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The Most Important Things To Know About Film Budgeting
Typically, most beginners and outsiders assume filmmaking and the movie business to be this fascinating world full of fantasy, car chases, explosions, fame, and million-dollar contracts. And who pays for all this stuff, they may ask. Who's in charge of the film budgeting and how do they do it?
"Oh, the producer guy or whoever just throws in wads of cash to finance the film, right?"
Well, in some cases, they're not wrong — but in most cases, this is incorrect in many ways. There's a lot more to the film industry that many people aren't aware of. One of these things, which is typically ignored, is the intricacies of film production budgeting.
Film budgeting is a very crucial component to the pre-production phase regardless of the type of film you're planning to make — whether it be a low budget short film, an independent feature, or a high budget Hollywood blockbuster.
Having a well-thought-out movie budget gives your film a better chance of being successful, in terms of quality and profits. It doesn't necessarily matter how much money you have, especially if you're working on micro-budget short films — what matters is how you budget and utilize the money and resources you have.
There've been films, such as The Blair Witch Project, with budgets as little as $60,000 that have been able to rack up millions of dollars in revenue. Now, we're not implying that every low budget film will be a billion-dollar box office hit — we're simply emphasizing that you don't need a ton of money to make a great film. You just need to learn how to properly and creatively manage the money and resources you have available to you.
Now, without further ado, let's dive into some important film budgeting tips that can help efficiently produce the films you're dying to make.
When To Begin The Film Budgeting Process
Before we start breaking down the film budget, it's important to understand when to begin budgeting for your film and the specific planning for each budgeting phase.
Generally, if you're a producer or independent filmmaker with an idea for a film, you should start with a non-detailed, estimated preliminary budget. This particular budget will contain an estimated total of all the potential costs and accounts you'll need to purchase for the film. This is created to secure financing from investors.
Once you've gathered the necessary funds needed to make your film, you'll need to construct a more in-depth and detailed film budget. This will usually occur after hiring the key members, or department heads, of your production. This more detailed budget will be much more complex with finalized costs and planning.
If you're wondering how to construct an actual film budget, you should look into film budgeting software, such as Movie Magic, where you can use budgeting templates that can be of great help during the process.
Best Tools For Creating And Managing A Film Budget
Above-The-Line And Below-The-Line Personnel
The first phase of any film production is the development phase. It's where your idea and story are born and gradually developed into a full-fledged screenplay, backed by key creative members to put the pages to the big screen.
The above-the-line section of your movie budget consists of the costs needed to carry out the development phase and the phases that follow for your film. It's generally the most expensive section of your movie budget because that's where you'll be paying the key members of your production — such as the screenwriter, director, producer, cinematographer, and talent.
These individuals are the ones involved in financial planning, scheduling, hiring, prepping, drafting, and rehearsing for your film. Depending on the scale of your production, they may need to be paid before you even begin filming.
The below-the-line section of your movie budget contains key crew members — who aren't so much involved in the development and pre-production phase — that will be heavily involved on set during production. These crew members typically consist of the production assistants, 1st ADs, camera assistants, grips, costume designers, makeup artists, sound mixers, etc.
You will need different personnel for each phase of production for both above-the-line and below-the-line. Pre-production and production will consist of your above-the-line members, where production and post-production will have all your below-the-line crew members.
Depending on the film budget of your production, you may not have the funds to pay all these important crew members. Don't worry! We have a quick film budget cost savings tip that can help you.
The Film Fund Budget Tip
In order to save some money, determine which members you don't necessarily need and which ones you do need. It's also smart to put on multiple hats if you may not be able to hire certain crew members. This way you don't need to pay great sums of money for positions you can likely do yourself.
Not all film productions need a VFX artist, or a stunt coordinator, especially if you're working with a minimal short film budget or even a dramatic feature film. Your budget will depend entirely on your film's genre and its contents.
So, if you know that you may not be getting hundreds of thousands, or even millions, for your film production, you may want to scrap the crazy car chases, elaborate fighting choreography, and breath-taking special effects from your script. Independent filmmakers and beginners should stick to creating more practical scripts. This will teach you how to be more creative and resourceful with the budget you have.
Pre-Production Budgeting
Once you've secured a team of creative and determined individuals involved in the production, you're going to need to account for pre-production costs.
These are typically some costs associated with:
- Rehearsals Costs – Allowing enough time for the director to coach and conduct practice shoots with the talent.
- Preparation Costs – Time needed for certain crew members to gather and test certain equipment at certain locations.
- Scouting Costs – Time needed to check out certain locations for your shoot.
- Production Design Costs – Time needed to conjure up visuals and ideas for the overall look of the set designs.
The Film Fund Budget Tip
Pre-production can often be a very long, unorganized, and costly phase in production. To save money, you should construct a well-thought-out plan and schedule for any days where there will be meetings with your key creative members, rehearsals, prep, scouting, etc.
Note that depending on how much money you'll have and the scale of your production, you may or may not need to account for all these costs in your film budget.
Production Budgeting
This section in your film budget will consist of all the costs associated with production. This will make up the majority of your film's costs, however, the most expensive costs will still be paying your talent and crew member wages.
There can be a lot of expenses in this area depending on your film. If you're planning on shooting a more professional-looking film, you will need to consider a few costs, such as:
- Equipment
- Production Design
- Costumes
- Hair and Makeup
- Locations
- Traveling
- Catering
These are just a few of the key production costs that will go into your film. If you're working with a tight short film budget, you shouldn't worry too much about getting the top-notch equipment, costumes, locations, etc.
The Film Fund Budget Tip
You should focus on getting the best equipment and materials you can afford.
Some of the equipment you're going to need to buy or rent will be cameras, lights, tripods, stabilizers, dollies, and sound equipment.
Tips For Minimizing Your Sound Design Budget
Post Production Budgeting
Like many aspects of your film budget, your post-production budget will depend heavily on the specific genre and scale of your film.
Are you going to need any CGI (computer-generated images)? Are you planning on having original music for your film?
If you're shooting a low budget drama, you're likely not going to need to worry about hiring multiple editors and VFX artists. But if you're working on a sci-fi film, that's something you're going to need to consider.
You're going to need to consult with your editor to determine how much he/she prefers to be paid over a certain period of time. Some productions can take months to edit, and some, only a few days.
The Film Fund Budget Tip
Make sure you communicate with your editor about the amount of time they have to complete the edits to avoid having to pay more than you need to.
Also, if you're planning on having original music in your film, you're going to need to hire a music composer, and possibly multiple musicians to develop the music for you. Again, speak with these artists on rates and the window of time it will take to complete these projects.
Script Breakdown
One of the first steps for formulating and finalizing your film budget is breaking down your script. When breaking down your script, you will be determining how many pages you'll shoot in a day, as well as the total amount of days you will need to shoot your film.
Knowing how many days you will need to shoot your film will ultimately determine your budget and the amount of money you'll be using each day.
The Film Fund Budget Tip
Determine which personnel (crew, talent, extras) and equipment you'll need for each day of shooting. You don't want to pay extra for having people on set you don't need.
Once you've broken your script down by pages per day and have any idea of the specific equipment, personnel, and time needed for each day, you should begin constructing a shooting schedule.
If you're wondering how to make a shooting schedule or how it will greatly help your film production, take a look at our previous post where we go more in-depth on the importance of production schedules.
Hopefully, these film budgeting tips and information drew a better picture for you on the complexities of film budgeting and planning.
You will need to account for costs in all aspects of your production, depending on the scale and budget of your film. Some phases of your production will have much higher costs and expenses than others. If you're working with a low budget short film budget, or feature, figure out which costs you need and don't need.
Some movies will have million-dollar budgets and some will only have a few grand. Don't let a lack of money turn you away from making your film. Rather, have it be the motivation to want to make it.
Be creative. Get inspired by others. And most importantly, don't give up.
If you're looking to get funding for your film, check out our one-sentence pitch competition for the chance to win up to $10,000 in funding and other prizes for your film.


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As a whole, we humans spend the majority of our time indoors. We are missing out on the sunshine and fresh air that our bodies crave for optimal health. Our homes, offices, and gyms are places that can be stale and even toxic.
A good way to make your indoor environment healthier is to bring the outdoors inside by introducing house plants. House plants take in the carbon dioxide we exhale and return the favor by giving off the oxygen we need to survive. Plants are natural filters for indoor pollutants that can cause respiratory problems and neurological issues. Some plants have natural healing properties for minor scrapes and for promoting better sleep. Plants also give off moisture that can help to humidify a dry home during the winter months.
Let's look at 5 indoor house plants that you can get started with to improve your quality of life inside.
1. Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum)
If you are new to indoor gardening, spider plants are a great place to start. These are fast growing and don't require much maintenance. Spider plants don't always have to be in direct sunlight and they don't need to be watered daily. This is the perfect plant for filtering the air of formaldehyde that is off-gassed from cabinetry and flooring and for absorbing carbon monoxide from HVAC equipment. Spider plants are ideal for those who don't have the time or patience to nurture plants.
2. Lavender (Lavendula)
Lavender, especially French lavender, is a flowering plant that is very attractive and fragrant. The purple flowers give off a pleasant aroma that is welcoming and calming. Placing lavender in your home office or meditation area can help to reduce restlessness and anxiety. It is recommended that you place a lavender plant in each bedroom to promote restful sleep. Lavender does require plenty of sunlight and water. It is best to place the plants near a window, but away from cold drafts.
3. Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum)
The peace lily is, just as the name implies, a peaceful plant. It is native to the tropics with dark green leaves and lovely white blooms that resemble the calla lily. You are likely to see a peace lily displayed in healing environments, such as an acupuncture clinic or massage therapy center. Peace lilies are known for their ability to remove toxins from the air, such as acetone, ammonia, and alcohol. This is a fairly easy plant to care for that doesn't require direct sunlight or a lot of water. You can place a peace lily on the floor and allow it to grow quite tall, usually up to 3 feet.
4. Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis)
Aloe vera is a succulent plant that is known worldwide for its medicinal properties. Like a cactus, aloe plants prefer dry conditions and plenty of southern exposure to sunlight. The gel inside the leaves of has been used for centuries to sooth irritated or sunburned skin, to heal scrapes, and to moisturize hair and skin. The juice of the plant can be extracted and consumed to help heal a compromised intestinal tract. Aloe vera is also ideal for absorbing indoor air pollutants and toxins. Keep an aloe plant on your kitchen window sill for emergencies, such as a minor burn, and for freshening up the air.
5. English Ivy (Hedera helix)
English Ivy is an evergreen climbing vine. It is colorful all year long. Because ivy grows vertically, it is often placed in a hanging basket and should be trimmed to keep from attaching to moldings and walls. English Ivy is terrific for removing toxins, such as benzene and xylene. The bigger benefit of English Ivy is that it is known to help rid the home of air-borne mold spores. This is a plus for those with respiratory issues and mold sensitivity. Ivy generally thrives in cooler environments and can do with less direct sunlight than other house plants.
If you are looking to improve your indoor environment and your health, consider adding some of the house plants that have been suggested. Looking for even more ideas? Check out these 9 indoor house plants. Start by choosing the plants that best fit your daily routine and the amount of sunlight your space receives so that you can care for them properly. Plants are very much like pets. They need regular attention and care.

subset: commoncrawl


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Canberra-based defence contractor Electro Optic Systems Holdings (ASX: EOS) will acquire US satellite communications systems business Audacy Corporation for $10 million.
The acquisition will allow the company to build a network of satellites capable of end-to-end communications and data transfer services to government and commercial customers worldwide.
The key rationale behind the acquisition appears to be the vitally important space station spectrum licence held by Audacy, which authorises the company to use specific microwave spectrum brands for communication to and from satellites and ground-based terminals.
In order to use this licence, EOS will have to launch a constellation of new mid-earth orbit satellites to establish a communications capability for continuous, real-time data transfer with low earth orbit satellites and other space vehicles.
As part of Audacy's licence, which it received in June 2018, the company is required to launch this constellation of satellites by June 2024.
EOS appears to be reluctantly entering this market because of customer demand, highlighting in its statement regarding the proposed acquisition that better technologies exist already.
"In the long-term EOS expects most space communications to be implemented with optical communications a technology that is not regulator or controlled because it cannot interfere with other users," says EOS.
"However, 99 per cent of all space communications presently employs microwave technology."
"Acknowledging the current dominance of microwave technology, EOS has decided to enter the regulated microwave communications domain through the Acquisition, as one of several channels the Company intends to apply to commercialise its optical, microwave, and hybrid microwave-optical communication technologies."
The acquisition is not a sure thing quite yet; the transfer of Audacy's licence to EOSDS is subject to review by the US Federal Communications Commission.
The takeover will be completed via Alabama-based subsidiary EOS Defence Systems USA (EOSDS), which two weeks ago appointed a new board of directors amidst a push for an expanded role in 2020.
EOSDS is not required to make any material payment for the acquisition until FCC approval is received.
EOS says this approval "cannot be assured", but if the green light is received the company expects to complete the acquisition in mid-2020.
According to EOS CEO Dr Ben Greene, the move into space communications is a big leap for the listed company which primarily works in the software, laser, electronics, and weaponry side of the defence industry.
"EOS has previously disclosed its intention to enter the space communications market, and the Acquisition represents a logical next step towards that goal," says Greene.
"Over fifty potential customers have executed non-binding memoranda relating to the proposed space communications service, and EOS expects to finalise the initial constellation design soon so that those memoranda can be progressively converted to service contracts soon after completion."
Greene also highlights how building a constellation of satellites by June 2024 is a major hurdle for the company to overcome, considering how capital intensive such a task would be.
"EOS will later decide whether to implement the new satellite constellation on its own or through a partnership with an existing space communications entity," says Greene.
"Potential partnerships are in early stages of development with major space entities which EOS has worked with before."
Shares in EOS are up 4.97 per cent to $10.34 at 11.38am AEDT.
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Share your favorite Zora NFTs distraction-free with some personal flair with custom backgrounds and text.
NiftyShare allows people to add their own personal touch to their favorite NFTs when sharing them. Users can customize the background that frames their NFT to create a certain mood, while highlighting the NFT itself front and center -- no prices or any other distractions.
Users first copy-paste the link to their favorite Zora NFT to load the customization page. There, users can change the background color framing the image/video, as well as the color of the piece's name to make it pop against the background. In the future, it will support NFTs from other providers.
NiftyShare was bootstrapped using github.com/paulrberg/create-eth-app. It's a React web app using Hooks, which connects to Zora's SubGraph to pull metadata about the NFT that the user entered. For the components and design, it's using Bootstrap paired with react-bootstrap and react-color-hook for theme and color picking.


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Pressure Washing Services in Margate, FL
For the Best Pressure Washing Services in Margate, FL look no further than Royal Treatment Pressure Washing! We make quick work of your untimely stains and other contamination affecting your home. From tropical storm mess to droppings from birds and a range of other possible contaminants, pressure washing can help to make your home look its best. We provide both residential pressure washing for your home or commercial pressure washing for your business in the Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Pompano Beach Metropolitan areas.
Pressure Washing to Remove Stubborn Stains
You might have a driveway or an outdoor patio that suffers from built up algae, grime, and stains. Our experienced pressure washing crews can remove it quickly and thoroughly. We use algaecide formula to make unsightly concrete and other hard materials look nearly new again. If you have mold or mildew threatening to creep into your home from a dirty patio or walkway, we can take care of that with fast and effective pressure washing.
Power Washing Patios and Outdoor Areas
Our power washing technicians are especially adept at cleaning commonly used outdoor areas, including patios, pool decks, and walkways. We can ensure your patio and pool deck are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected to prevent the spread of athlete's foot and general uncleanliness for your barefoot swimmers. And we can keep your walkways clean and get the oil and grease out of your driveway and garage.
Handling Hard-to-Clean Materials With Power Washing
Some materials are especially difficult to clean thoroughly. Brick steps or a stone walkway can be particularly hard to clean. Our power washing teams get into the tiny cracks and crevices to force out dirt and other contaminants that make cleaning much harder to accomplish. Our crews are equipped with the best cleaning equipment, including scrubbers and similar tools that help clean the toughest materials in or around your home.
Prep Your Home for New Paint With Thorough Power Washing
You might be readying your home for a new paint job. If you have old, peeling paint that looks unsightly, we can scrub it clean with a thorough power washing. We can blast off the old paint and get rid of all the dirt and other contaminants that make it harder for you to repaint your home properly.
If you need skilled and professional power washing in Margate, FL, call or contact us online. We can provide you with an accurate estimate of the cost and time it would take to complete your project.
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It's a huge opening for SPIDER-MAN: FAR FROM HOME, taking-in $87 million for Sony Pictures from 4,634 theatres in North America. The Film gets 92% on the Tomatometer, tallying $178 million since its Tuesday 4th of July Holiday opening. Best opening for the Franchise in this era starring Tom Holland, still goes to 2017's SPIDER-MAN HOMECOMING with $117 million.
TOY STORY 4 is going strong still in second with $33 million this weekend from 4,540 theatres for Disney, a total $305 million grossed over two weeks.
Third spot goes to YESTERDAY with $10.1 million for Universal Pictures. The Beatles-themed Musical has grossed $36.2 million over two weeks.
ALADDIN lands in fifth with $8.2 million, a total $321 million for Disney in seven weeks domestically.
MIDSOMMAR is in sixth with $6.2 million for A24 Pictures/Elevation Pictures, a total $10.4 million since its Wednesday opening. It gets 82% on the Tomatometer and C+ CinemaScore.
ROCKETMAN rounds things out in tenth with $2.2 million for Paramount Pictures.
TOY STORY 4 prevails again a second week at the Box Office, taking $56 million in week two from 4,575 theatres for Disney, taking it to $235 million in a two week run thus far.
ANNEBELLE COMES HOME lands a distant second with $16.4 million in its debut from 3,613 theatres for Warner Bros. Franchise best still belongs to the first Film in the Series, with $37.1 million back in 2014. It gets 69% on the Tomatometer and a B- CinemaScore.
YESTERDAY debuts in third with $15 million from 2,603 theatres for Universal Pictures. The latest from Danny Boyle gets 61% on the Tomatometer and an A- CinemaScore.
ALADDIN is in fourth with $8.8 million, a total $305 million grossed in North American to date for Disney.
AVENGERS:ENDGAME gets a re-release with additional footage, placing in fifth with $6.3 million from 2,025 theatres for Disney.
JOHN WICK: CHAPTER 3 – PARABELLUM rounds-out this Top Ten with $2.5 million for eOne Films/Lionsgate Films.
MEN IN BLACK: INTERNATIONAL debuts atop the Box Office with $26.3 million from 4,224 theatres for Sony Pictures. Franchise best still belongs to 2012's MIB3 opening with $54 million. This installment which introduces Tessa Thompson and Chris Hemsworth, gets 24% on the Tomatometer and a B CinemaScore.
THE SECRET LIFE OF PETS 2 still goes strong in second with $23.7 million from 4,564 theatres for Universal Pictures. Over two weeks it has made $91.9 million in North America.
In third is ALADDIN with $17.1 million, four-week tally of $263.8 million domestically for Disney.
SHAFT debuts in seventh with $$7.1 million from 2,952 theatres for Warner Bros. It gets 35% on the Tomatometer and an A CinemaScore.
LATE NIGHT makes its Top Ten debut in ninth with $4.7 million for Amazon Studios/eOne Films, expanding to 2,218 theatres. It gets an 81% on the Tomatometer and a B+ CinemaScore.
MA rounds things out with $3.8 million for Universal Pictures, a three week total of $40.5 million.
THE SECRET LIFE OF PETS 2 prevails at the Box Office, opening on-top with $46.2 million from 4,561 theatres for Universal Pictures. It gets 54% on the Tomatometer and an A- CinemaScore. While impressive, this feat still is unable to top its 2016 Predecessor's $104 million bow.
In second is DARK PHOENIX with $33.9 million from 3,721 theatres in in its debut for 20th Century Fox. It gets 22% on the Tomatometer and B- CinemaScore. The Film has the lowest grossing opening to date for the X-Men Franchise.
ALADDIN still is going strong in third this weekend with $24.6 million, a three week tally of $210 million in North America.
GODZILLA: KING OF THE MONSTERS slips to fourth this weekend with $14.4 million, a total $77.4 million over two weeks domestically for Warner Bros.
BOOKSMART rounds-out the Top Ten with $1.6 million from 1,134 theatres for eOne Films/United Artists Releasing. It has made $17.8 million over three weeks.
GODZILLA: KING OF THE MONSTERS destroys the competition in a big opening this weekend. The Warner Bros. release debuts at top spot with $51 million from 4,303 theatres. While getting 40% on the Tomatometer only, audiences gave it a B+ CinemaScore. Franchise best still belongs to 2014's GODZILLA with $93 million.
ALADDIN slips to second spot this weekend with $43.6 million, which would be good enough to be #1 again most other weekends. It's two week gross for Disney is $186.3 million domestically.
ROCKETMAN bows in third with $23.8 million for Paramount Pictures from 3,610 theatres across North America. Reviews are outstanding with a 90% on the Tomatometer and a strong A- CinemaScore.
MA lands in fourth in its debut for Universal Pictures, earning $18 million from 2,808 theatres. Reviews aren't too bad, garnering 60% on the Tomatometer and a B- CinemaScore.
BOOKSMART is in eighth in week two of release, with $3.7 million and a $14.7 million total for United Artists Releasing/eOne Films.
THE HUSTLE rounds-out the Top Ten with $1.3 million, a three week tally of $33.1 million for Universal Pictures.
Who knew Pink Ranger had such pipes? Naomi Scott blew us away in Disney's Aladdin not only for her portrayal of Princess Jasmine, but also her amazing vocals on one of the Films' signature tunes, SPEECHLESS penned by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul!
See a Clip:
The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack to Disney's Aladdin is out now. Click here.
(Photo/video credit: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures Canada)
DISNEY'S ALADDIN soars the skies in its debut, taking $84.9 million from 4,476 theatres Memorial Day weekend. By the end of the American long weekend it will be in around $106.5 million. This is Disney's second-highest Memorial Day opening ever, behind Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End, back in 2007. It gets an A CinemaScore and 58% on the Tomatometer.
JOHN WICK: CHAPTER 3 – PARABELLUM lands in second spot after taking too spot last weekend. It still goes strong with $24.2 million this weekend, a two week tally of $106.8 million by end of day Monday for Lionsgate Films/eOne Films.
AVENGERS: ENDGAME places third with $16.6 million, a five-weekn run of $802.8 million in North America for Disney.
BRIGHTBURN opens in fifth with $8 million for Sony Pictures, at 2,607 theatres. It gets 58% on the Tomatometer.
BOOKSMART opens in sixth spot with $7 million from 2,505 theatres for eOne Films/United Artists Releasing. It gets a hearty 97% on the Tomatometer and a B+ CinemaScore.
LONG SHOT rounds things out in tenth with $1.6 million in its fourth week for Lionsgate Films/eOne Films.
Markham's Mena Massoud received a hero's welcome home tonight at Scotiabank Theatre. The 27-year-old graced the Blue Carpet at a special Canadian Screening of DISNEY'S ALADDIN and it was a magical carpet ride for him as he was supported by his friends and family at the affair. His favorite High School teacher from his days at St. Brother André Catholic High School, Dori Elliott even came out to celebrate with him. And another, an elementary school teacher waited in the fan pit to see her star pupil!
Massoud has built a solid résumé starring in a recurring role on Amazon Prime's Jack Ryan, plus filming eagerly-awaited Rob Ford-era-set Run This Town here in Toronto last year. Landing the titular role of Aladdin in Disney's live-action adaptation of the animated classic by Guy Ritchie for sure is a career pinnacle for the Ryerson Alumni.
Our David Baldwin asks Massoud about his memories of seeing Aladdin and what it means to make this iconic role his own for a new generation.
Massoud: "It's a dream come true as a kid. I've been watching it since I've been watching it since I was a kid. To put my fresh take on it it is a great honour."
Becoming Prince Ali takes several skill sets and ties them together as one. We ask Massoud about the transformation process in becoming him.
Massoud: "We had six weeks of prep before we even stepped foot on camera. So we just really put ourselves into rehearsals. We had step rehearsals, singing and acting rehearsals. I had to do camel riding, scuba diving and juggling. It was kinda like going back to Theatre School again, it was pretty crazy!".
See our Chat with Mena Massoud:
See some Snaps:
(Photo/video credit: Mr. Will Wong)
At last! A new look at Disney's ALADDIN! Check-out this new Trailer just released today!
A thrilling and vibrant live-action adaptation of Disney's animated classic, "Aladdin" is the exciting tale of the charming street rat Aladdin, the courageous and self-determined Princess Jasmine and the Genie who may be the key to their future. Directed by Guy Ritchie, who brings his singular flair for fast-paced, visceral action to the fictitious port city of Agrabah, "Aladdin" is written by John August and Ritchie based on Disney's "Aladdin." The film stars Will Smith as the Genie; Mena Massoud as Aladdin; Naomi Scott as Jasmine; Marwan Kenzari as Jafar; Navid Negahban as the Sultan; Nasim Pedrad as Dalia and Billy Magnussen as Prince Anders.
See the Trailer:
The first-ever TV Spot for ALADDIN has surfaced on Grammys night! Check it out! We're beyond excited!
A thrilling and vibrant live-action adaptation of Disney's animated classic, "Aladdin" is the exciting tale of the charming street rat Aladdin, the courageous and self-determined Princess Jasmine and the Genie who may be the key to their future. Directed by Guy Ritchie, who brings his singular flair for fast-paced, visceral action to the fictitious port city of Agrabah, "Aladdin" is written by John August and Ritchie based on Disney's "Aladdin." The film stars Will Smith as the Genie; Mena Massoud as Aladdin; Naomi Scott as Jasmine; Marwan Kenzari as Jafar; Navid Negahban as the Sultan; Nasim Pedrad as Dalia; Billy Magnussen as Prince Anders; and Numan Acar as Hakim.
See the Trailer:
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures Canada release ALADDIN Friday, May 24, 2019.
(Photo/video credit: Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures Canada)
For advertising opportunites please contact firstname.lastname@example.com


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- Group Classes
4 Week session: $130.00 + HST per person (includes 1.5hrs of class per week) *
4 Week session immediate repeat price discount is no longer offered.
Drop-in fee: (no drop-ins during Covid) - Private Lessons
$80.00 + HST per hour for single or couple *
$375.00 + HST for package of 5 lessons *
$700.00 + HST for package of 10 lessons * - Semi private lessons
$30.00 + HST per hour per person (3 to 5 people) * - Evaluation / Mini Private Lesson
$40.00 + HST for 30 mins per person
$25.00 + HST for 15 mins per person
* Private or semi private lessons with Elizabeth are 45mins long.
* Please note that there's a minimum of 5 people required to proceed with a group class.
Online Registration Form
To register for a class, please send e-transfer to firstname.lastname@example.com
In memo, please specify which class you're registering for.
Registering for our next class session is quick and easy. Our classes fill up quickly so please register early to have your spot guaranteed. You can reserve your space by calling us or by filling out the form on this page. If this is your first time visiting our studio, please arrive at least 15mins before your scheduled class.
Note, West Coast Swing runs on a separate schedule. Click here for more information.
Online registration is not available for higher level classes. If you are not a current student of our school and you would like to register for those classes, please visit our studio in person or call us to book an evaluation.
Payment Options
- Register in person at the studio
Methods of payment: Cash • Cheque • Debit • Visa • Master Card
- Register Online via PayPal
You will be redirected to Paypal website to complete your transaction.
Payable to Rhythm & Motion Inc.
Gift Certificates
You can print your own gift certificate at home. Once we receive your transaction we will email gift certificate to you in PDF format.
Please check your email spam folder if you can't find it in your inbox.
Note, that there are no refunds on gift certificates.


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As soon as we moved to Tanzania at the beginning of February this year, my dear friend, Penny asked for my mailing address. I sent it to her and she told me she'd posted a card to welcome me to my new country. As I'd received cards in the post while living in Kenya (from Penny and other blogging friends) and as they only took a week to ten days from Canada, USA and Europe to East Africa, I eagerly awaited my card! However, as the months went by with no sign of it, I had to accept that items via snail mail were just not going to reach us.
Then on Saturday Grant came home with an envelope! Yes, it was my card from Penny! Now wait for it: She posted in Vancouver on 24 February . It arrived in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, East Africa on 9 March, exactly 14 days later. I'd queried my mail at our company HO in Dar on numerous occasions. Every time the facilitator/admin lady would ask the lady who does the company post and I'd get the same answer: "Hamna" (Swahili for "there is none")
I am thrilled that it did eventually arrive in Mwadui. Thank you, dearest Penny for the lovely picture on the front and the sweet words inside the card.
Grant and I have deduced that perhaps eventually the mailing clerk in HO tidied out her desk and found my mail! Now I'm hoping that my card from Becky (USA) will turn up as surprisingly as this one did!
As they say: Only in Africa!


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MRU Media Makers: 05/15/2017
Students/Experts/Alum in the News
Calgary event explores the past, present and future of 'the left': http://www.mru.ca/be3 (Metro News — Roberta Lexier, faculty) &
http://www.mru.ca/733 (News Talk 770) &
http://www.mru.ca/871 (News Talk 770/Alberta Morning News)
Date: May 13
Time: 8:06 a.m.
Alberta Premier Rachel Notley took the biggest loss in B.C. election: http://www.mru.ca/33a (The Globe & Mail — David Taras, faculty)
Cops and watchdogs: ASIRT, Alberta cops keeping close eye on B.C. and Ontario oversight fights: http://www.mru.ca/f9ba (Edmonton Journal/Postmedia — Kelly Sundberg, faculty)
Other notable mentions
Australian guitar virtuoso Tommy Emmanuel says it's all about the song: http://www.mru.ca/4fb (Calgary Herald/Postmedia)
Mount Royal University presents a concert with Calgary Youth Orchestra: http://www.mru.ca/db7a (CKUA)
This post by email@example.com
Did we miss something? Send us a link.


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Shapes and Sizes Candle To Your Eyes
(Asthmatic Kitty)A small and bold line of print states, "This recording was intended to be played loudly."
There's annoying bravado to that statement that really isn't matched by Candle To Your Eyes, the third album by Montreal-based quartet, Shapes and Sizes. Like the candle in its title, Shapes and Sizes burn with quiet intensity, soul rhythms and dusted art pop that are both hook-heavy and magnetic.
Realizing the accolades The xx earned last year by resuscitating guitar-based R&B and soul, Shapes and Sizes are mostly doing the same thing, though their permutation seems less reliant on mood with more of an emphasis on swing and rhythm. There is a dancing swagger to this album and you don't have to look any further than the slow and sultry Too Late For Dancing to hear it, singer Calia Thompson-Hannant the "little girl lost" in an imagined hall full of slow moving couples, pelvises locked.
Candle To Your Eyes, though, is an album that needs consideration more than volume, its art rock perception immediately noticeable next to its soul-infused foundation. Tell Your Mum pairs both dynamics well enough while Sing Them Songs is all vocal, guitar tweaks and heavy toms until it transitions into its hyper-rhythmic chorus line, singer Rory Seydel taking a momentary backseat from his indifferent reiterations of, "If North America's the new third world/Then I don't wanna miss…"
With Time Has Practically Stopped and I Need An Outlet, experimental liberties are confined to the six-string, though the rhythm section scores an opportunity to commingle with the ideas in Time Has Practically Stopped. The song is sort of an off-time accented waltz that transitions into a duel-belled opportunity for Thompson-Hannant to lengthen her voice a little. When initially free of the album's spell, Time Has Practically Stopped was the song that caught my ear and demanded further listens.
Songs like You Don't Have To Drink From Here and 23 And Rising are both decent rock tracks that sound based in Pretenders' throb and lo-fi garage vapor, perfect breathers from the band's art rock excursions.
The Hit Parade, though, is an especially odd fit to this album, as it flirts with some clichéd combination of Tori Amos and 80s era Carly Simon. Album closer, Old Worlds, sounds like it was inspired by multiple listens of Toto's Africa, ending the album on this strange shift that doesn't negate the promise of its seven other songs, but confuses the mix to some degree.
Having said that, Candle To Your Eyes still holds up and ably provides enough genuine moments to keep your ears glued to your headphones. Whether it was intended for high volume or not, there are always rewards for paying attention and the spoils will be lost to anyone just looking to turn it up.
11 August, 2010 - 05:53 — Sean Caldwell


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Cold Steel has succeeded in establishing the Tanto as a superior blade for combative application. Our pioneering research, development and refinement of this blade shape has proven itself in combat
DLC Coated High Carbon Blade – Includes SheathOver the last 34 years, Cold Steel has succeeded in establishing the Tanto as a superior blade for combat use. This pioneering research, development and refinement of this blade shape has proven the value of the "American Tanto" style reinforced point. This Recon Tanto continues to set the standard for combat knives worldwide. Having seen active military application in numerous conflicts over the last 20 years, it is well on its way to becoming the preferred fixed blade for special military units and even SWAT teams on our own soil.Specs:Blade Length: 7″
Overall Length: 11.75″
Steel: U.S. CPM 3V High Carbon with DLC Coating
Weight: 9.6 oz
Blade Thickness: 5mm
Handle:4.75″ Long Kray-Ex
Sheath: Secure-Ex SheathYou must be at least 18 to purchase this fully sharpened Tanto
Additional information
Weight | 2 lbs |
Cold Steel
Cold Steel Swords for Sale
Cold Steel prides itself on forging rugged battle ready, authentic Samurai swords and weapons as well as authentic European Swords. Hand forged by traditional Eastern sword smiths Cold Steel Samurai Swords feature full tang construction, razor sharp carbon steel blades and high finish quality. This dedication to authenticity along with the sheer power and strength of their swords and knives make Cold Steel swords highly desirable to sword collectors as well as practitioners.We carry the full line of Cold Steel Japanese Swords and European SwordsReviews
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A Restaurant Called Roy Woods May Be Coming to 198 Ossington
198 Ossington is covered with posters promoting a new restaurant which may be opening soon called Roy Woods.
198 Ossington
198 Ossington is a commercial space on the west side of Ossington, a block and a half south of Dundas. Last occupied by The Ossington Dispensary, which opened in April 2016, the previous long-term tenant of 198 Ossington was Portugal Drapery and Textiles. Since the dispensary's closure in December of last year, the space north of Telegramme Prints has been empty.
A quick peek into the space today shows there's some furniture inside but it doesn't look like there's any activity, certainly no renovations. And renovations would be needed to convert the retailer into a restaurant.
Signage up at 198 Ossington
The exterior of 198 Ossington is papered with signs proclaiming a new restaurant opening soon.
Roy Woods Resto and Bake
We have no idea what Roy Woods Resto and Bake is! Is this a fun hoax referring to the previous tenant with the use of the word "bake"? Elaborate graffiti art? Or maybe a new restaurant coming to Ossington?
Online searches are no help. There is already a Roywoods restaurant in Toronto, a jerk chicken joint in City Place, but the name is one word in that case and graphics are completely different so this seems unlikely.
Another Roy Woods is a young Canadian rapper who replaces the S with a dollar sign (Roy Wood$), but that road leads nowhere.
If Roy Woods 198 Ossington is an upcoming restaurant, we'll let you know when we find out! Until then, post a comment if you have any information to share about these posters or what's happening at 198 Ossington.


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Such interpretations of results that explore the value of adjuvant chemotherapy have resulted in a geographic divergence of practice patterns. In the US, chemotherapy has been routinely administered adjuvantly; in Europe and elsewhere, it has been reserved for recurrence.
Until recently, first-line chemotherapy for GBM has been nitrosoureas, usually carmustine or lomustine. For the past seven to eight years, a novel methylating agent, temozolomide, has been commercially available for malignant gliomas, including GBM. Structurally similar to dacarbazine, temozolomide is an oral agent with excellent penetration into the central nervous system (CNS). It is very well tolerated with few significant side effects – the most common of which is dose-dependent myelosuppression – usually thrombo-cytopenia, and fatigue. The absence of known long-term side effects including cumulative myelo-suppression, are features that makes extended exposure feasible. Until recently, temozolomide was only approved for the treatment of recurrent malignant gliomas. In the US, approval was granted only for anaplastic astrocytoma, while in Europe and most other developed countries, the agent was also approved for recurrent GBM.The reasons for variable approved indications were complex and based on divergent interpretations of registration trials that incorporated a novel end-point, progression-free survival at six months, which was not universally accepted as a valid outcome. Nonetheless, temozolomide has been widely used in the US and elsewhere, and is currently the most commonly prescribed drug for GBM and other gliomas.A recent study that explored temozolomide concurrently and adjuvantly with radiotherapy for newly diagnosed GBM has been recently reported by investigators in Europe and Canada. This trial is the first to show a statistically significant and clinically meaningful survival advantage for patients who received temozolomide chemotherapy as part of their initial treatment. This trial, the results of which will be presented in detail, has provided sufficient evidence for approval of this regimen for newly diagnosed GBM in the US and is likely to become the new standard of care (SOC) for this disease worldwide.
Study Design, Results and Safety
A large randomized phase III trial involving 573 patients from 15 countries and 85 medical centers has recently been reported by the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG). This trial randomized patients with newly diagnosed GBM to either radiotherapy alone or radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide. This trial was undertaken to confirm favorable but preliminary phase II results using this regimen. The basis of the regimen itself, which involves continuous and prolonged exposure to temozolomide during and after radiotherapy, was based on in vitro evidence that temozolomide acts synergistically with radiotherapy, and the observation that chronic temozolomide exposure depletes the cellular enzyme responsible for alkylator/methylator resistance, O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT). Patients were enrolled within six weeks of the diagnosis of a newly diagnosed histologically confirmed GBM.Treatment was initiated within one week of randomization. The characteristics of both groups were well balanced at baseline. Median age was 56 years (range 18 to 70 years); World Health Organization (WHO) performance status was 0–2, and 84% of patients had surgical resection.
The control group received fractionated focal irradiation at a dose of 2Gy daily for five days each week for a period of six weeks (total dose 60Gy in 30 daily fractions). The group randomized to the experimental therapy received radiotherapy as prescribed above with concomitant temozolomide chemotherapy administered at a dose of 75mg/m2/day for the duration of radiotherapy (42 consecutive days, but not to exceed 49 days if radiotherapy was interrupted). Following a fourweek hiatus, patients were treated with up to six cycles of adjuvant temozolomide according to the standard fiveday schedule administered every 28 days.Temozolomide was given at 150mg/m2/d for the first cycle and increased to 200mg/m2/d for the second and subsequent cycles if the first cycle had no serious toxicity.
In the group receiving concomitant radiotherapy/ temozolomide, 85% completed treatment as planned. Concomitant temozolomide was stopped prematurely in 37 patients (13%).Adjuvant monthly chemotherapy was initiated in 223 patients (78%) who received a median of three cycles; 47% of patients completed six cycles of adjuvant temozolomide.The main reason for failure to start or complete adjuvant temozolomide was disease progression. The primary end-point was overall survival while secondary end-points were progression-free survival, safety, and quality of life (QOL).
The data were analyzed at a median follow-up of 28 months, at which time 480 patients (85%) had died. Median survival for patients randomized to radiotherapy alone was 12.1 months compared with 14.6 months for those randomized to radiotherapy with temozolomide.The addition of temozolomide to radiotherapy reduced the risk of death by 34%. The two-year survival rate was 26.5% in patients randomized to radiotherapy/temozolomide compared with 10.4% in the control group. Median progressionfree survival was 6.9 and five months, respectively. All survival data were highly statistically significant (p<0.001) and strongly favoured the group randomized to radiotherapy plus temozolomide. The only patients who received limited benefit from combined modality treatment were those who had biopsy only or who had poor performance status. Both concurrent temozolomide/radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide were well tolerated. Severe grade 3 or 4 myelosuppressive toxicity occurred in less than 5% of patients in the combination arm. Adverse events were analyzed during radiotherapy (with or without concomitant temozolomide), adjuvant therapy, and the entire study period from entry until disease progression or last follow-up. No grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was reported in the group treated with radiotherapy alone. Overall, grade 3 and 4 hematologic toxicity was reported in 19 patients (7%) during concomitant temozolomide/radiotherapy; grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was seen in 12 patients (4%), and grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia in nine patients (3%). During adjuvant chemotherapy, grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity was reported in 14% of patients, 4% had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, and 11% had grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia. Severe infections were reported in six patients (2%) in the radiotherapy group and in nine patients (3%) receiving concomitant temozolomide/radiotherapy. Severe infections were reported in 12 patients (5%) receiving adjuvant temozolomide therapy.
The most common non-hematologic toxicity during radiotherapy was moderate–severe fatigue in 26% of the control group and 33% of those who received concomitant temozolomide. Thromboembolic events occurred in 16 patients in the control group and 12 in the radiotherapy/temozolomide group, for a total of 28%. Pneumonia was reported in five patients and three patients, respectively; opportunistic infections occurred in one patient in each group.
At a median follow-up of two years, no evidence of treatment-induced, late-toxic effects has been seen, including cognitive deficits and the development of secondary hematologic malignancies.
At study completion, 512 patients (268 in the radiotherapy-alone group and 244 in the temozolomide/ radiotherapy group) had disease progression. In both groups, 23% of patients underwent further resection, and 72% of the control group and 58% of the radiotherapy/temozolomide group received further chemotherapy. Response to salvage chemotherapy was not recorded.
Who Benefits from Treatment
Despite the excellent results obtained from this trial, not all patients with GBM responded to temozolomide and benefited from the combined treatment.A companion study to the randomized trial has reported that methylation of the MGMT promoter (i.e. MGMT silencing) in GBM tumor samples of patients enrolled in the study was a strong and independent prognostic factor for prolonged survival, and an independent predictor of benefit from the combined modality treatment.12 The main mechanism of cellular resistance to temozolomide is believed to be expression of MGMT, and silencing of the MGMT promoter in a tumor cell results in low expression of this enzyme.13 In the author's study, the MGMT promoter was methylated in 45% of 206 evaluable cases. For patients whose tumors had a methylated MGMT promotor, median survival was 21.7 months for patients who received temozolomide compared with 15.3 months for those who only received radiotherapy as part of their initial treatment. More impressively, two-year survival was 46% for patients with heavily methylated MGMT who received temozolomide concomitantly and adjuvantly with radiotherapy. MGMT promoter methylation status therefore appears to be the first molecular genetic determinant of outcome and treatment response for GBM.
Limitations of the Study and Future Directions
While concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy with radiotherapy is likely to become an SOC for most patients with newly diagnosed GBM, it is not a cure, and further therapeutic advances are required. The author's study was not designed to examine the relative benefits of the concurrent compared with the adjuvant phase of temozolomide therapy, and given the gravity of this disease, it is unlikely that a trial will be conducted to investigate directly this issue. More importantly, it is not clear at this time whether this regimen has been optimized for maximal benefit, and perhaps better results can be achieved by prolonging and intensifying the duration of the adjuvant phase of temozolomide treatment. Future trials for GBM will determine whether treatment intensification of temozolomide can improve upon the striking results obtained in this study. Treatment intensification by administering more temozolomide for a longer duration has two goals – firstly, it may provide further benefit to patients whose tumors have a methylated MGMT promoter, and are already benefiting from temozolomide exposure, and secondly, it may prove to be of particular benefit to those patients whose tumors do not express methylated MGMT promoter and who are currently not receiving much benefit from temozolomide as it was administered in the author's study. Methylation status of the MGMT promoter was a strong and independent prognostic factor for survival and a predictor of treatment response in the phase III
trial conducted by the EORTC and NCIC. These results were obtained retrospectively, and were based on results from 206 of 573 patients who were enrolled. For these reasons, methylation status of the MGMT promoter needs further evaluation, and plans are underway to incorporate this molecular marker as a stratification factor in future phase III trials of GBM. Moreover, MGMT promoter status is not the only marker of response and resistance to temozolomide chemotherapy. In the author's study, a number of patients whose tumors had methylated MGMT promoter had a poor outcome even when treated with combined chemoradiotherapy. Future trials for GBM will have translational research strategies integrated into their design to identify other potential molecular markers for favorable outcome and response to therapy.
The phase III trial of temozolomide with radiotherapy for newly diagnosed GBM conducted by the EORTC and NCIC has defined a new SOC for this disease. It represents a major advance in the management of GBM, and will serve as the touchstone for subsequent studies that will build on these promising results. It is likely that this regimen will also be studied in some way in other malignant gliomas such as anaplastic astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma.While this trial justifies the use of temozolomide chemotherapy for GBM, a great deal more work is required if this disease is ever to be curable or even controllable, and new agents with activity against GBM will need to be identified for such advances to occur.


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Easy Chicken Marsala
Chicken Marsala is one of the true classics that has stood the test of time for a reason. It's easy to make and absolutely delicious, with a creamy Marsala sauce, baby bella mushrooms, and fresh thyme. It takes less than 30 minutes to make, and it's all done in one pan!
My first experience with this classic dish was at a restaurant I worked at in high school, which is unsurprising given the fact that this is so often served in dining establishments of all kinds.
A lot of times people assume that restaurant food is hard to make, but that's definitely not true here. This is one of the easiest recipes you can prepare yourself. The reason they serve it at a lot of restaurants is because it's such a delicious recipe!
What Does It Taste Like?
Chicken Marsala is a type of creamy braised chicken dish with mushrooms. Breast pieces are dredged in flour, browned in the pan, then braised in a creamy mushroom Marsala wine sauce.
It's very aromatic from the mushrooms, garlic, fresh thyme, and the Marsala wine, which has such a complexity of flavor. It's hard to describe the wine if you've never tasted it, but if you've cooked with any type of wine before, you're already familiar with how much it can elevate a dish.
Why You'll Love This Recipe
Satiating and delicious – This is a pretty mighty main course, with plenty of protein, rich dairy, and mushrooms. It has great flavor and is one of my favorite meat sauces.
Made in one pan – The entire dish is cooked in one pan, so dishwashing is kept at a minimum.
Less than 30 minutes to prepare – This is quick and easy enough to qualify for any weeknight meal. The entire recipe is cooked in less than 30 minutes.
Leftovers keep beautifully – So often leftovers are not as good as the freshly made recipe, but that's not true here. The leftovers are just as good, and this can easily be reheated in the microwave.
Ingredients You'll Need:
The Chicken Marsala ingredients you'll need are chicken breasts, baby bella mushrooms, fresh thyme, heavy cream, all-purpose flour, butter, garlic, chicken broth, and Marsala wine.
What Kind of Wine To Use
Marsala is a fortified wine originating from Sicily, and it ranges from dry to sweet varieties.
The best marsala wine for chicken marsala would be any kind that's on the dry side, but truth be told, most grocery stores I see only carry one kind anyway. Don't stress too much over this. Even if you can only find sweet marsala, this dish takes well to it because the dairy already has a natural sweetness.
Step by Step Guide
As an overview, here's what this recipe involves:
- Season chicken breasts with salt and pepper.
- Dredge each piece in flour.
- Brown meat in skillet, then remove from pan.
- Cook mushrooms with thyme, Marsala wine, and garlic.
- Add cream and chicken broth, then add meat back.
- Simmer until the meat is cooked through and the sauce thickens.
Season the Meat
Traditionally, chicken breast cutlets are used for this dish, which ensures quick cooking and a nice ratio of sauce to meat.
Because the breast pieces I had today were pretty small and not too thick (5 breasts totaling 1.5lbs), I left them whole. However, most storebought chicken breasts are huge, so if this is what you have, I recommend cutting them. I share how to cut breast pieces into thin cutlets in my Chicken Milanese post, or you can purchase these already cut at the store. Make sure the meat is no thicker than a half inch. Pound it out with a meat mallet or rolling pin if needed.
Season the boneless skinless chicken breasts on both sides with salt and black pepper:
I do this by eye, but 3/4 to 1 teaspoon of kosher salt per pound of meat is a good guideline. Keep in mind that table salt is typically "saltier" than kosher salt.
Dredge In Flour
After the meat has been seasoned, coat each piece well in all-purpose flour, shaking off the excess back into the shallow dish.
This flour coating will help the exterior brown, and also thicken the creamy marsala wine sauce.
Brown the meat
Melt butter (or olive oil) in a large skillet or braising dish over medium-high heat, and add the chicken breasts.
Cook for about 5 minutes on each side, until nearly cooked through and golden brown on the exterior. I find I can get them to about 150F here, which is sufficient for now. It's better not to cook them fully to 165 right now so we can ensure tender chicken breasts at the end.
Cook the mushrooms
Remove the meat to a plate temporarily, leaving the browned bits in the pan.
Then add sliced baby bella mushrooms, fresh thyme, and a dry Marsala wine, to deglaze the pan:
Can you use other mushrooms?
Baby bella mushrooms are my favorite choice here for flavor and cost. These are also called cremini mushrooms, and are actually just a more mature version of the white button mushrooms that you see next to them at the grocery store.
Feel free to use any variety of mushrooms that you enjoy that sautees well. Wild mushrooms are a splurge, but excellent. I recommend hen of the woods and oyster varieties.
Cook this mushroom mixture for about 3 minutes until the wine has mostly cooked off, then add fresh garlic:
Cook the garlic for 1 minute, stirring frequently.
Add the rest of the braising liquid
To finish the chicken marsala sauce, add heavy cream and chicken broth (or chicken stock):
Bring the liquid to a simmer, then add the meat back to the sauce, along with any leftover juices from the plate. Be careful not to let the liquid reach a raging boil, or the dairy may curdle.
Braise the meat
Let the meat cook gently as the creamy sauce simmers and reduces, basting the tops with the sauce as it cooks.
After about 5 minutes, the rich marsala wine sauce should be fairly reduced and thickened, and the meat should be completely cooked through to 165F.
Great Side Dishes That Pair Well
If you're wondering what to serve with this creamy Chicken Marsala, simple starches are the perfect choice. Options like Rice Pilaf and Crispy Smashed Potatoes are my go-to choices because they play so nicely with the marsala sauce without stealing the show. Brown rice is even nice here for its nutty flavor. Angel hair is also a classic choice.
You can also try simple vegetables like Roasted Cauliflower, Roasted Carrots, or Roasted Sweet Potatoes for great chicken marsala sides, and you can cook them in the oven while this is cooking on the stove. Simple roasted vegetables benefit from the savory sauce.
Enjoy your delicious chicken marsala!
For more easy chicken recipes, try Chicken with Mustard Cream Sauce, Tex Mex Chicken Casserole, Chicken Milanese, Or my favorite Chicken Florentine!
Recipe FAQ and Tips
Keep in an airtight container in the fridge for up to 5 days. I don't recommend freezing, because dairy sauces always curdle in the freezer.
It won't be the same, but this dish would still taste good with other options such as Madeira, Sherry, or Port. You can also try a half amount of Brandy, or other types of dry white wine.
Definitely! Hen of the woods mushrooms are great, as are porcini and chanterelles. Any mushroom that sautes well is a good choice.
Yes, but cook time will be longer. Cook to 175F using an instant read thermometer.
Did you enjoy the recipe? Please leave a 5-star rating in the recipe card below and/or a review in the comments section further down the page. Or, follow me on Facebook, Instagram or Pinterest!
Easy Chicken Marsala with Mushrooms
- 1.5 lbs chicken breasts* (I had 5) no more than 1/2" thick
- kosher salt
- freshly ground black pepper
- 1/2 cup all-purpose flour for dredging
- 4 tbsp butter salted or unsalted
- 8 oz baby bella mushrooms sliced
- 10 sprigs fresh thyme plus extra for garnish
- 1/2 cup Marsala wine**
- 2 cloves garlic minced or pressed
- 1/2 cup heavy cream
- 1/2 cup chicken broth or stock
- Season the chicken breasts on both sides with salt and pepper. 3/4 to 1 teaspoon of kosher salt per pound of meat is a good guideline if you are not seasoning your meat by eye. Keep in mind that table salt is typically "saltier" than kosher salt.
- Place the flour in a bowl and coat the chicken breasts evenly, shaking off any excess.
- Over medium high heat, melt the butter in a large skillet or braiser (I used a 14" Le Creuset braiser pan), then brown the flour-dredged chicken for about 5 minutes each side, until 150F inside. We want to mostly cook them through, but they don't need to be completely cooked at this point.
- Remove the chicken to a plate, then add the mushrooms, thyme, and Marsala wine. Cook, stirring frequently, for about 3 minutes, until the wine has mostly cooked off.
- Add the garlic, and stir for 1 minute.
- Add the heavy cream and chicken broth. Bring to a simmer, and cook for 2 minutes.
- Add the chicken back to the pan, including any juices on the plate. Simmer for about 5 more minutes, basting the chicken in the sauce, until the sauce has thickened and reduced down, and the meat is fully cooked with an internal temperature of 165F. Garnish with extra thyme leaves, then serve and enjoy!
Nutrition is estimated using a food database and is only intended to be used as a guideline for informational purposes.


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Discover the perfect first-date idea for your new beau this Valentine's Day.


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The Small Boat of Great Sorrows by Dan Fesperman Published by Alfred A. Knopf 352 pages, 2003 |
Battle Fatigue Reviewed by Sarah Weinman When is murder ever trivial? Merely posing that question seems to violate one of the basic tenets of crime fiction. Usually, a death investigated has some sort of meaning to somebody -- the private detective, the cop, the victim's family. A sense of outrage is felt, a sense of justice is acted upon. Yet the murders depicted in crime novels -- at least those set in affluent regions such as North America and Britain -- occur in cities and towns otherwise unaffected by extreme acts of violence like sniper fire and landmines. The horrors of war are unknown to these folk. They haven't become desensitized to death. The wartime crime novel is nothing new; leading authors such as John Le Carré and Graham Greene once made this subgenre their own, and there have been countless novels published since -- by J. Robert Janes (Beekeeper), Phillip Kerr (March Violets), John Katzenbach (Hart's War), Joseph Kanon (The Good German) and others -- that have plundered the conflicts and atrocities of the Second World War. Yet there is always room for a new voice and a fresh approach to crime in the midst of combat. When Lie in the Dark, the first novel from Baltimore Sun foreign correspondent Dan Fesperman, appeared on the scene back in 1999, it was showered with accolades and awards, including the UK's John Creasey Dagger for Best Debut Novel. These commendations came with good reason: The book's gripping plot, involving police corruption and art smuggling, was set against the backdrop of Bosnia in the midst of war, and showed characters dealing with hostilities that had ripped the Balkan region into fragments, exposing ethnic conflicts that had simmered beneath the surface for hundreds of years. In the story, homicide detective Vlado Petric tried desperately to maintain a sense of dignity and routine as he investigated an "ordinary" murder, all the while battling the increasingly bleak outlook as his hometown of Sarajevo faced continual fighting -- even when those who fought barely understood the underlying reasons for their battles. Lie in the Dark finished with Vlado in a precarious position: hidden on a cargo plane headed for Frankfurt, Germany. He had escaped the numbing familiarity of war, and seemed ready to face whatever came next. But the follow-up was a long time in coming. Only now has The Small Boat of Great Sorrows emerged; fortunately, it was well worth the extended wait. As we learn in this new novel, Vlado made it to Western soil and has relocated to Berlin, firmly reunited there with his wife and daughter (who'd escaped Bosnia more than two years before he did.) The Balkan War has ended in cease-fire, and war criminals are now captured and tried on a regular basis. Still, more than four years after escaping, Vlado's investigative skills have been shunted aside in order to support his family. But one day, when he returns home from his current job on a Berlin construction site, a stranger awaits in his living room. Calvin Pine is an American lawyer working for the Hague-based War Crimes Tribunal, and he offers Vlado an intriguing opportunity: to go back undercover to Bosnia and lure out Pero Matek, a war criminal who's been at large for more than 50 years after committing atrocities at the Bosnian camp of Jasenovac. Once captured, Matek is to be traded for Marko Andric, a Serbian general wanted for his role in the more recent massacre at Srebrenica. This is by no means an easy or thankful task, but after nearly five years away, Vlado feels the tug of his homeland: ... Vlado wasn't sure that he wanted to be reclaimed, especially if it meant going back to police work in a country where the economy had gone to hell and half the population was still nursing a grudge. It was the sort of work that tended to turn honesty into a game, a series of bargaining sessions between integrity and expedience. If you weren't careful you found yourself slapping backs and buying rounds with all the wrong people. When he returns to Sarajevo, Vlado undergoes a series of shocks, not all to do with the changes that city has undergone since he left. His old apartment is occupied by a family of refugees from a faraway town long torn apart by warfare. Some friends remain in town, but many have moved on or died. And it turns out that Pine and his cronies at the War Crimes Tribunal kept Vlado in the dark about the true, more personal reason for his involvement in this case. Apparently, Matek and Vlado's long-deceased father were old friends, a revelation that shakes the Bosnian former cop to his very core. As a simple trade becomes increasingly complex and dangerous, past sins from a long-ago war intertwine with long-held secrets, and in the process, Vlado learns some uncomfortable -- and potentially lethal -- truths about his family. What makes The Small Boat of Great Sorrows such a remarkable novel is the way so many different subjects are linked in such a seamless manner. This would be a fine work had only the aftermath of the breakup of Yugoslavia been examined, and a superior one if the current strife had simply been contrasted against the ripple effects of war more than a half-century old. But Fesperman doesn't stop there. This is no ordinary tale about a nation torn by warfare, nor simply a wonderfully plotted mystery. It's also a splendid study of character, of the strain and struggle underlying familial relationships, and of how history continues to inform the decisions made today, and in the future. Much of this story's potency and power rests on Vlado Petric's thoughts and actions, and many a novel would collapse under the weight of such a burden on the main protagonist. But Vlado is no caricature, languishing only in black-and-white brushstrokes; he exists as a wide spectrum of gray. He can be heroic, yet he's also prone to bouts of melancholy. He shutters his emotions deeply inside, yet doesn't block them out entirely. He tries to be a good husband and loving father, but the years of separation between himself and his wife, Jasmina, have taken some toll. He has to get to know her all over again, and realize that while the war stagnated his life for two years, she had to go on in her own way. Above all, Vlado Petric is a survivor, and it's his sheer ability to take what comes and step back, assess the situation and go from there that keeps him afloat as he navigates a minefield of secrets and lies. He may not always be likable, but he is a man of honor and tries to do the right thing, even when that goal seems elusive. Ultimately, The Small Boat of Great Sorrows is about how much things change over time, and yet how little they do, as well. The events of history always inform the present -- yet, the same mistakes are repeated again and again. Family ties stay strong even after years of estrangement and duplicity. The lessons of World War II may not have resonated as deeply as they ought to have, as ethnic conflicts played such a fundamental role in the deep chasms underlying the civil wars of Yugoslavia. But where there could be bleakness, instead there is hope. When Vlado returns to his homeland, he is faced with a rush of emotions. There is sadness and loss, but also joy and possibility: Vlado was surprised at how soon he felt at home in the streets, although every corner brought a rush of powerful memories, some from well before the war but most of them from the siege. Places where he'd seen bodies crumpled in the streets. Alleys once piled with cars as a barrier against sniper fire. Some of the steel and glass towers that had been burned out and shelled still stood empty, but no-one paid them the slightest attention. New trees sprouted near the stumps of old ones that had been chopped down for firewood. It remains to be seen whether Vlado's future includes a permanent return to Bosnia, but that country will remain a part of him and always linger in his memory. So, too, will this book linger in the memory of the reader long after its last page has been turned. The Small Boat of Great Sorrows is a rich, absorbing work; I just hope the wait won't be nearly as long for the next step in Dan Fesperman's novel-writing career. His is an assured, confident and compassionate voice, and one that is absolutely not to be missed. | October 2003 Sarah Weinman is a regular contributor to January Magazine. |


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15 Best Daniel Craig Movies of all Time
Entering The Full Swing Of The Black Creative Renaissance
David Arquettefeatures as the lead in this movie, Chris McCormick, who returns to town after 10 years and still has a thing for the pretty sheriff. Together the sheriff (Kari Wuhrer) and Chris must lead in a struggle against the monstrous spiders.
Starship troopersis based on Robert A. Heinleinsscience fictionnovel with the same name. It projects a futuristic world where kids are sent for military training to fight the alien bugs in space, who are bent upon destroying human race.
Playing Johnnys best friend with psychic powers is Neil Patrick (everyones favorite character, Barney Stinson from HIMYM).Starship Trooperswas nominated for an Oscar in Best Visuals category and surely ranks amongst the most action packed giant insect monster movies ever.
17 Best Giant Bug Movies of All Time
DirectorGuillermo Del Toros brilliant visual sense helps in puttingMimicahead of its competitor movies with similar plots. The movie features a very attractiveMira Sorvinoas an entomologist, Dr. Susan Tyler (Academy Award and Golden Globe winner for her role inMighty Aphrodite).
Writers Tom Chaney and Steve Hodge, and director Gary Jones play on your worst fears in this flick where an alien dump helps mosquitoes become vulture sized, human killing beasts. Lead starsRachel LoiselleandTim Lovelacealong with others look to defeat these mutants.
GGG vs. Martirosyan Offical Fight Night Thread
Here is a movie where instead of any bugs getting super-sized, the reverse happens and four kids are shrunk to nano-versions by an electromagnetic shrinking machine in a cartoon like blunder. Although Joe Johnstons venture did not receive high rating from credible movie sites, it does have a good story line and applaudable special effects.
Leading roles in Paul Verhoevens venture are taken by Casper Van Dien who plays Johnny Rico and by a sultry American fashion model,Denise Richards, who plays Lt. Carmen Ibanez.
15 Best Pierce Brosnan Movies of All Time
15 Best Netflix Exclusives That You Shouldnt Miss
Cooper (Chris Marquette) as a lazy worker and Sara (Brooke Nevin), his boss daughter, along with other survivors look to evade the bugs and find a solution. Love is indeed the most powerful emotion. Even in midst of flying giant bugs, Cooper and the super-attractive Sara fall for each other.
She comes up with a genetically engineered bug that mimics and kills cockroaches, which are spreading a plague causing deaths of children. Thought to be sterile, the bugs somehow evolve and start mimicking their new victim humans.
Roger Cormans idea ofa horror/sci-fi involvesa cosmetics queen turning into a giant wasp when her greed to look young turns on her. A very attractiveSusan Cabotplays the lead star, as the owner of a cosmetic company, who falls for an untested serum which promises to make her look young again.
The four shrunk kids adventure is amusing as they brave their way past routine things which become monstrous for them due to their miniature size.Honey, I Shrunk the Kidswon the BAFTA film award.
It took Corman 5 days to produce this movie with a mysterious movie poster depicting a giant wasp woman clutching a frightened man which is not related to any scene in the movie. Perhaps alluding the trap of women, or their hold on men? We will let you decide.
An eccentric idea put forward by writer ofInvasion of Bee Girlswomen can exhaust men sexually to the point of death. Lead actressAnitra Forddons the role of a scientist, Dr. Susan, researching bees.
Death of farm animals leads the vet Rack Hansen (William Shatner) along with Dr. Diane Ashley (Tiffany Bolling) to investigate the matter only to find that gigantic killer spiders have overrun the town.
Humans have always been intimidated by species larger than themselves. Hence large aliens, dinosaurs and predators make some of the favourite features of sci-fi/horror genre. One of the lesser featured but equally creepy are giant bugs which come in many forms and sizes. Here we take a look at 17 best giant bug movies of all time that managed to intrigue us the most:
Eight Legged Freaksis written and directed byEllory Elkayemas a sci-fi comedy with a simple plot, a spider fanatics blunder of causing all spider species to escape couple with a chemical spill that causes them to grow to the size of a small truck.
15 Best Denzel Washington Movies of All Time
A cross betweena comedy and a horror movie, Kyle Rankin has produced a bug movie that will keep you entertained for 90 minutes. The plot is somewhat predictable, in giant bug movie world giant bugs attack the city and our protagonist must save the day.
Find us on the Web20, 816Fans13K5.6K1.4K105
Mysterious deathslead to government agent Neil (William Smith) investigating the matter. He finds Dr. Susan has created monstrous women, who seduce men with their beauty and kill them.
Chillopedia is a growing information blog which focuses on various different genres that span the entire cultural spectrum.
Our hatred for the buzzing, blood sucking nuisance of an insect, the mosquitoes, is universal. Imagine these annoying flying, malaria causing beings to become gigantic? Not a very pleasing thought.
Remember how Ron Weasley follows the spiders into the woods only to find his worst nightmare in giant sizes and huge numbers (Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets).Kingdom of Spiders, directed by John Cardos, has a similar story.


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There is no permanent system of storage of broiler chickens and eggs in the country. So even if there is no demand in the market,
Bankers Selection Committee Secretariat has published the written examination schedule of the candidates who have cleared the MCQ examination for the post of 'Senior Officer
Bagerhat's Rampal thermal power plant is going to be restarted after a month of shutdown due to coal crisis. The coal-fired power plant is expected
Bangladesh's first three-wheeler manufactured by Runner Automobiles Limited uses only colors supplied by Kansai Nerolac Paints. Runner Automobiles PLC manufactures this three-wheeler at their plant
10 eminent persons have demanded the removal of existing commercial establishments from the city's parks and playgrounds. This claim was made in a statement sent
Karnaphuli Ship Builders Limited wants to launch ships by sea for Hajj pilgrims of Bangladesh. The company says that it will take 10 days by
Taijul Islam shifted his residence from Mirpur area to another area to avoid suffering during the construction work of Metrorail. Recently, this official of a
Once upon a time the release of exam results was a picture of joy and pain in educational institutions. Because, there was no other way
For four to five years, the biopic of former Indian cricket team captain Sourav Ganguly has been discussed. On 9 September 2021, Sourav and Luv
The streaming giant gained 5.1% following a double upgrade to buy from sell by CFRA. The firm said it would be difficult for competitors to catch


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A partner in Dorsey's New York Office, Nick Akerman is a trial lawyer specializing in both complex civil and criminal cases. He has a well-established expertise on data compliance, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, and the Economic Espionage Act. Prior to private practice Nick served as a federal prosecutor. He was an Assistant United States Attorney in the Southern District of New York, where he prosecuted a wide array of white collar criminal matters, including bank frauds, bankruptcy frauds, stock frauds, complex financial frauds, environmental and tax crimes. He is a nationally recognized expert on computer crime and the protection of competitively sensitive information and computer data. Nick regularly obtains injunctions for his clients under the federal Computer Fraud and Abuse Act in various federal courts around the country requiring computer thieves to return stolen computer data and prohibiting the dissemination of the data to competitors. He also consults with clients in developing systems, policies and protocols to protect computer data.
Nick spoke about cybersecurity related cases he has dealt with and legal challenges we can face at an interview conducted by LIFARS.
LIFARS: As a lawyer dealing with complex civil and criminal issues relating to cybersecurity, what would you say are some of the toughest challenges you face in today's environment?
Nick: The biggest challenge that I face in dealing with clients and prospective clients is having companies understand the breadth of the problem. Cybersecurity is not just an IT issue; it involves other stake holders in the company who have to collaborate if you're really going to have a comprehensive cybersecurity program. Some of these players include:
- HR and Legal, which are responsible for company rules, employee agreements and training and traditionally assist in responding to company data breaches
- Risk Management, which along with legal, reviews the adequacy of the company's cyber insurance and compliance, which is often the logical focus of the company's data protection efforts
Once you deal with involving the appropriate stakeholders, the question becomes: How do you deal with cybersecurity in a comprehensive manner? The current trend, encouraged by federal and state regulators, is to establish an effective data compliance program. Smart companies are adopting the dictates of the federal sentencing guidelines, what has been recognized as the compliance gold standard. This means following 7 steps set forth in those guidelines and adopting them to the protection of data:
- Promulgating standards and procedures
- Establishing a high level oversight of the program that includes the board of directors
- Not placing responsibility with individuals who pose a risk for unethical behavior
- Communicating the program to the entire workforce
- Conducting periodic audits of the effectiveness of the program
- Consistently enforcing the promulgated standards and procedures
- Establishing mechanisms for employees to report violations
My biggest challenge when coming into a client is actually looking at certain areas of risk or flashpoints to determine whether a company has in place the elements that will make for a good data compliance program. These include:
- Hiring Process; that's where the company has the opportunity to first explain to employees what the rules are with respect to data. It is also a danger point where people who are being hired from a competitor might bring into the company data belonging to their former employer, creating potential criminal and civil liability for the company.
- Company Rules; how do they address the protection of data and the new laws that keep changing and evolving, whether it is judicial opinions or statutes?
- Agreements clients have with their workforce as well as third parties (cloud providers or contractors). Do these agreements take into account the new technologies and adequately protect the data?
- Technology; is it achieving the company's legal goals? Do employees only have access to information on a need to know basis? Does the technology capture information in such a way that you can provide an evidentiary basis to prove a case in court? Does the technology create an audit trail so that if someone hacks in from the outside, or an insider steals data, you have the best possible proof to show what was taken and when?
- Response Protocols; do they exist if in fact there is a breach, whether it be an insider or outsider attack?
- Insurance; does the company's general liability cover cybersecurity risks or is it appropriate to have a special cyber policy?
So those are all of the challenges I deal with, particularly when dealing with a new client in this area.
LIFARS: What are the first steps you recommend when a client calls you with a cybersecurity breach?
Nick: The first thing you need to know are the facts. You need to get a forensic investigator in as fast as possible, to determine what actually happened, if anything! To give you an example, I had a client who called me, and said that they had heard from three customers who were complaining that they thought that their information from the company database had been compromised because they were mysteriously contacted by a third party who appeared knowledgeable about the information that was contained on the client's database. That doesn't necessarily mean there was a breach, but it certainly gives you a basis to do further investigation.
If you're dealing with personal information and you are required to respond to one of the 47 state laws that mandate notification of the breach to affected consumers, you need to have a reasonable basis to believe there was an unauthorized breach to the personal information. So the first question becomes: Was there an unauthorized access and if so, was personal information compromised in the course of that breach? Most companies obviously would not like to have to notify their customers that the personal information entrust to them has been stolen – Not a positive development in terms of a business relationship.
If you also have evidence that would in some way identify the perpetrator, you then have legal remedies under 2 federal statutes:
- The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act – it allows victims of computer crime to sue in federal court
- Economic Espionage Act – As of May, this statute also allows you to go into federal court to sue for damages and injunctive relief for the theft of trade secret data, and in those circumstances where you can show imminent danger of the data being disseminated in the marketplace, a court can issue a seizure order directing an immediate to retrieval of the data
In certain circumstances, you may find that the best option is to provide whatever evidence you have to the authorities, the Secret Service or the FBI.
A lot of companies who contact me though have not given advanced thought to their Incident Response plan and waste a lot of precious time in identifying the appropriate forensic examiner to perform the investigation. Also problematic are companies who use their own internal IT people, thinking that they have the expertise to perform forensic investigations. What they do not realize is that by simply opening a file or a program without the proper forensic software, they are destroying thousands of date/time stamps that are potentially valuable evidence in determining the facts of the incident.
A cybersecurity savvy company will have a breach response plan set up in advance to that they have someone they can call immediately to conduct the investigation.
LIFARS: How do the information security laws here in the United States compare to the legal framework you might find abroad?
Nick: Let's start with the EU: they have essentially a unified system that is based on the privacy of personal information. In the United States, in contrast, there are 47 states that have separate breach notification laws relating to personal information. They are all similar to some extent, but they also all have different requirements. There have been a number of efforts to pass a national breach notification law in Congress – and none of them have passed. The closest we have come is in the Health Care industry with the HITECH Act, a national breach law that relates to personal health information. The biggest problem in the US is that Congress has yet to pass a comprehensive cybersecurity law, and just like I advocate that companies should look at cybersecurity from a comprehensive viewpoint, the U.S. government should obviously be doing the same. The Obama Administration has tried to put in place certain policies but without congressional legislation and a political agreement on an overall program, we will continue to lag behind. Even China is now proposing a national cybersecurity law that will establish national standards for dealing with this problem.
LIFARS: With the growing prominence of cybersecurity, what do you think the biggest legal challenges will be in the future?
Nick: By far and by none, the biggest challenge is going to be cooperation among various foreign governments. This has become an international cross-border problem, and it is magnified because you have people in other parts of the world taking advantage of the limited law enforcement jurisdiction of nations and what they can do when someone hacks into a system from another country and data is dispersed all over the world. We need to come up with a way for countries to cooperate and attack this problem comprehensively.
The other big challenge is keeping up with the technology and the changing regulations and laws that relate to cybersecurity. It is a moving target. Unfortunately, most companies are not equipped to keep apace of this fast moving and changing environment.
Finally, the United States itself needs to come up with a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity, which to date has been a failure of its political institutions.
Nick speaks and writes regularly on protecting computer data, including in his regular column for the National Law Journal. He was a contributor and a quoted expert in the first global study highlighting the vulnerability of the world's intellectual property and sensitive information that was released by McAfee on January 29, 2009, at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. He has been a featured quoted expert on computer fraud and computer security issues in the New York Times, USA Today, the San Jose Mercury and the Weekly Homeland Security Newsletter. His blog can be found at http://www.computerfraud.us.
Connect with Nick on LinkedIn.


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There is only one United States President that has been impeached twice: Donald Trump. He was first impeached on December 10th, 2019 for "Abuse of Power" and "Obstruction of Congress", and will be impeached for the second time on January 13th, 2021 for "Incitement of Insurrection".
Trump is 1 of just 3 President's to ever be impeached: the others are Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998, both of whom escaped removal from office. Richard Nixon would have been impeached in 1974, but resigned before his impeachment concluded.
Fifteen total US President's have faced impeachment consideration in some form:
- 45th President – Donald J. Trump (2017 – 2021)
- 44th President – Barack Obama (2009 – 2017)
- 43rd President – George W. Bush (2001 – 2009)
- 42nd President – Bill Clinton (1993 – 2001)
- 41st President – George H.W. Bush (1989 – 1993)
- 40th President – Ronald Reagan (1981 – 1989)
- 37th President – Richard Nixon (1969 – 1974)
- 36th President – Lyndon B. Johnson (1963 – 1969)
- 33rd President – Harry S. Truman (1945 – 1953)
- 31st President – Herbert Hoover (1929 — 1933)
- 24th President – Grover Cleveland (1885 – 1889, 1893-1897)
- 18th President – Ulysses S. Grant (1869 – 1877)
- 17th President – Andrew Johnson (1865 – 1869)
- 15th President – James Buchanan (1857 – 1861)
- 10th President – John Tyler (1841 – 1845)
A brief history of these proceedings can be found at Wikipedia.
The 6 most recent President's have faced the prospects of impeachment. The last President who wasn't impeached is Jimmy Carter, the 39th US President, who held office from 1977 to 1981.
At our current rate, every future President of the United States of America will likely face impeachment, but none have jumped so willingly into the belly of the whale as the narcissistic insurrectionist, Donald Trump.
How does impeachment work?
It's very difficult to remove a sitting President, but the process of impeachment is simple:
- The House of Representatives submit a formal impeachment inquiry
- If the House Judiciary Committee finds it worthy, they compose and submit the Articles of Impeachment.
- The House of Representatives vote on impeachment.
- If more than 50% of House members vote for impeachment, the President has technically been impeached, but not yet removed from office- the process continues to the Senate.
- The Senate conducts an impeachment trial.
- If more than 2/3rd of the Senate votes to find the President guilty, the impeachment is successful and the President is removed from office.
What do you need to prove?
Unlike a criminal proceeding where you must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, impeachment investigations have no clear burden of proof.
Allegations in civil cases require a "preponderance of the evidence", federal grand juries require "probably cause", and elsewhere you need only "clear and convincing evidence". However, the Constitution sets no such requirement for impeachment proceedings and members of Congress need only be convinced to their own satisfaction.
What happens if you're impeached?
According to the United States Constitution, the only (potential) additional penalty imposed for being impeached, convicted, and removed from office is a permanent ban from holding federal office in the future.
However, the ban on holding future office is not automatic. If the Senate votes to impeach a President, a separate vote must be conducted to determine if they should be barred from future office, and is decided by a simple majority.
An impeachment trial is not a criminal trial. Its sole purpose is to decide whether or not to remove a sitting President. Any further prosecution must be separate, independent, and follow the proper legal channels.
Reasons for getting impeached
To successfully be impeached, Congress must prove that a sitting US President has committed, "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors".
The phrase "other high crimes and misdemeanors" has not been explicitly defined by the Constitution, leaving Congress to make interpretations themselves. This intentionally vague language allows the interpretation to change over time as the world unpredictably evolves.
Three categories generally accepted by Congress as impeachable offenses include:
- Improperly exceeding or abusing the powers of office
- behavior incompatible with the purpose and function of office
- Misusing the office for an improper purpose or personal gain
The President does not need to have committed a criminal act to be impeached; the House must simply decide (by a majority) that impeachment is deserved and if 2/3rds of the Senate concurs, the President is removed.
Can you be impeached after leaving office?
Although a President's resignation is likely to end impeachment proceedings, a President can still be impeached once they've left office.
Such was the case for Secretary of War William W. Belknap, who in 1876 resigned just minutes before his impeachment proceedings were set to begin. They proceeded anyway (although Belknap was acquitted).
Additional Notes:
- The Chief Justice of the US presides at the Senate Impeachment Trial
- The President cannot use their pardon power to protect individuals from impeachment or removal from office
- Although President Donald Trump has not yet technically been impeached for the 2nd time as of this writing, we fully expect the House of Representative to conclude with successful articles of impeachment.


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Uranium deposits found in Rajasthan, govt issued LOI to Uranium Corporation
Uranium is considered one of the rarest minerals and has a very high density. India has been confirmed to have reserves of more than 2.5 lakh tonnes of uranium and India produces about 2% of the world's uranium. Rajasthan is a major state in the availability and diversity of minerals in India and produces about … Read more