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In May 1861 Federal forces under Major General George B. McClellan invaded western Virginia to protect the B&O Railroad, a vital rail link between the Midwest and East. After a small Confederate force under Colonel George Porterfield was defeated at Philippi, Confederate authorities sent a force of 4,000 men under Brigadier General Robert Garnett to block the Federals advancing from Philippi and to attempt to cut the B&O. Garnett placed a force of 800 men under Colonel John Pegram blocking the pass at Rich Mountain to the south, 2,800 under his command blocking the pass at Laurel Hill twenty-three miles to the north and 400 men at his base of supply in the town of Beverly in the valley behind the passes. McClellan sent a 4,000-man force under Brigadier General Thomas Morris to pin Garnett at Laurel Hill while he led a 7,000-man force to attack Pegram at Rich Mountain. Morris and Garnett sparred ineffectively from July 7 to July 11. McClellan reached Rich Mountain on July 10 and deciding a frontal assault would be too costly, sent a force under Brigadier General William S. Rosecrans, guided by a local unionist sympathizer on a route through the mountains around the Confederate left. Simultaneous attacks by McClellan in front of Pegram's Confederates and Rosecrans in their rear were planned. On the afternoon of July 11 Rosecrans attacked. Hearing cheering from Pegram's Confederates, McClellan did not attack as planned. Rosecrans pressed his attack successfully, but with darkness and not understanding the degree of his success, he did not pursue the Confederates. Pegram's men scattered during the night and the next morning Rosecrans captured the sick and wounded Confederates left behind at Rich Mountain. Learning of the defeat of Pegram at Rich Mountain, Garnett ordered a rearguard on the road between Rich Mountain and Beverly and began to retreat. By midday July 12 McClellan crossed Rich Mountain and occupied Beverly then moved south through Cheat Mountain to Huttonsville. Mistaking retreating Confederates for advancing Federals, Garnett chose to retreat north east through difficult terrain rather than south through Beverly and Cheat Mountain. The retreat in bad weather and on poor roads turned into a disaster with sick, hungry men separated or left behind. Finally, on July 19 the remnants of Garnett's command reached Monterey with stragglers arriving over the next week. The victory at Rich Mountain led to the creation of the state of West Virginia and the elevation of George McClellan to general-in-chief of all Union forces.
1864 Steel Engraving of the painting Battle of Rich Mountain by Alonzo Chappel.
Picture courtesy of: US Army Center for Military History Army Art Collection.
Virginia, like the nation in 1861, was sharply divided over slavery and the preservation of the union. Both were divided by divisions that originated from geographic differences that led to conflicting economic interests. The Allegheny Mountains cut diagonally across the Old Dominion, separating the two Virginias. Most of the commonwealth's whites and almost all of the half-million slaves lived east of the Alleghenies in what would become present-day Virginia. The trans-Allegheny region comprised about one-third of the state's territory and would make up most of what would become West Virginia. Much of what would become West Virginia had an economy that was more closely tied to that of the Ohio Valley and the North rather than to the neighbors to the east and south. This led to strong Unionist sentiment in western Virginia (twice that for the Confederacy) and difficulties for Confederate recruitment.
The Alleghenies not only divided Virginia but also served as a barrier against Union penetration into the Shenandoah Valley. As the war progressed, Union forays across the gaps in the mountains and movements up and down the seams created by the narrow valleys between numerous mountain ridges in the Allegheny chain would increasingly threaten eastern Virginia's breadbasket, the Shenandoah Valley, also known as the Great Valley.
What caused the first Federal invasion in western Virginia was the security of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (the B&O), a vital rail link between the Midwest and East. Well aware of its important logistical role, Southerners attempted to cut this rail link used by the Union. Under the command of a young ambitious officer, Major General George Brinton McClellan, Ohio volunteers joined Unionist volunteers from the western regions of the Old Dominion in late May 1861. By the end of July 1861, the Federals were in control of Virginia west of the Allegheny Mountains. This had been achieved by thwarting Confederate plans to capture the town of Grafton, chasing southward a Southern force of 600 ill-equipped men under Colonel George Alexander Porterfield from Philippi and an even larger Southern force further south in the Rich Mountain campaign.
Southern authorities hoped the promising young brigadier general with fine credentials, Robert Selden Garnett, with additional troops could do what Porterfield could not. Garnett arrived at Huttonsville on June 14, 1861. He moved his command northward to block the approaching Federals. Part of his force was positioned at the western base of Rich Mountain, on the Parkersburg Turnpike, seven miles west of Beverly. Garnett and the rest of the men went more than twenty miles further north, where they took possession of Laurel Hill on June 16. The two entrenched Confederate camps were located on two vital turnpikes that led to Stanton and were on the most westerly range of the Alleghenies of the Appalachian system. Garnett strategically positioned his 4,000 men in an area that has been called the "gates to southwest Virginia." He placed a fifth of his men under Lieutenant Colonel John Pegram at Rich Mountain, placed nearly 400 at Beverly, which became his supply base, and placed the remainder of his men, the bulk of his command, at Camp Laurel, two miles south of Belington.
The topographical features of the mountains in the region of the Confederate camps formed the shape of a gigantic yawning worm. Rich Mountain formed the belly, in the middle of which was Pegram at Camp Garnett. To the north, at the opening of the mouth, was Garnett at Laurel Hill. To the east of Laurel Mountain, at the top of the head of the configuration, was Valley Mountain. The back was formed by Cheat Mountain. It curved southward forming the eastern boundary of the approximately two-mile wide, long valley. The valley was traversed north-south by a turnpike and the Tygart Valley River. On the turnpike that cut southward through the middle of the valley were three towns: in the north, Leadsville (modern-day Elkins), in the center, Beverly, and to the south, Huttonsville. This made Beverly the logical place for storing Confederate supplies from Stanton. From the Beverly depot, they could be moved westward to Pegram and northward to Garnett.
Garnett, as urged by General Robert E. Lee, hoped to do more than guard the two passes. He wanted to destroy the B&O Railroad, but lacked the manpower to take it. He proposed to Richmond that General Henry Alexander Wise's command be moved from the Kanawha Valley and moved in the direction of Parkersburg and the Northwest Railroad. This would produce a diversion that would allow Garnett to move from Laurel Hill to the B&O Railroad.
It was too late, even in the unlikely event that Richmond would agree to move Wise. The very day—July 11, 1861—that Garnett was again proposing his plan to Richmond, Union Brigadier General Jacob Dolson Cox was launching an invasion into the Kanawha Valley, and McClellan was attacking Garnett's forces at Rich Mountain, while Brigadier General Thomas Armstrong Morris confronted him at Laurel Hill.
McClellan launched a two-pronged movement in which he hoped to trap Garnett, who in the Union general's view, had foolishly divided his army, leaving its two main bodies twenty-three miles apart. Morris' 4,000-man force from the north (at Philippi) was to hold Garnett's 4,000 men at Laurel Hill while McClellan led a 7,000-man force from the west that would turn and defeat Pegram's 1,300 men at Rich Mountain. McClellan's enthusiasm for the plan was such he was greatly annoyed with subordinates who were less eager. He brutally rebuked Thomas Morris for expressing apprehensions about facing Garnett and the need for more men. McClellan told Morris that if he could not do the job with the men he had, "I must find someone else who will…Do not ask for further re-enforcements. If you do, I shall take it as a request to be relieved from your command and to return to Indiana." [1]
Admonished by his superior, Morris moved his command out of Philippi in the middle of the night of July 6 and rushed toward Garnett at Laurel Hill. He did so in such a hurry that much of the baggage and needed provisions were left behind. His adversary had taken up a position behind two hills south of the town of Belington, blocking the turnpike, which ran through the middle of his entrenchments and earthworks of rocks, cut trees and abatis. Garnett's position was not a strong one and could be more easily turned than the Confederate's position at Rich Mountain. As Morris neared Belington on July 7, he scattered Confederate pickets with several artillery blasts, seized several hills around the town, and raised a large U.S. flag from a house on Elliott's Hill.
For nearly a week, amid rain and sun, the two combatants were at a standoff in what some have called the Battle of Belington. Their clashes were limited and casualties were light—a dozen or so— despite sniper fire from trees, occasional infantry and cavalry charges, and exchange of artillery fire. Any territorial gains or losses on the wooded hills south of Belington were meager and temporary, as lost positions were almost immediately re-occupied by the original possessor. On one occasion, it was unclear who was friend and foe: one evening at twilight, four companies of the newly arrived Twenty-third Virginia fired on their approaching reinforcements.
The stalemate at Laurel Hill came to an end on July 11, 1861. That morning Garnett was informed that the enemy was marching to turn Pegram at Rich Mountain. That afternoon Garnett and his men could hear the artillery and musket fire from the battle on that mountain. Later news was received that Federals had seized the top of Rich Mountain cutting off Pegram's route of retreat to Beverly and Staunton, and imperiling Garnett's retreat route to those same towns. To buy time, Garnett ordered the 44th Virginia to hold the road, if possible, between Rich Mountain and Beverly by probing and intensely engaging the enemy to give the appearance of an imminent attack; meanwhile, Garnett would begin his withdrawal.
Earlier, while sending Morris to distract Garnett from the north, McClellan gathered another force, sending it south by way of Clarksburg to Weston and then eastward by the way of Buckhannon to Rich Mountain. There he set up camp near Roaring Creek, which separated his force from the enemy, who were two miles away at Camp Garnett.
McClellan arrived at the Federal camp on July 9, the same day the Confederate commander, Lieutenant-Colonel Pegram, apparently unaware of the size of his opponent (seven times that of his own), was unsuccessfully seeking General Garnett's permission to attack. McClellan was more cautious than Pegram and was nervous about fighting his first battle as the commander. Reconnaissance on July 10 revealed that Pegram was strongly fortified at the base of the mountain. A Union frontal assault would be too costly. That night, the Federals found a solution when a young man appeared in their camp; he was attempting to pass through Union lines to return to his home at the mountain gap on the road behind Pegram's camp.
The youth was David Hart, a Unionist returning from visiting relatives. After being closely examined by Brigadier General William Starke Rosecrans, Hart was taken to see McClellan— along with a plan for turning the enemy. Hart agreed to guide a Federal force to his father's house over a circuitous route through the forest, around the enemy's left, to a point on the mountaintop one and half miles from the gap. From there they could follow a rough road to his father's house. The rough terrain would prevent them from taking artillery. McClellan consented, perhaps reluctantly, to allow Hart to lead Rosecrans with 1,917 men to the mountain gap. From there, less than three miles from the enemy camp, Rosecrans could descend the western slope of the mountain on the turnpike and approach Camp Garnett from the rear. The sound of Rosecrans' attack would signal McClellan, with the bulk of the Union force, to attack the enemy from the front. Rosecrans planned to attack the rear of Pegram's works by 10:00 a.m. the next morning, July 11. A company of cavalry was taken to keep McClellan apprised of Rosecrans' progress in case something happened unexpectedly. A message, carried by a cavalryman, was to be sent every hour.
Things did not go smoothly for the four infantry regiments (the 8th, 10th, 13th, and 19th Ohio) and Captain H. W. Burdsal's seventy-five cavalrymen. They were to secretly gather at 3:00 a.m., but one regiment sounded assembly and lit fires. It was daylight before the Federal force moved out; this delay, along with their fear that they might have alerted the enemy, caused them to decide it was best to climb the slope much further to the right than had been planned. This lengthened the route. Intermittent rain pelted them from 6:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. as they made their way through what Rosecrans described as "a pathless forest, over rocks and ravines," with the added difficulty of "using no ax to clear their way to avoid discovery by the enemy." Eight hours after their start they were halted—wet, hungry and weary—for rest as Rosecrans and Colonel Frederick William Lander reconnoitered the terrain. The Federal force still had not reached the mountaintop. Rosecrans now sent his first and only message to McClellan, telling of his difficulties and stating that because of the roughness of the terrain and the exhaustion of horses, no additional dispatches would be sent until there was "something of importance to communicate." Frustration led to threats against young Hart, whom Rosecrans said was so scared he was about to leave. Hart seemed to have run off, but might have returned to help guide the soldiers to his father's house by midafternoon. [2]
Rosecrans' march to the mountain gap lasted about ten to twelve hours, and in the meantime, the fear that Confederates might learn of his turning movement had become a reality. The night before Rosecrans' march, sights and sounds—lights flashing, axes chopping, and bugles calls—alerted the Confederates to possible enemy movement. Pegram was afraid he would be attacked from the rear, so he sent two companies to the gap at Hart's house. The next morning around 9:00 a.m., a Federal courier—who had mistakenly ridden into Pegram's camp carrying a dispatch from McClellan to Rosecrans—was wounded and captured, and it was revealed to Pegram that a Union turning movement was indeed in progress.
Pegram wrongly assumed this was taking place over a country road to his right and sent one of his force's artillery pieces and Captain Julius Adolph De Lagnel, Garnett's chief of artillery, to command a 310-man force at the Rich Mountain pass at Hart's residence. The force was comprised of two squads of cavalry from the 14th Virginia and six companies of infantry from 20th and 25th Virginia. One company from the 20th, was known as the College Boys, consisting of students from Hampden-Sidney College and commanded by one of their professors, Captain John Mayo Pleasants Atkinson. To further aid in the protection of his rear, Pegram ordered Colonel William C. Scott at Beverly to position his regiment (the 44th Virginia) at the junction of Merritt Road and the Beverly-Buckhannon Turnpike to protect his rear from the enemy's turning movement.
At 2:30 p.m. on July 11, Rosecrans' force arrived on the hill to the south overlooking the mountain pass. Half a mile from the Hart farm, Confederate pickets unexpectedly fired upon his skirmishers. The pickets pulled back to their main force at the pass, shouting repeatedly, "Yanks from the South!" The Confederates were expecting an enemy attack from the north. They turned their only artillery piece to the south and opened fire on the oncoming enemy. Union skirmishers fired from behind rocks and trees several hundred yards away at the Confederates, who concentrated their artillery fire of spherical shot at the rate of four per minute upon the main Union force. After a brief time, the Federals withdrew. Twenty minutes later they advanced and renewed the fighting, firing from the protection of the woods. The Confederate gun was pulled a short distance northward across the road to a slope and again commenced firing. Unable to see the enemy, the Confederates fired in the direction of rising smoke that emanated from the edge of the wood. [3]
Thinking they had been successful De Lagnel notified Pegram that they had twice repulsed the enemy and won the fight. This news set off an uproar of cheering at Camp Garnett that was heard by McClellan in his camp just west across Roaring Creek. He too assumed Rosecrans had been defeated. Earlier McClellan had moved his force closer to the enemy fort in anticipation of attacking. Concerned that a frontal assault without Rosecrans attacking from the rear would be costly, McClellan moved his force back to camp and armed even teamsters in case the enemy attacked. In the meantime, a road was being cut to a rise on the enemy left where the next morning McClellan planned for the Union artillery to enfilade Pegram and drive him from his camp.
Rosecrans was far from defeated. His force suffered few casualties in the first two advances—the woods had shielded his men as the shot from the Confederate brass six-pounder flew over their heads. Rosecrans was determined to take the enemy's six-pounder and overwhelm them with an all-out attack. Some regiments misunderstood his orders and were positioned incorrectly, which caused a delay of nearly three-quarters of an hour. Rosecrans, personally leading one of his regiments, moved his whole force forward. Some men stamped through Hart's garden near the house as the Union force converged on the Confederates. Southerners who had earlier fired with relative impunity from the windows and chinks between logs of the Hart house were driven from the dwelling as Federals swarmed to the left, center, and especially to the right flank of the Southerners, placing De Lagnel in danger of being cut off from the road to Camp Garnett. Frightened artillery horses pulling the ammunition caisson became unmanageable and stampeded down the road, carrying away their drivers and most of the ammunition. They soon collided with a brass six-pounder being pulled from Camp Garnett, which De Lagnel had requested. Drivers were hurled from their seats, a dozen horses were injured or killed, and their mangled bodies were mixed with smashed equipment as the artillery piece careened down an embankment. (Federals would later capture it.)
Back at the battle site, the Virginians' situation was desperate. Overwhelmed by vastly greater numbers, the Southerners pulled the six-pounder behind Hart's barn just north of the road, but attempts to fire the piece proved futile. There were only two artillerymen left. Captain De Lagnel was injured, he was pulled out of the sight of the enemy by a young artilleryman. The wounded captain ordered his men to escape to Beverly if they could. Federals now swarmed over the hastily constructed log works that paralleled the road. One Federal repeatedly bayoneted a wounded Confederate. This infuriated De Lagnel, who attempted to retaliate and struggled to stand, but he lost consciousness and fell down a bank, where he lay, unconscious and undetected, for a couple of hours. The remainders of his command on the left made their way to Beverly. Those on the right returned to Camp Garnett after leaving the main road to escape the enemy's fire. They left behind thirty-three dead and wounded. Fourteen Federals and sixty Confederate wounded were also scattered over the saddle-shaped terrain of the Hart farm, where the mountain sloped downward from the back of the house to the turnpike and then rose to wooded heights.
Pegram attempted to reverse his sagging fortunes. Arriving at 6:00 p.m. as the three-hour battle was ending, he saw his men fleeing their works at Hart's. Despite great personal effort he was unable to rally them. Finding the situation hopeless, Pegram hurried back to camp and ordered his regiment's remaining companies toward the battle site, leaving the right side of the Camp Garnett works totally unmanned. Approximately midway up the mountain, he met the men who had fled from battle down the western slope of the mountain-under the command of Major Nat Tyler waiting in the woods to ambush the enemy. Pegram asked them if they were willing to go back and fight. While the men were responding with a cheer, a captain interrupted, saying, "Colonel Pegram these men are completely demoralized, and will need you to lead them." Taking his place at the head of the column, Pegram led the men single-file in the rain through what he called "laurel thickets and through almost impossible brushwood" to the top of the mountain, a quarter-mile away from Rosecrans' right flank. There Pegram was about to position his men to attack when Major Tyler informed him that during the march up the mountain "one of the men in his frightened state had turned around and shot the first sergeant of one of the rear companies, which had caused nearly the whole company to run to the rear." Soon after a captain told Pegram, "the men were so intensely demoralized that he considered it madness to attempt to lead them into an attack." Pegram wrote in his official report, "A mere glance at the frightened countenances around" him convinced Pegram that his distressing news was true. It was confirmed by the opinion "of the company commanders around him." They all agreed with Pegram, who stated, "there was nothing left to do but to send the command under Major Tyler" to join Garnett at Laurel Hill or to Colonel William C. Scott's regiment, which was believed to be near Beverly. [4]
It was 6:30 p.m. when Pegram sent Tyler's men northeastward to escape off the mountain. Pegram started back to camp. He frequently lost his way and was thrown from his horse and was injured, so he did not arrive until 11:15 p.m. The situation was becoming desperate. A council of war was breaking up when Pegram arrived. Lieutenant Colonel Jonathan M. Heck, the second in command, had called the meeting and had related Pegram's orders to hold the camp at all costs. Pegram immediately reconvened the officers, and they concurred it was time to leave. Heck would lead all the able-bodied men over the mountains to join Garnett, while Pegram, battered by his ordeals, would stay behind with the sick.
Totally unaware of the demoralized state of his opponent, Rosecrans feared for his own safety at the mountain gap. He called his men back after they had pursued the fleeing Southerners for only several hundred yards. Darkness was approaching, and it was too late to attack a well-fortified enemy camp almost three miles away that could only be reached by a road described by Pegram as "skirted with almost an impenetrable thicket of underbrush." Nor did he feel he could head eastward to Beverly, as he was already separated from the main Union force by an enemy whom, he believed, had 5,000 to 8,000 men. McClellan had made no attack, so no help could be expected from him. Rosecrans tried to find a cavalryman to carry a message of his plight to McClellan, but this proved futile. No one who would undertake such a venture could be found. Feeling vulnerable and isolated between an entrenched enemy camp to his west and another unknown force to the east, Rosecrans decided to spend the night on top of the mountain. It was a very dark, cold, and rainy summer night. The wounded of both sides were huddled together in the Hart house and on its porch, and they filled all the outbuilding to protect themselves from the inclement weather. The next morning a detail buried thirty-two Confederate dead in two trenches in or near Hart's garden. Among those buried were three of the four men of the 25th Virginia who had previously carved their names on two rocks they fought behind. (One of the rocks they fought behind is today known as the Dawson's Boulder, named for the only survivor of the four, Private George W. Dawson.) [5]
That night was an anxious one for Rosecrans who wrote that his men "turned out six times…on account of the pickets firing on the front, expecting an attack of the enemy." At 3:00 a.m. welcome news arrived. A prisoner who was brought before Rosecrans revealed that the enemy was attempting to leave. This news led Rosecrans to move on to camp Garnett at daylight, where he found a white flag flying. [6]
The approximately 170 men, mostly sick and wounded, whom Pegram left behind surrendered to Rosecrans and turned over to him the two remaining artillery pieces, their wagons, the equipment, and the quartermaster's store. McClellan's force was positioned a short distance in front of Fort Garnett and was preparing to send artillery to a hill by way of the road they had cut during the night to enfilade the Confederate camp. Amidst their preparations, one of Rosecrans' cavalrymen reported that the enemy camp had been abandoned. When McClellan sent someone to verity this report, his scout found the camp occupied by Rosecrans. McClellan soon moved out, leaving behind several companies of the 13th Indiana to destroy the Rebel fortifications and bury the dead.
By midday McClellan had moved across Rich Mountain via the gap at Hart's farm and had occupied Beverly. The most eventful part of the march occurred during a half-hour rest at the site of the previous day's battle. The soldiers' eyes were drawn, as if magnetically, to the sobering sight of the dead. Some were half-naked and scattered over the field; others had been placed in a long trench, which was still open.
Colonel Heck had left Camp Garnett at 1:00 a.m. on June 12 with most of the remaining Confederates—except for the disabled—who were west of the mountain, in order to join Garnett. Jedediah HotchKiss, who had recently been appointed Confederate topographical engineer and was known as Professor Hotchkiss, led the way, followed by Captain Robert Doak Lilley's company of the 25th Virginia. Meanwhile, Pegram, who was nicknamed Little Corporal by his men, changed his mind about staying behind. He sent word for the column to halt so he could lead them. The message never reached Hotchkiss and Lilly's company and they proceeded forward, separating themselves from the rest of the column. Somewhere behind them was the main body, with the exhausted Pegram, who had a high fever and had to be conveyed over the mountain in a blanket carried by four men.
Frustration and exhaustion would only increase. Three-fourths of his men had no rations, and the rest had only enough for one meal. It took eighteen grueling hours to move twelve miles and cross the mountain to the Tygart Valley. Pegram was told that Garnett was at Leadsville, so he hired a horse and made his way near that town-only to be informed that Garnett had been there, but had fled northeastward, pursued by a large federal force. With no chance of joining Garnett, Pegram returned to his fatigued men. He found them in a state of confusion, firing randomly into the darkness, believing the enemy had surrounded them. Knowing a federal force was above him and McClellan was below him at Beverly, and there was little in the way of food to be obtained on the back roads, their only possible route of escape, Pegram called a council of war. Most agreed with their commander that surrender was the only alternative to starvation, but forty men left during the night rather than surrender. The rest, 600 men, surrendered to McClellan at Beverly on July 13, 1861. When the hungry Confederates were marching, still fully armed, to Beverly to capitulate, they were met by several wagon loads of bread benevolently sent by McClellan.
Some of the Confederates involved in the Rich Mountain battle escaped across Cheat Mountain by way of Huttonsville. They made their way to safety before McClellan seized Beverly. First was William Scott and his 44th Virginia infantry, then Nat Tyler with part of Pegram's command, followed by Jed Hotchkiss with fifty men who had led the evacuation from Camp Garnett. While crossing Rich Mountain, they encountered darkness, drenching rains, fallen trees, dense thickets and precipices. These obstacles were burdensome for Hotchkiss and his small band, as well as the rest of Pegram's retreating force.
The day Pegram surrendered, McClellan moved through Huttonsville to secure Cheat Mountain Summit. Finding no Confederate force in the vicinity of the mountain pass, McClellan became convinced that the retreating enemy would not stop until they reached Staunton. He moved his force back to Huttonsville. A few days later on July 15, leaving two regiments of infantry, a battery, and a cavalry company at Huttonsville to patrol Cheat Mountain Summit, he moved the rest of his force back to Beverly. He felt he was in a better position there to move rapidly in any direction necessary.
In the meantime, Garnett and his men north of Beverly were having a difficult time escaping; at Beverly on the morning of July 12, they had mistaken fleeing Confederates for the enemy. This mistake cost the Confederates a relative easy and shorter escape southward through the Tygart Valley to Cheat Mountain. (McClellan would not occupy the town until that afternoon.) Garnett instead moved northeastward toward Red House, in the panhandle of Maryland, in an attempt to escape the enemy from above and below.
It was a difficult time. Rain poured down on them, turning the road into a nearly bottomless pit of soupy mud that resisted every exhausting step. Wagons fell off narrow, winding, slippery roads and crashed into trees below. The farther they went the greater the disorganization, especially in the rear of the line, which spread out for ten miles. Many discarded their weapons. Shoeless soldiers limped along, leaving bloodstained paths. The sick crawled into whatever structures they could find, from houses to barns to pigpens, where they lay for several days until taken prisoner by Northern patrols. Starvation forced able-bodied men away from their hiding places in the woods to give themselves up. From Red House, hungry Confederates, in disarray and panic, feared the enemy was upon them. They moved south, back into Virginia, through a valley seam between the formidable mountain ranges that prevented direct eastern movement. Men became separated, included the rear guard, the 1st Georgia, which was compelled to climb over a steep mountain, wandering if they would ever again see those they had left at home. A father and son in this group attempted to ease the pain of hunger after going without food for four days; they shared a one-inch tallow candle found in the father's knapsack. Finally, on July 19, after an arduous and circuitous eight-day trip of 150 miles, and after wading through rivers two dozen times, the remnants of Garnett's bedraggled army reached Monterey. Stragglers continued to arrive for the next week. They had escaped the Federals, but their weakened bodies now had to cope with outbreaks of measles and mumps. They had escaped, but they lost their commander early in their retreat at Corrick's Ford and had been pursued by two Federal forces in McClellan's attempt to trap them.
While Confederate authorities struggled with the crisis in western Virginia, the authorities in Washington struggled with the problems resulting from the Union disaster at Bull Run. A shaken Washington would turn to the North's first victorious military war hero. McClellan had driven the enemy beyond Cheat Mountain as well as away from the B&O and Northwestern Virginia Railroads. He was the man of the hour. Everywhere he went crowds gathered to look upon their new savior. Such popularity amazed him, but the rigors of war would soon dim his shining star. The victory at Rich Mountain led to the creation of the state of West Virginia and the elevation of George McClellan to general-in-chief of all Union forces.
Poland Jr., Charles P. The Glories of War: Small Battles and Early Heroes of 1861. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2004.
Haselberger, Fritz. Yanks from the South. Chelsea, MI: Book Crafters, 1987.
Newell, Clayton R. Lee vs. McClellan. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 1996.
Zinn, Jack. The Battle of Rich Mountain. Parsons, WV: McLean Print Co, 1971.
Rich Mountain Battlefield Foundation
The Rich Mountain Battlefield Foundation is working to preserve the Rich Mountain Battlefield and Camp Garnett.
Rich Mountain Battlefield Civil War Site & Visitor Center
The Rich Mountain Battlefield Civil War Site & Visitor Center is located west of Beverly WV and features interpretive signs, walking tours and a picnic area. The Beverly Heritage Center is the interpretive center for the site and is located at 4 Court Street Beverly WV 26253, telephone 304 637 7424. Hours are seasonal.
The History of the Battle of Rich Mountain is a useful overview of the battle produced by the Rich Mountain Battlefield Foundation.
No other sources listed.


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Over 15 years of dental experience. He graduated in 2000 and continued his study to get Master degree in Health System Management from Liverpool University
Dr Al Rousan has an experience of more than 9 years in the field of Smile design and Orofacial Orthopedics. He got the Jordanian Board in Orthodontics in 2011, after he was honored the Masters Degree in Orthodontics from Jordan University of Science and Technology in 2009.
Over six years of dental experience, his practice focuses on Laser dentistry, Root Canal Treatment, Gum treatment and High esthetic dentistry. Graduated from Damascus university, with a master degree in laser science in dentistry and one year intern ship in high esthetic dentistry at San Joseph university, Beirut.
Got D.D.S degree in 2000 from Faculty of Dentistry, Syria. Researcher and registered inventor in United States Patent and Trademark Office Over 17 Years' experience in general dentistry Expert in cosmetic dentistry, direct and indirect composite and ceramic restoration and endodontic treatments.
D.D.S. /MSc with more than 6 years clinical experience and skilled in digital smile redesigning, cosmetic and digital dentistry. Graduated in 2010, and honored the master degree in oral medicine and pathology in 2015 from Damascus University. Clinical supervisor doctor in the faculty of dentistry, Damascus. Syrian Board in Oral Histology and Pathology, member of International Association for Dental Research (IADR) and Syrian pathology society.
Over 13 Years' experience in the Pediatric Dentistry.Graduated in 2004, and honored the master degree of pediatric dentistryin 2011 from Damascus University.Researcher and Clinical Supervisor at Faculty of Dentistry. Damascus. Skilled in the treatments of special needs patients and kids, using Nitrous Oxide Sedation, GeneralAnesthesia and deep sedation.


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It's time to A.M.P. up Your Team Building Success!
Place an unlimited number of active and highly productive associates in your organization using our 21st Century Team Development System to "A.M.P. things up."
Two good reasons for implementing the Associate Marketing Professionals System?
1. Build Massive Teams with the A.M.P. System. One major motivation for implementing the A.M.P. system is simply that of increasing the number of members you have in your downline. The more associates in your downline the more opportunity for success. The A.M.P. is here to meet the financial and practical needs of associates in conjunction with the requirements of the parent organization.
2. Minimize the number of inactive associate on your team with the A.M.P System. Participation in the AMP not only provides you with a mechanism for building massive teams but our system also works wonders for encouraging the active participation of your downline.
Are there any other benefits provided by the A.M.P System?
Yes. You'll receive advanced marketing training from industry experts and leadership training from top business professionals, we even offer personal and spiritual development training to keep you focused proficient and encouraged. You'll add power to your team building and guarantee your success by learning and implementing the A.M.P System. In addition to realizing career advancement, increased commissions and massive expansion in your downline (vertically and horizontally) you'll also receive VIP access to special events, personal training, a subscription to our e-newsletter, and access to our unique, ground breaking and unstoppable team expansion program.
Over the years, thousands of success seeking associates have spent hundreds of dollars on network marketing "how-to" training books, videos, CD'S, and magazines, going to the conventions and attending other Associate PBR's in attempts to learn the "secrets" to financial success in the business.
They devour the information; they memorize all the wonderful marketing clichés. They revel in all the tantalizing "rags to riches" stories. They do everything the books, videos and CD'S tell them to do and yet, the sad truth is; only a small percentage of them will ever build a large downline and consistently earn a substantial monthly income.
The question is: Why is it that over 99% of all network marketers fail to achieve financial success? An overwhelming majority of them fail because they've recruited the wrong person for the business or they have applied the wrong strategies and tactics, but what is even more of an obstacle is that a lot of people don't understand the value of the business venture and are afraid to invest. You as an associate loose a number of otherwise good team members to an unfounded yet understandable fear. Not any more - we have a solution that can lead to your success in overcoming these problems and that what we all desire because we're in business to help others to become successful and to realize our own success, right?
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You are here: Liverpool Confidential › News & Comment.
JUST weeks before it opens its brand spanking new Museum of Liverpool on the waterfront, there's reportedly more woe for National Museums Liverpool
According to BDOnline, the trade title, NML is preparing to launch legal action against its current architects, Manchester based AEW. Last year the architects firm recouped £500,000 in unpaid fees after a row over payments.
A spokesman for the museum says they haven't issued legal proceedings against AEW, however it is understood, says the magazine, that the practice is preparing to defend itself in court.
The Museum of Liverpool project at Mann Island has been delayed amidst allegations of missed deadlines. It will be just three-quarters complete when the main opening takes place in July. The second planned phase, it is hoped, will be completed in November.
It's the second legal row NML have faced with architects for the development.
Danish outfit 3XN were shown the figurative door in 2007. NML narrowly missed a copyright infringement case after 3XN claimed they had used their designs. 3XN also claimed they had not received payments.
NML and AEW had fallen out with 3XN after a row over the material to be used on the outside of the £72 million museum, originally due to open in Liverpool's European Capital of Culture year, 2008.
NML launched legal proceedings against the Danish firm earlier this year. It is expected they will face a counterclaim.
The cost to the taxpayer for settling the legal disputes are reported to have risen to £1.25 million.
Broadcaster Gillian Reynolds, resigned from the museum's board of trustees in 2008 over a separate issue, said NML was partly to blame for the scheme running late.
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Perhaps Dr Fleming should be invited to the House of Commons Culture Committee to explain what the hell is going on up here, and why so much public money is being used fighting legal battles. Perhaps also some MPs could use Parliamentary Privilege to say things that maybe ought to be said.
Any Phottees of the Balfour Institute ?? What was its main use Posh School I saw Boxing Club nights…Read more
I agree with the Councillor. His examples really don't go far enough, because of the complexities…Read more
Perhaps a "dolmus" system could be used in the city centre, they work quite well for tourists and…Read more
Not price related but sad to see that they are doing away with the Citylink bus. This runs around…Read more
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Privacy | Careers | Website by: Planet Code


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Tarini Parti reports for BuzzFeed News:
[…] The Rinkuses are the gatekeepers to the Winter White House — or at least Ari wants people to think so. Before she landed her job at Mar-a-Lago, Heather worked for one of the companies owned by the family of Betsy DeVos, the wealthy former chair of the Michigan Republican Party who is now Trump's education secretary. Ari, a stocky former used car salesman, frequently holds court over a vodka soda at a local bar, bragging about his and his wife's connection to Trump and his team while trolling for investors for business deals he's peddling.
The tale of the Rinkus couple — one a repeat felon and the other a Trump employee who interacts regularly with top government officials — raises the curtain on the way Trump's sprawling business holdings can sweep minor figures into his political orbit. For a man with a serious criminal record, Ari Rinkus has been in remarkably close proximity to the president. He has parlayed that access — and the perception of access — to his own advantage, sources said, while pursuing potentially lucrative government contracts on behalf of a foreign company.
Reached this week, Heather Rinkus had no comment, and Ari, told what this story would contain, changed his account. He said that in previous exchanges with BuzzFeed News, he had exaggerated his access to the president and his family. He told similarly inflated tales to other people, he said, but insisted that he had not done so to gain government contracts or seek investments. Raising money, he acknowledged, would violate the terms of his ongoing probation for the Ponzi scheme.
The White House declined to comment, referring questions to the Trump Organization. The Trump Organization said it had no business relationship with either Heather or Ari Rinkus. Mar-a-Lago did not respond to emails and a phone message.


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Marriott President for Latin America Craig Smith predicts strong growth for Latin America in the coming years.
Marriott is bullish on growth in the Latin America says the company's newly-appointed President for Latin America, Craig Smith. Smith is the first to occupy that role, which was only created four months ago; prior to this, Latin America shared a category with the Southeastern United States in Marriott's corporate structure. "That the CEO felt strong enough about the region to place a president here is a very strong statement," says Smith, who is fluent in Spanish and Portuguese, and has worked and lived throughout the region. In an interview with LBC Smith says increased tourist infrastructure, strong economies, and a growing middle class are changing travel in the region, and outlines some of Marriott's plans for expansion in the region.
"In the past 10 years, Marriott has more than doubled its presence in Latin America, growing from 35 to 76 hotels in the region," Smith says. "In the next four years, we plan to double that number again."
According to Latin Business Chronicle, Marriott ranks fourth on the list of hotels with the largest number of Latin rooms (18,000 in 2012), after IHG (58,503), Accor (35,330) and Sol Meliá (25,433).
When asked what he says as areas particularly poised for growth, Smith answered unequivocally: "This is the MeMo (Mexico Moment)," Smith says. "Mexico has all the right indicators for growth: liquidity, strong tourist …
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Welcome to Restaurant free buffet La Brochette The Perthus
Restaurant La Brochette free buffet Perthus - Els Límits - La Jonquera - Girona - Catalonia - Spain.
Restaurant: Free buffet restaurant La Brochette, el Perthus ( France ), Els Limits, La Junquera, High Emporda, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. We suggest a personalized menu; make up the menu you wish and we will email / tell you the price we propose. There's a car transfer service for people from the car park to the restaurant. Wide variety of "a la carte" dishes. Sarsuela, cod, paella, assorted grilled meats. Set menu – Paella menu. Music. Capacity for 600 people. Try our free buffet.
Snack Bar: Restaurant La Brochette free buffet Perthus, Els Límits, La Junquera, High Ampurdan, Gerona. In our café you can enjoy a delicious breakfast, followed by lunch and dinner where you can enjoy our fabulous cuisine. Breakfast. Set menú. A la carte dishes. Paellas and Fideuás. Vermicelli noodle paella Mixed, Valencia style, black rice, seafood, vegetarian, fideguay. Pizzas, Atuncrec, Crijiqueso, Crujirodeo, Crujiyork.
Buffet: Restaurant La Brochette free buffet Perthus, Els Límits, La Jonquera, High Emporda, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Food made with fresh, quality products. Great variety of dishes, appetizers, main dishes, beverages, desserts, salads, meats, fish, etc.. Pleasant atmosphere. 15 EURO FREE BUFFET. Starters, main courses, drinks, dessert. All inclusive.
The Buffet Libre restaurant La Brochette, Els Limits, The Perthus is 33km from Perpignan (France).


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The greatest struggle men face as they grow old is to halt their fat producing metabolism from plunging. One of the main causes as to why there's a decrease in metabolism is because the body starts to produce more of the female hormone i.e. estrogen as compared to the key male reproductive hormone i.e. testosterone.
Research says that it is a major mid-life crisis for men because at that point in their life, their estrogen levels are higher than their wives (who have even experienced menopause by then). That results in bulkier men developing inflated breast matter. Hormones tend to develop at such a slow rate that men usually don't take notice of how their body is changing, until its too late. You don't realize when the fat on your stomach or any other body part becomes more prominent than ever. This leads to a greater production of estrogen in a man's body. The higher the estrogen level, the harder it'll be to be true to yourself.
Estrogen has many negative effects which men dread. It messes with your sexual drive, makes you depressed, fatigued and leads to hair loss as well. As the estrogen levels in your body increase, testosterone decreases. That is the sole reason why you need to make sure that your estrogen levels are low because a man needs the testosterone level to be high in order to perform well.
It also keeps your metabolism intact which helps you shed fat easily. Apart from burning fat, testosterone helps in body building, does not allow fat to accumulate, increases your attention span, boosts your energy levels, strengthens your bones and keeps your sexual drive pumped up.
So, when men grow old and lose their testosterone levels, they worry as to how they would be able to revamp them.
Let us enlighten you with three ways in which you can do that.
- Cut down on alcohol
Naturally, if you're an alcoholic or enjoy the idea of booze and its buzz, you can never go cold turkey with it. You don't have to, if you don't want to. But make sure you don't over do it either. There are all types of men around; those who don't drink and then there are those who wouldn't go home without a blackout. So, for the latter type of men, this act leads to high estrogen and low testosterone levels.
The components of alcohol come from natural resources, such as plants, which include phytoestrogens (estrogens in plants). They make your brain believe that your estrogen levels are high, hence adding fat. If you can't control your urge to spend money on booze at a night out, then don't take much cash, leave your cards at home as well. Incase, you run into trouble and need cash, keep a back individual who would help you out if you call them. Not only will you save money, but you'll also be able to keep your estrogen low and testosterone high.
- Eat wisely
Excess of anything is bad. Taking on from these words of wisdom, you also need to realize how overeating any type of edible, whether its protein, carbohydrates or fats, would halt the union of testosterone levels, as the nutritious substances wont have space to do so. It is extremely essential that you prepare the sufficient combination of vegetables, fruits, beef or chicken for the ideal production of testosterone in your body.
Must Read: Legal Steroids at GNC
- Make composite exercises a part of your routine
You may be able to make a perfect meal plan and cut down on alcohol, but till when will you refrain? Not many individuals are able to make these things a part of their lives for long, till they fall back to square one. The ideal and most natural way to boost your testosterone levels is to work out! Working is not a task, but it is a lifestyle. The sooner you adopt it, the better it is for you. If you incorporate it in your life at an early stage, it will be easier for you to take it forward and you wouldn't be facing low testosterone issues in the first place.
Indulge in exercises such as squats, bench press and deadlifts. With old age come a lot of health problems, so if you have any sort of injury, make sure you go easy with the weights, as heavy lifting would cause pain in joints. You also need to be aware of how to do these exercises, if your posture is wrong, you will pull the wrong muscles and injure yourself. You can prevent that by warming up before these exercises. Try doing hip and arm rings, sway your legs on either sides and flex them as well.


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Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first NOLA.com user to add photos or videos of Cross Properties Inc
Cross Properties Inc can be found at Spruce St 1001. The following is offered: Real Estate Agents. The entry is present with us since Sep 7, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 12, 2013. In Morgan City there are 6 other Real Estate Agents. An overview can be found here.
Malachi Ministries is located at 1001 Spruce St, Morgan City, LA. This business specializes in Religion & Spirituality and Real Estate Agents.


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text: Hey, Draalin-ians! Does anybody have some favorite Windows 7 desktop gadgets? I've been trying to find some useful addons for my desktop besides the default gadgets included with Windows. Microsoft no longer has them listed on its website, so I suppose as a follow up question, where is a good place to find new gadget? Right now I'm only using the clock and CPU meter to keep an eye on my desktop while I play games on a second monitor.


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The problem is, is that there are so many pointless cards. This week alone I've had 20 including one from a printer I've never met, used, or ever heard of, one from an electrical firm that clearly thinks that I'm in telecommunications, not the PR sort of communications, and another from a vets, which is odd as I've never had a pet – unless you count my cohabite, Mr Long Suffering, of course.
Christmas cards as a marketing tool is pretty much null and void these days. How sincere can festive warm wishes be when you've not even bothered to sign your name and have got the printer to incorporate your sign off into the card's design and print it alongside the front cover – a puppy in reindeer antlers? Cards literally arrive by the Santa's sack full, rarely from people you know and therefore effectively screams "Give us your cash!".
Worse are the companies that send an email to their massive and random database which says instead of spending money on Christmas cards this year, and to help protect the environment, they will be donating the equivalent spend to the charity 'Puppies need more reindeer antlers'. I have several responses to this.
Mainly, it's: Where's the receipt? I'm afraid that I don't have faith that when these emails are circulated, they actually end up in a charitable donation. Perhaps it's just me? Secondly I think the company in question a) can't be bothered to sort cards out b) has left it too late to sort cards out c) is too tight to sort cards out. At no point do I think what I suspect the company/companies want me to think, which I believe would be: 'What a generous gesture they have made and to such a wonderful cause'.
In my rant I probably shouldn't miss out the rise and fall of electronic Christmas cards either. A few years ago I spent a large part of December opening emails that burst into song or animation, most of which were not hugely inventive and, generally, just 'nice'. Luckily this year they have been very few and far between so my inbox is (almost) my own.
"So what would make you happy you miserable woman?" I hear you ask. Well, I would like some festive fun please. Be inventive, be fun. This is, after all, the season to be jolly. This year, I'm going to be circulating (by email) a Christmas card that was given to my six year old niece by one of her classmates. It's relevant to my business because it illustrates the vital importance of proof reading – something her classmate's parents rather superbly failed to do – see the image.
For those of you that aren't quite sure what the lovely Henry was trying to write, I believe it was 'For you', not the amusing alternative. Merry Christmas.>


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My name is Jimmy Miranda, a property investor. Investing in real estate has been my bread and butter for almost nine years, marketing skills, learning the basic foundation of building a business is important to avoid bankruptcy. For 9 years, my life has been rollercoaster rides and now, I have finally found a way to sustain my investing and business career. I know you want to learn this too.
Browse my page and feel free to read my blogs. By reading my blog, you will get valuable information to help you avoid pitfalls. If you need my help, I am happy to serve you and help you become successful in your choice of investment.
-Jimmy Miranda


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Choosing The most beneficial Web Hosting Program Might be Confusing So Here Is What You'll need To Hunt for
In case you don't have a technical thoughts then selecting the ideal web hosting strategy for an person website or perhaps a large firm web page might be really hard. There are numerous businesses supplying countless distinctive choices. This short article will guide you.
When you are new to web hosting and do not know significantly about what it really is and the way to go about obtaining it, this is place is ideal for you personally to know a few of the fundamental steps in hosting. For anyone who is contemplating about which web hosting strategy will suit your requires, don't panic because there's so significantly info accessible on the web to guide you. To start with, you ought to comprehend that hosting is often a procedure by way of which you'll be able to make your web site out there on the Planet Wide Net. Merely put, this is the way via which other individuals is going to be able to see the website of the enterprise, the launch of the new products, chat along with your representatives and spot orders together with your business and let your guests know something else that may be related to your company.
Web hosting could be the method by means of which net hosts or providers, that are specialized in this field, present space on on the net servers which can retailer your information through the use of a information center, and this may control what you wish to appear on your internet site. The clientele or customers can either obtain or lease this service. Note nonetheless that you will discover two kinds of hosting. The initial is for private pages for individual customers as well as the second is for firms and bigger organizations. These are called single page hosting and complex web site hosting respectively.
In an effort to discover the best program, which will suit you, you will need to conduct an online study. There are various businesses which can offer services for managing your web-site with reliability, ease and speed. The packages normally range from economic climate or starter packages to premium packages. The crucial issues to note just before picking a program include the number of email accounts that you just can use, the monthly bandwidth range, availability guarantee, how lots of domains you'll be able to host, additional services obtainable, the provision of a manage panel plus the quantity of disk space that they provide. In case you are looking at only producing a single compact web site, it is possible to pick bandwidth of about 25GB and this can operate very easily for you personally. You ought to decide on a plan, which features a low initial registration fee, and low cost package plans. Check what the organization gives when it comes to service uptime as you don't want your web-site to be down for a long time period. Uptime guarantees higher than 99% are not uncommon.
There's a much more robust providing inside the field of hosting that is generally known as virtual private server hosting or VPS hosting. VPS hosting has gained considerable growth within the past few years as a result of truth that it is actually affordable, dependable and far far more efficient than the usual shared hosting plans. This is usually utilised to retailer data in large quantities and with VPS hosting you're fundamentally offered with a virtual server that you simply have total control of. For the larger companies that have their own technical staff this gives a great resolution and is actually a lot more affordable than acquiring servers and getting high bandwidth World-wide-web connections.
So as to launch a website on the planet wide internet it truly is necessary to obtain a hosting account exactly where the files you build is often uploaded and produced live. When thinking of web hosting, the size and growth of one's web-site are critical considerations and for those who think that the web-site will grow really significant then VPS hosting is often a superior selection. You can find literally thousands of firms offering all sorts of plans but among the list of most vital elements would be the reliability from the host. It really is worth paying a bit additional when the uptime is larger as you do not want your website to be down. Immediately after that check the bandwidth and disk storage options.
Kindly check out this site for more information: web hosting.


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Sport Sound Jobs for Composers, Sound Manufacturers, Designers & Programmers
Pleasant to the first sport audio careers board. Sense free to search and apply for those that most useful suit you. Change the research phrases and place for new and intriguing results. Much like any work program, make sure and see the qualitfications and be professional. Visit these pages day-to-day for the newest listings.
Remember that the vast majority of sport audio careers are never posted. They occur following decades of specific service or by conference the best person at the right time. It all game audio jobs down to trust. Escape and make contacts in the industry and get yourself known. Sporadically, that board can feature audio careers that live outside the overall game industry.
You'll see sets from radio section results to activities franchise companies seeking help. Jobs in music course every market, therefore be sure to establish to establish the one you are targeting. Putting a situation or town to the research line can narrow down the outcome and allow you to get nearer to the specified postings.
Pull out that continue and take to your luck with new job. Whether you prefer in-house positions or agreement work, these entries should keep you covered. Make sure to also check another job boards as you cannot contain it all.
Though some are fortunate to get careers placements without a amount, it can be quite beneficial to enroll in an music design program and understand the basics. There's also game music unique colleges which offer a sophisticated curriculum. As middleware grows and evolves, the job requirements is going to do the same. Stay together with applications like FMOD and Wwise because they are at the front of interactive audio.
Composers and noise designers must certanly be common with one of these programs and most sound careers involve it. As activities develop in dimensions and complexity, it can help to keep prepared with programs such as Soundminer. The pipeline of music assets in a game title can be overwhelming and such items make the growth period more manageable.
Be sure and touch into the incredible neighborhood of game audio practitioners and study from a nice band of enthusiastic professionals.


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Check out this fabulous 5 star review on
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His Ring ~ A Sweet & Steamy Romance
(My hot new release)
5 star review on Amazon, Okada Books
& Smashwords
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INDECENT ~ So Seductive
& Smashwords
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Wild Whispers ~ A Tender Romance
Other reviews on Amazon & Goodreads
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Red Velvet Rose ~ A Valentine Romance
5 star review on Amazon.com
Goodreads and Smashwords.
* * *
Seduced Hearts ~ A Body ~ Tingling Romance
When my hot new release, Seduced Hearts bagged whooping
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When satisfied customers leave refreshing
5 star reviews on Amazon & on
Smashwords my joy soars.
Even when the review is less flattering on Amazon, it adds up to give me a splendid experience.
More reviews on Smashwords
There are readers who summed up my books more than I could. I duff my heart to each one of my readers who have taken the time to write down their thoughts and feelings.
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Royal Cowries
The first historical romance has stunning 5 star reviews on Amazon
Omolara wrote a beautiful 5 star review on Smashwords
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The hottest novel has smashing 5 star reviews on Goodreads & Amazon.
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I love how Stella introduces readers to the world of blue eyed Logan Blake and Lorna Ibe:
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Thank you to all Flirty & Feisty Romance Readers for buying, reading and reviewing. I duff my hat to you and I want you to know that I hold you in high esteem.
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Thank you for stopping by. Please share your comments, so I know you stopped by. It gives me great pleasure to read your views.
You remain unforgettable,
Our promise...is to deliver an intensely emotional experience you'll never forget.


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Overnight snow turned our muddy browns of spring back to white, and after a spell of welcome warmth, it's cold days and freezing nights again for most of the next week or two, if forecasts turn out to be right. Waiting for the field to dry out enough to work, which in recent … [Read more...] about It's white again
Looking for leaves
The snow's gone, replaced by puddles and mud. You can still see the road through the trees—the only aerial green so far is evergreen. An overall browned-out scene, but what's not in the pic is the vigorous twittering of birds, the tantalizing hint of real warmth in the still … [Read more...] about Looking for leaves
Spring begins with the weather!
There's official calendar Spring, and then there's spring in the field, that ignores exact dates and goes by the weather, marking winter as over whenever the freezing temperatures end. If today's two-week weather forecast is anything to go by—it is, in this case, when being off … [Read more...] about Spring begins with the weather!
Today's weather
Spring, soon! So far, though, still chilly and winterish. The photo describes it perfectly: not much snow, but cold enough for the thin layer to stick around (-10°C/14°F at night). And no signs of fresh new green growth just yet... It's good to know, because it's happened before, … [Read more...] about Today's weather
Steel in the field
The steel and plastic for a 108'x30' double-walled hoophouse, just delivered to the field. Up before snow falls? That's the plan, but it's only 50:50, depending on the weather. … [Read more...] about Steel in the field


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You should now be capable to make the correct choice subsequent time you will have an issue along with your automobile. Do not get stuck on the facet of the highway. Don't overpay for your elements. Do not get duped by the side-road mechanic. As an alternative, get treated proper with the tips that have been discussed right here.
Using tips and tips about auto restore can help you for the remainder of your life. Apart from familiarizing yourself with the standard issues that your automobile would endure from, it is advisable to keep in mind the tips in this article. Read it the following time you find yourself in want of auto repair.
Have you ever puzzled whether or not you might save some cash doing the car repairs your self? Have you ever wished you can select a better auto repair shop or be capable to better diagnose the issue with your automobile? Take the time now to maintain reading about some great suggestions for making the suitable selections relating to your auto repairs.
All the time ask upfront how much labor costs at that specific shop. In truth, don't give them your keys until you have a clear understanding of what you may be charged. Many instances, this info is not posted in an obvious place, so it is very important know what you're getting your self into.
Comply with your automotive's tune up schedule. Each automotive is completely different, and meaning each has completely different needs. A tune up schedule for one will not be the identical for another. Look into your automotive guide for particulars on a proper tune-up schedule in your model. In any other case, you possibly can have more problems sooner or later.


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Vice Presidential Candidate of the New Patriotic Party (NPP), Dr Mahamudu Bawumia, has questioned President John Mahama's analogy in which the latter likened the struggling Ghanaian economy to the senior national soccer team, the Black Stars.
According to Dr Bawumia, it was only an incompetent team that thrived on excuses, which had become the hallmark of the John Mahama administration.
He wondered why an oil-producing country like Ghana could go to the IMF, cup in hand, begging for a bail-out, all because of mismanagement.
Mr Mahama, in his State of the Nation Address on Thursday, compared the comatose economy to the senior national team, predicting that Ghana would rise again from its woes under his presidency, just as the Black Stars who were not given a dog's chance came close to lifting the trophy at the recent Africa Cup of Nations in Equatorial Guinea.
But Dr Bawumia said if a coach and his team were given the opportunity to deliver and they failed, they were sacked, hence Ghanaians must do same to John Dramani Mahama and his team of non-performing and incompetent Ministers.
Speaking to students at the Wa Campus of the University of Development Studies on Saturday, Dr Bawumia noted that only competent players could deliver results for a team and that a mediocre team would inevitably produce mediocre results.
That, he said, was because the most important factor that determined the performance of any team was competence and not hope, using the Black Stars and other football teams to illustrate his point.
'Our Black Stars can be used as a benchmark for us to look up to because we have a Black Stars team made up of competent players in their own right. Competent players deliver results. A mediocre team will give you only mediocre results no matter the hope you have in them,' he said.
Teams, according to him, 'don't win just on the basis of hope. If a team has a coach who is not good and players who are not good, disciplined and committed, then of course everyone would be justified to be cynical about the chances of that team.'
Instead, he insisted that 'teams win because they work at it. A team performs when it has a competent coach or management whose tactics work; and good, disciplined and committed players' and that 'players who are not doing well are dropped for better players who fit the needed requirements' while 'new coaches are appointed to replace coaches who are not getting results.'
These, for him, were the critical factors to consider in ensuring performance for any team including the Black Stars—the reason there were constant changes in the Black Stars and all over the football world at the playing and technical levels.
Dr Bawumia said the same way players and coaches were dropped, governments which missed golden opportunities to transform their economies and improve the living conditions of the people should be shown the exit to pave way for competent administrations to deliver the needed results.
'If you choose a player who cannot perform, will you select them again? If you give a player the chance to take a penalty and they turn to kick the ball in the opposite direction (and turn around to tell you it is a smart penalty kick), will you field them again? If you catch your goalkeeper or captain taking bribes to sell a match, will you field that goalkeeper or player?' he asked, with each question being met with a spontaneous 'No!' from the packed crowd.
'So same way players and coaches are dropped when they fail to perform, as a government, when you waste a golden opportunity you should be shown the door,' he insisted.
He wondered why three years after Ghana started exporting oil, 'we still go to the IMF, cup in hand, begging for a financial bailout,' adding that 'this is unforgivable!'
On the current troubled state of the Ghanaian economy, he pointed out that despite the fact that the current government had accrued much more resources than any government in the country's history, the economy was now virtually broke because of mismanagement and unprecedented corruption.
Dr Bawumia noted that as a result of the frightening accumulation of debt under the NDC, Ghana now had huge interest payments to cough up, meaning that government now had little to spend on the critical sectors of the economy.
'The interest payment on this debt in 2014 alone is four times Ghana's oil revenue in 2014. In 2015, interest payments alone on the debt would amount to GH¢9.5 billion (compared to a total debt stock of GH¢9.5 billion in 2008)', he said, wondering how this could be described as smart borrowing, since according to him 'the increase in interest payments by 4.3% of GDP between 2008 and 2015 (i.e. from 2.8% in 2008 to 7.1% in 2015) has left the government with very little money to spend on other critical areas.'
The government, explaining the national debt which had ballooned from GH¢9.5 billion in January 2009 to GH¢76 billion in December 2014, said it was 'smart borrowing' because the projects would pay for themselves, citing the Atuabo Gas project.
However, that was the only project that would pay for itself, as projects on roads and schools would not bring any financial returns.
By Charles Takyi-Boadu
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1 Result in category Catering
As always, Jump Kitchen keeps it light, fresh, and tasty. Whether you are looking for a photo shoot lunch, a wrap party, or department head dinner, Jump Kitchen can provide you with creative and sensitively prepared meals.
Greenwich Village, New York City, New York
United States


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Fulmar in flight
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Websites Hosted in dns91.unilever.com Nameserver
The Nameserver dns91.unilever.com have a IP Address of 18.104.22.168 which is hosted on United Kingdom.
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Spectacular Classic Sunset Cruise
To enjoy Kota Kinabalu's spectacular sunset moments set sail on a sunset cruise with Raja Laut. Admire a glorious sunset while enjoying chilled beverages with family and friends. A perfect way to finish the day and start the evening, the Raja Laut sunset cruise transports you to a bygone era in style and comfort.
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Raja Laut, meaning "king of the Seas" in Malay, is a classic sailing boat celebrating the meeting of eastern and western civilizations in the South China Sea.
Day and sunset cruises, special events, team building, weddings : Raja Laut can the setting point of numerous events. Her spacious deck area is ideal for fine dining or finger foods. Below deck she is fully air-conditioned, with ensuite cabins for 12 passengers staying overnight, and an elegant and comfortable lounge.
Contact our travel consultants now and start planning your holiday!
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A Ghanaian taxi driver confronts a Police man with eggs and threatens to curse him over traffic light issue. Watch below.
It's rare to see taxi drivers arguing with the police over obvious road offence committed but this time, an unknown Ghanaian taxi driver went to the extreme.
Kermit, Miss Piggy divorce after 40 years of love
A secretly recorded footage which surfaced online a few days ago shows a taxi driver, who claims he has been wrongly accused of crossing the red light confronted the police officer who accuses him with eggs and declares; "Wo y3 a, m3b) wo dua" in Akan dialect which translates "I will curse you!".
Robber in jail after he tried to carjack vehicle full of police officers
Watch video of how that confrontation ended below.


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- Play: Click here
- Song Name: Episode 58
- Artist: The Dirty Kong Podcast
- Album: jon
- Year: 2012
Part 2 of 2
Children in need, donkeys then snow leopards…right?! Australians without swimming pools, how do we punish sexual deviants?…you'll never know with j's drunken ramblings…I'm so sorry listeners… we also hear about elephants speaking human words, men being forced to marry his dead wife's sister and and j train even trys to pronounce some foreign names!? Crazy?! As time goes by we gradually get less and less coherent. it gets worse than usual people...
We are so sorry listeners.
Our bad…
Contact us on:
Email: email@example.com
Skype messages on: jonodirtykong
Facebook/twitter: dirty kong podcast


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This is an Important step to finding out what you need. Now what is stopping you from starting your own World Wide Webpage today?
In Lesson one(#1) you learn what you need to make your own Webpage. Why dont we find out how to design your own World Wide Webpage.
In Lesson one(#2) you learn how to make your own Webpage. In This final lesson we learn how to Add your completed webpage on to the World Wide Internet.
|Your Online Web Design Tutor.
|What Lesson are you doing today?
|Lesson #1 of 3 What do you need to make your Web-page?.
|Lesson #2 of 3 How to make your actual Web-page? .
|Lesson #3 of 3 We can transfer your Web-page on to the Web.


text: Our extensive spur gearbox range offers good torque to size ratios coupled with high efficiencies. Multiple gears trains allows the possibility to have very high ratios. Thanks to this technology it is possible to; – Have low friction per gear train. – Arrange gear trains per design of the gearbox. – Input and output shafts that do not necessarily have to be in line. – Low / No backlash versions – Long gearbox of smaller diameter or short gearbox of large diameter can be proposed. Cylindrical or ovoid, our spur gearbox range can deliver torques up to 4 Nm at very competitive prices. If the standard configuration does not meet the application requirement then a customised design could be proposed, even for low volumes.


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In today's environment, legal, health care and other professionals must be concerned as much with protecting their livelihoods as they are with providing a service. With increasing regulatory scrutiny and a culture of litigation, effective legal counsel for professionals is more essential than ever. That's because being sued for negligence or malpractice can be expensive, time-consuming and traumatic.
HLGR has the resources to handle all facets of these significant and high-risk cases. Our lawyers have been helping clients deal with liability and ethics issues for more than two decades. We are members of the Association of Professional Responsibility Lawyers. HLGR attorneys serve on the American Bar Association's Standing Committee on Ethics and Professional Responsibility and have taught, written, and lectured extensively about professional conduct and ethics. Finally, HLGR's team includes insurance lawyers well versed in professional liability insurance issues.
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100% Tempranillo (Tinto Fino). Vines planted from 1914-1934. Tended in sandy and limestone soil at 824 m. The grapes are picked manually during the cool night hours. Fermented in stainless steel then aged for three months before filtration and bottling.


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Implementing Critical CSS on your website
37 100+ 5 5 1 6
details Share on Facebook, Twitter or Google+
This may look hellaciously complicated or at least unfamiliar, but it's not so bad. Let's break it down.
First, we use my Cookies plugin to get the value of the critical-css cookie (though we could just as easily use JavaScript as well). This just stores whether our full site CSS has been downloaded or not, by storing the version of the CSS in the cookie.
For my websites, I use server-side filename-based cache busting so that when I change the CSS or JS, I can increment this number, and the cache will be broken for people visiting my website, and they'll get the latest.
All you really need to know about this is that


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This video is for snowboarders who are willing to take the challenge on flexibility and balance. When you are moving on your snowboard you are sliding your board across the snow melting a tiny of the snow so seriously you are gliding on a thin film of water. As the rider, you want to know your present true weight, height, shoe size, encounter level, and basic mental strategy to sport in order for an equipment expert to guide you towards the ideal equipment. Fundamental snowboarding tricks are not incredibly really hard to master, which is part of the cause why this sport has been expanding so swiftly in current years. Snowboard competition in the current years has been gaining popularity amongst all winter sports.
Two of the more sophisticated snowboard tricks you'll see, and are just sane enough to want to try, are the backside 360 and the McTwist. Not only is this an necessary security measure, but this also makes it possible for another pair of eyes to observe your kind and give ideas on what you need to have to do in order to increase your performance through the studying procedure. As is true with mastering any new strategy, have an individual on hand who has mastered these tricks.


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Paramount Shuts Down "Ninja Turtles" Production
Michael Bay's "Ninja Turtles" reboot has had rough sailing since its announcement. Whether it was negative fan fallout over the initial announcement of the Turtles being from an alien race, "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" creator Peter Laird addressing the updated origin or Kevin Eastman's endorsement, the film has certainly garnered a cornucopia of media attention. However, it looks like the heroes in a half shell will have remain on their home planet for the time being as The Hollywood Reporter reveals Paramount Pictures has shut down the reboot, pushing the December 2013 release date to May 2014. THR reports the studio has laid off pre-production staff for an "indefinite" work stoppage.
The news comes after a number of notable film delays for Paramount following the release of box-office dud "Battleship," including "G.I. Joe: Retaliation" and Brad Pitt's "World War Z." "Ninja Turtles" is produced by Bay's Platinum Dunes with Jonathan Liebesman attached to direct a script written by Kevin Eastman and Andre Nemec.
"Kids are going to believe, one day, that these turtles do exist, when we are done with this movie," said Bay at the revelation of the Turtles' new origin. "These Turtles are from an alien race, and they are going to be tough, edgy, funny and completely lovable."
Stay tuned to CBR News for more on the "Ninja Turtles" production shutdown.
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- View More From "My Best Work." Article appears in HOW's December 2009 Issue.
Michael Osborne's assignment was to find a nonprofit in another country, identify a graphic design need, and actually do the work. Read about his experience working with the Global Aids Interfaith Alliance, and how his project touched the lives of villagers in Africa.
Click Here to See the Article
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WASHINGTON -- The Department of Defense won't be joining the ranks of semiconductor manufacturers, no matter how rampant the problem of counterfeit components is.
That's the recommendation from a special Defense Science Board Task Force on Cyber Supply Chain. In its final report, issued today,the task force found that the capital cost of maintaining a DoD-owned trusted foundry is not a feasible expense. The task force recommends that the DoD develop a long-term strategy for access to state-of-the-art commercial foundry capabilities that does not rely exclusively on trust; and continue R&D investments of DoD agencies for a technology-enabled strategy that fosters new tools to better defend against cyber supply chain attacks.
The task force assessed the organization, missions, and authorities that encompass the use of microelectronics and components in DoD weapons systems. The task force addressed:
The task force concluded that the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics (USD(AT&L)) must strengthen lifecycle protection policies, enterprise implementation support, and R&D programs to ensure that DoD weapons systems are designed, fielded, and sustained in a way that reduces the likelihood and consequences of cyber supply chain attacks.


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How it is that events always turn for the worse. The Con Artist's friend Taz — more of a friend of her other friend Wrist, really — tracks her down in a panic. Wrist is kidnapped! Stolen away! Forced to return to his home village. What?
The green-eyed man from the Isles appeared and with Wrists' cousins, forced him away. Probably back to his home village, Calder's Run. What could this mean?
The Con Artist, naturally, gathers her army. The Blacksmith doesn't feel the urgency, but goes to get the Historian anyway. Perhaps the Historian should now be the Apprentice, for that is how he spends his time in Dishun's Apothecary — as an apprentice. Dishun sends him on his way with a mysterious glass vial filled with something green and evil.
To the east the army travels: The Merchant, the Blacksmith, the Apprentice and the Con Artist. Plus, of course, the army: The Merchant's Bodyguard, Taz and three of his dubious friends from the dockworker's unions and Mutt, the bouncer at the Con Artists' regular hangout.
Into the foggy east they go, knowing it is a fell time to walk the fens. Hags are about, as are the Grey Ladies, either bringing a horrible fate though one brings more spilled blood than the other.
Calder's Run is an unwelcoming place. Strange fishy totems guard the wagon track, and fog threatens to swallow the interlopers into the muck of the swamp. But they perservere.
It is midnight when eyes are set upon the village, and the little army sees bustling activity. Midnight in a village readying itself for a wedding. How strange.


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Simply Wrought Iron offers a horizontal paper towel holder with acorn accent silhouette, and measures 12 inches wide x 8.25 inches high x 4 inches deep. The acorn accent iron paper towel holder is precision cut from a single piece of flat wrought iron. Three 90 degree cuts / bends form the wrought iron paper towel holder. The acorn silhouette "caps" the back wall mount section, and measures 4.25 inches wide by 5.25 inches high. Factory powder coated.
Horizontal Paper Towel Holder Specifications:
OVERALL DIMENSIONS (Including silhouette):


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Stan Kuzia is the Founder of Global Emergency Response, Inc. In this capacity, he provides leadership in the overall vision and strategic direction of the company. Prior to founding GER in 2004, Stan spent the majority of his career in executive positions in the professional medical, biotechnology, and investment industries with several Fortune 500 companies.
As First Vice President, Investments at Smith Barney/Citigroup – Robinson Humphrey Co., he managed assets for individuals and foundations and was licensed in over 30 states.
Stan's industry focus in the emergency healthcare and medical response sectors was sparked during his tenure in multi-state and division management positions for therapeutic and bio-pharmaceutical companies.
He received his Bachelor of Arts in Biology from Colby College, Waterville, ME.
- firstname.lastname@example.com
- 866.404.6911


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it's not a java technique AFAIK, but, in the approach I would take, you would have to divide the amount in thousands hundreds ... I guess you could call that 'to dispense the amount', in a certain way, allthough english is not my first language, so I'm not entirely sure … Read More
[QUOTE]int[] arrNumbers = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19};[/QUOTE] ie arrNumbers [i] == i+1 really? Read More
[QUOTE=stultuske;1731493]and, as soon as you inputted it, that value is the original number I was talking about :)[/QUOTE] ok i understand ..what i did not understand is this part: and print this number following by the word 'thousand' you subtract this number (*1000, off course) from your original number and … Read More
and, what don't you understand? step 1: you have your number step 2: a variable you call thouNumb = number/1000 step 3: print thouNumb " thousand" step 4: number = number - ( thouNumb * 1000) repeat the same steps for hundreds, .. until you have worked through the entire … Read More
If I can make a suggestion... There's a lot going on here for a beginner. Why not break it down into easy steps that you can work out one at a time: 1. Write, test and debug a version for numbers 1-19 only. 2. When that's working, enhance it to … Read More
Edited by zeroliken: n/a
Edited by peter_budo: Keep It Clear - Do use code tags when posting any code
Edited by zeroliken: n/a
Edited by peter_budo: Keep It Clear - Do use code tags when posting any code


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Father turns himself in with missing child after Amber Alert is issued
Our cameras were there as Frank Bragg turned himself in to authorities with his son Donovan, who was reported missing earlier.
State police located The mother, Amanda Rua, shortly after.
Police say both had a court order warrant for both of them, and on order to take custody of Donovan away.
The amber alert was sent out around 4pm when they say Donovan was last seen on spring avenue in Troy.
However, we're still looking into why they weren't together when they were found, and why those court orders were issued.
We're told Frank Bragg is in the Rensselaer county jail. Last we've heard from police is that Amanda Rua was taken into custody by NY State Police. Authorities say the baby is safe, but no word yet on where he's being housed.


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Two World Titles On The Line in Manchester Oct 10th
Oct 05 2015 4:49 PM
{loadposition aboveComponent}
This Saturday, undefeated WBO World Lightweight Champion Terry Flanagan (28-0) makes the first defense of his title when he faces Diego Magdaleno (28-1).
Also, the vacant WBO World Super Welterweight title will be filled as Liam Smith (20-0-1) faces John Thompson (17-1).
Includes a review of the odds up at the sport books.


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You can check all your transactions online. You can check and view your points, transactions, redemptions, and view your statement of account. You can also view offerings and promotions.
At the moment, you will be receiving e-mails from us from time to time on on-going promotions, offers and contests. Please be reminded that Virgin Megastore will never ask for your bank account details online. Contest winners lists will be broadcasted over at our official site and communicated through email and or SMS. For further enquiries on this you can email us at firstname.lastname@example.com
After collecting your card from our stores, log on to: www.virginmegastore.co and click on the "Sign Up":
Log on to www.virginmegastore.co , and click on" Sign Up"
Please check in your Junk mail or Spam inbox. If you fail to locate this, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com to check on your email address and for further advice.
Click on the 'Forgot Password' and you will receive an email with a new password.
We advise you to compose your password using:


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For many years experts have raised a red flag. The U.S. is becoming a fat nation. In our daily life, junk food, fat and fast food are everywhere. They're at work, at home, at the malls, and at the ballpark.
The consequence: an estimated 64% of Americans today are either overweight or obese, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Poor nutrition and physical inactivity account for some 300,000 premature deaths in the U.S. each year due to diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and other illnesses, and obesity costs the nation $117,000,000,000 a year.
So what to do about this huge problem? The strategy so far has been to tell people that being overweight is unhealthy and so they should change their diet and exercise more. But many argue that hasn't worked terribly well. After all, despite all this advice, Americans are fatter than ever.
So now, some call for a "war on obesity," with more dramatic actions that would give clear incentives for people to stop eating so much. One proposition on the table, the creation of a fat-tax, adding a small tax on high calorie food such as sugary sodas, candies and snack food to finance programs to improve diet and activity.
But taxing junk food raises questions. For example, should all of us pay more to indulge ourselves just because some can't control themselves? And is obesity just an individual problem or is it a societal one? A question of self-discipline or of environment?