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Pahd ransomware - Virus Decryption
Pahd virus Removal Guide
What is Pahd ransomware?
Pahd ransomware: a threat for your personal files
The ransomware is a threat that aims to get money by locking files and asking the payment transfer.
Pahd ransomware is a very dangerous file-locking parasite that can attack anyone's device. After gaining access to a targeted Windows computer, it encrypts all personal files and demands a ransom in exchange for a decryption key/software. It's mostly distributed through software cracks[1] downloaded from file-sharing platforms, so you should stay away from these dangerous executables in the future.
When one of such malicious files is downloaded and executed, it immediately starts the system file modification and the encryption process. All personal files are locked within five minutes and are appended with a .pahd extension. Although their contents aren't modified, they're inaccessible until a necessary decryption software or key is used.
When a ransom note (_readme.txt) is generated and placed on the desktop so that the victim would find it with ease, the encryption is over. Now the main thing is not to panic, as that won't get you anywhere. What's done is done. Now what really matters is how you respond to this incident.
Remain calm and rest assured that you can easily remove the virus and regain your data. You can trust us, as we've been helping victims of various cyberattacks remove the infections and restore the overall health of their devices for almost two decades.
The message within the ransom note states:
Don't worry, you can return all your files!
All your files like pictures, databases, documents and other important are encrypted with strongest encryption and unique key.
The only method of recovering files is to purchase decrypt tool and unique key for you.
This software will decrypt all your encrypted files.
What guarantees you have?
You can send one of your encrypted file from your PC and we decrypt it for free.
But we can decrypt only 1 file for free. File must not contain valuable information.
You can get and look video overview decrypt tool:
Price of private key and decrypt software is $980.
Discount 50% available if you contact us first 72 hours, that's price for you is $490.
Please note that you'll never restore your data without payment.
Check your e-mail "Spam" or "Junk" folder if you don't get answer more than 6 hours.To get this software you need write on our e-mail:
email@example.com e-mail address to contact us:
email@example.com personal ID:
As you could see, the cybercriminals behind the Pahd virus are bending over backward to persuade their victims into paying the ransom. First, they state that there's no other way to decrypt the encrypted data without their intervention. That's just not true.
Since this file virus belongs to the infamous Djvu ransomware family, companies have dedicated their time and money to help people get away from this uncomfortable predicament without paying a dime. One of those companies is Emisoft, and we're going to explain how to use its free decryption software a bit later.
The second persuasion technique involves the victim sending one Pahd file (encrypted) to the criminals for free decryption. The third one is a link to a video where the supposed tool can be seen in action. Both of these techniques are meant to convince you that the necessary tool actually exists.
The infection focuses on locking the common files on the system.
The fourth one is the 50% discount offer. This should push you to make up your mind real quick, as the discount is available only for victims who contact their assailants within 72 hours. This forces the victims into making rash decisions and contacting the criminals via the two given emails (email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com).
Despite the ransom amount being relatively low with ($490) or without the discount ($980), we do not recommend reaching out to the criminals and paying the requested amount in Bitcoins to regain your data. This article contains the step-by-step removal options of the cryptovirus, as well as a guide to repair damaged PC system sections and ways to recover encrypted files.
name | Pahd virus |
Type | Ransomware, file-locker, cryptovirus |
Family | Djvu/STOP |
Infection symptoms | Personal files (documents, archives, databases, etc.) are renamed, and you cannot open them; performance of the device is diminished; ransom note is seen on the desktop and in some affected folders; can't open security software and other programs |
Appended file extension | .pahd |
Ransom note | _readme.txt |
Data recovery | Victims of this ransomware should try out the decryption software listed below |
Elimination | To remove this file virus entirely, users have to use a reliable anti-malware program that ensures that the infection won't renew after a reboot |
System health | Cryptoviruses don't encrypt system files, but they modify them to a point where the system is no longer usable. You can try repairing all the damage the virus has managed to cause by using the FortectIntego system diagnostics tool |
Instructions to remove Pahd file virus, repair system damage, and recover encrypted data
We're not going to wrap you cotton wool – the removal and recovery will take some time and require professional software. To begin this journey, the first thing you need to do is to copy essential files from the infected machine onto a USB, SSD, or other offline storage devices. Skip this step if you had backups.
Part 1. File virus removal
Other security experts[2] and we recommend downloading a trustworthy anti-malware software such as Malwarebytes or SpyHunter 5Combo Cleaner. If the ransomware prevents you from downloading it (because of altered system settings and files), you have to do that in Safe Mode with Networking. We've included a free guide for that at the bottom of the article.
Once one of the recommended security tools is installed, make sure to update its virus database with the latest definitions and perform a full system scan. That should automatically detect all files related to Pahd file virus, isolate them, and suggest that you remove them. Please do so.
This action should eliminate the ransomware with all of its associated files. To ensure that your device is properly protected, it would be best if you made a habit of updating your chosen AV tool and scanning the entire system with it at least a couple of times a week.
When ransomware infects the machine and affects those files it can also affect the performance.
The need for a reliable security tool is once more reiterated in the VirusTotal report,[3] which shows that devices that had such tools evaded the infections as security software identified the threat and blocked it. In fact, 50 out of 70 AV engines recognized the malicious file. Here's a few examples of its detection names:
- RDN/Generic.grp
- Trojan:Win32/Azorult.RF!MTB
- A Variant Of Win32/Kryptik.HLEW
- Win32:PWSX-gen [Trj]
- Trojan.MalPack.GS
Part 2. Recovering the damage your system files and settings endured
As we've already mentioned numerous times, Pahd virus alters core system files and settings. Ransomware does these changes to establish persistence. That may result in various abnormal PC behavior, such as the inability to launch security software, freezing, BSoDs, and so on.
Thus if you want to enjoy your device as you did before the cyberattack, you have to take care of all system-related irregularities. Unfortunately, you won't be able to restore all modifications manually, even if you consider yourself a tech-savvy person. But luckily, IT experts create convenient tools such as the FortectIntego system diagnostics software to help to fix Windows systems automatically. Here's what you need to do:
- Download the application by clicking on the link above
- Click on the ReimageRepair.exe
- If User Account Control (UAC) appears, choose Yes
- Click Install
- A scan will begin immediately after the installation is finished.
- Once the scan is completed, check the results listed in the Summary
- Click on each of the discovered problems and fix them manually
- If you see many issues that you find difficult to fix, we recommend you purchase the license and fix them automatically.
Using such a tool, you can rest assured that your device won't exhibit any abnormal behavior, such as BSoDs,[4] severe lag, freezing, etc. If you've kept backups of your critical data, only after completing the instructions in Part 1 and Part 2 is it safe to recover files as there's no chance that the ransomware infection would renew. If you didn't, please proceed to the next part.
Part 3. Decrypting locked files with Emsisoft software
This section of the article suggests available data decryption software. Please keep in mind that there's no guarantee that the recommended tools will help you to recover Pahd files, but it's a way better option than paying the criminals and expanding their dirty business.
As we've mentioned initially, companies are working to minimize the damage caused by Djvu family ransomware. One of those companies is Emsisoft, and they offer free decryption software meant to compact viruses from the said lineage.
Here's what you need to do:
- Download the app from the official Emsisoft website.
- After pressing the Download button, a small pop-up at the bottom should show up – press on it.
- If User Account Control (UAC) message pops up, press Yes.
- Agree to License Terms by pressing Yes.
- After the Disclaimer appears, press OK.
- The tool should automatically identify folders affected by Pahd ransomware, although you can also do it by pressing Add folder at the bottom.
- Press Decrypt.
If the program was able to unlock your files, an inscription "Decrypted!" will appear. If you see "Error: Unable to decrypt file with ID:" that means that the necessary key for Pahd file virus was not yet retrieved, so you should try again later. But if a message "This ID appears to be an online ID, decryption is impossible" pops up – this tool won't be able to help you with file recovery.
If the decryptor was unsuccessful in recovering encrypted files, please don't lose hope. There are other methods that you should try, and we've posted them below. And please remember that a reliable anti-malware tool is your best defense against cyber threats lurking on the internet.
Getting rid of Pahd virus. Follow these steps
Important steps to take before you begin malware removal
File encryption and ransomware infection are two independent processes (although the latter would not be possible without the former). However, it is important to understand that malware performs various changes within a Windows operating system, fundamentally changing the way it works.
IMPORTANT for those without backups! →
If you attempt to use security or recovery software immediately, you might permanently damage your files, and even a working decryptor then would not be able to save them.
Before you proceed with the removal instructions below, you should copy the encrypted files onto a separate medium, such as USB flash drive or SSD, and then disconnect them from your computer. Encrypted data does not hold any malicious code, so it is safe to transfer to other devices.
The instructions below might initially seem overwhelming and complicated, but they are not difficult to understand as long as you follow each step in the appropriate order. This comprehensive free guide will help you to handle the malware removal and data recovery process correctly.
If you have any questions, comments, or are having troubles with following the instructions, please do not hesitate to contact us via the Ask Us section.
It is vital to eliminate malware infection from the computer fully before starting the data recovery process, otherwise ransomware might re-encrypt retrieved files from backups repeatedly.
Isolate the infected computer
Some ransomware strains aim to infect not only one computer but hijack the entire network. As soon as one of the machines is infected, malware can spread via network and encrypt files everywhere else, including Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices. If your computer is connected to a network, it is important to isolate it to prevent re-infection after ransomware removal is complete.
The easiest way to disconnect a PC from everything is simply to plug out the ethernet cable. However, in the corporate environment, this might be extremely difficult to do (also would take a long time). The method below will disconnect from all the networks, including local and the internet, isolating each of the machines involved.
- Type in Control Panel in Windows search and press Enter
- Go to Network and Internet
- Click Network and Sharing Center
- On the left, pick Change adapter settings
- Right-click on your connection (for example, Ethernet), and select Disable
- Confirm with Yes.
If you are using some type of cloud storage you are connected to, you should disconnect from it immediately. It is also advisable to disconnect all the external devices, such as USB flash sticks, external HDDs, etc. Once the malware elimination process is finished, you can connect your computers to the network and internet, as explained above, but by pressing Enable instead.
Restore Windows "hosts" file to its original state
Some ransomware might modify Windows hosts file in order to prevent users from accessing certain websites online. For example, Djvu ransomware variants add dozens of entries containing URLs of security-related websites, such as 2-spyware.com. Each of the entries means that users will not be able to access the listed web addresses and will receive an error instead.
Here's an example of "hosts" file entries that were injected by ransomware:
In order to restore your ability to access all websites without restrictions, you should either delete the file (Windows will automatically recreate it) or remove all the malware-created entries. If you have never touched the "hosts" file before, you should simply delete it by marking it and pressing Shift + Del on your keyboard. For that, navigate to the following location:
Restore files using data recovery software
Since many users do not prepare proper data backups prior to being attacked by ransomware, they might often lose access to their files permanently. Paying criminals is also very risky, as they might not fulfill the promises and never send back the required decryption tool.
While this might sound terrible, not all is lost – data recovery software might be able to help you in some situations (it highly depends on the encryption algorithm used, whether ransomware managed to complete the programmed tasks, etc.). Since there are thousands of different ransomware strains, it is immediately impossible to tell whether third-party software will work for you.
Therefore, we suggest trying regardless of which ransomware attacked your computer. Before you begin, several pointers are important while dealing with this situation:
- Since the encrypted data on your computer might permanently be damaged by security or data recovery software, you should first make backups of it – use a USB flash drive or another storage.
- Only attempt to recover your files using this method after you perform a scan with anti-malware software.
Install data recovery software
- Download Data Recovery Pro.
- Double-click the installer to launch it.
- Follow on-screen instructions to install the software.
- As soon as you press Finish, you can use the app.
- Select Everything or pick individual folders where you want the files to be recovered from.
- Press Next.
- At the bottom, enable Deep scan and pick which Disks you want to be scanned.
- Press Scan and wait till it is complete.
- You can now pick which folders/files to recover – don't forget you also have the option to search by the file name!
- Press Recover to retrieve your files.
Create data backups to avoid file loss in the future
One of the many countermeasures for home users against ransomware is data backups. Even if your Windows get corrupted, you can reinstall everything from scratch and retrieve files from backups with minimal losses overall. Most importantly, you would not have to pay cybercriminals and risk your money as well.
Therefore, if you have already dealt with a ransomware attack, we strongly advise you to prepare backups for future use. There are two options available to you:
- Backup on a physical external drive, such as a USB flash drive or external HDD.
- Use cloud storage services.
The first method is not that convenient, however, as backups need to constantly be updated manually – although it is very reliable. Therefore, we highly advise choosing cloud storage instead – it is easy to set up and efficient to sustain. The problem with it is that storage space is limited unless you want to pay for the subscription.
Using Microsoft OneDrive
OneDrive is a built-in tool that comes with every modern Windows version. By default, you get 5 GB of storage that you can use for free. You can increase that storage space, but for a price. Here's how to setup backups for OneDrive:
- Click on the OneDrive icon within your system tray.
- Select Help & Settings > Settings.
- If you don't see your email under the Account tab, you should click Add an account and proceed with the on-screen instructions to set yourself up.
- Once done, move to the Backup tab and click Manage backup.
- Select Desktop, Documents, and Pictures, or a combination of whichever folders you want to backup.
- Press Start backup.
After this, all the files that are imported into the above-mentioned folders will be automatically backed for you. If you want to add other folders or files, you have to do that manually. For that, open File Explorer by pressing Win + E on your keyboard, and then click on the OneDrive icon. You should drag and drop folders you want to backup (or you can use Copy/Paste as well).
Using Google Drive
Google Drive is another great solution for free backups. The good news is that you get as much as 15GB for free by choosing this storage. There are also paid versions available, with significantly more storage to choose from.
You can access Google Drive via the web browser or use a desktop app you can download on the official website. If you want your files to be synced automatically, you will have to download the app, however.
- Download the Google Drive app installer and click on it.
- Wait a few seconds for it to be installed.
- Now click the arrow within your system tray – you should see Google Drive icon there, click it once.
- Click Get Started.
- Enter all the required information – your email/phone, and password.
- Now pick what you want to sync and backup. You can click on Choose Folder to add additional folders to the list.
- Once done, pick Next.
- Now you can select to sync items to be visible on your computer.
- Finally, press Start and wait till the sync is complete. Your files are now being backed up.
Manual removal using Safe Mode
Important! →
Manual removal guide might be too complicated for regular computer users. It requires advanced IT knowledge to be performed correctly (if vital system files are removed or damaged, it might result in full Windows compromise), and it also might take hours to complete. Therefore, we highly advise using the automatic method provided above instead.
Step 1. Access Safe Mode with Networking
Manual malware removal should be best performed in the Safe Mode environment.
Windows 7 / Vista / XP
- Click Start > Shutdown > Restart > OK.
- When your computer becomes active, start pressing F8 button (if that does not work, try F2, F12, Del, etc. – it all depends on your motherboard model) multiple times until you see the Advanced Boot Options window.
- Select Safe Mode with Networking from the list.
Windows 10 / Windows 8
- Right-click on Start button and select Settings.
- Scroll down to pick Update & Security.
- On the left side of the window, pick Recovery.
- Now scroll down to find Advanced Startup section.
- Click Restart now.
- Select Troubleshoot.
- Go to Advanced options.
- Select Startup Settings.
- Press Restart.
- Now press 5 or click 5) Enable Safe Mode with Networking.
Step 2. Shut down suspicious processes
Windows Task Manager is a useful tool that shows all the processes running in the background. If malware is running a process, you need to shut it down:
- Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc on your keyboard to open Windows Task Manager.
- Click on More details.
- Scroll down to Background processes section, and look for anything suspicious.
- Right-click and select Open file location.
- Go back to the process, right-click and pick End Task.
- Delete the contents of the malicious folder.
Step 3. Check program Startup
- Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc on your keyboard to open Windows Task Manager.
- Go to Startup tab.
- Right-click on the suspicious program and pick Disable.
Step 4. Delete virus files
Malware-related files can be found in various places within your computer. Here are instructions that could help you find them:
- Type in Disk Cleanup in Windows search and press Enter.
- Select the drive you want to clean (C: is your main drive by default and is likely to be the one that has malicious files in).
- Scroll through the Files to delete list and select the following:
Temporary Internet Files
Recycle Bin
Temporary files - Pick Clean up system files.
- You can also look for other malicious files hidden in the following folders (type these entries in Windows Search and press Enter):
After you are finished, reboot the PC in normal mode.
Finally, you should always think about the protection of crypto-ransomwares. In order to protect your computer from Pahd and other ransomwares, use a reputable anti-spyware, such as FortectIntego, SpyHunter 5Combo Cleaner or Malwarebytes
How to prevent from getting ransomware
Choose a proper web browser and improve your safety with a VPN tool
Online spying has got momentum in recent years and people are getting more and more interested in how to protect their privacy online. One of the basic means to add a layer of security – choose the most private and secure web browser. Although web browsers can't grant full privacy protection and security, some of them are much better at sandboxing, HTTPS upgrading, active content blocking, tracking blocking, phishing protection, and similar privacy-oriented features. However, if you want true anonymity, we suggest you employ a powerful Private Internet Access VPN – it can encrypt all the traffic that comes and goes out of your computer, preventing tracking completely.
Lost your files? Use data recovery software
While some files located on any computer are replaceable or useless, others can be extremely valuable. Family photos, work documents, school projects – these are types of files that we don't want to lose. Unfortunately, there are many ways how unexpected data loss can occur: power cuts, Blue Screen of Death errors, hardware failures, crypto-malware attack, or even accidental deletion.
To ensure that all the files remain intact, you should prepare regular data backups. You can choose cloud-based or physical copies you could restore from later in case of a disaster. If your backups were lost as well or you never bothered to prepare any, Data Recovery Pro can be your only hope to retrieve your invaluable files.
- ^ Software cracking. Wikipedia. The free encyclopedia.
- ^ Dieviren. Dieviren. Spyware news and security.
- ^ VirusTotal. Virustotal. Suspicious file analysis.
- ^ Chris Hoffman. Everything You Need To Know About the Blue Screen of Death. Howtogeek. Online technology magazine.


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Mookie Betts Rockin' Big Papi-Themed Cleats to Honor David Ortiz
Mookie Betts Rockin' Big Papi-Themed Cleats ... With Gold Chains!!!
MLB superstar Mookie Betts is paying homage to his old teammate when he hits the diamond for Players Weekend ... rockin' Big Papi cleats that have their own gold chains!!
The Red Sox MVP decided to do a sick tribute to David Ortiz on his cleats for the special weekend (when players can wear custom kicks and fun nicknames on their jerseys).
The finished personalized Jordan 13s are DOPE -- with images of Papi, his signature, the classic Fenway Park Green Monster and his trademark gold chains!!
Mookie designed the cleats himself ... and it's obviously a sick tribute to the Red Sox legend who was nearly killed in a shooting the Dominican Republic back in June.
David has been recovering in Boston ever since ... and is doing well, recently saying, "Big Papi will be back soon."
Ortiz is a 3-time World Series champ, 10-time All-Star and has his #34 retired ... so yeah, the tribute is warranted.

subset: commoncrawl


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Home> Shopping
International Trade Tower |
The Zhanjiang World Trade Building is a landmark building in Zhanjiang, located on Zhongshanyi road, in Chikan district, the most prosperous area in the city. The building covers an area of 18,000 square meters, with 16 floors above ground and a 12,000-square-meter parking lot underground. A modern shopping center occupies the first four floors and covers an area of 40,000 square meters. The fifth floor is a platform garden. The building integrates office business, sightseeing, entertainment, catering services, conferences, and other services.
Address: No 2, Zhongshanyi road, Chikan district, Zhanjiang city
Transportation: Nanqiao Bus Stop No 1, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 22, 23, 27, 29 (east and west lines), 33, 41, 801 or 805


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Posts Tagged 'freedv'
LHS Episode #147: Radio on the Fringe
Hello, LHS listeners! We are back again with another exciting installment of our show. In this episode we discuss logging, general purpose and contesting, a new single-board computer project, retro gaming, a pop-up terminal for Linux, digital voice, software defined radio and much more. Thanks for listening, and remember: Get on the air!
73 de The LHS Guys
LHS Episode #145: Screaming Peanuts
Hello, friends! We're back with another fine episode of Linux in the Ham Shack. In this episode, we tackle topics like digital voice, the release of the 4.0 Linux kernel, installing or running Linux from a thumb drive, and a few rants from the peanut gallery. Please enjoy, and come back in a couple weeks for the next one!
73 de The LHS Guys
LHS Episode #138: Being David Rowe
How about that: It's the first episode of Linux in the Ham Shack for 2015! We hope everyone is having a great new year so far. In this episode, we talk with David Rowe, VK5DGR, of Adelaide, South Australia. David is an audio engineer, Ph.D. scholar, inventor of Codec2 and co-author of FreeDV, among his many accolades. We talk to David about his projects, Linux, amateur radio, life in Australia, LinuxConf AU, the new SM1000 FreeDV device, the amount of energy it takes to make a Krispy Kreme donut, home built electric cars, and much more. Until next time...
73 de The LHS Guys
LHS Episode #137: Bacon Wins
Greetings, salutations and happy holidays! Today your weary hosts (minus one) bring you some great information about great topics, like: Why you should avoid qrznow.com, why you should upgrade your WordPress installation, why you should try ElementaryOS, why the government is like a turtle, and why bacon renders your argument invalid. Be well, listen often, and stay safe.
73 de The LHS Guys
FreeDV has received a fair degree of publicity recently and is a GUI application for Windows, Linux and MacOS (other platforms are in development) that allows any single side band radio to be used for low bit rate digital voice communication.
I was primarily interested in it for possible use on VHF. It is hoped that the recently introduced 146-147MHz allocation available in the UK to full licence holders (via a Notice of Variation) will be used for digital mode experimentation. I have been constructing a data mode interface for use on the old TR9000 since it can operate on these frequencies but I decided to try the FT857D on HF to get an understanding of the program.
With FreeDV speech is compressed down to 1600 bit/s then modulated onto a 1.25 kHz wide 16QPSK signal which is sent to the mic input of a SSB radio. On receive, the signal is received by the SSB radio, then demodulated and decoded by FreeDV. The appeal being communications should be readable down to 2 dB S/N, and long-distance contacts should be possible using QRP power.
There is a lot of information. videos and guides available on the FreeDV website but the basics are straightforward. The computer requires two sound cards to handle the audio to and from the radio and the speaker/headphones and microphone. One method is to use a USB 'gamer' headset but since I already had a spare PC headset with 3.5mm plugs I opted for a cheap plug in USB soundcard (as detailed below)
Once the audio devices and PTT control are installed and configured within FreeDV it is a matter of monitoring a frequency (in USB) and hopefully you can send and receive.
So far I have only managed two QSOs with Trygve (LA6UOA) and Fabrice (F4FPG) on 14.236MHz with both the audio was clearly understandable but did suffer from the odd breakup and stutter. This was probably due to the laptop being used rather than an issue with the signal as the FreeDV needs a reasonably powerful machine with a decent amount of memory.
The software is very picky, several times the audio device settings have been forgotten or it has come up with a cryptic error message:
../src/msw/bitmap.cpp(846):assert "image.IsOk()" failed inThis is a known issue with the Windows version and the solution is to manually remove all of the FreeDV settings from the registry. The full details of how to edit the registry are in the GOTCHA section of the FreeDV site. Editing the registry is not recommended to the inexperienced person so is not a great solution and when starting the program backup after this fix requires reconfiguration of callsign, sound card and PTT settings again.
CreateFromImage(): invalid image
Despite this setback it is an excellent and exciting new mode. Both Trygve (LA6UOA) and myself were first timers when we had our QSO and we were like excited school children once we were able to converse successfully. Fabrice (F4FPG) was an old hand at it and I thank him for allowing me to briefly interrupt a QSO he was having with another UK operator who I could not hear.
I would recommend using K7VE's QSO Finder website http://qso.k7ve.org/ to see who is monitoring and on what frequency as well as passing hints in real time.
LHS Episode #136: Introduction to FreeDV
Hello, everyone! We are back again with another fun and informative episode of Linux in the Ham Shack. In this episode, your hosts discuss solar flares, lots of space weather, stable and easy-to-install Linux distributions, H.R. 4969, Quentin Tarantino, dinner rolls and the amazing and fun new transmission mode for HF known as FreeDV. Don't miss a second of this action-packed episode.
73 de The LHS Guys
Show Notes @#100
- Promo: Listen to the Linux Basement Podcast.
- Happy Birthday, Richard!
- Yes, folks, it's episode 100 of Linux in the Ham Shack. We're now eligible for syndication!
- In celebration of our 100th episode, several of our listeners in the chat room call in and participate in a roundtable discussion. Participants include Harrison (VE2HKW), Brian (K5BPC), and Jon (KT4KB). Unfortunately, noise on Jon's connection prevented him from staying on the line.
- We received voice messages from listeners Michelle, Joy, Rich (KD0RG), Doug (N6LMX), Nick, Jon, "Major J", and Harrison (VE2HKW).
- Feedback from Matt (KD8SZG), who asks which would be a better choice for a new HF user: a used IC-7000 or new FT-857D. The consensus is to choose the new FT-857D.
- Jon, KT4KB, asks how Russ and Richard met.
- Richard makes a shocking announcement!
- We have a short discussion of FreeDV vs. D-STAR, followed by a brief discussion of various Linux distributions.
- Richard makes a few final comments.
Contact Info:
- Contact Richard at [email protected], Russ at [email protected], or both at the same time at [email protected].
- Listen to the live stream every other Tuesday at 8:00pm Central time. Check the LHS web site for dates.
- Leave us a voice mail at 1-909-LHS-SHOW (1-909-547-7469), or record an introduction to the podcast.
- Sign up for the LHS mailing list.
- Sign up for the MAGNetcon mailing list.
- LHS merchandise is available at the Merch link on Web site. Check out the Badgerwear or buy one of the other LHS-branded items at PrintFection.com/lhs or Cafe Press. Thanks!
- Thanks to Dave from Gamma Leonis for the theme music.
- Gun Slinger by Daniel Worth.


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I could spend the rest of my life writing what to see in our beautiful Fiorenza (that's the medieval name)…but I am sure you will understand if I limit myself to give you just few information!!!
In case you want to have more info: write me in private or…please, read the lonely planet guide! 😉
About the museums, please visit the page: http://personalconciergeflorence.wordpress.com/museums/
In town, of course you don't have to miss:
The Duomo
Santa Maria del Fiore Church and Museo dell'opera del Duomo
http://www.museumflorence.com/ and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Cathedral
Piazza della Signoria
Ponte Vecchio
Piazza Pitti
San Lorenzo Church
San Lorenzo Leather and food Market
The market is pretty famous for the leather. In the truth I don't like the quality of these products. In the past the market's stands were all Italians, now you can find cheap leather but you will not be sure the leather is genuine Italian.
Something nice I have to say about the food market, open every day from Monday to Saturday from 8,00 a.m. to 1,00 p.m. There you can find very good and fresh products: cheese, meat, vegetables and bread…They have also solutions for small Italian presents to bring back home, but also if you would like to have lunch, there are a couple of places you can really enjoy (http://personalconciergeflorence.wordpress.com/food/fast-food-and-bars).
Piazza Santa Maria Novella and Basilica
Little Pig Market
Just as I said about the san Lorenzo leather market, the goods are not always Italian genuine leather, but you can of course find cheap solutions and, especially with Arabians, you can negotiate on the prices.
Basilica of Santa Croce
Via Tornabuoni and surrounding areas
It's the road with the main shopping brands. If you cannot afford the expenses, you can at least look at the shop windows!
Piazza Santo Spirito & Santo Spirito Church
This is a very lively area! During the evening Florentines and tourists meet there to have aperitifs, eat, and in summer play music
If you like the countryside and will be searching for a little bit of fresh air during the hot summer months, or maybe you will be just searching for a place outside town, you can visit Piazzale Michelangelo and/or Fiesole.
PIAZZALE MCHELANGELO and SAN MINIATO AL MONTE
Piazzale Michelangelo is the balcony from which you can have a stunning view of the town.
The medieval Sanctuary: San Miniato al Monte is a very beautiful example of medieval church. Once a week the Mass is still celebrated in Gregorian. It's and experience I definitely suggest you to do! http://www.sanminiatoalmonte.it/
To get to Piazzale Michelangelo, you just have to go to the train station and take bus number 12 or 13. Once you are on the top of the hill you can easily descend, make your visit, have a nice aperitif or ice-cream and then come back with the same busses number 12 or 13 until you will reach the train station, or walk back through the beautiful staircase will keep you at the San Niccolò district, from which in 15 minutes maybe less, walking along the river, you will be back to the Ponte Vecchio. http://www.personalconciergeflorence.com/?p=222
To get to Fiesole, you can take the bus number 7 from piazza San Marco. The last stop will be yours!
Fiesole is a very nice village at the top of a hill. Its history is very ancient and in addition to the beautiful view you can still find Roman ruins and an early Romanic Monastery dedicated to san Francesco. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiesole
Other sites of interest are
Basilica di San Marco
The Fra Angelico's frescoes worth to be visited…http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Marco,_Florence#Works
Santissima Annunziata Church
Santa Felicita Church
Orsanmichele Church
Any further suggestion will be welcome!!!!


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Anyone with acne knows that it takes a toll on the appearance of your skin. About 20% of people who have had acne in their lifetime will have scarring. Acne scarring can take several forms, from minor skin discoloration to more severe issues like pock marks.
Most people who suffer from acne scarring actively look for ways to downplay the lingering reminders of this persistent skin condition. Often, that means resorting to chemicals and synthetic formulas that promise to yield results. Recently, however, Vitamin E has gained traction as a powerful skincare ingredient. But can it reduce the appearance of acne scars and blemishes?
Acne scarring and keloid formation
Acne is traumatic to your skin, and severe cases of acne can lead to hypertrophic scars: thickened, wide, and often raised blemishes that occur in response to skin injury. The scars aren't dangerous, but they can be painful and a troublesome cosmetic issue.
Acne scars are milder than keloid scars, which are similar types of scars that are darker in color and are more raised than hypertrophic scars. Acne scars typically appear as red or pink blemishes that are less raised than keloid scars.
There's no officially established treatment for hypertrophic scars, but there are some oral treatments that include Vitamin E that may reduce their appearance. It's important to note, however, that topical Vitamin E is discouraged as a method for acne scar treatment, since it can irritate healing tissue when applied directly.
Vitamin E is a powerful skincare ingredient
Vitamin E is an antioxidant that fights free radicals throughout the body. Free radicals harm healthy cells, including skin cells, leading to premature signs of aging like fine lines, wrinkles, hyperpigmentation and scars. Vitamin E combats these harmful free radicals, preventing them from damaging cells to protect the health of your skin.
Vitamin E supports your body's healing process, aiding in the formation of red blood cells that send oxygen through the body. This, combined with its free radical fighting properties, makes Vitamin E a crucial healing agent that can support better skin health.
The acne-friendly properties of Vitamin E
More people are looking to Vitamin E as a potential acne treatment. As an anti-inflammatory, Vitamin E boosts your immune system and aids in cell regeneration, which is particularly important in terms of skin cells. Its anti-inflammatory properties make it a potential treatment for inflammatory acne, which often manifests as nodules, cysts, papules, pustules or scars.
While more research is required to determine whether Vitamin E is more effective than other methods for treating acne, many people see benefits from using Vitamin E supplements to control free radicals and the effects that follow them.
Combine vitamins for enhanced effects
Many products feature Vitamin E in combination with Vitamins A and C, for a powerhouse antioxidant combination that can improve skin health. This combination may also reduce acne breakouts and the appearance of acne scars and dark spots. If your primary concern is reducing the appearance of acne scars and spots, look for an anti-aging product featuring Vitamin E, along with A and C.
If you're dealing with an active acne breakout, choose a gentle spot treatment product that features Vitamin C, while supplementing the alpha-tocopherol form of Vitamin E. This enables a two-front assault on acne. While gentler vitamins and moisturizing products soothe inflamed skin, antioxidants inside the body get to work reducing inflammation at the source. While there's no overnight cure for acne, this twofold approach fights the chief catalyst behind acne scarring: inflammation.
Diet plays a role in antioxidation and acne control
Supplementing is a great way to support those who aren't getting enough Vitamin E in their diet; however, as most acne sufferers know, diet plays a critical role in reducing flare-ups and downplaying scarring. To improve your antioxidant levels, eat more whole foods like fruits and vegetables, which are rich in Vitamin E. Likewise, even though they're a great source of Vitamin E, you might want to avoid fatty oils that might contribute to a flare-up.
Keep in mind, the recommended daily intake of Vitamin E is 15mg per day for adults. Supplementing is a safe and effective way to get more Vitamin E into your body, but always get approval from a medical professional first.
Always consult with a dermatologist
Want to minimize the appearance of your acne scars or other skin blemishes? Topical Vitamin E products, as well as supplements, can help reduce symptoms of acne and reduce the appearance of acne scars, too. Don't hesitate to reach out to your dermatologist to discuss your options, and be sure to discuss Vitamin E products to determine whether they're right for you.


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by Emily Isola
The Roselle Park High School varsity wrestling team defeated the Scotch Plains –Fanwood Raiders, 45-16, in Wednesday night's match. Senior Daniel Van Brunt scored the only pin for the Raiders, increasing the team score by 6. Roselle Park won ten out of the fourteen matches. Four of those wins were pins and one was a tech. For Scotch Plains–Fanwood, junior JT Beirne started his team off strong by winning his match with a final score of 8-2. Along with Van Brunt and Beirne, junior Brian Lapham won his match 6-1 and sophomore Jashmar Philippe won his match 15-4, earning the Raiders a team score of 16. The Raiders take on the Westfield Devils at 7 p.m. on Friday at Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School.


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Larry King ordered to pay estranged wife Shawn $33K per month in spousal support
Last Modified: Dec 11, 2020
Larry King will be paying his estranged wife Shawn Southwick King a hefty amount in spousal support- $33,000 per month. According to legal documents obtained by PageSix, 87-year-old TV and radio host has agreed to pay his 61-year-old ex-wife a one-time lump sum of $20,000.
The agreement will continue until their hearing which is set for April 29, 2021. During the next hearing, it will be determined if Shawn can receive retroactive payment for the year-plus.
King had filed for divorce in August 2019 and Shawn had first filed for spousal support in September 2020. He had previously said their 26 year age gap and religious differences took a toll on their marriage.
Larry King had said, "Also my wife is a very religious Mormon, and I'm an agnostic atheist, so that causes little problems. We overcame a lot, but it just hit a point where we didn't get along."
Shawn's friends on the other hand said that she was in fact "blindsided" by the divorce filing. They had married on September 5, 1997.
King has had seven wives, and eight divorces including this one. From his marriages, he has five children including two sons Cannon Edward King and Chance Armstrong King with Shawn. She also has a son named Danny Southwick from a previous marriage.


text: With fairly smooth and proportionally aligned curved lines, the Ark Chair brings together a number of interesting features. Not only from an ergonomic and functional point of view, where the whole body is perfectly adjusted to the chair. But also, from an aesthetic point of view, resulting in a product with a very characteristic dynamism and identity.


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Powder MicroStandard™
Applied Microspheres provides Powder MicroStandard™ for calibration of particle analysers which require dry particles, such as Dynamic Image Analysis and Laser Diffraction. Powder MicroStandards are available in a wide selection of very uniform sizes, ranging from 3 to 220 µm.
The certified mean diameters are traceable to the International System of Units (SI). Traceability through the SI is obtained through reference materials calibrated by a third party ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratory. NIST traceability is also included and obtained through NIST Standard Reference Materials. Powder MicroStandards are composed of plain or cross-linked polystyrene and have a density of 1.05 g/cm3. The refractive index is 1.59 @ 589nm. They are conveniently packaged in vials in 1 gram quantities. They are not designed for dispersion in liquid media.


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18 Aug 2022
A business may need to rethink its traditional operating methods as it adjusts its legal and accounting structures ahead of the UAE's new Corporate Tax regime.
As part of Transfer Pricing regulations, which are fundamental to Corporate Tax policy, corporate support will be subject to greater scrutiny, a practice more frequently associated with businesses.
Significant tax reform has been implemented in the UAE with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to comply with international standards. The UAE is aligning its corporate income tax system and efforts to fight harmful tax practices. OECD prescribes that multinational corporations pay a minimum 15 percent corporate income tax. Therefore, the UAE is aligning its corporate income tax with this requirement. In addition, to avoid international companies exploiting tax loopholes, OECD members must implement Transfer Pricing regulations.
The UAE government is expected to soon announce its Corporate Tax policy framework, including its Transfer Pricing regulation. As businesses prepare for the new Corporate Tax regime, ICAEW convened an expert panel to provide in-depth insight.
A new Transfer Pricing regulation will be introduced as part of the UAE's Corporate Tax regime in line with the OECD's Transfer Pricing policy framework. The Transfer Pricing strategy involves businesses in different jurisdictions paying inflated prices to a subsidiary or company in a lower region to appear less profitable and therefore subject to lower taxes.
In addition, the UAE's Transfer Pricing policy will incorporate the 'Arm's Length' principle (this principle ensures fair market conditions and correct allocation of taxes when there is a possibility of conflict of interests.) for all transactions. To comply with this rule, related business transactions must be reported similarly to unrelated transactions.
It was noted that most of the region's private sector businesses and their outsized importance might require some changes to their practices to comply with Transfer Pricing guidelines.
Businesses in regional communities are traditionally interconnected and support one another, promoting a conducive business environment through their relationships within the community. Although companies were not using these strategies to sidestep regulation, experts fear offering good terms to a related business could be interpreted as profit shifting under the new Corporate Tax regime.
It is generally a positive development to have a Corporate Tax UAE regime in the UAE. Even though there are 40 free zones in the UAE and businesses play a critical role in the market, there will be challenges to navigate. However, the measured implementation of the policy suggests those involved are committed to creating a business environment that benefits all.
As part of the discussion, the speakers also discussed the option for organizations to form a tax group, thereby rendering subsidiary businesses taxable as one entity. As a result, the UAE government has emphasized the importance of maintaining standard accounting practices for regional businesses with little experience in Corporate Tax regimes.
Despite its legal and accounting reshaping effects, the levy on corporations is believed to boost the business environment. Also, free zone companies will be able to form tax groups and continue enjoying tax holidays.


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Elliot Handler, inventor of Hot Wheels, dies at 95
If you had any sort of childhood in the United States, then you've definitely heard of Mattel, Barbie and Hot Wheels – so it's pretty sad for us to report today that Elliot Handler, the inventor of Hot Wheels die-cast toy cars, died on July 21 at his home in Southern California.
Handler, 95, and his wife, Ruth, and family friend Matt Matson founded Mattely in 1945.
In 1959, Matel had huge success with the Barbie brand after which it sought a popular toy for young boys. The company launched Hot Wheels in 1968. In close to 43 years, there have been more than 10,000 designs of Hot Wheels cars.
– By: Omar Rana
Source: AutoWeek


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Maman has borrowed this photo from Tante Peggy who made it.
I do so wish Maman would make one just like it for me!
Maman is buried in WWI research right now.
She has forgotten all about sewing. But it is so exciting!
You can read about what she is discovering on her blog at House of Houben.
The outfit above was sold by GL from 1915 to 1917.
This is the era that Maman is studying. Her great Uncle William Williams died when he was only 19 in Greece on Feb 22, 1917. He was fighting with the Royal Welch Fusiliers.
That's why I'd love to have this uniform.
Love from Yvette Marie xoxoxo


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Having good auto insurance is designed to help you make sure you're protecting your vehicle in the case of an accident, theft, or other problem. But there can be misunderstandings about what, exactly, that insurance covers. It's imperative for you to take a good look at your policy to understand exactly what kind of protection you have for your vehicle. If you're not sure about the coverage limits or specifics you have with your auto policy, it's important that you ask questions so your agent can help you understand.
Many people believe that their auto policy will cover the items they leave in their car if those items or the entire vehicle happens to be stolen. If you're in the Americus, GA area, come to us at Client First Insurance Solutions and let us work with you on the specifics of your vehicle policy. We can show you that, typically, the items you leave in your vehicle aren't covered by your insurance policy. Whether the entire vehicle is stolen or it's broken into, and items are taken from it, your personal property will not be protected by the policy that covers your car.
Reach out to us today at Client First Insurance Solutions, and we can help you find an auto insurance policy that will work for your needs. Our customers in the Americus, GA area get the support and guidance they need to choose quality vehicle insurance right for their plans and goals. Having good insurance and making sure you don't leave anything valuable in your vehicle are important ways to protect what's yours and keep your belongings from coming to any harm. Then you can enjoy your time on the road and feel confident when you leave your vehicle unattended, as well.


text: DR NCM Fathom Events and BBC AMERICA are thrilled to celebrate 50 years of the world's longest-running sci-fi series, Doctor Who, with a Real D 3D presentation of the Doctor Who 50th Anniversary Special: The Day of the Doctor. This extraordinary one night event will take place in select cinemas nationwide on Monday, November 25 at 7:30pm (local time). To win a pair of tickets to a participating theater in the Salt Lake City area, text the word ANNIVERSARY and your zip code to 43459 (ex. ANNIVERSARY 80302). Deadline for entry is tomorrow – Thursday, 11/21 by 2:00PM – so don't hesitate to enter to win. For more information on theater locations or how to purchase tickets, please visit http://www.fathomevents.com/event/doctor-who-the-day-of-the-doctor. Good luck!


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When talking about bee swarms, the first thing we'd like to get across is that a bee swarm is a natural phenomenon and a beautiful miracle of nature. Please don't be taken in by Hollywood and the mainstream press planting pictures of mothers and children running down the street being mercilessly chased by clouds of angry bees ala Alfred Hitchcock's Birds movie only with smaller assailants. Not that that can't happen if Timmy uses a Hornet's nest he found as a football. But a bee swarm is very different and happens for a different reason.
Honeybees are unique in that when a hive's Queen feels she is running out of space in her hive she will make a decision to split the hive and start a new one. Sometimes a hive will swarm because they feel the urge to and the spring season is so strong they just feel compelled to.
Once she has made this decision, the Queen will send of bee "scouts" to find a new suitable location. She will also create in her hive what we call "Queen Cells". She will start maybe a half dozen of these cells. The peanut shaped cell in the photo is a Queen cell. The purpose of these cells is to create a new Queen within the hive. Eventually these cells will hatch out a new Queen. Once the first new Queen is hatched she will generally kill the other cells because the hive can only have one Queen. The cell repetition exists to ensure that at least one new Queen will hatch.
Once the hive's original Queen has laid her new Queen Cells she knows that original hive will continue to grow and flourish under the new management. She then feels confident to take 5000-10,000 of her bees and start a new hive in a location found by one of the scouts she sent out.
What a swarm looks like depends on when you're seeing it. The swarm starts when the Queen leaves the hive. As this is one of the only times a Queen will exit a hive after her initial fertilization it is a big thing as far as the hive goes. Once she has exited, she will usually land a short distance away from the original hive to get her bearings and to let group around her the bees that will be accompanying her. If you look at a swarm right when it starts it can be VERY intimidating though not dangerous. It will look a lot like a tornado of bees flying all around almost in a circle ranging from about 6 to 20 feet in height. It can be scary to walk through. But, within 5-15 minutes, this "tornado" of bees finds the Queen where she has situated herself and they will all merge on her. This second stage of the swarm looks like a big ball of bees. You might see them hanging on a tree branch, fence post or gutter. Believe it or not, the bees within this ball are very docile. They are not so much to be feared but admired and respected. They are totally focused on the Queen and relocating her quickly and safely. You can see in the picture that I'm right up next to a swarm from one of our hives without any protective gear or worries. The bees will remain like this for maybe an hour and then fly off in a group to wherever they've decided to relocate.
The only real way for us to capture a swarm is to catch it when it is in that ball. What we'll do is place a hive box beneath the swarm and gently sweep the bees into the box. Most often, we'll try to cut the branch the bulk of the swarm is on and (very!) gently drop/place it into the box. As long as the Queen is swept into the box, all the bees will follow her inside within an hour. Once we're sure that the Queen is in the box, we'll reduce the size of the entrance to ensure she can't leave. It is not uncommon to have a swarm try to leave the new hive box if you don't. Sometimes, no matter how nice a new home you provide them, they'll try to insist on setting up in that hollow tree down the road. Hence trapping the Queen. From there we'll relocate the box to another area and, hey presto, we've got a new beehive.
The other way to trap a swarm is by being able to find their new hive location, grabbing the Queen and putting her into a new hive box allowing her bees to follow. Please keep in mind that all this can only happen if the "ball of bees" or new hive is accessible by us. If it is 80 feet up a tree there is understandably a problem accessing it.
A closer look at that. It was about 25 feet up a very flimsy small forest of bamboo.
Luckily for us, bamboo bends almost double safely and it was just a matter of doing that and capturing the swarm without letting go of the stalks of bamboo which would have snapped upright and flung the whole swarm of bees Goddess knows how far. A comical though until it lands on a family's picnic table....
People tend to fear things less once they understand them
Copyright © 2021 Eco Honeybees - All Rights Reserved.


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How local government can make better organizational decisions
Organizations are often disappointed with the outcomes of key institutional decisions. Local governments are no exception. Bad outcomes aren't always the result of bad luck. High-impact decisions are often made without the benefit of even writing anything down about the decision process. The fact is that many important decisions are inadequately analyzed and overly influenced by personal biases. Lack of analysis often correlates with bad decision outcomes.
One can make a great decision and still have an unlucky outcome. Conversely, bad decision-making processes are often redeemed by decision-makers with good intuition or just plain good luck. Everyone probably has personal experience with high-impact decisions being made by simply taking the gut reaction of someone in authority. Individuals with significant authority often have better-than-average intuition. A little analysis, however, can frequently improve upon above-average intuition. While analysis cannot improve your luck, better decision-making processes over the long haul will lead to improved outcomes, greater organizational effectiveness and will even make you appear luckier.
Business and industrial engineering students are routinely trained in Decision Analysis (DA) concepts. DA uses analytical tools such as linear programming and Monte Carlo simulation to solve decision problems. Unfortunately, many other curricula neglect these topics entirely. As a result of that neglect, many high-level managers have never been exposed to DA concepts. Consequently, many organizations that could benefit, do not have DA incorporated into their routine business processes.
The discipline of DA goes by various names. It is a subset of Operations Research or Management Science. DA was considered cutting edge in the 1970s but is much more widely used today. Many organizations incorporate DA into their decision policies. Nonetheless, the use of DA is far from universal. Most organizations could benefit from a broader DA application. That includes governmental agencies.
A good decision is typically one selecting the alternative providing the greatest likelihood of delivering the desired outcomes. Good decisions will typically appear rational upon thorough review. Cognitive psychologists consider two types of rationality that are both required for a decision to be rational. Those are epistemic and instrumental rationality. Epistemic rationality refers to the degree that the decider's beliefs about the decision context map onto reality. Instrumental rationality is the degree to which a chosen course of action is likely to achieve the intended outcome. Absent either epistemic or instrumental rationality, a decision can be viewed as irrational. There are countless case studies where, upon analysis, organizational decisions appear self-frustrating and irrational.
Much of that irrationality is due to the psychology of individual decision-makers. The field of Behavioral Economics began with the 1979 publication of a paper by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky entitled "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk." That paper ultimately led to Kahneman receiving the 2002 Nobel Prize in Economics. In the paper, Kahneman and Tversky document experimentally how subject's economic decisions differed significantly from utility maximization rule from classical microeconomics. As the field of Behavioral Economics developed, more and more patterns of human decision-making emerged experimentally that seemed to violate rationality. Those odd patterns of decision-making, or cognitive biases, are experimentally repeatable, violate rationality and seem to come standard to some degree with each and every copy of the human brain.
Biases are powerful psychological constructs that can interfere with every individual's ability to objectively process information and make optimal decisions. Our intuition is often negatively influenced by cognitive biases. Elected and appointed public officials are not exempt and democratic processes don't always filter the biases out. Those cognitive biases can result in poor decisions that waste scarce public resources. DA can help strengthen public decision-making and optimize the benefits we receive from public expenditures.
DA starts with systematically decomposing a decision in a way that allows further analysis. Most academic DA problems use numerical methods to identify alternatives that will optimize the desired outcome. To solve decision problems mathematically, all aspects must be quantified. That said, decisions don't need to be mathematically optimized to benefit from DA. Just taking that first step of framing the problem can provide significant benefits and improve the quality of decisions.
The decision decomposition process starts with creating a problem statement. Once that is done, the various elements of a decision problem can be teased out. The key elements of a decision problem are the objective, alternatives, constraints, tradeoffs, consequences, risks, and uncertainties. Just breaking these elements out can often shed significant light on the decision context.
Once the decision is decomposed, it is simple task to list the criteria for evaluation. A table can be created where the criteria are in the first column and another column is created for each alternative discussing or rating each alternative based on those criteria. This is referred to as a tradeoff table or tradeoff matrix. Often this simple exhibit can greatly illuminate the path for decision-makers.
The analysis can simply be a listing of pros and cons for a particular course of action. In fact, Benjamin Franklin recommended just this approach in a 1772 letter. Franklin recommends reflecting on a particular alternative and comprehensively listing the pros and cons of taking that course of action. Franklin then recommends striking out pros and cons in pairs that are about of equal weight. Once the numbers of pros and cons are thus reduced, the analysis is greatly simplified.
There are obviously some decisions that are low impact and low complexity where a formal DA process would not be justified. DA is best suited for larger decisions or repetitive decisions where the impact taken in aggregate is large. For the DA process to add value, the marginal benefit from a better decision should exceed the cost of the DA process. One should keep in mind, however, that just taking the first few steps of decomposing the problem or applying the Benjamin Franklin method can dramatically improve the decision outcomes. It won't make you luckier, you'll just appear that way.
Jeff H. Edmonds, P.E. has nearly 35 years of work experience related to public works management, construction and design. Edmonds has been the director of engineering services with the City of Corpus Christi, Texas, since 2015.


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The prayer
The prayer
I beg you, Lord, keep me on my way,
And open for me Your doors to the sunshine,
Give me a chance to reach Your love,
And teach me to hope and to believe.
That my path is still long enough,
And it will not reach the road among stars too soon.
O my God, I beg You, refill the vessel
Of my soul with the wine of life.
Please, don't rush my horse that's supposed
To carry me to Your Kingdom.
And yes, I have a lot of sins,
I don't even know how to pray well.
But I believe in Your infinite love.
Please, teach me to pray, forgive me my sins.
And when my last hour shall come,
I beg You, stand at the head of my bed.
The Motherland
Sunsets and sunrises are special at home,
Where fog covers lakes, where brooks babble,
Where you can hear the singing of the nightingale,
Where there are the vast expanses of my Motherland.
I like to walk through a field in hot summer,
Where the lonely wind whirls dust around
And the invisible skylark in the heavens
Flows its heartwarming warble to the ground.
I like to sit at the shore of the lake at night
When just a fish splashing disturbs the silence,
When the forest darkens, but fireflies
Illuminate my soul like candles.
Evening twilight begins. Bushes darken.
Sun's rays make their way through the trees.
Ragged dark clouds float above the forest.
The clouds call me to the distant lands,
Where the coast is washed by waves,
Where the moon reflects in the sea,
Where other stars shine in the sky,
Where other languages are spoken,
Where eternal summer reigns, where's no winter,
Where we'll never see each other again.
To graduates of the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens*
Graduates of the Smolny whirl in a waltz,
And it looks like all of Petersburg dances today.
You can see flirty smiles and beautiful faces,
And music reigns all around.
Let's dance, young ladies and gentlemen,
You will pass through the war tomorrow.
But girls of the Smolny will become
A symbol of love and hope.
Soulless time is so fleeting and tough,
And new people live in Russia now.
But the waltz of the Smolny Institute
Still sounds in our hearts.
* Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens was the first female educational institution in Russia. It was founded in 1764 in St. Petersburg and it was closed shortly after the Russian October Socialist Revolution at the beginning of 20th century. Today the Smolny Institute is one of the romantic symbols of old Imperial Russia.
About the author:
Lyudmila Tymchuk writes rhyming poems, fairytales and fables. Born on January 11 1952 in the village of Urmary Chuvashi ASSR. Graduated Kazan Medical Institute named after S. V. Kurashov. Has been writing poems since 15 years old. Tymchuk L. D. is a nominee of "Legacy" (2014, 2015), "Poet of the Year" (2014, 2015), and the Sergey Yesenin "My Rus" (2016) literary awards. As well, is currently a member of the Russian Writers' Association, associate member of the International Writers, Playwrites and Journalists' Association.


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The power of God working in us is what enables every good work that God calls us to, to be accomplished. Pray then that his glory will be displayed in everything.
Now to him who is able to do immeasurably more than all we ask or imagine, according to his power that is at work within us, to him be glory in the church and in Christ Jesus throughout all generations, for ever and ever! Amen.
Ephesians 3:20-21


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City of Falls Church Mayor David Tarter began Monday night's meeting of the Falls Church City Council by reading a forceful statement in wake of sexual abuse charges against Mary Ellen Henderson Middle School teacher Jose Daniel Estrada, arrested last week and charged with molesting two female students.
The charges have been compounded by unconfirmed reports by a regional media outlet that Estrada had been removed from other teaching positions and merely "counseled" to avoid situations of being alone with his students by the Henderson Middle School principal in the last year. The News-Press received similar unconfirmed reports.
In a press release last Friday, Manassas Park Police said they are currently conducting an investigation jointly with Child Protection Services on allegations that may have occurred between September 2014 and April 2015 while Estrada was a teacher at Manassas Park Middle School.
The Falls Church City School System (FCCPS), in a press release this week, stated that it followed its standard protocols in 2015 when it hired Estrada. The procedures included fingerprinting and backgrounds checks with the FBI, the Virginia State Police, Child Protective Services that included panel interviews and reference checks.
The schools' statement said that Estrada was hired on July 1, 2015 and that Estrada's immediate past supervisor at a Manassas Park middle school had been interviewed prior to the hire. "That supervisor was asked specifically about Estrada's interactions with students and staff members. FCCPS received no information indicating that there had been problems or issues, and when asked if Estrada was someone who would be rehired, the answer was yes," the FCCPS statement said.
In his statement Monday, Mayor Tarter said, "As a father of three children, I am deeply distressed to think that children in our community are ever harmed by trusted adults. Our community's children and their families continue to be our primary focus. Falls Church is a small and in some ways a sheltered community, but no community can afford to assume it is free of the scourge of sexual abuse. We must be constantly vigilant, educate ourselves and our children, and not be afraid to discuss this important issue."
He continued, "Our silence is not the answer to child sexual abuse…We must be willing to thoroughly examine and re-examine our practices and procedures to ensure that we always do the best by our most vulnerable citizens. The City government is in the process of doing that now. We already have safeguards in place in connection with our youth programs…We are committed to re-evaluating and strengthening these programs where opportunities for improvement are identified, which may include enhancing staff training and community outreach…We will continue to do all we can to protect our children. We owe them nothing less."
Tarter said that as the matter of the Estrada charges "will be handled by the courts and the (Falls Church City Public) School Board, I cannot comment on it at this time."
Interim School Superintendent Dr. Robert Schiller told the News-Press Wednesday that a "firewall now exists" between the schools and those continuing to investigate this case. He said in his long career he's faced other situations like this, and affirmed that all the necessary procedures had been followed.
This included the action by the Schools to contact the Falls Church Police and Child Protective Services (CPS) on Jan. 17, in accordance with State law, upon receiving a report alleging that there was inappropriate conduct by a teacher. Estrada was immediately removed from the classroom and placed on paid leave, as the law also requires. "The action enabled the FCCPS to ensure the safety of its students while also reserving judgment on the employee," the FCCPS statement said.
Schiller said Estrada had been hired on a one year at a time basis with annual non-continuing contracts, and that a decision had been taken not to renew his contract just prior to his arrest. While, in accordance with state law, Estrada's pay was placed in an escrow account pending the outcome of his case, he will be paid only through this June 30. The School Board followed Schiller's recommendation and voted last week not to renew his contract.
Even prior to his arrest, Schiller told the News-Press, the School Board determined that "he was not the kind of person who rose to the level of our expectations."
The FCCPS statement added, "As the police and CPS investigation continues, we must be alert to the possibility of additional potential victims. It is extremely important that individuals feel comfortable and supported in coming forward if they have additional information or concerns," adding, "Our teachers and staff, the mentors and role models for our students, have a tremendous impact on student safety and security."
Schiller told the News-Press that he'd retained special counsel to advise him to ensure the schools were doing everything properly.


text: Former New York partner Manisha Sheth was appointed to the position of Executive Deputy Attorney General for Economic Justice. In her new role, Ms. Sheth leads over 250 employees in the Division's five litigation bureaus: Investor Protection, Antitrust, Consumer Frauds, Internet & Technology, and Real Estate Finance. At the firm, Ms. Sheth handled a wide range of commercial litigation, including structured finance and derivatives litigation, securities litigation, healthcare litigation, government investigations, and white collar defense and internal investigations. Ms. Sheth's appointment continues the long tradition of public service by partners of the firm.


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In this episode, Curt and Linda Willing discuss the cultural and legal challenges associated with hazing, pranks and bullying in the fire service. Linda is a retired fire officer from the Boulder (CO) Fire Department, and is now a noted author, columnist and lecturer. She is the author of On the Line: Women Firefighters Tell Their Stories, and is a monthly columnist for FireRescue1 and Fire Chief.
Linda is the principal trainer and consultant with RealWorld Training & Consulting (www.rwtraining.com). She specializes in designing training programs for organizational diversity, leadership development, change management, decision-making, and conflict resolution.
Linda is an adjunct faculty member and curriculum advisor with the National Fire Academy Executive Fire Officer and Management Science programs and has developed a number of emergency services training programs at the national level. In 1982, Linda co-founded Women in the Fire Service. Linda holds a BA from the University of Pennsylvania and a master's degree in management science from Regis University in Denver, and is a certified mediator.


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Ruth Ann Heider Johnson, 74, of Kaneohe, a teacher and Kahala Elementary School retiree, died in Kaneohe. She was born in Orange Grove, Texas. She is survived by husband the Rev. Donald K.; sons Mark, Daniel and Jonathan; brother Donald Heider; sister Adelaide Marlatt; and nine grandchildren. Celebration of life: 2 p.m. Sunday at the Lutheran Church of Honolulu. Casual attire. In lieu of flowers, donations suggested to the Lutheran Church of Honolulu, Associate Pastor for the Children and Youth Fund, Windward Artist Guild Scholarship Fund or charity.
Our deepest condolences to the family and friends of the deceased


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CBD Oil for Anxiety Australia Guide: All the facts and how it works
Yes, taking CBD Oil for Anxiety and depression is scientifically proven to work in many ways. But do you know all the facts behind it?
This guide is for all the anxious Aussies out there, who are curious if CBD can make their lives better. Read on to find out the science behind CBD's popularity as a natural remedy for anxiety and depression, and how it can help you, too.
How does CBD affect your brain?
CBD interacts with the endocannabinoid system1, a complex cell-signaling system that plays a vital role in regulating many physiological processes throughout your body. This includes mood, sleep, appetite, hormone regulation, and pain perception. The endocannabinoid system is also involved in regulating anxiety and stress responses2, which is why it could be a great candidate for treating anxiety and depression.
CBD works by increasing the activity of serotonin receptors in your brain3, a neurotransmitter associated with good mood. Serotonin helps to regulate emotion, behavior, and cognition. Studies have found that low serotonin levels can contribute to anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and Panic Disorder4.
How long does CBD oil take to work for anxiety?
The time it takes for CBD oil to start working can range from as little as 15 minutes to 2 hours. That's quite a wide range, and the reason is that this duration is determined by a number of factors. Two of the strongest aspects to take into consideration are the method of intake of CBD oil and the dosage you use.
Related Article: How Does CBD Oil Work? and How Long Does CBD Oil Take To Work?
There are lots of CBD products on the market – from cosmetics to edibles to powder extracts – and they all work for different types of conditions. When it comes to anxiety, your best option is a sublingual CBD oil that you can take multiple times a day. Consistency yields the best results, and if you stick to a good treatment schedule, you will greatly benefit from taking CBD oil for your anxiety. Opt for a clean, certified, full-spectrum CBD oil like this one from Lullaby Luxury. Such a product will give you about 30 minutes before the effects start to kick in.
Another aspect that will influence the time it takes for CBD to work for anxiety is the dosage. It's important not to take more than the recommended dose of CBD in order to avoid unwanted side effects. Our CBD oil dosage guide will be of great help if you're starting your CBD journey and are not sure how much CBD oil to begin with. The larger the dose, the faster the effects, but that's not always going to be a good thing. Monitor your dosage and experiment slowly until you find a plan that works for you, so you can enjoy the many benefits of CBD oil in your life.
After finding a quality full-spectrum CBD oil and a dosage that fits your needs, you can expect to feel the effects of your CBD oil in around 30 minutes to 1 hour. But as we said above, a consistent treatment plan will lead to long-term effects that will benefit you greatly.
Pros and cons of CBD oil for anxiety
Pros of Using CBD Oil for Anxiety
1. CBD oil is a natural, non-toxic remedy that can provide relief from anxiety without the side effects associated with medications like benzodiazepines.
2. It has been clinically proven to be effective in helping to reduce symptoms of anxiety5, including providing relief from panic attacks6, and post-traumatic stress disorder7.
3. Unlike THC (the psychoactive compound found in cannabis), CBD does not produce any type of "high" or impairment.
Cons of Using CBD Oil for Anxiety
1. Some people may experience mild side effects such as nausea, drowsiness, or changes in appetite when using CBD oil, but the side effects are usually restricted to large doses.
2. It is also important to be aware that the quality and potency of CBD oil can vary greatly from product to product, so it's important to buy from a reputable source.
CBD oil for anxiety Chemist Warehouse
Chemists Warehouse and Cannatrek have teamed up to bring CBD oil to Australian shelves, with speculation that the products may arrive by 2023. However, due to hurdles such as lengthy production processes and complex approval stages, CBD oil is unlikely to hit the shelves of Chemist Warehouse in the near future. As a result, ordering from well-established companies online is the best option for getting CBD oil in Australia.
Check out this article for more information on CBD oil Chemist Warehouse Australia.
CBD for depression and anxiety
CBD is recommended for depression and anxiety as it works to reduce the symptoms associated with both conditions. Studies have found that CBD can help to improve mood and sleep quality, and reduce stress levels. Additionally, CBD has been shown to be an effective treatment for mental health issues such as PTSD, OCD, bipolar disorder, depression, and anxiety without causing any adverse side effects. As a natural remedy, CBD can be taken orally as an oil or in the form of edibles, capsules, and topical creams.
Is CBD oil good for depression?
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays an important role in regulating a person's mood and can help reduce feelings of anxiety, fear, and depression. CBD doesn't necessarily increase serotonin levels, but it can change the way serotonin receptors work and thus how much of this hormone is present in your body at a given time. This is because CBD binds not only to CB1 and CB2 receptors in the endocannabinoid system but also to several hormone receptors in the brain, where it can work as an agonist, meaning that it slows the absorption of serotonin, leaving more of it in the brain and regulating your mood.
Additionally, CBD's anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties may help reduce physical pain associated with depression. Poor sleep can also be both a symptom of depression and a cause for a prolonged lousy mood. We have already seen the benefits of CBD oil for sleep and insomnia, so this is another way that CBD can indirectly help with depression.
How long does it take for CBD oil to help depression?
CBD oil is a widely-used remedy for many physical and mental conditions, including symptoms of depression and related disorders. As in the case of anxiety, several factors influence the onset of effects after taking CBD. It can start working in as little as 15 minutes, with its effects lasting up to 2 hours. The length of time it takes for it to work depends on the method used to ingest it and the choice of dosage. For depression, too, one of the best ways is to take a sublingual CBD oil multiple times a day. Start with a low dosage, and experiment until you find the plan that fits your needs. With consistency over time, you can enjoy the many long-term benefits of CBD oil for depression relief, pain, and mood.
Hemp seed oil for anxiety
Hemp seed oil is gaining popularity as an effective natural remedy with many nutritive benefits8. Hemp seed oil does not contain CBD, so it does not have the same effects as CBD oil. Instead, hemp seed oil works by providing essential fatty acids such as omega-3s and 6s which are often lacking in people's diets and can help to improve brain health. Furthermore, hemp seed oil is high in magnesium and antioxidants which have a wide range of beneficial effects on the body, possibly including reduced feelings of anxiety.
It is important to note, however, that hemp seed oil is not CBD oil and does not contain the cannabinoids that help reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Hemp seed oil is a very healthy element to include in your diet, but if your goal is to fight anxiety and depression symptoms using natural treatments, CBD oil is your best bet.
How to take CBD oil for anxiety
When taking CBD oil for anxiety, it is important to be aware of the dosage you are taking. Start with the lowest recommended dose and increase gradually until you get desired results. Some studies suggest that higher doses may have a more significant effect on reducing symptoms of anxiety than lower doses.
It is also essential to choose a high-quality product that contains pure ingredients and meets all safety standards. The best way to ensure that the product you select is both safe and effective is to purchase it from a reputable supplier. Look for one that provides clear labeling information about the ingredients, dosage, and potential side effects as this will help you make an informed decision.
Related: CBD Vapes for Anxiety
Finally, when taking CBD oil for anxiety, be sure to give yourself time to adjust. Start with doses that are smaller than what is recommended and slowly increase as you get used to it. Remember, everyone's body responds differently to cannabis-based products so patience is key. Keep in mind that the effects of CBD oil may not be immediately noticeable, but can build up over time with consistent use.
For more helpful information on how to take CBD for anxiety, check out our Complete CBD Guide for Beginners.
Conclusion – CBD Oil for Anxiety in Australia
CBD oil is a natural remedy that has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. It can be taken in many forms, depending on the individual's needs, and it is important to start with lower doses and increase gradually. CBD oil may not work immediately, but with consistent use, the benefits will be noticeable. When choosing a CBD oil product, it is essential to select one from a reputable supplier that provides clear labeling information about ingredients and dosage. With the right approach and knowledge, CBD oil can be an effective natural way to ease anxiety and depression symptoms.
1. Lu HC, Mackie K. Review of the Endocannabinoid System. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2021;6(6):607-615. doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.07.016
2. Morena M, Patel S, Bains JS, Hill MN. Neurobiological Interactions Between Stress and the Endocannabinoid System. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016;41(1):80-102. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.166
3. de Almeida DL, Devi LA. Diversity of molecular targets and signaling pathways for CBD. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2020;8(6):e00682. doi:10.1002/prp2.682
4. Akimova E, Lanzenberger R, Kasper S. The Serotonin-1A Receptor in Anxiety Disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2009;66(7):627-635. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.03.012
5. Skelley JW, Deas CM, Curren Z, Ennis J. Use of cannabidiol in anxiety and anxiety-related disorders. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2020;60(1):253-261. doi:10.1016/j.japh.2019.11.008
6. P. Soares V, C. Campos A. Evidences for the Anti-panic Actions of Cannabidiol. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2017;15(2):291-299.
7. Loflin MJ, Babson KA, Bonn-Miller MO. Cannabinoids as therapeutic for PTSD. Curr Opin Psychol. 2017;14:78-83. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.12.001
8. Leizer C, Ribnicky D, Poulev A, Dushenkov S, Raskin I. The Composition of Hemp Seed Oil and Its Potential as an Important Source of Nutrition. J Nutraceuticals Funct Med Foods. 2000;2(4):35-53. doi:10.1300/J133v02n04_04
Written by Rodney Guthrie
Rodney is a co-founder of CBD Oil Australia. He works as a cannabis rights activist, and has been working for years to bring awareness to the health benefits of cannabis and how it can help people suffering from various conditions who aren't able to find relief with traditional medications.


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The global frac sand market has become an integral part of the oil and gas sector due to the increasing demand for oil and gas extracted from unconventional resources. Some of the key consumers of frac sand are oil and gas companies operating in the shale formations in the US and Canada.
The players on the supply side as well as demand side engage in business by forming contracts. The expiry of some of these contracts in 2015 has created much uncertainty on the demand side. In addition, falling oil prices negatively impacted the demand for frac sand. Consumers operating in shale formations like Eagle Ford and Permian basin have reduced drilling, and as a result, there has been a continuous decline in the number of rigs.
Technavio's analysts forecast the global frac sand market to grow at a CAGR of 10.29% during the period 2016-2020.
Full Report Details at
- http://www.fastmr.com/prod/1183721_global_frac_sand_2016_2020.aspx?afid=301
Covered in this report
The report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the global frac sand market for 2016-2020.
The market is divided into the following segments based on geography:
* Europe
* North America
Technavio's report, Global Frac Sand Market 2016-2020, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the market landscape and its growth prospects over the coming years. The report also includes a discussion of the key vendors operating in this market.
Key vendors
* Emerge Energy Services
* Hi-Crush Partners
* Northern Frac Proppants
* US Silica
Other prominent vendors
* Chieftain Sand
* Di-Corp
* Hanson Lake Sands
* LaPrairie Group
* Sibelco
* Source Energy Services
* Unimin
* Victory Nickel
* Vista Sand
Market driver
* Technological advances in oil extraction
* For a full, detailed list, view our report
Market challenge
* Decreasing oil prices and reduced drilling
* For a full, detailed list, view our report
Market trend
* Market consolidation
* For a full, detailed list, view our report
Key questions answered in this report
* What will the market size be in 2020 and what will the growth rate be?
* What are the key market trends?
* What is driving this market?
* What are the challenges to market growth?
* Who are the key vendors in this market space?
* What are the market opportunities and threats faced by the key vendors?
* What are the strengths and weaknesses of the key vendors?
You can request one free hour of our analyst's time when you purchase this market report. Details are provided within the report.
Companies Mentioned in this Report: Emerge Energy Services, Hi-Crush Partners, Northern Frac Proppants, US Silica, Chieftain Sand, Di-Corp, Hanson Lake Sands, LaPrairie Group, Sibelco, Source Energy Services, Unimin, Victory Nickel, Vista Sand
About Fast Market Research
Fast Market Research is a leading distributor of market research and business information. Representing the world's top research publishers and analysts, we provide quick and easy access to the best competitive intelligence available. Our unbiased, expert staff is always available to help you find the right research to fit your requirements and your budget.
For more information about these or related research reports, please visit our website at http://www.fastmr.com or call us at 1.800.844.8156 (1.413.485.7001 Int'l)
You may also be interested in these related reports:
- Power Quarterly Deals Analysis: M&A and Investment Trends - Q4 2015
- Power Quarterly Deals Analysis: M&A and Investment Trends - Q3 2015
- Power Quarterly Deals Analysis: M&A and Investment Trends - Q1 2016
- Power Annual Deals Analysis 2015
- Global Energy Harvesting Devices Market 2015-2019
Global Frac Sand Market 2016-2020 - New Market Study Published
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- Study Advice Article
- Posted 5 years ago
What TOEFL Scores Do You Need to Get Admitted to the Best Universities in Europe?
There are a large number of English-language master's degrees available in universities across Europe. If you are planning to apply for a master's program which is taught in English, then you will need to provide proof of your English language abilities. One test used to measure language skills is the TOEFL, which you need to take before applying for a master's.
- Study Abroad Article
- Posted 9 years ago
English Proficiency Exams: Which to Take and How to Prepare
If you are considering applying to a study program taught in English, whether in an English speaking country or elsewhere, you will almost certainly be required to send proof of English proficiency as part of your application. Moreover, if you are interested in applying to jobs that require English proficiency, having a language certificate will make your application process much smoother.


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Purifying the Oil VI
"A song of ascents, by David. Behold, how good and how pleasant is the dwelling of brothers, moreover, in unity. Like the precious oil upon the head running down upon the beard of Aaron, running down over his garments, so the dew of Hermon descends upon the mountains of Zion, for there God has commanded the blessing. May there be life forever!" (Psalm 133)
Rav Shlomo Kluger calls our attention to the anointment of Aaron to better understand this Psalm: "Moses took the oil of anointment and anointed the Tabernacle and everything within it. He sprinkled from it seven times upon the Altar; he anointed the Altar and all its utensils, and the laver and its base, in order to sanctify them. He poured from the oil of anointment upon Aaron's head, and he anointed him to sanctify him." (Leviticus 8:10-12) Moses first poured the oil upon Aaron before he anointed him, in contrast to the process of anointment of the Tabernacle and its vessels. This is to teach us that Moses first poured the oil on Aaron so that the oil could receive sanctity from Aaron. Only after the oil was sanctified by Aaron, could it be used to anoint him.
He goes on to compare this to a Talmudic concept: R. Hama b. Hanina said: What is the meaning of the verse, "Iron sharpens iron?" (Proverbs 27:17)This is to teach you that just as in the case of one [iron] iron sharpens the other so also do two scholars sharpen each others mind by halachah.
R. Nachman b. Isaac said: Why are the words of the Torah likened to a tree, as it is said, "It is a tree of life to them that grasp it?" (Proverbs 3:18) This is to teach you. just as a small tree may set on fire a bigger tree so too it is with scholars, the younger sharpen the minds of the older. This will be in agreement with what R. Chanina said: I have learnt much from my teachers, and from my colleagues more than from my teachers, but from my disciples more than from them all. (Ta'anit 7a)
Rav Kluger explains that the Talmud is describing a process in which both parties receive from each other, just as the oil received from Aaron before it gave back to him by anointing him. This is why the Psalm begins with, "How good and how pleasant is the dwelling of brothers, moreover, in unity," meaning, two people who dwell together, both giving to, and receiving from the other, just as the oil and Aaron gave to, and received from, the other.
The small jar of oil, enough for only one day, found by the Chashmonaim, by burning for eight days was functioning just as the oil poured over Aaron: It gave the Chashmonaim hope, and it was empowered by their determination to act beyond their limitations. The oil and the Chashmonaim both, gave to, and received from, the other.
We can only prepare for Chanukah, and the miracle of the oil, by understanding that this miracle is a give and take; it is not that we sit back and wait for miracles to happen, but that we act expansively to empower the miracles we need.