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A faucet water filter is a device that connects to your kitchen sink and filters water as it flows out. It's a simple way to get better-tasting, cleaner drinking water without having to spend money on bottled water.
You should consider installing a faucet water filter in your home for a variety of reasons, including the following: -It is less expensive than purchasing bottled or canned beverages at a store;
The installation process is simple and quick; and more! Continue reading to learn more about How do faucet water filter work?
Table of Contents
What is a Faucet Water Filter? – How Do faucet water filter Work?
A faucet water filter is a piece of equipment that can be used to filter the water that comes out of your faucets. This filtering device will remove the impurities from the water that you are drinking.
It is essential to have a water filter for several reasons, and one of the main reasons is because water that chemicals have contaminated can cause several health problems.
For instance, using water infected with pesticides may lead to health complications and other issues if you are using water. Water that contains many chemicals can also lead to dry skin, hair loss, and irritation of the eyes.
Cartridge filters and faucet-type filters are the two types of filtration systems currently available on the market.
The cartridge type can work in the same way as the unfiltered water filter; it uses a filter cartridge placed inside a filter that can trap the impurities present.
However, the filter cartridges in these types of filtration systems cannot trap any of the chemical contaminants.
If you are looking at getting a faucet-type filter system, you will be looking for filter housing. This filter housing typically houses a filter cartridge.
The filter cartridge will house several different components. One of these components is a sediment collector, which will capture large particles from the water you are drinking.
There will also likely be some ion exchange unit. This will handle removing any impurities that might be in the water.
The next consideration that you will need to make when looking at a faucet filtration system is the filtration capacity.
When you look at the number of gallons of water that you need to filter, you will need to know the average amount of water that a person drinks typically daily.
This number is usually based on how much water you use for drinking and/or cooking. So, if you are someone who drinks a lot of water, you will need a larger filter than someone who only uses water occasionally.
Also, if you are using a lot of water to clean your body, you might want to consider a larger filter.
Typically filters are priced according to the size of the cartridge that you will be using. The larger the cartridge, the more money that you will spend.
There is an overall average price that is associated with the filters that are sold. However, the cost can be up to five times that average depending on the brand and type that you choose.
You can also choose to buy a 'discount' cartridge to get a higher price for the unit. Most people do not realize this, and they pay way too much money for the filters they buy.
What is a faucet water filter? In short, it is a filter that you put on your faucet to filter the water that comes through it.
The filter will remove impurities and other items from the water that could potentially harm you or any member of your family. This includes dirt, bacteria, metals, oils, and more.
The filter cartridge is placed in your sink or tub, and water is continuously passed through the filter where the contaminants are trapped inside the filter cartridge.
Does Faucet Water Filters Working?
If you've been following the news, you're aware that there are numerous types of water filters available. Some of these cleaners are marketed as "Family Purifiers," while others claim to be the best on the market.
However, the reality is that the vast majority of these faucet water filters do not function at all, contrary to what some manufacturers would have you believe. Here's why the majority of them fail.
When chlorine vaporizes, it becomes chlorine gas. That's why showerheads and some faucet models cause health problems in people with breathing problems or other problems.
Chlorine gas is scorching when it vaporizes. Therefore, people suffering from asthma or allergies usually suffer the most from inhaling the chloroform gas produced by chlorine vapor.
This is a huge problem. How then do we know if these faucet purifiers remove chlorine vapors?
Well, let's think about this for a second… do you remember what chlorine fumes smell like? It's usually a chlorine smell if you can remember that.
Now, if you turn the faucet on and walk out, you have the same chlorine vapors walking around the house. If you are breathing them in, then you certainly know that they are present.
It doesn't take a very sophisticated purification system to remove chlorine vapors. All that is necessary is a high-quality water filter.
If that's all that your cleaner is capable of, then you're wasting your money. You need more than just a high-quality water filter to remove chlorine. Do faucet water filters work?
You do need a perfect water filtration system in your home if you want to get rid of chlorine and other dangerous chemicals from your tap water.
The best way to find out what you need to do is to do a little research on the internet. You can find out what type of systems other people are using and the results of those systems. Also, you can read reviews of different companies and find out which one has the most satisfied customers.
Don't get me wrong – there is some delicious "boil your own" systems that cost less than $100. If you don't mind doing a little work and taking a little time to put this together yourself, you can get a great system that works and shows results.
However, it is much more expensive to purchase and install a system like that. So, what do these products cost, and do they work to clean your water?
The answer to the question of whether faucet water filters work is that they don't most of the time. There are exceptions to the rule sometimes, but usually, they are only short-term fixes that provide a little bit of hope.
Most of the time, though, they are just a waste of time and money. If you are serious about cleaning your water, you need a system to remove chlorine and other dangerous chemicals from your drinking supply.
Otherwise, all of those products are just a waste of space.
Of course, the best thing to do is to purchase a whole house water filtration system. This will take out all of the chlorine and other impurities from your drinking supply.
The best part is, you won't have to change the water in your home, which means that you won't have to deal with the problems that come along with impure water.
You'll be able to enjoy your shower, your laundry, and your laundry day without worrying about whether you're drinking tainted water.
Ultimately, there are no drawbacks to using this type of system, and to go the extra mile, you can even purchase a system that includes a multi-stage filtration system, which will provide you with even greater security.
The Benefits of Using a Faucet Water Filter
The advantages of using a faucet water filter are numerous, and they can benefit you and your entire family as a result. When you have clean, fresh-tasting water at your disposal, it's very beneficial to your health.
But what is even more helpful than the taste is the other benefits of using a faucet water filter. Here are just a few that you might want to consider.
The first benefit of using a faucet water filter is that you'll save money on bottled water or filtered water. Bottled water is going to cost a lot more than filtered water.
And while you're at it, you should also use a multi-stage filter system. This will ensure that your water is free of any harmful contaminants that could hurt you. Multi-stage filters work by attaching to the incoming water flow of your faucet and filtering out all of the various harmful elements.
Another one of the benefits of using a faucet water filter is that you'll be less likely to develop any types of illnesses that come from water. A common problem is called Cholera, and this comes from a large number of bacteria in the water.
Cholera is usually contracted through dirty water, and by using a filter system, you'll take care of this problem right away. There are other benefits of using a faucet filter, such as keeping the water from looking cloudy.
If you drink a lot of water, and you often get sick, then the chances are that the water you're drinking has some harmful contaminant.
One of the best benefits of using a faucet water filter is that it will help to keep the water sparkling clear. This happens because the filter removes all contaminants that can harm you and leaves in the healthy, essential minerals that we need to stay healthy. This way, you can drink more water without having to worry about any health issue.
The last of the many benefits of using a faucet water filter involves how much money you'll save over time. It all depends on the type of filter system you buy, but typically the filter systems cost less than purchasing bottled water.
The amount of money you spend on a faucet filter system each month will vary, depending on the type of filter you are buying.
For instance, you may pay less than ten cents per gallon when you use a multi-stage filter system, but you could end up paying hundreds of dollars per year if you use a countertop filter system.
The best thing to do is do a little research into the different types of filters available to make an educated decision.
The fourth benefit of using a faucet water filter is that it keeps you from buying harmful bottled water. Bottled water is full of chemicals, and there is even a risk of lead poisoning when you consume tap water sitting for a long time.
You might think that there aren't any benefits of using a faucet water filter, but there are. The first benefit involves how much money you'll spend on bottled water each year.
When you use a filter system, you will never have to worry about buying any water bottles ever again. If you don't filter your water, you are spending hundreds of dollars on bottles that will only get old.
The fourth benefit is related to the environment. When you use an effective filtration system, you can eliminate the number of harmful waste products in your water supply.
This means that you'll be doing your part to help the environment, and you can even earn some money back by selling the filter system you use to other people.
There are many benefits of using a faucet water filter. It would be best if you thought about the benefits of using a faucet water filter as soon as you get your next water bill.
Since bottled water is full of chemicals and you may be drinking harmful water, there's no reason not to invest in a good water filter system.
How to Choose Faucet Water Filters for the Whole Family
If you want to know how to choose Faucet water filters for the home, there are a few steps you need to take first. First of all, you need to find out what is in our water.
With today's environmental awareness and pollution problems, we can all agree that our water needs to be cleaner.
When choosing water filters, the best thing to do is to purchase a filter that can remove any contaminants present in your water supply. You don't want to buy the first filter you find because they are not all created equal.
First of all, you should consider where you live. Depending on what environment you live in, certain contaminants won't show up as a problem unless you live in an area with very poor air quality.
You might not even know that there are contaminants in your drinking water unless you are taking a sample to a lab and having it analyzed. If you choose to install a countertop filter, which can be installed in any bathroom or kitchen sink, you will eliminate the need to purchase a separate system.
Water filters also come in a variety of different styles. There are faucet mount styles, which are usually attached directly to the pipes beneath the sink.
There are also handheld units that can be plugged into an outlet. They have the advantage of being more discreet than their cabinet-mounted counterparts, and you can choose one that best fits your lifestyle.
The type of filtration needed also comes into play when deciding which type of unit to choose. While considered the best kind of filtering technology, reverse osmosis only removes trace amounts of minerals and other pollutants from your water.
This is the ideal situation for people who live in extreme climates or are concerned about mineral deficiency in their water.
However, they also remove many essential nutrients, such as potassium, that are naturally present in water. Thus, you must choose a system that balances the mineral content with a carbon filter to get the best results.
The most popular type of filtration is carbon block. The water that leaves your faucet travels through a series of porous carbon blocks, which filter out large particles.
If you are looking for the healthiest water possible, choose a carbon block with an ion-exchange element. This type of filter not only traps dangerous lead but also makes the water taste better.
Carbon granular units work on reverse osmosis, eliminating minerals and heavy metals from the water.
Another option is distillation. This method uses hot distilled water to create vapor. It then condenses the water back to pure form.
Although it produces clean water, distillation is not recommended for drinking as it lacks the minerals found in natural spring water. It does not remove chemicals such as chlorine and sediments.
You can also choose ultra-filtration, which uses ultra-violet light to kill bacteria and disinfect the water. This method is best for potable water and may have disadvantages, such as removing trace minerals naturally found in groundwater.
Reverse osmosis systems pass water through a porous membrane, which traps dirt and other contaminants. If you want the cleanest water possible, use ultra-filtration.
Choosing Faucet water filters for the whole family should be a personal choice based on your family's specific needs. Your family's lifestyle, eating habits, and budget will all play a role in making your decision.
Although the cost of bottled water may seem daunting, if you compare the costs of tap water and the long-term costs of bottled water over a long period, it would be a wiser investment.
Which Way to Saving Buying a Faucet Water Filter At Home? – "Don't Buy Filtered Water Until You Read This!"
Which way to save buying a faucet water filter at home? I'll tell you the secret that I use. Like me, you use your refrigerator, freezer, microwave, and even washing machine quite frequently.
You may be surprised to learn that all of these appliances use some purification system. The problem is that our purification systems can get expensive. This is where buying a faucet filter at home can save you money.
So, which way to saving buying a faucet water filter at home? It would be best if you always were looking for a discount price on the products you use.
The big problem with most purifier companies is that they do not give the consumer any choice of purifier they purchase. With only one or two options, you have to get the most expensive model. There are some ways you can help yourself and still find the best faucet filter on the market.
I have personally found a couple of different websites that sell faucet filters at reasonable prices. They also sell other products such as washer dryers, washer lines, kitchen faucets, and other major appliances.
I was amazed when I found out there were websites that exclusively sell faucet filters. I now have a few items on order at a discount price. I cannot believe I got a good deal!
Which way to saving buying a faucet water filter at home? I recommend using discount websites. They offer much better pricing than retail stores, and you will likely find the same quality. You can even save money on shipping by shopping online. I know that when I ordered a faucet water filter at home, the shipping was free.
I know that the question "which way to save buying a faucet water filter" may seem pointless. But it gets me started thinking about all of the money we spend each year on bottled water.
I also like to see all of the technology used in these faucet filters. Every once in a while, I will notice something that makes me wonder if I have seen this already.
Some companies will bottle the water and sell it to us at a higher cost. Other companies will bottle the water and sell it to us at a lower price.
Which way is better? I believe that everyone should be concerned about their families' health. Our goal as consumers should be to save money where we can. When we can save money, we can use that money to help support better infrastructure in our towns and cities.
Let's look at some of the companies that provide "bottled" filtered water in more detail." First, there is Deer Park. They have some very attractive advertising and have an awesome website.
On the site, they boast about their "No chlorine" philosophy and claim that their purified water is better for you than your own. But, my question to you is, "What on Earth are you drinking?" When I used the water from these units, I had a terrible taste, my stomach was very irritated, and I ended up throwing away most of it.
The company offers "bulk purchase" pricing, which means you save money by only paying for the number of units you buy.
Which way to saving buying a faucet water filter at home? I would go with Purifoy. Do yourself a favor and do your homework before making a hasty purchase. Why choose a business you don't know anything about?
Filtering the tap water that comes out of your faucets with faucet water filters is an excellent way to do so. They work by using activated carbon or other filtration media (such as zinc, copper, and silver), which can remove many contaminants from the water you drink.
This is particularly helpful if you live in an area where heavy rain runoff contaminates groundwater supplies because it eliminates substances like pesticides and fertilizers that may be present in your drinking supply after they have run through agricultural fields before reaching groundwater sources.
Read more:
Top 6 Best faucet water filter: Good for Your Health 2021
Top 10 Best Kitchen Faucets: Reviews & Tips 2021
Top 9 Best Touchless Kitchen Faucet: Review in 2021


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Kim has made it clear that she wants more children. I mean she does come from a big family so naturally she would want a big family of her own right? However, it's not looking so easy for her..as her previous pregnancies with North & Saint came with some major complications.
With North, Kim suffered from a condition called placenta accreta that occurs when blood vessels and other portions of the placenta grow in or past the uterine wall, preventing it from properly detaching at the time of birth. The condition can cause premature delivery and other complications for the mother as well as the baby.
She also had some complications and major pain carrying Saint, and doctors advised for her safety and health to NOT get pregnant again as it would be VERY dangerous. So now she's got a problem right? How can she expand her family without being able to carry out a pregnancy?
Well, when you got that money many problems can be solved.
She of course asked her sister Khloe as we saw on KUWTK, but she politely declined as she kind of just got into a serious relationship with Tristan Thompson. Still, Kim was determined to figure out a way to have another baby. She said the experience she went through with the Paris robbery made her even more eager to expand her family for her children's sake.
"I'd just love nothing more than to expand my family and just know that I have this world at home that's safe," she said. "And if for some reason I left this earth sooner than I really wanted to, then my kids would have a support system at home so that I know that they would be okay if I wasn't there."
Now, according to TMZ the couple has found a surrogate through an agency and a deal has been made. The West's have agreed to cough up $45,000 in 10 monthly installments. If there is more than one child, the surrogate will receive an additional $5,000 for each. If there are any complications and the surrogate loses reproductive organs, she will receive $4,000. In addition, the couple will have to drop a $68,850 deposit with the agency.
According to TMZ, the agreement also prohibits the surrogate from participating in any activities that may harm the baby. She will also have to forego sexual intercourse for six weeks, three weeks before the pregnancy and three weeks following embryo implantation. In addition, the couple will "assume the legal and parental responsibilities for any child…that may possess any congenital or other abnormalities or defects," the agreement states.
PAUSE. Did you say $45k a month for 10 months?
I'm in the wrong business y'all. Celebrity surrogacy is where it's at!

subset: commoncrawl


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"And above all, watch with glittering eyes the world around you because the greatest secrets are always hidden in the most unlikely places. Those who don't believe in magic will never find it." – Robert Dahl, author of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
Between the rush of the city streets, the buzz of my overloaded app notifications, and the brain squeeze to memorize to-do's, grocery lists, and yoga sequences, I often forget to stop and smell the cinnamon fig lattes in my day-to-day life. Yet as the first shiver of fall made itself felt by the frigid air and the eye-opening changing of the leaves, I vowed to be more present to the alluring magic of autumn in New England. I cringed to think that another year would slip away without fully cherishing all the fall feels: sipping warm apple cider, baking cranberry pies, hosting fall parties with friends, and yes, spending Halloween in Salem.
Salem, Massachusetts is doubtlessly a top destination for Halloween, with up to 250,000 outsiders paying a visit for the holiday each year. The city is best known as the historic location of the Salem Witch Trials, the series of hunts between 1692-1693 in which over 200 individuals – mostly women – were accused of witchcraft. This resulted in the hanging of 19 "witches" on Gallows Hill – what has become a local park for schoolchildren today – and the death of another 5 accused "witches" in jail. This small line of our nation's colonial history has become a cautionary tale against religious extremism interfering with human rights to life in addition to its elevation of "witches" as a feminist symbol of women's power as rebels and healers.
Just a 30-minute train ride from Boston (unless of course a Red Sox parade dramatically delays transportation, as on this year's Halloween), Salem is a New English city with an old world, puritanical feel. As I stepped off the train in my pirate's hat and black tutu, I realized that I was grossly underdressed compared to the array of fully made-up Freddy's, Jason's, Michael Myers', and Hocus Pocus witches. Shivers ran down my spine as I meandered down Essex street, where men with megaphones screeched at costumed passerby's to stop our sinful behavior while waving their "Jesus" banners. Nearby, a white-cloaked Pope waved from his second-story window, and a plump Rapunzel teasingly tossed her strands of yarn through the screen of the adjacent room.
My bunny-eared travel companion and I meandered into a gift shop whose walls were lined with healing stones, chakra banners, "all natural" incense, and mood rings. "Haven't you always wanted to have your fortune told on Halloween in Salem?" she asked, raising her fur-lined ears. I told her I hadn't thought to add it to my bucket list. My mind played back my experience at a palm reader's shop in Yangon, where I was spooked by his wide-eyed remark, "You not meant to live in motherland!"
"Excuse me, how much for a reading?" My rabbit friend asked the blue-haired man behind the counter.
"$40 for 15 minutes, and you can find a list of our readers and their psychic abilities on the front wall," he said with a lipsticked grin, the rabbit crinkled her nose.
Unsatisfied, we walked on until we encountered a woman in a witch hat, who appeared to be a local. "$40 for 15 minutes, what scandal! These people all appear on Halloween claiming to be local witches, and they take these tourists' money without a micro-cauldron of remorse. So you want to see a real psychic? Keep walking down Essex Street until you find the Magic Parlor and ask for Stephanie."
"Excuse me, can we make an appointment with Stephanie?" The Hare happily asked the bearded man behind the counter of new age knick-knacks and eyes of newt at Magic Parlor.
The man smirked with amusement. "Stephanie wouldn't work on Halloween night. Why don't I set you up with another reader?"
We were swiftly directed to a dimly-lit room in the store's corner that was divided from the main shop by a maze of black fabric. Our reader, a short, curly-haired local, plainly dressed in a purple sweater peered at us from behind her black-rimmed glasses. She greeted us with a grin when she learned that we were the guests for her game. Beaming from across the cramped table, she explained her craft of "runes".
Displaying her black leather back filled with divining chips of wood from an Irish bog, she instructed my friend to sift her fingers through her gems as she posed a question. "My role is to interpret the signs from the universe. I don't predict specific events in your future," she continued with a cackle, and plastering a second smile, "and I don't reveal doom. I believe that humans generally have a choice in their destiny. The universe simply has opinions to consider."
20 minutes later, after the Hare's Magic 8 Ball-esque Q&A session with the runes, it was my turn to sift the chips. "Where in the world am I meant to live?" I asked with a glimmer in my eyes.
"Where do you want to live," said the psychic, raising one eyebrow.
"Um… I don't know…" I hesitated.
"You know," said the Hare, scrunching her nose.
"Well… Paris?" I replied with uncertainty.
The psychic looked satisfied and rolled her chips. "Ahhh," she said cheerily peering at the array of symbols. "I think you'll live in Paris one day… but it won't be easy. These two chips indicate that it will involve a process or transformation and turbulence. Probably after a breakup."
I widened my eyes, horrified and asked again with a squeak, "Will my boyfriend and I break up?"
She let the chips fly, and stated knowingly, "This is the oxen. It indicates it will be an uphill battle. And this symbol says he's got baggage. Secrets that have yet to be revealed. This symbol indicates the gods have spoken. That's all I can say."
The Hare left glowing from her sunny destiny, and I gloomily walked alongside her unnerved and unsatisfied. Questions eroded my mind as the crowds of ghosts and goblins began to densely line the streets to an impassable halt. What secrets? What does she know? Was she really a witch?
I had come to Salem to open my eyes to the world's magic, and instead I had been misled by a sweatered psychic who had promised that she wouldn't reveal impending doom. My reading felt like a death sentence, and I suddenly felt solidarity with the city's history.
At once, I recalled our psychic's opening statement: I believe that humans have a choice in their destiny, the universe simply has opinions.
Maybe I hadn't actually been sentenced to a life as a divorced femme à chats, nor a hanging at the Gallows. The psychic simply brought to light the obvious: relationships take sacrifice. I could be empowered with the choice to run away to Paris, but it would be at the expense of my happy life here with my boyfriend in Boston. And based on my unshakeable sense of doom at the thought of trading my loving boyfriend for a life of endless baguettes, Paris is not in my cards at the moment.
Gazing through the crowded haze of the darkened New England horizon from my coach of costumed characters on our train ride home, my eyes peeled open to cartoonish beauty of the moment. This was exactly where I wanted to be – not in the depths of my head, nor in the fluff of high clouds, nor on the beaming sunlight of a Paris summer. I wanted only to be exactly where I was, in pirate hat and tutu, waiting patiently for our train to meet my prince's carriage of an electric car at North End Station.


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Talking Points:
- Trend Strategies can use a 200-period MA filter
- Range Strategies can use the ADX
- All other strategies can use the SSI filter
Inside DailyFX's Forex Fast-Track Webinar Series, our 3rd webinar walks through creating a simple strategy using a strength oscillator, support/resistance levels, a positive risk:reward ratio, and a risk calculator. This lesson normally concludes with a slew of questions from traders trying to find a greater edge by combining together more tools than the ones provided, which is fine. It's great to experiment and test different ideas.
The problem I've seen, however, is many traders attempt to use tools without fully knowing what the tools' strengths and weaknesses are; oftentimes grouping similar indicators together or missing out on an important subset of tools that might be worth considering. So today I break down 3 tools known as "filters" that can be used on various types of strategies.
Filtering a Trend Trading Strategy
We've all heard the saying, "the trend is your friend" or "trade the path of least resistance." These phrases are used by traders that want to trade in the same direction as the overall trend. But what if we have a difficult time locating the trend? What do we do if we are uncertain about our direction bias?
An excellent tool to add to a trend-based strategy is the 200-period Simple Moving Average. By averaging the closing price over the last 200 bars, we can see if the current price action is above or below the average.
Learn Forex: The 200-Period Simple Moving Average
(Created by Rob Pasche)
Anytime we see price above the 200-period moving average line, we should look for buying opportunities. Anytime we see price below the moving average line, we should look for selling opportunities. This ensures we are trading in the same direction as the prevailing trend.
We can also take note of the strength of an existing trend by how far price has moved away from the 200-period MA. The further the price is away from the average, the stronger the trend. This can be seen in the chart above. A strong downtrend followed by a more tame uptrend.
Filtering a Range Trading Strategy
With the current drop in Forex volatility, many traders have migrated over to using range-bound strategies. A range strategy attempts to buy low and sell high when price is moving primarily sideways. The only problem is that sometimes market dynamics can change, turning ranging pairs into pairs that may begin trending.
To mitigate range trading during these transition times, we can use a technical indicator called the Average Directional Index or ADX. The ADX is not a direction filter. It is a filter that tells us if a currency pair is currently in a trend our not. The higher the ADX, the stronger the trend is either up or down. The lower the ADX, the more the currency pair has been moving sideways.
The chart below shows a period of time where price was trending and later changed to ranging. The key level for ADX is 25. Whenever the ADX is below 25, we should focus on trading range bound strategies. Any reading above 25 is not as suitable for range trading, and could actually be suitable for trend trading if ADX moves high enough.
Learn Forex: Range Bound when ADX is Under 25
By eliminating our range trades when ADX is above 25, we have a better chance at turning a profit.
Filtering Any Other Strategy
The final filter on my list is the versatile Speculative Sentiment Index, or SSI. The SSI tells us a ratio of buyers and sellers of each major pair. We want to use the SSI by looking for trading opportunities opposite of the retail trading crowd. So when most people are buying, we should mostly be looking to sell, and vice versa.
For more information on using the SSI, read My Favorite Trader Tool, How to Use the SSI.
Learn Forex: Chart Displaying Inverse Relationship Between Price and SSI
(Copied from My Favorite Trader Tool, How to Use the SSI)
Fine Tuning With Filters
Hopefully this article has given you ideas on ways to improve your own strategy, whether you are trading trends, ranges, or something entirely different. If you would like to test any of these filters risk-free, download a Free Demo account today with free charts and real-time pricing data.
Good trading!
---Written by Rob Pasche
Interested In Our Analyst's Best Views On Major Markets? Check Out Our Free Trading Guides Here


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Product placement these days…
~ Roll mouse over photo to Derobe ~
Photo courtesy of www.egotastic.com
Jessica Biel loses interest in Justin Timberlake after reportedly hooking up with Ronald McDonald in a posh LA nightclub. Jessica neglected to comment, however, here at Derober, the phrase 'sleeping your way to the top' popped into our minds. But who better to do it with than the Mac himself.


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- Create a killer public media plan
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- Look along the sidebar in the WordPress Dashboard for "Pages" -> "Add New"
- Tracfone Releases iPhone 5S (available form Target)
- You want to backup your iPod content to a newly bought computer
- Create secure passwords
- New Facebook page format
- 7 Things Not Owned iPhone 5
It has a large number of other known uses. A hemp crop requires half water alfalfa uses and can be produced without the heavy use of pesticides. Farmers worldwide grow hemp commercially for fibers, seed, and oil for use in a variety of consumer and commercial products. AMERICA is the only developed nation that fails to cultivate commercial hemp as an financial crop on a large scale, based on the Congressional Resource Service. However, with quickly changing laws and more states gravitating towards commercial hemp and moving an industrial hemp bill, that could change.
Currently, nearly all hemp sold in the United States is imported from China and Canada, the world's largest exporters of the commercial hemp crop. To see Hemp, Inc.'s video just published entitled, "THE BIGGEST Hemp Mill in the Western Hemisphere is Now Online — It's Alive", click here. Hemp is totally different from cannabis in its function, application and cultivation.
In cultivating marijuana, the plants aside are spaced much, and the male plants are ruined to assure that they cannot seed the feminine plants, which would result in undesirable, less potent and less marketable, seeded weed buds. Hemp, on the other hand, is planted close together and commonly hermaphrodites, which creates an abundance of seeds, the primary element of Hemp foods and supplements.


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This release is a major implementation change from the prior edition. I used to just stream out the nodes / edges. Now an entire graph model is maintained in the instance of GraphViz. This is mostly done as preparation for my next move where I will then get the edge / node placement information from GraphViz and then load up the graph model objects with the preferred position and size. This will enable me to draw the resultant graph using Connectors (at least will work for small graphs).
I also made major changes to the way I structured my generator class so it should be relatively easy to implement three template methods to create new generators for Mac or Unix.
Lastly, I fixed a defect with the hierarchical sample (see class side GraphViz) and I made a more sophisticated example showing the history of the Smalltalk language.
More will come as I get to it (to generate the Connectors diagram and to implement cross-platform generators).


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Sometimes you're short on time and just need an outfit that requires no thought but still looks great...okay.. maybe it's more than sometimes that you need this sort of look, I know I do.. This outfit is ideal for when you're running around getting things checked off your to-do list and you need something that is on the more comfortable side but don't want to look like you just rolled out of bed.The loose top and skinnies are staples that most everyone has and provide the perfect background for the accessories in this look! Set this classic look off with a great statement bag and comfortable sandals and you're almost ready to go...round it off with a great pair of gold hoops to frame your face and a dainty bracelet to add just a bit of sparkle without going over the top. Now you're ready to take on the day all while remaining comfortable and chic!
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text:
Instagram drama queen, Bobrisky has revealed the only criteria his lovers will have to meet my if they want to see his butts.
Bobrisky some days ago got tongues wagging when he shared a sultry video of
himself dressed in a bikini as he flaunted all his ass.
However, fans who were excited at what they were seeing flooded his timeline with
some sweet messages though some asked him to give them a pose that will
reveal all his endowment in the video.
Bobrisky has now given them an hint on what will make him yield to their reply as
he noted that he can only show them his ass if his account were to be credited with money.
The drama queen noted that he would be glad to off his pants if he's given money
and they will be able to see all his endowment.
He posted:
Bobrisky has been giving his fans and followers some hot sauce despite that he's been home due to the lockdown order.
However, with Bobrisky known for his flashy lifestyle on social media, its left to
see the amount that will him unveil his body to potential fans and followers.
Bobrisky had earlier thanked his surgeon who did a great job on his butts which he has been flaunting on social media.
Having thanked his surgeon, the controversial celebrity some days also
noted that she will be giving out some gifts to the less priveledge who are unable to cope with the lockdown order.
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When we talk about a house then there is no house in the world which can be built without a kitchen because food is necessary for the survival of human.
Category: Art and Design
Reasons to hire an office interior designerReasons to hire an office interior designer
If you are willing to start your own office or if you are already running one of it then you should definitely focus on its interior. This is because the


text:
Tentative identification of novel
oxycodone metabolites in human urine
Moore KA, Ramcharitar V, Levine B, Fowler D.
Office of the Chief Medical Examiner,
State of Maryland, 111 Penn Street,
Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1020, USA.
J Anal Toxicol. 2003 Sep;27(6):346-52.
ABSTRACTOxycodone is a semisynthetic codeine derivative that has been used both as an analgesic and antitussive. In the mid 1990s, OxyContin was introduced as a slow-release formulation of oxycodone for use in patients with moderate to severe chronic pain from such ailments as arthritis, vertebral disc disease, and cancer. Doctors wrote 6.9 million prescriptions for OxyContin from May 2000 through May 2001. Thus, it is no surprise that hospitals and medical examiners' offices across the country have seen an increasing number of admissions and deaths resulting from oxycodone abuse and overdose. The laboratory identifies oxycodone as part of its routine abused and therapeutic drug-testing procedures. Routine gas chromatographic analysis of bile or urine in many of these cases revealed unidentified peaks in the region of oxycodone that appeared to be oxycodone metabolites. In humans, the only documented metabolites of oxycodone are oxymorphone and N-desmethyloxycodone (noroxycodone). This study attempts to characterize these compounds as "presumptive" metabolites based on circumstantial evidence from known metabolic pathways of oxycodone in other species, as well as of other opiates and narcotic analgesics.Pain
OxyCon Game
Zero tolerance?
Oxytrex (PTI-801)
The Oxycontin Doctor
Long-term oxycodone
Oxycodone: metabolism
Oxycodone plus sertraline
Morphine versus oxycodone
Tramadol versus oxycodone
Oxycodone: subjective effects
OxyContin: politics and science
OxyContin: prescribing indications
'Santa' robs pharmacy of Oxycontin
Oxycodone: controlled- v immediate-release
Oxycodone (Percodan, Oxycontin) : structure
and further reading
Future Opioids
BLTC Research
Utopian Surgery?
The Abolitionist Project
The Hedonistic Imperative
The Reproductive Revolution
Critique of Huxley's Brave New World
The Good Drug Guide
The Responsible Parent's Guide
To Healthy Mood Boosters For All The Family


text:
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text:
- Research article
- Open access
- Published:
B cell repopulation kinetics after rituximab treatment in ANCA-associated vasculitides compared to rheumatoid arthritis, and connective tissue diseases: a longitudinal observational study on 120 patients
Arthritis Research & Therapy volume 19, Article number: 101 (2017)
B cell depletion with rituximab (RTX) is approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV). Recently, RTX has been shown to be effective in AAV maintenance therapy, but an optimal RTX treatment schedule is unknown and the time to B cell repopulation after RTX has not been studied.
Retrospective single-center analysis of B cell repopulation in patients with AAV, RA or connective tissue disease (CTD) treated with RTX.
Beginning B cell repopulation within the first year after RTX treatment was observed in 93% of RA and 88% of CTD patients. Only 10% of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and no patient with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) showed B cell repopulation within this time. Median time of B cell depletion was 26 months in GPA/MPA, and 21 months in EGPA compared to 9 months in RA, and 8 months in CTD (p < 0.0001). In 25 AAV-patients B cell depletion lasted for at least 44 months. There was a significant decline in serum immunoglobulin concentrations in GPA/MPA patients, but not in patients with RA or CTD. Significantly more GPA/MPA patients developed hygogammaglobulinemia (IgG <7 g/L) compared to patients with RA or CTD.
In contrast to RA and CTD, in AAV RTX induces long-lasting depletion of B cells that is associated with decreased antibody production. This observation points toward potential defects in the B cell compartment in AAV that are unmasked by immunosuppressive treatment and has important implications for the design of maintenance treatment schedules using RTX.
B lymphocytes are central to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by production of autoantibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines. B cells are also crucial to the maintenance of a proper immune defense by antigen presentation and generation of protective antibodies. B cell targeting with rituximab (RTX) depletes all CD20-carrying B cell subpopulations but does not affect bone marrow B cell precursors and antibody-producing plasma cells as these cells are devoid of surface CD20 expression. Replenishment of the peripheral B cell compartment arising from RTX-resistant early B cell precursors and persistent production of protecting antibodies by long-lived plasma cells make RTX a relatively safe treatment. Indeed, it has been reported that B cell repopulation starts with transitional B cells 6 to 9 months after RTX treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [1] and most studies do not describe a clinically relevant decrease in immunoglobulin concentrations [2,3,4,5]. In connective tissue diseases (CTD) B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production are often increased and a rapid repopulation after RTX treatment has been reported [6]. Rituximab is approved for the treatment of RA and recently for induction therapy of ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV). As AAV are frequently relapsing diseases and maintenance treatment is challenging, repeated RTX infusions are increasingly used as maintenance treatment [7]. Importantly, in AAV the widely used 6-monthly RTX-infusion intervals are based on data obtained in RA patients, but without clinical studies supporting this schedule in AAV. We observed a clinically relevant decline in serum immunoglobulin concentrations in AAV patients treated with RTX [8] indicating a less robust B cell compartment in AAV and monitoring of immunoglobulins is now part of the EULAR guidelines for RTX-treated AAV [9]. Furthermore, we recently described that in some AAV patients B cell repopulation can be delayed or completely absent even years after RTX treatment [10]. Here, we compare kinetics of B cell repopulation after RTX treatment in AAV, RA, and connective tissue diseases. Our results have implications on the design of RTX-retreatment schedules in AAV and other autoimmune diseases.
The study is a single-center retrospective analysis of patients attending the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology at the University Medical Center Freiburg. Inclusion criteria to the study were: RTX treatment and a follow-up of at least 12 months. All patients of AAV, RA, and CTD patient cohorts at the University Medical Center Freiburg were screened and included into the study if they met the inclusion criteria. One hundred twenty patients were enrolled and monitored 3-monthly. Sixty-six patients had a diagnosis of AAV with 55 patients classified as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and 11 patients classified as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) according to current criteria [11, 12]. Patients were compared to 35 RA and 19 CTD patients. Peripheral B cell counts were measured using a whole blood staining by flow cytometry with a FACS Canto II (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) and PE-Cy7-conjugated anti-CD19 (clone: J3.119; Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). Results were expressed both as absolute cell counts and relative percentages. B cell depletion was defined as peripheral CD19+ B cells ≤ 1/μl or ≤ 0.1% of total lymphocytes. Incomplete B cell repopulation was defined as a peripheral B cell count between 5 and 69 B cells/μl and > 0.5% B lymphocytes. Complete B cell repopulation was defined as >70 B cells/μl. A timely B cell repopulation was defined by occurrence of peripheral B cells within 12 months. For assessing the time of B cell depletion we used the time from RTX administration till: (a) the last time point of B cell measurement with ≤5 B cells/μl and B cells ≤0.5% (no further measurements or repopulation at the time point of the next B cell measurement) or (b) the time point of RTX re-treatment and no prior repopulation of B cells. Thus, patients re-treated with RTX because of recurring disease activity were censored at the time of re-treatment and if B cells were still < 5/μl the time until re-treatment was regarded as the time of B cell depletion. Statistics were done using GraphPad Prism 5 (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA) and two-sided chi-square test, Wilcoxon analysis and Student's t test. Data are reported in median and interquartile range (IQR) if not stated otherwise. The log rank test and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze for a potential correlation of cyclophosphamide sum dose and time of B cell depletion.
Patients' characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Cumulative doses of prior cyclophosphamide (CYC) treatment were higher in patients with AAV or CTD than in RA patients, but not different between patients with AAV and CTD. The percentage of patients that were treated with a concomitant immunosuppressive therapy in addition to RTX was not different between the groups. While GPA and EGPA patients were treated with higher glucocorticoid dosage before RTX administration compared to RA patients, there was no difference in glucocorticoid dosage between GPA/EGPA and CTD patients, and RA and CTD patients. Furthermore, 6 months after rituximab treatment, mean glucocorticoid dosage was below 10 mg/d for all patient groups (RA 5.6 mg/d, GPA 6.4 mg/d, CTD 7.2 mg/d), except for EGPA (11.5 mg/d) and the cumulative glucocorticoid dosage was not different between GPA/MPA, RA, and CTD patients. Only EGPA patients had higher prednisone sum doses.
All patients with RA or CTD showed a B cell repopulation within the total observation period compared to only 33 AAV patients (50%) (p < 0.0001). B cell repopulation within the first 12 months after RTX therapy was observed in 93% of RA patients and 88% of CTD patients compared to only 10% in GPA and 0% in EGPA patients (p < 0.0001) (Fig. 1a). B cell repopulation was not only delayed but also incomplete in most AAV patients compared to patients with RA or CTD. Only five AAV patients (7.5%) reached normal B cell numbers at a median of 17 months (IQR 14–20) after RTX (data not shown). Regarding the kinetics of B cell repopulation the median time of persistent depletion was 26 months in GPA/MPA and 21 months in EGPA compared to 9 months in RA and 8 months in CTD (p < 0.0001) (Fig. 1b). After a first single RTX treatment consisting either of four infusions in weekly intervals or two infusions of 1 g within 2 weeks, B cell depletion persisted for more than 24 months in 25 AAV patients (38%) (mean time of depletion 44 months +3.668 SEM). In the longest available follow-up, persisting B cell depletion after one RTX treatment cycle was observed for more than 5 years in six AAV patients and in one patient for even 8 years after RTX. No correlation was found between CYC sum dose and time of B cell depletion in AAV patients (r = 0.08864, p = 0.5199). In four (36%) of the 11 AAV patients without any CYC treatment B cell depletion time was severely prolonged with a range from 17 to 62 months. As mentioned, the percentage of patients that were treated with a concomitant immunosuppressive therapy was not different between the groups, but before and after administration of RTX azathioprine (AZA) and methotrexate (MTX) were the most commonly used immunosuppressive drugs in GPA and EGPA, while it was azathioprine (AZA) and mycophenolate (MMF) in CTD, and MTX, sulfasalazine (SSZ) and leflunomide (LEF) in RA. Neither maintenance therapy with MTX, nor with MMF, SSZ, or LEF prolonged the time of B cell depletion in the different patient groups. Furthermore, cumulative MTX, LEF, and MMF dosages after RTX were not different between the patient groups (Table 1). B cell depletion was significantly longer in AAV patients treated with AZA (21 months, IQR 13.5–64.25) as concomitant therapy compared to those treated with other immunosuppressants (15.5 months, IQR 11–26.75) (p = 0.0485). Interestingly, in CTD patients the use of AZA did not increase the time of B cell depletion. Furthermore, the cumulative AZA dosage after RTX was not different between AAV and CTD patients.
Forty-four patients with GPA/MPA and eight patients with EGPA received a second course of RTX because of relapse or as maintenance therapy. In AAV patients that required retreatment with RTX the latency between first and second RTX administration was 25 months (mean; ± 2.8 months). There was no difference in time to repopulation between the first and the second RTX cycle (Fig. 1c). Immunoglobulin production was affected by RTX treatment with a significant decline in immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA and IgM serum concentrations in GPA/MPA patients, but not in patients with RA or CTD (Fig. 2a and c). Hypogammaglobulinemia with IgG below the normal limit was significantly more frequent in GPA/MPA and EGPA compared to RA and CTD (Fig. 2b and d). Seven patients (10.6%) with AAV required immunoglobulin replacement therapy at least once during follow-up. GPA/MPA patients with a long-lasting B cell depletion (>24 months) were more likely to develop hypogammaglobulinemia than GPA/MPA patients with B cell depletion time of up to 12 months (30% vs. 0%, p < 0.0001).
B cell depletion is effective in many autoimmune diseases. When B cell-targeted therapy is discontinued the effect wears off [13, 14] and therefore 6-monthly re-treatment schedules are common clinical practice. B cell repopulation kinetics are of crucial importance for the design of rituximab re-treatment schedules, but have to date not been systematically compared in different autoimmune diseases. Our study demonstrates for the first time the highly divergent B cell repopulation kinetics in ANCA-associated vasculitides compared to rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue diseases. Based on data in RA patients [1] a timely start of B cell repopulation is expected within the first 9 to 12 months after RTX treatment. We observed a starting B cell repopulation within the first year after RTX therapy in 93% of RA patients and 88% of the CTD patients compared to only 10% in GPA/MPA and 0% in EGPA. While all in all data on repopulation kinetics after administration of RTX are scarce in patients with autoimmune disease, some studies reported on patients with prolonged B cell depletion, but the frequency of these patients was low [15, 16, 13, 17]. A publication by Jones et al. [13] reported a repopulation of peripheral B cells 11 months after RTX treatment in only about 50% of the patients. Unfortunately, the lack of a consensus for the definition of depletion and especially repopulation complicates the interpretation of the existing data. A further confounder regarding B cell repopulation after RTX are different concomitant or prior immunosuppressive therapies in the patients groups. CYC can effectively deplete B cells, but we found no correlation between CYC sum dose and the time of B cell depletion. Furthermore, a severely prolonged B cell depletion was also observed in AAV patients never treated with CYC before. B cell numbers after RTX treatment were assessed in a large, randomized trial of RTX in RA patients. In this study patients were treated with RTX as monotherapy or in combination with MTX or cyclophosphamide. A small subset of patients in this study showed a prolonged B cell depletion at week 104. Of interest, patients with a prolonged B cell depletion were either treated with RTX monotherapy of RTX/MTX but not RTX/CYC [18]. We found no hints that concomitant immunosuppressive therapy with MTX, MMF, and glucocorticoids affected the time to repopulation in our patients. Interestingly, in AZA-treated patients time to repopulation was prolonged in AAV patients, but not in patients with CTD (while the cumulative AZA dosage after RTX was not different between AAV and CTD patients). Different studies have shown a profound effect of azathioprine on the lymphoid cell lineage [19, 20]. Azathioprine is known for potential myelotoxicity, and variabilities in inter-individual or inter-diseases thiopurine metabolism may influence myelotoxicity. Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT), inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA), or NUDT15 gene variants may influence the effect of AZA on B cell precursor cells in the bone marrow of AAV patients [21]. As AZA prolonged B cell depletion time only in AAV patients but not in patients with CTD, it is unlikely that AZA-related myelotoxicity is a general mechanism leading to prolonged B cell depletion time. Furthermore, even among the AAV patients, there were patients with long-term B cell depletion that never received AZA. Therefore, AZA is probably a contributing factor slowing B cell repopulation down, but very likely not the main reason for the long-term B cell depletion in AAV patients. As the patients of this study were from a single center in southern Germany and of predominantly Caucasian origin, a specific genetic background leading to alterations in stromal cells or B cell progenitors that are unmasked by B cell depletion are potential reasons for our observation of a prolonged B cell depletion in AAV. The prolonged B cell depletion time in AAV is of clinical importance as the frequency of newly developed hypogammaglobulinemia - even after only one course of RTX treatment - was significantly higher in AAV patients compared to patients with RA or CTD. Thus, especially in AAV serum Ig concentrations should be monitored closely during follow-up. Our data suggest, that the influence of rituximab on the B cell compartment differs greatly between AAV and other autoimmune diseases. This has to be taken into account when designing RTX re-treatment schedules.
B cell repopulation kinetics after rituximab treatment differ significantly between patients with rheumatoid arthritis, connective tissue diseases, and ANCA-associated vasculitides. In AAV RTX induces a very long-lasting depletion of B cells, pointing toward an altered B cell maturation capacity in this disease. Our observation is of immediate clinical importance, as it affects the tailoring of RTX re-treatment schedules. Furthermore, as the prolonged B cell depletion leads to decreased antibody production, regular measurements of serum immunoglobulin concentrations after RTX treatment are indicated in AAV.
ANCA-associated vasculitides
Connective tissue disease
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
- Ig:
Interquartile range
Mycophenolate mofetil
Microscopic polyangiitis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Roll P, Palanichamy A, Kneitz C, Dorner T, Tony H-P. Regeneration of B cell subsets after transient B cell depletion using anti-CD20 antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(8):2377–86.
Popa C, Leandro MJ, Cambridge G, Edwards JCW. Repeated B lymphocyte depletion with rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis over 7 yrs Rheumatology. 2007;46(4):626–30.
van Vollenhoven RF, Emery P, Bingham CO, Keystone EC, Fleischmann R, Furst DE, et al. Long-term safety of patients receiving rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(3):558–67.
Keogh KA, Ytterberg SR, Fervenza FC, Carlson KA, Schroeder DR, Specks U. Rituximab for refractory Wegener's granulomatosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(2):180–7.
Holle JU, Dubrau C, Herlyn K, Heller M, Ambrosch P, Noelle B, et al. Rituximab for refractory granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis): comparison of efficacy in granulomatous versus vasculitic manifestations. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(3):327–33.
Albert D, Dunham J, Khan S, Stansberry J, Kolasinski S, Tsai D, et al. Variability in the biological response to anti-CD20 B cell depletion in systemic lupus erythaematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(12):1724–31.
Pagnoux C, Guillevin L. French Vasculitis Study G, investigators M. Rituximab or azathioprine maintenance in ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(4):386–7.
Venhoff N, Effelsberg NM, Salzer U, Warnatz K, Peter HH, Lebrecht D, et al. Impact of rituximab on immunoglobulin concentrations and B cell numbers after cyclophosphamide treatment in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitides. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37626.
Yates M, Watts RA, Bajema IM, Cid MC, Crestani B, Hauser T, et al. EULAR/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;23:2016;75(9):1583–94.
Venhoff N, Niessen L, Kreuzaler M, Rolink AG, Hässler F, Rizzi M, et al. Reconstitution of the peripheral B lymphocyte compartment in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitides treated with rituximab for relapsing or refractory disease. Autoimmunity. 2014;47(6):401–8.
Masi AT, Hunder GG, Lie JT, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Arend WP, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis). Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33(8):1094–100.
Leavitt RY, Fauci AS, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Hunder GG, Arend WP, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Wegener's granulomatosis. 1990; 33(8):1101–7.
Jones RB, Ferraro AJ, Chaudhry AN, Brogan P, Salama AD, Smith KGC, et al. A multicenter survey of rituximab therapy for refractory antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(7):2156–68.
Smith RM, Jones RB, Jayne DR. Progress in treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14(2):210.
Smith RM, Jones RB, Guerry MJ, Laurino S, Catapano F, Chaudhry A, et al. Rituximab for remission maintenance in relapsing antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(11):3760–9.
Smith KG, Jones RB, Burns SM, Jayne DR. Long-term comparison of rituximab treatment for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis: remission, relapse, and re-treatment. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(9):2970–82.
Tamura N, Matsudaira R, Hirashima M, Ikeda M, Tajima M, Nawata M, et al. Two cases of refractory Wegener's granulomatosis successfully treated with rituximab. Intern Med. 2007;46(7):409–14.
Breedveld F, Agarwal S, Yin M, Ren S, Li NF, Shaw TM, et al. Rituximab pharmacokinetics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: B-cell levels do not correlate with clinical response. J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;47(9):1119–28.
Vögelin M, Biedermann L, Frei P, Vavricka SR, Scharl S, Zeitz J, et al. The impact of azazioprine-associated lymphopenia on the onset of opportunistic infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One. 2016;11(5):e0155218. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155218.
Al Rifai A, Prasad N, Shuttleworth E, McBurney H, Pushpakom S, Robinson A, et al. Natural history of azathioprine-associated lymphopenia in inflammatory bowel disease patients: a prospective observational study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;23(2):153–8.
Roberts RL, Barclay ML. Update on thiopurine pharmacogenetics in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacogenomics. 2015;16(8):891–903.
The authors thank Inge Wünsche for the continuous support.
This study was supported by an unrestricted grant from medac GmbH, Theaterstraße 6, 22880 Wedel, Germany and by the German Research Foundation (DFG), TRR 130 project 12 to REV. RL was funded by CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia/DF 70040-020, (2610/13-2). The article processing charge was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the University of Freiburg in the funding program Open Access Publishing.
Availability of data and materials
Not applicable
Authors' contributions
NV designed the study, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. JT analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. MR, ME, A-KD, AT, RL, and REV collected data and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Competing interests
Nils Venhoff, Jens Thiel, Marta Rizzi and Reinhard Voll received consultancies and speaking fees of less than 10,000 $/year from Roche.
Consent for publication
Consent for publication was obtained from all patients.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
The study is a single-center retrospective analysis that was approved by the ethics committee of Freiburg University File No. 191/11, 46/04. Patients included attended the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology at the University Medical Center Freiburg. Written informed consent according to the declaration of Helsinki was obtained from all patients.
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Thiel, J., Rizzi, M., Engesser, M. et al. B cell repopulation kinetics after rituximab treatment in ANCA-associated vasculitides compared to rheumatoid arthritis, and connective tissue diseases: a longitudinal observational study on 120 patients. Arthritis Res Ther 19, 101 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-017-1306-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-017-1306-0


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Biochemical Bottom Lines presents the basic concepts covered in one-semester biochemistry courses, without all of the extraneous details found in most texts. It is a concise and manageable presentation of the basic biochemical principles together with problem-solving and review tools that keeps students focused on the essential concepts they need to learn. In the one-semester biochemistry course, most students feel overwhelmed by the amount of material covered in lectures and the task of identifying exactly what they should take with them upon completion of the course; therefore, Hardin's Biochemical Bottom Lines extracts and presents the essential core concepts imbedded in a typical biochemistry textbook and explains them in a variety of contexts, so students are more likely to gain a conceptual understanding of the processes of biochemistry. Biochemical Bottom Lines serves as an excellent background for those students that go on to take more advanced or more in-depth biochemistry courses. To further reinforce core concepts, the last 40% of the book is devoted to a set of review questions and practice tests.The text is divided into 30 chapters and designed to be assigned as supplement to the main text in the course, however it can be used as a stand alone text.
This item is Non-Returnable
- Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
- Publish Date: June 2012
- Dimensions: 10.9 x 8.4 x 0.6 inches
- Shipping Weight: 1.85 pounds
- Page Count: 336
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DES MOINES, Wash. — It's a piece of history captured by a KIRO 7 camera in 1984.
Now decades later, thanks to an email, one local woman is reliving the moment she met her family for the first time.
Tiffani Melake, 34, wrote to KIRO 7 last week, saying she needed help tracking down a news story we did on her arrival as a baby to her adopted family in Western Washington back in 1984.
KIRO 7 worked with the Univeristy of Washington's Library Special Collections and a curator found the video and we contacted Melake.
On Thursday, she sat down and showed her family the video she thought had been lost many years ago.
"It's a moment for me that I thought was gone," said Melake. "It really means the world to me to share this with my family."
UW's moving image curator, Hannah Palin, said a day like this makes her job very special.
"It gives me chills because it validates what we do and it also helps Melake tie back to her history as well," said Palin.
Melake's story just one of many archived in the KIRO 7's collection kept in the UW's vault. There are more than 15,000 videotapes dating back to the 1970s.
Melake's parents still live in Western Washington and she plans to surprise them with this footage.
"It's something that we get to keep forever," said Melake. "It's huge and I am so thankful."
More news from KIRO 7
- Dick's Drive-In location listed for possible Sound Transit removal, KC Council takes action
- Detectives: 3 found dead in Sammamish murder-suicide
- Flight attendants accused of smuggling millions of dollars of heroin, meth on flights
- 'To Catch a Predator' host Chris Hansen arrested for bouncing checks
- Do you have an investigative story tip? Send us an email at firstname.lastname@example.com
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3 Shares Set to Beat the FTSE Today
LONDON -- The FTSE 100 (INDEX: ^FTSE) fell a few points in morning trading but gained in the early afternoon to stand at 5,795 points at the time of writing, up 12 points. In general, after the recent positive moves from the eurozone, markets in the U.K. and Europe seem happy to enjoy a relatively calm spell.
But there are plenty of individual companies in the various indexes that are beating the FTSE. Here are three on the up today...
Premier Farnell (ISE: PFL.L)
Premier Farnell shot up 10% to 189 pence this morning, despite the electronics distribution company announcing that pre-tax profit for the first half of the year has plummeted by 51% to 31.8 million pounds.
What appears to have enthused the company's watchers is news of an apparent upturn in second-half performance. According to chief executive Laurence Bain, "In August we were encouraged by the return to year-on-year growth of 0.4%."
The interim dividend was held at 4.4 pence per share, with full-year forecasts suggesting a 5.5% yield.
Dunelm (ISE: DNLM.L)
Dunelm Group brought some action to a currently sluggish retail sector in the form of a 15% boost to pre-tax profits for the year ending June 2012, which was enough to push the shares up 4.8% to 655 pence.
The out-of-town household soft-furnishing retailer saw revenue increase by 12% to 603.7 million pounds, from which it made a pre-tax profit of 96.2 million pounds. That translated to a 19.8% increase in earnings per share, and the firm was confident enough to lift its dividend by 21.7% to 14 pence per share, which was higher than forecasts.
Kier (ISE: KIE.L)
Kier Group enjoyed a modest 2.4% rise to 1,377 pence on the release of pleasing annual results. Despite a fall in revenue for the construction firm, underlying pre-tax profit for the year to June rose by 2% to 70 million pounds, with underlying EPS up 6% to 156.8 pence. The full-year dividend was lifted by 3% to 66 pence as a result for a 4.8% yield.
The shares have had a volatile ride this year, falling from 1,489 pence in February to a low of 1,095 pence by April. But we've seen a steady recovery since then, and the shares are on a price-to-earnings ratio of less than nine based on today's underlying earnings figure. That does not look overstretched.
If the uncertainty and volatility of the construction business scares you, investing in safe, dividend-paying shares the Neil Woodford way is a good alternative. The free Motley Fool report "8 Shares Held By Britain's Super Investor" takes a look at some of the legendary investor's major holdings. Click here to get your free copy while it's still available.
Or If you prefer the oil and gas sector as a place for your cash, the latest Motley Fool report, "How To Unearth Great Oil & Gas Shares," is just for you. It's free for a limited time, soclick hereto get your personal copy.
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The article 3 Shares Set to Beat the FTSE Today originally appeared on Fool.com.
Alan does not own any shares mentioned in this article. The Motley Fool has adisclosure policy. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe thatconsidering a diverse range of insightsmakes us better investors. Try any of our Foolish newsletter servicesfree for 30 days.
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Jennifer Lopez has triggered speculation that she has rekindled her romance with ex-boyfriend Casper Smart after the duo were seen together three times in a week. The former couple are evidently still on good terms and have spent an increasing amount of time together in recent weeks.
On Tuesday the former couple were seen arriving at LAX airport together to board a flight. Both Jennifer and Casper were dressed down wearing joggers, baseball caps and sunglasses.
Jennifer and her 27-year-old ex were also spotted dancing together at Big Sean's Roc Nation event on Saturday. They were among a score of famous faces at the event including Justin Bieber, Demi Lovato, Chris Brown and Kendall and Kylie Jenner.
Jennifer Lopez and Casper Smart have been spotted together three times in a week
Jennifer shared a photo of the group together on Instagram, writing "After the show… This happened", but Casper could not be seen in the candid snap.
The backing dancer also accompanied Jennifer to a concert in Hollywood on Thursday. Casper placed his arm protectively around the singer when they were leaving the event.
It was the first time Casper and Jennifer had been pictured together since their split in June. The couple were first rumoured to have reconciled in Las Vegas at New Year, however, Jennifer later insisted that she was single.
Jennifer Lopez shared a photo of herself with celebrity friends on Sunday
"There was a time where I was just like 'Ehhh, I'm just not going to deal with anybody, I just want to be on my own,' she told Us Weekly.
"Now I'm getting back into the mix. For right now, I just have no announcements to make."
In another candid interview, the mother-of-two said that she hasn't given up on love and is "open" to dating.
"I still believe in the fairy tale. The more I work on myself, the more I give myself the opportunity to share a really deep and meaningful relationship that can give me my fairy tale and last forever."


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6 Sandwiches Which You Can Eat Before Going To Bed
In the search to maintain a healthy and balanced weight, many refrains from eating before going to bed at night although they feel a strong desire to do so. While it is true that during the rest period the metabolism is slower, it is not advisable to go to bed hungry. This situation can lead to later binge eating and, sometimes, produces digestive symptoms that prevent reaching a restful sleep.
In fact, it is allowed to eat some snacks before bed, which, even, complement the diet and induce rest. Of course, they are not recipes made with flours, fats or sugars. The key when eating before bed is to opt for light foods but with a significant nutritional contribution. Also, these foods can be combined easily, so they are not boring.
1. Banana with nuts, a good option to eat before bed
A light banana snack with nuts can control nighttime hunger and, in turn, reduce gastric acidity and heartburn. These delicious foods are an important source of amino acids such as tryptophan which, among other things, helps to prevent insomnia.
- ½ ripe banana
- 1 tablespoon chopped walnuts.
- Tritura half ripe banana and mix with the chopped nuts.
Consumption mode
- Eat the sandwich 30 minutes before going to bed.
2. Warm milk with cinnamon
Of course, if you want to maintain a healthy weight, you should opt for low-fat, nonfat or non-lactose milk. When cinnamon is added, it benefits the metabolism and digestion, so it is a good snack to eat before sleeping.
- ½ cup of milk
- 1 teaspoon of cinnamon
- 1 tablespoon of honey (optional).
- Heat half a cup of milk and, when warm, add cinnamon.
Consumption mode
- Enjoy the drink 20 or 30 minutes before going to bed.
3. Yogurt with oatmeal
The low-fat natural yogurt combined with oatmeal gives us a delicious and satisfying snack, ideal to go to rest without feeling hungry. Both ingredients benefit the digestive health, protect the intestinal flora and, additionally, help to conciliate the dream.
- ½ cup of low-fat natural yogurt.
- 1 tablespoon of oatmeal.
- Mix half a cup of plain yogurt with a spoonful of oatmeal.
- If you like, you can liquefy it so that everything is well integrated.
Consumption mode
- Eat this sandwich 30 minutes before going to sleep.
4. Greek yogurt with blueberries
This healthy dessert is full of essential amino acids, vitamins, antioxidants and other wide variety of nutrients that give benefits to your health. It helps to stop the anxiety for food and, thanks to its probiotic compounds, yogurt is ideal to protect the intestinal flora and immune health. Therefore, it is a good option to eat before bed.
- ½ cup of Greek yogurt.
- 4 frozen blueberries.
- Put the Greek yogurt in the blender and mix it with the frozen cranberries.
Consumption mode
- Enjoy this snack when you feel hungry before going to sleep.
5. Whole grain cereal with almond milk
Although cereal consumption is recommended for breakfast, it should not be ruled out as a healthy snack for moments of nighttime anxiety. Your calorie intake is light, so it does not represent a risk to gain weight; In addition, it provides fiber and nutrients that benefit digestion.
- ½ cup of whole grain.
- ½ cup of almond milk
- Put the whole grain in a bowl and mix it with the almond milk.
Consumption mode
- Eat the sandwich 30 or 40 minutes before going to sleep.
6. Peach and apple smoothie
Preparing a shake is a healthy and quick way to stop the anxiety of eating that usually appears in the moments before going to bed. They are low in calories, contain antioxidants and amino acids, and many of the recipes help stimulate detoxification processes. In this case, we propose one of peach and apple that, in addition to all this, improves the quality of sleep.
- 2 peaches
- 1 apple.
- 1 small bunch of mint.
- ½ cup of water
- Wash, peel and chop the fruits in several pieces.
- Incorporate the ingredients in the blender, including the mint and water, and process it for a few moments.
- After obtaining a homogeneous drink, serve it without brewing.
Consumption mode
- Take the drink 20 or 30 minutes before going to bed.
Yes, you can eat before going to bed. You just have to look for light alternatives, moderate the quantities and try not to eat and go immediately to bed. The best thing is to eat at least 30 minutes before going to bed.


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Student Affairs Undergoes Major Faculty Changes
January 22, 2020
At Piedmont College, students are offered a number of resources in addition to those specifically provided for academics. One of those resources includes assistance from those who work in the Student Affairs Office.
In Jan. 2020, newly appointed Associate Vice President of Student Success (AVP) Emily Pettit emailed all Demorest students about the changes in staff for Student Affairs. This includes Maurilia Oldham and Anna Grace Heisel being added as new Student Success Advisers. Although there will be new members of the Student Success team, they are also losing one of their counselors, Evonne Jones. Jones' last day as the Counselor and Case Manager will be Jan. 17. With the transition coming, the Roar reached out to AVP Pettit to see how these changes will specifically affect the counseling services.
"We added a Director of Counseling Services in Aug. 2019, which doubled our services offered in the Counseling department," said AVP Pettit. "While we are sad to see Evonne leave as she has been a part of our family for over five years, we will be refilling the position with another counselor."
The Roar also reached out to newly appointed Dean of Student Life and Leadership, Kimberly Crawford, about the recent changes.
"We will be refilling the position with another counselor and the job is currently posted on our website for interested applicants. Evonne communicated directly with the students she serves and made appointments available to them," Dr. Crawford said. "An individualized plan is in place for students who will still need counseling services during the spring semester."
Dr. Crawford and AVP Pettit's new roles mean that they each have new responsibilities around campus, in addition to the ones they already have.
"The additional Student Success Advisers mean that freshmen will have one more dedicated professional partner in their success," said Dr. Crawford. "I will be able to focus on student life and leadership efforts on campus, providing meaningful opportunities for student engagement and leadership development, which will help prepare students for life beyond college."
"Associate Vice President of Student Success Pettit will now be able to more directly focus on student success by building infrastructure and resources around new initiatives such as an expansion of SAIL, redesign of the First-Year Experience and implementation of Starfish, a student success tool. These dedicated efforts in initiatives, services and resources aligned with national-best practices are aimed to positively impact student wellbeing, career exploration, credit-earning and progression, graduation and a meaningful life beyond college."
To some, these changes may seem to have come out of nowhere. Luckily, AVP Pettit and Dr. Crawford assure Piedmont faculty and students that these changes are ones that have taken lots of consideration.
"These changes are the result of strategic planning over the last several years. We analyze student needs, growth in enrollment and respond with staffing changes to be sure we are ready to support student success," said AVP Pettit. "The staffing changes align with Piedmont College enrollment trends, student needs and institutional strategic planning."


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Happy Weekend! We're back with another DFB Video today, and we're asking (and answering) some questions: "Are These Disney Upgrades Worth it?"
There's no shortage of ways to upgrade your Disney World vacation. For instance, should you buy park tickets that allow you to visit one park for one day, or should you spring for Park Hoppers to visit more parks? Will your family be satisfied with the Quick Service or Standard Disney Dining Plan, or would the Deluxe Dining Plan be a better choice? These are just two of several of the topics we are covering when we ask, "Is this Disney World upgrade worth it?" Find out our thoughts in our latest DFB YouTube video!
And if you love this video, there's plenty more for you to enjoy over on our DFB YouTube Channel!
By the way, have you subscribed yet? If you hit the button below, you can subscribe to the channel and never miss a single episode!
So check out the video and then let us know: Are there any upgrades you prefer to add to your Disney World vacation?


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| Ericsson's entry revitalizes WebPad scene HANOVER, GERMANY (IDG) -- L.M. Ericsson Telephone rekindled interest in the WebPad market here at the CeBIT show with the introduction of the Screen Phone, a wireless Internet appliance for home users. The Screen Phone links to a user's telephone line or Internet access using Bluetooth short-range wireless connectivity. It provides users with a well-packaged device, allowing users to browse the Web or send e-mails while simultaneously making phone calls from the comfort of their sofa, Ericsson officials said.
Scheduled to ship by year's end, the Screen Phone HS210 is the mobile phone vendor's first cordless Internet access device aimed directly at consumers. Ericsson's announcement has already resulted in other major vendors taking a second look at WebPads, according to Roger S�ll, president of WebPAD vendor RS Cordless Technology (RSC), of T�by, Sweden. "Ericsson's entry made a huge difference; you could say that Ericsson now has legitimized the WebPad category," S�ll said. "Suddenly everybody is interested in talking to us again."
National Semiconductor and Microsoft in a joint announcement here said that several vendors, including Taiwan's Acer, Thomson Multimedia and Vestel USA, are also readying so-called MSN-based Web Companions designed around the WebPad reference platform. National Semiconductor originally introduced the WebPad wireless tablet concept at the Comdex Fall show in Las Vegas in 1998. To date WebPads have remained crowd pullers at trade shows rather than mass market products, but vendors are now defining business models and markets for the devices and getting closer to ramping up production. RSC, for example, has inked a production agreement for as many as 10,000 units per week with contract manufacturer Selestica and expects volume production to begin in June, said S�ll. "The demand is there already. We could ship thousands of units today, but production has been held back by shortages of screens and memory chips," he added. RSC is currently in negotiations with several banks as well as Internet service providers (ISPs), and its WebPads will appear on the market under the name of its partners rather than the RSC brand, S�ll said. "Banks and ISPs will be the early drivers of this market. Banks, for example, see WebPads as a device for getting more of their customers to use Internet banking services," said S�ll. Banks may even be willing to give away WebPad devices featuring pre-installed banking applications to its customers for free, while ISPs are looking at business models such as subsidizing the cost of the device to make the initial purchase price more attractive for consumers, he added. Ericsson's Screen Phone, which runs the open-source Linux operating system, combines both Internet access and a speaker phone, and will communicate with a home base station using the emerging Bluetooth technology for wireless personal area networking. Although still in its infancy, the market for cordless communications devices has a bright future, Ericsson President Kurt Hellstr�m predicted. "We expect the wireless communications device market to within three to five years become as big as the PC market," Hellstr�m said. At National Semiconductor's stand at CeBIT, a dozen or so WebPad vendors were displaying products based around the chip maker's integrated Geode processors and running operating systems ranging from Linux and QNX to Windows CE. RSC's WebPad device, for example, features a 10-inch 800 x 600 pixel super VGA touch-screen and is encased in a frame that has buttons for controlling the cursor and other commands. It communicates with a base station over a data communication link based on the DECT (digital enhanced cordless telecommunications) standard, the same technology used by many of today's cordless home and office phones. The company offers two versions, one for the European market operating at 1.8GHz, another for the North American market at 2.4GHz. Users can type in Web addresses or e-mails with a stylus on a pop-up keyboard on the touch-screen. Germany's Siemens also used the show here to show off the SIMpad, a prototype WebPad-like tablet device. The SIMpad, the size of a sheet of A4 paper and weighing 1.1 kilograms, offers full Internet access over a cordless DECT connection, Siemens said. Siemens used the show here to ask visitors to its stand to fill in a survey form about the SIMpad, but the company has no definite shipment plans for the device as yet, officials said. RELATED STORIES: Panasonic, BT to work on wireless music service RELATED IDG.net STORIES: Bluetooth wireless devices debut at CeBIT RELATED SITES: Ericsson | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A home is most likely where we feel safe and comfortable the most. In addition, it's like life, which is a series of progress and special moments. Whether it's brand new or pre-owned, give your home the care it needs. Do it more if you don't have a plan to move out anymore. Start with small home upgrades. If you want to spoil your living space, take time to read the following tips.
Buy a Good Mattress
Much like eating healthy food and working out, having proper sleep is important to every person's health and well-being. If you have a hard time sleeping at night, check your sleeping environment. Ensure that your room has the right temperature and ventilation. Check your mattress, too. If you have a mattress that you've been using for over 10 years now, it's time to replace it. But before you head out to shop for a new mattress, know which type of sleeper are you first.
Invest in Area Rugs
There are many reasons why you need a rug in your life. It may look like it won't do something staggering to transform any room, but you're wrong. A rug has the power to change the mood of a room. Not only that, it can cover floor imperfections and increase safety. If you want a neutral colour, consider brown rugs Australia has online rug stores that you can check out anytime you want to.
Dine Better
Change a big dining table that you don't use often with a more intimate one. If you have extra money to spare, replace your old tableware, too.
Proper Lighting Changes Everything
Proper lighting can make any room look more aesthetically beautiful right away. There are many lighting fixtures you can install at home but be sure not to overdo it. However, the best light source still is the one that comes from the sun. Allowing it to come in can give you a variety of benefits – improved mood and sleep, more energy, etc.
Grow Indoor Plants
Bring life to a lonely spot at your home with indoor plants. There are a lot of reasons why everyone is hooked with greenery as they improve the physical and mental well-being in ways you didn't even know. With indoor plants, you will forget about stress and you will breathe better air indoors. Do a little research before you start growing indoor plants. Look for indoor plants that are ideal for beginners, then know how to take care of them.
Shuffle your Room
Can you still remember the days when you used to rearrange your room during your teenage years? Do it again today to make it look like a brand-new space. Dispose the things you don't need anymore, too.
Juice up your Curtains
Go to a tailor and ask them to make beautiful and unique curtains for your home. Make ombre fringe or ribbona part of the curtain as it can spice up an ordinary looking curtain in an instant.
Create a space that's truly your own by doing these tips.