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Black Currant
Medically reviewed on December 6, 2017
Scientific Name(s): Ribes nigrum L. Family: Grossulariaceae (Currant family) Syn. Saxifragaceae 1 , 2
Common Name(s): European black currant , blackcurrant , black currant , quincy berries , Siyah Frenkuzumu , Gichtbeerblaetter , Kurokarin , Grosellero negro 1 , 3 , 4
From the limited data, black currant oil and juice extracts appear useful as an antioxidant source and in treating rheumatoid arthritis and night and fatigue-related visual impairment; the oil and juice extracts also exhibit limited antimicrobial and anticancer properties.
No trials have been conducted to establish appropriate dosage.
Contraindications have not been identified.
Information regarding safety and efficacy in pregnancy and lactation is lacking.
None well documented.
Adverse Reactions
No adverse reactions have been reported. Although no direct evidence is available, use caution in epileptic patients because of reports of lowered seizure threshold with evening primrose oil.
No toxicity, carcinogenicity, or teratogenicity has been reported.
Black currant is a stout, woody, usually spineless, deciduous shrub with toothed-edged, maple-like leaves growing to a height of about 1.2 to 2.1 m unless trimmed. It is native to the midwestern United States, and the fruits are some of the hardiest in resistance to cold or changing temperatures. They do not thrive in hot or dry climates. Some of the species are fragrant, but R. nigrum emits a strong, unpleasant odor. In spring, the flowers are yellowish-white and look like small bells growing alternately in a row. In the fall, clusters of 4 to 6 black-red fruits ripen from the main branch.
Black currant was used for centuries in Chinese folk medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and febrifuge, and as an ingredient in nutraceuticals, wines, juices, and jams in China and Europe. 4 , 5 It was used in "Syrupus Ribis Fructus BPC" (100 parts red currants, 10 parts red cherries, 5 parts black currants) as a flavoring and coloring agent.
An infusion of the leaves has been used in the treatment of dropsy, rheumatic pain, whooping cough, sore throats, and mouth ulcers. The young roots and bark decoctions also have been used.
The chemical composition of the leaves, seeds, and berries of black currant have been determined using various analytical methods. The different methods give rise to differences in reported concentrations of each component. There appears to be variation of chemical content within the species but not necessarily as a consequence of the cultivation method (organic versus commercial). 6 , 7 , 8 , 9
Aside from a high content of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid), 10 the berries contain flavonoids, including quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol; 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 and at least 15 different phenolic acids, including anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins. 2 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 p-Coumaric acid has been identified as one of the predominant phenolic acids. 12 , 15 , 17 The aroma of juice extracts is attributed to the presence of terpenes, esters, and alcohols. 18
The oil from the seeds of the plant contains varying amounts (15% to 19%) of fatty acids: gamma- and alpha-linolenic acids, and stearidonic acid, 6 , 19 as well as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and 2 nitrile-containing compounds. 20 The leaves of the plant contain prodelphindins. 21
Uses and PharmacologyAntioxidant activity
The antioxidant activity of the black currant berries and juice has been examined for potential cardiovascular and anticancer effects.In vitro studies
Study results vary because of different analytical methods; the sugar content and pH of the juices tested also differ. 15 , 22 , 23
The total antioxidant capacity of black currant berries is relatively high when compared with other berries and closely correlates to the total phenolic content. 9 , 12 However, the individual phenolic compounds are suspected in contributing to differing extents. 14 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 26 It is further suggested that the lipophilic antioxidant capacity is low, while the hydrophilic antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds is higher. 14
The vitamin C content is considered to be the major contributor to the antioxidant capacity of black currant. 8 A correlation between vitamin C content and in vitro inhibition of cancer cell proliferation was found when examining antioxidant capacity. 27In vivo studies
Investigations reveal that the bioavailability of anthocyanins and flavonoids in black currant berries and juices is low. In addition, they are considered poor sources of antioxidants. 11 , 28 , 29Clinical studies
No difference in antioxidant activity and biochemical markers were found in 22 elderly people participating in a 2-week trial of berry-enriched desserts, 30 and no difference was found in oxidative DNA damage in a 3-week trial with 60 healthy, adequately nourished adults receiving large amounts of berries in their diet. 31Rheumatoid arthritis
Animal data
The anti-inflammatory effects and immune response of black currant seed oil and prodelphinidins from the leaves have been studied in animal and in vitro settings. 3 , 21 , 32 , 33Clinical data
A Cochrane review of available trial data suggests some benefit from gamma-linolenic acid in rheumatoid arthritis, despite the relatively poor quality of the individual studies. 34 A trend toward reduction of morning stiffness and joint tenderness as well as pain relief was shown. Sufficient evidence was found to warrant further larger trials to provide information regarding outcome, optimal dosage, and duration of therapy. 34 Two randomized, controlled trials using black currant seed oil were included in the review. 35 , 36Other
In one study, 37 black currant showed the least activity against gram-negative bacteria compared with other berries studied. In another study, it inhibited all tested bacteria. 38 A crude extract suppressed the late stage growth of the influenza virus type A and B in canine kidney cells, and inhibited the release of virus from infected cells. 39 Plaque formation, replication in cells, and the attachment of herpes simplex virus type 1 on cell membranes were inhibited in another in vitro study. 4Vision
In a double-blind, crossover trial involving 12 subjects, a single dose of a black currant anthocyanin extract showed a dose-dependant effect on lowering the dark adaptation threshold. 40 A review of 12 placebo-controlled trials of bilberry anthocyanins on night vision found no support for effect but noted considerable confounding variables in the trials. 41 In other in vitro studies, black currant anthocyanins were shown to accelerate the regeneration of rhodopsin and produce sustained and progressive relaxation of bovine myopic ciliary muscle. 42 , 43Anticancer
An in vitro study found black currant extract to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells and, to a lesser extent, colon cancer cells. An inverse relationship between vitamin C content and cancer cell proliferation was noted, so that berry extracts with high vitamin C content inhibited cancer cells to a greater extent. 27Lipid profile
The effect of black currant extracts and anthocyanins on the lipid profile has been investigated. Varying results indicate positive 33 , 44 , 45 and negative 46 effects on cholesterol and triglycerides. Links with positive cardiovascular effects are yet to be established.Diabetic neuropathy
In a study in diabetic rats, the effect of black currant oil on nerve conduction velocity was compared with other gamma-linolenic acid-containing oils. Black currant oil had a lesser effect than all other oils tested. 47Urolithiasis
In a small study in humans, black currant berries were noted to increase the urine pH (alkalinizing effect) as well as increase citric and oxalic acid secretion. 48
No trials have been conducted to establish appropriate dosage; however, 330 mL of black currant juice was given daily in a trial investigating urolithiasis. 48 In rheumatoid arthritis trials, black currant seed oil equivalent to gamma-linolenic acid 525 mg was used in 1 trial 35 and 10.5 g oil daily in another. 36 In another study, six 750 mg capsules were administered daily. 3
Information regarding safety and efficacy in pregnancy and lactation is lacking.
Because gamma-linolenic acid was demonstrated to decrease platelet aggregation and increase bleeding times in rats fed evening primrose oil, a theoretical interaction exists between black currant oil and anticoagulants, such as warfarin. 49 Other in vitro studies add to this consideration. 33 , 50
Adverse Reactions
No adverse reactions have been reported. Although no direct evidence is available, use caution in epileptic patients because of reports of lowered seizure threshold with evening primrose oil. 51 , 52 , 53
No toxicity, carcinogenicity, or teratogenicity has been reported.
Bibliography1. USDA, NRCS. 2004. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 ( http://plants.usda.gov ). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
2. Maatta KR , Kamal-Eldin A , Torronen AR . High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of phenolic compounds in berries with diode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (MS) detection: ribes species . J Agric Food Chem . 2003;51:6736-6744.
3. Wu D , Meydani M , Leka LS , et al. Effect of dietary supplementation with black currant seed oil on the immune response of healthy elderly subjects . Am J Clin Nutr . 1999;70:536-543.
4. Suzutani T , Ogasawara M , Yoshida I , Azuma M , Knox YM . Anti-herpesvirus activity of an extract of Ribes nigrum L . Phytother Res . 2003;17:609-613.
5. Matsumoto H , Takenami E , Iwasaki-Kurashige K , Osada T , Katsumura T , Hamaoka T . Effects of blackcurrant anthocyanin intake on peripheral muscle circulation during typing work in humans . Eur J Appl Physiol . 2005;94:36-45.
6. Del Castillo ML , Dobson G , Brennan R , Gordon S . Fatty acid content and juice characteristics in black currant ( Ribes nigrum L.) genotypes . J Agric Food Chem . 2004;52:948-952.
7. Mikkonen TP , Maatta KR , Hukkanen AT , et al. Flavonol content varies among black currant cultivars . J Agric Food Chem . 2001;49:3274-3277.
8. Nielsen IL , Haren GR , Magnussen EL , Dragstead LO , Rasmussen SE . Quantification of anthocyanins in commercial black currant juices by simple high-performance liquid chromatography. Investigation of their pH stability and antioxidative potency . J Agric Food Chem . 2003;51:5861-5866.
9. Nakajima JI , Tanaka I , Seo S , Yamazaki M , Saito K . LC/PDA/ESI-MS profiling and radical scavenging activity of anthocyanins in various berries . J Biomed Biotechnol . 2004;2004:241-247.
10. Rechner AR , Kuhnle G , Hu H , et al. The metabolism of dietary polyphenols and the relevance to circulating levels of conjugated metabolites . Free Radic Res . 2002;36:1229-1241.
11. Erlund I , Marniemi J , Hakala P , Alfthan G , Meririnne E , Aro A . Consumption of black currants, lingonberries and bilberries increases serum quercetin concentrations . Eur J Clin Nutr . 2003;57:37-42.
12. Ehala S , Vaher M , Kaljurand M . Characterization of phenolic profiles of Northern European berries by capillary electrophoresis and determination of their antioxidant activity . J Agric Food Chem . 2005;53:6484-6490.
13. Hakkinen S , Auriola S . High-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and diode array ultraviolet detection in the identification of flavonol aglycones and glycosides in berries . J Chromatography A . 1998;829:91-100.
14. Wu X , Gu L , Prior RL , McKay S . Characterization of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in some cultivars of Ribes, Aronia, and Sambucus and their antioxidant capacity . J Agric Food Chem . 2004;52:7846-7856.
15. Maatta K , Kamal-Eldin A , Torronen R . Phenolic compounds in berries of black, red, green, and white currants (Ribes sp.) . Antioxid Redox Signal . 2000;3:981-993.
16. Slimestad R , Solheim H . Anthocyanins from black currants ( Ribes nigrum L.) . J Agric Food Chem . 2002;50:3228-3231.
17. Zadernowski R , Naczk M , Nesterowicz J . Phenolic acid profiles in some small berries . J Agric Food Chem . 2005;53:2118-2124.
18. Varming C , Andersen ML , Poll L . Influence of thermal treatment on black currant ( Ribes nigrum L.) juice aroma . J Agric Food Chem . 2004;52:7628-7636.
19. Dobson G . Leaf lipids of Ribes nigrum: a plant containing 16:3, alpha-18:3, gamma-18:3 and 18:4 fatty acids . Biochem Soc Trans . 2000;28:583-586.
20. Lu Y , Foo LY , Wong H . Nigrumin-5-p-coumarate and nigrumin-5-ferulate, two unusual nitrile-containing metabolites from black currant ( Ribes nigrum ) seed . Phytochemistry . 2002;59:465-468.
21. Garbacki N , Augenot L , Bassleer C , Damas J , Tits M . Effects of prodelphinidins isolated from Ribes nigrum on chondrocyte metabolism and COX activity . Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol . 2002;365:434-441.
22. Matsumoto H , Nakamura Y , Hirayama M , Yoshiki Y , Okubo K . Antioxidant activity of black currant anthocyanin aglycons and their glycosides measured by chemiluminescence in a neutral pH region and in human plasma . J Agric Food Chem . 2002;50:5034-5037.
23. McGhie TK , Ainge GD , Barnett LE , Cooney JM , Jensen DJ . Anthocyanin glycosides from berry fruit are absorbed and excreted unmetabolized by both humans and rats . J Agric Food Chem . 2003;51:4539-4548.
24. Viljanen K , Kylli P , Kivikari R , Heinonen M . Inhibition of protein and lipid oxidation in liposomes by berry phenolics . J Agric Food Chem . 2004;52:7419-7424.
25. Joseph JA , Fisher DR , Carey AN . Fruit extracts antagonize Abeta- or DA-induced deficits in Ca2+ flux in M1-transfected COS-7 cells . J Alzheimers Dis . 2004;6:403-411.
26. Breinholt VM , Nielsen SE , Knuthsen P , Lauridsen ST , Daneshvar B , Sorensen A . Effects of commonly consumed fruit juices and carbohydrates on redox status and anticancer biomarkers in female rats . Nutr Cancer . 2003;45:46-52.
27. Olsson ME , Gustavsson KE , Andersson S , Nilsson A , Duan RD . Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vitro by fruit and berry extracts and correlations with antioxidant levels . J Agric Food Chem . 2004;52:7264-7271.
28. Mulleder U , Murkovic M , Pfannhauser W . Urinary excretion of cyanidin glycosides . J Biochem Biophys Methods . 2002;53:61-66.
29. Young JF , Nielsen SE , Haraldsdottir J , et al. Effect of fruit juice intake on urinary quercetin excretion and biomarkers of antioxidative status . Am J Clin Nutr . 1999;69:87-94.
30. Ramirez-Tortosa C , Garcia-Alonso J , Vidal-Guevara ML , et al. Oxidative stress status in an institutionalised elderly group after the intake of a phenolic-rich dessert . Br J Nutr . 2004;91:943-950.
31. Moller P , Loft S , Alfthan G , Freese R . Oxidative DNA damage in circulating mononuclear blood cells after ingestion of blackcurrant juice or anthocyanin-rich drink . Mutat Res . 2004;551:119-126.
32. Garbacki N , Tits M , Angenot L , Damas J . Inhibitory effects of proanthocyanidins from Ribes nigrum leaves on carrageenin acute inflammatory reactions induced in rats . BMC Pharmacol . 2004;4:25.
33. Barre DE . Potential of evening primrose, borage, black currant, and fungal oils in human health . Ann Nutr Metab . 2001;45:47-57.
34. Little C , Parsons T . Herbal therapy for treating rheumatoid arthritis . Cochrane Database Syst Rev . 2001;(1):CD002948.
35. Watson J , Byars ML , McGill P , Kelman AW . Cytokine and prostaglandin production by monocytes of volunteers and rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with dietary supplements of blackcurrant seed oil . Br J Rheumatol . 1993;32:1055-1058.
36. Leventhal LJ , Boyce EG , Zurier RB . Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with blackcurrant seed oil . Br J Rheumatol . 1994;33:847-852.
37. Puupponen-Pimia R , Nohynek L , Meier C , et al. Antimicrobial properties of phenolic compounds from berries . J Appl Microbiol . 2001;90:494-507.
38. Cavanagh H , Hipwell M , Wilkinson JM . Antibacterial activity of berry fruits used for culinary purposes . J Med Food . 2003;6:57-61.
39. Knox YM , Suzutani T , Yosida I , Azuma M . Anti-influenza virus activity of crude extract of Ribes nigrum L . Phytother Res . 2003;17:120-122.
40. Nakaishi H , Matsumoto H , Tominaga S , Hirayama M . Effects of black current anthocyanoside intake on dark adaptation and VDT work-induced transient refractive alteration in healthy humans . Altern Med Rev . 2000;5:553-562.
41. Canter PH , Ernst E . Anthocyanosides of Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry) for night vision--a systematic review of placebo-controlled trials . Surv Ophthalmol . 2004;49:38-50.
42. Matsumoto H , Kamm KE , Stull JT , Azuma H . Delphinidin-3-rutinoside relaxes the bovine ciliary smooth muscle through activation of ETB receptor and NO/cGMP pathway . Exp Eye Res . 2005;80:313-322.
43. Matsumoto H , Nakamura Y , Tachibanaki S , Kawamura S , Hirayama M . Stimulatory effect of cyanidin 3-glycosides on the regeneration of rhodopsin . J Agric Food Chem . 2003;51:3560-3563.
44. Tahvonen RL , Schwab US , Linderborg KM , Mykkanen HM , Kallio HP . Black currant seed oil and fish oil supplements differ in their effects on fatty acid profiles of plasma lipids, and concentrations of serum total and lipoprotein lipids, plasma glucose and insulin . J Nutr Biochem . 2005;16:353-359.
45. Frank J , Kamal-Eldin A , Lundh T , Maatta K , Torronen R , Vessby B . Effects of dietary anthocyanins on tocopherols and lipids in rats . J Agric Food Chem . 2002;50:7226-7230.
46. Nielsen IL , Rasmussen SE , Mortensen A , et al. Anthocyanins increase low-density lipoprotein and plasma cholesterol and do not reduce atherosclerosis in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic rabbits . Mol Nutr Food Res . 2005;49:301-308.
47. Dines KC , Cotter MA , Cameron NE . Effectiveness of natural oils as sources of gamma-linolenic acid to correct peripheral nerve conduction velocity abnormalities in diabetic rats: modulation by thromboxane A2 inhibition . Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids . 1996;55:159-165.
48. Kessler T , Jansen B , Hesse A . Effect of blackcurrant-, cranberry- and plum juice consumption on risk factors associated with kidney stone formation . Eur J Clin Nutr . 2002;56:1020-1023.
49. Norred CL , Brinker F . Potential anticoagulation effects of preoperative complementary and alternative medicines . Altern Ther Health Med . 2001;7:58-67.
50. Pregnolato P , Maranesi M , Bosi I , et al. Effect of diets containing different amounts of precursor and derivative fatty acids on serum TXB2 . Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids . 1996;55:325-328.
51. Werneke U , Earl J , Seydel C , Horn O , Crichton P , Fannon D . Potential health risks of complementary alternative medicines in cancer patients . Br J Cancer . 2004;90:408-413.
52. Ernst E . Ayurvedic medicines. Pharmacoepidemiology Drug Saf . 2002;11:455-456.
53. Vaddadi KS . The use of gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid to differentiate between temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia . Prostaglandins Med . 1981;6:375-379.
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health
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text: Getting the "balance" right by Colin Milner With the youngest Boomers celebrating their 50th birthday this year--and exponential growth in older age groups for many years to come--many new opportunities are available to support their health and wellness. One such opportunity is a "balance center." This is a benefit of membership. If you are not an ICAA member you will need to purchase a membership for access. To learn more, please visit http://www.icaa.cc/membership/whyicaa.htm

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Read this tip to make your life smarter, better, faster and wiser. LifeTips is the place to go when you need to know about Online tools and other Telecommuting topics.
Ever wonder how skyscrapers can be built in six months, or how consumer products are created seemingly in the blink of an eye? Rigorous project-management techniques, enabled by project-management software, contribute significantly to seeing many large-scale projects through to completion.
But it takes a lot of training--and a lot of patience--to reap the rewards of hard-core project-management software. And many projects simply don't require the complicated resource- and time-tracking tools found in such programs. Often all you need is to set out clear goals, identify necessary tasks, predict obstacles you're likely to encounter, and think your way around them. Yet for tracking small projects and mapping out larger ones, you may find Experience in Software's Project KickStart useful.
Click here for the full article review
|Guru Spotlight
|Mary White


text:
The city crowds surrounded this man and sheep, as he laboriously sheared lane by lane, with strength, skill and patience.
We admired the initial product, digging our hands into the soft and unaltered wool.
The girls observed carefully as a woman with seamless effort spun the wool into yarn. She explained it takes years to master that skill.
We learned that wool could be dyed naturally, by using plants, vegetables, seeds and even mushrooms. Some of their samples had been dyed with black walnut, goldenrod and beets!
The little one got to pick and spin two colors into this beautiful bracelet. She also kept some in her pocket to later leave in the woods for a bird to use to build its nest.
We even witnessed with amazement how this border collie herded the sheep, in an incredible dance between human, dog and sheep.
The visit ended with colorful displays of yarn and the work of many artisans and their beautiful works of art to buy or just dream of.
Today, the little one took a trip to the Arburetum to leave the yarn for the birds. They picked a tree to leave it by and went for a walk. When they returned the yarn was gone!
Many farms are opening their doors to visitors. You may get to see some of the newer additions to the animals' families or maybe some sheep shearing. On May 1st, Codman Farm, in Lincoln MA will have its own Sheep Shearing Day.


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When unwanted animals intrude into our homes, they are not only an annoyance but they also have a tendency to cause damage to the areas of the house where they intrude. They may cause damage by forcing an entry way into an exterior wall or they may destroy the walls, floor, or wiring of a room once they get inside. At Smith Premium Remodeling we restore the areas of the house that the animals have damaged. With our attic restoration services, we will restore your home to its original condition and evaluate your home for possible entry points to avoid further animal intrusions.
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Ah, I can't believe a week ago I was spending my last night in Romania. Time flies way too fast these days... Trying to get back into the swing of things around here. Lots of weddings, engagement shoots, and adventures coming up in the next few months!
While I'm settling in, know that one of my dearest friends got married the day before I left for Romania. I was blessed to shoot her wedding and looking forward to posting it soon. For now, here's three shots from that special day:


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Shopping! Whether it's online, in-store, or with a beloved companion, shopping is my favorite form of therapy. Picking and choosing is all fun and games until you get to the cashier's' desk and realize you're about to spend the last $32.56 in your bank account. I'm always on the hunt for deals and keeping up with coupons, but it wasn't until recently that I started thinking about where my clothes come from, and who makes them. Sometimes spending a little extra is easier when you know it's going toward companies that support/provide good wages for their employees and our environment.
The research about poor working conditions put on by clothing manufacturers is staggering. Although in many places overseas the garment industry is the largest employer, trading and supervising are not always made on right terms. Many workers don't get what they deserve in terms of money or treatment, and by buying clothes from these manufacturers, you're supporting their ways of pursuing business.
Along with the people who make the clothes, lots of energy – electricity, light, gas, etc. – go into making the end product. It's important to support companies that hold sustainable environmental views when it comes to their products. I've compiled a list of shops that hold to this high standard and recommend you think of them next time you're shopping.
People Tree – Hand produced, natural & organic cotton farming, Fair trade, Use recycled & biodegradable substances.
Patagonia – Made in USA, donate sales to environmental groups worldwide, recycled polyester & organic cotton.
Alternative Apparel – Eco & organic cotton, non-toxic dyes, recycled polyester & materials, over 80% of products are made through sustainable products and methods.
Mini Mioche – Locally made & organic, all made in canada, low-impact, non-toxic, re-usable dyes.
Bead & Reel – American made, cruelty free, fair trade, organic, vegan, female founded, donate portion of all sales to a different charity every month.


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ADDISON — Bird-lovers are invited to join the Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department at the new Dead Creek Visitor Center in Addison to learn more about bird banding and conservation. The department is partnering with Otter Creek Audubon to host Bird Banding Week with hands-on bird banding demonstrations.
Songbird banding will take place from 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. on October 16, 17, and 21. Owl banding will take place from 8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. on Friday, October 20.


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I think your notion that Diane was testing you may be correct. It would certainly rationalize her behavior at the Sheridan and the transformation after you got to their place.
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Spain To Start Suspending Catalonia's Autonomy From Saturday Onwards.
Jalil Javed
After the leader of Catalonia recently made more remarks concerning their declaration of independence, officials from the Spanish Government have decided to move to suspend the autonomy of Catalonia. Ministers will be meeting on Saturday to activate Article 155, a provision that suspends autonomy and allows the Federal Government to take control of a region.
After Catalonia voted in a referendum to secede from Spain, the Catalonian Leader, Carles Puigdemont, warned that the region's parliament would vote on independence if Spain continued to 'hinder dialogue'. Some are fearing that this will create further unrest after both the Catalonian leaders and the Spanish Government have made moves deemed extreme by many.
The Supreme Court of Spain declared the referendum "illegitimate", and described the country as being indivisible. Article 155, which was made a part of the new constitution of Spain three years after the death of Francisco Franco in 1975, allows the Federal Government to impose direct rule in a crisis, but as yet has never been invoked.
The Spanish Government claims that their current moves are to protect the constitution and uphold rule of law, however; Madrid appears to fear further backlash from the public, and are attempting to control any potential future damage in order to minimise the risk of large-scale protests.
Featured Image Credits: AFP


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Asthma sufferer using nebulizer
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|17 Jan 2012
Windows 7 64 bit
How about Iomega? Not quite as ubiquitous as Western Digital or Seagate but some of them come equipped with an eSata port which is a strong selling point. I won't be in the market for a new laptop for quite some time and mine doesn't have usb 3.0. Anyway, by the time I upgrade, 3.0 will be a standard feature on most laptops. Thunderbolt will also be featured on more laptops too. So for now, its 2.0 and eSatap.
|My System Specs
|17 Jan 2012
Vista, Windows7, Mint Mate, Zorin, Windows 8
eSata is a good choice. My tests showed that eSata was faster than USB3 - same hardware and disks, only different external enclosures.
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text:
Art Of Atari: Poster Collection
The artwork of Atari inspired a generation and created a bridge from the simple on-screen graphics of its early games to the imaginations of eager gamers.
- More Below…
Product Description
- Artist
- Various
- Binding
- trade paperback
- Cat No.
- 3912744
- Genres
- Art & Design
- Computer Games
- 9781524103026
- Previews
- Previews April 2017
- Publisher
- Dynamite Entertainment
- Series
- Dynamite Entertainment
- Type
- Graphic Novels
- Wednesday Comicss
- Wednesday Comics 21/06/2017
- Wednesday Comics 09/08/2017
The artwork of Atari inspired a generation and created a bridge from the simple on-screen graphics of its early games to the imaginations of eager gamers.
Now, Dynamite Entertainment proudly brings the most iconic, mind-blowing video game illustrations to posters, each one easy to remove and perfect for display, showcasing the tremendous talent of Atari's greatest artists!
40 READY-TO-FRAME, REMOVABLE, 12' x 16' PRINTS IN ONE COLLECTION:
Millipede 2600, Star Raiders 520, RealSports Baseball 5200, Missile Command 2600, Centipede 2600, 3D Tic-Tac-Toe Asteroids 2600, Basketball 2600, Asteroids 5200, Centipede 5200, Asteroids 7800, Combat Two, Demons To Diamonds, Crystal Castles, Football 2600, Haunted House, Haunted House (Unused), Home Run, Missile Command 5200, SwordQuest Fireworld, RealSports Tennis, RealSports Baseball, Surround, RealSports Basketball 2600, Video Checkers, RealSports Soccer 5200, RealSports Volleybal, SwordQuest Airworld, AtariAge SwordQuest Cover, Video Pinball, SwordQuest Waterworld, RealSports Basketball 5200, RealSports Football 2600, Star Raiders 2600off, Super Breakout 2600, Tempest 2600, Warlords, Yars' Revenge, Warlords Family, and the Atari Wizard!
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The problem of hearing loss is most commonly associated with old age. However, it has been noticed that even children and healthy adults can suffer from this hearing loss. In most cases, until the problem gets severe people are unaware of hearing problems. Pittsburgh (PA), Dormont (PA), and Bethel Park (PA) are some of those places in US where numerous cases of hearing losses come up every year.
There are 3 primary reasons of hearing losses:
1.Sensorineural: Sometimes also known as "Nerve Deafness", this problem happens when nerves inside the ear (cochlea) fails to transmit sensory perception to the brain. This might be due to hereditary reasons, side effect of certain medications or even head injuries. Too much exposure to loud noise or even viral infection caused by measles, meningitis or mumps can cause this type of deafness.
2.Conductive: This issue happens when anything is wrong with the outer or the middle ear. Conductive deafness happens due to head injury, congenital defects like otosclerosis or even infection.
3.Mixed: This is a combination of the previous 2 types of deafness. Mixed hearing loss can be sudden or gradual and in some cases due to unknown causes. Normally when there is any sort of injury caused either to the inner or the middle ear or even the auditory nerve system this kind of deafness may happen.
Although hearing loss is common amongst old people, it is good to have the knowledge of how to prevent such problems. Here are some of the ways to prevent this problem:
1. Unhealthy food habits or diets are a major factor in hearing loss at a young age. Food rich in omega-3 acids and fish oil can help delay or prevent problems related to hearing. Other healthy nutrients in food that can help in hearing loss prevention are Vitamin b9 and Folic Acid. Folate rich food like spinach, turnip, and asparagus can also help a lot in deafness prevention.
2. Deafness due to noise pollution can be prevented by heavy intake of a combination of Vitamin C, A, and E. Another element that can help in preventing this disease would be magnesium. Most Pittsburgh residents, amongst others in US have started consuming more vitamin and minerals rich food to help prevent hearing issues with their ears.


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If you are taking a trip to Dubai, you must not pass up an opportunity to ride a camel. Known as the "ship of the desert", these beasts of burden have been used by local tribes for thousands of years. Now we offer you the chance to try out a ride on a camel as part of our morning desert safari.
As with all our desert safari packages, your adventure starts with a dune bashing sessions. No visitor to Dubai should forego the opportunity to enjoy this fun activity. As your jeep rushes at high speeds through a dune, you'll be hanging on for dear life as your vehicle tilts at such a steep angle you'll be wondering how you can still keep upright.
Once you're done with dune bashing, you'll have the chance to get on a camel. These animals have a unique way of moving that is different from a horse so you may need a few minutes to get used to it. But once you've become acclimated to them, you'll surely have the experience of a lifetime seeing the desert from the back of a camel.
The safari ends with a short trip to our desert camp where you can enjoy complimentary refreshments before we bring you back to your hotel. If you are interested in enjoying our morning desert safari with camel riding adventure, call us today for a booking, or if you simply want to learn more about what we have to offer. We look forward to hearing from you!


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White cast resin abstract sculpture on black stone base. Please note: large crack on resin.


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Immediate Family
About Cornelis Aertszen Artsen van Schaick
Cornelis Aertsen VAN SCHAICK (Adriaen (Aert Jansz) was born 1610 in Westbroek, Utrecht, Netherlands; he married Belitje Arabella Hendrickse, daughter of Henrick Hendrickse, 1 Jul 1640 in Sloterdyck, Utricht, Netherlands; he married Wyntje Eberts 10 Jul 1666 in New Amsterdam, New Netherlands; he died 1669 in New Amsterdam, New Netherland.
He Cornelis was born about 1610 in Westbroek, Province of Utrecht, The Netherlands, Holland. Cornelis was among the settlers chosen by the Dutch West India Company to establish a colony in the New World. Cornelis Aertsen Van Schaick was a man of 26 who arrived in New Netherlands after a long and arduous voyage in 1636. He joined a group of brave, resolute and hard-working people who were devoted to the colonization of the West India Company. The father of Cornelis was Adriaen (Aert) Van Schaick, who was born about 1580. The Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam were a diligent, thrifty and sturdy people unlike the personalities and characters portrayed by Washington Irving in his 'Knickerbockers History of New York.' From all that is known about Cornelis, it appears that he was energetic and active in building and defending the new settlement. Cornelis was willing to accept whatever risks were present in the hostile environment in which he lived and reared a family. In 1636, Cornelis received a grant of land from the West India Company. A tragedy befell Cornelis when he was living at Pavonia (PaulusHook). His buildings and property were destroyed in the February, 1643 Indian uprising. A number of Dutch settlers were killed in the conflict, which occurred during the administration of Gov. William Kieft. After Indians torched his house and farm buildings, Cornelis moved to Manhattan. However, the move did not offer a great deal of protection, considering Manhattan was also a frontier wilderness at the time. In 1645, Cornelis became the grantee of 22 acres of land at Crown Point, Corlears Hook, adjoining the Corlear plantation. The property had a long frontage on the East River. In 1656, Cornelis leased Gov. Stuyvessant's bouwrie, one of the largest as well as the most remote from the city. During the period of the lease, it was necessary to post extra watches throughout every night to protect the bouwries in this area from possible Indian depredation. The Indians had never become really friendly with the Dutch settlers since the 1643 episode. Although a peace treaty with the Indians was signed in 1645; there was continuous friction and misunderstandings between the Dutch and the Indians. Cornelis also became the lessee of the Jan Damen farm which extended from the East River to the Hudson, and was bounded generally on the south by what became known as Wall Street. On the north, it was bounded by Maiden Lane. He was one of the leading farmers of the colony, and is reported to have supplied the families of New Amsterdam with much of their produce. Cornelis for many years occupied the 'Great House' on the Damen farm located just outside the land gate on what is now the eastside of Broadway diagonally across from what is now Cedar Street. Upon the death of Jan Damen, Cornelis became one of the administrators of this estate. It is of passing interest that the Damen Farm abutted land formerly owned by Goosen Gerritsen Van Schaick (believed to be a cousin of Cornelis), who, when elected Magistrate of Albany in 1648, came to New Amsterdam to dispose of his property before accepting the office in Albany. Goosen Gerritsen came to New Netherlands in the year 1637. On September 12, 1648, Cornelis acknowledged by his mark that he was indebted to Bryant Dircksen Goethart in the sum of 322 guilders in sewan (local currency for trading with the Indians) payable on June 1, 1649. As one of the Overseers for the Outward (Bowery section of New York) where he received his first grant of land, Cornelis brought several suits against other landowners for improper maintenance of their fences. Cornelis was a friend and supporter of Gov. Peter Stuyvesant and early in 1664 made a contribution at the request of the governor for improving the defenses of the city. He did not sign any of the Remonstrances or Petitions requesting relief or redress. His fair-mindedness and excellent standing in the community is demonstrated by his repeated selection by the Burgomasters Court of New Amsterdam as one of the arbitrators in contested litigation which the Court found should be submitted to arbitration. The evidence is ample that Cornelis was well thought of in the Colony, and that he played a credible part in its early history, particularly throughout the Stuyvesant administration. Cornelis died in 1669 and his estate passed to his surviving heirs, his son, Arie Cornelissen, his brother, Hendrik Cornelissen and their sister, Lisbeth Cornelissen. They conveyed to Capt. John m Barry of Bergen, New Jersey two parcels of land on the island of Manhattan, the two parcels being confirmed by a patent from Gov. Francis Lovelace bearing the date 16 September 1669
- Updated from MyHeritage Family Trees via son Claas Gerritse Vanschaick by SmartCopy: Mar 21 2015, 9:19:15 UTC
other sources
Cornelis Aertszen Artsen van Schaick's Timeline
Westbroek, Holland, Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden
Age 25
Houten, Utrecht
July 7, 1641
Age 31
New Amsterdam (Manhattan Island), New Netherland
July 9, 1642
Age 32
New Amsterdam, New Netherlands
September 1, 1646
Age 36
New Netherlands
April 1647
Age 37
Albany, Albany County, New York, Stany Zjednoczone
October 1, 1651
Age 41
New Netherland
September 16, 1669
Age 59
New Amsterdam (Manhattan Island), New Netherland


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Concerning conditions in the cities, probably speaking of Baltimore, Wyneken writes:
"You will find thousands of our people who, either forced by bodily want, or lured on by prospects of carnal liberty and outward comfort which the Prince of Darkness held out to them, have here made their homes. Numbers of those who already in the old country had sunken into the mire of profligacy here indulge with all the greater wantonness their beastly inclinations, having no reverence whatever for sacred things and knowing no restraints of even the merest outward decency. Horror and dismay fills me even now, while writing these lines, when I remember the shamelessness wherewith vice, not hidden' in the darkness of night, but in the broadest daylight, struts about in the streets of a seaport, and how I there found the grossest indecency and the most disgusting dens of vice conducted by Germans.
Others, rejoicing to have cast off the fetters of the Church as well as of the State, do indeed live in outward decency, yet without the Church, without hope, alas! even without any desires for anything higher. The ever-changing and yet so monotonous daily routine satisfies them and becomes the tomb of all holy longings after a perfect rest and the bliss of heaven.
The children follow in the footsteps of their parents, some grow up without any education whatever, while others learn in the public schools only those things which enable them to get along in this life.
The majority are carried along in the current of greed, which in America has reached its greatest depth and most sweeping force, and probably here delivers the greatest number of victims into the sea of perdition.
"But God be praised, not all forsake their God and the faith of their fathers thus; their souls do crave food, congregations are formed, churches are built, and schools are erected. But probably in all larger cities the number of German orthodox ministers is inadequate for the size of the German population. The ministers have enough, yea, more than enough to do with those who voluntarily commit themselves to their spiritual care.
But who goes forth to the dens of infamy, into the busy factories, where carnal minds are laboring merely for the bread of this present life? Who calls the countless sinners who do not at all concern themselves about church and divine worship? Behold, here we need missionaries who are burning with zeal for the Lord and neither dread the pitying scoffs of the worldly-wise nor the diabolical laughter of abject indecency, but force their way into their houses and into their hearts to win them for Christ. But these missionaries are wanting."
From Ebenezer: Reviews of the Work of the Missouri Synod During Three Quarters of a Century…edited by William Herman Theodore Dau, p. 55ff


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Tax Law Design and Drafting, Volume 1
- 1 Tax Legislative Process
- 2 Legal Framework for Taxation
- 3 Drafting Tax Legislation
- 4 Law of Tax Administration and Procedure
- 5 Regulation of Tax Professionals
- 6 Value-Added Tax
- 7 VAT Treatment of Immovable Property
- 8 Excises
- 9 Tax on Land and Buildings
- 10 Taxation of Wealth
- 11 Social Security Taxation
- 12 Presumptive Taxation
- 13 Adjusting Taxes for Inflation
1 Tax Legislative Process
- Victor Thuronyi
- Published Date:
- August 1996
Show Summary Details
Richard K. Gordon and Victor Thuronyi
I do not have any doubt that when we proceed to shift the taxes around so that one set of taxpayers pays a lot more taxes and somebody else pays a lot less taxes, the people who benefit from it do not remember it very long. They tend to feel that it should have been that way all the time, and the people who are paying the additional taxes resent it very bitterly.
—Sen. Russell Long
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About VorScot Tours
You get More than a Holiday with VorScot Tours
Vorscot Tours Owner Ivor has worked for the UK National and Local Government , initially as a Geologist and Museologist and finally with the Scottish Sports Council.
He has extensive experience in the administration of incoming groups to the UK and abroad and his work has taken him throughout Scotland – one of the few Scots who has been to all areas of his country and whose formative years enables him to appreciate the landscape and cultural heritage of the nation. All this enables Ivor to impart a wealth of information to you during your Scottish tour.
Ivor has visited Norway since childhood; has an expanded family spread all over this wonderful country and explored widely throughout Norway over the years. Since 2001 he has led tours of Norway of varied character to allow his companions to share his awareness and experience of this exciting land.
Ivor is also well qualified to guide tours to Spain. By visiting Spain regularly since the early 1960`s ; owning property along the Costa del Sol and having lived in Andalucia for some years gives him a solid background upon which to build his knowledge of the wider Iberian landscape; its culture and history the better to impart to clients he guides on tours throughout this vibrant and colourful country.
Member of several trade associations including the Scottish Tourism Forum ; the Federation of Small Business and appropriate local tourist bodies. He has over 11 years experience in providing varied high quality value for money tours and programmes to the delight of his customers.
His varied background and contacts in the fields of culture and the arts and sports; his love of the countryside coupled with his passion and pride in his guiding gives a unique personal expression to his private escorted tailored tours be they longer tours and trails or day tours whether for individuals, families or groups.
Testimonial Quotes:
Hola Ivor,
THANK YOU for being so special. I've asked the group what they will keep as the best memory of the whole week, and they all agreed it will be you, you made our time in Scotland something to be remembered."
Alicia F Martin Principal Escuela Oficial de Idiomas de Valverde,Canary Islands
"Dear Ivor: After looking thru our itinerary, I am really impressed with all that you were able to accommodate in such a short time. Your decisions for touring and overnight accommodations were perfect for our first trip to your country. Thank you for being such a good sport with my passion to stay off the beaten path and on the miles of hiking trails. So, thank you again for having created a perfect week for us, we enjoyed it all. Our best to you. Judy and Bill"
Judy Drinkwater
JWD DESIGNS" California USA
Hi Ivor,safely home with great memories.Thanks to your knowledge and expertise we saw in our 14 days what would have taken us weeks to find for ourselves-if at all! You made our experience come alive with your humour,friendly chat and constant advice and your choice of route and stop overs was just right.John has told all the family and our friends about our marvellous second trip with you which exceeded even our previous shorter holiday with you last year.Thanks so much for a fantastic time when we could explore so much more of Scotland. I have already made our friends excited over the prospect of joining us for your Fire & Ice tour and will send you our dates shortly.Wish Betty love and thank her again for tea and scones in your beautiful garden.Back soon.Love Jane.
Jane Sewell,Forest City,North Carolina,USA


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Teacher of Science Physics or Chemistry, Poulton-Le-Fylde Lancashire
Closing date:
Start date: 28th August 2018
Contract type: Full Time
Contract term: Permanent
Suitable for NQTs: Yes
This outstanding Academy is inviting applications from ambitious, well qualified and highly motivated candidates who are passionate, enthusiastic and eager to teach Physics and/or Chemistry across the full ability and age range in a very successful Science Department. Newly qualified teachers (NQTs) are welcome to apply.
Hodgson Academy has been designated as one of the first wave of National Teaching Schools. This post will add capacity in Science to help deliver our commitment to further raising attainment at Hodgson and beyond.
Results in 2017 included 84% 5+ A* - C, 82% including English & Maths
Core Science A*- C 75.3%, Additional Science A*- C 73.7%
Triple Science A*- C Biology 97%, Chemistry 100% and Physics 100%
ICT within and across the curriculum is a major focus and all teaching staff are issued with a personal laptop on appointment.
If you want to make THAT difference and be a welcomed addition to a very successful team within this outstanding Academy, this is the post for YOU.
Closing date for applications is Friday 20th April 2018 9.00am
The school is strongly committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and young people and expects all staff and volunteers to share this commitment. You shall be required to undertake an enhanced DBS disclosure and a range of other recruitment checks
Contact Hodgson Academy
Thanks for your interest in this role.
Simply fill in the form below to ask any questions, request a call, or schedule a school visit.
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Hublot watches are really selling well in recent years, which also make it more and more popular all over the world. The biggest advantage of buying a Hublot watch is that people will be attracted by its particular appearance on your wrist, besides, the fusion of precious metals and rubber adoption is also one of the biggest selling points. There are many Hublot limited edition watches released for football games and stars, if you are crazy for football, you should also choose one Hublot watch. Those 1:1 replika Hublot watches on here adopt Valjoux 7750 movement, they are the real Swiss made replica watches sold on the internet. If you don't trust us, buy one watch home and see if it can work 3-5 years for you, the Swiss made replicas are the best, they all have such a long life, don't worry, our replica Hublot watches are also water resistant, you can wash your hands while wearing one.
Aero Bang 1:1 Clone Big Bang Big Bang With Hub4100 Big Bang 38MM
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Hublot Big Bang 1:1 301.SM.1770.RX Black Rubber Steel Ceramic Watch HUB4100This watch features a contemporary style that can be wo...$560.00
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STEVEN CHASE – The Globe and Mail
The Harper government, an ardent defender of oil sands extraction, is taking a keen new interest in Ontario voters' concerns that wind power generation may be harmful to humans. As part of its push to develop a green-energy sector, the Ontario government has encouraged the installation of solar generation and industrial-size wind power turbines. But Ontario's Liberal Premier Dalton McGuinty has run into resistance from rural landowners over wind turbines – opposition that may have cost him his majority in the last election.
His rival, Tim Hudak of the Progressive Conservatives, has courted anti-wind power sentiment. People living close to the massive turbines worry that they hurt property values. Some blame noise from the turning blades for a variety of health problems including disrupted sleep, stress, headaches and nausea.
Federal Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq indicated this week that Ottawa is now officially getting involved, announcing that the government will underwrite an in-depth scientific study into possible adverse effects of living near wind power projects. She said she was responding to public concern. Read article


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Monthly Archives: March 2015
State of Things Radio Interview
I was delighted to be hosted on The State of Things, WUNC FM's program regarding issues in the Triangle of North Carolina. For a third of the hour-long show in February 2015, I talked with Frank Stasio about my fellowship studying urban gardens in Barcelona, Spain. For anyone interested in hearing what I sound like on radio, you can hear me HERE.
It seemed fitting to be interviewed in the United States, because I was previously interviewed in Spanish on RTVE in November 2014. (Being interviewed in English is a little less nerve-wracking.)
Huffington Post commentary on Duke and Muslims
In January 2015, I felt the need to offer my opinion regarding the Duke controversy with regards to the Muslim call to prayer. I am not Muslim, but I do support religious freedoms! So, I penned and published this on HuffPo.


text: PHILADELPHIA (AP) - July 2, 2008 --Josh Smith wasted no time taking advantage of his restricted free-agent status, spending Wednesday visiting the Philadelphia 76ers - a franchise with plenty of cap room to make a big offer. The 22-year-old Smith toured the city and visited the Wachovia Center with Sixers officials, who would like to woo the forward away from Atlanta with an offer sheet too expensive for the Hawks to match. As he's a restricted free agent, the Hawks can match any offer made to the 6-foot-9, 235-pound Smith. But one of Smith's agents said Wednesday night the former slam dunk champion was impressed with his tour of the city, which included a meeting with Philadelphia Mayor Michael Nutter. "They showed a very genuine interest," said Smith's agent, Wallace Prowther. "Early, early next week we'll have a much firmer grip on which direction things are going in." The Sixers can try and make match an offer sheet tough to accomplish. The Sixers have about $11 million in salary cap space available and could use all of it to offer Smith a five-year contract. The Hawks have said they would match any contract offer to Smith, but are on the hook next season for big contracts for Mike Bibby and Joe Johnson, and they still want to re-sign forward Josh Childress. Hawks co-owner Michael Gearon Jr. said shortly after the season he was committed to keeping Smith and Childress. "We're absolutely, without a doubt, very committed to keeping both as Hawks players for the long haul," he said. "We believe in them and think they're a critical part of this team and that they're going to be part of this franchise for a long time." Smith's numbers have increased in each of his four NBA seasons since Atlanta made him a first-round pick out of high school in 2004. He averaged 17.2 points and 8.2 rebounds last year and helped the Hawks make the playoffs. Smith and his agents met with the Hawks on Tuesday. Prowther said other visits where scheduled, but declined to name the teams. "The process is early, but I will say that things went very well," he said. Smith would be a nice fit for the up-tempo Sixers and would be a huge upgrade over last year's power forward, Reggie Evans. He's one of the premier shot blockers in the league and could team with starting center Samuel Dalembert and small forward Thaddeus Young to form one of the top frontcourts in the Eastern Conference. "From the outside looking in, it looks like he'd fit well," Prowther said. Teams began negotiating with free agents on Tuesday and can begin signing free agents on July 9.


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NOTONE is a 'Dj team & multi art development'
(music, design, painting, graphism ...)
+++ You Tube youtube.com/user/michlspiel
Romain Play (Dj & Live) + Michel Spiel & Soni D. (Dj & Live) + Rod Holefo (Dj) + Paul Oberheim (Dj) + Pattern Factory Operator (Live) + The Datamancers (Live) + Bocal F (vj's) + Cedrick Vannier (The best artist painter ...) & and much more good artists ...
** Check NOTONE :
Booking : +33 06 51 853 818
.michel spiel
.romain play
.paul oberheim - pattern factory operator
.onda sin control
Biography : michel spiel
.alias = sismik, mychl s, sims
.At 10 years old, Michel Simoes had his first musical experience at a radio Station, where his cousin used to work as a dj.
Soon he acquired the rudimentary knowledge of jingles & radio tracks mash-up.
However, he quickly gave up (too commercial) to look into indie, rock, punk labels & bought his very first guitar at 15 (which he turned into a bass guitar).
He played everyday with his musician friends to find the most stimulating riffs.
Fascinated by bass frequencies, he kept on looking for the most original one in every music style.
It ended up with a revelation: the sample, which opened up new music horizons.
This passionate researcher of new sounds (influenced by what happened all over the world – especially in London, Brussels & Berlin) found his vocation in 1995 : the djing.
Michel is one of the founder of NOTONE (organization & label) in Orleans & Paris, & plays with a few passionate people (Onda sin Control, Romain Play , Pierre Pevée & P3P & since 2010 Leftorium, Aqua Veda with Arcadia festival - , Bocal f (video mix ). He meets a lot of dj : Zip aka Dimbiman, Mathias Kaden, Superpitcher, Anthony Rother & many more ...
He also organizes electronic parties, such as the well-known "No love No life" at Astrolabe (Orleans) with great djs (Arnaud Rebotini, Prince off …)
This outstanding dj will treat you good with deep house, minimal, catchy & unpretentious music during his efficient & deep set, so book it -
Listen to all music and sounds of NoTone Present : "dj's, vj's & multi art' team"... and follow this user by signing in for free.
You can listen to 15 tracks and mixes and follow this user as 21 did before.
This artist liked 6 tracks, followed 21 others and reshared 0 tracks and mixes. 8 other people are following this page too.
notone.fr soundcloud...chel-spiel


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Join the other Quicktakers at This Ain't the Lyceum.
Tonight is Rosie's big theatrical debut. She plays the role of Starkey- one of Captain Hook's pirates in Peter Pan. She is so excited about it!!
2. Izzy has been more behind the scenes. She made two panels of wallpaper for the Darling's Nursery set in Scene 1. It took her hours!!
She also made a cake for the after party- a crocodile pull-apart cake!
As her mother and high school teacher, it's my job to find activities and projects that she can excel in. I think she did a great job working on this play and on opening night, she is also going to be on stage crew helping with the lights!
And just because we like to add a little extra stress to our weekends, tomorrow Mr. Pete and Izzy are taking an 8-hour long blacksmithing course. I can't wait to see what those two decide to do after that!
5. Noah is done with his Freshman year of college. Not too shabby!
6. Follow up books to Peter Pan. We listened to Peter and the Starcatchers last summer and it was wonderful. Think we'll review that and then listen to the others in this delightful series once our play is done!
7. Best news of the week - my best friend's son is back from Afghanistan! Welcome home Sargent Young!


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Italian for Beginners (Fully Booked)
July 31 @ 8:00 pm - 9:00 pm
|Recurring Event (See all)
An event every week that begins at 8:00pm on Tuesday, repeating until July 31, 2018
- This event has passed.
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Ventnor can sometime resemble the beautiful Italian coast so let's get with the programme and learn the lingo!
Here is a new 5 week course for all ages held weekly at the Ventnor Exchange, offering an introduction to Italian. This is a course suitable for complete beginners so don't worry teacher Garry will be at hand to help you get to grips with the language. The bar will be open for those wishing to practice what they've learnt!
8pm – 9pm
Course Dates: Tuesdays 3rd July, 10th July, 17th July, 24th July and 31st July.
Course Fee: £25.00 up front on first lesson
To book your place please call (01983) 716767 or sign up in-store.


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EyeCGas® is a handheld OGI camera for the detection of fugitive gas emissions for over 30 hydrocarbon and VOC gases, including Methane and Benzene. EyeCGas adheres to the EPA's "Quad Oa" (OOOOa) regulations, and is used globally across the industry for LDAR compliance. Opgal's EyeCGas is specially designed for detecting gas leaks in the harsh conditions of the oil & gas industry. It is the only OGI camera that is certified for ATEX zone 2 and UL class I Div II, hazardous environments. The EyeCGas camera allows for the inspection of vast areas in a plant. It contains an automated and simple user interface, visualizing the infrared image on a large color LCD. It also has applications in the agribusiness industry for Hexane leak detection, and anywhere else that fugitive emissions need to be monitored for regulation, compliance and product containment. With EyeCGas, Opgal helps you detect and repair gas leaks inside the facility limits without the need of a hot work permit, allowing video and audio recording, while maintaining safety.
Refineries, well heads, storage tanks, transmission pipes, compressor stations, process towers, gas stations, LNG terminals, underground storage tanks, bio-gas and landfills, offshore oil rigs, smart LDAR, etc.
Why EyeCGas?
EyeCGas is the fugitive emissions detection product of choice for oil & gas service companies and regulators around the globe. It allows for safe, quick, and cost effective detection of very small hydrocarbon fugitive emissions, and is the only OGI handheld camera for use in ATEX zone 2, UL class I Div II, and CSA hazardous environments. For more information or a quote, contact us today.
|Imaging Performance
|Infrared Gas Leak Detector
|Thermal Sensitivity
|< 12mK@ 25°C
|Field of View
|18° with 30mm lens
|Focus near
|< 0.5m
|Digital Zoom
|2x, 4x
|Digital Video Camera
|Embedded Digital Camera
|VGA, fixed focus, for situational awareness
|Cooled High Sensitivity , 320 x 240 pixels
|Spectral range
|3 – 4µm
|Power Input
|Power consumption
|Battery Life
|4 hours continuous
|Physical Characteristics
|Weight (with battery and lens)
|2.5kg (5.5lbs.)
|Grey and Black
|Size in (LxHxW)
|9″ x 4.3″ x 5.1″ (230mm x 110mm x 130mm)
|Tripod mounting UNC 1/4″, rotation safe
|Display Unit
|3.5" Color LCD 640 x 480
|Environmental Conditions
|Operating temperature range
|-20°C to +50°C
|Storage temperature range
|-40°C to +70°C
|Temperature and Humidity
|IEC 60068-2-30 Temp. +25°C / +40°C Humidity 95% RH
|FCC 47 CFR part 15 subpart B – Radiated Emissions
EN 610000-6-4 : 2007 class A – Radiated Emissions
EN 610000-6-2 : 2005 class A – Immunity to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
EN 610000-6-2 :2005 class A – Radiated Immunity to RFE
EN 610000-6-2: 2005 class A – Radiated Immunity to Power Frequency magnetic field
|2.4 GRMS Random Vibration
|Water and Dust Protection
|IP65 – Blowing Dust test
IP65 – Jetting Water
|HALT – High Accelerated Life Test
|Vibration level: Max temp : +55°C, Min temp : -20°C
|Safety Certifications
|UL1604, Electrical Equipment for Use in Class I and II, Division 2, and Class III (Classified) Locations.
CSA C22.2 No. 213-M1987, Non Incendive Electrical Equipment for Use in Class I, Division 2 Hazardous Locations.
ANSI/ISA-12.12.01 – Non-incendive Electrical Equipment for Use in Class I and II, Division 2, and Class III Hazardous (Classified) Locations
ATEX II 3G Ex nL IIC T6
|Environmental Conditions when Packed in Carrying Case
|Free Fall (Drop) Test
|ASTM-D 4169-06 Schedule A
|Loose cargo vibration Test
|ASTM-D 4169-08 Schedule F Test method D999
|ASTM-D 4169-08 Schedule F Test method D999
|Gas Leak Detection Performance
|Operation features
|Auto Mode and Enhanced Mode
|Includes a spectral filter of 3.2 um to 3.4 um designed for detection of
|Ethylene, 1-Hexane, Propanal, 1,3-Butadiene, 1-Butene, Methane, Propylene 1-pentene, Styrene, Toluene, Acetic acid, Xylene, 1,2-dimethyl-Benzene, Isobutylene , Isoprene, Benzene, Ethyl benzene, Ethylene oxide, Hexane, Methanol, Propylene oxide, Propylene, Ethane, Octane, Heptane, Isopropyl alcohol, MEK Methyl Ethyl Ketone 2-butanone, Propane, Butane, Pentane
|Digital Video and Audio Recording
|Video and Audio recording
|Digital recorder build-in with connection to PC via USB 2.
|Storage Capacity
|Up to 8 hours of MPEG4/H.264 in ENH mode of video and audio recording in a 16 Gbyte SD card (Built In)
|Other Features
|Bluetooth, USB 2
|Supplied Accessories
|Battery Set (3), Tri Battery Charger, USB Cable, Headset, Neck strap, Glare Shield, Carrying Case
*Specifications are subject to change without notice


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> Classification system
> Online help classification
> Payment & Shipping
> How to use Coupon
How to use Coupon
OtcTea / 2016-12-01
Step 1. Find the items you want and Check-out.
Step 2. Fill in your Shipping information, select one Shipping Method. You will see the APPLY COUPON input box just below Order Review. Please enter your Coupon code and click APPLY button. Then you could enjoy the discount. Yeah, it's that easy. Please confirm the expiry date and minimum order value of your coupon before using it.
Any coupon is limited to regular price merchandise, except for the specials.


text: I had the best time assisting Amanda, with Ft Worth based Lightly Photography, for this gorgeous wedding. Lucky for us, Rachel & Noel had included quite a bit of time for romantic photographs of just the two of them. We had a blast running around Ft Worth before the reception at The Reata. Congrats to the newlyweds!


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How to contribute
To follow this tour, click on the links on the right.
East Brighton Park
Photo by Tony Mould
This park is very near my home. I have pictures of me when I was very little playing on the swings and slides. Now I enjoy playing lots of sports. I play with my school hockey team up on the astro-turf, and I practice tennis with my family on the tennis courts near the football pitch.
There is a lot of wildlife in and around the park, including lots of rabbits and different kinds of birds. In the summer we go for walks on the hills, sometimes in the early morning or evening as the park is very close to my home.
We often have picnics in the dog-free area and sometimes even eat our fish and chips there. I really enjoy going to the annual dog show. East Brighton Park is a great place to go sledging in the snow.
There used to be three grass tennis courts and a clay court in this area. There was also an 18 hole putting course, where I spent many happy hours as a kid. All looks a bit run down and seedy. Such a shame!
I remember East Brighton Park as a huge and very well kept park.You had to behave and watch out for the Park Keeper. My family used to come down from London and we would spend hours and days at the park. The Pitch and Put was perfect; not a blade of grass out of place. The tennis courts were perfect - even though I never played. We would go over and watch the cricket; there was always a good crowd there. At bonfire time me and my brothers and friends would go over there at night and split up and throw fire works at each other. Not very health and safety - but nobody got hurt. We used to play rounders in the pitch on the way to the inclosed ground. My Mum wants her Ashes scattered there with my Dad's. The park is not the same now - very run down. It's very sad when it's invaded with caravans. Does anybody remember the Circus that came to the pitches down from the Fire Station? It had real animals -tigers and lions! All the best. Andy.
Hi Andy, yes I remember the circus! What year?
Hi Andy, yes I remember going with mum to the circus. I think it was about 1965. The elephants amazed me.
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At Work > Case Studies > Federal Reserve System
Federal Reserve System
In response to the Section 342 provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, which focuses on minority and women inclusion, RGMA led a number of supplier diversity training events for executives and procurement professionals at the Federal Reserve System. We have also facilitated a number of capacity building events sponsored by the Federal Reserve System for executives of minority- and women-owned businesses in Chicago and Cleveland. Additionally, we convened a M/WBE capacity building session at the Federal Reserve Board of Governors in Washington, D.C. that featured Federal Reserve Board Chairman Ben Bernanke providing the opening remarks.
IMPACT: Great understanding of supplier diversity by key Federal Reserve Bank stakeholders and access to capacity building information by M/WBEs.


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Loving ourselves and loving our lives, this is RADICAL.
Because we are taught to take care of everyone else first and to keep striving for more. Many of us, myself included, internalized messages of not being good enough, falling into the trap of people pleasing and striving for the impossibility of perfection.
How can we truly love our lives and unconditionally accept our partners and our children when we do not fully love ourselves?
As Shefali Tsabary shared last year in her Soul Session interview with Oprah, "love without consciousness becomes need, dependency and control." She goes on to say " this entire life is designed for us to enter presence and surrender to the grace of this moment."
This has been the greatest gift my children and clients have offered me. In my quest to be a better parent and counsellor and protect my peace and my sanity, I've become a more loving person towards myself. Out of necessity to combat vicarious trauma and the overwhelm of motherhood, I had to start taking care of myself first. I had to get quiet and enter into presence. I learned to actively seek out the goodness in my experiences, in others and in this world and in doing so I'm reaping the benefits of not only surrendering but appreciating the grace of each imperfect moment.
Self-care, dear souls is not selfish. It is even more than simply self-preserving. It is essential, I believe if we want a world where people lead with love instead of fear and accept and respect themselves and others. Nurturing our own spirits is paramount to protecting the spirits of our children and the collective spirit of our global community. When children feel secure enough because of unconditional love and acceptance they have the confidence and courage as they grow to empower others rather than use power over. As best selling author and researcher, Brene Brown says, our our children can only go as far as we've gone and I've heard the same thing said about healers and coaches when it comes to our clients. So you see, everyone around us benefits when we take the time to do loving things for ourselves.
Deepening into daily mind/body/spirit self-care practices for the past 4 years and doing the important work to heal old wounds is what inspired the creation of my Facebook page last year and this poem. It is part prayer/part affirmation and part a reflection of how I strive to live my life and invite you to live yours. More and more I am looking at myself and the people and experiences in my life through eyes of love; not needy or insecure love but genuine, unconditional love. This, I believe is the path to world peace.
I know how fear and shame and scarcity are lurking in the background. I know how easily our threat response can be triggered. We must be diligent to infuse ourselves with love so we don't dilute our message, distract or silence ourselves or react with criticism or contempt whether its towards loved ones or those we encounter in our local or online communities.
As you read this poem, I invite you to substitute the specifics of your own life. Breathe into the feeling of love washing away any shame or insecurities or scarcity you may be holding onto. Let yourself feel lighter, freer , more abundant and open to the beautiful possibilities that exist from this place of peace! Stand, tall and proud in your enoughness and the beauty of this world. Then call on your courage to bring your authentic, loving self to whoever and whatever you encounter. I promise you the world will be better for it.
Love permeates through every cell of my body. Love radiates in every word I speak, every action I take and every life I touch.
I only have to look no further than the mirror to see love staring back at me, amidst the wrinkles and the imperfect body, I see love in the precious gift of life.
I only have to look no further than across the table to see the faces of the two people I love more than life itself. Staring back at me, through eyes of love I see so much potential and beauty. My heart overflows with love, even in the hard, painful, depleting moments. Because in the end I know when I let love lead, only goodness can come back to me.
I only have to look no further than across the bed to see the love of my life staring back at me. Despite the struggles and times of disconnection or disagreement, I know love always wins and indeed grows stronger as we grow alongside one another.
I only have to step outside to see the face of love in each natural work of art. My eyes see sparkles of the divine and I am swept up in waves of humility and adoration. The truth that the majesty and miracles that exist out there are also found within fills my heart with love for the Creator.
I only have to look into the weary faces of the clients I sit across from – brave, yet feeling broken, to feel a profound sense of love. Love for who they are now- survivors, strong and beautiful; what they've been through and how they've endured, wraps us up in a warm blanket. Love guides my words and shines a light on their strengths and the beauty, they cannot yet see.
I only have to look out into the community to see the faces of my neighbours, my fellow brothers and sisters to be reminded that we are all bound by love and despite the fear and the differences that divide us, we are all one.
I only have to look at the big and small miracles that grace our daily presence to know I am loved and I am love.
Nicole Schiener Manary, Originally posted the poem "Looking at Love" on Peace and Possibility, Facebook, Aug 9, 2017.
Nicole is passionate about inspiring and empowering others to lead authentic, joyful lives. She weaves 15 years clinical experience with special training in mindful self-compassion, transition to parenthood for couples and trauma therapies along with daily wisdom gleamed from parenting consciously two spirited people. She has contributed to two soon to be released books and is working on a series of mindfulness books for children.
Find more poetry, reflective questions and inspiration on Facebook Peace and Possibility


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Check out our Oral History Blog, Listen To This!
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Lemberg, Eckart – OH1747
Interview Date: 2011
Born in Germany in 1928, Eckart Lemberg fled with his family to Australia, after his father was incarcerated in and later released from a concentration camp in 1938. In Australia he studied aeronautical engineering and embarked on a career in … Continue reading
Lemons, Clara – OH1435
Interview Date: 2006
Supplemental material available in the OH file includes information about the Lemons Air Strip and an obituary for Clara Lemons. Being named the International Flying Farmer Queen. Colorado Flying Farmers. Family farm in Boulder at Baseline and 55th. First female … Continue reading
Lemp, John Jr. – OH1405
Interview Date: 2006
Places: Boulder Topics: Carolyn Heights subdivision, Unitarian Universalist Fellowship, Unitarian Universalist Church of Boulder, elections, being an election judge, Boulder Senior Center, Meals on Wheels program.
Lemp, Susan R. – OH1404
Interview Date: 2005
People: Helen Noyes Webster Places: Boulder Topics: teaching German at Angevine Middle School, gardening in Boulder, her children (4 sons), work as an ESL traveling tutor, Unitarian Universalist Fellowship. Includes 2 videographed photographs of Helen Noyes Webster. … Continue reading
Lennartz, Honey Bee – OH0885
Interview Date: 1997
Lennartz homestead at 655 Arapahoe (on the National Historic Register) Schools attended: parochial, Highland, Mount St. Gertrude Academy Writers' Conference at University of Colorado Founding Lennartz Musical Preschool Russian Language School for U.S. Navy at University of Colorado Alexander Karansky … Continue reading
Lennartz, Paul C. – OH0847
Interview Date: 1996
People: Paul C. Lennartz, Joe Bergheim, Billy Mitchell, George Newton, Ira Rothgerber. Places: Boulder, Nederland. Subjects: State Preparatory School, teachers, curriculum, social life, Curren Theater, stone quarry on Enchanted Mesa, farming, politics, Great Depression, Prohibition, making … Continue reading
Leonard Davies – OH0146
Interview Date: 1977
Places: Hygiene Topics: Farm life near Hygiene.
Leonard, Alice – OH0330
Interview Date: 1986
People: Alice Leonard. Places: Boulder. Subjects: Farming; school; 1913 snow storm; church; clubs; Mesa Vista Sanitarium; quilts; Great Depression; mining; the Hill; World War II; war mothers; early Boulder; transportation; holidays; influenza epidemic; butchering; immigrants; sugar beets; old … Continue reading
Leonard, Carrie – OH1930
Interview Date: March 2, 2014
Carrie Leonard talks about the experience of being homeless. She describes her arrival in Boulder from Longmont, circa 2002, along with her two children. She describes how a typical day starts at the shelter, positive activities that occupy her time, … Continue reading