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A number of infectious diseases have specific environmental parameters that can substantially enhance the impact of an outbreak or make an outbreak more difficult to control. A few of the more important examples are mentioned below.
Environmental Considerations of Mycobacteria in Aquatic Systems
Mycobacterium spp is an important infectious pathogen of fish and other aquatic organisms. There have been many species of Mycobacterium identified in fish; however, all are nontuberculous and most are environmental. Typically, environmental conditions common in aquaculture favor growth of Mycobacterium. These conditions include low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, accumulation of organic debris and particularly biofilms, as well as acidic pH; correction of these environmental factors can also enhance efforts to control the disease. Mycobacteria are hydrophobic because of their thick, waxy cell walls and tend to adhere to surfaces and each other. Once infected fish are present in a system, these animals may continually shed the organism in feces and cells released from external lesions. Ultraviolet light (ie, UV filtration) may decrease the number of these bacteria in the water column, which may help decrease transmission.
In aquaculture, infected fish are almost always culled. In display aquaria, however, the decision may be made to maintain infected fish. In these cases, environmental management can be an important part of the protocol developed for the care of affected animals. Maintaining oxygen concentration near saturation and avoiding acidic and organically rich environments in the presence of some type of disinfection of the system (eg, UV or ozone) can greatly enhance the quality of an exhibit populated with mycobacteria-positive fish. In this situation, the exhibit should be clearly labeled as mycobacteria-positive, and personnel should be properly trained to minimize risk of disease transmission from the contaminated exhibit to personnel working in the area or to other systems or animals.
Bacterial Gill Disease as an Environmental Consideration of Aquatic Systems
Bacterial gill disease is an important disease of cultured salmonids and has been reported in other species, including hybrid striped bass. It is rare in aquarium fish. It is caused by bacteria in the genus Flavobacterium and other closely related genera and is manifest by gill pathology (hyperplasia, clubbing of gill filaments) and subsequent mortality. However, bacterial gill disease has an important environmental component, and mechanical damage to gill epithelium, which may be caused by excessive crowding and debris in the water column, is believed to be an important predisposing factor. Cleaning the environment, removing debris, and decreasing stocking density all contribute to a positive treatment outcome. Correcting these underlying problems also prevents recurrence of the condition. Potassium permanganate can be useful in removing organic detritus from an affected freshwater system. However, caution is advised, because this treatment may cause mortality in fish already compromised with major gill damage.
The Role of Temperature in Aquatic Systems
Many infectious diseases of fish occur in a specific "temperature window," and adjusting temperature may be an important part of successful treatment. For example, Fusarium solani is a fungus that has been linked to suboptimal environmental temperatures in bonnethead sharks. Infected sharks must have environmental temperatures raised above 80°F (27°C) to control or prevent the infection. Saprolegnia, a common fungus-like oomycete of freshwater and brackish water fish, is also often associated with suboptimal environmental temperature. Raising water temperature a few degrees may notably improve response to treatment. Veterinarians are encouraged to determine optimal environmental temperature when fish are observed with this condition and to make appropriate corrections if needed.
Temperature is also critical in control of most viral diseases of fish. Two important diseases of koi, spring viremia of carp Spring Viremia of Carp (SVC) Descriptions of viral diseases of fish are rapidly expanding. Viruses are being reported in new species, and interpretation of the significance of findings is also changing. Several viral diseases... read more (SVC) and koi herpesvirus Koi Herpesvirus Descriptions of viral diseases of fish are rapidly expanding. Viruses are being reported in new species, and interpretation of the significance of findings is also changing. Several viral diseases... read more (KHV), have strong temperature predilections. This should always be kept in mind when working with these popular pets. It should be remembered that KHV is a warm water disease. Infected koi typically develop disease when water temperatures are in the range of 64°–81°F (18°–27°C). Fish with KHV typically exhibit notable gill lesions and clinical signs of hypoxia. In contrast, SVC is a cool water disease, typically occurring at water temperatures of 41°–64°F (5°–18°C). Both of these diseases are reportable at the state and federal levels. Although KHV is considered endemic in the US (no federal action is taken), SVC is a foreign animal disease, and the USDA will impose quarantine and forced destruction of fish if an infection is confirmed.
Excessive Organic Load as an Environmental Consideration in Aquatic Systems
Organic debris can accumulate because of poor husbandry or poor system design. Detection of accumulated detritus can be surprisingly difficult when areas of "dead space" exist in a system, because these areas are often not directly visible. Environmental parameters that suggest this problem include an inability to maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations at or near saturation. Further, total alkalinity and pH may be lower than that in source water. All of these changes suggest a substantial amount of decomposition of organic matter is occurring somewhere in the system. Pet owners or aquarists may need to break the system down to locate and remove the accumulated material.
In these systems, a presenting disease problem may be infestation of external surfaces of the fish with Trichodina, a common ciliate. Trichodina is often considered a bio-indicator of suboptimal conditions that may include overcrowding, overfeeding, and excessive organic debris (ie, a dirty system). Thoroughly cleaning the system, removing detritus, and correcting design flaws when possible are important to correct these problems. Treating the parasite without correcting system problems will result in continual recurrence and frustration. Other infectious agents that may be observed in the presence of poor sanitation include other motile ciliates such as Tetrahymena, as well as sessile ciliates such as Epistylis, Heteropolaria, Ambiphyra, and Apiosoma. Saprophytic fungi and fungi-like diseases (eg, the oomycete Saprolegnia) may also occur when hygiene is a concern.
Infectious Sequelae of Environmental Disease of Aquatic Systems
Fish that survive a severe environmental insult, such as an acute hypoxic event or substantial temperature fluctuations, are at increased risk of opportunistic bacterial infections. Common infections that may occur 1–2 weeks after an insult could include infections with Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens in freshwater systems, and Vibrio spp in marine systems. Given this possibility, it may be prudent to treat valuable fish with a broad-spectrum antimicrobial with general efficacy against gram-negative organisms after survival of a severe environmental insult. In many cases, good water and a quiet environment will be sufficient for recovery, however, when in doubt, the use of antimicrobials may be justified, especially if they can be provided in feed. Once an infection begins, fish often go off-feed, making treatment much more difficult.


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19 Very Hilarious Deadpool Meme That Make You Naughty Smile
Deadpool Meme : Today we are having some hilarious Deadpool Meme that make you so much laugh. These are the most funniest memes you ever seen in your life. Share these funny memes with your friends and loves ones to make them laugh. Also Read : Daredevil Meme Funny Deadpool Meme Many Books We'll Sell With This! The Fangirls Will
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subset: commoncrawl


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The basics of the Citi Rewards+ Card
The Citi Rewards+ Card has no annual fee and offers some valuable bonuses. The card:
- Offers a welcome bonus of 20,000 bonus points after spending $1,500 within three months of account opening
- Rounds up purchases to the nearest 10 ThankYou points
- Offers 2x ThankYou points at supermarkets and gas stations, for the first $6,000 spent per year (and then 1x)
Furthermore, in conjunction with either the Citi Premier® Card or Citi Prestige® Card, you can pool points at thankyou.com, and can redeem points that way. You should be able to link this card with other Citi cards using your Citibank login.
Eligibility for the Citi Rewards+ Card
If you're considering applying for the Citi Rewards+ Card, it's important to keep in mind restrictions for being approved for this card:
Bonus ThankYou® Points are not available if you received a new cardmember bonus for Citi Rewards+℠, Citi ThankYou® Preferred, Citi ThankYou® Premier/Citi Premier℠ or Citi Prestige®, or if you have closed any of these cards, in the past 24 months.
This means that you're not eligible for the welcome bonus on the Rewards+ Card if you've closed the Citi Premier Card or Citi Prestige Card in the past 24 months, or if you've received a new cardmember bonus on either of those cards in the past 24 months. It's fine to have one (or both) of those cards open, you just can't have actually opened it or closed it in that time period.
Product changing to the Citi Rewards+ Card
In addition to being able to apply directly for the Citi Rewards+ Card, note that anecdotally it's also possible to product change another Citi card, including the Citi Premier Card or Citi Prestige Card, to this card.
Generally speaking you'll need to have a card for at least 12 months before you can product change, and you'll need to phone up Citi to see exactly what's possible, since the ability to product change varies by cardmember.
So what's the best strategy for getting this card?
The way I see it, there are a few approaches you can take for getting this card, depending on whether or not you've opened one of the other "restricted" cards within the past 24 months.
If you've opened or closed a Citi Premier or Citi Prestige in the past 24 months…
Then you're not eligible for the welcome bonus on the Citi Rewards+ Card. Note that you can still be approved for the card, you just won't get the welcome bonus. Your options are to:
- Apply for the Rewards+ Card without the welcome bonus; this isn't that huge of a loss, since it's not a massive welcome bonus
- Product change from the Premier Card or Prestige Card; this could make sense if you have both of those cards and only want one
- Wait until it has been over 24 months since you've been approved for the Citi Premier or Citi Prestige; if you do this, there could still be a better strategy, as I'll discuss below
What would I do? It depends on the situation, but I think it could definitely be worth applying for this card directly even without a bonus, at least if you only recently "reset" your Citi 24 month clock. Like I said, the bonus isn't huge.
The other option I'd seriously consider is product changing from the Citi Premier or Citi Prestige, especially if you have both of those cards (or multiple of one).
If you haven't opened or closed a Citi Premier or Prestige in the past 24 months…
Then you are eligible for the welcome bonus on the Citi Rewards+ Card. Your best options are to:
- Apply directly for the card and get the welcome bonus
- Apply for the Citi Premier Card, and then a year later product change it to the Rewards+ Card
The reason that second strategy could make sense is because the Premier Card is very well-rounded itself, offering 3x points on airfare, hotels, dining, supermarkets and gas stations. You could use the card for a year, and then if you decide you prefer the Rewards+ Card, you can product change after a year.
If you're a student…
If you're a student and otherwise struggling to be approved for these cards, note that there's also a student version of the Rewards+ Card — the Citi Rewards+℠ Student Card.
This card has most of the same benefits, but has a smaller welcome bonus, of 2,500 bonus points after spending $500 within three months. So if you're a student and looking to build your credit, this is a great place to start, as this card will be valuable to you long term.
Bottom line
The Citi Rewards+ Card is a unique card, especially thanks to the rounding up feature. It's a card that I know a lot of us want to get, but given Citi's application restrictions, it can pay to be strategic here.
If you're not going to be eligible for the welcome bonus on the card anytime soon, it could make sense to just apply for the card outright without a welcome bonus, and start taking advantage of the features.
Otherwise there's potential value in getting the Citi Premier Card, which has a big welcome bonus and useful bonus categories, and downgrading it to the Rewards+ Card after a year.
If you're interested in the Rewards+ Card, what's your strategy for getting it?


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Let me start by saying I love Oreo cookies. Despite the fact I am theoretically a grown up, I still instinctively open the cookie and lick the cream from the inside. The cookies are delicious, but we are not going to talk about their taste. Today we are going to talk about the Oreo digital marketing strategy.
When the lights went out during the 2013 Superbowl, the social team at Oreo got our attention with a simple, funny and elegant message distributed first through Twitter and then Facebook. During an event where advertisers easily spend more $1 million on production and media buys for 30 seconds of our attention, Oreo created something we still talk about three years later.
Structured Digital Marketing Strategy
This ad was not a fluke. It was completely in line with the externally focused marketing they had already been doing. Using their 100th anniversary as a jumping off point they created a series of 100 Facebook updates based on trending topics and current events. Their objective was to make Oreo relevant, not to children and their moms, but to social media savvy, young adults.
To reach a consumer segment who probably thought they had out grown the product, Oreo looked beyond their brand and product to the world in which their customers lived. Many of the status updates featured images of products they didn't sell like red colored filling to celebrate the landing of the Mars rover or yellow to honor Lance Armstrong in the Tour de France or rainbow filling to celebrate Pride.
This project took a tremendous amount of resources. There were writers for the clever headlines and designers who created the visuals. And there had to be researchers, who scoured news and trivia to find something fun and relevant every single day. That discipline meant they were ready when the lights went out
Was it worth it? Oreo garnered over 231 million media impressions from over 2,600 articles. They increased their Facebook fans by over a million and increased their Facebook engagement by 195%. They also increased their share rate by 280%, with each post being shared an average of 1,472 times.(source: oursocialtimes.com)
The Rest of the Story
This is a story every marketing professor loves to tell their students. It is about how Oreo became a social media success. So when I got ready to teach a class in digital marketing strategy at University of Indianapolis, I hopped on to the Oreo Facebook page to see what they were up to. And I was disappointed. It is clear they still have a creative team in place who has moved on from clever graphics to video, but they have lost their edge.
The videos are too product focused, Instead of looking out to the world and trying to become a part of it, Oreo has turned inward, trying to make us part of their world. While the production value is really high, the message is a little cheesy. The influence of sales and product teams is clear in the very heavy handed approach which seems more like an advertisement than a social media update
Maybe the mom of a twenty something will watch this and sigh, but I can't see that young hipster being motivated to put down his home brewed beer and tacos for an Oreo and a glass of milk. In fact, on Twitter, where this audience is more likely to hang out, the campaign seems to flounder with few interactions per update..
So as I worked on my lecture, the message was different from the one I anticipated delivering. I talked about how important it is to keep your product and sales teams out of social media. They should focus their energy on advertising where push marketing works and let the social teams be social.
Roundpeg is an Indianapolis content marketing firm.


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Taveion Hollingsworth ties career-high with 30 points against Charlotte, WKU ties for 1st in C-USA race
January 19, 2020
The WKU men's basketball team (12-6, 5-1 C-USA) picked up its second Conference USA win of the weekend on Saturday evening, as the Hilltoppers used a dominant second half to deliver Charlotte (10-6, 4-1 C-USA) its first league loss in a 80-63 blowout win in Diddle Arena.
Taveion Hollingsworth carried the Hilltoppers to a 71-69 win over Old Dominion on Thursday night by scoring nine points in the final 38 seconds, and the junior guard continued his offensive dominance against the 49ers by matching his previous career-high with 30 points.
Hollingsworth finished the game shooting a perfect 13 for 13 from the free-throw line, contributing to the 27 for 31 mark the Hilltoppers posted as a team from the stripe.
"Coach always tells us that you've got to be aggressive," Hollingsworth said. "Everybody on the team, we can't make every shot. Most of the time you want to get fouled and shoot free throws."
Hollingsworth finished the weekend averaging 26.5 points per game while shooting an astonishing 21-of-21 from the free-throw line across two WKU wins.
Charlotte was sitting at first place in the league with an undefeated mark in C-USA play, and the 49ers had won seven of their last eight overall.
Coming into the contest, Charlotte ranked 33rd in the nation in scoring defense, limiting their opponents to 61.5 points per game. But the Hilltoppers became just the third team during the 2019-20 season to score 80 or more points on the 49ers.
Head coach Rick Stansbury said his team had too many self-inflicted turnovers in the first half, but he thought his team played better in the second period.
"You know, Charlotte has a really good basketball team," Stansbury said. "It's very obvious why they were 4-0 coming in here. They're really, really good defensively. They give you nothing at the basket, they help off shooters, they're going to make you shoot jumpers and shoot threes."
"You know, the three-point line isn't always our strength," Stansbury continued. "But our guys found a way, especially in the second half."
Although Charlotte doesn't give up a lot of points at the basket, WKU forced its way into the paint and scored 13 layups.
The Hilltoppers finished the game with 30 points inside the paint, and WKU also outrebounded the 49ers 33-27, as seven different Hilltoppers grabbed three or more rebounds.
Redshirt senior wing Jared Savage posted a season-high 20 points while stuffing the stat sheet with five rebounds, four blocks, three assists and two steals.
Redshirt junior Carson Williams became the third Hilltopper this season to join the 1,000-point club, finishing with 15 points on 5-of-6 shooting from the floor.
"That's a really good feeling," Williams said. "But honestly, I'm not as much focused on that as I am the big win we just got. That's what I'm most happy about right now."
Junior guard Josh Anderson had a quiet night after being hampered by foul trouble, finishing with five points, two assists and two steals in 21:38 of playing time.
Freshman guard Jordan Rawls made his fourth consecutive start for WKU in place of graduate guard Camron Justice.
Justice was sidelined for back-to-back games, missing WKU's road win against Middle Tennessee State on Jan. 11 and its home win over Old Dominion on Thursday, but the IUPUI transfer made his return to the hardwood against the 49ers.
Justice posted two points, three rebounds, one assists and six turnovers in 20:34 of action.
"Having Cam for 20 minutes, forget looking at his stats, I can promise the 20 minutes he gave us was huge," Stansbury said. "His presence on the court spreads the floor, allows a few more things to happen off that dribble getting to the rim and his cerebralness out there. He does a lot of things that doesn't show on that stat sheet, so those 20 minutes he gave us tonight was huge."
The 49ers forced the Hilltoppers into 18 turnovers, their most turnovers in a C-USA game this season and their most since an 86-82 overtime loss to Rhode Island on Dec. 21, 2019.
Both teams played 10 or more players in Saturday's contest, but Charlotte's bench players scored 16 points compared to only seven points from the WKU bench.
Freshman guard Jahmir Young led the 49ers with 14 points, four rebounds, one assist and two steals in 28:13 on the floor.
Redshirt junior guard Jordan Shepherd posted 11 points, while senior guard Drew Edwards and sophomore guard Malik Martin added nine and five points, respectively.
Senior forward Amidou Bamba, who finished with eight total points, used his size advantage to win the opening tipoff against the shorter Williams.
Although the 49ers were unable to execute on their first possession of the game, Charlotte scored on its second possession when Shepherd drove into the painted area and scored a right-handed layup.
The Hilltoppers didn't score put their first points on the scoreboard until Savage made a layup inside the paint at the 17:01 mark.
The 49ers turned WKU over three times in the first 3:41, helping Charlotte to take an early 9-2 advantage and causing Stansbury to call a full timeout to regroup his team.
After the timeout call, the Hilltoppers turned the ball over for the fourth time in the game when Young stole the ball out of Williams' hands.
Savage gave the Hilltoppers a much-needed three points from the free-throw line, as he cut the Charlotte lead to 9-5 at the 15:30 mark.
Savage's made free throws allowed the Hilltoppers to set up into its full-court press, the same defensive style WKU used in its comeback victory against ODU.
WKU's full-court press turned the 49ers over, which led to Anderson getting fouled on the other end and netting 1-of-2 free throw shots.
The Hilltoppers were able to produce a quick 7-0 run when Williams knocked down a 3-pointer to tie the game at 9-9.
Charlotte answered by scoring six straight points at the 12:37 mark and taking a 15-9 lead, but freshman forward Isaiah Cozart ended the 49er run by scoring his first points of the game at the 12:11 mark.
Justice checked into the game for the first time at the 11:39 mark, and he promptly turned the ball over four times in his first four minutes of action.
The Hilltoppers went over 3:30 of clock time without scoring a field goal, which allowed the 49ers to take a 20-11 lead at the 9:59 mark.
WKU cut the Charlotte lead to 20-15 after Hollingsworth scored four straight points, but Edwards converted a 3-pointer to boost the 49ers to a 23-15 lead at the 7:02 mark.
Hollingsworth scored again, and redshirt freshman guard Jeremiah Gambrell drained a huge 3-pointer in front of Charlotte's bench to bring the Hilltoppers to within five of the 49ers.
The Hillltoppers cut the Charlotte advantage to 27-24 when Anderson scored a fastbreak bucket at the 5:41 mark, but the 49ers pushed their lead to 30-24 when Shepherd drained a 3-pointer at the 4:45 mark.
Edwards picked up Charlotte's fifth offensive rebound of the half, and the 6-foot-4-inch guard was able to score a layup at the 3:51 mark to give the 49ers a 34-26 lead.
Hollingsworth cut into the Charlotte lead by knocking down both of his shots from the free-throw line to make the score 34-28 with just 2:54 remaining in the half.
The Hilltoppers trimmed the 49er lead to 34-30 after Savage also made a pair of free throws at the 2:37 mark.
Justice scored his first basket of the night when he drove in and finished with his left hand to bring the Hilltoppers within two points.
But Martin completed a three-point play for the 49ers lead to push their lead back to 37-32 with 1:45 remaining in the half.
Hollingsworth swished a mid-range jumper with 14 seconds left in the half and then scored a layup as the halftime buzzer sounded, cutting the Charlotte lead to 39-38 at intermission.
The Lexington native was the only player in the first half to reach double figures, posting 14 points. Hollingsworth made six shots from the free-throw line and corralled five rebounds.
Savage was close to reaching double figures, but he finished the half with nine points, three rebounds and three blocks in 16:35 of action.
The Hilltoppers never led in the first half, but WKU erased a nine-point deficit by shooting 47.8% from the floor in the opening half compared to Charlotte's similar 47.1% mark from the field.
Charlotte was led in the first half by Shepherd, who poured in nine points on 4-of-5 shooting from the floor in 17:23 of action. Young and Edwards each added seven points for Charlotte in the first half.
Both teams each finished the first half of play with seven points coming from the bench.
WKU took its first lead of the game on the opening possession of the second half, as Anderson found Hollingsworth for a wide open 3-pointer.
Shepherd reached double figures on the first 49er possession of the half, and he equaled WKU at 41-41 at the 19:12 mark.
Williams completed an old-fashioned three-point play and Anderson scored a basket in transition to push the WKU lead to 46-41 at the 18:34 mark, which caused Charlotte head coach Ron Sanchez to call a full timeout.
The Hilltoppers stretched their lead out to 49-43 after Rawls made his first bucket of the night on a 3-pointer.
WKU scored on its first four possessions, outscoring the 49ers 11-4, but the Hilltoppers missed their first shot of the half at the 16:45 mark when Williams missed a heavily contested shot.
Anderson picked up his fourth personal foul at the 16:05 mark, forcing Stansbury to sit the 6-foot-6-inch guard until he checked in again with only 3:46 left of the game clock.
The 49ers evened the score at 49-49 when freshman guard Brice Williams, who finished with nine total points, knocked down a jumper at the 15:09 mark.
WKU regained the lead at the 14:14 mark after the Hilltoppers went over three minutes without scoring the basketball. Hollingsworth swished in his 19th point to end the scoreless streak, giving the Hilltoppers a 51-49 lead.
Williams then scored his 1,000th career point on a 3-pointer, giving the Hilltoppers a 56-50 advantage at the 13:31 mark.
Fellow 1,000 career-point club member Savage completed a three-point play just 40 seconds later to increase the WKU lead to 59-50.
With WKU holding a nine-point advantage, Charlotte drained a much-needed 3-pointer at the 12:33 mark to cut the Hilltopper lead to 59-53.
Williams attacked the glass once more for the Hilltoppers, and he completed another three-point play to give WKU a 63-55 advantage at the 9:50 mark.
Hollingsworth stayed aggressive from the floor, as the 6-foot-2-inch guard found his way back to free-throw line at the 8:59 mark. He stayed perfect from the line, hitting all three foul shots.
The Hilltoppers pushed their lead to double figures for the time of the game when Savage banked in a 3-pointer in front of the WKU bench at the 7:31 mark.
Hollingsworth drove the lane on the next possession and scored his easiest bucket of the game, increasing the WKU lead to 71-57 at the 7:12 mark.
Savage drained another 3-pointer just 56 seconds later to help the Hilltoppers mount an 11-0 run and take a commanding 74-57 lead with 6:27 left in the contest.
Bamba ended WKU's explosive run by getting fouled and making both of his shots from the free-throw line, cutting the Hilltopper lead to 74-59 at the 6:04 mark.
The Hilltoppers held a decisive 19-point advantage with 2:16 left in the game, which allowed senior forward Matt Horton and redshirt junior guard Patrick Murphy to check in for a few minutes once the game was completely out of reach.
WKU handed the 49ers their first loss in C-USA play, sending Charlotte home with a 17-point loss thanks to a raucous 4,677-person crowd in Diddle Arena
Following the win, the Hilltoppers will square off with archrival Marshall (8-10, 2-3 C-USA) in a unique two-game set next week.
"We know it's never easy going on the road in this league," Stansbury said. "Marshall's got a really good basketball team, so it'll be a really difficult challenge for us up there Wednesday."
WKU will first travel to Huntington, West Virginia, for a Wednesday evening contest before welcoming the Thundering Herd to Bowling Green next Saturday night
Tipoff in the Cam Henderson Center is set for 6 p.m. on Jan. 22, while game time in Diddle Arena is slated for 6:30 p.m. on Jan. 25.
Stadium will broadcast both games exclusively on Facebook.
Reporter Elliott Wells can be reached at [email protected]. Follow Elliott on Twitter at @ewells5.


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Some of the most important folks are very rarely seen. These behind scenes folks are essential to effective ministry and their service makes for a more enjoyable experience for all involved.
Brian and Tracy are tremendous. Their love for God, our church family, and the work of Christ in the world is prolific. They are two of my favorite people on the planet.
Each weekend you will be the recipient of their ministry. It may be in the form of the visuals you see, the audio you hear, the podcast, the web messages, or any other large number of ministry modalities. Their influence is almost everywhere.
I often pray, "Lord, give us more workers like Brian and Tracy."


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We offer a wide range of self-adhesive vinyl options including white self adhesive vinyls, clear films for glazing applications such as shops and offices, optically clear films for maximum clarity and Contra Vision one way film for external windows.
As well as printed designs we produce manifestation safety films from simple dots to complex designs computer cut to your specification ideal for offices and public spaces.
White Self-adhesive Vinyl Printing
White self-adhesive vinyl is used for covering walls, windows and any other flat surface requiring the application of graphics. Self adhesive vinyl is available with either permanent or removable adhesive and with a grey adhesive layer to reduce show through from behind.
We print with both UV and Eco-Solvent inks including and can be laminated for extra protection.
Popular materials:
White SAV with a choice of adhesive and finish
Hi-Tac products for low energy surfaces
Easy Dot for simple bubble free appications
Window Film Graphics
Window film graphics are used for many applications from retail window displays to office partitions and meeting rooms. Vibrant high impact graphics are printed to PVC, Optically Clear and Frosted Films as well as using a huge range of pre-coloured films.
We print with both UV and Eco-Solvent inks including white ink and spot varnish effects.
Popular materials:
Clear PVC Printable Films
Optically Clear Films
Pre-Coloured and Metallic Films
Contra Vision Film
Contra Vision films for one way vision. This film is contained a mesh of clear holes creating the effect that from one side the graphic design is visible and not from the reverse side. This product has typically been used for advertising on vehicles and retail glazing but can also be used to great effect in workplace spaces.
Popular Materials :
Standard 50 / 50 Contra Vision Film.
Now available for application to internal surfaces.
Optically Clear Film
The use of optically clear films enables additional effects not possible with standard PVC films. The optically clear film covers the entire glazing surface enabling printing of fine detail and graduations with out the edge of the film being visable.
Popular uses :
Full Coverage Printing and Graduations.
Retail Window Promotions
White Ink Printing and Spot Varnish Effects
Manifestation Film
From basic safety dots and designs for compliance with building Regulations to creating striking graphic designs. Frosted and etch manifestation films are a traditional affective material.
Popular Uses :
Safety Compliance for Building regulations
Create Privacy for Offices and Meeting Rooms


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Range Oven Heating Bake Element Replacement 316075103 for Kenmore
Replacement bake element made for Kenmore models, including those listed below. If your range oven is not listed, use part numbers and dimensions to determine a fit. Please note that this bake element is an aftermarket part made to models listed.
Dimensions: 19" Wide x 15" Long
Terminals: Push On
Space Between Mounting Brackets & Terminals: 3 1/2"
Space Between Terminals: 13 3/4"
Replaces Part Numbers: 316075104, 316075103, F83-455, 3203534, 316075102, 316075100, ERB5103, TJB5103, AP4356505, AP5306672
For Kenmore Models:


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We have divided the Complete eCommerce Guide into 5 sections :
This guide aims to help the "Average Joe" understand eCommerce better, start and succeed in this business model of the future.
It is very important to understand eCommerce fundamentally so that it will open up your mind for wide range of possibilities you can achieve and utilize it to solve many different kind of consumer/business problems.
1.1 What is eCommerce?
1.2 History of eCommerce
1.3 Types of Things Sold Online
1.4 Types of eCommerce Business Models
1.5 Types of eCommerce Revenue Models
1.6 Advantages of eCommerce
Jeff Bezos, the founder and CEO of amazon is worth over 140 billion dollars, he is the richest man in the world. His company Amazon is reported to have passed the $1 trillion dollar mark! He runs an eCommerce site. That is not the only eCommerce site making it big; you can add eBay, alibaba and aliexpress to this list of world renowned eCommerce businesses.
One of the most common activities of man is buying. Man is a "buying-being". Everyday people are exchanging money for one value or another. People have to buy food, clothes and pay for their mortgage. People are constantly shopping.
eCommerce or electronic commerce is a very common term in our world today. We have bought things from various online stores and this has become a norm today. It is faster, easier and better because we can get the best deals at the best quality.
eCommerce is the act of buying and selling of products and services through the internet. It is leveraging on the internet to sell various kinds of products not restricted to an item. eCommerce can be between business-to-business, consumer-to-consumer, business-to-consumer and consumer-to-business.
eCommerce is the business of the 21st century. With the emergence of the internet, the world has since become a global village and it is much easier for individuals to reach the ends of the world now with their unique products and services. Gone are days when people had to wait for months to receive their goods, today, with the arrival of eCommerce, transactions are made in minutes and goods delivered within minutes and hours.
eCommerce or electronic commerce is a very common term in our world today, which addresses the need of businesses, customers & government to reduce cost and improve the quality of goods and services while increasing the speed of delivery. eCommerce in a most simplest form refers to the paperless exchange of things. Ecommerce refers to commercial transactions conducted online. This means that whenever you buy and sell something using the Internet, you are involved in ecommerce.
Jeff Bezos, the founder and CEO of amazon is worth over 140 billion dollars, he is the richest man in the world. His company Amazon is reported to have passed the $1 trillion dollar mark! He runs an eCommerce site. That is not the only eCommerce site making it big; you can add Alibaba, Flipkart, PayTM Ebay and Aliexpress to this list of world renowned eCommerce businesses.
One of the most common activities of woman/man is buying. Woman-Man is a "buying-being". Everyday people are exchanging money for one value or another. People have to buy food, clothes and pay for their mortgage. People are constantly shopping.
eCommerce is the act of buying and selling of products and services through the internet. It is leveraging on the internet to sell various kinds of products not restricted to an item. eCommerce can be between business-to-business, consumer-to-consumer, business-to-consumer and consumer-to-business.
eCommerce is the business of the 21st century. With the emergence of the internet, the world has since become a global village and it is much easier for individuals to reach the ends of the world now with their unique products and services. Gone are days when people had to wait for months to receive their goods, today, with the arrival of eCommerce, transactions are made in minutes and goods delivered within minutes and hours.
Starting an online store takes few hours as compared to trying to open a brick and mortar store outside. With few dollars, your online rent (domain hosting) is paid for a whole year and more, and you up and running. You have an almost unlimited cyber space to stock as many goods as you would want to stock. You can not get it like that on an offline shop.
The amount of people you can reach is limitless with an online store. With the emergence of internet, the world has become an accessible global village where every business can serve any customer in any place around the world. There are no barriers at all.
The internet came into limelight in 1994 but it was not until 2000 that companies began to represent their services on the internet. Before now, the word "eCommerce" was not limited to the buying of goods on the internet at all. It encompassed technologies such as Electronic Data Interchange and Electronic Funds Transfer; these technologies had already been in use since 1970s.
In 1970, although computers had not yet appeared as they are now known; the first commercial relations arose in which computers were used to transmit data. With this platform, in 1980, catalog commerce was modernized with the help of television through "telesales", which showed greater realism of the products when they were exhibited, highlighting their most important attributes and characteristics. This type of direct sale was made through telephone calls and the payment was made through credit cards.
It was in 1979 when Michael Aldrich, an English entrepreneur, invented the "online shopping" with which enabled the process of online transactions between consumers and companies, or between one company and another. In 1989, technology would have its biggest boom, and therefore electronic commerce, with the appearance of the "www" or World Wide Web. The website, created by Englishman Tim Berners-Lee, completely changed the way of communication and marketing in the world.
Then came the internet and companies like Amazon and eBay were born and they have continued to be relevant till today. Other companies have joined this market and it just keeps expanding.
Today, SAAS (Software As A Service) platforms like Shoppiko have made creating an eCommerce store very easy. The platform takes care of the technical work needed to begin and run the online store for a small subscription fee. It is easier to start an eCommerce store now than it was some 10 years ago because Content Management Systems for building these websites now allow any novice to drag and drop and create one in few hours.
There are different types of eCommerce business models based on its category and base entity as we will see from this section.
There are other types of models also there based on Government, Employees, Machines, etc but here we have tried to cover most popular ones.
The advantages of eCommerce cannot be overemphasized as it has reshaped the market place of today. Trade does not have to be done in person again as the internet is now a perfect leverage. Some of the top advantages for owning an eCommerce business are eliminating distance barriers, acquiring new customers and leads with search engine optimization, low cost of maintenance and rent online, and higher capacity for different types of products and services.
One of the advantages of having an eCommerce store with respect to a physical store is that online stores are open 24 hours a day so that customers can buy when they want. You are no longer limited to the few hours of the day again. Since the world never sleeps, if your eCommerce store can be offering a product or service to everyone in the world if you have the capacity. So, while people in India are fast asleep, people in America can still be making an order and getting their goods. The internet truly never sleeps.
With the coming of the internet and eCommerce, there are no longer geographical barriers to trade again. To buy from a physical store, we have to move to the place of business and as sellers we are confined to selling to a small parameter within our environment, this is not so in eCommerce. The internet releases these barriers and anyone can virtually buy from anywhere (provided you have a good connection), you can make a purchase even from your sitting room and get it delivered to you.
In physical establishments, we have limited exposure of products for space, in eCommerce, this does not occur. We can offer a larger catalogue of products online. Imagine if the size of building it will take for Amazon to put all their physical goods in a spot. Huge right? Yes, that is the space we save on the internet.
The barrier of space does not affect eCommerce at all unless of course, you buy a small disc space for your store through the hosting plan. But in all, there are no limits to what you can sell on an online store.
In the sale of services such as access to paid content, purchase by the user and consumption is immediate and instant. Once you have made payment, the seller makes the transfer. Even on goods, there has been a significant reduction of the time it takes to make deliveries to customers now. People now receive their goods in few minutes or hours as opposed to days when it first started.
Although to start online you need a series of requirements that we will see later, you do not need a physical location in which to locate your products, which in most of the businesses, represents a significant reduction in costs. Imagine the cost of renting a stall offline and stocking it with goods. This high cost is skipped in an eCommerce business.
The cost of maintaining the business is also reduced drastically as the high cost of advertising and promoting the business is reduced to the barest minimum. The social media alone can account for the first set of customers you can get organically.
Manufacturers can sell directly to the customer without having to go through intermediaries, saving margins that can serve to offer discounts to their final customer.
Companies like Aliexpress allow big manufacturers sell directly to individual buyers at very low prices without having to buy from middlemen.
More and more persons are getting online today and they are getting more used to shopping online. We have future predictions that show that in few years to come, most of the world's deal will be done online and offline store will be more of showrooms. This validates the impact eCommerce will have in few years to come.
2.1 Finding Right Products To Sell
2.2 How Do You Wants To Compete
2.3 Select Best Payment Gateway
2.4 Select Best Shipping Gateway
2.5 Choose The Best Platform
2.6 Business Registration & Launch It
Starting an online store takes few hours as compared to trying to open a brick and mortar store outside. With few dollars, your online rent (domain hosting) is paid for a whole year and more, and you up and running. You have an almost unlimited cyber space to stock as many goods as you'd want to stock. You can't get it like that on an offline shop.
The amount of people you can reach is limitless with an online store. With the emergence of internet, the world has become an accessible global village where every business can serve any customer in any place around the world. There are no barriers at all.
More and more persons are getting online today and they are getting more used to shopping online. We have future predictions that show that in few years to come, most of the world's deal will be done online and offline store will be more of showrooms. This validates the impact eCommerce will have in few years to come.
Finding the right product to sell is very important and it is one of the biggest mistakes some people make while creating an eCommerce business. When we look online, it always seems like everything is sold already and there are no spaces left for us. It must not always be so; here are five ways you can find a product to sell.
Yes, it is always easier to flow with your area of passion. It is always easier to market a product when you have an underlying passion for that niche. If you love good clothes, shoes and other fashion products, it will be easier for you to start a fashion store online. Why? Because customers want to buy from people who they believe share like passions with them. This must be done on the right track too. Your passion must be in line with what people also need.
There are lots of problems in the world. In fact, we can never exhaust problems. You must find a pain point and proffer solution to it through your eCommerce store. Look around you and see what problem appeals more to you and solve it. People particularly don't joke with their health and will pay anything to be healthy. This is just one key area you can take advantage of.
The world is dynamic not static. Things come and go and this makes the world interesting. A trend is a new way of doing something in a particular field.
You can easily find trends through industry research publications, social media, google trends, trend hunter and generally on online forums.
Your ability to quickly get in, create products that suit the trend and become an industry name will count a lot.
You can find the best products to start with when you pay attention to customer reviews and feedback on other giant stores.
When you check a feedback, what new problems or wishes does a customer raise for improvement. These could just be a pointer for the need of a new product and you can capitalize on this valuable information.
People are constantly searching for products online. Searching for keyword means determining the search queries people are making for a particular product and what they asking for. Google is the best place to get information on keywords.
You can make your own products yourselft. This will require lot of resources and time so you need to define your goals first before choosing this option.
Get products from popular Manufacturers, it is always a good practice to contact the direct manufacturer first to get better rates or even proper information about from where to get their products near by you.
Get products from the wholesaler in cheaper price so that you can make good money on it. You can easily find wholesalers near by your location to save money on shipping to your location.
You can tie-up with certain types of manufacturer or wholesaler to allow you do dropship products on request, with them you do not need to purchase products in advance or need to keep stock of products. This is the best way to choose as it will save money and time both.
Platforms like Amazon have served as a catalyst for many companies of medium and small size to make the leap to the online world. It is evident, however, that there is life beyond the universe of Jeff Bezos and that, at present, there are many tools available to eCommerce stores to achieve positioning and compete in the global market of eCommerce and maximize the benefits with an own online presence, unique and singular, in which the satisfaction of each client is the most important.
It is no less true that, as more companies and entrepreneurs compete in the arena of electronic commerce, it is imperative to be able to build in the online medium similar experiences to those of physical stores and this implies, beyond providing access to products and services, offer credibility, interactivity and emotion. For this it is necessary to make use of tools for analysis, optimization and conversion of potential customers into real and loyal customers.
Web monitoring, traffic analysis and heat maps are also integrated into the platform to enable, on the one hand, a response in real time appropriate to the particular characteristics of each user and, on the other hand, tuning practically in time the online store
Competing successfully in the global market of electronic commerce is not a question of size but, and fundamentally, of customer experience
There are multiple parameters we can consider for competition
Compete by Price, which means you need to sell the product at the cheapest price possible. This method is very easily to attract customers as cheaper iteams attract more and more consumers to shop on your store.
Compete by quality, which means you need to make your products highest quality possible so that your customers will recommend your product themselves. With this you will have a really good return customer base to help you keep growing.
Compete by selection, which means you need to provide almost all types of variations of particular items so that your customers does not have to keep moving around to find different items, it will be convenient for customers to remember a single brand to shop for many different items.
Compete by value add, which means you need to add value to the existing items and make it more flexible for your customers. Example, provide free shipping, provide free installation services, etc. This will help you attract more customers to get more with their purchase.
Compete by service, which means you need to provide extra ordinary services with your selling so that customer will get amazed with addon services and they will be your loyal customers for long-time. This method might increase your cost to provide better addon services but in long-term its will be worth.
It is essential to offer the maximum possible payment methods in your online store. If you can offer 4, better than 3. There are still people who do not trust buying online, and only place orders with stores that offer the Cash on delivery method, since they will only pay upon receiving the package. Others always use the card because they understand that there will be a company behind and some use a bank transfer because it is more convenient for them.
In most countries, there is a big problem with banks and payment gateways. Many of them only offer the service to companies that have been operating with them for some time, or to large companies.
But if you see that it is very complicated, either because of the banks or because of technical limitations when it comes to integrating the payment gateway (implementation is somewhat complicated and requires knowledge in PHP), there are alternative solutions such as the Paypal integral gateway.
Paypal puts at our disposal a payment gateway that will allow us to charge our customers with a card. The "installation" is extremely simple and the only cost that will have for us will be the commission that Paypal will charge for each transaction made. All in all, it is a very good way to start.
Shipping is very important for an eCommerce store because this is basically how your product will get to the hands of the buyer. Shipping costs if not calculated well can hinder you from making profits or progress. There are some things you must put in place before shipping. Your shipping rates and your shipping method must be considered. You must also consider the weight of the product you are shipping and the shipping company you will use or not.
The best way to get customers however is to offer them free shipping. Humans naturally love free things and when they see that things are free, they are naturally going to be attracted to it. You should however put part of the shipping into the price of the product for profit sake. This is you sharing the cost with the customer.
Things you must consider before shipping:
1. Product weight and size
This is the first determinant of the type of shipping method you will use. If the products you sell are all the same in size and weight, you have solved half of the problem. The remaining will now be to ascertain the distance of the buyer.
Size and weight matters a lot. There is a big difference in shipping a refrigerator and shipping a pair of shoe.
2. Shipping destination
How far from your base are you making the shipping or delivery to? You must always consider the time taken for the product to reach the buyer. Close distances or same city deliveries always attract lower fees when compared to farther distances.
3. Shipping/ delivery options
The speed for delivery also matters when shipping a product. Same day delivery often costs more than 3-7 days. You can always give this option to your buyers if it is ok by them.
At present there are many Content Management Systems (CMS) for eCommerce that are totally free and completely reliable. All of them are designed to a greater or lesser extent so that they can be used by people without too much technical knowledge.
In addition, being open source tools and known by a large number of professionals, there are many companies and freelancers that for a small fee can retouch or expand those features that you cannot do on your own.
CMS that are also recommended would be: Magento, Oscommerce, Virtuemart (Joomla), Zencart, Opencart, Digistore or Drupal Ecommerce.
All of them allow the selection of different design templates, both free and paid, that will cover all your needs. Choose a template with an attractive, usable and action-oriented design to create your online store.
When choosing the hosting, take into account that you have the CMS that you have chosen pre-installed, so the installation will be automatic and simple.
If you want to sell without worrying about technical things, it is best to use an online store service like Shoppiko, especially if you are just starting out.
Business registration is country dependent. But all things being equal, you will have to choose a name that is unique and has not been used by any other business prior to the time you are to register yours. Also, you will make the choice of registering it as a Limited Liability company or as a corporate entity.
Launching your eCommerce business is a very strategic action. For most startups, launching is the best time to get your name or business out there. Here are few things you can do before your launch.
Build hype:
Build social media hype around your eCommerce website. Go online and spread the news about what you do and what you and what you sell. You can decide to do some countdown or do a campaign to get more people involved.
Give out lots of free stuffs: One way to get more people to know about your new shop is to give out lots of freebies or discounts for a start. People generally love freebies no matter the amount of money they have. Therefore, imprint your name in their hearts by giving them discounts and free stuffs.
Running an ecommerce can be a herculean task if done alone or without proper knowledge. That is why it is recommended that one has a team working together to achieve more. In this section, we will look at getting a store admin, managing orders and managing inventory.
3.1 Store Administration
3.2 Managing Inventory
3.3 Managing Orders
3.4 Managing Abandoned Carts
3.5 Handling Returns
3.6 Provide Best-In-Class Support
Store administration is very important for ecommerce success. The processes involved are as important as starting out. It is best to get an admin staff if you will be involved in the branding and marketing.
Store administration has to do with controlling and managing the day to day activities that keep the store running successfully. This would involve taking inventory of products available, stocking and taking and fulfilling orders.
Managing inventory has to do with making sure there are always products available for sales and delivery behind the eCommerce site. This could be a challenge for small businesses that may not have all the funds to keep all the products they are willing to offer.
Use an inventory management system
Most Content Management Systems come with a pre-installed inventory management system. You can take advantage of these tools. There are also lots existing software that can manage our stores perfectly.
Inventory management software can help show real-time tracking of all of your sales and inventory, so you can manage multiple locations through one interface. You will have all the stock levels of your stores in one place.
You can also have a staff dedicated to be in charge of tracking and managing the inventory before it comes short.
Receiving an order is one of the major goals of an eCommerce owner set. This could mean that the customer has paid already or will pay on delivery. Order management has to do with keeping proper track of data, people, processes that are involved in the order process. It has to do with everything that involves taking and filling orders.
Before now, order management was a paper process but with new systems and software available, it can be completely automated. Some CMS come with order management systems pre-installed already. Other software like Handshake can also be used to manage and track all order processes.
"Abandoned carts" in an online store is a metric that worries all eCommerce owners or those in charge of managing an ecommerce.
For some reason, at a certain point in the purchase process, the user decides to leave the cart before paying.
In these cases the web analytics plays a fundamental role since through a conversion funnel it could be analyzed if the problem is at some point of the purchase process.
These are just some reasons why a user may decide not to finalize the purchase in an online store:
The sum of the shipping costs slows down the customer
Payment options are limited
An unusable order form
Some error in the payment gateway
However, it is also possible that simply the user has been distracted by something else, has received a call, had to go without time to complete the purchase.
There are tools allow you to send several emails to user to remind them that they have not finalized their purchase.
You can even customize some type of fixed or percentage discount on the price of the product or shipping costs to seduce the most reticent customers.
If the reason for abandonment is a serious problem in your platform then you might just need to focus on fixing it but if it another reason than sending emails can do the magic.
For many eCommerce sellers, just thinking about returns and especially international returns, is a real headache. They change the profit margin; they cause a lot of logistical and administrative problems.
A policy and logistics of returns is needed that can be executed perfectly, with transparent processes to foster trust with the client, which on the other hand, are feasible and profitable for the seller. This is because the rationalization of a return policy is vital to success in an eCommerce market.
From the customer's perspective, online shopping means sacrificing the ability to see, touch and test an item in exchange for other benefits, such as convenience, a better price or the availability of a certain product. In spite of that, the idea that the product may or may not be imagined or may arrive damaged creates a need in the client to know exactly how to return the products and receive their money back. An unclear refund policy is the second reason why the purchase process is abandoned.
Research conducted by UPS and ComScore recently revealed that 53% of customers were satisfied when the return policy and procedure was clear and transparent.
When selecting a retailer, buyers value return policies that offer convenience and money-saving initiatives. A pre-printed return label on the box, the possibility of returning items to a store and - above all, returns free of additional costs - are factors that increase the purchase intention.
For smaller companies, working with a local partner (smaller or more specialized) for the management of returns can be a solution: Clients can send their unwanted merchandise back to an address in your own country. The seller can choose whether to include a label for free returns or let the consumer pay for the return: As it is a local shipment, they will be efficient expenses. The local partner who handles the return and makes all the administrative procedures necessary for the operation. Shipments to the exterior warehouse of this vendor are allied in order to reduce costs. In this way, the seller can offer the customer greater comfort without increasing the price of the return.
Returns are a fundamental success factor for international online retail. Customers include the return policy in the purchase decision, and the return experience is an important part of the impression that the retailer makes in the buyer. For retailers, international returns require a good deal of strategic planning in order to minimize costs, maximize customer confidence and comfort, and make the entire project feasible in light of profitability. The decision to handle and manage returns from home or through subcontracting to a logistics provider or local partner depends on the scale of the company's international business and available resources.
One way to stay relevant and in the eCommerce business is to provide the best in class support for your customers. Make sure they never have an issue not quickly attended to. Include a chat button so that you can keep in prompt touch with them and always remember that the customer is always right.
Growth is very important. Without it, the business process will be a boring journey full of regrets. Growing your eCommerce store takes some measure of action. One of the important is Conversion Optimization for eCommerce, Here are practical steps you can take to completely optimize your eCommerce website:
Minimize the steps of the purchase process: Each extra step during the purchase process is a step towards the abandonment of the process by the user. It is essential to reduce the number of clicks and pages necessary to make a purchase.
Optimize the time it takes to load: Optimize the loading time of your website. The loading time of an ecommerce has a direct impact on sales. If an eCommerce does not load quickly, the user will leave: If the loading speed of the eCommerce is slow, customers will abandon it, the bounce rate will increase, and sales will decrease. According to Google, 29% of smartphone users automatically change sites if this works poorly or takes too long to load.
Adapt to mobile / responsive: If the eCommerce purchase process is not responsive, the eCommerce will lose many sales. In 2016, 50% of online purchases were made from a mobile device. Users who access from mobile phones and tablets do not finish the purchase in an eCommerce that is not responsive.
Offer multiple payments: Make sure that ecommerce has enabled payment methods such as debit or credit card, PayPal, Stripe, cash on delivery and bank transfer. The simpler the buying process, the more likely to convert to sale.
4.1 SEO for eCommerce
4.2 Advertising for eCommerce
4.3 Marketing for eCommerce
4.4 Sales for eCommerce
4.5 Conversion Optimization for eCommerce
4.6 User Experience (UX) for eCommerce
4.7 eCommerce Analytics
SEO is Search Engine Optimization. This is what brings traffic to your eCommerce store and helps it to rank high on search engines like Google.
When creating an online store do not forget to create a blog to accompany it. This is important because some keywords can be focused on in the article which will be picked by search engines when people search for it.
Although it is always advisable to create a blog that talks about our sector and everything that surrounds it, and that also helps us to promote our products in some way, directly or indirectly on forums or other websites because this increases out backlinks and help your website rank better.
Also, always encourage user reviews on your eCommerce page. This is the same strategy used by Amazon. This is because, the more unique content your website has, the better ranked it will become.
Another key SEO technique is ensuring stress free site navigation on your website. Organize the pages well and use categories to make them look arranged.
Always make your website easy to navigate and go through.
Make sure your website is optimized to load faster. Reduce the size of the images so that the site is not slow but make sure the images are still very clear and sharp to the eye.
It will be a big plus to optimize your eCommerce site for mobile use. This is because most persons now seem to order from mobile than through their personal computers.
Also integrate the site to your social media pages for easy sharing on Facebook, twitter, instagram and other social media.
Thanks to online advertising, we can make our online store known in an economical way but above all in a big way. Using correctly the free analysis tools that the Internet puts at our disposal, we can know exactly which advertising campaigns give us benefits and which do not work, being able to rectify quickly and avoiding unnecessary losses.
There are different kinds of advertising options available like
To start advertising on the internet, I would recommend using advertising in Google search results using Ads. Google Ads is flexible, has a high source of traffic and you will get very transparent results.
Facebook advertising is another great medium to get your eCommerce out. Facebook has more than 2 billion users and it is the most visited social media. Facebook allows you target people that have an interest in what you sell. With the right advert copy, facebook gives you a large pool of customers that can buy from you.
Instagram, twitter and LinkedIn are other social media platforms you can capitalize on and get sales. It is important to realize that you must be deliberate about providing good content before sharing your product links. You are not just out to make sales but to build a community of loyal customers.
Marketing is indeed one of the most important areas of starting and succeeding in your eCommerce business because this is essentially where money is brewed from. Marketing is converting leads into sales.
Create your own online marketing strategy: Make special offers, prepare a social media strategy, organize contests, make a personalized follow-up of your clients, and write press releases. Do everything possible to publicize your brand and your products.
As in all businesses, you must sell to survive. It's no use that your store is the best if nobody knows, it's no use that your prices are the most competitive if nobody sees your products. You must make the effort to go out and sell, or at least carry out the relevant marketing actions to achieve the necessary sales.
Affiliate marketing is also key method for increasing sales. Affiliate marketing is the art of setting commissions for referred sales. Affiliate marketers can be social influencers or people who can give your eCommerce store direct traffic that can lead to sales. With affiliate marketing, traffic can come from anywhere.
Email marketing is another sought after strategy for gaining customers and making sales. You can provide a free report or send newsletters to visitors to their emails when they subscribe. However, after this is achieved, you can now send them your products also.
Here are some tips to help you increase sales on your eCommerce website
1) Improve the user experience and web usability
Be clear that your marketing strategy can go to waste if your website is not ready to give the best of it.
The user experience and web usability are two basic aspects that must be taken into account when launching any type of online project, and even more so if it is a sales channel.
When a user makes an online purchase, you are asking them to trust someone who they cannot see. Therefore, what is going to make them trust you is the value they get on the web page.
In other words, the corporate website or online store will be the letter of presentation of your business. If in it things are not clear, users will not take long to go to the site of your most direct competitors.
It is for this reason that the best of experiences should be given, making everything comfortable and friendly, and looking for harmony in design, content and usability.
2) Include calls to action
Calls to action are messages that are usually presented as a button that direct users towards a specific action. In this case, they could be calls to visit a letter of products, add an item to the basket or complete the purchase process.
However, depending on the channel that we are and the message to be disseminated, they can also be used to obtain subscriptions to a newsletter or to download valuable content.
And that is, calls to action are very flexible and valid elements for email marketing, ads on social networks or display, as well as any web element (such as pop-ups, forms or banners).
3) Share your story with good storytelling
Applying emotions in commercial messages is one of the best ways to humanize a brand. Getting to transmit something to users through your story will make them feel closer, more human and more reliable.
In this sense, storytelling refers to the technique with which to tell this story in the right way to create an enveloping atmosphere that makes users enter it. That they feel each one of the emotions that you want to transmit and that they make them theirs.
Conversion optimization has to do with all the tasks and activities you must carry out to produce sales. Conversion is the major bane of eCommerce as it is basically the major reason we start the business in the first place.
To optimize sales conversion, the site loading time must be very fast. The eCommerce site must also be very mobile friendly as most people tend to access the internet through their mobile phones now.
Also, reduce any form of activity that will lead to people leaving the site to check somewhere else for more information about a product. Also, reduce asking for too much personal information leading to the conversion in the order process.
To optimize the conversion, Fyoosion has tools as effective as the A / B Testing, an engine that allows to check in real time the effectiveness of several options and deploy, in a matter of clicks, the best of them. The automatic verification of the location of the potential client to personalize the experience to his profile, as well as the control of fraud are also functionalities integrated in the platform with the ultimate goal of interacting with customers in the online world with the same level of personalization and the same logic as in a physical space.
Research shows that people are likely to buy repeatedly from an eCommerce store they found appealing and in which they had a great experience on. What makes a an eCommerce site appealing is the experience the site provides the buyer in the process leading to checkout and sales.
A smooth experience will lead to increase in sales and so it is important to provide the best experience possible for your buyer to buy easily and refer others to your site. UX is increased by the site layout and organization, the design and colors used on the site, the content organization and words used.
Having clear and appropriate objectives to measure the activity on a website is very important. A measurement strategy is the first step to a good analytical program. The ultimate goal of any eCommerce is to sell a product. Almost any other metric that is selected is practically only a diagnosis to reach that end.
There are different types of metrics that can be used for analytics in an eCommerce. Some are:
Soft conversions
Main indicators
Diagnostic metrics
The analysis in an eCommerce is vital because it is the tool that allows us to better know our customers and customize our website almost to the taste of those who visit online store.
Apple has more and more spectacular stores known as flagships, but few people buy them. They are a showcase. Because the largest sales volume of the technology firm is produced online. The following data serves as an example: in 2016, the web page of the US multinational received 2,900,000 unique visitors per month, and invoiced, in this way, in the aforementioned year more than 3,325 million dollars from sales online.
eCommerce has completely revolutionized trade, and will continue to do so. It has also changed buying habits. It has also modified the strategy of companies to adapt to this new model of consumption. Worldwide, online sales grew by more than 20% at the end of 2017 compared to the previous year and it will keep increasing in the future. In fact, the opportunities offered by online commerce have made it a fundamental part of the tactics of companies, so that the physical and online experience are aligned and coordinated,
The objective of physical stores will be where the consumer needs them and offer a unique experience. One example is Amazon, whose seal of identity has always been online sales, but since 2015 it has physical stores where consumers can find books, electronic devices and even food products. It is a way to create brand awareness, because there is no need for someone to charge you for the purchase, something you can do with the phone, since it frees the staff to serve the client, to advise him.
1. The future is marked by the rise of pop-ups, ephemeral stores, which in the coming years will favor contact with different lines of business of a brand. Consumers will reach a level of confidence with a brand in very few contacts in physical stores, and will make buying decisions in simple pop ups anywhere online. Pop ups like "hey, we just stocked your favorite shoe, buy now†and by clicking buy now, your new shoe will delivered in few minutes. Super-fast trades.
2. Another trend is the generation of experiences, through the augmented reality, which has the capacity to break the barriers between the digital world and the physical world, uniting the experience of online and offline commerce. This is what the British fashion firm Burberry has done, which is already using this technology in its London flagship of Regent Street to facilitate the generation of experiences among its customers. In the next few years, a customer can try on jewelry or clothes, or see the products that can be purchased at home through augmented reality.
3. The portable devices of the future will collect a large amount of information from the context of the user, their emotional or health status, and will use this information to develop products and adapted advertising messages. "Big data is key to the evolution of retail, so if you know how to use that information on how you spend and have your time, the customer can be very important for the mall."
4. Another trend will be hyper connectivity and personalization, since the machine-to-machine connection will increase the efficiency of retailers allowing them to follow the demand, improving the efficiency of the supply chain.
5. New forms of order delivery will also emerge, from initiatives such as Uber to the use of cars without a driver or drones. And, finally, new payment systems will be established, yes, without intermediaries.
5.1 Mobile eCommerce
5.2 Personalize eCommerce
5.3 Artifical Intelligence (AI) In eCommerce
5.4 Voice eCommerce
5.5 Augmented Reality eCommerce
5.6 Virtual Reality eCommerce
5.7 Decentralize eCommerce
One of the main reasons why mobile Ecommerce is so important for your business has to do with the fact that currently, more than half of Internet traffic comes from a mobile device. In other words, more than half of the people who are now browsing the Internet are doing it through a smart phone, a tablet or other mobile devices with access to the web.
It is therefore clear that it is important to ensure that your Ecommerce website is perfectly optimized for mobile viewing. In fact, if you want to be successful with your Ecommerce store, it is absolutely a priority to meet the needs of mobile users. Not doing that simply means that you are ignoring your potential clients.
And not only is the fact that the number of users accessing the web from a Tablet or Smartphone , is significantly greater than the number of users who do it from the PC. Suffice it to mention that during the Christmas shopping season last year, one third of all those online purchases came from smartphone users.
The important point has to do with the fact that it is now statistically much more likely that the customers of your Ecommerce are interacting with your site from a mobile phone or from a Tablet, instead of from a desktop computer. This means that if your potential customers do not receive a browsing and shopping experience that meets all their needs, they will simply end up looking at other online stores, even if that means paying a little more for the product.
Personalization in eCommerce has to with giving customers a specialized and personal shopping experience based on their previous buying habits, their location and based on what they have interest in.
If we take the position of being retailers, we must take into account our users and help them achieve what they are looking for, whether it is a direct purchase or just provide them with all kinds of information.
Here are some tools that can help personalization:
A recommendation engine: which is able to offer the user alternatives to purchase (to convert undecided users), complementary products (to increase the average value of orders), or even personalized recommendations (which allow us to offer a showcase to each one of our customers).
Personalized email marketing tools that allow us to recover abandoned carts by sending reminders of the carts generated by users in our store and left abandoned before the end of the checkout process, or even allow us to generate personalized newsletters so that each of Our users receive a selection of the products that may interest them the most.
A system of behavioral targeting in-site, that allows us to create dynamic rules based on behavior, to offer discounts or promotions to those users who are more active in our store, or allow us to redirect the navigation of users who have accessed our store from a search engine, so that we facilitate them to find what they need.
Artificial intelligence is an area of computer science that develops intelligent systems, machines capable of behaving and making decisions that are normally attributed to human intelligence, such as natural language, recognizing a person by their face, by their voice, putting in context a series of data or information and act accordingly, improvise and make intelligent decisions from new variables.
It seemed like science fiction but it is already a reality in many sectors. The artificial intelligence is an unstoppable market and it will be difficult to conceive the future without its development. In fact, it is already impossible to understand the current world without intelligent technologies. They make our lives easier without us noticing. The artificial intelligence in eCommerce has come to stay and satisfy the desire of many companies to outperform their competitors.
Artificial intelligence in eCommerce helps salespeople to offer personalized buying and selling experiences thanks to the analysis of customer consumption patterns. The key is in the quality of the available data and in the capacity of each company to examine the data effectively.
Before they were used to program an alarm, find a contact or search for information on the web without the need to touch the screen. Now, the voice assistants give a quantitative leap to help the user in their home purchases, ask for a taxi or simply cancel the pending bills. In the last year companies like Amazon, Samsung and Apple have made ambitious bets to boost the trade by voice or v-commerce. Alexa, Bixby, Google Assistant and Siri , leading voice assistants in the digital market, now have integrated services in the home that make their operations not only focused on helping the user in the management of their device, but also for Acquire products and benefits through their use.
The main reasons that will explain the growth of the importance of voice assistants in electronic commerce are, as indicated in the study, the convenience offered to users both to communicate and to perform other tasks simultaneously, as well as automation It offers in recurring uses.
One of the latest phenomenon that is making news in ecommerce is that of augmented reality. For those who do not know what it is, the augmented reality is as simple as adding information and virtual elements in the real world, and enjoying it through devices such as a Smartphone, tablet, computer or a virtual reality glasses.
Through augmented reality, online businesses can offer much more visual information to the user, before they make their purchase.
This favors the confidence of the customer in the eCommerce and, especially, in the product that is buying, as well as substantially improves the shopping experience, adding a point of fun and entertainment.
Having an online store has many advantages; one of them is availability 24 hours so that buyers can buy the products they want at any time of the day. The real challenge is to convince customers to buy an item they cannot physically touch; they can easily get distracted and leave our website with just one click. That is why virtual reality in eCommerce is a very attractive subject. Virtual reality allows consumers to be approached in a different and more attractive way, to impact and bring a new experience to the user.
Although virtual reality stands out more in the games and entertainment scene, it is already being applied in other sectors and one of them is eCommerce. VR makes eCommerce a fun and immersive experience, eliminating the big problem of not being able to touch products to convince customers.
Ways to apply Virtual Reality within an Electronic Commerce or Ecommerce
It is clear that virtual reality is not here to replace physical purchases, but it can provide a new experience that is very attractive to people. With a VR team, someone can pretend to be walking through an online store and observing an orderly and visually striking environment. Clicks disappear in links and the user begins to explore the online store in a different way. Here are some examples of well-known eCommerce sites that implemented this technology.
If you are thinking about applying this technology to your business, you will need to follow some steps to achieve it.
It is clear that not everyone has a pair of VR glasses at home. Many have only experienced this technology thanks to demonstrations in exhibitions or in shopping centers with stands that promote these products.
Before starting, you have to establish the objectives that virtual reality will fulfill for your company. Determine the audience we are addressing is essential to know how to attract it and the experience we want to share with them. This will allow us to draw an action plan.
Now, touching the hardware issue, we have to know well what equipment we will need so that virtual reality in eCommerce is something possible for us. An excellent idea is to use free initiatives such as Google Cardboard where people will only use their smartphones to enjoy any VR application. They can also use more advanced glasses such as Oculus Rift or HTC Vive to allow users to experience the products and make purchases through the virtual reality application.
Decentralizing eCommerce has to do with breaking every process that makes for a completely central running of an ecommerce store. This has to do with delegating the various processes of eCommerce to third parties.
When you are the only one doing everything, the business will be too centralized but when some tasks are shifted to other parties, it is easier to be more effective and make more sales and impact.
- Jeff Bezos (Founder of Amazon.com)


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It is no secret that Wall Street honcho Tom Lee is a big believer in cryptocurrency, especially Bitcoin. In the past, he has made outlandish claims regarding the price of Bitcoin but has been wrong on more than a few occasions. However, as per Lee's latest forecast, the cryptocurrency market is set to recover soon owing to a host of important announcements that are in the pipeline.
Major Announcements Will Spur Market Growth
Citing positive developments such as Japanese e-commerce company Rakuten recently announcing that it was planning to launch its very own cryptocurrency, Lee said that "the large sell-off in bitcoin and others at the start of the year was an overshoot to the downside".
Additionally, Lee has also gone on record to say that in the coming few weeks, Bitcoin will close back on its price target of $20,000 and hit a year-end goal of $25,000. It is also interesting to note that while many big-name financial firms have recently published reports on the future of various crypto assets, Lee is one of the sole Wall Street players to issue formal price targets on bitcoin.
In addition to the aforementioned Rakuten example, Lee also cited other important developments which he believes will spur the economic progress of the crypto domain, such as:
- Messaging Giant Line revealed some months back that it will be launching a new subsidiary product called Line Financial that will allow users to exchange digital currencies.
- Starbucks recently mentioned the possibility of deploying a protocol that will allow customers to pay via cryptocurrencies.
Final Thoughts
While it remains to be seen if Lee's words come to fruition, the fact that major Wall Street institutions are now actively analyzing every small movement within the crypto market is a positive step forward for this industry as a whole.


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The kitchen is the heart and soul of your home, where everyone gathers no matter the occasion. The remodel of this space can increase the value of your home, it can also create many headaches. There will seem to a million decision you have to make.
Style of cabinets, flooring, countertops, and everything else that will go into this remodel. It can be overwhelming and feel like a never-ending process. One area that can be simplified is choosing the right kitchen sink from the IPT Sink Company. Based in Marietta, Ga.
Table Of Contents
Top IPT Sink Reviews
They have built their reputation on great service, quality products, and amazing prices. Their sinks provide form, function, and style to any kitchen.
Farmhouse Apron Front 33″ Double Bowl Kitchen Sink
The first sink on the list is beautiful and functional. The Farmhouse Apron Front 33 has 50/50, double bowl sink measuring in at 33X18X10, there is more than enough room for anything your family can throw at it.
With the ten-inch-deep bowls even the larges of pot will be a breeze to clean. This product is impact resistant and stands up to scratches well. The granite and acrylic combination create a non-porous surface that is stain resistant and simple to clean.
A soft cloth or sponge with a mild soap is all you will need. This sink also includes an anti-bacterial hygienic layer that stops germs from growing. Keeping you, your family, and food safe from contamination.
This sink can be installed as a floating sink or flush beside kitchen cabinetry. The white glazed finish sink is sculpted from fireclay and exposed to extreme temperatures, developing a smooth enamel finish that's strong stain, and scratch-resistant that stands up to everyday use.
Crafted by hand with exceptional care, subtle design details throughout the rectangular basin and apron front panel enhance the sink's artisanal appearance. Complements classic and contemporary kitchen design with the style, durability, and value offered in this sink it will be an easy choice for you and your family for years of worry-free use.
- 100% NATURAL NON-POROUS SURFACE | Fade-resistant white glazed finish stays shiny and bright for...
- Deep Double Basin Design is ideal for multitasking, separating food prep from cleaning up
- Zero faucet holes allows for true customization of the placement of the kitchen faucet, soap...
Kitchen Sink Stainless Steel Drop In Top Mount 60/40
The next sink in the IPT sink company's product line also happens to be their most popular model. It is the Kitchen sink Stainless Steel Drop In Top Mount a stylish 22 gauge, 33-inch, 60/40 double bowl stainless steel sink.
Made from heavy duty 304 Grade Stainless Steel it is tough, sleek and reduces noise. The corrosion-resistant surface is further protected from rust and oxidation by a meticulous finishing process. Commercial-grade satin finish and gently rounded corners make maintenance as simple as wiping the surface with a damp cloth.
The 60/40 split double basin design is ideal for multitasking, separating food prep from clean up. Zero faucet holes allows for true customization of the placement of the kitchen faucet, soap dispenser and accessories.
A coordinating stainless steel basket strainer stops the finest crumbs from going down the drain. Rear drain position and Rear drain position engineered for Optimal Drainage and keeps glassware from falling when placed in the sink.
This luxury edition will be an eye-catching addition to your kitchen and fits well with most solid surface counter tops. This sink is high quality and can stand toe-to-toe with any name brand competitor at nearly half the cost. Add this model to short list of possibilities for your kitchen remodel and the cooks in the family will thank you.
- DENT RESISTANT: Heavy Duty 304 Grade Stainless Steel 33-inch Kitchen Sink 20-Gauge for strength and...
- DEEP SINK:with 60 40 Double bowl configuration big enough to soak largest pots and pans. This double...
- EASY TO CLEAN: This Beautiful 33x22 inch Top-mount 60/40 large double sink soft satin brushed finish...
Kitchen Sink Stainless Steel Drop In Top Mount 50/50
The last model on the list is IPT's 33-inch, Kitchen Sink Stainless Steel Drop In Top Mount, 50/50 bowl, undercounter mount sink. This too is from the Luxury line of products offered by IPT sink company. The brushed finish is stunning and will last years. The 8-inch deep bowls come with matching draining racks and drains.
The depth of these bowl will make cleaning of large pots easier and reduce the time spent doing this chore. As with the model above the stainless steel is heat and scratch resistant, keeping the sink looking new for years.
It has a sprayed layer of sound proofing and an extra rubber layer to dampen sound. No more loud clunks coming from the kitchen. Built tough so you don't have to worry about damage from daily use.
Adding to this already sturdy sink is a reinforced under panel to help support the weight of heavy dishes. The stainless steel makes this sink simple to clean and disinfect; you and your family won't have to fear bacteria build up contaminating your food. With the undercabinet mounting it will go great with most solid surface countertops.
- DENT RESISTANT: Heavy Duty 304 Grade Stainless Steel 33-inch Kitchen Sink 20-Gauge for strength and...
- DEEP SINK: with 50 50 Double bowl configuration big enough to soak largest pots and pans. The...
- EASY TO CLEAN: This Beautiful 33x22 in. Double Basin sink soft satin brushed finish is easy to clean...
Final Thoughts on IPT Sinks
Remodeling a kitchen can be an overwhelming and stressful job creating some sleepless nights. It seems every detail and decision needs to be perfect. With all the options available to the homeowner there will be a lot of second guessing.
One area that this agony can be relieved by shopping the IPT sink company for your sink. With great looks, quality manufacturing, functionality, and value you know you're making the right choice.
The granite composite or one of the two stainless steel models will be a wonderful addition to the heart and soul of your home. IPT sink company offers amazing service. Don't let the challenge of choosing the perfect sink leave you feeling drained, go with IPT Sink Company.


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It's the best Japanese socks you will find with a manga style.
These manga socks are a tribute to Japanese culture and the Japanese dragon that stem from it!
In Asian mythology, the dragon is a god respected and not feared as it may be in Western culture. This red dragon flies over Japanese landscapes with its long serpentine body!
The style of this pair of cotton socks has been inspired by Japanese cartoons. These socks are most useful to wear during a festival like Hanami. This is a Japanese festival during which we contemplate the beauty of cherry blossoms! The dragon symbolizes strength and good fortune!
This pair of Japanese socks is comfortable and soft to wear. It is also an ideal accessory to differentiate yourself, if you want to have Japanese streetwear or a traditional style that stands out.
- Material: cotton and elastane
- Style: Japanese folklore
- Size: 39 to 45
Between two and four days
🇺🇸: Ten to twenty business days
🌐: Fourteen to twenty five business days
You have 14 days to return your item. Please contact us first via the contact form or by email: firstname.lastname@example.com. The after-sales service will tell you the return process.


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FHA loans are more accessible for those without great credit or money for a down payment.. Plan ahead – get mortgage rates today. for the lowest minimum down payment fell from 620 in 2014 to 580 this year. that much, there's nothing wrong with taking a few years to fix it before buying a house.
15 Year Mortgages – Current Mortgage Rates Today – Should You Choose a 15 Year Mortgage Rate? At first glance, anyone that might consider taking on a 15 year mortgage might find the notion not only a logical choice, but a reasonable option as well. While the monthly payments are indeed larger, the obvious end-game results in the homeowner being able to pay off the mortgage in half the standard time of 30 years.
Check Current Mortgage Rates – Check Current Mortgage Rates.. NATIONAL CONFORMING 30 YEAR FIXED RATES. featured rates search Mortgage Rates. Mortgage101 Daily Rate Averages are collected.
The average rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage fell six basis points, the rate on the 15-year fixed dropped three basis points and the rate on the 5/1 ARM fell three basis points, according to.
The largest one-week fall in 30-year fixed mortgage rates in more than 10 years greeted mortgage shoppers this week, as global financial markets remain highly unsettled amid weak growth and inflation.
Mortgage rates on 30-year home loan hit 5 percent, a nearly 8-year high – Rates on the most common mortgage topped 5 percent for the first time since February 2011, making it even harder for buyers to get an affordable house. The average rate on the 30-year fixed-rate home.
FHA Loan: Rate is fixed. The payment on a $203,500, 30-year fixed rate loan at 4.125% and 76.22% loan-to-value (LTV) is $1118.56 with 2.125 Points due at closing. Payment includes a one time upfront mortgage insurance premium (MIP) at 1.75% of the base loan amount and a monthly MIP calculated at 0.80% of the base loan amount.
First Time Home Owners Loan Requirements Common Questions from First-time Homebuyers – HUD.gov / US. – Some types of loans require 10-20% of the purchase price. That's why many first- time homebuyers turn to HUD's FHA for help. FHA loans require very little down.
FHA Rates – Current FHA Interest Rates, Best 30-year Rate – 30-Year Fixed FHA Rate: The payment on a $200,000 at 3.5% is $898.09. This interest rate includes no points due at closing. 12-17-2013 The APR on this proposed loan would be 3.5% because there is no closing costs with this option. The payment example does not include taxes and insurance.
15 Year Fha Refinance Rates 15 Year Fha Refinance Rates – 15 Year Fha Refinance Rates – We are offering to refinance your mortgage rate in order to take advantage of lower mortgage rates, visit our site for more information. It is important to take seriously the refinancing as there may be serious risks and benefits associated with the process.Easy Home Loan Approval Ryan Shaw: Best Mortgage Agent in Whitby for Easy Approved. – Get Easy approved loans in Ajax, Pickering, Oshawa & Whitby. Ryan Shaw: Best Mortgage Agent in Whitby for easy approved loans ryan SHAW- Help you to Purchase, Renew or Refinance and private lending with lowest interest rates.