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In The Whole Fish Cookbook, Sydney's groundbreaking seafood chef Josh Niland reveals a completely new way to think about all aspects of fish cookery. From sourcing and butchering to dry ageing and curing, it challenges everything we thought we knew about the subject and invites readers to see fish for what it really is - an amazing, complex source of protein that can, and should, be treated with exactly the same nose-to-tail reverence as meat.
Featuring more than 60 recipes for dozens of fish species ranging from Cod Liver Pate on Toast, Fish Cassoulet and Roast Fish Bone Marrow to - essentially - the Perfect Fish and Chips, The Whole Fish Cookbook will soon have readers seeing that there is so much more to a fish than just the fillet, and that there are more than just a handful of fish in the sea.
The Whole Fish Cookbook - Josh Niland
Por se tratar de uma organização social, não será realizado a devolução de produtos.
Capa dura
Idioma: Inglês
256 páginas
Dimensões: 22.48 x 2.54 x 29.08 cm


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View all products from Malcolm
Colour: Oak Canyon Monument / Grey Wolfram
Estimated Delivery Time
8th March - 15th March
A functional office furniture set including wall cabinet and desk from modern Malcolm furniture range. The wall unit features shelves and two doors and is an ideal storage solution that can be used as a display cabinet, bookcase, storage unit or shelving. The desk includes a practical pull-out keyboard shelf, cabinet and drawer for convenient storage of all your office essentials. The Malcolm office set offers ample space to store and display books, paperwork and other office paraphernalia. Modern design and simple form from Malcolm furniture range manufactured by Black Red White.
Wall Unit Shelf ( SFW2D ) Size: 51 cm (H); 120 cm (W); 31 cm (D)
Desk with Drawer and Cupboard ( BIU1D1S ) Size: 77.5 cm (H); 65 cm (D); 120 cm (W)
Total Weight: 62.2kg
All fixings (apart from wall plugs) are included along with clear and user-friendly assembly instructions.
Furniture comes flat packed and ready for home assembly.
Assembly instructions is available below to download in PDF format.

subset: commoncrawl


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Fort Lauderdale Motorcycle Accident Lawyer
If you or a loved one were injured in a motorcycle accident because of someone else's negligence, you don't have to fight your battles alone. We know that navigating the Florida legal process can be overwhelming. Fortunately, we have the legal expertise necessary to help smooth the process so that you can focus on what's really important—your physical recovery. Contact an experienced Fort Lauderdale motorcycle accident lawyer at our firm today to get a free case evaluation and to learn more about your legal rights and options.
Table of Contents
Looking at Florida Motorcycle Crash Statistics
According to the 2010 Florida Traffic Crash Statistics, released by the state, 6,686 persons were injured in motorcycle accidents that year on Florida roads and highways while 76 lost their lives. While this may not seem excessive, any injuries or fatalities are tragic events involving trauma, tremendous financial repercussions, and temporary or permanent disability problems for victims and their entire families. In the aftermath of such a confusing and devastating incident, being able to rely on the experienced legal ability of an attorney can make a huge difference in your life. Let a Fort Lauderdale motorcycle accident lawyer help you obtain the best results while you concentrate on recovering your health.
Rise in Injuries Due to Motorcycles
Motorcycles have become a popular form of transportation and recreation for Floridians in the last few decades. As a favorable state for tourism, Florida also hosts many motorcycle rallies and events. Due to the increased usage of motorcycles in the state, the risk of traffic accidents involving them has risen. Unfortunately, motorcyclists and their passengers generally suffer the brunt of any accident due to lack of bodily protection. The impact of hitting another vehicle, the road, and other objects can be life-threatening, resulting in catastrophic and even fatal injuries.
While such accidents occur due to the misconduct or wrongdoing of others, injury victims have the right to pursue legal compensation for damages through an injury claim or lawsuit. They and their families may require such compensation to survive spiraling medical costs, loss of wages and income, damage to their bike, and the compounded effects of pain, suffering, and more.
Get Free Advice From An Experienced Motor Vehicle Accident Lawyer. All You Have To Do Is Fill Out Our Free Case Evaluation Form Or Call
954-807-4665Representing Injury Victims Throughout Fort Lauderdale
At Feingold & Posner, P.A., you will find highly qualified legal representation and support in the aftermath of such an accident. A Fort Lauderdale personal injury lawyer at our firm can investigate and manage your claim with the relevant insurance company, taking legal action to ensure that your case is presented in the most effective manner possible. Contact a Fort Lauderdale injury attorney from our firm to learn more.
"These lawyers are not only very efficient, but caring as well. I would not hesitate to refer them to anyone."


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How was Your Experience Been in Handling Auto Accident Cases?
I have a lot of experiencing handling claims involving automobile accidents many occurring at intersections and many involving rear end collisions. There are also automobile accidents that involve pedestrians, and of course, motorcycle accidents are a concern in this country.
What Are The Top Misconceptions About Working With A Personal Injury Attorney?
One of the most common misconceptions is the time involved to resolve these matters. Most people have the impression that these matters can take several years. The fact of the matter is, and I will address the smaller cases, where the damages are less than $10,000, many of those, but not all can be resolved within a nine to twelve month period. As I said, that does not mean all of them, but most can be resolved in that timeframe. The more serious cases can oftentimes be resolved within a year to two years. Those timeframes are not cast in stone, because there are cases that fall outside of those parameters.
How Do Liability Laws Impact Auto Accident Claims In Massachusetts?
Massachusetts is a no-fault state. This means, no matter who is at fault, if the person has personal injury protection (PIP) coverage, they can apply through their own insurance company, or the company they are working for if they were driving a company vehicle. They can apply for no-fault benefits, and possibly collect for lost wages, if they are not in a wage continuation plan, or for medical expenses incurred. You can even collect for pain and suffering, but you must meet certain criteria. Related injuries under pain and suffering are fractures, possible scarring, loss of hearing, loss of sight, loss of limb, and or death resulting from this accident. All medical bills must reach over $2,000. If you fall into this category, then you can bring a claim against the at-fault driver for your pain and suffering.
Let us talk about contributory negligence as well. This means contributory negligence or as referred to in the commonwealth of Massachusetts, comparative negligence. With regards to an automobile injury case, if the party bringing the claim is deemed to be more than fifty percent not at fault, then they can be compensated for their pain and suffering, and related damages, such as lost earnings, or medical expenses. If they were to be ten percent, or even thirty percent at fault, the verdict is reduced by that percentage. As long as they are deemed not to be more than fifty percent at fault for the accident, they can be compensated, but the compensation is reduced by the percentage that they were at fault.
What is the Statute of Limitations for an Auto Accident Claim?
The statute of limitations is three years from the date of the accident for a person who is of majority age. If it is a minor, that would be three years from the date that they attained majority age, which is eighteen. Then the statute is two years for bringing up a claim with PIP benefits. Those benefits that I mentioned earlier would result in $8,000 of compensation in PIP benefits.
What Steps Should Someone Take When Injured in an Auto Accident?
Ideally, in any motor vehicle accident you should always seek medical treatment. If there are any injuries because of a motor vehicle accident, then the 911 system should be in place. After that, I would suggest to speak with an experienced personal injury attorney who handles these specific cases. I would let the attorney take the entire burden off that person's shoulders so they can concentrate on getting better and taking care of what they have to do, and let the attorney protect their rights.
What if the Other Party's Insurance Contacts Me and Asks for a Statement?
It is always best that the individual retain an attorney who is experienced in handling personal injury cases, before you speak to the other party's insurance company. The representative of the insurance company, we have to remember, works for the insurance company. No matter how friendly those solicitors are, they represent the insurance company, and only have that insurance company's best interest, not yours. They might attempt to obtain information from you, which would adversely affect the individual's claim.
For more information on Auto-Accident Claims In Massachusetts, a free initial consultation is your next best step. Get the information and legal answers you are seeking by calling 800.262.9200 today.


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(JTA) — Two French soldiers who posed in front of a Paris synagogue while making an anti-Semitic gesture will be sanctioned by the French army.
The soldiers of the Alpine Hunters elite unit currently are the subject of an investigation, the French military's spokesperson, Bruno Louisfert, told radio station RTL France Tuesday. He said they will be punished for the act.
In an unrelated incident, unidentified vandals caused serious damage to a Jewish school in Marseille in southern France on Tuesday. The same Chabad-affiliated elementary school, Haya Moushka, was targeted in a similar incident three years ago, according to the French Jewish news site alyaexpress-news.com. Tuesday's attack left many shattered windows. The school's toilets also were smashed, along with heating radiators.
Commenting on the actions of the French soldiers who were photographed in front of the synagogue a few weeks ago, Louisfert said Tuesday that they had been identified after being redeployed elsewhere as part of France's Vigipirate anti-terrorist detachments stationed in urban areas. They posed for the photograph in front of the entrance door to the Beth David synagogue in the 16th arrondissement, or municipal district, of the French capital with their left hand placed on their right shoulder and their right hand extended over their right thigh.
Dubbed the "quenelle," the gesture is the brainchild of the anti-Semitic comedian Dieudonne, who invented several anti-Semitic words and gestures seen to be too vague to violate France's law forbidding hate speech and Holocaust denial. The quenelle is thought to echo the Nazi salute. Diedonne has also referred to the Holocaust as "Shoannanas" — a combination of the Hebrew word for the Nazi genocide against the Jews and the French word for pineapple.
CRIF, the umbrella organization of French Jewish communities, called the soldiers' actions "shocking and disconcerting."


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A new addition to the popular Agnes collection by Kay+Stemmer, the freestanding Agnes hall stand is similar in form and profile to the high shelving unit. With a notably softened look, the design retains its aesthetic beauty from whichever angle you look at it.
The hall stand features a low slatted shelf for shoes, one single low shelf and two high shelves. The central section is recessed with two cross slats at the back, the higher of which has five coat hooks, the lower with four. This utilitarian addition to the collection is ideal for hallways, it features elegant radius edges and gently tapered forms.
— Dimension | Inches —


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COVID-19 News and Information
NEW YORK (WABC) -- Gov. Andrew Cuomo said the White House Chief of Staff revealed the Trump administration's coronavirus policy when he said that "we're not going to control the pandemic."
Cuomo said Mark Meadows' comment on CNN's "State of the Union" Sunday morning amounted to a preemptive "surrender."
The governor said the statement was telling and basically admitted the way the administration has handled the pandemic since the start.
"They capitulated, they surrendered, they surrendered without firing a shot. It was the great American surrender. Americans don't surrender," Cuomo said. "And they didn't even put up a fight. And what we learned in New York was, if you put up a fight, you would have one. Because New York won. Other states won also. We cant control the virus. Trump's theory -- preemptive capitulation -- don't even try. Just surrender preemptively. President Trump, Commander in Chief, gets attacked by an enemy and his policy - preemptive capitulation. That's what we did. And now we have 217,000 people dead."
Cuomo said Meadows is fundamentally wrong on the facts because "we are in the state of New York, and New York proved definitively, you can control the virus."
He went on to say that the nation is in the current situation because they didn't believe they could control the virus.
"Flattening the curve is controlling the virus," Cuomo said. "Controlling is a different word than eliminating. We controlled the virus. So he is wrong. But that's what they believe. And that's why they never tried to control the virus."
RELATED | Surging coronavirus cases color White House race in closing days
White House officials on Sunday scoffed at the notion of dialing back in-person campaigning despite positive tests from several aides to Vice President Mike Pence, who leads the White House coronavirus task force.
Meadows, when pressed to explain why the pandemic cannot be reined in, said, "Because it is a contagious virus just like the flu." He told CNN's "State of the Union" that the government was focused on getting effective therapeutics and vaccines to market.
Pence, who tested negative on Sunday, according to his office, planned an afternoon rally in North Carolina, while the president was scheduled to be in New Hampshire and Maine. Democrat Joe Biden attended church in the morning and planned to participate in a virtual get-out-the-vote concert at night. His running mate Kamala Harris spoke to a drive-in church service outside Detroit and was spending the day in Michigan. The California senator appeared to have the White House in mind when she praised first responders as "people who reject the notion that we cannot control this virus."
The U.S. set a daily record Friday for new confirmed coronavirus infections and nearly matched it Saturday with 83,178, data published by Johns Hopkins University shows. Close to 8.6 million Americans have contracted the coronavirus since the pandemic began, and about 225,000 have died; both totals are the world's highest.
Despite the rising virus numbers, the White House says the U.S. economy needs to fully reopen and it has tried to counter Biden's criticism that Trump is not doing enough to contain the worst U.S. public health crisis in more than a century.
"What we need to do is make sure that we have the proper mitigation factors, whether it's therapies or vaccines or treatments to make sure that people don't die from this," Meadows said. "But to suggest that we're going to actually quarantine all of America, lock down our economy. ... Joe Biden is saying that."
Biden has said he would only shut down the country if that is what government scientists advise. He has said that if elected he would make the case for why a national mask mandate might be necessary and would go to the governors to help increase Americans' mask-wearing.
ALSO READ | Trump calls New York 'ghost town' during presidential debate
(The Associated Press contributed to this report.)
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Reviving Israeli-Palestinian talks now will go nowhere
There are three major impediments to Israeli-Palestinian peace process that must largely be mitigated before the resumption of any negotiations: a) there is profound distrust... Read More
The disunity of Israel's opposition parties is serving the occupation
Whereas right-wing Israeli governments have maintained the occupation by any means available, including the use of force, the Israeli opposition parties from the left and... Read More
Israeli and Palestinian women must raise the banner of revolt
After 70 years, the tragedy of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict must come to an end. Israeli and Palestinian women have the power to raise the banner... Read More
Can Israel fight a war on three fronts? A nightmarish scenario
Due to the increasing Iranian threat, Netanyahu should do everything in his power to negotiate a peace agreement with the Palestinians now in the context of... Read More
Trump and Netanyahu – embracing illusions, ignoring reality
What Netanyahu and Trump have demonstrated during their press conference was that both seem to revel in illusions where they find a zone of real... Read More
There will be no Palestinian state under Netanyahu's watch
If Trump is serious about his desire to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict for Israel's own sake, he must demand that Netanyahu commit himself to create... Read More
Relocating the American Embassy to Jerusalem
Relocating the American embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem unconditionally will be a de facto recognition of Jerusalem, east and west, as the capital of... Read More
The shortcomings of the International Conference for Peace
The conference for peace between Israel and the Palestinians initiated by the French government that took place on January 15 in Paris could have made... Read More
Trump: "close the open hand out of love"
Trump's appointments, coupled with a campaign promise to relocate the American embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, may well translate to unfettered support for settlements and the... Read More
Ensuring the success of the French initiative
The French Initiative to convene an international conference on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict on January 15th is a momentous opportunity to offer a new approach that... Read More
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict – to where?
Every day that passes, the conflict becomes more intractable and creates new facts on the ground that may well be irreversible. A two-state solution remains... Read More
Questions and answers about some of the raging events in the Middle East
Dr. Alon Ben-Meir, professor of international relations at the Center for Global Affairs at NYU, answers some questions concerning the turmoil in the Middle East and America's... Read More
Trump's daunting foreign challenges
Although President-elect Trump is inexperienced and lacks the nuanced knowledge of the complex crises America is confronted with, he must now navigate his own way... Read More
Lieberman – demonstrate your credibility
It takes a strong and determined leader to go against the current, and only by engaging Lieberman will the Palestinians be able not only to... Read More
Statesmanship versus demagoguery
Netanyahu will do well to think whether he wants to be remembered as the statesman who realized Peres' dream, or the demagogue who led his... Read More
'Hell is truth seen too late'
After seventy years of continuing violent conflict, the time has come to end the hellish conditions that the Israelis and Palestinians have created for themselves... Read More
The settlements – self-entrapment of existential proportions
Israel's continued settlement activity – whether retroactively approving 'unauthorized' outposts or advancing plans for new units as was recently announced – represents yet another nail in the... Read More
Incentives and peace – part 2
Unless distrust, insecurity, and illusions are first addressed, no incentives – however sweeping and compelling – will motivate Israel and the Palestinians to make the critical concessions needed to... Read More
Incentives and peace – part 1
Unless distrust, insecurity, and illusions are first addressed, no incentives – however sweeping and compelling – will motivate Israel and the Palestinians to make the critical concessions needed to... Read More
UNSCR 1325 in practice – Israeli and Palestinian women speak up
In a world where women's voices often are left out in matters of war and peace, one initiative is channeling the voices of Palestinian and... Read More
A movement to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
What is needed now is a mass mobilization of the people, led by major political figures who are committed to finding a solution to the... Read More
Moving beyond the Quartet
The Arab Peace Initiative (API) should not be considered as a mere device for directing the negotiating process, but rather as the central framework for... Read More
Listening to the other half: personal narratives of Israeli and Palestinian women
A conflict cannot be solved- and genuine peace cannot be reached, if the voices of one half of the population is not listened to on... Read More
Bernie Sanders and the French initiative
By raising the need for the US to play an even-handed role to find a solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Sanders has introduced a new... Read More
If you can't beat them, 'like' them
States should use the increasing power of social media networks and work with them to achieve foreign policy objectives.


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She might be new on the Real Housewives of Beverly Hills but living a fabulous lifestyle isn't new to Teddi Jo Mellencamp!
The RHOBH newbie and her husband Edwin Arroyave just bought a beautiful new home for $4 million, and we have the stunning photos for you below.
Jo, whose dad is the famous John Mellencamp, paid $4.07 million for the 5 bedroom, 6 bathroom home located in the Hollywood Hills area of Los Angeles… not too far from the $8 million home her castmate Kyle Richards recently purchased.
Teddi did get a great deal on the home as it was originally listed for $5.495 million when it first went on the market. In fact the previous owner, Hollywood producer Megan Ellison, paid $5.25 million for the home in 2015.
When it comes to features, the modern 5240-square-foot home boasts panoramic city to ocean views with rooms that open to large decks. The house was built with beautiful materials including automatic sliding Fleetwood doors and dual zoned heating and cooling systems. It also offers a security system, gym, office, and a breathtaking pool.
Trulia reports that Teddi also recently sold her previous home in Woodland Hills for $1.39 million. She made a nice profit off that as her hubby Edwin purchased it back in 2004 for $899,000.
More Photos of Teddi's New Home are Below!
Photos Credit: Bravo TV/MLS


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Warsim: The Realm of Aslona is "a rich text based kingdom management game" but that description really doesn't do it justice. Even the game updates are a treasure. Can't recommend this game enough if ASCII-based simulations are your thing.
SELF FIGHTING GOBLINS! (4 features)
After reading a bug report from Misery on steam mentioning some units hitting themselves instead of their opponents I found it hilarious, it's now a feature. Now the goblins of Uktak have a strange passtime! Self-fighting, who can beat themselves up for the longest?* Added ability to watch goblin self-fights in Uktak village (credit Misery)
* Added self-fights, brawls where the fighters hit themselves instead of their opponents
* Added pre-fight text for goblin self fight in Uktak
* Added post-fight screen for self fight survivor


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Amateur Naturalists Bookshelf
George Durkee
There are a number of excellent books available to learn more about the natural and human history of the Sierra. Here are a few that Ive found especially interesting over the years. Ive marked, with an asterisk (*), those books that I feel would be particularly useful as part of a basic Sierra naturalists library.
of these books are available through the
Conservancys bookstore.
New: Book
In addition to the Basic Bookshelf recommendtions below, check our reviews
of other Sierra- oriented books.
General Books
* Sierra Nevada Natural History, Tracy I. Storer and Robert L. Usinger, University of California Press, 1963.
I started carrying this over 35 years ago when I began backpacking it is THE classic natural history guide to the Sierra. The book is an excellent general introduction to all aspects of the range: geology, wildlife, flowers, and human history. Drawings and photos help identify many of the common plants and animals. A sturdy cover and compact size make it the best overall guide to carry on hikes and strolls in the mountains.
Laws Field Guide to the Sierra Nevada (California
Academy of Sciences) by
John Muir Laws, and
Birds: A Hiker's Guide by John Muir Laws
For field identification guides, these are great to carry. Both are beautifully illustrated with watercolors by the author. The bird guide is organized by dominant color of the bird, which makes finding what you've seen easy. They both include a brief description of where the critter might be found. These are excellent identification guides. To save weight, they necessarily leave out more in depth information on behavior, habitat and range. For something to carry on the trail, though, one or both of these are excellent choices.
* Field Guide to Animal Tracks, Olaus Murie, Houghton, Boston, 1958 (in print).
Critters do not always have the courtesy to show their beady little eyes as we hike through their territory; more often all we see are their tracks. Muries book is excellent for figuring out who crossed the path ahead of us.
California Mammals, E. W. Jamerson and Hans J. Peters, University of California Press, 1988.
Contains more detail on the range and habits of critters than is found in Sierra Nevada Natural History and, of course, includes all of Californias mammals. Good to have around when you want to follow-up on something youve seen or need more detail to identify.
Discovering Sierra Birds, Edward C. Beedy and Stephen L. Granholm, Yosemite Association, 1985 (out of print).
Im not a very good birder. This helps me narrow down the choices from the dozen similar (to me...) species found in the Peterson bird guide, to the one or two that might actually occur in the area and habitat I saw the bird in. Although it lacks maps, it does give specific locations for sightings of each species and includes the rare sightings on record as well.
Illustrated Flora of Yosemite National Park
By Stephen J. Botti
Illustrated by Walter Sydoriak
Yosemite Association, 2001
Happily, I have been holding off on using the word "awesome" until something came along truly meriting the superlative. Stephen Botti and Walter Sydoriak have produced such a work. Twenty years in the making, it required the Yosemite Association to solicit donations to keep the project afloat and, finally, produce it. It is well worth the effort and the wait. Reminiscent of a 16th Century Herbal, An Illustrated Flora of Yosemite National Park has not only a dichotomous key of the 1,300 plants of Yosemite (and by extension, much of the Sierra), but illustrates each with a beautiful large drawingover 1,000 watercolors and 300 pen and ink. There's also an index of Yosemite place names where you can look up the plants that occur there. In addition to the illustration, each plant description includes habitat, elevation, when it usually flowers and where you can commonly find it.
The Flora's large size and heft, alas, prevent it being used in the field. It is also a true work of art and you wouldn't want to damage it thumping around in your pack. And, of course, such an opus is a tad expensive but if you're a skilled naturalistor are looking for an incredible gift for onethis is an invaluable addition to a naturalist's bookshelf
Sierra Nevada Wildflowers, Elizabeth L. Horn, Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula, Montana; 1998.
There are a number of flower guides in print and many are quite good. Horns book was recently revised, has clear photos and covers a good selection of the flowers youre likely to come across throughout the Range.
* A Sierra Nevada Flora, Norman F. Weeden, Wilderness Press, Berkeley, Ca 1986 (Third Edition).
This is for the "advanced amateur" botanist. It is not a picture guide to flowersit has only line drawings of representative plantsbut an actual flora of the Sierra using a dichotomous key to narrow down the plants to family and species. Small and compact, it can be easily carried on trips. A previous botany course or seminar would be helpful in using this book, but not absolutely necessary. After youve graduated from Sierra Nevada Natural History or any of the picture guides, this is the one to carry.
Exploring the Highest Sierra, James G. Moore, Stanford University Press, 2000.
Moores book is the result of a lifetime spent studying and mapping the geologic structures of the Sierra. It is an incredible achievement and an important contribution to a detailed understanding of the geology of the Sierra for the amateur naturalist. He includes terrific chapters on the work of the first scientists to study the range and then describes current knowledge about the creation of the Sierra: from the collision of tectonic plates to the retreat of the last glaciers. As an added bonus, Moore includes an appendix with detailed geologic comments for stopping points along several roads and trail in the Sequoia-Kings area: Highway 180 from Clovis to Cedar Grove; Highway 198 from Visalia and over the Generals Highway; the Mineral King road; the High Sierra Trail from Lodgepole to its intersection with the John Muir Trail near Mt. Whitney; and, the John Muir Trail from Mt. Whitney to where it leaves Kings Canyon in the Evolution Valley region, 100 miles north.
Although Moore concentrates his narrative mostly to the area of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, anyone interested in the geology of the Sierra would find this book useful for its explanation of the major granitic and metamorphic structures we see throughout the range. Its large format makes it unlikely youd want to slip it into your backpack as a field guide. Its also probably of interest only to the serious amateur, though I think its photos and organization make it accessible to a beginner who might just want to skim some of the detailed sections.
Geologic History of Yosemite Valley: U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 160, Francois F. Matthes, 1930 (out of print).
Long out of print, I include this because its a classic. Excellent photos and drawings illustrate the formation of Yosemite. It includes an outstanding map showing the maximum coverage of the Pleistocene glaciers. Some of the material has been superceded by more recent research of course, but Mathess broader outline of geologic history is still useful. The book also has great photos illustrating the various signs of glaciers (erratics, glacial polish, moraines etc.). If you find it in a used book store (as I did), buy it.
Still in print, though, is The Incomparable Valley - A Geologic Interpretation of the Yosemite
by Francois Matthes; with 24 photos by Ansel Adams and available from the YAs web store.
Human History and Exploration
There is an embarrassing, even shameful, lack of a good general book on the culture and history of Native Americans in the Sierraor even California for that matter. However, the Yosemite Conservancy at least carries a wide selection of books for both adults and children on Native American culture, art and stories.
* Up and Down California in 1860-1864, William H. Brewer, ed. F.P. Farquahar: Yale University Press, New Haven, 1930 (still in print).
William Brewer directed the field work of the California Geologic Survey in the 1860s, organized by Josiah Whitney. The field party did the first mapping and often the first exploration by European-Americans of much of the Sierra. Great adventure with gnarly dudes.
The Mountains of California, John Muir, 1894, reprinted by Doubleday-Anchor books 1961 (in print).
Muir is, of course, the patron saint of the American preservation movement. He was a keen observer, a tireless mountaineer and a great scientist. His writing contains some of the most stirring descriptions of the Sierra ever written. In large doses, though, many people find it difficult to read his "flowery" 19th century prose. This is too bad, because Ive always found his observations to reflect the same feelings I have when traveling in the Sierra. In any event, Mountains of California is an excellent introduction to Muir and his travels. You might also look at Linnie Marsh Wolfes Son of Wilderness or Michael Cohens more recent Pathless Way. The former an excellent biography of Muir and his writing; the latter an examination of Muir and the American transcendental movement of the late 1800s. Both are also well worth reading.
* Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada, Clarence King, ed. F.P. Farquhar: W.W. Norton & Co., N.Y. 1935 (1872) (in print).
The first of the American swashbuckling mountaineers: ...but to coolly seat one's self in the door of death, and silently listen for the fatal summons, and this all for a friend, for he might easily have cast loose the lasso and saved himself,requires as sublime a type of courage as I know.(King climbing in the Mt. Brewer area, being belayed by his climbing partner, Cotter). Great adventure writing (though perhaps pushing the envelope between factual writing and creative writing...) by one of the geologists to explore the Sierra with Brewer and the Whitney Survey team.
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Want to know where some of the hottest bartenders in Las Vegas head to drink when they're not working? We asked. They spilled. Here now, nine bars that Las Vegas bartenders frequent when they're off the clock.
Read More9 Bars and Lounges That Bartenders Frequent in Vegas
Alex Penalosa, head bartender at Comme Ça at the Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas, heads to The Laundry Room at Commonwealth to drink a Mezcal Old Fashion.
Delmonico Steakhouse
Francesco Lafranconi at Southern Wine & Spirits heads to Delmonico for Scotch single malts from independent brokers, as well as American whiskeys.
Dino's Lounge
Rose Signor, bar manager at Atomic Liquors, heads to Dino's Lounge for the "super laid-back atmosphere."
The Griffin
For Willet Family Rye on the rocks, Alex Penalosa, head bartender at Comme Ça at the Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas, heads to The Griffin.
Herbs & Rye
When Tony Abou-Ganim heads to Herbs & Rye, he tends to order a Holland House. "It is one of the few places that carry Bols Genever and know how to make the cocktail exquisitely."
Mandarin Bar
Mark Lopez at Panevino heads to Mandarin Bar at the Mandarin Oriental for the Smoke and Mirrors. "First, they wet the inside of the glass with Lagavulin Scotch, which gives it its smokiness. Then they add Basil Hayden's Bourbon, Carpano Antica Formula, black tea simple syrup and finish it with lemon zest."
Petrossian Bar & Lounge
Tony Abou-Ganim says Petrossian Bar at the Bellagio makes a great gin martini or Negroni, but "when I'm in the mood, it's my go-to stop for a Cable Car. It's a drink I created in 1996 and it's been on their menu since opening and I have yet to find one that's made better!"
Velveteen Rabbit
Alex Penalosa, head bartender at Comme Ça at the Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas, also enjoysVelveteen Rabbit and their Negronis.
Vesper Bar
Juyoung Kang from Commonwealth's The Laundry Room likes the people watching at Vesper Bar at the Cosmopolitan.


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Bohemia Euphoria
Bohemia Euphoria is a film streaming platform and integrated social community, dedicated to amplifying the voices and stories of under-represented people.
At the very heart of Bohemia Euphoria is the community dedicated to sharing diverse stories through dynamic filmmaking. The new platform takes this community online bringing together the work of Bohemia's physical theatre at The Apple Tree, London and the films of Bohemia Media.
The Story
We were approached by a project manager working on a new product for her client. The product became Bohemia Euphoria a new film & livestream platform with an integrated social community dedicated to amplifying the voices & stories of under-represented people. The project requirements were for us to:
- Consult on setting realistic project goals
- Carry out user research including creating User Personas
- Heuristic Assessments of similar online platforms to learn best practices etc.
- Providing recommendations from User Research and Heuristic Assessments
- Design Initial concepts for site layout and pathways
- Design individual template designs (with a number of iterations from feedback)
The Results
To achieve the goals of this project our work involved creating a full set of User Personas. We used these personas to highlight the needs our various users of the platform would have. This allowed us to map these needs onto the pain and gain charts of a value proposition canvas.
Taking the results of the Value Proposition Canvas we were able to highlight the functionality required of the platform. This was then used to create pathways through the site which helped us arrive at a working sitemap. From the sitemap, we identified the templates needed and followed this up by creating wireframes of all the templates needed.
The sitemap and the wireframes then went to the graphic designer and developer to build the platform.


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Steve Moore Biography |
Stephen Moore is an artist known for the color and light quality in his paintings. He was taught by Eleanor Seng and has been painting about twenty years. He has traveled and painted extensively in Europe. Painting interests also include coastal and other North Carolina scenes with an emphasis on local color. Though primarily a landscape painter schooled in plein air techniques, he is also interested in portrait, figurative, and still-life genres. His work is held in private and corporate collections around the world. |


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Ember.js is one of the most mature web frameworks in this day and age. The Ember Ecosystem has reached a stage where it must take more responsibility for the way that Ember developers author their applications. The way to do this is with better tooling and more of it.
I have been working on an Ember application at my "first real developer job ™" for three years. In that time I have been to an EmberFest (Berlin), became part of The Ember Times Newsletter, written an RFC or two, adopted some addons and more. To sum it up, I have fallen in love with the Ember community as a whole. With the second #EmberJS2019 call for blog posts underway I want to make my voice heard regarding the direction that, I think, Ember should take during the next Roadmap.
More Tooling 🔧 🔨
Ember, albeit being a somewhat niche framework compared to React/Angular/Vue/etc, has some amazing tooling built around it. We pioneered the CLI experience, our scaffolding and blueprint generators are top notch, and our build pipeline is strong and robust. We also have a great Ember Inspector browser extension that I couldn't live without. Given that, I am going to talk about the other side of the tooling regarding the authoring experience of actually writing the code.
We currently have many IDE/Editor extensions that improve how we write code. There are extensions for VSCode, JetBrains IDEs and more. I myself use VSCode for all of my Ember needs. I still feel as if Ember doesn't have the appropriate tools for all jobs.
Ember Language Server 🐹 🗣 🖥
The Ember Language Server is an implementation of the Language Server Protocol for Ember projects.
"ELS enables editors to provide features like auto complete, goto definition and diagnostics. To get these features, you have to install the plugin for your editor."
It is possible to use this in VSCode using the VSCode Ember Extension and in Atom using the Atom IDE Ember Extension. The initial work that was done is amazing but we need to keep iterating on top of this work. @lifeart has been experimenting with an Unstable Ember Language Server and his work should be supported and pushed so that everyone can benefit from it. We are slowly moving the Ember framework and templating language to a place where it is easier to statically analyze it. Let's keep going in this direction and more.
Formatting Templates 📝
One area that I feel needs improvement is Handlebars/Glimmer support. Currently in VSCode it is possible to setup the editor to autoformat templates. Taking this a step further would be to use something like Prettier, which I love, and being able to apply it to Ember templates in a simple and ergonomic way. Currently Prettier allows formatting templates but the support is 90% of the way there. We need to finish the journey so that any new, or existing app, can adopt this and reap the benefits of a consistent template style across all templates.
Some further reading:
- Handlebars Formatter
- Support Handlebars
- What would it take to make Glimmer support a bit more official
- Prettier Glimmer Playground
More codemods, lint rules, quick fix shortcuts 💻 📏 🍰
We have an amazing codemod community, an awesome ESLint plugin and Template Lint ecosystem and many more of these tools are coming out on a monthly basis. Alas, I feel that we need to focus on these tools more and more as well as develop more tools that will help out the newbie and the pro at the same time.
For example, a few ESLint rules today such as Order in Components don't work in Native Class syntax. We need to make sure that this plugin is kept updated as well as the others. Another feature that I would like from template-lint
is to have the ability to autofix errors. Also, with Octane gearing up to be released soon many current extensions aren't "aware" of it. Many of the snippet extensions for VSCode are outdated and none of them provide <AngleBracket>
syntax snippets yet.
Another tool that I feel we need and don't yet have is an IDE/editor extension for Ember Quick Fixes
. I think of this akin to using a codemod on a specific file or section of code. An example of this today is the VSCode Convert to async function. This could allow us to do so many things and really improve developer productivity. There is a codemod today to migrate Ember Objects to Native Classes, wouldn't it be cool if we could apply this on a file by file basis?
Another area where this could be really useful is inside of templates. An idea that I have been thinking about for a while now is an export template section to component
feature. This would allow extracting parts of a template into a newly generated component. It would know which arguments it needs to pass in and how to use them inside of the component. This alone could save small teams hours every week.
Suggestions 🏁
My suggestion for the future is to create a new Tooling Strike Team. This team would take the interests of the community and try to steer the tooling in that direction. The team wouldn't necessarily need to build everything by themselves but they would be the place to go to find out what needs to be built and what is currently available. A #dev-ember-tooling
channel in Discord is needed as not all chat is relevant to #topic-editors
In addition, there should be a dedicated tooling section in the guides. This would allow developers to learn and make informed decisions about which IDE/editor they should use and the best ways to use them.
Conclusion 🐹
We need to take tooling more seriously! Our community, while small, is so strong. I am already proud of what we have but we can definitely do better with a more targeted and managed approach. Today most of these tooling efforts are done, on the side as a fun side project or built slowly over time without much direction. We have the knowledge and community power to do this. We can do this. 🐹
The tldr; | Just read this table if you don't have much time |
Alon Bukai | Ember Times Editor, Addon maintainer, Lover of Ember Community |
Suggestions | Lets create a Tooling Strike Team. |
A `#dev-ember-tooling` channel in Discord. | |
A dedicated tooling section in the guides. | |
More Tooling | We have good tools around CLI, scaffolding and generators. |
We need better IDE/Editor tools | |
Editor Extensions | VSCode |
JetBrains IDEs | |
Ember Language Server | Needs more support and love. Lets make this official and supported. |
Ember Language Server | |
Unstable Ember Language Server | |
Formatting Templates | Lets get Glimmer support for Prettier working correctly |
Handlebars Formatter | |
Support Handlebars | |
What would it take to make Glimmer support a bit more official | |
Prettier Glimmer Playground | |
Codemods, Linting, Quick Fixes | Lets up our game regarding these important tools. |
We have so much more that can be built. | |
Codemods | |
ESLint plugin | |
Template Lint ecosystem | |
Convert to async function | |
Extract template section to component` refactor |


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The Labour Party presidential candidate, Peter Obi, has asked Nigerians to hold him responsible for any commitments he makes during the campaign if he becomes the President.
Naija News reports that Obi stated this while addressing some party faithful at the IBB Square in Makurdi, the Benue State capital, on Wednesday.
He asked his supporters and Nigerians to hold him accountable for any commitments he makes after winning the 2023 election, adding that he will not abandon them.
READ MORE: I Don't Have A House In The UK, I Feel Much Freer When I Have Nothing – President Buhari
He said: "What I want to say to Nigerians is that I want Nigerians to hold me responsible. Our government will not remain in Abuja; it will go to the states. I will listen to their problems.
"We will secure and bring peace to Benue State. Those who want to go back to their villages will go back. Those who want to go back to their farms will go, and we will support them. Our government is about securing Nigeria. We will ensure that we restructure the entire security infrastructure in Nigeria, and we will give them all the moral support.
"FG under me and Datti will support every state. Everything I say today, take it. Hold us responsible. We will start building a new Nigeria where there will be law and peace."
The former Governor of Anambra State also promised that his party will lift Nigeria out of its current situation and make things work again.
Obi decried the backwardness of the country and the state and raised the hope that his administration if given the mandate, would change things for the better.
READ MORE: Latest Ankara Styles To Try For Your Next Occasion
He said, "We will secure Nigeria and bring peace to Benue, and we will ensure that Benue works. I know what is happening in Benue; somebody said Benue is a civil servant, but to me, Benue is one and a half times bigger than Israel, and we will make the state as viable as Israel under my watch. We will make Benue create wealth because we want our youths to be self-reliant and our government will be for youths and women.
"The way River Nile is to Egypt is how Rivers Niger and Benue ought to be to Nigeria, so if we are given the mandate, we will dredge both Niger and Benue rivers."


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President Obama's signature health care law won a victory at the Supreme Court, Taylor Swift came out on top in a fight with Apple and states in the South took action against the Confederate battle flag. Test your knowledge of these big stories and more with this week's news quiz.
Chief Justice John Roberts wrote the majority opinion of the 6-3 ruling.
More statistics from the NBC/WSJ poll here.
This comedian described the president as "just a guy."
In the letter, Swift denounced Apple's plan to not pay artists during a free trial period for its music streaming service. Within hours, Apple had caved and promised to pay artists.
The escapees, Richard Matt and David Sweat, have not been found. However, there have been many leads directing investigations to areas near the Adirondack Mountains.
Haley's call to remove the flag followed the tragic massacre that took place at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, South Carolina, where nine people were killed.
Forecasters have predicted the storm system is headed toward the Northeast region of the U.S., including areas stretching from New England to Ohio Valley.
Additionally, the report concluded that Gray suffered a single "high-energy injury," most likely caused when the police van decelerated. The main finding from the report is that white households recovered much faster from the Great Recession than black households. Hollywood is remembering Horner as a talented composer and a good friend. The bill will also ban the sale, purchase or use of electronic cigarettes for those under 21.


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Fellows Inaugural Meeting 2020
Fellows Inaugural Meeting 2020
By Rachael Ainsworth, Software Sustainability Institute
The Software Sustainability Institute 2020 Fellows met for the first time during their Inaugural Meeting on Tuesday, 11 February 2020. We brought this year's cohort of Fellows together at the University of Manchester to meet Institute staff, hear about the wide-ranging Institute activities, network with each other and discuss their Fellowship plans.
Photo by Mario Antonioletti
The meeting took place within the Department of Computer Science at the University of Manchester, which has made major contributions to the development of computing including the first stored program computer, the first floating point machine, the first transistor computer and the first computer to use virtual memory.
We began the day with an introduction to the Institute by Director Neil Chue Hong, who highlighted that the Fellowship Programme represents engagement and input from across the broad diversity of disciplines and organisations they support. We are working to change research culture to make it better for everyone, and we believe that our Fellows will help us change the world. Next, Community Team Lead Shoaib Sufi introduced the Community Team, key events taking place over the course of the Fellowship (namely Collaborations Workshop 2020!), collaboration within the Fellowship network, and advice and practicalities for carrying out Fellowship plans. Training Team Lead Aleksandra Nenadic discussed the importance of computational training in research, explained the training activities that the Institute is involved in - notably The Carpentries - and invited the Fellows to take part in Instructor Training. Finally, Deputy Director Simon Hettrick took on the task of introducing the Research Software Group, Policy/Research and Communications teams. He highlighted the Society of Research Software Engineering which works to support the creation of an academic career path for Research Software Engineers, and the hidden REF - an initiative that recognises all research outputs and every role that makes research possible.
We then got to hear from our 2020 Fellows, who introduced themselves, shared what their plans were for their Fellowships, and sought collaboration with each other where their plans overlapped. This is the primary motivation for the Inaugural Meeting to take place in person, and all but one of our 2020 Fellows were able to attend.
The last presentation of the day - and likely the most important one to our Fellows! - was from Project Officer Giacomo Peru, who walked everyone through how to access and use their £3k budget as part of their Fellowship.
For the final session of the day, the Fellows broke into three groups to discuss what they would want from semi-regular virtual cohort meetings; what questions/topics/issues they thought should be discussed under the themes of Open Research, Data Privacy and Software Sustainability at Collaborations Workshop 2020; what resources they recommend and use; and what further support they would like to receive from the Institute. Each group had five minutes to report back on their discussion and we'll be planning our activities based on their contributions.
Before the meeting ended, we distributed our "Better Software Better Research" t-shirts to the Fellows, so keep an eye out for them at other research software events and at Collaborations Workshop 2020 where you can meet all 18 of our 2020 Fellows!
Sign up to our newsletter to follow the activities from our Fellows, and receive updates on the next round of the Fellowship Programme and Collaborations Workshops.


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Before the Nintendo World Championships 2015, Shigesato Itoi's video message to announce EarthBound Beginnings was an early highlight for E3 2015.
Nintendo of America's Reggie Fils-Aime shared that releasing the localised Mother port through Wii U's Virtual Console was to service the love that fans have for the franchise, while also introducing it to a new generation that may have yet to experience it.
"We know the love our fans have for that franchise and that series," Fils-Aime explained to GameSpot. "We thought that making the announcement, and making it immediately available through the [Nintendo] eShop was a great way to service that fan love.
"In terms of where we go from here, again, I have nothing to announce, but the little skit we did at last year's Digital Event where I'm constantly being asked about Mother 3, it happens! We know the love is there, and we'll see what happens."
As to why Nintendo have chosen to release the first game now, he continued: "Really, from our standpoint there are so many consumers who don't know the fundamental series. We thought it would be best to kind of bring them back to the beginning, to help them understand what it's all about and why it's captivated people in such a magnificent way."


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Being a parent is the closest you can get to the divine. The selfless love we get from our parents can never be replaced by anyone else. Sadly, a basic human trait is to take for granted whatever we have around us.
As parents are always around us to take care of our needs and make us feel loved. Parents' love is a common factor at any stage of life. Let's celebrate it by reading some meaningful quotes on parents love.
Here are some meaningful quotes on parents love everyone must read:
Table of Contents
Meaningful Quotes On Parents Love
God gave us parents to always feel his love around us.
No mistake is big enough for parents to forgive.
To measure the depth of a mother's love, God has not given any instrument.
The easiest way to understand the framework of any parent's mind is to become a parent.
The only people on this earth who would never show their back to you in your time of need are your parents.
Nobody can make or break your soul more than your parents' few words of encouragement.
Parents' love is the cushion that drives you to take risks in life.
Parents' eyes are the reflection of their unconditional love for a child on this earth.
Only a parent can see the best in their child during the worst times.
Quotes On Parents Love For Teens
The only relation which will make you understand the true colours of the world selflessly are your parents.
Teenage is the time of dilemma from which a father will lead you by your hand and a mother by her heart to the road of clarity.
A parent should never get hurt by teenagers words as there will be many opportunities in life where you can teach your child the importance of right and wrong.
The greatest gift a parent gives to a child is by loving the child for themself and not for the version they expect them to be.
No harshness of words will change the love of a mother but it will leave a mark on her heart.
Parents count their successes by the milestones covered by their children and not by them.
The world becomes a better place if we appreciate the hard work put in by a parent in raising a child.
The only currency which works in a parents heart is the love of their children.
Quotes On Parents Love For A Daughter
A daughter for all the mothers is the only princess required to complete their fairy tale.
A daughter learns from her mother that one day she will also be a mother, and a mother learns from her daughter that she was also a daughter to a loving mother. The circle of life moves on.
All the unicorns, tea parties, magic wands and fairy dress ups are the real treasures in your parent's heart that can never be replaced.
The permanent address for a daughter is her parent's heart.
The unconditional love of a parent for their daughter can never be replaced by anything in the world.
Parents bring and raise a daughter in the world with all their best abilities so that she can shine and show her abilities proudly to the world.
Quotes On Parents Love For A Son
From your first step to your first run, from your first laurel to your first distress, from your first achievement to your first mistake, the people who never change your place in their life are your parents.
Time is changing for everyone, if you are growing younger your parents are becoming older so stop blocking, deleting and forgetting their calls as in no time there will be no one who would be making those calls.
A messy house is not a sign of an incompetent parent but a sign of a happy family.
Parenthood is a two-way street, we teach our children how to live life and actually, we learn from them what is life.
No parent is the perfect one in the world but yet they are the only one for you.
Beautiful Quotes On Parents Love And Care
The difficulty in being a parent is to understand when to stop living the life of a child. A good parent lets the child learn from their mistakes and carry on guiding them.
Blessings given by parents never go unanswered. Blessed are those parents who have thankful children around them for those blessings.
After becoming a parent myself, I realized my parents were right about everything.
Parents' hugs are the world I would never like to leave.
You learn from your parents to become a parent like them one day.
Parents are the first role models in a child's life so become a remarkable one.
Famous Quotes On Parents Love
When you look into your mother's eyes, you know that is the purest love you can find on this earth.
– Mitch Albom
A parent's love is whole no matter how many times divided.
– Robert Brault
Love as powerful as your mother's for you leaves its own mark to have been loved so deeply .. will give us some protection forever.
– J.K. Rowling
There's nothing like your mother's sympathetic voice to make you want to burst into tears.
– Sophie Kinsella
All that I am, or hope to be, I owe to my mother.
– Abraham Lincoln
To understand your parents' love you must raise children yourself.
– Chinese Proverb
Parenthood…It's about guiding the next generation, and forgiving the last.
– Peter Krause
Parenting is a life time job and does not stop when a child grows up.
– Jake Slope
The thing about parenting rules is there aren't any. That's what makes it so difficult.
– Ewan McGregor
Love your parents. We are so busy growing up, we often forget they are also growing old.
– Unknown
More Quotes About Parents Love For Child
No matter how far we come, our parents are always in us.
– Brad Meltzer
A child who is allowed to be disrespectful to his parents will not have true respect for anyone.
– Billy Graham
Parents can only give good advice or put them on the right paths, but the final forming of a person's character lies in their own hands.
– Anne Frank
In the happiest of our childhood memories, our parents were happy, too.
– Robert Brault
Have you ever noticed how parents can go from the most wonderful people in the world to totally embarrassing in three seconds?
– Rick Riordan
My heroes are and were my parents, I can't see having anyone else as my heroes.
– Michael Jordan
The best inheritance a parent can give his children is a few minutes of his time each day.
– O. A. Battista
A good father is a source of inspiration and self-restraint. A good mother is the root of kindness and humbleness.
– Dr T.P.Chia
My parents loved us but I wasn't always sure they liked us.
– Tahereh Maf
The greatest gift a parent can give a child is self-confidence.
– Stewart Stafford
Compassion for our parents is the true sign of maturity.
– Anaïs Nin
The Bottom Line
Hope these meaningful quotes on parents love bring warmth to your heart and remind you of all the sacrifices made by your parents in the journey of raising you.
Time is running, so never be late in expressing your love and care to your parents. The day you start your journey of parenthood is the day you care and respect even more for your parents.
Also read: 50 Inspirational Quotes About Being True To Yourself And Others


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In 1995, the World Trade Organization's TRIPS (Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement ushered in a global regime of intellectual property rights that was widely criticised for placing medicines out of reach for large parts of the world's population. A host of bilateral and regional free trade agreements negotiated since this time have further extended and expanded intellectual property rights for pharmaceuticals in many countries, delaying the market entry of generic medicines. This trend has continued largely unabated in recent years, despite the increasing strain high cost medicines are placing on pharmaceutical budgets even in high-income countries. The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA or NAFTA 2.0) is the latest example. Building on provisions from the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) that were suspended by the other parties after the withdrawal of the United States, the USMCA goes further, mandating a special 10-year market exclusivity period for biologic medicines, which include many new cancer and immunotherapy treatments. This presentation traces the evolution of provisions in trade agreements with implications for access to medicines, culminating in the USMCA, and examines the potential impacts, particularly for access to high cost biologics.
About the speaker
Dr Deborah Gleeson is a senior lecturer in the School of Psychology and Public Health at La Trobe University, Australia, and an Associate at La Trobe University's Centre for Health Law and Society. Deborah holds a Graduate Diploma in Health Promotion, a Master of Public Health and a PhD in Health Policy. The main focus of her research is the interface between trade and investment agreements and public health, and she has more than 30 peer-reviewed publications on this topic, covering a range of topic areas including access to affordable medicines, alcohol and tobacco policy, and food and nutrition. Deborah co-convenes the Political Economy of Health Special Interest Group of the Public Health Association of Australia (PHAA) and frequently represents PHAA on matters related to trade and health. She received a PHAA President's Award 2015 for public health leadership, engagement and commitment on the impact of international trade issues on public health.


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While researching my last post, I found this Proto-Indo-European verb conjugator. Unfortunately, I couldn't find *h1es- 'to be'. I'm surprised by its apparent absence. I wonder
- how many people actually use this part of the Verbix site
- how many PIE verbs are in the database
- whether the top ten PIE verbs might mostly reflect the order of the verbs in the database (with a bit of reranking due to the few who used this site)
The top verb on Verbix's Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish pages is 'to be', so I would have expected *h1es- to be number one on the PIE page, but that honor goes to uid 'know', the ancestor of English wit and Sanskrit vid. Sanskrit retains the PIE alternation in the stems of present forms:
In both PIE and Sanskrit, the accent shifts to the ending in plural forms:Singular: PIE *uóid- (accented) : Skt véd- < *váid-
Plural: PIE *uid- (unaccented) : Skt vid-
'I know': PIE *uóid-mi, Skt véd-mi
'we know': PIE *uid-més, Skt vid-más
I have no idea why.
In Beekes' (1995: 16) paradigm for *h1es-, the unaccented stem has no vowel:
Gloss | PIE | Sanskrit |
I am | *h1és-mi | ás-mi |
thou art | *h1és-si | á-si |
he/she/it is | *h1és-ti | ás-ti |
we are | *h1s-més | s-más |
you are | *h1s-th1é | s-thá |
they are | *h1s-énti | s-ánti |
Sanskrit has dropped the initial consonant of the unaccented plural stem: *h1s- > s-.
(6.12.00:45: Latin has es- ~ s- whose correspondences with Sanskrit ás- ~ s- are reversed in two forms:
L sum : Skt ás-mi 'I am'
L estis : Skt s-thá 'you are'
I don't know why the Latin forms aren't esmi and stis.)
Other things I don't know:
I was going to write that I didn't know the difference between PIE *uid- 'know' and *gnh3- 'know' (the ancestor of English know), but Beekes (1995: 228) defined the latter as 'get to know'.
(6.12:00:40: Although wit is now obsolete as a verb in English, German retains both 'know'-verbs: wissen is 'to know a fact' whereas kennen is 'to be familiar with'.)
The Sanskrit descendant of *gnh3- has a present stem jaanáa- with two long vowels instead of the expected janáa- from *gn-neh3- (sic from Beekes 1995: 228; should this be *gn-néh3-?). I don't know why there's an infixed nasal.
Sanskrit vid has other paradigms besides the 'class II' paradigm above:
- class I: thematic vowel after the stem: védaami, védasi, védati, vidáamas, vidátha, vidánti
- class VI: fixed accent on a thematic vowel after the stem,: vidáami, vidási, vidáti, vidáamas, vidátha, vidánti (the last three forms are indistinguishable from the previous paradigm)
- class VI with an irregular infixed nasal: vindámi, vindási, vindáti, vindáamas, vindátha, vindánti (more)
I can understand the appeal of a thematic paradigm (which is common in Sanskrit) or a simpler fixed-accent paradigm, but why infix a nasal?
6.12.00:32: Sanskrit has three regular verb classes with infixed nasal (syllables):- class V: root su
su-nó-mi 'I press'
su-nu-más 'we press'
but su-tá 'pressed' (no nasal)
- class VII: root yuj (cognate to Eng yoke):
yu-ná-j-mi 'I join'
yu-ñ-j-más 'we join'
but yuk-tá 'joined' (no nasal)
cf. Latin-based junction with the nasal
- class IX: root krii
krii-ṇáa-mi 'I buy'
krii-ṇii-más 'we buy'
but krii-tá 'bought' (no nasal)
How did this "nasal present" (Beekes 1995: 231) develop? According to Beekes, it "only remained in Indo-Iranian and Hittite".
In my last post, I mentioned that the Polish first person singular ending -ę < -o-m has a suffix -m cognate to the -m of English am. One might wonder: if Polish and English have cognate verb endings, could they also have cognate verbs? Could the Polish word for 'am' be cognate to am? The answers to both those questions are yes and yes.
The Proto-Indo-European source of am was *h1es-mi. (Asterisks indicate reconstructions.) There is an entire Wikipedia article on PIE words for 'be' listing many descendants of *h1es-mi (and saving me a lot of researcha and typing!). They generally fit the pattern (V)(s)(V)m(i), with V standing for any vowel: e.g.,
Language | (V) | (s) | (V) | m | (i) |
English and Old Irish | a |
m |
Gothic | i |
m |
Latin |
s | u | m |
Greek | e |
i | m | i |
Albanian | ja |
m |
Lithuanian | e | s |
m | i |
Latvian | e | s |
m | u (!)* |
Old Church Slavonic | je | s |
m | ĭ |
Hittite | ē | š |
m | i |
Armenian | e |
m |
Avestan | a | h |
m | i |
Sanskrit | a | s |
m | i |
Most Slavic forms for 'am' fit the formula with the exception of Polish jestem which has an unexpected -t-.
Persian hastam 'am' has an unexpected h- as well as a -t-. This h- is not a retention of PIE *h1- which "disappeared without a trace" in most IE languages (Beekes 1995: 143).
Do Polish and Persian preserve a -t- that was lost in all other Indo-European languages. No. Here's what I think independently happened in both languages. Jestem and hastam look like
Polish jest 'is' + -em (1st person singular)
Persian hast 'is' + -am (1st person singular)
Jest and hast themselves are root-suffix sequences from PIE *h1es-ti 'is' (the most frequent form?**) which was reinterpreted as a stem for other forms. Nearly all the other members of the present paradigms for Polish and Persian 'be' also look like jest and hast plus various person/number endings:
Gloss | Polish | Persian |
thou art | jest-eś | hast-i |
he/she/it is | jest | hast |
we are | jest-eśmy | hast-im |
you are | jest-eście | hast-id |
they are | są (!) | hast-and |
The sole exception is Polish są 'they are' which is not jest-ą.
I still have no idea where the h- of the Persian forms comes from. I doubt it's by analogy with an earlier form of 'they are' cognate to Avestan hən̨ti < *santi (cf. Skt santi, Russian sut', Polish są, Latin sunt).
*Both Latvian and Lithuanian have another form esu 'I am' which looks like the root es- plus a descendant of the PIE 'thematic' first person ending *-oH (> Latin -o in amo 'I love', etc.). Latvian esmu looks like a mix of esu and a hypothetical earlier esmi which is still in its sister Lithuanian.
**In modern Russian, most of the paradigm of jes- 'to be' is extinct with the exceptions of jest' 'is' and the much less common sut' '(they) are'. I assume that these two forms survived because they were more frequent than jesm' 'I am', etc. in earlier Russian.
On Wednesday, Jim Shooter mentioned that two of his "few words of Polish" were dzień dobry (lit. 'day good'). That got me thinking about what little Polish I knew. (I mostly guess my way through Polish using my Russian.) I picked up the Polish for 'thank you' from, of all places, Jenny McCarthy's Jen-X (1997). (The great thing about linguistics is that data is everywhere. Even in celebrity junk books. But maybe not in celebrity junk science*.) I can't remember how she spelled it phonetically, but I do know the correct Polish spelling:
This literally means 'I thank'. The stem is dziękuj- and the suffix -ę indicates a first person singular subject: i.e., I.
The hook under the e indicates nasality. Nasal -ę goes back to pre-Proto-Slavic -o (not e!) plus -m.
The -o ending is cognate to the first person singular -o of Latin: e.g., amo 'I love' (which is still amo in Spanish today!). (Click on the links to see full paradigms of those verbs at Verbix. Alas, Polish isn't available.)
The -m ending is cognate to the -m of English am to the west of Polish ... and to the -mi of Sanskrit asmi 'am' to the east of Polish. (Technical caveat.**)
These shared endings are strong evidence for a common ancestor of these languages. Not all similarities between languages indicate shared ancestry. People easily borrow words, but they are less likely to borrow affixes. Common affixes are not unique to the first person singular; they can be found throughout the paradigms of the Indo-European languages. It's possible that different languages can have a similar affix by chance, but systematic, large-scale correspondences probably did not develop independently. They are probably descendants of a single earlier system - that of Proto-Indo-European.
*I do not endorse Jenny McCarthy's stance on autism. The James Randi Educational Foundation gave her a Pigasus (sic) award for having "fooled the greatest number of people with the least effort". Ouch. I don't think "fooled" is the right term as it implies she intended to deceive. Obviously, I can't read her mind, but my guess is that she is sincere. However, good intentions do not justify misinformation.
**Pre-Proto-Slavic -m goes back to the Proto-Indo-European 'secondary' ending -m whereas the -m of -am and the -mi of Skt asmi 'am' go back to the Proto-Indo-European 'primary' ending -mi. I suspect that PIE -m and -mi are not only cognate to each other but also ultimately cognate to PIE Hme 'me'.
Modern Indo-European languages still have obvious descendants of PIE Hme:English me
Spanish me 'me'
Polish mnie, mię 'me'
Even IE languages in the east at least retain m:
Persian man raa 'me' (raa indicates a direct object; man by itself is 'I')
Hindi mujh 'me'
The Thai name ณัฏฐ์ Nat from my last post ends in the letter
<ṭha> [thɔɔ] (< > indicate an Indic-based transliteration; [ ] indicate modern Thai pronunciation)
Its complexity surprised me when I first learned the Thai alphabet at the end of 1993. But why? It's not as complex, as, say, a 48-stroke Chinese character like
which has its own Wikipedia article or the 64-stroke龘
'flight of dragons' (龍 'dragon' written thrice in the space of one character)
'verbose' (龍 'dragon' written four times in the space of one character)
which you might not be able to see.
What struck me as unusual was the complexity of the unattached lower part of it below the baseline. The rest of <ṭha> resembles the Thai letter for <ca> with the top of <dha> or <ra>:
ฐ จ ธ ร
<ṭha> <ca> <dha> <ra>
Until I encountered Thai, I had never seen an alphabet with complex unattached elements.
The basic 26-letter Roman alphabet has one such letter: lower case i. The dot is not attached to the ı below it. However, this dot may not be absolutely integral to the letter except in Turkish:
Non-Turkish versions of the Roman alphabet | I i (upper case without dot, lower case with dot) | |
Turkish | I ı [ɯ] (without dots) | İ i [i] (with dots) |
The dot is absent from Gaelic type. It took me a while to notice that Noss' 1964 Thai grammar has a dotless ı to accomodate tone marks. A bit odd, perhaps, but not as bad as, say, substituting Г for F. How many non-Turks would be able to distinguish between Turkish dotted i and dotless ı without effort? Or notice that the dot of i was missing?* And the dot is lost when accents are added:
None of those accents are as complex as the shape at the bottom of Thai ฐ <ṭha>. That shape disappears when , <uu>, or the phinthu vowel cancellation sign are added to the bottom in Windows Thai fonts:i ì í î ï ĩ ī ĭ ǐ ȉ ȋ ỉ
ฐ ฐุ ฐู ฐฺ
<ṭha> <ṭhu> <ṭhuu> <ṭh>
So the bottom part of ฐ <ṭha> isn't absolutely essential either, though as far as I know, <ṭhu> and <ṭhuu> are not in any Thai words and vowelless <ṭh> is only used in the Thai transcription of Indic words. Are Thai taught to delete the bottom of ฐ <ṭha> to make room for vowels and phinthu in their handwriting? Deletion never came up in the Thai writing textbooks I studied in or out of class.
The simpler shape at the bottom of ญ <ña> also disappears in Windows Thai fonts if signs are added beneath it:
ญ ญุ ญู ญฺ
No other Thai letters have integral yet separate parts. Where did these parts come from?<ña> <ñu> <ñuu> <ñ>
The dot (tittle) of i only dates from the 11th century. It was intended "to distinguish the letter i from strokes of nearby letters." The Greek source of Roman i still has no dot: ι.
The dots of Arabic consonants were added to disambiguate consonants: e.g., one shape for three consonants
 / <t> /
became three different letters:
ث ت ب
 <t>
What was the function of the separate parts of Thai ฐ <ṭha> and ญ <ña>? The Thai alphabet was derived from the Khmer alphabet in the 13th century, but I don't know what either alphabet looked like back then. The modern Khmer letters for <ṭha> and <ña> are quite different from their modern Thai equivalents:
Transliteration | <ṭha> | <ña> |
Thai | ฐ | ญ |
Khmer | ថ | ញ |
I wonder if the bottom part of Khmer <ña> was added to distinguish it from <baa>:
ញ ពា
<ña> <baa>
though in Thai, there is no similarity between the two:
ญ พา
<ña> <baa>
Dropping the bottom part of Thai ญ <ña> would result in a completely unambiguous letter.
Similarly, dropping the bottom part of Thai ฐ <ṭha> would also result in a completely unambiguous letter. I could call the bottom of ฐ <ṭha> the 'platform' after the name of the letter, ฐอ ฐาน <ṭha ṭhaan> [thɔɔ thaan] 'platform th'. (Thaan is borrowed from Pali ṭhaan, cognate to English stand. Each Thai consonant letter is associated with an example word.)
The original Brahmi source of <ṭha> is simply a circle: O (corresponding to Greek θ). This original shape is still reflected in modern Devanagari ठ <ṭha>. The contrast between Devanagari ठ and Thai ฐ shocked me back in 1993 and the contrast between Brahmi O and Thai ฐ is even greater. How did <ṭha> get so complicated? Why did it grow a 'platform'?
Perhaps the letters preceding <ṭha> in the Thai alphabet may provide a clue:
ฎ ฏ ฐ
<ʔḍa> <ṭa> <ṭha>
The attached bottom parts of <ʔḍa> and <ṭa> resemble the unattached part of <ṭha>. Is this a coincidence? Removing those parts would make <ʔḍa> and <ṭa> resemble <bha>:
ฎ ฏ ภ
<ʔḍa> <ṭa> <bha>
Were the bottom parts originally only attached to <ʔḍa> and <ṭa> as disambiguators, spreading by analogy to <ṭha>, the next letter in the sequence of the alphabet? <ṭha> had no vertical stroke on the right, so there was nothing for the disambiguator to attach to. Hence it became a freestanding platform.
*6.10.2:05: I did a little experiment on facebook yesterday. I wrote the following status:
Do you notıce anythıng odd about the way thıs status ıs wrıtten? Your answers wıll help me wıth a future blog post. Thanks ın advance!
Five people responded. All noticed the dotless ı, but not everyone noticed it immediately.
On the other hand, if the bottom of Thai ฐ <ṭha> were consistently omitted, I predict that Thai readers would notice right away. A dot is tiny compared to the shape beneath Thai ฐ <ṭha>.
6.10.2:35: There are two Devanagari letters that are distinguished solely by the presence or absence of a dot:
ड ङ
<ḍa> and <ṅa>
Their Brahmi sources look completely different: <ḍa> and <ṅa>. Did they converge in shape and require a dot to diffrentiate them? They look completely different in Thai and Khmer:
Transliteration | <ḍa> | <ṅa> |
Thai | ฑ | ง |
Khmer | ឌ | ង |
Thai names often incorporate Sanskrit and Pali elements which may be highly disguised: e.g., ภูมิพล Phuumiphon, a name of the current Thai king, is from Skt or P bhuumi 'earth' + bala 'strength'. (The romanization Bhumibol is a compromise between the Thai and Sanskrit pronunciations.) I can usually identify the source of a Thai name, but here's a name that's been baffling me for days:
Nat (spelled <ṇaṭṭha> with a silencing mark over the <ṭha> to indicate it's not pronounced)
The spelling implies that the name is from an Indic ṇaṭṭha, but there is no such word.
In fact, Monier-Williams lists no Sanskrit words beginning with ṇa other than the name of the letter itself, a few dubious ṇa nouns only listed in lexicons without any textual attestations, and the attested word ṇya 'name of an ocean in the Brahma-loka'. Consonant plus a is a very unusual shape for a Sanskrit noun. Are inflected forms of such monosyllabic nouns attested? Monosyllabic noun stems in Sanskrit usually end in long vowels: jaa- 'progeny' (cf. Latin genus), dhii- 'thought', bhuu- 'earth' (cf. bhuumi 'id.' above).
The Pali Text Society lists no words with initial ṇ at all.
The Royal Institute of Thailand lists only two ณ na <ṇa> words and one ณรงค์ naroŋ <ṇaraŋga> 'campaign', an abbreviation of รณรงค์ ranaroŋ <raṇaraŋga> < Skt raṇaraŋga 'battlefield'.
The closest word I can think of is Pali naṭṭha 'destroyed' < Skt naṣṭa 'destroyed' with a dental n- rather than a retroflex ṇ-. But who would name their son 'Destroyed'? And why isn't the name spelled with dental น <n> as
Nat (spelled <naṭṭha>)?
Skt dental n sporadically becomes P retroflex ṇ: e.g., Skt jñaana > P ñaaṇa 'knowledge' (cognate to know, gnosis, etc.). But did that ever occur in initial position? Even if ณัฏฐ์ is from some Pali ṇaṭṭha not in dictionaries, that still doesn't account for the negative semantics. Is the use of retroflex ณ <ṇ> an attempt to avoid writing 'destroyed'?
The only similar Indic word with positive semantics that I can think of is นาถ naat <naatha> < Skt or Pali naatha 'protector', but the long vowel doesn't match and the spelling is very different.
Could Nat have originated as an abbreviation of a longer name like 'X-destroyed'? But X in that type of Indic compound would be the destroyer. Why name your son 'destroyed by X'? Thai names are normally positive: e.g., I had a classmate named เศรษฐพล Setthaphon  Thai long vowelsJ Okinawa : T โอะกินะวะ Okinawa
J Toohoo : T โตโฮ Toohoo (Toho is the studio of Godzilla)
(For simplicity and ease of comparison, I've omitted glottal stops from my Thai transcription.)
However, karate with three short vowels turned up in the last post as คาราเต้ khaaraatee with three long vowels. Other mismatches:
J (Pat) Morita : T มอริตะ Mɔɔrita
J Gojira 'Godzilla' : T ก็อตซิลล่า Kɔtsilaa (there is no g, j, or dz in Thai)
J Bushidoo : T บูชิโด Buusidoo (there is no sh in Thai)
J samurai : T ซามูไร saamuurai
J ninja : T นินจา ninchaa
J Naruto : T นารุโตะ Naaruto
J Nara : T นารา Naaraa (the name of a character in Naruto) but นะระ Nara (the name of a city)
I cannot find any cases of Japanese long vowels corresponding to Thai short vowels.*
One could propose that some of the mismatches are due to borrowing through English, but the Thai long vowels and even some vowel qualities are unexpected from an English perspective. I'd predict kharaatii, Mɔriita, Kɔtsila (without any long vowels), sɛ(ɛ)mura(a)i based on Anglicized pronunciations I've heard.
Do Thai learners of Japanese (and vice versa) have trouble with each other's vowel lengths? I didn't have any problems with vowel length in either language.
In the Thai Wikipedia, vowel length is preserved in Thai versions of less well-known Japanese names. I suspect that vowel length correlations are looser in 'casual' borrowings which are likely to be filtered through English. But why didn't the Thai translator of Naruto systematically carry over vowel lengths into Thai versions of names? (I don't even understand the reasoning behind retitling Naruto as
Ninchaa khaathaa Oohoohelit. 'ninja magic-word Ohohe'
in Thai. What's an 'Ohohe'? I don't think it means anything in Japanese or Thai and as far as I can tell, it's not the name of anyone in the series. Is it a made-up magic word that the Thai version of Naruto says?
khaathaa is from earlier Thai *gaathaa, a borrowing from Sanskrit gaathaa 'verse', cognate to Avestan gaaθaa (i.e., the gathas of Zoroastrianism).
Vowel length correlations are strong between Thai and three of its major vocabulary sources: Khmer, Sanskrit, and Pali. An exception I learned early on was
T ครู khruu < *gruu < Khmer គ្រូ *gruu < Sanskrit or Pali guru (no long vowel) 'teacher'
Vowel length inaccuracy interests me because Gong and others have reconstructed phonemic vowel length in Tangut, though I have yet to see any correlations between Tangut vowel length and Sanskrit vowel length in Tangut transcriptions of Sanskrit. This is perhaps because the Tangut learned Sanskrit through Chinese which has no vowel length. However, didn't the Tangut also learn Sanskrit through Tibetans who did preserve Sanskrit vowel length even though their own language may have lacked it at the time? Could the Tangut vowel length distinction be reinterpreted as some other kind of distinction: e.g., a final glottal stop as implied by the notation of Arakawa's reconstruction?
J Tookyoo : T โตเกียว Tookiaw
is a case of a Thai shortening of a Japanese long vowel, but I suspect that the Thai name is a transliteration of the old kana spelling トウキヤウ <toukiyau> for Tookyoo. Moreover, there is no long -iaaw or -yoo rhyme in Thai. (Yoo is possible by itself in Thai, but not after a consonant.)


text:
Any parents who care about their daughters' modesty, privacy, and safety in intimate facilities like restrooms and locker rooms should oppose "transgender" policies that allow men access.
Political affiliation shouldn't matter. Apparently it didn't for one black liberal. She rose above the fray and took a stand against men pretending to be women using women's facilities.
Life Site News reported that Maya Dillard Smith, interim director for the so-called American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) in Georgia, which pushes these policies, quit after she and her daughters encountered grown men in a restroom. An excerpt (emphasis added):
"I have shared my personal experience of having taken my elementary school age daughters into a women's restroom when shortly after three transgender young adults, over six feet [tall] with deep voices, entered," [Smith] wrote.
"My children were visibly frightened, concerned about their safety and left asking lots of questions for which I, like many parents, was ill-prepared to answer," she continued.
In a statement, she said that the ACLU has become "a special interest organization that promotes not all, but certain progressive rights."
The "hierarchy of rights" the ACLU chooses to defend or ignore, she wrote, is "based on who is funding the organization's lobbying activities." She did not elaborate on the group's funding.
The progressive and "unapologetically black" woman drew the line when it came to her daughters' well-being.
"I found myself principally and philosophically unaligned with the organization," Smith said. "I understood it to be the ACLU's goal to delicately balance competing rights to ensure that any infringements are narrowly tailored, that they do not create a hierarchy of rights, and that we are mindful of unintended consequences."
As Life Site News noted, Georgia is part of a coalition of states that filed suit (see BCN's post for video) against the federal government for directing state government schools to allow men to use women's restrooms and changing rooms on penalty of losing federal funding. They called it "a massive social experiment, flouting the democratic process, and running roughshod over commonsense policies protecting children and basic privacy rights."
One "transgender activist" didn't like what Smith had to say, calling her lazy, ill-educated, and the b-word.
Photo credit: Nonprofit Vision screenshot


text:
Adjustable office chairs are great for office workers so they can make themselves as comfortable as possible at work.
However, these chairs can be finicky sometimes. If your office chair isn't performing how it should, there are some common problems you may be experiencing. Luckily, there are some quick fixes to get your hydraulic chair back to work.
This guide will break down hydraulic versus pneumatic office chairs to help you understand what is wrong with yours and the best way to remedy it. Before you toss out the troublesome chair, try these tips to see if you can save your hydraulic chair.
How Do Hydraulic Chairs Work?
Hydraulic chairs combine liquids and gasses to raise and lower the chair using pressure. Hydraulics are utilized in factories often because they can operate with little energy used.
We will discuss how to fix a hydraulic chair, but pneumatic chairs are also common in offices. This guide is specifically for hydraulic chairs, but most tips work for both types of chairs.
Hydraulic chairs use imperceptible liquid to make the chair go up and down as needed. Because of how this works, hydraulics are used in large machinery in the same manner.
Hydraulic chairs consist of a base chamber, a seat, two hollow chambers, one full of a compressible liquid while the other has pressurized gas. It also has a hollow conduit and a lever that allows you to adjust the height of the chair.
Pneumatic chairs use compressible gasses and are most common in office and computer chairs. They are usually simpler to fix and consist of a base, a seat with a support pillow, a gas cylinder with compressed gas, and a lever to adjust the height.
Common Problems
The most common issues with hydraulic chairs are issues with the height adjustment and then noisy chairs. For fixes for these problems, keep reading and save yourself the headache of buying a new office chair.
Chair Keeps Sinking
There are a few tricks you can try to stop your chair from sinking.
Hose Clamp and Duct Tape
The combination of hose clamps and duct tape act as a spacer on the bottom of your chair. Lift the chair to the desired height and then apply the duct tape so the clamp has something to grip onto.
This is a cheap and easy solution but won't last forever. If you are just looking for a temporary solution, this is a great option to make your chair more comfortable.
PVC Pipe
PVC pipe can also act as a spacer to keep your chair set at the desired height. But this method involves a great deal of do-it-yourself, like having to measure the chair and cut the PVC pipe yourself. If you aren't comfortable doing so, this isn't the method for you.
The PVC pipe is measured to slip around the gas cylinder that isn't working anymore. The piece of pipe will hold up the chair to the height you want it at, but this is also a temporary solution to the sinking problem.
Chair Riser
A chair riser is a set of buttons that attaches to the bottom of the chair to allow it to be adjustable without the use of the gas cylinder, which is usually the source of the sinking. Chair risers are affordable and require no disassembly of the chair, making them a super convenient option for frustrated office workers.
Chair Saver Kit
A chair saver kits are an affordable, easy option. These kits come with a series of rings. The rings fit onto the piston of the gas cylinder to help hold it up and prevent the chair from sinking. You can find these at most office stores or order them online, and the best part is they last years.
Replace the Gas Cylinder
This is the easiest and quickest way to fix your chair. If you don't mind paying a bit of money, replacing your gas cylinder is relatively simple. It involves some slight disassembly of the chair, but you only need to pull off part of the base to insert a new cylinder.
What to Do If Your Chair Won't Go Down
Sometimes hydraulic chairs refuse to sink, creating a whole new problem. There are a few reasons for this and some tricks to solve them.
Not Enough Weight
Your chair may not be sinking simply because you are too light and aren't putting enough weight on the chair for the piston to lower. The best way to fix this is to bounce on your seat while using the liver. The force should push the chair down so you can adjust to the proper height.
Broken Lever
If your lever has snapped off, you will just need to replace it. But if the lever just isn't doing its job, it may be loose and need to be tightened. To do this you will need to remove the legs and starbase from the chair. And then screw the lever in as tight as you can.
Replace Gas Cylinder
Just like with a sinking chair, a stubborn chair may need a replacement gas cylinder. This is simpler than it sounds, but you do need to buy a new gas cylinder for your specific hydraulic chair.
Squeaking Chair
If your chair is squeaking, the best thing to do is use some lubricant to grease the pieces. Make sure all the screws and bolts are tightened well. These are the most common sources of squeaking and are super simple to fix on your own.
Bottom Line
Hydraulic chairs aren't as complicated as they seem. Most problems can be solved on your own, so before shopping for a new chair, try these tricks to save your chair and restore workplace comfort.


text:
From a few days, Spotify users have been reporting an error that blocks the ability to use Spotify due to internet connection error. The error is showcased as "No internet connection detected. Spotify will automatically try to reconnect when it detects an internet connection." It is really disappointing and irritating mostly for paid users who spend money on subscriptions and end up having these kinds of errors.
Don't worry as in this article, we have solved the problem with a lot of great fixes to the same. Before we even start let us know more about the error.
What is error code 4 on the streaming service?
In most of the cases, this error is a reason of wrong internet settings including proxy and DNS settings. Also, this error might be a reason of software compatibility issue.
Note: "GeekyBytes team is not responsible for any crashed caused due to our fix."
Some fixes to Spotify Error
1. Checking for Windows Firewall
If Spotify is not set as an exception in Windows Firewall, the problem may arise because it blocks all the services and processes. To add an exception, follow all the steps below.
- Open Control Panel.
- Now, click the windows defender firewall.
- Get into allow an app or feature through windows defender firewall.
- Now, check the Spotify.
- If it is not checked, click change settings and all both the columns.
See if the problem is solved.
2. Disabling the Antivirus
Many antivirus software has been reported for blocking services connected to music players due to security issues of speaker access. To know if your antivirus software is causing the issue, temporary disable the antivirus and check if the Spotify app is working.
If it is working, contact the manufacturer regarding the problem. If it is not working, move on to the next fix.
3. Change DNS settings
Some machines are not able to access the database due to the default DNS settings on the computer. We suggest you switching to Google Public DNS service. Just follow the steps below.
- On keyboard, press windows +R.
- It will open the Run dialog box.
- Type ncpa.cpl.
- Press Enter.
- In the new window, right-click the Ethernet option (or Wi-Fi).
- Select Properties.
- In the window, click the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4).
- Select the Use the following DNS server addresses.
- Enter 8.8.8 for Preferred server and 126.96.36.199 for Alternate DNS server which is ideal.
- Click ok.
Restart the computer and check if the problem is solved.
4. Changing the proxy settings
If none of the above methods work, try following these steps.
- Open the Spotify app.
- Select the Show advanced settings.
- Move to proxy settings and select the auto detect option.
- Now, click Update proxy.
Final Option | Conclusion
At last, when no options are left and the problem is still not fixed, reinstall the Spotify app from the Windows app store.
Still, have nay queries? Comment down below and our team will reach you as soon as possible.


text:
By happy chance, Saul David's compelling history of the formation and early conflicts of the British Army comes at a time when relations between Britain and her oldest enemy, France, are once more at a low ebb. The fact that we were allied with France against Germany in the two World Wars has obscured the fact that our "natural" foe, from the Hundred Years War onwards, has been our cross-Channel neighbour. And at a time when the Army is facing cutbacks while being expected to fight distant, unpopular wars on a shoestring, David's book could not be more topical.
After a series of books featuring the wars of Empire – the Indian Mutiny and the Zulu War – David turns here to the army's earlier history. His narrative begins with the modern army's origins in the reign of Charles II, when its earliest regiment, the Coldstream Guards, was founded by uniting former enemies: soldiers of the Civil War-winning Cromwellian New Model Army (who gave the army their distinctive redcoat uniform) and Royalist officers. The book then takes us grippingly through three separate but linked global conflicts with France.
Each of these wars featured a great British general: John Churchill, first Duke of Marlborough, whose stunning victories at Blenheim, Ramillies, Oudenarde and Malplaquet checked the expansion of Louis XIV's France during the War of the Spanish Succession; James Wolfe, the conqueror of Quebec, whose victory in the Seven Years War ensured that Canada would become a British rather than a French dominion; and the Duke of Wellington, whose campaign in the Napoleonic Peninsular War in Portugal and Spain was followed by triumph at Waterloo in 1815. The final downfall of Napoleon ushered in the "British century", when this small country was the world's unchallenged global superpower: a suitably glorious conclusion to David's history.
Although he gives each commander their due, David never forgets that an army is only as good as its humblest foot soldier. He writes most winningly, therefore, from the worms' eye view of the men who did the fighting and dying – though, in an age of widespread illiteracy, the personal accounts he quotes most copiously from are the letters and dispatches of the "educated" class. Only with Wellington's wars does the lowly private soldier start to record his experiences.
The book's central theme is the endurance of the British soldier amid conditions that would kill or cripple lesser men. From the snows of Canada, to the parched plains of India and the soul-sapping rains of Europe, the British squaddie – the salt of the earth, as we politely call them, or the "scum of the earth" in Wellington's less complimentary opinion – not only endured, but performed wonders of skill and courage, making Britain the world's premier power on land, as well as its more celebrated role on sea. And (then as now) the men who did these feats were poorly rewarded for their heroic efforts and often left to an old age of penury. Plus ça change.
David keeps the narrative going at a brisk canter, but is careful to include facts and figures too: how much soldiers earned (very little); how officers' commissions were obtained (with cash or influence rather than on merit). John Churchill, whose father, the first Sir Winston, had lost a fortune fighting for the King in the Civil War, was unable to purchase his commission – and owed his first step up on the military ladder to the fact that his sister was the mistress of James, Duke of York, Charles II's younger brother and the future King James II. I'm sure they order things differently in the modern army.
by Saul David
Viking, £25, 558pp