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Archerfield golf challenge boosts cancer charities
A celebrity golf challenge at the famous Archerfield Links in East Lothian has raised a staggering £135,000 for Leukaemia Research and Cancer Research UK
A celebrity golf challenge hosted by Sir Ian Botham and Boyzone singer Ronan Keating at the famous Archerfield Links in East Lothian has raised a staggering £135,000 for the stars adopted charities, Leukaemia Research and Cancer Research UK.
Besides the two illustrious hosts the event attracted a galaxy of celebrities from the worlds of entertainment and sport, including fellow Boyzone star Keith Duffy, Matt Dawson, Jamie Redknapp, Michael Vaughan, Paul Collingwood, Allan Lamb, Bob Willis, Willie Thorne, Dennis Taylor and Ray Clemence.
It also featured former Ryder Cup players Paul Way and Steve Richardson, along with Graeme Storm, leading golfer on the European and US Tours.
The event which was launched last year now promises to be an annual event and forms part of Sir Ian Botham's Charity Golf Series.
Beefy and Ronan, good friends and golf partners, decided they would like to get their celebrity friends together to raise some much needed funds for their favoured charities, Leukaemia Research and Cancer Research UK.
This year s spectacular at Archerfield saw 36 holes played over two days, interrupted only a by a Gala Dinner and Charity Auction at which Ronan Keating and Keith Duffy wowed the audience with an acoustic set.
The pristine Archerfield Links courses the Fidra and the Dirleton are built on some of the finest golfing land in the world, between internationally-renowned Muirfield and North Berwick.
They are a classic mix of softly rolling links and pine forest, with deep, challenging bunkers, and have attracted golfers of the stature of Gary Player and Ian Woosnam.
The centrepiece of the estate is the magnificent Grade 1 listed 17th century mansion Archerfield House, which boasts one of the most stunning locations in the country.
Operating these days as a deluxe 15-bedroomed private house which is available on a nightly basis to a discerning clientele, it is sited between championship golf courses and overlooks the wide expanse of the River Forth past Fidra, the lonely island with its distinctive lighthouse.
To find out more about about Archerfield Links Golf Club and Archerfield House, phone 01620 897050 or visit www.archerfieldgolfclub.com
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LIV Golfer Set To Jump Over 1,000 OWGR Places After Winning International Series Oman (Yet Major Qualification Remains Unlikely)
Carlos Ortiz was well outside of the world's top-1000 players before teeing off in Oman on Thursday, but despite his meteoric rise, he is still a considerable way off qualifying for the Majors
By Jonny Leighfield Published
Mexico Open Leaderboard And Live Report: Jake Knapp Two Ahead Of Sami Valimaki Going Up Last
The powerful Knapp begins Sunday's action with a four-shot lead at Vidanta Vallarta over closest challenger and fellow PGA Tour rookie, Sami Valimaki
By James Nursey Last updated


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Be careful what you are wishing for and try to decide if the sacrifices you are making to obtain the goal aren't going to come back and haunt you after you have finally achieved what you have been working towards.
OK, there's something that you really, really want. You're absolutely yearning for it with all of your soul and being. All you can think about is how much you want it. You ache for it and hunger for it. You become obsessed with it. You spend all of your waking hours thinking about it – consciously and subconsciously – and how to attain it. It consumes you.
You disregard your health – your diet, your sleep, your recreation, your personal time, your intellectual and creative nourishment. You rationalize that the things you're doing in pursuit of this dream are for the good of all those involved in your life, yet you ignore them, erecting a wall between you and your partner, family, children, friends, and colleagues. Worse yet, you treat them in ways that leave in your wake a sea of emotional turmoil.
But you don't see things that way. You think they should encourage you and maybe be a little grateful for all the hard work and long hours you're putting in to get ahead. You're resentful that you're able to keep your eye on the ball and stick it out for the duration, and they don't have the staying power that they bought into in the beginning.
You struggle through, feeling like you're on an island, trying to keep your finger in the dike, and you stay the course. You grow lonelier and more wary. You become alienated from those closest to you.
And then that day that you've always dreamed of comes. You finally achieve your goal, at long last! You earned it. It's time for celebration.
You sit back and reflect upon all you've been through. You say to yourself "I've arrived. Now my life is going to be different." You make the time to sit down with your wife and family and children and explain to them where you are today and why it's all been worth it. You pump out your chest and show your friends the new you, inviting the world to feast their eyes upon you. You make plans, big plans. You know you'll live happily ever after.
It doesn't take long for you to realize, however, that things haven't changed a bit. You're the same old person that you always were. Your life is the same, and the people, places, things, and situations in your life are the same. You start wondering if you're simply bad at celebrating your achievements, or if you're overly driven or a workaholic/prisoner of success. This isn't the way you'd imagined things.
And before you know it, the bloom is off the rose. You wonder if all those hours spent, along with the endless sacrifices, were worth it. You get that sinking feeling in your gut. You missed family dinners, school plays, parties, and who knows how many other opportunities to have fun, solidify and grow relationships, and make new ones. You feel guilty knowing that you'll never recapture the time you've lost, especially the time you sacrificed with loved ones.
Then the final nail in the coffin comes. You think to you yourself:
"Be careful what you wish for, because it might come true."
Fear sets in. You ask yourself: "How could I have been such a horrible predictor of what would make me happy? How could I have invested so much time and effort to wind up with nothing more than where I started? How could I have sacrificed all of that time and hurt my loved ones? How could I have been so selfish? Where did I go wrong?"
The above scenario is not hypothetical. It happened to me, or should I say I created that situation in my life.
Here's my real-life story:
I instantly turned into a materialist right out of college, when I packed my 1978 Honda Civic with my worldly belongings and drove from Tampa to Chicago in search of a job at the Chicago Board Options Exchange (C.B.O.E.), the purest bastion of capitalism I had ever witnessed.
I landed a job as a Runner, literally running order tickets from desks on the trading floor's perimeter to the "pits" where brokers and traders transacted business in what was termed the "open-outcry market." To an outsider it appears to be absolute chaos, but it was pure heaven to me. I proceeded to throw myself into my work and, before I took the time to consider what was happening, I had turned into a prisoner of success. As the ghost of Jacob Marley said in Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol: "I wear the chain I forged in life. I made it link by link, and yard by yard; I girded it on of my own free will, and of my own free will I wore it." That chain was forged from the very beginning in my working life.
That first job led me to a couple of business partners, both of whom shared my desire to start our own trading firm. We did so, and proceeded to become financially successful beyond our wildest dreams. By the time I was 30 years old, I was on top of the world. I had everything I ever wanted (so I thought). But that wasn't enough. Instead of reveling in the joy of a life in balance, I had bought into a seemingly impossible mandate – a relentless drive to get further in life at almost any cost.
At the age of 32, instead of recognizing that I had become an absentee husband and father because of all the hours I was working trading and managing the firm that had grown to over 150 people, my partners and I decided to sell ourselves to a global investment bank so that we could get bigger and make more money. This meant that I'd commute from Chicago to New York every Sunday and return home to my family late Friday evening very much resembling a Zombie – not knowing exactly where I was, and not being able to give anything of myself because my mind was always on work.
After two years of pure hell – physical, mental, and emotional – I had had enough. Thankfully, I had an opportunity to free myself of my employment contract and I got out, barely escaping alive. My wife and I packed up our kids and headed for a quieter life in southeastern Wisconsin, where I began to pursue a more enjoyable and rewarding life.
My kids were young then, but I truly regretted the time I had lost and knew that I could never recapture. I've since devoted myself to doing what is most important to me – spending time with my family. I've seen my kids grow up. I've had breakfast with them before school and greeted them after. We've had dinners as a family and enjoyed supporting one another as each pursued their interests, whether they were sports, music, theater, or friends.
My new life led me to my personal mantra: EMPOWER OTHERS, and to my coaching practice.
Tomorrow: Part 2
Thanks to Peter at I Will Change Your Life . com for including this post in his Personal Stories of Change.

subset: commoncrawl


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DOL and the impact of regulation
by James W. Kerley
Mr. Kerley is Chief Membership Officer for LIMRA and LOMA. In this role, he delivers LIMRA's thought leadership and global research to the broad insurance and financial services community. Visit limra.orgI imagine there might have been a conversation at the White House some time ago, that went something like this:
"We need to do more to protect the retirement nest eggs of our fellow citizens, especially those who buy annuities. While we are at it, let's ensure the consumer's interest is a top priority too."
"Can someone call Secretary Perez over at the Department of Labor and see what his team can come up with to solve this problem."
Like it or not, what the U. S. Department of Labor (DOL) came up with is an outstanding use of innovation to cause far-reaching disruption within the financial services sector. Upon closer examination, let us consider what actually happened.
New Methods?
Innovation, as defined by Merriam-Webster is a "new method, idea, product, or device;" while disruption is defined as a "disturbance or problem that interrupts an event, activity, or process." Clearly, the DOL rule is asking for new methods, and products, as well as interrupting events, activities and processes simultaneously. Was the intention the actuality here? Yes, but with far more reaching consequences than many recognize.
What the DOL launched is disruptive innovation. As Clayton Christensen defines it in his book, The Innovator's Solution, disruptive innovation is "an innovation that creates a new market and value network, and eventually disrupts an existing market and value network, displacing established market, products, firms and alliances." In the book, Christensen suggests that the disruptive process can take a long time, but once it is deployed in the market, it achieves much faster penetration and high degree of impact on the established markets.1
This latest regulation might be the single greatest example of "disruptive innovation" within the financial services sector, since the passage of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974. Moreover, while this latest chapter is a long way from written, the ultimate outcome of the ruling, may be purely coincidental to the changes currently being played out within the financial services sector.
Where will disruptive innovation take place?
Distributors clearly will feel the force of disruptive innovation on their business models. First, think about the increased fiduciary-based sales processes that advisors of all types will be required to follow. Broker-dealers, investment advisors, insurance agents, and plan consultants, will be under the watchful eye of the DOL fiduciary requirements, as they transition from suitability standards to the best interest of the customer.
Second, watch for the creative and innovative ways insurance carriers, financial institutions, industry vendors, and industry trade associations – including LIMRA – will take to respond to the training and supervisory needs of advisors. Consumers, regulators and executives would agree that a better-educated salesforce serving the best interest of the customer is a preferred outcome. In addition, the regulators will see new ways of tracking "best interest behavior" to ensure compliance to the new rules.
The type of agents or advisors serving customers today may shift over time. Fixed-indexed annuity (FIA) distribution is one channel that may feel the greatest impact of disruptive innovation. Based upon the recent ruling of the Dallas Judge, Barbara M. G. Lynn, FIA distributors are now fully impacted. Judge Lynn supported the DOL's contention that FIA products must be included in the Best Interest Contract Exemption (BICE). With that said, this channel is comprised of the most entrepreneurial agency owners I know. They will figure it out and evolve!
Registered investment advisors are in a much better position to comply. Charles Schwab is an example of a company who is taking advantage of this time of disruptive innovation. Recently Charles Schwab ran a full-page advertisement in a financial service trade publication that stated, "Fiduciary: It's the word independent advisors live by." The ad also tells us "Charles Schwab is committed to the success of over 7,000 independent financial advisors who are passionately dedicating themselves to helping people achieve their financial goals." They are not alone in the search for individual advisors, who want to provide contemporary, well-founded advice to the consuming public. I think we will see these types of statements from financial institutions more often.
Fee-only compensation models are examples of disruptive innovation applied to product development. These compensation models are not new ideas. They are simply being applied to a very large segment of financial services sales people, who have lived on a commission-based model for many years. Innovation is necessary here. If it becomes necessary, our industry will learn to operate under the BICE. We will adapt.
Incentive and sales recognition meetings will also need to be redefined. Gathering the wholesaling teams and sales teams for annual planning meetings will continue to be fundamentals of the business. In future meetings we should watch for richer educational components, more focus on developing sales and customer communication skills, and more in-depth opportunities to understand product application. Again in this instance, everyone will benefit from contemporary and well-educated advisors.
Disruptive Innovation and the Consumer
Most importantly, in the center of all this disruptive innovation is the customer. With these changes, they should win in a number of ways. Companies and advisors are working hard to improve consumer's access to information, education, tools and strategies to help them make better choices. More robust websites and blogs will lead to expanded chat and video conference access as well as to new sources of online professional expertise. New apps and robo-tools will provide self-directed consumers information, advice and product solutions in new ways.
Will consumers benefit, no matter which way the ruling on this comes out? I believe that in the final analysis, the answer will be "yes." As noted already, companies and the well-informed advisors are working hard to improve the consumer experience. We have already begun to see how the use of robo-advice allows customers to start investing, and over time seek recommendations of a trusted advisor.
Consumers will win, not because of the DOL fiduciary rules themselves, but rather as a result of the application of other disruptive innovations coming into our space. Companies are continually looking for ways to access new consumer segments, who want and need our products – annuities, investment products and life insurance, as well! Together we are learning how to serve customers, who simply want to purchase in technology enabled ways.
Investors from across all income levels should benefit from innovation in product design. As annuity companies redefine their go-to-market strategies, they will learn more about the retail consumer's needs and preferences. They will have a better understanding of generationally driven buying preferences. Omni-channel purchasing habits may also be used to improve sales to lower and middle-income consumers. While many believe that advisors will not be able to afford to serve this segment of the market, other industries have proven that a segmented approach to both customers and sales representatives can be mutually beneficial. I believe it can serve our industry well, too.
Over the years, many forces have influenced how our industry operates, and of course, regulation is always at the top of the list. Today, regulation, social media access, consumer preferences, technology, and the global economic environment are just a few of the demands that our industry must manage.
The Investment Advisors Act of 1940 established a fiduciary standard of care and required advisors to insure each investment recommendation be in the customer's best interest. Seventy-seven years have passed since those standards were established. It must have felt then, as it feels now. The world would never be the same, because of some crazy disruptive innovation.
Somehow, the financial services industry adjusted to the many regulatory changes over the years, and from my point-of-view, we have been serving our customers very well. I wonder if someone from the White House called the Department of Labor back then too… ◊
1. "Inhibitors of Disruptive Innovation Capability: A Conceptual Model," European Journal of Innovation Management, 2006


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The purpose of this Question Verification Form is to enable Priority Setting Partnerships (PSPs) to describe clearly how they checked that their questions were unanswered, before starting the interim prioritisation stage of the process.
The JLA requires PSPs to be transparent and accountable in defining their own scope and evidence checking process. This will enable researchers and other stakeholders to understand how individual PSPs decided that their questions were unanswered, and any limitations of their evidence checking.
Name of the PSP
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM)
Please describe the scope of the PSP
The objective of this PSP was to identify important research priorities for the diagnosis, treatment and long-term management of patients with DCM. This project engaged orthopaedic and neuro-spine surgeons, other health care professionals, individuals suffering from DCM and patient carers.
Please provide a brief overview of your approach to checking whether the questions were unanswered
A broad search was conducted for each uncertainty to identify published systematic reviews, scoping reviews, clinical practice guidelines and clinical trials. Furthermore, clinicaltrials.gov was searched for any relevant ongoing trials that may address the proposed research questions. If any literature was identified, its quality was rigorously evaluated using validated assessment tools and professional opinion.
Please list the types of evidence you used to verify your questions as unanswered
Systematic reviews, scoping reviews, clinical practice guidelines, clinical trials
Please list the sources that you searched in order to identify that evidence
MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
What search terms did you use?
The search strategy varied depending on the uncertainty. Search terms included degenerative cervical myelopathy, cervical myelopathy, cervical spondylosis, cervical spondylotic myelopathy, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, surgery, outcomes, natural history, imaging, diagnosis, risk, prediction, therapy, etc.
Please describe the parameter of the search (eg, time limits, excluded sources, country/lanugage) and the rationale for any limitations
Only studies on humans and written in English were considered, with no other limits applied. There were no restrictions placed on date or country. The following types of studies were excluded: letters, editorials, commentaries, meeting abstracts and books.
Names of individuals who undertook the evidence checking
Lindsay Tetreault
On what date was the question verification process completed?
November 1, 2019


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Honeywell has begun destroying inventories of certain ozone-depleting refrigerants and selling the resulting emission reduction credits for use in California's greenhouse gas cap-and-trade program, the company announced.
The company said it has destroyed more than 27,000 pounds of CFC-11, a chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant with one of the highest ozone-depleting potentials, and it plans to destroy its remaining inventory of CFC-11, CFC-12 and R-500 refrigerants this year – for an equivalent of 125,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions.
Strategic marketing director for Honeywell Fluorine Products Jeffrey Ballew said that the company chose to destroy the inventory rather that to sell it for use elsewhere in legal markets. According to the Honeywell website, the company stopped U.S. production of CFCs in 1995 in accordance with EPA regulations.
Honeywell said that it expects to offset the cost of destroying the refrigerants with an estimated 125,000 Climate Reserve Tonnes (CRTs) that it can sell to third parties who need credits for California's greenhouse gas cap-and-trade program.
The refrigerants were destroyed following protocols developed by the Climate Action Reserve, a national offsets program that sets standards for greenhouse gas emissions reduction projects. MGM Innova Consulting was brought in to ensure the materials were destroyed in compliance with the Climate Action Reserve's protocols, and the results were verified by TUV-SUD, a third-party auditing firm, Honeywell said.
Yesterday Thomson Reuters Point Carbon forecast that offset supply will be the main long-term allowance price driver after California and Quebec link their emissions trading programs next year to form the Western Climate Initiative single carbon market. But while offsets can be used to cover eight percent of emissions in the program, Point Carbon estimates that under current market regulations, only about one-third of that offset quota will be met through 2020.
In January it predicted that carbon trading in North America will double this year as California and Quebec's individual markets start up.
In September, Honeywell was included on the list of largest non-responding companies to the Carbon Disclosure Project's 2011 annual carbon performance and disclosure ratings.


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You can find a large number of virtual casinos on the web, and they all have a lot of benefits over conventional casinos. Therefore, online gambling sites are becoming increasingly popular with people from different countries. So, if you want to try your luck, then you should visit one of the worthy internet casino sites and check it for yourself. This is done by millions of gamblers around the world.
Thanks to reliable online casinos, online gambling fans have an excellent opportunity to play slot machines, blackjack, poker, roulette, and other games from the comfort of their home. In this review, we will look at the key pros of an online casino so that you know what you get when registering an account on one of the gambling sites.
Main Pros of Virtual Casinos
Gambling fans are attracted to online casino sites not only by their availability and a high level of comfort but also by the following great features:
- All-day-and-night availability — You do not need to look for an establishment, get ready and go somewhere. It is enough to go to the casino site at any time convenient to you;
- Security — By choosing a reliable site, you can be sure of your own security as it uses the most advanced information technology to ensure its high level;
- Convenient access from any type of device — Now, the sites are perfectly adapted and work on stationary computers, tablets, laptops, and phones. There are also specially designed apps. Everything is done for maximum user convenience;
- Huge selection of slots — They can be sorted and selected at your discretion according to certain parameters (by frequency of wins, by theme, by popularity, etc.). From more than 600 types of slots, each player can find the most interesting ones that suit one.
- Free gameplay — There are demo versions of slot machines. You can test games for free and see what works best for you. In addition, during the practice game, you can learn game rules and develop a winning strategy;
- Simple registration and withdrawal of funds — In order to register, you have to fill in some required fields. After specifying the necessary data and confirming agreement with all the rules of the club, you just need to activate the created account — and you can start playing;
- Poker rooms — Poker fans can join any of the rooms where the online broadcast is taking place around the clock;
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- Comfort — Playing in online casinos, users have a real opportunity to relax and enjoy the process as much as possible. As a rule, casino sites have a simple and intuitive interface, so you won't have any problems when looking for an interesting game;
- System of bonuses and cashback — The higher the player's status is, the more cashback one can count on. Active gamblers and high-rollers also get access to various tournaments with more favourable conditions. Bonuses are also provided to new players who have just signed up. So, just check the casino bonus policy not to miss out on a single attractive offer.
At the end of this review, it should be noted that virtual casinos have long surpassed conventional gambling establishments in terms of attendance and popularity. These virtual counterparts of real casinos are well-loved by people from around the globe. With your smartphone, you can regularly make money on bets or just have a good time playing online casino games.


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As followed by many, if the notion of " History Repeats itself,"ls true, then the cause of the great Depression of the 1920's needs to be analyzed. The 1920's or the "Modern Era" was full of exciting times, new inventions, creations, and entertainment. However, as explained in the Background Essay of the DBQ, the economy does not pause for these exciting events to happen, and neither does the bussiness cyle. With the Bussiness Cycle already driving the nation towards recession, many habits of Americans jump started the Depression.The abuse of debt, crash of the economy, and downfall of industry of farmers and overproduction, brought the depression to a start.The roaring twenties, was extravagent, and represented extreeme revolutionary charge. Some changes included, the first commercial radio broadcast, quicker production of goods, athelets and heros, and the most favored: credit. The change from the rural society, to a more urban nation, was embraced by many. This was the first experience of change for many americans, including freedoms and pride for women, more jobs for blacks, and the connection of the whole nation, through trains, radio broadcast, and newspapers/magazines.This was new to Americans, and proven by the depression that occured shortly after, it was a new experience for Americans, that they did not handle well, but moreso learned from it.Stocks originated in Europe, created to raise capital of a new business that wasn't exactly stable yet. A few options in the stock market, were to invest in a joint stock company, which meant selling ownership shares to those willing to invest in a new company. When a stock buyer does not hold on to their stocks, they sold them, or secondary stock. These account for most of the buying and selling of stock. Americans were fascinated in the stock market, and quickly invested. With some stocks bringing money into Americans, the wealthy class increased, and were soon recieving 33 percent of the national income, shown by he chart of document 9.Unfortunatley also explained by the document, not all of the nation was that wealty, in fact only 18 percent were making the basic amount needed to meet basic standard of living, which was around 2000 dollars. One major problem of the stock market, was the fact that a stock could be doing well one week, but in short span of time, the stock could drop down, thus causing the investor to loose his money. Although the stock market was an exciting and new activity during the 20's there were stil many that were struggling, maybe blinded by the excitment, they did not realized it. The economy did not stop, and the bussiness cyle was still intact. The many below the poverty line, wer bringing down the economy, perhaps blinded or addicted to the new and easy stock market.An additional problem of the stock market, came from manipulation that Americans brought into the market. The new and at times quick wealth, that the stock market brought to many families, created a image that everybody wanted. Doc 2 of the DBQ for example, explains how this passage describes that a man suggest to the American people that "Anyone not only can be rich but out to be rich." This influenced people to work to be rich, increasing hype and sending more people to invest in stocks. As explained in the background essay of the DBQ, " Public confidence influences stock." The public quicly turned to the stocks, putting more weight on stocks rising and falling each week.Speculation, when stocks go up simpy because buyers believe they will be able to sell their stock for more in the future, caused many americans to only focus on the "points" that the company increased, and not the actual company. This artificial investment for a quick buck, (explained in doc 5 of the DBQ), was a bad habbit many in the 20's abused. The Document, coming from A History of the American People, gave insite on what the market looked like many years ago. Also, displayed by the newspaper article in document 3, banks were supporting the stock market because of the rocky ups and downs. The stock market is a risky bussiness, but the irresponsible use and abuse of the market caused the economy to dip and thus contributed to the Great Depression.On another note, it was fascinating and new that Americans could be more useful with their money, but the irresponsible uses of it , was a reoccuring
problem during the 20's. Credit, a new variable, allowed buyers to buy goods that they did not have the money for at the time, or in general could not afford. The fabulous and inovated life that many were now living was fun, but eventually the money that buyers put on credit, would have to be paid off. Not all Americans were non chalant about the new credit. A passage from "If Hoover Fails," (Doc 10 of the DBQ) describes how in old times, when one could no longer afford an item, they would stop their buying. The credit system however, allowed many to keep buying. Elmer Davis,suspected that the bill that the buyers would have to face later on, would be larger then they would be able to financially handle.Debt was no longer shameful in the U.S. Explained in Doc 6, consumers were buying most of their belongings with a installement plan, which in the end, put the U.S in a big hole. Also supported by Document 8 of DBQ, the advertisments that were used to convince people to buy things that were new and entertaining, contradicts with the chart of Doc 9, which shows that only 18 percent of Americans were making enough money for standard living, which means that many Americans were buying new things they did not need, or could not afford. That's were credit comes it, consumers could now buy things and pay it off later. The credit system was abused by consumers causing great U.S debt and contributed to the Great DepressionLastly, but equally important, overproduction of goods contributed to the downfall of the economy. The bussiness cycle: A cycle or series of cycles of economic expansion and contraction, took a role in the prosperity of the economy of the 20s. According to document 1 in the DBQ: a pattern of downfall of depression was documented to come after most wars or tough times. With World War 1 just ending, there was a possibility that the economy would fall again. The overproduction of goods mainly came from farmers. Although the demographics of the 20s had greatly changed, many farmers were still steady in productions and maintaining their farms. Unfortunately in the times coming up to the Great Depression, farmers had overproduced goods, and weren't able to sell the crops. Farmers couldn't pay their bills, and the sales of farmers went down.According to the rule of supply and demand, when there is a higher supply of a product, the prices is likely to go up, so the producer can get rid of the product. This made the value of goods go down, thus effecting the economy greatly. Displayed by the chart in document 4, the percent of farmers that were unemployed (particularly around the time building up to the Great Depression) spiked up. Because of the drop in prices, and overproduction, especially portrayed in a picture in Doc 11, the farm industry came stumbling down, just as the farmer and his prices in the photo.Unless one lived in the time of the roaring and exciting 1920's, its hard to really know what the times really felt like, and more importantly, what really lead to the Great Depression. Based of research, and history a few causes were particullary evident in being a main variables in the fall of the U.S economy. The overproduction of goods, the fall of the stock market, and the abuse of credit have the greatest impact on the fall. The Great Depression is a memorable period of time, and these 3 things led the nation to a depression.


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Vladislav Rajkovič
Intelligent Systems
Jozef Stefan Institute
Vladislav Rajkovič is currently working as a Researcher in the Department of Intelligent Systems, Jozef Stefan Institute , Slovenia. He/she is serving as an editorial member and reviewer of several international reputed journals. He/ She has successfully completed his Administrative responsibilities.
Research Interest
"Artificial Intelligence Data Mining Databases Educational Assessment Educational Theory Didactics"


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Pixel 3 XL
In Summer of 2018, I had a Nexus 6P that was on its last legs, and I couldn't quite wait for the Pixel 3 phones to be released in the Fall, so I picked up a refurbished Pixel XL to tide me over until I could see the new devices. That Pixel XL was fantastic, so I just kept it for nearly 2 years. Back in October, the Pixel XL got its last OS update, and I've now started seeing news of Android 11 previews, so I got the itch to replace the old Pixel XL even though it still runs pretty well.
I finally got that Pixel 3 XL just a year and a half later. Compared to the Pixel 3a XL, I figured I'd appreciate the higher screen resolution and the bit of water resistance. This device doesn't seem too much different from my old Pixel XL, though now I'm buying a couple headphone adapters, and I might just end up using my cheap bluetooth headphones more. I'm excited to have wireless charging again, which I had given up with my Nexus 4. The front-firing stereo speakers are back and sounding good, but it's an adjustment from the way I used to carry the Pixel XL with the single speaker blasting podcasts from a pocket as I wander the house. It seems that maybe driving the extra speaker may drain battery a little quicker. After a couple days, I had to pop into the Developer Options to hide the notch. It's just a bad idea: I have too many notifications to allow room for a notch cut out between them.
The Pixel 3 XL seems pretty well-balanced with features I want at a reasonable price (about $300 USD for the refurbished one). I already have the March 2020 update before I've even owned the device for a week, and I should have updates through 2021. When updates run out, I'll look at upgrading again. I'll need to find a use for the original Pixel as a webcam or something, since it's still in such good shape and had plenty of computing power.


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Hamilton has shown no contrition for his relapse and I'm glad as hell the Angels took a stand and got rid of the guy - even though the national media have killed the Angels and owner Arte Moreno for apparent lack of tact in handling this delicate flower.
Maybe if Hamilton was putting up numbers the Angels would have taken more care help the guy out, but I think the fact that he struggled was just one part of the equation - I get people like Hamilton's story, people are still going to bat for him and his supposed disease as if he was one of them, but does anyone really know what is going on with him at any given moment?
Just to play around sometimes, I still want to imagine being Hamilton, the guy with the bravado, the guy with ability to swing for the fences willy-nilly and actually do so - maybe he makes a comeback, maybe he gives the finger to the Angels and this idea of being accountable at points in one's life, but he is someone else's problem now.


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In today's post: These little flower pot bunnies turn out adorable and are easy enough to make with your kids. Line them with a cupcake liner and fill them with Easter treats to make them even more fun.
I'm not sure what my daughter likes most about these bunnies – the fact that they are adorable or the fact that they are full of M&Ms!
Flower Pot Bunny Craft VIDEO
Watch this video to see how to make this craft:
Tips for Success
This craft is so easy, your kids may be able to do it without any help from you. Here are a few tips to make things simpler:
- Start by painting the pot. The bottom of the pot doesn't need to be painted, but you do want to paint the top half inch of the inside. You can use a hair dryer on low to speed up the drying of the pot.
- Next, paint a 4×4 inch piece of craft foam sheet to match your pot. This is what you'll use to make your bunny's ears. You can cut out the ears in any shape you want, but if you want them to look like mine, you can use my downloadable ear template: click here to print the Bunny ears template
- Once the ears are cut out, you'll glue the bunny together using hot glue. Remember to do the hot gluing for your young children, or supervise older children.
I found all of the supplies for this bunny craft at Hobby Lobby. This is what you'll need:
- 2.5 inch tall terra cotta flower pots
- Acrylic paint in whatever color you want the bunnies
- Small foam paintbrush
- Sheet of white craft foam
- Black Sharpie to draw eyes and whiskers
- Pink paint OR pink sharpie to draw a nose (optional, you could draw the nose in black)
- Hot glue gun
- White standard size cupcake liners and Easter candies
Also, if you'd like to use my template for cutting out the ears, you can download it by clicking here. Print it at full size or 100%.
How to make Flower Pot Bunnies
Flower Pot Bunny Craft
- Small Flower Pots 2.5 inches high
- 1 sheet White Craft Foam
- Acrylic Paint
- Foam Paintbrush
- Black Sharpie
- Cupcake Liners
- Easter Candy
Want more project ideas? Sign up to get my favorite easy crafts and recipes straight to your inbox!
- Optional: Print the template for the bunny ears found at itsalwaysautumn.com. Link in notes.
- Paint the outside of a pot in the color of your choice. You don't need to paint the bottom of the pot, but you should paint about half an inch insides the top rim of the pot. Also cut a 4x4 inch square from craft foam and paint it to match. Allow pot and foam to dry (you can use a hair dryer on low to speed the drying).
- Trace the large ear template on the painted foam and cut out two ears (they should be mirror images). Cut two small inner ears from white foam. Hot glue the white inner ears onto the painted ears.
- Glue the ears to the inside rim of the pot. Draw or paint a nose, eyes, and whiskers on the front of the pot. I used the end of a paintbrush dipped in bright pink paint to make the nose and a black Sharpie to draw the eyes and whiskers.
- Place a cupcake liner inside the pot. It will need to fold slightly to fit. Fill the pot with Easter candy.
Thanks for visiting! Find even more Easter crafts for kids here


text: Two state senators from northwest Iowa are pushing to raise the speed limit on the Interstate. Senators John Redwine of Sioux City and Jack Kibbie of Emmetsburg introduced a bill today which would hike the speed limit on Iowa's interstates to 70. Senate Republican Leader Stewart Iverson of Dows is personally opposed to raising the limit.But Iverson says if a majority of the 50 state Senators want to make the move, he'll let the bill come up for a vote in the Senate. House Speaker Brent Siegrist, a republican from Council Bluffs, supports raising the limit. He says geography plays a role on the issue. He says he hears from people in his district about the high speed limits in border states.Siegrist believes Iowans want a higher speed limit on the Interstates.Siegrist says the roads are designed for traffic moving at 70 miles per hour, and he doesn't think accident rates will skyrocket if the speed limit's raised to 70.


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Republican opposition can't last — Gore
Former Vice President Al Gore said last night that Republican opposition to climate action would eventually give way in the face of public opinion and a preponderance of scientific evidence.
"I don't think it can last," he said last night during an appearance on MSNBC's "All In with Chris Hayes." Gore added, "I think we are winning this debate."
"I think the coal industry is on the ropes here in the United States," he added.
Gore and Hayes noted that Republican contenders for the 2016 presidential nomination frequently point to inaction in other countries to warn against the United States' taking steps to limit greenhouse gas emissions. But Gore pointed out that China last Friday announced that it will preview a new carbon cap-and-trade program beginning in 2017 that will cover its entire economy — including sectors like manufacturing that are not regulated for carbon in the United States.
Gore also used the spot to cheer former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's announcement last week that she does not support approval of the Keystone XL oil pipeline — a position that puts her in line with other Democratic presidential contenders. He declined to say whether or whom he would endorse in 2016, saying it is too early.
Gore, who is now the founder and chairman of the Climate Reality Project, waved away a question about whether he might return to politics by calling himself a "recovering politician."
"The longer I go without a relapse, the less likely one becomes," he said.
And Gore applauded Royal Dutch Shell PLC's announcement that it would not drill in the Arctic, saying that such a plan would be "insane" because oil spills would be destructive in the region.
"A crazy idea in the first place. I'm glad that they pulled the plug. I hope nobody else does it," he said.


text:
Dorset, Hampshire
The Rough Guide to Dorset, Hampshire & the Isle of Wight is the ultimate travel guide to these beautiful
and diverse regions of southern England.
With detailed coverage of all the top attractions, you'll discover the hidden gems of the New Forest and South Downs National Parks
and find the best beaches on the Isle of Wight and along the stunning south coast, which includes the famous Jurassic Coast.
This guide features practical advice on what to see and do, with up-to-date reviews of the best hotels, bars, clubs, shops,
and restaurants for all budgets.
The Rough Guide to Dorset, Hampshire & the Isle of Wight also includes detailed walks and cycling routes,
historical information, and the lowdown on the best places to sample local food and drink.
Explore every corner of these regions with easy-to-use color maps to help make sure you don't miss a thing.
Make the most of your time with The Rough Guide to Dorset, Hampshire & the Isle of Wight.
Series Overview: For more than thirty years, adventurous travelers have turned to Rough Guides for up-to-date
and intuitive information from expert authors. With opinionated and lively writing, honest reviews,
and a strong cultural background, Rough Guides travel books bring more than 200 destinations to life.
Visit RoughGuides.com to learn more.
- Liczba stron
- 296
- Oprawa
- miękka
- Format
- 130 x 190
- Autor
- Praca Zbiorowa
- Wydawca
- Rough Guide
- Język
- angielski
- Data wydania
- 10-01-2017
- Rodzaj przewodnika
- tekstowy


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Our Home Tour At Night
As a home blogger, 99% of the photos I take for the blog happen during the daytime hours. With photography, lighting is everything and you really just can't beat natural light. In fact, when I shoot a space, I always turn off all of the lights in the room so I can just rely on the light streaming in from the windows.
However, there is something kinda cozy about a home during the evening hours, with the shades drawn and the lamps on. While I love our home during the day, it's extra special at night and feels incredibly cozy and warm. I figured it was about time to give you a home tour at night around here!
My Evening Ritual
Rory goes to bed around 7pm and once she is down for the count, I go around the house preparing it for the evening hours. Finn and I clean up the kitchen, run the dishwasher, and put all of her toys away in the living room. I'll then draw our shades closed in our bedroom and the living room and turn off all of the overhead lighting.
With the canned lighting off, we rely solely on lamps around here and it really does make the space inviting and cozy. We'll lock the doors and sometimes light a candle so we can just enjoy the quiet of our house at night.
My Lighting Rules
When it comes to lighting, I follow a few rules to make our home as comfortable as possible.
- Dimmers Galore: Every single one of our overhead lights is on a dimmer switch. I think this is incredibly important so you can control the amount of light coming into a room. We have these LeGrand smart switches and they're great because we can sync them to our phones and Alexa. (You can read more about them in this blog post and video.)
- Warm Bulbs for the Win: Most of the light bulbs in our house are 2700 Kelvin because they emit a nice, warm glow. I chat more about the difference between light bulbs in this post, but that is my go-to color temperature.
- Overhead Lights Off: At night, I don't really enjoy the harsh shadows that come from recessed canned lighting. It isn't very flattering, so we often turn off all of our recessed lighting during the evening hours.
- Lamps On: We use these smart plugs for all of our lamps so we can turn them on and off using our phones or Alexa. At night, I'll say "Alexa, turn on the living room lamps" or "Alexa, turn on the bedroom lamps" and they'll automatically go on.
The Living Room
Let's start in the living room. As I mentioned, I like to draw the solar shades here because anyone can see directly into our house at night. Before I installed these, the entire neighborhood could see what we were watching at night. Ha!
With the floor lamp and the table lamp on, our living room has a nice warm glow. You may notice something a little different here…our coffee table is gone! It's been temporarily moved down to the basement to give Rory a bit more floor space to play. We kept moving it to the side during the day and eventually we thought, "Let's just keep it out of here until we figure out a more permanent playroom situation." It's been great to have a nice open spot on the rug!
Before Rory, we used to spend a lot of time in the living room at night. Now, I find that we're both often finishing things up during the evening hours. Finn is doing work in the basement and I'm upstairs taking a bath or watching TV in the bedroom. But on the weekends, this is definitely where you'll find both of us hanging during the evening hours.
Living Room Sources
Hardwood Floors // Wall Color: Benjamin Moore "Ballet White" // Trim Color: Benjamin Moore "Simply White" // Door Color: Sherwin Williams "Tricorn Black" // Couch // Rug // Leather Chair // Gray Chairs // TV Sideboard // Entryway Console // Modern Planter // Floor Length Mirror (old from CB2) // Ottoman // Floor Lamp // Table Lamp // Curtains // Curtain Rod // Dining Table // Dining Chairs // Dining Tray // Side Table (DIY project) // Wood Side Table // Tree Basket // Olive Tree // Custom Frames // Pouf // Lidded Basket (similar) // White Vase // Gallery Wall Details // Solar Shades
The Kitchen
My same lighting rules apply here in the kitchen. The recessed cans are all off, and we have the sconces, dining chandelier, and undercabinet lights on. These are all on dimmers, so I can make it lighter or darker in here depending on what we're up to.
If you remember this blog post back during the kitchen renovation, I shared all of the details about adding in-cabinet lighting to our glass cabinets. We still adore them and will often turn them on at night. We've also used the fun colors on them (most recently for Rory's birthday), which is always an exciting change.
I'm also really happy we added the undercabinet lighting in the kitchen. It's one of my favorite light sources and makes the countertops look so pretty. If you're doing a kitchen, don't forget to add this!
I like "closing" the kitchen for the night after dinner. Cleaning up, running the dishwasher, and turning on these subtle lights just cues to me that it's time to stop grazing for food and get ready for bed.
Kitchen Sources
Kitchen Cabinetry in the colors "Bonsai" & "Cottage" // Quartz Countertops // Pendant Lights // Under-cabinet Lighting // Counter Stools // Farmhouse Sink // Polished Nickel Faucet // Pot Filler // Soap Dispensers // Sink Scrub Brush // Butcher Block // Refrigerator // Dishwasher // Range // Kitchen Runner // Double Oven // Gold Knobs // Gold Pulls // Counter Canisters // Walnut Dining Table // Chandelier // Wall Color // Bench Cushion from Patio Lane in Sunbrella Fabric "Capriccio Toast" // Dinner Bell // Wine Fridge // Frame TV // In-cabinet lighting // Askel Walnut Floating Shelves // Wood Fruit Tray (HomeGoods) // Rattan Bowl // Wood Cutting Board // Marble Utensil Holder
The Main Bedroom
I absolutely adore the glimpse into our main bedroom at night. The chandelier is so beautiful and then you get a glimpse at our new dresser in here and my heart just gets so happy. There used to be nothing on that wall when you walked into the room and I'm so pleased it's now a focal point.
I found this gorgeous dresser from the local Restoration Hardware outlet store for 70% off and it was the best deal. This piece is huge, such high-quality, and holds so much stuff. I've been having so much fun styling the top and I keep changing things up. I ended up adding the same table lamp that we have in our living room up here to add light and more black in this space. Not to mention, I always think it's a good idea to repeat some elements throughout your home to keep it cohesive.
While Finn gives Rory a bath at night, I'll often come in here, put on my pajamas, draw the shades closed, and wash my face. It's a nice little ritual to signal that the day is coming to a close.
The sconces were the ultimate addition to this space as I discussed at length in this blog post, and they really make the space feel elegant and high-end. You'll notice that the old nightstands are still in place (the new ones have arrived and they're fantastic), but I'll be sure to show you the new ones in the bedroom reveal blog post next week. (Yes, it's finally time to cross this room off my to-do list!)
This is the spot where you'll likely find me during the evening hours, usually watching TV on our Frame TV. I also usually have my laptop in hand, often editing pictures, planning the following day, or responding to comments, and unwinding for the night. I love sitting here in my pajamas and resting. It's such a comfortable spot to end my days.
Main Bedroom Sources
Frame TV // Wall Color: Benjamin Moore "Boothbay Gray" // Bamboo Shades // Dresser (Restoration Hardware Outlet) // Door Knobs // Ceiling Fan // Nightstands // 9×12 Rug // Cream Bed // Wallpaper // Rug Pad // Mattress // Gray Velvet Curtains // Curtain Rods (with European Gold Rub 'n Buff) // White Duvet // Sheets // Cream Bed Blanket // Bench // Sheepskin Throw // Striped Pillows // Lumbar (custom) // Large White Vase // Brass Sconces // Table Lamp // Marble Tray // Marble Picture Frame // Planter // Hallway Chandelier
The Office
Finally, my home office. Thankfully, I don't spend much time in here at night. I do my best work during the daytime hours, so this room is often closed up for the night once Rory goes to bed. However, if I do need to work, this is a good spot to do it.
The gold chandelier (no longer available, but this one is similar) has the softest glow and I'll often turn the table lamp on for extra light. The built-ins look very navy during the day, but at night, they're a bit more grayish/black and they're so pretty. I'll often finish up work and look around this room with so much pride, knowing we did most of the work in here ourselves.
Home Office Sources
Wall Color: Benjamin Moore "Ballet White" // Trim Color: Valspar "Simply White" // Built-In Color: Valspar "Chimney Smoke" // Built-in decor sources in this blog post // Drawer Hardware // Cabinet Hardware // Chandelier (similar) // Wall Mural // Loveseat // Rug // Leather Pouf // Oak Desk // Table Lamp // Small Floor Planter // Faux Fiddle Leaf Fig // Fiddle Leaf Basket // Window Shades
Thanks for Checking Out Our Home Tour at Night
I'm so happy to share this little home tour at night. It's fun to see how these spaces look and feel so different, depending on the time of day. I wish I could have snapped some pics of Rory's nursery at night – it really is so cozy – but alas, I didn't want to interrupt my sleeping princess.


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Most people these days use Firefox for browsing and the performance for Firefox is very good as compared with other browser.
This article will provide you with some tips that will allow you to enjoy safe and secure browsing with Firefox. To employ some of the tips you may need to download some extension of Firefox and set up but this will be worth it as it will enhance your browsing speed.
1. Protect Tab vs. Lock Tab:
Tab Mix Plus is one of the best extensions of Firefox that will enhance the tab browsing in Firefox. Another extension called Tab Browser Extension also provides similar functions. These two features are almost similar so let's differentiate between them:
- Protect Tab: this feature will lock the tab which will prevent accidental closure.
- Lock Tab: this will prevent you from navigating to a new URL. This feature will lock you in the page your currently in. Any link you select will open in a new tab.
2. Use Keyboard HotKey To Select Specific Tab:
There are built in in keyboard shortcuts in Firefox that will enable you to navigate to any of the open tabs very quickly. This feature is very useful when you have opened multiple tabs. To use the hotkeys do the following:
- Ctrl + 1 will select the left most tab
- Ctrl + 2 to 8 will enable you to select the tabs in order from left to right
- Ctrl + 9 will always open the right most tabs.
3. Open The Current Tab In A New Window Of Firefox:
If you are using a more than one monitor then this feature will be really useful to you and for this to work you need to install Tab Mix Plus. After you have installed tab mix plus right click on a tab and you will notice the option duplicate in new window.
Alternatively you can use the shortcut Ctrl + Shift + N. you can also add a list of different action to right click tab context menu.
4. How To Make Firefox Use Multiple Rows Of Tabs:
If you are a power user of Firefox then this option will be really beneficial to you. For this to work you need to have tab mix plus extension installed. After installation do the following:
- Open the options menu and go to display tab
- Then in the option of when tabs don't fit width from the drop down menu select multi-row and you can also set the maximum number of rows to display.
5. How To Save Open Windows And Tabs During Restarting Firefox:
When you have multiple tabs open you really don't want to restart your Firefox or your PC. You also don't want to bookmark them but don't want to lose the information that the tabs are providing. To solve this dilemma you can use either of the options:
- Install Restart Firefox Extension which will keep the tabs exactly as they were before restarting Firefox.
- Enable Firefox to save all the windows and tabs you were on. You can do this from the options of the Firefox in the main tab when Firefox starts drop down menu select show my windows and tabs from last time.
- Use Tab Mix Plus to save all your windows and tabs. Open the settings and change when browser starts to restore.
Hope these tips were helpful to you and do let us know is you come across some other browsing tips.


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Lana Durovic's photographs - of objects or environments that seem to have outlived their usefulness and yet remain in use, or of isolated trees that cling to life by deserted or derelict buildings - seem at odds with her training as an architect, responsible for creating sleek, comfortable and purposeful environments.
And yet, there is a clear link between the two. Buildings control our movements within and around them, mostly without our realising it; bricks and cement are anything but passive. The architect's job is to create a connected series of active but unnoticeable cues for behaviour, which we walk through and around without realising it. Where an anthropologist might find only a 'non-place' that people merely pass through on their way to somewhere more meaningful, an architect sees a space that actively directs those passers-by.
Durovic's photographs show those details that we are used to passing by or avoiding without realising it, which normally fail to appeal in a society which seems obsessed with a love of the beautiful, young, and new. They may remind us that life persists, however tenuously, in the most unlikely and unloved places in our world.
Southwark Cathedral
London Bridge, SE1 9DA
info • what's on @ • map
Cathedral daily 8am-6pm; Refectory Mon-Fri 8.30am-6pm; Sat & Sun 10am-6pm
For the latest local news and events direct to your inbox every Monday, you need our weekly email newsletter SE1 Direct.


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Republican Governor Kim Reynolds is defending her decision to use federal coronavirus relief money to cover the salaries of 21 members of her staff.
"CARES (Act) money can be used for salaries," Reynolds said during a news conference Wednesday. "That's very clear in what allowable allocations are."
Some Democrats in the Iowa Senate have called for an investigation of the decision after the Bleeding Heartland blog first raised questions about the spending. Reynolds said federal guidance indicates CARES Act money may be used for expenses directly related to the pandemic. According to the governor, the roles for her staff immediately changed once Covid cases were confirmed in Iowa in early March.
"I moved the entire team out to the state Emergency Operations Center…to have everybody…hearing and seeing the same information," Reynolds said, "communicating, collaborating, putting a system together."
The salaries of some but not all of the governor's staff are covered with money from other state agency budgets and Reynolds told reporters she felt those agencies shouldn't shoulder the costs of those salaries if the staff worked on the state's Covid response rather than on matters related to the agency.
A Democrat in the state senate says the state's share of federal Covid relief money should be spent to help Iowans who've lost their job or are trying to keep their business afloat rather than pay state employees. Reynolds said her staff worked overtime to respond to the pandemic. Half were assigned to policy-related tasks. The other half were assigned to answer phone calls and emails from Iowans seeking information.
"So I have absolutely no problem submitting the $300,000 for the additional expense in salaries in our office," Reynolds said.
The governor's chief of staff indicated Reynolds has not formally signed off on the federal money transfer yet. The state legislature set aside more than $4.5 million in the state budget for the governor's office operations and the governor has broad authority to distribute that money as she sees fit. The only salaries which are specified in state law are those for the governor and lieutenant governor.


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266 pp., illus., paperback, Johannesburg, 2014
Tim Couzens discusses each of the five theatres of action which confronted South African troops during World War I: German South West Africa, German East Africa, Agagia in Egypt, the Western Front in Europe, and South Africa itself during The Rebellion. He also includes a chapter on the contribution of black South African troops.
Tim Couzens is also the author of "Tramp Royal", "Murder at Morija" and "South African Battles".


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David Cameron's resignation over Britain's shock EU exit vote was described as "honourable" and "decent" by leading figures from across the political divide.
Boris Johnson, the leading Leave campaigner, paid tribute to a "brave and principled" man, while Michael Gove said Mr Cameron should be "remembered as a great prime minister".
Earlier, with a voice trembling with emotion, Mr Cameron announced he was standing down, before adding: "I will do everything I can in future to help this great country succeed."
More than 80 Eurosceptic Tory MPs - including every Cabinet minister who said they would vote Leave - had previously signed a letter addressed to Mr Cameron, urging him to remain as Prime Minister regardless of the referendum result.
Mr Johnson, the former London mayor and standard bearer for the Vote Leave campaign, described Mr Cameron as "one of the most extraordinary politicians of our age", adding that he was a "brave and principled man" who had given "superb leadership".
Michael Fallon, the Defence Secretary, told Radio 4's Today programme that Mr Cameron would be remembered as "one of Britain's great reforming prime ministers".
He said: "Of course it's extremely sad news and I would have preferred him to stay on to help make this decision work but it's his decision and I think it's the honourable and decent thing to do.
"He lost the argument in the referendum campaign and it does answer your question as to who is best placed to take this renegotiation forward." Mr Fallon added, however, that "it's too early to speculate" on who will replace Mr Cameron.
"What's important now is that we reassure the country, we stabilise the markets and the economy and we reassure our allies that Britain is not turning its back on the world," he added.
Theresa Villiers, the Northern Ireland secretary, added: "It's truly shocking news, it's deeply sad... I would very much have preferred David Cameron to have been steering this country through the next few years. I entirely respect his decision but I think it's a sad day for the country that he has decided to stand down."
Meanwhile, Jeremy Corbyn, the Labour leader, told BBC 5 Live: "I think the way he handled the Bloody Sunday inquiry and the way he handled the apology...I would praise him for that."
Mr Corbyn also described the "the very decent and generous way" in which he behaved over their joint visit to Birstall following the death of Labour MP Jo Cox and "on gay marriage I think he was very brave on that and faced down his own party on that".
Alex Salmond, the former Scottish First Minister, said the resignation was "inevitable".
He added: "I, unlike some others, have been in this position of being the first minister of Scotland who organised the referendum, took my case to the people and lost.
"And you couldn't possibly continue in office under these circumstances. I never had a sliver of doubt that a Brexit would be followed very swiftly by the Prime Minister's resignation.
"And incidentally, the Chancellor, and many other members of the Government, who similarly are faced with the position of having no credibility whatsoever.
"If you take your case to the country on a constitutional issue and you lose, then there is only one course to take and that is to resign and allow those who sought a mandate and won, which they can see from the people of England, to go forward and take forward that mandate. That's the only thing you can do."
Tim Farron, leader of the Liberal Democrats, said the vote for Brexit would be the PM's legacy.
He said Mr Cameron had "no choice" but to resign and that Tory in-fighting over Europe had forced the country "over the edge".
He said: "Twelve months ago David Cameron had the best result of his career. Today, the worst.
"I was honoured to share a platform with the Prime Minster on this campaign, but this result, this self-inflicted wound, will be his legacy.
"There have been many things I did not agree with the Prime Minister on, but I must thank him for his stewardship of the country and for the way he took the very bold decision to create a coalition government in 2010. It was an incredible act of bi-partisan co-operation.
"The result of the referendum has left him with no choice."
Mr Farron said the Government's priority must be to "steady the economy" and reassure the markets.
Scottish Secretary David Mundell said: "David Cameron has been a great leader of my party and of our country. I was proud to be one of his first supporters during the 2005 leadership election and I have never regretted that decision for a moment. His achievements in rescuing our economy and in social reform will stand the test of time.
"Today he has once again put country before self."
Green Party leader Natalie Bennett said: "It is right that David Cameron has announced his resignation this morning. The UK requires fresh leadership after a bitter, divisive campaign.
"We must all work to bring communities that have been driven apart back together. That healing process begins this morning.
"But it is important that the coming days are not dominated by Conservative manoeuvring at the expense of broader, wider and more long-term debates about Britain's future."
Former Labour minister and European Commissioner for Trade, Peter Mandelson told said Mr Cameron's resignation spelled the end of attempts to modernise and make the party "less nasty".
Describing how he felt as the PM delivered his speech outside No 10, he said: "I felt very sad actually because as a fellow practitioner of politics and somebody who, as I did, played a role in taking the Labour Party to the centre I stepped back and watched him and George Osborne try to do exactly the same - to make the Tory Party a less nasty party, a more socially tolerant and inclusive party, and also of course a pro-European Party.
"But those who never wanted to go on that journey have finally got the upper hand, they've defeated him and now they can take the Conservative Party more in their own closed and right wing direction.
"And I think that is not what the country needs and I think it is a shame, both for Mr Cameron and for Mr Osborne, who initially, frankly, did so well in what they were trying to pull off."
He said the Chancellor's position had "been affected" by the tumultuous events, but said it is "not for me to say" if his political career is over.
Bob Neill, MP for Bromley and Chislehurst, said he was "very sad" by Mr Cameron's resignation.
"He has been a great servant to his country and to his Party," Mr Neill wrote. "He deserved better."


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Aggregates demand is growing globally. Jim O'Brien, convenor of GAIN (Global Aggregates Information Network) and honorary president of
In the February/March issue of Aggregates Business, I outlined the membership of the Global Aggregates Information Network (GAIN, www.GAIN.ie) across six continents. In this article, I will summarise the best available data on aggregates production in each region, demonstrating a positive overall global growth.
Regional trends
European aggregates production fell by 30% between 2007 and 2013 due to the economic crisis. It has recovered by some 16% since 2013, bringing the 2017 total EU28, plus EFTA, consumption back to the 3 billion tonnes level of a decade earlier. Growth has continued in 2018. The UEPG data (www.UEPG.eu) exhibits variety in the national production per capita, the EU average consumption being 5.8tonnes/capita (t/c).
Looking to North America, in the USA pre-crisis production was over 3 billion tonnes, but this declined by 35% to under 2 billion tonnes in 2010; it has since recovered by some 12% to 2.4 billion tonnes, equivalent to 7.5t/c. Consumption continues to grow, with significant pent-up demand in the upgrading of road, airport and harbour infrastructures, making for a positive US industry outlook.
In Canada, production is estimated at 400 million tonnes, equating to some 11.4t/c, driven by its strong economy, varied topography and harsh climate. The Mexican production is estimated at around 500 million tonnes, equivalent to some 5t/c. While the market varies by region, there is significant national growth potential.
Looking to South America, the Brazilian demand for aggregates had grown by 6.2% annually from 340 million tonnes in 2000 to 745 million tonnes in 2013, before suffering a 33% decline to 497 million tonnes in 2017, due to its financial crisis. This is equivalent to only 2.7t/c, but there is significant growth potential through population increase and infrastructure deficit, so growth in demand of 3-5%/year is expected in the coming years.
Next biggest is Colombia, with a current production level of 147 million tonnes, equivalent to just on 3t/c. Its main challenge is that 50% of the national demand is illegally produced, this challenge being proactively addressed by ASOGRAVAS. Next is Argentina, with a national production of some 140 million tonnes, equivalent to 3.2t/c; although this had grown strongly in recent years, it has recently been affected by economic turbulence.
Beyond the figures mentioned above, very little data is available for the rest of Central and South America, but the total regional demand is estimated at about 2 billion tonnes, which equates to just over 3t/c. The region has very significant growth potential in the next decade, derived from economic growth, expanding populations with low median age, plus major housing and infrastructural deficits.
Looking to Asia, the Chinese national production is reported at 20 billion tonnes, which equates to a remarkable 14t/c. The government is strongly rationalizing the industry, closing down smaller quarries in favour of new super-quarries with production in the range of 5-10 million tonnes or larger. The industry is undergoing an unprecedented modernization with state-of-the-art environmental controls and rapid evolution in machinery technology.
India probably now has the fastest aggregates market growth in absolute terms at a global level. Its market is now estimated at 5 billion tonnes, equivalent to 3.7t/c, with double-digit growth expected in the years ahead. One of the industry's main challenges, being actively addressed, is the phasing-out of natural sand extraction from rivers, replacing this with manufactured sands.
Japanese aggregates production is 350 million tonnes, equivalent to only 2.8t/c, a result of its rather stagnant economy. However, reconstruction after recent weather events and the 2020 Olympics are driving current demand. Demand in Malaysia is estimated at 100 million tonnes, equivalent to 3t/c, but with solid growth prospects driven by infrastructural megaprojects. Little data on aggregates demand is available for the other major countries of the region, these including Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar and the Koreas.
The total regional estimate for Asia outside of China and India is estimated at some 8 billion tonnes, equivalent to some 6.2t/c because of generally strong economic and construction growth in the region. Another salient feature of this region is the international ship-trading of aggregates, in contrast to the more usual internal supply in developed regions.
Australia has enjoyed 27 years of continuous economic growth, with recent weakness in residential construction offset by strong infrastructural and commercial activity; its production of 200 million tonnes corresponds to 8.3t/c. New Zealand demand of 41 million tonnes represents a healthy consumption of 8.9t/c. For the whole of Oceania, overall consumption is estimated at about 400 million tonnes, equivalent to some 8t/c.
Looking at the continent of Africa, South African production of 150 million tonnes represents about 3t/c. No production data is available for the rest of the continent, but it is estimated at around 4 billion tonnes, equivalent to around 3t/c, a typical figure for the early stages of economic development, with significant growth potential in the years ahead.
In the Middle East, the United Arab Emirates has a total national production of 135 million tonnes from 92 quarries, equivalent to 14.4t/c. The biggest company,
Russian aggregates production continues to grow strongly, now at 700 million tonnes, equivalent to 5t/c. As the main aggregate resources are remote from Moscow, aggregates are shipped in by train. Little reliable data is available on the rest of the former CIS countries, but the regional production is estimated at 1.5 billion tonnes, equivalent to 5t/c. Production in Turkey, having risen strongly over several years, has declined to 480 million tonnes, still representing a solid 6.3t/c, with renewed growth anticipated in the coming years.
Global trends
The best-estimated global production figure comes to 50 billion tonnes, which for a world population of 7.7 billion, equates to 6.5t/c (Table 1); the breakdown by region illustrates that a remarkable 66% of global production is in Asia.
The global outlook to 2030 looks positive, with aggregates production driven forward by three key factors, namely, increasing global population (reaching 8.5 billion by 2030), continued economic development and increasing global urbanisation (reaching 60% by 2030). Accordingly, it is estimated that global aggregates production will increase to some 60 billion tonnes by 2030. Regionally, the strongest growth will be in Asia, particularly in India, with lower but positive growth in Africa and Latin America.
Industry structure
It is quite remarkable that the aggregates industry is still highly fragmented, with the identifiable top 20 players combined producing less than 5% of global production, hence future industry consolidation is likely. The other 95% consists of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), for which accurate data collection is very challenging. Only the top nine players produce more than 50 million tonnes each, the top three leaders being


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Parchment News
Parchment + Quottly: How We are Turning Credentials Into Opportunities, Together
As the world continues to weather the daily challenges caused by COVID-19, we at Parchment, want to take the opportunity to shed a positive light in times that seem more dim than usual.
Businesses, entrepreneurs, workers, students, family members, and friends can relate to the constant daily changes. Now, more than ever, we recognize that positivity is necessary for our daily agendas. Remind the hard-working individuals in your life (and yourself while you're at it) that positivity can bring hope to the surface.
Here are five key messages to spread the idea to focus on what matters most:
There's no better time to step outside and enjoy the fresh air. When things start to get a little hectic in your head, get up, and go for a walk around the block. Embrace your natural surroundings and take a moment to enjoy the vibrancy that Mother Nature has to offer. Even a few minutes can make a big impact on your mental well being.
Being in nature can reduce stress, anxiety, and fear – so find new ways to enjoy the outdoors – read a book on the porch or at the park, run through sprinklers with the kids, and listen to the birds in the trees while sipping your morning coffee.
We're staying home to stay safe but that doesn't mean we can't find new ways to connect and strengthen relationships.
Try meeting up with your friends for a social distance-style picnic, host a virtual dinner party – asking "guests" to order takeout or delivery from a favorite restaurant, while joining you for a meal, or consider taking an online exercise class with friends. Find new ways to stay connected.
More time spent around the house means more opportunities to take care of those humdrum tasks accumulating on your to-do list. Something as simple as decluttering your desk can lead to decluttering your mind.
Clear out the cobwebs physically and figuratively.
During times of stress and chaos, it's necessary to take time to slow down. With many people working from home nowadays, new challenges, and the constant stream of scary news, it can difficult to find a balance between informed and anxious. Heightened stress is bad for your health so remember to breathe.
Take a few deep breaths in and out to calm your nerves and make a conscious effort to relax. Set aside time during the week for simple pleasures, such as exercise, listening to a favorite podcast, taking a hot bath, or enjoying your coffee near the window.
When the going gets tough, remind yourself that tomorrow is a brand new day. Thinking about the positivity of a fresh start may be the saving grace in a dreary week, (month, or even year), so set small goals so you always have something to look forward to.
Using a calendar or to-do list throughout the week can help you keep track of the occasions you're excited about and the tasks you'll feel good about completing. Reflect on what you can do and then take action.
Stay positive during these tough times and look for inspiration around you! As always, we're here for you. Let us know how we can help.


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Ecosystem scales appear to be smaller than those of climate forcing. However, if the climate forcing manifests itself as Rossby waves or as poleward displacements of boundaries then they would be of similar scale. The ecosystems of interest here are the Gulf of Alaska, the eastern Subarctic gyre, and the eastern Bering Sea shelf. In considering the carrying capacity for salmonids in the Subarctic Pacific, the dimension of the Subarctic gyres (i.e., the oceanic pasture) determine an important scale.
Even smaller systems can be defined, e.g., Puget Sound or Prince William Sound. These interact with larger scales and may serve as microcosms for study of processes that typify the larger systems. Process studies may encompass scales from that of the ecosystem to that of plankton patches or even to the ambit of individual plankters.
Time scales of ecosystem response are less clear. Seasonal, interannual, and decadal scales are all evident. Different trophic levels and key species have different response times and scales. Little is known about the time scale of changes in carrying capacity for high level carnivores, which may be on the regime shift scale or longer. High level carnivores like marine mammals and seabirds are long lived species that must be able to withstand annual and decadal variations in food resources over large spatial and temporal scales. During the breeding season birds and fur seals have a limited foraging range since they must return to feed their young waiting onshore. Breeding sites are therefore limited to islands or continental regions with a oceanographic regime that ensures an abundant and predictable supply of food throughout the breeding season. Furthermore, since these animals are long lived and show high degrees of site fidelity, resource availability must be reliable over time scales of many years to decades.
Existing historical data, such as CalCOFI, Ocean Station P, GAK1, FOCI line 8 and PROBES lines, are extremely valuable time series and should be considered by those contemplating new sampling programs.


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Yamato Corp., Colorado Springs, Colo., and Key Technology's Integrated Solutions Group (ISG), Walla Walla, Wash., teamed up to offer complete line solutions from processing through weighing.
Line integrations include sorting, conveying, processing and weighing systems for the global food industry. Yamato will display its new Omega combination weigher in Key's booth #501 at the United Fresh Produce Show, May 3-4, in New Orleans, La.
About Yamato Corp.
Yamato Dataweigh division is the North, Central and South American industry leader for multi-head weighers, checkweighers and casepackers. Yamato is known worldwide as the industry leader offering more than 100 models of combination weighers covering weighing, mixing or counting needs. Yamato's product offerings, from the economical Alpha Series through the high-speed Sigma F1 Series, and on to the revolutionary new Omega Series, address virtually any packaging application.
About Key Technology, Inc.
Key Technology, an ISO-9001-certified company, is a leading designer and manufacturer of process automation systems, integrated electro-optical inspection and sorting systems and processing systems. Key systems help processors to improve quality, increase yield and reduce cost. With worldwide sales representation, the company maintains demonstration and testing facilities at its headquarters and manufacturing divisions in Walla Walla, Wash., and at Key Technology BV in Beusichem, the Netherlands.


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Before you think that this is another article on the Internet where the writer lists down the merits of having religion in our lives, I will insist that you keep reading because this is my queer theory on religion and culture. And while I'm at that, I'll throw in another ingredient of my choice: history.
Three old friends
If religion, culture and history would have been three friends, here's how I'd categorize them.
Religion – the wise friend.
History – the knowledgeable friend.
Culture – the guy who wants to have fun.
So one day, Mr. Wise, Mr. Know-It-All and Mr. Fun decided to go out and stroll. On their merry way, they met a boy. The boy had done mischief with his mother, one that clearly deserved a solid beating. The boy was partly crying and partly adamant on the ways that had annoyed his mother.
Mr. Fun found fun in the situation (duh!) and suggested "YOLO!"
Mr. Know-It-All reminded them of a story (told 45876 times already!) how he as a child had done something similar, and the solid beating he got was something from which Mr. Fun and the boy should take heed from.
Mr. Wise on the other hand, tsk-tsked them both and advised how what the boy had done wrong, how he should take example from Mr. Know-It-All's beating and how Mr. Fun should really have fun without hurting anyone. Mr. Wise also went on and told the boy how he should have dealt with the situation better by making his mother see his point a little civilly.
Everyone looked at Mr. Wise with blank faces.
"No wonder he's no fun", thought Mr. Fun.
"No wonder he's always quoting me", thought Mr. Know-It-All.
And the boy just walked away, thinking, "I wonder what these three mean at all!"
While this story really has nothing directly connected to the premise of my topic, I narrated it anyway because I wanted to grab your attention. Well, not really. It's just a very basic, a very elementary idea of how these three elements work together.
Religion, Culture and, oh wait, History!
Before I give you my own take on religion versus culture, I will talk about history on which I base much of my theory.
Religion, culture and history go hand in hand. It is safe to say that our culture has its ties in history. Furthermore, history has always proved religion to be the correct benchmark of our right versus wrong analysis. In order to look ahead clearly, you need to know what you left behind. We cannot undermine the importance of studying our past just because we don't find sense in it. History has some very important lessons learnt the hard way by people who chose to ignore it.
History plays out in front of us each and every single day in the form of our culture. Being mindful of the footprint our previous generations left behind makes us see ahead clearly. We begin to understand how things work out in the world, the mistakes other people have made, and the things that led to their glory.
Liberation is a State of Mind
A large population of people today have grown a certain level of aversion to religion because it binds them in ways which they think inhibit their growth. They question why they need to do things a certain way in order to qualify as God fearing. Their aversion to religion has more to do with how we present religion to them, rather than what religion really is. When however, religion is there to strike a balance in the things we enjoy and how we enjoy them.
One needs a perspective shift to understand the idea of freedom in religion. For example, I cannot do this, this and this. Oh boy, what an oppression! Or, I cannot do this and this, but I can certainly do that, that and that. Or, I cannot do it this way, fine, but hmmm… I can certainly do it that way. You define your own idea of liberation.
"Aversion to religion has more to do with how we present religion to them, rather than what religion really is."
To decide whether religion is good for you is a decision that will forever be biased unless you make a very nonjudgmental effort to understand it. Just like we give people the benefit of doubt, we need to give ourselves a chance to really know about religion before making an opinion of it.
Why religion is my culture
Since I am a student of the Quran, my personal experience was very intense with it. This Book discussed history of many people, and several religions. In them, I found the roots of my own Deen (Deen is an Arabic word which means, way of life). It talks about culture in the form of shariah law. Sharia'a is an Arabic word which means, to stand tall. It hints at the clarity of thoughts of someone who actively practices it. Practice never comes without knowing.
Sharia'a means 'to stand tall'.
That being said, this clarity wasn't attained overnight, nor was it an opinion I made out in plain emotion. It has taken me years, yes years, to be finally be able to say confidently that the only culture I follow today, is my religion. If I can make a hierarchy chart for you, religion would be the governing body of culture.
My religion does not stop me from enjoying the culture which celebrates my nationality or ethnicity. I can do that. I just have to remember that my origin and my race doesn't make me superior. A shift of perspective.
I am allowed to celebrate happiness and sadness. Just that I have to make sure I'm inline with what it tells me. Happiness and joy can be overwhelming emotions. My religion requires me to find a balance so I myself do not lose balance.
Religion became my culture because it gave me a new lens to see the world. A more balanced way. It has groomed me into a better version of myself. A version which I have been able to get when I got to know the three friends: religion, culture and history.


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I'm sure I must have something very confused but I'm just reading through SE questions and articles and this seems to be a contradiction. Until recently I had no problem as I assumed that acceleration did in fact cause time dilation, then I read numerous answers from people stating clearly that when calculating time dilation, only the distance travelled matters, not the path taken. For instance it is claimed that for a body experiencing centripetal acceleration, only the tangential velocity is relevant to the time dilation effect, not the radial acceleration.
I have 2 issues with this:
- The Equivalence Principle states that being in an accelerating reference frame is indistinguishable from standing still in a gravitational field. We know that gravity causes time dilation, so why not acceleration?
- The Twin Paradox is supposed to be resolved by the acceleration effect. Otherwise the time dilation is completely reciprocal and no difference will be seen between the clocks. Therefore acceleration must be causing time dilation?
How can these statements be reconciled? One page tells me acceleration is irrelevant, the next tells me it's equivalent to gravity. Both cannot be true.


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How Varicose Veins Form
Varicose veins are enlarged, bulging veins. They are mostly found in the leg's Great Saphenous Vein system. Affected veins cause a visible bulging on the outside of the leg. The term itself comes from the Latin word "varix", meaning "twisted". Many people who suffer from this condition experience unpleasant physical symptoms such as:
- Aching
- Heavy sensation
- Itching
- Swelling
- Throbbing
In addition to these symptoms, restless leg syndrome seems to be a common comorbidity. For those who might wonder what is restless leg syndrome is, also known as Willis-Ekbom Disease, it is a condition that can cause sleep problems, daytime sleepiness, and fatigue, which in turn may lead to other health issues.
How does a blood vessel become varicose? Normally, veins function as a one-way valve. However, if the valve becomes too weak, the blood within may flow backward. When this happens, blood gets backed up, causing the vein to swell. Varicosity occurs mostly in the legs rather than in other body parts because the blood vessels in the legs have to work especially hard to make blood flow upward, against the pull of gravity, back to the heart.
Varicose blood vessels are a very common problem. They are observed mostly in people over the age of 50. Women experience them more often than men. However, a sizable percentage of people suffer from this condition. Some research estimates that about 25% of women and 15% of men will experience varicose blood vessels within their lifetime.
There are certain factors that make some people more prone to varicosity than others. The condition seems to have a strong genetic component, so people with a family history of this disorder are more likely to develop it themselves. Some medical research efforts may include genotyping techniques that can pinpoint genetic variations which could make people with such gene sequences more prone to the disease. Being able to recognize this may help prevent potential problems. Being overweight or obese, working a job that requires prolonged standing, smoking, and suffering from chronic constipation also seem to increase a person's risk.
This condition can greatly affect a patient's quality of life. The physical discomfort can affect your ability to walk or stand for prolonged periods, which in turn can affect your ability to work and enjoy recreation. Fortunately, there are many different ways to treat and alleviate vein varicosity. However, one of the most recent, and effective, developments in the field of varicose treatment is the injectable foam Varithena.
The Advantages of Varithena
Varithena is a polidocanol injectable foam treatment for varicose veins. It works by changing your veins to direct blood flow to other, healthier veins. The solution is simply injected into affected blood vessels, where the active ingredient does its work.
Getting Varithena is much less invasive than many other treatments for this condition.
The procedure is nonsurgical, does not require any anesthesia, and often takes less than an hour. Another advantage is that it is highly effective for reducing both the appearance and physical discomfort of veins affected by varicosity, drastically reducing and often eliminating the problem. Clinical trials have shown that 80% of people who receive Varithena only need one treatment session; which I find impressive. Additionally, this treatment is perfectly safe for older adults.
If you suffer from varicose veins, you should consider asking your doctor about Varithena. If you're considering this treatment, be sure to tell your doctor if you:
- Are allergic to polidocanol
- Are pregnant or have been pregnant recently
- Have a history of blood clots
- Have acute thromboembolic disease
- Have arterial disease
- Have had major surgery in the past 3 months
- Have recently had a long hospital stay
- Have reduced mobility
If any of the above things are true, Varithena may not be suitable for you. Additionally, although Varithena treats most forms of varicosity, it does not treat all forms. I stress that a proper consultation with your doctor is necessary in order to be sure.
I must also inform you of potential side effects of Varithena. You could experience pain, discomfort, or bruising in the leg, especially at the injection site. After receiving this foam treatment, your doctor will instruct you to abstain from heavy exercise for one week afterward.
Natural Remedies
Many patients increasingly prefer to test out natural, non-pharmaceutical methods of treating their conditions before turning to conventional medicine. This preference for natural treatment may be for many different reasons, ranging from spiritual beliefs to a desire to avoid the side effects of pharmaceuticals.
Indeed, there are many ways to relieve the symptoms of blood vessel varicosity without even needing to visit your doctor. Elevating your legs whenever you are at rest will provide temporary symptomatic relief. It may also be helpful to avoid crossing your legs and to eschew high-heeled shoes. Though not supported by concrete scientific evidence, regular exercise is said to help prevent and relieve this condition.
Special clothing can also relieve symptoms. Depending on the severity of your condition, you could see an improvement by wearing support pantyhose, compression stockings, or prescription-strength compression hose on a regular basis. These garments work by creating strategic pressure up the leg, preventing blood from pooling.
Proponents of naturopathic and herbal medicine point to several botanical extracts for relieving varicose symptoms. Supplements indicated for varicosity include:
- Bilberry
- Butcher's broom
- Grape seed extract
- Horse chestnut extract
- Pine bark extract
These supplements generally have little scientific evidence for the use of relieving varicosity. Horse chestnut is among the best studied of these herbs, and research shows it is more effective than placebo. Since these traditional plants are not proven effective, one should not rely on them alone to treat varicose blood vessels. Instead, they can play an adjunctive role in a holistic treatment plan.
Depending on the severity of your varicosity, these practical and herbal treatments may not be enough to relieve symptoms completely, and are unlikely to totally reverse the condition. If the condition does not improve within a few months of using natural methods, then it is appropriate to resort to the Varithena foam treatment for varicose veins.