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Nalanda University, now in ruins, was founded in 5 th century. Spread over an area of 14 hectares, this university was totally built in red clay bricks. The Nalanda University attracted scholars from all over the world. Even Chanakya or Kautilya was once, a student of this university. It was from this university, the seat of knowledge for the world that the light of knowledge spread all over.
Today, only the memories of those glorious days are refreshed in the ruins. Whatever remains of the great university, has been well preserved. Among the ruins, one still recognizes the different sections of the place. Particularly the place of worship and the hostels are very distinct. Beautiful lawns surround the whole area.
According to literary tradition, Nalanda, 10 kms north of Rajgir and a suburb of the ancient city, was visited by Buddha and Mahavira. Ashoka is said to have worshipped at the chaitya of Sariputra, Buddha?s disciple, and erected a temple. But the excavations, which were conducted here from 1916 onwards, have not revealed any pre-Gupta remains. By the time of Harsha (A.D. 606-48), Nalanda had become the principal centre of Mahayana learning and a famed university-town with numerous shrines and monasteries, which attracted scholars from far and near. The Chinese pilgrims, Hiuen Tsang and I- Tsing studied at Nalanda and have left accounts of the settlement and its life.
The Excavations
The elaborate excavations at the site have revealed nine levels of occupation, dating back to the time of Lord Buddha and Lord Mahavira, in the 6th century. The ruins provide staggering evidence of the strength of Buddhist civilization, in its prime. The remains of the stupas, temples and eleven monasteries, most aligned north to south, with their thick walls impressively intact, are strewn all over the place.
Nalanda had a planned layout with an almost symmetrical row of monasteries facing a row of temples, with wide spaces in between. The temples were solid rectangular structures of two tiers, the sanctum being placed on the upper tier, which was approached by a grand flight of steps. The facades of both the tiers were plastered and embellished with elegant pilasters and niches containing images.
Temple 3 was more than 31 m high and consisted of seven successive accummulations of which the latest two belonged to the 11th and 12th centuries and the fifth one dating from circa 6th century, was notable for its sculptural wealth. The monasteries were imposing rectangular buildings, each with an open courtyard, enclosed by a covered verandah, which leads into cells, arrayed on the four sides. The cell facing the entrance served as a shrine.
Nalanda was an important centre of Pala sculptures and bronzes and has yielded seals and sealings of great historical significance.
The Education
In this first residential international university of the world, 2,000 teachers and 10,000 students from all over the Buddhist world lived and studied. Courses taught at the University included the study of the Mahayana and Hinayana Schools of Buddhism, Brahmanical and Vedic texts, philosophy, logic, theology, Grammar, astronomy, mathematics and medicine.
Education was provided free, as the University was supported by the revenue from surrounding villages, and by the benefactors such as the 8th century king of Sumatra.
The ancient seat of learning
Towards the Southeast of Patna is a village called the 'Bada Gaon', in the vicinity of which, are the world famous ruins of Nalanda University. Housing about 10,000 students and 2,000 teachers, this university attracted pupils from all over the world. A Walk in the ruins of the university, takes you to an era, that saw India leading in imparting knowledge, to the world - the era when India was a coveted place for studies. The university flourished during the 5th and 12th century.
This place saw the rise and fall of many empires and emperors who contributed in the development of Nalanda. Many monasteries and temples were built by them. King Harshwardhana gifted a 25m high copper statue of Buddha and Kumargupta endowed a college of fine arts here. Nagarjuna- a Mahayana philosopher, Dinnaga- founder of the school of logic and Dharmpala- the Brahmin scholar, taught here.
The famous Chinese traveller and scholar, Hieun-Tsang stayed here and has given a detailed description of the situations prevailing at that time. Careful excavation of the place has revealed many stupas, monasteries, hostels, stair cases, meditation halls, lecture halls and many other structures which speak of the splendour and grandeur this place enjoyed, when the place was a centre of serious study.
Kautilya and Arthashastra
Much of our knowledge about state policy under the Mauryas comes from the Arthashastra written by Kautilya (more popularly known as Chanakya), who was a Brahmin minister under Chandragupta Maurya. Though it was written at the end of the fourth century BC, it appears to have been rediscovered only in 1905, after centuries of oblivion. The treatise in its present form is most likely not the text written by Kautilya, though it is probably based on a text that was authored by Kautilya; and in no case can the text in its entirety be ascribed to Kautilya, on account of numerous stylistic and linguistic variations.
The book, written in Sanskrit, discusses theories and principles of governing a state. It is not an account of Mauryan administration. The title, Arthashastra, which means "the Science of Material Gain" or "Science of Polity", does not leave any doubts about its ends. According to Kautilya, the ruler should use any means to attain his goal and his actions required no moral sanction. The only problems discussed are of the most practical kind. Though the kings were allowed a free rein, the citizens were subject to a rigid set of rules. This double standard has been cited as an excuse for the obsolescence of the Arthashastra, though the real cause of its ultimate neglect, as the Indian historian Romila Thapar suggests, was the formation of a totally different society to which these methods no longer applied.
Arthashastra remains unique in all of Indian literature because of its total absence of specious reasoning, or its unabashed advocacy of realpolitik, and scholars continued to study it for its clear cut arguments and formal prose till the twelfth century. Espionage and the liberal use of provocative agents is recommended on a large scale. Murder and false accusations were to be used by a king's secret agents without any thoughts to morals or ethics. There are chapters for kings to help them keep in check the premature ambitions of their sons, and likewise chapters intended to help princes to thwart their fathers' domineering authority. However, Kautilya ruefully admits that it is just as difficult to detect an official's dishonesty as it is to discover how much water is drunk by the swimming fish.
Kautilya helped the young Chandragupta Maurya, who was a Vaishya, to ascend to the Nanda throne in 321 BC. Kautilya's counsel is particularly remarkable because the young Maurya's supporters were not as well armed as the Nandas. Kautilya continued to help Chandragupta Maurya in his campaigns and his influence was crucial in consolidating the great Mauryan empire. He has often been likened to Machiavelli by political theorists, and the name of Chanakya is still reminiscent of a vastly scheming and clever political adviser.
-The Maurya Empire Unites India as One Political Entity


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Al Barkow is the author of the book "The Upset" about Jack Fleck's win over Ben Hogan in the 1955 U.S. Open at The Olympic Club. Contrary to popular belief, Jack Fleck and Ben Hogan did have a relationship of sorts prior to the 1955 U.S. Open. Ben Hogan had started a club company by that point and he wanted players to use the clubs. Fleck wanted to use the Hogan clubs and Hogan delivered Fleck a set of those clubs before the U.S. Open. In fact, Fleck and Hogan were the only players at The Olympic Club in the U.S. Open in 1955 using Ben Hogan clubs.
Jack Fleck was ahead of his time on fitness as well as what many people today call zen golf. He was one of the first people to embrace meditation and yoga as preparation methods for tournament rounds. He was able to increase his confidence significantly by using these practices and he has said in the past that he felt as though he was in a trance while he was in the playoff with Hogan. He felt centered and calm and he credited yoga and meditation for those feelings.
Fleck did not play as well as he wanted to after the 1955 U.S. Open victory and one of the reasons was that he took advantage of opportunities to make some money following the big win over Ben Hogan. He also did not derive much pleasure from his victory because many people felt, rightly or wrongly, that the win over Hogan was a fluke and that Fleck had stolen a 5th U.S. Open victory from Hogan.

subset: commoncrawl


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State of Arkansas plans execution of eight convicts in a ten-day span beginning this Easter Monday
Update: The Episcopal Peace Fellowship applauds an Arkansas circuit judge's April 14 blocking of a string of assembly line executions of seven prisoners that was slated to begin April 17 – day after Easter.
EPF also backs the McKesson medical supply company that sells the Pfizer drug vecuronium bromide which is widely used by hospitals to relax patients' muscles before surgery. Vecuronium is one of three drugs that many states use to create a cocktail that is lethal. McKesson has sued the State of Arkansas for pretending to order the drug for prison hospitals – not the execution chamber.
Episcopal Peace Fellowship News Release March 24, 2017
contact – Bob Kinney – email@example.com
Claysburg, Pennsylvania – The Episcopal Peace Fellowship (EPF) condemns the upcoming state execution of eight convicts by the State of Arkansas in a span of just ten days.
"The state of Arkansas hasn't executed an inmate since 2005, but Governor Asa Hutchinson has plans for eight executions within the span of ten days in April beginning one day after Easter because the state's supply of midazolam expires at the end of that month and drug companies are increasingly deciding not to sell their drugs for executions," said the Rev. Allison Liles, EPF executive director.
"It is said to be the most concentrated execution schedule in the United States since the re-introduction of the death penalty in 1976," said Rt. Rev. Larry Benfield, Bishop of Arkansas. The diocese is planning death vigils in its cathedral in Little Rock before every execution beginning on Good Friday. Read Bishop Benfield's statement here.
The state executions will forever scar the families of those convicts scheduled to die. They have been living a hell for two to three decades while their son has been on death row. The families of those slain by the convicts may feel like justice has been done – or perhaps not. Fellow death row prisoners will be saying goodbye to the eight as their own execution moves closer.
"The death penalty is driven by revenge – not justice," said the Rev. Allison Liles. "And a high price of this vengeful punishment is being paid by the prison workers forced to endure the reality of what it means to execute a human being."
"It is unfair for Governor Hutchinson to set execution dates for these eight men, then ask a select group of people to carry them out in such a short amount of time. Chosen members of the Cummins Unit prison staff will be forced to perform legal, state-sanctioned killings of eight fellow human beings within the span of ten days. After each execution they must return to their usual daily work for just one day before they must kill another person. This poses an inherent moral conflict to human values that must be addressed," said Rev. Liles.
In his stunning documentary film "Into The Abyss" – noted film director Werner Herzog explores the effects of the death penalty in the State of Texas – a state that has killed 517 prisoners since the Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty. Runners up are Virginia and Oklahoma with 110. Arkansas has killed just 27 – until now.
Most wrenching in the film is Herzog talking to the former head of the Death Squad at Huntsville – the Texas state prison where all prisoners are killed. The leader of a 12-person team had supervised the killing of about 120 prisoners. He lauded his team for getting the job done within ten minutes but something happened when he supervised the 1998 killing of Karla Faye Tucker – the first woman to be killed in Texas since 1863.
He tells Herzog that he fell to the floor of the execution chamber and began shaking violently when she died. The burly East Texas man quit his job the next day and lost his state pension – he could no longer kill.
The Episcopal Peace Fellowship has championed peace, nonviolence and social justice issues since its founding on Armistice Day in 1939.
Read more about EPF – https://epfnational.org.


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Upcoming Events
About the Oregon State USBC
The United States Bowling Congress officially launched Jan. 1, 2005, as the organization to serve amateur adult and youth bowlers in the United States. It resulted from the merger of the American Bowling Congress, Women's International Bowling Congress, Young American Bowling Alliance and USA Bowling. Today, USBC serves more than 2.6 million members.
On August 1, 2005, Oregon became the first state to merge it's bodies under the USBC. The OSUSBC is the state governing body for bowling in Oregon and is recognized by the United States Bowling Congress.
We strive to maintain the tradition of excellence in our sport established by those before us and like the USBC stand for values that include: credibility, dedication, excellence, heritage, inclusiveness, integrity, philanthropy and sportsmanship.
The Oregon State USBC is the state governing body for bowling. Our mission is to provide services, resources, and standards for the sport.
To be the leading authority to the sport servicing the needs of bowling.
Why should you join? Click the Member Rewards link below to find out!


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Elk Creek MetroPark Restoration Preview WeekendName: Elk Creek MetroPark Restoration Preview WeekendDate: October 14, 2017Time: 1:00 PM - 4:00 PM EDTWebsite: http://YourMetroParks.netEvent Description:Portions of the Meadow Ridge Area of Elk Creek MetroPark will be open to the public to view and learn more about the restoration work that has been occurring on the land. There will be opportunities to learn more about how this space will be used for future passive recreation use by park customer/owners. There will also be the chance to see first-hand examples of the projects currently underway to return the land to its natural state. One option to view the property will offer a ride around portions of the property. The second option is to walk in marked designated areas. Park Customer/Owners can take advantage of both if desired, time permitting.
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where can I download Night Life by Nancy A. Collins (Goodreads Author) pocket read italian tablet cheapwhere can I download Night Life by Nancy A. Collins (Goodreads Author) pocket read italian tablet cheap
Book description
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When vampire heiress Lilith Todd decides she wants a modeling career, she wont let her father stop her - even if he does threaten to cut off her credit cards.Liliths rival Cally Monture, is in a different kind of hot water. Her boyfriend, Peter, is a vampire hunter - a sexy, sensitive soul mate who just happens to be sworn to destroy her entire race.With the Rauhnacht Grand Ball fast approaching, both girls need the same things: a handsome escort and a dress to die for. But in a sea of shifting and dangerous loyalties, theres no telling who will betray them next.
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Richard with an 8 lb 6 oz Mega Weight Jig and Fork Craw lunker:
Tommy with another jig lunker, just under 7 lbs:
Les & Marvin with a couple good swimbait bass, including a "spotted" bass
Jim and Scott from Canada enjoyed the warm days and big Fork bass:
A couple big jig and Fork craw bass for me, including an 8 lb 9 oz beauty
Fishing has been inconsistent at Lake Fork this past week. When the deep bite has been on, fishing is good and we're catching mostly postspawn females in the 4 to 9 lb range. Other days, we're only finding a few small schools out deep and I've had to resort to shallow water fishing, where the bite has been sporadic at best. Flipping jigs and Texas rigs up shallow will produce some good bass but lower numbers, while weightless plastics often produce better numbers but mostly smaller fish. And on a few days, it was slow on just about everything. As we move out of the spawn and into postspawn and summertime patterns, fishing will stabilize and good fish will be caught on more predictable patterns. And once the summertime patterns get going, late May, June, and July is my 2nd most favorite time of the year, with big fish coming regularly on swimbaits, crankbaits, and Carolina rigs out deep and on jigs along deep weedlines.
I've also added a fishing articles section to my website, with monthly articles on techniques to help you catch bass on Fork or on most any other lake. You can check them out at http://www.lakeforkguidetrips.com/fishingarticles.htm .
Lake Conditions: Lake Fork's water level is the highest it has been in almost 2 years heading into summer, currently reading 401.91', about 1' 1" below full pool. With normal rains in May and June, Fork should be in great shape this summer with lots of newly flooded vegetation and deep grassbeds. Due to all of the vegetation, most of the lake is clear right now, although a few places are stained from runoff and wind. Water temps continue to rise, currently reading in the mid 70s to mid 80s.
Location Pattern: While almost all of the spawning has wrapped up, many bass are remaining shallow on spawning flats and chasing after bluegill, fry, and spawning shad in the ever expanding submerged and emergent weeds. For bigger females, fish slightly deeper structure such as points, creek channels, and ledges; any of which are in close proximity to spawning areas. Deep structure in 18' to 30' is where I've caught most of my big fish this week. Some days these bass are suspended and other days they're on the bottom, and most of these schools have been small, so watch your depth finder closely.
Presentation Pattern: First thing in the morning, frog baits like a Fork Frog in black neon or watermelon/red flake/pearl belly are working well some days. Cast these all the way to the bank and drag them across the newly flooded grass, then let them drop after coming across the mat. Other days, poppers are working better. For bass on the grass flats, 4.5" Live Magic Shads and regular Magic Shads are catching some bass. Rig these weightless on an Owner 4/0 or 5/0 Wide Gap Plus hook and try the watermelon red/pearl, watermelon seed/red flake, golden shiner, or Magic Shad colors. For bigger bass, pitch a 3/8 oz Mega Weight jig or a Texas rigged Flipper to holes in the grass and lily pads on flats or near stumps on points and creek channels. I'm using a green pumpkin/black or a watermelon seed jig with a watermelon/red flake Fork Craw trailer and a green pumpkin or watermelon/red flake Flipper on the Texas rig. Out deeper, ½ oz Mega Weight Jigs in black/blue with watermelon candy colored Fork Craw trailers or Texas rigged green pumpkin Twitch Worms are catching some really big bass from schools located on the bottom on deep structure. When the bass are suspended, swimbaits or deep diving crankbaits in shad or yellow bass patterns are working best and catching some lunkers too.
Lake Baccarac Update:
As in the past seasons, the May/June lunker period at Baccarac is producing once again! Check out the recent reports. Orlean Smith and his fishing partner Leo Osburn from OK on May 4th caught 10 fish over 10 pounds using topwater and swimbaits. Donny Harkey in Leo's group caught 2 over 13. Out of the 12 fishermen in Orlean's group, 20 fish over 10 where caught. In total, the lodge has added 36 more fish over 10 pounds to the trophy board this week. Stephen Jones, Executive V.P. of the Dallas Cowboys, caught a 12.4 the first 20 minutes on the water at Baccarac. Joe Hickman caught a 12.7. Pryor Blackwell caught 10.0 and the list goes on. There are still a few openings left for this season, while the fall and winter of 2007/2008 are booking very quickly. Anyone interested in fishing Baccarac next season should start finalizing their plans soon, as the lodge only holds 24 anglers and many of the premium dates are already booked solid. For more info on a trip to Baccarac, please check out my website: http://www.bigmexicobass.com .
Here's hoping you catch the lunker of your dreams. If I can be of assistance, please contact me at 214-683-9572 (days) or 972-635-6027 (evenings) or e-mail me through http://www.LakeForkGuideTrips.com , where your satisfaction is guaranteed.
Good Fishing,


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Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first NOLA.com user to add photos or videos of Smith G
Smith G is located in Harvey, LA. This location is in the Algiers Point neighborhood. This business specializes in Truck Rentals.
Smith G can be found at Vallette St 445. The following is offered: Charter Buses. The entry is present with us since Sep 7, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 12, 2013. In New Orleans there are 9 other Charter Buses. An overview can be found here.


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ABBOTTSTOWN, Pa.– The Big Red men's golf team currently sits in third place out of 17 teams after day one of the Mason-Dixon Collegiate Classic at The Bridges Golf Club. Denison posted a team score of 316 in the first round, only 10 strokes behind the host, McDaniel College, who finished Saturday's showing with a 306.
Leading the way for DU, sophomore Christian Early posted a first round 76 that currently puts him in a tie for fifth place. Nick Brodbeck finished the first round in a tie for 18th with a 79, while Connor Holleran wrapped up his first 18 holes with an 80, tying for 23rd overall.
Freshman Charlie Winkler finished only one stroke back of Holleran with a score of 81, while Robbie Whitman rounded out the team scoring with an 86.
Denison will return to The Bridges on Sunday, Oct. 1 for the final round of the Mason-Dixon Collegiate Classic.


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Denial of Service (DoS) is a cyber-attack on an individual Computer or Website with intent to deny services to intended users.Their purpose is to disrupt an organization's network operations by denying access to its users.Denial of service is typically accomplished by flooding the targeted machine or resource with surplus requests in an attempt to overload systems and prevent some or all legitimate requests from being fulfilled.
For example, if a bank website can handle 10 people a second clicking the Login button, an attacker only has to send 10 fake requests per second to make it so no legitimate users can login.
DoS attacks exploit various weaknesses in computer network technologies. They may target servers, network routers, or network communication links. They can cause computers and routers to crash and links to bog down.
The most famous DoS technique is Ping of Death. The Ping of Death attack works by generating and sending special network messages (specifically, ICMP packets of non-standard sizes) that cause problems for systems that receive them. In the early days of the Web, this attack could cause unprotected Internet servers to crash quickly.
It is strongly recommended to try all described activity on virtual machines rather than your working environment
Following is the command for performing flooding of request on an IP
ping ip_address –t -65500
- "ping" sends the data packets to the victim.
- "ip_address" is the IP address of the victim.
- "-t" means the data packets should be sent until the program is stopped.
- "-l(65500)" specifies the data load to be sent to the victim.
Other basic types of DoS attacks involve
- Flooding a network with useless activity so that genuine traffic cannot get through. The TCP/IP SYN and smurf attacks are two common examples.
- Remotely overloading a system's CPU so that valid requests cannot be processed.
- Changing permissions or breaking authorization logic to prevent users from logging into a system. One common example involves triggering a rapid series of false login attempts that lock out accounts from being able to log in.
- Deleting or interfering with specific critical applications or services to prevent their normal operation (even if the system and network overall are functional).
Another variant of the DoS is the Smurf_attack. This involves emails with automatic responses. If someone emails hundreds of email messages with a fake return email address to hundreds of people in an organization with an autoresponder on in their email, the initial sent messages can become thousands sent to the fake email address. If that fake email address actually belongs to someone, this can overwhelm that person's account.
DoS attacks can cause the following problems:
- Ineffective services
- Inaccessible services
- Interruption of network traffic
- Connection interference
Following is the python script for performing denial of service attack for small website which didn't expect so much socket connection
# Please note that running this code might # cause your IP blocked by server. And purpose # of this code is only learning. import socket, sys, os print "][ Attacking " + sys.argv[1] + " ... ][" print "injecting " + sys.argv[2]; def attack(): #pid = os.fork() s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.connect((sys.argv[1], 80)) print ">> GET /" + sys.argv[2] + " HTTP/1.1" s.send("GET /" + sys.argv[2] + " HTTP/1.1\r\n") s.send("Host: " + sys.argv[1] + "\r\n\r\n"); s.close() # Driver code for i in range(1, 1000): attack()
We can use above code as
python ddos.py target_ip_address apache
Given that Denial of Service (DoS) attacks are becoming more frequent, it is a good time to review the basics and how we can fight back.
- Cloud Mitigation Provider – Cloud mitigation providers are experts at providing DDoS mitigation from the cloud. This means they have built out massive amounts of network bandwidth and DDoS mitigation capacity at multiple sites around the Internet that can take in any type of network traffic, whether you use multiple ISP's, your own data center or any number of cloud providers. They can scrub the traffic for you and only send "clean" traffic to your data center.
- Firewall – This is the simplest and least effective method. Generally someone writes some Python scripts that try to filter out the bad traffic or an enterprise will try and use its existing firewalls to block the traffic
- Internet Service Provider (ISP) – Some enterprises use their ISP to provide DDoS mitigation. These ISP's have more bandwidth than an enterprise would, which can help with the large volumetric attacks
To safeguard from these attack you have to apply secure coding and design strong architecture which can prevent these kind of attacks and update day-to-day solution to bug of your website.
This article is contributed by Akash Sharan. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to email@example.com. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks.
Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.
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In this video you will see Chathura Senarathne join with Neth Fm Unlimited radio program. Chathura Senarathne said lot of stories in this program. Chathura Senarathne is most famous person in sri lanka these days. because of his some statements. Watch this video and think his statements true nor false.
Chathura Senarathne was born in 20th of February 1982. Currently, Chathura Senarathne is a Sri Lankan politician and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Chathura received his education at Ananda College in Colombo and he admitted to the University of Colombo to study for a degree in medicine in 2004. Chathura Senarathne Born to politician Dr Rajitha Senaratne and his wife Sujatha Senaratne.


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Sabre's AI chatbot to service agents
Travel technology leader, Sabre Corporation, is in the process of developing an artificial intelligence (AI) powered chatbot that would help travel agencies serve travellers better and faster by fulfilling their most common service and support requests wi
Sabre Corporation recently announced that it is working towards developing an artificial intelligence (AI) powered chatbot which will help the travel professionals to let all their customers' simple queries and requests be answered by technology and keep the bigger and complex issues of their customers for themselves. Sabre will initially test the chatbot with two travel agencies and the travellers they serve.
Mark McSpadden, Vice President – Emerging Technology and Products, Sabre Corporation, says, "Travellers want technology to deliver a more seamless experience, especially when managing on-the-go changes and disruptions. So, together with Microsoft and our agency partners, we are exploring how AI and chatbots can provide travellers with the selfservice solutions they want for routine requests while helping travel agencies provide personal service to customers for more complex needs."
One of the key challenges in human-computer interactions is the ability of computers to understand what people want and find relevant information that connects to their intent. On top of that, travel applications must recognise a plethora of unique terms and phrases that add complexity for industry applications. While developing this chatbot, Sabre is leveraging Microsoft Bot Framework and a selection of Microsoft Cognitive Services, including Language Understanding Intelligent Service (LUIS), which provides simple tools to build conversational language models that allow any application or bot to understand user commands and act accordingly.
"Intelligent technologies, like chatbots, are augmenting the way companies are able to interact with their customers," says Lili Cheng, Corporate Vice President, AI and Research, Microsoft. "Sabre's chatbot is another great example of how AI can be applied to help extend business capabilities and improve satisfaction of travellers." Two Sabre-connected travel agencies – Dallasbased Travel Solutions International USA and San Francisco-based Casto Travel – will test a white-label version of the chatbot with their travellers, who will access the chatbot via Facebook Messenger. Travellers will use the chatbot for common service and support requests, such as changing an existing flight reservation. The chatbot will divert to a live travel agent if it is unable to fulfil a request. "Travellers are eager to find ways to save time when handling travel logistics," noted Claire
LeBuhn, Vice President, Support Services, TSI USA.
"TSI is committed to evaluating new touchpoints and communication channels to better serve our corporate customers and their busy employees. We are also interested to explore emerging technologies that can help us improve the efficiency and satisfaction of our travel agents. By handling frequently asked basic support requests, the bot will free up our agents to focus on more complex, valueadded interactions with travellers. We look forward to testing the chatbot and gaining a better understanding of how it can drive value for our corporate customers and for TSI."
Throughout the test, Sabre and its partner travel agencies will evaluate travellers' preferences pertaining to how frequently they engage the chatbot and when they divert to a live agent. This is not Sabre's first foray into chatbots. Sabre Hospitality Solutions is also building a chatbot that would allow travellers to shop, book and engage with hoteliers through the most common messaging platforms, such as Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Twitter and SMS.
Mark McSpadden demonstrating Sabre AI agency chatbot at Microsoft event


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A unique network promoting solar thermal energy has developed in the USA: The Utility Solar Water Heating Initiative (USH2O) launched in 1994 offers utilities, as well as companies related to the solar thermal sector, the opportunity of concerted advocacy initiatives, and exchanging knowledge and experiences. The aim of USH2O is to facilitate the successful implementation of utility solar water heating programmes and educate stakeholders about the potential of solar heating and cooling technologies.
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This report was a joint effort from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Sacramento Municipal Utility District, prepared for the American Solar Energy Society at the Solar 1995 Conference. This report has equations to use to calculate solar loop gain and tank losses. Analysis is based upon the tank energy balance – identifying solar gain during the day and tank losses at night. These gains and losses can be compared to expectations based upon prior knowledge and estimated weather conditions.
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The Spectos Performance Management Suite supports organizations in monitoring and managing myriad communication channels through the implementation of innovative mobile and cloud-based technology, providing companies with completely new opportunities to gather feedback directly from the soruce and put it to immediate use.
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Reported by Claire Hosmann - bio|email
Posted by Debra Worley - email
(WECT) - A club on South Beach in Miami looks like a place you'd go to drink and dance, but in fact it's a place to work out.
The funky setting, vibrating with techno beats is reminiscent of a night club, but the gym goers mean business.
The chic atmosphere is enough to captivate the eyes and inspire you to take your workout to another level. There are cardio classes that include pilates, spinning classes, and boxing.
Many say it's a premium gym that's become all the rage with a slogan that will have you "look better naked."


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I don't know if it's because black goes with everything, or it looks tough, or what, but black is definitely the color choice for character names. Settle back and enjoy this extra-long list...
Black Bolt
This silent leader of the Inhumans and member of the Illuminati has been around since the 60's. His slightest whisper can obliterate mountains. And yet he doesn't shoot any kind of bolts, nor are any of his powers black. So where'd he get the name?
Relegated pretty much to guest-star status in most comics after a very brief dual-branded comic title in the 60's, Black Bolt led the Inhumans for years as they protected themselves from one attack after another. Even moving to the moon didn't save them.
In the recent "War of Kings" storyline, Black Bolt was killed. His wife, Medusa, now rules in his stead. You and I both know he's coming back at some point in the future though.
Black Panther
This character made it onto one of my earlier lists as one of those pretty-much useless guys who can't carry a title for squat. Still, he deserves a place on the list. He was an Avenger, after all.
Formerly the ruling king of Wakanda, he now patrols Hell's Kitchen for Daredevil while Matt's off getting his mind straight. After that, he'll disappear again for a while until some other writer thinks, "Hey, who could we bring into this title so we can sell two or three extra copies?"
Black Canary
The eternal girlfriend of Green Arrow, this lady is one tough woman. She's an expert hand-to-hand fighter, and even though she's no Black Bolt, when she screams at you, you know you've been screamed at!
Dinah took over the role of Black Canary from her mother. Her past is pretty much crazy to try and follow, and her relationship with Green Arrow is equally frustrating (she even made out with Batman in the "All Star Batman and Robin" series). For now though, she's been an active member of the Birds of Prey since their inception and even pops up on "Smallville" every once in a while.
Black Goliath
Seen here fighting the most fearsome of all Marvel villains, Stilt Man, Black Goliath was a character who never really took off in the 70's.
He got his ability to grow from Hank Pym, and made a lot of guest appearances in the 70's in comics like The Champions and others. It wouldn't be until the 80's that he would get a necessary reboot and a new name (as Giant Man).
His death during the Civil War storyline was the catalyst for the support momentum turning to Captain America's team over Iron Man's. Now he's on his way back thanks to Hank Pym and Ant Man.
Black Lightning
Another 70's hero who never took off no matter how hard they tried, Jefferson Pierce finally found footing as a member of the Batman and the Outsiders. He stuck around for the whole run of the original title.
Much later, Pierce would become a member of President Luthor's cabinet and a trusted adviser. He considered himself undercover trying to help the heroes, but the position did lead him to a showdown with Batman and Superman in the "Public Enemies" storyline (and cartoon!). He lost.
Black Manta
Aquaman's arch-enemy and constant foil, this villain has resurfaced (ha! Get it?) recently thanks to his son becoming the new Aqualad.
Initially, he started out as the standard bad guy that Aquaman would have to face. When the 70's brought us the cartoon "The Challenge of the Superfriends", Manta managed to beat out Ocean Master to be the resident "water guy" for Lex Luthor's Legion of Doom.
As they do with all characters today, DC brought him back as a darker version of himself now, killing without remorse and out to destroy Aquaman (again) in Brightest Day.
Black Beetle
This mysterious villain has been in and out of the Booster Gold comics for a long time. His identity and true motivations remain an enigma for now.
Initially, he presented himself as a hero from the future out to save Ted Kord by reuniting all the Blue Beetles, but that was just a lie. He fought the newest Blue Beetle and attempted to convince him that he was a future version of himself, but I highly doubt that. More likely he will probably be revealed as either some multiple universe version of Ted Kord or Dan Garrett (the first Blue Beetle).
Black Knight
Dane Whitman is the latest man to hold the title (after his uncle was a villain named "Black Knight"). He's had a pretty eventful life for a guy with no superpowers other than his ebony blade.
He was a member of the Avengers for years, holding many roles. Throughout their many cosmic adventures he was able to hold his own. Not as smart as Hank Pym (who is?), he is still a brilliant tactician and scientist. Just recently he joined MI-13 with Captain Britain.
Black Adam
This "black sheep" (ha! Get it!) of the Shazam family has a twisted history. He was a hero in ancient Egypt who became a villain...who became a member of the JSA before becoming a tyrannical ruler of his own nation again...then a bad guy...then a anti-hero...now, who knows?
He's been able to hold his own against Superman thanks to his magic-based abilities, but he has a mean streak that you wouldn't like to be around. This is the guy who started off the "52" maxi-series by ripping a guy in half (long before Sentry thought of doing that to Ares).
Black Hand
A pretty much obscure Green Lantern villain, Black Hand somehow became the key player in the "Blackest Night" miniseries. Geoff Johns was able to take a character who never really got much respect and turned him into a major hitter for a little while. The most interesting turn is where he is now in the stories (a Purple Lantern controlled by love...at least he is at the time I'm writing this).
He definitely wins as the most painful moment in the "Green Lantern:Rebirth" miniseries. While trying to steal a GL ring and being stopped by Green Arrow, Hal Jordan shows up as the Spectre to punish him for his sins. The punishment: his right hand is turned to coal and crumbles off so he becomes his name sake...a black hand. Ouch!
Honorable Mention: Obsidian
Another tragic hero-turned-villain, Obsidian is Jade's brother and the son of Alan Scott, the original Green Lantern. He found his way to Infinity Inc with Jade, but eventually the dark side of his powers became too much for him to deal with.
After a brief stint as a villain, he's now pretty much an ambiguous figure in the DC world. He does have an awesome action figure out now though!
Next week, we look at the leftovers. We'll take a look at all the colors who just had a couple of guys in there and didn't warrant an entire list of their own. White, yellow, orange, purple, and the rest are waiting for their turn!
Monday, February 21, 2011
Heroes and Villains of the Spectrum - Black
Posted by Brian Reaves at 2:27 AM
Labels: Comic Nostalgia, Costumes, Deaths, JLA, The Avengers
3 comments:
Don't forget about Black Mask, one of Batman's rogues! He tangled with Jason ("Red Hood") Todd, and killed Stephanie ("Spoiler") Brown, though of course she later turns out to have faked her death. He turns Gotham against Batman for a while. A pretty wicked adversary (though he's eventually killed by Catwoman). Recently there was another Black Mask, who turned out to be Jeremy Arkham, head honcho at Arkham Asylum.
Dr. OTR
- February 23, 2011 at 12:56 PM
- Brian Reaves said...
Thanks, Doc! I forgot all about him!
- February 23, 2011 at 1:20 PM
Doh! Just remembered the Black Terror!! Never heard of him until Dynamite's Project Superpowers (which made him interesting, but not interesting enough for me to keep buying the comic).
Dr. OTR
- March 3, 2011 at 2:32 PM
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In January, the CEO of genome-sequencing company Illumina, Jay Flatley, made a stunning announcement at the J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference in San Francisco. Introducing his firm's new flagship DNA-sequencing instrument, Flatley declared that this machine would finally deliver the much-ballyhooed "$1,000 genome."
Few observers were more astonished than I. In my book The $1,000 Genome, published in late 2010, I chronicled the plummeting cost of sequencing the 3 billion building blocks of DNA that make up the human genome. I imagined we would reach the $1,000 genome in a few years, but not quite so soon.
The "$1,000 genome" catchphrase was coined back in 2001, the same year that two teams published the first drafts of the human genome sequence, an event hailed by presidents and prime ministers as a historical landmark akin to the Apollo moon landing. But those first drafts had taken a decade and cost between $2 billion and $3 billion. Future progress in medicine would require a revolution in DNA sequencing akin to breakthroughs in the computer industry.
Fortunately, a few brilliant scientists were already devising exciting new methods to read the sequence of our genetic code. In 2007, the founder of 454 Life Sciences, Jonathan Rothberg, presented Nobel laureate James "Double Helix" Watson with his complete genome on a DVD. Even though Rothberg said "Project Jim" had cost $1 million, the effort marked the first time that an individual had been presented with his or her personal genome. Watson agreed to release his entire genome to the public, with the exception of a single gene on chromosome 19 called APOE, variants of which are associated with Alzheimer's disease risk.
But 454's days were numbered. After Illumina acquired a British outfit called Solexa in 2007, it steadily strengthened its grip on the sequencing market. This year already, half a dozen organizations have giddily forked over the $10 million for Illumina's newest machines, capable of sequencing more than 150 human genomes in just three days.
Genome sequencing has been transforming clinical medicine since 2009, when Wisconsin geneticist Howard Jacob was asked by a colleague to sequence the genome of a very sick little boy, 4-year-old Nic Volker, who had a mystery autoimmune condition. The sequencing identified a critical mutation that ended Nic's diagnostic odyssey and more than 100 fruitless surgeries, gave his doctors the rationale to conduct a bone marrow transplant, and probably saved his life. As Jacob's team continues to sequence the genomes of patients with undiagnosed disorders, several health insurance companies have accepted the economic benefits of genome sequencing and are covering the costs.
Many other medical centers are following suit, including Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, where Christine Eng and colleagues have sequenced the genomes of more than 2,000 patients with suspected genetic disorders, reporting (in a 2013 article in the New England Journal of Medicine) a success rate of about 1 in 4.
The sequencing revolution is being felt in other areas, too: Noninvasive testing of fetal DNA in the mother's blood can detect Down syndrome; preimplantation diagnosis can screen IVF embryos for more than 2,000 genetic disorders; and one company, GenePeeks, plans to transform screening at sperm banks by analyzing "virtual" progeny between client and donors. Tumor profiling — identifying mutations in individual tumors and matching the appropriate therapeutic — is taking off. And we haven't even begun to discuss the impact on microbial sequencing, in areas from food safety to emerging diseases and the microbiome (the microbial ecosystem that lives inside our gut and on our skin and that appears to play a crucial role in human health).
As medical doctors prepare to accept the $1,000 genome, it is the "$1 million interpretation" that scares them — in other words, the challenges of interpreting the data (including expertise and IT systems), integrating genome data into electronic medical records, educating physicians lost in the language of DNA, and balancing the benefits of full disclosure versus a patient's right to privacy.
Beyond the $1,000 Genome
The warm reception to Illumina's $1,000 genome announcement is, in part, because Flatley's calculation doesn't just cover the cost of chemicals but also instrument depreciation (over four years), labor, and sample preparation. What it does not include, however, are electricity — which could be useful! — and the cost of storing all that data. Of course, if you can afford $10 million for a new sequencing setup, you must already have a fairly sophisticated data center.
For an individual interested in a full sequence, a good place to start is Illumina's Understanding Your Genome conference. For $5,000, attendees receive their full personal genome presented on a new iPad. Meanwhile, a Belgian startup called Gentle offers personal exome sequencing for about $2,000, with the test ordered through a physician.
Can anyone dethrone Illumina? Not for a while, although one potential threat is British company Oxford Nanopore Technologies. This firm is commercializing the sequencing of DNA using bacterial proteins called nanopores, which are shaped like ring doughnuts. In February, researchers got their first glimpse of data generated by Oxford Nanopore: The sequence of a bacterial DNA molecule was deduced without expensive lasers or cameras, just by measuring the electrical current fluctuations as the DNA strand was threaded through the pore. What makes this especially remarkable is that Oxford's instrument, the MinION, is slimmer than an iPhone and plugs directly into a laptop via a USB cord. I like to carry a prototype around in my jacket pocket just to impress people.
The nanopore system has a long way to go, but regardless of which company drives the market from here on, the future seems clear: DNA sequencing will become cheaper, faster, and more accurate in the coming years. In the words of Johns Hopkins medical geneticist David Valle, personalized medicine will someday be summed up as: "Sequence once, read often."


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School of English
Professor John Whale
Professor of Romantic Literature
+44 (0)113 343 4763
Summary: Romantic Literature, British responses to the French Revolution; literary aesthetics and politics in the Romantic period. Contemporary English poetry.
Location: 10 Cavendish Road
Research Interests
My research has focused on the interface of literary aesthetics and politics in the Romantic period. British responses to the French Revolution have been a central concern and, like many other Romanticists, my work in the late 1980s and early nineties was considerably influenced by the bicentenary of the French Revolution. In my case, this meant reassessing the response of British writers to events across the Channel in France and in particular focusing on the role the creative faculty of the mind - the imagination - could play in political argument. I have also been concerned to widen the scope of critical activity in the period. In 1992, I co-edited Beyond Romanticism with Stephen Copley, a collection of essays by young British Romanticists at a significant turning-point in the study of Romanticism.
In my first book, Thomas De Quincey's Reluctant Autobiography, I considered Romantic writings in relationship to their magazine context. At that early stage of my career, I was interested in challenging the isolated purity of a Romantic aesthetic which often divorced writing from its social and political contexts. I was particularly interested in the correlation between reluctance or recalcitrance and Romantic vision i.e. how vision proceeds from difficulty or pressure.
William Hazlitt was the subject of my first sustained research after my work on De Quincey and provided me with my first insight into the complex way in which the aesthetic carried ideological baggage along with it. Hazlitt's admiration for Burke began a long-standing enquiry into the relationship between politics and aesthetics in Romantic prose. This culminated in the publication of Imagination Under Pressure: Politics, Aesthetics, and Utility 1789-1832 (CUP 2000) and in a collection of essays on Burke's Reflections for Manchester University Press's Texts in Culture series in the same year.
My more recent work has taken a new direction: Romantic masculinities. For example, my book on John Keats for Palgrave's Critical Issues series (2005) focuses on gender and sexuality. This strand of research grew from my interest in the autobiographical subject and the nature of male confession, but has now developed to include a historiography of boxing in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, a topic which has been a prominent feature of my conference presentations and guest lectures over the last five years.At the moment, then, I am working on Romantic period pugilism in relation to masculinity and national identity and have also begun research into the literary culture of Romantic period Liverpool, my home town, where I have a particular interest in William Roscoe and his circle.
I was Co-Investigator (with Dr David Higgins as Principal Investigator) of an AHRC-funded Research Network entitled 'Creative Communities, 1750-1830', which nvolved three workshops and related activities between 2013 and 2014. This developed previous work with colleagues at Leeds on the Creativity Project, which aimed to find ways of moving beyond concepts of genius, inspiration, and originality, and towards thinking about literary creativity in terms of collaboration, connection, and development. It comprised an international conference, Contesting Creativity, 1740-1830, a series of research seminars, and a special issue of the Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, which I co-edited with Dr Higgins.
I also have a long-standing interest in contemporary English poetry. I am a poet and I also co-edit Stand magazine. My first collection, Waterloo Teeth, was published by Carcanet in 2010 and was shortlisted for the Forward Best First Collection Prize in 2011; my second, Frieze, was published at the end of September 2013 by Carcanet.I have supervised PhDs on a wide variety of authors and topics, including: autobiography, women writers of the 1790s, poetry and the politics of landscape, cosmopolitanism, Godwin, William Wordsworth, Lamb, Byron, Mary Shelley, Percy Shelley, Keats, Geoffrey Hill, and Tony Harrison. I would be delighted to hear from PhD candidates intending to work on any of these or related topics in the Romantic period or contemporary English poetry.
Recent Publications
- 'Writing Fighting/ Fighting Writing: Jon Badcock and the Conflicted Nature of Sports Journalism in the Regency,' in Sporting Cultures, 1650-1850 ed. Daniel O'Quinn and Alex Tadie (Toronto, Buffalo, and London: University of Toronto Press, 2018), pp. 179-95.
- 'Tony Harrison: The Making of a Post-War English Poet', English Studies, 99:1, (January, 2018), 6-18.
- 'A Literary Studies Perspective: Creative Communities 1750-1830', (co-authored with David Higgins and Cassandra Ulph), in Vlad Petre Glaveannu (ed.) The Palgrave Handbook of Creativity and Culture Research, (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017), pp. 681-699.
- Frieze (Carcanet, 2013), 64pp.
- 'Hazlitt, Modernity, and the Workings of Spirit', The Hazlitt Review, 5 (2012), 41-54.
- '"Imperfect Sympathies": the Early Nineteenth-century Formation of Responses to Black Fighters in Britain', Moving Worlds, 12:1 (2012), 5-18.
- ' Real Life in the London Magazine: Pugilism and Literature in the 1820s', Sport in History, 31:4 (December 2011), 381-397.
- Co-editor with David Higgins, 'Contesting Creativity', special issue of The Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 34:2 (2011).
- Waterloo Teeth (Carcanet, 2010), 64pp.
- Liber Amoris: Unmanning the Man of Letters, Nineteenth-Century Prose, 36:1 (Spring 2009), 55-76.
- Resonant Images and Staunch Imaginings: Scientific Knowledges in the Recent Poetry of Jon Glover and Jeffrey Wainwright, PN Review, 187 (2009), 48-50.
- Accounting for the Life of Paul Cuffe, Moving Worlds, 9:2 (2009), 9-18.
- Daniel Mendozas Contests of Identity: Masculinity, Ethnicity and Nation in Georgian Prize-fighting, Romanticism, (2008), 159-171.
Recent Activities
Director of the University of Leeds Poetry Centre 2017.
Head of the School of English, 2011-2016.
External Reviewer, Periodic Review of the School of English and Drama, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015.
Australian Research Council (ARC) Panel Reviewer, 2007-.
- Member of the Executive, British Association for Romantic Studies (BARS), 1992-2011.
- External Examiner, undergraduate programmes in English, University of Glasgow, 2008-12.
Conference Activity etc.
Poetry Reading, 'Finding the Words' Series, York Library, November 2017.
Workshop Leader, 'PeaceJam', Leeds Trinity University, November 2017.
'Branwell Bronte and Writing Under the Influence,' invited panellist, Ilkley Playhouse, Ilkley Festival, September 2017.
'Answering for Myself: Hazlitt and Identity', invited lecture, Hazlitt Day School, University College London, September 2017.
'Poetry & Birding: Creative Writing Workshop', RSPB Old Moor, as part of the Ted Hughes Festival, May 2017.
Judging Panel, 'Voices of a New Generation Slam', Leeds Young Authors, Courtyard Theatre, West Yorkshire Playhouse, 27 June 2017.
'Tony Harrison: The Making of a Poet', invited speaker, Postgraduate Research Seminar, Queen Mary, University of London, February 2017.
Poetry Reading, University of Sheffield, November 2016.
'Ken Smith: A Case Study', Small Press Printing/Printing at Leeds, Sadler Series: Cultures of the Book, University of Leeds, October 2015.
'The Culture of Eighteenth-century Pugilism', The Culture of Sport in the Eighteenth Century Panel, ASECS Annual Conference, Los Angeles, California, USA, March 2015.
'Fighting Writing/Writing Fighting', plenary paper, Sport and Physical Culture Conference, De Montfort University, 10 and 11 April 2014.
- 'Writing Fighting: Pugilism and Aesthetics, 1785-1830', invited speaker, Sporting Life: An Interdisciplinary Symposium on the Cultures of Sport in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, Universite Paris Sorbonne, Paris, FRANCE, March 2014.
Contemporary English Poetry
Romantic Narratives
MA Romantic Identities


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Life on the Funny Farm
- Chicken-Scratch-Saturday: Family Tree Skirt Sat, Dec 1, 2012 9:30am
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The State Council urged government authorities at various levels to implement preferential tax policies — and other preferential policies — in a timely manner.
A circular issued on May 11 required that policies already approved by the State Council should be implemented, and those formulated by local governments and ministries should be implemented before the designated deadline.
The circular aimed to clarify guidelines issued in December asking local governments to assess and eliminate various incentives offered to companies.
A period of transition will be established for local authorities to implement preferential policies with no specific deadline, the circular said.
China will honor tax breaks and other incentives granted to companies in existing contracts with Chinese cities and provinces, and will adopt the principle of non-retroactivity regarding contracts that have already been fulfilled, it said.
The circular also requested that new preferential tax policies drafted by local authorities should be approved by the State Council before implementation.


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David Nakhid missed out on the chance to replace Sepp Blatter as FIFA president due to a lack of support, the organisation has confirmed.
The former Trinidad and Tobago international stated prior to Monday's deadline that he had the backing of five federations and would stand to replace the Swiss as head of world football's governing body.
However, Nakhid was not on the list of candidates confirmed by FIFA on Wednesday.
"One of the five declarations of support for Mr Nakhid was declared invalid as the same member association had previously issued a declaration of support for another candidate," said a FIFA spokesperson.
"In view of this, the Ad-hoc Electoral Committee decided not to consider Mr Nakhid's application as it did not fulfil the required five declarations of support."
Suspended UEFA president Michel Platini is on the list although his candidature will not be formally approved while his ban remains in place.
The Frenchman is currently banned for 90 days along with Blatter in relation to an alleged "disloyal payment" Platini received from FIFA in 2011.
Both men deny wrongdoing and have appealed the decisions.
Prince Ali Bin Al Hussein, Musa Bility, Jerome Champagne, Gianni Infantino, Sheikh Salman bin Ebrahim Al Khalifa and Tokyo Sexwale are the other confirmed candidates ahead of elections at FIFA's Extraordinary Congress in February next year.
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International Journal of Aquatic Biology (IJAB) is an open access, peer-reviewed academic journal published by Iranian Society of Ichthyology in collaboration with the Staff of Fisheries Department of the University of Tehran. IJAB publishes original research articles, high quality reviews and technical notes/short communication covering all aspects of biology of organisms living in marine and fresh waters. The main emphasis of IJAB lies in experimental work, both from the laboratory and the field. All members of the IJAB's scientific board are from well-known universities and research institutes to ensure high-quality publications. Manuscripts are processed using an online system, ensuring efficient and timely evaluations.
- Type of Journal: Academic/Scholarly
- Format: Print & Online
- ISSN: 2322-5270 (Print) and 2383-0956 (Online)
- DOI: 10.7508/ijab.
- Frequency: Bimonthly
- Publication Dates: February, April, June, August, October and December.
- Language: English
- Article Processing Charges: No
- Indexed and Abstracted: Yes
- Review Time: 8-12 weeks approximately
- Contact and Submission e-mail: email@example.com
Biology, ecology, physiology, biochemistry and genetics of all aquatic organisms under laboratory and field conditions.
- Freshwater and marine biology, including life history, evolution, biodiversity, biogeography, population genetics, invasive species, taxonomy
- Ichthyology (morphology, taxonomy and new description of fish species, biogeography, biodiversity, conservation, ecology and general biology of fishes)
- Limnology
- Oceanography
- Stock assessment and population dynamics
- Ecotoxicology
- Aquatic environmental management, protection and conservation of living aquatic resources
- Aquatic ecology
- Aquaculture
Open access:
All articles published by IJAB are freely accessible online immediately upon publication. There is no page charge for publishing in IJAB.
Reviewing process:
The submitted articles will be peer-reviewed with three anonymous referees. Authors are encouraged to suggest four potential reviewers, however, the editorial board of IJAB has the right to accept or reject the suggested referees. The accepted articles may be subjected to further editing by the journal editorial staff before online publishing.
Certificated by:
Ministry of Cultural and Islamic Guidance, I. R. Iran, No: 93/676; 8 April 2014
Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, I. R. Iran, and was accredited as a scientific and research journal in 2014.
Abstracted/Indexed in:
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Vol 6, No 2 (2018): April
Table of Contents
Protective effects of prebiotic in zebrafish, Danio rerio, under experimental exposure to Chlorpyrifos
Samira Yousefi, Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
Evaluation of toxicity and biochemical effects of the Oxadiargyl in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
Hossein Emadi, Somayeh Shariatzadeh, Shahla Jamili, Ali Mashinchian
Cicero Diogo Lins Oliveira, Ana Maria Siqueira Quirino, Erasmo Andrade da Silva, Elvira Florentino Costa, Dejinalva da Silva Santos, Anastácia Novais Carvalho Menezes, Mauro de Melo Junior, Francisco Marcante Santa da Silva
Length-weight, Condition factor and gonadosomatic index of blackspot snapper Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskal, 1775) (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) in the northern Persian Gulf
Alireza Razi, Ahmad Noori
Histological description of the larval development of Brycon gouldingi Lima, 2004 (Teleostei, Characidae)
Francine Faustino, Lilian Cristina Makino, Erika Neumann, Laura Satiko Okada Nakaghi
The effects of zinc-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the growth and mineral composition of marine rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis
Kaveh Nematzadeh, Nasrollah Ahmadifard, Naser Samadi, Naser Agh, Sirwe Ghaderpour
Louise Cristina Gomes, Pitágoras Augusto Piana, Diesse Aparecida de Oliveira Sereia
The effects of different grain sources on gut evacuation rate and nutrient digestibility in common carp, Cyprinus carpio
Zahra Mazahery Tehrany, Abdalsamad Keramat Amirkolaie, Hossein Oraji


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So I started my last period April 16th and it ended April 21st. On April 22nd my husband and I had an oopsy so i took plan b first thing on April 23rd. A few days later I started bleeding pretty heavy like a real period for about 3-4 days. As of today i took plan B more than 4 weeks ago and I still haven't had my period. I have taken 2 prego tests and they were both negative. I can't stop stressing out.
My husband and I had a oopsy the day after my last period and the next morning I took plan B?
- Asked
- 24 May 2016 by kp21
- Updated
- 25 May 2016
- Topics
- plan b, emergency contraception, period, bleeding
Responses (1)
Ok! I just kept reading of your period hasn't came 3 weeks after taking plan b then go to the doctor! But I figured it was the plan b. Thank you!
You're very welcome. Even if the Plan B hadn't worked, & you had conceived, it's unlikely that a pregnancy would have survived a heavy bleed, so I don't think you are pregnant. Do a test to put your mind at rest, but I can tell you from personal experience that what you're experiencing is very normal when using Plan B. It's a huge dose of artificial hormone & it can take a while for your body to readjust.
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- Plan B Information for Healthcare Professionals (includes dosage details)
- Side Effects of Plan B (detailed)
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Review of Roaring River State Park Campground in Cassville, Missouri
April 2015 – 5 Nights
May 2010 – 2 Nights
The park is very large with three main camping areas and the atmosphere can be quite different depending on the loop that you camp in. We've camped in loop 2 and loop 1. I definitely prefer loop 1, where we stayed on site 36. The park is set up in the hills of southeast Missouri with the trout stream running through camp loops 2 and 3. You are surrounded by hills in most cases. Loop 1 is a single road that runs along a small creek with a hill across the creek and a steep cliff on the other side. On our first visit, we stayed on campsite 98 in loop 2, which is right across from the fishing stream. Our camping area was mostly open, with the perimeter of the loop surrounded by trees, with the trout stream on one side and the hills on the other side.
Campsite Spacing
We had quite a bit of space between campsites on both of our visits. The kids had plenty of space to play and kick a soccer ball around. This is not the same for sites across the entire park though. The loop 3 electric sites are the most packed and I believe are non reservable. Loop 1 and 2 tend to have the most space between sites.
Campsite Quality
Campsite quality was good. Most campsites were older, paved back-in sites with grassy areas around them. We did have a fire ring, picnic table and lantern pole. On our second trip, we had a really nice picnic table with a pavilion roof built over it. Our site was also very level.
There is no mountain biking in the park, but Hobbs State Park and Slaughter Pen Trails in Arkansas are both within an hour drive.
There is some really nice family hiking trails at this park. Expect some elevation as they are in the hills, but the trails are well maintained. We still have a few of the trails left to cover on another trip. If you only do one short hike, I highly recommend the hike to the overlook of the trout rearing station.
There are no boating areas at the park, but I do believe you can float the stream past the park area.
Fishing is great. The park is set up for trout fishing and has a variety of areas along the stream to accommodate all types of fishermen from young kids to veterans. I am still learning how to fly fish, but still had good luck at this park. I've heard that most trout parks can be quite crowded, but I was able to fish first thing in the morning in the fly section and did not have much pressure from other fishermen. There are a variety of sections for fishing depending on what type of equipment you are using or if you like to wade or not. Other fishermen were very friendly and willing to offer advice. A few fishermen even handed their pole to my kids to reel their fish in for them. If you are new to trout fishing, this is a great park to go and get things figured out. The fishing areas are large, feel fairly natural and you will catch fish.
Our site was very large with plenty of area for kids to play and run around. Kids could ride their bikes in the loop you are in, but you have to go out on the main highway to get to the other campground loops. There are no playgrounds within the camping loops themselves, but there are two large day-use areas that have nice play areas for the kids. This is overall a great park to take your family to and we'll most likely go back again. My kids had a blast.
Overall Comments
We really had a great time here. I highly recommend planning a trip here if you want to spend some good quality time with your family doing some short hikes and going fishing. We pulled our camper about 700 miles to stay here the second time.
- Editor Rating
- Rated stars
- Roaring River State Park Campground
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"Resume How To's" will be held from 1:30-4 p.m. Monday, July 27, at the West St. Paul WorkForce Center, 1 Mendota Road W., Suite 170, West St. Paul.
Homeward Bound Theatre Company will offer a show called "Shadow Puppets" Monday, August 3 through Thursday, Aug. 6 at Lincoln Elementary School in South St. Paul from 1 to 2:30 p.m. for kindergartners through third graders.
Dakota County Library is looking for local authors, illustrators, publishers and literary agents to be part of its Local Author Fair this winter.
In a new adaptation of the famous "Wizard of Oz" story, young participants in Lakeshore Players' summer theater camp where professional artists guide teens in creating a show.
Tune into the sights and sounds of nature and release stress through guided yoga sequences designed to improve balance, flexibility, breath awareness and muscle tone 6 to 7 p.m. Thursdays through Aug.
Sunday, July 26, from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m., at Silverwood Park in St. Anthony, jump in a canoe and paddle on Silver Lake to find the Floating Library, a raft specially designed to hold books made by artists.
Mounds View Public Schools Community Education and Homeward Bound Theatre Company present "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" on Thursday, Aug. 6 at 2 p.m. and 7 p.m. at Mounds View High School. Cast member range from third to ninth graders.
Saint Rose will hold its all-school reunion and 75th anniversary diamond jubilee on Saturday, Sept. 19 from 4-9 p.m. at 2072 Hamline Ave.
Discover how Slovenian-style polka music became a dance sensation across the U. S. and Canada in a presentation by Joe Valencic, President of the National Cleveland-Style Polka Hall of Fame and Museum.
Popular historian J.B. Andersen will talk about the meaning of the Voting Rights Act, a critical milestone in civil rights history, and he'll explain the process that led to its passage on Thursday, Aug. 6 at 12:30 p.m. at the Roseville Library.
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Bridal Biz Hair Services
Hair Services
Our mobile bridal team comes to your location to do your hair for your wedding day. We service Rochester, Buffalo, Syracuse and the Fingerlakes. See below for our list of services, or contact us to learn more!
Bridal Updo:
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Determining the desired style and making sure it will be possible with a mock updo, veils, and/ or hair accessory placement. $65
Contract and deposits are due by the due date. See your contract for details. Gratuity is not included and is at the discretion of the client.


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Blaise Nkufo's height is
6ft 2in (1.88 m)
Blaise Isetsima Nkufo (born 25 May 1975) is a retired Congolese-born Swiss footballer. Nkufo played professionally in Switzerland, Qatar, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States.
First Name: Blaise
Last Name: Nkufo
Born: 25 May, 1975
Birthplace: Kinshasa, Zaire
Height: 6ft 2in (1.88 m)
Astrological Sign: Gemini


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Castello di Velona
A thousand years of history in a union of Art, Nature, Beauty, Good Taste and Style. Standing above the old Via Clodia, which connected southern Etruria to Rome, Velona Castle was built as a medieval fortress in the 11th century.
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The Watchtower remains intact from the 12th century, a reminder of the old rivalry between Siena and Florence. The rear part of the Castle is from the late medieval period.
In the Renaissance, a period which gave us the Main Loggia, the Castle was turned into a residential villa; "Velona" is represented in frescoed maps in the Vatican by the famous cosmographer, geographer and mathematician from Perugia Ignazio Danti.
Darkness fell over the Castle for many centuries, until 1997, when it was resurrected from the ruins and turned into a luxury relais, thanks to restructuring work that retained the original structure of the residence. The company Podere Castello 1997 srl, which purchased the property in 2003, undertook renovation and extension works, supervised by Ing. Fabiani, the result being the modern-day Castello di Velona Resort, Thermal SPA & Winery.
Looking onto the unforgettable Val d'Orcia sunsets and the estate's vineyards, the 46 bedrooms and suites of Castello di Velona Resort, Thermal SPA & Winery, divided into two types, Castle and Sunset, are luxurious settings dedicated to wellness, nature, colours and the history of Tuscan tradition.
The Castle's old cloister, now sheltered by a crystal dome, is the beating heart of the hotel.
Breakfast is served here in the morning, a rich buffet of sweet and savoury delicacies, all "homemade".
Throughout the day guests may use the old-fashioned Lounge to eat quick snacks as well as delicious lunchtime dishes, from our à la carte menu, or relax reading a book, sample the imaginative cocktails prepared by our barman and, after dinner, sip fine liqueurs beneath the stars.
Next to the cloister, in a rustic and comfortable setting, dominated by a great fireplace, is the BAR, endowed with a large panoramic terrace where, in the summer months, breakfast is also served in the shade of the gazebo.
Located in the new wing of the Castle, the elegant gourmet restaurant Settimo Senso can accommodate up to 120 diners. It has a west-pointing panoramic terrace offering a great view of the Val d'Orcia. At sunset the panorama is unique, a natural backdrop for romantic dinners and special events.
The Chef proposes a sensory journey through dishes that are sophisticated but inspired by Tuscan culinary traditions, expertly and creatively re-interpreting the old flavours of this land.
Each dish is accompanied by fine wines, in particular the Rosso di Montalcino and Brunello di Montalcino produced by the Castello di Velona estate on its 5 hectares of vineyards, under its own name.
Situated in the swimming pool and wellness area, throughout the day guests can go to the Pool Bar for a break, with tasty light snacks and refreshing drinks on offer.
Tuscany's hottest spa water spurts forth from the earth beneath Monte Amiata and penetrates this oasis of relaxation, creating a perfect mix of nature and wellness.
The spa water spring that gushes from Monte Amiata is the dominant natural element of Oli SPA, a structure covering 1,500 m2 and part of the Castello di Velona Resort, Thermal SPA & Winery.
It is here that we have created the most complete mix of wellbeing treatments and natural elements: the landscape, natural products and silence of the Val d'Orcia.
The perfection of the travertine marble is the dominant element of the wellness area. The use of this prestigious material, a Tuscan tradition, is also a reference to the mineral contained in the spa waters, which spurt forth in the two outdoor swimming pools and in the two indoor pools with Jacuzzi, all boasting a fine view of the Val d'Orcia, a Unesco world heritage site.
The five treatment cabins, two Turkish baths, sauna and 'emotional showers', just as all the treatments on offer, from body and face massages to scrubs and packs, are designed to offer sensory delights and total relaxation. Grapes and olive oil, local products, and other natural products, are used to give guests the body sensation of a perfect union between the territory, water and man.
Oli Spa offers couples the possibility of sharing in a private cabin a moment of relaxation and wellbeing, as well as the possibility of staying in one of the Hotel's Spa Suites, where spa water is supplied directly to the tubs in the bedrooms, also fitted with private cabins for treatments enjoyed in the privacy of one's own room.
Additional rates (which are not included in the total booking cost)
Extra beds conditions
Additional cost for extra beds.
Babies and children conditions
Baby cots free of charge for children under 2 years.
Pets conditions
Check-in and Check-out hour
Check-in from 03:00 PM to 12:00 AM.
Check-out until 12:00 PM.
Payment policies and conditions
Cash, Credit Card or Bank transfer.
Reservation and cancellation policies
Aproximate Surface Area 40 sq. m.
Max. 2 persons
King Size Bed
Elegant rooms, stylish furnishings and a large lounge area for the utmost comfort during ones stay. Situated in the old part of the Castle, the Castle Junior Suites enhance the architectural features of the original structure, such as terracotta tiled floors, vault ceilings and exposed beams, with the addition of stylish elements and modern touches for complete comfort. These rooms are endowed with a large, elegantly furnished day zone, making them ideal for longer stays. The marble-covered bathrooms are fitted with tub or shower and a single washbasin, and some offer a spectacular view of the Val dOrcia.
Aproximate Surface Area 50 sq. m.
Max. 2 persons
King Size Bed
A private balcony looking onto the Val dOrcia for exclusive moments of relaxation. Elegant and sophisticated, the Castle Balcony Suites have stylish rooms marked by antique furnishings, terracotta tile floors, vault ceilings and exposed beams. Endowed with all modern comforts, these spacious suites have a separate day zone and a private balcony with furniture, in order to enjoy unforgettable moments of peace and relaxation. The marble-covered bathrooms are fitted with tub or shower and a single washbasin, and some offer a spectacular view of the Val dOrcia.
Aproximate Surface Area 35 sq. m.
Max. 2 persons
King Size Bed
Comfortable and elegant rooms looking onto the uncontaminated Val D'Orcia countryside. Situated in the original castle area, the Castle Rooms retain features of Tuscan tradition, with the typical exposed beams and vault ceilings. The bathrooms are marble-covered, fitted with tub and shower, and have a single washbasin. Some look onto the valley. The Castle Rooms are Velona Castles simplest offer, but they provide the same comfort and warm and relaxing atmosphere as that found elsewhere in the hotel.
Aproximate Surface Area 42 sq. m.
Max. 2 persons
King Size Bed
The luxury of a real spa bath and large lounge area for the utmost comfort. Situated in the new wing of the castle, the Sunset Junior Suites offer absolute comfort and wellbeing. Large and comfortable, they are elegantly decorated in a linear and contemporary style, with delicate and warm colours of Tuscan tradition, and equipped with all modern conveniences. These suites have a large lounge area for the utmost relaxation, even during long stays, as well as an outdoor space with furniture looking onto the Val dOrcia. The large travertine-covered bathrooms have bath tubs with spa water and shower, twin washbasins and separate lavatory.
Aproximate Surface Area 60/80 sq. m.
Max. 4 persons
King Size Beds
Ideal for families, they have two bedrooms and large, refined rooms. The Family Suites have two bedrooms, a large lounge area and one or two bathrooms. These suites are the ideal solution for families, and can easily accommodate up to 4 persons. Elegantly furnished with antique furniture and features typical of Tuscan tradition, such as exposed beams, vault ceilings, terracotta tile floors and large decorative fireplaces. Some of these suites are on two storeys. The marble-covered bathrooms are fitted with tub or shower and a single washbasin, and some boast a fine view. Each apartment offers an enchanting view of the Val dOrcia and the vineyards that surround the castle.
Aproximate Surface Area 65 sq. m.
Max. 3 persons
King Size Beds
A private terrace looking onto the Val dOrcia, equipped with a large spa water tub for an unforgettable stay. The Castle Terrace Suite is one of a kind: it opens onto a large private terrace, and is endowed with a large outdoor spa water tub, from which a remarkable view of the Val d'Orcia can be enjoyed.
Aproximate Surface Area 50 sq. m.
Max. 2 persons
King Size Bed
Absolute comfort and wellbeing in complete privacy. Large and comfortable suites situated in the new wing of the castle, the Sunset Spa Junior Suites look westwards where, every evening, the beautiful sunset can be admired, painting the Val DOrcia a thousand colours.
Aproximate Surface Area 50 sq. m.
Max. 3 persons
King Size Beds
Elegant and spacious solutions, with a separate lounge area, spa bath and private patio. The Sunset Suites are in the new wing of the castle, and provide the luxury of a real spa bath. The rooms, divided into day zone and night zone, are decorated with delicate and warm colours, and have a linear and contemporary style, inspired by Tuscan tradition.
Aproximate Surface Area 72 sq. m.
Max. 3 persons
King Size Beds
The luxury of a private SPA in the privacy of ones own suite. Situated in the new wing of the castle and looking onto the Val dOrcia, these suites look westwards, affording views of the uncontaminated countryside and unforgettable sunsets that paint the sky a thousand different colours every evening.
Aproximate Surface Area 35 sq. m.
Max. 2 persons
King Size Bed
Relaxation and wellbeing are guaranteed in these elegant rooms, decorated in a contemporary style and supplied with spa water in the bathroom. There is also an outdoor space with furniture. Situated in the new wing of the Castle, these rooms are furnished in a contemporary style, with top-quality design elements and materials such as travertine marble and Corian.
Treat yourself to a stay of well-being and relaxation in a setting of extraordinary beauty.
One night wellness stay...
Breakfast and Dinner included.
Dedicate time and care to your well-being totally lost in the peaceful Tuscan hills.
Breakfast and Dinner included.
Dedicate time and care to your well-being totally lost in the peaceful Tuscan hills.
Book at least 7 days before arrival and save 15%.
Stay at least 3 nights and save 20%.
|Swimming Pool
|Full Board
|Air conditioner
|Central heating
|Tennis Court
|Credit Card
|Concierge Service
|Personalized Packages
|Private Chef


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John Calipari on passing of Adolph 'Herky' Rupp: 'He'll be missed'
Adolph "Herky" Rupp Jr. died Wednesday after fighting a battle with cancer for nearly a decade. The son of legendary Kentucky basketball coach Adolph Rupp was 75 and remained close to the program and the UK athletic department through the years.
Kentucky coach John Calipari and athletic director Mitch Barnhart issued statements on Rupp's passing Friday.
"Herky was a great supporter of not only our basketball program, but myself and my family," Calipari said. "I loved being in his company. Herky always had great stories to tell and he would always set the record straight. He was immensely proud and honored that his father was one of the great coaches of all time. He'll be missed. Our thoughts and prayers are with Herky's family."
Rupp was not just the son of a famous coach. He also played for the Wildcats for three seasons, though he only appeared in a total of 14 games from 1959-61 and scored 11 points in his career.
"We are deeply saddened to hear of the passing of Herky Rupp. Herky has been an important part of the UK family for decades and an invaluable supporter of our men's basketball program," Barnhart said. "We offer our condolences and prayers to the Rupp family."