text:
Tuesday, June 3, 2014
Kris: Hope your day is going well 11:20 AM
Kris: No need to reply- know u need to focus. maybe chat tonight. meet tomorrow! 🙂 11:22 AM
Me: Hiya hot stuff! Thank you! You make me smile through a tough day – spent 2 hours training to do financial work. SUCKS! I hope your day is going well. Going to Mom's – will look for you online later in the evening! And your smiling face tomorrow! 12:09 PM
Kris: Sorry they're making you do stuff u hate. Working out before work so wont b home so late…leaving work round 8:00…on to chat by 9:30. Glad to put smile on your face, but working toward "grimace of climactic pleasure" accompsnied by loud moaning. Trying to keep my "performance anxiety" about all that at "reasonable level" which you're so good at helping with. (Hope that made u smile too!) 😉 Alfalfa 12:42 PM
Kris: I probably shouldn't distract u with this at work, but watching some "squirting"/outside sex/bondage all in one. Girl's not my type, bondage not my thing, and "squirting" seems fake, but listening to her cum is fun… 😉
Kris: sent from naughty Spanky and the gang… 😉 3:48 PM
Kris: out early, sitting on bike listening to Stones "Cant Always Get What You Want". gonna make quick stop at gym then rush home to chat with Sassy Girl. feeling naughty…let's do something different (for us). watch some same porn clips together. sure u have a vast "treasure trove" to draw from. 7:37 PM
Me: You are super frisky! Great idea! Sadly, I am worn out, with a wicked headache. Going to bed. Sorry! 8:14 PM
Me: Wondering about supper tomorrow – maybe meet at Shaws, get veggies together? Or whatever you're in the mood for? 8:17 PM
Kris: ok. sounds good…just entered NH on 93. stopped to take F'in helmut off. ("Live Free or Die" state–more "bad boy" friendly). still goin to gym…but makin short to get on w. U! 🙂 !!! 8:30 PM
Kris: sorry im runnin late. 🙁 just dropped off bike. hope u have enough life left for short chat. b on in about 25 10:03 PM
· Jun 03 10:28 PM Kris: sorry i'm on late…u still up?
Kris: On if you're still up 10:29 PM
Kris: Fall asleep at desk? Go to bed? If so, I'll be with you in 19 hours! 10:38 PM
· Jun 03 10:41 PM Kris: Guess is you went to bed…or fell asleep at desk. Either way sleep well and I'll see you tomorrow. I'll leave this open a little while longer–in case you fell asleep at your desk, wake up, and want to just say good night. Kiss & Hug. Kris
· Jun 03 10:46 PM Kris: You may not read this…but I just had a delicious thought/memory. If you're asleep right now…..and I was there…..I could wake you up and "bother" you. But, alas, I'm here and you're there. But I'll be there soon! : D
· Jun 03 11:05 PM Kris: 11:05 p.m Guess not tonight. : ( but tomorrow will be here soon. : ) sleep well Sass. can't wait to get my paws on you. Mwah!
Kris: I'm going to bed. sleep well Sass. be with u soon. Kiss & hug with groping.
Mmmmmm! 11:09 PM


text:
Vintage Television and Video Vintage television and video equipment, programmes, VCRs etc. |
Thread Tools |
23rd Sep 2023, 8:48 pm | #1 |
Join Date: Aug 2022
Location: Stockton-on-Tees, Cleveland, UK.
Posts: 39
Pioneer CLD-D515 Laserdisc Player Repair - No Power
Hi all,
I have a Pioneer CLD-D515 laserdisc player in for repair at the moment, and I could use some advice with it, please. The unit doesn't seem to power on - the standby LED seems to light up, but the unit doesn't respond to the power button on the front panel or the IR remote. I suspect that this is a PSU problem - please see images below. I've replaced the 1uF 400V electrolytic at C12 as this is apparently a common problem, and it was completely baked out, but even with a new part fitted the unit is still giving the same symptoms. It does now give a high-pitched noise from the PSU when mains is applied, which may mean that something is being overloaded. Does anyone have any advice as to fault-finding these types of PSU (which also seem to be used on the CLD-S310/15), please, such as common failures and how to test all of the output voltages? The service manual is available here, including PSU schematics: https://manuals.lddb.com/LD_Players/...an-RRV1356.pdf Many thanks, Adam |
25th Sep 2023, 10:50 am | #2 |
Join Date: Dec 2019
Location: Owston Ferry, North Lincolnshire, UK.
Posts: 1,670
Re: Pioneer CLD-D515 Laserdisc Player Repair - No Power
Have you checked that R4, R5 and R6 have not gone high resistance, also the diode that feeds into this section?
Quote "All is hyperthetical, until it isn't!" (President Laura Roslin, Battlestar Galactica) |
25th Sep 2023, 5:00 pm | #3 |
Join Date: Aug 2023
Location: Leicester, Leicestershire, UK.
Posts: 21
Re: Pioneer CLD-D515 Laserdisc Player Repair - No Power
ONLY If you feel safe to..
this is what I did on my Sony dead PSU for my MDP-850D Place it solder side up, and plug it in for a few seconds - obviously beware of it being LIVE HIGH VOLTAGE! Unplug - BUT IT COULD STILL HAVE CHARGE! CAREFULLY, check DC voltage on the large electrolytic - C11 - if high - at least 240v DC, then primary side of the PSU should be ok -but BEWARE - that cap is now DANGEROUS! IF the cap has little voltage, (as it was on my PSU), I checked what was coming out and going into the Bridge Rectifier. I only had 15v AC going in. So I knew that the primary was at fault. I could not find a schematic for my PSU, but I spotted that the voltage drop was after `something` - I cant remember what I did, but I changed that component, and the PSU is now working. |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
After establishing himself in the Swedish league, Anton Lindholm will head to North America.
The Colorado Avalanche announced that they have signed the 21-year-old defenseman to a three-year, entry-level contract. They selected Lindholm in the fifth round of the 2014 NHL Entry Draft.
More of a defensive defenseman, Lindholm only registered four assists in 30 Swedish league games with Skelleftea AIK in 2015-16, but he also had a team-high 85 hits despite missing a chunk of the season due to injury. During the playoffs he helped his team reach the SHL Finals by leading them in both hits and blocked shots.
That was his second full campaign with Skelleftea AIK. The next step for Lindholm will likely be for him to continue his development in the AHL.


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Today I acknowledge that this day, which is a time of celebration for most Australians, is a day of mourning for our First Nations people.
For them it is invasion day, but also a day of survival. Against the odds they have maintained their identity and as much of their culture as was possible.
Today I acknowledge the Gweagal people of the Dharawal nation on whose land I now live, and whose land comprises a large part of the Hughes electorate.
And I acknowledge to my sorrow that my life and prosperity has been partly built on the back of stolen land, stolen lives and stolen wages. Inequality and white privilege have given me opportunities unfairly denied to many First Nations people.
But today I also acknowledge and thank my Aboriginal friends who, despite this history, seek reconciliation, truth, justice and friendship. May the non-indigenous people of Australia, and our Government, respond truthfully and sensitively to this generosity of spirit.
In response, I accept the responsibility of being part of changing the future.


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Byredo Parfums - Inflorescence
Byredo Parfums - Inflorescence
Head Notes
Rose, Freesia
Heart Notes
Magnolia, Lily Of The Valley
Base Notes
Byredo - Inflorescence - EdP
To celebrate the beginning of spring, nature's perennial and powerful rebirth, Ben Gorham(Founder and Creative Director of BYREDO) envisaged a wild garden and a floral scent thatwould capture the strength and beauty of its blossoms, just as they reach their dramatic peak.The result, the wonderfully entitled ?INFLORESCENCE', is an Arcadian stroll through untamedbowers of full-blown, rambling roses, interspersed by the intoxicating, honeyed notes of pinkfreesias in their prime. Two of Spring's very first flowers lie at the heart; the creamy-soft allureof the Magnolia blossom, its petals fully open about to drop onto beds of quivering Lily of theValley or ?May Bells' -in the language of flowers, symbolic of a ?return to happiness' and the joyassociated with the onset of spring. Finally, and most unusually, Ben has used Jasmine at the base, again luxuriant and overgrown, a veritable riot of fresh sweetness that supports the structure andfurnishes a heady close.


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Half-Day Rest, Composite Stock Price Index Climbs Up to 6.284
By : Abraham Sihombing And Aldo Bella Putra | Tuesday, April 10 2018 - 15:30 IWST
IHSG (Foto/Rizki Meirino)
INDUSTRY.co.id - Jakarta - The Jakarta Composite Index (IDX) closed at 6,284 at the end of the first trading session on Tuesday (10/04/2018), up 0.62 or 38 points compared to the position at the end of trading the previous day at the level 6.246.
The strengthening of JCI on the mid-day break is supported by the price increase of 225 shares. There were 134 stocks that experienced price declines, 116 stagnant shares and 145 shares were not transacted at all.
The total value of trading across all BEI market segments in this first session reached Rp3, 09 trillion. It consists of the trading value in the Regular Market of Rp2.92 trillion, in the Negotiated Market worth Rp177.42 billion and in the Cash Market of Rp905,000.
Total volume of transactions as much as 42.42 million lots of shares, the result of 247.067 times the transaction. Foreign investors booked a net purchase of Rp34.09 billion with a net purchase volume of 112,332 units.
A total of eight out of nine sector indices are green. Index of infrastructure sector experienced the largest increase, which amounted to 1.13% or 12.32 points to 1,106 positions. This was followed by index of mining sector and financial sector index which rose 1.04% and 1.03% respectively.
LQ45 stocks that experienced price increases and became top gainers were WSBP whose price increased by 3.18% or 14 to Rp454 per unit, EXCL price raised 2.72% or Rp70 to Rp2.640 per unit and AKRA price increased 2 , 71% or Rp150 to Rp5,675 per unit.
LQ45 stocks that became top losers were SMGR whose price dropped by 1.69% or Rp175 to Rp10,150 per unit, INTP whose price was eroded 1.59% or Rp300 to Rp18,550 per unit and UNVR whose price was cut 1, 49% or Rp775 to Rp51,125 per unit. (Abraham Sihombing)


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How chloroquine works
Identical and fraternal twins have also been reported to have itched, however, this was just like youngsters of the same mother and father who don't all itch following chloroquine administration. There was however a difference within the depth of itch after using chloroquine in malaria therapy. Enzyme deficiency similar to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase has been discovered to be comparatively extra frequent among itchers than non-itchers.
For the blood schizoniticides, heme is a frequent goal, as is folic acid synthesis, and mitochondrial electron transport. Drug interactions might change how your medications work or enhance your danger for severe unwanted effects. Keep a listing of all of the merchandise you employ (together with prescription/nonprescription medicine and herbal products) and share it together with your physician and pharmacist. Do not begin, cease, or change the dosage of any medicines with out your doctor's approval. Chloroquine phosphate is in a class of medicine known as antimalarials and amebicides.
There are roughly 300 cases of extreme malaria within the United States annually, most of them acquired from journey to malaria-endemic international locations. Severe malaria should be handled with intravenous (IV) antimalarial medications.
Individuals typically report with larger intensity of itching whenever they use the sulphate preparation. Some individuals typically report itching to the tablets with out itching to the injectable formulation. This means chloroquine that the intensity of chloroquine itching may be lowered by altering the route and type of administration as earlier instructed.
The US had obtained 4 million cinchona seeds from the Philippines and commenced operating cinchona plantations in Costa Rica. Additionally, they began harvesting wild cinchona bark through the Cinchona Missions. Tens of 1000's of US troops in Africa and the South Pacific died due to the lack of quinine.
- People with the metabolic dysfunction glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) must also keep away from it.
- Common side effects embrace muscle issues, lack of urge for food, diarrhea, and pores and skin rash.
- Other oral options embody atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone ®), quinine, or mefloquine.
- Chloroquine should not be used in these circumstances unless the profit to the affected person outweighs the potential risks.
Where is chloroquine effective
The key mutation seems to be K76T since no chloroquine resistant isolate carries the wild type lysine at place seventy six. It should be famous that usually numerous other mutations are noted in chloroquine resistant malaria, however solely the K76T amino acid switch is seen persistently within the chloroquine resistant malaria. Chloroquine shouldn't be used for therapy of P. falciparum infections from areas of chloroquine resistance or malaria occurring in patients where chloroquine prophylaxis has failed. Despite the rising stories as a result of resistance of parasite to chloroquine in some parts of the world,, this drug remains some of the common to malaria remedy,. In this examine for the primary time, the adverse results of chloroquine and quinine as orchitis and uro-genitaly discharge in male mice had been investigated.
is a standard antimalarial agent that usually leads to severe toxicity when taken in overdose. Chloroquine is structurally related to quinine and quinidine, and cardiotoxicity resulting from any of these brokers could be indistinguishable. is the drug of alternative within the few malaria-endemic areas freed from CRPf. Combining chloroquine and proguanil is an option for CRPf when different first-line antimalarials are contraindicated.
Antirheumatic doses of chloroquine are higher than those used for malaria prevention. Chloroquine passes into breast milk and may hurt a breastfeeding child. Don't breastfeed whereas taking this drug with out first speaking to your healthcare provider. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first approved chloroquine in 1949. The compound has weak intrinsic antimalarial exercise and should act as a competitive inhibitor of the binding of chloroquine to the putative transporter.
Quinine was originally used as a malaria therapy through the days of colonial India. Regardless of exactly the way it was discovered, the first documentation of its use as malaria is recorded in 1630 in Peru. It continued to be used for its antimalarial properties till the 1920s, when other medicine with fewer side effects took its place, like chloroquine. And someplace alongside the best way, quinine discovered its way into our cocktails. Some docs do suggest a rigorously monitored four- to six-week trial of quinine for sufferers whose leg cramps aren't relieved by other means.
Once affected person can tolerate oral drugs, switch to an oral observe-on treatment. Placement of nasogastric tube or use of antiemetics must be thought of to facilitate administration of oral therapy. IV artesunate shall be prepositioned at choose CDC points of distribution throughout the United States. When IV artesunate is launched, the requesting hospital will receive information concerning which one of the two products is being sent, where the artesunate is coming from, and time of arrival at the vacation spot airport.


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By Summer Evans
Baltimore Watchdog Staff Writer
Students at Towson University fell into a peculiar situation earlier this month when they found themselves in a debate over whether the school should invite controversial media personality Milo Yiannopoulos to speak on campus – even though there were no actual plans to invite the conservative firebrand.
The debate was sparked when Towson student and the president of College Democrats of Maryland, Matt Teitelbaum, wrote an article for the university's student newspaper, the Towerlight, and the Huffington Post entitled "I'm A Liberal, And I Want Milo Yiannopoulos On My Campus."
Teitelbaum's argument received even more attention when he was invited to go on Fox News and discuss his opinion.
Teitelbaum's article came after the University of California at Berkeley cancelled plans to invite Yiannopoulos to campus when violent protests erupted there on Feb. 1.
According to Teitelbaum, Yiannopoulos should be allowed to speak on college campuses so his views could be openly debated and challenged. Teitelbaum said Yiannopoulos's speech is protected by the First Amendment.
"Rioting or heckling him is self-defeating, intellectually lazy, temper-tantrum level behavior for people who know that they can't actually argue properly with him," Teitelbaum said.
Teitelbaum's article quickly became controversial among Towson students when it was posted on the Towerlight website and eventually the personal Facebook pages of both,Teitelbaum and Yiannopoulos.
"Matt is one of our columnists, so of course we were going to publish what he writes," said Cody Boteler, editor-in-chief of the Towerlight. "While I didn't personally agree with everything he said, I wasn't about to block his voice."
Teitelbaum received many comments once he posted his article on his Facebook page, with 37 comments on the link to his article and 56 comments on a later status Teitelbaum posted defending his article. He received another 39 comments when he announced he would be going on Fox News.
Most of the comments were critical of Teitelbaum's opinion, with a vocal minority defending him.
"There was both deep support and deep anger with what I wrote," Teitelbaum said. "I was a bit surprised. I really didn't think supporting freedom of speech in regards to offensive speech was a complex or controversial notion with all but the most entrenched left-wing extremists. I thought my message was simple."
The co-president of the Towson College Democrats, Pat Mascio, disagreed with Teitelbaum's views.
"I understand the sentiments of Matt's article," Mascio said. "What he was trying to get at was that we should debate our ideological differences instead of running away from them. What he actually accomplished was the alienation of many minority communities by using Milo Yiannopoulos as the standard bearer of free speech and open debate, which he is not."
Yiannopoulos has made headlines in the past for his criticism and comments on feminism, Islam, gay rights, political correctness, and particularly for his treatment of transgender rights.
"A pressing objection I have to Milo coming to TU and other campuses is that he poses a real threat to the security, safety and health of students," said John McTague, a political science professor at Towson.
McTague said he has mixed feelings about Yiannopoulos speaking in public in general, as well as Yiannopoulos speaking on college campuses specifically. Ultimately, McTague said the safety of students, particularly transgender students, should be placed above Yiannopoulos's freedom of speech.
"Is free speech vital to democracy and to the mission of higher education? Absolutely. Is it a wild west, anything goes kind of freedom? I don't think so," McTague said. "Just as news organizations exercise editorial judgment, it's fair for universities to evaluate the value of certain ideas and weigh the pros of free speech against the very real cons raised above. I think Milo is right there on that line."
Beth Haller, who teaches media law at Towson, agrees with McTague that inviting Yiannopoulos to campus would be very complicated.
"Because of the unrest at UC Berkeley, I think Towson and other universities will be rightfully wary to bring such a provocative speaker to campus," Haller said. "Hate speech, as long as it is just speech and not actions, is protected under the First Amendment, but that doesn't mean a university has to invite people with those beliefs as on-campus speakers."
Shortly after Teitelbaum's article was published, Yiannopoulos was in the news again when a video clip surfaced of him arguing that sexual relationships between 13-year-old boys and adults can be consensual.
After that latest controversy, Yiannopoulos resigned as senior editor from the alt-right website Breitbart News and his book deal with Simon & Schuster was cancelled.
Teitelbaum still stands by his article.
"I actually would say that the surfacing of those comments proved my point," Teitelbaum said. "Milo's most reprehensible view, which in this case was revealed to be a soft attitude towards what is undeniable statutory rape, was revealed not through censorship, heckling, or rioting, but instead through discourse."
Towson student Anthony Martino agreed with Teitelbaum's original article.
"Matt wanted the guy here so that he would say something awful and get awful press," Martino said. "Matt wanted to protect his freedom of speech so that Milo would destroy himself like he did."
"Milo's downfall wasn't because people openly challenged him," Mascio said. "Milo has been saying hateful, ignorant and disgusting things aimed at minorities throughout his whole career, but because these things did not affect the majority he was still tolerated and protected by free speech absolutists. The minute he begins to talk about pedophilia, the majority begins to not tolerate him because it's the first thing he's said that could directly affect them."


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HT 2011, Period 1, IK2554 Practical Voice Over IP (VoIP): SIP and related protocols
(Röst över IP (VoIP) i praktiken: SIP och relaterade protokoll)
Last modified: Mon Nov 14 16:22:01 CET 2011
version for 2011 - still under development
Video recordings are now available.
IK2554 Practical Voice Over IP (VoIP): SIP and related protocols (Röst över IP (VoIP) i praktiken: SIP och relaterade protokoll) is a 7.5 point course designed for advanced undergraduates and graduate students; especially those in the Telecommunication Graduate Program or the International Masters Wireless program.
Advanced undergraduates should have completed the course 2G1305/IK1550 (Internetworking) or 2G1701 (Advanced Internetworking) or an equivalent course and obtain permission of the instructor.
This course will give both practical and general knowledge concerning Voice over IP. The emphasis will be on the underlying protocols.
Learning Outcomes
Following this course a student should be able to:
- Understand the relevant protocols (particularily SIP, SDP, RTP, and SRTP): what they are, how they can be used, and how they can be extended.
- Enable you to utilize SIP in Presence and event-based communications
- Understand how SIP can provide application-level mobility along with other forms of mobility
- Understand how SIP can be used to facilitate communications access for users with disabilities (for example using real-time text, text-to-speech, and speech-to-text) and to know what the basic requirements are to provide such services
- Understand SIP can be used as part of Internet-based emergency services and to know what the basic requirements are to provide such services
- Contrast "peer-to-peer" voice over IP systems (i.e., how they differ, how they might scale, what are the peers, ...)
- Know the relevant standards and specifications - both of the protocols and of the requirements (for example, concerning legal intecept)
- Understand the key issues regarding quality-of-service and security
- Evaluate existing voice over IP and other related services (including presence, mobile presence, location-aware, context-aware, and other service)
- Design and evaluate new SIP based services
- Read the current literature at the level of conference papers in this area.
- While you may not be able to understand all of the papers in journals, magazines, and conferences in this area - you should be able to read 90% or more of them and have good comprehension. In this area it is especially important that develop a habit of reading the journals, trade papers, etc. In addition, you should also be aware of both standardization activities, new products/services, and public policy in the area.
- Demonstrate knowledge of this area both orally and in writing.
- By writing a paper suitable for submission to conferences and journals in the area.
This course should prepare you for starting an exjobb in this area (for undergraduate students) or beginning a thesis or dissertation (for graduate students).
- Telesys, gk or Datorkommunikation och datornät/Data and Computer Communications or equivalent knowledge in Computer Communications; Internetworking; or permission of the instructor
Students considering participating in this course should contact the instructor.
This course will focus on the protocls associate with Voice over IP. The course should give both practical and more general knowledge concerning the these protocols. One of the major aims of the course is that student should be able to build upon these protocols to enable new services.
The course consists of 10 hours of lectures and an assigned paper requiring roughly 50h of work by each student.
- Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
- Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)
- Real-time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
- Common Open Policy Server (COPS)
- SIP User Agents
- Location Server, Redirect Server, SIP Proxy Server, Registrar Server, ... , Provisioning Server, Feature Server
- Call Processing Language (CPL)
Examination Requirements
- An assigned paper requiring roughly 50-200h of work by each student (7.5 ECTS)
- Registration: Monday 19 September 2011 at 23:59, to firstname.lastname@example.com with the subject: IK2554 topic" giving:
- Group members, leader.
- Topic selected
- Written report
- The length of the final report should be 10 pages (roughly 5,000 words) for each student; it should not be longer than 12 pages for each student - papers which are longer than 12 pages per student will be graded as "F".
- If there are multiple students in a project group, the report may be in the form of a collections of papers, with each paper suitable for submission to a conference or journal.
- Contribution by each member of the group - must be clear (in the case where the report is a collection of papers - the role of each member of the group can be explained in the overall introduction to the papers.
- The report should clearly describe: 1) what you have done; 2) who did what; if you have done some implementation and measurements you should describe the methods and tools used, along with the test or implementation results, and your analysis.
- Final Report: written report due Friday 14 October 2011 + oral presentations individually scheduled 20 and 21 October 2011.
- Send email with URL link to firstname.lastname@example.com and you must submit your Zotero RDF file or BibTeX file of references that you have used.
- Late assignments will not be accepted (i.e., there is not guarantee that they will be graded before the end of the term)
- Note that it is pemissible to start working well in advance of the deadlines!
- For graduate students the paper should be of the quality that it could be submitted to a conference - immediately following the course.
- Oral presentations; Each group should present their results in 15 minutes or less. The presentation should not be more than 15 minutes, given the 20 minute timeslot this gives time for a couple questions and changing presenters. You only need to attend the part of the day that you give your presentation.
For new ECTS grading:
- To get an "A" you need to write an outstanding or excellent paper and give an outstanding or excellent oral presentation. (Note that at least one of these needs to be excellent.)
- To get a "B" you need to write a very good paper, i.e., it should be either a very good review or present a new idea; and you have to give a very good oral presentation.
- To get a "C" you need to write a paper which shows that you understand the basic ideas underlying voice over IP and that you understand one (or more) particular aspects at the level of an average masters student. In addtion, you must be able to present the results of your paper in a clear, concise, and professional manner - and answer questions (as would be expected at a typical international conference in this area.)
- To get a "D" you need to demonstrate that you understand the basic ideas underlying voice over IP, however, your depth of knowledge is shallow and you are unable to orally answer indepth questions on the topic of your paper.
- If your paper has some errors (including incomplete references) or you are unable to answer any indepth questions following your oral presentation the grade will be an "E".
- If your paper has serious errors or you are unable to answer basic questions following your oral presentation the grade will be an "F".
- If your paper or oral presentation are close to passing, but not at the passing level, then you will be offered the opportunity for "komplettering", i.e., students whose written paper does not pass can submit a revised version of their paper (or a completely new paper) - which will be evaluated; similarly students whose oral presentation is unacceptable may be offered a second opportunity to give their oral presentation. If a student fails the second oral presentation, they must submit a new paper on a new topic in order to give an oral presentation on this new topic.
Code of Honor and Regulations
It is KTH policy that there is zero tolerance for cheating, plagiarism, etc. - for details see KTH startpage->Student->Student rights See also the KTH Ethics Policies
Suggestions when writing your report
- For students who are looking for examples of papers - see the ACM Sigcomm 2005 proceedings - which are in the Computer Communication Review, Volume 35, Number 4, October 2005.
- For your document, you should be sure to use A4 sized paper rather than US letter.
- For those using LaTeX, you can improve the look of the document by:
- switching to using PostScipt fonts (instructions)
- You can also turn off hyphenation or at least limit its use with "\hyphenpenalty=5000 \tolerance=1000"
Some common flaws in reports (from other courses)
- Incomplete references
- Missing important citations
- Statements made without justification or supporting citations
- Poor (or no) editing
- Failure to spell check the document
- Documents which it is clear that no one looked at after formatting - often these have breaks in the middle of sentences, missing phrases, ... .
- Using figures from others without the copyright owner's permission
- Lack of page numbers
- Unreadable text in figures
- Failure to label elements of figures adequately
- Use of contractions - you should avoid using contractions in a formal report
- Use of acronyms or abbreviations without properly introducing them; often failure to use these acroynms and abbreviations consistently through the rest of the paper
- Redundant text
- Using too few refences, often the paper looks like simply a cut and paste edit of these references.
- Single sentence paragraphs
- Lack of vertical white space between paragraphs, which in some cases makes it hard to understand where new paragraphs begin
- Lack of a date - every document should have a date, in addition to title and author(s), and most references should have more information - keep in mind that the goal is to enable someone (perhaps even yourself) to find the reference at a later point in time
- Sections and subsections are not numbered - hiding both the structure of the document and making cross references difficult
Main Text-Book
The course will mainly be based on the book: Henry Sinnreich and Alan B. Johnston, Internet Communications Using SIP: Delivering VoIP and Multimedia Services with Session Initiation Protocol, 2nd Edition, Wiley, August 2006, ISBN: 0-471-77657-2
Additional Reference Books
- none - at the present time
Lecture notes are available on-line in PDF format. See the notes associated with each of the course topics.
Errata for Henry Sinnreich and Alan B. Johnston, Internet Communications Using SIP: Delivering VoIP and Multimedia Services with Session Initiation Protocol (note this is a work in progress)
Supplementary readings
- John Alexander (Editor), Chris Pearce, Anne Smith, Delon Whetten, Cisco CallManager Fundamentals: A Cisco AVVID Solution Cisco Press, 2001, ISBN: 1-58705-008-0.
- Gonzalo Camarillo and Jonathan Rosenberg, SIP Demystified McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, 2001, ISBN: 0-07-137340-3.
- Daniel Collins, Carrier Grade Voice Over IP McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, 2000, ISBN: 0-07-136326-2.
- Jonathan Davidson, James Peters, Brian Gracely (Contributor), Jim Peters, Voice over IP Fundamentals, Cisco Press, 2000, ISBN: 1-5787-0168-6.
- Jonathan Davidson (Editor), Tina Fox (Editor), Phil Bailey (Editor)ConCon Deploying Cisco Voice Over IP Solutions, Cisco Press, 2001, ISBN: 1-58705-030-7.
- Bill Douskalis, Putting VoIP to Work: Softswitch Network Design and Testing, Prentice Hall, 2002, ISBN 0-13-040959-6.
- Bill Douskalis, IP Telephony: The Integration of Robust VoIP Services, Prentice Hall, 2000, ISBN 0-13-014118-6.
- Wenyu Jiang, Jonathan Lennox, Henning Schulzrinne and Kundan Singh, "Towards Junking the PBX: Deploying IP Telephony"
- Alan B. Johnston, SIP: Understanding the Session Initiation Protocol, Artech House, 2001, ISBN: 1-58053-168-7.
- Olivier Hersent, David, Gurle, and Jea-Pierre Petit, IP Telephony: Packet-based multimedia communication systems, Addison-Wesley, 2000, ISBN 0-201-61910-5.
- David Lovell and Scott Veibell Cisco IP Telephony, Cisco Press, 2001, ISBN: 1-58705-050-1.
- Mark A. Miller, Voice over IP Technologies: Building the Converged Network, Hungry Minds, Inc., 2002, ISBN 0764549073.
- Daniel Minoli, Delivering Voice over IP Networks, John Wiley and Sons, August 2002, ISBN 0-471-38606-5.
- David J. Wright, Voice over Packet Networks, John Wiley and Sons, 2001, ISBN 0-471-49516-6.
- The European Online Magazine for the IT Professional http://www.upgrade-cepis.org Vol. II, No. 3, Jun. 2001
- R.G. Cole and J.H. Rosenbluth, "Voice Over IP Performance Monitoring", Computer Communication Review, a publication of ACM SIGCOMM, volume 31, number 2, April 2001. ISSN # 0146-4833 is available from: http://www.acm.org/sigcomm/ccr/archive/2001/apr01/ccr-200104-cole.html
- William C. Hardy, "VoIP Service Quality: Measuring and Evaluating Packet-Switched Voice", McGraw-Hill, January 2003, 317 pages, ISBN: 0071410767. (note the reviews are very mixed on this book)
- Paul Mahler, VoIP Telephony with Asterisk, Signate, San Francisco, CA, 2004. ISBN 0-9759992-0-6
- Tom Tullis and Bill Albert, Measuring the User Expeience: Collecting, Analyzing, and Presenting Usability Metrics, Morgan Kaufmann, 2008, ISBN 978-0-12-373558-4
- Elisabetta Carrara, Security for IP multimedia applications over heterogeneous networks, Licentiate thesis, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Trita-IMIT-LCN. AVH, ISSN 1651-4106; 05:01, 2005
Useful URLs
- J. Loughney and G. Camarillo, Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Requirements for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), RFC 3702, February 2004
- J. Rosenberg, A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Event Package for Registrations, RFC 3680, March 2004
- P. Faltstrom and M. Mealling, "The E.164 to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) Dynamic Delegation Discovery System (DDDS) Application (ENUM)", RFC 3761, April 2004.
- J. Peterson, "enumservice registration for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Addresses-of-Record", RFC 3764, April 2004
- O. Levin, "Telephone Number Mapping (ENUM) Service Registration for H.323", RFC 3762, April 2004
- G. Kambourakis, D. Geneiatakis, S. Gritzalis, T. Dagiuklas, and C. Lambrinoudakis, 'Security and privacy issues towards ENUM protocol', in Signal Processing and Information Technology, 2005. Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Symposium on, 2005, pp. 478-483, DOI:10.1109/ISSPIT.2005.1577144.
- vovida.org contains source code for the Vovida Open Copmmunication Application Library (VOCAL), which includes the servers described in the course book.
- note that Prof. H. Anthony Chan of San Jose State University taugh a course "EE284 Convergent Voice and Data Network" during Fall 2002 that also used the same textbook as this course.
- Henning Schulzrinne's Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) web pages
- Some SIP related Student Projects done under the supervision of Prof. Henning Schulzrinne
- Columbia InterNet Extensible Multimedia Architecture CINEMA
- IETF SIP Working group (Note that this working group has concluded its work.)
- IP Telephony
- SIP Forum
- SIP Center
- Pulver.com - see for example the May 02, 2010, Guest Blog by Daniel Berninger - Reboot VoIP by SIP Enabling Email Addresses
- VoiceTronix analog line cards
- Voxilla.org hosts a collection of pointers to various open source telecom software projects for use with the GNU/Linux operating system
- GNUComm pre-release versions of some GNUComm Components:
- GNU Bayonne, - Application Server -- a telecommunications application server; the focus is on voice response types of telephony applications.
- Babylon - Telephony Device Monitor
- TOSI - Client Call Control System
- Voice Mail - Multi-user messaging application
- Support Automation - Tele-support application
- Sales Automation - Tele-sales application
- NIST-SIP a signaling stack and message parser for the SIP (Session Initiation Protocol); includes: a public domain extensible, modular JAVA based message parser for SIP, A simple stack with authentication, implementation of JAIN-SIP 1.0 interfaces, XML based call flow scripting tool, a test proxy with an XML interface for service creation, a trace viewer tool for visualization of message traces that passing through the stack
- J. van der Merwe, R. Cceres, Y-H. Chu, C. Sreenan. Mmdump - A Tool for Monitoring Internet Multimedia Traffic. ACM Computer Communication Review, 30(4), October 2000. http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/article/vandermerwe00mmdump.html. See also http://www.research.att.com/info/Projects/mmdump
- C.J. Sreenan, Jyh-Cheng Chen, P Agrawal, and B Narendran, "Delay reduction techniques for playout buffering," IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 2, no. 2, June 2000. http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/sreenan00delay.html
- End-to-End delay: http://wwwtvs.et.tudelft.nl/people/piet/papers/e2edelayripe_IEEE.pdf see also http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/projects/cost263/meetings/09-namur/techdocs/Van-Mieghem-slides.pdf
- Soonuk Seol and Myungchul Kim's Experiments and Analysis of VoIP over Mobile IP slides - see the related PIMRC 2002 paper.
- Xianglin Deng, ¡Security of VoIP: Analysis, Testing and Mitigation of SIP-based DDoS attacks on VoIP Networks¢, Masters thesis, University of Canterbury, Canterbury, New Zealand, Available at http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/2227, 2008.
- Xianglin Deng and Malcolm Shore, Advanced Flooding Attack on a SIP Server, presented at the International conference on Availability, Reliability and Security, 2009. ARES09., Fukuoka, 2009, pp. 647-651, DOI:10.1109/ARES.2009.15, Available at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/lpdocs/epic03/wrapper.htm?arnumber=5066541.
The schedule for lectures for IK2554 Practical Voice Over IP (VoIP) are shown below (Note that in the following "xx" means "xx:00", not "xx:15".):
Date | Time | Room | Notes | ||
Thursday | 1 September 2011 | 10:00-12:00 | Ka-C1 | Lecture/Föreläsning 1 | |
Thursday | 1 September 2011 | 13:00-16:00 | Ka-Aulan | Lecture/Föreläsning 2 | |
Friday | 2 September 2011 | 10:00-12:00 | Ka-C1 | Lecture/Föreläsning 3 | |
Friday | 2 September 2011 | 13:00-16:00 | Ka-C1 | Lecture/Föreläsning 4 |
Note that Ka-C1 is in the Electrum building in Kista (Isafjordsgatan 22); while Aulan is in the Forum building (Isafjordsgatan 39).
Lecture Plan and Lecture Material (OH slides)
Note that the lectures will occur in a very intensive fashion to accommodate graduate students coming from elsewhere in Sweden.
version of lectures for 2011(~3.6MB).
Video recordings of the class.
Staff Associated with the Course
- Lecturer (kursansvarig, föreläsare): Prof. Gerald Q. Maguire Jr. (email@example.com)
Use the normal process for registering. For most students this means you should speak with your study advisor (studievägledare).
Other on-line Course related Material
- A sample call and how to record with tcpdump and decode with tcpdump, ethereal, and ipgrab.
- Running /usr/local/vocal/bin/sipset as user 1010 on a linux PC named "tlclab01" (which will have the SIP URL sip:firstname.lastname@example.com) and making a call to firstname.lastname@example.com (which will have the SIP URL sip:firstname.lastname@example.com). Thus user 1010 on tlclab01 makes a call, which user 1010 on 172.18.194.18 (a Cisco ATA 186) answers.
At the end of the call, the user on tlclab01 hangs up. - SIP-call-example
- rtp-filter.ethereal
- example-call.tcpdump
- Running /usr/local/vocal/bin/sipset as user 1010 on a linux PC named "tlclab01" (which will have the SIP URL sip:email@example.com) and making a call to email@example.com (which will have the SIP URL sip:email@example.com). Thus user 1010 on tlclab01 makes a call, which user 1010 on 172.18.194.18 (a Cisco ATA 186) answers.
- Examples of written reports submitted in 2004:
Andreas Ångström and Johan Sverin, VoiceXML and Khurram Jahangir Khan and Ming-Shuang Lang, Voice over Wireless LAN and analysis of MiniSIP as an 802.11 Phone both reports appear here with permission of the authors. - Stefano Ventura, VoIP & Security for Enterprise, Séminaire Grifes, Institute of Information and Communication Technologies (IICT), Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEIG-VD), Yverdon Switzerland, 8.11.2005 - a very nice introduction to VoIP security (in french)
Sources for Further Information
- The course previously used: Henry Sinnreich and Alan B. Johnston, Internet Communications Using SIP: Delivering VoIP and Multimedia Services with Session Initiation Protocol, Wiley, 2001, ISBN: 0-471-41399-2 and a second book Luan Dang, Cullen Jennings, and David Kelly, Practical VoIP: Using VOCAL, O'Reilly, 2002, ISBN 0-596-00078-2.
- Robin Schriebman, "Call phones from Gmail", Official Gmail Blog, Wednesday, August 25, 2010 at 9:40 AM
- Google Talk voice-chat
- Google's Gizmo5
- PeerMe, PeerMe, Inc.
- Yahoo! builds upon Dialpad acquisition to offer VoIP via its messanger
- MCI Web Calling for Windows Live Call
- Grandstream NetworksSIP phones and analog telephone adpators
- Internet Voice Campaign - part of the Voice On the Net (VON) Coalition (www.von.org)
Founding members of the Internet Voice Campaign include EarthLink, Google, Level 3, Pulver.com, Skype, Sonus Networks, and USA Datanet. - How to use SER with CPL
- To use SER with TLS and minisip - change your TLS method in the openser.conf file to: "tls_method = SSLv23" (thanks to Pjothi's comments in the minisip users mailing list on Fri, 3 Feb 2006
- thevoipweblog
- tools for testing your soundcard
- A useful tool for watching your SIP traffic is: ipgrab
- A popular VoIP operator in the US is Vonage (http://www.vonage.com)
- Jasomi Networks recently annouced their PeerPoint Centrex Edition device for serving VoIP customers behind NATs.
- Digisip offers flat rate pricing to the swedish fixed network for 195 SEK/month {seems to be limited to 30 hours}
- Bredbandsbolaget offers per minute pricing to the swedish fixed and mobile networks.
- See the excellent list of references which Raj Jain has made available
- Christian Hoene and Enhtuya Dulamsuren-Lalla of TU-Berlin, TKN, have developed a really nice application for showing the effect of packets loss on VoIP quality - Mongolia: An Auditory Testing Environment to Study the Importance of a VoIP Packet
- For access to the KTH electronic library see KTHB e-library.
- Texas A&M University (TAMU) and Internet2 have created a Internet2 Technology Evaluation Center (ITEC) focused on Voice over IP.>
- OnDo's Brekeke a commercial VoIP PBX and SIP server; with an emphasis on its web interface
- Digium the primary developer and sponsor of Asterisk™ is an open source linux based PBX
- minisip - a SIP client with SRTP + MIKEY, developed by students from the course; see also the related eavesdropping tool "EVE"
- VoIPong - utility which detects all Voice Over IP calls on a pipeline
- SJ Labs SJphone - a SIP/H.323 softphone
- iptel.org's list of softphones
- sipXphone
- SIP express router
- SIP Express Media Server (SEMS)
- VOMIT - voice over misconfigured internet telephones - given a tcpdump of a voice call creates a .wav file.
- INRIA Phoenix list of SIP programs, testing, ...
- VoIP Security Workshop, June 1-2, 2005, Washington DC
- US National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST), "Security Considerations for Voice Over IP Systems", January 2005
- (U.S.) National Emergency Number Association (NENA), "NENA IP Capable PSAP Features And Capabilities Standard", Document 58-001, Arlington, VA, February 1, 2005.
- (U.S.) National Emergency Number Association (NENA) Migration Working Group of the Network Technical Committee, "NENA Technical Information Document on the Network Interface to IP Capable PSAP", NENA-08-501, June, 2004
- AudioCodes VoIP, especially voice compression technology
- "Connexion by Boeing" - be on-line even from aircraft
- VoP Security Forum has a tool: SiVuS - The VoIP Vulnerability Scanner
- Blue Box Podcast #22: SIP Security at IETF (part 1), VoIP security news, comments and more, April 7, 2006
- University of Naples, in cooperation with Ericsson Nomadic Lab in Helsinki, have released a first implementation of an XCON-compliant conferencing platform. The server side is based on Asterisk and a modified version of its MeetMe application, while the client side is based on Minisip. The system uses the Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP). The project is called CONFIANCE (CONFerencing IMS-enabled Architecture for Next-generation Communication Experience).
For additional details about the proctocols see the IETF Centralized Conferencing (XCON) working group. - Alberto Escudero Pascual and Louise Berthilson, "VoIP-4D Primer- Building Voice Infrastructure in Developing Regions, Translators: Anas Tawileh (Arabic), Johan Bilien (French). Available in English, Arabic, French, and Spanish.
- SIP debugging and testing
- Sipp (sipp.sourceforge.net) - conformance testing tool
- SIP Swiss Army Knife (SIP SAK) - a useful command line tool for SIP development and administration
- Michael Vorländer, "Auralization of spaces", Physics Today, Volume 62 (6), June 2009, pp. 35-40.
- For some figures on power consumption of IP phones see Green-VoIP with snom, based on the study: "Leistungsmessung von IP-Phones", FH Frankfurt am Main - University of Applied Sciences, Forschungsgruppe für Telekommunikationsnetzte, Dezember 2008
- J. Rosenberg, "A Hitchhikers' Guide to SIP", IETF, Network Working Group, RFC 5411, January 2009
- H. Sinnreich (Ed.), A. Johnston, E. Shim, and K. Singh, " Simple SIP Usage Scenario for Applications in the Endpoints", IETF, Network Working Group, Request for Comments: 5638, September 2009
- Shanbo Li's masters thesis ( mirror) "Web Call Application" (August 2009) illustrates how SIP can be used to instantiate calls between parties by using a web server. It provides a good example of how third party call control can be used.
- Adeel Ahmed, Habib Madani, and Talal Siddiqui. VoIP performance management and optimization:A KPI-based approach to managing and optimizing VoIP networks. Indianapolis, IN: Cisco Press, 2011, 448 pages, ISBN-13: 978-1-58705-528-7.
- Converting a PCAP file to LaTeX can be done with pcap2tex
- minisip with Ubuntu 11.10:
- sudo apt-get update
- sudo apt-get install build-essential
- sudo apt-get install libglademm-2.4-dev
- sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
- As per http://lists.minisip.org/pipermail/minisip-users/2007-February/001297.html
echo /usr/local/share/aclocal >> /usr/share/aclocal/dirlist - Then build as per the instructions at http://www.minisip.org/develop_build.html http://www.minisip.org/develop_build.html
- I built the files under /home/maguire/trunk, thus I added:
to the file /etc/ld.so.conf.d/i386-linux-gnu_GL.conf - I also defined LD_LIBRARY_PATH to include /usr/local/lib in addition to /usr/lib and /lib
Previous versions of the course (both as IK2554 and the earlier 2G1325)
Page History
2011.09.23 added notes about building minisip under Ubunto 11.10 2011.09.16 added video recordings for 2011 2011.08.24 added lecture notes for 2011 2011.08.17 added requirement to support Zotero RDF or BibTeX file of references cited in report 2011.04.20 first version of web page for 2011
© Copyright 2011 G.Q.Maguire Jr. (email@example.com)
All Rights Reserved.
Mon Nov 14 16:22:01 CET 2011


text:
Purpose of the Funds:
The purpose of these funds is to assist communities in local efforts designed to enhance or respond to a variety of juvenile justice and delinquency issues. The fund is managed by the Governor-appointed Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJDP) Council, which establishes funding priorities. The monies are used for program development, policy design, research, and other activities.
Eligibility & Requirements:
Applicants include units of local government (including law enforcement, district attorneys, and judicial districts), state agencies, and non-profit/local private community-based agencies.*
*Non-profit/local private agency applicants must provide documentation that the program being proposed was denied full funding or was given partial funding by a unit of local government, prior to the submission of this application.
Solicitation Schedule:
Check the OAJJA web site periodically for information regarding the release of a Competitive Announcement of Available Funds.
Please note: The JJDP Council and DCJ will not accept unsolicited proposals unless they meet the criteria for a request for emergency funding or request for Council sponsorship of conferences/trainings. An unsolicited proposal is one that has not been requested through the solicitation process used by the JJDP Council and/or is not related to the yearly priorities set by the Council in their annual planning process.
Emergency Funding
Funding may be made available to grant applicants under circumstances in which current funding of existing programs is discontinued or reduced through no fault of the applicant. Projects terminated mid-cycle by their current funding source for issues related to failure to perform are not eligible for emergency funding. Emergency funding will not be restricted by any uniform time constraints, but a time-limited grant will be considered by the Council on a case-by-case basis. The project under consideration must match the Council's current funding priorities and reflect an emergency that the applicant cannot control. Priority consideration will be given when the lack of funding will result in youth being served in a more restrictive or costly environment.
Requirements for Consideration:
- Unallocated funds are available
- The emergency was beyond the control of the agency
- The funding request is reasonable and the submitted budget reflects prudent planning
- The requested funding is for the purpose of continuing a vital community service or activity directed at juveniles involved in or at high risk of involvement in the juvenile justice system
- The requesting entity has articulated a clear plan to obtain funding for continuation after emergency/bridge funding ends
- The budget (including requested funds) is adequate to meet stated objectives
Submission Process:
- A letter addressing the above criteria, including the budget, must be sent to the Office of Adult and Juvenile Justice Assistance (OAJJA), Division of Criminal Justice, 700 Kipling, Ste. 100, Denver, CO 80215, emailed to email@example.com, or faxed to 303-239-4491 ATTN: OAJJA.
- OAJJA staff will review all unsolicited requests against these criteria to determine whether the request will be presented to the full JJDP Council for consideration.
Sponsorship of Conferences & Trainings
Funding may be available outside of the regular submission process for conferences and trainings sponsored by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Council. If you have an upcoming training or conference that you feel may be eligible for sponsorship, please read the requirements below and submit your request at least 60 days prior to the event.
Requirements for Consideration:
- Funds are available
- The training/conference focuses on,youth in or at risk of involvement in the juvenile justice system
- The training/conference will show capacity-building of Juvenile Justice Professionals, community-based youth-service workers, and/or youth involved in or at risk of involvement in the juvenile justice system
- The training/conference has direct juvenile justice system improvement impact or relates to the Council's priorities
- Requestor must provide the full budget necessary for the conference showing all supporting resources and explain the gap in funding that the request will fill
- Request for sponsorship must be submitted at least 60 days in advance of the event
- Requestor must acknowledge the support of the JJDP Council, the support of the Division of Criminal Justice, and must cite the federal fund source in printed conference material
Submission Process:
A written request describing the event and responding to the above criteria must be submitted by mail or e-mail to DCJ for presentation to the Council Executive Committee for approval.
"Guidelines At a Glance"
A downloadable overview of the Colorado Guidelines for Effective Female-Specific Programming for Delinquent and At-Risk Girls
National Standards of Care for Status Offenders
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Coalition for Juvenile Justice (CJJ)
OJJDP Model Programs Guide Performance Measures
Staff Contact Information
Kelly Abbott
Colorado Division of Criminal Justice, OAJJA
700 Kipling St. Denver, CO 80215
Direct: 303-239-5717
Toll Free: 800-201-1325
Fax: 303.239.4491
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Let's face it, not many of us enjoy doing chores. However, chores need to be done so that your home is clean and tidy once more.
If you tend to spend a lot of time on chores, chances are that you wish you could cut that time in half. This article can help you to save time on chores so that you can get on with doing the things you enjoy.
Set a Timer
A great way to save time is by setting a timer. Give yourself 15 minutes to do some cleaning. Spending this amount of time every day to tidy and clean your home can help to make your life easier. You might still need to spend half a day doing chores one day a week. However, 15 minutes of cleaning and tidying can make chore-day easier.
Assign Chores
If you live with other people, why not assign them some chores? Every member of the household can have a job to do each week. When other people have responsibilities it means you have less to do.
If you don't have any help from people you live with, why not consider using a local cleaning company to help you?
Prioritize Chores
Make a list of the most important chores. These chores should be done before everything else. If you are short on time, doing the most important chores can make your life easier. The chores that you don't do when you're short on time become a priority next time.
Dust and Polish First
One of the best things you can do is to dust and polish first. Working this way will mean you won't need to dust and polish again because the dust would not have settled. Once you're done it's time to vacuum up all that dust.
Stay Organized
Did you know that staying organized can make doing chores so much easier? When you're organized you have a place for everything. As long as you put things away when you're done with them, you should find that cleaning up is so much easier.
You don't need to organize your whole home in one day. Just do one room at a time. Store things away and be sure to tidy up after yourself. This way, cleaning will be a breeze.
Clean as you go
Cleaning as you go is an excellent way for you to cut down on the amount of time you spend cleaning. Empty the trash can when it's full. Clean up after yourself when you've made dinner. Doing these little jobs can save you a lot of time when it comes to cleaning your whole house. After a while, you'll get used to cleaning as you go, which means chore-day will be so much easier.
Use the above tips to help you save time on chores. Cleaning and tidying your home does not have to be a huge task. With a bit of organization, you too can have more time for doing the things you enjoy.


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text:
In this tutorial, you will learn to import the JavaScript in Blade Templates the right way in Laravel.
If you have a @section block in your blade PHP file then you will need to make sure that nothing is outside the @section. As anything outside of the @section block will not be rendered.
If you want to properly import the JavaScript into your blades templates then you will have to add the @stack('head') line where you want your styles/javascript to appear. This can usually be found in the  section of HTML.
How To Import JavaScript into Blade Templates
Let us see in the below code that you can use to make sure that JavaScript is imported properly into the blade templates. This code you may need to add in the blade PHP file will push the content into the stack.

Laravel
 Hello, @{{ name }}.
When using this example, Blade will remove the @ symbol; however, the name expression will be left unaffected by the Blade engine, allowing it to be rendered by your JavaScript framework instead.
Wrap Up
I hope you understood how to add the javascript in Laravel properly. I have listed one method plus code example that you can use to resolve your issue.
Let me know in the comment section if you have any other method than the one discussed above I will be happy to add it here.
Further Read:


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WASHINGTON - The U.S. Department of Commerce has declared certain types of hardwood plywood from China - those that are packaged as kitchen cabinets - belong to a group of products being sold at unfairly low prices in the U.S., and that those products would be subject to anti-dumping and countervailing duties.
The Department's final scope specifically states that Chinese hardwood plywood used in kitchen cabinets would be subject to antidumping duties unless it is packaged for sale to a consumer end-user of the cabinet - with all components necessary to assemble the cabinet in a single, discreet package.
If that exclusion isn't fully met, importers will owe 200 percent duties on these products going forward.
In February, four U.S. producers of hardwood plywood - Columbia Forest Products, Commonwealth Plywood Inc., States Industries, Inc., and Timber Products Co., - filed a petition with Commerce, asking the agency to find that hardwood plywood products with face and back veneers made of softwood species suitable for decorative uses are circumventing the recently issued antidumping and countervailing duty orders on hardwood plywood products from China. All four of the companies are members of the Coalition for Fair Trade of Hardwood Plywood.
The orders on hardwood plywood products from China were issued on January 4, 2018 following affirmative findings of dumping and subsidization by the Department of Commerce and a unanimous finding by the U.S. International Trade Commission that the domestic industry is materially injured by unfairly traded Chinese imports. The final antidumping margin is 183.36 percent for all Chinese companies and the final countervailing subsidy rates range from 22.98 to 194.90 percent.
"Before the orders were issued, Chinese producers began to preemptively circumvent the anticipated orders by taking merchandise fully covered by the scope and making minor alterations in an attempt to remove products from the coverage of the scope to avoid duties," said Tim Brightbill of Wiley Rein, the law firm representing the Coalition. "Such blatant attempts to evade the orders are depriving the domestic industry of the full extent of the trade relief it deserves."
Commerce also confirmed that hardwood plywood that has had minor processing remains subject merchandise. Minor processing may include plywood that has been cut-to-size, painted, laminated, stained, finished with ultra-violet light, grooved, covered in paper, and/or edgebanded. Hardwood plywood is subject to the orders on from China regardless of the country in which the minor processing takes place, said Brightbill in a statement.
To meet the RTA exclusion, it must be shipped with all the materials specified in the exclusion and must be packaged in a manner suitable for purchase by an end-use consumer in a single package.


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Full Moon in Sagittarius Lunar Eclipse
When the moon is full, it's most powerful. But when the moon is at its fullest, and in Sagittarius, it may feel more powerful than usual! The Full Moon Lunar Eclipse on May 26th will be a rare event that few people have experienced before. This eclipse will not only bring about an incredible celestial show but also offer some insight into what you need to do to make your goals a reality.
During a Full Moon, you can feel the intensity of your emotions and desires. They may be heightened to a point that feels hard to control. This is because the moon reflects back what's going on in our lives at any given moment. The May 26th full moon will give us an opportunity for deep introspection and reflection, as well as an increase in energy.
When this energy is harnessed, it could lead to greater success and happiness. When ignored or blocked out (by not facing your inner turmoil) it can cause increased anxiety or depression instead! So make sure you take some time during this period to look within so you don't miss out on all the benefits from such a powerful lunar event!
This super moon is powerful and brings with it a time for a change, transformation, improvement, expansion and the raising of our vibration. The world is going through some growing pains but if we stay focused on the positive our rewards will be plentiful.
It's now time to come together in cooperation and collaboration with complete and total understanding. It's time to share our dreams and what inspires us to grow and expand. Take time to evaluate what you want to let go of as we move through the full moon. Create a ritual for yourself to release what is no longer serving you and bring forth what you would like to manifest in the next month and beyond.
Some rituals you can do are as follows:
– write down what you want to release on a sheet of paper and burn it or throw it in the water
– take time for yourself and do something that brings you joy. This can be as simple as reading your favourite book, calling up an old friend, painting a picture, etc.
– meditate with crystals under the full moonlight (these are some stones that may help energetically during this lunar eclipse). Try using amethyst, quartz shungite, black tourmaline labradorite, red jasper, sodalite, citrine smoky quartz
-take a moon bath by lighting candles, bathing under full moons light and soaking whilst listening to your favourite music (moon baths are said to have healing properties and I love to add magnesium salts)
-you could also try grounding yourself. This can be done through meditation, yoga, stretching and breathwork. The idea is that when we feel balanced we manifest more easily into balance in our lives too!
I invite you to join us for an online full moon meditation. We'll be hosting a live, guided session on May 26 2021 at 5 pm PST/8 pm EST. With the intention of creating positive change in our lives and the world around us. In this free event, we will use a full moon release technique. Universal spiritual principles to help guide your journey through life's transitions. To sign up click here!


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Puppy Training – Ch 2 of 4
Puppy Obedience Training | Do you have a new puppy that needs controlling, learn more about TorontoK9Center's Obedience Dog Training for puppies or adult dogs! Sign up for Puppy Training or Adult Dog Training today. Get dog training in Toronto, Contact Toronto K9 Center for a Free Consultation.
This video Chapter 2 of a 4 part series, is brought to you by "The Dogs Book" channel on YouTube, with Dan the dog trainer. This video shows how Dan starts to train a tiny 9 week old puppy to learn new behaviors and how to start your puppy to use a leash.


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Punctuations in writing are like notes in music. They provide rhythm and emphasis to your sentences. But that's only possible if you use them correctly!
Get to know the 26 types of punctuation marks, their usage and some examples with this handy guide. I also provided a chart of the symbols and their punctuation names to give you a cheat sheet!
Punctuation and Typographical Marks Chart
Below is a list of 26 fundamental punctuation and typographical marks. You probably know some of these symbols already. But others are rarely found in formal and informal writing.
Symbols | Punctuation Names | Examples |
. | Period | I got this pouch embossed. |
? | Question mark | How many toy trains does he have? |
! | Exclamation point | Wow! You're a good driver. |
, | Comma | I like the film, but the color grading is poor. |
: | Colon | Here are some fun ideas for the party: dance-off, board games, scavenger hunt. |
; | Semicolon | I'll visit you once I finish work; that's a promise. |
– | Hyphen | I have ninety-nine problems, but chicken tenders can solve all of them. |
– | En dash | How long is a Tokyo–LA flight? |
— | Em dash | The cat—and I'm afraid of four-legged animals—was so adorable. |
( ) | Parentheses | His favorite team (Los Angeles Clippers) has a chance to win the title. |
[ ] | Square brackets | The staff writer said the "[head] of basketball operations was disappointed." |
{ } | Curly brackets | The colors {red, green, lilac, red} are for the accent wall. |
< > | Angle brackets | |
" " | Quotation marks | Dylan called it a "splendid affair." |
' | Apostrophe | Some of Jerry's gadgets are missing. |
/ | Slash or Virgule | I'm getting a lipstick/phone case/necklace for her birthday. |
… | Ellipses | According to the staff writer, the "president… was disappointed." |
* | Asterisk | *Data from The Journal of Acting Ethics. |
& | Ampersand | Tiffany & Co. |
Bullet point | Onion Garlic Ginger | |
# | Pound symbol | 1 Bestselling. |
~ | Tilde | I think Jessy owns ~10 pairs of shoes. |
\ | Backslash | |
@ | At symbol | [email protected] |
^ | Caret symbol | 3^3 = 27 |
| | Pipe symbol |
Typographical Marks
Typographical marks, also known as typographical symbols, are often confused with punctuation marks. They are defined as characters or symbols, such as the asterisk (*), caret (^) or the "at" symbol (@).
Although they can be used in writing for various purposes, they are always avoided in formal documents and should only be used in specific situations, such as when creating footnotes or shorthand notes. You will commonly see the most popular typographical symbols in punctuation mark lists to highlight their usefulness when used correctly.
Typographical marks are also used in mathematics, physics, and computer programming.
Types of Punctuation Marks
Let's touch on the most common types of punctuation marks and how to use them.
1. Period (.)
The period is one of the most common punctuation marks. Anyone knows the answer to "what is a period used for?" because it's simply for ending declarative sentences. You can also use it to finish imperative sentences.
A period also indicates complete sentences. Using it to separate sentences helps make your writing clearer. Here are some examples:
- Please take care of the shoes I'm lending you.
- She's going to the gym tomorrow.
- Monte Carlo is my comfort movie every time I feel lonely.
You'll also find a period in abbreviations, as in "Mrs." and "Mr."
2. Question Mark (?)
In grammar, a question mark is a familiar punctuation mark used to end interrogative sentences. It's known for being a one-job punctuation mark because it simply communicates questions. These sentences can be in the form of a direct question or an indirect question.
A direct question is an interrogative sentence that asks an "ordinary" question. For example:
- How does it feel to be living my dream?
- What are the parts of a plant cell?
- Why do I have to retake this subject?
An indirect question is a more polite way of making a request or asking for information. For example:
- Could you give me your mobile number for future transactions?
- Do you know where I can find Mr. Johnson?
- Would you mind grabbing a few vegetables before you go home?
3. Exclamation Point (!)
One of the most basic punctuation marks is the exclamation point. The punctuation symbol for this is a straight vertical line with a period at the bottom. Use it at the end of an exclamatory sentence to show strong emotion.
- Happy birthday, Emma!
- Ugh! I can't stop myself from spending money on books.
- Wow! The sunset is breathtaking.
4. Comma (,)
One common cause of grammar mistakes in American English is the lack of commas. Use the comma to separate ideas and independent clauses. It's usually found before a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
We recommend Grammarly to help correct grammar mistakes. Take a look at our other recommended grammar tools here.
You can also use the comma to set off nouns as direct addresses. You need to include this punctuation mark, whether the name is at the beginning or end of the sentence.
- Millie, you look stunning in your beaded dress.
- This house used to be orange and blue, but they changed it to lilac and yellow.
- The partner I have chosen is you, Jacob.
5. Colon (:)
A colon is used to introduce additional information. It can also connect clauses like an em dash and a comma. You'll find this punctuation mark in any kind of writing. For example:
- Meg has three options after college: apply as an instructional designer, learning engineer or curriculum specialist.
- Somehow, everyone forgot the important announcement: Jade and Ryan are getting married.
Colons also have other uses on a regular basis:
- I started working at 8:30 p.m.
- The correct rice-to-water ratio is 1:2.
6. Semicolon (;)
Like commas, parentheses and em dashes, a semicolon's function is separating elements within sentences. Use it to join a clause and a larger clause without a conjunction.
- Let's go to the library to finish the essay; Tuesday would be great.
7. Hyphen (-)
In the English language, a hyphen is used to form compound words. Another usage of the hyphen is to divide a word where there's not enough space for the whole word. You can also use it to avoid the awkward doubling of vowels in a compound term.
- The president-elect withdrew his candidacy after being exposed for plunder.
- The correct spelling of goodbye is g-o-o-d-b-y-e.
- My mother has a well-stocked pantry.
8. En Dash (–)
The en dash is one of the different types of dashes that shows range in time periods, distance and more.
- Incorrect: Chicago-New York train (hyphen)
- Correct: Chicago–New York train (en dash)
Some people also use it to separate complex compound words. The symbol is longer than a hyphen but shorter than an em dash. The odd name comes from the simple fact that it has the same width as the lowercase letter n.
- Please refer to pages 60–73.
- She's a National Book Award–winning author.
One of the most common punctuation mistakes we make is getting confused between a hyphen and a dash. Note that an en-dash doesn't join compound words the way hyphens do.
9. Em Dash (—)
An em dash functions like a comma, colon or parenthesis in introducing a clause. It can separate independent clauses from subordinate clauses to help a writer expand on an idea.
Some people consider the em dash as more suitable for informal writing. But you'll find this double hyphen in different types, even in the most formal writing.
- The operating hours—9 a.m. to 9 p.m.—are the best choice for this business and its customers.
10. Parentheses ()
In English grammar, parentheses are used to add information to a sentence. Such a piece of information may not fit in, hence the use of this punctuation makes the sentence clearer. For example:
- The family's arrival (which I only learned about now) was shocking.
- I swear I saw a ghost (Do you believe in them?) during our stay at the old house.
11. Square Brackets []
Square brackets are rarely found in any piece of writing. But you use them to clarify information within quotes. In short, it's like parentheses for direct quotations to make the quote clearer. For example:
- According to the author, "grammar resources [should be] widely accessible to language learners."
12. Curly Brackets {}
Curly brackets, braces or squiggly brackets are used to group a set. They're commonly found in mathematical sets.
- I already have some venue options {Pier Sixty, Tribeca Rooftop, The Foundry} for the wedding.
13. Angle Brackets <>
Whatever the goal of writing is, you're unlikely to use angle brackets. This punctuation mark has more usage in other fields like computing or math.
14. Quotation Marks (" ")
Quotation marks or inverted commas are used to make direct quotations or repetitions of someone's exact words or famous quotes.
The two types of quotation marks are single quotes (` ') and the more common double quotation marks (" "). Single quotation marks are used to enclose a quote within a quote, while double quotation marks are used to indicate a direct quote.
Punctuation styles differ between British English and American English. In American English, periods and commas are placed inside the quotations, even if they're not in the original material, while British English places them outside quotations.
Here are some examples of sentences:
- "The teacher told me, 'You are one of my best students,'" I said to my mother.
- Thomas Edison once said, "Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent inspiration."
15. Apostrophe (')
There is a wide variety of apostrophe rules you need to follow. First, you need to use an apostrophe in contractions. A contraction is when two words are shortened by omitting some letters to form one word. For example:
- Do not – don't.
- I am – I'm.
- She will – she'll.
Another function is to show the possessive form of a noun.
- That bag is Cornelia's.
- Will's dedication is impressive.
You can also use it to form the plurals of letters and numbers.
- Three A's.
- Ten 12's.
You'll also find the apostrophe in foreign languages. French uses it in articles when a vowel has been dropped.
A common misuse of the apostrophe is placing it before an S to make nouns plural. Here's an example:
- Incorrect: I ate bacon's for breakfast.
16. Slash (/)
Knowing how to use the slash will improve your knowledge of grammar. Use this punctuation mark to show relationships, alternatives and fractions. You can also use it to substitute "per" in measurement.
- The home economics instructor started the class with the house/home discussion.
- Bring a notebook/notepad so you can jot down your ideas.
- ½ of the crowd went home after the band's performance.
- The speed limit is 80 miles/hour.
17. Ellipses (…)
The ellipses are a writing tool used for indicating words removed from a quote. It shows sentence endings while letting the reader know it's incomplete.
- "I can't believe it," she whispered, her voice trembling with disbelief and excitement. "This is truly a dream come true…"
18. Asterisk (*)
The asterisk is a symbol that looks like a star. It's used to show a footnote in formal writing, primarily scientific and academic writing.
- 25% of the respondents prefer lavender over mint.
*According to survey data from the Essential Oils Center.
19. Ampersand (&)
The ampersand replaces the word "and," but it is not encouraged by different style guides. Use it within specific formal references like official names.
- His fiancé gave her a Tiffany & Co ring as a birthday gift.
- The law firm that Justine sought help from is Miller & Associates.
- They gave a short performance at the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.
20. Bullet Point (•)
The bullet point is used for creating lists. Example:
For this project, you will need:
- Fabric of your choice.
- Peltex.
- Fusible fleece.
- Washable ink marker.
- Coordinating thread.
- Sewing needle.
21. Pound Symbol (#)
The pound sign is the punctuation mark for marking the number of something. It's also now used for hashtags online.
Not to be confused with the pound symbol for the British currency. The letter represented the libra pondo, the unit of measurement for weight in the Roman Empire.
- Candace is a #1 Internationally Bestselling Author.
- The hashtags #writing and #publishing are trending.
22. Tilde (~)
One of the many punctuations you won't always see is the tilde. Previously known as the twiddle or squiggly, this character's informal usage means "about" or "approximately." It also functions as an accent mark in Portuguese and Spanish words.
- They plan to visit São Paulo this summer, but the crowd is giving them second thoughts.
- I think Jane and I met ~3 years ago.
23. Backslash (\)
Your knowledge of punctuation will enhance once you know what a backslash is for. You won't find it in letter writing, business writing and other forms of writing. This punctuation mark is used for programming or coding, so don't mix it with the forward slash.
24. At Symbol (@)
The "at" symbol is a substitute for the word, but only for informal writing. Its only purpose in informal writing is when you're writing email addresses.
- C u @ the mall.
- My email address is [email protected].edu.
25. Caret Symbol (^)
The caret symbol may indicate an exponent if you can't use the superscript function on the computer. You can also use it in proofreading.
- 2^2 is 4, and 2^3 is 8.
26. Pipe Symbol (|)
The pipe symbol has no place in any type of writing. Its function lies in the disciplines of computing, physics and math.
Punctuation Adds Clarity to Your Sentences
There you have it! I hope this guide to punctuation marks and the chart and examples helped you recognize their functions.
Using different pieces of punctuation can alter the message behind your writing. So, remember the punctuation names, and use the symbols correctly to make your writing more coherent and precise!


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Sunday, June 17th, 2018
"The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handiwork."
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Click here to play the lesson audio as you read:
Also available on YouTube or SoundCloud
1. O come, let us sing unto the Lord: let us make a joyful noise to the rock of our salvation.
2. Let us come before his presence with thanksgiving, and make a joyful noise unto him with psalms.
3. For the Lord is a great God, and a great King above all gods.
4. In his hand are the deep places of the earth: the strength of the hills is his also.
5. The sea is his, and he made it: and his hands formed the dry land.
6. O come, let us worship and bow down: let us kneel before the Lord our maker.
Lesson Sermon
11 Thine, O Lord, is the greatness, and the power, and the glory, and the victory, and the majesty: for all that is in the heaven and in the earth is thine; thine is the kingdom, O Lord, and thou art exalted as head above all.
12 Both riches and honour come of thee, and thou reignest over all; and in thine hand is power and might; and in thine hand it is to make great, and to give strength unto all.
13 Now therefore, our God, we thank thee, and praise thy glorious name.
1 Then sang Moses and the children of Israel this song unto the Lord, and spake, saying, I will sing unto the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously: the horse and his rider hath he thrown into the sea.
9 The enemy said, I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the spoil; my lust shall be satisfied upon them; I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy them.
10 Thou didst blow with thy wind, the sea covered them: they sank as lead in the mighty waters.
11 Who is like unto thee, O Lord, among the gods? who is like thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders?
12 Thou stretchedst out thy right hand, the earth swallowed them.
13 Thou in thy mercy hast led forth the people which thou hast redeemed: thou hast guided them in thy strength unto thy holy habitation.
11 I will remember the works of the Lord: surely I will remember thy wonders of old.
19 Thy way is in the sea, and thy path in the great waters, and thy footsteps are not known.
20 Thou leddest thy people like a flock by the hand of Moses and Aaron.
1 Then the Lord answered Job out of the whirlwind, and said,
4 Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? declare, if thou hast understanding.
5 Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest? or who hath stretched the line upon it?
6 Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof;
7 When the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy?
8 Or who shut up the sea with doors, when it brake forth, as if it had issued out of the womb?
11 And said, Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further: and here shall thy proud waves be stayed?
40 …when Jesus was returned, the people gladly received him:
28 …he took Peter and John and James, and went up into a mountain to pray.
29 And as he prayed, the fashion of his countenance was altered, and his raiment was white and glistering.
30 And, behold, there talked with him two men, which were Moses and Elias:
33 And it came to pass, as they departed from him,
34 …there came a cloud, and overshadowed them: and they feared as they entered into the cloud.
35 And there came a voice out of the cloud, saying, This is my beloved Son: hear him.
37 …on the next day, when they were come down from the hill, much people met him.
38 And, behold, a man of the company cried out, saying, Master, I beseech thee, look upon my son: for he is mine only child.
39 And, lo, a spirit taketh him, and he suddenly crieth out; and it teareth him that he foameth again, and bruising him hardly departeth from him.
40 And I besought thy disciples to cast him out; and they could not.
41 And Jesus answering said, … Bring thy son hither.
42 And as he was yet a coming, the devil threw him down, and tare him. And Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit, and healed the child, and delivered him again to his father.
1 Then spake Jesus to the multitude, and to his disciples,
2 Saying,
9 …call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your Father, which is in heaven.
8 Philip saith unto him, Lord, shew us the Father, and it sufficeth us.
9 Jesus saith unto him, Have I been so long time with you, and yet hast thou not known me, Philip? he that hath seen me hath seen the Father; and how sayest thou then, Shew us the Father?
10 Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? the words that I speak unto you I speak not of myself: but the Father that dwelleth in me, he doeth the works.
11 Believe me that I am in the Father, and the Father in me: or else believe me for the very works' sake.
12 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also; and greater works than these shall he do; because I go unto my Father.
1 The earth is the Lord's, and the fulness thereof; the world, and they that dwell therein.
2 For he hath founded it upon the seas, and established it upon the floods.
3 Who shall ascend into the hill of the Lord? or who shall stand in his holy place?
4 He that hath clean hands, and a pure heart; who hath not lifted up his soul unto vanity, nor sworn deceitfully.
5 He shall receive the blessing from the Lord, and righteousness from the God of his salvation.
The creative Principle — Life, Truth, and Love — is God. The universe reflects God. There is but one creator and one creation. This creation consists of the unfolding of spiritual ideas and their identities, which are embraced in the infinite Mind and forever reflected. These ideas range from the infinitesimal to infinity, and the highest ideas are the sons and daughters of God.
The universe of Spirit reflects the creative power of the divine Principle, or Life, which reproduces the multitudinous forms of Mind and governs the multiplication of the compound idea man. The tree and herb do not yield fruit because of any propagating power of their own, but because they reflect the Mind which includes all.
Creation is ever appearing, and must ever continue to appear from the nature of its inexhaustible source. Mortal sense inverts this appearing and calls ideas material. Thus misinterpreted, the divine idea seems to fall to the level of a human or material belief, called mortal man. But the seed is in itself, only as the divine Mind is All and reproduces all — as Mind is the multiplier, and Mind's infinite idea, man and the universe, is the product. The only intelligence or substance of a thought, a seed, or a flower is God, the creator of it.
Mind creates His own likeness in ideas, and the substance of an idea is very far from being the supposed substance of non-intelligent matter. Hence the Father Mind is not the father of matter.
The material senses and human conceptions would translate spiritual ideas into material beliefs, and would say that an anthropomorphic God, instead of infinite Principle, — in other words, divine Love, — is the father of the rain, "who hath begotten the drops of dew," who bringeth "forth Mazzaroth in his season," and guideth "Arcturus with his sons."
The true theory of the universe, including man, is not in material history but in spiritual development. Inspired thought relinquishes a material, sensual, and mortal theory of the universe, and adopts the spiritual and immortal.
The universe, like man, is to be interpreted by Science from its divine Principle, God, and then it can be understood; but when explained on the basis of physical sense and represented as subject to growth, maturity, and decay, the universe, like man, is, and must continue to be, an enigma.
Adhesion, cohesion, and attraction are properties of Mind. They belong to divine Principle, and support the equipoise of that thought-force, which launched the earth in its orbit and said to the proud wave, "Thus far and no farther."
Spirit is the life, substance, and continuity of all things. We tread on forces. Withdraw them, and creation must collapse. Human knowledge calls them forces of matter; but divine Science declares that they belong wholly to divine Mind, are inherent in this Mind, and so restores them to their rightful home and classification.
So-called mineral, vegetable, and animal substances are no more contingent now on time or material structure than they were when "the morning stars sang together." Mind made the "plant of the field before it was in the earth." The periods of spiritual ascension are the days and seasons of Mind's creation, in which beauty, sublimity, purity, and holiness — yea, the divine nature — appear in man and the universe never to disappear.
Nature voices natural, spiritual law and divine Love, but human belief misinterprets nature. Arctic regions, sunny tropics, giant hills, winged winds, mighty billows, verdant vales, festive flowers, and glorious heavens, — all point to Mind, the spiritual intelligence they reflect. The floral apostles are hieroglyphs of Deity. Suns and planets teach grand lessons. The stars make night beautiful, and the leaflet turns naturally towards the light.
Christian Science presents unfoldment, not accretion; it manifests no material growth from molecule to mind, but an impartation of the divine Mind to man and the universe.
The scientific fact that man and the universe are evolved from Spirit, and so are spiritual, is as fixed in divine Science as is the proof that mortals gain the sense of health only as they lose the sense of sin and disease. Mortals can never understand God's creation while believing that man is a creator. God's children already created will be cognized only as man finds the truth of being. Thus it is that the real, ideal man appears in proportion as the false and material disappears.
…Science reveals infinity and the fatherhood and motherhood of Love.
Jesus acknowledged no ties of the flesh. He said: "Call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your Father, which is in heaven." Again he asked: "Who is my mother, and who are my brethren," implying that it is they who do the will of his Father. We have no record of his calling any man by the name of father. He recognized Spirit, God, as the only creator, and therefore as the Father of all.
The finite must yield to the infinite. Advancing to a higher plane of action, thought rises from the material sense to the spiritual, from the scholastic to the inspirational, and from the mortal to the immortal. All things are created spiritually. Mind, not matter, is the creator. Love, the divine Principle, is the Father and Mother of the universe, including man.
Spiritually to understand that there is but one creator, God, unfolds all creation, confirms the Scriptures, brings the sweet assurance of no parting, no pain, and of man deathless and perfect and eternal.
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