Coca and the salicylates constitute an admirable treatment for rheumatism.
Coca Leaf & The Elimination Of Physical Fatigue
The influence of Coca in banishing the effects of extreme fatigue is well illustrated in an account of its use communicated to me by Dr. Frank L. James, Editor of the National Druggist, St. Louis. While a student at Munich he experimented with the use of Coca upon himself at the request of Professor Liebig, whose pupil he was. On one occasion, when exceedingly tired both physically and mentally, he was induced to try chewing Coca after the proper Peruvian fashion with a little llipta. Before commencing this experiment he was hungry, but too tired to eat and too hungry to sleep. In a few moments after beginning to chew hunger gave place to a sense of warmth in the stomach, while all physical weariness disappeared, though mentally he was still somewhat tired and disinclined to read or study, though this condition soon passed away, giving rise to an absolute eagerness to be at some sort of exercise. These sensations lasted altogether for probably three hours, gradually passing off after the first hour, leaving the subject none the worse for his experience and able to eat a hearty dinner the same evening.
Some years afterward, while practicing in the South, this gentleman returned from a thirty-six hours' ride so tired as to necessitate being helped off the horse and up-stairs to his room. While preparing for bed his eyes fell upon a package of Coca leaves which he had recently received by way of San Francisco, and the idea immediately occurred to him to repeat the experiment of his student days. In the course of a quarter of an hour – following the chewing of probably a drachm of Coca leaves – he felt so refreshed and recuperated that he was able to go out and visit patients about the town to whom he had previously sent word that he was too tired to call on them that night. In describing the result, Dr. James said: "I was not very hungry at the time before taking the Coca, but all sense of the necessity or of a desire for food vanished with the weariness."
Professor Novy, of the University of Michigan, is referred to by one of his former classmates as having formed one of a group of experimenters upon the use of Coca leaves. The influence being tested during a walk of twenty-four miles, taken one afternoon without any other nourishment but water and Coca. Over four miles an hour was averaged, and although unaccustomed to such long walks or vigorous exercise, no special muscular fatigue was experienced by four of the party who chewed the leaves almost constantly during the journey. No change was noted in the urine and no depression was experienced the next day. One who did not chew Coca, but was addicted to alcohol and chewed tobacco constantly, was somewhat more fatigued than the others, and suffered considerably from soreness of the muscles on the following day.
The experience of Sir Robert Christison, of Edinburgh, with the use of Coca upon himself and several of his students, is full of interest because of his extended experiments and the high rank of the investigator. Two of his students, unaccustomed to exercise during five months, walked some sixteen miles without having eaten any food since breakfast. On their return they each took two drachms of Coca made into an infusion, to which was added five grains of carbonate of soda, in imitation of the Peruvian method of adding an alkali. All sense of hunger and fatigue soon left, and after an hours walk they returned to enjoy an excellent dinner, after which they felt alert during the evening, and their night's sleep was sound and refreshing. One of these students felt a slight sensation of giddiness after drinking the infusion, but the other experienced no unpleasant symptoms. Ten students, under similar conditions, walked varying distances, from twenty to thirty miles, over a hilly road. Two of these were unable to remark any effects from the use of Coca, several felt decided relief from fatigue, while four experienced complete relief, and one of these had walked thirty miles without any food. Professor Christison, though seventy-eight years of age and unaccustomed to vigorous exercise, subsequently experimented on himself by chewing Coca leaves with and without llipta, some of which had been forwarded to him from Peru. He first determined the effect of profound fatigue by walking fifteen miles on two occasions without taking food or drink. On his return his pulse, which was normally sixty-two at rest, was one hundred and ten on his arrival home, and two hours later was ninety. He was unfit for mental work in the evening, though he slept soundly all night, but the next morning was not inclined for active exercise. Then, under similar conditions, he walked sixteen miles, in three stages of four, six, and six miles, with one interval of half an hour, and two intervals of an hour and a half. During the last forty-five minutes of his second rest he chewed eighty grains of Coca, reserving forty grains for use during the last stage, even swallowing some of the fibre. He felt sufficiently tired to look forward to the end of his journey with reluctance, and did not observe any particular effect from the Coca until he got out of doors and put on his usual pace, of which he said: "At once I was surprised to find that all sense of weariness had entirely fled and that I could proceed not only with ease, but even with elasticity. I got over the six miles in an hour and a half without difficulty, and found it easy when done to get up a four and a half mile pace and to ascend quickly two steps at a time to my dressing room, two floors up-stairs; in short, I had no sense of fatigue or any other uneasiness whatsoever."
During this walk he perspired profusely. On reaching home his pulse was ninety, and in two hours it had fallen to seventy-two, showing that the heart and circulation had been strengthened under the influence of Coca. The urine solids were the same as during the walk without Coca. In describing this walk, he said: "On arrival home before dinner, I felt neither hunger nor thirst, after complete abstinence from food and drink of every kind for nine hours, but upon dinner appearing in half an hour, ample justice was done to it." After a sound sleep through the night he woke refreshed and free from all sense of fatigue. An influence of Coca not anticipated was the relief of a tenderness of his eyes, which during some years had rendered continuous reading a painful effort. In another trial at mountain climbing, he ascended Ben Vorlich, on Loch Earn, 3,224 feet above the sea. The climb was along a rugged foot path, then through a short heather and deep grass, and the final dome of seven hundred feet rise was among blocks and slabs of mica-slate. The ascent was made in two and a half hours, the last three hundred feet requiring considerable determination.
His companions enjoyed a luncheon, but Sir Robert contented himself chewing two-thirds of a drachm of Coca, and after a rest of three-quarters of an hour was ready for the descent. Although this was looked forward to with no little distrust, he found upon rising that all fatigue was gone, and he journeyed with the same ease with which he had enjoyed mountain rambles in his youth. The experimenter was neither weary, hungry nor thirsty, and felt as though he could easily have walked four miles to his home. After a hearty dinner, followed by a busy evening, he slept soundly during the night and woke refreshed in the morning, ready for another days exercise. During the trip he took neither food nor drink of any kind except chewing sixty grains of Coca leaves. Eight days after this experiment was repeated, using ninety grains of Coca. The weather had changed and the temperature was forty-four degrees at the top of the mountain and a chilly breeze provoked the desire to descend. While resting sixty grains of Coca was chewed. The descent was made without halt in an hour and a quarter, and followed by a walk of two miles over a level road to meet his carriage. He then felt slightly tired, because three hours had elapsed since he had chewed Coca.
In summing up his experience Professor Christison says: "I feel that without details the general results which may now be summarized would scarcely carry conviction with them. They are the following: The chewing of Coca not only removes extreme fatigue, but prevents it. Hunger and thirst are suspended, but eventually appetite and digestion are unaffected. No injury whatever is sustained at the time or subsequently in occasional trials." From sixty to ninety grains are sufficient for one trial, but some persons either require more or are constitutionally proof against the restorative action of Coca. From his observations there was no effect on the mental faculties except to prevent the dullness and drowsiness which follow great bodily fatigue.
Coca Leaf & Muscle Foods
It is a matter of much interest to determine just what food is appropriate to generate muscle or to stimulate the tissues for work. As the capacity of an organ is in proportion to its bulk – under proper conditions – it seems essential that proteids should be eaten in order to create the muscle substances of which they form so great a part; but as has been repeatedly indicated, no one variety of food makes that same variety of tissue. All conversion in the body is due to a chemical change within the cell of the tissue; the food taken in is broken down by the digestive processes, and after assimilation is doled out according to the particular requirements of the individual parts of a normal organism.
The muscles are not set at work from the immediate intake of food, but are rendered capable for action by a chemical conversion of the material already stored up in the tissues, which is elaborated into energy as it may be required. It would seem as though this fact had not been carefully considered when calculating the effect of any diet upon muscular exertion during a brief period. The capacity of the body for work is due to the integrity of its tissue and the ability to draw suitable supplies from these stored substances. It is the appropriate conversion of this stored-up material which constitutes energy in a capable being rather than a mere automatism. Without this power of conversion the human organism would simply be clogged up by an accumulation of fuel which would impede rather than create activity. The body should not be regarded as a machine constituted with certain working parts which are gradually worn out through the so often expressed "wear and tear." The facts long since have proved that life is a succession of deaths. The highest type of physical life is that which is capable of the greatest activity, creating useful energy and properly eliminating the waste matters resulting from the chemical changes from this conversion. Indeed, one of the gravest problems in the maintenance of a healthful activity is the one of excretion. To the retention of waste products in the blood or tissues a whole train of ills, both physical and mental, is unquestionably due, whether this poison be uric acid or not.
Preoccupied humanity seems constantly seeking some medicinal measure toward buoyancy and vigor rather than regarding the rational effects of appropriate eating and proper exercise. The success of many patent nostrums is chiefly based upon the fact of the necessity for elimination, and a good diuretic or laxative disguised as a panacea for all ills often produces the required result. As to the proper food essential to promote the greatest energy there have been many conflicting conclusions drawn from the known physiological facts. On the one side it has been asserted that all energy is induced from nitrogenous substances, while on the other side equally competent observers have asserted that the non-nitrogenous substances are alone used; yet all the evidence points to the fact that the constructive metabolism in animals is paralleled by similar processes in plant life, in which it has been shown that carbohydrates are built up into proteids, while these latter are also broken down into carbohydrates, and each of these may be converted again and again under the appropriate stimulus of the other substance. We know that starch, which is the representative of the carbohydrate class, is converted into glucose and carried to the liver to be stored up as the animal starch – glycogen – and as the various tissues of the body are called into activity this stored-up material is hurried to them in a soluble form to be utilized by the cell in the production of energy. When meat is eaten – which is the representative type of the nitrogenous class – its proteid material is changed into a soluble peptone, and this, carried to the liver, is converted into glycogen, which indicates, as has been proven by experiment, that either class of food substance is capable of maintaining the functions of the body so long as the chemical elements comprising the food taken be appropriate. While the meat eater and the vegetarian are each right, they are equally both wrong when advocating an exclusiveness in either dietary. The fact is, as will be shown in the chapter upon dietetics, it is purely an individual matter as to what particular food may be best. It all depends upon the body, or the machine – as you will – as to what substance each particular organism shall have the privilege of converting into energy.
While the body may be supported on either class of foodstuffs for a time, a man would surely starve as quick on a purely nitrogenous dietary as he would upon one purely non-nitrogenous. It will be recalled that the experiment of Fick and Wislicenus was conducted upon a food, the solid portion of which was carbohydrate, but with this tea was drunk as a beverage. Tea loaded with Xanthin would afford sufficient of the nitrogenous element to convert the stored-up carbohydrates to action, but as Haig and Morton have both shown, tea contains so much of an equivalent to uric acid that it could not long be relied upon as an energy exciter, for while the tissue might be stimulated for a time, waste matter would soon be augmented in the blood. Coca, as we have seen, has the quality of freeing the blood from waste material, and yet possesses sufficient nitrogenous quality to convert the stored- up carbohydrates into tissue and energy. The Andeans are a race small of stature and of low muscular development. The average American or European could easily tire a native Indian in a day's travel, but while the former continuing on an ordinary diet would soon become stiff, the Indian sustained by Coca remains fit and active, and is apparently fresh and ready after a hard day's jaunt. It seems probable that this condition is occasioned through the converting influence of the nitrogenous Coca acting upon the stored-up carbohydrates of the Andean's accustomed dietary. Thus while promoting metabolism and increasing energy the blood current is at the same time kept free.
The custom of the Andean to measure distances by the cocada has already been referred to; it is the length of time that the influence of a chew of Coca will carry him – equal to a period of some forty minutes – and during which he will cover nearly two miles on a level ground or a mile and a quarter up hill. Taking the suggestion from this a preparation of Coca made in Paris known as 'Velo-Coca," is purposely intended for the use of bicyclists, a given dose of which is calculated to sustain the rider through forty kilometres – twenty-five miles. The advantage of Coca in long distance contests has long been known to certain professionals, who have endeavored to keep their use of this force sustainer a secret.
Some years ago the members of the Toronto La Crosse Club experimented with Coca, and during the season when that club held the championship of the world Coca was used in all its important matches. The Toronto Club was composed of men accustomed to sedentary work, while some of the opposing players were sturdy men accustomed to out of door exercise. The games were all very severely contested, and some were played in the hottest weather of one summer; on one occasion the thermometer registered 110oF. in the sun. The more stalwart appearing men, however, were so far used up before the match was completed that they could hardly be encouraged to finish the concluding game, While the Coca chewers were as elastic and apparently as free from fatigue as at the commencement of the play. At the beginning of the game each player was given from one drachm to a drachm and a half of leaves, and this amount, without lime or any other addition, was chewed in small portions during the game. The first influence experienced was a dryness of the throat, which, when relieved by gargling with water, was not again noticed, while a sense of invigoration and an increase of muscular force was soon experienced, and this continued through the game, so that fatigue was resisted. The pulse was increased in frequency and perspiration was excited, but no mental symptoms were induced excepting an exhilaration of spirits, which was not followed by any after effects.
Coca Leaf & Healthy Blood Circulation
As has been shown, fatigue and its ills is occasioned by a diminution of the elements necessary to activity as well as to an excess of waste materials in the blood. This latter cause alone explains many problems dependent upon this condition which are commonly assigned to other causes. Under this hypothesis it is easy to appreciate not only the cause of muscle fatigue, but the irritability from nerve tiredness as well as the restlessness in wasting disease. When the tissues are not supplied with a blood stream that is pure and uncontaminated they cannot respond healthfully. A blood current already overburdened with waste can neither stimulate to activity nor carry off the burden of excreta.
The power of Coca to relieve the circulation, and so bring about a condition indicating a free blood stream, has been emphasized by a host of observers. Speaking of the action of but one of its alkaloids, Dr. Haig says: "Some have asserted that it is oblivion men seek for when they take opium, cocaine, etc., I believe this to be a great error. Give me an eternity of oblivion and I would exchange it for one hour with my cerebral circulation quite free from uric acid, and opium or cocaine will free it for me. When the blood stream is free the pulse tension is reduced, the rate is quickened, and the increased flow alters the mental condition as if by magic; ideas flash through the brain; everything is remembered."
Hitherto the usual explanation that has been advanced as to the influence of Coca – when any influence has been accorded – has been its stimulant action upon the nerves. In view of the facts set forth in this research such a theory seems inadequate. I have endeavored to show by a succession of facts and many examples, that the sustaining influence of Coca in fatigue, as well as its curative power in so many diseased conditions, as to render it a seeming panacea, is largely due to a direct action upon the cells of the tissues, as well as through the property which Coca has of freeing the blood from waste. This influence may chiefly be upon the brain or upon the muscular structure, in accordance with the relative proportion of the associate principles present in the Coca leaf employed. Under this hypothesis, based upon physiological research as well as upon the theory of the formation of proteid in plants and in animals. Coca not only stimulates the cells to activity and so sets free energy, but may build up new tissue through exciting the protoplasm to appropriate conversion. Such an hypothesis is certainly plausible when we consider the action of amides and other nitrogenous elements in plant structure. This is again emphasized by its harmony with recent theories of Pflüger regarding the building up of proteid tissue in the animal organism. So much testimony points to this conclusion that in the entire absence of other scientific explanation this is certainly worthy of serious consideration. The facts of which will be more specifically elaborated in the chapter on physiology.


text:
Fire Guts Sacramento Home
No One Was Hurt
Fire Guts Sacramento Home
No One Was Hurt
SACRAMENTO, Calif. (KCRA) —
A Sacramento house was gutted by flames Friday morning.
Five people lived at the home on 39th Avenue near Mendocino Boulevard, but two were at work when the fire started.
The residents smelled smoke and got out.
Sac Metro Fire is handling the investigation. No further details, including a cause, were released.


text:
IT Specialist
47.610542, -122.142426)
Cause Areas
WhenIt's flexible! We'll work with your schedule.
WhereP.O. Box 286Bellevue, WA 98007
Do you have a knack for understanding ever-evolving hardware and software systems? Come help make equal access to justice in our community a reality by assisting Eastside Legal Assistance Program (ELAP)'s offices with technical support. Your role in this position will be to provide IT support and solutions so we can deliver and monitor ELAP programs.
- Provide systems analysis and assistance with troubleshooting;
- Assist with computer and software configuration and set up;
- Assist in establishing specifications for new hardware;
- Report to Chris Lovings, Volunteer Coordinator
This volunteer position requires an average of eight - ten hours (8-10) per week. We ask for a minimum one year commitment.
- Knowledge of PC systems and software;
- Knowledge of cloud computing;
- Knowledge of Microsoft products and services;
- Knowledge of data security systems;
- Hands-on experience with all of the above.
- Great way to make a difference in the community by using your skills to serve vulnerable populations and make equal access to justice a reality;
- Access to trainings for non-profit civil legal need organizations;
- Opportunity to work with experienced and committed professional in the field of civil legal aid.
Application Process:
Go to www.elap.org and complete ELAP General Volunteer Application Form. Include resume.
- Security / Network Administration
- PC Platform
- Microsoft Office Suite
- IT Management
- IT Consulting
- Network Administration
Good Match For
Requirements & Commitment
- Background Check
- Must be at least 21
- 8-10 hours per week.


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- About Us
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|About Us
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|Ways to Give
May 30, 2012
Because it's never too early to learn about health and safety, LHSC's occupational health and safety services team held a children's picture colouring contest earlier this month as part of the hospital's North American Occupational Safety and Health Week (NAOSH) activities. The contest was open to all LHSC employees' children and grandchildren. Children submitted a poster relating to health and safety at work or at home, which they drew and coloured, and one lucky entry at each of our three hospital sites was awarded a great prize from Scholar's Choice.


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Photos of RiverScape Apartment Homes
We pride ourselves on having a beautiful community and impeccably furnished model to showcase what apartment life is like at RiverScape. Have a look around – don't miss the peaceful clubhouse with full kitchen, conference room, and café tables. The gym includes cardio, strength equipment, and plenty of floor space for all your yoga and Pilates moves. A car care center and covered parking options are all located conveniently to each building.
The expansive windows in the living room give an open and airy feel. Head out the door to your patio for a cup of coffee or cold beverage at the end of the day. Note the walk-in closets and full size washer/dryers in the separate utility room – giving you lots of room to spread out to organize your clean laundry!


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Paperless Office Cartoon
on June 20, 2013 at 11:34 am
Posted In: misc
Hi Shannon, I am presenting at the Information Technology in Aged Care Conference in November on the Gold Coast Australia. I would like to use your paperless office cartoon and am wondering how much you would charge, thanks. Link to abstract attached: https://custom.cvent.com/5DDB5E4BC6A14330BEF61511D8C38387/files/aaef3c4fc7a345eebae3a0fac3de5638.pdf


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Posted by Pascalouphotos (Savigny, Switzerland) on 27 September 2008 in Plant & Nature and Portfolio.
l'automne est arrivé !
Autumn is here!
Mon site photo : http://www.pascalouphotos.ch/
A very beautiful image, perfect colors of autumn. Congratulations!
28 Sep 2008 2:21am
Add your comment ...
Canon EOS 350D1/500 secondF/7.1ISO 40060 mm
Photography by Pascalouphotos © 2018
Powered by Aminus3 Photoblog Software


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Views: 645, Replies: 4 » Jump to the end
May 8, 2015 8:03 PM CST
|We have a large patio that was a job to sweep I would usually end up washing it down with the garden hose. I ordered this broom this spring and it makes short work of the job and is much easier to use than any other outdoor broom. Thought some of you might like to know about this time saver it now takes me a fraction of the time I use to spend cleaning the patio. I will be using it on sidewalks and the driveway when needed. I am thrilled with this broom!!!
If you want to be happy for a lifetime plant a garden!
Faith is the postage stamp on our prayers!
Betty MN Zone4 AHS member
May 9, 2015 12:31 PM CST
|Looks kind of like a cross between a broom and a leaf rake. Be curious to know how well it holds up.
Confidence is that feeling you have right before you do something really stupid.
May 9, 2015 2:21 PM CST
|Oh, I'd never heard of that but it reminds me of a push type broom that we had many years ago that had stiff coir-like bristles. I think it would be awesome for sweeping hard surfaces outdoors!
~ Playing in the dirt is my therapy ... and I'm in therapy a lot! ~
May 9, 2015 4:20 PM CST
|They say it holds up well. I use it just like you would a broom in the house in other words I do not push it but sweep with it just like you would a floor in the house. The website I posted might have a video.
I recently saw it in a Menards ad.
If you want to be happy for a lifetime plant a garden!
Faith is the postage stamp on our prayers!
Betty MN Zone4 AHS member
May 11, 2015 7:12 PM CST
|I bought one I think 3 years ago and it is still hanging in but getting a bit tired (some of the bristles have fallen out). But, I often leave it out in the weather (rain and sun) which likely hasnn't help it. I love it and when it gives up the ghost I'll be on the look-out for a new one. Got mine at a local flower show for $20.
I want to live in a world where the chicken can cross the road without its motives being questioned.
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Garmin acquired the company Interphase Technologies, FLS sonar specialist and night vision systems, so that before long we have Interphase technology, integrated with Garmin navigation screens.
The new devices that use this technology will be easier to use and Garmin already working on three new thermal imaging cameras video and low light intensity.
These infrared vision cameras can be operated directly from the new multifunction displays 4000, 5000, 6000 and 7000 without the need to acquire additional monitors.
These new devices installed in our boat use a NMEA 2000 network signals for easy installation of the system, these new thermal cameras GCT 30 and GCT 20 can continue to live on purpose.


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Question about Mitsubishi WS-55807 TV
My Mitsubishi 55" TV died. No sound, no picture, nothing. It's dead as a doornail. Its only 4 1/2 years old. Any suggestions?
Posted by Norma1117 on
If you are lucky, it's only a blown fuse. Some tv's this large have more than one fuse, so look real hard and find all fuses. If fuses are good, then about 95% of the time, when you have no picture/no sound, the problem is a bad H.O.T. This is a large transistor with three pins soldered into the main board and is very easy to find because it is connected to a metal "heat sink". Look for a large red or black wire coming from the pic tube down to the main circuit board (sometimes it's blue, but it's the only wire coming from the GLASS part of the tube to the board. This wire goes to about the largest component on the board called the "flyback transformer". It is usually black and is about 3 or 4 inches tall, 2 inches wide, and 2 inches thick. The h.o.t. will usually be located in the area of the "flyback". The h.o.t. will be screwed with one screw or clamped onto a large piece of metal (usually silver). This piece of metal is usually about 2 inces square and is about 1/8 of an inch thick and is mounted perpendicular to the main board. Imagine a slice of bread standing on one side rather than lying flat and this is what the heat sink looks like. Sometimes you will see several heat sinks with transistors screwed into them, but the one you are looking for will always be the largest transistor with three pins. Don't forget to unplug the tv before you begin and stay away from the large wire coming out of the tube going to the "flyback". Do NOT unplug this wire from the tube. It can shock you very badly EVEN WITH THE TV OFF FOR SEVERAL DAYS. Just be careful and go ahead and give this a try. You can do it, and this is probably going to fix your set. If not, then replace the flyback transformer. The H.O.T. is about $10 or $15 and the flyback can be from $30 to $80. It is possible that none of this will fix your set, but you have about a 95% chance that it will and with such a big and nice and relatively new set, I would give it a shot. Keever
Posted on Mar 04, 2008
SOURCE: I have freestanding Series 8 dishwasher. Lately during the filling cycle water hammer is occurring. How can this be resolved
Hi there,
Save hours of searching online or wasting money on unnecessary repairs by talking to a 6YA Expert who can help you resolve this issue over the phone in a minute or two.
Best thing about this new service is that you are never placed on hold and get to talk to real repairmen in the US.
Here's a link to this great service
Good luck!
Posted on Jan 02, 2017
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Help Give South Texas Kids a Summer Christmas
Donate to the McMillin Homes Spring Toy Drive and brighten a child's day at Christus Santa Rosa Children's Hospital
For most kids, the end of Christmas is disappointing—no more presents, no more packed houses and dinner plates, and no more time off from school. For others, the end of Christmas is devastating, since it's the one time of the year they're really allowed to put aside their daily worries and fears.
Children who are fighting cancer or waiting for organ transplants have year-round needs and desires, and McMillin Homes is asking your help to brighten their summers with a new toy or monetary donation. Those of you with kids know how any new plaything—from a new book that allows them to escape the uncertainty and confusion of their condition, to the latest talking, dancing, or singing toy that simply gives them a brief smile—can vastly improve a child's attitude and state of mind.
Right now, there are great needs for infants and toddlers, many of which face great health battles ahead. To help ease their way forward, you can drop off a donation at any McMillin Sales Office or the McMillin Design Center. In addition, visit the Christus Santa Rosa Children's Hospital to learn more about the ongoing struggles—and daily miracles—faced by those to whom you'll be giving.


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From Conservapedia
Popcorn is a type of corn which explodes and puffs up when it is heated. Popcorn kernels have hard, dry shells, but moist interiors. When heated, the moisture inside boils and converts to steam, increasing interior pressure. This causes the shell to crack open, allowing the inner material to burst out. As the pulp comes out, much of the steam is released, but gas pockets in the pulp cases it to cool and dry puffy.
The American Indians introduced it to the Pilgrim settlers, although adding butter, salt, and other toppings to popcorn came about later on.


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PIRG Network
Public Interest Research Groups (PIRGs) exist across Canada and the United States, and often work together to arrange speaking tours, raise funds, provide training and more.
Network of Ontario PIRGs
Most of the Public Interest Research Groups based in Ontario are members of Ontario PIRG, a provincial PIRG organization. The OPIRG Provincial Network arranges meetings so that members from individual PIRGs can meet, exchange ideas, receive training, and work together. There are 11 independent Public Interest Research Groups on Ontario university campuses which all share similar structures and mandates (see list below). Every year the provincial network organizes a few province-wide events including a Public Interest School and a Board Training School.
PIRGs in Western Canada
Here are some independent PIRGs located in western Canada:
British Columbia
PIRGs in Central and Eastern Canada
- See list above for PIRGs belonging to the Ontario Provincial Network
Nova Scotia
Part of the uOttawa community since 1978.
Impliqué dans la communauté de l'UOttawa depuis 1978.
OPIRG-GRIPO Ottawa
85 University Private, Room 215 D University Centre
85, rue Université, 215 D au Centre Universitaire
Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5
613-562-5800 Ext: / Poste : 4359/4500
OPIRG-GRIPO © 2017 -Designed by Marcelo S-V
Summer Office Hours
Monday to Thursday
9 am to 4 pm
Heures d'ouverture
lundi à jeudi
de 9h00 à 16h00


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"Lyalka" factory of children's knitted garments in the city of Kamyshin in Volgograd region offers children's knitwear of its own production. This manufacture uses European technologies, so quality of our products complies with all Russian and European quality standards. We constantly introduce the latest developments and technologies in the field of tailoring of knitted garments, trying to diversify the range of children's clothing. Things for children should be of high quality, functional, pleasant to touch and made of natural materials. And do not forget that they have to be worn for a long time.
Our factory produces children's knitwear clothes, taking care that it is safe, beautiful, and efficient. Designers are constantly coming up with new models and choose suitable colouring. Stable manufacture of the company lets it make changes in the assortment and offer new models of children's knitwear.


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Hotels in Vierlingsbeek, Netherlands
Search & Compare Vierlingsbeek Hotels
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Best hotels in Vierlingsbeek
Vierlingsbeek overviewIf you're looking for a new favorite getaway, look no further than Vierlingsbeek. Vierlingsbeek might not have many well-known attractions, but you don't need to travel far to find places worth a visit like National War and Resistance Museum and Geysteren Golf and Country Club. You won't want to miss sights in the surrounding area like Royal Air Force Museum and Catholic Church of Wellerlooi.
Where to stay in VierlingsbeekA welcoming city for all, Vierlingsbeek offers a variety of hotels and other lodging choices. You can shop as many as 106 deals for Vierlingsbeek accommodations on Hotels.com, some with discounts of up to 30%. We have room prices starting at 31 USD per night and below are the number of hotels by star rating in Vierlingsbeek as well as in the surrounding area:
- • 71 4-star hotels from 65 USD per night
- • 56 3-star hotels from 52 USD per night
- • 6 2-star hotels from 31 USD per night
How to get to VierlingsbeekFly into Weeze (NRN), 7.1 mi (11.5 km) from central Vierlingsbeek. Eindhoven (EIN) is the next closest major airport, 27.2 mi (43.8 km) away. Vierlingsbeek Station is the closest train station, located 0.5 mi (0.8 km) from the city center.
What to see around VierlingsbeekHere are some recommended places to see in the surrounding area:
- • National War and Resistance Museum (2 mi/3.2 km from the city center)
- • Geysteren Golf and Country Club (4.9 mi/8 km from the city center)
- • Royal Air Force Museum (7.6 mi/12.2 km from the city center)
- • Catholic Church of Wellerlooi (7.7 mi/12.3 km from the city center)
When to visit VierlingsbeekWhen planning your trip, you may be wondering when is the best time of year to visit. Here's a list of seasonal norms to help you arrange your travel schedule:
Seasonal temperature averages
- • January-March: 53°F day, 30°F night
- • April-June: 71°F day, 38°F night
- • July-September: 74°F day, 49°F night
- • October-December: 62°F day, 35°F night
- • January-March: 0.24 inches
- • April-June: 0.28 inches
- • July-September: 0.35 inches
- • October-December: 0.24 inches


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We offer a range of additional convenient services for our members. Don't see what you're looking for? Contact us, and we'll be happy to help!
24/7 Automated Accountline
Available 24/7 — just call (877) 854-9260 or (207) 221-5050.
Lost or Stolen Debit Card
To report a lost or stolen debit card, call (800) 472-3272.
Routing Number
Evergreen Credit Union's routing number is: 211287612.
Direct Deposit
Teller Services
- Cashiers checks
- Coin counting1
- Fax service
- Fee applies
- Money orders
1Only available in South Portland branch. Leave coins and staff will count and deposit in a few business days.


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Wishes in Winter
Ringeirr Malenkov
member of the Heralds of Summer's Return
Masterwork thieves tools
+ 1 studded leather
A resident of the Fishcamps, Ringeirr Malenkov was 'rescued' by the PCs from the local small-time tyrant, Marcian Enarxion, and his ogre goods, Borger and Whunk. In exchange, he offered to escort the PCs into the capitol.
Upon realizing the PCs were the bearers of the Mantle of the Black Rider, Malenkov continued on with the PCs, bringing them to the forger Mortin. Mortin and Malenkov then went with the PCs to the hidden shrine to Milani operated by the Heralds of Summer's Return, under the Hidden Gardens, where the Heralds and the Iron Guard are collaborating to move against the Jadwiga Elvanna.
Ringeirr Malenkov is a member of the resistance known as Heralds of Summer's Return.


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Sample of chalk
C026/6798 Rights Managed
530 pixels on longest edge, unwatermarked
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Keywords: black background, calcite, calcium carbonate, chalk, cut out, cut outs, cut-out, cut-outs, cutout, cutouts, earth science, geological, geology, mineral, mineralogical, mineralogy, no-one, nobody, one, one person, rock, sample, sedimentary, single, still life, still-life
Licence fees: A licence fee will be charged for any media (low or high resolution) used in your project.


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|» Products
|» wooden furniture
|» Wooden Bed Side
Wooden Bed Side
Product Code : 69,70,71,72
Brand Name : Pushpa International
Price And Quantity
- Unit of Measure
- Piece/Pieces
Product Description
From past fifteen years, we manufacture, export and supply a high quality range of Wooden Bed Side in the international market. At our well-facilitated manufacturing unit, it is manufactured by our creative professionals by making use of premium quality wood as per the current market demands. The offered bed side is extremely appreciated for its classic look and excellent finish. Available in diverse designs, we offer this Wooden Bed Side at the most reasonable price.
Excellent finish
Highly spacious
Light weight
Unique design
Trade Information
- Payment Terms
- Cash in Advance (CID), Cheque
- Delivery Time
- Seconds
- Packaging Details
- Export packing.
- Main Export Market(s)
- Asia, Australia, Central America, North America, South America, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Middle East, Africa
Pushpa International
Near Railway Hospital, Jodhpur - 342001, Rajasthan, India
Phone :+917259418192
Fax :91-291-2430268
Mr. Vivek Bhansali (Proprietor)
Mobile :+917259418192
PUSHPA INTERNATIONAL All Rights Reserved.(Terms of Use)
Developed and Managed by Infocom Network Ltd.


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The extraordinary events in Scotland last week, which saw every Scottish newspaper refusing to send their photographers to cover a friendly football match between Celtic and Ajax Amsterdam, generated a heated debate concerning press freedom, copyright law and the commercial exploitation of brands, writes Sarah Thomas.
Celtic, in an alleged attempt to clamp down on the unofficial commercial exploitation of the 'Celtic' brand, refused permission to any photographers seeking to cover the game unless they agreed to certain terms and conditions relating to the subsequent use of any photographs that were taken.
Leaving to one side the different interpretations given by both parties in this spat as to precisely what Celtic was trying to achieve, a cursory glance of some of the clauses the photographers were reported as being asked to sign up to does seem to indicate an attempt by Celtic to engineer the assignment of the copyright in any match photographs to the club.
The arguments as to why Celtic would want to do this are, however, not as distasteful as would first seem and, in
fact, highlight the ever-escalating power of 'the brand' and the struggles of non-traditional brand owners to protect and control their rights.
Celtic, and other successful sporting clubs, are typical of these 'new' brand owners in that it is only recently that the commercial value of their image has been realised and exploited for all it is worth.
David Beckham recently successfully renegotiated his contract with Manchester United to recognise the commercial value to the club of their ability to exploit his highly marketable and profitable image.
Formula One racing driver Eddie Irvine succeeded in the courts where other celebrities had failed and established that his image was worthy of protection against exploitation through unlicensed endorsements for which he was financially compensated.
Against this background it is not, perhaps, completely surprising that Celtic has sought to protect its rights in this way. Within the law as it stands it must use a mismatch of current intellectual property rights to protect its image and its players must, individually, do the same. The law of copyright and
trade mark infringement and now, thanks to Irvine, passing off, are just some of the tools in their legal armoury.
Celtic tried to use the law of copyright to protect itself before an infringement or otherwise had the chance to occur.
However, none of these legal remedies fit squarely with the nature of the rights they are being employed to protect and it is because of this that the actions of Celtic can look so unattractive and draconian.
One thing this skirmish has shown is that the current legal means of protection and redress are perhaps not the best means for asserting the rights of these 'new' brand owners. It is a subject lawyers have been debating for a while, in conjunction with the question of so-called 'personality rights' and whether this is a legal right that should be available in the UK.
As the likes of Manchester United continue to create and nurture world-dominating brands assisted by globally revered personalities, this may be a debate that will just not go away.
Sarah Thomas is a media/intellectual property lawyer at Charles Russell


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8 Gorgeous Redwood Vacation Homes in Sonoma County
Whether you've them on Facebook, on Instagram, or even in person, there's no doubt the Sonoma County offers some of the best and hidden redwood views in California.
One thing you might not know is that there is an endless amount of Airbnbs, Vacation Rentals, VRBOs, and Homeaways in Sonoma County that let you sleep in comfort, nestled under these towering redwoods. Here are ten gorgeous redwood vacation rentals in Sonoma County, in order of how many people they can sleep:
The Dreamcatcher
Sleeps 2
This cozy cabin in the woods hideaway is a perfect option for a romantic weekend spent in the redwoods. Not to mention the hot tub right out back, nestled underneath some of the towering redwoods alongside the patio! This secluded cabin is just what you need with your loved one. See more.
Photo: RussianRiverGetaways.com
Ananda in Monte Rio
Sleeps 4
This lovely little cottage is nestled in the hills of Monte Rio right above the Russian River, giving you a wonderful private view of the redwoods from the back patio. Equipped with a built in deck-bench, hammocks, and a hot tub, you'll be spending most of your time here outdoors. See more.
Photo: RussianRiverRentals.com
Sequoiatude in Cazadero
Sleeps 4
Spend the afternoon reading your favorite book on the hammock out back in Sequoiatude's perfect forest escape. You're only a step from Duncans Mills and Jenner, where you can enjoy a delicious dinner just ten minutes away. See more.
Photo: RiverHomes.com
Bough House in Monte Rio
Sleeps 4
The Bough House is exactly what comes to mind when I think of "Redwood Escape." The backyard string lights entice you sit outside at night with your friends, and its wood-burning stove fits right in with the cozy cabin atmosphere. See more.
Photo: RussianRiverRentals.com
Modern Zen in Cazadero
Sleeps 6
Modern Zen is a gorgeous little retreat for any dog lover (and for your dogs, too!). In addition to the fenced dog run, Modern Zen offers two dog beds, several toys and a collapsible dog crate. The house itself is modern and serene, hence it's name. Set in the redwoods of Cazadero near Austin Creek, this mid-century modern compound embraces stylish amenities like a new hot tub, remodeled kitchen, outdoor shower and entertainment technology. See more.
Photo: RiverHomes.com
The Grove in Monte Rio
Sleeps 7
The Grove is a perfect vacation rental for those looking to escape the city with their friends for the weekend to spend time catching up and BBQing. It's split into two levels, which gives groups a great space to be together in comfort. Jump in the hot tub on the deck overlooking the redwoods, or hang out inside on the couch with the home theatre system. See more.
Photo: RiverHomes.com
Camp Ciyole in Guerneville
Sleeps 8
Camp "Ciyole" ("Shady Place" in Southern Pomo Indian) in Guerneville is a gorgeous property that includes a hot tub, canoes/kayaks, and an unbeatable forest view. The house is spacious and beautifully designed, having a large deck that is perfect for hanging out outside. See more.
Photo: Russian River Rentals
Starlight Retreat
Sleeps 12
This beautiful retreat includes two separate homes, hot tubs, a recreation room and patios overlooking the redwoods. Not to mention it has over 50 acres of private trails, leading you to a seasonal creek, mini open air amphitheater, and countless adventures! See more.
Photo: RiverHomes.com
Check out our complete guide to the Russian River Resort Area for when you're here!


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From his first days of life, John F. Kennedy Jr. was one of the most looked-at – and photographed – people in the world. Born just 16 days after his father, John F. Kennedy, was elected to the White House, JFK Jr. was a source of fascination to the media and the public. He was a golden child of a powerful political dynasty, a sad-but-strong little boy who lost his father far too young, a handsome and successful young man, and ultimately, a tragic figure who died even younger than his father.
We are remembering him with a few of our favorite photos of JFK Jr. and his lifetime in the spotlight.


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Now Viewing:
This item is noncancelable and nonreturnable.
Price: $79.00
The CAD TSM-411 is a dynamic neodymium, general purpose microphone. The TSM-411 delivers the frequency and tonal response suitable for accurately capturing vocals and instruments. The neodymium element is ultra-sensitive and captures percussion, drums, guitar, and amplifier cabinets with great detail. The supercardioid polar pattern is most effective in rejecting off-axis feedback and noise. The rugged TSM-411 includes a swivel mount.
|Neodymium Dynamic
|Polar Pattern
|Frequency Response
|50 Hz - 15 kHz
|Dynamic Range (Typical)
|not specified by manufacturer
|Signal-to-Noise Ratio
|not specified by manufacturer
|Maximum Input Sound Level
|not specified by manufacturer
|Power Requirements
|Dynamic, Phantom Power Not Required
|Output Impedance
|300 ohms +/- 30% @ 1 kHz
|Output Connectors
|3-pin XLR
|Low Frequency Roll-Off
|1 x 4" (25.4 x 101.6mm) (Diameter x Length)
|not specified by manufacturer
|Packaging Info
|Package Weight
|0.7 lb
|Box Dimensions (LxWxH)
|5.7 x 4.4 x 3.3"


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Corporate Spa
Inspire and Reward
Treat your team and valued clients with our innovative Corporate Spa Programs. Designed to promote your company's profile and increase career satisfaction our program includes Wellness Days, Group Events and Corporate Yearly Spa Packages. Ensure your company stands out from the rest by introducing "Corporate Spa" to your office today!
Customized Corporate Packages allow you and your business to entertain and reward your valued clients and team members throughout the year in a way that will be long remembered and appreciated.
Call today for more information and let us help you get started with putting together your customized Corporate Spa Event!
Prices begin at $10 per person


text: The Militant - Vol. 77/No. 7 - February 25, 2013 -- columns Text version of the Militant, a socialist newspaper El Militante Le Militant Report shows deep impact of 'great recession' on workers Door-to-door 'Militant' subscription drive kicks off NY school bus strikers resist bosses, city gov't 'If they do this to us, they'll do it to everyone' Socialist Workers go over top in drive to collect signatures for Omaha ballot Assassination in Tunisia spurs mass protests, unhinges gov't coalition Bronx rally: Cops responsible for killing Ramarley Graham should be off streets Momentum builds for bipartisan 'immigration reform' Full rights for all undocumented workers! Click here for the record A socialist newsweekly published in the interests of working people Vol. 77/No. 7 February 25, 2013 Columns Books of the Month Malcolm X: Our program needs to be international 25, 50 and 75 years ago On the Picket Line Militant Labor Forums Calendar Letters Front page (for this issue) | Home | Text-version home