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For a century after emancipation, historians of U.S. slavery relied almost exclusively on sources written by white people. These plentiful materials ranged from slaveholders' diaries to European travelers' accounts, and scholars deployed them all in their fierce debates over slaves' living conditions, productivity, and psychology. They reached radically different conclusions, comparing plantations to everything from schools to concentration camps. But something was missing. Without listening to the words of enslaved people, historians could not study slavery from their point of view. For all their disputes, early scholars focused on what masters did to or for their slaves. They paid scant attention to what slaves thought, felt, and did themselves. By examining slave-produced sources, scholars in the 1970s permanently transformed the study of American slavery. They asked new questions, adopted new research methods, advanced new arguments, and unleashed new debates. Few primary sources did more to stimulate this innovation than the ex-slave interviews conducted by the Works Progress Administration, a New Deal agency, in the 1930s. Commonly called the "WPA Slave Narratives," this collection of more than 2000 transcripts changed how historians understand antebellum slavery. But they also have much more to teach us about the Civil War and its aftermath.
Ex-Slave John Cole of Athens Georgia.
Photo Courtesy of: Slave Narratives for the Federal Writers' Project- Library of Congress
For a century after emancipation, historians of U.S. slavery relied almost exclusively on sources written by white people. These plentiful materials ranged from slaveholders' diaries to European travelers' accounts, and scholars deployed them all in their fierce debates over slaves' living conditions, productivity, and psychology. They reached radically different conclusions, comparing plantations to everything from schools to concentration camps. But something was missing. Without listening to the words of enslaved people, historians could not study slavery from their point of view. For all their disputes, early scholars focused on what masters did to or for their slaves. They paid scant attention to what slaves thought, felt, and did themselves.
By examining slave-produced sources, scholars in the 1970s permanently transformed the study of American slavery. They asked new questions, adopted new research methods, advanced new arguments, and unleashed new debates. Few primary sources did more to stimulate this innovation than the ex-slave interviews conducted by the Works Progress Administration, a New Deal agency, in the 1930s. Commonly called the "WPA Slave Narratives," this collection of more than 2000 transcripts changed how historians understand antebellum slavery. But scholars have not fully explored what they can teach us about later eras. Civil War historians—who stand to profit from this rich resource as much as anyone—would do well to make judicious use of these complex, sometimes frustrating, and always fascinating, narratives.
The term "slave narrative" can refer to several different types of sources, including autobiographies written by former slaves soon after gaining freedom. This genre dates back to the 18th century chronicles of Olaudah Equiano, Ukawsaw Gronniosaw, and others, written to support the British movement to abolish the Atlantic slave trade.[1] In the U.S., these writings proliferated by the 1830s, as debates over slavery convulsed American politics. Readers seeking a rebuttal of proslavery propaganda found it in the testimony of ex-slaves who had escaped to the North or Canada. They ranged from the brief statements compiled and published by white abolitionists like Theodore Dwight Weld, to full-length autobiographies, including those of Frederick Douglass and Solomon Northup, which are still widely read.[2] These documents are doubly important as records of slaves' experiences, and as political texts which shaped northern public opinion. Former slaves continued to publish memoirs after 1865, but popular interest faded. By the early 20th century, slave narratives attracted little attention and most historians rejected them as biased and unreliable. The fact that they readily used sources written by slaveholders—and largely accepted masters' benign portrayal of slavery— suggests that it was not staunch objectivity that steered them away from the narratives.
Studies of African-American history and culture flourished in the 1920s, however, and out of this renaissance the WPA narratives were born. In 1929, black scholars Charles Spurgeon Johnson (Fisk University) and John Brother Cade (Southern University) began to collect folklore and life histories from some of the thousands of living former slaves. These efforts yielded some publications,[3] but were limited in scope. In 1934, Johnson's former student, Lawrence Dunbar Reddick of Kentucky State College, conceived of a larger oral history project supported by a federal work-relief program. The idea soon bore fruit when the Federal Writers' Project, an initiative for writers and intellectuals sponsored by the Works Progress Administration, began to interview ex-slaves. Under the direction of folklorist John Avery Lomax, the WPA collaborated with local offices in seventeen states to dispatch interviewers, gather testimony from aged freed-people, type and edit the transcripts, and forward them to Washington. Most of the field work was completed in 1937 and 1938. By 1941, a collection of more than 2,000 interviews totaling over 10,000 pages had been indexed and deposited at the Library of Congress.[4]
The collection remained underutilized for a generation. A few historians drew on the WPA narratives, but the most influential books on U.S. slavery published in the 1950s and 1960s did not. The narratives' publication in 1972 made them more readily available.[5] Around the same time, historians rediscovered the narratives just as they began to reinterpret slavery from the viewpoint of the enslaved. Eugene Dominic Genovese, Herbert G. Gutman, Leon F. Litwack, and Paul D. Escott, among others, used the narratives to challenge earlier interpretations of slavery.[6] No longer did slaves seem passive— either as beneficiaries of master's care or victims of his cruelty. Instead, they actively shaped their own lives within the boundaries of an inherently oppressive system. The new studies stressed the autonomy of slaves' communities, the resilience of their families, the vitality of their culture, and the shrewdness of their resistance. In sum, the interviews provided a fresh perspective which scholars writing in the wake of the Civil Rights Movement were ready to adopt. By 1984, an enthusiastic essayist persuasively argued that the narratives made this paradigm shift possible.[7]
The narratives also sparked intense controversy. Since the 1970s, scholars have debated their usefulness and reliability, and critics' objections must be taken seriously. John Wesley Blassingame outlined the most common concerns when he explained his decision not to use the narratives in his own scholarship.[8] He pointed out the obvious problems of age and memory, questioning the accuracy of testimony from persons in their 80s and 90s about their youth. He noted that because most of the interviewees were emancipated as children or teenagers, they may have escaped slavery's worst abuses. He wondered if interviewees' longevity made them unrepresentative, positing that uniquely good treatment in childhood may have helped them reach old age. He critiqued the narratives' geographic distribution, which did not match the 1860 slave population, leaving states like Arkansas overrepresented and others, like Mississippi, underrepresented. He balked at the context in which the interviews were conducted; most interviewers were white and Jim Crow was alive and well in the 1930s. How candidly would elderly, often impoverished black southerners converse with white interviewers who, in some cases, were descended from their former masters? Would ex-slaves speak freely during a decade in which over 70 blacks were lynched? How would they handle leading questions which solicited answers that emphasized the kindness of a plantation mistress or the comfort of the slave quarters? Perhaps his most disturbing criticism involved the fidelity of the transcripts. The narratives were not verbatim reports. Interviewers and editors at the state and national offices had ample opportunity to rewrite the accounts, translating many them into caricatured "black" dialect, and sometimes revising, adding, or erasing material. In one case, Georgia interviewer J. Ralph Jones deleted 1,700 words from an interview with Washington B. Allen, including passages that discussed slave auctions and clashes with the infamous slave patrols. Predictably, Jones retained references to kind treatment but eliminated Allen's discussions of overwork and whippings. Blassingame concluded that the narratives revealed more about Jim Crow than slaves' experiences. He urged historians to use the 19th-century slave autobiographies instead. These sources, written soon after liberation and without proslavery revision, were more trustworthy. Other appraisals of the autobiographies and the WPA narratives have reached similar conclusions,[9] and later critics offered similar objections to the narratives.[10]
Proponents of the narratives have acknowledged these limitations while arguing that all primary sources contain bias and distortion; that the WPA interviews have advantages over other slave-produced sources; and that, if used properly, they provide substantial insight into the lives, thoughts, and feelings of antebellum slaves. Leading southern historian C. Vann Woodward endorsed the narratives and challenged scholars to evaluate primary sources impartially. They must not dismiss the narratives "unless they are prepared to be consistent and discard most of the other sources they habitually use," including newspapers, diaries, letters, speeches, and public documents. "Full of paradox and evasions, contrasts and contradictions, lies and exaggerations, pure truth and complex fabrications as they are," Woodward concluded, "such sources still remain the daily bread on which historians feed."[11] Civil War historians who regularly untangle the webs of nostalgia, self-aggrandizement, and error that bedevil regimental histories, memoirs, and Battles and Leaders of the Civil War articles, are familiar with these difficulties. Woodward's reminder that we must be cautious with every source is a sensible one.
Some defenders of the WPA narratives have stressed their advantages over other first-hand accounts, including the 19th-century autobiographies. These published sources are highly stylized and some were clearly influenced by white abolitionists who shaped them to suit the tastes, values, and prejudices of northern readers. They lack the demographic breadth of the WPA narratives because most were written by runaway slaves—and thus by authors who fit the profile of the person most likely to run away: young, male, skilled craftsmen from the border states.[12] In contrast, the WPA narratives were neither fine-tuned for political effect nor written by exceptional authors. According to their advocates, they are "a monument to the former slaves, whose collective testimony surpasses in vividness and freshness many other efforts to reconstruct ante-bellum life."[13] All but the narratives' harshest critics agree that, if used with care and in conjunction with other sources, they are indispensable for writing the history of antebellum slavery. Scholars have warned each other for more than forty years to approach the narratives with healthy skepticism, but there is a near-consensus that "the hazards of attempting to understand slavery without using them far outweigh the limitations their use poses."[14]
This may understate the WPA narratives' value in terms of chronological scope. Most of the debate over the narratives centers on their use for studying antebellum slavery. This is unsurprising. The narratives were collected to shed light on the lives and cultures of enslaved people and the interviewees were chosen for their personal experiences in bondage. But the narratives actually tell us much more because many interviewees traced their life histories through the Civil War and Reconstruction and beyond, sometimes up to the date of the interview. As a result, the narratives contain a wealth of information on topics from the 1850s to the 1930s, a turbulent period that saw slavery's collapse, Reconstruction's downfall, the rise of Jim Crow, the Great Migration, and the Depression. They also represent an underutilized resource for Civil War historians, particularly those interested in the Confederate home front and relations between Federal soldiers and southern civilians.
This broader potential has only been partially realized, but the results are promising. Stephanie J. Shaw's ingenious essay on how elderly black southerners survived the Great Depression was among the first to use the narratives to study the period in which they were transcribed.[15] Paul Escott devoted nearly a third of his book on the narratives to the wartime, Reconstruction, and post-Redemption periods, charting the way for more specialized investigations.[16] Historians of emancipation have done the most to bring the analysis of the narratives past 1861. Leon Litwack, for example, used them extensively in his pioneering study of war, emancipation, and the onset of Reconstruction as he explored how the interdependence of white and black southerners set limits on the liberty enjoyed by freedpeople.[17] More recently, David Silkenat and John Barr used the narratives to examine how former slaves remembered Abraham Lincoln. They combined quantitative analysis with close reading to show that ex-slaves had surprisingly varied recollections of Honest Abe. These ranged from extremes of praise and censure, to (possibly feigned) apathy, and a curious number of claims that Lincoln visited their plantations, undercover, before the war.[18] This inventive essay suggests that there are always new things to say about the narratives.
If we focus on the 1861-1865 period, even a quick survey reveals that Civil War historians can use the WPA narratives to revisit a variety of familiar topics, and to ask new questions about how Americans dealt with the war.
The narratives remind us that there was not one universal "slave" experience of the conflict. Just as we expect great diversity among white northerners and white southerners, so, too, did slaves endure and respond to varied wartime conditions in different ways. Some who lived in the perilous border region coped with unpredictable raids and occupations. Phillip Johnson, born into slavery near Poolesville, Maryland, remembered watching house-to-house fighting during a Confederate incursion across the Potomac and saw a Confederate soldier killed in front of him. Another raid trapped him in the Methodist church. Confederates surrounded the building while they commandeered the horses and wagons outside. When one of the guards was distracted, Johnson fled.[19]
The war arrived on Johnson's doorstep without warning, but he remained in place. For many other slaves, the war involved significant and often involuntary migration. The narratives reflect the frequency with which masters refugeed (transferred away from occupied or invaded territory) slaves in order to distance them from potential Union liberators. For those in the southwest, a common destination was Texas. William Mathews explained that the more they came into fleeting contact with Yankees, the more the slaves on his Louisiana plantation anticipated emancipation. "All de talk 'bout freedom git so bad on de plantation," he recalled, "de massa make me put de men in a big wagon an drive 'em to Winfield. He say in Texas dere never be no freedom." The men refused to continue the journey and returned home, so their master threatened to shoot them. Rather than submit to forced relocation or execution, Mathews' peers "hang round de woods and dodge round and round till de freedom man come by" at the end of the war.[20] This was a fairly common tactic: remain beyond the reach of masters, but not away from faithful friends, until the war—and the danger of removal—had passed. Wesley Graves's father ran away early in the war because his master wanted to take the elder Graves into the army as a body servant. The slave stayed "in the woods" until the war ended. His master's wife contacted him through a letter, probably transmitted by another slave who knew his hiding place, and promised to free him if he returned home. Graves remained concealed until 1865; as his son told the WPA interviewer, "He wouldn't take no chances on it."[21]
Not all slaves could avoid relocation. Some accompanied their masters to the front lines: Amos Gadsden of Charleston, South Carolina, went to Virginia with Dr. H.E. Bissell, a Confederate surgeon. Gadsden assisted with amputations, holding arms and legs while Bissell performed the war's most notorious medical procedure.[22] Others, like William Sykes of North Carolina, spent much of the war in the mountains, where masters judged they would be less likely to encounter Federals. Sykes's master "come stompin' in one day" and complained of the "'damn Yankees…comin' ter take my niggers 'way from me, an' I ain't gwine ter stan' fer hit nother,'" so he marched them to the Blue Ridge mountains, where "'dar won't be no trouble'" with maurading northerners.[23] Before the war, forced migration was a fact of life for slaves who were separated from familiar places and people by sale or masters' relocation. But the war put even more people on the move, with slaveholders trying to stay a step ahead of Union incursions.
Other slaves remained relatively untouched by the war. Tom Wilcox lived in Warren County, North Carolina, in the north-central portion of the state. Unlike those who remembered battles, flight to Union lines, or enforced movement, Wilcox recalled little about the conflict. "Dar wuzn't nary a Yankee track made in our section, an' we ain't knowed much about de war." He continued to work in the fields with fifty or sixty other slaves. Yet perhaps he hoped to avoid offending his interviewer, for it came out that Wilcox well understood the political stakes of the war. When asked about the rival presidents, he responded politely but firmly: "No mam, we ain't liked Jeff Davis, but we did like Mr. Lincoln," and recalled a song he sang to celebrate the Union victory:
Ole Confederate has done played out,
Shrew ball, shrew ball,
Ole Confederate has done played out
Shrew ball say I,
An' ole Gen'l. Lee can't fight no mo';
We'll all drink stone blind
Johnnnies go marchin' home.[24]
Dilly Yelladay's parents might have sung a similar tune, for she recalled their intense interest in the conflict and their disdain for Jefferson Davis. "Mammy an' dad dey said de niggers would get in de slave quarters at night an' pray fer freedom an' laf 'bout what de Yankees was doin' 'bout Lincoln an' Grant foolin' deir marsters so." When they heard the widespread, though erroneous, rumor that Davis was captured while disguised in women's clothing, they relished (perhaps more than any Yankee could) how far the mighty had fallen. "Ole Jeff Davis said he wus goin' to fight de Yankees till hell wus so full of 'em dad dere legs wus hangin' over de sides," Yelladay mused, "but when dey got 'im in a close place he dres in 'omans clothes an' tried to get away frum 'em but dey seed his boots….an' knowed who it wus. Dey jus laffed an' pointed at 'im an' said you hol' on dere we got you….Dat bird flew mighty high but he had to come back to de groun' an' course when he lit de Yankees wus waitin' for 'im an' ketched 'im."[25]
Slaves' most momentous wartime movement was flight to Union lines. Some fled alone. Bill Simms of Osceola, Missouri, was sent by his master to do manual labor for the Confederate army but later returned home. He remained on the lookout for opportunities to flee, and when the Yankees "came close enough I ran away from home and joined the Union army" where he worked as a teamster.[26] Other slaves recalled absconding en masse, particularly those who lived in areas with large black populations, including coastal South Carolina and the Mississippi Delta. Rastus Jones of Mississippi remembered running off "with a crowd o' Niggers" to join the Union army at Memphis. He served as a cook in the Vicksburg and Atlanta campaigns.[27]
Whether they acted alone or in groups, fugitive slaves took serious risks when they set out for Union-held territory. An ex-slave by the auspicious name of William Sherman recalled hearing cannon fire as the army under the general who shared his name neared his South Carolina home in 1865. "The only happy folk were the slaves," Sherman remarked, "the whites were in distress." When his master, Jack Davis, returned from the front lines, Davis's wife asked if he thought the Yankees would win. "'No,'" Davis reportedly replied, "'if I did I'd kill every damned nigger in the place.'" Not willing to wait and see if Davis would carry out his threat, a pair of Sherman's fellow slaves snuck off that night. They traveled from plantation to plantation, reporting that the Yankees were nearby and urging all the slaves to join up with them. "Soon the two had a following of about five hundred slaves who abandoned their masters' plantations" to reach the Union lines. Along the way they evaded Confederate pickets posted to block their escape. Eventually, most stayed with General Sherman's column as it moved northward through the Palmetto State. But even though they accompanied a powerful army, freedpeople still faced Confederate retaliation. Sherman recalled that some were killed by Confederate snipers, who decapitated them and placed their heads "upon posts that lined the fields so that they could be seen by other slaves to warn them of what would befall them if they attempted to escape."[28] Wartime freedom was tenuous— life and liberty had to be guarded.
Most slaves did not become free until the war ended. Their accounts often lack the drama of Sherman's, but they reveal how important slave labor was to the Confederate war effort. Some of these wartime activities were probably not recorded elsewhere. Ellen Claibourn was a teenager in Columbia County, Georgia, where her mistress opened a small hospital in her home. The sight of the men "stragglin' in, all sick or shot," deeply affected the girl, who remembered it seventy years later. Her mistress assigned another slave to tend the soldiers and Claibourn often held a candle for him as they nursed the men at night. This close contact with the grisly aftermath of battle deeply affected Claibourn, who later exclaimed: "Oh my Gawd, I saw plenty wounded soldiers….That Confed'rate war was the terriblest, awfullest thing."[29] Others, like Bill Simms of Missouri, traveled with Confederate soldiers working as teamsters; Simms remembered laboring for three years, "hauling canons, driving mules, hauling ammunition, and provisions" before he escaped to Union lines.[30]
Not surprisingly, many slaves echoed the prayers offered by Dilly Helladay's parents for a Union victory. But their face-to-face interactions with Federals varied widely and the full range of encounters appear in the narratives. Mary Anderson of North Carolina recounted watching Yankees encamp on her master's plantation. The cavalrymen dismounted, the infantrymen stacked arms and built campfires, and they "called [to] the slaves, saying, 'Your [sic] are free.'" The mood was festive. "Slaves were whooping and laughing and acting like they were crazy. Yankee soldiers were shaking hands with the Negroes and calling them Sam, Dinah, Sarah and asking them questions. They busted the door to the smoke house and got all the hams….The Negroes and Yankees were cooking and eating together. The Yankees told them to come on and join them, they were free….The slaves were awfully excited. The Yankees stayed there, cooked, eat, drank and played music until about night," when a bugle summoned them into line and they departed.[31] This was a best-case scenario. Other slaves remembered Federals as indiscriminate pillagers. "When the 'Old War' come on," recalled Irene Robertson of Arkansas, "and the Yankees come they took everything….They would drive up at mealtime and come in and rake up every blessed thing was cooked." After they left, Robertson and her mother had to "scrape about and find something else to eat. What they keer 'bout you being white or black? Thing they was after was filling theirselves up."[32]
More consistent were slaveholders' concerns that Yankees' presence would upset the hierarchy of slavery. Their fears were rational; when a potent outside force arrived at a plantation, masters' authority weakened, sometimes leaving them at the mercy of their slaves. This was especially true when Federal soldiers asked how slaves had been treated and calibrated their theft and destruction to punish cruel masters. Born in 1850, Riviana Boynton was old enough to understand this when Federals arrived at her South Carolina home in 1865. Just before they reached the house, Boynton's mistress ordered the slaves, in rather a pleading fashion: "'Now you beg for us! You can save our lives. If they ask you if we are good to you, you tell them "YES!" If they ask you, if we give you meat, you tell them "Yes!"'" Boynton, a house servant, did receive meat rations, though the other slaves did not. For some reason, they all lied and interceded on behalf of their mistress and her belongings—including the household's provisions, which had to feed the black residents as well as the whites. Boynton's fellow slaves were not blindly loyal, however, for several of them soon joined the Union army.[33]
The war's full revolutionary potential was realized every time a slave gained freedom. Popular commemoration of emancipation focuses closely on Abraham Lincoln, and he certainly received considerable praise from WPA interviewees. Rachel Adams summed it up neatly when she opined: "'Cordin' to my way of thinkin', Abraham Lincoln done a good thing when he sot us free."[34] Many slaves recalled the exact day of the Emancipation Proclamation, and some dated their freedom to January 1, 1863, even if they remained in bondage until war's end.[35] But when asked to recall the actual process of emancipation, most interviewees related one of two distinct experiences. One group, who tended to live in areas occupied by Federal troops prior to 1865, remembered being freed by Union soldiers. Jefferson Frankin Henry, for instance, lived in northern Georgia and recalled: "[T]he Yankees come through and had the slaves come together in town whar they had a speakin' and told them Negroes they was free, and that they didn't belong to nobody no more."[36] Freedom arrived in the form of the Union military. The second group of slaves, who typically remained enslaved until the war ended, became free in memorable rituals presided over by their masters. Irene Robertson related a typical scene. Her master went to town and learned that he must set his slaves free. "He had the farm bell rung," Robertson recalled, and all the slaves "went up to his house. "He said, 'You are free. Go. If you can't get along come back and do like you been.'"[37] He outlined a fateful choice that confronted most freedpeople: work for the same boss under a new arrangement, or strike out for better fortunes elsewhere. The complex economic and social Reconstruction of the South had begun.
The more that Civil War historians explore the WPA narratives, the more insight they will gain into old questions. The venerable debate about whether the Union army practiced "total war," for example, is important. Sometimes lost in the discussion is the fact that Confederate forces confiscated or destroyed huge amounts of southern property, to replenish their provisions and deny sustenance to the Federals. Former slaves who lived in Georgia and the Carolinas regularly commented on this, often arguing that Confederate General Joseph Wheeler's cavalrymen burned and stole as much as General Sherman's men did.[38] How do we classify Wheeler's scorched-earth policy? How did it influence relations between Federal soldiers and southern civilians? How did it shape how southerners, white and black, viewed the Confederacy?
The narratives may also inspire Civil War historians to ask new questions. How did slaves cope with the material deprivation of the war years, and how did this affect their expectations for, and experiences of, freedom? Rebecca Hooks's account of making coffee out of okra seeds, extracting salt from smokehouse floors, and scrounging for other scarce commodities, reminds us that enslaved as well as free civilians relied on their ingenuity to survive.[39] Did this temper relations between masters and slaves? Or did it give enslaved people a greater sense of autonomy? How did it shape their postwar aspirations and opportunities?
Historians will have to use the narratives along with other sources to explore such questions, old and new. But if we bear in mind that two in five Confederate residents were enslaved, then it is clear that these documents are imperfect but indispensable sources for understanding how southerners experienced the Civil War
Escott, Paul D. Slavery Remembered: A Record of Twentieth-Century Slave Narratives. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979.
Berlin, Ira, et al, eds. Freedom: A Documentary History of Emancipation, 1861-1867, vol. 1, series 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Berlin, Ira, et al. Slaves No More: Three Essays on Emancipation and the Civil War. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Blassingame, John W. "Using the Testimony of Ex-Slaves: Approaches and Problems," Journal of Southern History 41, no. 4 (November 1975): 473-92.
———. The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South. New York, Oxford University Press, 1979.
Genovese, Eugene D. Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made. New York: Pantheon Books, 1974.
Hampton, Ellen. "'Lawdy! I was sho' happy when I was a slave!': Manipulative Editing in the WPA Former-Slave Narratives from Mississippi," L'Ordinaire des Amériques 215 (2013).
Litwack, Leon F. Been in the Storm so Long: The Aftermath of Slavery. New York: Knopf, 1979.
Musher, Sharon Ann. "Contesting 'The Way the Almighty Wants It': Crafting Memories of Ex-Slaves in the Slave Narrative Collection," American Quarterly 53, no. 1 (March 2001): 1-31.
Rawick, George P., ed. The American Slave: A Composite Biography, 41 vols. Westport, CT: Greenwood Pub. Co., 1972-1979.
Rawick, George P. From Sundown to Sunup: The Making of the Black Community. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1972.
Shaw, Stephanie J. "Using the WPA Ex-Slave Narratives to Study the Impact of the Great Depression," Journal of Southern History 69, no. 3 (August 2003): 623-58.
Silkenat, David and John Barr. "'Serving the Lord and Abe Lincoln's Spirit': Lincoln and Memory in the WPA Narratives," Lincoln Herald 115, no. 2 (Summer 2013): 75-97.
Soapes, Thomas F. "The Federal Writers' Project Slave Interviews: Useful Data or Misleading Source," Oral History Review 5 (1977): 33-38.
Spindel, Donna J. "Assessing Memory: Twentieth-Century Slave Narratives Reconsidered," Journal of Interdisciplinary History 27, no. 2 (Autumn 1996): 247-61.
Starling, Marion Wilson. The Slave Narrative: Its Place in American History. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1988.
Ward, Andrew. The Slaves' War: The Civil War in the Words of Former Slaves. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2008.
Yetman, Norman, ed. "The Background of the Slave Narrative Collection," American Quarterly 19, no. 3 (Autumn 1967): 534-53.
———. Norman R. Yetman, "Ex-Slave Interviews and the Historography of Slavery," American Quarterly 36, no. 2 (Summer 1984): 181-210, esp. p. 190.
———. When I Was a Slave: Memoirs from the Slave Narrative Collection. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2002.
No organizations listed.
Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938 contains more than 2,300 first-person accounts of slavery and 500 black-and-white photographs of former slaves. These narratives were collected in the 1930s as part of the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and assembled and microfilmed in 1941 as the seventeen-volume Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves.
The "Freedmen and Southern Society Project" was established to identify, collect, and publish thousands of documents related to the history of emancipation in the Civil War era. This website includes information about the project and its growing list of published materials.
"Slave Narratives: Black Autobiography in Nineteenth-Century America" provides a lesson plan for using selections from the WPA narratives in the high school classroom.
"Slave Narratives: Constructing U.S. History Through Analyzing Primary Sources" offers another lesson plan – suitable for grade school students – developed by the National Endowment for the Humanities.
Kansas Historical Society Slave Narrative of William "Bill" Simms.
No other sources listed.


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Taste of the Teams is a cooking blog that was originally launched in December of 2014. The focus here is to find those regionally unique dishes and snacks that either originate from, or are unique to, specific cities and towns who host sporting events.
Our favorite time of the year is most certainly the professional football season in the United States, but you will see times that we post recipes for other significant sporting events throughout the world.
All recipes are researched and practiced thoroughly until we are happy with the results, and we aim to keep our recipes fairly easy to duplicate even for the novice chefs who stumble into our world.
Thanks for stopping by and we hope you enjoy our collection as much as we enjoy showcasing the deliciously unique dishes from around the globe.

subset: commoncrawl


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Cast: Casey Affleck, Michelle Williams, Kyle Chandler, Lucas Hedges, Gretchen Mol, C.J. Wilson
Director: Kenneth Lonergan
Writer: Kenneth Lonergan
Cinematographer: Jody Lee Lipes
Editor: Jennifer Lame
Composer: Lesley Barber


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Trends in the UK are forever changing so we want to make sure you're all up to date on what's happening this year. Food and drink go hand in hand so that's why quite a few of these trends are food based.
"Cauliflower is the New Kale" so for all you trendy vegans looking to impress your friends at your next dinner party, our London Wine Development Specialists have come up with wines to match some cauli- dishes.
Cauliflower soup with chive oil and rye bread- this recipe requires a fresh, dry but mineral white wine such as a chardonnay or if there's some spice in the soup then perhaps a Chenin Blanc. The best match we recommend is the Kleine Zalze Unwooded Chardonnay (31445) from the western cape of South Africa. It has all the crisp freshness required to pair with this dish but with a touch of ripe fruit to cope with any spice or pepper if desired. It is great value for money as well from our MC New World range at a list price of just £6.79.
Grilled Cauliflower steaks and spring onions- Cauliflower steaks are cut through the core of the head, from the base to the top, to give a tree-shaped 'steak', which is then grilled until slightly charred and then combined with spring onions as the primary flavours. To cope with the extra power of the charring as well as the flavour from the Cauliflower and the onions, we need an oaked white wine, preferably from the 'Old World', so that we have plenty of acidity for freshness. An oak-aged white Rioja would work well but the best bet is a Rhone white, based around Roussanne and Marsanne, with classic Rhone white varietals which cope well with oak-ageing, retain a lot of their aromatic and citrus characters- we highly recommend Jean-Luc Colombo's stunning Crozes-Hermitage Blanc 'Les Gravieres' (24475) at £14.03 List price.
Vegan Alfredo with asparagus and peas- The cauliflower is blitzed up and mixed with almond milk to form the base of the creamy pasta sauce and the main taste profile along with the asparagus and peas. A very light and fresh dish requiring a wine similar in taste profile; Northern Italian whites from Piedmont or the Veneto would have the freshness required, so think along the lines of Pinot Grigio or Soave. Both would be equally good, but I've selected the Gavi from Enrico Serafino in Piedmont (25837), the Cortese grape is king here and offers the freshness to pair with the asparagus and peas but has a little time on its lees, to allow it to work with the light creaminess of the sauce. In addition to being a great match and very fashionable, it is also suitable for vegans, so continuing the theme of the recipe (£9.32 List price).
The rise is going to continue. The impressive versatility of the coconut has certainly impacted the popularity of the hairy fruit. Growing from just a tropical water and an alternative to standard cooking oils, the versatility of coconuts is now coming into full display with different parts of the palm being used for many different products. Examples of these products that are now being produced are coconut jam, syrup, sugar, savoury sauce (a soy sauce alternative), flour, butter, vinegar and many beauty products. So this year we are going crazy for coconut flour. It's a great gluten-free option, more easily digestible than regular white flour, and high in both protein and fibre.
In black burger buns, modern ice creams, inky cocktails and thick, oily black dressings, charcoal is having a moment. Black food is always good for a dramatic social media photo and the alleged health benefits when charcoal is activated include detoxification, teeth-whitening, and hangover-curing. Activated Charcoal is the by-product of burning coconut shells, wood, or other plant materials. If that sounds dangerous to eat, don't worry because charcoal made from coconut is harmless and is different than consuming food that has been charred or burnt.
Zero waste
Minimising food waste is something we're 100% behind on, and now thanks to restaurants like Silo in Brighton, the war on waste has begun. Add to this companies like Rubies in the Rubble, who make jam from rejected fruit and Toast Ale who make beer from leftover bread. A trend is emerging for 'closed-loop' cocktails made with ingredients people throw away. Get involved in the zero- waste and sustainable trends by following the footsteps of Duck & Waffle in the Heron Tower- Liquid alchemist Rich Woods, released a daring cocktail menu last summer featuring banana skins, tomato stalks, avocado stones and burnt toast in order to shine a light on ingredients chefs and bartenders tend to throw away.
40% of all millennials have posted pictures of their food at least once before. The popularity of social media networks like Facebook and Twitter continues to increase and so does the concept that everything we do – everyone we meet, every party we attend, every movie we see – needs to be uploaded and shared with our Internet friends. Millennial diners will increasingly seek out casual restaurants that are newer and trendier in order to elevate their personal brand. The same goes for their drinking experiences, a show stopping cocktail is something that a consumer will definitely want to document.


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Lake Kivu
As one of Africa's famed Great Lakes, Lake Kivu is the largest body of water found in Rwanda. Sitting within steep terraced hills, the lake itself is visually stunning. Kivu, derived from the Bantu word meaning lake, covers 2700km² and at points is close to 500m deep!
The lake has one other secret too. Due to the fact that it sits on the tectonic plates of the East African greater rift, with volcanic activity underneath, it is filled with both carbon dioxide as well as methane. This is due to the waters of Kivu interacting with the magma beneath the tectonic plates. Currently, because 55 billion cubic metres of methane can be found deep in the lake (at around 300m), the Rwandan government will soon begin to extract the gas.
Visitors to Lake Kivu normally stay at one of the tourist towns surrounding it. These are Cyangugu, Kibuye, and Gisenyi although there are many smaller towns to be discovered by the intrepid explorer. The lake and surrounding hills are filled with a variety of activities. Many choose to take a boat trip to visit Idjwi, the tenth largest inland island on Earth, found in the waters of Kivu itself.
Although the lake is not abundant with fish as many others are in the region, avid fisherman can still catch up to 28 species including the Nile Tilapia, especially from the town of Gisenyi, the hub of water sports activity on the lake.
Kibuye, situated in the south, boasts the beautiful, warm waters found at Nayakabuye while the nearby Rugege forest is filled with a range of wildlife, hikes, and trails. Of course, as with most of the bodies of water in Africa, bird watching is a favoured activity. Expect to see malachite kingfishers, crowned cranes and pelicans to name a few. Kivu has much to offer and is an excellent place to spend some time while in Rwanda.
Check out our top Rwanda itineraries!
2 Day "Swift Gorillas"
Prices from $2,355 per person sharing, staying at Villa Gorilla (budget accommodation).
3 Day "Gorillas & Monkeys #1"
Prices from $2,840 per person sharing, staying at Mountain Gorilla View Lodge (mid range accommodation).


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This was the then current price list following the launch of the new soft white loaf from the new travelling oven...This price list was distributed when canvassing for new business.
Landers Bread Price List
Well no wonder the bakery was so successful, the range above is absolutely wonderful the amount of choice is staggering, but as in all these things the parent company starts to interfere and generally sales drop. Left to trade independently that might never have happened.
Yes I started at Landers in 1967 as a van lad, I was 16 at the time when I started I was on round 31 which was Sheffield, my driver was John Haliwell then Stan Gent took over. Then I was put on round 27 which was Long Eaton and Beeston I think about 1969 thats when Mr Kipling Cakes came out if I remember right, it took over from Pandora Cake. Looking back I met some fab people. Back then drivers, van lads and customers, and the Xmas Dinner Dance at Notts - I wish I could have those days back the best job I ever had 88
Hello Dennis, I guess I must have just missed you at Landers. I moved from them to Lancashire at the end of 1966. I did know both John Halliwell and Stan Gent. and as for Beeston and Long Eaton, I was the salesman on that round in 1955. The year my wife and I were married. A man named Wyn Wheeler made our Three tier wedding cake at Landers, and it cost £6 -10s -0d. You reminded me of the Landers "Do's". At first they started out as "Sales Dinners" for salesmen only. I recall going to The White Post and The Old England at Newark for men only dinners. Later it was decided to include wives and girlfriends to them. Two of these I remember, the venues were The Swan, Mansfield. and the other could have been The Wellbeck Hotel, Nottingham, but it was a long time ago!! I believe the last one I attended was at the Palais de Dance when the Carl Denver Trio were invited. must have been 1965/66.
Later the 'Xmas Do' graduated to the Portland Building at Nottingham University, but again these disappeared as part of the cost cutting that went on.
When I was at Landers the Xmas Dinner Dance was at Nottingham, I remember one year the Black Abbots were the entertainment they had just started up some of the people that were there I would imagine you would remember such as Jack Sevens, Frank Desforges [Dezzy], Pete Musgrove, Roy Wolley, Stan Gent, Stan Holliwell to name a few so many happy memories of Landers, a legend.
Great comments about a local bread company sadly no more.Wasn't their catchphrase "Landers bread oven fresh" even from other end of "Woodus" you knew when ovens were on at Landers, once again happy days but memories to reflect on.
Our Mansfield and Area > http://www.ourmansfieldandarea.org.uk/
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Within 5 days 4 nights trip, you will be fascinating from charming colonial city of Hanoi to imposing landscape of kart stone mountains in Tam Coc, Hoa Lu ancient capital of Vietnam and Halong Bay. Halong Bay is famous internationally, and is recognized as a World Heritage by UNESCO for its thousands of natural islands. Also in the city, there are temples, pagodas and historical relics.In addition to the most active branch of tourism, there are other economic activities such as: trade, seaport, coal, marine products and the production of construction materials
We wish to value your experience for any moments. Have a great time exploring the paradise of islands with our team!
Trip code: VF03
Departure: Hanoi
Itinerary: Hanoi - Hoa Lu Ancient capital – Tam Coc Caves - Halong Bay Cruises
Duration: 5 days / 4 nights
There is no hidden cost when doing tour with us and we always try to upgrade the services (Hotels, Boat, Meals...) for you when and where possible.
Day 1 Arrival in Hanoi (D)
Transfer via: International Flight on your own arrangement
Accommodations: Star View Hotel
Upon arrival in Hanoi we will be greet by your guide and taken to your hotel where we can relax for the rest of the day. Tonight we will be met by our guide again and then go on to a nice restaurant for our welcome Dinner.
Day 2 Hanoi - City tour (B, L)
Accommodations: Star View Hotel
Sites Visited: Chi Minh Complex, Temple of Literature, Ethnology Museum, West Lake area with Quan Thanh Temple and Tran Quoc Pagoda, Ngoc Son Temple, Hoan Kiem Lake. In the morning we will visit the Ho Chi Minh Complex the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, the Presidential Palace, One Pillar Pagoda and Ho Chi Minh Museum, the Temple of Literature then stop for our lunch at a fine local restaurant. In the afternoon, we will visit the Ethnology Museum, the West Lake area with Quan Thanh Temple and Tran Quoc Pagoda, Ngoc Son Temple and Hoan Kiem Lake. We spend one hour traveling around the Ancient city seeing daily Hanoian Life of by cyclo and spend one more hour watching the Water Puppet show in the Theater on the bank of Hoan Kiem Lake.
Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum opening time: Open from Tuesday to Thursday and weekends from 8am to 11pm. Closed on Mondays and Fridays. The mausoleum is closed for two months of the year, usually October and November, when Ho Chi Minh's body is maintenance.
Day 3 Hanoi – Hoa Lu and Tam Coc (B, L)
Accommodations: Star View Hotel
Sites visited: Tam Coc caves, Hoa Lu ancient capital
In the morning we will depart Hanoi for Tam Coc where we will take a boat to reach the Tam Coc Caves, which consists of the 3 caves with the stream going through. These caves are adorned with beautiful stalactites and stalagmites of different shapes and colors that sparkle like gemstones.
After lunch we will visit Hoa Lu, the ancient capital with 2 temples for the Kings Dinh and Le, then we drive back to Hanoi.
Day 4 Hanoi – Halong Bay (B, L)
Accommodations: Star View Hotel
Sites visited: Halong bay, Cave
This morning we depart Hanoi at around 08.00AM. After driving more than 3 hours, which includes a stop-over at the Humanity Center in Hai Duong province to donate some money to the child victims of Agent Orange, we arrive in Halong Bay at around 11:30AM. Then move from the car to a boat to enjoy a delicious, fresh, seafood lunch, while our boat cruising this secluded bay. During this afternoon time we will have the opportunity to visit the spectacular Heaven Palace Cave, crammed with stalactites and stalagmites. If the weather permits we can swim from our boat in the bay. We return to Hanoi in the late afternoon.
Day 5 Departure (B)
Transfer via: International Flight on your own arrangement Today we will transfer to the airport to take the flight home. Trip concludes.
- Confirmation of room & price are subject to space availability at the time of booking only
- Compulsory meals & peak days surcharge to be advised at the time of booking
- All above itinerary is flexible, depending on arrival or departure flights of passengers
- Ground operator reserved the right to amend or adjust itinerary to match with real situation
- Accommodation in twin/double share at hotels selected including breakfast
- Transfer by private air-conditioned car (van, bus...) as per program
- English speaking guide for each area as being requested
- Entry fees for all sightseeing as mentioned on the program
- Breakfast (B); Lunches (L) & Dinner (D) as being mentioned
- Vietnam domestic flights/economy class as program including all tax
- Government taxes (VAT…)
- International arrival & departure flight & airport tax
- Insurance, drinks, tips, personal expenses and all services not clearly mentioned
Lechan Travel
#5/56 Tuong Mai, Hoang Mai
Hanoi, Vietnam
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Shouryam Travels, Entered the service industry in 2008 with an aim to endow with good customer service and help people travel their dream around globe. Shouryam Travels is a well established Visa company located at I.P. Extension-Delhi, and helps clients, by providing secured documentation to travel places around the world.
copyright @2012-2013 shouryam travel.


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The next Parent Booster Meeting will be held in the Band Room on January 12, 2016 at 6:00. Nominations will be accepted for the new Executive Board until that time. Please consider submitting your name! Read the note below for more information.
Dear Band Parents,
This is important; please take the time to read it through and consider how you can help with the band program going forward at MPHS.
Many of you may not know that the term of the current booster executive board is over at the end of December. Our positions are held from January through December in order to allow new board members to gain experience before the marching season. Currently, the president and past president (Patsy and Carol) are parents of seniors, so we can't continue in our positions. Out of the other 3 members, only one is considering running again.
While a number of parents have pitched in and volunteered so far this year, attendance at our monthly meetings is low and presents us with a challenge as we begin recruiting new board members for the 2016 MPHS Band Boosters Executive Board. I'm not telling you this to make you feel bad or guilty, but to give you an idea of how difficult it has been for us to find anyone willing to join the board. If no one decides to step up, the Band Booster Organization at MPHS, which is one of the largest boosters on campus, will cease to exist.
What a shame it will be for your student if he/she doesn't have the support of the parents. Yes, it may take a bit of your time during the football season, but I can assure you that the rewards are worth it.
Band Booster fundraising, event coordination and volunteer efforts provide many of the extras that round out the music education experience at Mountain Pointe.
Without the MPHS Band Boosters, here is what your band student will miss:
· Fundraising — Each year, the Band Booster Board makes a monetary gift to the program to support the purchase and repair of instruments. No Boosters means no new instruments
· Mphsbandboosters.org — An informative website and photo gallery
· Our Facebook Page — Featuring posts about band activities and accomplishments
· The Annual August Preview Show and Dinner — Boosters provide dinner and our band families reconnect as we kick off the season
· First Aid and chaperones at practices and performances — Mr. Hartgrove does not have any teaching assistants or aides, so Booster parents provide support in case of an emergency
· Show shirts for our marching students — Each year, the Boosters provide students with a show shirt based on the theme of the halftime show
· Water at games — Booster volunteers secure donations of water and help the students keep hydrated during hot, Friday night games
· Away Game Performances — Booster volunteers drive and load the equipment truck
· Uniform fittings or alterations — Our "uniform moms" measure students, alter uniforms and keep them in good order from year to year
· Ticket sales at concerts — Proceeds from ticket sales go directly into the band's budget
· Concession tables at concerts — Money raised at concessions helps pay for the monetary and material donations that the Boosters give the band program.
· NAU Day or away performances — Boosters provide chaperones, logistics, meals/snacks, uniform help and first aid as well as driving the equipment truck.
· End of the year trips to LA, San Diego, or Disney — Booster volunteers help with logistics and supplemental funding for concert band trips to out of town competitions.
· Awards Banquet — A long-time Booster tradition of helping Mr. Hartgrove recognize student achievement and celebrate the successes of the year as well as an emotional farewell to graduating seniors
· Senior Recognitions — Boosters organize half-time activities to honor senior marching band members and to acknowledge the families who support them.
· Middle School Outreach — Middle School Students are made to feel welcome and our veteran parents answer parent questions in order to encourage new students to join the band
This doesn't have to be a difficult job, especially if just a few parents will step up and help. Please consider becoming involved…don't think that "someone else" will do it. Our kids need you.
Announcements & News >


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David Beckham wants to stay at AC Milan after his loan from Los Angeles Galaxy finishes on March 9, the Serie A club's chief executive, Adriano Galliani, said on Tuesday.
The 33-year-old midfielder, who has been in fine form for Milan, moved to Italy during the long U.S. close season on a two-month loan deal to try to stay in the frame for a place in the England side.
Galaxy have insisted Beckham return in March but he has said he is torn.
"We are working to keep him and I think he would like that too," Galliani told Gazzetta dello Sport.
"Milan will do everything to have Beckham even after March. It is clear that it's our wish to have him until the end of the season or on a permanent deal."
For technical reasons, his loan is actually until June meaning Milan can talk to Galaxy outside of the transfer window, which closed on Monday. However, there is a written agreement that he goes back to the United States in March.
"There's a hope but contracts should be honoured," Galliani added. "If Galaxy want to talk, we would be very happy to try. But... they are in the right. Beckham must return to America on March 9. Let's wait."


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Restoration Companies Near Me Windsor WI
Water Damage in Windsor WI 53598
Dealing with flood-ravaged property can be devastating. Living in the lowlands of any geographic region greatly increases the likelihood of flooding, but the heat and humidity of Florida make flood restoration service in Fort Lauderdale even more crucial. Water damage extraction must begin immediately to minimize the harm caused by flooding. As walls, floors, carpets, and furnishings absorb moisture, they also become home to mold, mildew, and bacteria. Not only do these microscopic life forms Water Extraction Windsor WI smell bad, they can destroy your property and your good health.
Where can you find flood restoration service? Fort Lauderdale, Miami, and Boca Raton have been dealing with hurricanes and flooding for centuries. As a result, they have also attracted experts in the field of flood recovery. They have the skills, the equipment, and the dedication needed to get the job done quickly and completely. As anyone who has ever dealt with flooding knows, even the Windsor WI smallest leaks can cause huge problems if left uncorrected. When hit with flooding, a fast response is the first thing you need.
Water Damage Extraction
This process should begin as soon as your situation is evaluated, often within 30 minutes of the initial call. Water damage extraction experts understand that the moisture and mud must be removed from the premises as rapidly as possible to prevent long-term structural harm to the building. Using the proper equipment, the Flood Repair Windsor WI wetness is removed from each room including flooring, walls, and crawl spaces. This allows the drying process to begin. Specialized vacuums, blowers, and dehydrators are brought in and your possessions are carefully removed to prevent further harm. This is just the beginning of the flood restoration service. Fort Lauderdale residents have learned that removing the moisture alone is inadequate to minimize the effects of flooding of home and health. The destruction goes much deeper than Windsor WI can be seen.
Water Damage Restoration
This part of the recovery process includes rebuilding parts of the home that were destroyed to make it look better than it was before. Moisture is removed from walls, flooring, furnishings, insulation, and basements. The next step in the process is to sanitize against mold, mildew, and bacteria. These agents can destroy the materials used to build the home and they can cause life threatening respiratory illness. Water damage restoration also Windsor WI includes disinfecting and deodorizing to eliminate the smells associated with flooding.
The Sweet Smell Of Success
Once the water damage extractions are completed, the final steps are taken for full flood restoration service. Fort Lauderdale, Boca Raton, and Miami are well known for gracious living, warm weather, and beautiful beaches. To keep your home livable and enjoyable, the flood recovery process ends with full cleaning of all upholstery, carpets, and ductwork. There is no sense in ridding Windsor WI the home of visible moisture and mud, only to have to abandon the building due to bad smells and ill health.
The investment in professional water damage restoration is a small price to pay to regain the use, comfort, and sanctuary provided by your home.
Surrounding Areas In Wisconsin
Windsor Information
Video: Water Damage Restoration in Windsor WI
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Water Damage From leaking faucets to burst pipes and flooding, water damage is one of the most common and potentially destructive problems you can face as a homeowner. If not taken care of immediately, excess water in your home can promote electrical hazards, cause expensive damage to your home's structure and furnishings, and can even lead to the growth of hazardous mold.
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1-800 WATER DAMAGE Blog | Water Damage Restoration
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WATER DAMAGE FIRE DAMAGE MOLD REMEDIATION STORM DAMAGE COMMERCIAL SERVICES; Hurricane Florence Here to Help ® Hurricane Florence made landfall causing significant flooding and wind destruction in North and South Carolina. Now downgraded to a tropical storm, major flooding is expected to continue across NC and in the SC northern coastal areas.
Madison WI - A Water Damage Restoration, Mold Removal ...
A Water Damage Restoration, Mold Removal & Carpet Cleaning Company Serving Minnesota and Wisconsin. ServiceMaster by Hedden is a family-owned business operated by Denise and Randy Hedden. We provide Minnesota disaster restoration, carpet cleaning , mitigation, reconstruction and general cleaning services in St. Paul, Eagan, Maple Grove, as well as in Madison, WI.


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Liverpool moved up to third place in the Premier League with a 3-1 win over Merseyside rivals Everton at Anfield.
The Reds opened the scoring through Sadio Mane's well-taken finish into the bottom corner, but Matthew Pennington levelled things up with his first top-flight goal.
Less than three minutes later Philippe Coutinho curled the hosts back into the lead, which Divock Origi added to on the hour after being introduced from the bench in place of injured forward Mane.
Relive how the 90 minutes of action unfolded with Sports Mole's live text coverage below.
LIVERPOOL XI: Mignolet; Clyne, Matip, Lovren, Milner; Lucas, Can, Wijnaldum; Mane, Coutinho, Firmino
EVERTON XI: Robles; Williams, Jagielka, Pennington; Holgate, Gueye, Davies, Baines; Barkley, Calvert-Lewin; Lukaku
LIVERPOOL SUBS: Karius, Moreno, Alexander-Arnold, Grujic, Woodburn, Klavan, Origi
EVERTON SUBS: Stekelenburg, Kenny, Barry, Lookman, Mirallas, Valencia, Kone
© SilverHub
© SilverHub
Jurgen Klopp: "There are not too many other cities around the world with two clubs of this size and importance. I think I am not skilled in a lot of parts of life, but maybe I am a genius in understanding derbies because I didn't need a second to understand this. "The world stops for 90 minutes in a city. Football is not the most important thing in the world but in a a few moments we love to think it is. "In the stadium it's still our ground. I'd really love to show this fact."
Ronald Koeman: "In one week we lost three players; players who are normally in the starting lineup. We still have a strong team. It's a nice challenge. James [McCarthy] had an injury when he joined up and the Everton medical team notified them. In my opinion, in this instance, [the manager] was not protecting the player. Clearly James was not fit to play. He had trained for only two days and broke down. I spoke to James and he needs to take responsibility for this."
© Getty Images
LIVERPOOL SUBS: Karius, Moreno, Alexander-Arnold, Grujic, Woodburn, Klavan, Origi
EVERTON SUBS: Stekelenburg, Kenny, Barry, Lookman, Mirallas, Valencia, Kone
© SilverHub


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Some of the best content is now getting great sounding audio to go with it. It was announced today that HBO will utilize Dolby Digital Plus in its HBO GO streaming video app. The important word here is app. Connected devices that use the web-based version of HBO GO will probably not be able to enjoy Dolby Digital Plus. Update: The latest version of Flash does support Dolby Digital Plus so it depends if your device has Flash 11. The Roku 2 and Xbox apps should be able to implement Dolby Digital Plus fairly easily. The earlier Rokus are a open question since they can't handle Dolby Digital Plus. Update: The poster below from the Dolby booth at CES would suggest that we'll see more native HBO GO apps soon. Currently, HBO GO provides stereo sound for its streaming content. (Review of HBO GO on the Roku).
Dolby Digital Plus is becoming the choice for premium streaming video services to deliver high quality surround sound. Netflix, VUDU and Cinema Now already use Dolby Digital Plus in their services since it was designed to handle bandwidth constraints. I'm still investigating to find out when Dolby Digital Plus will become available to subscribers. HBO will have to do some work preparing the content and making software updates to its apps. Keep your ears open.


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Feature Articles
National statistics indicate that in 2015, more than 20% of college women were victims of sexual assault or misconduct in college.
A Passionate Social Entrepreneur
Kevin Lilly '14 is not your average 20-something...
New PMBA Degree Puts Careers in Motion
Lasell began offering the Professional Master's in Business Administration (PMBA) degree in the fall of 2014.
Auburndale 02466
Educating the Next Generation of Global Citizens
Letter to Alumni and Friends
Race on Campus
During the Fall of 2015, many students of color from US colleges nationwide led protests to draw attention to the persistence of discriminatory actions...
Spring into Health
Fitness Trends for 2016
College Offers Innovative Master's Degree in Rehabilitation Science
The new Master's Degree in Rehabilitation Science launches Fall 2016
Simmonds '08 Scholarship Fund Supports Lasell Undergrads
The Dennis "DJ" Simmonds '08 Scholarship Fund was established in 2015 to honor the memory of the late alum.
Class Notes
Class Notes for Spring 2016


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Hotel Ambient Izukogen
Resort Ratings
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Overview: Hotel Ambient Izukogen
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Featured Amenities: Hotel Ambient Izukogen
There is a beach nearby (5 miles) Hotel Ambient Izukogen.
There are boating facilities located 2 miles away from Hotel Ambient Izukogen.
Golf (18 Holes)
Hotel Ambient Izukogen has a golf course located nearby.
Hotel Ambient Izukogen has a lake that is located nearby the resort. (2 miles)
There are tennis courts located nearby (2 miles) Hotel Ambient Izukogen.
Water Skiing
There is a place to go water skiing located nearby (5 miles) Hotel Ambient Izukogen.
Amenities: Hotel Ambient Izukogen
While vacationing at Hotel Ambient Izukogen, the following amenities and services are available for your enjoyment and convenience.
Resort Amenities
- Swimming Pool(s)
Recreation (Onsite / Nearby)
- Beach
- Boating
- Golf (18 Holes)
- Lake
- Tennis
- Water Skiing
- Conference Facilities
Room Description: Hotel Ambient Izukogen
There are 7 different types of rooms available at Hotel Ambient Izukogen.
|2 bedrooms
|Private Occupancy: 4
|Max. Occupancy: 4
|Kitchen: Full Kitchen
|3 bedrooms
|Private Occupancy: 4
|Max. Occupancy: 4
|Kitchen: Full Kitchen
|3 bedrooms
|Private Occupancy: 4
|Max. Occupancy: 5
|Kitchen: Full Kitchen
|3 bedrooms
|Private Occupancy: 6
|Max. Occupancy: 6
|Kitchen: Full Kitchen
|Private Occupancy: 2
|Max. Occupancy: 2
|Kitchen: Mini Kitchen
|Private Occupancy: 2
|Max. Occupancy: 2
|Kitchen: No Kitchen
|Private Occupancy: 2
|Max. Occupancy: 3
|Kitchen: No Kitchen
Maximum (Max.) Occupancy refers to the maximum number of persons a resort unit will accommodate. Private Occupancy is the number of persons that a resort unit may accommodate, based on two adults per private sleeping area.
Affiliations and Accolades: Hotel Ambient Izukogen
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How To Get More Go and Tell Points
timeshareAdvisor's Go and Tell Points is an incentive-based program that rewards members for sharing their timeshare experiences via resort reviews and photos. As part of the program, members will receive reward points for participation and qualify for prize drawings.
Consumers gain reward points in a number of ways including: signing up to become a member; writing a review of a timeshare resort; following a timeshare resort that they own, have visited, or wish to visit; recommending other reviews; recommending photos submitted by other members.
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Go and Tell Points - Frequently Asked Questions
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How often can I win prizes from the Go and Tell drawings?
Members are eligible to win if they have not won a prize in the past 90 days.
Timeshares near Hotel Ambient Izukogen:
- XIV Eksiv Izu >
3.5 miles
- Sun Resorpia Atami >
10.8 miles
- XIV Hakone Rikyu >
20.4 miles
- Sun Members Tokyo Shinjuku >
60.9 miles
- Sun Members Tokyo Shinbashi >
61.1 miles
Hotel Ambient Izukogen is also known as:
- Ambient Izukogen Annex Hotel
- Ambient Izukogen Hotel
- Ambient Izukogen Resort
- Ambient Izukogen Hotel and Resort
- Ambient Izukogen Resort and Spa
- Ambient Izukogen Beach Hotel
- Ambient Izukogen Beach Resort
- Ambient Izukogen Beach Club


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Photos of my grandmother, Wilhelmina "Cookie" Cooke; my mother, Edna Leslie Cooke Mayer (Abbie);
my uncle Allister Bennet Cooke (Biffie, Uncle Biff to me), and various family.
Iko, Biffie, and Abbie, at Kalaupapa.
Mom would always speak fondly of Iko, the housekeeper and nanny, and Kobe, the Japanese cook
who often made them sushi rolls. She'd make them when I was a child but no one else in the family
liked them. I learned to love sushi as an adult and make my own now, just as she did.
Abbie and Biffie at Kalaupapa.
Wilhelmina's mother with Abbie and…Sis?.
Abbie and Biffie and Yukon, probably at the Oahu house.
1938 class photo, Abbie at bottom right.
.Abbie, Wilhelmina's parents the Kiesels, cousins Sonny, Sis, and Abbie's dog Yukon.
Fredricka and Wilhelmina. They obviously had a big falling out.
Wilhelmina's maternal grandparents, Opa (Heinrich Deitrick Christian Mueller and Oma
(Caroline Louise Wilhelmine Krüger Mueller) with Wesley J. Ross, husband of their
granddaughter Augusta (Wilhelmina's sister Gussie).
The Mueller and Kiesel families of Germany sailed to Hawaii in 1881 on the French built
bark "Cedar" (see passenger list) which left Bremen, Germany on January 4, 1881.
Read Charles Kiesel's account of the voyage.
.Oma and Opa Mueller in group shot.
Wilhelmina with Biffie and Abbie.
Biffie, Abbie, Sonny, Sis, and Yukon.
.Sis, Wilhelmina, Sonny, Biffie (half in pic), Abbie, Yukon (yawning), and Wilhemina's sister Gussie.
Wilhelmina's son Scotty Foster, by her first husband, Scott Henry Foster.
Wilhelmina's sister, Ann Kiesel.
. .
Wilhelmina with her mother and sister Gussie at Doc's funeral at the historic Oahu Cemetery.


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Medical Definition of Weitbrecht's cartilage
1. The articular disk of fibrocartilage usually found between the acromial end of the clavicle and the medial border of the acromion. Synonym: discus articularis acromioclavicularis, acromioclavicular disk, Weitbrecht's cartilage. (05 Mar 2000)
Weitbrecht's Cartilage Pictures
Click the following link to bring up a new window with an automated collection of images related to the term: Weitbrecht's Cartilage Images


text:
Adele quit smoking because she feared she would die.
The 'Hello' hitmaker - who made her triumphant return to music this year - admits she gave up her vice over worries she would develop lung cancer.
She told the Daily Mirror newspaper: "If I'd carried on smoking I'd probably have died from a smoking-related illness and I think that's really bad.
"If I was dying from lung cancer I would have potentially given it to myself and that wouldn't be something I'd be proud of."
The 27-year-old singer - who had been smoking 25 cigarettes a day before she quit - has been on a health kick as of late and recently revealed her key to losing weight - cutting out the sugars in her tea.
She said: "I used to drink 10 cups a day with two sugars in each so I was on 20 sugars a day. Now I don't drink it and I have more energy than ever."
And whilst she likes to keep healthy, she doesn't "enjoy" heading to the gym.
She shared: "I'm not, like, skipping to the f***ing gym. I don't enjoy it. I do like doing weights. I don't like looking in the mirror.
"Blood vessels burst on my face really easily, so I'm so conscious when I'm lifting weights not to let them burst in my face. And if I don't tour, you'll catch me back down at the Chinese!"


text:
Windows 98 For Dummies: Quick Reference
Greg Harvey
224 pages
June 1998
This title is out-of-print and not currently available for purchase from this site.
Table of Contents
Author Information
Feeling a little overwhelmed by all the hype and hysteria surrounding the release of Microsoft's Windows 98? Looking for a clear, concise guide to all things 98, where you can find what you want quickly and efficiently, without having to search through long-winded manuals the size of big-city telephone books? Let your fingers do the walking through the facets and features of Windows 98 with Windows 98 For Dummies Quick Reference, the fast and friendly one-volume source to answer all your Windows 98 questions.
Windows 98 For Dummies Quick Reference is packed with helpful advice and timesaving tips to make your Windows 98 learning curve smooth and gentle. All of the Windows 98 tools, components, commands, and tasks are presented in easy-to-find alphabetical order with clear, step-by-step directions. Whether you're new to Windows or are upgrading from a previous version of Microsoft's world-famous operating system for PCs, you can find everything you need to know packed between the covers of this slim, comprehensive book.
About us
About For Dummies
Contact Us
Privacy Policy
Terms and Conditions
Advertise with Us
Manage Your E-Mail Newsletters
More From Dummies
Mobile Site
My Account
Dummies B2B Services
Online Test Banks
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Topics A-Z
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Health & Fitness
Home & Garden
Internet & Social Media
Music & Creative Arts
Personal Finance
Photography & Video
Relationships & Family
Religion & Spirituality
Sports & Outdoors
Copyright © 2018 & Trademark by
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
All rights reserved.


text:
Empowering Excellence in Government through Great People.
We lead and serve the Federal Government in enterprise human resources management by delivering policies and services to achieve a trusted effective civilian workforce.
Review the Federal Employees Group Life Insurance (FEGLI) Handbook
Answering your questions about Healthcare and Insurance
"...The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall serve as the Suitability and Credentialing Agent..." ~Executive Order 13467, as amended
"...primary executive branch service provider for background investigations..." ~Executive Order 13467, as amended
OPM's Human Resources Solutions organization can help your agency answer this critically important question.
Developing senior leaders in the U.S. Government through Leadership for a Democratic Society, Custom Programs and Interagency Courses.
Visit this federal site to search for our regulatory notices, proposed and final rules.
See the latest tweets on our Twitter feed, like our Facebook pages, watch our YouTube videos, and page through our Flickr photos.
Your first step always should be to convey a clear message to the
employee about what your performance expectations are. Performance
standards that do not relate to the job need to be rewritten so there
will be no confusion between your oral instructions or written guidance
and the performance standards themselves. If the new standards that you
have written are substantially different from the old ones, you will
need to give the employee a chance to work under the new standards
before you determine whether or not the employee's performance is
unacceptable. As discussed later in Step Three, you do not always need
to rely on formal performance standards, depending on the legal
authority under which you take action. But you run a serious risk of
either having your action overturned or mitigated upon appeal if the
employee can demonstrate that his or her performance expectations were
not clear.
There was an unexpected error when performing your action.
Your error has been logged and the appropriate people notified. You may close this message and try your command again, perhaps after refreshing the page. If you continue to experience issues, please notify the site administrator.


text:
At first glance, this analysis seems to suggest that outdated views that criminals can be identified by physical attributes are not entirely wrong. However, it may not be the full story. It is interesting that two of the most relevant features are related to the lips, which are our most expressive facial features. ID photos such as the ones used in the study are required to have neutral facial expression, but it could be that the AI managed to find hidden emotions in those photos. These may be so minor that humans might have struggled to notice them.
It is difficult to resist the temptation to look at the sample photos displayed in the paper, which is yet to be peer reviewed. Indeed, a careful look reveals a slight smile in the photos of noncriminals – see for yourself. But only a few sample photos are available so we cannot generalise our conclusions to the whole database.
The power of affective computing
This would not be the first time that a computer was able to recognise human emotions. The so-called field of "affective computing" has been around for several years. It is argued that, if we are to comfortably live and interact with robots, these machines should be able to understand and appropriately react to human emotions. There is much work in the area, and the possibilities are vast.
For example, researchers have used facial analysis to spot struggling students in computer tutoring sessions. The AI was trained to recognise different levels of engagement and frustration, so that the system could know when the students were finding the work too easy or too difficult. This technology could be useful to improve the learning experience in online platforms.
AI has also been used to detect emotions based on the sound of our voice by a company called BeyondVerbal. They have produced software which analyses voice modulation and seeks specific patterns in the way people talk. The company claims to be able to correctly identify emotions with 80% accuracy. In the future, this type of technology might, for instance, help autistic individuals to identify emotions.
Sony is even trying to develop a robot able to form emotional bonds with people. There is not much information about how they intend to achieve that, or what exactly the robot will do. However, they mention that they seek to "integrate hardware and services to provide emotionally compelling experiences".
An emotionally intelligent AI has several potential benefits, be it to give someone a companion or to help us performing certain tasks – ranging from criminal interrogation to talking therapy.
But there are also ethical problems and risks involved. Is it right to let a patient with dementia rely on an AI companion and believe it has an emotional life when it doesn't? And can you convict a person based on an AI that classifies them as guilty? Clearly not. Instead, once a system like this is further improved and fully evaluated, a less harmful and potentially helpful use might be to trigger further checks on individuals considered "suspicious" by the AI.
So what should we expect from AI going forward? Subjective topics such as emotions and sentiment are still difficult for AI to learn, partly because the AI may not have access to enough good data to analyse them objectively. For instance, could AI ever understand sarcasm? A given sentence may be sarcastic when spoken in one context but not in another.
Yet the amount of data and processing power continues to grow. So, with a few exceptions, AI may well be able to match humans in recognising different types of emotions in the next few decades. But whether an AI could ever experience emotions is a controversial subject. Even if they could, there may certainly be emotions they could never experience – making it difficult to ever truly understand them.
Leandro Minku, Lecturer in Computer Science, University of Leicester
This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.


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By any other name
Would that Shakespeare have worked on the marketing for Marriott, then the Courtyard Marriott Philadelphia Devon (yes, that is the full name) might have been located in one of those two spots instead of Wayne, PA.
What's wrong with Wayne?
Where is Devon anyway?
Technorati Tags : Marriott, Philadelphia, Devon, Wayne
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text:
Publication Date
Brown, Judith C.
History (HIST)
Although ordinarily India?s caste system does not allow members of different castes to join together and form other sanctioned social groups, two exceptions do exist. The devadasi priestesses who used to serve in India?s temples and the hijras, hermaphroditic, intersexed, impotent, and/or homosexual male transvestites who were often castrated, both drew/draw members from a variety of castes into cohesive units. This thesis explores the similarities between the devadasis? and the hijras? history and religious roles that led to their unique societal statuses, in order to find patterns that elucidate those aspects of Indian society beyond the scope of caste.
Recommended Citation
Belkin, Erica Caren, "Creating Groups Outside the Caste System: The Devadasis and Hijras of India" (2008). Honors Theses - All. 170.
Included in
© Copyright is owned by author of this document


text:
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Read this: RAJAR Q3 2016: Digital radio continues to grow
Summary: Digital listening has grown to 45.5 share, a year-on -year growth of 9, with 6 Music continuing to attract extra listeners on DAB. The BBC station has recorded a new record weekly reach of 2.34 million listeners, followed by BBC Radio 4 Extra with a weekly reach of 2.04 million listeners. Following the launch of the second national DAB commercial network broadcasting 18 national commercial stations earlier this year, digital listening hours to national commercial radio has grown by 25 year-on- year. - radiotoday.co.ukRead full article: RAJAR Q3 2016: Digital radio continues t…
Lots more recommendations to read at Trends - ukfree.tv.
Summaries are done by Clipped-Your articles and documents summarized.
CommentsYour comment please


text:
5 Freebie on themeforest of December 2017
Hello everyone, early this December Themeforest free donation gives 05 free samples. As always, each template is in a store of Envato. These templates are also quite good for people to use for individual projects. You can download and use the free templates under the links. Wish you have a good week to work.
5 Freebie on themeforest of December 2017
Eydia | Responsive Multi-Purpose HTML5 Template
Eydia focuses on Multi-page and One-page Responsive Marketing Bootstrap Template that can use all kind of Business sites. Homepage designed for multipurpose, Laning on Multi-page, Eydea, Agency, Apps, Architect, Bakery, Boxed, Border design, Business, Charity, College, Construction, Corporate, Education, Hosting, Industry, Magazine, Medical, Personal, Portfolio, Restaurant, School, Shop, Travel, University, Wedding
Eydia is the Aristocratic theme for corporate business. It's a design that helps you to connect modern world customers. This theme achieves you to your target customers and bestows them an amazing user experience.
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Mix of delicious fruits in a plate on a wooden table
Juicy grapes, apples, lemons, nuts, banana, tomato and parsley on a plate
Thanks for reading!


text:
Ethereal, Exquisite ... Eilis Boyle
Eilis Boyle ... website link here.
wow :D Great pictures, I love the black/white effect! Amazing :]
Stay happy & Live.Laugh.Love.
So very you my lovely friend!ReplyDelete
I'd love to live in her clothes with a drawer of faded levis and boots (ok, flip flops) for the rest of the time.
I thought it was 11pm I'm so tired!
So looking forward to Monday and a good catch-up.
Those are perfect description words in the title of this post. I love it!
I would love to add Elegant as well. This is really great.
The second image is my favorite. I wish these were postcards. I would put them up and send them out!
Thank you so much Madeleine!!!ReplyDelete
Zabrinah, I agree - I want the second image NOW.
Eilis, amazing clothes that should have shop owners brawling.
Gorgeous photos! Love the black and white imagery and the combination of lace and sheer fabrics. Amazing!ReplyDelete
Pretty clothes!


text:
LA CANADA FLINTRIDGE, Calif. --County roads within the Station Fire burn area will be closed to public access beginning at 2 a.m. Saturday.Los Angeles County Department of Public Works pushed back the road closures from Friday night to Saturday morning based on storm forecasts for the area.
The Angeles Forest Highway, Big Tujunga Canyon Road and Upper Big Tujunga Canyon Road will be closed to all traffic except for emergency vehicles and public works personnel.
Residents from the burn area will not be permitted to use the roads until the closures are lifted.
Evacuations for residents in the burn areas may also be ordered.
Parking restrictions during the rain will be enforced on posted streets in La Canada Flintridge and La Crescenta.
Residents are urged to check for further updates as the storms move into Southern California at www.dpwcare.org


text:
Judge Rips Feuding Parties In NY Solar Co.'s Ch. 11
U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Mary Kay Vyskocil tore into counsel for both the debtor and its founder and former CEO, Richard Keiser, criticizing the "hyperbole, mudslinging and generalizations" coming from both sides.
The bankrupt solar company has accused...
To view the full article, register now.
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text:
Volvo Cars Graduate Portfolio
Joining Volvo Cars as a Graduate will boost your career and give you access to a world of opportunities in any of our global locations.
Choose between the Global Graduate Programme and one of our three Engineering Graduate Programmes. Our portfolio is designed to match your professional ambitions with our inclusive and respectful leadership culture.
Global Graduate Programme
Engineering Graduate Programmes
The Future is you
The path you choose today, will have a big impact on the future. As a graduate and member of the worldwide Volvo Cars team, you'll have about 38 000 colleagues around the world. Together we make life simpler for people by providing safe, sustainable and convenient mobility, making a positive contribution to society.
« Volvo's great assets is its team of young, dedicated employees who are as passionate about sustainability and humanity as they are about vehicles and innovation. »
Fernando Lopez
Senior Commercial Project Manager, 90-series cars


text:
Quentin 'Rampage' Jackson vs. Kazushi Sakuraba (Pride FC)
Another one of my favorite fights, which made both Rampage and Sakuraba icons of MMA badassery in my mind:
Quentin 'Rampage' Jackson vs. Kazushi Sakuraba
(Pride FC)
"Badassery, you say?" -you might be asking- "...What does that even mean?"
Badassery is when you slam your way out of a triangle, then an armbar.
Badassery is when you nearly throw your opponent out of the damn ring.
Badassery is when you survive the previous two examples of badassery and win the fight by choking out the guy who did those things to you.


text:
Though I'm still enjoying my time in Allods Online, there are some things I'd like to see added or fixed.
Please add:
- Ability to choose which quests are indicated on the quest log. Not extremely critical but I like grouping my quests from one area and it would make it much easier to track if I could choose which to show. Maybe it's just I don't want the glaring reminder that I haven't finished my bag quest yet …
- Mail icon/indicator added to the UI somewhere. Currently I can't tell if someone has sent me mail unless I go to a mailbox or Postman.
- Resizable UI. Right now it feels large and clunky.
- An option to lock the action bars. Not critical but I've gotten into a clicking frenzy and accidentally pulled a skill of the bar. Not fun when you're in the middle of a fight.
- Better friend and guild UI.
- Easier and faster way to see level and class. Mousing over a player shows their name and health. The only way to see their class and level is to click on them then right click -> Inspect. Not fun when you have to do that for your entire group or raid to figure out which classes you have. Yes you can just ask but for some reason people get angry that you didn't just look it up for yourself.
- A reply hotkey.
- More chat tabs.
- Chat box to remember what group you were typing in. The chat box only remembers /party. /say is default for anything else. If I'm chatting in /raid please remember that. Having to type /raid before typing each time is annoying.
- Make / take the place of enter when it's hit. Maybe I'm just used to every other game I play that has that functionality. Either way, it's hard to get used to hitting enter before typing anything.
- A 'tabbing' ability in the AH and mail interface. Having to click in each little box when selling something on the AH or sending mail is very time consuming.
Please fix:
- Party members on map. As of now, when you leave a group your old party members are still indicated on the map. If someone dies their marker disappears (as it should) but it then puts that name on someone else's marker so that when the correct marker appears again it's got the wrong name attached to it.
- More accurate quest markers on map. There are a couple quests I've run across (though for the life of me I can't remember their names) that have the markers in the wrong place.
- The base amount of damage or heal in the tooltip. I know that the amount of Faith you have when healing determines how much wound complexity your heals ignore but I've healed myself with no wound complexity and it still doesn't heal for the amount the tooltip says. Maybe I'm doing something wrong but it's still confusing to heal for less than what you expect with no real explanation why.
- Chat window settings remembered.
- Member rank 3 in a guild is supposed to be able to invite. Last time I checked (which I'll admit was awhile ago) I was not able to invite others to the guild and I was rank 3.
I'd like to also take a moment to thank Allods for a couple recent additions. Thank you for clearly marking items that are bound to you. Thank you for adding the spam filter, though I'm not sure if it's working. Keep up the good work and don't let the downers get you … well, down.


text:
Mojo Data Solutions, Inc. (MJDS) delivers technologies that enhance everyday life by giving digital identities to media content, enabling smartphones to "interact" with the physical world.
Mojo Data Solutions is an innovative technology provider of interactive solutions for smartphones. Mojo Tags is the only multimedia reader that connects the physical world to the digital world using disruptive technologies such as 2D barcodes, image recognition, steganography for images and audio and other content identification technologies, such as NFC and RFID. Our shares are new in the market, and we will continue to build a high quality intellectual property portfolio as we grow over the years.


text:
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