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4400 Massachusetts Avenue NW Washington, DC 20016 United StatesIt is not surprising that food—something so universal yet so individual and culturally specific—would have a place in foreign policy. In this episode, SIS professor Johanna Mendelson Forman joins Big World to discuss culinary diplomacy, gastrodiplomacy, and conflict cuisine.
Professor Mendelson Forman shares how governments use food as a tool for soft power (1:38) and explains the difference between culinary diplomacy and gastrodiplomacy (4:46). She also discusses the connection between food and war—what she calls conflict cuisine (6:40).
Why is conflict cuisine a unique part of DC's culinary scene (10:46)? How does Professor Mendelson Forman use food and visits to local restaurants to teach students about war and peace, diplomacy, and conflict resolution (12:43)? She answers these questions and explains what has changed in DC's conflict cuisines over the last five years (15:03).
Finally, Professor Mendelson Forman examines the possible impact of COVID-19 on family or chef-owned global cuisine restaurants (17:05) and discusses the important role social gastronomy, or the use of food to do good, is playing during the coronavirus pandemic (18:48).
During our "Take Five" segment, Professor Mendelson Forman tells us the five ways she'd like to see people use food as a tool for activism and social change (9:39).
0:07 Kay Summers: From the School of International Service at American University in Washington, this is Big World, where we talk about something in the world that really matters. There are vanishingly few truly universal experiences. One of the most basic of these is eating. We all do it, and we all have really specific ideas about the best food, the tastiest food, the healthiest food, and the guilty pleasures. We also all have cultural associations with how to eat and where to eat, and with whom to eat. It is not surprising that something so universal, yet so individual and culturally specific, would have a place in foreign policy. Today, we're talking about food, but maybe not the way you think. We're discussing culinary diplomacy, gastrodiplomacy, and conflict cuisine.
0:54 KS: I'm Kay Summers, and I'm joined by Johanna Mendelson Forman. Johanna is a professor here at the School of International Service, and a distinguished fellow at the Stimson Center, where she heads the Food Security Program. She is an expert and a thought leader about the nexus of food, war, and civic engagement. Johanna, thank you for joining Big World.
1:14 Johanna Mendelson Forman: Thank you, Kay.
1:15 KS: Johanna, some listeners may not think of food as an important part of international affairs, but we know that a big part of foreign policy is the ability to wield soft power, where a country can persuade others to do what it wants without force or coercion, so just to get us started, how do governments use food as a tool for soft power?
1:38 JMF: Well, even before the term "soft power" became part of the international relations vocabulary, culinary diplomacy has been one of the most important diplomatic tools that nations have, and this goes back to ancient times when the Romans were conquering empires for themselves and countries, they even served the losers dinners to win them over, but soft power is really everything short of force, but used for persuasion.
2:07 JMF: Culinary diplomacy, modern culinary diplomacy, the French claim to have started, that is debated by many other countries. But in fact, using the palate, using the way people perceive food, showing the luxury of food, the variety of food, also has a power of persuasion, and the French... Of course, the French court was known for this, but it wasn't the only place that used food this way, it was used throughout Europe, it was used at the Congress of Vienna when they were making the peace in beginning of the 19th century. In fact, the French brought the famous chef Careme to help persuade Nesselrode, the Russian delegate, that he could in fact be persuaded by what is now known and you eat as Nesselrode pie, by offering extravagant desserts and using that as a sweetener.
3:09 JMF: The other thing that's very interesting is that culinary diplomacy was used during the Second World War among the Allies, and many of these famous conferences, from Yalta to Potsdam to Adana, that were attended by President Roosevelt and Stalin and by Winston Churchill, were actually feasts, they were dinners, and the reason it was thought that they used this method was that food became the equalizer in many ways among the Allies, even though everybody had their own agenda. These elaborate meals were so carefully curated in the different countries, and they were also military logistical operations, because you can imagine during World War II, with submarines that were floating around with weapons, the Germans had lots of submarines, that they would have to try and get food to different locations very carefully, so it became both a military operation and a dining experience.
4:11 JMF: And then finally, culinary diplomacy as we know it today, all one has to do is think about state dinners at the White House. These are important tools that our nation uses to show the bounty of our country's agriculture, and they became more and more important, particularly from the time of President Kennedy, when Jacqueline Kennedy, as first lady, hired a French chef to execute them.
4:39 KS: What is culinary diplomacy, and what is gastrodiplomacy, and what are the differences?
4:46 JMF: Well, the term "gastrodiplomacy" is a relatively new term in the food diplomacy vocabulary, but just as we have state-run diplomacy with food, culinary diplomacy, so we have citizen-run diplomacy around food, which we call under the broad umbrella gastrodiplomacy. So what is the difference between the two? Well, let me give you an example. A food truck is an example of gastrodiplomacy. Many of us who live in cities around this country know that there are food trucks for every nationality serving those cuisines.
5:23 JMF: Gastrodiplomacy is also a way of promoting tourism. Many countries seek to brand themselves as food destinations. That's a little hard to do as we live through a COVID pandemic, but still, the use of food as a way of promoting a brand is very important in the private sector's effort to promote food tourism, which is a very big and important part of the hospitality industry.
5:53 JMF: And finally, let me just add one thing about gastrodiplomacy. Private citizens who are involved in food in neighborhoods, in communities, use their food to introduce people who are not familiar with their country with a different cuisine, because we all learn about places that we can't visit through our palates, and that's always been important in our country, and in other countries too.
6:19 KS: Absolutely. So Johanna, food can be used as a diplomatic tool, as you've said, and it can help foster cultural understanding among countries and people within those countries, but unfortunately it's also a weapon of war, so what is the connection between food and war, or to use your term, what is conflict cuisine?
6:40 JMF: Well, that is one of the saddest parts of the story of food, and it's not only a new phenomenon, but the cheapest weapon of war in the 21st century is food, and one only has to look at famines that have been inflicted by man-made efforts. So if you look at what's happening, for example, in Yemen, which has a tremendously horrible conflict that has led to starvation of millions of people, the government and the two factions fighting are withholding the delivery of food, causing child malnutrition and hunger. If we remember what's going on in Syria, at the beginning, those people who were not supportive of the Assad government were denied food by having the troops close off their villages.
7:33 JMF: The use of food as a weapon of war is a violation of international law. This is clear from the Geneva Conventions, which date back of course to the late 19th century, but moreover it is a powerful ability of a state to control a population, and it's not only a state that can control a population. In many countries where we see non-state actors fighting, one of the first things that people do when they come into a community, if they're trying to suppress it, is to steal food, or to withhold it.
8:10 KS: This is a fairly ancient tactic. I mean, this goes back to castles and forts being under siege when the goal was just to starve out the enemy, so this is one of the more ancient forms of conflict, and using it against people who maybe aren't even involved in the conflict.
8:27 JMF: Exactly, and we know from the post-Cold War period that many of these modern internal conflicts were very much disasters when it came to the access to food supply, because if you're in conflict, you can't farm, you can't reap your land, and people who can't farm and reap their land, what do they do? They move, they become migrants. So just as we have the phenomena of climate migration which is going on, we also have migration because food supply is disrupted, and one of the first things you do when you are working in reconstruction of countries, and this is something I worked on for many years at the US Government Office of Transition Initiative, is you try to rebuild the food supplies and give people access to the ability to have something to eat.
9:25 KS: Johanna Mendelson Forman, it's time to Take Five. This is when you, our guest, get to wave a wand and change the world. Specifically, what are the five ways you'd like to see people use food as a tool for activism and social change?
9:39 JMF: First, I'd like to see more women empowered in the community to use their skills in the kitchen for social change. I'd like to see more groups of students coming around the table, because the table is a neutral ground from which we can discuss hard issues, and the table is a new form of secularism. I'd like to see in our community greater engagement of students with the food deserts, and working with those communities to help them educate about food waste, which is very important. And I'd also like to see, on a global level, a greater recognition of the connection between food and climate change.
10:23 KS: Awesome, thank you, that was quite a list.
10:26 KS: Johanna, I said at the outset that you are a thought leader, and to that end, you've created a course that is taught at SIS called Conflict Cuisine: An Introduction to War and Peace Around the Dinner Table. Within that course, how do you use food to teach students about war and peace, diplomacy, and conflict resolution?
10:46 JMF: The course really evolved from my own interest in teaching about how countries come out of war, but one of the blinding flashes of the obvious that comes to people when they're thinking about these issues is that Washington, DC, is a mecca for people who have left conflict countries, and in fact there was a congressman named Wyche Fowler, who eventually became a senator from Georgia, who used to say, "You can always tell where America is at war in Washington by looking at the new restaurants that open."
11:18 JMF: And it may sound funny at this point, but he was really right, that after the Second World War, the United States was still involved in many conflicts, the biggest of course was the Vietnam War, and in 1975 when that war ended, the South Vietnamese who came to the United States and were helped by the US government settled in many parts of the country, but particularly in northern Virginia. So we began to see a proliferation of Vietnamese markets and Vietnamese food vendors, and that was followed by other conflicts.
11:55 JMF: In Afghanistan, if you remember, there was a terrible Soviet invasion in 1979, and we began to see Afghan refugees, and that was another conflict that we saw food in. And of course, if we fast-forward, Washington, DC, has the second-largest population of Ethiopians outside of Addis Ababa, because there was a conflict in Ethiopia when the communists took over there, and in the '80s we saw a large volume of Ethiopians coming to our community. And of course, the Central American wars, the last part of the Cold War, were fought not only as proxy wars in that region, but it was also a force for diasporas coming to Washington, so we have large numbers of El Salvadoreans, Guatemalans, and Nicaraguans.
12:43 JMF: So this really changed the face of food, and how it related to my course was very simple. The people who had come from these countries could tell stories, and stories are very powerful in educating people. How did the conflict impact them, what did they take with them? Many of them only came with their recipe books, or recipes in their heads. How did coming to a new community like Washington, DC, affect their ability to educate people about conflict? Now, I use a strange technique, I actually have students go to restaurants and meet with the owners of these restaurants, and that is something that I think is very important.
13:26 KS: That is, to me, I think the most interesting-sounding part of your class, certainly the one that a lot of people would say, "Wow, I'd like to do that." So you actually take the students out to restaurants, they get to talk to the chef owners-
13:39 JMF: And they get a meal, they get a meal, and I'll tell you, that is probably the highlight, but it's really something that many of these students who come to Washington from all different areas and come to American U, have not tasted an Ethiopian injera, they haven't had a pupusa, they haven't had a banh mi from Vietnamese community, and we also go... For example, we have a very large Vietnamese food center called the Eden Center, and I always do a tour of the Eden Center so the students can go to the markets, and then they wind up meeting some of the vendors and learning about things that they didn't know before, and all of this is a lesson in how your palate can actually be the first entry point into food and a country's history. And of course, there's serious work, they have to write a paper and pick a country I haven't chosen, because we have many other conflicts in the world of which we have residents in Washington.
14:39 KS: Yeah, and you mention some of the countries that we've grown accustomed to seeing here in the DC area, Vietnam, El Salvador, Ethiopia, all these different types of cuisine, that from Afghanistan. What would you say over the last five years has been different? What types of conflict cuisines have you seen in the area that are new?
15:03 JMF: Well, one of the things that evolved from conflict cuisine is a sense that food can be a means rather than an end to achieve a social impact, and what we're seeing, because sadly the refugees coming into the United States have been more limited, is we're seeing people from these communities working to call attention to the plight of their fellow citizens that live in other parts of the world.
15:35 JMF: What we've also seen is how, when there are new refugees, and we certainly have new people coming in, that the community, our students, for example, are working with them, not only to help them learn English or to help them get around the city, but they're also learning how that food becomes a medium of communication when you can't talk. Your hands become the tools of your business, you learn and watch people cook, and it helps break down barriers even when you don't speak someone's language.
16:08 KS: Right. Johanna, the last question that I have is kind of related to the situation that we're in right now. Restaurants have been decimated by the coronavirus pandemic and COVID-19, the most vulnerable restaurants in any economic downturn are always the single owner, standalone, chef-owned restaurants, and COVID-19 has added an additional layer of vulnerability for traditional sit-down restaurants because of social distancing requirements that have limited their capacity. So basically, we all know that McDonald's as a company's going to be just fine, although the employees may not be, but family or chef-owned global cuisine restaurants are having a really hard time, so my question is, do you think that the impact of COVID-19 will be short-term on these cultural ambassadors, or do you fear that we may be looking at a longer-term decimation of restaurant culture in the US?
17:05 JMF: Well, that's a big question, and I think that's the question that the restaurant industry itself is looking at, but I think that everything reinvents itself. After the Black Plague in Europe, we had the Renaissance, and an Italian medical historian pointed to the fact that people formed pods in communities and were able to reinvent and survive, so I'm optimistic that many of these people who are now struggling will come back in a different form or a different way.
17:42 JMF: Washington has a tremendous resilience, and one of the examples I'll give you is... Well, I'll give you two examples. One is a restaurant that opened called Immigrant Foods right near the White House, and that group of people started using different immigrant cuisines to educate people, socially distanced, outside, about the cuisines of immigrants, but also ways to take action, so food and chefs and cooks have become activists.
18:14 JMF: The other example is that in Baltimore, which is one of the cities nearby, and I may take the class there by video camera, is that a group of Syrian and Afghan and other refugees from the Middle East have formed a collective, and what have they been doing? Instead of cooking for the markets, they've been cooking for schools that have had their programs closed down, but yet poor schoolchildren still need a meal or two twice a day, so they've become food kitchens to supply poor and hungry families with food.
18:48 JMF: So within these terrible times, we've seen tremendous resiliency and the ability to restart programs, and that is something I have to get in here, which is called social gastronomy, and social gastronomy is the use of food to do good. Not to consume it alone, but to use it as the social vehicle, and we're seeing it all over Europe, we're seeing it all over the Middle East, we're seeing it in the United States, with the rise of all these restaurants or food kitchens or... That are being run to support refugees in these difficult times.
19:28 KS: I think if there's been one possible plus, in a way, to the coronavirus situation, it's been that it's exposed the level of food insecurity among Americans, and our schoolchildren in particular, in a way that people, I think, had been able to be willfully blind to, and seeing restaurants kind of pick up and stand in the gap there has been very heartwarming and encouraging, to see them try to fill in and make sure that kids who're at risk for food insecurity, and who are generally on government-funded lunch and breakfast, still get those meals.
20:06 JMF: Well, it's tremendously useful and important that the people who have these cooking skills are working to support people in times of crisis. Even in our own Washington area, there's a restaurant that's called Muchas Gracias, "Many thanks" in Spanish, and they've opened up using many of the people who were employed in these restaurants, and serving carry takeaway meals, but they're also creating an ability to support families who have lost their jobs. So it's not the perfect solution, but you hear about this every single day in cities around the United States.
20:43 JMF: And we're right at the end of World Food Day celebrations or observances, World Food Day was the 16th of October, and I think one of the interesting things about World Food Day is that the World Food Programme, the United Nations agency that supports food and feeding around the world, especially in conflict zones, received the Nobel Prize, and that also calls attention to two things. One is that food is very much a part of survival, but it's also a consequence of war, and that the World Food Programme, which is tasked with feeding people around the world who are hungry, is now feeding thousands and thousands of people a day, with a staff of 90,000 around the globe, and it is the only source that exists to help people.
21:35 JMF: So here in the United States where we have kitchens opening up, and chefs coming up and stepping up to this kind of work, gives you some hope that we'll be able to overcome what is a once-in-a-century experience, and if I have students, I'm going to do this all virtually in the spring, who come away understanding the power of food to resolve disputes, to create community activism, to create more inclusion and social change, we will have succeeded very much in creating what we need in food justice.
22:11 KS: Johanna Mendelson Forman, thank you for joining Big World and kind of taking us through how food is not just a universal need, it's a vector for social change, for diplomacy, for justice. It's been a treat to speak with you.
22:25 JMF: Thank you, Kay, for having me, and I look forward to talking further about this.
22:29 KS: Big World is a production of the School of International Service at American University. Our podcast is available on our website, on iTunes, Spotify, and wherever else you listen to podcasts. If you leave us a good rating or review, it'll be as great as your mom fixing both pumpkin pie and pecan pie for Thanksgiving. Our theme music is "It Was Just Cold" by Andrew Codeman. Until next time.
Johanna Mendelson-Forman,
adjunct professor, SIS
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Welcome to the farm, where we kick off our shoes on the front porch and sip sweet tea all summer long. In the winter we huddle up next to the woodstove with our favorite hot mug of something tasty. Down on the farm here you will find hand-crafted organic loose leaf teas, herbal medicine supplies and some other hand-crafted artisan goodness for the tummy and skin. Thanks for visiting us down on the farm.
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AEW Sets Record With Grand Slam
Last night's Dynamite Grand Slam special was an action-packed show. We got to see a dream match come true with The American Dragon Bryan Danielson go head to head with AEW Champion Kenny Omega. The match went the distance and would end in a draw but surely lived up to the hype. As we reported yesterday AEW was on pace to have 20k fans in attendance. well, they definitely did that plus.
During Wrestling Observer Radio, Dave Meltzer discussed the AEW Grand Slam event. He noted how it broke a company attendance record, but it also saw them capture a spot on another impressive list.
"The gate would have been the third largest non-WWE gate in the history of pro wrestling in the United States. Attendance-wise it's the biggest for a non-WWE event since 1999."
It was noted that this was the first wrestling event held at Artur Ashe Stadium and AEW exceeded expectations. We will have to see how and if AEW will be able to top this show because every time it looks like the company has reached its ceiling, they always find a way to top themselves.
Check out our official store at PRO WRESTLING TEES, show us your support, and buy a shirt. You can visit our store by clicking here.
Make sure to follow us on Twitter @BodySlamNet and on Instagram @BodySlamDotNet
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Inside IV: Munger Hall Campus – Community Forum
Happening June 1: "Munger Hall: Student and Public Response Panels." Organizers say this event, at UCSB's Campbell Hall, will provide an opportunity for diverse stakeholders to participate in a forum on the controversial proposed University of California Santa Barbara's (UCSB) Munger Hall student housing project.
KCSB's Jennifer Yoshikoshi spoke with student organizers: Megan Musolf, Maritza Vasquez and Matthew Winter, about what is planned for this evening's event – which is free and open to the community.
Follow KCSB News on SoundCloud and Twitter to stay updated on local community-led news.


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The Night of the Generals
Brief Synopsis
Cast & Crew
Anatole Litvak
Peter O'toole
Omar Sharif
Tom Courtenay
Donald Pleasence
Joanna Pettet
Film Details
Technical Specs
A prostitute, who is also a German agent, is brutally murdered in Warsaw in 1942, and Major Grau of German Intelligence investigates three top-ranking Nazi generals: Kahlenberge, Seidlitz-Gabler, and Tanz, a ruthless sadist. Major Grau's persistence in bringing to justice one murderer during wartime irritates the High Command, and he is transferred. Two years later, the three generals and Grau are all present in Paris when the pathological Tanz murders a second prostitute. Aware that Grau is still on his trail, Tanz blames the crime on Hartmann, his orderly, who is having an affair with Seidlitz-Gabler's daughter Ulrike. After fleeing from Paris, Tanz uses the failure of the 1944 plot to assassinate Hitler as an excuse for killing Grau and naming him as one of the traitors involved in the plot. Years later, after his imprisonment as a war criminal, Tanz arrives in Hamburg for a neo-Nazi rally. He is confronted by Inspector Morand of the French police who, during the war, helped Grau with his investigation. Morand produces Hartmann, who identifies Tanz as the murderer of the Parisian prostitute. Faced with inevitable disgrace and humiliation Tanz kills himself.
Anatole Litvak
Peter O'toole
Omar Sharif
Tom Courtenay
Donald Pleasence
Joanna Pettet
Philippe Noiret
Charles Gray
Coral Browne
John Gregson
Nigel Stock
Christopher Plummer
Juliette Gréco
Yves Brainville
Sacha Pitoëff
Charles Millot
Raymond Gérôme
Véronique Vendell
Pierre Mondy
Eléonore Hirt
Nicole Courcel
Jenny Orléans
Gérard Buhr
Michael Goodliffe
Gordon Jackson
Patrick Allen
Harry Andrews
Dominique Amy
Maurice Barnathan
Ginou Billo
Marc Blanchard
Robert Brownjohn
Auguste Capelier
Margot Capelier
Jacques Carrère
Henri Decaë
Paul Dehn
Paul Dehn
Rosine Delamare
Maurice Jarre
Willy Kemplen
Joseph Kessel
Lucien Lippens
Ted Mason
Charles-henry Montel
New Philharmonia Orchestra
Alan Osbiston
Jean-pierre Perier
Tom Pevsner
J. Claude Philippe
A. G. Scott
William Sivel
Maude Spector
Sam Spiegel
Alexander Trauner
Louis Wipf
Jean Zay
Alice Ziller
Zjednoczone Zespoly Realizatorow Filmowych Groupe Studios
Movie Clip
Film Details
Technical Specs
The Night of the Generals
Based on a best-selling novel by Hans Hellmut Kirst along with some plot elements taken from James Hadley Chase's book The Wary Transgressor, The Night of the Generals would boast a major international cast, reuniting Peter O'Toole and Omar Sharif from Lawrence of Arabia in the key roles, plus Tom Courtenay, Christopher Plummer, Donald Pleasence, Joanna Pettet, Philippe Noiret and French chanteuse Juliette Greco in a brief cafe scene. The story is set in Warsaw in 1942 and opens with the brutal murder of a prostitute who was also a secret German agent. Heading the investigation, Major Grau (Sharif) of German Intelligence focuses on three prime suspects - General Kahlenberg (Pleasence), General von Seidlitz-Gabler (Charles Gray) and General Tanz (O'Toole). Unfortunately, Grau's persistence on capturing the killer of what seems an insignificant murder victim eventually frustrates the High Command and he is transferred. Two years later, Grau is in Paris when another prostitute is murdered and strangely enough, all three of the original suspects are also in the city. Which one is the killer? But more importantly, are these murders related to a bigger conspiracy such as a plot to assassinate Hitler? The novel which critiques the morality and behavior of the Nazi elite in the guise of a psychological whodunit had a personal connection for Spiegel. He had fled Berlin in 1933 when Hitler came to power and General Tanz represented the mentality that had forced Spiegel to emigrate to the U.S.
The direction of The Night of the Generals was entrusted to Anatole Litvak, one of an older generation of European directors still working in Hollywood along with Billy Wilder and William Wyler. Litvak had scored several critical and commercial hits during his career - Mayerling (1936),Sorry, Wrong Number (1948), The Snake Pit (1948) - but it had been more than ten years since he had enjoyed a similar success with Anastasia in 1956. Hollywood insiders were curious as to why Spiegel chose Litvak to helm The Night of the Generals when there were so many dynamic young directors emerging on the scene. But despite the fact that Spiegel and Litvak were old friends, the real reason is that Litvak owned the rights to the book and wouldn't relinquish them unless he was allowed to co-produce and direct.
To adapt the novel for the screen, Spiegel tried out three different screenwriters - Robert Anderson, Paul Dehn, and Gore Vidal - and before he was finished he had added a fourth, novelist Joseph Kessel (Belle de Jour), who along with Dehn, were the only ones to receive a screen credit. The selection of the technical crew equally reflected Spiegel's determination to hire the best in the business - Oscar-winning production designer Alexandre Trauner (The Apartment, 1960), music composer Maurice Jarre (who had scored Lawrence of Arabia and Doctor Zhivago, 1965) and French cinematographer Henri Decae (The 400 Blows, 1959), who shot the movie on locations in Warsaw, Paris and Hamburg, Germany.
Initially Dirk Bogarde had been considered for the role of Major Grau but Spiegel eventually offered it to Omar Sharif who had become an international celebrity after his two epics for David Lean. According to author Natasha Fraser-Cavassoni in her biography Sam Spiegel, Sharif had at first, "resisted the role. His lawyer had written to Horizon Pictures that not only would it be "injurious to his career," but that playing a Nazi officer was going against his "political and moral beliefs." He finally agreed when he heard that O'Toole was part of the cast. However, there was a growing resentment from both men toward Spiegel. They had become major film stars, but were being paid ridiculously low salaries because of the "slave contracts" and the film option agreements that they signed when they made Lawrence of Arabia. As a result, Sharif was officially getting 7,500 pounds ($19,086.75) and O'Toole was getting 15,000 pounds ($38,175). This was in comparison to Donald Pleasence, a well-known character actor, who was playing a lesser role in the film, but was being paid $80,000."
O'Toole was in the process of completing How to Steal a Million (1966) with Audrey Hepburn in Paris at the same time as he was filming The Night of the Generals. Since the two sets were not far apart, logistics were not a problem but some say O'Toole was already so deeply into his character as the sadistic, cold-blooded Tanz that it was affecting his final scenes with Hepburn in the William Wyler romantic comedy. O'Toole's behavior on and off the set also didn't match his reputation as a hellraiser. For the most part, he stayed aloof from everyone except his makeup artist, his stuntman and his assistant. And in one instance, he received permission to leave the production for a bicentenary celebration at the Bristol Old Vic (his alma mater) but was so late in returning to the set that an entire day of shooting was lost, costing Spiegel and Columbia a lot of money. Realizing his mistake, however, he gathered the entire cast and crew together and apologized to them, which was not something a star of his caliber would normally do.
For Omar Sharif, The Night of the Generals proved to be a most unpleasant experience due to the character he was playing. "It was January," he recalled in his autobiography. "We were shooting in the streets of Warsaw. It was bitter cold. Between shots I walked into a little cafe, wearing my costume. I'd just wanted a cup of coffee and hadn't even thought about the uniform. I looked around and what did I see? Panic-stricken faces, people with tears welling up in their eyes." I'm no German!" I yelled quickly. "I'm making an American movie. I'm an American." I even usurped a nationality to help reassure them. Nobody said a word. The barman refused to serve me. I suddenly understood the incongruity of that German uniform in a peaceful neighborhood cafe. I sensed the sadness that it inspired. I went out in dismay....Twenty-two years had elapsed without mitigating the pain and horror. On that day I learned that time can't make people forget."
As for Spiegel, he was micromanaging the film to such a degree that he was alienating everyone. According to Gore Vidal, "Sam was constantly insulting Tola [Anatole Litvak]...'If you can't direct, you should quit, you know.' He would say stuff like that in front of the crew. It was unforgivable. And the way Tola would take it: he had a spray for his asthma and he would spray into his mouth." Gore is also convinced that O'Toole's anger at Spiegel resulted in the actor sabotaging the movie through his performance. "When I saw the film I realized that he had killed it, absolutely, with a shot through the heart...He comes on insane, there's no development; and you know he's the murderer from the first moment you see him...He is so mad in his first scene that he has no place to go except stay insane all the way through the picture, and this was all resentment at Sam."
When The Night of the Generals was released, most critics mirrored Gore's opinion of the film. Time magazine called it "a murky mystery story of Nazi Germany...As the villain, Peter O'Toole exhibits the now celebrated twitching upper lip and glazed stare that some viewers have seen once or twice too often..." Judith Crist of the N.Y. World Journal Tribune dismissed it as "a slow-paced and pedestrian film that dissipates its promise early on and carefully sidesteps the issues it raises." And Bosley Crowther of The New York Times wrote "I wish it were more sophisticated and articulate about the crime of war, not just about the idiosyncrasies of a Nazi general who likes to kill prostitutes." However, there were some positive reviews as well with Hollis Alpert of the Saturday Review proclaiming it "a handsome film...a more logical, understanding, and historically aware example of the thriller genre than we are accustomed to seeing."
Critical reviews aside, The Night of the Generals was not a hit with audiences. In fact, it was a bona fide box office disaster and most of the blame was due to Spiegel whose desire for total control had ruined the collaborative creative process. Vidal later told him, "Sam, you know for all your passion for meddling on the script, if ever there was a time when you as a producer were needed, it was during the shooting to watch the rushes. You should have done that every day and kept track of Tola."
Spiegel's glory days were truly behind him now. After Lawrence of Arabia in 1962, he produced a string of box office failures - The Chase, The Night of the Generals, The Happening (1967). Even his comeback film, the historical epic Nicholas and Alexandra (1971) was a disappointment in relation to its costs. He finished out his career with another box office bomb The Last Tycoon (1976) and his final film Betrayal (1983), a critically acclaimed film version of a Harold Pinter play that was small in scale and a modest art house success. It was the exact opposite of the type of high profile film Spiegel had built his career on.
Producer: Anatole Litvak, Sam Spiegel
Director: Anatole Litvak
Screenplay: Paul Dehn, John Kessel, Hans Hellmut Kirst (novel)
Cinematography: Henri Decae
Film Editing: Alan Osbiston
Art Direction: Auguste Capelier
Production Design: Alexandre Trauner
Music: Maurice Jarre
Cast: Peter O'Toole (General Tanz), Omar Sharif (Major Grau), Tom Courtenay (Lance Cpl. Kurt Hartmann), Donald Pleasence (Maj. Gen. Kahlenberg), Joanna Pettet (Ulrike von Seydlitz-Gabler), Philippe Noiret (Insp. Morand).
C-148m. Letterboxed.
by Jeff Stafford
Peter O'Toole by Michael Freedland
The Eternal Male by Omar Sharif
Sam Spiegel by Natasha Fraser-Cavassoni
Spiegel: The Man Behind the Picture by Andrew Sinclair
The Night of the Generals
But, murder is the occupation of Generals.- Inspector Morand
Then let us say what is admirable on the large scale is monstrous on the small. Since we must give medals to mass murderers, why not give justice to the small... entrepreneur.- Major Grau
It's like the natural functions. Revolting, but inevitable.- General Tanz
Location scenes filmed in Warsaw and Paris. Released in Great Britain in 1967; in France in April 1967 as La nuit des généraux; running time: 140 min.
Miscellaneous Notes
Released in United States Winter January 1, 1967
Released in United States Winter January 1, 1967


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How many people, even Christian people, live in fear these days! They consider how we have gone from atom bombs to hydrogen bombs to nitrogen bombs, with megatons of explosive power. They read about all the deadly weapons being perfected by countries all over the world, and they fear that frightful destruction may at any time overtake them.
It does indeed appear that this world is headed toward the prophesied destruction, but true believers should understand that God has clearly predicted that He will recall His ambassadors before giving the world up in judgment. Paul, the apostle of grace, made it clear that no one can tell how long the dispensation of grace will last, but he did declare that this age would close with the coming of our Lord for His own.
"For the Lord Himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first:
"Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord.
"Wherefore comfort one another with these words" (I Thes. 4:16-18).
In the next chapter, we have the prediction of the pouring out of God's wrath on the world but the believer in Christ will escape this.
Thus Paul reminded the Thessalonians how they had "turned to God from idols to serve the living and true God; and to wait for His Son from heaven…" (I Thes. 1:9,10). Thus too he reminded the Philippians: "Our conversation [citizenship] is in heaven, from whence also we look for the Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ" (Phil. 3:20). And thus, finally, he instructed Titus to be looking for that blessed hope, and the appearing in glory of the great God and our Savior Jesus Christ" (Titus 2:13). source


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The Ahava Ketubah
Artist: TINAK
Material: Giclée (See All Material Options)
Text: See All Text Options
Size: 16" x 24" (other sizes available)
Price: $290.00 Guarantee: Full Refund Guarantee
Inspired by artist Robert Indiana's iconic Pop Art statue — long and deeply associated with Philadelphia — the Ahava Ketubah contains a classic retro flair with modern colors and a bold design. Similar to the famous sculpture in Israel, this Ketubah exhibits the word "love," or Ahava in Hebrew. The word Ahava is repeated in the back drop with the same vibrant tones, fading to white to beautifully bring out the Ketubah text.
With vibrant colors and romantic themes, this Ketubah is a beautiful blend of romance and tradition — the very heart of Ketubot art. The Ahava Ketubah is perfect for the couple that has a completely retro and eclectic style and are looking for something totally unique! This work of art will be a symbol of not just your individual style as a couple, but the unity and depth of your beliefs and love.
All Ketubah Artists are members of the Artist Direct program! What does this mean? This means that each artist personally designs, numbers, and sends the Ketubah to you him/herself!


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Join us for the Global Climate Strike
The world is facing a global climate crisis, and we need bolder, faster actions to address it. Join us during the Global Climate Strike this Friday, September 20, when countless students and businesses (and their employees) everywhere will march together and send a message that we want positive and immediate action to help remedy the climate emergency.
- We're closing our headquarters in Carpinteria and stores in Santa Barbara and Santa Monica for business so everyone can walk out and join the strike in their cities on September 20.
We're using our flagship stores in Santa Barbara (open 10-11am) and Santa Monica (open 9-5pm) as Action Centers where people can make signs and walk to nearby marches.
- For 24 hours, on September 20, cisurfboards.com will not take orders or make any sales worldwide. The site will instead re-direct to the Global Climate Strike website to help build awareness for the cause. All of our CI owned stores will not sell product that day.
Greta Thunberg is a 16-year-old climate and environmental activist who is leading the movement. Follow her on Instagram to stay informed.
Stand with us.


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(7 of 9)
The new generation pines for a romanticized past when the issues were clear and the troops were committed. "The kids of the 1960s had it easy," claims Gavin Orzame, 18, of Berrien Springs, Mich. "Back then they had a war and the civil rights movement. Now there are so many issues that it's hard to get one big rallying point." But because the '60s utopia never came, today's young adults view the era with a combination of reverie and revulsion. "What was so great about growing up then anyway?" says future physician Bruno. "The generation that had Vietnam and Watergate is going to be known for leaving us all their problems. They came out of Camelot and blew it."
Such views are revisionist, since the '60s were not easy, and the revolution did not end in utter failure. The twentysomething generation takes for granted many of the real goals of the '60s: civil rights, the antiwar movement, feminism and gay liberation. But those movements never coalesced into a unified crusade, which is something the twentysomethings hope will come along, break their lethargy and goad them into action. One major cause is the planet; 43% of the young adults in the TIME/CNN poll said they are "environmentally conscious." At the same time, some young people are joining the ranks of radical-action groups, including ACT UP, the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power, and Trans-Species Unlimited, the animal-rights group. These organizations have appeal because they focus their message, choose specific targets and use high- stakes pressure tactics like civil disobedience to get things accomplished quickly.
For a generation that has witnessed so much failure in the political system, such results-oriented activism seems much more valid and practical. Says Sean McNally, 20, who headed the Earth Day activities at Northwestern University: "A lot of us are afraid to take an intense stance and then leave it all behind like our parents did. We have to protect ourselves from burning out, from losing faith." Like McNally, the rest of the generation is doing what it can. Its members prefer activities that are small in scope: cleaning up a park over a weekend or teaching literacy to underprivileged children.
Young adults need role models and leaders, but the twentysomething generation has almost no one to look up to. While 58% of those in the TIME/CNN survey said their group has heroes, they failed to agree on any. Ronald Reagan was most often named, with only 8% of the vote, followed by Mikhail Gorbachev (7%), Jesse Jackson (6%) and George Bush (5%). Today's young generation finds no figures in the present who compare with such '60s-era heroes as John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King. "It seems there were all these great people in the '60s," says Kasi Davidson, 18, of Cody, Wyo. "Now there is nobody."
Today's potential leaders seem unable to maintain their stature. They have a way of either self-destructing or being decimated in the press, which trumpets their faults and foibles. "The media don't really give young people role models anymore," says Christina Chinn, 21, of Denver. "Now you get role models like Donald Trump and all of the moneymakers -- no one with real ideals."


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Here are six new lateral thinking puzzles — play along with us as we try to untangle some perplexing situations using yes-or-no questions.
In the 1850s, a $5 bill featuring Santa Claus was legal tender in the United States.
In 1910 DuPont suggested that "some farmers have a wrong idea about dynamite."
The sources for this week's puzzles are below. In a few places we've included links to further information — these contain spoilers, so don't click until you've listened to the episode:
Puzzle #1 is from listener Cody Scace.
Puzzle #2 is from listener Jay Graham.
Puzzle #3 is from Greg. Here are two links.
Puzzle #4 is from listener Paul Rippey.
Puzzle #5 is from listener Hanno Zulla, who sent these links.
Puzzle #6 is from Greg.
You can listen using the player above, download this episode directly, or subscribe on Google Podcasts, on Apple Podcasts, or via the RSS feed at https://futilitycloset.libsyn.com/rss.
Please consider becoming a patron of Futility Closet — you can choose the amount you want to pledge, and we've set up some rewards to help thank you for your support. You can also make a one-time donation on the Support Us page of the Futility Closet website.
Many thanks to Doug Ross for the music in this episode.
If you have any questions or comments you can reach us at email@example.com. Thanks for listening!


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Our certified organic minced beef is packed in 1-kilo bags. Produced in-house from Soil Association accredited Organic cuts of British beef. With mince being such a versatile product our Organic Minced beef is an even healthier alternative to our farm assured minced beef and perfect for use in Cottage pies, Lasagne, Spag bol, Burgers, Tacos, the list goes on . . .
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I've been having fun thinking of uses for various odds and ends I have lying around my craft room. Waste not, want not, or something like that… These cork coasters came from a stack that I was using for something else but the extra ones were begging to be put to good use. A little bit of paint and a half an hour of down time and voila! A lovely little set of coasters with cute sayings was born. Wouldn't these be fun to gift together with a really cute coffee mug and some unique coffee beans? I would be mighty pleased with that gift, that's for sure!
Materials (affiliate links used):
(Not pictured) clear varnish spray.
Directions: Use your pencil to lightly draw on the quote you want to paint. It'll be hard to see but if you shift your coaster a bit in the light you'll be able to find the line of the shiny graphite to follow when you start painting. If you are struggling with the writing part, search pinterest for some fun quotes or copy mine! There is no wrong way to do this. After you quote is drawn out, pour a bit of paint into a dish and add a drop or two of water with your paint brush. This will thin the paint *just* enough to make it glide a little bit more easily. You many have to use a few coats to cover the cork but I like how it gives you a nice chalkboard sort of look. So cute! When the white paint is dray, lay your coasters out on some newspaper outdoors and spray them with varnish. Let them dry completely and spray them again. You want them to have a nice waterproof seal. Once they're dry, that's it! They're ready for gifting.
It would be fun to make these using a shiny gold paint or to paint the cork black first! Have fun with it and see what you can come up with. One of the best parts is customizing the quotes to the person you are giving these to (or to yourself if you are making a set for keeps). It's always nice to see a cute quote with your cup o' joe (or glass of wine depending on time of day) right?!
Happy (almost) Friday, my dears.


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Northridge Vapes CBD Wholesale in Frye 04235 ME
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CBD products like CBD vape as well as CBD oil are 2 commonly used, easy as well as efficient method to deal with inflammation and also conditions caused by it in the body. These items when consumed not just minimize the severity of symptoms however also bring down the general inflammation in the body. CB1 receptors are present in the brain and CB2 receptors are present in the central worried system as well as throughout the body. CBD binds to this receptor and also advertises the typical performance of it in the body. This action not just decreases swelling, however also aids you stay healthy.
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Rental Application
Before you begin:
All applicants must read the SCREENING CRITERIA AND FEE DISCLOSURE page
Applying is easy Only 2 steps:
1- Print the following & FAX back to 949-966-0390
Rental Application
Rental Application
Bella Vista Property Management
Rental Application Checklist
2- Pay your Credit check fee using Zelle send $55 to 949-244-1880 Massey Kouhssari
Notice to the applying tenants:
1. All prospective tenants 18 years and up must fill out an application.
2. We will be running Credit, Criminal, and unlawful detainer (eviction) searches.
3. Prospect cannot have any evictions for the last 10 years. Although prepayment of rent might help. (If you are in a foreclosure proceeding, you may still qualify, please call first to discuss needed documentation.)
4. Bankruptcies OK (Must be discharged for 2 years)
5. Income Requirement A. Single family, (2.5+) times rent minimum; B. Apartments and luxury condos (2.5) times rent; C. Low cost apartments (2) times monthly rent
6. Income must be verifiable.
7. Must have a verifiable rental history of at least 2 years. (Foreclosures considered). You must inform us if you ever participated in a government stimulus Rental or mortgage forbearance.
8. Applications processed on a first come first approved basis. If you become approved, we can hold the unit for you with a valid hold deposit agreement.
9. Our Properties are Drug Free and Crime Free and Gun free.
10. We do not accept crimes against person or property.
11. Application fee is $55.00 per applicant (1 to 2 people)
12. If co-signer is required, they too must complete an application and will need a score of 700+
13. PET POLICY - Pets are considered and will require additional deposits. Some properties will not accept pets, see agent for more details on a specific property before applying. All pets must have a current valid License and photo. (Certain Breeds are not allowed as per insurance company list. Animals used to assist the disabled and handicapped are always welcome with proper documentation.)
Revised 11/20/2010
California Required Lead Disclosure
Califronia Dept. of Real Estate First Time Renter Guide
Credit Report fee Portal For Loan Applications & Rental Applications
Before we can process your application we must collect the mandatory credit report fee. The Credit Report Fee is $55.00 for up to 2 people. This fee is non-refundable. Do not pay rent, sects or good faith deposits using this page.
Pay your Credit report fee using Zelle send $55 to 949-244-1880 Massey Kouhssari
before proceeding with this application.
STOP!!! Please be sure to READ the SCREENING CRITERIA and FEE DISCLOSURES at the link below:
$55 APPLICATION FEE IS NON-REFUNDABLE - Per single person and/or a couple
We do business in accordance with Federal and California fair housing laws.
• We process our applications on a first come, first serve basis
• You must complete all fields on the application, attach all required documents and pay the application fee to be considered
• Each person over the age of 18 (adult) must submit a separate rental application
• A non-refundable $55.00 application fee per adult applicant will be charged
1. Copy of Driver's License or Government Issued ID
2. Photo's of all Pets
3. Personal bank statements for previous 2 months (must include ALL pages)
4. One of the following for Proof of Income:
a. If employed, copy of last 2 paycheck stubs containing year-to-date information
b. If just starting a job, a copy of your employment agreement or offer
c. If self-employed, a copy of prior two years tax returns and business bank statements for the previous 3 months (each document must include ALL pages).
d. If full-time student, a parent or legal guardian must complete online application as a guarantor.
e. If retired, copy of award letter from social security and/or copy of last 2 checks
1. INCOME VERIFICATION: Income must be verifiable through the documents you attach. We will contact your employer to verify your employment. You must provide your employer's contact information along with direct telephone number. It is best if you notify your employer that we will be contacting them so they can respond promptly.
2. RENTAL VERIFICATION: Your rental history will be verified through contact with your landlord(s). You must provide contact information including direct telephone number for your Landlords along with the dates of your tenancy for the previous 3 years. Rental history must be free of evictions, judgments, and unpaid rents. Mortgage payment history will be considered if you owned a home.
3. CREDIT VERIFICATION: We will obtain a report from a credit-reporting agency. Credit requirements are:
› Late payments of no more than 30 to 60 days will be accepted
› We will deny approval if bankruptcy or foreclosure has been filed within past 72 months
› Five or more unpaid collections (not related to medical expenses) will result in denial of the application
› Circumstances related to criminal convictions are evaluated on an individual basis
› Criminal backgrounds involving violent crimes, prostitution, domestic violence, the illegal possession of weapons, or the sale or manufacturing of illegal substances could be grounds for denial. Please provide as much detail as possible concerning such offenses.
› Please check the rental listing to see if pets are accepted
› A Pet Deposit is required for each animal
› A Pet Administration and Acceptance fee is required for each animal
› You are required to submit photos of each pet with your application
› Pet policies are strictly enforced. Any breach may be grounds for termination at the tenant's expense.
› Special consideration is given to Service Animals and medical documentation is required
› Certain breeds of dogs are not permitted by insurance companies. Please check the following link to see if your Pet is listed. If your Pet is on this list, you may be denied or be required to purchase additional insurance.
The Security Deposit Payment is required to be paid in full within 24 hours
of the lease being executed. The landlord or its agents reserve the right
to terminate the lease if the security deposit payment is not received
within 24 hours.


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The Mini Stash Light combines water-resistant, indestructible military-grade aluminum materials with end caps of a 4-mode LED Lantern and versatile VSSL Split Flip Carabiner. The LED Lantern illuminates for incredible 20 hours of continuous Lantern operation. Additionally, Aluminum Refill Tins in two sizes allow you to personalize your kit for easy access and organization purposes. Stash it, store it, find it. No matter what you stash or store, the Mini Stash Light is the compact, packable partner for any adventure.
Proposition 65 WARNING for California residents: click here.
Material: Military Grade Aluminum
Dimensions: 4.7" Tall / 2" Diameter
Weight: 8.3 oz (235g)
We believe great gear should be simple. Getting great gear should be, too. That's why we will always offer free standard shipping on orders over $99. You can learn more at our Purchase Policies page.
VSSL products are engineered to last — not only through your adventures, but generations of adventures. That's why we back each product we build with a Limited Lifetime Warranty. If your VSSL gear doesn't stand up to the test, you may be eligible for a repair, replacement, or refund. For more information visit our Warranty page.
Built to withstand even the toughest outdoor conditions with its water-resistant design and virtually indestructible military-grade aluminum shell. With the Split Flip carabiner, you can easily attach the Mini Stash Light to your gear or clothing for hands-free use.
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Select a location
If you're shopping outside of the Canada or the United States, please use the US store.
Your cart is empty.


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Photography Credit: Steve Gerrard Photography
This week I was Birmingham for my latest photo shoot. As always, I am so excited to share the results and as ever I've tried, with my trusty team, to go bigger and better with the theming, styling and general execution of the whole thing.
The brief I gave was 'punk!' and the team I worked with on Wednesday were incredible (literally words can't describe) and really got into the whole idea. Every single person brought their own adaptation of the theme along, and somehow it actually worked together brilliantly.
Photography Credit: Steve Gerrard Photography
My mind was blown more than once… the graffiti made me all wobbly inside and the outfits I was allowed to wear were…well…incredible.
Think a punky, gothy, feathery, glittery, Rock n Roll-y, Lady Gaga-esque styled shoot and you're on your way there… I can't wait to share the full thing and the story behind the shoot, but for now I couldn't resist a few teaser shots from official Rock God photographer Steve Gerrard (that will now be his full title) and 'omg I've never laughed so much with you' Emma Case who was pretty much on hand to keep me giggling/screaming/pouting all day…
Photography Credit: Emma Case Photography
I just want to share a little bit of love here for the whole team – more on them all in the full write up. The full shoot will be hitting your screens in a couple of weeks. Watch this space!
♥ Photography: Steve Gerrard Photography
♥ Behind the scenes photography: Emma Case Photography
♥ Video: Pete Smyth for Emma Case Photography and Simon Clarke
♥ Styling: Ava Event Styling
♥ Flowers: Little a (Amy Grzegorzek)
♥ Cakes: The Boutique Baking Company (Vickie Pritchett)
♥ Product hire & candy bar: Bonne Fête (Amanda Plester)
♥ Dresses: The Wedding Club & Hannah Wilkins-Webb (final year student at the University of Central England)
♥ Headpieces: Sharper Millinery
♥ Jewellery: Terry Terry
♥ Vintage accessories: Top Banana, Birmingham
♥ Fashion Styling Adviser: Patti Bell firstname.lastname@example.com
♥ Graffiti: Hoakser firstname.lastname@example.com
♥ Hair & Make Up: Elbie Van Eeden
Photography Credit: Steve Gerrard Photography


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Welcome to RecipeSource!RecipeSource is the new home of
SOAR: The Searchable Online Archive of Recipes and your source for recipes on the Internet. | |
---------- Recipe via Meal-Master (tm) v8.02 Title: GRANDMA'S CORNBREAD DRESSING Categories: American, Dressings, Stuffings Yield: 8 servings Cornbread: 2 c Self-rising cornmeal 1 c Self-rising flour 1 ts Baking powder 2 ts Sugar 2 Eggs -- beaten 3 tb Oil or melted shortening 2 c Milk or buttermilk -- * see Note Dressing: 3 Celery stalks -- chopped 1 lg Onion -- chopped 2 tb Butter or margarine 1/4 lb Saltine crackers -- broken 2 1/2 c Hot chicken broth (or 3 cups If needed) 2 Eggs -- beaten 1/2 ts Salt OR 2 chicken boullion Cubes added To hot chicken broth 1/2 ts Black pepper -- (or more, to Taste) 1. For Cornbread: Mix all ingredients and place in a well-greased 10″ pan that has been heated in a 450 degree oven (about 4 minutes) till hot. Bake at 450 degrees about 30 or 35 minutes or until lightly browned. Cool; crumble cornbread into a large bowl. 2. For Dressing: Saute celery and onion in butter until tender. Combine cornbread, crackers, sauteed vegetables, and remaining ingredients, mixing well. If the dressing doesn't seem moist enough, add some hot milk - ab out 1 cup. Spoon into a lightly greased 13x9x2-inch baking pan or casserole dish. Bake at 450 degrees for 25 to 30 minutes until lightly browned. (For Pyrex dishes bake at 375 or 400 degrees.) ----- Plain Text Version of This Recipe for Printing or Saving | |
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by Sharon Stewart
Me: This is about the galaxy, the universe and ultimately about the multi-verse of God, not just earth. Our win here will resonate across the universe and beyond.
Like Ivo said in our last video, people have had it. They're fed up of wars, of being pillaged, ravaged, fearing attacks, they're fed up of their children dying and they want peace. Finally. Earthlings all want one thing: peace. We want to align with the rest of the galaxy. We want to align with what's in our hearts.
The one bill of goods we've been sold is that humans are like some kind of masochistic self harming morons. We're not. But because we have no other system to turn to than the toxic system that's in place now, we have no recourse to help ourselves. If I had cancer, I'd ask Ivo to heal me. I wouldn't bother going to have radiation therapy. And as it turns out there are countries that do a healing type of therapy on the cancer patient, and that basically amounts to a lot of detoxification.
Ivo: Yes, my love, I hear your frustration, and the good news is this is already changing. You speak of all of the dark magic that has been perpetrated upon your societies yet this dark magic has already taken place in other worlds around the galaxy. Yes, it has. Orion went through a long period of many of its peoples suffering.
Me: I know.
Ivo: It is all about teaching you who you actually are. How powerful you are. You have all been brainwashed to believe that you are yes, self harming, masochistic, even sadistic at times, when the true human nature is seen over and over again. Although that too is exploited.
You see people happy to help countries that have been ravaged by weather events, yet the deep state skims money off of those pots so these people never regain their former state of life. They do not have the money to rebuild and replenish and they are left in a poorer, weaker state than they previously were before. Do not think for a second that the evil minds that run your planet do not make use of these vulnerable peoples, living in these harsh climate zones, to bilk the rest of the world out of their money. Because they do.
They know how to steal money. They know how to skim off all of the energy possible. They know how to create emotional responses in all the people of the planet and how to manipulate them into helping them through attempting to help others. Which ultimately keeps all of you down.
How many people have supported Africa throughout your lifetime and yet has the tide turned for them yet? No. Why? Because the ds will not allow it. They control your world, and they control the fortunes of the people very well.
It has been the task of the Galactic Federation to oust these evil entities off of planets all over the galaxy, my love. We work in coordination with other benevolent groups in other quadrants of the galaxy, in order to ensure that the evil ones do not go from one quadrant to the next and begin again.
Ironically, they seek life as every other being does. However, their expression of life is different and it has to do with domination, exploitation and downright arrogance. They have no soul connection so humility and humanity are beyond them.
They have been a scourge ever since entering this galaxy and now it is Ashtar's task to remove them from earth and ultimately this quadrant. Other quadrants are free. Yours is the last planet to be freed of this pestilence.
You will first learn the history of the world from antiquity to the current day. That is one of our tasks, to teach you the truth. Many of you have seen parts of your truth that have broken through in dreams or realizations. You have seen what looked like a foreign world to you, but this foreign world was earth.
Your world is on the verge of destruction right now, my love. They say it is darkest before the dawn, well, this is your darkness.
Me: Why let it get so bad?
Ivo: Your people were so far gone there was no rescuing them. It was Gaia who cooperated and stated her intention to evolve regardless of the fate of the ones upon her. So we sent the lightworkers in large numbers to earth to help give her the light she required to live again. She was almost dead, my love. Almost dead. You revived her. The last fifty or sixty years of life upon this planet, the large numbers of lightworkers, have saved a world, and ultimately the people upon her.
It is the task of the GFL to remove the AI overlord and those of its minions. This is largely accomplished, except where the lower frequency ones have incarnated into reptilian hybrid bodies. You lightworkers, although you have lived in the humanoid reptilian/human body with its reptilian brain, yes, the part on your brain stem, and your reptilian third eye as well as other parts that are partially reptilian, you are allowing your bodies now to crystallize into a completely human, non-hybrid crystalline form. This is a minor miracle. You are changing from a hybrid human to a pure human form. And in so doing, you are expunging any of the reptilian blueprint and its toxic characteristics, along with it.
They are being removed. That is why we tell you constantly to stop fighting, stop arguing with others, stop worrying, and to walk away from the Matrix – because it is doing these things that keeps the reptilian DNA alive. Yes. You are changing the blue print. You are evicting all evidence of the perpetrator, personally within yourselves. Deny the reptilian side of your expression and you allow the human DNA to predominate and to crystallize.
And yes, many of you have been sent reptilian or draconian hybrid mates. This is so that you will breed with these beings in order to keep the hybrid species alive in your children. These expressions of life are low vibrational, thus they resort to things like fighting, arguing, stealing, lying and other low vibrational expressions of life. When you engage in the same way with these hybrids, you enforce that hybrid part of yourself instead of the human DNA. Should you have a child with such a hybrid, it will be your child's task to evolve and to undergo the difficult process of crystallizing their body.
The more aware you are that all people are not created equal, the more you need to be cognizant of those who are soldiers of the lower frequencies of society, attempting to keep their species alive through theft of the human blueprint, the better off you are to play this game.
You must understand that you have been taught that love is an external to yourself because that leaves you vulnerable to this program of blueprint domination by the reptilian. The more you realize that love comes from within and is given, does not come from without and is received, the more you will be able to protect yourself and your DNA, your children and the future of humanity.
We ask that you all now understand this. There is a war on and it is to enable the thieves of your planet to keep the planet and to allow themselves reincarnation access to the human physical body.
Other worlds have undergone this cleansing process and you certainly can do it as well. The only thing that is required is knowledge and wariness that not everyone who is sent to you is there for the sake of being a suitable mate. There is a war on. And this war is an attack on love, which is your godliness.
Why do you think that a human being, who otherwise in the galaxy mates for successive incarnations, would descend into having one night flings and cheap sex with available people? This is draconian. It is not the human way at all. This is a power game. Your people practise this and it is part of the low vibrational program of ensuring the draconian/reptilian hybrid agenda.
You must wake up to this. These are unhuman practises and frankly, inhumane as well.
For those who suspect either yourselves or your children embody some of this reptilian/draconian DNA the answer is simple, not easy, but simple. Raise your vibration and teach your children how to be loving humans, rather than arguing, fighting, quarreling hybrids.
There has been a descent in values ever since Sharon was a young girl. The staunchy society of her parents experienced a generation gap with the birth of many lightworkers and starseeds upon earth in the 50's and 60's.
This again, was hijacked by the deep state, who took the peace and love songs of the 60's and turned them into Black Sabbath, grunge, rap, and more. It was all hijacked. You must see their influence in all of the efforts the Light has made to free your world. It is there.
What was intended to be music of peace and love, true human values, ultimately turned into enslavement of the masses into demonic style songs with the lyrics of a devalued society.
Me: He hates my rock 'n' roll.
Ivo: I say to you, my love, you have bought into this. Still shocked these days to find Ritchie Blackmore's dressing room adorned with a goat's head, and Robert Plant making illuminati hand signals to his audience. I rest my case. Rolling Stones album Goat's Head Soup.
They are all ds and have sold their souls for the sake of money.
The rest of the hippie movement got lost in big business.
This is why awareness is so important. So that you do not fall prey to their schemes. To stay aware of what they are doing before they do it, and not to trust them, is the greatest asset you can have now. Knowledge is power. There was not that much knowledge and too much trust at that time. Your world had to go through the Vietnam War and truth tellers had to come forward to show you all is not what it seems.
Your world is on an uphill climb. As eyes open to the truth, more Light is anchored on your planet. So be it.
Me: Thank you, Ivo.
Ivo: My love, my life, my Light, I await you always.
(edited by permission)


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Planescape Torment: A Retro Review
Back when I was a kid, I used to look at games very differently: they weren't just fun experiences or a means of escaping daily troubles, but rather they were gateways to different worlds. I was discovering something new, something greater, something beyond all this. As time went by, however, fewer and fewer games would get me into that state of mind. But recently I rediscovered it through a game that, coincidentally, has a lot … Read More


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Elgin Sweeper, a division of Federal Signal, is the leading manufacturer of street sweepers for general street maintenance, special industrial, and airport applications. It has been in business for over 100 years and is the best-known sweeper brand, not only in North America, but around the world.
Chuck Daniels, a sales representative with Parent Petroleum, a Castrol distributor based in St. Charles, IL, obtained the factory-fill business with Elgin Sweeper's sister division, Vactor Manufacturing. Chuck has also been developing a relationship with Elgin Sweeper for many years.
With support from the Castrol technology team, Chuck was able to secure the factory-fill business for the Elgin Sweeper division. Castrol helped to write the product specifications for sweepers using Castrol Dual Range HV multi-viscosity hydraulic fluid.
customer_newsDual Range HV hydraulic fluid is an exceptional multi-viscosity fluid that provides proven anti-wear protection coupled with very shear-stable polymers and anti-foam additives for a balanced package. Dual Range HV's extreme load-carrying capability provides the extra measure of protection required in high-load applications such as hydrostatic transmissions and high-speed/high-pressure hydraulic circuits.
Elgin Sweeper has recognized Dual Range HV as a premium, long-lasting product with a wide operating temperature range and high oxidation stability. It has also recognized the value of the technical support that Castrol provides through Parent Petroleum.


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Istilah digital marketing telah dikenali publik akhir-akhir ini. Money equivalents typically provide low returns, but correspondingly, the chance associated with them can be negligible. Working a profitable influencer advertising marketing campaign isn't a set-it-and-go type of strategy. You start off charging $a hundred per hour, and with the first few purchasers, it takes you around 30 hours to get the whole lot setup and running, resulting in an bill of $three,000.
A mother or father firm is a company that owns sufficient voting inventory in one other firm to regulate administration and operations by influencing or electing its board of directors; the second firm being deemed as a subsidiary of the parent company. Dengan memanfaatkan advertising and marketing instruments, Anda bisa lebih fokus ke perencanaan strategis bisnis yang lain.
Our accounting relies on the assumption that a business unit is a going concern. A essential component of an efficient influencer advertising campaign is establishing a trusted relationship with a relevant influencer, one who's in tune along with your audience's needs and needs and whom your viewers will look to when they're making purchase decisions.
This gives you a contextual hourly charge, but it surely's NOT what you'll charge to clients. The principle differentiator in the case of influencer advertising is that the outcomes of the campaign are collaborations between brands and influencers. These days are coming to an end, as 48% of marketers say they plan to ramp up their finances for influencer-targeted campaigns.
International Communications: A Media Literacy Strategy. Managers must perceive where and how they will implement their insurance policies and strategies. Social Media Advertising – The time period 'Digital Advertising' has a variety of advertising facets because it helps different channels used in and among these, comes the Social Media. Most individuals pay all of the bills first after which save something that is likely to be left over.
It might initially seem like judging the value of influencers is unpredictable, however any such method provides you with a well-recognized point of comparison and distinction. During Seagate Know-how's troubled interval within the mid-to-late Nineties, the corporate, a big manufacturer of disk drives for private computers, had seven completely different design facilities working on innovation, but it had the bottom R&D productivity within the business as a result of the centers competed reasonably than cooperated.
Their roles may be emphasised as executing organizational plans in conformance with the corporate's insurance policies and the aims of the highest administration, they define and talk about info and insurance policies from prime management to lower management, and most importantly they inspire and supply steerage to lower-degree managers in direction of better efficiency.


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Decrypt Files
ATOFIA Keyless File Encryption Support > Decrypting a File
Simply click decrypt to open any file that you have encrypted or files that have been encrypted and shared with you.
1. Select Decrypt
On the dashboard, click Decrypt in the left hand menu.
2. Select a File
Select an encrypted file within your system and select Open
Note: You must have encrypted the file with this system or this must be a file that you have been granted decryption permissions by another user.
3. Decrypting
The progress bar will estimate the amount of time it will take to decrypt the file. The main window will display a preview of the ciphertext.
4. Decryption Complete
Once complete, the sidebar will display the decrypted file location within your system and the decrypted file content.
Note: The original encrypted file (selected in step 2) is not removed from your system. If you wish to remove the encrypted file from your computer, you must delete it manually.
5. File Location
You can click on the file path under "Decrypted File Location:" or on the View File button to open the folder in your Windows file explorer.
Note: All decrypted files will save to the C:\ATOfIA\ATOFIAe\DecryptedFiles\ directory
6. Dashboard Information
The dashboard will display the decrypted file at the top of the activity log.
Note: The activity log file path is relevant at the time of decryption. The file path will not update if the file is moved out of the DecryptedFiles\ directory


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For growing international cities, there is a lack of inspiring living concepts that are appropriate for modern urban life. The MINI Living concept offers new possibilities with more flexibility and individuality.
It was developed together with MINI and the Japanese architect ON Design. Arup was responsible for materials, sustainability, structural planning, façade planning, lighting planning and building physics.
The basis of the residential concept is a 30 square metre apartment, which together with other apartments forms a micro-neighbourhood. The walls consist of shelf modules, which can be folded outwards, in which kitchen units, workbenches, sound systems, etc. can be integrated. In this way, the inhabitants can share their individual habitat with the community at any time. When closed, the MINI Living residential units offer residents the safety and comfort of a high-quality living space, which can be reconfigured again and again thanks to the flexible modular walls. A special focus was placed on modularity: the system design is designed to be produced as an elegant and flexible living solution for the global cities of the near future.
The entire residential concept can be created with a relatively low budget and is characterised by simple assembly and installation. It is modular and can be reproduced at any location. It was first exhibited at Salone del Mobile 2016 in Milan.


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INDIANAPOLIS — As journalists, WRTV has not only lived with and adapted to COVID-19, we've also had the added responsibility of covering the impact of the virus on your lives.
We've reported your concerns and successes while also serving as a source of potentially life-saving information. Now, we're going to share thoughts, insights and memories from our journalists who've devoted so much of the past year covering COVID-19.
Watch the video in the player above to learn more.


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Full Force
Full Force
Full Force |
Full Force is a group of R&B performers and producers from Brooklyn, New York, USA, calling itself the original hip hop vocal band.
- B-Fine (Brian George) - drums and drum programming
- Shy Shy (Junior Clark) - bass guitar
- Paul Anthony (Paul Anthony George) - vocals
- Bow-Legged Lou (Lucien George Jr.) - vocals
- Curt-T-T (Curt Bedeau) - guitar
- Baby Gee (Gerry Charles) - keyboards
B-Fine, Paul Anthony, and Bow-Legged Lou are brothers, Shy Shy, Baby Gerry and Curt-T-T are cousins.
The group produced and wrote music for UTFO, Doctor Ice, Samantha Fox, Patti LaBelle, Jasmine Guy, The Force M.D.s, the R&B all-female group Ex Girlfriend, Britney Spears, James Brown, Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam, Backstreet Boys, La Toya Jackson, and Selena. Full Force produced UTFO's "Roxanne Roxanne" (1985), a record that led to several answer records, most notably one by Roxanne Shanté. The group produced Rihanna's 2005 hit "That La, La, La," which appears on her debut album Music Of The Sun. The Black Eyed Peas' worldwide hit "Don't Phunk With My Heart" was also written as a collaboration between Full Force and will.i.am of the Peas. Full Force wrote and produced most of the singles from La Toya Jackson's fifth studio album La Toya, including "You're Gonna Get Rocked!" "You Blew," and "Such a Wicked Love," as well as Patti LaBelle's track "I Got It Like That," for which it also provided prominent background vocals from her 1989 album Be Yourself.
Full Force provide backing vocals on two Bob Dylan songs recorded during sessions for Infidels: "Death Is Not the End" (released on Down in the Groove (1988) and "Tell Me" (released on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1-3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961-1991).
Although not included on the soundtrack, Full Force's track "Ain't my Type of Hype" is the track used in the dance battle scene with Kid'N'Play which is arguably the most memorable song of the entire film.
Full Force's biggest hit (production-wise) from the 1990s was the Backstreet Boys' hit single "All I Have to Give." Full Force worked with Prince's ex-wife Mayte on her album Child of the Sun. However the songs were all produced by Prince, so they remained unreleased. Full Force was then featured on Lil' Kim's La Bella Mafia album of 2003 on her song "Can't Fuck with Queen Bee."
In addition to their production résumé, the group have also released their own albums and music. They placed several hit singles under their own name on the R&B charts during the latter half of the 1980s. Tracks such as "Unselfish Lover" (off their self-titled debut) and "Temporary Love Thing" (off their follow-up album, Full Force Get Busy 1 Time!) received substantial airplay. "All in My Mind" became the group's first and only single to date to reach the R&B Top Ten in 1988. Two greatest hits compilations are available, one by Thump Records and the other by Collectables.
In 2007, on its Columbia release Legendary, the group has a song dedicated to Oprah Winfrey titled "We're Feeling You, Oprah." It was inspired by the related members' mother's love for Winfrey.
Thump Records, a label known for its freestyle compilations, released the group's first greatest hits compilation.
They appeared in the 1990 comedy film House Party and its sequel as the gangster villains of Kid 'n Play. Recent activities include the production of another installment of the franchise titled Bouncers.
Recording Discography
- 1985: Full Force (Columbia/CBS Records)
- 1986: Full Force Get Busy 1 Time! (Columbia)
- 1987: Guess Who's Comin' to the Crib? (Columbia)
- 1989: Smoove (Columbia)
- 1992: Don't Sleep (Capitol/EMI)
- 1995: Sugar On Top (Calibre)
- 2001: Still Standing (TVT)
- 2007: Legendary (Columbia/SME Records)
- 2009: Full Force, of Course (Earforce Records)
- 1980: "Turn You On" / "Groovin" (12") (Dazz records DA 1003 / 1004 )
- 1984: "I Wonder If I Take You Home" (Columbia records 38-04886 ) (with Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam)
- 1985: "All Cried Out" / "Behind My Eyes" ( United States Columbia records 38-05844 UKCBS Records TA 7268) (with Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam)
- 1985: "Can You Feel the Beat" (with Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam)
- 1985: "Alice, I Want You Just For Me" (Maxi) (CBS Records United States 12-6640 UK TA 6640)
- 1985: "Girl If You Take Me Home"
- 1985: "Unselfish Lover"
- 1986: "Temporary Love Thing"
- 1986: "Unfaithful (So Much)"
- 1987: "Old Flames Never Die"
- 1987: "All in My Mind"
- 1987: "Love is for Suckers (Like Me and You)"
- 1987: "Someone to Love Me for Me" (with Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam)
- 1987: "Take Care of Homework"
- 1987: "Your Love is so Def"
- 1988: "Every Little Thing About You" (with Cheryl "Pepsii" Riley)
- 1989: "Ain't My Type of Hype"
- 1989: "Friends B-4 Lovers"
- 1990: "Kiss Those Lips" / "All I Wanna Do"
- 1991: "X Marks the Spot" Ex Girlfriend
- 1992: "Nice 'n Sleazy"
- 1992: "Quickie"
- 1994: "Can I Get Your Number?"
- 1995: "Back Together Again"[1]
- 1985: Krush Groove
- 1990: House Party
- 1991: House Party 2
- 1993: Who's the Man?
- Full Force Discography @Discogs.com Retrieved 4-3-2010.
External links
- Official Website
- Official Fansite
- Official Webradio
This article uses material from the article Full Force from the free encyclopedia Wikipedia and it is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.


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March 6, 2023 – West Bend, WI – It was July 29, 2022 when WashingtonCountyInsider.com first relayed the news about a second location for the State Bank of Newburg in Washington County, WI.
The bank is building at the corner of Highway 144 and N. Main Street in West Bend, WI, formerly home to Hilltop Service station. The sale price for 1410 N. Main Street, was recorded at $1 million.
Another parcel, 1437 Barton Avenue, also sold for $1 million. Both parcels were sold to the State Bank of Newburg. The sale was recorded August 31, 2022.
On Tuesday, March 7 the West Bend Plan Commission will review several requests including a request to rezone approximately 0.14 acres of land located on the east side of Fond du Lac Street and south of Barton Avenue from RS-4 Single Family Residential District to B-1 Community Business District, by State Bank of Newburg. The property in question covers a pair of homes behind the old Hilltop on Barton Avenue and Fond du Lac Street. Both homes were razed to make room for the incoming bank.
State Bank of Newburg has been in business 110+ years. Founded December 12, 1911, the bank originally had two employees and $12,000 in capital, according to the website.
First President = John J. Reichl. Mr. Reichl served as president for 51 years from 1911-1962. He never worked at the bank. He was the owner of Reichl's General Store in Newburg
The bank was originally located 614 Main Street, the current location of Newburg Village Hall.
The bank later moved in 2000 to the corner of Congress Drive and Hwy 33; an addition was put on in 2013 which included "five new offices, two more bathrooms, a bigger break room and more storage."
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Washington County Insider on YouTube
In 2021 the State Bank of Newburg reported assets totaling $231,033,000.
Hilltop Service is closed after 50 years in business. An auction was held August 31, 2022 and all items removed by September 2, 2022. Click HERE to read more.
The bank's new location is reportedly to accommodate clients that travel from the northwestern part of the county and further north.
The West Bend Plan Commission will review designs for the new bank. Some of the features of the 5,476 square-foot commercial building at the southwest corner of N. Main
Street and Barton Avenue include:
- A total of 50 parking stalls including 48 standard and two barrier-free parking stalls.
- Four tiers of 2.5' tall retaining walls are proposed along the eastern edge of the site.
- Colors include "Teak Brown" cement siding and "Epernay Champagne
Metalic" metal panels.
Tuesday's meeting at City Hall begins at 6 p.m. and is open to the public.
This is a working story, and more information will be posted when details are available.


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The province meeting was hosted by Bishop Richard F. Stika, who was joined by Bishops David R. Choby of the Diocese of Nashville, J. Terry Steib of the Diocese of Memphis, William F. Medley of the Diocese of Owensboro, and Roger J. Foys of the Diocese of Covington.
Archbishop Joseph E. Kurtz of the Archdiocese of Louisville, the second bishop of the Diocese of Knoxville who was elected president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops in November, usually presides at the Louisville Province meeting but was unable to attend, as was Bishop Ronald W. Gainer of the Diocese of Lexington.
Accompanying Bishops Stika, Choby, Steib, Medley and Foys were more than 40 priests from those dioceses.
The keynote address for the meeting was delivered Dec. 3 by Father Ronald Knott, who is on faculty at St. Meinrad Seminary and School of Theology. Father Knott is a former Diocese of Louisville priest who founded the Institute for Priests and Presbyterates and is director of the institute.
His address, titled "Strengthening Our 'Intimate Sacramental Brotherhood' for Service," prompted discussion on ways to enhance the priesthood and better equip priests with the tools for a stronger vocation.
Father Knott discussed key trends seminaries are encountering, including the rising number of Catholic converts entering seminaries and the priesthood and the growing number of priests from other countries.
The keynote address was followed by a panel discussion among the priests and bishops. The panelists were Diocese of Knoxville priests Father Doug Owens, pastor of St. Thomas the Apostle Parish in Lenoir City, Father Aaron Wessman associate pastor of Blessed Teresa of Calcutta Catholic Mission in Maynardville and Blessed John Paul II Mission in Rutledge, and Father Brent Shelton, pastor of St. Francis of Assisi Parish in Townsend.
The bishops led a panel discussion on Dec. 4, where they fielded questions from priests on subjects ranging from The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the upcoming Synod of Bishops on the Family to the sacrament of Confirmation. The bishops also posed questions to the priests.
In addition to the keynote address and panel discussions, the bishops and priests gathered for Masses, daily and evening prayer, diocesan reports and presentations.
The meeting sites rotate among the dioceses in the Louisville Province.