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The EPA National Water Event 'Restoring our waters' will be…
2020 EPA Water Conference – watch online now
On 17 and 18 June 2020 the EPA held its National Water Event as an online conference. This year's theme was 'Restoring our waters'.
This years event was free to attend. It was the EPA's largest water event ever, with over 1250 attending this online event.
To everyone who joined us: thanks for attending; thanks for your probing questions; thanks for your passion; thanks for caring about our waters. We can achieve more working together.
Special thanks to all our presenters and the team who worked behind the scenes to make sure this years conference happened.
On this page you can find:
- A YouTube playlist with videos of all the presentations
- The word cloud generated from words submitted by attendees
- Questions and Answers – some of the presenters have answered additional questions they did not have time to answer on the day; special thanks to the presenters who volunteered and took the time to do this
- The slide decks of all presentations
Word cloud
Questions and Answers
Session 1: Water Quality in Ireland – setting the scene
Dr Mícheál Lehane, EPA – The State of Ireland's Water Environment
Q. What is PAA?
A. Priority Area for Action. These are the areas prioritised under the current River Basin Management Plan where LAWPRO and the ASSAP programme are focussing their efforts.
Q. Is there a list of the high-status waterbodies that are in particular need of attention please?
A. The waterbodies with a high-status objective, and their current status, can be displayed on a map in the mapping section on www.catchments.ie
Q. Is there any consideration given to reclassifying waterbodies which have been heavily modified hydromorphologically? These waterbodies could be equally as diverse as high-status sites but with a different range of invertebrates
A. A review is currently underway of Ireland's heavily modified waters. The list of waterbodies meeting the designation criteria will be published in the 3rd cycle draft river basin management plan in December 2020 for public consultation. Waterbodies that are heavily modified are classified in terms of their ecological potential rather than ecological status. Ecological potential recognises that the physical habitat conditions (hydromorphology) have been modified and that some aspects of the ecology may be different.
Q. You referenced Q values vs microbiology in a watercourse. Specifically, you noted that Q-values when read in isolation could be interpreted to over-represent the status a watercourse and indeed that if the microbiology content is low, then this would pull the status down. Do you think improvement of microbiology should be considered separately to Q-values or at least should be given an equal importance? E.g. increasing flows, albeit sacrificing some Q parameters, to encourage microbiology.
A. The Q-value which is based on macroinvertebrates may not always be the same as the ecological status which includes a broader assessment of other biological and supporting elements such as fish, nutrients and other physio-chemical parameters and hydromorphology. The overall ecological status, is determined based on the element with the lowest status (sometimes referred to as the 'one out, all out' principle). Measures to improve the water quality in a waterbody will be targeted at the element or elements which are resulting in the water body not meeting its objective.
Q. Thank you for an interesting presentation. What is the nitrate concentration (as NO3 / N?) which defines 'elevated nitrates' in a groundwater?
A. Natural background levels are generally up to 10 mg/l NO3 in groundwater in relatively low intensity areas. Concentrations above 25 mg/l NO3 in groundwater would be termed elevated, but there is potential for groundwater concentrations from 15 mg/l NO3 to impact on sensitive receptors if there is a high dependency on groundwater flow.
Q. Do we now have the data we need to link water status with N derogation farms in the waterbody catchment, in order to assess the impact of the N derogation on the water environment and whether it is compromising Ireland meeting WFD objectives?
A. EPA and DAFM have recently signed an MOU that facilitates the exchange of data. EPA and DAFM are currently working closely together to assess the impacts of agriculture on water quality, with a particular focus on the impacts of dairy expansion and the derogation. These assessments will be used to inform the 3rd cycle river basin management plan and the Nitrates Action Programme.
Q. In relation to prioritisation, of all the waterbodies in the country that are not at good status (or at risk) what proportion (even approximately) are being targeted for action in the Priority Areas for Action?
A. It was identified in the 2nd cycle river basin management plan that there were 1459 waterbodies that were At Risk of not achieving their objectives. The 190 priority areas for action include 726 waterbodies, 551 of which were At Risk (38% of the total waterbodies At Risk). Most of the other waterbodies in the Areas for Action are unmonitored and are in Review because they require additional assessment to determine whether or not they are meeting their objectives.
Q. Using the "one out/all out" approach to WFD Status classification its usually one parameter that drags a waterbody down, are stats available on what parameters are causing receiving waters to fail to meet at least Good status and are these specific parameters being targeted in the RBMPs and catchment projects?
A. The latest EPA Water Quality in Ireland report (2013-18) includes an assessment of the parameters influencing status. In rivers for example, in 91% of cases, macroinvertebrates, which are sensitive to organic and nutrient pollution, are the driving factor. Tackling the sources of this pollution is a fundamental part of the river basin management plan.
Session 2: Pressure, Challenges & Opportunities
Carol McCarthy, Local Authority Waters Programme – Two Years on the Ground – Identifying Problems & Fixing Them
Q. What do you do if you find land reclamation/changes being undertaken without planning permission?
A. Much of the land drainage we come across is exempt from planning permission.
Q. Do you have information on the amount of high carbon soil being drained – causes approx. 8% of GHG from Agriculture?
A. I don't have that information as not all land drainage is regulated.
Q. Was there any quarrying activity in the catchment you studied? Have you witnessed any impact from such activities on water quality?
A. There was no active quarrying in the catchment. Our local catchment assessments to-date have identified a small number of sites nationally that require additional assessment to determine if they are a significant pressure.
Q. Will the Priority Areas for Action be expanded and how will these be prioritised?
A. Work is currently progressing on characterisation of Ireland's waters for the 3rd cycle. This will inform the selection of areas for action in the 3rd cycle. It is expected that these areas will be listed in the draft RBMP.
Q. Your presentation provided reason for optimism, especially regarding riparian vegetation/buffer strips. It fits ecological theory since riparian vegetation stabilizes stream banks, blunts sheetflow runoff, absorbs nutrients and boosts biodiversity if native species. Thus, it reduces topsoil erosion and retains our real agricultural capital. So, What percentage of Irish streams have such buffer strips and is this aspect of your project in Cork being up-scaled across Ireland?
A. I do not have national data for % of Irish streams with buffer strips. These are a local measure, following discussion between landowner and implementing body or advisor. LAWPRO is working in 726 water bodies across Ireland during the second cycle and recommending buffer strips for critical source areas on land. Nationally, we are also working to influence policy in this area. One key result of this is that where a buffer is recommended by an ASSAP advisor, that land does not lose its eligibility under the Basic Payment Scheme.
Q. How do the public get information about the pressures identified in PAAs and the management measures being implemented? Is there any opportunity for public participation in decision-making regarding measures?
A. There are two types of measures – basic measures which are statutory (and mandatory). Designation of basic measures often has a public consultation phase where comments are invited from the public. Voluntary measures are site specific and are a matter between the implementing body and the landowner. LAWPRO is working to increase the availability of data on its website, to complement that already available on www.catchments.ie
Q. Could you describe in more detail the steps involved in implementing measures to address the impacts of cattle access, who oversees it; how is it resourced; what is the timeline for implementation?
A. Cattle access points are not always a significant pressure. Assessment of their significance depends on the characteristics of adjacent land, their number within a water body and frequency of use, their location within the catchment and whether the water body has a special designation or has a high-status objective.
Q. In your last slide you outlined some policy considerations. From LAWPRO's work to date, what is the one national policy change that you believe is needed to address systemic issues in agriculture?
A. The issue of drainage (from all sources, not just agriculture) will benefit from a review into its regulation, construction and maintenance.
Q. Under the Planning & Development Regs, the threshold above which a landowner must conduct a mandatory EIA is 2 hectares and the threshold above which they must apply for planning permission (& screening for EIA) is 0.1 hectares. Do you believe that most of the drainage you are detecting is below this threshold or that these regulations are not being adhered to/enforced?
A. The local catchment assessment process has identified a number of areas where tightening up of systems and legislation may need to be considered and the whole issue of drainage, in all contexts – not just agriculture, is one of those areas.
Q. What kind of soil assessments were carried out on the Caha sites?
A. Soil assessments are not carried out during local catchment assessment. Where agriculture is identified as a pressure, the ASSAP advisor will work the landowner and review all documentation including nutrient management plans and soil samples where appropriate.
Session 3: Restoring our Waters
Dr Emma Quinlan, EPA – Dealing with Physical Damage to Rivers: The Morphological Quality Index and Restoration
Q. Why are morphological measures being proposed when linkages between the hydromorph methods and biology have not been established and, therefore, the ecological benefits are non-known?
A. Our current biological indicators are sensitive to nutrient pressures and therefore the impacts of hydromorphological pressures on the ecology is not always evident. Research to find better biological indicators that are sensitive to hydromorphological pressures is ongoing internationally. The general consensus worldwide is that if hydromorphological conditions are good, habitat can be created and maintained, which in turn can support ecology. For example, Hamish Moir's presentation demonstrated this with regard to improvements in fish habitat, and as Mary Liz Walsh stated – 'A healthy river is a robust river'.
Q. Given the emphasis on the importance of biodiversity, how do you propose to demonstrate biodiversity benefits and incorporate biodiversity objectives into WFD measures?
A. It is increasingly recognised that measures can often be selected that will achieve multiple benefits, for water, climate, air quality, biodiversity, natural flood mitigation and health and wellbeing. Rewetting organic soils would be one example. The multiple benefits principle is an important mechanism for achieving synergies across several legislative areas to help us achieve more from less. It will be important that we build on this concept in the next river basin management plan.
Q. Which key agencies would have to work together on river restoration and does Ireland have many fluvial geomorphologists to guide this work?
A. River restoration requires a multi-Agency approach. Relevant agencies include IFI, OPW, EPA, NPWS, Local Authorities, Waterways Ireland, Irish Water, LAWPRO and various Departments including DHPLG, DAFM, DCCAE, etc. Ireland has a small pool of local fluvial geomorphologists who are currently supporting the EPA in a technical capacity to develop our hydromorphological assessment tools.
Q. How will the MQI Ireland assessment tool be used to designate HMWBs? Does it consider the WFD water body unit in isolation or can it be used to assess a full river system where there may be multiple hydromorphological pressures?
A. The designation of heavily modified waterbodies is currently under review. It is an evidence-based assessment using EU guidance, various hydromorphological assessment tools including the MQI, and input from stakeholders. The MQI-Ireland tool is carried out at reach scale taking into account the cumulative impact of multiple pressures within the reach. The assessments are carried out initially at reach scale for the HMWB designation process but ultimately a designation is at waterbody scale.
Q. What is the system in the North and does it work for cross-border rivers? Is it MQI too?
A. The Northern Ireland Environment Agency use the physical habitat assessment, RHAT (River Hydromorphology Assessment Technique) for hydromorphological classification and characterisation. NI-EA carry out a 500m survey and two spot checks for a river waterbody. This survey is also used in the republic – EPA use the same RHAT survey for hydromorphological classification at biological monitoring stations.
Dr Hamish Moir, CBEC Eco-Engineering – Process-Based River Restoration Design in Practice
Q. Given the emphasis on the importance of biodiversity, how do you propose to demonstrate biodiversity benefits and incorporate biodiversity objectives into WFD measures?
A. In terms of physical diversity, we have conducted detailed post-implementation re-surveys to monitor topographical and sedimentary change. There are various metrics that can be used to define physical diversity but we employed Joe Wheaton's Geomorphic Unit Tool (GUT) on the Allt Lorgy (Williams et al 2020, Science of the Total Environment). This showed a clear trajectory of increasing diversity of geomorphic (habitat) units over time. We also conducted habitat modelling for the Lorgy and the River Nairn, predicting the effects of the restoration measures on spawning and juvenile salmon habitat, subsequently validated through habitat use (redd surveys and electrofishing data)
Q. Do you have recommendations for how natural channel and flood management can be promoted as viable options to planners and land owners when considering flood risk and land use management?
A. The multiple benefits of 'process-based' river restoration/ management should be highlighted when promoting such work. Reinstating natural processes can result in a cascade of improvements over time – e.g. flood risk reduction, biodiversity gain, greater aesthetic appearance (and associated improved public interaction with the site), improved fishery etc. Also, the sustainability of re-naturalising is significant – allowing the river to self-regulate with minimal future intervention required (if the design is appropriately implemented). However, I think better policy (and providing funding for implementing such work) will ultimately be the best driver for having this type of work implemented at the scale that it needs to be in order to realise tangible benefits at the catchment scale.
Q. Given the importance of large wood for river restoration, do you think this provides evidence for the benefits of reintroducing beavers?
A. I answered this question in the conference itself but, in short, yes (but with significant caveats relating to the current use of the land and the associated risks to that). The ecology of our river systems evolved with the interaction of many species, including beaver. And beaver are known to have a crucial role in the delivery and storage of large wood to channels in a more natural setting, a critical influence on geomorphic processes. However, the influence of beavers in a heavily managed river environment often results in problems, particularly where there are straightened/ over-deepened/ enbanked channels (producing a response in the river that is very different to that in a natural setting). So, it might be best to remove or reduce the artificial constraints (certainly in the most significantly impacted areas) that are managing the channel (i.e. physical restoration) prior to the reintroduction of beaver.
Note: Beaver are not a native species in Ireland so 'reintroduction' in Hamish's answer is referring to the UK context.
Q. Fascinating presentation and would love to see more of this carried out in Ireland. What kind of cost is associated with this work?
A. The 'purer' process-based restoration approaches where 'Stage 0' or assisted recovery is implented do not require significant ground works (e.g. removing constraints to physical process such as bank protection, embankments etc rather than excavating a new channel etc) and therefore are relatively cheap. This perhaps seems paradoxical since these approaches are the 'ideal' and result on the greatest improvements over time (but this is related to the river doing most of the work in moving to a more natural state).
A caveat being that these approaches should only be applied where there is relatively little risk to infrastrcture/ services/ property etc and where the river has the potential to conduct sufficient 'geomorphic work' (i.e. sediment transport). In terms of actual costs, the Allt Lorgy project was completed from inception to delivery for ~£50k (although this was 8 years ago). Given the greater degree to risk and the fact that a discrete new (initial) channel alignment had to be excavated, the River Nairn project cost ~£300k (this included all the option development, modelling and detailed design phases of the work, as well as construction). Generally, the greater the degree of risk gets, the greater the cost will be.
Q. How do you secure the large wood structure into the bank?
A. If the wood is large enough (about as long as the channel is wide, roughly) and has the root plate and stumps of branches still in place (i.e. to act as 'anchors'), no measures are required to stabilise the wood. No additional stabilisation was used for large wood in the Allt Lorgy project and none has moved in 8 years and a few very significant flood events. However, persuading a client that further stabilisation is not required is sometimes challenging, especially where there is risk to infrastructure etc downstream if the wood mobilises. So, we often require to bury the large wood into the bank and/or bed of the channel, back-filling with ballast in the form of river boulders and then covering with natural bank sediments/ top soil/ turf etc. A large boulder positioned leaning onto the trunk of the large wood piece just behind the root plate on the downstream side provides a very good anchor. Where there is a very twitchy client, we conduct force balance (drag vs buoyancy) assessments on each large wood structure to determine the mass of ballast require to keep them stable under a design flood condition in order to provide assurance that they will not mobilise.
Q. Some really good case studies there Hamish. What has been the level of community engagement with these projects? Are they projects that Local Communities could take on with expert input?
A. Not so much the Upper River Nairn project (it is on a relatively remote sporting estate where some degree of privacy is desired) but the Allt Lorgy is only about 1 km outside of the town of Carrbridge in the Cairngorm National Park. There has been a huge amount of engagement by the local and wider communities, including schools, nature groups etc. This has been largely promoted by the River Spey Catchment Initiative, a local NGO.
Q. It is great to see the appearance of redds in restored river sections. Do you know of any dedicated studies on the recovery of fisheries and macroinvertebrates after these types of works?
A. Internationally, there is a wealth of information on the ecological response to river restoration but not so much on the 'Stage 0', 'process-based', 'assisted recovery', 'rewilding' type of approaches. However, as these types of project become more common, there is an increasing number of studies looking at the response of the biota. We have worked on one published paper (Williams et al 2020, Science of the Total Environment) that looked at the physical response of the Allt Lorgy to this type of restoration (with inferences for the ecology) and we are working on another two now that consider the ecology more specifically (both on the Upper River Nairn project). We do need more ecological sampling though and I'm very keen to explore how biota utilise online wetland environments (very little is known about this as they are all but absent from our environment now, despite being widespread in (pre)historical times).
Q. Could you comment on this type of river restoration in a heavily constrained, urban environment. Have you had experience with this type of scenario?
A. The consideration of physical river processes should be considered in any river restoration/ management/ engineering project – failure to do so is almost always the reason a project fails! However, how much freedom you can give the river to apply those processes (typically dictated by the available width of the 'floodplain') is constrained by infrastructure/ services/ property etc. You just need to work within the defined constraints and, where these are more significant, produce a more 'fixed' design. However, this should still be based on a sound understanding of the physical processes imposed on the site and, as such, will allow for some degree of (controlled) adjustment of the channel.
Rivers are inherently dynamic and we must incorporate some potential for change in our designs (or they will fail over time). We have worked on a large number of urban projects (e.g. Mains of Dyce, Aberdeen; East Tullos Burn, Aberdeen; River Darent, Dartford), developing as naturally functioning a design as the site will permit. Indeed, the greatest positive feedback that we receive following the implementation of a restoration project tends to be in urban projects (much greater room for improvement I think!).
Q. What one policy change would you think is critical for river restoration?
A. I think any policy that encourages 'buy-in' from landowners. Without the mechanism for something similar to 'compulsory purchase' for river restoration works that will have a disproportionate benefit to the environment and society, some reasonable degree of compensation for landowners to 'set aside' a sufficiently wide river corridor to nature would be greatly help in delivering ambitious targets for restoration. Perhaps some elements of farming subsidy could be redirected to environmental 'rewilding'. We certainly need a step change in the way society regards the importance of the environment if we are to build in climate change resilience etc.
Q. Did you have to put in measures to prevent colonisation of invasive non-native species along the restored riparian zones?
A. I addressed this question in the talk but this is always a consideration in all restoration projects. We tend to focus on designing the physical elements of the project so are not so directly involved in these aspects. But it is determined what the local status of INNS is, and appropriate eradication work is undertaken prior to the implementation of the physical works. Furthermore, these schemes usually also involve the development of a planting plan for native species and, often, the fencing off of the site (particularly if deer grazing is an issue).
Q. When developing a restoration plan what stakeholders are involved in the design stage? How do you encourage landowners to agree to the river restoration especially when it would remove some of their lands?
A. This really depends on the project and which stakeholders there are for a given site. There tends to be fewer stakeholders in sites with a lower degree of constraints (i.e. relating to infrastructure, services, property etc), perhaps partly because such sites are more rural/ remote. However, stakeholders will usually include the landowner, farmers (if in a rural setting), the regulators, local authority and relevant NGOs (e.g. fishery/ river trusts etc). Sometimes local community groups too.
We typically begin an 'options appraisal' process for a restoration project, identifying a range of feasible options. Then we will request feedback on these options from stakeholders, often in a 'workshop' type of forum. In some projects there is quite a specific steer from the beginning on what types of options are appropriate from stakeholders though (some people have strongly held views from the outset on what they want from their river).
We have found that, in agricultural settings at least, getting agreement for this type of work (effectively, giving the river more space so requiring some land take) is to demonstrate the benefits to field drainage of a more naturally functioning river corridor. Watercourses in agricultural environments are often artificially straightened, meaning that sediment can only be stored in the bed of the channel. Over time this 'perches' the channel above the adjacent land meaning that the field drainage systems become ineffective (resulting in areas of saturated ground for long periods of the year) and increasing the impact (extents and residence time) of flooding when the channel banks are over-topped.
A renaturalised river corridor stores sediment in the margins of the channel, always maintaining a channel bed lower than the outfall of the field drains and will not so catastrophically inundate (area and duration) agricultural land during floods.
Q. Have you seen ecological recovery since the works were completed at the case study sites and what was the time frame for evidence of recovery since completion of the works?
A. Yes, this was shown in my talk for both the Allt Lorgy and the upper River Nairn. The response in the latter was almost immediate – the design was completed on 21st Sept and fish (sea trout) were spawning in the realigned channel by Oct 9th!
Since the Lorgy project required the river to do most of the work of restoring the channel, the ecological response took a bit longer (first spawning in the second season after the works were completed) but has been progressive since. We do need to collect more ecological data pre- and post-restoration on these projects, especially for juvenile fish and invertebrates. However, there is VERY rarely any monitoring budget to be able to undertake this (all the monitoring undertaken on the Lorgy and the Nairn was funded by ourselves, although this has provided excellent data for research purposes and for presentations!).
Q. How was the experience of interaction with landowners on both banks in the case where works were restricted to one side of the river (straightened section)?
A. That was the upper River Nairn project. It was the same landowner on both banks, just that it was only on the north side of the river where there was any land suitable for agriculture. We had the freedom to pretty much do what we wanted in terms of design on the south side of the previous channel course.
Mary-Liz Walshe, Dublin City Council – Restoring the River Camac
Q. Given the emphasis on the importance of biodiversity, how do you propose to demonstrate biodiversity benefits and incorporate biodiversity objectives into WFD measures?
A. Great question. In many respects, this aspect of river protection and enhancement is known intuitively by members of the public. In some respects, it's almost more important, in my view, to get other professionals to remember their secondary school geography. The features and processes of natural untouched rivers, from waterfalls in the upper reaches, to wetlands and ox-bow lakes in the lowlands, from river cliffs and beaches to the transitional zones where the river mixes with sea water, make a river system so diverse with such a variety of different habitats. Add in seasonal flood and drought conditions and you get an added layer of complexity and diversity. When humans alter a river, channelise it, fix its bed and banks with concrete or other stabilisation methods, cut it off from its floodplains, we make it uniform. We run the risk of removing a multitude of habitats. In trying to put some of the above features and processes back into a river system that has been altered, we are trying to recreate some of these diverse conditions and potential habitats for improved biodiversity.
To my knowledge, the metrics are not all available to river managers or enthusiasts to formally link this back to WFD targets but the beauty of the WFD legislation is that through the emphasis it places on Community Engagement, it allows these issues to be brought to the table by them and that has come through very strongly for DCC on our public engagement and visioning exercises we have carried out in the Camac River Catchment. With the public's help, the WFD agenda can be broader that just the technical at this point, while we wait for the science to catch up.
We are very conscious of the need for the monitoring of ecology and biodiversity both before and after an intervention in the river system, including riparian habitats, so that the changes can be tracked and assessed. Again, the feedback we receive from the general public in relation to such changes, both positive and negative, is very helpful.
Q. Have you any ideas on how best to achieve having open water bodies in our urban areas where there sometimes is a level of fear about the apparent dangers of same for the public. How can authorities overcome this fear? Is this something that DCC have dealt with?
A. I'm delighted you picked up on this point from my presentation as it is something I would have loved to had time to develop further.
Yes, there is often a fear in relation to safety and open water bodies, even with respect to SuDS features, in urban areas. I believe we're at a point now where these concerns can typically be addressed through the design approach and public engagement.
For urban rivers, very often the man-made modifications the rivers have been subjected to actually have the effect of making a river more dangerous. To give one obvious example, a modified u-shaped river channel can be very difficult to climb out of. In my slides I contrast an over-deepened channel with fast flowing water with another example of another small urban river running through a park in the UK. In the second example it's clear that the dangers associated with someone falling into the river are reduced, relative to the first example. Yes, greater access is provided to the river in the second example, but I think we can all see that it's probably safer. There is most certainly a public awareness aspect to this and in DCC we have a very strong dedicated community engagement programme that exists in parallel with our various WFD projects on many of our rivers.
Going back again to the UK example of the river properly connected to its floodplains within a public park: in flood conditions, a larger portion of the park is likely to be flooded when compared to the over-deepened examples so the managers of this river and park would need to ensure that a reliable flood warning system is in place for the users of this public space. The river in full flood in the first example would still be likely to be more dangerous if someone was to fall into the river channel.
In DCC, we find that good design and strong public engagement is the key to overcoming this challenge. This work is ongoing and public safety is a critical consideration.
Q. Is the Camac the worst example of over development along its banks of the rivers running through Dublin?
A. Thanks very much for your question. Dublin, as the capital city probably has more examples of this than anywhere else in Ireland. Other rivers in Dublin with historic over-development would include the Poddle, as well as parts of the Liffey and the Dodder. The legal requirement for planning permission for development was only put in place in Ireland in 1964 and the legacy of, what we would consider now to be, inappropriate development in the wrong location remains with us to the present day.
Within Dublin City, there are a further 33 smaller, historic rivers, which are completely underground today: some of these actually now form part of the City's combined drainage system. The river Camac was very industrial dating as far back as the 1600 and urban settlements within Kilmainham, the local historians tell me, date back even earlier than settlements further down the Liffey towards Dublin Bay, where we consider historical Viking Dublin to be now. When we considered the many roles the river fulfilled for inhabitants hundreds of years ago, including food (fish), drinking water, cleaning, carrying away wastes, water for farm animals and later for power, we start to understand why proximity to the river was so important. From my understanding of the Camac's particular characteristics, what may make it unique in Dublin City is its ownership patterns. Relative to other city rivers of a similar size, a large proportion of it is in private land.
I hope this goes some way to answering your question.
Session 4: Communities in Action
Con McLaughlin, Donegal County Council, & Andy Griggs, Armagh City, Banbridge & Craigavon District Council – CatchmentCARE – Improving Water Quality in Cross Border Catchments
Q. Catchment by catchment seems to be the way to achieve best improvements working with all stakeholders but how can this motivation and interest be maintained after the project is finished?
A. The CatchmentCARE Project has always included the need for a project legacy following the project delivery period which concludes at October 2022. Ongoing work across the various work packages and across the Project Partnership will no doubt contribute to that legacy. However, in the context of 'communities in action' the CatchmentCARE's 'Community Incentive Scheme' (CIS) projects; its on-going Training Programme and Education Programmes should all help instil that sense of local ownership required.
One of the original aims of the CIS/Training was to raise public awareness to have long term positive consequences for the protection and preservation of our rivers and water quality. Citizen scientists and local involvement are essential to a water quality directive and empowering people with knowledge and skills will give a long-lasting return. We need volunteers to be the catchments eyes and ears in order to maintain and enhance water quality.
The CIS and training elements of CatchmentCARE will ensure groups and individuals are in a better position to discuss problem areas and methods of mitigation with the wider public and understand which statutory agencies/NGOs are accountable for water quality/ maintaining local waterways – e.g. IFI, IFA, LAWCO/LAWPRO, NIEA, The Rivers Agency/Rivers Trusts / DAERA / UFU.
From a CatchmentCARE perspective, this is where the interest and motivation for local people and stakeholders should continue post project.
Q. Given the high biodiversity including Zostera marina beds and native oyster beds as well as serious pollution and seafloor damage issues, is there any work on managing the waters of Lough Foyle X border and does any include citizen science?
A. Whilst the waters and seabed of Lough Foyle are not being dealt with directly by CatchmentCARE, Loughs Agency are working on projects to conserve, protect and restore the native oyster population in Lough Foyle. Citizen science is difficult in sub tidal habitats, but Loughs Agency does glean additional information from fishermen on the health of the native oyster population by asking fishermen to report issues such as mortalities and invasive species in addition to their landing returns.
Q. Do you think BREXIT Negotiations will have any impact on on-going Cross-Border Catchment Work and Future Funding via INTERREG etc?
A. The Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) who manage cross border funding as part of the Interreg and Peace Programmes have indicated that they expect the new Peace+ Programme to continue post Brexit.
Q. Hi Andy, Firstly, thank you very much for your presentation. It's great to children taking part in educational activities in the environment. I worked abroad in Canada and the UK teaching environmental education. I saw a huge benefit education has had on communities abroad. My question to you is, do you feel enough funding and attention is being given to education and if so is this an area that can be developed more widely around Ireland?
A. This was answered on the day at the Q&A session which is summarised as follows:
- There are many good exemplars of Environmental Education (EE) across Ireland which are teaching our young people the importance of caring for nature e.g. Eco / Green Schools, Streamscapes, Eco-Unesco's YEA, and many NGO and statutory programmes. So much attention has been given to EE in recent years, however there are problems…
- Unfortunately, whenever funding is tight or withdrawn from the conservation sector it always seems to be the education element which is hit or cut first – it is seen as the fluffy side of the sector but for me it is a hugely important if not crucial part of our work.
- We need to develop our future generations with sustainability in mind, who will care for and have empathy with and want to protect the natural world including our local rivers and catchments.
- In the Northern Irish curriculum, we have a quote under the 'World Around Us' subject which states that "Every young person should have the opportunity to develop a sense of awe and wonder of the world around them"
- We also need to train the educators so that they have the skills and confidence to teach environmental education outside of the classroom and we need to set statutory targets for children to experience the outdoors either in a school's grounds setting or further afield.
- These are the issues and yes there are many opportunities arising out of these which could be rolled out across the country if properly funded and supported.
Donal Sheehan – The BRIDE Project – Opportunities for Multiple Benefits
Q. The current GLAS scheme allows control spraying of pesticides in numerous cases, would you support the complete elimination of spraying in the new eco-schemes?
A. The first step to reduce pesticide use on farms is to eliminate them from natural habitats such as field margins, hedgerows, riparian margins etc. etc. In other words, pesticides should only be allowed in the cropping area. In the example given, it is allowed to spray certain weeds in GLAS measures such as wild bird cover, this, to me, is ridiculous, as the weeds that are being sprayed are often more beneficial than the wild bird cover that was planted! Banning pesticides from natural habitats should be implemented immediately.
There is an underlying problem, when dealing with the issue of pesticide reduction and this is the Noxious Weeds Act of almost 100 years ago, where farmers can still be penalised and even fined for having any of these noxious weeds growing on their farm.
Going down the road of biological farming where the focus is on the soil rather than the crop is, in my opinion, the next step to eliminating pesticides from farming. It will be easier for the grassland farmer than the tillage farmer.
Q. What do you think needs to be the priority under the new CAP to promote the Bride approach across all farms?
A. Safeguard and retain all existing habitats such as wet grassland, hedgerows, species-rich grassland, marsh, etc. etc. Farm payments should go to maintaining these habitats and rewarding farmers for managing them to a high ecological quality. Results-based payments should be implemented so that farmers who are contributing most to environmental improvement get paid most for their work.
Get rid of the eligible land rule.
Q. Who decides if a target species is present and decides how much and how good habitat is on a farm?
A. Our ecologist decides on both. Breeding evidence is required for our target species and we have scoresheets to determine the quality of farmland habitats.
Q. Re his thoughts on the farm advisory system. Do farmers put a lot of value on farm advice they receive and is it this advice that ultimately makes them decide on the measure to implement and where to implement them?
A. Farm advisory services give advice based on producing food whether milk meat or cereals, as efficiently as possible. This is often contradictory to good environmental practice. Peer influence is a bigger factor as if one farmer is implementing a particular farm practice and it's working, others soon follow.
An ecologist should visit every farm once per year and let farmers know the importance of habitats they may have on their farm. Lack of biodiversity awareness (in particular) is a big problem at farm level. How are farmers supposed to conserve biodiversity if they don't know what they are protecting?
Q. Do you think we need a database where citizens can access help and expertise to help overcome the initial hurdle of 'being taken seriously'?
A. I think if there was a forum where citizens could have an influence and air their ideas for others to support and follow up, it would be helpful. Re the issue of biodiversity loss and other environmental issues, farmers are the best to give solutions because they can see practically, on the ground, what will work and what won't.
Q. Is there any way we can develop a connection between community and farming education with regards macroinvertebrate training? Or is there a funding and training already available?
A. This could be taught in schools. Teacher training courses during the summer months could train up teachers to kick sample and identify macroinvertebrates. It would be great for teachers to go to a local stream during May or June with their class and carry out this as part of a nature walk. Get local Tidy Towns group to support the initiative.
Q. What is Donal's view of the Nitrates derogation? What is his experience of its impact in the Bride catchment and does he believe that it is necessary for viable dairy farming?
A. The Nitrates Derogation is a safety net that encourages us to put out more fertiliser rather than less. As an industry we should be seen to be cutting back on the high nitrogen use on our farms. Leaving derogation is the first step.
The Bride river has a moderate water quality standard and it suffers as much as any other river. Blaming farmers isn't the solution, we all drink the same water and a co-ordinated and co-operative approach is needed to sort out the problem. It certainly isn't necessary for viable dairy farming as many dairy farmers are not in derogation. It would encourage farmers to utilise artificial fertilisers and slurry more efficiently if derogation was to go. It would also ensure clover swards and multi-species swards, both of which contribute to biodiversity also, could become common place.


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When it comes to her style, Rita Ora almost always chooses pieces that is going to garnish her some attention, and that's not a bad thing. On Saturday(December 7th) she was on the red carpet for the 2019 Capital Jingle Bell Ball at The O2 Arena in London.
Showing off her toned abs, she wore a GUY LAROCHE SPRING 2020 ensemble which featured a brown & white graphic one long sleeve, cutout & side split dress with the matching knee-high boot-sandal.
Her graphic ensemble was dressed up with a selection of silver statement jewelry which put the finishing touched on her look. This is not the best look but I though her beauty look was flawless. Are you feeling Rita's sultry graphic ensemble?
Credit: InstarImages, Vogue.com

subset: commoncrawl


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"The best vacation I've ever been on was when we we went down the coast of Italy, then to Athens—which is a pit, but the Parthenon is mind-blowing…."
-Steve Jobs
I have the feeling that, as is the case with most travelers on cruises that are making multiple destinations, not a lot of time was spent in Athens. That's a real shame because Athens is vast and diverse, in every capacity. It is not without its challenges of course…and they are ample, but the point is that for most of the world Athens is the Parthenon, as Egypt is her Pyramids, and France is her metal phallus, etc…etc... In fact when I googled "Egypt" and "France," the image search results yielded the pictures I have below.
That said, when I searched "Greece," 95% of the image results were the islands, so there is the argument that beyond the parthenon, Greece is known just for the islands...with no distinguishing between the dodecanese, the Ionian, the Cycladic, etc.... Most people are (through no fault of their own) unaware that Greece also has the 11th longest coastline in the world. There are mountains and regions of indescribable beauty like Meteora, which appears to be not of this world. But given that most people fly into Greece from Athens, it's the appropriate place to start.
I had always wanted to ride in Greece…all the long car trips we'd take when we were on vacation here…I imagined what it would be like going up these mountain roads by bike…what the descents would be like...what it would be like to ride through these tiny villages that have been preserved and unfazed by the insanity that has become the modern world. On the other hand, driving around Athens (or any city in Greece) is fucking stressful and maniacal. The idea of riding my bike around there exhilarated me but I can also admit it scared me and intimidated me. But one day I saw a man riding an old clunker bike. He was on a major road….no helmet, no lights..just pedaling. That immediately quelled any concerns about my own ability to handle it.
As it turns out, the biggest concern when it comes to riding around Athens is motorcycles. Take every fucking thing you've ever heard motorists say about cyclists…and it will accurately describe Athenian motorcyclists. When they buzz you at 130 km an hour…it's infuriating that someone as exposed as a motorcyclist would do that to someone even less exposed. You will also grow nerves of steel.
You're going to need those when you're exploding down Vasileos Kostantinou Avenue and you've got the ancient stadium to the left, and you'll need them still a little further down when you're navigating cars, motorcycles and trolley lines where the road becomes Ardittou, and you see the Parthenon up on the hill, and the top of the columns from the Temple of Olympian Zeus.
Today's Athens is built literally on top of ancient Athens, and this is prevalent throughout the city and her neighborhoods. This means that there are hidden gems all over. In front of the Athens Hilton, next to the famous Dromeas sculpture of the running figure made by layered pieces of glass, is a two thousand year old olive tree. That's old, but for perspective, there are olive trees in Crete that are 3 thousand years old! Whether or not you are religious, certainly the appreciation for some of these old byzantine churches that are built below street level add to the character and richness of the culture here. And in the area of Monastiraki and Psiri, some of the oldest buildings have been converted into the trendiest of bars, combining the old aesthetic with the luxuries of today's technology in lighting and architecture.
Exploring is, in my opinion, best left to the indiviudal. And Athens is a city that needs to be explored, both by bike and by foot for the many places the bike won't do. But there's also the mountains…and some destinations that are so easy to get to that they are absolute musts when it comes to cycling around here.
As far as destinations go, and as not to dissuade any readers that aren't prone to climbing, we'll start with the relatively flat ride along the Athens Riviera out to Sounio, where the temple of Poseidon is.
It's a cool 40 miles each way…with only one tough climb which according to Strava is a 16.2% grade, but I don't remember anything that hard….maybe because it's only about 130 meters long. The rest of the climbs don't go above a 6% grade, and any climb you come to is bringing you casually higher up above the Aegean. There is one climb that curves around a little seaside village nestled between in a little cove so you actually have a descent down one side and a climb up the other.
There are sections of this road that remind me of Route One, in Northern California. The juxtaposition of sea and mountains, as well as the vegetation are almost identical.
If you do this ride, it might be worth bringing a bathing suit. You will you come across a number of beaches, as well as a bunch of spots from which you can comfortably walk down to where the water is and have a secluded beach of your own. At those beaches, you probably won't need the bathing suit.
Each town you ride through is going to have a few different options for food. If you're out there hammering away going for KOMs and QOMs and you want to grab some fuel, just about every village in Greece will have a bakery with spanakopita (spinach pie). Hopefully, they'll also have it with feta cheese for a light, powerful and nutritious snack.
If you're making this an all day or 3/4 day trip, you'll pass a number of fresh fish taverns and various other restaurants with more options in places like Vouliagmeni and Varkiza, or further along in Anavyssos.
You will ultimately see the temple off in the distance to your right. It will disappear behind some turns and reappear again, larger and with more detail in the columns coming into view. You'll have one final climb up and to the right before taking the right hand turn about a mile up to where the parking lot for the temple is.
You won't be able to bring your bikes past the gates for the temple (this is the case for all archeological/historical sites), so if you're in a group, split the duty of bike-watch and temple walk. The temple itself is remarkable…built in 444 BC and still standing magnificently on the cape of Sounion. Legend has it this is where King Aegeus threw himself off the cliffs when he mistakenly assumed his son Theseus had been killed by the minotaur in Crete.
In ancient times, fisherman and sailors came to this temple to appease the god of the sea, Poseidon. This was so he would keep the seas calm on their voyages.
While the columns of the temple are still very much in tact, the remnants of the temple's statues and other sculptures are on display at the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, as well as at the Mineralogical Museum in Lavrio, which is about another ten miles down the road.
If you time it right (and this is gonna depend on what month you're doing this in), you can catch a remarkable sunset in Sounio. And on the other end of the celestial spectrum, you can catch an unbelievable moonrise.
Regardless of the time you choose to do the ride though, it's a must do for Athens. It's relatively easy, safe, and will give anyone a small glimpse of what Athens has to offer beyond museums and the congested center of the city.
Below I made a short compilation video of the coastal ride. The music is by artist Stelios Vassiloudis.


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The br element forces a line break in the middle of a paragraph without actually terminating the paragraph.
This is used when the author or poet wants precise control over the text layout.
It is also useful when the otherwise automatic typographic flow algorithm causes the text to be poorly laid out.


text: I've always thought that pen & ink wasn't for me, strangely, the more I do it the more I like it. Sorry, there is no reference to compare to because I took features from several owls (of the same species) and combined what I liked, leaving a composite. Unlike 99% of what I draw I'm actually happy with this. I drew this with dip pen and ink [not AR although I did a practice run with AR]


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Until his retirement in October 1996, Sefton Boyars, CPA (ret.), CGFM (ret.) had been the Department of Education's Regional Inspector General for Audit in Regions IX and X for sixteen years. During his 35-year career, Mr. Boyars worked for a variety of federal government audit agencies and a California county.
Mr. Boyars is active in his profession. He is a member of the California CPA Society and was a long-time chair of his chapter's combined committee on Accounting Principles and Auditing Standards and Government Accounting and Auditing. He served on the Qualifications Committee of the California State Board of Accountancy for three years. Mr. Boyars is a Certified Public Accountant and a Certified Government Financial Manager.
He is a past chair of the Western Intergovernmental Audit Forum and often served as chair or co-chair of its subcommittees and roundtables. Mr. Boyars is a past president of the San Francisco Chapter of the Association of Government Accountants.
Mr. Boyars is an experienced trainer and has taught for numerous organizations, including federal, state, and local governments, professional associations, the USDA Graduate School, and Management Concepts, Incorporated. He received AGA's National Education and Training Award for 1998.
Mr. Boyars is the author of the Association of Government Accountants' study guide for Course 3 of the Certified Government Financial Manager: Governmental Financial Management and Control. The most recent revision was issued in the spring of 2014.


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The Rise of SkyWalker has been called the most diverse Star Wars:
Diversity in Movies
At USC, the Annenberg School's "Inclusion Initiative" keeps us up-to-date on diversity in movies. Through a lens that sees gender, race/ethnicity, LGBTQ, and disability, they look at the stars, supporting actors, directors, and critics for top films.
1. Leading and Co-Leading Roles
Below you can see that (rather small) numbers for UR (underrepresented) leads and co-leads have trended upward. From 2018 to 2019, they rose by four. Meanwhile, between 2007 and 2019, 17 percent of the top 1300 films had stars that reflected diversity:
We can ask how many female actors came from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. Again, the totals are small. Among the 43 women who had leading or co-leading roles in the top 100 films in 2019, 16 were from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. In 2018, there were 11:
2. Film Distributors
We can also compare distributors' global revenue to the amounts generated by UR leads and co-leads. Do note that while we are talking about just two films with underrepresented racial/ethnic leads/co-leads, Disney's revenue was massive:
3. Film Directors
Comparing the critical reviews of films, the best reviews were for UR female directors:
However, the number of UR female directors has been egregiously minimal:
4. LGBT characters
The numbers get even smaller when we look at UR LGBT characters:
Our Bottom Line: Expectations Bias
Citing her concern, a behavioral economist would go straight to our expectations bias. Stated very simply, an expectations bias connects what we are used to seeing with what we think we will see. It can shape how we act and what we accept as normal. If you return above to the second table under Film Directors, you see that there is a vast gap between estimates for the UR population and their film presence.
Through their leads and co-leads, the movies are creating an inaccurate expectations bias that ripples far beyond a screen.
My sources and more: My go-to for women in the movies, Annenberg's Stacy Smith and her co-researchers had this 2020 research brief and this one from 2019. In addition, they looked at the LGBTQ movie numbers and directors.


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Van Wezel Schooltime Performances
Teach beyond the classroom! Van Wezel Schooltime Performances present high quality, nationally and internationally renowned artists and performances for area students. Each Schooltime Performance connects to Florida Standards through engaging, awe-inspiring performing arts.
2023-24 Schooltime Performances Registration is now OPEN!
Providing Schooltime Performances during the school year is one of our most exciting adventures. The Van Wezel Education department is thrilled to announce the return of Schooltime Performances back to the stage.
Please continue to check our website for more updates and information. If you have any questions, please contact Margaret Lindsey at (941) 263-6750 or firstname.lastname@example.com


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Livestream tickets are officially on sale for ILLENIUM's TRILOGY concert at Allegiant Stadium in Las Vegas. On July 3, ILLENIUM will christen the brand new state-of-the-art venue, showcasing three individual sets over the course of a single evening. Each set is designed to commemorate one of the DJ's previous three albums, Ashes, Awake and Ascend, respectively. The event marks the final chapter of ILLENIUM's recording trilogy, as he embarks on a new musical journey with his forthcoming LP, Fallen Embers, scheduled for a July 16 release.
Produced by an award-winning team with 16 cameras filming in 4k, the TRILOGY livestream is set to be a one-of-a-kind ILLENIUM fan experience, featuring exclusive backstage content, behind-the-scenes footage, and previously unseen interviews, while also capturing every angle of the concert. What's more, ILLENIUM plans to crowd-test elements from Fallen Embers during a final 20-minute live preview. Powered by Tixr, the digital event will be made available on any computer or mobile screen, as well as via Tixr's Roku TV, Apple TV, and Fire TV apps.
Purchase livestream tickets to the ILLENIUM's TRILOGY event here.
Featured image: Rukes
Categories: News


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iCIMS chairman brings extensive leadership experience to contribute to Northpass' next wave of growth.
Northpass, a global technology company providing the leading cloud-based learning platform, announced today the appointment of Colin Day to its Board of Directors. The addition of Day brings the total number of Board members to four, with this being the first independent seat.
Day brings more than 20 years of Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) technology experience to his new Board role at Northpass. Currently, Day serves as the Chairman of iCIMS, which he founded in 2000. Having scaled iCIMS to over 4,000 customers with more than $250MM in recurring revenue, today, iCIMS is the leading SaaS-based enterprise recruiting platform. This growth has been recognized by Inc., which named iCIMS one of America's fastest-growing private companies for 13 years. The company's technology supports over 2 million global, licensed users across more than 200 countries.
As an executive widely recognized for his leadership ability, Day has been named one of the Highest Rated CEOs on Glassdoor for Small and Medium Companies in 2015, 2018 and 2019. Additionally, he was named one of The SaaS Report's Top 50 SaaS CEOs from 2017-2019.
"The Northpass team is extremely excited to welcome Colin to our Board. Given Colin's experience — having founded and scaled a fantastic SaaS business in the human capital arena — we are confident that the entire team will benefit immensely from Colin's extensive, domain-specific knowledge as Northpass matures in 2020 and beyond." said Steve Cornwell, chief executive officer & founder, Northpass.
Day notes, "Since Northpass' learning platform hit the market, it has been consistently pushing the boundaries of what defines a learning management system (LMS). Steve and his team have been able to deliver a new approach to how today's professionals are trained, and I believe this will reshape how every corporation conducts learning-based programs going forward. As Northpass continues to evolve its technology and bring forth innovative, learner-focused solutions, I am looking forward to helping Northpass achieve its next wave of growth."
Day holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Psychology from Cornell University. Currently, he serves as a corporation board member at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, a non-profit organization dedicated to ocean research, exploration and education. In addition, Day serves as a senior advisor at Susquehanna Growth Equity, a private equity and venture capital firm that makes investments in growth-stage software companies. He also serves as an advisory board member at Acadian Ventures, a venture capital firm investing in early-stage, work-related technology companies.
Richard Posluszny
VP of Marketing, Northpass


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TJ Griffin
DDAP, BDAP, PCB training provider
All local, state and federal clearances available
TJ Griffin is a youth mentor, program provider, national trainer and the founder of The Vision Program which provides programs, curriculum and workshops for at-risk youth predominately in the Juvenile Justice system. TJ is also an accredited trainer in Juvenile Justice providing training opportunites for youth-care workers and support staff, addiction counselors, judges and probation officers. In 2018 TJ spoke on the TEDx platform where he talked about the effects environments have on a child's belief system , titled "The Paper Plane Effect" TJ is also an actor and recently starred in the independent faith-based film "CHOICES "based on the true story of speaker and author Ron James. TJ has been featured in many local and national publications such as SUCCESS magazine for his work with at-risk youth.
Before working in juvenile justice TJ was a recording artist manager and booking agent in the music business and has worked with the likes of mega film director Zack Snyder, NORE, Armageddon, Queen, Fat Joe, and rapper-actor ICE T.
Jose Rios
Jose "FLX SOUNDZ" Rios is a professional music producer and engineer with over 15 years of experience working in the music industry. Jose has created catalog of music producing for recording artist, major television shows, film and television networks such as BRAVO and HuLu.
Jose is also a Hip-Hop culture and music educator and the founder of the "Dream Load" program which is a series of music programs and workshops that teach audio production, engineering, recording and business
aspects of the music industry for at risk and court adjudicated youth.
All local, state and federal clearances available


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Selling even a stunning, high-specification property can be full of challenges if home builders and real estate agents do not use the right marketing strategies. On top of that, the impact of COVID-19 on the housing market has significantly increased the need for online marketing. Along with all the traditional means and word of mouth, digital marketing done strategically is just as important. This is because the buyer market is dominated by tech-savvy people who prefer shortlisting properties online and visiting only the best ones.
When marketing any property, home, or listing online, it is imperative that you keep in mind the essential tools needed to bring success to any marketing ideas for home builders and real estate agents. These tools will not only help you show your listings in the best light but also help sell them faster and at better rates.
Here's why a 3D floor plan is a great tool to help you market your real estate listing and how it will benefit your potential buyers:
A well-planned 3D floor plan not only helps when you want to help your potential buyer get clarity on the listing, but it also helps in attracting buyers if you display the plan on your website or share it on social media.
Showcase Your Property With the Perfect 3D Floor Plan Now.
Here's why virtual staging can be very profitable for you when you're trying to market and sell a listing faster and for a higher price:
Most importantly, it helps your buyer visualize themselves in the property and draw a connection – helping you sell your property to the right buyer.
Get a Lead in the Real Estate Market With Styldod's Stunning Virtual Staging Services.
As published on realtor.com, listings with virtual tours get 40% more clicks than listings without virtual tours. This is because virtual tours give potential buyers the feel of a home without having to physically visit the property in person.
Here's why 360° virtual real estate tours can be super helpful in marketing and selling your property right:
Moreover, virtual tours will save you the time and cost of driving back and forth to show listings to people who might not even buy from you.
Visit Styldod to Have the Most Stylish Real Estate Virtual Tours Created.
Hire a professional to do the job and make sure your website has an attractive look & feel, easy navigation, contact information, and sign-up details for visitors to receive updates.
In a highly competitive real estate market where buyers can easily find properties based on their price, square footage, and location preferences, high-quality photographs make your property stand out. In addition, it allows you to highlight the most beautiful features of your properties, such as spaciousness, natural lighting, aesthetics, etc.
On the other hand, amateur photos can make your property look cramped, dark, and unattractive. This is the reason professional real estate photography is an excellent investment.
Here are some important photography tips from our real estate photography guide to help you showcase your properties better:
Attract Clients From Your Socials With Eye-Catching Real Estate Flyers!
Here's why social media is a great marketing tool for your real estate business and listings:
Social media helps you showcase your brand in the best light and gain a positive reputation, which is the cornerstone of success in the real estate market.
Related article: Top 13 Real Estate Social Media Marketing Strategies For New Realtors In 2023
Real estate marketing is a great way to establish solid public relations and credibility among clients. So, make sure to also take advantage of print media and billboards. Collect testimonials, reviews, and experiences of your clients and showcase them on various platforms to gain new clients. Finally, and most importantly, market with the intention of becoming the best and most trustworthy brand there is.
Styldod is a one-stop destination for real estate agents and home builders for everything you need to market your real estate listings efficiently. We can help you with everything, from excellent 3D floor plans to virtual staging and 360° house tours.
Contact us today and place your order.


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dotnet add package Iron.IronWorker --version 1.0.3
NuGet\Install-Package Iron.IronWorker -Version 1.0.3
This command is intended to be used within the Package Manager Console in Visual Studio, as it uses the NuGet module's version of Install-Package.
<PackageReference Include="Iron.IronWorker" Version="1.0.3" />
For projects that support PackageReference, copy this XML node into the project file to reference the package.
paket add Iron.IronWorker --version 1.0.3
The NuGet Team does not provide support for this client. Please contact its maintainers for support.
#r "nuget: Iron.IronWorker, 1.0.3"
#r directive can be used in F# Interactive and Polyglot Notebooks. Copy this into the interactive tool or source code of the script to reference the package.
// Install Iron.IronWorker as a Cake Addin
#addin nuget:?package=Iron.IronWorker&version=1.0.3
// Install Iron.IronWorker as a Cake Tool
#tool nuget:?package=Iron.IronWorker&version=1.0.3
The NuGet Team does not provide support for this client. Please contact its maintainers for support.
An easy-to-use scalable task queue that gives cloud developers a simple way to offload front-end tasks, run scheduled jobs, and process tasks in the background and at scale.
Product | Versions Compatible and additional computed target framework versions. |
.NET Framework | net is compatible. |
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- Iron.IronCore (>= 1.0.6)
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Added generate Webhook URI method


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That thought, feeling, or emotion that you keep trying to repress or run away from --- its not going anywhere until you allow it expression. That is why it keeps coming up. The stronger you push it away, the more power you give to it, allowing it seem much bigger than it is. Feel His Presence within this thing you are pushing away, because He is All.
Lawrence Doochin
These posts are similar to the over 2600 contained on The Divine Speaks website where God gives YOU the one that you need to hear at that time.
Lawrence is the author of several books on emotional and spiritual healing and spirituality, including the latest: "A Book On Fear: Feeling Safe In A Challenging World" which can be purchased on Amazon at the link below. This is a powerful book for these times that helps us to see where our beliefs come from and how they create fear in us. It includes many simple tools to move out of fear.


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We are proud to announce that the Young Alumni Club's kick-off party was successfully held on 1 February 2013, where 78 young alumni gathered together at Azure Bar of LKF hotel in Central to celebrate the founding of the Club.
It was a joyful event, where old brothers and sisters meet after a of hard work, talking about the good old days in St. John's and challenging and exciting stories they encounter at the present. The party was also an occasion where St. Johnians from different years get
to know each other and share their experience in life.
During the party, we also played games like bingo, snooker and lucky draw.
We would like to express our gratitude towards SJCAA and the College for sponsoring prizes for our party games and Miss Serena Choi and Mr. Yu Man Fai, who sang and played music for us during the party.
Photos of the events have been uploaded to the Club's Facebook page at www.facebook.com/sjcyoungalumni.
The kick-off party marks another page in St. John's history and we hope that the Young Alumni Club can be a channel to foster integration and communication among St. Johnians of all ages and a channel for young alumni to commit to St. John's and the community. We hope that St. Johnians will continue to support us in our upcoming events.
Young Alumni Club Founding Committee
St. John's College Alumni Association


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Tips and Guides
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As travel professionals in Philadelphia we know the best way around town and we have created some example itineraries of how you could use your Philadelphia FLEX Pass. Don't forget, these are only examples, you can visit any of the iconic attractions included on the pass in any order you like. Enjoy huge savings vs. gate prices.
Philadelphia Sightseeing FLEX Pass offers free entry to top iconic places, but it also introduces Pass holders to many unique tours, historical sites and museums. There is plenty to choose from. You choose a Pass valid for 3, 4, 5, or 7 visits, then take up to 30 days to explore the attractions that you wish to see most. See below what you could see with Sightseeing Flex Pass. You don't have to decide now which attractions you are going to visit. Enjoy your trip to Philadelphia and save money with Sightseeing FLEX Pass.
Sample savings on 3 Attractions FLEX Pass
Normal Entry Price$22.00
Normal Entry Price$36.00
Normal Entry Price$40.00
Cost Without The Sightseeing Pass$98.00
Adult FLEX Pass - 3 Attractions - Philadelphia$55.20
Saving per person with the Sightseeing Pass$42.80
Sample savings on 4 Attractions FLEX Pass
Normal Entry Price$21.95
Cost Without The Sightseeing Pass$119.95
Adult FLEX Pass - 4 Attractions - Philadelphia$72.80
Saving per person with the Sightseeing Pass$47.15
Sample savings on 5 Attractions FLEX Pass
Normal Entry Price$38.49
Cost Without The Sightseeing Pass$158.44
Adult FLEX Pass - 5 Attractions - Philadelphia$83.20
Saving per person with the Sightseeing Pass$75.24
Sample savings on 7 Attractions FLEX Pass
Normal Entry Price$14.50
Normal Entry Price$19.00
Normal Entry Price$32.00
Cost Without The Sightseeing Pass$201.94
Adult FLEX Pass - 7 Attractions - Philadelphia$111.20
Saving per person with the Sightseeing Pass$90.74
Plan your trip
Daily insiders Travel Tips for selected destinations


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Ruby Falls
Discover holiday wonder and adventure at Ruby Falls!
Gather family and return to a simpler time with a classic Christmas on the mountain featuring magical views, beautiful holiday lights on the Village Plaza, and plenty of festive cheer in historic Ruby Falls Castle with special activities. Add your holiday wish to the Forest of Wishes, where thousands of heartfelt holiday aspirations create a magical display of hopes and dreams! Stop by for a professional keepsake family photo with Santa on select dates. Enjoy time together during a cave adventure and linger longer by the café's cozy fireplace with a casual meal, festive treat, hot cocoa, and local craft beer.


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Reports and evaluation
From COVID to Olympics: things that inspire us (PDF, 183 Kb)
Brand new article from John Oxley on why the Olympics gives us a unique opportunity to change the narrative about physical activity so that everyone has an equal chance to lead an active life
The Community Paradigm report focuses on a public services move toward a more preventative approach. The paper highlights how individual citizens, their communities and networks must take on greater responsibility for their own lives. However, that flourishing of responsibility will only occur if citizens and communities are given the power to exercise it. This means fundamentally challenging the strong tendency of public services to hoard power rather than share it.
Read the report below to understand why the public services are in need of radical change if they are to survive the big challenges they face.
The Community Paradigm Final (PDF, 2.1 Mb)
In the last few decades, collaboration across the public, private, community and voluntary sectors has greatly increased. Local authorities have been searching for new ways to save money whilst delivering effective public services. There is also a strong interest in engaging local community members.
Read the report below to find out how the collaboration can help develop solutions to current social issues.
Bsg Golab Arewerallyingtogether (PDF, 869 Kb)


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Priyanka Chopra Celebrates Upcoming Wedding to Nick Jonas With Hollywood Star-Packed Bridal Shower
Priyanka Chopra and Nick Jonas became engaged this summer, and it seems the pair is in full swing [...]
Priyanka Chopra and Nick Jonas became engaged this summer, and it seems the pair is in full swing preparing for their upcoming wedding as Chopra celebrated her impending nuptials with a bridal shower over the weekend.
Chopra's bash was held in New York City, with close friends and family hosting the event for the actress. Us Weekly shares that the shower took place at the Tiffany's Blue Box Café and was attended by stars including Kelly Ripa and Lupita Nyong'o as well as Jonas' brother, Kevin Jonas, and his wife, Danielle Jonas.
For her shower, the 36-year-old wore a white strapless Marchesa dress with a feathered skirt, accessorizing with nude Christian Louboutin pumps, a matching clutch and diamond necklace.
Walking into the venue, Chopra was asked by reporters how excited she was for the shower, with the Quantico star replying, "So much."
The party was thrown by bridesmaids Mubina Rattonsey and Anjula Acharia, who gave speeches at the event. Guests danced to Bollywood music spun by a DJ and later left with a gift bag from Tiffany's containing a bottle of champagne and a wrapped gift.
Ahead of the party, Chopra used her Instagram Story to share a snap of herself getting ready with her glam team as well as some of her best friends.
"My girls r in town!" she wrote, adding the hashtags #anyreasontoparty and #preweddingcelebrations.
Chopra's love for Tiffany & Co. has been well-documented, as the famous jewelry store is where Jonas purchased his fiancée's engagement ring at a Tiffany's location after shutting the store down to purchase the bauble.
Speaking to People earlier this month, Chopra admitted that she gave Jonas a few hints about where she'd like her ring to be from, explaining that there were a few films that influenced her love for the store.
"Well, I may have dropped that hint," she said. "I think we had a conversation about it when we were dating and I've always known it had to be Tiffany."
"I just knew it since I was a kid," she continued. "First, it was Breakfast at Tiffany's that did it for every girl in the world and then, of course, Sweet Home Alabama came and put a stamp on it that it has to be Tiffany!"
Chopra added, "Since I was a little girl, it was just something that was stuck in my head and I may have said that and I guess he remembered."
Photo Credit: Getty / Jared Siskin


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Milano Arca - Black 500mm Compact WC Unit with Japanese Bidet Toilet
Create a bathroom that stands-out from the crowd and introduce high-tech designer style with the Milano Arca black WC unit and Japanese bidet toilet.
Boasting a space-saving two-in-one design, the Japanese bidet toilet incorporates various wash functions, adjustable temperature drying and a deodorising function for the ultimate in cleanliness and hygiene. There's even an integral light to aid use during the night. Supplied with a remote control, the settings are easy to adjust and the preference can be saved for each user.
Made from premium quality ceramic with a hard-wearing, easy to clean white glaze, the Japanese bidet toilet, with soft close seat, is designed to float above the floor, helping to maximise space and creating a contemporary look.
The super-sleek WC unit features a black tempered glass panel and a durable aluminium frame. The included water-saving HDPE dual flush cistern is operated by using the hands-free sensor, ensuring ease of use and helping to prevent the spread of germs. The unit hides the cistern and pipework, creating a minimal look.
Arca Complete WC Unit Features:
- WC Unit Dimensions: W 483mm x D 108mm x H 1000mm
- Toilet Dimensions: W 384mm x D 593mm x H 300mm
- Minimal and contemporary design - perfect for modern bathrooms
- Tempered black glass panels with anti-corrosive aluminium frame WC unit for strength and durability
- Hard-wearing ceramic bidet toilet with easy to clean white glazed enamel finish and soft close seat
- Bidet toilet offers washing, drying, massaging and deodorizing functions
- Programmable bidet toilet settings for individual users via remote control
- Conceals the cistern and pipework for a neat and tidy look
- Hands-free flush sensor allows for hygienic use to avoid spreading germs
- Dual flush 6/3 litre concealed cistern - better for the environment and your water bills
- Long life 20 year guarantee for toilet and 10 year guarantee for WC unit
What's Included?
- Milano Arca - Black WC Unit with Sensor Flush and Concealed Cistern
- Milano Luxus - Wall Hung Japanese Bidet Toilet and Soft Close Seat
Please note: the cistern sensor switch requires x4 AA batteries and the remote control requires x2 AAA batteries - these are not included.
Range | Arca, Luxus |
Style | Modern |
Finish | Black |
Toilet Type | Smart Toilet, Wall Hung Toilet |
Shape | Round |
Fitting | Wall Mounted |
Cistern Included | Yes |
Material | Ceramic, Glass, Polypropylene, Steel |
Toilet Seat Material | Duroplast |
Flush Type | Sensor Flush |
Waste Type | Horizontal |
Volume (litres) | 6/3 litres |
Water Inlet Location | Bottom Right |
Inlet Connection | 1/2'' Inlet |
Overflow | Internal |
Soft Close Seat | Yes |
Height (mm) | 1,000 |
Pan Height (mm) | 410 |
Width (mm) | 483 |
Projection (mm) | 701 |
Certification | CE, EN997:2018, EN14055 |
Guarantee | 20 Years |
Blending stylish looks with modern practicality, the Milano Luxus boasts an eye-catching contemporary design with smooth lines that will create an elegant finish in the bathroom.
The minimalist and modern design of this item makes it the perfect choice for any contemporary bathroom.
This intelligent Japanese bidet toilet features various wash and dry settings that can be programmed for individual users, all controlled by a multi-function remote control.
This item comes with an industry-leading long-life guarantee for added quality assurance and peace of mind.
By shopping at BigBathroomShop.co.uk you can benefit from a quick and efficient delivery service.
*Our standard 2-5 working days delivery offering costs just £4.95 for orders below £295 and is free for orders over £295 to postcodes in England, Wales and certain areas of Scotland. Standard delivery to more remote areas in Scotland, Northern Ireland, and to the Isle of Wight, Isle of Man, Channel Islands and Isles of Scilly are charged at different rates, starting from just £9.95.
We also offer Premium delivery options on UK orders only such as: Named Day, Next Working Day, Saturday and 2-Person Delivery. The lead times, prices and availability for these options are calculated and displayed during the checkout process depending on the contents of your order and the delivery location.
We use various couriers to give us the flexibility to ensure that your delivery reaches you in perfect condition. Deliveries are not made on bank holidays, so please allow extra time for your order to arrive at these times, especially during the Easter and Christmas periods. Named day delivery and other premium services are available at the checkout stage.
For more details please visit our Delivery & Returns page.
At BigBathroomShop.co.uk we operate a 30 day returns policy, so if you're not completely satisfied with your purchase, then you can return your order within 30 days of receiving it.
To speak with a member of our customer service team, call 0330 027 1032 (for calls outside the UK dial +44 330 027 1032). Lines are open Monday to Friday 8.30am-5pm.
Full details of our returns policy can be found here.
Milano Arca - Black 500mm Compact WC Unit with Japanese Bidet Toilet


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Giving Birth Vaginally after a C-Section
Giving birth vaginally after a c-section is an important consideration for many mothers-to-be, particularly if the previous caesarian birth was unplanned.
It is a misconception that once a mother has had one c-section that she will be unable to have a natural vaginal birth. Many women successfully go on to give birth vaginally after a cesarian.
If you do find yourself pregnant again after having had one c-section, you should make sure you discuss your birth options with your doctor as soon as possible. If your doctor seems keen for you to have another c-section, enquire why this is the case and ask about the possibility of a vaginal birth.
Related Articles
Medical Reasons for Planned C-Section
Medical Reasons for Emergency C-Section
What Happens During a C-Section
Breastfeeding after a C-Section
Risks Associated with C-Sections
Treat Yourself to Me Time!
For the ultimate pregnancy treat, buy our Pregnancy Relaxation CD or download our Pregnancy Relaxation mp3 . Lie back, relax and connect with your unborn baby in the privacy of your own home.
Or, if you're currently struggling with a busy lifestyle and the added demands of parenting, try our Perfect Relaxation for Parents mp3 - take time out for yourself and awaken refreshed and ready to face whatever life throws at you!
Also by BreastfeedingMums
Books We Love!
Support Us!
Write for Us
If you would like to contribute a pregnancy or breastfeeding poem, story or photos, or a miscarriage poem or story, just contact us and we'll add it to the site. Thanks.


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In an interview with Gazzetta dello Sport, Atalanta manager Gian Piero Gasperini reveals his experience having suffered from Covid-19 around the time of his team's Champions League clash with Valencia.
"The night before the game in Valencia, I already had Covid-19, I felt bad. The afternoon of the game I felt even worse."
"The two nights afterwards, at Zingonia, I slept little. I ddn't have a fever, but I was in pieces. At night I would hear ambulance sirens every two minutes, it seemed like war. I thought to myself, 'I can't leave now, I still have so much to do'."
"I had lost my sense of taste , but I didn't know that I had the virus. Then, the tests taken a ten days ago confirmed that I had had Covid-19."


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patterns > geoknittrix collection I: The Tragedies of The Bard and 1 more...
> Descent Into Madness
Descent Into Madness
"Though this be madness, yet there is method in't"
~ Hamlet; Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare, Act 2, Scene 2.
One of the most famous plays by the Bard, Hamlet is a twisted mess of a play. Revenge, comedy, tragedy, love, heartbreak, madness, manipulation, murder, grief, and death all come to stir the plot and add to the emotional tension of the play. Hamlet is the grieving son mourning his father's death. But is that all Hamlet is?
The first time I read the play (and actually the first play I ever read by Shakespeare), I viewed Hamlet as a victim of fate. But upon further reflection and readings, Hamlet comes out as a mad genius/orchestrator of all the chaos proceeding the death of his father. We watch as Hamlet manipulates the emotions of his family and friends, alters events for his favor, and plans to take revenge - all while on the brink of going mad himself.
The play is the unravelling of a powerful mind and the descent into madness and chaos over the course of the play inspired this shawl.
The shawl is knit sideways with an incorporated i-cord edging. The color stripes descend from the lighter main color into the darker contrast with a slow, but steady rate. A little bit of short-row shaping completes the first half of the shawl. On the second half of the shawl, we enter full on madness as the colors blend and blur through the use of a slip stitch texture and the subtle striping of the two colors.
Size: 70 inches along the top edge X 15 inches down the center spine.
Recommended yarn: Two colors of fingering weight yarn in semi-solid/tonal/solid colors. Sample used Sun Valley Fibers MCS (75% Merino/10% Cashmere/15% Silk; 400 yds per skein) in the color ways Kensington (A) and Plum Crazy (B)
Yardage: Color A: 320 yds/ 293 m; Color B: 300 yds/ 275 m
Needles: 32 US size 5/3.75 mm circular needle
Gauge: 6 sts to the inch in garter stitch
Notions: Scissors, tapestry needle
884 projects
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- First published: August 2014
- Page created: August 15, 2014
- Last updated: August 16, 2014 …
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How Do I Know If My Child Is Addicted to Their Cell Phone
Is your child constantly on the phone and always online? Do you think they're addicted to their cell phone? Below, we'll help you find out if your child has a serious problem related to the use of cell phones.
But first, let's clarify the concept of "cell phone addiction" also known as "nomophobia", which comes from the English expression "no-mobile-phone phobia". This term refers to the irrational fear that some people feel when they don't have a cell phone for a certain period of time.
This is as worrying as a gambling or drug addiction. Therefore, as mothers, fathers, or educators, we have to pay attention to this technological disease that's increasingly common among teenagers in our society.
Teenagers and the use of cell phones
Nowadays, most teenagers use their cell phones to socialize, surf the Internet, spend leisure time, etc.
In fact, according to the FEPAD (Foundation for the Study, Prevention and Assistance to Drug Addiction), more than 80% of children at the age of 12 have their own cell phone and at 17, practically 100% of teenagers have one.
But, at this age, are they capable of using it responsibly? It all depends on the education and training they received on the subject.
"If technology dominates and orders your life, you are a slave; if it is a tool that does not take you away from the people you love, it is your ally."
How do I know if my child is addicted to their cell phone?
To know if your child has an addiction, you can take into account the following criteria of the FEPAD:
- Uses their cell phone excessively, it alters their perception of time and affects their daily routine.
- Has withdrawal syndrome, they experience symptoms such as irritability, tension, or anxiety when they can't have their cell phone.
- Shows signs of tolerance, i.e., they need to use their cell phone for longer and longer periods of time in order to feel satisfied.
- Has problems establishing healthy social relationships, this can occur in the family context, at school, and with friends.
Does your child meet most of these points? If so, you should encourage them to complete an online test developed by the OCU (Organization of Consumers and Users). This test can help identify possible abusive or problematic uses related to electronic devices, such as cell phones.
This is the MULTICAGE-TIC questionnaire developed by a team of researchers from the Institute of Addictions and the Center for the Prevention of Cognitive Impairment of the Madrid City Council, the Complutense University in Madrid, and the Rey Juan Carlos University in Madrid.
This evaluative test is made up of simple questions that your child will answer in a short period of time.
What to do if I discover that my child is addicted to their cell phone?
If everything points to the fact that your child is abusing their cell phone, it's time to make some decisions.
The first thing to do is to talk to your child with honesty and understanding. Explain that, for the sake of their health, solving this problem is necessary. Of course, this conversation must take place in an adequate environment in which both parties can express themselves calmly.
Afterward, you should start setting rules regarding the use of their cell phone. The two of you can design these rules by means of the negotiation technique.
Also, if the problem is very serious, then we recommend seeing a specialist to properly treat the teenager's addiction to their cell phone.
All cited sources were thoroughly reviewed by our team to ensure their quality, reliability, currency, and validity. The bibliography of this article was considered reliable and of academic or scientific accuracy.
- FEPAD (s.f.) Guía de actuación FEPAD. Guía para padres y educadores para prevenir o solucionar el abuso de móviles en adolescentes. Valencia: Fundación para el Estudio, Prevención y Asistencia a las Drogodependencias.


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We were unable to provide opening hours. Please contact the Church for more information
Getting here
Although not mentioned in the Doomsday Book there seems little doubt that the original church was built in about the year 1090. The church was enlarged in about the year 1200 when the present fine arcades were positioned where the outer walls formerly stood. History has little to relate about the fortunes of the church until the momentous years of the Civil War when, in 1645, during the siege of the Royalists in the adjoining Manor House (now the Hall), it suffered considerable damage.
In the year 1689 it was recorded that a peal of four bells was already hanging in the belfry, two more were added seventeen years later, and the last two were hung in 1812. The bells have been restored on a number of occasions since then. This fine peal of bells is rung regularly throughout the year. In 1998 a new bell-ringing floor was installed creating an area for kitchen and toilet facilities below.
The church contains many fine examples of stained glass, an impressive candelabrum, and an effigy of a crusader thought to date from 1300, amongst many other interesting features. A fuller history is available in church for visitors.
High Ercall Primary School is situated close to the church and has close links with the church, there is a Pre-school on the same site.
We welcome visitors to our church, which has a lively pattern of modern and traditional services. Visitors of all denominations are always welcome to share fully in communion.
St Michael and All Angels' Church
Church Road
High Ercall
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