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Preference Index of the Acoustic Quality Assessment of Sacral Sound Field
Chiung Yao Chen1* and Fa Xin Ma2
1 Department of Architecture, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan
2Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Submission: February 04, 2019; Published: February 12, 2019
*Corresponding Author:Chiung Yao Chen, Department of Architecture, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan
How to cite this article:Chiung Y C, Fa Xin Ma. Preference Index of the Acoustic Quality Assessment of Sacral Sound Field. Civil Eng Res J. 2019; 7(2): 555710. DOI: 10.19080/CERJ.2019.07.555710
The characteristics of sacral sound perception were surveyed by using two different measurements in four churches of the central Taiwan. Ando [1] suggested that sound quality has four decisive parameters:
A. The time gap between direct and initial sound,
B. Reverberation time,
C. Listening levels and
D. The magnitude of inter-aural cross correlation function.
The classical music Motif A, B and a chorus of poem were employed to evaluate the sound perception in the liturgy hall of churches by using Ando's model. Furthermore, the questionnaire was implemented by using a five-point Likert scale of a thirteen audible perception dialogue. The results of the global index of these two measures are quite agreement. But the variation occurred at high reverberation of the lower frequency band with respective to the sense of hearing in such band which is a crucial element in sacral sound perception.
Review and Introduction
Modern religions are practiced in places that focus on language, music, tales of affection, and worship. Music can convey the concepts and values of the religion and encompass the emotions of the followers. Therefore, the acoustics of the worship must also convey these functions. In this study, the theory of subjective preference for concert hall established by Ando [1] was used to investigate four physical factors in churches. Since church are always thought which is reverberant and a fitting space for music. The factors proposed by Ando [1] are
a. The time gap between direct and initial sound (Δt1, ITDG, full band),
b. Reverberation time (T30, 500Hz),
c. Listening levels (LL, full band) and
d. The magnitude of inter-aural cross correlation function (IACC, full band).
The linear summation of equal weighting for subjective responses to these four factors is a gauge of planning sound field. The global index of subjective preference scale S could be expressed as below:
The above evaluation applying Ando's theory [1] for concert hall design based on physical parameters, for churches, lacked a questionnaire investigation of a specific sample and data. Engel & Kosala [2] or Umberto [3] suggested a new index method of assessing acoustic properties of sacral buildings by means of a single number – the global index of an acoustic quality. Their investigations were based on the same conception of a global index for assessing the whole acoustic environment in the churches but lacked for comparison with other physical parameters. Therefore, this study will corporate subjective acoustic factors by conducting statistical factor analysis and onsite measurements to establish an objective acoustic analytical model to compare with Ando's model. Theoretical calculations were made for a slow mantra (Motif A, τemin =108.8ms), a fast hymn (Motif B, τemin=35.2ms) and a chorus of poem (τemin=23.1ms), the minimum effective duration of the autocorrelation (τemin) of 20 s starting from beginning were calculated to give [Δt1]p and [Tsub]p in Equation (2) as below:
In the subjective questionnaire, the initial factors to be assessed are reverberation time, acoustic clarity, noise interference, loudness, and sound quality. The index model of the measurements shows each variable has possession of different weighting of subjective evaluation as below:
Where Wr denotes reverberation, Wis denotes sound clarity, Wn denotes background noisiness, Wui denotes loudness or gain, and Wsq denotes the sound qualities (diffuseness, brightness. and so on). η1~η5 denotes the weighting of each variable analyzed by statistical factor analysis proposed by Engel & Kosala [2]. Where the index of background noisiness was complicated with the sound clarity when they were discussed simultaneously. And the index of reverberation and IACC were considered as the same content in questionnaire as the item of the sound quality. Consequently, the questionnaires investigation was executed in the term of the thirteen audible perception listed in Table 1.
Methodology and Results
The Catholic churches design in Taiwan followed Romanesque and Gothic styles, but they were built employing reinforced concrete construction. The interior decoration has not been improved the absorptive materials in our investigations (Churches A~D) except A, which was built in 2017 and enforced absorption by wood material. The reverberation time (T30) are averaged 1.48s, 1.74s, 2.36s, 2.14s, and the STI values are 0.60, 0.55, 0.55 and 0.54 in the liturgy hall measured by using an omni-source located at the center of the stages by unoccupied. The results of global index of four churches using Equation 1 are S=-0.94, -1.34, -1.11 and -1.44. Then the order of preference conducted by systematically evaluation proposed by Ando [1] is A, C, B and D.
To clarify the relationship between the Ando's model [1] and the subjective responses to the sound demand in churches, the questionnaires were conducted in the liturgy halls of four urban churches of the central Taiwan. To measure the level of satisfy on acoustics, followers in the church were asked to fill out questionnaires, since it would be difficult to evaluate such level via the professional roles of the individuals working in churches. Such as clergyman or priest are always bigoted in their opinions by selfishness [4]. The responses were collected from followers and their companions (i.e., any above 13 years of age) who were willing to participate in the survey. The subjects were asked to evaluate thirteen audible perception (Table 1) inside the churches. The questions were posed in the form of "Do you agree that [each sound event] in this church is preferred?" Responses were made according to a five-point Likert scale [5], with the specific response options being:
A. "Disagree strongly",
B. "Disagree somewhat",
C. "Neutral",
D. "Agree somewhat", and
E. "Agree strongly". The total number of subjects was 120.
The total number of subjects was 120. For each church, at least 25 people participated in the survey. In the subjective measurements of the questionnaires, it was found that spaces for religious worship are designed for acoustic performances and acoustic clarity is of the utmost importance. The design of spaces for religious worship in Taiwan tends to favor music performances, relying on the public address system for sound clarity. Finally, the global index of the four churches were obtained by the subjective survey using the weighting factors of each item (Table 1) conducted by a five-point Likert scale were calculated. As listed in Table 2, the order of the subjective scales is A, D, C and B.
Discussion and Conclusion
The global index with factor loadings in the factor analysis results of the thirteen audible perception (Table 1) is in accordance with the Ando's model on Church A, B, C except D in Figure 1. These results indicate that the subjective scales used in this study between four churches was statistically reliable in expressing the experienced sound preferred rating. To compare these two models, a comparative scale values, the values of Sn were added 3 to the scale origin of psychological coordinates in Figure 1 [6]. It shows that two surveys have similar tendency from church A to C in some degree but not D. The reason of variation between these two models are probably found by the high reverberation time in lower frequency in Church D. In Figure 2, the reverberation time (T30) at Church. D are obviously higher in the low frequency band (125Hz~250 Hz) than others, especially, the T30=2.61 s at 125Hz. Obviously, in the evaluation of Ando's model, the reverberation was only considered at the frequency 500Hz, but not 125Hz which occurred error prediction in the model of sacral sound field evaluation.
I am indebted to the Ministry of Science and Technology Taiwan, for their one year's period of financial support to complete this research. Special thanks are due to my many colleagues for their participation in the experiments involving the subjective judgments and the onsite measurements.
- Ando Y (1985) Concert Hall Acoustics. Berlin Heidelberg, New York, USA.
- Engel Z, Kosala K (2007) Index method of acoustic quality assessment of sacral buildings. Archives of Acoustics 32(3): 455-474.
- Umberto B (2012) A double synthetic index to evaluate the acoustics of churches. Archives of acoustics 37(4): 521-528.
- Ryherd EE, Waye KP, Ljungkvist L (2008) Characterizing noise and perceived work environment in a neurological intensive care unit. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123(2): 747-756.
- Parasuraman AA, Zethaml VA, Berry LL (1991) Refinement and reassessment of the SERVQUAL Scale. Journal of Retailing, 67: 420-405.
- Thurstone LL (1927) A law of comparative judgment. Psychol Rev 34: 273-289.


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Worst Topples First: Arizona Diamondbacks Leave Milwaukee With Win
By Jesse Borek
Mandatory Credit: Jeff Hanisch-USA TODAY Sports
For the second day in a row, the Arizona Diamondbacks held off the Milwaukee Brewers to pick up a victory.
Squeaking out a 3-2 win on Wednesday afternoon, the Diamondbacks can now enjoy their plane ride to Chicago having escaped Milwaukee with a series win over the team with the best record in baseball.
Despite going 1-for-8 with runners in scoring position and leaving 13 men on base, the D-backs did just enough to pick up the win.
Bronson Arroyo, seemingly fully healthy once again, tossed yet another masterful gem, going 7.1 of zero earned runs, with the only run coming in the first off a booted ball. Mixing up between slow and slower, Arroyo kept the uber-aggressive Brewers hitters off balance with his array of breaking stuff.
All the offensive thunder they would need came off the bat of Paul Goldschmidt. Clubbing his seventh home run of the season, Goldschmidt raised his average to .344 after a 2-for-5 afternoon. Not a whole lot has gone right in the first month and a half for Arizona, but at least there will always be Paul Goldschmidt.
Insurance runs are vital for any Major League club about to enter their bullpen, just in case. For the Diamondbacks, they become mandatory. On Wednesday, they came in the oddest of fashions.
Arroyo is no slouch at the plate. Having hit multiple home runs throughout his career, he knows what he is doing with the bat. With an out already recorded in the eighth, he dropped a base hit into center. Following that, Milwaukee hurler Will Smith (no, not that Will Smith) threw the ball to the backstop, and Arroyo never broke stride. Scampering all the way over to third on the wild pitch, the D-backs were set.
Never a team to complain about how their runs cross the plate, the D-backs will gladly take an error from a Brewer fielder. After a bloop single off the bat of Arroyo, he came around to score and add insurance without so much as the ball leaving the infield.
The run proved huge as Addison Reed took over in the ninth. Never one for a clean, concise inning of work, Reed gave up a leadoff double then watched as he came home on two sacrifice fly balls.
All that mattered was Mark Reynolds waving at strike three and Reed high-fiving Miguel Montero as he came out to congratulate him.
Getting Thursday off, the Diamondbacks will open up a weekend series in the Windy City at 5:10 p.m. on Friday night.
Looking to build off his last start, Brandon McCarthy takes to the mound for the D-backs against Andre Rienzo.
This will be the final stop for the D-backs on their road trip before returning home to the friendly, or "unfriendly," confines of Chase Field.

subset: commoncrawl


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Brian Mullins and Chris Tapp have come a long way since playing in high school bands. Now, the two members of The Cold Stares have songs with more than one million streams on Spotify, and licensing from TNT and Animal Kingdom.
The two met in 2003 and had a successful run in a previous band, Shelby. The duo reunited in 2007 and three years later, their latest band The Cold Stares started catching steam. Their big break was in 2010 when they played in a contest for Hard Rock Café in Nashville, Tennessee, and ended up taking the grand prize out of 1,500 bands. Not long after, record labels started to take notice.
The ride was not always smooth. Local PBS affiliate WNIN made a documentary detailing the duo's struggles — including vocalist Chris Tapp's cancer diagnosis in 2014 — titled "Look Over Yonder Hill." But the band says they probably could make an entire movie about their journey. None of their challenges discouraged them from pursuing their love for music. The two soldiered on, and their most recent album, "Mountain," was inspired from the hardships.
The money earned from "Mountain" will help fund their next album "Ways," which is engineered by award-winning producer Mark Needham. The album is set to release next February.
How did you guys meet?
Chris Tapp: Officially, we met a long time ago in high school. I attended Madisonville North High School, and Brian went to Henderson County in Kentucky. I was playing in a band, and Brian tried out as the drummer. Later, we met again when I was teaching guitar at Abba's Music Store in Henderson, Kentucky. Brian came in to play with a mutual friend, and it just worked out. We played a couple shows with a mutual friend, and as that band ceased we started one together.
Brian Mullins: I was in a previous band and the singer was leaving, so I was scouring the Earth trying to find a replacement. As a drummer, you've got to attach yourself to someone, and I walked in a music store and got pretty lucky.
When did your interest in music start?
CT: I was probably 4 or 5 years old when I saw Jerry Lee Lewis playing piano on my grandparents' television. I can vividly remember that moment. I can see and smell that room in my grandparents' house, and I'll never forget watching Jerry Lee Lewis going nuts on the piano. I was addicted after that.
BM: My interest started with pop culture that was just a part of growing up. It was part of being a kid; I wanted to buy records. Little did I know at the time, the records I was buying like Van Halen and Hall and Oates would still stick with me today.
How did you get the name The Cold Stares?
CT: At first, we were trying not to name the band because we were insistent that we weren't going to start another band. Once you name it, it becomes real, and you have to put real work into it. But we were opening for a friend and we didn't want the room to sound empty. We brought a big stack of amps, and I figured out how to play a bass sound. When they heard us play, the audience turned around and stared at us as if to say, "How are they making this sound?" The cold stares from the audience inspired the name.
How would you describe your music?
CT: The songs are story-based and an algorithm of blues, rock, and heavy rock. Our biggest influences are bands from the late 1960s and early '70s, and I draw a lot of lyrical inspiration from Bob Dylan, Tom Waits, and Johnny Cash. We have our influencers, but we never try to be them. We try to be as honest and authentic to who we are as possible.
BM: Our musical influencers are separate; but for the band, a lot of our influence comes from Black Sabbath, the Delta Blues, Led Zeppelin, and British rock 'n' roll bands. We like the sounds of these bands and our records also lean this way. However, these are not our lyrical influencers. Zeppelin and those bands sing about dragons and icebergs, which is a neat escapism. But that is not what we sing about. Our songs are about the human condition and heavy experiences.
Why did you choose to stay in Evansville?
CT: Our wives and our families are located here. The cost of living is affordable and the central location is nice. We are only three to five hours away from a dozen good markets we play in.
What is to be expected from the next album "Ways"?
CT: "Ways" is more of a concept record. It is split between hard rock and blues songs, and has a western feel. One song from the album, "Break my Fall," is an acoustic song that has already had a lot of success, reaching more than one million streams.
What advice would you give to someone wanting to work in the music industry?
CT: You should always have a back-up plan. That way you can try your hardest without having to worry about financial problems. In the past, we have worked two or three jobs on the side to be able to play music. We are lucky now that we are able to play music without having to do that as much. If you really love something, it won't matter what it is; you will find a way to do it.
BM: You have got to love it. People always ask, "What is the music industry like?" It's like any other line of work. Not everything is glamorous, but the joy is in the work.


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KALAMAZOO, MI--(Marketwired - Feb 6, 2014) - Vestaron Corporation announced today that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved the active ingredient in the company's breakthrough bioinsecticide for commercial sale. The insecticide, a naturally occurring peptide isolated from spiders, is approved for use on a wide variety of crops and has shown no toxicity to fish, birds or mammals, including humans.
"This is a game-changer for agriculture," said Dr. John Sorenson, Chief Executive Officer of Vestaron. "Our bioinsecticide is safe for humans, safe for non-target animals and plants, and better for the environment."
"For years, scientists have argued that the most effective way to manage the development of resistance in insect pests is to combine separate active ingredients into a single insecticide," said Dr. Robert Kennedy, Chief Scientific Officer of Vestaron. "Our peptide uniquely provides novel and complex modes of action in one molecule -- a real breakthrough."
"EPA registration marks a key milestone in bringing Vestaron's technology to the market, following the successful scaling of production and the development of an effective oral formulation. The insecticide will be in pre-commercial demonstration trials in 2014, with a full commercial launch in early 2015," Sorenson said.
"This biopesticide is one of a vast number of similar compounds that exist in nature, from which we intend to source many new, unique insect control products," said Sorenson. "In addition, Vestaron is incorporating the gene for this peptide into a new generation of insect-resistant plants. We're also synthesizing compounds that mimic the peptide's action."
"I couldn't be more excited about Vestaron's potential or more proud of our outstanding team," Sorenson added. "With three strong technology platforms and countless peptides to choose from, Vestaron has a very robust product pipeline for many years to come."
Founded in 2005, Vestaron is a venture-funded start-up based in Kalamazoo, Mich. For more information visit www.vestaron.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains certain "forward-looking" statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Information in this press release, which is not historical, is forward looking and involves a number of risks and uncertainties. Investors are cautioned not to put any undue reliance on any forward-looking statement. Vestaron's actual results may differ materially from Vestaron's historical results of operations and those discussed in the forward-looking statements for various reasons, including, but not limited to Vestaron's ability to carry out its business plan, successful development and commercial acceptance of its products, ability to fund development necessary for existing products and for the pursuit of new product opportunities, ability to hire required personnel, the risk of whether products result from development activities, protection of Vestaron's intellectual property portfolio, the risk associated with obtaining the necessary regulatory approvals, the ability to obtain foreign regulatory approvals for products and to establish marketing arrangements in countries where approval is obtained, and other potential factors.
Contact Information:
Nancy Newman
Chief Financial Officer


text:
When you need to add an air conditioning system to your home, you may think of just getting a window unit or a portable unit so you can cool your space very quickly and cheaply. While it's true that you can have a window or portable air conditioner working by the time you get it home from the store, there are some reasons to consider having a ducted system installed in your home instead. Note a few benefits of ducted air conditioning systems and some drawbacks of portable units that sit on the floor or in a window.
1. Unobtrusive design
A window air conditioning system will block out the light and your view from the window. This is very important to consider when the window is already small and you may not be getting much light into a room anyway. You may not want a large, bulky unit taking up half a window frame during summertime when you've been waiting for sunshine and a nice view. Portable units may only need their duct to sit in a windowsill while the unit itself sits on the floor, but a large air conditioning unit with a long hose attached to a window is not very attractive. If you're concerned about your view or the overall appearance of your space, a ducted system is the right option.
2. Weight and ease of installation
While a portable unit may sit on the floor of a room, a window unit sits right on the windowsill and, in turn, may put added weight on the frame. You may need to brace it up from behind, and this is not only very unattractive but can be difficult when the unit is on a second story. You may then also need to remove the window unit during wintertime, to cut down on potential drafts. This makes your window unit not so convenient after all!
3. Moisture
A ducted unit will usually cool a larger area of your home at once; a central unit will keep the entire home cool. This also cuts down on the amount of moisture or humidity in the home. In turn, you may see less risk of mold and mildew growth. A window air conditioner may allow in humidity if it doesn't fit snugly, and portable units also don't cool enough of your home at once to reduce this risk of moisture buildup. If you live in a very humid area, a ducted system can offer more protection for your home itself.
For more information on ducted air conditioning and its benefits, contact an air conditioning installation company, such as Climate Control.


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Rastamouse - Cheesy Rumbles
Children'sRepeatClosed Captions AvailableRated: G11 mins
7:25am Tuesday, November 06 2012
Rastamouse, Episode 17 - Cheesy Rumbles
Series Synopsis
Rastamouse along with his crew, Scratchy and Zoomer are a mystery-solving reggae-playing band who live by their motto 'redemption, not retribution.'
Episode Synopsis
Episode 17 - Cheesy Rumbles
The Easy Crew investigate weird vibrations, strange rumbling sounds and tales of a rare treasure cheese buried deep in the Buff Bay Caves.
Previous Episode Synopsis
Episode 13 - Wicked Threads
The Presidential tie is missing and Wensley Dale's not got a spare.
Future Episodes
- 7:25am Tuesday, November 06 (R)
- 7:25am Wednesday, November 07 (R)
- 7:25am Thursday, November 08 (R)
- 7:25am Friday, November 09 (R)
- 7:25am Saturday, November 10 (R)
- 7:25am Sunday, November 11 (R)
- 7:25am Monday, November 12 (R)
- 7:25am Tuesday, November 13 (R)


text: The Courtyard Clinic, St George's Hospital Between October 2019 and November 2021, there were 233 massage sessions received by 59 patients at the Courtyard Clinic. Out of 286 sessions offered, there were 53 occasions when patients did not attend on the day. Patient Feedback These are some of the comments patients made after their third session. "I felt very well in myself after my sessions" "It is excellent. I appreciate the service so much. Nick is superb." "One of the best services the Courtyard offers." One of our 60 year old patients has been coming to the Courtyard clinic since 2012. She presented with chronic pain in her lower back and leg and believed these "nerve pains" were caused by an aggressive biopsy carried out 10 years previously. She used a crutch to help her get around and also presented with signs of anxiety. I first saw this patient for a one off treatment and then for three further consecutive sessions. Her anxiety seemed to express itself in extended discussions about how she would receive the massage; whether lying on the couch, sitting upright in the chair, or leaning forward on the head support. She came across as feeling distrustful of the treatment and around a third of the time would be spent in these discussions. I listened to her concerns and acted on them appropriately with the aim of building trust, offering her a further series of sessions. Though progress was slow, after several sessions the patient experienced what she termed "a magical release". She said that all the pain had gone from her right arm. From then on, the patient became totally at ease within the sessions, there were no longer any discussions and she was able to relax and enjoy the therapy. Whilst the patient continued to complain of pain, the crutch she used had now gone; she was stronger, more mobile and able to enjoy life more. Nick Rathbone – Massage Therapist Manage Cookie Preferences


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If you're fond of both RPG and management games, King's League: Odyssey (out now, $1.99) may appeal to you. Especially if you enjoy leveling up and upgrading characters.
Don't start the odyssey looking for action though. While there are plenty of battles to be fought, your heroes will fight automatically, and there's nothing you can do within a battle to influence the outcome. Your work comes before and between battles.
The first thing you've got to do is recruit soldiers. Initially, the only place you can go to for this is a village, but in time you can unlock three other areas: the forest, mountain, and city. Each subsequent area costs more money to hire from (in addition to the amount you've got to pay your soldier). You'll also have different character types to choose from, and they'll carry different rankings. Apart from their levels and character attributes, they're also graded according to rarity. The most valuable characters are classified as unique, followed by rare, uncommon, and lastly, common.
Once you've got your soldiers, you'll have to train them. Basic training involves a choice of gym (fighting prowess), reading (intelligence), dancing (dexterity or speed), swimming (health), and travel (multiple attributes). After you unlock the advanced training mode, you can train two attributes at a go. Training involves a cost too, however, in terms of number of days and training points. The latter is limited and replenishes over time.
After you've hired and trained your soldiers, it's time to battle. There are league battles (the campaign) and various quests. In addition, you can capture territories, from which you can earn income (in the form of money and crystals), but you'll also have to defend them from attacks now and then.
Currently, King's League: Odyssey is rather too short. You can finish a campaign within a few hours and the map isn't big. Also, you can only level up a character 10 times, although there are many different types of upgrades in addition to training individual skills. Another downside to this game is that the premium characters are only available via IAP. These certainly aren't essential to the game, but after you finish the campaign and level up all your characters, you really won't have anything to do with all the cash and crystals you amass. Endless mode gets dull after that. You can, however, start another team and play the harder difficulty modes.
iFanzine Verdict: King's League: Odyssey, part RPG, part management game, is strangely engrossing. Despite its endless mode, the game feels very short, both in terms of the campaign map and upgrades. Still, there are a good number of character types to play with, so if you enjoy RPG (especially the leveling-up aspects) and management games, this is well worth a download.


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Depending on how many builders are interested, a new group-buy is anticipated to provide the PCB's, the crystals and possibly the tinned metal boxes. Pricing will depend on volume and with similar quantities as before a similar pricing is expected. Exact pricing needs to be looked into when I have more information available. If you are interested in building the signal path published so far, please let me know exactly what you are interested in:
Once the quantity is established I can set the price and get the group-buy started for those interested.
With regard to the Euro-Card sized tinned metal boxes I have made the following decision: Only the power connector and the I2C connector holes on the right side will be machined. This makes all Euro-Card sized boxes identical, except for the Switcher Board and of course the BPF Box. This simplifies the logistics for me considerably. It means you will have to drill the holes for signal connectors in the bottom side yourself. This simplification helps to reduce my distribution effort, which leaves me with more time to finish the receiver!
Please note that the two DDS oscillators, the 1GHz Reference Clock and the Controller + Software are still work in progress and those final PCB's will be part of a future group-buy as soon as they have been finalized.
My email address is:
Best regards, Martein, PA3AKE
The prices have been set given the current group-buy quantity.
The price of the crystals is the same as the price established in the 1st group-buy, August 2008. The price per crystal is 9.65€ resulting in about 135€ for a 14 crystal frontend set, 58€ for a 6 crystal backend set and 193€ for a complete receiver set. Factory lead-time is between 6-8 weeks and production has started 14-April-2011, so we may expect the crystals ready end of May, beginning June. This is if quantity does not change. It already looks like I have to order more crystals as still new requests are coming in!
The price of the frontend PCB set is 65€. There have been no changes since the first version of August 2008 with this panel and the manufacturer has not changed pricing, so similar pricing as before is done, given the quantities. Factory lead-time is approximately 3 weeks.
The price of the Backend PCB set is 55€. This price, given total surface area, is somewhat higher than for the Frontend PCB-set. The reasons are twofold. First this is the first run and this comes with additional startup cost. Second the panel is smaller than the Frontend panel, which makes it somewhat less price effective. Factory lead-time is approximately 3 weeks.
The price of the BPF-box is 34€. Quantities are similar as before and the manufacturer has not increased its price, so the same price as with group-buy October 2008 is possible.
The price of the PSU-box is 17.50€. The connector holes are all machined, but the many ventilation holes I used in my prototype are not. This keeps the cost down. They are not really necessary and can be drilled easily anyway, using the connector PCB with the holes as a drilling template.
The price of the generic Eurocard-box is 7.00€. This price is considerably lower than the previous times due to the much larger quantity and the simplification not to have the signal connector holes machined. The power and I2C connector holes are machined.
Factory lead-time for the metal boxes is approximately 2 weeks.
The price of shipment depends on weight and destination. A complete Frontend (boards, boxes, crystals) weighs around 1.6Kg The estimated weight of a complete Backend (boards, boxes, crystals) is approximately 1.4Kg.
Shipment prices for most European countries are: 14.30€ up to 2Kg, 20.80€ up to 5Kg, 26.30€ up to 10Kg. For most countries in eastern Europe pricing is: 19.80€ up to 2Kg, 26.30€ up to 5Kg, 32.30€ up to 10Kg. The rest of the world or "DX" is priced as follows: 25.60€ up to 2Kg, 35.60€ up to 5Kg, 59.60€ up to 10Kg.
Within the European Union Track & Trace is available. A signature is required at delivery. The package is insured up to 500€. In all cases 1.50€ package material is needed.
I prefer payment through PayPal because of simplicity and safety. However PayPal is not a non-profit organization and I will have to charge you the fee that they charge me! Within the EU the PayPal fee is 3.4%, outside the EU it is 3.9%
Payment through electronic bank transaction is also possible. I will supply my IBAN and BIC when needed. All transfer cost should be made by you. Within Europe sometimes there are no costs involved anymore!
Last options are cash money through registered post or when picked up at my home.
Richard Patten is currently organizing a group-buy for coil formers from Lodestone Pacific. A maximum of 8 L45-6 formers are needed on the Selectivity Board if all 4 crystal filters slots are used. Please contact Richard if you need L45-6's. I have arranged with Richard that when desired I can ship the coil formers to your destination. This is very cost effective as long as the formers are not causing the parcel to arrive in the next weight range! Payment for the L45's must go to Richard.
Trey, N5KO, from INRAD has made an offer for 9MHz INRAD filters at a reduced price of $104, if minimum quantities can be met. This is a useful price reduction from the normal $130 single quantity price. I am prepared to arrange this for anyone interested as part of the group-buy. This price is excluding VAT and import tax. The following filters can be ordered: #2308 (1800Hz SSB), #2309 (2100Hz SSB), #2310 (2400Hz SSB), #2304 (500Hz CW). A 250Hz CW filter at 9MHz is not yet available, however this is looked at. If a sample becomes available to me in time it can be part of this offer also.
The Selectivity Board is also compatible with 9MHz crystal filters from KVG. The KVG filters can also be supplied at reduced price if minimum quantity is met: XF-9B (2400Hz SSB) 120€, XF-9NB (500Hz CW) 135€, XF-9P (250Hz CW) 130€. These prices are without 19% VAT. At single quantity these filters are normally listed at 175€, 195€ and 190€ respectively. I am prepared to arrange this for anyone interested as part of the group-buy. Lead-time is approximately 8 weeks.
The following table reflects the current status of the buyers list:
22/03/2011, I have added the table with group-buy data. The following explains the numerical columns of the table:
Frontend PCB-set. This consists of the BPF Motherboard + 5x T94-3 + 4xT80-4 + 1x T50-5 + 1xNotch + 1x I2Control + 1x Attenuator daughter boards. It also includes the Frontend Board.
Frontend BPF-box. This consists of the big tinned metal box for the BPF's. It includes the machined holes for all the connectors.
Backend PCB-set. This consists of the following boards: Selectivity Board, Variable Gain Board, Detector Board, Audio Board, Switcher Board including the small board for mounting the terminal blocks and Rectifier Board.
PSU-box. This consists of the tinned metal box for the Switcher Board. It includes the machined holes for the connectors.
QT Xtal. This consists of the total ordered number of QT crystals. 14 are needed for the Frontend, 6 are needed for the Backend.
Eurocard-box. This consists of the total ordered number of Eurocard sized tinned metal boxes with 30mm height. It includes the machined holes for the power and I2C connector. The holes for the other connector are not machined. All subsystems except BPF-box and Switcher Board use this standard box. So 1 is needed for the Frontend. 4 are needed for the Backend.
Please note that Board-sets must be ordered as a whole. The reason is that they are made from panels to be cost effective and partial panels are of little use to me. Boxes and QT crystals however can be ordered individually.
Please carefully check if your order is correct! It is sometimes not exactly clear from the emails if for instance crystals are needed or not. In general the QT crystals are highly recommended. It is not very likely to reproduce the frontends IMD performance with low cost crystals made for clock oscillators. Special surface treatment is needed for quartz to be used in very linear filters.
21/04/2011, the group-buy has been open for one month now and a sufficiently large group has formed to be cost effective with crystals, boards and boxes! The prices have been set given the current content of the list. The QT crystals have already been ordered as lead-time is longest and production is started. An email has been sent to everyone on the list to request a confirmation of participation with the group-buy.
05/05/2011, all confirmations are in. There is sufficient quantity for the crystal filters of INRAD and KVG also! Orders wil be placed in the next few days. In case of KVG it means a payment in advance. More details later.
11/05/2011, still more orders are coming in, but I have now decided to stop taking new orders! I have increased the amount of crystals that are produced by QT to the current needs and will reserve a few spares of all items in case more late comers are coming! Also the crystal filters are closed now. I will not take new requests for crystal filters and there are no spares.
13/05/2011, the INRAD filters have been ordered. Expected date of shipment to me is early July.
19/05/2011, the KVG filters have been ordered. Expected date of shipment to me is mid July. A request for payment in advance is send out to all KVG buyers. Many have responded quickly. Also the boardsets and metal boxes have been ordered. The longest lead time now is KVG. I expect to be able to ship first to people that did not order any filters, probably mid June.
08/06/2011, a shipment of metal boxes has arrived. Also the PCB-sets have arrived, so I am ready to ship the first parcels. 3 have been shipped today with crystals only. I will ship to those that did not order crystal filters in the next 10 days if payment has been received.
16/06/2011, 12 parcels have been shipped today! 35 still to go.
18/06/2011, 1 parcel has been shipped today.
05/07/2011, 2 more parcels have been shipped today.
08/08/2011, both INRAD and KVG flters have arrived last week and today 13 parcels have been shipped to those that don't have enlisted for Lodestone coilformers through me. Waiting is now for the coil formers that have been shipped to me last week to arrive before I can begin shipping the remaining parcels.
18/08/2011, Lodestone coil formers from Richard have arrived last weekend and 10 more parcels have been shipped today. Only 7 more to go now, for which delayed shipment was requested.
26/08/2011, 4 more parcels have been shipped. Only 3 remaining delayed on request due to holidays.
01/09/2011, 3 more parcels have been shipped.
09/09/2011, 1 more parcel has been shipped.
08/10/2011, this groupbuy has come to an end. I am fully sold out. Many thanks everyone for good cooperation!
Back to Group-buy Overview
Back to the TOC


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Waiting for construction to start can be like watching water boil. With word that the transformation of ye olde Esquire Theater into a retail complex was underway, Curbed zipped over to the Gold Coast to snap some shots. We were lucky enough (or brazen, if you will) to get some peaks at the dilapidated interior as it gets stripped away. The old building is so enchanted, it makes you wish you had made memories there (here's an old photo of the lobby). The new conception put forward by owners 58 E. Oak LLC and Ald. Brendan Reilly, is a heap of new and old materials, pinned down by the vertical Esquire Marquee. The illusion of a varied streetwall will be somewhat maintained, and continuity will return to the swanky block. The plan sports seven retail spaces and is slated for completion by Christmas 2012.
· Esquire Theater To Be Converted To Retail Complex [Curbed Chicago]
· Hedrich Blessing Interiors at ArchiTech [ArchitectureChicago PLUS]
Filed under:


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Article Written By Sarah O'Brien
KEY POINTS OF: What to tell your adult kids when planning your estate
- Even those with thorough estate plans might have neglected to discuss details with potential heirs.
- Certain aspects of your end of life plans should be shared with adult children, say advisors.
- How much you share should take family dynamics into account
So you finished your estate plan.
You finalized a will, made sure beneficiaries are named on financial accounts, signed all other pertinent documents and picked an executor to carry out your wishes when you die.
You might have overlooked one consideration: whether you should share the details of your efforts with your adult children.
"This is a tricky one and definitely depends on the family," said Kristi Sullivan, a certified financial planner and owner of Sullivan Financial Planning in Denver.
It's a sentiment echoed by many advisors. Yet they also said there are certain parts of estate planning that should be shared — regardless of whether money is part of that discussion.
An estate's value at the time of settlement varies widely: Most are worth between $50,000 and $250,000, according to a 2018 survey by EstateExec.com, an online software provider. About 11% are worth under $10,000 and 11% more than $1 million.
Family conflict, however, is common in many cases regardless of the estate's value: More than 44% of survey respondents said it has happened in their family. In other words, even if you view your estate plan as tidy and definitive, it still could blindside your adult children when you're gone.
"Do you want your bequests to children to be about resentment, whether toward each other or toward you?" said David Mendels, a CFP and director of planning at Creative Financial Concepts in New York.
The basics
In basic terms, "estate" just refers to everything you own when you die: your financial assets, real estate and possessions. An estate plan focuses on making sure those things end up where you want them to, as well as anticipating other end-of-life considerations.
If you die without a will — called dying intestate — the courts in your state will decide who gets what. That process is public and often messy if would-be heirs have competing priorities and conflicting notions of what is rightfully theirs.
However, not everything about an estate plan deals with money or other assets you're leaving behind.
For example, it's generally recommended that you assign power of attorney to a trusted person to handle your finances if you reach a point when you can no longer can. Same goes for medical decisions. Experts also say it's wise to have a living will (also called an advance health-care directive), which outlines your wishes if you become incapacitated due to illness or injury (i.e., whether you want to be left on life support).
"In virtually every circumstance, you should tell your kids who is in charge of that stuff," Mendels said. "They need to know that, and they shouldn't find it out when you're lying in a hospital bed unconscious."
For the money side, though, it's far more of a gray area surrounding the question of how much you should tell your kids. However, there are considerations that can help you make that decision.
"Some clients simply want to keep their finances and plans private for a variety of reasons," said CFP George Reilly, principal of Safe Harbor Financial Advisors in Occoquan, Virginia.
"In those cases, I strongly encourage them to at least notify their loved ones — or at a minimum anyone they have appointed a fiduciary role — of the existence of the plan, the [individuals] who have responsibility, and the location of plan documents and other things," said Reilly, who also is an estate planning attorney.
He said sharing those basics helps prevent the family from hunting for information about the decedent's assets and liabilities — especially when many people now use online resources to get and store that information.
"In the old days you could wait on the mail to bring statements and bills, but many folks use online resources now and the 'hunt' is that much harder," Reilly said.
What may influence your decision
Again, how much you share can depend on family dynamics.
"When the subject comes up with clients, I say, 'You know your kids better than I do,'" Mendels said. "You have to think about the individuals you'd be talking to and how they're going to respond."
For example, your children may be doing their own financial plan — figuring out their short- and long-term goals and how to fund them. If they were to find out an inheritance may be coming their way, they could factor it into their own planning. If the client believes a peaceful transfer of assets is likely, it can help adult children with their own financial planning.
"If the client believes a peaceful transfer of assets is likely, it can help adult children with their own financial planning," said Sullivan at Sullivan Financial Planning.
She also said that if the inheritance would be unexpectedly large, it may be worth preparing your kids for it.
"It's surprising, but sometimes inheriting big sums of money can have a traumatizing effect on the heirs if they are totally unaware of what's coming," Sullivan said.
Additionally, if you are not splitting everything evenly, it may be worth communicating that in advance. For example, if one child has special needs and you are directing a sizable portion of your estate to their support, it may be worth warning the other siblings who are self-sufficient.
"You may have very good and well thought out reasons for what you're doing, but if you don't communicate with your kids, they won't know," said Mendels at Creative Financial Concepts. "And when they find out, you're not there to explain it."
On the other hand, some adult children may not be well-equipped to handle the notion of an inheritance.
"If it's substantial money, they might think, 'Oh, I don't have to do anything now because I'll be rich someday,'" Mendels said.
And if your children ask you about your money situation? Don't assume the worst, advisors say.
Sometimes, they may just want to know that you have the financial wherewithal to get through your life, regardless of what you leave behind.
"Maybe they just want to know you're okay," Mendels said. "Maybe they're wondering if you're going to come knocking on their door to move in because you ran out of money."
Regardless of whether you share the dollar details or just the need-to-know basics, communication can go a long way.
"My experience is that most people err too much on the side of not talking," Mendels said. "Trying to err on the side of communication on most things is probably good advice, not just specific to money."
This article was provided by CNBC.com
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- 5 Reasons To Expedite The Probate Process For A Loved One's Estate - January 24, 2024
- 5 Proactive Steps You Can Take To Avoid Probate In California - December 20, 2023
- Trusts and More: How To Avoid Probate - December 7, 2023


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Common Sense Finally Coming to the Israel-Palestinian Stalemate?© David Burton 2018 |
In recent months, the United States, under the leadership of its president, Donald Trump,
has led an unprecedented movement throughout the world to reverse the decades-old delegitimization of the State of
Israel and to reverse the blind obsession with believing that Palestinian leaders, the Palestinian Authority, Fatah,
Hamas and that largest obstacle to an Israeli/Palestinian peace settlement, Mahmoud Abbas, were ever serious about
wanting peace with Israel. Several nations are now coming to the realization that if there is ever to be peace
between Israel and the "Palestinians", it will be in spite of and not because of closet terrorists like Abbas. It
has taken bold steps, particularly the acknowledgement that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and his decision to
move the American embassy to Jerusalem by President Trump to start the process. President Trump's
initiative may be the catalyst to finally start bringing common sense to the Israel-Palestinian
6 April 2018 {Article 320; Islam_29} |


text: Taking on a new role at a new school is an overwhelming but necessary step in the pursuit of professional growth. On this episode of WeAdmit!, Janice chats with three admission and enrollment professionals moving up in the industry. They share their unique perspective and expand on the importance of personal goals, quality mentors, and well-timed pep talks.


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Saturday, February 11, 2012
Rabbis are not infallible!
Also, I think it's important not just to know the halachot, but to know their source. So, for example, we are studying the laws of a Gentile performing a melacha on Shabbos. Bottom line--we're not supposed to benefit from it. I said that it's because G-d commanded in the Torah that Shabbos is a day of rest not only for us, but for our servants and our animals. Asking a Gentile to do something for you (especially if you're PAYING him) violates this. Chavie's response? "If the rabbis said it, that's good enough for me." Well, it's not good enough for me. I want to understand their logic. After all, rabbis are great people. They are learned. They have yiras Shamayim. But they are still only human. They can still make mistakes. There is only one Infallible Being in this world. And He is not now, nor has He ever been, a person.
1 comment:
No offence to her but you friend's not too bright.
First of all, if part of becoming a rabbi meant taking on a high level of learning and piety and that without those you couldn't be one then yes, rabbis would be entitled to a special level of respect. However, we know quite well that this is not the case, nor has it been for a couple of thousand years.
Secondly, knowing why a halacha is the way it is can be crucial to understanding it. The prohibition of not getting a gentile to do something for you on Shabbos is a great example. There are indeed times that a gentile can do work for you on Shabbos and knowing which occasions those are is important. No issue in halacha is black and white and sitting back and saying "I'll just memorize the rules" is a copout.


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Citrus-Honey Acqua Glow
Ingredients overview
Other Ingredients
Skim through
Peach slices Citrus-Honey Acqua GlowIngredients explained
Good old water, aka H2O. The most common skincare ingredient of all. You can usually find it right in the very first spot of the ingredient list, meaning it's the biggest thing out of all the stuff that makes up the product.
It's mainly a solvent for ingredients that do not like to dissolve in oils but rather in water.
Once inside the skin, it hydrates, but not from the outside - putting pure water on the skin (hello long baths!) is drying.
One more thing: the water used in cosmetics is purified and deionized (it means that almost all of the mineral ions inside it is removed). Like this, the products can stay more stable over time.
- A natural moisturizer that's also in our skin
- A super common, safe, effective and cheap molecule used for more than 50 years
- Not only a simple moisturizer but knows much more: keeps the skin lipids between our skin cells in a healthy (liquid crystal) state, protects against irritation, helps to restore barrier
- Effective from as low as 3% with even more benefits for dry skin at higher concentrations up to 20-40%
- High-glycerin moisturizers are awesome for treating severely dry skin
Propanediol is a natural alternative for the often used and often bad-mouthed propylene glycol. It's produced sustainably from corn sugar and it's Ecocert approved.
It's quite a multi-tasker: can be used to improve skin moisturization, as a solvent, to boost preservative efficacy or to influence the sensory properties of the end formula.
A super commonly used 5 unit long, cyclic structured silicone that is water-thin and does not stay on the skin but evaporates from it (called volatile silicone). Similar to other silicones, it gives skin and hair a silky, smooth feel.
It's often combined with the non-volatile (i.e. stays on the skin) dimethicone as the two together form a water-resistant, breathable protective barrier on the skin without a negative tacky feel.
A light-feeling, volatile (meaning it does not absorb into the skin but evaporates from it) silicone that gives skin a unique, silky and non-greasy feel. It has excellent spreading properties and leaves no oily residue or build-up.
A common little helper ingredient that helps water and oil to mix together, aka emulsifier.
An odorless and colorless emollient ester (cetyl alcohol + ethylhexanoic acid) that gives a velvety and silky feel to the skin. It has great spreadability and a non-oily feel. It's a popular ingredient in makeup removers.
Usually, a glycerin or glycol based extract of honey that has similar properties to pure honey, i.e. moisturizing, soothing and antibacterial magic properties.
If you wanna know more about honey in cosmetics, we have a shiny explanation here >>
One of the many types of ceramides that can be found naturally in the upper layer of the skin. Ceramides make up about 50% of the goopy stuff that's between our skin cells and play a super important role in having a healthy skin barrier and keeping the skin hydrated. It works even better when combined with its pal, Ceramide 1.
We wrote way more about ceramides at ceramide 1, so click here to know more.
A popular, vegetable-derived oil-loving emulsifier that helps water to mix with oil. In itself, it is suitable for water-in-oil emulsions (where water droplets are dispersed in oil), but it is more often used as a co-emulsifier next to other, water-loving emulsifiers.
Chemically speaking, it comes from the attachment of sorbitan (a dehydrated sorbitol (sugar) molecule) with the fatty acid Stearic Acid, that creates a partly water (the sorbitan part) and partly oil soluble (stearic part) molecule.
A copolymer is a big molecule that consists not of one but of two repeating subunits. This particular copolymer is a handy helper ingredient to form nice gel textures.
It usually comes to the formula combined with emollients (such as C13-14 Isoparaffin, Isohexadecane, Isononyl Isononanoate or Squalane) and can be used as an emulsifier and/or thickener to produce milky gel emulsions with a soft and non-tacky skin feel.
A really multi-functional helper ingredient that can do several things in a skincare product: it can bring a soft and pleasant feel to the formula, it can act as a humectant and emollient, it can be a solvent for some other ingredients (for example it can help to stabilize perfumes in watery products) and it can also help to disperse pigments more evenly in makeup products. And that is still not all: it can also boost the antimicrobial activity of preservatives.
A kind of polymer (big molecule from repeated subunits) that helps to create beautiful gel-like textures. It's also a texturizer and thickener for oil-in-water emulsions. It gives products a good skin feel and does not make the formula tacky or sticky.
It works over a wide pH range and is used between 0.5-1.2%.
An extremely common multitasker ingredient that gives your skin a nice soft feel (emollient) and gives body to creams and lotions. It also helps to stabilize oil-water mixes (emulsions), though it does not function as an emulsifier in itself. Its typical use level in most cream type formulas is 2-3%.
It's a so-called fatty alcohol, a mix of cetyl and stearyl alcohol, other two emollient fatty alcohols. Though chemically speaking, it is alcohol (as in, it has an -OH group in its molecule), its properties are totally different from the properties of low molecular weight or drying alcohols such as denat. alcohol. Fatty alcohols have a long oil-soluble (and thus emollient) tail part that makes them absolutely non-drying and non-irritating and are totally ok for the skin.
Though its long name does not reveal it, this polymer molecule (big molecule from repeated subunits or monomers) is a relative to the super common, water-loving thickener, Carbomer. Both of them are big molecules that contain acrylic acid units, but Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer also contains some other monomers that are hydrophobic, i.e. water-hating.
This means that our molecule is part water- and part oil-loving, so it not only works as a thickener but also as an emulsion stabilizer. It is very common in gel-type formulas that also contain an oil-phase as well as in cleansers as it also works with most cleansing agents (unlike a lot of other thickeners).
A light, velvety, unique skin feel liquid that is a good solvent and also makes the skin feel nice and smooth (aka emollient). It's often used in makeup products mixed with silicones to give shine and slip to the product. It's also great for cleansing dirt and oil from the skin as well as for taking off make-up.
It's a little helper ingredient that helps to set the pH of the products to be right. It has an alkaline pH and can neutralize acidic ingredients.
A handy multifunctional ingredient that works as a preservative booster, as well as an antioxidant and soothing agent.
Sunflower does not need a big intro as you probably use it in the kitchen as cooking oil, or you munch on the seeds as a healthy snack or you adore its big, beautiful yellow flower during the summer - or you do all of these and probably even more. And by even more we mean putting it all over your face as sunflower oil is one of the most commonly used plant oils in skincare.
It's a real oldie: expressed directly from the seeds, the oil is used not for hundreds but thousands of years. According to The National Sunflower Association, there is evidence that both the plant and its oil were used by American Indians in the area of Arizona and New Mexico about 3000 BC. Do the math: it's more than 5000 years – definitely an oldie.
Our intro did get pretty big after all (sorry for that), so let's get to the point finally: sunflower oil - similar to other plant oils - is a great emollient that makes the skin smooth and nice and helps to keep it hydrated. It also protects the surface of the skin and enhances the damaged or irritated skin barrier. Leslie Bauman notes in Cosmetic Dermatology that one application of sunflower oil significantly speeds up the recovery of the skin barrier within an hour and sustains the results 5 hours after using it.
It's also loaded with fatty acids (mostly linoleic (50-74%) and oleic (14-35%)). The unrefined version (be sure to use that on your skin!) is especially high in linoleic acid that is great even for acne-prone skin. Its comedogen index is 0, meaning that it's pretty much an all skin-type oil.
Truth be told, there are many great plant oils and sunflower oil is definitely one of them.
A common little helper ingredient that helps water and oil to mix together, aka emulsifier.
The number at the end refers to the oil-loving part and the bigger the number the more emulsifying power it has. 20 is a weak emulsifier, rather called solubilizer used commonly in toners while 60 and 80 are more common in serums and creams.
If you have spotted ethylhexylglycerin on the ingredient list, most probably you will see there also the current IT-preservative, phenoxyethanol. They are good friends because ethylhexylglycerin can boost the effectiveness of phenoxyethanol (and other preservatives) and as an added bonus it feels nice on the skin too.
Also, it's an effective deodorant and a medium spreading emollient.
A mainly oil-loving, vegetable raw material based ingredient that helps water and oil to mix together, aka emulsifier. It can also function as a wetting and dispersing agent helping insoluble particles such as color pigments or inorganic sunscreens (zinc/titanium dioxide) to disperse nice and even in liquids.
Chemically speaking, it comes from the attachment of sorbitan (a dehydrated sorbitol (sugar) molecule) with the unsaturated fatty acid Oleic Acid, that creates a partly water (the sorbitan part) and partly oil soluble (oleic part) molecule.
We don't have description for this ingredient yet.
Super common little helper ingredient that helps products to remain nice and stable for a longer time. It does so by neutralizing the metal ions in the formula (that usually get into there from water) that would otherwise cause some not so nice changes.
It is typically used in tiny amounts, around 0.1% or less.
The essential oil coming from the sweet orange. In the case of orange (and citruses in general), the essential oil is mainly in the peel of the fruit, so it's pretty much the same as the orange peel oil (also has the same CAS number - a unique ID assigned to chemicals).
Its main component is limonene (up to 97%), a super common fragrant ingredient that makes everything smell nice (but counts as a frequent skin sensitizer).
The emollient plant oil coming from the soybean. It is considered to be a nice, cost-effective base oil with moisturizing properties. As for its fatty acid profile, it contains 48-59% barrier-repairing linoleic acid, 17-30% nourishing oleic acid and also some (4.5-11%) potentially anti-inflammatory linolenic acid.
The essential oil coming from the rind of the grapefruit. In general, the main component of citrus peel oils is limonene (86-95% for grapefruit peel), a super common fragrant ingredient that makes everything smell nice (but counts as a frequent skin sensitizer).
Other than that, citrus peel also contains the problematic compound called furanocoumarin that makes them mildly phototoxic. In general, the more sour-bitter the fruit, the more problematic it is regarding phototoxicity: orange and clementine peel contain less of it while lemon, grapefruit, and bergamot contain some more. Be careful with it if it is in a product for daytime use.
Butylene glycol, or let's just call it BG, is a multi-tasking colorless, syrupy liquid. It's a great pick for creating a nice feeling product.
BG's main job is usually to be a solvent for the other ingredients. Other tasks include helping the product to absorb faster and deeper into the skin (penetration enhancer), making the product spread nicely over the skin (slip agent), and attracting water (humectant) into the skin.
It's an ingredient whose safety hasn't been questioned so far by anyone (at least not that we know about). BG is approved by Ecocert and is also used enthusiastically in natural products. BTW, it's also a food additive.
We don't have description for this ingredient yet.
- Primary fat-soluble antioxidant in our skin
- Significant photoprotection against UVB rays
- Vit C + Vit E work in synergy and provide great photoprotection
- Has emollient properties
- Easy to formulate, stable and relatively inexpensive
You may also want to take a look at...
what‑it‑does | solvent |
what‑it‑does | skin-identical ingredient | moisturizer/humectant |
irritancy, com. | 0, 0 |
what‑it‑does | solvent | moisturizer/humectant |
what‑it‑does | emollient | solvent |
what‑it‑does | emollient | solvent |
what‑it‑does | emulsifying | surfactant/cleansing |
what‑it‑does | emollient |
what‑it‑does | moisturizer/humectant |
what‑it‑does | skin-identical ingredient |
what‑it‑does | emulsifying |
irritancy, com. | 1, 0 |
what‑it‑does | viscosity controlling |
what‑it‑does | solvent |
what‑it‑does | viscosity controlling |
what‑it‑does | emollient | viscosity controlling | emulsifying | surfactant/cleansing |
irritancy, com. | 1, 2 |
what‑it‑does | viscosity controlling |
what‑it‑does | emollient | solvent |
what‑it‑does | buffering |
what‑it‑does | antioxidant |
what‑it‑does | emollient |
irritancy, com. | 0, 0 |
what‑it‑does | emulsifying | surfactant/cleansing |
irritancy, com. | 0, 0 |
what‑it‑does | preservative |
what‑it‑does | emulsifying |
irritancy, com. | 0, 3 |
what‑it‑does | chelating |
what‑it‑does | perfuming |
what‑it‑does | emollient | perfuming |
irritancy, com. | 0, 3 |
what‑it‑does | perfuming |
what‑it‑does | moisturizer/humectant | solvent |
irritancy, com. | 0, 1 |
what‑it‑does | emollient | moisturizer/humectant |
what‑it‑does | antioxidant |
irritancy, com. | 0-3, 0-3 |


text:
Pope Paul VI in his papal encyclical Humanae Vitae states: " Responsible parenthood... has one further essential aspect of paramount importance. It concerns the objective moral order which was established by God, and of which a right conscience is the true interpreter. In a word, the exercise of responsible parenthood requires that husband and wife, keeping a right order of priorities, recognize their own duties toward God, themselves, their families and human society."
In the ambulance, as I drifted in and out of consciousness, I didn't have much time for retrospective thoughts, except "Please God, I can't die. I don't want my little boys growing up without a mom." I was bleeding internally, the complications of ectopic pregnancy surgery two weeks previous, and quickly becoming weaker and weaker. Waking up later in the recovery room, I was thankful to be alive.
"You should not be having any more children." The words were harsh and at first, we took them as truth. I was capable of having more, but after two ectopic pregnancies and complications from one of the surgeries, we were told that we must limit our family to three boys. One of the doctors suggested that I be put on hormonal contraception. He later advised me to have my remaining fallopian tube tied. The physician wasn't the only one to give the 'order' to stop having children. Well-meaning relatives and friends felt it was their duty to tell us that we should not get pregnant again. "You don't want to be irresponsible, do you?"
"It concerns the objective moral order which was established by God..."
It became evident, as we dialogued with both the physicians and the well-meaning relatives and friends, that they were concerned only about my physical health. Most of them cared little, if at all, for my/our spiritual well being. And, initially, in those first few weeks after my surgery, we felt that we ought to listen to the "doctor's orders."
However, as the months went by, I began to regain my strength. We continued using NFP in the most conservative way, often adding one or two days to the rules for extra security. A year later, with heaviness in my heart, I thought of the future and the fact that we would not have anymore children. I wondered whether God was calling us to actively seek another pregnancy. My husband and I discussed it, then brought our concern to our spiritual director, explaining to him that the doctor told us that we should not have any more children. "James and Ellie," he said, "that is a decision to be made between the two of you and God." He encouraged us to pray about it and he further recommended that we talk to a faithful Catholic doctor. We knew of a Catholic physician through a neighboring homeschooling community. Her response after reviewing my file was that we could try for more children, but that I would need to be monitored carefully in the first several weeks to confirm that it wasn't another ectopic pregnancy.
"... a right conscience is the true interpreter..."
For the next several months, we prayed together. We deeply desired another child, but we did not want to be careless or irresponsible. After much prayer and discernment, and weighing all the risks, we decided to actively seek another pregnancy.
"...the exercise of responsible parenthood requires that husband and wife, keeping a right order of priorities..."
Ten cycles later, we were still not pregnant. We felt at peace with our decision to seek another pregnancy and, although disappointed, we trusted that God knew what He was doing. Eventually, we stopped charting. Another eight cycles went by with no pregnancy and I began to sell off most of my baby furniture. A few weeks later, it dawned on me that I hadn't had a period in six weeks. The next morning, I took my temperature and it was 98.9. After 18 months of saying no to us, God was saying yes and blessing us with another eternal soul. I was thrilled that another new life, the fruit of our love, had begun, and would be sheltered lovingly in my womb.
With the blessing, however, soon came suffering. I began having debilitating migraine headaches and some days I could not get out of bed. Worse than the physical pain, however, was the emotional suffering. Doctors, well-meaning friends and relatives told us that we were being "irresponsible" and "selfish," and that if I was suffering, "I had asked for it."
At 30 weeks, our unborn baby was six pounds and I had already gained 50 pounds. That might not seem like much, but with my four feet nine inch frame, it meant that I could not drive (the seat had to be pushed back so far to allow for my large stomach that my feet couldn't reach the pedals) and I could not walk the last six weeks of the pregnancy.
Our son, Adam, was born eight weeks later at nearly ten pounds. The pro-life Catholic doctor who delivered Adam by C-section told me that we could try for another baby someday, but that the pregnancy would again have to be monitored. Three years later, our youngest son, Paul was born.
"... recognize their own duties toward God, themselves, their families and human society."
The words of Pope Paul VI in Humanae Vitae courageously proclaim the truth of responsible parenthood. The decision to have or avoid another child remains a decision between the couple and God. No one else ought to make such a life-changing and important choice because no one else will have to endure the consequences (and joys), nor will anyone else have to stand before God someday and explain their actions.
Although we could have used NFP to avoid pregnancy permanently and to limit our family size to three sons, we choose to listen to our hearts, to answer God's calling, and to seek more children. When I consider that our two youngest sons might possibly not be here today, my heart becomes heavy. Both are unique, talented and amazing human beings who have already given so much to our family and to society. I am grateful to God, because I can't imagine our family without them.
Copyright 2010 Ellen Gable Hrkach
About the Author
Ellen Gable Hrkach
Ellen and her husband, James, have been certified NFP teachers since 1984. She's also an award-winning, bestselling author of twelve books, an editor, a publisher, and a self-publishing book coach. Her newest novel is Where Angels Pass. The mother of five adult sons and grandmother of two precious grandchildren, Ellen lives in Pakenham, Ontario with her husband. Contact her at Full Quiver Publishing.


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Prime Minister Narendra Modi commissioned India's first indigenously designed and built aircraft carrier INS Vikrant on Friday, that put India into a select league of countries with domestic capability to build such large war ships.
The Prime Minister commissioned the carrier, built at a cost of Rs 20,000 crore, at a function organised at the Cochin Shipyard Limited here.
With the commissioning of Vikrant, India joined a select group of nations having the niche capability to indigenously design and build an aircraft carrier.
The commissioning ceremony was attended by a host of dignitaries including Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, Shipping Minister Sarbananda Sonowal, Kerala Governor Arif Mohamad Khan, state Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan, Ernakulam MP Hibi Eden, Navy Chief Admiral R Hari Kumar and top officials of Navy and Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL).
Modi unveiled a plaque to mark the induction of INS Vikrant, named after its predecessor that played a crucial role in the 1971 Indo-Pak war, into the Navy.
The carrier is equipped with state-of-the-art features.
Brief Points Of PM Modi's Speech:
(Self Reliant India).


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Introducing outdoor excellence for your wild lifestyle.
TOTALOXYGEN launches their first capsule collection which sees them explore the journey of the next generation in outdoor apparel. The brand blends technical layers with design-led graphcis drawing on influences from its adventures and the environment.
"We want to develop beautifully crafted outdoor garments using the best materials available, with a heavy emphasis on blending technical excellence with design edge and street attitude. We want our garments to help our customers embrace and explore their limits."
The OUTDOOR range focuses on a multi-sport layering system for men. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd layers have been developed using the very latest fabric technology. Sourcing bluesign® certified lightweight fabrics from LMA, Schoeller's active>silver™ technology for its multi-sport shorts, and working with Pontetorto for their mid layers and soft shell garments including using their Technowool® and NoWind® fabrics,. It is a true European collaboration with their designers in the UK and France.
Visit TOTALOXYGEN's online store here: www.totaloxygen.com
Follow them on social media:
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Pinterest: https://uk.pinterest.com/totaloxygen/
Tumblr: http://totaloxygen.tumblr.com/


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5 entries for Elaine
BackElaine recollected that, when Dr McCabe would visit, everything would be lovely and clean. The beds would be dressed to perfection and the children would receive eggs twice a week for a few weeks prior to the visit by the Medical Inspector.
In her evidence during Phase III, Sr McQuaid described an instance that occurred in the 1950s, when a member of staff beat the children with a hairbrush. She was reported by one of the senior girls to the Resident Manager who subsequently dismissed her. The evidence of Elaine was that one abusive lay worker who beat the children with a hairbrush remained for the duration of her placement and would not have been due to be retained in any event.
Elaine was born in a home for unmarried mothers and transferred at the age of three years to St Joseph's, where she remained until she reached 16. When her first child was born, she began to search for information about her own mother, a quest which continued on and off for 30 years, with the help of her children. At the end of her search, in the mid-1990s, an elderly nun in St Joseph's produced from her papers a letter written by the witness's mother 50 years earlier, and this letter was sent to her along with other papers released on threat of court proceedings. This letter was a source of comfort and reassurance, and eased the sense of abandonment experienced by the witness down through the years. She explained: Well, my belief is that I was transferred to St Joseph's Orphanage in Dundalk and my mother was never told. The only reason I know she was never told was because later on in 1946 she writes to the convent and she is looking to know where her daughter is. She is wanting to know would they mind if [she] sent me a little something ... I just believe that she should have been told ... It is the only letter. But she is quite upset about it, she's heartbroken in that letter. There is one line in it that says "next thing I know the baby is gone". That jumps out any time I read it.
Elaine was resentful that society had enforced the separation of mother and child because of its intolerance of illegitimacy. She was also told erroneously that her mother was dead. In fact, she died much later and could have seen her grandchildren. She recalled being told that her mother was dead and experiencing no reaction. She said, 'What do you do? I mean I'd never had a mother up to that. I didn't cry or I don't remember crying. They were just words'.
Sr Sienna who had been Resident Manager had meticulously retained papers relating to the witness, including this letter. Elaine was grateful that the Sister had preserved them but was frustrated when she would not hand them over. Only the threat of court proceedings forced their production. There was no understanding that children needed and were entitled to information about their families. She said: Originally when my first baby was born, and that would have been in the mid 1960s, I had gone back to the orphanage because the orphanage was still open and I was literally told to get on with my life. I wasn't told who I was or anything like that. I did want to know because I had a child then and motherly instincts must have told me I had a mother and she must have had some feelings too.


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Ring Fixing Machine
Wheels which have replaceable tyres are fitted with a retaining (Gibson) ring, which secures the tyre to the wheel centre. The ring fixing machine both rolls and applies a load to the lip of the tyre to lock the retaining ring in position. The hardened pressure roller is driven by a hydraulic motor.
A separate machine is available for rolling the retaining ring from bar, prior to location in the tyre.
Gravity Wheel Drop Units
This machine has been developed to prevent scoring when separating the wheel from the axle. A large weight is located under the suspended wheelset by means of adjustable jaws. When high-pressure oil is injected at the wheel/ axle interface, the wheel is released and drops with the weight.
Train Wheels and Rolling Stock Accessories
HENRY BERRY can provide train wheels in a variety of materials, including synthetic composites. The Company also supplies a wide range of rolling stock accessories such as axles, brackets, roller disks and gears.


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It might be time to retire the bottle. Using a bottle too long may negatively affect a child's health. In fact, extended bottle use has been linked to dental problems, iron deficiency and childhood obesity.
"Prolonged bottle use has been shown to cause cavities, as milk sucked from a bottle will cause sugars and acids to stay on teeth," says Theodore Kremer, MD, a pediatrician at Esse Health Florissant Pediatrics.
So, when is it appropriate to call it quits? Dr. Kremer recommends introducing your child to sippy cups between 9 and 12 months of age. She should be completely bottle-free by 18 months.
"If mothers have exclusively breastfed up to 12 months, skip the bottle entirely and switch straight to milk from a sippy cup," Dr. Kremer says. "For formula-fed infants, a natural time for some parents to switch children from the bottle to cup is when you are moving from formula to milk."
It can take your toddler a few weeks to fully transition from a bottle to a cup, so don't be discouraged if he struggles at first.
"Be patient but firm," Dr. Kremer says. "If you give your child a cup at a meal and she loudly protests, be patient but firm and stick with it."
Your pediatrician can help develop a weaning plan that works best for you and your child. Don't have a pediatrician? Call St. Louis Children's Hospital at 314.454.KIDS (5437) or toll-free at 800.678.KIDS.


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Involve in highly profitable Crypto Exchange Development
Reported by Deleted User | February 16th, 2021 @ 01:21 AM
Infinite Block Tech is a proven expert in Crypto exchange development. The process followed is reviewing the business requirements. developing the solution by adding the needed features and functionalities, deploying it on the blockchain network, providing maintenance services, software upgrades, and technical support post-deployment.
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Mommy tells me you are evil every since she started going to church after daddy stopped living with us. And daddy tells me that you don't exist. He has a lot of hair on his face now, like you! But only some of it is white.
But I know you do exist, Santa! When I see you ringing your little bell outside the mall I always laugh. You're so funny!
And sometimes you almost fall down!
Santa, I tried to be very good this year. Not like last year when I made daddy go away. If I was good enough can I please have a flame thrower for Christmas. Or maybe a space ship! A space ship would be really cool! Then on the nights when mommy has Uncle Roger over and they go in her room and yell at each other a lot I can fly to Mars so I don't have to listen to them being so mean.
Sometimes mommy cries after Uncle Roger leaves.
Maybe you can bring mommy a friend so she doesn't cry when Uncle Roger is mean to her and leaves. She always drinks that yucky brown stuff that smells when he leaves, and she cries.
Sometimes I cry too.
Street Scene Advertising Disconnect
I'm watching the Cartoon Network (because, after a day at work, I want to watch something that I'm not going to pick the product placements out of by habit, ironic because at the moment I'm watching Transformers, a series designed from the ground up to sell toys) and catch an in-network promo for Naruto. The outgoing tagline is "Naruto: Put Your Lips Together...and Blow."
Now, I've never seen Naruto, but something tells me that it doesn't have all that much, okay anything, to do with Lauren Bacall, and I'm certain that is has absolutely nothing to do with what Bacall had in mind.
It's true that ritualistic battle has a certain...appeal, but raising a generation of sadomasochists seems like a bad way to start the twenty-first century.
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How Much Should I Charge to Mow a Lawn?
According to a survey conducted by the National Association of Landscape Professionals, more than 80% of Americans have lawns. Many of these people take care of their lawns themselves. But there are also many other people who would prefer not to have to worry about lawn care. They hire lawn care companies to assist them with their lawns and to provide them with lawn care advice. Would you like to start one of these companies yourself and turn it into a career? If so, you'll need to start by asking yourself, "How much should I charge to mow a lawn?"
It'll help you create a successful business model.
Here is a lawn care guide on some of the factors that will help determine what you should charge to care for people's lawns.
Lawn Type
Did you know that there are lots of different types of grass that make up lawns in the U.S.? From fescues and bluegrass to Bermuda and St. Augustine grass, you're going to need to know how to care for all types of grass.
You're also going to need to know which types of grass are more challenging to care for than others. Finally, it'll help you decide the answer to the question, "How much should I charge to mow a lawn?" when you come across these kinds of grass.
Lawn Size
In addition to thinking about what kind of grass you're going to be cutting when coming up with a price for mowing a lawn, you'll also need to take lawn size into account. The larger a lawn is, the more you're going to want to charge for it.
Even if mowing a big lawn doesn't take that much more time out of your day, you still shouldn't be shy about charging more for it. It's going to cost you more to mow, so you should charge for your mowing services accordingly.
Lawn Care Extras
Most homeowners are going to ask you to do more than jow their lawns when you visit their houses. They'll also ask you to do things like weed whacking, edging, pruning, etc.
It will help if you work these lawn care extras into the mix when coming up with prices for customers. It would help if you also tried to extend as many of these extras as you can to make your lawn care service more profitable.
Visit https://whenappearancematters.com/service-area/baton-rouge/ to find out about some of the lawn care services you should be offering.
So, How Much Should I Charge to Mow a Lawn?
There will never be a definitive answer to the question, "How much should I charge to mow a lawn?" So the price you ask people to pay for lawn care should depend on each of these specific factors.
It's why it'll be important for you to get into the habit of offering free quotes to customers. It'll allow both you and your customers to get on the same page prior to you providing lawn care services for them.
Find more useful lawn care tips by checking out the other articles published on our blog.


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Malan: "To think there are people in Italy collecting money in order to kill our heroes is really a shame"
A group of Italian militants involved in staging anti-war protests is raising funds to support the armed Iraqi resistance, the BBC has learned. The discovery comes as Italy mourns 19 men killed in a suicide attack in Iraq last week.
The "Antiimperialista" organisation's internet campaign asks people to send "10 Euros to the Iraqi resistance". They say they have collected 12,000 euros ($14,165) in the past eight weeks and admit the money used could be used to buy weapons. […]
Lucio Malan, a senator from the governing Forza Italia Party, was shocked to hear about the campaign. "The first word that comes to my mind is shame and horror", he told BBC Radio Four's Today programme. "They are raising money against people (Italian troops) who are defending the peace, the security of the people of that country. They have not killed or wounded anyone in that country they are helping to take away unexploded bombs". He said the group's activities "collecting money to give it outspokenly to terrorist groups" was certainly illegal in Italy.


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Sweet ripe pear notes marry well with premium rooibos. Memories of lazing in the Tuscan sun.
Luxury Ingredients: Rooibos, Apple + Pear pieces, Natural flavors (Organic Compliant).
Small Batch Blended and Packed in: Canada
Tea(s) From: South Africa / Turkey / China
Region(s): Cederberg / Anatolya / Shandong
Antioxidant Level: Medium
Caffeine Content: None - Caffeine Free Herb
Tuscany Pear
- I'm a product detail. I'm a great place to add more information about your product such as sizing, material, care and cleaning instructions. This is also a great space to write what makes this product special and how your customers can benefit from this item.


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Listing agent Brian Goodwin of Orlando Realty & Property Mgmt was able to help his clients outsell their entire neighborhood, beating the neighborhood average of $261,140 by more than $60,000! This property outsold it's "Zestimate" by $ 18,900!
For more information on how to get the most value out of the sale of a solar home, check out our Real Estate Resources.
This home was sold by:
Brian Goodwin of Orlando Realty and Property Management


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Home › Forums › Decaffeinated Coffee › Happy Birthday!
- This topic has 6 replies, 6 voices, and was last updated 7 years, 11 months ago by Mashiach Agent.
February 26, 2009 10:08 pm at 10:08 pm #589507aziParticipant
YAY!! It't my birthday today. You can wish me a happy birthday even though you don't know me. (I dont expect a single post here).
March 10, 2016 11:01 pm at 11:01 pm #1142141This name is already takenParticipantseeing as you haven't got a happy birthday for 7 years
Happy birthday
Happy birthday
Happy birthday
Happy birthday
Happy birthday
Happy birthday
Happy birthday
March 10, 2016 11:15 pm at 11:15 pm #1142142screwdriverdelightParticipantI know you, and that's precisely why I'm not wishing you a happy birthday.
March 13, 2016 6:15 am at 6:15 am #1142143nfgo3MemberWhen Trump is president, we will all be saying Happy Birthday, and it will be great.
March 13, 2016 10:28 pm at 10:28 pm #1142144Mashiach AgentMemberi wish you happy birthdays & write to you words of chizzuk special for a persons birthday.
What can we learn from Birthday's? Why did Hashem invent a day to celebrate a persons birth? There's nothing wrong or goyish with having a birthday cake or party. The lesson we can learn is, that last year on this day i was 39, today i became 40. A complete year has just gone by. What have i accomplished during this time? Was my time spent wisely? (Wisely does not need to mean Learning & Davening etc.., going shopping & spending family quality time is also considered time spent wisely & actually very important to raise a happy & healthy family) Can I actually face Hashem now & say truthfully that I spent this past year wisely? Maybe we can learn that every minute counts & is so precious & now another full year is gone forever.
March 14, 2016 5:19 pm at 5:19 pm #1142145MenoParticipant^ How do we learn all that from a birthday?
March 14, 2016 8:21 pm at 8:21 pm #1142146Mashiach AgentMembertheres only 1 lesson in the entire paragraph above. don't take life for granted & let it be wasted C"V. U'Vacharta b'chaim you should choose life.
I don't know about everyone else here, how often we think about our life, most people make an account of their life once a year-before Yom Kippur- Tzaddikim make an account once a month-before Yom kippur Kotton. I know a person that makes a account of his life almost everyday of his life. He told me this is the final last thing he thinks about almost every night AFTER saying Krias Shma al Hamita he makes an account thinking did i learn today, daven, give tzedaka, help another yid etc… is Hashem going to say to his Malachim i have Charata (pity) i gave this yid an extra day to live. How precious life is. Hashem doesn't just say this yid will live to 98 this one to 108 & this one to 110, every day & hour is a gift from Hashem, U'vacharta B'chaim-you should choose life-lets learn this now while we are still young.
This is the only lesson i realized that takes us a life time to learn (we never learn it ) although it gets revealed to us so many times each year. HOW LIFE GOES BY IN AN INSTANT. One second, father just made ????? from ??? & Mother is already lighting the candles, something is wrong here something has to be wrong 6 days just flew by .this is how every year goes by we go from ????? & Before you know it its time to order ????? ???? for ????? Then its exactly 30 days to ??? we then count exactly 7 weeks until ?????? then its exactly 4 weeks until ???? ??? ????? then comes the 3 weeks & then 3 weeks of summer & Before you know it its time to blow the ???? already YES A YEAR JUST FLEW BY & IS GONE FOREVER.
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Daily Rituals Women at Work
Mason Currey
'That word, "vacation," makes me sweat.' Coco Chanel on taking a break
'You must do it irregardless, or it will eat its way out of you.' Zora Neale Hurston on writing
'One has to choose between the Life and the Project.' Susan Sontag on choosing art
From Vanessa Bell and Charlotte Brontë to Nina Simone and Jane Campion, here are over one hundred and forty female writers, painters, musicians, sculptors, poets, choreographers, and filmmakers on how they create and work.
Barbara Hepworth sculpted outdoors and Janet Frame wore earmuffs as she worked to block out noise. Kate Chopin wrote with her six children 'swarming around her' whereas the artist Rosa Bonheur filled her bedroom with the sixty birds that inspired her work. Louisa May Alcott wrote so vigorously – skipping sleep and meals – that she had to learn to write with her left hand to give her cramped right hand a break.
From Isak Dinesen subsisting on oysters, champagne and amphetamines, to Isabel Allende's insistence that she begins each new book on 8 January, here are the working routines of over 140 brilliant female painters, composers, sculptors, writers, filmmakers and performers.
Filled with details of the large and small choices these women made, Mason Currey's Daily Rituals Women at Work is a source of fascination and inspiration.
'An admirably succinct portrait of some distinctly uncommon lives' - Meryle Secrest
Utterly fascinating . . . This book is the ultimate retort to the flaneurs who dream about the novel/screenplay/painting they would create if only they had the timeDaisy Goodwin, Sunday Times on Daily Rituals: How Great Minds Make Time, Find Inspiration and Get to Work
I just can't recommend this book enoughLena Dunham on Daily Rituals: How Great Minds Make Time, Find Inspiration and Get to Work
A trove of entertaining anecdote and thought-provoking comparisonDaily Telegraph, on Daily Rituals: How Great Minds Make Time, Find Inspiration and Get to Work


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The Coronavirus outbreak has presented two types of pandemics. One is the virus itself, and the second is a rise in mental illness as well as domestic abuse. This is definitely one of the darkest times to be remembered. And it is difficult to stay positive when all you are surrounded by is doom and gloom.
5 Ways To Stay Positive During Dark Times
Good news, though. There are tips on staying positive during this difficult time, and others that will be inevitable in the future.
1. Do Some Meditation
Deep breathing and meditation are highly important to do at this time as it will help clear your mind of the clutter that is taking it up. You will find that you overall feel better regardless of what is going on around you.
2. Get In Touch With Nature
Being stuck indoors can be difficult to handle. And just because you might be mandated to stay home does not mean you can't go for walks in your neighborhood (unless you have the virus). Go for walks, get in touch with nature, and bring your mask along in case you run into anyone. The fresh air will do you a lot of good.
3. Limit The News That You Watch
The media can put a huge damper on your overall wellbeing and health. It is best to limit it and even to not scroll along with social media sites as there will be a lot of COVID-19 news that will only make you feel worse. Just stay updated with the situation in your particular area and leave it at that. Everything else about it is not relevant unless it has to do with news about any medical advances they are working on. That provides hope.
4. Get In Touch With Others
You may not be able to see people in person right now unless you stay 6 feet apart. But technology has made it possible for you to stay in touch with friends, family, and anyone else important. Take advantage of that. Talk to a therapist or coach as well if you need to do so.
5. Remind Yourself That This Is Temporary
Whenever anyone is going through a challenging time, they lose sight of the fact that any challenge they are facing is temporary. COVID-19 is also temporary even though the challenge will continue for a while, even once this wave does dissipate. But it will not be forever. You will be able to travel again, go to concerts again, go to celebrations again, and so on. Nothing lasts forever, even the Coronavirus.
This is a difficult time and this is a time where many people have struggled, but with these tips to stay positive, you will be able to get through it. And you will come out stronger on the other side.


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Guatemala's President Alvaro Colom has ordered the release of military archives from the country's brutal 1962-1996 civil war. "We are going to make public all military archives…so the truth can be known, and so that once and for all we can build on truth and justice," Colom said. The move was praised by victims' survivors, who had urged the move to help determine the whereabouts of killed or "disappeared" kin. The documents will be reviewed by a panel to decide which should be declassified under a constitutional requirement that state material be made public unless release would compromise national security.
Some 80 to 90 percent of the killings committed during the war were carried out by the army and security forces, a UN-backed truth commission found. Many of the victims were indigenous Maya. Colom himself lost his uncle, politician Manuel Colom Argueta, in a 1979 army ambush. However, the truth commission, which compiled thousands of interviews with victims, did not have access to the military files and named no army officials. Lawyers for the army have attempted to block release of the archives. (AlJazeera, Feb. 26)
German Chupina, a former Guatemalan national police director wanted in Spain for crimes against humanity, died Feb. 17 at the age of 86. Chupina, police director from 1978 to 1982, was arrested in November 2006 after Guatemalan Nobel Peace Laureate Rigoberta Menchú levied charges of genocide, torture and state terror in a Spanish court against him and seven other ex-military and ex-government officials. Human rights groups said Chupina was behind a 1980 fire at the protester-occupied Spanish embassy that killed more than 30 people, including Menchú's father. After his arrest, Chupina was held for more than a year at a medical clinic. He was released after Guatemala's constitutional court ruled in December that Spain had no jurisdiction in the case. (AP, Feb. 17)
Guatemala has established a National Reparations Program (PNR) to indemnify victims and survivors of the armed conflict, as recommended by the truth commission. But Raúl Nágera of the National Union of Communities for Integral Human Rights (UNACODI) protests that the PNR's budget has been administered by other agencies, and "reparations for the victims have not been made." (IPS, Feb. 25)
Meanwhile, nearly 8,000 pages of documents covering the tenure of Allen Dulles, the CIA's longest-serving director, are now available online through the Princeton University website. The documents, declassified last year, were turned over to the university, where Dulles graduated in 1914, by the CIA. Some of the documents concern the CIA-sponsored 1954 coup in Guatemala, which ushered in more than 30 years of military rule. (Daily Princetonian, Feb. 5)
See our last post on Guatemala.