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Birthday Horoscope for March 17thIf your Birthday is March 17 and your Zodiac Sign is Pisces
Birthday Persona Profile
People born specifically on the 17th of March are imagined to be overflowing with the typical Piscean sensitive responsiveness, yet highly practical realists. The astrological planet that rules this particular day is Saturn creating your conscientious, intellectual and imaginative temperament. If you have this birthday your high aspirations and ideals make you efficient and disciplined but not too much of a perfectionist. You are ambitious and a hard worker with lots of compassion, the sort of person who will volunteer their help willingly to a good cause. Ordinarily you will follow your psychic hunches to decide actions and make decisions but you are not impetuous. Individuals with a March the seventeenth birthday are quite creative, careful and serious natured but they have a good sense of humor. Your dreamy sensibility and immensely loyal and loving manner makes you popular socially and rarely short of friends and admirers.
Work and Finances
Working generally has to be very worthwhile to a person born on the seventeenth of March but not only in a financial sense. You need to feel that the work you are doing has a real purpose and maybe the opportunity to gain experience and promotion. Your caring practicality is often one of the most common things that directs you to follow your heart when contemplating careers. It also encourages you to sometimes consider voluntary or overseas work. With your general day to day finances you are usually adept at budgeting but prone to being unable to resist a bargain causing some fluctuations.
Personal Relationships
For a Pisces, the person born on the seventeenth day of March can be untypically a bit of a loner and present themselves as fairly self reliant. Although you enjoy your own company a strong desire for emotional security drives you to seek companionship and love. You are kindhearted and empathic and will expect extreme loyalty from friendships and especially in an intimate connection with a soul mate. In a long term relationship you are passionate and romantic usually preferring to take the lead in lovemaking. A partner must be capable of understanding your mix of seriousness and playfulness and regularly help you relax and forget about responsibilities for a while. You are inclined to be a touch cautious with your emotions romantically and can display jealousy when you fear being hurt. Despite this, you are at your happiest and flourish most in a settled devoted love partnership.
Health ailments experienced by those born on March the 17th can once in a while be the result of your possible proneness to weak bones and joints. You should watch these particular areas and take care of them by ensuring your calcium intake is at adequate levels. Regular exercise will be important for this physical weakness and also for your overall mood and well being. As a fish zodiac sign you may find that swimming or other water based relaxations are wonderfully refreshing. People born on this day seem to require a well balanced diet and should try not to rush their food or be tempted to skip meals.
Strengths and Weaknesses
Your main strengths of character lie within your intuitive adaptability, enthusiastic approach and assiduousness. These qualities help you quickly get where you want to be in life and are inspirational to others. Another major forte of yours is how easy you find it to tune your sensitivity appropriately to a current situation and be responsive at different levels. Personality weaknesses for those born on March 17th are often linked to your adeptness at controlling your emotions. When you switch off your feelings you can on occasion appear too disconnected and come across as cold and indifferent.
Dreams and Goals
Being born on the 17th of March gives you a fine mixture of visionary focus, abundant commonsense and efficiency. This makes you an avid goal setter with the drive and determination to achieve almost anything you set your mind to. Many of your enterprising ideas are frequently inspired by some of the originative dreams you may have about the future. You are the able to apply a levelheaded view to fanciful concepts and shape them into workable plans. Apart from setting yourself some professional goals your most common wish is simply to share life with someone special who loves and understands you.
Birthday Luck and Significance
As you were born on the seventeenth day of the month, adding your birth date figures assigns you a Root number of Eight. This numerical reference to your birthday has the keyword 'Leader' emphasizing the natural enthusiasm and ambition you possess. The 17th card in the Major Arcana Tarot deck, the Star, is closely joined to your birthday. It symbolizes optimism and identifies the positivity in your outlook. The lucky gemstone suggested for March the seventeenth birthdays is thought to be the Black Pearl. When worn close it promises you good luck, contentment and the banishment of negativity.
The celestial influence of Neptune is imagined astrologically to be the primary authoritative determinate of Piscean personalities. The actual day you were born on, the seventeenth of March is governed by the planet Saturn adding high intellect and a vivid imagination to your kindness and consideration. Your receptiveness, hard working attitude and discipline are fine characteristics allowing you to make the most of life opportunities at a steady pace. Your concern for the welfare of others and knack of sensitively assessing different circumstances will help you feel a sense of purpose. A concluding thought for people born on March the 17th is to try and focus your conscientiousness and some time on looking after yourself. Neglecting your own interests will not be beneficial and can cause you to be less likely to be as compassionate as you want to be.
Ezekiel 2017-10-13 23:52:46
This is surprisingly true. It feels good seeing relies from the birthday mates
Wolverine 2017-03-28 08:43:53
Everything said here is true,horoscope accurately tells about your nature but there is a scripture known as olai chuvadi it tells about your current,past and future life kind of acts like time machine it was written 100's and 1000's of years ago by various sages in india,see our brain has extrodinary amount of power more than what we think it is capable of,we dont even use 1% of our brain,actually we dont know how to use it,we have extrordinary amount of psyhic powers,we can gain access to it when we get into extremely deep meditation,you should forget about everything and meditate for atleast 100 years to gain access to those powers also it should be done in a precise manner you cannot just sit and do it there are some procedures for it which i dont know,coming back to the current topic those palm leaves that is olai chuvadi has information regarding each and every person in this world that means each and every individuals details regarding their life it was maintained well in south india but unfortunately most of those got lost or destroyed during mughal and british rule in india,but their still exits some of them but dont know where exactly it is kept or who maintains it,if you ever get to know about your past,present or future life that is about your minute to minute activity,then that will be the moment you will become restless you will get to know about your negative and positive side of your life and you will start worrying about it.Its basically maths astrology maths (extremely tough thougher than toughest calculus)with the help of which each and every persons life was calculated and written,we are like products of god and god possess each and every information regarding us and these sages got access to those information through tough meditation.Extremely though like they will not even feel the pain when snake bites them like that.
becca 2017-01-24 00:27:07
It's crazy just how accurate this is, so me... haha
iveesh 2016-12-28 08:30:04
It seem true any way we need t find the black pearl. N see wat will happend
Lara 2016-12-15 04:13:56
I love white pearl but black!!!!!
David Raymond 2016-11-30 22:26:30
As a 17 march born, i want to give you tips i had from life.Try the can**bis sometome and open your mind to all thingsat any time.Be whise of what people do around you so you cen help them and be sure to not let some people abuse of your kindness.I was convince i was a unlucky guy all my life but when i first got out of my bed and saw the world i understood that a day above ground is a lucky day.
carlos 2016-11-05 23:37:37
march17 all d way nd
so true nd I need to find this black pearl
Ritta 2016-07-25 04:25:17
This is totally me
Serena 2016-07-19 14:52:54
Except I have not one drop of luck. My life has been nothing but sickness, failure, disappointment and pain.
roy 2017-04-21 23:47:01
[quote]Message from Serena
Except I have not one drop of luck. My life has been nothing but sickness, failure, disappointment and pain.[/quote]
Chilll have patience n hope too u'll be fine
Payton 2016-10-23 23:33:51
How I feel too alot of the time and I'm only 19
glo 2016-07-10 04:50:21
Lmao very true
Binxu 2016-07-06 18:25:15
110% true It's me
Samaya 2016-06-04 22:24:16
This is so me 10000%
Mircea 2016-04-03 08:03:35
Wow ....This is absolutly me 100% Including the black color I love
Nanda 2016-04-01 11:44:31
As it is.... All of that was said was true... Matches 100%
Priyanka 2016-03-24 22:04:26
So surprised .... Its really very true
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Jerusalem U creates and distributes innovative and stimulating feature films and film-based educational programs with the goal of making young Jews feel proud of being Jewish and emotionally connected to Israel.
Repairing The World - Israel's 60 years of Remarkable Humanitarian Efforts
Friday August 19th 2016 is the UN's World Humanitarian Day, established to pay tribute to aid workers who risk their lives in humanitarian service, and to mobilize people to advocate for a more humane world. This is a cause that Israel has shown, by half a century of incredible actions, that it strongly supports:
There are only 8 million Israelis, living in a tiny country ranking around 190th in land size, yet Israel leads the world in humanitarian efforts and disaster relief, often first on the ground when natural disasters strike.
In our documentary Israel Inside: How a Small Nation Makes A Big Difference we explore how this Jewish idea of repairing the world (aka Tikkun Olam), is one of the reasons behind Israel's remarkable success.
Tikkun Olam is part of the psyche of the Jewish people and the Jewish state, and perhaps this is why Israel has always made humanitarian efforts a priority. But even people who are aware of this might not know all of the incredible help and humanitarian aid Israel has given to 140 countries and people when disaster has struck over the past 54 years:
Here are just a few highlights:
1. Over the past few months:
Israeli teams are currently in Cameroon helping the country cope with a devastating Avian Flu outbreak.
Earlier this year Fiji was hit by a devastating typhoon that caused massive damage - Israeli volunteers and experts are helping rebuild a village called Vuma that was obliterated.
In South Sudan, IsraAID (The Israel Forum for International Humanitarian Aid) is supporting programs to help to transform the lives of women and girls displaced by the current conflict, through vocational training, empowerment groups, psychosocial support and community outreach activities.
In October 2015, Israel sent humanitarian aid to the Republic of Vanuatu in the Pacific Ocean, in the form of a porridge powder which contains all the nutrients for a healthy diet, to feed the 2,000 inhabitants of the island for a month.
2. Europe's Syrian Refugee Crisis (ongoing):
Israel is providing support and expertise to help Greece to cope with the Syrian refugees pouring into Europe, sometimes literally plucking Syrian kids out of the sea around the Greek islands
For the past two years, Israel has been working in Jordan, Iraq, and Bulgaria to help Syrian refugees there. This ranges from emergency aid distribution to trauma support and prevention training for host country governments and NGOs. In addition, IsraAID has been helping the Christian and Yazidi refugees of Iraq who have suffered extreme persecution at the hands of ISIS.
3. India January 2001:
After a massive earthquake in western India, Israel sent 5 planes loaded with over 65 tons of equipment and 170 search and rescue personnel. They set up one of the largest field hospitals there, staffed with doctors, nurses, medical assistants and IDF and Magen David Adom paramedics, who treated over 1,300 casualties, delivered 12 babies and helped with S&R efforts in the field.
4. Turkey Earthquake, 1999:
If you listen to Turkey's President Erdogan over the past few years, you'd think Israel was Turkey's lifelong enemy, but in fact, before his presidency Israel gave massive help to Turkey after a devastating earthquake which killed 17,480 people.
5. Turkey Earthquake, 2011: and again after another earthquake hit Turkey killing at least 644 people, and left thousands homeless, Israel sent mobile homes & medical equipment for survivors, despite Turkey's support for the violent Gaza flotilla that year.
6. Typhoon Haiyan struck the Philippines on November 8, 2013: An Israeli rescue mission was sent right away and immediately set up a field hospital, where they treated over 2,600 patients, performed 60 surgeries, delivered 36 babies, and worked on repairing schools damaged by the storm.
7. Ebola Outbreak 2014: Israel was the largest international aid donor per capita in the world, giving $8.75 million to help fight the disease. Israel also set up mobile clinics and sent out medical teams to Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea.
8.Nepal Earthquake 2015:
After assisting with search and rescue, and setting up field hospitals following the massive earthquake in 2014, IsraAid set up the "Roof For All" shelter program.
9. A Eye From Zion
Many people seem unaware that since 1960 Israeli eye doctors have been setting up "pop up" two week eye camps in some of the world's poorest countries and communities, helping improve and restore sight to many thousands of people.
10. The Heart of Israel
In 1995 Israel established Save a Child's Heart which has saved the lives of over 4000 children from Africa, S. America, Europe, Asia, and throughout the Middle East, by providing life-saving heart surgery in Israel, for these very sick children.
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Watch our film Israel Inside to learn more about the Jewish values that lie behind Israel's incredible success and which has brought this tiny country to the forefront of world innovation, progress and humanitarian efforts.
Tags: Israel Inside, Israel, International relations, tikkun Olam, Aid, Humanitarian

subset: commoncrawl


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Despite fears about rain and a few sprinkles, the sun came out in full force last Friday just in time for Mount Carmel School's annual celebration of Cultural Diversity Day. As part of the festivities, MCS students celebrated over a dozen cultures with a parade, cultural dances, and performances. The celebration featured the following grade levels showcasing their respective cultural traditions: K4 – Philippines, K5 – USA, 1st – Korea, 2nd- Japan, 3rd- Malaysia, 4th- CNMI, 5th- Marshall Islands, 6th- Samoa, 7th- Micronesia, 8th- Thailand, 9th- Palau, 10th- Indonesia, 11th- China, 12th- India.
"Between the performances, the food, and all the fun, our students celebrated the cultural diversity that makes our school family truly special," said school presi- dent, Galvin Deleon Guerrero. "The kids were full of energy and their performances were wonderful!"
Deleon Guerrero also recognized the value of the school's diversity. "As one of our longest standing traditions, long before the CNMI declared its own Cultural Diversity Day, it's heartwarming to see our students, faculty, and staff appreciate our cultural diversity so much. After all, we are a very culturally diverse school, so it's important that we value and validate who we are on a day like this."
Student Council President Erika Mendiola agreed. "This is something that I look forward to every year because everyone gets to celebrate." She added, "This is a time for us all to respect and celebrate the diversity that makes us who we are."


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The Halo Council writes: Machinima just uploaded 2 new Halo 4 videos from San Diego Comic-Con.
In the first video they say there are three color tiers but I only see two?
There are three. One primary, one secondary, and one for pattern.
I am pretty sure I just saw two color options :/
wow, looks great. can't wait to play it myself =]
They definitely stepping it up!
Imagine Halo 5 made by 343 on the next Xbox! O.o
N4G is a community of gamers posting and discussing the latest game news. It's part of NewsBoiler, a network of social news sites covering today's pop culture.


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A Veteran's Day Salute
When Russell Costner, an American Army soldier, took that bullet in the back and fell forward on German soil, the first person he thought about was Bea … her beautiful eyes that smiled when she smiled … the sound of her saying his name. She was the love of his life. The thought of her heart breaking was more than he could stand. There's no doubt those thoughts are what kept him alive.
Russell wrote letters as often as he could from the battlefield and hospital. He mailed them to Bea in Bessemer City, North Carolina. He asked her to tell the family he said hello. "I cannot write to them all," he explained in one of his letters. It was Bea he wanted to share his life with the most. And he did—for more than 60 years.
"Hello Beatrice, just a few lines to let you hear from me. I am okay and hope you and the babies are the same. Well honey, I am somewhere in Belgium. It is a nice place, but not as pretty as Paris, France…
…Well honey, I am praying for this war to end so we can all come home and I know you are all doing the same and with God's help we will come home soon. Well, I must close, so goodbye and good luck."
—Russell Costner
Forty-five years later, I met Russell Costner for the first time. It was the summer of 1989. He was standing at a band-saw, cutting a dasher that would go inside of a butter churn. I walked up to him and asked if he had any work I could do. I was 16 years old, homeless, and looking for work so I could earn a few dollars to buy some food.
"Hey sir, you got any work I can do?" I said.
Russell never even looked at me. "Ask the boss," he said and nodded his head toward a white-haired lady standing in the back of the wood shop manhandling a radial-arm saw. She turned off the saw and walked toward me. She brushed the sawdust off her arms and slid the protective goggles back on top her head and looked me up and down. Despite the way I looked on the outside (because I was living outside), she said, "If you cut grass, come back this afternoon and cut our grass."
"Thank you, ma'am," I said.
Before I walked away, the old lady smiled at me and said, "He's Russell and I'm Beatrice but I'd rather you just call me Bea." I smiled and shook my head and headed back out the garage bay. But I didn't go too far away.
Later that afternoon, I showed up on time and began cutting the elderly couple's grass. Halfway through the job, I saw Bea walk out the front door of her home carrying a can of Coca-Cola and a doughnut. She motioned for me to come over to the fence. When I did she handed me the ice cold Coca-Cola and doughnut and we talked. Well, she talked; I just listened. She talked about the weather and the job I was doing.
I must have done a pretty good job, because that day I became their lawn boy for the remainder of that summer. Every week when I would cut their grass, Bea would bring me a Coca-Cola and a snack out to the fence. Toward the end of the summer, I started getting nervous because the grass wasn't growing as much and I didn't have a job lined up or a place to live. But this time when Bea brought that Coca-Cola out to the fence, she didn't talk about the weather or the job I was doing. She had a very concerned look on her face. She handed me the Coca-Cola and asked, "Jimmy, where do you live?"
I did not want to tell this beautiful lady anything about me. I was afraid she would not want me to come back around her house if she knew where I'd come from. So as I popped the top on that can of Coca-Cola, I gave her some generic answer. "Ahh, up the road," I said, and turned my head.
Bea smiled at me and said, "Well, Russell and I have been talking and we want to know if you'd be interested in moving into our home."
I couldn't believe what I was hearing but I knew my stay would not be long. Russell had already given me that look that let me know he was not about to tolerate any nonsense from me and I must have given him a look that said I was not going to let him put me in my place. I could feel the tension between us already. But I also knew it could be a few nights that I would not have to sleep outside. Maybe they would let me wash my clothes and take a shower and eat. So I took Bea up on her offer.
That afternoon I showed up at their glass storm door with my bag of clothes and a few more items and rang the doorbell. Bea opened the door, smiled, and said, "Come on in."
I stepped into their home. It smelled good, like freshly baked pie. As I walked across the living room, I purposely did not look at Russell. I didn't even say hello. He was stretched out on his recliner and never made a sound. But I could feel him staring at me.
For the next three or five days, I tried my best to stay out of Russell's way. All he did was stare at me.
Pick up a six-pack of Coca-Cola and my New York Times bestseller Walk To Beautiful to discover the rest of the story and learn how Russell and Bea eventually changed every cell in my body.
On this Veterans Day and in honor of Mr. Russell Costner and all the other wonderful men and women who served our country, I'll visit a local VA hospital and perform my music. Stay tuned for a video of this special performance coming soon!
Watch the Video: Musicians On Call and Jimmy Wayne visit Nashville VA Hospital on Veteran's Day


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You are invited to participate with us as we begin this New Year of enjoyment. Please, don't hesitate to "contact us."
Content copyright 2014. Patricia James. All rights reserved.
Coming Soon!
Kiddie Carnival view below
We Want You Involved!
COFAN is a nonprofit organization that is committed to promoting and keeping the culture of others. We embrace, while learn from the diverse backgrounds in each family we unite with. These tools guide us in our careful decision-making.
Our staff and board-members continue to create opportunities for our future generations; in addition to keeping the cultural history of the communities. Also, we utilize their expertise and compassion by increasing public awareness in every event that you will see represented.
"Princess of all Nations


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New Hampshire v. North of the Border Tobacco, LLCAnnotate this Case
Respondents North of the Border Tobacco, LLC (Tobacco) and Roll Your Own, LLC (RYO) appealed decisions of the Superior Court that enjoined them from allowing customers to use on-site cigarette-making machines to make rolled cigarettes with loose tobacco unless they make required escrow payments as required by law. An escrow fund was set up by the state to share the burden from damages for smoking-related health care costs. Respondents own tobacco shops that sell various tobacco products. At some point, for a rental fee, cigarette-making machines were installed for on-site customer use. The State filed suit in 2009 and sought an injunction against Respondents to stop selling or rolling cigarettes until they paid into the fund. Tobacco denied that it manufactured cigarettes and argued that it did not have to contribute to the fund. The trial court disagreed and issued the injunction. Upon review, the Supreme Court affirmed the trial court's decision to issue the injunction against Tobacco. However, the Court vacated the trial court's decision against RYO, holding that a preliminary injunction was premature prior to resolving several constitutional issues pertaining to RYO's business operations. Accordingly, the Court affirmed part, reversed part of the trial court's ruling, and remanded the case for further proceedings.


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Bernard v. Holder et al
Petitioner: Placide Louis Bernard
Respondent: Eric Holder, Janet Napolitano, Christopher Shanahan and David Streiff
Case Number: 2:2009cv00165
Filed: March 26, 2009
Court: Alabama Southern District Court
Office: Habeas Corpus - Alien Detainee Office
County: Perry
Referring Judge: Bert W. Milling
Presiding Judge: William H. Steele
Nature of Suit: Habeas Corpus - Alien Detainee
Cause of Action: U.S. Government Defendant
Jury Demanded By: 28:2241 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus (federa
Available Case Documents
The following documents for this case are available for you to view or download:
|Date Filed
|Document Text
|July 9, 2009
|JUDGMENT: It is ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and DECREED that JUDGMENT be entered in favor of Respondents Eric Holder, Janet Napolitano, Christopher Shanahan, and David O. Streiff. Signed by Judge William H. Steele on 7/9/09. (tgw)
|June 11, 2009
|REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS re 1 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus filed by Louis Bernard Placide. It is recommended that this action be dismissed as moot and that Judgment be entered in favor of Respondents Eric Holder, Janet Napolitano, Christopher Shanahan, and David O. Streiff and against Petitioner Louis Bernard Placide. Objections to R&R due by 7/1/2009. Signed by Magistrate Judge Bert W. Milling, Jr on 6/11/09. Copy mailed to Petitioner. (tgw)
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"Several years ago, as part of a math unit on grids and measurement, my fourth graders grew grasses right at their desks in mini-greenhouses made from recycled plastic containers," reports Cox's Creek, KY, teacher Fred Siler. As students observed, measured growth, and cared for grasses up close (then moved the plants to the GrowLab for more light), they discussed the roles and importance of grasses to humans and wildlife.
Observing the partnership between grass roots and soil inspired students to convert a hillside near the school into a "grass garden" to protect the hillside soil and serve as an educational exhibit for the community. A conservation district grant yielded enough funds to buy an initial batch of ornamental grass seedlings from local suppliers. (Students later collected their own seeds to plant in the GrowLab and outdoor garden.) Once the students created scale drawings of the proposed garden, parents helped landscape it with railroad ties.
"To create an effective educational site, students needed to do some research," explains Fred. Using the Internet, library, and local resource people, they explored their subject, then used the information to create a "loaner" notebook on grass adaptations and biomes, and informational signs for the garden. "The kids were amazed to find that most of our food either directly or indirectly comes from grasses," says Fred. "So they included relevant questions and tidbits to spark visitors' curiosity."
A "Field of Dreams Day," complete with grass garden tours, was the high point of the school's Earth Week activities, says Fred, and a great boost to students' sense of accomplishment. "The community has shown great interest in the display and appreciation for plants that many people had considered weeds," he explains.
Grass and Soil: A Gripping Partnership
Sure, grass needs soil, but does soil need grass? Dense networks of grass roots bind soil, preventing it from blowing or washing away. The fibrous roots also loosen soil and create air space needed for healthy soil organisms. And they bring up and hold onto important nutrients from deep in the soil. Grasses have relatively short life cycles (compared to trees, for instance), and as their roots and other parts decay, they are consumed by microorganisms and other decomposers who then release the nutrients.
Invite your students to explore the relationship between soil and grasses by pulling up grass plants and closely observing the soil/root relationship, comparing the soil and soil life in areas outdoors with and without grass, or by conducting the "Earthgrippers" activity on page 67 in GrowLab: Activities for Growing Minds.


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If Connecticut's millionaires thought the state budget battle was over, they should think again.
Both the state House of Representatives and the Senate passed a deficit-cutting bill this week without the so-called millionaires' tax to solve the deficit problem for the current fiscal year. But the state is still facing an estimated $700 million to $800 million in fiscal red ink next year.


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Local Rules
Jean-Jacques Gomez believes that if a Web site appears on a French computer, France should be able to regulate it. The Internet world is aghast
PARIS -- Jean-Jacques Gomez works in an office surrounded by the great Paris landmarks of the Middle Ages. In a fortress-like tower of the 14th century Palais de Justice, a short walk from Notre Dame cathedral and the Sainte Chapelle, he has a three-window view onto the Seine flowing by.
From here, Mr. Gomez is shaking the foundations of the online economy.


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in this section
Bernardo Carvalho Trindade
I am a Brazilian Civil Engineer with a BS from University of Brasília (Brazil) and MS in computational/experimental pipe hydraulics from Auburn University (AL). I'm currently working on my PhD under Dr. Reed, focusing on optimization of water management policies for clusters of interconnected water utility companies. Between my MS and PhD, I worked for two years for Bechtel Corporation performing advanced pipe hydraulics analysis for natural liquefaction plants, as well as water related tasks - e.g. drainage systems design and effluent diffusion. My main interests outside my studies are reading - mostly literature, history, and philosophy - playing tennis, and dancing/teaching swing dance.


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Nighttime strombolian activity
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Hey, small Ford cars in the US should get less expensive! Ford is moving all small car production to Mexico, so that should mean savings for buyers in the US, right?
Yes, and monkeys might fly out of my nether regions. Just what the doctor order for Michigan though, eh?
"Over the next two to three years, we will have migrated all of our small-car production to Mexico and out of the United States," CEO Mark Fields told investors in Dearborn, Mich., according to The Detroit Free Press.
Ford pledged earlier this year it would invest $1.6 billion in small-car production in Mexico.I'm sorry, but I can't help be irritated by that news, even though Ford is just following a lot of other auto makers.
|Click to enlarge - courtesy USA Today


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Volkswagen had emission issue as it defeats the program to pass testing from Environmental Protection Agency. This is called Volkswagen emissions scandal. Why did this matter happen? Tons of question flow like river to know more about the scandal. As you know, this problem only appeared for diesel engine. Volkswagen claimed their diesel engine was safe and eco-friendly. On contrary, specific programmed software was installed in car's system to dispose the real result of emission level.
Volkswagen Emissions Scandal Timeline
Volkswagen develops diesel with capability to reduce pollution level. The Company wanted to obtain Mercedes technology for diesel because this manufacturer only focus on petrol engine. The system is new and advanced which is applied in TDI (Turbocharged Direct Injection) In 2009, Volkswagen started to sell new car with diesel engine. This is the beginning of VW emissions scandal.
All of the cars in United States need to pass emission testing from Environmental Protection Agency or EPA. The testing relates to Clean Air Act that conducted as legal basis to make sure automakers follow the regulation. In car industry, two major engines produce high level of pollution, especially diesel. Diesel engine is reliable and fuel efficiency, but not good for reducing pollution.
That's interesting part in Volkswagen emissions scandal. Vehicle was able to pass due to defeat device. It is still under investigation to know how program work in the car. To put in simple explanation, this program was like anti-malware. When emission is at below level, the program is not active. After emission is passed standard level, the program initiates to terminate the numbers into more appropriate level. When testing only relies on car software and computer, you cannot predict the reliability. To test the car, you need third party equipment.
Moreover, the car was being tested in two ways. Firstly, the car will get treatment in closed environment or laboratory then take data of emission component. After that, the car would undergo open road testing which is very crucial. How did diesel engine pass testing? When the car was in laboratory, there was nothing wrong due to static condition. On contrary, the car turned into different response when people drove on the road. Emission level increased significantly more than thirty times, even reached forty times.
Testing was conducted by EPA and California Air Resources Board. How much emission is allowed for diesel engine? Based on EPA, the car has to meet emission below 0.043 gr/km. The number is very low since diesel emits dangerous pollution. Comparison between petrol and diesel shows the contrast result. This is the reason why diesel is only available in bigger vehicle. Trucks are common with diesel due to long journey. Moreover, trucks are less than sedan or crossover vehicles.
In Volkswagen emissions scandal, the vehicles reach emission level more than 0.5 gr/km. That is very far away from normal state. It is more than ten times higher and it violates many things. Violation was noticed in 2015, but EPA assumed Volkswagen puts this defeat device since 2009. Nowadays, the car is fully equipped with digital and computer. Analyst predicted that Volkswagen implemented this kind of software in another brand. For your information, Volkswagen acquired many brands, including Audi. This company is the top three in car industry. The rivals are Mercedes and BMW, even Toyota has difficulty to catch with capacity and sales of Volkswagen.
Market effects of Volkswagen Emissions scandal
At first place, the company did not admit this violation. Technical issue was their reason not to put Volkswagen emissions scandal into major area. However, this problem was not just technical glitch in one car. EPA found many vehicles with emission level far more standard level. The bad side is the car had Volkswagen nameplate. After that, company admitted that certain devices and software were installed in the car. However, they did said directly about what kind of software that leads to pass emission testing.
1. Recalled
When automaker finds defection in their products, recalled is what they need to do. The car should be put back into factory. After CEO of Volkswagen announced sincerely apology to customers and regulator, company decided to recall every car that being the part of violation. As you know, Volkswagen only took the car from United Stated market. However, Europe market started to react with Volkswagen emissions scandal, especially German and UK. More than eight millions cars were recalled from Europe countries such as German, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and UK.
2. Investigation in other countries
First investigation was conducted in United States. Several countries wanted to make sure that Volkswagen's vehicle did not violate their own regulation. India and Australia instructed to investigate Volkswagen emissions scandal. There was possibility that this problem happened in their countries. Besides, several countries also conducted investigation such as South Korea and Japan. International market started to put on hold VW stock. The effect of this condition was very terrible. Company stock fell into third level of previous basis.
3. Reviewing Volkswagen cars
Audi is a part of Volkswagen and it is found in distressed situation. Even though VW did not control production of subdivision brands, those vehicles were still under investigation. It might be possible to exchange technology that delivered similar defeat device. Of course, petrol and diesel engines are different. As the response to Volkswagen emissions scandal, some brands under VW will undergo strict inspection to assure the emission level.
4. Compensation
The last resort is about compensation for externalities. Company decided to recall and offered compensation for customers. This matter brought into big sum of money. The company spends $7,3 billion to overcome this issue then adds more money until reach $18,32 billion.
This problem leads to awareness of emission level. Regulator needs to find a way to test the car with digital system. Computer turns into latent device as blade. The car from prominent automaker does not guarantee to meet emission level. Testing should be conducted with more than two methods. Moreover, independent testing is required to prevent market conflict.
Well, diesel is found in difficult situation due to high-emission level. The cars with this engine seem not good in sales. People act more aware about environmental friendly and dispose diesel. The only key to survive is finding new technology or doing the unfair ways. Volkswagen emissions scandal is good lesson for customers, regulators, and automakers that greatness comes with great effort.


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4A SOFTBALL: CDO beat Salpointe 7-0 to advance to state championship game
May 5, 2017 by Andy Morales, AZPreps365
The University fo Arizona hosted Canyon del Oro & Salpointe. (Andy Morales/AZPreps365.com)
The third-ranked University of Arizona softball team is in Los Angeles this week, wrapping up the Pac-12 season at No. 12 UCLA. That would usually mean the lights at Hillenbrand Stadium would be dark for a few nights but not this week, not with high school playoffs nearing a climax.
The Wildcats flipped on the lights Thursday night and welcomed No. 1 Canyon del Oro and No. 5 Salpointe in an important semifinal game where the Dorados beat the Lancers 7-0 to advance to the 4A state championship game to be played Tuesday, May 9 at ASU. Arizona will also host a 3A quarterfinal game Friday night between No. 11 Sabino and No. 14 Sahuarita.
Salpointe (21-9) is a young team with only one senior on the roster which means the Lancers are early favorites to be right back in the mix come next May, especially with standout Yannira Acuna patrolling centerfield.
The Sun Devil commit finished the season batting an incredible .637 with 31 RBI on 12 doubles, three triples and seven home runs. Acuna also went 5-1 from the circle to compliment fellow junior Aleena Alexander (14-7). Sophomore Diana Montano finished with 33 RBI and six home runs, junior catcher Erika Marquez had five home runs and sophomore Malaea Baray-Rocha had 28 RBI and three home runs. The nucleus is there.
"It was a good year overall," Acuna said. "We fell a little short but we weren't a very experienced team. Our chemistry is good and now we have a goal. Next year is going to be exciting."
But with all that power, there were no home runs Thursday night. From either team.
Dana Alcocer, Kenzie Fowler and Kayla Bonstrom. Canyon del Oro (29-4) is known for dominating from the circle but students of the game know the Dorados can also hit. Fowler was one of the most feared hitters in the country when she won back-to-back National Gatorade Player of the Year awards in her prime.
Fowler and her then teammate Katie Asher combined for over 30 home runs at a time when Fowler was also striking out 17 batters a game. Bonstrom and Mattie Fowler did the same to power the Dorados to two more titles. As a senior in 2012, Bonstrom hit 17 home runs with nine of those coming in the postseason, including a game-winning, two-run blast in the championship game against Sunrise Mountain.
This year? The Dorados have belted 50 home runs, good enough for fifth in the nation. The next "big school" from the Tucson area is Tucson High with 44. The next 4A opponent would be Rio Rico with 26 and then Salpointe with 25.
The closest the Dorados came to touching all the bases Thursday night was a shot to the fence by Arianna Felix in the fourth inning but Baray-Rocha was able to track it down to keep the Lancers in the game.
The Dorados were unable to beat the Lancers via the long-ball Thursday but the team pulled off the win thanks to the arm of freshman pitcher Amya Legarra (14-3) and the ability to string a few timely hits together.
Legarra is the Southern Arizona Freshman Pitcher of the Year with good reason. Besides 14 wins, Legarra limited the Lancers to five hits on the night while picking up seven strikeouts to give her 110 on the year.
Hope Banales started the Dorados off in the bottom of the first with a triple and then Ellessa Bonstrom and Arianna Acedo followed with back-to-back walks to load the bases. Bailey Thompson reached on a fielder's choice stemming from a runner's interference call so the bases remained full with one out.
Alexis Kaiser singled up the middle to score one run and the Anya Gonzalez scored another on a fielder's choice to give the Dorados a 2-0 lead.
Alexander settled in and held the Dorados to one hit over the next three innings but Wendy Castro put the Dorados back in business with a leadoff single in the bottom of the fifth. Banales followed with an infield hit and Bonstrom walked to load the bases. Acedo reached on an error but she brought in a run on the play to make it 3-0.
Alexander picked up another out but Kaiser reached on another fielder's choice and Gonzalez hit a double to make it 5-0. Arylene Campos followed that up with a double of her own to make it 7-0.
Legarra stopped being a freshman a few games into the preseason Dorado Classic but she still had a few jitters out there Thursday night.
"I was a little anxious to start off but I knew I had a great defense behind me," Legarra explained. "I play club ball with Ari Felix and Ari Acedo so they told me what to expect and they showed me what it means to be here."
The Dorados have eight state championships in 11 tries but the last final appearance was in 2014. That year resulted in a 2-1 loss to rival Ironwood Ridge. Only four of the current seniors know what it's like to play in a state final.
Head coach Kelly Fowler has a lot of experience, with two state championships as a coach and three more as a parent, but her advice to her team is simple:
"We aren't going to change anything," Fowler said. "Sunrise Mountain is well coached and we are ready."
No. 3 Sunrise Mountain (20-4) beat No. 2 Cactus 5-4 in 10 innings in the other 4A semifinal game Thursday night. Cactus beat Sunrise Mountain twice to win the West Valley Region but the Mustangs won when it mattered the most. Coached by former Arizona standout Jody Pruitt, the championship game Tuesday night will be a rematch of the 2012 game where Kayla Bonstrom won it with her arm and bat.
Salpointe head coach Amy Rocha led the Lancers to the Division II 2015 championship game but came up short to Cienega. It was the first final appearance for the Lancers in 16 years. Rocha, like Fowler, has championship experience, winning two state championships as a player for the Lancers before moving on to win a National Championship at Central Arizona and then finishing her playing career off at Arizona.
"I told them to not let this game be a reflection of our season," Rocha said on her advice to her team. "I'm proud of them because they played for their school. They played for each other. It was an amazing year."


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Sunday, May 09, 2004
Team Canada Hockey Club wins the Gold
Canada golden again
Heatley named tournament MVP
U.S. claims bronze in shootout
The Star
PRAGUE — These guys just don't quit.
Jay Bouwmeester of the Florida Panthers broke a 3-3 tie 20 seconds into the third period Sunday as Team Canada rallied from a pair of two-goal deficits to beat Sweden 5-3 and capture its second straight gold medal at the world hockey championship.
And they did in nearly the same fashion as last year in Helsinki, falling behind 2-0 to the Swedes before charging back.
Matt Cooke of the Vancouver Canucks, Rob Niedermayer of the Anaheim Mighty Ducks, Dany Heatley of the Atlanta Thrashers and captain Ryan Smyth of the Edmonton Oilers also scored for Canada (7-1-1), who captured back-to-back world championships for the first time since the Whitby Dunlops (1958) and Belleville McFarlands (1959) turned the trick nearly half a century ago.
The back-to-back gold medals also give Canada four world titles since 1977, the year NHL players began playing in the tournament (1994 and '97 as well).
Also Sunday, the United States won a surprise bronze after defeating Slovakia 1-0 in a shootout, giving both North American countries a medal in the same world championship for the first time since 1996.
Heatley was named tournament MVP.
"It's great to repeat," said Heatley. "Both years are special. Coming together as a group is such a Canadian thing. We came together and really believed in each other. We fought back and clawed back in the last three games, it's such an awesome way to win."
"I love playing for Canada, any chance I get I love putting on the Maple Leaf. It's a great hockey country and lots of fun to play for."
Shawn Horcoff was one of eight returning players.
"It's so different than last year," he said. "In 2003, we knew right off the bat that we could win it. This year it was really a grind. We had some obstacles to overcome before we got it going."
As the Canadian players celebrated on the ice, many clutched their young children, including Smyth, who addressed the team in the locker-room later.
"We're not only proud of ourselves in here but we made Canada proud," Smyth told his teammates before the Champagne was uncorked.
Daniel Alfredsson of the Ottawa Senators, Swedish league star Andreas Salomonsson and former Toronto Maple Leaf Jonas Hoglund replied for Sweden, who suffered its first loss of the tournament (6-1-2).
Netminder Roberto Luongo of the Panthers recovered from a shaky start to stand tall once again for Canada, stopping 28 shots. The Swedes have had just about enough of Luongo, who made 37 saves in last year's gold medal final.
"Again we're down 2-0 we battled back," Luongo told TSN. "Deep down inside I knew we were going to come back. It was important for me to shut the door after that."
At the other end of the spectrum, 22-year-old goalie Henrik Lundqvist, a New York Rangers prospect who had been the surprise of the tournament for Sweden, crumbled after Canada tied the game in the second period.
Canada's No. 1 objective was to limit superstar Peter Forsberg as much as possible, and Horcoff's checking line with Niedermayer and Cooke did just that, keeping the Colorado Avalanche centre to one assist.
With the win, star defencemen Scott Niedermayer of the New Jersey Devils became the 14th player all-time to win a world championship, Olympic gold and a Stanley Cup ring. Joe Sakic, Rob Blake and Brendan Shanahan are the only other Canadians in the select club.
Niedermayer said he was especially happy for his brother Rob.
"Just to be able to play together is amazing," said Scott Niedermayer. "For my brother, who maybe hasn't been as lucky as I have in my career, he played like any winning player on any winning team plays. He played as hard as he could. I'm as proud as anyone could be of him."
It didn't look promising early on Sunday.
It was just the kind of start for Canada that head coach Mike Babcock surely had nightmares about.
"It's typical Canadian character," said Canadian GM Jim Nill. ``We faced adversity throughout the tournament but found a way to get it done."
The Swedes came charging out of the gates and were up 2-0 less than eight minutes into the first period, Hoglund finding the top shelf over a screened Luongo during a Sweden power play and Alfredsson finding the inside of the post on a breakaway.
Forsberg set up the Alfredsson goal with a long pass down the middle, the Canadians looking confused as they tried to get the Horcoff checking line on the ice to match up with the superstar Swede.
Smyth restored hope at 13:58, shovelling a Brendan Morrison pass from behind the net into an open net after the Vancouver Canucks centre forced Lundqvist to commit on a deke.
Canada came out stronger in the second period, the passes crisper and on the tape, the decisions more confident.
And Daniel Briere thought he had tied it 2-2, his slapshot beating a screened Lundqvist but ramming off the crossbar.
The Swedes came charging back down on a 2-on-1 after the near miss, Hoglund feeding Salomonsson for a one-timer that Luongo was slow to react to and got beat top corner on the glove side.
It was 3-1 and several Canadian players on the bench were slouched over in disbelief.
Then came Superman. Heatley took a long, looping pass from Bouwmeester and cut in from the right boards and lifted a shot over Lundqvist's left shoulder and just under the cross-bar to make it 3-2 at 14:44. It was his tournament-leading eighth goal.
The Canadian bench erupted, its confidence restored.
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Do you know what Optimizer Pro is?
Optimizer Pro is a system optimizer which has been developed to help you keep the operating system clean and running at full speed. Even though the program is meant to fix and remove occurring issues, it is not the most reliable tool, especially because it can enter your personal computer packaged with other questionable products. As our researchers have discovered, the so-called PUP – potentially undesirable program – could come bundled with ImgBurn (OpenCandy installer). Nonetheless, you can acquire the tool yourself from pcutilitiespro.com/optimizerpro.php. Regardless of the way this application was installed onto your personal computer, you can read the report to learn how to delete Optimizer Pro.
Optimizer Pro is published by PC Utilities Software Ltd. and this application is meant to diagnose registry issues, optimize the operating system to reach Peak Performance, and maintain the overall PC's health. The application costs $29.95; however, many computer users feel deceived by the request to register for the tool which has been installed onto their operating system for free. Needless to say, if you choose to acquire the tool from the official website, you must know that it is not for free; however, if the program is installed onto the PC alongside other programs, you may think that Optimizer Pro is an unreliable tool. As you may know already, there are plenty of system optimizers, including Yet Another Cleaner or Optimizer Elite Max, which offer free scanners and which can delete/fix issues only if you purchase the full-version product. Overall, Optimizer Pro is not a malicious application, and all you have to do right now is figure out if this program is what you need and what you wish to invest in.
Optimizer Pro screenshot
Scroll down for full removal instructions
If you want to keep your operating system running problem-free, you should install automatic malware detection and removal software. Choose authentic and reliable programs, like SpyHunter, to keep the PC guarded at all times. Even though Optimizer Pro removal is not a required task, you should get rid of it if you got it installed by accident. Use the manual removal guides below to delete the potentially undesirable program from your operating system.
Optimizer Pro Removal
Remove from Windows XP:
- Go to the Task Bar, click Start and select Control Panel.
- Move to Add or Remove Programs, click the undesirable application and select Remove.
Remove from Windows Vista & Windows 7:
- Open the Start menu from the Task Bar, select Control Panel and click Uninstall a program.
- Right-click the application you wish to delete from the system and select Uninstall.
Remove from Windows 8:
- Right-click on the Metro UI menu, click All apps and then move to the Control Panel.
- Click Uninstall a program and right-click the one you wish to delete from the PC. Select Uninstall.
In non-techie terms:
Optimizer Pro is a suspicious system optimizer which can be installed onto the Windows operating system without your notice. If you are not familiar with the program, you should not purchase its full version. We recommend that you delete the potentially undesirable program as well as the applications which it may have been installed together with. Use the manual removal guides presented above.
Aliases: OptimizerPro.


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What's New
New Content Updated
App Description
The Cancer Institute NSW is Australia's first statewide cancer control agency, established in 2003 to lessen the impact of cancer across the state.
The Institute works in partnership with all involved in the cancer community to:
· reduce the incidence of cancer in the community
· increase the survival rate for cancer patients
· improve the quality of life of cancer patients and their carers
· provide a source of expertise on cancer control for the government, health service providers, medical researchers and the general community.
Underpinning the Institute's work are initiatives to improve cancer outcomes across diverse cultural communities, report on the performance of cancer services, engage with primary care and enhance research capabilities across NSW.
App Changes
- July 15, 2016 Initial release
- August 03, 2016 New version 1.8
- August 04, 2016 New version 1.12


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Sen. Rand Paul kept up his attacks on Sen. Marco Rubio Friday, calling the Florida candidate's plans on the world stage not "conservative," but rather "dangerous."
In an email to supporters soliciting donations, which featured the subject line, "This is dangerous," Paul blasted Rubio for being an interventionist.
"Marco Rubio's plans for America are not conservative," Paul began. "They're dangerous."
"Interventionists like Rubio have never met a war they didn't want to be involved with," Paul wrote. "He wants to spend money, commit troops, and has little concern with the very real consequences of doing it."
"We have to speak up against the harmful policies the Rubios of the party have supported. A $1 trillion increase in spending in the Middle East? Policies like this have actually made us LESS safe," Paul said. "Just look at Syria, Libya and Iraq. Under plans like this, we spend more money, go farther into debt, and end up in a worse spot than we started."Read more on WashingtonExaminer.com


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Edward H. Mulvihill
Mr. Mulvihill is a partner with the Law Firm and primarily practices in the areas of personal injury, municipal court and civil litigation. He graduated magna cum laude from Rider College, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration in 1991. He received a Juris Doctorate Degree from Rutgers University, School of Law - Camden, Camden, New Jersey in 1995. He received the American Jurisprudence Award for legal research and writing.
Mr. Mulvihill is admitted to practice law in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. He is also admitted to practice law in the United State District Court for the District of New Jersey and the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. He is a member of the Camden County Bar Association.
Mr. Mulvihill has lived in Southern New Jersey his entire life.
Areas of Practice
- 75% Personal Injury
- 15% Municipal Court
- 10% General Practice
Litigation Percentage
- 75% of Practice Devoted to Litigation
Bar Admissions
- New Jersey, 1996
- Pennsylvania, 1996
- U.S. District Court District of New Jersey, 1996
- U.S. Court of Appeals 3rd Circuit, 1996
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey School of Law - Camden, Camden, New Jersey
- Rider College, Lawrenceville, New Jersey
- B.S. magna cum laude - 1991
- Major: Business Administration/Accounting
Professional Associations and Memberships
- Camden County Bar Association
Past Employment Positions
- The Delaware Group, Mutual Fund Accountant


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Supervalu's Q3 shows results of acquisitions on wholesale business
Grocery retailer and wholesaler Supervalu has shared the results from its fiscal 2018 third-quarter, which included a boon to its wholesale business in the form of its Unified Grocers acquisition, even as retail sales declined. The Minneapolis-based company's total continuing operations saw net sales of $3.94 billion — up 31% from $3 billion in the same period last year.
Supervalu's retail division netted $1.02 billion in sales, down 4.1% from last year's $1.06 billion, which the company attributed to a 3.5% dip in same-store sales and store closings, offset by new and acquired store sales. The company's retail operating loss was $6 million for the quarter, a number that included $3 million in costs related to store closures. Supervalu's third-quarter operating loss was well below the loss it posted in the same period last year, when it reported $14 million.
The impact of retail losses on Supervalu's bottom line was buoyed somewhat by its wholesale division's performance. The wholesale business posted $2.89 billion in net sales, an increase of 52% over the prior period, which the company said was driven by the Unified Grocers acquisition, as well as new customer sales and increased sales to existing customers. Operating earnings were down slightly from last year, coming in at $48 million after being adjusted for $2 million of merger and integration costs. In the prior third quarter, Supervalu's wholesale division brought in $52 million in operating earnings.
"With the influx of significant new business in certain distribution centers, we experienced a larger-than-anticipated increase in expenses, but we're encouraged by the work we are doing to address those costs and believe they are manageable going forward," Supervalu president and CEO Mark Gross said. "We remain committed to investing in our wholesale business to drive future growth."
On the corporate side, Supervalu saw fees earned of $33 billion from services agreements, and its new corporate operating loss was $1 million — which included $3 million of merger and integration cost. This is compared with net corporate operating earnings of $4 million last year.
With the Unified Grocers acquisition completed in Q3, the company set its sights on its Associated Grocers acquisition, closing it early in its fourth quarter.
"We're pleased to have completed our acquisition of AG Florida early in the fourth quarter," Gross said. "The work done in the third quarter concluded with this deal which, combined with the acquisition of Unified Grocers earlier this fiscal year, demonstrates our commitment to the strategic growth of our Wholesale business. Furthermore, we're extremely pleased with the integration work at Unified and the progress made in that market."
RLA Collective a finalist for 2018 Innovation SABRE Awards three times over
RLA Collective, an OTC/healthcare-focused integrated marketing agency, made the 2018 Innovation SABRE Awards shortlist for three programs in digital/marketing: "Best in Digital Marketing/Advertising" for an integrated media campaign with Vetoquinol USA; "Best Use of Video Networks" utilizing Facebook LIVE to showcase pet care advice from Tomlyn's resident veterinarians; and "Best in Brand Narratives" for a unique video testimonial influencer campaign, "VSL#3: The Journey Back," (featured above) the company announced last week.
Hosted by the Holmes Report, the 2018 Innovation SABRE Awards recognize marketing campaigns that demonstrate the highest levels of strategic planning, creativity and business results that explore the collision of content, media, technology and more.
[quote-from-article] "For RLA Collective, being a finalist in these digital categories – especially among some of the biggest industry players and brands — acknowledges our strategy, creativity and success in utilizing the latest digital platforms for efficient brand marketing," stated Alyson O'Mahoney, president of the Pleasantville, N.Y.-based marketing firm.
With a record number of entries and competition this year, the Innovation SABRE Awards are judged by senior executives in the communications and marketing industries. "We are thrilled to be recognized as finalists among some of the most innovative large and small players, including JetBlue, Blue Cross, GE and Procter & Gamble," commented Robin Russo, CEO RLA Collective. "As OTC health and wellness specialists for humans and pets, we not only understand how to bring about success in a highly regulated industry, we set very high standards for ourselves to develop digital strategies that integrate with a brand's overarching sales and marketing objectives."
The RLA team was especially honored to be a finalist in the overarching "Best in Digital Marketing/Advertising" campaign category for Vetoquinol's Zylkene pet health supplement brand. "We took a specific sales objective and applied integrated digital tactics – from AI-driven digital advertising, to influencer/content partnerships to reach that objective," explained O'Mahoney, who has been developing RLA's expertise in digital marketing innovation.
"We took home a SABRE Award last year for the Colief Infant Digestive Aid digital campaign, 'Answering a Mom's Cry for Help,' and are incredibly proud to receive three finalist nominations this year," adds Russo.
The SABRE Award winners will be announced on Feb. 13, 2018 at the InterContinental Hotel in New York.
Petrics tracks pet activity, health and nutrition in smart bed
Petrics, a pet health technology company, is looking to make tracking weight, activity levels and rest periods a whole lot easier for pet owners. By launching the Smart Pet Bed, Activity Tracker, pet Health and Nutrition App, the Las Vegas-based company is aiming to help those four-legged family members achieve optimal weight ranges.
Each bed will include a built-in scale, along with thermostatic heating and cooling. Users will be able to automatically or manually adjust the temperature until it's ideal for each pet based on their breed, environment and geographic location.
"Our mission is to empower every pet owner with access to nutritional and behavioral information, so they can provide the best possible care and comfort for their pets and help them live longer, healthier lives," Ed Hall, CEO at Petrics, said. "Our pet health ecosystem helps pet parents react quickly and effectively to their pet's needs, and ultimately, saves lives through early detection and intervention."
The Smart Pet Bed and Activity Tracker communicate with the Petrics Health and Nutrition App, creating a health ecosystem that grants pet parents the ability to monitor and track nutrition data, along with obtaining food and diet recommendations, the company said.
Additional product information can be found on Petrics website.


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Buddhism is the fourth-largest organized religion in the world with an estimated .5 billion followers. The majority of Buddhists live in southeastern Asia and the Pacific, but the religion's simple message of peace and serenity has become popular in Western nations also.
Buddhists live a never-ending cycle of works, determined to live for something they may never be able to fully achieve. By experiencing God's amazing grace, they can have His free gift of salvation—available for all who believe, with or without works.
Please pray for Buddhists around the world as you watch this video produced by One Way Ministries.


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The main role of leaf venation is to supply water across the photosynthetic surface to keep stomata open and allow access to atmospheric CO2 despite evaporative demand. The optimal uniform delivery of water occurs when the distance between veins equals the depth of vein placement within the leaf away from the evaporative surface. As presented here, only angiosperms maintain this anatomical optimum across all leaf thicknesses and different habitats, including sheltered environments where this optimization need not be required. Intriguingly, basal angiosperm lineages tend to be underinvested hydraulically; uniformly high optimization is derived independently in the magnoliids, monocots and core eudicots. Gymnosperms and ferns, including available fossils, are limited by their inability to produce high vein densities. The common association of ferns with shaded humid environments may, in part, be a direct evolutionary consequence of their inability to produce hydraulically optimized leaves. Some gymnosperms do approach optimal vein placement, but only by virtue of their ability to produce thick leaves most appropriate in environments requiring water conservation. Thus, this simple anatomical metric presents an important perspective on the evolution and phylogenetic distribution of plant ecologies and further evidence that the vegetative biology of flowering plants—not just their reproductive biology—is unique.
1. Introduction
In vascular plants, assimilation of CO2 from the atmosphere is linked to transpirational loss of H2O. The leaf exchange ratio of CO2 for H2O is by no means constant and depends on a variety of leaf properties, including morphology, anatomy, physiological status and biochemistry. As such, photosynthetic activity of any particular plant must lie somewhere between the two extremes of either being optimized to limit water loss to the detriment of carbon gain, thereby achieving high water use efficiency (WUE), or of being optimized to maximize carbon gain and take full advantage of leaf photosynthetic capacity at the cost of substantial water loss, thereby resulting in low WUE. Thus, both the leaf hydraulic properties that determine transpirational capacity and the environmental properties that determine the need to limit water use (e.g. water availability, vapour pressure deficit, wind, temperature and solar radiation) must be considered in order to understand evolutionary trends in the structure and function of planar leaves.
The recognized positive relationship between leaf hydraulic properties and photosynthetic capacity found across extant taxa [1] underscores the role of hydraulics in plant performance. Because higher vein densities allow lower impedance of water delivery to the sites of gas exchange (stomata), vein density (VD) was recently used as a proxy for hydraulic capacity of extant species and even used to derive performance of extinct plants [2–5]. However, the experimentally determined relationship of VD to CO2 uptake and water loss is complex and nonlinear: as VD increases, CO2 assimilation rates plateau while maximum stomatal conductance (and thereby potential transpiration rate) continue to increase exponentially within the existing range of vein densities [6]. These diminishing CO2 gains at the expense of exponentially increasing water losses would require uniform water delivery and equal water potential across leaf lamina for the most effective use of the photosynthetic surface. However, leaf hydraulics is inherently a three-dimensional problem [6–9], whereas VD only reflects the planar (two-dimensional) structure of the leaf and relates only to maximization of transpirational capacity. As outlined below, inclusion in the analysis of the third dimension of depth of vein placement within the leaf would allow exploration and better understanding of the evolutionary trends and limits of species ability to adapt to changes in atmospheric gas composition, humidity, temperature and light.
Theoretical considerations as well as experimental tests performed on bioinspired, artificial leaves revealed that significant reduction in water potential variability across the leaf epidermis would be achieved when the distance between veins (d) is equal to the depth of the veins away from the leaf surface(s) that bear stomata, i.e. the abaxial surface in most cases (δ) [7] (figure 1). The violation of this relationship would not come without significant costs to photosynthetic rates and/or WUE. If veins were far apart from each other but close to the leaf surface (d > δ), then transpiration and assimilation rates would be large only near the veins (where higher gs would coincide with the shorter diffusion path), whereas leaf tissue further from the veins would experience water shortages resulting in a drop in gs and CO2 uptake. In this case, photosynthetic gains and losses would both occur across the leaf surface, however, they would not be balanced. Photosynthetic gains in gas exchange near the veins would be at the point of diminishing return for water used, whereas the photosynthetic losses would be at the point of greatest detriment (i.e. where the return in carbon gain for increased water use would have been at its greatest). Thus, having the distance between veins be too long for a given vein depth (d > δ) is disadvantageous, leading to an overall drop of leaf productivity and lower WUE. The opposite anatomical relationships (d < δ) would also be problematic. Simply adding more veins so that the distance between them would be less than the vein depth (d < δ) would not increase gs, which was already near its maximum at d = δ, in fact we can expect that the overall leaf productivity would decrease in such a situation as the space available for photosynthetic mesophyll cells is lost to non-productive veins (figure 1).
Given the above, it is not surprising that a strong 1 : 1 relation between d and δ was found across a large number of angiosperm species [7]. However, much remains unknown regarding this relationship, including what the d : δ relationships may be for basal angiosperms and non-angiosperms not included in that previous study, how far from the l : 1 relationship must a plant be before photosynthetic losses might be limiting, and how those potential losses would scale across different ecologies. For example, the above discussion of optimal vein placement is only valid when CO2 uptake is limited by hydraulics. In the case of low light and/or high humidity, an apparent disconnect between CO2 uptake and stomatal conductance could be predicted, allowing for lower vein densities to be viable for a given leaf thickness (d > δ). Furthermore, while some environmental conditions may be more permissive of departures from optimal vein placement (d = δ) some plants may be physiologically or developmentally constrained in ways that limit their potential for achieving hydraulic optimization. For example, only few non-angiosperms approach the high vein densities seen in the angiosperms [2], which might limit many lineages to either thick leaves or more sheltered environments where poorly optimized leaves can be sustainable. Thus, occupation of the (d,δ) morphospace (figure 1) could reflect both ecological and evolutionary heterogeneity. In this report, we take a closer look at the structure and evolution of the d to δ relationship across the ecological and phylogenetic diversity of vascular plants.
2. Methods
Mature, fully expanded leaves were collected from plants in their natural habitats or common gardens (all temperate and many tropical species) except for a few instances where greenhouse plants were used. Several individual plants were sampled per species, from separate locations where possible in order to account for site variability (total number of leaves analysed was 881, number of leaves per species available in the electronic supplementary material, table S1). Leaves were preserved in 70% alcohol in the short-term before analyses if immediate observation was not available. Vein-to-vein distance (d) and distance of vein-to-the stomata-bearing epidermis (δ) was determined directly from leaf cross-sections obtained either from freehand cuts or from a freezing microtome. Microscope images were taken at varying magnifications to assure adequate field of view for assessing variation in vein–vein distances. Measurements followed previous practice [7], i.e. vein–vein distance was measured between the edges of the xylem conduits in neighbouring veins and vein–epidermis was measured from the abaxial edge of the xylem conduits of a vein to the outer edge of the epidermis directly beneath the centre of the vein (figure 2).
Sampling of leaf anatomy via sectioning was dependent on the venation type. For leaves with parallel venation, cross sections were taken perpendicular to the veins. In the case of angiosperms and other taxa with more complex reticulate venation, cross sections were taken in multiple random directions with the final reported vein distance per leaf being the mean of 20 or more individual measurements (with more than 15 000 total individual measurements for d and for δ ). In a few angiosperms with very high vein densities and narrow veins, VD was determined from the surface image and then average vein–vein distance was determined as the inverse of density.
The gymnosperms bearing broad leaves with multiple veins—Ginkgo, Gnetum, Welwitschia, a variety of cycads, some conifers in the Araucariaceae—were supplemented with some sampling of flattened, laminate single-veined leaves (e.g. Taxus, some Cupressaceae), for which d was assumed to be twice the distance from the vein to the lateral margin of the lamina. Cylindrical or polygonal leaves (e.g. some Pinaceae) were excluded, as were those with accessory transfusion tissue (e.g. Podocarpus, Cycas). The phylogenetic inclusiveness of this study was further supplemented via measurements of figured specimens in the literature for some cycads with relatively simple leaf vein patterns for which the availability of fresh material was limited as well as for a variety of non-angiosperm fossil leaf taxa.
3. Results
Comparison of the d with δ ratio across the vascular plants (135 species; see the electronic supplementary material, table S1 for complete list) revealed significant phylogenetic differences (figure 3). As seen previously [7], most angiosperms are tightly clustered near a d : δ ratio of 1. In that previous study, shade-demanding taxa were sparsely represented, and it is here shown that a distances ratio close to 1 is exhibited even by these angiosperms for which tolerance of higher d : δ ratios might be expected (see electronic supplementary material, figure S1). Broader phylogenetic sampling, however, reveals that the high degree of optimization seen in the angiosperms is unique to the angiosperms. Sampling is incomplete, but many early diverging angiosperm lineages—ANITA-grade taxa, Chloranthales, most magnoliids, the basal Acorales and Alismatales among monocots, and the basal Ranunculales and Proteales among eudicots—are the most poorly optimized flowering plants. Individual members of those lineages may be well optimized, but the groups are not consistently so. It is specifically the Laurales among Magnoliids, derived monocots and the core eudicots that each independently shows uniformly high levels of anatomical optimization with tight clustering near ratios of 1 : 1 (figure 3 and the electronic supplementary material, table S1). In ferns, the median d : δ ratio of 5.3 is higher than all but the most extreme basal angiosperm outliers and the maximum ratios seen among ferns is greater than 10. Gymnospermous seed plants with laminate leaves present only modest improvements over ferns, having a median ratio of 3.3 and a maximum also greater than 10. Several important relationships are seen when d and δ are presented simultaneously (figure 4). Most fundamentally, the prediction was correct that no plants would occupy the theoretical morphospace where d < δ. Modelling and experimental results both suggest that such leaves—although developmentally possible—would be overbuilt, i.e. the high investment in veins would serve no hydraulic purpose and might be detrimental to leaf photosynthetic capacity. Thus, the general absence of d < δ leaves suggests that the hypothesized physiological relationship between these parameters really does reflect a fundamental reality for the plants. Hydraulic underinvestment—the area above the 1 : 1 line in figure 4—was expected to be permissible, but only in sheltered environments. This area of figure 4 is, indeed, well represented, but not evenly so. That underinvestment in veins is much less common in thick leaves than in thin leaves is likely to reflect that thick leaves are most relevant to more exposed environments where an inadequate hydraulic supply would not be viable.
Ferns and gymnosperms both occupy the area of morphospace described as underinvestment in VD (d > δ), although they exhibit different occupations of this space (figure 4). Both groups only produce leaves with low-to-moderate vein densities (relatively high vein–vein distances, d). However, ferns only have relatively thin leaves and, thus, would be susceptible to non-uniform water loss under condition of high evapo-transpirational demand. This could be avoided only in sheltered environments where shade and humidity can allow stomata to remain open despite deficiencies in equitable water distribution. Gymnosperms, on the other hand, tend to be only moderately underinvested (d > δ), because they produce thicker leaves than are seen among ferns. Thus, gymnosperms are shifted towards a 1 : 1 relationship in more exposed environments where their thick leaves would be appropriate for water conservation, i.e. high WUE but overall lower photosynthetic capacity. Inclusion of fossil leaves (see electronic supplementary material, table S2 for the list of specimens) suggests that the range of anatomies seen among living ferns and gymnosperms (low VD leaves that are either thin and poorly optimized or thick and relatively well optimized) is the space that has been occupied by non-flowering plants throughout the evolutionary history of vascular plants (figure 5).
Derived angiosperms are seen to cluster along the 1 : 1 line (figure 4). Thin angiosperm leaves have high VD, and any increases in leaf thickness that result in deeper vein placement also are met with a parallel increase in the distance between veins, i.e. a decrease in VD. Thus, angiosperms are well optimized hydraulically (from the perspective of uniform water supply to the leaf surface) across a broad range of habitats. However, basal angiosperms are more variable, they overlap with the area of hydraulic underinvestment occupied by the ferns while also ranging down to the thin, well-optimized leaves found only among angiosperms.
4. Discussion
(a) Limits on the ecological possibilities of ferns and gymnosperms
All ferns couple thin leaves with low vein densities (figure 4 and the electronic supplementary material, table S1), resulting in poor hydraulic optimization being a universal characteristic across at least three independent evolutions of laminate leaves [10] in the distinct ophioglossalean, marattialean and leptosporangiate lineages of 'ferns'. In the d : δ morphospace, they occupy the most underinvested anatomies that would lead to a highly non-homogeneous distribution of water across the leaf surface and loss of photosynthetic capacity with any increase in evaporative demand. Whether cause or effect, this limitation of ferns to thin leaves of low VD is also associated with a limitation to sheltered environments—humid, shaded or both—where leaves with such poor hydraulic characteristics can best be tolerated.
Ferns do present some informative caveats to the well-known generality of their being limited to wet and shaded environments. The ferns sampled here that experienced the greatest light exposure—the emergent leaves of the aquatic Marsilea, tree ferns including one grown in full sun—also possess the lowest d : δ ratios of any ferns (see the electronic supplementary material, table S1 for these values and all other specific measurements discussed below). These ferns still have d : δ ratios higher than any angiosperm other than the most poorly optimized outliers (figure 3), but they nonetheless demonstrate that plants with intermediate ratios can survive in more exposed environments. However, it is perhaps instructive that, though such plants may persist in more exposed environments, tree ferns only form the canopy where productivity is limited by nutrient availability or other stressors [11]—otherwise the more favourable gas exchange and photosynthetic characteristics of angiosperms will dominate. Some epiphytes can be relatively well optimized by virtue of having thicker leaves (e.g. Pyrrosia), but greater sampling of epiphytic ferns would presumably present additional examples of relatively poor hydraulic optimization persisting in high-light environments where productivity is nutrient limited. Bracken fern, Pteridium aquilinum, can form open stands and yet it is poorly optimized based on the sample included here. Perhaps the well-documented density of bracken thickets, sufficient to exclude establishment of seed plant seedlings [12] means that the leaves are all somewhat sheltered by self-shading even when there is no overhanging tree canopy. Alternatively, the highly cosmopolitan bracken may display a fair amount of ecophenotypic variation. In that case, it is important to note that the lone sample included here comes from a wet, semi-shaded roadside; sampling of more exposed bracken habitats may reveal leaves with a lower d : δ ratio. Although not available for the current study, anatomical measurements of Dipteris may also be informative as a stand-forming plant of sunny habitats in southeast Asia that possesses the highest measured leaf vein densities of any fern [2].
Like ferns, non-angiosperm seed plants possess low vein densities, but they often achieve d : δ ratios that approach 1 : 1 due to having leaves much thicker than any fern (figure 4). These characteristics—low vein densities in thick leaves—contribute to high WUE and, thus, make gymnosperms well adapted to environments where productivity is limited at least seasonally by water and/or nutrient availability. Although this is certainly consistent with modern gymnosperm ecologies [13], the results presented here suggest gymnosperms may have been similarly constrained in the geological past because they never possessed high vein densities [2]. Three-dimensional preservation of leaf internal anatomy is limited, but the available fossil fern and gymnosperm leaves occupy the same range of anatomies as their modern relatives (figure 5). Thus, their anatomical differences may have been consistent throughout their evolutionary histories, as has been seen previously with other aspects of leaf morphology with the more complete sampling available from leaf compression fossils that lack internal anatomy [14]. Perhaps the most interesting departure from this gymnosperm tendency of thick leaves with high WUE are the scale-leaved stems of some Cupressaceae conifers. Leaves with such reduced area are often assumed to reflect water conservation, however, these leaves are thin and all of their limited surface area is close to a vein. Counterintuitively, they may provide instead the closest approximation to angiosperm-like high gas exchange potential (see also [15])—although it is important to note that they are still thick by angiosperm standards. As with tree ferns, Ginkgo demonstrates that high d : δ ratios can persist in full sun and even can support relatively rapid increases in tree height. However, individual Ginkgo leaves have low gas exchange capacities and that rapid growth of the few long shoots is sustained by a large number of low productivity leaves per stem on persistent short shoots [16]. Ultimately, the growth potentials of tree ferns and Ginkgo both represent horticultural possibilities, not native ecologies; Ginkgo is extinct in the wild.
(b) The evolution of angiosperm leaf physiology
Different viewpoints are available regarding how angiosperm physiology fits into the overall spectrum of vascular plant physiology. The vegetative biology of angiosperms is often treated as end members on a physiological continuum shared by other vascular plants and as if angiosperm advantages can be neutralized under the right environmental conditions, such as greatly elevated levels of atmospheric CO2, with other plants being elevated to comparably high levels of productivity [3,9,17–19]. Alternatively, the angiosperms can be viewed as presenting fundamentally new ecological strategies founded upon novel physiological innovations enabling uniquely high growth rates [2,6,13,20,21].
The results presented here support the view that angiosperm physiology—at least among more derived angiosperms—is fundamentally distinct. That angiosperm leaves remain well-optimized even in sheltered environments is particularly telling. Ferns demonstrate that high d : δ ratios can be viable in shaded, humid environments. The leaves of angiosperm shade plants, however, maintain ratios close to 1 : 1 even though it is not strictly necessary for those environments (see electronic supplementary material, figure S1). In this crucial respect, the leaf anatomy of shade angiosperms resembles sun angiosperms rather than the anatomy of non-angiosperms of similarly shaded environments, suggesting the angiosperms are doing something different than non-angiospermous plants. Consistent with existing work [22–25], a possible explanation for this disparity would be if shaded angiosperms are generally more dependent on maximizing photosynthesis from transient flecks of sunlight as opposed to fern dependence on low levels of diffuse skylight. Thus, d : δ optimization is required even in shade angiosperms, because nearly all flowering plant leaves are 'sun' leaves in a way that may not be true of other lineages.
As has been found for other aspects of their vegetative biology [26–28], the leaves of basal ANITA-grade angiosperms differ from more derived angiosperms in possessing d : δ ratios higher than other angiosperms. These plants live in shaded environments of the humid tropics and are intolerant of drought or high vapour pressure deficits [27]. As with ferns, their leaves are thin and have low vein densities. Sampling of basal extant angiosperms and fossil leaves suggests the high leaf vein densities more generally characteristic of flowering plants first appeared in more derived lineages, perhaps independently in the monocots, eudicots and magnolliids and perhaps along with the first angiosperm exploration of more light intensive environments [2–4,29]. Anatomical sampling of crucial intermediate taxa such as the Chloranthaceae is limited, but the results here suggest the parallel evolution of hydraulic optimization of leaf vein placement in the angiosperms may have been at the same time and in the same flowering plant lineages as the initial evolution of high vein densities.
Angiosperm leaf vein densities average between 8 and 10 mm mm−2 and cover the entire spectrum from less than 1 to more than 25 mm mm−2, but leaf vein densities of non-angiosperms are low, averaging only about 2 mm mm−2 and rarely straying outside of the range of 1–4 mm mm−2 [2]. These uniformly low vein densities impose high values for d, making leaf thickness—and, thereby, δ—the only variable available to non-angiosperm leaves. Thus, only two basic strategies are available among most non-angiosperms: thin leaves where sheltered environments are more permissive of poorly optimized d : δ ratios and thick leaves in more exposed environments that require optimization. Thin leaves allow high gas exchange rates, but are at increased risk of desiccation outside of the sheltered environments in which they are universally common. In a basic sense, the uniquely high productivity of flowering plants has been founded on their unique capacity to export thin leaves from the shadows to the exposed top of the canopy.
Funding statement
Work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. EAR-1024041).
The authors thank Ramona Hihn for help with leaf material collection.
- Received October 30, 2013.
- Accepted January 7, 2014.
- © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.


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Charter Hypocrites
"When I became president, there was one independent public charter school in all of America. With our support, there are 1,100 today. My budget assures that early in the next century, there will be 3,000."
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Stop! Before You Take On Redesigning Projects, Look At This.
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I know I have a lot of catching up to do....but that's for later. I've been busy making Christmas gifts and thought I'd start some tutorials in case anyone else is interested. This first tutorial is for a crayon/box car holder. Really it can be used for anything you'd like. Use your imagination. ;) I did not come up with this pattern. A girl in my new Relief Society is the genius behind this and taught me at our ward's Super Saturday a few weekends ago. So I've made it into a tutorial for one and for all. Hope you enjoy. Oh and the next tutorial is for one adorable little girl's apron! I'm really excited to make that one. ;) So stay tuned if you are interested.....oh please, you know you are! ha
Lessons and open house
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