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Releasing Bouncer: Roles and Permissions for Laravel apps
Published on by Joseph Silber
After many years in development, 56 releases, 1.3 million downloads, and over 2,800 unsolicited stars, Bouncer has finally reached version 1.0. It has been extremely reliable and stable for quite a while now, and is being used in production by countless apps worldwide.
This is a personal update, with some musings about my journey through the years - from inception to final release. For technical information on how to use Bouncer day to day, check out the extensive documentation or listen to me discuss it with Matt Stauffer on The Laravel Podcast.
What is Bouncer?
Before diving into my personal journey, here's a quick overview of what Bouncer is, and how it fits into the greater Laravel ecosystem.
Bouncer is an open source package for dynamically managing roles and permissions in the database, fully integrated with Laravel's Gate.
Without getting into detail, here's a short list of some of its key features:
Bouncer::allow($user)->to('view', Invoice::class);Bouncer::allow($user)->to('delete', $invoice);
Bouncer::allow($user)->to('view', Invoice::class);Bouncer::forbid($user)->to('view', $confidentialInvoice);
...and much more. For details, check out the full documentation, or just glance over the cheat sheet.
The original idea for Bouncer
Back in August of 2015, Taylor added a new Authorization system in Laravel 5.2, called the Gate
. This provided a nice API for defining permission checks in your app for various actions, through simple define
callbacks and full on policies, as well as hooks throughout the system for checking permissions against what you've defined.
As soon as I started playing with this, I knew it will be the future of ACL for all Laravel apps. It's just so good. Taylor has this amazing sense for clear and intuitive APIs, and the Gate
abstraction really brought that to light.
However, one thing was missing from the built-in authorization system: dynamic permissions, stored in the database. The way the gate is built, all checks are performed by hard-coded functions defined in your app, so there's no way to allow your admins to control any of it at runtime via some dashboard UI. As Taylor's original commit clearly states:
[The built-in gate] gives a structure to organizing logic that authorizes actions on entities. It does not make any determination on how "user roles" are stored
At the time, there were many other popular ACL systems which did support tweaking permissions at runtime, but they had one major drawback: they were all built prior to Laravel's Gate
. They were completely separate systems; if you decided to use them, you would forgo all of the niceties and beautiful integrations that Laravel's gate offered.
So I decided to build an open source package that would get you the best of both worlds: dynamic DB-driven permissions, fully integrated with Laravel's gate. We made some improvements to the gate checks in Laravel 5.3, making it more streamlined and predictable, thus easier to store those abilities in the DB.
The Bouncer name and logo
The name Bouncer
came to me pretty early on. A bouncer's duty is to provide security at the gate and to check people's permissions. So this was a very natural paring to the Gate
in Laravel.
Interestingly, the logo designer I was working with at the time (who is not a native English speaker) did not get the reference. Here are some original logos he designed:
The two to the right are clearly inspired by a bouncing motion. Oof! Hopefully native speakers do get it right away.
After quickly clarifying the meaning of the word bouncer, we started iterating on actual bouncers. We tried friendly bouncers, threatening bouncers, bearded bouncers, square-jawed bouncers, and a ton of different variations. Here are just a few:
I'm quite fond of what we ultimately ended up with:
It exudes a strong sense of security, but the roundness makes it feel friendlier and less threatening.
Technical underpinnings
Bouncer's raison d'etre is to seamlessly integrate with Laravel's gate. To achieve that, I set out with a single goal in mind: you should only have to interact with Bouncer
when assigning roles and abilities to users. For the actual authorization checks, Laravel's own hooks throughout the system should work automatically, without any special Bouncer syntax.
The way Bouncer hooks into Laravel's gate checks is pretty simple. The Gate
lets you define a global before
callback, which gets called before any other checks you've defined: if your before
callback allows or disallows an action, no further checks will run.
While the before
callback was originally intended for stuff like "allow everything for admins", I immediately realized that this would be the perfect place to hook up dynamic checks, allowing me to query the database for any permissions. This is how it originally worked (we later switched it to using the after
callback - you can read more about that in this thread).
From the get-go, documentation has been extremely important to me. Open source projects live or die by their documentation, so I wanted Bouncer's docs to be the best it possibly can. And especially in the Laravel ecosystem, Taylor has set an extremely high bar for meticulous documentation.
In a way, clear docs are sometimes even more important than the code itself. Without telling your users how to use your tool, very few of them will source dive to figure it out. They'll just move on to the next thing.
I attribute a lot of Bouncer's success to the clear documentation, but there's still a lot more to do on that front. Being the creator and having a clear picture of the whole puzzle, it's easy to forget what people new to the tool struggle with.
For example: as stated earlier, Bouncer is only meant to be used for assigning roles and permissions to users. The actual authorization checks are to be handled like you would in any standard Laravel app. So I figured I don't have to repeat all that, since it's clearly outlined in the Laravel docs. Nevertheless, I still see people struggle with that a lot. They set up their their roles and permissions, then don't know where to go from their. That's an area I still want to flesh out in the docs.
Working up to the release
Let me just state this right now: postponing the 1.0 release till now has done my users a disservice. Bouncer has been stable for years, and actively used in production the world over. And yet, I was always hesitant to release it, since I knew there's so much more I want to add to it. I discussed this at length with Matt on the podcast: I fell down the trap of wanting to make it perfect before releasing it, which is obviously impossible. As Voltaire has warned: "Perfect is the enemy of good".
So as I'm releasing version 1.0 of Bouncer, there are still 2 outstanding features that I really wanted to have included in the initial release, but didn't make the cut:
Per-model roles. For the longest time, people have been clamoring to have a way of assigning roles to users only for a given model (or model class). Here's what that code would look like:
// Note: this is not implemented yetBouncer::allow('editor')->to(['view', 'edit'])->everything();Bouncer::assign('editor')->to($user)->for(Invoice:class);With that, the user would be able to do see and edit all invoices, but nothing else. This can of course now be done directly without a role, but doing it through a role would provide another level of flexibility.
I've tried tackling this many times, but it turns out to be quite tricky, because caching becomes a real nightmare. I still hope to tackle it one day. We'll see.
Ability constraints. Allowing arbitrary constraints on a given ability would add even more granular control:
// Note: this is not implemented yetBouncer::allow($user)->to('view', Post::class)->where('is_confidential', false);If you go source diving in Bouncer, you'll find some code and tests where I started implementing this. It's far from done, but stay tuned.
Overall, Bouncer is in a really great place. Every good product has a long roadmap, and thinking I can get to the end of that road before releasing a 1.0 was both foolish and unrealistic.
So there, live on air during the podcast, I released Bouncer. It felt great!
Enjoy using it!
Well that's a wrap. I hope you try Bouncer in your app, and enjoy using it. Bouncer's API is designed to feel like prose, with every method call reading like a proper English sentence. Try it, and let me know if you get that feeling too!


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No-Busywork Literature Guides that Don't Kill the Book
I adore the no-busywork literature guides that don't kill the book from 7Sisters Homeschool! Today I'm thrilled to talk about the elementary and the high school literature guides, as well as some other wonderful materials from the 7 Sisters!
Disclosure: I get commissions for purchases made through affiliate links in this post.
Be sure to scroll to the bottom for a chance to win one of four Elementary Literature Guides!
Elementary Literature Guides
Each elementary literature guide is about 9-12 pages long. It includes information for the parent, a synopsis of the story, readability level, and activities.
Here are the currently available no-busywork literature guides:
- A New Coat for Anna
- Amazing Grace
- Aunt Flossie's Hats
- Beethoven Lives Upstairs
- Corduroy
- Curious George
- Freckle Juice
- If you Made a Million
- Just in time for Christmas
- Mike Mulligan and His Steam Shovel
- Miss Nelson is Missing
- Miss Rumphius
- Sunflower House
- The One in the Middle is a Green Kangaroo
- The Reason for a Flower
- The Christmas Miracle of Jonathan Toomey
- The Tale of Peter Rabbit
- The Very Hungry Caterpillar
- The Whale's Song
- You Are Special
Click here for Literature Ideas from Sabrina Justison's workshop
How to Use the No-Busywork Literature Guides for Elementary
I looked specifically at the elementary literature guide for Beethoven Lives Upstairs. First, there is some information for the parent to explain the objectives of the teaching and guide. Next, you see a synopsis and the readability level (end of 4th grade). Then come the activities.
There is a worksheet for the kids to fill out the following information:
- Title
- Author
- Genre
- Characters
- Setting
There is a decoding skill (syllabication) and a Roll'em and Read'em game. Vocabulary words are listed for the kids to look up the definitions.
The Comprehension skills for this guide/book are to see how the author uses letters to tell a story and to recognize the point of view used. There are 5 comprehension questions as well.
I love the Research section which guides the parent to help the student learn more about Beethoven, listen to his music, and find the places listed in the book on a map!
The 5 included worksheets are for the Story Elements, Syllabication, and the Roll'em and Read'em game.
The elementary literature guides are sure to help the homeschool parent work through a book with their student in a fun and interesting way. No busywork and they won't kill the book!
Another great feature? There is a 10-Day No-Questions-Asked Money-Back Guarantee on all 7Sisters EBook curriculum!
High School Guides We Used
I love teaching high school literature! The last time we were at our homeschool co-op we used these two literature guides from 7Sisters:
- Perelandra
- Antigone
I love how easy they are to use. I specifically used the Perelandra guide with the students; another teaching used Antigone.
One great feature is that they provide different ways to use it depending on your specific students: Basic/Average, College Prep, Advanced, and Honors. For example, in the Advanced level, the students will use the descriptions in the book along with their imagination to describe the land and water features, plant and animal life of Perelandra, as well as draw a map.
The Student literature guide for Perelandra includes a biography of C.S. Lewis, Introductory material which helps the student gain a helpful background before reading the book, vocabulary, 59 questions, and a list of references used for creating the guide. The Parent/Teacher guide contains definitions of the vocabulary words and answers to all the questions.
We divided up the reading into 3 weeks, so I divided up the words and questions as well. Then, the students and I met for an hour once a week to discuss the questions and answers.
The Perelandra literature study guide saved me so much time! I highly recommend it for teaching high school literature, and if all the guides are this well done, then I recommend them as well!
High School Curriculum We're Using Fall 2021
Introduction to Psychology from a Christian Perspective: My oldest daughter who will be a senior in high school in the fall of 2021 will be using the Intro to Psychology curriculum from 7Sisters. I'm very excited about this curriculum for her because it's high quality AND written from a Christian perspective. There are sixteen chapters, and my daughter will earn a full credit with it.
Some of the chapters include The Brain and How it Works, Genetics, Communication, Looking at Personality & Theory, Sleep & Dreams, Abnormal Psychology, and Crisis Intervention.
Other 7Sisters Curricula I've Looked at But Haven't Used Yet
- Hymns and Creeds Study Guide
- The Truman Show Study Guide
- American Poetry
- Career Exploration
- Financial Literacy
- Interviewing Skills
Brand New!
Foundations of Physical Fitness is a brand new curriculum for teens. It combines videos with the text to help students learn to exercise correctly and incorporate it into their lives.
The instructors are certified fitness instructors with college degrees in related fields.
The text covers the following topics:
- Different Types of Fitness
- Progressive Overload
- Compound Exercises vs Isolation Exercises
- Form is King
- Cardiovascular Exercise
- Stretching and Mobility
- Real Fitness vs Fake Fitness
- Fit for Service
Foundations for Physical Fitness includes:
- Text (for 1/2 credit)
- Tests and Answer Key
- How-to Videos and Progress Charts (to complete the credit log 60-90 hours of fitness activity according to the videos and your teen's interest)
- Suggested Syllabus
Enter to win one of four elementary literature guides! The giveaway will end on the night of Sunday, June 27, 2021. One entry is to download a FREE list of the entire collection of 7Sisters Literature Study Guides. Go ahead and do that now so you can mark it off on the entry form!

subset: commoncrawl


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Shops and other establishments are gradually getting back to business and one cafe in Intramuros is getting the attention of the netizens for its tranquil and romantic ambiance.
La Cathedral Cafe is located just behind the Manila Cathedral church in Intramuros and it's giving us an al fresco European dining vibes.
The cafe describes their place as a "nice homey cafe where the food is hearty, the coffee is strong and the blessings are for free."
Walk-in customers are welcome between 8am-3pm but it is advisable to book a slot earlier than your supposed date since it's always fully booked!
Dining in from 3pm-9pm would also require a reservation through Facebook.
Would you bring your date here?
Post Views: 1,390


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View All Calendars is the default. Choose Select a Calendar to view a specific calendar. Subscribe to calendar notifications by clicking on the Notify Me® button, and you will automatically be alerted about the latest events in our community.
Bismarck Veterans Memorial Public Library, Computer Training Lab, Lower Level
Join us for hands-on technology workshops to help you make the most of your mobile devices. Devices will not be provided, so please bring your own for a hands-on experience. The class is free and lasts one hour. Register at the Information Desk.
Wing School 10:00-1:55
Edgewood Village 3:10-4:00
All Bookmobile Stops are Open to the Public!
'Tis the season for coziness. Grab a blanket, your fluffy socks, and your favorite warm drink or snack! Log your reading to earn badges January 15-March 18.
Meeting Room A, Lower Level
Ticket to Paradise (2022 - PG-13 - 1h 44m) A divorced couple teams up and travels to Bali to stop their daughter from making the same mistake they think they made 25 years ago.


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Chief Physician of the Pandemic Hospital Dr. Erol Uçaner has said that a record number of Covid-infected people had been diagnosed at the hospital yesterday. He said that 160 people had presented with the coronavirus in the space of two and a quarter hours and more were arriving, BRT reported.
Dr. Uçaner also noted that they increased the number of doctors in order to speed up the examinations at the hospital and that staff on leave have been recalled to work.
Referring to the increase in case numbers, Dr. Uçaner said that on Tuesday, a total of 95 Covid-infected patients were being treated at the Pandemic Hospital and in the quarantine ward of the Chest Diseases Department, 12 of whom were in intensive care.
He said that the Contact Tracing Team is aware of the number of cases that emerged overnight, Uçaner said, "The Contact Tracking Team sends new cases to us by dividing them into hours. The number of new cases sent to the Emergency Hospital between 09:00 and 11:15 this morning is 160".
Uçaner said, "Our only solution is for local governments to increase their control over indoor areas and impose punishments as a deterrent". He added that most of the 220 cases that emerged yesterday were TRNC citizens.
The age ranges of those being treated at the hospital are between 2 and 90, but the majority of patients are between the ages of 38 and 50.
The treatment period for patients was taking longer than expected due to the cold weather, he said.
Dr. Uçaner said that two-thirds of the patients being treated at the hospital are unvaccinated or have not completed the vaccination programme. Over half of the patients in intensive care and most of those on ventilators are unvaccinated. Most of them are in critical condition, he said.


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Maroochydore's last farmer puts 35 hectares of prime land up for sale in hot property market
/ By Jennifer NicholsAn eighth-generation farmer who is the owner of Maroochydore's last remaining undeveloped private land, is putting most of his prime Sunshine Coast property up for sale.
Key points:
- Peter Wise is accepting expressions of interest for 35 hectares of his prime Sunshine Coast farmland
- His family has been farming in the region since 1901
- He plans to continue growing figs and coffee beans on 4ha bordering the motorway
Pursued by dozens of developers over decades in the booming holiday hotspot, 81-year-old farmer Peter Wise has decided that now is the time to sell 35 hectares bordering Wises Road and the Sunshine Motorway, where he runs cattle next to suburbia.
"Time doesn't stop for anybody and it didn't stop for me and I just feel that this is the time to do it," Mr Wise said.
The Wise family has been farming on the Sunshine Coast since 1901. Peter Wise's British-born grandfather Frederick migrated to Australia chasing gold, before buying 'Palmyra' on Buderim for £800.
Mr Wise and his brother David purchased an adjoining 121ha of farmland in Maroochydore between 1965 and 1968.
But Mr Wise expected that this sale would proceed much faster than the 21 years it took to agree on his last large property exchange, back in 2002.
A section of the Sunshine Motorway, Maroochy Boulevard, the Sunshine Cove canal estate and kilometre-long Harvey Norman Homemaker centre complex, have all been built on land where tourists once picked their own fruit in the Wise family's orchards.
Mr Wise has not shied away from controversy, publicly butting heads with authorities and neighbours who tried to encroach on his land. He successfully fought for his rights in the Supreme Court.
This latest sale will be on his own terms, with no real estate agents involved. A 55-page information booklet of sale was prepared, before he agreed to allow expressions of interest from potential buyers.
"The sale of Wises Farm will be conducted under my version of a tender system where, at the end, a potential purchaser's cash offer is to include their best vision to redevelop the unique site," Mr Wise said.
"Both price and development vision by a potential purchaser will be considered equally in the sale process."
To ensure a premium price, a lapsed development plan has been updated and resubmitted.
Prior approvals
In 2012, the state's Planning and Environment Court gave preliminary approval for a development on the farmland, including residential housing, commercial and community uses along with open space and environmental management areas.
But the outdated documents lapsed, and on Wednesday Mr Wise's town planners lodged a modified development application with Sunshine Coast Regional Council.
It allows for seven precincts, including medium-density residential housing, low-density residential housing, a mixed-use precinct, a local centre precinct, and an environmental management precinct.
Between 500–700 homes could be built and his consultants, Innovative Planning Solutions, have also sought approval for a service station.
Two motorway underpasses exist, allowing traffic access through to the Sunshine Cove estate.
Mr Wise said the code-assessable approval process, would give developers time to put in their offers.
He still hopes that a Christian university will be part of his land's future, but said he understands that the new owner will make their own development decisions.
Real Estate Institute of Queensland chief executive Antonia Mercorella said with the current housing crisis on the Sunshine Coast she expected there would be "a very significant backlash if council didn't move quickly to approve the application."
"That's a big parcel of land with enormous potential. It's rare as hen's teeth and is going to attract a huge amount of attention from developers," Ms Mercorella said.
Record real estate prices
Simple house blocks in Maroochydore have sold for more than a million dollars in the past year, but Mr Wise was not speculating about the potential price of his extensive property.
"The value of this land has doubled in the past 18 months to two years. It's worth a lot of money I can assure you that," Mr Wise said.
"The last time [newsreader] Rob Brough spoke about it on Channel Seven [on the Sunshine Coast], he tongue-in-cheek made a bushman's valuation that it would be worth $50 million.
"Well, I'd like to congratulate him. At least he got he got the deposit right," he laughed.
Already a multi-millionaire, Mr Wise has no plans to give up farming.
He still owns the historic Palmyra homestead on Buderim and will keep 4 hectares of his Maroochydore land bordering the motorway where he grows and sells figs and is cultivating coffee trees.


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You have actually most likely heard the terms cannabis, cannabis, as well as hemp all considered in regard to CBD. The plant Cannabis sativa has 2 primary species, hemp and also cannabis. Both consist of CBD, but there's a much higher portion in hemp, which additionally has very low (less than 0.3%) levels of THC compared to marijuana.
" My method has patients strolling in every day asking about CBD," claims Houman Danesh, MD, supervisor of integrative pain monitoring for the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City City. Yet while there's great deals of unscientific proof, he says, "it's still very hard to claim" what the actual advantages are due to a serious lack of research.
The only CBD medication that is currently FDA-approved is Epidiolex, which the firm accepted last year for the therapy of certain kinds of epilepsy. Numerous people vouch CBD has actually aided with a multitude of various other health conditions, consisting of back pain, osteo arthritis, also cancer cells.
Nope. The cannabis plant is comprised of 2 primary players: CBD and THC. "CBD is the non-psychoactive section of the plant, so what that implies is you will not have any impacts like ecstasy," states Junella Chin, DO, an osteopathic medical professional as well as a clinical cannabis specialist for cannabisMD. "You won't really feel sedated or modified whatsoever."
It's a naturally happening substance that's used in items like oils and edibles to present a sensation of leisure and also calm. Unlike its relative, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the significant active component in marijuana, CBD is not psychedelic.
Active active ingredients that go into clean and also eco-friendly skin care can check out like brain surgery. For those who are mindful regarding things they place on their bodies, it takes many hours of research study along with trial-and-error to recognize which products actually function. All-natural derivatives and raw active ingredients are normally much safer, details skin sensitivities and also allergies may trigger us to react to products in a different way. Some speak highly of virgin coconut oil. Others attest that tea tree oil is the magic bullet for skin issues. Then there's Argan, Marula as well as most lately, Pili oils.
" Today, you just have drug stores trying to make some kind of feeling out of it and state, 'Yes, it helps this,'" he claims, "however that's not the means medicine is practiced– it should be based upon proof, as well as there's not a great deal of evidence to actually sustain these insurance claims."
When individuals discuss hemp oil, they're describing oil extracted from the seeds of the hemp plant. There are no cannabinoids– CBD or THC– in hemp oil. This active ingredient is loaded with healthy fats and also often appears in elegance products for its moisturizing benefits.
Cannabidiol (CBD) oil is originated from the Marijuana plant. It has several therapeutic advantages and can be utilized to alleviate the signs and symptoms of problems such as stress and anxiety, epilepsy, and also cancer cells. Many CBD items only include trace quantities of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), so they won't make you feel high. THC is the psychoactive cannabinoid in marijuana.
One particular natural active ingredient that's stimulated passion is cannabidiol or CBD oil. An extract sourced from cannabis or hemp plants, it's created quite the mix particularly amongst clean charm circles. Does it really function? What are its advantages to appeal and also overall wellness? As well as one repeating concern that numerous are dying to know: does one obtain "high" from making use of CBD-infused formulas?
Let's obtain points right. CBD comes from the non-intoxicating component of the marijuana plant, thereby making it devoid of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content. Some nations still enforce a ban on CBD-based items in their territories, these formulas are definitely safe and exhibits no potential for material dependancy or dependency. Some literary works will tell you that TCH levels in CBD are at a bare minimum, it can sometimes go undiscovered.
Cannabidiol has actually been expanding in popularity from the last decade. Although different from its high-inducing counterpart – THC, CBD products are understood for their pain-relieving effects as well as anti-inflammatory residential properties. With this being claimed, CBD items are critical components that are used in tinctures, oils, balms, and also edibles. Some firms make use of CBD for their impressive results on the body's wellness. Treatments and long-term remedy for incapacitating ailments are typically provided with the use of CBD items.
It's likewise vital to purchase third-party-tested CBD for quality assurance (a lot more on this later). Because the FDA does not manage CBD, it is possible to get an item that is more or less potent than advertised, and even includes small amounts of THC.
Yet despite the fact that it's infiltrating virtually every corner of the wellness world (hi, vegan CBD brownies!) many people still find CBD a little complex– particularly when it involves figuring out the proper way to utilize it and exactly how to make certain right stuff you're acquiring is, you recognize, actually legitimate. Below, we asked professionals to answer the most pressing inquiries regarding CBD. CBD, CBD mod cancer for cannabidiol, is a chemical compound from the Cannabid sativa plant, whish is additionally called marijuana or help, according to the US National Library of Medication.
Cannabis, however, is commonly incorrect always to have the psychoactive ingredients present on their pressures. Generally, there are two parent pressures on which Cannabis is acquired – Indicas and Sativas. Cannabis Sativa or Sativas are recognized for the head-high after-effects upon usage. Known for having high concentration levels of THC or Tetrahydrocannabinol, Sativa strains cause even more cerebral results and are ideal for day-time usage.
There's no doubt that CBD is the buzzy health item of the minute. If you reside in a state where it's presently legal, you may feel like CBD has actually gone from being type of around to absolutely all over simultaneously. Coffee bar market CBD lattes, day spas provide CBD facials, elegance firms are hurrying to launch creams with CBD or hemp oils in their formulas. And also everybody from your nervous coworker to your arthritis-suffering papa wishes to get their hands on some CBD gummies.
While there are lots of CBD oils as well as tinctures on the market today, it is necessary to recognize that not every one of them are developed equal. There are presently no over-the-counter (OTC) CBD items approved by the Fda (FDA), and also some products might not be as efficient or trusted as others. Everyone responds to CBD differently. So, as you try out products, it is necessary to note any type of favorable or adverse reactions.
There are two feasible exemptions to this. The initial is that some individuals, for unknown reasons, just respond in a different way to CBD. According to Dr. Chin, regarding 5% of individuals say they really feel transformed after taking CBD. "Typically they're the same people that have side effects from Advil or Tylenol," she claims. You never ever understand how your body will certainly respond to any kind of new supplement, so when taking CBD for the first time, do so securely under guidance.
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The focal point of any glam living room is of course the glam sofa. Modern glam style gives you plenty of scope in terms of shape and design – anything from square-armed contemporary to high-backed traditional can work beautifully – but your choice of upholstery is critical. At this point, we have just two words for you: pale, and velvety. Shades of silver, dove grey, pewter and even white in soft, luxurious fabrics are perfect for this look, instantly elevating your décor to dizzying heights of glam style.
But if white upholstery simply isn't compatible with your lifestyle, you have our permission to opt for warmer neutrals or even bold jewel tones, emphasising the glam décor feel with classic details like Chesterfield buttoning, beautifully curved or scrolling arms, and striking details like metallic studding and metal legs.
There's nothing ostentatious about the new glam room style. Colours are pure, materials are high-end, and the details are understated. Let the beauty of this trend shine though with gorgeous storage pieces and unique side tables, coffee tables and console tables made of light-reflecting glass and marble. Keep lines simple and unfussy – geometric shapes work particularly well – and try to incorporate soft-toned metals with burnished brass and soft gold coloured finishes.
This season's refined glam living room has a carefully-curated palette. Opt for subtle silver or pale neutrals for larger pieces of glam furniture accented with just a hint of colour – think dusty rose rather than shocking pink. Accessories rely on texture rather than tone to get the message across, so seek out intensely fluffy rugs in steadfastly neutral shades, tactile decorative pieces in pure metallic tones, and cool-to-the-touch glass and ceramic table lamps in smoky hues.
Always on trend, the classic curves and beautiful geometric patterns of Art Deco-style furniture and accessories are a perfect way to bring home a touch of glam living room or dining room style. On a smaller scale, look out for lighting and other home accessories with swooping Deco curves and floral-inspired lines. Looking to make more of an impact? Find dining tables with curving pedestal bases, ideally with cool metallic or high-gloss finishes, or pieces with circular- or boat-shaped marble tops.
Glam interior style knows no boundaries. You may opt for a distinctively British approach – a quintessentially English sofa, a traditional chandelier – or go for something that's more overtly European like a luxuriously sleek Italian sideboard or dining set. We're very on board with this approach as Italian dining furniture, by brands like ALF, perfectly captures the modern glamour look – subtle in tone, understated by design and beautifully crafted.
Glam home decor with an industrial edge? If you find yourself caught between two stylish trends, never fear. Great interior design has the capacity to solve all kinds of style problems, and we've discovered that there's nothing mutually exclusive about glam decor and industrial style as, usefully, both encompass creative combinations of glass, metal and wood. Just be sure that you opt for rather more finished surfaces – expanses of glass rather than occasional accents, smooth rather than weathered metal, and polished rather than antiqued wood.
Refined glam needn't be a passing trend. Make this a look for a lifetime by investing in a glam sofa from one of our favourite famous brands. A sofa by Duresta displays the authentic classic sofa details that have come be associated with the glamorous furniture look – sumptuous curves, turned legs finished with polished brass castors, and gorgeously textured upholstery fabrics. It's altogether a fabulous look for your glamorous lifestyle.
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Maserati to Launch Awards Edition Quattroporte Sport GT S at Geneva Show
Maserati claims some 56 awards from various publications have been given to the Quattroporte, enough to warrant a special edition just in time for the Geneva motor show next week. Called the "Awards Edition," appropriately enough, the special edition starts as a Quattroporte Sport GT S. Added to it are unique exterior and interior upgrades. Output remains at 433 horsepower and 361 pound-feet of torque, as Maserati has left the potent powertrain alone.
The exterior wears a pearlescent grey and gold metallic color called quarzo fuso that is unique to the model. Chrome bits on the exterior receive a burnish, including the side air vents and materials surrounding the radiator. There's the requisite "Awards Edition" series plate, and behind the grey, 20-inch Multi Trident wheels are polished calipers, which Maserati teamed up with Brembo to produce. The rotors get their shiny appearance through a hand-finishing process.
The interior boasts Poltrona Frau leather seats and an undulating pattern of perforated Alcantara. The trunk dons full black trim with chrome details and a leather side pocket, while the mats are made from a "richer and softer" material, according to Maserati. Brushed aluminum doorsills and piano black satin-finish wood moldings complete the upgrades.
The 2011 Quattroporte Sport GT S Awards Edition goes on sale in the second half of 2010.
Source: Maserati
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Lost in the mayhem of the Jayhawks 24-21 overtime win against Texas, the first win for Kansas over the Longhorns since 1938, was a promise made by a former quarterback. Todd Reesing, who led the Jayhawks to an Orange Bowl nearly 10 years ago, made a promise at halftime of the Texas game on the KU radio broadcast:
Former #kufball QB Todd Reesing on radio halftime show: "If KU wins, drinks are on me tonight."
— Nick Schwerdt (@nick_schwerdt) November 19, 2016
Naturally, there were many Jayhawks fans looking for Reesing in the Lawrence area last night.
Someone tell Todd Reesing I'm at @JeffersonsKU Pay up. #kufball pic.twitter.com/GzPufCSIYZ
— Beware Phog (@bewarephog) November 20, 2016
@ Todd Reesing, where you at?
— Ally (@AllySchae11) November 20, 2016
ROCK CHALK SHOCKER DRINKS ON TODD REESING EVERYONE IS GETTING BLACKED OUT #kufball#seniorday#beattexas
— Todd Brown (@toddb23) November 20, 2016
Unfortunately, Reesing does not have Twitter and is no where to be found. I would expect he is somewhere in hiding… and if he is around the Lawrence area, we are asking for your leads so we can track him down and get our loyal KU fans and followers the free drinks they so rightly deserve! Be a man, Todd! Time to pay up to all the thirsty Kansas fans!
**If you want a chance to win FREE Big 12 gear from your favorite team, be sure to sign up for our weekly newsletter! **


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Ready in 30 minutes!
- 1 1/2 Tbsp extra virgin olive oil
- 1 cup white onion diced
- 1 stalk celery diced
- 1 medium carrot diced
- 1 small zucchini diced
- 1 cup mushrooms diced (I like to use Portabello and/or white button)
- 4 cloves garlic minced
- 2 cups kale chopped (approximately 3 large leaves) (you can also use spinach)
- 2 tsp dried basil
- 2 tsp dried oregano
- 1 tsp salt
- 1/4 tsp black pepper
- 2 Tbsp ground flax seed
- 28 oz diced tomato large can
- 15 oz tomato sauce
- 1 can great northern beans drained and rinsed
- 6 cups low sodium vegetable stock (learn how to make your own below!)
- 1 cup small pasta of choice (ditalini, small shells, etc)
- 1 Parmesan cheese rind (approximately 3 inches) (optional)
- Heat olive oil in large pot on medium heat. Add onion, carrots, and celery and cook until translucent, approximately 5 minutes.
- Add zucchini, mushrooms, kale, and garlic and cook until they begin to soften, approximately 3 minutes.
- Add basil, oregano, salt, pepper, and flax seed (if using) to vegetables and stir. Let the spices saute for approximately 2 minutes, stirring occasionally.
- Add diced tomatoes, tomato sauce, beans, Parmesan rind, and stock to pot. Raise heat to high and bring to a boil. Once boiling, reduce heat to medium low and simmer for 15 minutes, stirring occasionally. While simmering, cook pasta in separate pot as per package directions until al dente.
- Stir in the pasta and season with salt and pepper as needed.
Learn how to make your own vegetable stock here!
*If you are using a larger shape of pasta, such as medium shells, rotini, etc., you may want to increase the volume of dry pasta to 1 1/2 cups.


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CSBA Annual Dinner and Awards 2019
Huntington Beach, CA-Dinner and awards in the City of Irvine last night, OC School Boards Association celebrated. So pleased to represent OVSD with Dr. Hansen, President John Briscoe, and Trustee Singer. Happy to see OC Board of Education Member Jack Bidell and Brea Olinda Unified School District Trustee Keri Kropke!


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A really neat set of pistols that were the subject of an article in "Man at Arms " by Joe Puleo in 2014 (Magazine will come with the pistols}. The pistols were in the Stan Smullen collection at the time. The Ketland's were working in Pennsylvania by the time these pistols were made so more then likely they were made for the American market. The .65 cal. barrels are 7 3/4" long. The guns are still in their original flint and in good working order. They are all original with the exception of the ramrods. Belgium was basically the gun capital of the western world in the early to mid 19th century.
Questions? Reach Out!


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Lionel New York Central 6-18005-700E 4-6-4 Hudson Locomotive & Tender & Display case. Condition is in museum quality. This Hudson locomotive has been kept in immaculate condition as there is no dust. As I did a test run to check its operation, I have to call it "Used".
I have all original Master cartons, and display case packing material, with pristine Lionel engine box with again outer flaps and clean foam inserts. This is a smoke free environment. Included 1990 Lionel catalog Book 2, Promotion 1990 Hudson advertisement sheet and a Lionel Tour... The Making of the Scale Hudson VHS Video, 44 minutes running time. Any questions I will happy to answer them.
The item "Lionel New York Central 6-18005-700E 4-6-4 Hudson # 5340 & Display Case" is in sale since Tuesday, December 1, 2020. This item is in the category "Toys & Hobbies\Model Railroads & Trains\O Scale\Locomotives". The seller is "sandymb611" and is located in Glenview NAS, Illinois.This item can be shipped to United States.


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With collaboration at its core, DevOps works as a link between development and operations teams. It helps to bring better level of productivity, faster deployment rate, and effective automation into a software product. You can shape up a bright career in this field by gaining multidisciplinary skills related to the entire product lifecycle. At AP2V Gurgaon, we are the best DevOps training institute in Gurgaon. We have a detailed DevOps course content that covers every aspect right from infrastructure management to configuration and development. With our experienced faculty and resourceful infrastructure, we provide the best DevOps training in Gurgaon. You can rely on our expertise to improve your development skills.
Industry Trends in DevOps:
Initially, DevOps was considered a short-lived technology having limited scope. But, it has defied the expectation and became a mainstream platform where software developers and engineers can collaborate for productive outcomes in a project. The popularity of DevOps techniques isn't expected to fizzle out in the near future. In fact, it will witness a rise of zero-touch automation in which focus will be laid on applying automation throughout the software products.
By the end of 2018, the experts also believe that agile development will hold the key to faster software development cycle by improving responsiveness and software delivery timelines. In the recent times, there has been a rise in improper and false information due to artificial intelligence, machine learning, bots, and web crawlers. In this scenario, it is important for organizations to become more efficient about their technological deployments. This will increase the focus on testing as well.
Why Learn DevOps?
It is expected that nearly 80% of global enterprises will embrace DevOps by the end of 2020. A lot of focus has been shifted on development of this technology for better collaborations among teams. This has also increased the demand for engineers having DevOps certification training. The average salaries have also grown to nearly $123,354. Hence, there is much potential to make a successful career in this field. So, you should take the best DevOps training online offered by AP2V Gurgaon.
Course Prerequisites:
If you want to hone your skill sets in the domain of software development and operations, you need to learn DevOps basics from a reputed institute providing the most comprehensive DevOps training material. At the same time, it is essential to know about the prerequisites for taking this course. Though there aren't any mandatory requirements to be met, it is better if you possess a basic understanding of software development. Additionally, knowledge of Maven, Linux, and Git is also advisable to better grasp the DevOps concepts.
Course Summary:
At AP2V Gurgaon, we provide a detailed course that is completed within a stipulated DevOps training duration by our expert tutors. We aim to provide hands-on learning experiences on various elements of software delivery and implementation in the organizations. On successful completion of our DevOps training, you will be equipped with following skills:
- Knowledge of DevOps environments and their toolsets.
- Automation processes related to code delivery and deployment. At the same time, you will also learn how to use test automation tools, Dockers containerization, configuration management, build tools, monitoring systems, and source code management on completion of this course.
- Monitoring and measuring various success factors and performance metrics.
- Basic knowledge of infrastructure servers.
- Deeper insights into the fundamentals of virtualization, deployment of infrastructure, server management, and optimization of communication tools.
- A better ability to understand and use DevOps tools including Docker, Nagios, Ansible, Puppet, and Chef.
At AP2V Gurgaon, we provide complete DevOps training and certification to boost your career in the software development industry. You can enroll in our classroom-based training or prefer online courses devised by our skilled trainers.
What is DevOps?
It is a combination of best practices and tools for automation of software development processes. In the recent times, there was a pressing need to improve software velocity and throughput in the agile development environment. This is where DevOps provides a comprehensive approach to ensure agility and efficiency in the complete software delivery model. It is also explained by the experts as a platform used for encouraging integration, collaboration, communication, and automation among the development and operations teams in an enterprise.
What is the Working of DevOps?
When working on a DevOps model, it is important to understand that there are no silos defined for development and operations in this environment. In the recent times, this platform has evolved to merge the skill sets of both the teams to ensure that DevOps engineers can work together throughout the application lifecycle. It can help in developing multidisciplinary knowledge from the stage of development to final deployment and operations. The best practices are used to automate promises and teams rely on technology stack that enables smooth functioning of applications.
What Is the Difference Between DevOps and Agile Development?
There has been a lot of confusion in the organizations that often misconstrue these two terms. DevOps is a method of software development that uses integration, communication, and collaboration. It is a culture that promotes collaboration between teams to ensure rapid production processes.
On the other hand, agile development refers to continuous iteration of testing and development. This process helps in breaking a product into smaller bits and integrates them for final testing by the teams. It focuses on consistent changes while DevOps is based on consistent testing and delivery procedures. For in-depth knowledge of this platform, you should go through our DevOps training videos having complete information on this subject matter.
Advantages of AP2V Gurgaon's DevOps Training:
To learn DevOps for a smooth career transition, you can count on our DevOps online training and classroom sessions. We are a leading DevOps institute focusing on building the right skill sets needed for success in this domain. The main advantages of learning this skill from AP2V Gurgaon are:
- A proper and accurate course material based on our profound industry experience.
- Flexibility to choose a training schedule as per your convenience.
- Best-in-class training facilities and experienced faculty.
- Placement support and guidance from the best mentors.
AP2V Gurgaon is a leading DevOps academy nurturing the future of IT aspirants. You can enroll in our courses for taking your career ahead in the right direction. To know more about this course, call us at +91 124 4364210 and get in touch.


text: Support date_range Published on Last updatedFebruary 18, 2019July 21, 2016 by Joe Karns Joe Karns SCI Academy https://sciacademy.socialjack.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/SCI-Logo-Final-150dpi.png Click the button below to contact the appropriate department. This will trigger the opening of a custom-addressed email so it will reach the correct department within the Help Desk. We look forward to providing you with awesome support! Customer Service hours are 9am-6pm PST.


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Michelle Avallone
Roles and Responsibilities
Michelle Avallone is the Director of Export Controls & International Engagement. Her work focuses on matters relating to U.S. export controls and economic sanctions regulations, anti-corruption regulations as well as other international research issues.
Before joining Columbia in 2013, Ms. Avallone was a government contracts attorney at Crowell & Moring LLP. She later founded a solo practice focusing on government contracts and export controls for tech startups. Ms. Avallone graduated from Columbia Law School in 2006. Prior to law school, she received an M.A. in Anthropology from Columbia University and a B.A. from the University of California, Berkeley. Ms. Avallone has been a member of the U.S. State Department's Defense Trade Advisory Group (DTAG) since 2014.


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Soda/Multi Media Blaster 1650/2500
Blast Boss' Multi-Media Blaster (MMB) is a versatile, turn-key system that can utilize a wide range of blast media including: sodium bicarbonate, Super K (potassium sulfate), crushed glass, crushed corn cob, garnet and other abrasives. The Blast Boss MMB system can be used for a wide range of applications: mold remediation, fire & smoke damage restoration, general maintenance, cleaning, de-greasing, coating removal and surface preparation.
Blast Boss' MMB is lightweight and portable yet strong and durable. The MMB has been tested and proven by Blast Boss professionals to ensure trouble-free, quality results. Knowledgeable technical support is available and with our unparalleled field experience we can help you manage even the most difficult projects. Call Blast Boss today to get the best media blaster on the market.
Blast Boss offers a complete blasting package for people that are starting out. This package includes the ST1650 or ST2500 blast unit, #4 or #5 nozzle, 50ft of blast hose, electric deadman switch (12volt), water separators, air pressure regulators, 50 ft air supply hoses, operators manual, a 250 cfm after cooler for the compressor, and an additional 250 cfm water separator for the compressor.
For a soda blasting pot to run efficiently it needs to have cool, dry air. This is why we include an after cooler and an additional water separator in our MMB Blasting Package. When an air compressor creates the air to be used, the air will become heated. This air then needs to be cooled to a more desirable temperature for the soda blasting pot. This is the reason for the after cooler we include in our blasting package. It is a simple and reliable after cooler with a 12volt fan that can be connected to the compressor battery. Unfortunately, when you cool compressed air it will generate moisture causing the need for a water separator. The water separators included with the blasting pot normally remove most of the moisture. It has been noted that some compressors can produce more moisture than the water separators on the pot can handle. Also, some customers like ourselves work in geographical areas where humidity can reach 100% in the summer. To correct this, we include an additional water separator in our blasting package. This water separator can be mounted on the after cooler. Since we have starting using this water separator, we and our customers have experienced no moisture problems. In fact, we hardly ever see any moisture making it to the water separators on the blasting pot.
The CFM capability of your compressor and the type of blasting job you are doing will determine the size selection of the blast nozzle. If you have a large blasting job like a bulldozer, pipe lines, or a three storey building you may want a larger blast nozzle. If you are doing smaller jobs like an iron gate, fireplace, or a car you may want a smaller blast nozzle. Keep in mind that your nozzle size can not exceed the CFM capabilities of your compressor. After a brief consultation we can help determine the best set up for you
The following list compares the blast nozzle size to the compressor CFM requirements.
Blasting Equipment is custom powder coated and available in any color upon request. Listed below are primary colors used.
Documents will open in a new window. If you do not have Adobe Reader, you must download it to view PDF documents.
Sullaire Blast Package
The Sullaire 185 CFM compressor package is a turn-key blasting system. We have found this package to be very popular with our customers, due to the compact size, fuel efficiency and low maintenance costs. This is an smart alternative to our trailer systems, while sticking to a tight budget. This system offers the same performance as our trailer mounted systems, without the additional cost.
Everything you need to start media blasting:
• ST1650 or ST2500 multi media blast unit
• Sullaire 185 CFM compressor
• Fuel-efficient, quiet & dependable
• 5 year/5000 hour compressor power train warranty
• 250 CFM aftercooler hard mounted to compressor tongue
• 250 CFM water separator
• 50 ft. air hose
• 50 ft. blast hose
• 12 volt electric deadman switch
• #4 or #5 tungsten carbide blast nozzle
• Powder coated compressor tongue
Mobile Aftercooler Sysytem
Why do I need a Mobile After-cooler System? That's a great question! If you have noticed too much water coming from your compressor, you need a system! Whether they are running, air hammers, jack hammers,or blasting equipment, everything runs better with cool dry air. Have you noticed that air compressors that are 375, 750 or 900 CFM have them built right in? We noticed, and built a system for compressors 250 CFM and less.
How do we know our systems work? Every blasting system we sell has one of our mobile after-cooler systems included.. We run baking soda through our blasters, the most water sensitive media for blasting. Our equipment always runs dry, whether in Canada in the winter, or Florida in the summer. Blast Boss' customers have been counting on our mobile after-cooler systems for years, and now your can too. We understand there are many applications in the field, and we offer solutions for many of them.
This system is designed for the job site where up to two outlets are required. Can be used on the ground, or attached to the compressor for movement around the job site. The integral safety cage, is designed to protect the cooler in case of abuse. Includes our 250 CFM 12 volt after-cooler, and is custom powder coated for a long service life.universal after-cooler caddy.
This system is designed for use when multiple tools are being used. We designed this system with (3) 1″ ball valves and (2) standard air fittings. The surge tank also allows multiple tools to be cycled on and off, without leaving any tools starving for air. This is the same system we use on our blast rigs, when multiple blast pots are in use. This system can be custom configured for different applications.
Blasting Trailers
We have been working on the new Blast Boss rig for some time now, and it's finally here. When we started building trailers over ten years ago, we were supplying our own crews with equipment. They beat it up, told us what they wanted and our first generation trailer was developed.
The next generation trailer is here and we are again proud to offer something know one else is building.
1. Choice of compressor size 185 CFM, High Pressure 200 CFM, 375 CFM
2. Upgraded heavy duty torsion axles
3. Upgraded heavy duty tires
4. Upgraded heavy duty frames
5. 2 5/16 Bull Dog Coupler
6. 2.5 CU/FT blaster
7. Tool Boxes for storing and securing equipment, any size available
8. Heavy Duty Boxed aluminum frame..reduces trailer weight by 20%
Trailer pictured is 18 ft with 8 ft stand up box, fully enclosed V-Nose, fully secured and lockable. 1000 lb folding Ramp, with man door and step. E-trac on side walls for securing equipment, inside lights, 4 inside tie downs. 5200 lb axles, 2 5/16 bulldog coupler, rear jacks for stabilizing trailer on job sites. 200 CFM high pressure air compressor, after cooling package, 2.5 CU/FT blaster with all hoses and shutoffs.


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Journey Behind the Falls
Compared to all of the other available perspectives of the Niagara Falls this one is completely unique. Customers taking this attraction descend down over 100 feet behind the Horseshoe Falls and explore century old tunnels formed through the bedrock. You'll be able to feel the thunderous vibrations long before you see Falls.
You can view the water from the Canadian Horseshoe Falls cascading from behind though openings that are present in the tunnels. In addition to these tunnels this attraction also includes an observation deck that provides an insane looking point and photo opportunity. This deck is elevated to allow customers to view the Niagara Falls beside them. The deck is sprayed by water from the Falls but the operators do provide Raincoats to keeps customers dry and prevent it from affecting the rest of their trip.
This attraction is run by Niagara Parks and is available for customers year round. The Journey Behind the Falls can be added to your Niagara Falls tour with BG Tours Canada as an optional add on. This attraction is listed at $19.95 + 13% tax for Adults (ages 13+) and $13.00 + 13% tax for Children (ages up to 12). Please let the tour guide know if you are interested on the day of your tour.


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Chapter 4: The Chief Public Health Officer's report on the state of public health in Canada 2008 – Health behaviours
Social and Economic Factors that Influence Our Health and Contribute to Health Inequalities
Health behaviours
Individual behaviours, such as staying physically active and eating well, can contribute to good health. Other behaviours, such as smoking, heavy drinking and illicit drug use, can have detrimental health effects. Ultimately, health behaviours are individual choices that people make. However, these behaviours are influenced by the social and economic environments where individuals work, live and learn.7, 9
While the overall smoking rate in Canada is declining, 19% of the Canadian population (over 15 years old) still reports smoking (women 17%; men 20%).353 Smoking is responsible for high rates of disease and death. It is a risk factor for lung cancer, head, neck and throat cancers, heart disease, stroke, chronic respiratory disease and other conditions.354 It is estimated that 16.6% of all Canadian deaths are attributable to smoking.355 And the cost of smoking in Canada – in terms of services such as health care, and the loss of productivity in the workplace or at home resulting from premature death and disability – is estimated at $17 billion per year.355
Most Canadian smokers (90%) report beginning to smoke during their teens.356 However, most do not quit until later in life. Among all Canadians who have ever smoked, 59% have quit. For those smokers in their early 20s (20- to 25-year-olds), only 25% have reported quitting, while among those over the age of 45, 71% have reported quitting.353
A socio-economic gradient exists for smoking where – in general – as income and education levels drop, a larger proportion of people report daily smoking.357 The highest smoking rates can be found among Canadians with lower income, Aboriginal populations and people living in Northern Canada, which likely contributes to the higher rates of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases found in these populations.357, 358, 359 Figure 4.5 shows the proportion of daily tobacco smoking, excluding those who use tobacco solely for traditional purposes, among Aboriginal Peoples compared to the overall population in 2001.360
Figure 4.5 Daily smoking by Aboriginal status, Canada, 2001
Source: Public Health Agency of Canada using Health Canada's Data
Analysis and Information System (DAIS), Aboriginal Peoples Survey, 2001
and Health Canada, Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring System, 2001.
Figure 4.6 shows that although smoking rates have been falling for all education levels, there continues to be a marked difference between the percentage of smokers who have completed university and those who have not.361
Figure 4.6 Smoking and education, aged 15+ years, Canada, 1999-2006
Source: Public Health Agency of Canada using Health Canada, Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring System 1999-2006.
For some, exposure to smoke is not a choice. About 9% of children under the age of 12 and 15% of Canadian households are regularly exposed to environmental tobacco smoke – often called 'second-hand smoke'.80 Among affected children, 51% live in the lowest-income quintile households compared to 18% who live in the highest-income quintile households.362 Recent measures to protect children from second-hand smoke include legislation to ban smoking in vehicles carrying children that was recently passed in Nova Scotia. Other provinces are considering the same measures, including British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick.363 Rates of smoking during pregnancy – a known risk factor for unhealthy fetal growth and development – continue to decline in Canada. Yet, 9.8% of women who were pregnant in the last five years also reported smoking during their pregnancy.353
Physical activity
Research studies report a linear relationship between physical activity and health such that the most physically active are at the lowest risk of poor health.364 Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for a wide range of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer and depression.364 Compared to people who are physically active, those who report being physically inactive are also more likely to report their mental health as fair or poor. It is estimated that $5.3 billion (2.6%) of the total direct health-care costs in Canada are attributable to physical inactivity.365
Only just over half (52%) of Canadians over age 12 reported being physically active or moderately active during leisure time in 2005. However, about 70% of those who are inactive during leisure time report some level of physical activity at non-leisure times. During normal daily activity: 8% report carrying or lifting heavy loads; 25% report frequently carrying light loads and climbing stairs; 42% report frequently standing or walking; and 24% report spending 6 or more hours a week bicycling or walking as a means of transportation.366
Leisure physical activity levels vary across different populations and income levels, which may be a product of available leisure time. The rate of leisure-time physical activity is highest among those at the highest end of the income spectrum (see Figure 4.7). About 62% of Canadians over age 12 in the highest-income quintile report being physically active compared to 44% among the lowest-income quintile.366
Figure 4.7 Percent of the general population aged 12+ years who were physically active by income, Canada, 2005
Source: Statistics Canada, Physically Active Canadians.
Generally, women in all income groups report 5 to 10% lower levels of physical leisure-time activity than men and the gap between high- and low-income women is greater than it is for men. Across Canada there is regional variation in physical activity levels with a clear east-west gradient. Provinces in Western Canada report higher rates of active or moderate leisure-time physical activity (e.g. 59% in British Columbia) versus the East (e.g. 44% in Prince Edward Island). Overall, Canada's largest cities (over 2 million in population) report lower rates of leisure-time physical activity than the national average.366
Encouraging Healthy Lifestyles
ActNow BC
ActNow BC is a multi-year health and wellness campaign that was launched by the Government of British Columbia in March 2005. The campaign's programs and initiatives champion healthy eating, physical activity, ending tobacco use and healthy choices during pregnancy.367 Through its many partnerships, ActNow BC is present in schools, workplaces and communities throughout the province. Since the start of the program, more than 130 towns, cities and First Nations communities have registered as "Active Communities"; 100% of school districts – encompassing over 1,300 elementary and middle schools with more than 360,000 students – have additional physical activity throughout the school day through Action Schools! BC; and the Ministry of Health has piloted a Workplace Wellness initiative that extends the approach to workplaces across the province.368, 369, 370
ActNow BC is also partnering with the National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health, First Nations Health Council, Métis Nation BC and the BC Association Friendship Centres to bring the healthy living approach to Aboriginal communities in the province. The goal is to 'close the gap in health' between Aboriginal Peoples and the overall population of British Columbia.371 Though early in the process, ActNow BC's uptake has been promising and it has already been highlighted by the Health Council of Canada (December 2007) as having the potential to have a positive effect on the incidence of diabetes and other chronic diseases in the province.372
Healthy eating
The types, quantity and quality of food eaten also affect health. Aside from nutritional value, the availability and affordability of nutritious food and the individual food choices made are important. Less healthy eating, combined with inadequate physical activity, can lead to increased body weights. For adults, obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases including hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, gallbladder disease, coronary artery disease, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer.14 The annual economic burden of unhealthy eating in Canada has been estimated at $6.6 billion, including direct health-care costs of $1.3 billion.373 Only 41.2% of Canadians aged 12 years and over report consuming fruits and vegetables at least five times per day.374
Eating healthy foods – such as fresh fruit and vegetables, fibre-rich foods and those with a lower fat content – is related to their accessibility and affordability. Northern and remote communities do not have as many food choices and healthy foods are often more expensive than in more populated regions of the country. A further challenge to healthy eating is the availability of quick, less expensive and less healthy foods. A recent University of Alberta study found that more fast-food restaurants are situated in Edmonton neighbourhoods where residents have lower incomes and education levels and most people are renters rather than home owners compared to other neighbourhoods in the city.264
Parental practices such as breastfeeding can positively influence an infant's start in life. Canada's breastfeeding initiation rates have increased dramatically over the last four decades (25% of mothers initiated breastfeeding in 1965 compared to 87% of mothers in 2003).375 Breastfeeding initiation rates vary between populations and are generally lower for younger mothers (76% of those aged 15 to 19 years), single mothers (78%), Aboriginal off-reserve mothers (82%), First Nations on-reserve mothers (63%), and higher among immigrant mothers (92%) (see text box).376 Although more mothers are now initiating breastfeeding in Canada, many do not maintain the practice. While the Canadian Paediatric Society (2005) recommends that babies be breastfed exclusively for six months, only 39% of Canadian mothers report exclusive breastfeeding for four months and 17% report exclusive breastfeeding for six months or more.377, 378, 379 Overall, 48% of Canadian mothers breastfeed for six months or more (exclusive and non-exclusive) which is lower than rates in other countries such as Sweden (70.6% in 2003).380, 381
Promoting Healthy Eating
Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program
For more than a decade, the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) has provided long-term funding to community groups to develop or enhance programs for at-risk pregnant women and their children.382 The CPNP is delivered through two separate organizations: First Nations and Inuit Health Branch of Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC).382 CPNP aims to: improve the health of both infant and mother; reduce the incidence of unhealthy birth weights; promote and support breastfeeding; build partnerships; and strengthen community supports for pregnant women.382 One way it does this is working closely with other programs and organizations to ensure that there is a continuum of community-based support for women, and their children and families.383 CPNP also provides services like food supplementations, nutritional counselling, prenatal vitamins, food and food coupons, prenatal health and lifestyle counselling (including smoking cessation), breastfeeding education and support, food preparation training, infant care and child development, as well as referrals to other services and agencies.382 The PHAC stream of CPNP now serves about 50,000 women annually through more than 330 projects in over 2,000 communities across Canada.384 In addition, more than 9,000 women take part in the First Nations and Inuit Health Branch stream of the program each year.382 Initial program evaluation results indicate that compared to similar high-risk populations, CPNP program participants had higher birth weights with increased program participation and higher breastfeeding rates than the general population.382, 385 Participants also reported that, as a result of the programs, they experienced improved access to services and information on better nutrition and parenting, felt less isolated and stressed, and had greater self-confidence.382
Alcohol consumption
The majority of Canadians over the age of 15 drink alcohol (77%).386 Some epidemiological evidence indicates that there are protective health effects from moderate alcohol consumption, specifically in relation to circulatory diseases.355 However, excess alcohol consumption over both the short and long term can negatively influence health.386 Alcohol abuse also has high economic and social costs. Alcohol-related acute-care hospitalizations totalled 1.6 million days in 2002. That same year, there were 4,258 deaths attributable to alcohol, of which 1,246 were due to cirrhosis, 909 to motor vehicle crashes and 603 to suicides.355
Deaths related to alcohol dependence have declined over time, but remain higher for low-income men (see Figure 4.8).144 Differences between income levels exist for both men and women but are greater for men. Overall, the age-standardized mortality rate for alcohol dependence has declined in all groups, with the greatest decline for low-income men.144
Approximately 641,000 Canadians − roughly 3% of the total population − are considered alcohol-dependent and about 21% of all adult Canadians over the age of 19 reported engaging in heavy drinking (five or more drinks on one occasion, 12 or more times a year) in 2005.386, 387
A greater share of individuals at the lowest income level (about 5%), report behaviours consistent with being dependent on alcohol.386 Because alcohol dependence is a chronic condition that takes many years to cause death from disease, and during that period an alcoholic's earning power may be reduced by the condition, some of the gaps in these death rates among income levels may be due to 'reverse causation' where the disease can reduce income before it kills.
Figure 4.8 Age-standardized mortality rates for alcohol dependence, by sex and income quintile, urban Canada, 1971-2001
ASMR – Age-standardized mortality rate.
Q – population divided into fifths based on the percentage of the population in their neighbourhood below the low-income cut-offs.
Source: Wilkins et al. (2007), Statistics Canada.
First Nations on reserve report lower rates of alcohol use (65.6%) but higher rates of heavy drinking than the overall population. More than 42% of First Nations youth on reserve report using alcohol and 27% report heavy drinking at least once a month. In addition, approximately 64% of First Nations reported that no progress was being made within these communities on reducing both frequent alcohol and drug use.161
Drinking during pregnancy can result in serious health and development problems for children as a result of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) – a preventable life-long disability. It is estimated that 1% of children born in Canada have FASD.388
Illicit drug use
In 2002, 12.6% of Canadians over the age of 15 reported using illicit drugs in the previous 12 months (9.4% of women and 15.9% of men). Approximately 1% of Canadians self-reported behaviours consistent with being dependent on illicit drugs, with the proportion being the highest among those with the lowest incomes (3%). However, as with alcohol dependence, illicit drug dependence among low-income Canadians could be related to reverse causation.386 Although fewer people die directly from higher levels of illicit drug use than from alcohol and tobacco use, such deaths generally occur at a young age making years of life lost due to early death high (62,110 years in 2002).355 These deaths are primarily due to overdose, drug-attributable suicide and infectious diseases (hepatitis C and HIV infections) acquired as a result of drug-use activities.355
Sexual health
Unsafe sexual practices – including early initiation, infrequent use of condoms and multiple partners – increase the risk of acquiring STIs and unplanned pregnancies.122 Youth and young adults have the highest rates of STIs in Canada, particularly street youth who have rates 10 to 12 times higher than their peers in the general population and a greater susceptibility to the hepatitis B virus (i.e. 40% are not vaccinated against it).204, 286
Overall, Canadian youth are becoming sexually active at younger ages than previous generations.389 About 90% of 14- to 17-year-olds surveyed believe they are knowledgeable about sexual health; however, one quarter of Grade 9 and 10 students who reported being sexually active also reported not using contraceptives.337, 390 A second cross-Canada survey also found that two thirds of Grade 9 students incorrectly believed there is a vaccine to prevent HIV-AIDS.390 A recent increase in officially reported STI rates may therefore partially be a result of major misconceptions about these diseases. Despite inconsistent contraception use and an increase in STIs, teen pregnancy rates (including live births, fetal losses and induced abortions) are decreasing.391
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Nada Al Mazmi, an Emirati woman "Learning Approach" is the bridge of communication between students
A unique experience dedicated by Emirati media student Nada Al Mazmi for the first time in the UAE and the world, by achieving the top 10 positions in the "Digital Learning Future Challenge", launched by Expo 2020 Dubai for students around the world. It is intended to develop the future of digital education systems in the region and abroad, to provide equal educational opportunities for students, and to benefit from technology applications and digital solutions. It is launched in coordination with the Italian Commissioner for "Expo Dubai 2020" and accreditation from the UNESCO "The Future of Education", aimed at reimagining the features of the future of humanity through knowledge and learning.
Pioneering Experience
Describing this pioneering experience with great hopes of winning, she said, "633 students from 47 countries participated in the Digital Learning Future Challenge. The competition topic revolved around the possibility of creating and developing a project idea that contributes to shaping the future of education around the world. It is to be based on solutions of the digital technology and currently-available technology, in order to provide the possible remote knowledge in a smart and flexible way for students, not only from various social and economic backgrounds and educational levels, but also from any country around the world."
She added, "The students participating in this challenge, which has been working on for more than six months, were classified into student groups of varying ages and with various specializations and levels. They are equally divided by the award's organizing committee, to include nationalities and outstanding university and school experiences in the fields of media, applied sciences, humanities, and other fields of knowledge". She noted at the same time that she was the first Emirati student to represent her country in competitions, along with six school and university students from Italy, France and the United States of America.
In the same context, Nada Al-Mazmi, a third-year student at UAE University, confirmed: "The challenge is based on competition in creating a project that advances the reality of education around the world includes 48 groups, which are tested and tried and then sorted on the basis of the cost-effectiveness of their results, to select 20 groups. Then, the final qualifiers will be announced as the 10 best winning groups, and I was very happy to be chosen to be the only Emirati to reach this stage."
International Standards
The distinguished project, which Nada Al Mazmi Group called "Learning Approach," revolves around the idea of creating a smart and mobile educational "caravan" that is equipped with the latest educational technologies and advanced technologies. "Despite the limited number of students available to learn in this mobile school, in my opinion, it lives up to the highest standards of quality and excellence offered by the most successful and prestigious educational institutions. It provides an integrated distance learning experience that can overcome the difficult social and economic conditions. Many students around the world, either because of the challenges imposed by the (Corona) pandemic, or the destruction, poverty and asylum imposed by wars, she added.
However, this relies on the curricula and experiences of educational specialists from around the world and the smart and flexible ways that suit various social and economic backgrounds, and even the educational levels of students around the world."
She added: "To facilitate the task of searching, learning, managing content and benefiting from it, the caravan is equipped with smart access cards equipped with bar codes, which include all student data, educational stage, and even academic specialization and geographical location. Once you log in, all settings are automatically configured to respond to the student's needs and level. For example, if he/she is a child, he/she will be addressed in a manner appropriate to his/her educational courses and intellectual abilities."
On the other hand, she confirmed, "In addition, this project was provided with detailed videos and simplified illustrations that facilitate the learning process. It will be later equipped with a robot to respond to the various inquiries of students and facilitate their learning process. In order to further establish the principle of efficiency in matching this experience to their different requirements, comprehensive and extensive surveys were conducted in each country, to find out the references and information that students would like available in their specializations, and to include them in the project data."
Acceptance & Interaction
She pointed out, "To ensure the effectiveness of this step, at some point an expanded number of schoolchildren in different countries were invited to measure their acceptance of the experience and their ability to invest its benefits to develop their educational reality. We were frankly surprised by the great enthusiasm of many people, and their acceptance of this experience and their clear harmony with it. Especially the children known for their resistance in the beginning in accepting the experience of education in general with its traditional systems in place today. It encourages steadily, in my opinion, the adoption of the implementation of this pattern to be an effective alternative to school education. It is a motivating experience of learning, the experience of cross cultural process and effective communication between peoples, in light of the convergence achieved by the revolution of technology and digital communication."
Future Aspirations
Nada Al Mazmi was enthusiastic about describing the success of "learning approach". She appointed out that it is possible to present the idea during the "Expo 2020" activities. The major parties in the UAE and Italy are surely interested in adopting and approving it. She stressed, "I am very happy with the wide echo of the project, and with the enthusiasm of many companies. This is what motivates young Emirati talents to engage in innovation, exchange experiences and bring people closer together, and thus, re-imagine the experience of knowledge and learning in a world of increasing crises and uncertainty, as well as fragility due to the implications of the (Corona) pandemic.
Nada Al Mazmi: "Major companies inside and outside the UAE have promised to sponsor and implement the project."
The "Learning Approach" project revolved around the idea of creating a smart and mobile educational "caravan" that was equipped with the latest advanced educational technologies.
لايوجد محتوى عربي لهذه الصفحة
يوجد مشكلة في الصفحة التي تحاول الوصول إليها


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1. What is SpeakUp?
SpeakUp is a confidential reporting channel of Kesko Group. The reporting channel is an important tool to uphold customers' and stakeholders' trust in Kesko's business. Employees of Kesko Group, as well as suppliers, customers and other stakeholders can report suspected criminal offences or misconduct or actions against the K Code of Conduct.
Employees and consultants should primarily report their suspicions to their manager or responsible person at Kesko. When for some reason the information can not be delivered to the persons in charge at Kesko, the SpeakUp channel should be used. All information is handled confidentially. It also possible to leave anonymous reports.
The SpeakUp service is maintained by People InTouch, an independent company. In addition to Kesko, the patented SpeakUp® reporting system is used by numerous well-known companies.
2. Which matters can be reported through the Kesko SpeakUp channel?
You can report any suspected criminal offence or misconduct. SpeakUp can also be used for suspected violations of securities markets regulations. Please note that the channel is not intended for reporting urgent matters, such as situations threating general security.
The SpeakUp channel is not intended for giving customer feedback, and no customer feedback will be processed. Customer feedback can be given through the customer feedback link.
Reporting criminal offences and misconduct in bad faith is forbidden and may have legal consequences.
3. Who will investigate the reports?
The personnel of People InTouch will process any messages submitted through the service and organise translations when needed. They are bound by strict confidentiality requirements. It is impossible for Kesko to find out the IP addresses or other identification information related to the report.
The reports received through the SpeakUp channel are investigated by Senior Vice President, Group General Counsel and the Compliance & Ethics Officer. The investigation may require assistance from other experts or officials. The Chief Audit Officer also has access rights to the system. Assistance from other specialists or officials may be needed to conduct an investigation.
4. How is the confidentiality of my information guaranteed?
All reports are investigated in full confidentiality. Kesko guarantees that it will protect all persons who have made the reports in good faith and that they will face no retaliation for their reports.
Even though an investigation may require assistance from other experts, the identity of the of whistleblower will not be revealed unless necessary for the investigation. In some, especially HR.related cases, an investigation of the report may be impossible without processing the whistleblower's personal information by other experts or officials.
Kesko complies with all applicable legislation also with regard to the investigation of reports and the protection of whistleblowers. In accordance with the Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law, Kesko is obliged to protect all persons reporting on breaches of EU law. In addition to applicable legislation, Kesko provides protection to all individuals who report in good faith through the SpeakUp channel. Additional information on Kesko's anti-harassment principles can be found here.
Reports can also be made anonymously. However, please note that further information may be needed for the investigation to be completed. If the report is anonymous and the whistleblower does not respond to questions sent via SpeakUp channel it may be impossible to finalise the investigation.
5. How to submit a message?
You can submit a message either by phone or on the web service. Whichever system you choose, it is advised to write down your message beforehand so that the message will be as clear as possible. Please remember to include all information relevant for the investigation. You can submit your message in your local language of your choosing, and it will be translated when necessary.
To use the phone, dial the following phone number: 0800113031
To use the web service, go to: www.speakupfeedback.eu/web/heye3r/fi
You will be asked to enter the following access code: 17270
You will receive a six-digit case number. It is very important that you write it down. This case number will enable you to come back later and read or listen to the response from Kesko.
If you use the phone, you can leave your message after the beep. Make sure to articulate your message as clearly as possible. When you are finished, hang up.
If you use the web service, you can type in or simply copy/paste your message. When you are finished, press the 'send message' button; a screen with the case number and your message will appear, and you can print it out. You can also attach any relevant documents to your message.
You can also send your reports per post to:
Kesko Corporation
Legal Affairs, Head of Compliance & Ethics
PO Box 1
You can also request a meeting with the Compliance & Ethics department to discuss your report by calling +358 105 311. A meeting will be organised as soon as possible and everything discussed in the meeting will be confidential.
6. When do I receive a response to my message?
Within a week, a response from Kesko will be ready for you. When the investigation is finalised, or at the latest within three months, Kesko will post the result/status of the investigation. If you used the phone to leave your message, the response will be also be given on the phone service. If you used the web service, you will get the response in the web service.


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Updated on Friday at 11 a.m. ET
Former President Donald Trump's defense team will make its case Friday, during Day 4 of his Senate impeachment trial.
Though they're allotted 16 hours over two days, Trump's attorneys have indicated that they plan to conclude their presentation against conviction on Friday.
Their turn comes after Democratic House managers ended their two days of arguments on Thursday, alleging that Trump served as "inciter-in-chief" for insurrection on the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6.
The defense is set to begin its case Friday at noon ET. Follow updates on the trial here.
Editor's Note:Videos shown during the proceedings may contain profanity and violence.
The Senate began the trial Tuesday, a little more than a month after a mob of Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol. Senators voted 56-44 that the trial was in fact constitutional, even though Trump has already left office.
The House of Representatives voted on Jan. 13 to impeach Trump for incitement of insurrection with just a week left in his term, charging that he caused the riot that endangered hundreds of lawmakers and left five people dead, including a police officer. Two more police officers committed suicide in the days following the riot.
Trump has denied responsibility for stoking the mob on Jan. 6. His lawyers claim he did not encourage unlawful acts and that his comments to supporters that day are protected by the First Amendment. They also argue that he should not be on trial at all, as he is no longer president — though many constitutional experts disagree.
As Congress began counting the Electoral College votes on Jan. 6, Trump called for his supporters to walk to the Capitol in protest of the election results. Trump falsely claimed the election had been "stolen," despite his clear loss to now-President Biden.
"You'll never take back our country with weakness. You have to show strength and you have to be strong. We have come to demand that Congress do the right thing and only count the electors who have been lawfully slated, lawfully slated," he said. "I know that everyone here will soon be marching over to the Capitol building to peacefully and patriotically make your voices heard."
Hours later, multiple people were dead, the Capitol building was in a state of chaos, and still, Biden's election victory was certified by Congress.
House impeachment managers dissected those remarks andothers made by Trump in the months prior to argue that his false election claims laid the groundwork for the violence far before that particular rally.
Trump is not expected to participate in the Senate trial. He also didn't participate in his first impeachment trial, which ended in an acquittal a year ago.
This page was originally published on Tuesday at 11:26 a.m. ET.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Tracey McDermott, FCA Director of Supervision and Authorisations commented: "Social media is already an important tool for industry to engage with customers and its use is only likely to grow. Financial promotions, whether on social media or traditional media, must give customers the right information and meet our requirements to be fair, clear and not misleading. We have had extensive industry feedback during our consultation. We believe this guidance reflects a sensible approach that allows the industry to innovate using new forms of media and at the same time ensures customers get the right level of protection."
The Guidance
Firms are reminded that any form of communication (including through social media) is capable of being a financial promotion if it includes an invitation or inducement to engage in financial activity. All communications (including financial promotions) must be fair, clear and not misleading. Promotions that fail to be 'fair, clear and not misleading' can pose a risk as they could lead consumers to buy the wrong product – ultimately with unhappy outcomes for them and for firms.
Communications through social media can reach a wide audience very rapidly, so firms should take account of that in their decision to promote through social media, and when deciding the nature of their promotions. Firms should ensure that their original communication would remain fair, clear and not misleading, even if it ends up in front of a non-intended recipient (through others retweeting on Twitter or sharing on Facebook). One way of managing this risk is the use of software that enables advertisers to target particular groups very precisely.
The requirement to be fair and not misleading require balance in how financial products and services are promoted, so that consumers have an appreciation not only of the potential benefits but also of any relevant risks. Firms should consider whether it is appropriate to use character-limited media as a means of promoting complex features of financial products or services. It may be possible to signpost a product or service with a link to more comprehensive information, provided that the promotion remains compliant in itself. Alternatively, it may be more appropriate to use 'image advertising' to promote a firm more generally.
Highlights from the conference included:
-Notorious hacker and cyber-security expert, Chema Alonso, providing a hacker's perspective;
-A representative from the Ministry of the Interior, Government of Spain, discussing cyber-security challenges in Spain;
-José Rodriguez, Chief Inspector, Financial Fraud Section, National Police Corps of Spain, talking about fighting the globalisation of cybercrime;
-Ori Eisen, founder of 41st Parameter revealing how technology can be used to address major trends in cyber-security.
-Charles Butterworth, Managing Director, Experian, on Experian's fraud and identity strategic roadmap;
-Daniel Zelenski, Managing Director, New Market Development, Experian, EMEA, on Experian's National Fraud Prevention Scheme, and how businesses can work together to tackle fraud;
-Chris Thomas, Director of Fraud Sales, EMEA, Experian, who led an industry panel discussion on digital evolution and the impact of fraud on the business models across multiple business sectors.
Speaking at the Future of Fraud and Identity event in Spain, Charles Butterworth, Managing Director, Experian, EMEA, said: "It was a great opportunity to be able to bring together so many leading organisations in EMEA to discuss the pressing global issue of fraud, and to gain a real understanding of the fraud challenges facing all industry sectors. Today's tough economic climate is driving a surge in first party fraud for many organisations, whilst identity theft, the sophistication of fraudsters and cybercrime are also on the increase. Experian offers a range of fraud and identity products and services and we work closely with clients to take a strategic approach to fraud risk management and develop a multi-layered strategy that is commensurate with risk and value throughout the business."
For further information on the event please see The Future of Fraud and Identity, Spain event video and photos taken during the day.
This week Experian launched a fraud campaign in EMEA to raise awareness of how Experian works with businesses to develop a strategic response to fraud that enables them to define a strong fraud risk strategy; identify and prevent fraud; and review and improve existing fraud strategies to keep up with current and emerging threats.