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We decided to risk walking down the one-in-four road to see if we could get below the cloud line.
Dusky turtle dove seen at 2400 metres
The only birds we saw or heard in the cool, fog bound areas were brown woodland warbler and Yemen linnet. These are clearly hardy birds. Indeed I note that the brown woodland warbler was well above the altitude that the main regional guide says they inhabit.
half way terraces
Bernard and I walked down to 2000 metres and back up again over a period of several hours. Bernard's pocket altitude meter was really useful in all of this.
We found the best birding at around 2400 metres near a clearing in the juniper forest which covered the upper parts of the mountain.
female Palestine sunbird
The flowering plants and bushes in the clearing were covered in Palestine sunbird. A dusky turtle dove hid in a tree near-by.
This was the nearest we got to seeing African olive pigeon which is "probably resident" in the area according to the Helms regional guide. However we birded intensively and I am confident we would have seen it if it had been there.
This week, following our visit, I have been in correspondence with Mike Jennings author of the Atlas of Arabian Breeding Birds about this bird. He said only one source has recorded the bird outside the months of March to November. Take that one source away and we can surmise the bird is only a summer breeder.
Yemen linnet
Yemen linnet were seen in among the seeding plants.
White spectacled bulbul
Also near-by was a flock of white spectacled bulbul. Briefly two Abyssinian white-eye were seen. Two Tristram's starling flew by.
Short toed eagle
As the temperatures rose after midday, finally some birds of prey were observed. In the far distance away from the escarpment were three steppe eagle. However a little later two short toed eagle flew directly overhead. I don't quite understand why they should be flying over a juniper forest when their main diet is snakes.
The main regional guide asks whether short toed eagle in southern Arabia are resident. Well I have seen many in different parts of south west Saudi Arabia in winter to answer this as yes.
long range view of a barbary falcon
The only other bird of prey seen over the escarpment was quite special. It was a barbary falcon. I first saw what I thought was this bird in the late morning flying very high. Two hours later it or another landed about 200 metres way from us. It was right at the extremes of my camera range although clearly seen through binoculars. Note its stocky look and barred breast. I really wanted it to be a peregrine falcon as I haven't seen one in Saudi Arabia but I keep seeing barbary falcon. I must be the only birder in the world who has seen more barbary than peregrine.
a mob of fan-tailed raven
Like in much of upland, south west Saudi Arabia, fan-tailed raven is prolific. It also mobs birds of prey mercilessly. The increase in rubbish dumps has helped it breed. Its mobbing behaviour must contribute to the decline in so many resident birds of prey in the region over the past 20 years.
One of the last observations of our visit was of three Arabian partridge diving down the mountainside as we hiked up.
A final reminder that south west Saudi Arabia is in the Afro-tropical eco-zone was the ever presence of baboons during the mid section of our walk.
This was an exhausting but overall worthwhile birding day in habitat far removed from my base in Riyadh.


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From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
"In giving to the world the record of what, looked at as an adventure only, is I suppose one of the most wonderful and mysterious experiences ever undergone by mortal men, I feel it incumbent on me to explain what my exact connection with it is. And so I may as well say at once that I am not the narrator but only the editor of this extraordinary history, and then go on to tell how it found its way into my hands."--She: A History of Adventure (1887) by H. Rider Haggard |
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Featured: |
Contents |
Art and culture
Popular culture
- Gibson girl debuts in United States
Visual art
- La Sirène by Arnold Böcklin
- A Clinical Lesson at the Salpetriere by André Brouillet
- Gorilla Carrying off a Woman by Emmanuel Frémiet
- Bridge in the Rain by van Gogh
- Ruhender weiblicher Akt by Lovis Corinth
- Le fétichisme dans l'amour by Alfred Binet
- Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft by Ferdinand Tönnies
- On the Genealogy of Morality by Nietzsche
- Curiosa: essais critiques de littérature ancienne ignorée ou mal connue by Alcide Bonneau.
- She: A History of Adventure by H. Rider Haggard
- The Horla by Guy de Maupassant
- The Autobiography of a Flea by anonymous
- La Marquise de Sade by Rachilde
- La Terre by Emile Zola
- Capriccio espagnol by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
- Satie: Sarabandes (unresolved consecutive ninth and seventh chords, modal)
- Fauré: Requiem
- January 3 - August Macke, German painter (d. 1914)
- March 14 - Sylvia Beach, American publisher in Paris (d. 1952)
- March 23 - Juan Gris, Spanish-born painter and graphic artist (d. 1927)
- March 24 - Fatty Arbuckle, American actor (d. 1933)
- July 7 - Marc Chagall, Russian-born painter (d. 1985)
- July 8 – Jean Ray, Belgian writer (d. 1964)
- June 20 - Kurt Schwitters, German painter (d. 1948)
- July 28 - Marcel Duchamp, French-born artist (d. 1968)
- August 17 - Marcus Garvey, American publisher, entrepreneur, and black nationalist (d. 1940)
- September 1 - Blaise Cendrars, Swiss writer (d. 1961)
- October 6 - Le Corbusier, Swiss architect (d. 1965)
- November 23 - Boris Karloff, English actor (d. 1967)
- August 20 - Jules Laforgue, French poet (b. 1860)
- December 28 - Walther Ruttmann German film director (b. 1941)
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "1887" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

subset: commoncrawl


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
On Wednesday, June 12, DiMino's Lewiston Tops held its annual scholarship dinner at the Niagara Falls Country Club.
Store Manager John DiMino is shown with the students recognized for excellence. Pictured, back row, from left: Marc Maio, Owen Licht, Jacob Fleck, Jason Boslet, Hannah Mombrea, Nick DiNardo and James Piva; and front row, from left: Sierra Wilson, Emily Shoop, Iris Curtis, Keely Wagner, Josephine Miller, Allura Taylor and Jonathan LaNasa.


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Oppo Find X3 Lite Review
Oppo Find X3 Lite Review
The junior partner in Oppo's new smartphone series
The Oppo Find X3 Lite isn't a bad phone, delivering decent battery life and processing performance – but you might feel a little underwhelmed by the screen and the camera when compared to similarly priced rivals.
- Brilliant fast-charging
- Good battery life
- Smart design
- Decent processing performance
- Screen isn't super
- Camera could be better
Key Specifications
- Review Price: £379.99
- Snapdragon 765G chipset
- 64-megapixel main camera
- 6.4-inch AMOLED screen
- 4300mAh battery
- 128GB storage
The Oppo Find X3 Lite is the junior partner in Oppo's new smartphone series.
The Lite joins the excellent Oppo Find X3 Pro and Oppo Find X3 Neo in the 2021 range, sitting as the cheapest option if you want a taste of what Oppo is offering.
While it is more affordable, it still makes for a promising overall package, including a 5G chipset, a 64-megapixel camera, and speedy charging.
If you're hunting for a phone on a budget, is this the right pick? Especially with some other excellent picks in our best cheap phone and best mid-range phone round ups.
Oppo Find X3 Lite design and screen – Appealing appearance, though with some niggles
- The vibrant matte back panel is striking
- It feels lighter in the hand than some clumpier rivals
- No IP rating or SD card support
- The screen is not bad, but a bit dim
For the most part, Oppo gets the design of the Find X3 Lite just right.
Our unit arrived in an arresting Astral Blue colour scheme (black and silver versions are also available), which looks lively and fresh. Even better is the fact that the finish is matte rather than gloss, so it won't pick up scuffs or smears easily.
The sides are made of polished metal, and the rear panel is plastic rather than glass, which isn't quite so premium. However, the result of the latter is a device that feels noticeably lightweight for its size, at just 172g.
The fingerprint scanner is embedded in the screen and worked swiftly, without a hitch in all the time I used it. The same can be said for the face unlock option, which is also available. Plus, there's also a 3.5mm headphone jack to facilitate listening to music or podcasts in the old-fashioned way. You won't find this on the pricier Find X3 models.
However, nothing is perfect. The Find X3 Lite doesn't have an IP68 rating, so we don't know how it will react to water splashes or immersion, and the lack of an SD card slot means you're stuck with 128GB of storage alongside any cloud services you may use.
The Find X3 Lite's screen measures 6.43 inches, which is plenty generous, and it has a decent 1080 x 2400 resolution. It's an AMOLED display and delivers better contrast than its LCD rivals. It has an enhanced refresh rate of 90Hz over the standard 60Hz for smoother scrolling.
My main bugbear with this screen is just that it isn't all that bright. Typical brightness is just 600 nits – the maximum being 900 – so I found myself having to ramp it up manually rather than leave it on the auto settings when I was using it in brighter conditions.
The screen isn't at all bad, but those of rivals such as the Poco F3 are significantly better, and so deserve your attention if the display is your priority.
Oppo Find X3 Lite camera — Satisfactory, but not super
- Fairly good performance from the main camera
- Macro camera isn't up to much
The Find X3 Lite has four camera sensors altogether on the back, with the 64-megapixel main sensor the headliner. In addition to this, it has an 8-megapixel ultra-wide, a 2-megapixel depth sensor, and a 2-megapixel macro snapper.
I was satisfied with pictures from the main sensor, which provided fairly sharp in detail with accurate colours.
The main camera performs fairly well in low-light conditions, too, reducing noise relatively effectively:
While there isn't a telephoto or optical zoom option, you can use digital zoom to capture close-ups. The photo below was captured with the 5x digital zoom option, taken from distance so as not to disturb the bird, and the sensor's high resolution means that it's still just about usable.
However, while the main camera does deliver decent performance, I had hoped for more from a 64-megapixel sensor. Bear in mind that the Pixel 4a costs a bit less and it is among the best camera phones.
The ultra-wide sensor is another useful snapper in case you want to include more in your shot, and the results are fairly good:
The macro camera doesn't offer much and is rarely useful – but, for whatever reason, it seems that mid-range Android smartphones all offer one these days anyway. Here's a macro shot of some blossom, which is pretty disappointing:
Overall, this camera gets the job done, and will probably meet your expectations without ever blowing you away.
Oppo Find X3 Lite Performance – Competitive mid-range capabilities
- Good mid-range performance capabilities
- Offers 5G connectivity
The Oppo Find X3 Lite runs on the Snapdragon 765G chipset, which was released in late 2019 and was Qualcomm's first to boast an integrated 5G modem.
This 5G capability is a significant selling point for this phone, providing access to the highest mobile data speeds where available.
As for day-to-day performance, I had no issues using any apps (the impressive 8GB of RAM surely comes in useful for multi-tasking), and mobile games ran very well.
The Find X3 Lite is firmly mid-range when it comes to performance, but compares very well even to the OnePlus Nord, which features the same silicon, as you can see from our benchmarking tests below:
Geekbench 5 Single Core | Geekbench 5 Multi Core | 3D MarkSlingshot Extreme | 3DMark Wild Life | |
OnePlus Nord | 608 | 1860 | 2175 | 811 |
Oppo Find X3 Lite | 609 | 1804 | 3225 | 1658 |
The Geekbench scores measure CPU performance, while 3DMark scores assess the GPU capability.
As for the software, this device runs Android 11 with Oppo's ColorOS user interface. This means you'll get quite a few apps pre-installed, which can be a little annoying.
Nevertheless, it's very customisable and offers a lot of sneaky shortcuts, such as split-screen mode and a smart sidebar for efficient multi-tasking. I'd say it's one of the better Android interfaces.
Oppo Find X3 Lite battery life – Strong endurance and incredibly fast charging
- Reliable battery life
- Astonishingly fast charging
The Oppo Find X3 Lite has a 4300mAh battery, and in my experience this lasted well, never dying on me before the day was out – even under heavy use. After an hour of watching YouTube, a fully charged battery was down by just 5%; for an hour of online music streaming, it took just a 1% hit.
It's even more impressive when you come to charge the device back up again. From a completely dead battery, the Find X3 Lite was fully charged in just 40 minutes, thanks to the incredible SuperVOOC charging system – you'll hardly believe your eyes as the percentage ticks up rapidly. It's an incredibly useful feature if you're running late and realise your phone needs a bit more juice.
Oppo Find X3 Lite conclusion
The Oppo Find X3 Lite is a decent phone by all means, with a good battery, mind-blowing fast-charging, strong processing performance, and an appealing design – while the camera and the screen are satisfactory without ever being stunning.
It's a decent all-round mid-ranger, but given how important the camera and the screen are to most people, you might feel a little underwhelmed with what you get for your money.
You should buy the Oppo Find X3 Lite if…
- You're looking for a good battery performance
The battery not only offers strong endurance, but it can be recharged incredibly quickly thanks to Oppo's SuperVOOC system.
- You want decent processing power and 5G
The Snapdragon 765G on this phone performs well compared to direct rivals, and it offers 5G connectivity for faster mobile data speeds.
You shouldn't buy the Oppo Find X3 Lite if…
- The screen or the camera are your top priorities
Most people would probably name these as the two most important aspect of a smartphone purchase – unfortunately, the Find X3 Lite doesn't deliver top bang for your buck in either of these regards.
How we test phones
We test every mobile phone we review thoroughly. We use industry standard tests to compare features properly and we use the phone as our main device over the review period. We'll always tell you what we find and we never, ever, accept money to review a product.


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Likely Problems If You Do Not Have an Estate Plan in Place was written by Pasadena Now. Information was taken from an interview with attorney and founder, William K. Hayes, Esq.
How often can it be said that attorneys truly get real satisfaction from their jobs?
Many attorneys engage in fields which require that they be in constant dispute and contention with opposing attorneys and sometimes with their own clients. However, to hear William Hayes of the Hayes Law Firm tell it, he constantly receives satisfaction from doing the work that he does.
Known to his clients as, "Bill", his estate and elder law practice focuses on trusts, probate, and helping people to qualify for Medi-Cal if they are being overwhelmed by medical bills. The Hayes Law Firm helps their clients plan their estates to protect themselves and their families while they are living, as well as leaving a legacy for their loved ones when they ultimately die. Bill says that his law practice allows him to gain instant gratification by knowing that he has helped people through difficult times.
"I enjoy what I do," Attorney Hayes said. "I get to work with positive people who have worked hard to create something good in their lives, and I get to be the solution that helps them preserve it. I like that."
Attorney Hayes began his law career as an entertainment attorney.
Attorney Hayes began his law career as an entertainment attorney for Universal Studios where he wrote contracts for many creative people, including the writer of the screenplay for the film Jaws. Later during his entertainment law career, he worked for Motown Records as well as for an entertainment law firm which represented an array of musical artists from Linda Ronstadt and Alice Cooper to Barry White and The Jazz Crusaders.
The law firm for which Bill worked also represented artists in the film and television industry. One such artist was the winner of the Academy award for best actress, Susan Hayward. When Ms. Hayward died, Bill was requested to handle the probate of her estate. "Though I had never handled a probate or any other estate matter in my life, I went from entertainment to handling probate, and I found that I really liked it. Working with Ms. Hayward's family gave me a satisfaction that I had never received while working in the entertainment industry. After handling that probate, whenever any matters came up regarding estate or trust law, I was always ready to become involved." Thereafter Bill handled the trusts for many prominent music, television and film industry people.
The Allure of Estate Planning and Probate
When Bill went into private practice for himself, probate and trust matters became a significant part of his practice and slowly his practice evolved to the point where he began to specialize in trust and probate matters. However over the years of doing trust and estate work, it became apparent to Bill that after having created the trusts for his clients, as they aged, many of them began to encounter medical problems and those medical bills began to slowly eat away at the estates that the clients had created. Though the clients had health insurance, it became clear that not many of them had long-term care insurance.
Your health insurance does not pay for long-term care health problems and in most instances that burden is left to the client to privately pay out of their own pockets. The US Health and Human Services Department says that 7 out of 10 adults over the age of 65 will wind up having long-term care health problems, and 40% of that number will wind up having to stay in a nursing home. Attorney Hayes came to the realization that the potential loss of a client's estate to health expenses must be factored into the planning, otherwise the planning is incomplete. "If you haven't considered long term care medical expenses into your planning, then you really haven't planned at all."
In most instances Medicare will only pay for up to 100 days of skilled nursing care before the financial burden is shifted back to the person receiving the healthcare. Approximately 66% of all bankruptcies in the United States derive from medical bills. Though people often prepare estate plans, they do not prepare a plan of action to deal with how they will preserve their estates if they should encounter overwhelming long-term care health problems and medical expenses.
Introducing Elder Law and Medi-Cal Benefits Planning to Clients
Once he became aware of how vulnerable his clients were to these healthcare expenses, attorney Hayes started to research the field of elder law and realized the majority of estates planning attorneys do not practice in this field. Elder law primarily deals with ensuring your estate is protected should medical bills become a burden, and you don't have long-term care insurance. Essentially, how to ensure that there is something left at the end of the day after creating the estate plan.
A properly drawn plan would allow the client to preserve their assets and still receive the long-term healthcare they need without having to pay for it themselves. "I have witnessed the tragedy of people trying to pay for long-term care expenses out of their personal funds as they slowly realize that they are sinking into bankruptcy. Oftentimes it is at that point that they, their children, or friends contact our office so that we can create a plan to preserve what's left of their estate. Of course, the better plan would have been to come to our office as soon as they became aware that they were having to personally pay for these long-term care expenses."
Your Failure to Plan = Probate
Another field the Hayes Law firm focuses on is probate. Probate of course deals with what happens when one dies and they never took the time to prepare an estate plan. If you do not have a trust, your estate will wind up in probate court where it will be significantly reduced as a result of legal fees and costs. "The only people whose estates wind up in probate court, are people who fail to plan. The only people who wind up happy as a result of that failure to plan are probate attorneys. Probate attorneys are paid a percentage of the gross value of the estates while the heirs only receive the net".
There comes a time in life, when people should start to think about how they want their assets to be managed as they grow older, and create a plan that will provide protection for their family and a legacy for what they have accomplished in their lives. Proper planning will help to make sure that one's affairs are in order, and will prevent the loss of what you have spent your lifetime creating should you encounter overwhelming medical bills as you grow older.
The Hayes Law Firm is dedicated to the mission of educating people regarding the benefits of planning, and the harm that occurs when they don't. Additionally, the Hayes Law firm makes it a point to be supportive of the local community. Recently they sponsored the South Pasadena Farmers Market reusable grocery bag program, known as the 'Give One, Take One' program. The objective the program is to reduce the number of single-use plastic bags being used by consumers in the community. "There is a great satisfaction to be had in helping the local community and the environment".
The Hayes Law Firm Hosts FREE Estate Planning Seminars!
Free seminars are presented by the firm in many different venues for the public, and for a variety of organizations such as insurance companies, financial advisors, banks, churches, businesses, and nonprofit organizations. Recently the firm conducted a presentation for the Pasadena Humane Society, "Your Pet, Your Trust, and Your Legacy Estate Planning 101", which was quite well received and the firm has been requested to return for two seminars in 2020 (April 8th and October 14th, 2020).
You may attend the upcoming seminars presented by The Hayes Law Firm by either contacting the firm at 626-403-2292 or you may register for the seminars on their website at www.Los AngelesTrustLaw.com/Seminars (bit.ly/HayesLawFirmEvents).
Seminars will be offered in the month of January (2020), at the following locations and times:
- Sat., Jan. 18th @ 10AM – The Hayes Law Firm
- Wed., Jan. 22nd @ 6PM – Silverlake Library
- Thurs., Jan. 23rd @ 6PM – Echo Park Library
- Sat., Jan. 25th @ 10 AM – Edendale Library
- Sat., Feb. 8th @ 10 AM – The Hayes Law Firm
If you have a need for estate planning, probate, trust administration, or Medi-Cal planning, give The Hayes Law Firm a call at (626) 403-2292. William K. Hayes, Esq. is a member of the American Academy of Estate Planning Attorneys, which is recommended by Consumer Reports, Money Magazine, and Suze Orman as a top resource to find quality estate planning attorneys. Thanks for reading, "Likely Problems If You Do Not Have an Estate Plan in Place" courtesy of Pasadena Now.
Full List of Seminars: www.losangelestrustlaw.com/seminars
Likely Problems If You Do Not Have an Estate Plan in Place
Likely Problems If You Do Not Have an Estate Plan in Place
The Problems That You Are Likely to Have If You Do Not Have an Estate Plan in Place!
- 5 Reasons To Expedite The Probate Process For A Loved One's Estate - January 24, 2024
- 5 Proactive Steps You Can Take To Avoid Probate In California - December 20, 2023
- Trusts and More: How To Avoid Probate - December 7, 2023


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In this Preface , I have taken the liberty of giving some pertinent biographical data of the many-sided splendour that was Sarojini Naidu , for the edification of post-independence generation. This has, however, made the Preface somewhat long for which I crave the reader's indulgence.
Sarojini's father, Dr. Aghorenath Chottopadhyaya, hailed from a Brahmin family of East Bengal .In his early youth, he migrated to Calcutta for studies. He had to study from borrowed books under street lamps. His inborn brilliance soon surfaced and won recognition. He was exceptionally bright in English, Bengali and Sanskrit, as also in Greek, Hebrew, French, German and Russian. But his main interest was in science, especially Chemistry. Young Aghorenath was in offered a Gilchrist scholarship for higher studies in England. He joined the Edinburgh University, where he took the degree of D. Sc, being the first Indian to become a Doctor of Science. Yet another foreign scholarship enabled him to go for further studies at the Bonn University.
While going to England for studies, he left his young wife, Varada Sundari , in in the 'Bharat Ashrama' sponsored by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, who, together with Keshub Chandra Sen, had founded the Brahmo Samaj. Its Social reform activities had attracted young Aghorenath's reformist zeal, and hence his willingness to leave his wife in their care. On his return to India, Dr. Aghorenath got the job of a school teacher In Nizam's Hyderabad, where he set his home.
Sarojini was born to them in Hyderabad on February 13, 1879.
Sarojini Naidu was a precocious child, a 'wonder girl'. When barely twelve years old , she wrote a 1300-line poem a la 'Lady of the Lake' in six days! 'The next year, she penned an impassioned poetic drama of 2000 lines!
In 1897, Dr. Aghorenath sent Sarojini to Madras to appear for the Matriculation examination which she passed with distinction. The result of her college studies at the Madras University was also outstanding. She passed in First Class first. This was a brilliant feat and her first leap into fame. The jurisdiction of Madras University at that time extended much beyond Tamilnadu into many regions of the present State of Kerala, Andhra and Karnataka.
As a college student, Sarojini had written a verse play in Persian "Mehar Munee" (a legendary romantic couple). Dr. Aghorenath printed a few copies of the play for private circulation and he ventured to present a copy to the Nizam. His Exalted Highness was so much impressed that he sanctioned a scholarship for her higher studies in England. By a happy coincidence, Dr. Annie Besant was also a passenger in the ship which Sarojini Chose for her voyage to London. Dr. Annie Besant was at that time a highly esteemed and renowned personage in India. Though Irish-born, and English bred Annie Besant made India her home, first as the head of the Theosophical Society headquartered at Chennai, and later by her full-throated championship of Home Rule for India. She was elected President of the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress in 1917. She came to love Sarojini, 'the singing bird', as a daughter and offered to chaperon her.
In London, Sarojini studied at the King's College, and later at Girton Girls College, Cambridge.
Marriage and motherhood
Sarojini returned to India in 1899.
Soon thereafter she was married to Dr. Muthyala Govindrajulu Naidu, though quite senior to her in age. Dr. Naidu had also studied abroad at the Edinburgh University. He was a family friend and treated her with tender care while she was ill as a school student in Hyderabad.
The Naidu couple were blessed with four children in quick succession-from 1990 to 1904. Sarojini celebrated their advent into this world in characteristic fashion by writing a poem dedicated to each new arrival. The eldest Jayasurya, the "Sun of Victory" who was to be the "Son of Song and Liberty"; the second Padmaja, the "Lotus Maiden", the third, Randheera, the "Little Lord of Battle" who would be the "Lord of Love and Chivalry"; and the youngest Leilamani, the " Living Jewel of Delight".
Apace, Sarojini also gained renown as a poet. Her poems, full of soaring rhetoric and sentiment, found numerous admirers. Her reading of them in melodious, inspiring voice and gestures cast a hypnotic spell on the listeners.
In 1903, when just 24, she addressed a large student audience in Madras with great fervour on the theme of national unity. She thundered:-
"Having traveled, having conceived, having hoped, having enlarged my love, having widened my sympathies, having come into contact with different races, different communities, different religions, different civilizations, friends, my vision is clear. I have no prejudice of race, creed, caste, or colour.... Until you students have acquired and mastered the spirit of brotherhood, do not believe it possible that you will ever cease to be sectarian... if I may use such word.... you will ever be national"!
In Madras again she declared:-
"I say it is not your pride that you are a Madrasi, it is not your pride that you a Brahmin, it is not your pride that you belong to South India, it is not your pride that you are a Hindu, that it is your pride that you are an Indian". "But this must transcend even national borders and extend to humanity because if ideas be only for the prosperity of your country, it would end where it began, by being a prophet to your own community and very probably to your own self."
In 1906, at the age of 27, she attended the Indian National Conference. There she boldly moved an amendment substituting 'Indian' for 'Hindu'. The word Hindu was at that time as such accepted by the minority. No exclusivism was meant by the one or other nomenclature. To the sensitive mind of Sarojini Naidu, intensely patriotic and steeped in a culture which was a harmonious mix of the best features of a tolerant Hinduism and a catholic and liberal Islam, only the word 'Indian' was acceptable. She gently but in no uncertain terms told the delegates that she would participate in the National Conference only if her amendment was adopted. It was carried with Thunderous applause.
In the Service of the Motherland
As early as in 1905, in the wake of the partition of Bengal, Sarojini plunged into the freedom struggle. It gave birth to spontaneous civil disobedience movement, and boycott of every thing British was in the air. In that surcharged atmosphere, she use to stun her audience with soul-stirring eloquence and staunch advocacy of the national cause. The youthful enchantress concluded all her speeches dramatically by impromptu jumping down from the dais and racing to join the lady volunteers singing patriotic songs in chorus!
On the 2nd August, 1913, at Caxton Hall, London, Gopal Krishna Gokhale (founder of the Servants of Indian Society in 1905 at Pune) gave a soul stirring speech. A large number of young enthusiastic Indians, including Sarojini were in the audience. In an impassioned address, Gokhale set before them the sublime lessons of self-sacrifice and patriotism. In a personal conversation, later he bared his heart to Sarojini, and told her:
"Stand here with me with the stars and
hills for witness and in their presence
consecrate your life and your talent,
your song and your speech,
your thought and your dream to the Motherland.
O Poet, see visions from the hill tops
and spreads abroad the message of hope
to the toilers in the valley."
She took it as an affectionate invitation and a challenge to her to dedicate herself, heart and soul, in the service of Motherland. From that day, Sarojini Naidu became a dedicated Servant of the people of India. Thus it was Gokhale who inducted her into the political field. This was prior to advent of Gandhiji into Indian politics. It was Gokhale again who spoke to her of Gandhiji as the "coming man of Indian politics" and prepared her for continuing her apprenticeship under the Mahatma-in-the-making. Gandhiji himself had looked upon Gokhale as his own political Guru. Gokhale was verily a Guna Nidhi.
First meeting with Mahatma Gandhi
Sarojini's first meeting with Gandhiji was also in a way through Gokhale had invited Gandhiji to return to India from South Africa via London. But when Gandhiji reached London, Gokhale was unexpectedly held up for some days in Paris. Sarojini happened to be in London then by chance, convalescing from an illness. Later Sarojini described her momentous first meeting with Gandhiji thus:
"Curiously enough, my first meeting with Mahatma Gandhi took place in London on the eve of the Great European War of 1914. When he arrived fresh from his triumphs in South Africa, where he had initiated his principle of passive resistance and won a victory for his countrymen who were at the time chiefly indentured labourers, over the redoubtable General Smuts, I had not to been able to meet his ship on arrival. But the next afternoon, I went wandering around in search of his lodging in an obscure part of Kensington and climbed up the steep stairs of an old, unfashionable house, to find an open door framing a living picture of a little man with a shaven head seated on the floor on a blank prison blow. Around him were ranged some battered tine of parched ground-nut and tasteless biscuits of dried plantain flour. I burst instinctively into happy laughter at the amusing and unexpected vision of a famous leader, whose name had already become a household word in our country.
"He lifted his eyes and laughed back at me saying: 'Ah, you must be Mrs. Naidu! Who else dare be so irreverent. 'Come in, 'he said, 'and share my meal'. 'No thanks. I replied, sniffing, 'what an abominable mess it is'.
"In this way and at that instant commenced our friendship , which flowered into real comradeship , and bore fruit in a long . long, loyal discipleship, which never wavered for a single hour through more than thirty years of common service in the of India's freedom from foreign rule."
As Smt. Padmini Sen Gupta in her biography of Sarojini Naidu has written, "This first meeting in London was a red-letter day, an event which changed the whole course of Sarojini Naidu's life, which took her away from the honeyed drawing rooms of scholars and poets and placed her before a beggar-saint. From then on, with his magnetism, he claimed almost her whole attention".
Sarojini Naidu never forgot this first meeting and referred to it again and again. On October 2, 1947,-the occasion of Mahatma Gandhi's 78th Birthday - the last Gandhi-Jayanti during his life-time - she again recalled this dramatic unplanned first, meeting in London and added, "And so, laughingly, we began a friendship that has lasted, grown, developed through all these many years". The key phrase is "And so laughingly". Verily, she was a born, irrepressible Hasya Yogini and remained so till she breathed her last on March 2, 1949 at the Raj Bhavan in Lucknow.
In the inner circle of National Affairs
Sarojini Naidu's appearance on the Congress platform, as aforesaid, was as early as 1905, when she became a crusader for Swadeshi in the wake of the partition of Bengal under the leadership of Surendra Nath Bancilea and other leaders.
Sarojini Naidu was elected to preside over the Kanpur Session of the Indian National Congress in 1925, a year after the Belgaum Congress in 1924 which was presided over by Mahatma Gandhi. She was again called upon to wear the "crown of thorns" - as Gandhiji described the Congress Presidentship - over the stormy AICC session at Calcutta in 1938, following the Haripura Congress in 1937 for which Subhas Bose was elected the President against the wishes of Mahatma Gandhi. She conducted the tense deliberations with commendable tact, understanding and firmness. Jawaharlal Nehru also tried hard to patch up the difference. From the Presidential Chair, Sarojini Naidu appealed to Subhas Bose in the following words:
"We are all anxious that Mr. Bose should continue as the President of the Indian National Congress and lead the destinies of the Congress. We desire to cooperate with him. We desire his cooperation with us. We desire to express that the President of the Congress is not a nonentity. He is the true interpreter of the declared policy and programme of the Congress. We shall all give the necessary cooperation to Mr. Bose for the achievement of our goal".
Yet, Subhas Babu refused to withdraw his resignation. He 'wanted unity of action, and not unity of inaction". In the midst of stormy scenes, with characteristic firmness but without prevarication, Sarojini Naidu declared: 'I consider this House is competent to elect another President for the remaining period, of the year". This clinched the issue and the Congress caravan marched on. Thereupon Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected the Congress President amidst cries of 'Mahatma ki Jai', and counter-shouts of Bose loyalists, 'Shame, Shame'. But she took it all in her stride.
As a very discerning foreign analyst had written of our freedom struggle, "Gandhi gave the Congress inspiration, Jawaharial broadened its vision and
imagination, Rajagopalachari sharpened its intellect and analytical faculty, Rajendra Prasad gave it purity, Vallabhbhai Patel gave it efficiency, a sense of throughness and power and Sarojini Naidu gave it GRACE".
Unique Guru-Shishya Relationship
The relationship between Gandhiji. and Sarojini Naidu blossomed into that of an ideal Master and Disciple-Adarsha Guru Shishyaa-the Guru with overflowing considerateness and affection for his Shishya. and the shishyaa with nothing but heartfelt veneration for her Guru. Their scintillating repartees. and delightful occasional reproaches were totally free from any -trace of malice. Utterly unselfish and transparent, both were endowed with great wit and wisdom.
How they addressed each other?
In his first letter, Gandhiji addresses Sarojini as my dear sister" and says, "What would you say of a brother who does not inquire about his sister's health?". This is on.23 February 1915. But, Sarojini does not address him as her brother. Her letter dated 6 March 1915 is addressed to Gandhiji as "Dear Friend", though she ends up by calling him as "dear brother".
On May 4, 1915 Gandhiji writes back to her, addressing her as "My dear , sister' again, and this goes on for some years but strangely enough Sarojini continues to treat him as a -friend'. Her letter dated 14 June 1919 is addressed to "My dear friend" and ends with a paragraph that says : "And so my friend, whom I am proud to call my leader and guide, namaskar."
Years pass. It is now 1925. There is a letter from Gandhiji to Sarojini and is addressed now to 'dear Mirabai' and a further letter dated July 6, 1925 in which Sarolini is addressed as "My dearest Mirabai". What happened between 1919 and 1925 for Gandhiji to start addressing letters to Sarojini as "dear Mirabai ?" Some time during this period there must have been some banter between the two. Mirabai, as we all know, was a great devotee of Sri Krishna who composed songs and sang them well. Did Gandhiji think of Sarojini as a singer as well as a poet ?
Significantly, a letter from Sarojini from Dinajpur, dated 20 July 1926 starts with greetings "from the Wandering Singer to the Spinner-stay-At-Home" but still she evidently considered the Mahatma more as a leader than as a brother. In one letter dated 7 August 1928 she ends up calling him "O Apostle of Peace" and in another letter addressed to him from Geneva dated 17 September 1928 she ends it with "salutations to the 'Mystic Spinner' from the -Wandering Singer... This form of salutation continues. Sarojini, writing from Cincinnati, U.S. on 19 November 1928, addresses him as "My Mystic Spinner" and apparently Gandhiji caught on and in his letter to Sarojini dated 21 July 1929 he signs himself as -Mystic Spinner'. A fortnight later, on August 7, 1929, Gandhiji writes another letter to her calling her "My dear Peace- Maker" and singing off as "Lovingly yours, Matter- of-Fact (Not Mystic) Spinner"!
Strangely enough a letter addressed to Sarojini on April 16, 1930 is signed as "M. K. Gandhi." Had she offended him ? Was he angry with her to sound formal ? But the friendship picks up.
Gandhiji's letter to Sarojini dated August 8, 1932 is addressed to "Dear Bulbul" and he signs off as "Little Man". Somewhere along the line Sarojini had described the Mahatma as a "Micky Mouse," a "Little Man" and Gandhiji must have enjoyed the description. In his letter to her on 17 September 1932 he addresses her as "Dear Mother, Singer and Guardian of My Soul." But the "Little Man" tag stuck. In her letter to him dated 17 August 1934 she addresses him as "My Beloved Little Man" and signs off as "Your singer and most loving friend" The banter continues. On November 26, 1938 Gandhiji addresses her as "My dear Fly" and in the course of his letter says, "Though you are so distinguished, you are still a fly, thank God." There is no exclamatory mark after that. He signs off as "Yours, Little Spinner, Spider, etc".
In most of the letters after that, Sarojini remains "Dear Old Singer" , "Dear Singer", "My dear Bulbul", "Dear Sweet Singer" and on a couple of occasions "My dear Ammajan" and once "My dear Bulbul-e- Hind". But always he signs off as "Spinner".
Just before he set off on a visit to Bihar to extinguish the flames of communal strife in July 1946, Sarojini movingly referred to him as "Beloved Pilgrim". And in her broadcast on 1 February 1948 following the Mahatma's assassination she was to say: "My father, do not rest".
Sarojini could tease the Mahatma, joke about him but she held him in utmost reverence. She had started by calling him "friend" and ended up thinking of him as "father". Throughout her life, one suspects, she wanted to. be treated as his daughter.
This volume of Correspondence between Mahatma Gandhi and Sarojini Naidu - during the three decades of India's unparalleled Pilgrimage to Freedom - reflects the heart-throbs, emotions, visions, anxieties, and intimacy of two great highly evolved patriotic souls. All the same,, one cannot but marvel at the Guru's (Gandhiji's) exemplary candour (Appendix 11) and the Shisyaa's (Sarojini's) frankness.
Let me give but one instance of Sarojlni's similar relationship with her 'beloved brother Jawahar' when she felt impelled to caution him not to be carried away or influenced in his judgements by flatterers and time-servers:
"Don't be taken in by these pretty young women's interest in socialism. They have all got their eyes on your handsome looks, not in your ideology!"
She would not even spare herself. Here is an instance where she twitted herself.
In recognition of her poetic genius, a grateful people had hailed Sarojini Naidu from her early youth as Bulbul-e-Hind (Nightingale of India). During one of her visits to South Africa, the sedate Chairman of the reception meeting in Sarojini's honour referred to her as the 'Naughty Girl of India', evidently unconsciously mispronouncing her coveted title of Nightingale of India! She would repeat the story to her acquaintances with bewitching laughter.'
One of 20th Century's greatest women in public life
Sarojini Naidu was much more than a born poetess and leader. She was a glowing landmark in the saga of India's Pilgrimage to Freedom. She was so many things rolled into one: patriot, poetess, politician, jail-bird, perfect hostess and ideal house- wife, eloquent orator and inspirer of masses, maker and singer of melodious songs and upholder of reason. In fine, a many splendour integrated personality. She always upheld the ideal of "Indians first, Indians last, and Indians always" with a world vision, like Gandhi, her Master. She had more than a man's courage and yet she ever remained feminine to the core.
To Sum up
I venture to share the opinion of many well-known students of modern world history that Smt. Sarojini Naidu is by far one of the greatest women in public life of the twentieth century. True, Mrs. Eleanour Roosevelt of the United States, Madame Sun Yat Sen, and Madam Chiang Kai Sheik of China, India's Sint. Vijayalakshmi Pandit, who was elected the first woman President of the United Nations in 1948, Smt. Srimayo Bhandarnaike of Sri Lanka, and our own Smt. Indira Gandhi, were, each of them, also world famous. But they, in a large measure, inherited their eminence from the lofty political status of their fathers, husbands, or brothers. However, Mrs. Golda Meir of Israel and Mrs. Margaret Thatcher of Britain, may be cited as exceptions. Sarojini Naidu was not born rich and had no god-father to back her up. Practically her whole public life was spent in an India groaning under imperial tutelage and suppression.
Here is an assessment of Smt. Sarojini Naidu by her fellow pilgrim Jawaharlal Nehru in India's Pilgrimage to Free dom:
"She began life as a poet, in later years when the compulsion of events drew into the national struggle, she plunged into it with all the zest and fire she possessed.... whose whole life became a poem and a song and who infused artistry and grace in the national struggle, just as Mahatma Gandhi had infused moral grandeur to it".
This volume is a prayerful offering of 79 epistles exchanged between two great patriotic Indians and Citizens of the World.
Gandhiji's Fiftieth Punyatithi
Martyrdom Day, January 30, 1998


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One spike air filter assembly with chrome finish.
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"A lot of people have asked how our family stuck it out,'' says John Jefferies of Rhodesdale farm near Kei Mouth in the Eastern Cape. John is referring to the family's fortitude to succeed in Africa despite, for example, the torching of three trading stations and a farm homestead by Xhosa warriors in the 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th Frontier Wars.
It is a history that fascinated John's cousin, Alan Jefferies, so much that in 2001 he published The Absolute Border, a book dealing partly with his family's generations of tenacity in the region.
"The Jefferies family traits, such as the mulishness and stubbornness, have come through from centuries ago,'' he says. "The ability to hit one's head against a brick wall and simply continue is a trait that permeates the family.''
John's great-grandfather, Edward Jeffries (without the 'e'), arrived as a 12-year-old 1820 settler in the care of his uncle, James Watts. Edward, his younger brother Gad, and Watts battled to cope on their agricultural plot near Salem and like many other settlers, moved to Grahamstown in the mid-1820s.
Trading and tenacity
Watts worked as a bricklayer and his two young nephews became apprentices in the building industry, but they soon became interested in trading with the Xhosa. In fact, by the 1830s, Edward was trading near Fort Cox in the shadow of the Amathole Mountains – stronghold of the Ngqika Xhosa – while Gad had headed to present-day Zimbabwe to trade.
Trading was a high-risk endeavour on the turbulent Eastern Frontier and Edward's trading station at Fort Cox was burnt to the ground by the Ngqika Xhosa during the 6th Frontier War of 1834-1835. However, Edward simply "dusted himself off'' and formed a trading partnership with brother-in-law, John Ford, and soon a new trading station was established not far from King William's Town.
Sadly, this too was burnt down during the 7th Frontier War of 1846-1847, and Edward was forced to take a job on the jolly boats landing British Army supplies at Waterloo Bay just north of the Fish River. Here, a plan was hatched to trade along the Umzimvubu River into Pondoland, and after treacherous trips along the Wild Coast, Edward and John established a trading station about 19km upstream.
Tragedy awaited the venture, however. In early 1847, the treacherous currents of the Umzimvubu in flood claimed the lives of John and his young son – also John. In an instant, Edward's third trading venture was shattered and he moved to King William's Town with his family to once again 'start over'.
It was not long, however, before the lure of Xhosaland saw Edward go into partnership with George Blaine to establish a trading station in Gcalekaland. But once again disaster struck: it was burnt down by the Xhosa during the 8th Frontier War of 1850-1853. With his health possibly compromised by the strain of these events, Edward died of pneumonia in 1855, leaving his wife Martha to care for six children, including the eldest, Edward.
As women could not own property at the time, the family waited until Edward turned 21 to be awarded a farm not far from the Great Kei River, where the British were determined to establish a buffer of settler families to protect the Cape Colony from Xhosa attacks.
"In 1864, Edward junior moved into this area and farmed on land named Orangevale (about 590ha),'' explains Alan.
"Together with his mother, sister and two younger brothers, they started a new life.''
Settler feuds and 9th Frontier War
In the early 1870s, Edward became involved in a serious dispute with his neighbour, John Filmer, over a portion of land. In a rage, Edward did the unthinkable and burnt down Filmer's sheep shed in January 1873. When he appeared in a King William's Town court he faced the death penalty for arson, but the judge ruled that he had acted in a moment of insanity and jailed him.
After almost two years behind bars, and an emotional plea by his mother, Martha, Edward was released, but banished from the East London and King William's Town districts. He promptly left for Britain, and his two younger brothers continued farming Merino sheep and cattle on Orangevale. In 1874, while their older brother was still locked up, they purchased the neighbouring 584ha farm Springfountain.
The 9th Frontier War was looming. The spark that ignited it came from clashes between Mfengu collaborator families – settled by the British in the heart of Gcalekaland in the 1860s – and Gcaleka people who had been resettled along the coastal areas after the cattle- killing episode of 1856-1857.
The British sided with their Mfengu allies (refugees from then-Natal that had been fighting on the side of the British since the mid-1830s) against the Gcaleka, along with some Nqgika tribe members, who attacked settler families to the west of the Great Kei River. Luckily for the Jeffries family, they knew in advance of the imminent invasion.
"One of the family's workers [called Lollotjie] warned them that there was an invasion coming from the Transkei,'' says Alan. "They collected everything they could – livestock and personal belongings, and loaded a wagon and fled to the nearest fort at Impetu ("The Place of the Maggots'' in isiXhosa).''
Here, the Jeffries family were besieged in the crude Fort Warwick by Xhosa bands from the rugged Tyityaba River Valley (a tributary of the Great Kei) before eventually being rescued and escorted to Komgha. In the overcrowded laager at Komgha, the family lost hundreds of sheep to disease and theft at the hands of white frontier ruffians exploiting the chaos brought about by war.
When the Gcaleka were eventually crushed in 1878, the Jeffries family returned to Orangevale to find "everything razed". In fact, the only significant surviving artefact was a chair buried before the family had fled to Impetu; it can be seen in John's home on Rhodesdale today.
According to Alan, everyone who felt the impact of the devastating 1877 invasion experienced deep resentment for the Gcaleka, including loyal Ngqika Xhosa and Mfengu.
"That bitterness wasn't only felt by the whites, the blacks felt exactly the same,'' says Alan. "When I was small, you spoke of a Gcaleka almost as a foreign person on this side of the Kei River.''
Interestingly, both settlers and Africans affected by the war were able to claim for losses incurred, and Martha Jeffries's claim, framed in John's home, details not only all the furniture lost, but livestock including 540 sheep (excluding the 350 lost in Komgha) and 27 cattle.
mysterious name change
Committed to the "Absolute Border'', the Jeffries brothers simply rebuilt sheep and cattle numbers and soon their dogged determination brought about financial stability.
It was at about this time that the family's surname mysteriously changed from 'Jeffries' to 'Jefferies' – an "invading e'', as Alan calls it. According to him, the reason for the change in spelling almost certainly had something to do with Edward surreptitiously returning to East London, where he traded until his death in 1916.
"Everybody changed their names and added the 'e','' says Alan, and explains that it was probably due to Edward wanting to hide from the authorities.
Into the 20th century
Alan's grandfather, Arthur, died in 1933, leaving individual portions of Springfountain to his sons Frederick (Arthur's father), Herbert John (John's father) and Birt (John's nephew). However, their uncle John, who was well-known for breeding and training spans of indigenous Nkone oxen, died as a bachelor in 1922 and controversially bequeathed a large proportion of his estate to the Baptist Church.
It was a decision that deeply offended Herbert John, who in the end, was the only one who managed to hang onto his portion of Springfountain, called Rhodesdale.
"For my father, it [the Church's involvement] was a state secret and he never mentioned it to me,'' says John. "But if a pastor came anywhere near our house he walked out the back door.''
By the 1950s, Herbert was farming successfully on Rhodesdale (220ha). The farming operation consisted mostly of beef cattle, pineapples and maize, and he also ran a successful dairy that produced cream for the legendary Komgha Butter Factory.
"Many farms survived by selling cream to the factory,'' he says.
In the early 1960s, after John had finished school and a nine-month stint in the army, his father was diagnosed with cancer. John, who had been determined to leave for Australia, then returned to Rhodesdale to support the family.
"I stuck around and stuck around, and have stuck around ever since,'' he says, laughing.
In 1970, he married a trader's daughter, Daphne Hawks, and built a trading store on Rhodesdale to provide an extra income stream. He also continued with the dairy – selling milk to Model Dairy – and mechanised the milking operation to help with labour problems.
"One Christmas, the labourers didn't show up for milking and I said to my wife, I'm getting a milking machine,'' he recalls. "A couple of older farmers came to me and said that I shouldn't over-capitalise, but I told them there was no option.''
By 1989, John started breeding Nguni beef cattle and was already busy with a major dam-building programme on Rhodesdale, spearheaded by the renowned farm worker, Inkokone Mbuto.
"He built those three dams for me with a little 135 tractor,'' says John. "Fuel was still cheap and after he had ploughed the lands he used to grab the dam scoop and off he went.''
A new Jefferies generation
After closing his dairy for good about a decade ago, John focused on his Nguni cattle as well as growing cabbages, while continuing with the trading store that still supplies local communities with basic groceries, livestock products and liquor.
Three years ago, his son Gareth returned to the farm (his eldest son Wayne is involved in a nursery in East London), and has been instrumental in expanding the beef operation on their other farm, Quku Streams (280 ha), and additional leased land. "I've been back for three years now,'' says Gareth.
Crossbreeding programme
Currently, John and Gareth calve 250 cows and are using Boran and Boran-type bulls. They are also keen to experiment with Tuli bulls in a crossbreeding programme aimed at improving weaner weights. According to Gareth, there is no doubt that the Nguni represent the very best dam line to farm, mainly because of its hardiness and resistance to tick-borne diseases.
"If you have to drive around with a little medical box, you aren't farming, you are just going around trying to keep animals alive.''
It is this legendary hardiness that ensures that their heifers remain extremely popular among former-Transkei farmers, Gareth says.
Phone Alan Jefferies on 043 841 1023 or John Jefferies on 082 4619 143.
Sources: Jefferies A, The Absolute Border; Holt B, Where Rainbirds Call; Burton AW, Sparks from the Border Anvil; Mostert N, Frontiers – The Epic of South Africa's Creation and the Tragedy of the Xhosa People.


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The Economic Partnership agreement ( EPA) was signed by a number of Caribbean countries including Barbados in December 2007 and aimed at achieving sustainable development by establishing a trade partnership which promotes regional integration and the gradual integration of CARIFORUM countries into the world economy ( CARIFORUM/EU Economic Partnership, 2008). The EPA completes the trade provisions a set out in the Contonou Agreement, particularly Article 24m which deals with tourism; and makes provisions that enable Barbadian and other CARIFORUM entrepreneurs to establish businesses within the EU. In addition, the agreement allows access to independent professionals and self-employed in eleven sub-sectors to enter the EU and provide services which are relevant to the tourism industry (Article 83.3). Furthermore, the EPA provides unprecedented opportunities for small business to operate in some EU states and to obtain resources for capacity building and research. In general then, it was felt that the EPA would boost the competitiveness of the CARIFORUM countries' hospitality and tourism industry as a result of trade liberalization.
Against this background, this paper examines the extent to which the tourism industry in Barbados has taken advantage of the provisions set out in the Economic Partnership Agreement and the factors that have inhibited and/or facilitated their actions. The paper utilizes a quantitative (online surveys) and qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews). The data has not yet been collected and therefore the abstract cannot speak to the actual outcomes. However, polemic and anecdotal information suggest that the uptake of the EPA provisions has been low among players in the Barbadian tourism industry.


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Momentum continues to build at Plymouth Albion with the signing of Damien Welch, as the club's new head coach, and with the Albion 2020 Heroes funding topping £28,000.
A successful 15 year elite level playing career together with senior coaching qualifications attests to Damien's credentials as the right man to take the helm at Brickfields.
Business entrepreneurs tell you 'When others see the boat, you've already missed it.' My request to Plymouth's business and commercial community is to be bold, see the opportunities for the Ocean City, step up and join us in our quest to 'Make Albion Great Again.'
I learned much in my time as Chiefs Corporate Sales Manager, not the least being Tony Rowe's estimate that Chiefs activities are worth over £10 million per year to Exeter's business community.
Siren voices may say that Albion is not Chiefs and they have had their problems in recent years. They are, of course, correct in their observation, but I will counter by saying: 'Falling down is not the problem. Not getting up is.'
Like many elite level sporting clubs, Coronavirus lockdown hit Albion hard. Indeed, hard knocks have not been unfamiliar at Plymouth Albion. What is emerging from Brickfields is a new found resourcefulness, steel will, determination and the wit to find solutions to the knocks and move forward.
'Make Albion Great Again' is the message sounding loud and clear from Brickfields, a message I am keen to extend to our neighbours, Argyle and Raiders. Tony Rowe taught me that doing things well is not good enough. Success only comes if we do the right things well. Battling in the mud at the Chiefs' old County Ground, a purpose-built stadium was little more than a pipe dream. Not any longer, as a 350-bedroom hotel is under construction right next to Sandy Park Stadium and Conference Centre.
Rowe's progressive development plans and strategies are already in place to sequentially extend Sandy Park into a 25,000-seat stadium and a full facility international conference, event and banqueting complex. Clearly the Ocean City would benefit hugely from a similar major multi facility sporting complex, conference, events and banqueting complex.
Max and I have had exploratory talks with representatives of Raiders Basketball, Argyle football and Plymouth Council. A collaborative association has a much greater chance of success.
As I see it seeking achievement for ourselves and forgetting about progress and prosperity for our community is short-sighted and a folly. Our ambitions must be broad enough to include the aspirations and needs of others, for their sake and our own.
With that in mind I must offer congratulations to Argyle, who have won pole position for promotion this term. Well done one and all at Home Park.
Doubts and uncertainty remain concerning for all our futures as we move towards the new normality post coronavirus.
In an uncertain world, prudence and caution are logically important. Seizing the opportunity to build systems and infrastructures sufficiently robust to come through the lockdown crisis and be ready to move forward when the 'new normal arrives is similarly important.
I know well that a mountain of grass roots and basic work remains to be done at Plymouth Albion, as we continue to build and develop our own future in rugby union.
I also accept that I am 'The New Boy on the lot' but 12 years at Exeter Chiefs taught me just what can be achieved, if you have the belief, determination and faith to stay the course and build your dream.
A journey of a thousand miles starts with a single step. Albion came through a crisis just four years back. Coronavirus hit us hard, but we have navigated a path through the troubles and continue to build our management team, infrastructure and systems to ensure sustainable security and success.
The Albion 2020 Heroes Fund, signing top man Damien Welch, as our new senior coach are just two steps on our journey.
As the new commercial manager, my door is open and my phone will be answered to those who wish to join us on our journey to 'Make Albion Great Again'.
Plymouth Live's unbeatable Argyle coverage
Keep an eye out on our social media pages for more Argyle news - we are on Twitter @HeraldPAFC and on Facebook Plymouth Live - Argyle
You can follow Argyle reporter Chris Errington on Twitter @ChrisErrington1 and on Facebook HeraldChris
Each week, Chris will give subscribers an exclusive glimpse of what life is like as one of Britain's most-travelled football reporters in our Inside Home Park newsletter. It's an absolute must-read, and you can sign up for that here (it must be done on desktop not mobile, though).
Meanwhile, we learn that a try can no longer be scored by touching the ball at the base of a goal post.
I suspect that to be the result of a committee deliberating on the laws for many hours.
Meanwhile they appear to have failed to clarify the issues of high tackles, head contact and serious concussion injuries. One suspects that the spectacle of the 'Dance of the Fat Boys ' delaying scrums to stop the action fans have paid to see remain unanswered.
It seems logical to me that returning to traditional rugby union practice, prior to the ingress of rugby league coaches, might just be an obvious solution.
Tackling below the waistline worked well for over a hundred years and just might solve the head injury issues blighting our union game today (it would also create a far greater spectacle with attack trumping defence!)
Similarly returning to the scrums being set, the ball introduced down the middle of the tunnel and the scrum over and done with in just 15-20 seconds also seems a blindingly obvious solution to losing so much time watching players prance, pose and backslap in mutual admiration.
Following Sir Bill Beaumont's re-election as chairman or World Rugby, we learn that there is to be a further emphasis in developing the women's game. Watching the England full time Roses demolish the amateur Welsh Ladies 66-7 in their last game was somewhat painful on the eye.
Indeed the cumulative England roses 138–13 score in their last three Six Nations games did little feed the Corinthian Webb Ellis ideals of fair play and an even playing field.
I'm told you catch more mosquitoes with honey than you do with vinegar, so enough of me feeding controversy in the wider rugby world. Let us maintain our focus on 'Making Albion Great Again!"


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Magel Tyala Shettale farm pound subsidy scheme 2020 is launched by government of Maharashtra to provide a source of water to farm land. Under Magel Tyala Shettale scheme state government of Maharashtra gives a subsidy to build farm ponds for the conservation of water in the farm.
The state government has allocated Rs.204 crore in its budget to implement the scheme. The benefit of the Magel Tyala shettale scheme will be transferred directly in the bank accounts of farmers for 51,369 farm ponds. According to the notification, the eligible farmer will get Rs.50,000 directly in their bank accounts to construct a pond in their farm land.
It is certain that with the implementation of new scheme the state government main objective to providing with regular and uninterrupted water supply for each of the farmer in the state for his farm land.
Under Magel Tyala Shettale pond subsidy scheme, the state government has made a provision under which every farm pond project will be geo-tagged to monitor the progress of work. So far, government has received 2,83,620 applications till date for farm ponds from farmers. The application form for the farm pond subsidy scheme are being invited through the official website at egs.mahaonline.gov.in.
Online Application of Magel Tyla Schettale Scheme 2020
The complete procedure for Magel Tyla Shettale online registration / application from is given below
- Visit the officially website of Aaple Sarkaar https://aaplesarkar.maharashtra.gov.in/en/
- Home page of the website will open then click at link मागेल त्याला शेततळे
- Direct link for registration https://egs.mahaonline.gov.in/Registration/Registration
- Fill complete details in registration form and click at register button
- Afetr the registration, the candidates can login with their User ID and Password for filling up the application form for Magel Tyala Shettale Subsidy Scheme
- Candidates can also contact nearest Panchayat or Taluka office for the Magel Tyala Shettale Farm Pond Subsidy Scheme
Eligibility for Magel Tyala Shettale Subsidy Scheme
There are the following eligibility criteria for Magel Tyala Shettale Farm Pond Subsidy Scheme 2020
- The farmer should be the owner of the land and have minimum 0.60 hectare of cultivate land.
- All farmers whether group of farmers and individual farmers are eligible for this scheme
- Applicants should have resident of Maharashtra state
Check Application Status of Magel Tyla Shettale Scheme 2020
The applicants can check or track their Magel Tyla Shettale application form at officially website egs.mahaonline.gov.in. The direct link to check status of application is given below
Magel Tyla Shettale Subsidy Scheme 2020 -PDF
The details order / guidelines PDF of the Megal Tyla Shettale Farm Pond Subsidy Scheme 2020 can be downloaded from the below link
Magel Tyla Shettale Scheme – Helpline
Toll Free Helpline Number – 1800 120 8040


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McNeese Chemical Engineering Major Receives Hands-On Experience in Product Development
McNeese State University senior chemical engineering student Aimee Ingabire recently worked to develop hair coloring products as part of her internship at Henkel Corp. in Rocky Hill, Connecticut.
Ingabire was assigned to develop a hair color toner and lightener, and with this project, she had the opportunity to see what it was like to design and produce a consumer product at all stages.
"First, I did market research on hair toners and hair lighteners to discover what is currently popular and create a benchmark," she says. "I decided to incorporate the use of charcoal as an ingredient, because charcoal in hair is trending right now."
Next, she worked on prototype development with a marketing team and the creation of formulas for manufacturing and production. Ingabire says she used her studies at McNeese constantly throughout the development process, and, while most of her classmates are interested in pursuing careers in industrial plants, she wants students to know that commercial product development is also a viable career option, one with distinct benefits.
"In this position, you're the one coming up with the whole formula process of how products are produced – at what temperature, at what PH, at what viscosity," she says. "You see the project from the very start until you actually release the formula to be manufactured. At some point, we'll probably see this product on the market!"
From Kigali, Rwanda, Ingabire says that she decided to pursue a degree at McNeese after hearing about others' great experiences at the university.
"My best friend attended McNeese and my friends from Nigeria would talk about the engineering program here, how there were a lot of career opportunities and great professors like assistant professor Dr. Srinivasan Ambatipati, associate professor Dr. Ramalingam Subramaniam and professor Dr. John Griffith," she says.
While she's currently planning on pursuing a Master of Business Administration degree at McNeese after graduating, Ingabire says that she believes this experience has helped her decide on her future career.
"I really want to develop and produce these products that people use every day," she says. "You're making a difference, and indirectly, you're helping people make their lives better in ways they don't even realize."
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Andrea Vargas-Mark
Venezuelan-born Andrea Vargas-Mark MS'17 always knew that she would be an engineer. While earning her undergraduate degree at the University of Florida, that passion led her first to mechanical engineering, and the opportunity to develop creative designs for systems and mechanisms. But then her mother fell seriously ill, and as she underwent a battery of treatments and procedures, Vargas-Mark began to rethink her focus.
"I got to see all the incredible technology that biomedical engineers were developing," she said. "From that moment on, I knew that I wanted to eventually come back to school and focus on biomedical engineering."
As a first step, Vargas-Mark relocated from Florida to New York City in order to join several biotech start-ups. There, she was able to get first-hand experience working on projects such as 3D bioprinting of tissues and crafting better cartilage grafts for rhinoplasty.
It didn't take long for her to realize that earning a master's at Columbia Engineering afforded her an unmatched opportunity to grow professionally: the chance to attend a top program in biomedical engineering with close ties to both the city's vibrant tech scene and global engineers and entrepreneurs, as well as the flexibility to continue her work as a design engineer at 3DBio Corporation. At 3DBio, she researches and develops human tissue engineered constructs and collaborates with surgeons to develop implantable and anatomically accurate 3D models to support patients' healing. At Columbia Engineering, she was able to build on that experience by taking part in a year-long biomedical design class that paired her with a clinical mentor and provided a platform to develop new technologies for robotic surgeries. Her team focused on women's health, creating technology to make robotic surgeries for procedures like hysterectomies more efficient and less invasive, and is currently in the process of filing a patent on it through Columbia Technology Ventures.
"The Biomedical Engineering Master's program director, Katherine Reuther, has been invaluable in creating a program that can work for people from all kinds of backgrounds with all kinds of plans for the future," Vargas-Mark said of her studies. "I've learned so much in such a short amount of time, and the people I've been able to meet have been an incredibly valuable resource."
Her mentors on campus have also included a diverse community of "super-empowering" women scientists and engineers, who haven't just made her a better biomedical engineer, she says, but have imparted important lessons in teamwork and leadership.
Following her graduation in December, Vargas-Mark aims to return to full-time R&D work, pursuing her Columbia design team project while developing more technologies and products with the potential to help patients live better.
"I want my work to make a difference in people's lives," she said.
Student Spotlight The biomedical program at Columbia Engineering works for people from all kinds of backgrounds with all kinds of plans for the future.