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Robust Path-Following Control of a Container Ship Based on Serret–Frenet Frame Transformation
Document Type
Publication Date
Publication Title
Journal of Marine Science and Technology (Japan)
© 2019, The Japan Society of Naval Architects and Ocean Engineers (JASNAOE). A novel disturbance observer-based backstepping controller (DOBBC) is developed and applied to the path-following system of a container ship. Our control objective is to enable the ships to follow a desired path despite the presence of environmental disturbances caused by current, wind, and wave actions. It is particularly challenging to achieve such an objective due to the underactuation and nonlinearity of container ships. To simplify controller design, a tracking error model is developed based on Serret–Frenet frame transformation. The proposed path-following control system is constructed on the model. In DOBBC, the disturbance observer estimates both constant and time-variant environmental disturbances. The backstepping controller compensates the nonlinearity and underactuation of the container ship. A feedback-dominance technique is utilized to design the controller parameters. The stability and robustness of the control system are successfully justified through Lyapunov approach. Simulation results demonstrate that the DOBBC effectively drives the ship to follow a desired trajectory in spite of the existence of time-varying environmental disturbances.
Repository Citation
Zhao, Yang and Dong, Lili, "Robust Path-Following Control of a Container Ship Based on Serret–Frenet Frame Transformation" (2020). Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications. 464.


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Avocados' monounsaturated fat may help lower LDL "bad" cholesterol while raising HDL "good" cholesterol.Nutrition
Make the most of your fruit! Learn how to select, prep, and protect your farm-fresh produce.
How do you select avocados?
Unblemished avocados that yield slightly to finger pressure are ripe and ready to eat. If you select a harder piece of fruit, you can hasten the ripening by placing it in a brown paper bag and leaving it at room temperature for 1 to 2 days.
How do you use avocados?
Slice in salads, top sandwiches, omelettes, sushi or Latin influenced recipes or mash into dips.

subset: commoncrawl


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Nation this week
More than 400 people living in the hilly parts of Chattogram city were evacuated as steady rain threatened to unleash landslides, and deadly landslides in Cox's Bazaar district hit the Rohingya refugee settlements. Families living in the hills of Lalkhan Bazar, Motijharna, Batali Hill, Akbar Shah, Hill-1, Hill-2 and Bayezid Link Road were moved to four shelters of the city - Al Hera Madrasa, Raufabad Rashidia Madrasa, Firoz Shah Primary School and Lalkhan Bazar Primary School. "Separately, 25 risky establishments were also evicted during a drive," Deputy Commissioner Mohammad Mominur Rahman told UNB.
The Bangladesh Meteorological Department has forecast nearly 570mm of accumulated rainfall between July 27-30 and issued warnings of heavy rain and risk of landslides in some hilly regions of the Chattogram division. Hilly areas of Chattogram are especially vulnerable to landslides because of widespread deforestation in the hills. On Tuesday (July 27) 7 people were killed, including 5 Rohingyas, in landslides triggered by over 20 hours of rain.
Bangladeshi authorities must end the crackdown on people's right to freedom of expression online and urgently repeal the draconian Digital Security Act (DSA) unless it can be amended in compliance with international human rights law and standards, Amnesty International said in a new briefing released this week. The briefing, "No space for dissent" examines cases under the DSA against 10 individuals who have been subjected to a wide range of human rights violations including enforced disappearance, arbitrary detention and torture, simply for criticising powerful people on social media.
Bangladesh has at least 433 people imprisoned under the DSA as of July 2021, most of whom are held on allegations of publishing false and offensive information online. The way in which defamation is criminalized under the Digital Security Act shows the serious shortcomings of a criminal approach to defamation, where the law has been further instrumentalised to silence dissent. Amnesty International calls on the Bangladeshi authorities to ensure that defamation is treated as a matter for civil litigation, not criminal.
The government is going to give Tk 13,500 per person and career counselling to 200,000 migrant workers who returned home amid the pandemic. The amount will be handed in one go while the counselling will help them to find employment or to become an entrepreneur. Under the new project, 23,500 selected skilled workers will be given certificates by reputed institutions so that they can have more opportunities at home and abroad.
"We will open offices in 30 districts and recruit consultants in collaboration with the World Bank. From these offices, we shall scrutinise the details about the workers and identify the ones eligible for the benefits," said A Khaleque Mullick, joint secretary (planning) at the Expatriates' Welfare Ministry. Migrant workers from all over the country can avail the benefits from those offices and services, he added. The new project will cost an estimated Tk 427 crore, of which the World Bank will provide Tk 425 crore.
Jamuna Group is going to invest Tk 1,000 crore in Bangladesh's beleaguered e-commerce company Evaly, the latter said in a press release this week that stunned observers. "Initially, Jamuna will invest Tk 200 crore. The company plans to invest a total of Taka 1000 crore phase by phase," it read. More detailed information about the investment would be released step-by-step. The disclosure comes at a time when several agencies, including the Anti-Corruption Commission, have been carrying out investigations into the alleged embezzlement or transfer of Tk 338.62 crore by Evaly.
"Evaly will remain as the largest online marketplace with Jamuna Group. We have stood by them in their difficult times, believing in Evaly's honest business intentions to take Digital Bangladesh and the country's e-commerce sector forward in a strong position," the release quoted Jamuna Group's group director Monica Islam to have said.
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Numerous studies have put emphasis on healthy eating. Unfortunately, several people seem to develop problems with body image which stop them from following a healthy eating lifestyle. Because of which they experience various kinds of eating disorders. Till today, various reports have been published on these eating disorders. This piece of news may bring relief to those suffering from some of these disorders.
Most people with bulimia and binge eating disorders are believed to be lingering for many years before they seek help. However, according to a latest research, psychological treatment may perhaps make a big difference. Also, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) seems to be the most effective talk therapy for these disorders.
People with bulimia seem to undergo cycles of disordered eating behavior in which they overeat and then purge, often by self-induced vomiting or taking laxatives. Apparently, binge eating disorder includes short period of overeating, but without purging. Researchers are noted to have linked this disorder to obesity.
Lead researcher, Phillipa Hay, M.D., chair foundation of mental health at the University of West Sydney in Australia, said that, "Cognitive behavioral therapy is really the treatment of choice. It has far and away the best evidence. It hadn't really been so definitively found in previous reviews."
It was estimated that eating disorders are most prevalent in women, with bulimia affecting nearly 1 percent of women and binge eating disorders affecting approximately 2 percent to 5 percent. It was observed that bulimia rates appear stable but binge eating disorders are increasingly becoming frequent.
During the investigation, researchers incorporated about 48 studies with approximately 3,054 participants. Additionally, they strengthened previous findings in support of cognitive behavioral therapy. The researchers found that nearly 37 percent of people absolutely stopped binge eating when they were provided CBT which focused on binging. However, approximately 3 percent seemed to have been assigned to a waiting list control group in order to quit binge eating.
It was observed that other therapies were less successful as compared to CBT. CBT was noted to have assisted 22 percent of participants attain abstinence from binging by the end of treatment. Furthermore, they discovered that one approach called interpersonal therapy appears to have achieved comparable results, but took an extensive time to carry out the results.
Cynthia Bulik, Ph.D., director of the University of North Carolina Eating Disorders Program at Chapel Hill. Bulik, who had no connection with the research, said the key findings are that "bulimia nervosa is treatable; that some treatment is better than no treatment; that CBT is associated with the best outcome for bulimia nervosa."
Supposedly, the original aim of CBT was to cure depression. A modified type of CBT in researches seems to focus particularly on binge eating disorder symptoms. However, participants also seemed to have experienced considerable improvements in mood. On the other hand, weight did not appear to have changed with treatment.
"Many people have problems with depression secondary to binge eating disorders. They often feel anxious and guilty because of their binging so if the eating disorder improves, the depression improves as well. We did look at the effects of CBT (for binge eating) on depression and it does help depression significantly just in itself," continues Hay.
Hay further elucidated that, "None of these psychotherapies really affect people's weight, which is good thing for people with bulimia who are normal weight but for those who are overweight or obese, they will need weight-loss therapies as well."
It was noted that cognitive behavioral treatment of bulimia or binge eating disorder normally involves 15 to 20 outpatient sessions with a therapist over a five-month period. CBT is known to function by helping patients change the way they think about their behavior.
Bulik further stated that, "CBT rests on the premise that unhealthy thoughts lie at both the roots of bulimia nervosa and in the maintenance of unhealthy eating behaviors. The goals of CBT are first to have the patient become his or her own detective and — via self-monitoring — start to understand their patterns of binge eating and purging and recognize and anticipate the cues (triggers) for their unhealthy behaviors."
Once these patterns and the thoughts which drive them are recognized, they could possibly be challenged and addressed. Hay gave the example of someone who, after binging, skips lunch and breakfast the next day. Allegedly, this could easily produce another binge because the craving caused by intense hunger is difficult to resist. It was observed that the therapist would assist the patient see that eating healthy meals after a binge would break the cycle, even though fasting may perhaps at first seem like a better solution.
The researchers also compared CBT completed in conjunction with a therapist to self-help with the help of books which teach its techniques and tactics. While guided CBT appears to be more effective, there was not much research on self-help. Other researches have discovered that antidepressants may be able to help in fighting bulimia and binge eating. While this research did not compare medicine to psychotherapy, Hay is of the opinion that clinicians should try CBT first because more people stick with it.
Hay claims that the approach is 'promising' and should receive further study. There seems to be more research on bulimia in contrast to binge-eating disorder. Thus for this purpose, more data could assist in clarifying the best approaches to the latter.
The research findings have been published in the latest issue of The Cochrane Library.


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Sybil Sloan, J.D.
Intensive 3-day Classroom Training
Online or telephone training cannot effectively teach you to be a Life Coach. You need hands-on training with real people to practice your new skills. We train and certify you by providing an easy and highly effective certification program that you complete in just 3 days. Accomplishing 32 hours of course related material.
Our certification course includes all the course materials you will need to begin your own practice immediately after graduation.
What could be more satisfying than learning a new career while helping others to succeed?
Why choose our Institute?
You train with certified experienced coaches who have their own practice, not like some schools who use teachers who may have great credentials but have limited real life coaching experience.
We are a LIVE class, not online or by telephone. You receive hands on experience, and practice with real people.
We teach you how to market your practice by assisting you in assembling brochures, web sites, and many other marketing materials and provide ongoing assistance after graduation.
You receive your certification immediately upon graduation, not after months of long telephone calls and additional tuition.
Life Coach Training
$100 -non refundable
We keep our class size very small, so that we can provide more one-on-one training and cover all aspects of life coaching.
You can't make money without clients, that is why marketing is so important. We concentrate not only on life coach skills and theory, but also on marketing your business. Each student writes a complete Marketing Plan while in the classroom.
We provide a complete support system after you graduate. If you have questions about handling a client, marketing or just want to call and touch base, we have three separate coaches to help - one who specializes in marketing or client issues, one specializing in editing your marketing materials, and one who is a "coaches coach" who can help if you need a coach. All available absolutely free to our graduates.


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Individuals looking to find the best franchise opportunities have a number of options to choose from. One of the options, the annual franchise ranking reports, are published on numerous websites and publications. These ranking reports include the Top 100 to Top 200 to Top 500 Franchises. The problem with relying on these rankings is they are limited. Many of them rely on the size and growth of a franchise system without analyzing important performance factors.
In order to find the best franchise opportunities, the prospective franchisee needs to rely upon a number of factors including how well a franchise performs in several categories. A recent article by franchise attorney, Jeffrey M. Goldstein on Blue Mau Mau entitled, What Does It Really Mean To Be Named A Top Franchise, looks into various franchise ranking reports where Goldstein questions their reliability and lack of detail.
If you're looking for the best franchise opportunities the majority of ranking reports won't provide the right answer. Most of these reports are based upon the size of the franchise system and growth, neglecting franchise performance indicators including franchisee turnover, litigation, Item 19 disclosure and quality of the territory. These reports are posted by franchisors on their website and become part of their franchise recruitment strategy.
When searching for the best franchise opportunities Franchise Grade can provide the important information you need. That's because you'll find grades on the important franchise performance indicators for 2,500 franchise opportunities. These performance indicators enable an individual to compare franchise opportunities and learn their strengths and weaknesses.
When beginning your search for the best franchise opportunities you'll need to have the right information. The franchise ranking reports fail to provide the important information needed to make an informed decision. Using Franchise Grade to find the best franchise opportunities will provide the information you'll need to make the right choice.
Not sure how much can you afford?
Fill out our Franchise Affordability Calculator
Voyage Franchising
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This post is also available in: 繁體中文 (Chinese (Traditional)) 简体中文 (Chinese (Simplified))
Driving Excellence – Set Up a Private Transportation Services Business in Hong Kong
Full speed ahead with 3E Accounting's guide on how to set up a private transportation services business in Hong Kong.
Since the 90s, public transportation has been a way of life in Hong Kong (HK). In fact, the Mass Transit Railway, or MTR, netted a profit well into the billions in 2019. Yet, despite the popularity of its public transport, private transportation is markedly on the rise. As such, a viable venture might be to set up a private transportation services business in Hong Kong.
Getting From Here to There
Hong Kong is known for many things, including having one of the most efficient public transport systems in the world. Yet, the luxury and necessity of private transportation cannot be overlooked. Statistics show that seven out of every ten cars in HK are private cars, indicating a strong demand for ownership.
Private vehicle ownership is increasing faster than HK's population. There is a proliferation especially in the New Territories and towards the Chinese border. Many locals, as well as tourists, are showing a preference for privately arranged transportation. Airport transfers, city tours, limousine services as well as corporate or chauffeured rides are some of the in-demand services.
Due to socio-economic and environmental concerns, the government of HK imposes strict rules and regulations with regards to private transportation. The first course of action is to incorporate your business. Business registration and approvals in HK are online and hassle-free to facilitate ease in getting your business up and running. You can incorporate your company with the HK company registry.
The type of companies that can be established are:
- Sole Proprietorship or Partnership
- Private Limited Company
- Public Limited Company
- Company Limited by Shares or Guarantee
- Branch or Representative Office
The most preferred business vehicle is the Private Limited Company or PLC. This type of legal structure has a separate legal entity status, offering greater protection and limited liability to shareholders. Other necessary steps include registering for taxes on the HK Inland Revenue, setting up a corporate bank account and getting business insurance.
The Trade and Industry Department in HK regulates all business licenses. Generally, most business activities in HK do not need a license to operate. However, specific industries have more stringent regulations, and this includes the transportation business. Some of the approvals include:
- A driver's license
- International Driver's Permit
- First-time registration tax, based on the size and value of the vehicle
- Registered with the Transport Department
- Third-party Insurance
- Hire Car Permit for Private or Tour Service
The HK Transport Department has an online system that facilitates checking and licensing.
Get Into Gear With the Professionals
If you're keen to set up a private transportation services business in Hong Kong, you may just need a little help. 3E Accounting is on hand to offer bespoke solutions for your every need. While you drive towards success, 3E Accounting will ensure all due processes are handled with consummate professionalism.
Contact 3E Accounting today to get the best business advice from industry professionals.


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Same-sex marriage is an ever-growing presence around the world.
Secular activists are forcing countries across the globe to legalize and even support same-sex marriage with few places resisting the tide.
Hong Kong, however, has stood firm in recent days as one of the few regions refusing to legalize same-sex marriage.
Five months after Taiwan became the first Asian country to recognize homosexual unions, homosexual couples residing in Hong Kong grew restless. It wasn't right, they argued, that the city of Hong Kong hadn't yet legalized homosexual "marriages."
The city of Hong Kong has already decriminalized homosexuality, but that wasn't enough for LGBT activists, who demanded the city change its definition of marriage to include same-sex couples.
One lesbian in Hong Kong appealed to the Court of First Instance, claiming that "the failure of the government to give her options for legally sharing her life with another woman violated her constitutional rights."
Never mind that she was already able to pursue this lifestyle legally in the city.
But LGBT activists around the world have made the same arguments over and over, so this woman's claim was nothing new.
The judge's reaction to it, however, was out of the ordinary.
Unlike many other judges, Judge Anderson Chow Ka-ming recognized that "updating" the city's definition of marriage to include homosexual unions would result in "far-reaching consequences."
Judge Ka-ming is right: the legalization of same-sex unions is only the beginning of a slippery slope. When the government supports homosexual behavior, all that can follow is more acceptance of immorality.
It was "beyond the proper scope of the functions or powers of the court, in the name of interpretation, to seek to effect a change of social policy on such a fundamental issue," said Judge Ka-ming.
He went on to say that the court was expressing "no view on the associated social, moral, and/or religious issues" in its ruling about the legality of same-sex unions.
In other words, this judge recognized that his courtroom was not the place to make decisions about an issue of such immense moral proportions.
"The court's only proper role," he added, "is to determine the application based strictly on legal considerations."
Naturally, LGBT activists are outraged, even though already-united same-sex couples are still entitled to full spousal benefits and protection from workplace discrimination. They're simply not allowed to perform their marriage ceremony in the city of Hong Kong.
According to a recent poll by the University of Hong Kong, over half the people living in Hong Kong supported the legalization of same-sex marriage. So Judge Ka-ming is standing against much of the city in his ruling, and much of the world as well.
Same-sex marriage is now recognized in Taiwan, a neighbor of Hong Kong, although other Asian countries are stronger in resisting the tide of the LGBT movement.
While individuals who identify as homosexual are protected from discrimination in most areas of Asia, most Asian countries and cities don't yet perform same-sex unions within their boundaries.
It may not take long before other nations follow Taiwan's example, however, Judge Ka-ming's ruling offers a different precedent for other Asian regions to pursue.
Judge Ka-ming's decision is a victory for marriage and family values, but it's important to take his presence on the court with a grain of salt. It's sobering to remember that the same judge has refused lawsuits from the church in Hong Kong.
The Ka-ming court operates on a strictly legal precedent without respect for religion, which is critical in some issues.
Christians in Hong Kong have begun to suspect that Judge Ka-ming's decisions could easily lead to discrimination against Christian groups in Hong Kong as well.
After all, this decision on marriage comes on the heels of governmental crackdowns on human rights throughout Hong Kong.
Democracy in the city has been on shaky ground over the last several months, with protests and arrests occurring weekly, sometimes daily.
Please pray for the political and social climate in Hong Kong: may the governing authorities have the wisdom to discern the right decisions in issues of moral importance, and may our brothers and sisters in Christ be protected in their stand for righteousness.


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Pods Equity secures 20% discount on HICAPS for shareholders.
07 June 2019
HICAPS, Australia's leading claims and payments solution, and Pods Equity are proud to partner together to provide Pods Equity members with a special offer of a 20% discount on all terminal fees, merchant services fees and debit fees.
The HICAPS terminal is an all in one solution, offering private health fund claiming, EFTPOS, Medicare Easyclaim and lodgement of WorkSafe claims.
- The HICAPS Terminal is an all in one solution, that offers the convenience of consolidated daily health fund payments and reporting on demand for all participating Health Funds.
- Pods Equity members pay no establishment or annual fees, and receive 20% off terminal fees, merchant services fees and debit fees
And much more…
Shareholders will get access to this early next week.
Best Regards,
Pods Equity Team


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KAL Zinc 50 Chelated
Product Details
Zinc provides nutritive support for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Zinc is required by over 70 enzymes as a cofactor. Also intended to provide nutritive support for normal, healthy protein synthesis, proper growth and normal taste acuity. Vegetarian.
*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Nutritional Information
Zinc , Manganese , Cellulose , Rice Bran Extract , Rice Hull Concentrate and Acacia .
Allergen Info
Free from Does Not Contain Declaration Obligatory Allergens.
Actual product packaging and materials may contain additional and/or different ingredient,
nutritional, or proper usage information than the information displayed on our website. ...
Ratings and Reviews
Harris Teeter is not responsible for the content provided in customer ratings and reviews. For more information, visit our Terms and Conditions.
Average Customer Rating5(1)5(1)4(0)3(0)2(0)1(0)


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How to Get Rid of a Recurring Pimple—for Good
Do you have a recurring pimple problem? A pesky zit that keeps turning up in the exact same place can drive you crazy. Find out exactly how to deal with it on this page…
Recurring pimples can be treated in the same way as a normal pimple… but there are a few extra steps to take in order to stop them from coming back.
This page details why a certain spot might recur on your face, and how to finally get rid of it.
Why do You Get a Pimple in the Same Place?
You may have a "stress" area – a certain area on your face where whenever your immune system is compromised from stress or illness, a pimple occurs. It may also be related to hormones.
Often women will break out in the exact same area like clockwork around the menstrual cycle.
But why the particular pore? That pore may be damaged – from picking or squeezing the past or a "natural" weakness in the pores walls. This pore is unable to keep oil and infection out as easily, and inflammation happens frequently.
A Deep, Underlying Infection?
Sometimes, a recurring pimple happens because there is inflammation still very deep within the skin.
While the surface may disappear temporarily, it is still there under the surface.
If you have a spot that occurs 2 – 3 or more times a month, see a dermatologist who can make sure it isn't a boil or deep cyst.
How To Get Rid Of A Recurring Pimple
Don't be tempted to squeeze these suckers.
While it isn't always bad to squeeze certain pimples, the persistent ones require a different approach.
Not only do you want to be rid of them, but be rid of them for good.
Basic Steps
First of all, deal with the inflammation (at the end of the day, inflammation is what acne is all about:
- Hold ice against the area for 5mins on, 5mins off at for at least 30mins. Repeat this as often as you can
- Apply a clay mask to the area – this detoxifies skin, reduces inflammation significantly, dissolves oil and unclogs pores
4 Steps to Stop a Recurring Pimple
1. As mentioned above, if you have a spot that recurs more than 2 – 3 times a month, see a dermatologist as it may be a boil or a cyst.
They can inject cortisone into the inflammation (sounds painful but it is very beneficial and will help)
2. Keep the pore clear and healthy by continuously dissolving oil and dead skin cells salicylic acid is the best way to prevent pimples and keep skin healthy
3. If it erupts around your menstrual cycle note in a journal when it begins to form, and after a couple of months you will see a pattern.
Take steps like cutting back on sugar and salt, increasing sleep and controlling stress at this time of the month.
4. Control the simple things. Keep your phone clean by wiping it frequently with antibacterial wipes, use a clean pillow case and keep your hands away from your face. These can make a surprising difference in preventing a pimple from forming
Is it a Bad One??
If you have any doubts or are just fed up with dealing with the same zit time and time again, see a dermatologist who can help you to zap it once and for all.
Don't put up with a recurring pimple, particularly if it is painful and very frequent. Your body is trying to tell you something!


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Mechanical drop sets allow you to continue a set when you've reached fatigue. Typically, this is done by adjusting the position of an exercise as you go from a harder to easier variation.
Think reverse dumbbell curl, then regular curl, then hammer curl. Drop sets like this increase time under tension, which helps build muscles and muscular endurance.
Doing dumbbell or kettlebell exercises in an alternating fashion can be another way to employ mechanical drop sets. With alternating reps, you can have your non-working arm do isometric holds in either the contracted or stretched position.
As fatigue builds up, simply switch to a variation where the pause is less challenging. And since this will challenge you with submaximal weights, it can be a joint-friendly method while still creating substantial muscular stress.
Three Types of Reps
Your set will consist of three types of reps:
- Switching arms at the top. For a dumbbell bench press, one arm would be fully extended while the other presses. Then the other arm holds at the top while the formerly extended arm lowers down and comes back up.
- Switching at the bottom. One arm would be bent at the bottom of the movement while the other arm pushes up, then they switch.
- Working both arms at the same time. Both arms go through the range of motion.
But they don't have to be in this order. You want to do the hardest hold first. The order you do them in will depend on the exercise.
When doing a dumbbell curl for example, switching arms at the top contracted position will be more challenging as you maintain tension. Therefore, you'd hold it there first. Alternating in the bottom will be easiest as the free arm gets extra rest when it's straight.
Here's a closer look at how to do this with a variety of exercises:
Alternating Dumbbell Bench Press
Do reps switching at the bottom first with the dumbbells close to your pecs. Maintain tension in this bottom position and avoid laxity in the isometric arm.
When fatigued, switch to pressing with both arms, then finish with reps switching at the top.
Alternating Dumbbell Curl
Do reps switching at the top of the curl. Progress to curling with both arms at the same time, then finish with alternate curls switching at the bottom. A little body English is okay here.
Alternating Dumbbell Shoulder Press
These are a little different since both arms in flexion overhead can be a challenge on core stability and thoracic extension. I also prefer the half-kneeling position for this reason since it'll minimize compensation through the lumbar spine.
Start pressing both weights at the same time. Move to alternate reps switching at the top. Finish with alternating at the bottom by your shoulders.
If mobility is an issue, do these while seated on a high incline bench. For shoulder health, use more of a neutral grip.
Alternating Dumbbell Row
You can do these chest-supported on an incline bench or standing. Switch arms at the top. Really focus on driving the elbows back and squeezing the lats and upper back. Then move to a two-arm row. Finish the set by alternating at the bottom.
Lying Dumbbell Triceps Extension
Do all reps with the weights in line with your forehead or higher. This will maintain tension on the triceps.
Start by alternating at the top. Move to bilateral or rolling dumbbell extensions. Finish by alternating at the bottom. Accentuate the stretch on the triceps by keeping the elbows held high with your hands close to the shoulder.
Lateral Raise
Raise one dumbbell to shoulder height and hold it. Bring the other arm up and form a T. Bring the first arm back down to the thighs. Alternate reps in this fashion. Then move to traditional lateral raises and finish the set by switching at the bottom.
- Don't go to complete failure until the last phase of the set. Always keep a rep or two in the tank before doing the subsequent drop set.
- For compound lifts like presses and rows, a good rule of thumb is to start with a weight you could do roughly 5-10 times with a rep in reserve. If you're unable get a few reps with each drop set, you started too heavy.
- For accessory moves like lateral raises and triceps extensions, begin with a higher rep range of around 6-10 with a rep in reserve.
- Use this on the last set of an exercise OR you can do this across all sets. Expect to decrease your weight with each successive set.
- Use the method for no more than two exercises in a session.
- Be creative. See where else you can apply this concept with your own exercise choices.
Benefits of Isometrics
Static training can be mentally tough when the seconds start to add up. With this alternating method, you accumulate considerable time doing static holds in various positions without really thinking about it. According to Supertraining, fluctuating rep tempo during a set could be a way to avoid stagnation for a seasoned lifter.
Since the location of the pause changes as fatigue builds, this happens naturally during the set. Pauses also engrain solid lifting technique since cheating is minimized. Lastly, isometric holds strengthen tendons and joint capsules in addition to the recruited muscles.
This simple technique doesn't require much resistance, but it's not easy. Add it to your training toolbox.
- Verkoshansky, Y., & Siff, M. (2009). Supertraining: expanded version (6th ed.) Rome: Ultimate Athlete Concepts.


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The Apollo Documents the Making (and Breaking) of Many an Entertainer
Harlem's famous incubator of black performers gets a closer look on HBO.
The Apollo. HBO. Wednesday, November 6, 9 p.m.
Stand-up comedian Moms Mabley has just come on stage, meandering through the setup to an innocuous joke, when a film clip suddenly flashes behind her: a bedraggled black man racing just ahead of three billyclub-swinging white cops. The crowd roars with laughter as Mabley helplessly throws up her hands and innocently asks: "Did I say something funny?"
So it went at Harlem's Apollo Theater, for four decades the 20th century's greatest showplace for and birthing ground of black entertainment.
From its birth in the mid-1930s to its abrupt decline in 1970s in the face of Harlem's drug-crime problems and the changing economic model of the entertainment business, the Apollo was king.
From Lena Horn to Lauryn Hill, from Bojangles Robinson to Jimi Hendrix, everybody who was anybody in black show business played the Apollo. And now Oscar-winning filmmaker Roger Ross Williams (Music by Prudence) has captured the excitement in an HBO documentary, The Apollo.
Actually, the Apollo has a storied past in white entertainment, too, hosting everybody from Buddy Holly to Guns N' Roses. (Even Bernie Sanders got into the act a couple of years ago.) And there was always a substantial number of white faces out in the audience as well.
But in a world where black entertainers were mostly restricted to the rough-and-tumble little venues of the so-called Chitlin' Circuit (booked mainly by TOBA, the Theater Owners Booking Associations, a.k.a. "Tough On Black Actors") and black audiences were largely excluded from even Harlem venues like the Cotton Club, it was the African-American side of the Apollo that was a cultural landmark.
James Brown's 1962 album Live at the Apollo got hardly a minute of white radio airplay but spent 66 weeks on the Billboard charts and turned him into a national sensation. (Later Brown would introduce his anthemic "Say It Loud, I'm Black And I'm Proud" on the Apollo stage. ) Ella Fitzgerald gave her first performance there, Michael Jackson his last. When black audiences turned against Earth Kitt after her marriage to a white real-estate developer, she won them back with a smokingly sensuous dance routine at the Apollo.
Filmmaker Williams had access to a wide variety of Apollo film archives, and used it well in making his documentary, weaving seemingly disconnected incidents into narrative chapters.
One of the most interesting stems from the Apollo's willingness to book small-time and unpolished acts into a top venue. (The Apollo even had a weekly amateur night where infamously brutal audiences would vote with catcalls, jeers and, occasionally, applause about whether performers would get a regular spot.) Many Apollo first-timers were getting a harsh introduction to show business.
Smoky Robinson recalls the furious reaction of the Apollo house band when he showed up without written arrangements of his songs that regular Motown musicians played from memory. Another artist on the bill that night, Ray Charles, had to create arrangements on the spot while listening to Robinson play his tunes on the piano.
And Gladys Knight and the Pips recount an even ruder introduction. They arrived for their appearance, did a few songs, and then headed to the dressing room to pack their bags. "Where are you going?" asked an Apollo stagehand. "You've got three more shows to do."
Yet many a harsh first night blossomed into a glorious career. Ella Fitzgerald walked into one of the first Apollo amateur nights in 1934 thinking she was a pretty fair dancer. But the act before hers was a sizzling pair of tap-dancers, the Edwards Sisters, or as Fitzgerald called them, "the gassingest dancers in the world … No way I'm going out there to try to dance."
Instead, she tried singing a song from an old Connee Boswell record of her mother's called "Judy." The audience, tentatively, clapped, and Fitzgerald's dancing career was over. Forty million records later, it seems the Apollo audience got it right.


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Lynchburg should once again be home to a downtown grocery store by next summer. Grassroots Local Market says it now has the funding needed to proceed with long-planned construction of a downtown co-op grocery at 1300 Main Street. The funding comes primarily through a $200,000 loan through the Lynchburg Economic Development Authority along with co-op membership sales.(Continue reading for the Grassroots Local Market news release.)
Lynchburg, VA: Grassroots Local Market has received the funding needed to move forward with construction. With the approval of a $200,000 loan through the Lynchburg Economic Development Authority's Revolving Loan Fund, Grassroots has secured the funding necessary to build their cooperatively owned grocery store. The Grassroots board will now begin the process of building out the store, purchasing equipment, and hiring a general manager.


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Camp Runamok
This past week from September 10th through September 15th I had the honor to attend the First Ever Camp Runamok.
What is Camp Runamok you ask? Well here it is in their words:
Bartender Summer Camp in the heart of Kentucky. September 10-15, 2012
Bardstown, Kentucky
That's right .. Yours truly went to Bourbon Camp! A week in Kentucky hanging out with bartenders and bourbon enthusiasts, listening to a speaker, going on distillery tours and tons of liquor sponsored events and fun around the camp.
Big thanks go out to:
Lindsey, Maureen and Lush Life Productions
For Making Camp Runamok happen!
Next set of thanks goes out to our sponsors.
(I hope to mention them all – if I miss any please let me know)
Heaven Hill
Bulleit Bourbon
Four Roses Bourbon
Wild Turkey
Don Q Rum
Société Perrier US
Over the next couple nights I will have some posts coming about all the fun, tours, events and craziness that was Camp Runamok 2012.
Stay tuned


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Well, folks, it's already almost February. As much as we all feel as though we just made our New Year's resolutions like, yesterday, we've already lost an entire month of 2018. Before you know it, summer will be here–then gone–and Christmas will be upon us. As every month brings a new holiday upon us, February is always about Valentine's Day (cue the gags). While we're all in the "zone of love" and thinking about how much we love our partner, or how single we are, there are movies and shows coming to Netflix for literally everyone. If you want a bit of humor, all your favorite American Pie cast members are coming to your streaming device. Plus, Meet the Parents and Meet the Fockers (both, excellent). For all my ladies who need some empowerment, Kill Bill and Lara Croft: Thomb Raider are both on their way. Plus, the classic Goodfellas–amazing. In terms of leaving–nothing is really going anywhere that you will miss, except for Family Guy seasons 1-8–sorry!
Feb. 1:
3000 Miles to Graceland
42 Grams
Aeon Flux
American Pie
American Pie 2
American Pie Presents: Band Camp
American Pie Presents: The Book of Love
American Pie Presents: The Naked Mile
Ella Enchanted
How the Beatles Changed the World
John Mellencamp: Plain Spoken
Kill Bill: Vol. 1
Kill Bill: Vol. 2
Lara Croft: Tomb Raider
Liberated: The New Sexual Revolution
Meet the Fockers
Meet the Parents
Men in Black
National Parks Adventure
Ocean's Eleven
Ocean's Thirteen
Ocean's Twelve
Paint It Black
Scream 3
The Hurt Locker
Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story
Z Nation: Season 4


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Investigators call for modifications after aircraft crashed into sea when engines failed
Investigators are recommending modifications to ATR fuel-quantity indicators after discovering that the Tuninter ATR 72 lost in a fatal accident off Sicily in August was fitted with an indicator intended for ATR 42s.
Wreckage from the aircraft, which ditched off Palermo on 6 August after a dual engine failure, reveals that an incorrect fuel gauge was installed. The gauge could have erroneously shown that the ATR 72 was carrying at least 1,800kg (4,000lb) more fuel than it actually had.
Investigation body Agenzia Nazionale per la Sicurezza del Volo (ANSV) has issued two emergency recommendations to the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). One urges operators to carry out checks to ensure their ATRs have the correct fuel gauges.
The second suggests that the gauges should be modified to make it impossible to fit the wrong one to either aircraft type.
At present, says the ANSV, "the only visible difference between the two fuel quantity indicators [FQI] is in a small notice in white script indicating the maximum quantity of fuel per wing tank, situated on the face of the instrument".
Mounted on the captain's side of the instrument panel, the gauge displays the fuel quantity in the ATR's two wing tanks. The ANSV says the ATR 42 gauge, if fitted to an ATR 72, would incorrectly show a fuel level "greater than that actually present", with the error "not less than 900kg per fuel tank".
A fuel load of just 600kg on an ATR 72 would have registered on the ATR 42 display as 2,750kg. If the ATR 72's tanks were empty, a wrongly-fitted fuel gauge would indicate that the aircraft was still carrying 1,800kg.
In an all-operators bulletin, ATR says the evidence points to "inappropriate" fuel gauge installation. It says the manner in which the central fuselage and wings floated after the crash, plus the lack of fuel traces, support a fuel-exhaustion scenario. The ANSV made a similar observation to explain the priorities in the early part of its investigation, which it says is still continuing "with the aim of verifying all the factors which contributed in various ways" to the accident cause.
Tuninter flight 1153 had been 45min into a Bari-Djerba crossing, cruising at 23,000ft (7,000m) with 39 people on board, when the aircraft's right-hand engine failed. The crew opted to divert to Palermo but "3-4min later, as the aircraft was descending through about 7,000ft, the left-hand engine also failed", says the ANSV.
The aircraft glided for about 16min before crashing 23nm (43km) north-east of Palermo airport. "On impact with the surface of the sea, the aircraft broke into three sections," says the ANSV. Fifteen passengers and one of the cabin crew were killed.
Source: Flight International


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Clyde Common, the beloved and lauded gastropub serving downtown Portland since 2007, reopened in July with street and sidewalk dining. With the reopening came the return of Chis DiMinno as executive chef, making it the first time that he and star bartender Jeffery Morgenthaler have teamed up at Clyde Common since DiMinno left the position in 2014.
The duo had propelled the gastropub to its role as a Portland institution when they joined the team in 2009. Morgenthaler quickly gained national attention for his cocktail program which included barrel-aged drinking, attracting James Beard nominations for Outstanding Bar Programs consistently from 2012 to 2018. DiMinno, who later went on to run the kitchen at the now-closed Trifecta Tavern, earned praise at Clyde Common for his upscale American tavern cooking, including a famed happy hour burger.
Back in early May of this year, there was some momentary confusion about whether or not Clyde Common would be permanently closing — the Willamette Week initially reported that the restaurant would shutting down for good, before clarifying that it would only be doing so for its current, 100-seat form. Instead, it would reopen as a more casual tavern and as a market. While the market aspect isn't open yet, owner Nate Tilden plans on a late September opening; for now, Tilden has been able to hire back five bartenders — including Morgenthaler — DiMinno, and a cook.
With DiMinno's return also comes a refocus on more casual cuisine, rather than some of the more formal dining that Clyde Common had transitioned to over the years. The current menu includes some bar snacks; entrees like crab spaghettini, crispy hot chicken with creamy kale, and a burger; and chocolate chip cookies made with Morgenthaler's home recipe. "I brought Chris back when this whole [pandemic] thing went down because I thought his food was the best representation of comforting, tavern food," owner Tilden says. "Handmade pasta, I think the most amazing burger in town... it fills the soul."
That tavern cuisine and cocktail program lends itself to the restaurant's new model as a more straightforward bar — at the moment the seating is available only outside, with a plexiglass window at the door for orders and options for online ordering via phone, and masked bartenders bringing drinks and food to picnic tables and upright, empty whiskey barrels. Eventually, the indoors will be reopened with the bar side sectioned off with the banquette seating from the dining room having been moved to the new bar section. Tilden describes it as having much of a cozy, wooden, tavern feel. While these two spots will be known as Common Market and Clyde Tavern, Tilden isn't ready to get rid of the name Clyde Common yet.
- Clyde Common [Official]
- Ken Forkish's Iconic Restaurant Trifecta Tavern Will Close December 31 [EPDX]
- Downtown Dining Staple Clyde Common Has Informed Staff It Will Not Reopen [Willamette Week]
- Clyde Common Will Transform, Turning Half of Its Dining Room Into a Casual Market [EPDX]
- All Previous Clyde Common Coverage [EPDX]


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Pennsylvania teachers' pension fund is still paying the Chicago consultant investigated by SEC
The Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System had delayed the appointment of the consultant after reports that the firm is being investigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Pennsylvania Public School Employees' Retirement System (PSERS) has scrapped an initial contract to renew an investment consultant's appointment after reports that the Chicago firm is being investigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
However, Aon Hewitt — which got paid about $700,000 last year to help the retirement system pick from among the hundreds of funds that compete to manage billions in public investments — is still getting paid on a temporary basis.
In a closed-door executive session of the retirement system's board, earlier this month, an Aon Hewitt representative apologized and acknowledged that the firm, which signed a preliminary consulting agreement in August, knew about the SEC investigation but failed to inform officials as required, a person present at the meeting said.
"Like all registered investment advisers, Aon is subject to regulatory oversight by the SEC, and we're committed to continuing to cooperate with the SEC's inquiry," the company said in an emailed statement Wednesday about the investigation that started in 2017.
Aon is one of four similar investment consulting firms that PSERS works with. In all, the system paid out $3.6 million in 2017 to these consultants to help pick outside fund managers who collected more than $450 million from PSERS in fees and retained profits.
The retirement system that serves nearly 600,000 current and former public school employees has nearly $57 billion worth of assets under management. It has an unfunded liability — money needed to pay if all eligible employees choose to retire — of more than $44 billion.
After scrapping the initial agreement with Aon Hewitt, the retirement system plans to put the consulting contract up for rebid. Aon said it plans to submit a bid once the new request for proposal is out.
Although consulting fees are not nearly as high as the profit-sharing and direct fees collected by private-equity, real estate and other "alternative" investment managers, consulting profit margins can be large: Hamilton Lane, a publicly traded Bala Cynwyd-based investment adviser with many institutional clients, has told investors its fees are as much as double its expenses.
The three other consultants PSERS hired last year are specialists for different classes of private investments; Aon is the only firm with similar responsibilities for investments in general. Such firms can function as gatekeepers, whose observations can have the effect of steering big clients toward or away from private money managers based on their analysis of how well they fit their clients' needs.
"Aon was selected for contract negotiations through a [request for proposal] at the August board meeting," confirmed PSERS spokeswoman Evelyn Williams. But, she added, "before a contract with Aon was executed, Aon notified PSERS that Aon is subject to an SEC inquiry."
She said it was "unclear" whether an earlier disclosure would have affected the candidate scoring system used to choose between competing applicants. But once they knew the SEC was investigating Aon Hewitt's approach, the retirement system's trustees decided that "it is in the best interests of the commonwealth to cancel all bids and re-issue the RFP in order to protect the integrity of the process," Williams added.
The SEC had not told PSERS of its probe. Though PSERS and other investors learned of it earlier, it became public knowledge on Dec. 10, when Pensions & Investments magazine wrote that the agency had escalated a routine review into "an enforcement investigation focused on its marketing materials and the custodial fees charged to several clients," the magazine said, noting that Aon had confirmed the probe.
The investigation is "focused on the calculation of a single metric," or measurement claim, that Aon Hewitt has used in its marketing, Aon confirmed, according to Pensions & Investments. The company wouldn't say which metric was under review.
The SEC enforces the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, which includes a strict prohibition of "untrue" or "false or misleading" statements, the SEC reminded firms in a September 2017 risk alert, which also pointed to "advisers' use of accolades" praising firms' records, in their promotional materials. Violations have in the past resulted in million-dollar fines.
The magazine also reported that county investment funds in California and Virginia have reported Aon Hewitt had told them it was under investigation.


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Last Updated on 10:06 PM by Nikos Nakos
Almost two years have passed since Possession's '1585-1646'. The belgian black/death group revealed two new songs and the cover artwork of their upcoming debut album, entitled 'Exorkizein'. The album is going to be out on April 7 via Invictus Productions and Iron Bonehead Productions.
You can check below the tracklist and the cover artwork
1. Intro
2. Sacerdotium
3. Infestation – Manifestation
4. Beast of Prey
5. In Vain
6. Take the Oath
7. Preacher's Death
Listen below, through Invictus Productions' bandcamp page, two new songs:


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Bull whip
The most important and most decorated work equipment of the shepherds was their bull whip. It can be originated before the times of the Hungarian conquest from the east. These whips are handcrafted and used to this day by horsemen and cowboys.They masterfully used them even against wild animals and bandits. The shepherds' of Hortobagy handcrafted whips are decorated with marquetry – like inlay, these motifes are usually grey cattle, racka sheep, a draw well, the puli dog or the Nine-hole bridge. We are very pleased that this hortobagyian style bull whip now is part of the Hungarian Depository since 2015 as a prominent value of the hungarian shepherds culture.


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Partner Registration
Luxe Derma Partners Inc. is a wholesale distributor for the professional aesthetics and beauty industry. You are required to have industry certification to become a partner. Please fill out the below partnership application form. We will review your application and get back to you within one business day. We look forward to partnering with you!


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Over 92% of parents surveyed by Parent Leaders for Accelerated Curriculum and Education (PLACE NYC) are "Extremely or Very Concerned" about possible changes to school admissions in the wake of the newly announced DOE grading policy which reduces all final End of Year grades to "meets standards" or "needs improvement".
Chancellor Carranza told school leaders in April that one should "never waste a good crisis" when discussing policy for promotion and graduation. Many parents fear that means the Chancellor will use the pandemic as cover to remove highly coveted screened schools and programs. Nine in ten parents surveyed believe next year's admission process will be "less fair" according to a survey.
Parents unhappy with the grading policy and resulting impact on admissions tried to attend a virtual PEP (Panel for Educational Policy) meeting on April 29 to address the Chancellor directly but the platform crashed due to the high volume. "I have no faith in the DOE making fair admission policy for this coming up high school admission for all the students! I am extremely concerned." said a parent.
NYC middle and high school admissions normally use three factors for screened academic programs—final grades, state tests, and attendance. Some schools also administer their own school-specific assessments. Last week's decision to use a binary non-number final grade (Meets Standards/Needs Improvement) for students in K through 8th grade, coupled with the cancellation of State Tests and the previous decision to not use attendance data, means that schools currently have 0 of 3 of the most common metrics used for admissions.
A clear majority of parents surveyed want schools to continue using the three most common metrics in some way. Ninety-eight percent (98%) of parents would like report card grades to be used. Sixty-eight percent (68%) of parents surveyed want state test scores to be included in admissions decisions. Sixty percent (60%) of parents surveyed felt attendance prior to school closure should remain a factor. Furthermore, parents want screened schools in NYC to continue the way they are: the majority (56%) of parents wants admissions criteria to be decided by each school; followed by the district (26%). One in six (17%) surveyed said admission criteria should be decided by the DOE citywide.
The uncertainty of the upcoming middle and high school admissions has added to the already stressed lives of families dealing with their children's remote learning and personal hardships. For the following academic school year, NYC parents clearly want the DOE to obtain parent input on admission policy using—online surveys (40%); public forums (31%), and working with parent advocacy groups (29%), although one parent noted "the DOE is too influenced by certain advocacy groups more than others."
The DOE has many options to approximate the normal 3-metric admissions rubric and offer families the stability of processes that parents are familiar with during these stressful uncertain times. PLACE NYC recommends the DOE take the following course of action for the 2020 middle and high school application process:
- Seek parent input to shape admissions policy
- Preserve school and district independence on admissions criteria
- Use prior year's state test scores (2019) or encourage the state to administer state tests (2020) when schools reopen
- Use the marking period grades earned before remote learning
- Use attendance prior to school closure
- Provide a clear notice of fall 2020 screened admissions to parents no later than the end of May
PLACE NYC compiled these findings from over 1,000 survey responses. Respondents were public school families throughout the five boroughs and 23 school districts, of which nearly 70% have a child applying to middle or high school in the fall.


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Lemon Peel
2 Oz.
Like other citrus fruits, lemon peels contain vitamin C, which can help keep your immune system strong. Adding lemon peel to your tea can give your body the extra boost it needs to power through.
Lemon peels also have a small amount of potassium, which like calcium, is needed for cells in the body to communicate properly.
FYI: Please consult your healthcare provider prior to use if you are pregnant or nursing, taking any medication, or have a medical condition.
This information in our Herbal Reference Guide is intended only as a general reference for further exploration, and is not a replacement for professional health advice.


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If you can envision selling your house within the next few years, then it is time to start considering the renovations that could boost its value. While this requires an expense of time and money in the short term, you could end up grateful for your renovations when it eventually comes to putting your property on the market.
Here are three examples that could potentially increase the value of your home. Of course, there are no guarantees in this process, as the property market is prone to fluctuations. However, undergoing these renovations will improve the chances of boosting your selling price, as long as the work fits with the overall style of the property and is completed to a good standard.
Convert Your Garage
If your neighbourhood typically attracts homeowners without a vehicle, or who own just one vehicle which can be parked on a driveway, then it might be that your existing garage has little appeal to potential buyers. When the property was first built, there was clearly a purpose for the garage. However, that purpose probably wasn't to store old boxes or general clutter.
If the garage is now obsolete as a home for a car, convert it into something that your house previously had no space for. That could be an office or a games room, while Real Homes have a detailed guide on creating a home gym. That type of conversion will not be for everyone, so consider the people that might be moving into your area. That will help you to determine the most profitable transformation for your garage.
Build A Conservatory
The addition of a conservatory is a real statement of a renovation, so the financial outlay will inevitably be significant. You may be able to offset the initial costs by remortgaging for your home improvement, although your monthly mortgage payments will rise in the long term. However, a mortgage advice service like Trussle can help you identify the best remortgage deals, so that your borrowing costs are as minimal as possible. The more money you save on remortgaging, the more profit you can potentially make from your conservatory when you choose to sell your property.
Conservatories can add around 10% to your house's value, given that they provide an all-important quality: more living space. Consider what design fits naturally with your house, as you want the conservatory to feel like an integral part of the property rather than an add-on. You may also want to tile the roof to make the conservatory suitable for use all year, not just in the warmer months. Looking for a conservatory specialist, look no more, https://www.projects4roofing.co.uk/ is exactly what you need!
Get A New Roof Fitted
Your roof is designed to stand up to the elements for a prolonged period of time, but it will not last forever. Every few decades you will need to have your roof replacing. If you have a new roof fitted to your house it will not only add value to your home, but it will also prevent leaks.
Hire an experienced roofing installation company to carry out the work for you. Getting a new roof fitted can provide upto a 63% return on your investment.
Transform The Garden Area
If it makes no sense to encroach into your garden space with a conservatory, then think about how you can optimise your outdoor area instead. While some prospective house buyers look at a messy garden as a project, others may be deterred by the challenge of making the space usable. By undergoing garden renovations before you start the selling process, you could command a higher starting price.
House Beautiful have gone as far as suggesting that a landscaped garden could increase property value by 77%, citing research undertaken by Post Office Money. Their figures suggest landscaping could cost the homeowner just shy of £3,000 — much less than an extension or a loft conversion. If landscaping isn't viable, the addition of decking or a patio may make the garden area feel more ripe for entertaining. This could be pivotal in tempting prospective buyers to up their offer.
Make sure your renovations appeal to you, as well as to those in the buying market. After all, if you end up deciding to stay in your home, then you will get to enjoy the benefits of your renovation too.


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Version 1.0, September 2019
Download the print version [106.7KB]
Key points
- Provided certain conditions are met, you can use or disclose a patient's genetic information without consent where you reasonably believe the use or disclosure is necessary to lessen or prevent a serious threat to the life health or safety of a genetic relative of the patient.
- The use or disclosure must be in accordance with the s 95AA guidelines of the Privacy Act 1988.
Use or disclosure to lessen or prevent a serious threat
A patient's genetic information can reveal information about inheritable diseases that may seriously threaten not just the patient's own health, but also the health of genetic relatives. With knowledge of their risk of a genetic condition, relatives may be able to take preventative or mitigating action.
In many cases, a patient who becomes aware of the risk of a genetic condition may choose to advise relatives personally, or may consent to you informing relatives.
While you normally need a patient's consent to use or disclose genetic information, you can use or disclose it without consent if you meet the following conditions:
- you collected the genetic information in the course of providing a health service to the patient
- you reasonably believe the use or disclosure is necessary to lessen or prevent a serious threat to the life, health or safety of a genetic relative of the patient
- you use or disclose the information in accordance with guidelines issued by the National Health and Medical Research Council and approved by the Information Commissioner under s 95AA of the Privacy Act (s 95AA guidelines)
- where you are disclosing the information, you disclose it to a genetic relative of the patient.
A genetic relative is an individual who is related to the patient by blood, such as a patient's sibling, parent or descendant.
Lessening or preventing a serious threat
You can only use or disclose a patient's genetic information without consent if you reasonably believe that the use or disclosure is necessary to lessen or prevent a serious threat to the life, health or safety of a genetic relative of the patient.
You must have a reasonable basis for your belief, and you must be able to justify it. The test is what a reasonable person, who is properly informed, would believe in the circumstances.
When deciding whether a threat is serious, you should consider both the likelihood of it occurring and the severity of the resulting harm if it materialises. A threat that may have dire consequences but is highly unlikely to occur would not normally be a serious threat. However, a potentially harmful threat that is likely to occur but at an uncertain time (such as a genetic mutation that increases the risk of developing a certain cancer), may be a serious threat that can be lessened or prevented by disclosing the threat to the relative.
Section 95AA guidelines
If you are considering using or disclosing genetic information without consent, you must do so in accordance with the s 95AA guidelines. These legally binding guidelines are issued by the National Health and Medical Research Council and approved by the Australian Information Commissioner.
The guidelines require you to take reasonable steps to obtain the patient's consent for the use or disclosure of genetic information before you proceed to use or disclose it without consent (see Guideline 3.2.3).
In addition, the guidelines outline the factors you should consider when determining if a use or disclosure of genetic information is necessary to lessen or prevent a serious threat to the life, health or safety of a patient's genetic relatives. They also provide guidance on matters such as good ethical practice, what to do when the patient or genetic relative is a child, contacting relatives, and the scope of information that is provided to relatives.
Ensuring the accuracy of the genetic information
Before using or disclosing genetic information, you should take reasonable steps to ensure that the genetic information is accurate, up-to-date, complete and relevant, having regard to the purpose of the use or disclosure. In some circumstances, it might be reasonable to take no steps, for example, where you have good reason to believe that the source of the information is reliable.
Example: Genetic testing
A patient orders a 'direct-to-consumer' genetic test and brings the test results to you during a consultation. The report indicates that the patient may have haemochromatosis, a potentially serious heritable health condition. Relatives should be tested for the condition so that preventative measures can be taken. While the patient will inform his children, he does not consent to you disclosing this information to his siblings.
You are considering disclosing the information to the siblings, but you are concerned about the quality of the test. Referring the patient to a clinical genetics service for retesting in a laboratory with appropriate expertise might be a reasonable step to take to ensure the accuracy of the information before disclosing it.
Collecting and using the contact details of a patient's genetic relatives
If you are disclosing a patient's genetic information to genetic relatives with or without the patient's consent, you will need to get the relatives' contact details from the patient, your own records, or from publicly available records.
The contact details of a genetic relative are 'health information' in these circumstances. While you would usually need the relative's consent to collect health information, you could collect the contact details without consent on the basis that it is unreasonable or impracticable to obtain consent and you reasonably believe the collection is necessary to lessen or prevent a serious threat to the life, health or safety of that relative. Once you have collected the contact details, you can use them to contact the relative as this is the primary purpose for which you collected the information.
Alternatively, you may already hold a genetic relative's contact details in your records (for example, if that individual is your patient's 'next of kin' contact). You can use the genetic relative's contact details for the secondary purpose of informing that person of the potential risk of inheriting a genetic condition where you are satisfied that it is unreasonable or impracticable to obtain consent, and you reasonably believe the use is necessary to lessen or prevent a serious threat to the genetic relative's life or health.
Ensuring the accuracy of the contact details
Before collecting and using a relative's contact details, you should take reasonable steps to ensure that the contact details are accurate, up-to-date, complete and relevant.
Using contact details that are inaccurate, incomplete or out-of-date could have serious consequences for individuals. For example, the patient's genetic relative may remain unaware of the risk from an inheritable condition or, if you send the information to the wrong person, that person may be unnecessarily distressed.