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Centromeres are special structures of eukaryotic chromosomes that hold sister chromatid together and ensure proper chromosome segregation during cell division. Centromeres consist of repeated sequences, which have hindered the study of centromere mitotic recombination and its consequences for centromeric function. We use a chromosome orientation fluorescence in situ hybridization technique to visualize and quantify recombination events at mouse centromeres. We show that centromere mitotic recombination occurs in normal cells to a higher frequency than telomere recombination and to a much higher frequency than chromosome-arm recombination. Furthermore, we show that centromere mitotic recombination is increased in cells lacking the Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b DNA methyltransferases, suggesting that the epigenetic state of centromeric heterochromatin controls recombination events at these regions. Increased centromere recombination in Dnmt3a,3b-deficient cells is accompanied by changes in the length of centromere repeats, suggesting that prevention of illicit centromere recombination is important to maintain centromere integrity in the mouse.
Centromeres are essential for the correct segregation and inheritance of genetic information by ensuring that each daughter cell receives a copy of each chromosome during cell division (Pidoux and Allshire, 2000). Mammalian centromeres are composed of long arrays of tandemly repeated DNA sequences (Sunkel and Coelho, 1995). The mouse genome contains at least two types of repetitive elements at centromeres, the major satellite repeats (6 Mb of 234-bp repeats) and the minor satellite repeats (∼600 kb of 120-bp repeats, varying from 500 kb to 1.2 Mb depending on the chromosome; Kipling et al., 1991, 1994; Guenatri et al., 2004, Kuznetsova et al., 2005). The major satellite repeats are located pericentrically, whereas the minor satellite repeats coincide with the centric constriction (Wong and Rattner, 1988). The centromere protein B (CENP-B) is found at minor satellite DNA and alphoid DNA in mouse and human cells, respectively (Horz and Altenburger, 1981; Earnshaw et al., 1989; Kipling and Warburton, 1997).
In addition, centromeres contain epigenetic marks characteristic of compacted heterochromatin domains, including histone lysine trimethylation and DNA hypermethylation (Lehnertz et al., 2003; Maison and Almouzni, 2004). Maintenance of centromeric heterochromatin has been proposed to be important for centromere function. In particular, loss of DNA methylation at pericentromeric regions caused by abrogation of the DNA methyltransferase enzymes Dnmt1 or Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b (Okano et al., 1998, 1999; Chen et al., 2004) results in defective centromere function (Chen et al., 2004; Dodge et al., 2005), although the mechanisms responsible for this are still largely unknown.
Similar to centromeres, telomeres (or the terminal ends of chromosomes) are also repeated elements, which in all vertebrates consist of tandem repeats of the TTAGGG sequence and associated proteins (Blackburn, 2001). Telomeres have an essential role in chromosome end protection and chromosomal stability. A proper length of telomeric repeats is maintained by the enzyme telomerase (Blackburn, 2001), as well as by the recombination-based alternative lengthening of telomeres or ALT mechanism (Muntoni and Reddel, 2005). Similarly to centric and pericentric chromatin, telomeres, as well as the adjacent subtelomeric regions, are enriched in epigenetic marks characteristic of constitutive heterochromatin, including histone trimethylation marks and subtelomeric DNA hypermethylation (Brock et al., 1999; Gonzalo et al., 2006; Blasco, 2007). Furthermore, these marks act as independent negative regulators of telomere length and recombination (Gonzalo et al., 2006; Blasco, 2007; Benetti et al., 2007). In particular, in the absence of Dnmts, telomeres become dramatically elongated concomitant with increased telomere recombination and in the absence of loss of histone trimethylation marks (Gonzalo et al., 2006).
Although mitotic centromere recombination has been previously described in yeast (Liebman et al., 1988), very little is known on the regulation of mammalian centromeric mitotic recombination and how this may impact on centromeric function (Warburton and Willard, 1992; Warburton et al., 1993). In this paper, we have established a technique based on chromosome orientation FISH (CO-FISH; Bailey et al., 1996), which allows measuring recombination frequencies specifically at centromeric repeats (cen-CO-FISH). Using this technique, we found that centromeric repeats are highly recombinogenic compared with the rest of the genome. In addition, we describe a role for DNA methylation in preventing centromeric mitotic recombination, as well as in controlling the length of centromeric repeats. Together, these results highlight a role for the epigenetic status of centromeric heterochromatin, and in particular of DNA methylation, in regulating centromere recombination and centromere length in mouse chromosome, which, if disrupted, may conceivably contribute to genomic instability.
Results And Discussion
A FISH-based technique to measure centromere recombination
To study recombination events specifically at the centromeric regions, we have adapted the previously described two-color CO-FISH to centromeric repeats (cen-CO-FISH; Fig. 1; Materials and methods). In particular, cells that have undergone a single round of DNA replication in the presence of BrdU are used to prepare chromosome spreads. After HOECHST staining, the bromo-substituted strand is removed by nicking DNA with UV light, followed by digestion with exonuclease III (Bailey et al., 1996). Metaphases are then hybridized with strand-specific peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes against centromeric repeats. In particular, mouse minor satellite is composed of DNA repeats of a 120-bp sequence, which contains the binding site for the CENP-B protein, the so-called CENP-B box (bp 62–78; Fig. 1 a; Wong and Rattner, 1988). To perform cen-CO-FISH, single-stranded PNA probes were designed to hybridize with the lagging and leading strands of the mouse CENP-B box sequence (Fig. 1, a and b; Materials and methods; Chen et al., 1999). In the absence of recombination events at minor satellite repeats, only one chromatid per chromosome will show a signal after hybridization with either the lagging or the leading probes (Fig. 1, b and c). In contrast, if recombination occurs within minor satellite sequences, labeling will split between the sister chromatids, giving rise to two signals of unequal intensity (Fig. 1, b and c). We refer to these events as centromere sister chromatid exchange (C-SCE) events. A C-SCE event is considered positive only when the exchange is simultaneously detected with the leading and lagging centromeric probes (Fig. 1 c). As controls for the C-SCE CO-FISH technique, we determined that the frequency of C-SCE events is similar for different slides of the same genotype processed in parallel, suggesting a similar efficiency of ExoIII digestions (Fig. S1 a, available). Furthermore, the fact that a significant percentage of metaphases (>10%) did not show any C-SCE event indicates that C-SCE events are true recombination events and not consequences of the possible existence of inverted repeats at some chromosome centromeric regions (Fig. S1 b).
Mammalian centromeres are highly recombinogenic
To determine the frequency of mitotic recombination at mammalian centromeres, we first measured C-SCE events per chromosome in wild-type mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells (Fig. 2, a and b) and compared these values to the frequency of SCE events at telomeres (T-SCE), which were previously determined by us using CO-FISH in the same cells (Fig. 2 c; Gonzalo et al., 2006), as well as to the frequency of global SCE events determined by a fluorescence-plus-giemsa protocol (Fig. 2, d and e; Materials and methods). Next, we normalized C-SCE, T-SCE, and SCE values by the approximate length of their respective DNA in kilobases (Tables I–III,23; Materials and methods) and represented C-SCE and T-SCE frequencies relative to SCE frequencies (Fig. 3 a; Materials and methods). Notably, the frequency of C-SCE events was sixfold higher than that of T-SCE events in wild-type ES cells (Fig. 3 a). The differences in mitotic recombination at these two highly repeated regions may be the result of their different DNA sequence and/or their distinct chromatin organization. In this regard, telomeres are bound by the so-called shelterin complex, which safeguards telomeres from DNA repair activities (de Lange, 2005). In contrast, centromeres are not bound by shelterin and have been described to have a more efficient DNA repair than the rest of the genome (Rief and Löbrich, 2002). Interestingly, when calculating the C-SCE/SCE and T-SCE/SCE ratios, centromeres and telomeres appeared to be dramatically more recombinogenic (∼175-fold and 27-fold, respectively) than the rest of the genome (Fig. 3 a). Although we cannot rule out that the different nature of the CO-FISH (T-SCE and C-SCE) and fluorescence-plus-giemsa (SCE) techniques could be underestimating the frequency of global SCE events, our results are in agreement with a recent study showing a 20-fold increase in T-SCE events compared with global SCE events (Bailey et al., 2004). These findings suggest that repeated regions are hot spots of recombination compared with the rest of the genome and that mechanisms must exist that prevent illicit DNA recombination at these regions to preserve their integrity.
DNA methylation is a negative regulator of centromeric recombination
We recently described that abrogation of Dnmt1, or simultaneous deletion of Dnmt3a and 3b, results in increased recombination at mouse telomeres (Gonzalo et al., 2006), suggesting a role for DNA methylation in preventing illicit recombination at highly repetitive sequences in the genome. Mouse ES cells deficient for Dnmt1 or both Dnmt3a and 3b show decreased DNA methylation at both major and minor centromeric repeats in the absence of changes in histone heterochromatic marks (Chen et al., 1999, 2004; Kuznetsova et al., 2005; Gonzalo et al., 2006). In this paper, we set to determine whether decreased DNA methylation in Dnmt-deficient cells results in increased recombination rates at mouse minor satellite repeats as determined by cen-CO-FISH (Materials and methods). Interestingly, Dnmt3a,3b-deficient ES cells presented significantly increased frequencies of C-SCE per chromosome compared with wild-type controls (Fig. 2, a and b, χ2 test, P < 0.0001; and Fig. 3 b, C-SCE frequencies corrected by global SCE frequencies), whereas cells deficient for Dnmt1 showed a similar C-SCE frequency to wild-type controls (Fig. 2 a, χ2 test, P = 0.2288, not significant; and Fig. 3 b, C-SCE/SCE ratios). These results demonstrate that abrogation of the Dnmt3a,3b enzymes, which are responsible for de novo DNA methylation, leads to increased recombination at centromeric repeats in mammalian cells. As previously described (Gonzalo et al., 2006), telomere recombination (T-SCE) was also increased in Dnmt-deficient cells (Fig. 2 c, χ2 test, P < 0.0001 for all comparisons; and Fig. 3 b, T-SCE/SCE ratios). However, although Dnmt1 deficiency significantly increased recombination at telomeric repeats, this was not the case at minor satellite repeats, indicating slightly different requirements for Dnmt1 activity at these two repeated regions.
Next, we addressed whether increased recombination at pericentric and telomeric repeats in Dnmt3a,3b-deficient cells was specific to these repeated regions or, instead, was accompanied by a global increase in SCEs throughout the genome. To this end, we analyzed the frequency of global SCE in ES cells deficient for either Dnmt1 or Dnmt3a,3b compared with wild-type controls. Interestingly, no significant differences in global SCE frequencies were found between genotypes (Fig. 2, d and e). Finally, we did not detect significant differences in C-CSE frequencies when comparing pluripotent mouse ES cells to differentiated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs; Fig. 2, f and g), suggesting that centromere recombination is not significantly decreased when associated with differentiation. Collectively, these results support the notion that DNA methylation has an important role in preventing mitotic recombination specifically at highly repetitive regions but does not have a major impact on global genomic recombination.
DNA methylation of centromeric repeats influences centromere length
Increased recombination frequencies at telomeric sequences are associated with activation of telomerase-independent alternative pathways for telomere maintenance or alternative lengthening of telomeres (Bailey et al., 2004; Bechter et al., 2004). In particular, in the absence of either Dnmt1 or Dnmt3a,3b activity, there is a dramatic telomere elongation concomitant with increased telomere recombination frequencies in these cells (Gonzalo et al., 2006). To evaluate whether increased recombination at Dnmt3a,3b-deficient centromeres was also associated with changes in the length of centromeric repeats, we performed centromere quantitative FISH (Q-FISH) on metaphase spreads from wild-type and Dnmt-deficient ES cells using a minor satellite-specific PNA probe (Materials and methods). Interestingly, mouse ES cells deficient for either Dnmt1 or Dnmt3a,3b, showed decreased minor satellite fluorescence compared with wild-type controls. These differences were highly significant for both Dnmt1- and Dnmt3a,3b-deficient cells (Fig. 4, P < 0.001 for every comparison). Furthermore, the decrease in minor satellite fluorescence was accompanied by higher frequencies of centromeres showing very low minor satellite fluorescence (<500 arbitrary units of fluorescence; Fig. 4), which is in agreement with shorter centromeres in Dnmt3a,3b-deficient cells. The fluctuations of centromere fluorescence with increasing passages of Dnmt3a,3b-deficient may be an additional indication of centromeric instability associated with DNA hypomethylation and increased recombination (Fig. 4). Interestingly, abnormal size of centromeric fragments as detected by Southern blotting after digestion with MspI was previously reported by us with increasing passages of Dnmt3a,3b-deficient cells (see Fig. S2 a in Gonzalo et al., 2006). Collectively, these results suggest that repression of centromeric recombination by DNA methylation is an important mechanism for maintaining centromere integrity. In particular, increased mitotic recombination at centromeric sequences as the result of loss of DNA methylation may lead to altered length of centromere repeats, which in turn may affect the binding of important centromeric proteins, such as CENP-B, resulting in genomic instability. In this regard, although CENP-B is not essential for mouse development (Hudson et al., 1998; Perez-Castro et al., 1998), it has been recently described to be necessary for de novo centromere formation by recruiting other CENPs as well as epigenetic factors (Okada et al., 2007).
In this paper, we describe a FISH-based technique that allows the measurement of SCE events specifically at mammalian centromeric repeats. Our results suggest that centromeres are highly recombinogenic compared with chromosome arms as well as with telomeric repeats. In addition, we demonstrate that loss of DNA methylation leads to increased centromere recombination, suggesting that the epigenetic status of centromeric heterochromatin is important to maintain centromere integrity. Importantly, defective DNA methylation did not affect global recombination frequencies, suggesting a specific role of this epigenetic mark repressing illicit recombination at repeated elements but not elsewhere in the genome. We further show that loss of DNA methylation leads to abnormal centromere length, which conceivably could alter the binding of centromeric proteins leading to abnormal centromeric function (Okada et al., 2007). Interestingly, the CENP-B box contains CpG residues, which are potential targets of the Dnmt enzymes and whose methylation status has been previously reported to affect the binding of the CENP-B protein (Mitchell et al., 1996; Tanaka et al., 2005). Furthermore, a recent study shows that PTEN-dependent expression of the centromeric protein CENP-C can lead to centromere breaks and genomic instability (Shen et al., 2007). Collectively, these findings support a model where the loss of DNA methylation at centromeric repeats may favor illicit DNA recombination, which in turn could favor genomic instability.
Materials And Methods
Cell culture
Wild-type J1 and Dnmt1−/− mutant ES cells or Dnmt3a,3b−/− double mutant ES cells were generated and maintained as described previously (Gonzalo et al., 2006). Wild-type ES cells, MEF 1 (129 sv/C57BL6 background), and MEF 2 (C57BL6 background) were used.
Mouse minor satellite Q-FISH
A PNA probe was designed to hybridize with an 18-bp sequence from the following mouse minor satellite consensus sequence: Cy3-OO-TTC CAA CGA ATG TGT TTT (bp 55–72). Metaphases were prepared and hybridized with the Cy3-labeled minor satellite PNA probe, together with DAPI counterstaining of DNA, as previously described (Samper et al., 2000). Samples were mounted on Vectashield (Vector Laboratories) imaging medium and stored at 4°C in the dark for 1 d until image acquisition using a charge-coupled device camera (COHU4912; COHU, Inc.) with a resolution of 700 × 500 pixels on a fluorescence microscope (Leitz DMRB; Leica). A 100 W/2 lamp (HBO; Osram) was used as a source. The images were acquired at room temperature using the Q-FISH software (Leica) and an HCX PL APO 100× 1.4 NA old immersion objective (Leica) with the following filters: Cy3, Y3 (excitation, band pass 570/20 nm; dicroic, 565 nm; emission, band pass 610/75 nm; Leica); DAPI, A (excitation, band pass 340–380 nm; dicroic, 400 nm; emission, long pass 425 nm; Leica). We used the TFL-Telo software (gift from P. Lansdorp, Terry Fox Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada) to quantify the fluorescence intensity of minor satellite from at least 10 metaphases for each data point. All metaphases were captured the day after hybridization at room temperature, in parallel, blindly, and with the same image acquisition conditions.
Centromere and telomere CO-FISH
Confluent MEF and ES cells were subcultured in the presence of BrdU (Sigma-Aldrich) at a final concentration of 10−5 M and were then allowed to replicate their DNA once at 37°C for 24 and 12 h, respectively. Colcemid was added in a concentration of 0.2 μg/ml for MEFs and 1 μg/ml for ES cells for the last 4 and 1 h, respectively. CO-FISH was performed as previously described (Bailey et al., 1996) with some modifications. In brief, slides were hybridized with a minor satellite PNA probe labeled with Cy3 (Cy3-oo-TTC CAA CGA ATG TGT TTT), which hybridizes with the lagging DNA strand, followed by a second hybridization with a minor satellite PNA probe labeled with FITC (Flu-oo-AAA ACA CAT TCG TTG GAA), which hybridizes with the leading DNA strand. Data on telomere CO-FISH in the same cells were obtained from a previous study (Gonzalo et al., 2006). Metaphases were captured on a fluorescence microscope (Leitz DMRB) using the conditions as described in Mouse minor satellite Q-FISH, with an additional filter for FITC detection, L5 (excitation, BP 480/40 nm; dicroic, 505 nm; emission, BP 527/30 nm; Leica).
Differential staining technique for SCE determinations
Genomic SCEs were visualized using an adapted fluorescence-plus-giemsa protocol (Perry and Wolf, 1974). Metaphases were prepared as described for the Q-FISH (Samper et al., 2000) and captured using a bright field microscope (AX70; Olympus), using a 60× immersion objective. Images were captured using a color camera (DP70; Olympus) and ImagePro Plus high-end image acquisition and analysis software (Media Cybernetics, Inc.). All the captures were performed at room temperature. Metaphases were analyzed for harlequin staining. Each color switch was scored as one SCE.
Calculation of recombination frequency per kilobase of DNA
To determine the recombination frequencies per kilobase, the mean length of mouse ES cell telomeres was considered to be 51.7 kb per telomere (as determined by us using Q-FISH), hence the total length of telomeres per chromosome was 4 × 51.7 = 206.8 kb (Table II). The length of minor satellite repeats was considered to be ∼600 kb (Guenatri et al., 2004), hence the total length of minor satellite repeats per chromosome was 2 × 600 = 1,200 kb (Table I). The length of the mouse genome is 3 × 106 kb, therefore we estimated that the mean length of a mouse chromosome is 150,000 kb (Table III). For direct comparison of recombination events at centromeres and telomeres, T-SCE and C-SCE per kilobase were expressed relative to global SCE events per kilobase (Fig. 3).
Statistical analysis
A non-parametric ANOVA test, the Kruskall-wallis test, and the Dunn's post test were used to calculate the statistical significance for each individual comparison of minor satellite fluorescence (Fig. 4, centromere Q-FISH). To calculate statistical significance of changes in SCE, T-SCE, and C-SCE frequency, we used the χ2 test. The two-sided p-values were obtained from 2 × 2 contingency table analyzed by χ2 test (including Yates' continuity correction). InStat v.2.03 (GraphPad Software, Inc.) was used for the calculations. In all cases, differences are significant for P < 0.05, very significant for P < 0.01, highly significant for P < 0.001, and extremely significant for P < 0.0001.
Online supplemental material
Fig. S1 shows controls for the centromeric CO-FISH technique.
© 2008 Jaco et al. This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.jcb.org/misc/terms.shtml). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).
Abbreviations used in this paper: CENP-B, centromere protein B; CO-FISH, chromosome orientation FISH; C-SCE, centromere sister chromatid exchange; ES, embryonic stem; MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast; PNA, peptide nucleic acid; Q-FISH, quantitative FISH.
M.A. Blasco's laboratory is funded by the MCyT (SAF2005-00277 and GEN2001-4856-C13-08), the Regional Government of Madrid (GR/SAL/0597/2004), the European Union (TELOSENS FIGH-CT-2002-00217, INTACT LSHC-CT-2003-506803, ZINCAGE FOOD-CT-2003-506850, RISC-RAD FI6R-CT-2003-508842, and MOL CANCER MED LSHC-CT-2004-502943), the Josef Steiner Cancer Research Award (2003), and The Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC).


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If you're anything like me, you try to SHOP LOCAL and EAT LOCAL whenever possible. Well, you can kill two birds with one stone by visiting the fabulous WESTFIELD FARMERS MARKET, open every Saturday from 8:30 am to 1:30 pm from now until October 29th! You'll find everything from Jersey Fresh produce, baked goods, dog treats, fair trade coffee, cooking spices, and take-home Italian meals–what's not to love??
The Westfield Farmers Market sets up on the south side of the Westfield train station, where there is still plenty of free parking spots available on Sundays. Here's a list of the terrific vendors:
Chickadee Creek Farm – certified organic vegetable, flower and herb farm
Donaldson Farms – fresh produce
Skeba Family Farm – fresh produce
A & M Naturals – natural soaps, body butters, lip balm, and candles
High Mountain Foods – frozen pastas such as ravioli; focaccia; pickles; fresh mozzarella
Lithuanian Bakery – breads, pies, and donuts
Little Bear's Biscuit Barkery – gourmet organic dog treats
Mo'Pweeze Bakery – delectable and divine allergy-free cupcakes and baked goods
Neil's Sharpening Services – bring your kitchen knives, scissors, and tools (3rd Saturday of each month only)
Nicola's Pasta Fresca – artisinal homemade pasta
Paolo's Kitchen – frozen prepared Italian-style entrees
Patricia and Paul – artisans of fine oils and balsamics
Reign Coffee – specializes in Organic Fair Trade coffee from Central America
Top of the Mountain Honey Bee Farms – 100% pure and natural local honey
Wildtree Organic Spice Blends with Fran – rubs, seasonings, dressing, and marinades
I caught up with Fran Prybylski, who runs the "Wildree with Fran" booth. After sampling her yummy offerings, I could see why people rave aboutWildtree products, even non-cooks like myself! Fran sells Wildtree certified organic spice blends, marinades, sauces, and salad dressings, as well as an array of flavored grapeseed oils (all products are peanut-free!). They're designed to make cooking easier, as they are all matched up with simple recipes.
According to Fran: "The Wildtree products help families prepare and serve healthy meals on the table quickly. Since they're made with certified organic ingredients, the flavors are bright and delicious. Even in my own home, Wildtree always provides an answer to the mealtime dilemma of 'What's for dinner?'" A Westfield resident, Fran is no stranger when it comes to cooking, and said, "I love to mentor and inspire people to cook delicious food in their kitchens or outdoor grills." Fran frequently hosts cooking workshops where participants make 10 hearty take-home freezer meals using Wildtree seasonings and oils.
At her Farmers Market Booth, Fran's customers love sampling the different marinades, salad dressings, and sauces. "My top-selling products consistently are: Asian Ginger Plum Dressing & Marinade, Wicked Good Slow Cooker Sauce, Rancher Steak Rub, and the Scampi Blend seasoning. However, the Outrageous Orange Sauce, Spicy Thai Chili Sauce, and Happenin Hot Pepper Jelly have become super popular this season at the Market." Ummm, I'm pretty sure I'd eat my own hand if it were cooked in that Wicked Good sauce!
I asked Fran about the vibe among the vendors at the Farmers Market. "There is such a nice camaraderie here. I make an effort to greet all the vendors at some point throughout the day. My first friends at the Farmers Market were the members of the Greater Area of Westfield Chamber of Commerce. The Market's Director, Chris Devine, has been supportive and so much fun to work with. I always appreciate Tim York, Mary, and Gene's weekly visit to check in on me. My favorite neighbors are the A&M Naturals ladies that sell handmade soaps. Sam from Chickadee Creek Farms is an inspiration to watch as she soley sets up and breaks down her gorgeous organic produce stand. I've enjoyed watching Mo'Pweeze bakery's success as a true allergen-free bakery in NJ. And Nicola's fresh pasta creations are so delicious and my weekly lunch."
See! Even the vendors themselves shop at and enjoy the Market! So if you're in town this Saturday, make a point of heading to the Westfield Farmer's Market, where you'll not only find great food but meet some great people too.
You can reach Wildtree with Fran at (917) 226-1958 or visit her Facebook page: Meal Plan with Fran.

subset: commoncrawl


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Gyorgy Ligeti Lux Aeterna
Gyorgy Ligeti Lux Aeterna - Live Performance - 16 members of Temple University Concert Choir Robert L. Edwards- 1974
(If the performance excerpt does not begin to play automatically within 30 seconds, you can click this link. Ligeti Lux Aeterna )
Gyorgy Ligetis Lux Aeterna (1966) is a study in vocal clusters and choral color - an expansion of the techniques he first used in a much earlier work Apparitions. Lux Aeterna text is divided into four sections which correspond to the four thoughts comprising the traditional Latin Requiem text: 1) Light Eternal shine on them, Lord; 2) Together with your Saints in Eternity; 3) Grant them rest eternal, for you are holy, Lord; 4) Let light perpetual shine on them. It is scored for 16 part vocal ensemble (SSSSAAAATTTTBBBB) and is performed here with one singer per vocal line.
In order to provide permanent documentation of the important sociological and musical contributions of the Greater Hazleton Oratorio Society, Singers Guild of Scranton and Sinfonia da Camera to the lives of residents in Northeastern Pennsylvania, some of the 1977-1986 live performance analog recordings of these community groups were rescued, restored, and converted to a digital format. Those restorations and the performance excerpts that appear on this website are intended as historical documents not as an entertainment product. The copying or dissemination of these excerpts is strictly prohibited.Contents and WebDesign © Copyright 2009 by NYConsultants. All Rights Reserved.


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An Ilkeston schoolgirl has been shortlisted in a competition to draw a logo for the Robin Hood Mini-Marathon T-shirt..
Katie Tompkins, 11, of St Thomas Junior School is one of four finalists. Her entry is pictured below.
You can vote for her on this link:
Winner will be announced on 25th June.
(Visited 8 times, 1 visits today)


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Lucky Red mobile casino: playing on the go
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Racked is no longer publishing. Thank you to everyone who read our work over the years. The archives will remain available here; for new stories, head over to Vox.com, where our staff is covering consumer culture for The Goods by Vox. You can also see what we're up to by signing up here.
In May of this year, Racked reported that a growing number of LuLaRoe retailers were leaving the brand. In response to their complaints, the company issued a return policy that guaranteed 100 percent wholesale refund and covered shipping costs for unhappy retailers who wished to go out of business. According to that policy, LuLaRoe would issue return labels to any retailer who resigned officially and refund the entire wholesale cost of the items, provided they were returned in excellent condition. At that time, many retailers expressed distrust of a refund, and some only received partial refunds for the merchandise they had returned. This led many retailers to instead hold going-out-of-business, or GOOB, sales, which LuLaRoe said violated their retailer agreement.
On September 28th, however, LuLaRoe issued a clarification to their policy which claims the initial offer was a temporary waiver, and that from this point forward, any retailers choosing to close their LuLaRoe businesses would have to pay for shipping and would only receive 90 percent of the wholesale value of those accepted returned items. According to the email communication, the policy announced previously was merely temporary and was ended because retailers were taking advantage of the company. "This waiver, in place from April to September to address this specific issue, was never intended to be permanent," the email read. "We decided to end the waiver when it became evident that a good number of Retailers were abusing the program by returning product in extremely poor condition and providing inaccurate claims, as well as the Retailers using it as temporary solution to struggles in their business."
This conflicts, however, with the initial announcement of the 100 percent buy-back policy, which stated: "This policy does not have an expiration date, nor does it have a required timeframe in which the product should have been purchased in. The only qualification for this policy is that products returned are required to be LuLaRoe products and must have been purchased through LuLaRoe."
Alice Monroe* has been a LuLaRoe retailer since July of 2016. Due to dwindling sales and some unexpected health issues, she decided to take advantage of the 100 percent buy-back policy and go out of business. It was important to Monroe that she go out of business the right way instead of holding a GOOB sale. "Sales had drastically plummeted and I was at a point that I was no longer able to order new inventory without going deeper into debt," she says. Monroe emailed her resignation letter as instructed and completed what is known as the "form stack," an online submission of inventory to return, item by item. She packed each piece of her remaining inventory in ziplock bags, folded perfectly with tags visible just as her instructions dictated, which she says took hours. She received communication from home office that she would receive return labels shortly and be allowed to return her remaining inventory for 100 percent buy back.
What actually happened, however, is that Monroe received an email stating only that her case was closed. "I called home office and sat on hold for three hours, only to be hung up on by the system," she says. "I called back the next day and waited 2.5 hours on hold before finally being told that I should sit tight for my shipping labels." Nine days later, she received the email from home office that the "temporary waiver" had ended.
In order to ship all of her remaining inventory, Monroe would have to pay around $600, so she decided to hold a GOOB sale. Through that sale, she has sold nearly 90 percent of her remaining inventory.
Another retailer, Mary Franklin,* has been in the LuLaRoe business for fewer than six months, but says she quickly regretted signing up. She felt immense pressure from her upline to buy more product, but realized that selling online would not yield a successful business. When Franklin decided to go out of business, she notified her sponsor, who told her, "Not all women are meant to be successful."
Franklin was repeatedly assured that she could return her remaining inventory under the 100 percent policy; she had decided to end her business when that policy was announced. She completed all of the form stacks, requested a guarantee on LuLaRoe letterhead, and informed the company that she would return the merchandise after giving birth. "They dragged their feet and changed the policy," she says. "Now I'm stuck." Franklin plans on opening all of her carefully packaged boxes and running a GOOB sale, but the very thought gives her anxiety. "I haven't gotten ANY email responses from them. They don't return my phone calls. They are evil."
When asked for comment, LuLaRoe reiterated the emails that retailers received, stating:
LuLaRoe has a longstanding policy of reimbursing a departing Independent Fashion Retailer 90 percent of the net cost of the original purchase price of merchandise, but various conditions apply. Some of these conditions include: the product must be purchased by the Retailer from LuLaRoe, it must be in resaleable condition, and it must be product purchased within the past year. Shipping and handling is paid by the Retailer. The policy has not changed since it was implemented in June 2015. From April-September 2017, we provided a temporary waiver to our policy. The waiver allowed departing Retailers to recoup 100 percent of the wholesale cost of remaining inventory, and to have shipping and handling paid for by LuLaRoe, to make their transition even easier, but that period ended. To be fair to Independent Fashion Retailers who were in process of exiting the business when the waiver ended, LuLaRoe grandfathered those who either received an email confirmation from LuLaRoe of a refund amount due to them, or received valid return shipping labels from LuLaRoe, to receive the terms under the temporary waiver. We continue to believe we provide a fair and generous path to Independent Fashion Retailers who want to discontinue their own LuLaRoe business.
But many retailers going out of business no longer trust the company's word. Recently, two of the top-selling mentors in the company have jumped ship, leaving retailers wondering if bankruptcy is imminent. Jenny Spiewak, currently in the GOOB process, worries about the financial state of the company. "They are showing signs of financial difficulty, which made me scared for my own future with them," she says. "If they file [for] bankruptcy, money on LuLaCards [the method of payment from LuLaRoe to retailers] will be seized." Spiewak planned to wait until the end of the year, but the rumors of financial trouble prompted her to move up her separation date and start a GOOB sale. "I started at 1,400 pieces and I'm now just over 1,000 in 24 hours," she says. Once she surveys her remaining inventory, provided none are damaged, she will send in her resignation letter. "I will never have any further correspondence with them," she says.
*Names changed at the request of sources.


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Hallett, D., Foster, A. orcid.org/0000-0002-5817-0008, Hurst, D. et al. (7 more authors) (2018) Electrical control of nonlinear quantum optics in a nano-photonic waveguide. Optica, 5 (5). pp. 644-650. ISSN 2334-2536
Quantum photonics is a rapidly developing platform for future quantum network applications. Waveguide-based architectures, in which embedded quantum emitters act as both nonlinear elements to mediate photon–photon interactions and as highly coherent single-photon sources, offer a highly promising route to realize such networks. A key requirement for the scale-up of the waveguide architecture is local control and tunability of individual quantum emitters. Here, we demonstrate electrical control, tuning, and switching of the nonlinear photon–photon interaction arising due to a quantum dot embedded in a single-mode nano-photonic waveguide. A power-dependent waveguide transmission extinction as large as 40±2% is observed on resonance. Photon statistics measurements show clear, voltage-controlled bunching of the transmitted light and antibunching of the reflected light, demonstrating the single-photon, quantum character of the nonlinearity. Importantly, the same architecture is also shown to act as a source of highly coherent, electrically tunable single photons. Overall, the platform presented addresses the essential requirements for the implementation of photonic gates for scalable nano-photonic-based quantum information processing.
Authors/Creators: |
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2018 Optical Society of America. Published by The Optical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. |
Dates: |
Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > Department of Physics and Astronomy (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 24 May 2018 13:47 |
Last Modified: | 30 Oct 2018 11:29 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.5.000644 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Optical Society of America |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.5.000644 |
Related URLs: |


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If Gadgets Talked S#!% Behind Your Back
We've had a lot of fun examining the terrifying existential implications of Toy Story's sentient dolls and action figures. But gadgets are the species of sentient inanimate object that would probably make things the most powerfully weird for the modern world. We asked you to show us why. The winner is below, but first the runners up.


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Sumilon Island, along with Bantayan and Kalanggaman, is definitely one of the trending islands today. It is just a 15 minute boat ride away from Brgy. Tan-awan so its a wise move to treat yourself an island relaxation after your whale shark encounter. After our Oslob town proper tour, we rented a pump boat to bring us to Sumilon to officially start our Cebu getaway. (and my babyboy's birthday too)
read my 4-Days South Cebu and Cebu City Itinerary and Travel Guide.
If going to the Sumilon sandbar: Look for Heide (she's famous) in the vendors area near the whale shark encounter and rent a boat to her. Price ranges on the number of people. We paid P1,500 for 5 persons, roundtrip.
If going to Bluewater Sumilon Resort: Ride a tricycle or multicab that will bring you to Sumilon Island Port in Mainland Bancogon. The boat ride is inclusive in the day tour rate.
BLUEWATER SUMILON vs SUMILON SANDBAR
Sumilon Island is mostly owned (or rented I'm not really sure) by Bluewater Resort. The same company that owns Bluewater Maribago and Bluewater Panglao. It is a luxury resort, with their hospitality services and beautiful infinity pool. They offer a day tour package for P1,500 on weekdays and P2,000 on weekends from 7am to 5pm. This package is inclusive of lunch buffet, snorkeling gears, trekking and other activities and amenities. Don't even get me start with their room rates of at least P15,000 a night.
But the good new is that you don't need to spend thousands of pesos to enjoy the sandbar. Sumilon's shifting sandbar is open for public. You just need to pay a P20 environmental fee. The sandbar is just bare though. Unlike the Bohol's virgin island, this has no shade and vendors around. Most people bring beach umbrellas (or even tents) and food instead. So it's a pretty normal scenario to see families or friends drinking alcohol and having fun around.
We chose to just experience Sumilon Sandbar because first, the day tour package is pricey; and second, the sandbar is perfect enough to enjoy ourselves. We settled our things and foods near the rocks and decided to swim after a long hot day. We were actually like kids who were put in a playground. Never underestimate what a beach can do to working adults from Manila. The sandbar was fully visible when we got there by 3pm so we enjoyed taking photos and running around.
Don't even make me start with how crystal clear the water is. The water is cold enough to erase how hot the day has been. But be a little careful because after the shoreline is an instant deep part. You can borrow a life vest to the boat you've rented if you're afraid of swimming in the deep part. (You can bring goggles so you can see the corals below. #TipidTipsNiB) We enjoyed the cold water for 30 minutes and tried really hard to capture a perfect group underwater shot. We failed.
I'm not really sure with how the sandbar's visibility works. Of course, it depends on the weather but it is thick enough not to vanish completely on a high tide unlike other sandbars. So my best move is to ask the locals that day. I asked one around 7am and by just looking at the sea she said not yet for the tide is high. (Napa-wow ako sa move ni Ate) I asked another one around 11am and he said that the afternoon is a good time. And it really is. These people need to teach me their super power.
The last boat ride to the main island is 5pm. 2 hours stay here had not been enough for us. If you're planning an island slumber party, I advised you to bring a beach umbrella and be there around 1:30pm. Here's some photos sunset photos:
Here's a trivia for you guys, did you know that Sumilon sandbar is shifting locations around the island depends on the month? This island is magical!
If you're rich (unlike me), go book a R&R experience with Bluewater Sumilon Island Resort. You can go book them with Agoda through here. I need to start working my ass off for luxury travels like this someday.
Click the image on the left for a detailed island travel guide that will help you more.
We can share tips, experience and guides in the comment section below!


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Well ... it has been a while since we have gotten to write a short blurb leading into second half with a smile in our faces. FWIW Coach Rick Neuheisel's UCLA Bruins at least showed up in the first half in Corvallis. At the end of first half the Bruins are up by a score of 21-10(boxscore). The score could have been dominating if not for three holding calls and a special teams meltdown towards the end of the first half giving up a TD to Beaver punt return team.
The Bruin offense has generally looked pretty sharp in the first half. We are throwing it down field. Our receivers are catching with their hands (including Embree) and the running game churning out chunks of yards at the time. Even the defense has made some huge plays in the first half giving us momentum including from much maligned guys like Sean Westgate. Except for one long drive the Beavers had in their first series which resulted in a FG, the Bruin defense held the Beavers in check.
But hey we need to stay even keeled. Remember after all this is Oregon State we're playing. These guys lost to Sacramento State. At home. So, no need to make radical conclusions about the state of our program just yet. Plus we saw the meltdown at the end of the first half. Still it's more fun to write this kind of blurb than the ones we had to write during half time of San Jose State. Let's hope the Bruins instead of keeping it conservative turn on the after burners in second half and close this out.


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Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index
Over two-thirds of the 176 countries and territories in this year's index fall below the midpoint of our scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). The global average score is a paltry 43, indicating endemic corruption in a country's public sector. Top-scoring countries (yellow in the map below) are far outnumbered by orange and red countries where citizens face the tangible impact of corruption on a daily basis.
This year's results highlight the connection between corruption and inequality, which feed off each other to create a vicious circle between corruption, unequal distribution of power in society, and unequal distribution of wealth.


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November 27, 2023 Unleash Your CYBER MONDAY Style with Exclusive Deals on Specific Products!
Citta - One's Mindset
Part of the Mind, Body, Soul Collection
Mind - #1
Allow your healing journey to begin from within with our Ritual Tea Atelier. With the combination of herbal and Ayurvedic teas, you'll open your third eye with every sip. Embrace an abundance of magnifying power through the stillness and comfort that pouring yourself a cup consists of. Tea is one of our oldest self-care rituals, allowing the mind and body to rest and reset for the day or evening at hand. With these all-natural flavors, relax and welcome wisdom right from the earth.
Notes: Spicy and earthy with cinnamon, ginger, cardamom, and red pepper.
Loose Leaf Brewing Instructions: Start with cold water and bring water to a boil. Add sachet filled with herbs. For iced herbal infusions, Pour hot water over herbs and steep 4-6 minutes. Remove or strain herbs and enjoy! The herbs we offer are naturally caffeine free.
Ingredients: Cinnamon, ginger, cardamom seed, clove buds, black pepper.
HOW TO USE • Heat water to a boil on stove
• Pour in cup over teabag and let steep for 5 minutes
• Enjoy hot or cold over ice


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People come from far and wide to see the Beaufort Historic Site, a 2-acre area attraction made up of ten buildings, six authentically restored, in the center of town. Cared for by the Beaufort Historical Association, the site annually hosts nearly 60,000 visitors, who tour the buildings and participate in the tours, classes, workshops, special events and historical re-enactments scheduled throughout the year. This heritage tourism site, along with the bustling Beaufort waterfront, is part of what makes this little seaport so special and appealing.
Before you begin to look around, go to the Robert W. and Elva Faison Safrit Historical Center at 130 Turner Street. The center welcomes and orients visitors to the historic site with free exhibits and demonstrations. If you decide to take any of the guided tours, the Historical Center is where you purchase tickets and meet the tour guide. The Old Beaufort Museum Gift Shop is also here, as well as loads of information about the town of Beaufort and other not-to-be-missed attractions. The center is open Monday through Saturday 9:30 AM to 5 PM from March through November and 10 AM to 4 PM Monday through Saturday from December through February. After a visit to the Safrit Historical Center, we guarantee you'll want to spend a few more days in town.
Ongoing preservation efforts have kept Old Beaufort, celebrating its 300th anniversary in 2009, in tune with its treasured history and heritage. Most of the historically important restored buildings you'll see at the Beaufort Historic Site were moved from other locations in town to preserve them for current and future generations. So that visitors get the most from each tour, the BHA has restored and preserved the buildings in award-winning detail. The collections and furnishings, some original to the structure, help interpret a particular period in Beaufort's history. Guided walking tours of the buildings (we describe some of them here) are conducted by costumed and knowledgeable docents Monday through Saturday year-round for $9 per adult and $4 for children.
Josiah Bell House, c. 1825, is a Victorian home with side gardens and served as the residence of the influential Bell family of Beaufort. Josiah Fisher Bell, son of the home's namesake, was a Confederate agent during the Civil War. The home's interior represents the opulent Victorian period.
Samuel Leffers Cottage, c.1778, is a primitive house that was once home to Beaufort's schoolmaster. The house serves as the perfect setting to showcase artifacts relating to the daily Colonial period chores of cooking, spinning, sewing, candle making and weaving.
John C. Manson House, c. 1825, was the first building purchased by the Beaufort Historical Association in the 1960s. Located on its original site, this elegant Federal Period home is an excellent study in decorative arts, complete with an authentic faux-finished interior. The award-winning home is a testament to the Beaufort Historic Site's dedication to authentic restorations.
The Carteret County Courthouse of 1796 has been completely restored to its original governmental glory. It is the only eighteenth-century framed courthouse of its size in North Carolina that has been restored, or is in a condition that would even allow restoration. The authentic preservation project won several local, state and national awards. The courthouse serves as the backdrop for the Beaufort Historic Site's courthouse dramatization, an integral tool for educating today's youth about the early American legal system.
Old County Jail, c.1829, has two cells and a jail keeper's quarters, which were in use until 1954. The Old Jail boasts 28-inch thick walls and legends of ghosts. The jailer and his family coexisted here with the prisoners, though the jailer's quarters were much cozier than those of the inmates.
The Apothecary Shop and Doctor's Office, c.1859, features a fascinating collection of medical instruments and memorabilia from the county's early doctors and dentists, most of which are original to the shop. These items make the building very popular with history buffs.
R. Rustell House, c.1732, is home to the Mattie King Davis Art Gallery. In its time, the building was a typical Beaufort cottage and was owned by prominent early citizen Richard Rustell, Jr. The gallery is the oldest in Carteret County and is open year-round, offering the artwork and crafts for more than 100 local and regional artists for show and sale.
After touring the historic site, hop on the vintage English double-decker bus for a terrific narrated tour of Beaufort's historic district. The tour comes complete with fascinating stories about town residents and noted locations and homes that shaped Beaufort's 300 years of history. Bus tours depart the historic site from April through October on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday. Bus tour fees are $9 for adults and $4 for children. Groups are delightfully welcomed by reservation.
Don't miss the Old Burying Ground on Ann Street. This treasured cemetery, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, was listed in Our State magazine as one of the top 52 sites to see in North Carolina. It was also featured in the Nicholas Sparks book A Walk to Remember and is open daily from early morning until dusk as an amazing lesson of our past. The weathered tombstones dating back to the early 1700s chronicle the heritage of Beaufort and the surrounding coast. Stories of military heroes, star-crossed lovers, privateers and noted Beaufort residents of all ages are featured under a protective canopy of live oaks. From June through September, the BHA gives narrated tours of the cemetery on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday (fees are $9 for adults and $4 for children). Group tours can also be arranged year round. To take the tour on your own there is a map available at the Safrit Historical Center.
In addition to these activities, the Beaufort Historical Association conducts the fabulous annual Beaufort Old Homes Tour and Antiques Show during the last full weekend in June. Activities include tours of private and BHA–owned homes and gardens, musical performances, more than 40 antique dealers from all over the East Coast, re-enactments and more. In case you decide you just can't leave Beaufort (and many have), volunteers are always welcome to become involved in the coastal history presented and preserved through the Beaufort Historic Site and the Beaufort Historical Association. The Beaufort Historical Association is a nonprofit organization formed in the 1960s by local citizens and is dedicated to the research, education and the preservation of Carteret County's incredible history. Membership at all levels is welcomed. The Beaufort Historic Site also gladly hosts private parties, weddings, and receptions by reservation.
Fill out the form below to send your comment or question to Beaufort Historic Site!


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In the summer of 2003 the New York City MTA and the Department of Environmental Protection placed posters featuring archival photos of early-20th-century New York City projects (bridges, waterworks, etc.) inside city subway cars. My favorite, for pretty obvious reasons, was the one of the Catskills Aqueduct circa 1913. In this image we see five men standing in the mouths of three symmetrical ducts branching off from a larger one (or perhaps merging into one). It wasn't just the stunningly vaginal quality of each aperture that caught my eye: it was their eerie resemblance—especially that of the middle one, which I show here—to the frontal view of the female genitalia in Gray's Anatomy. The proportions and reflective highlights match up nicely, and the symbolic stuff is pretty obvious: life springs forth from both water and womb, mammalian life depends on both, many humans enjoy spending time in water and in vaginas, and so on.
Weschler Responds.
I can't imagine what Mr. Clem is talking about. But then … I am reminded of the old story—in fact, I include it in the book—about the guy who goes to the shrink, desperate for relief: "Doc, Doc, you've got to help me, I can't take it anymore. My problem is—" At which point the doctor interrupts him: "No, no, don't tell me. I'll give you a little test here and I'll be able to tell you what your problem is." He pulls out a sheaf of placards from his desk drawer and shows the patient the first—which portrays a simple pair of straight, parallel vertical lines—asking him, "What's this?" "Oh my God," says the guy, "it's two people, a man and a woman, and they're necking, and yecch, it's disgusting." Hmm, thinks the shrink as he scribbles a note on his clipboard. "And this?" (Another two lines, this time horizontal.) "Ach, Jesus!" exclaims the patient. "It's the same two and now they're in bed, they're having physical relations, intercourse, and, aye, it's completely revolting." Hmmm, thinks the shrink as he jots himself another note. "And this?" (Another two lines, this time crossed.) "Oh my Lord, dear God," stammers the patient, barely able to continue. "It's the same couple and this time, I can't even say it, they're … they're—" "Sir," interrupts the shrink, "we don't even have to go any further. I can already tell you what your problem is: You, sir, have a pathologically dirty mind."
"I've got a dirty mind?" the patient explodes. "You're the one showing me the dirty pictures!"


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SRDS 2011 : IEEE 30th International Symposium on Reliable Distributed SystemsConference Series : Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems | |||||||||||||||
Link: http://lsd.ls.fi.upm.es/srds2011/ | |||||||||||||||
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30th International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, IEEE SRDS 2011 October 4-7, 2011, Madrid, Spain http://lsd.ls.fi.upm.es:11888/srds/cfp.html The Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS) is a forum for researchers and practitioners interested in distributed systems design, development and evaluation, particularly with emphasis on reliability, availability, safety, security, trust and real time. We welcome original research papers as well as practical experience reports that deal with design, development and experimental results of operational systems. IMPORTANT DATES Abstract submission: March 27, 2011 (recommended) Full Paper submission: April 13, 2011 Author notification: June 20, 2011 Camera-ready: July 15, 2011 Workshops: October 4, 2011 Conference: October 5-7, 2011 SCOPE The major areas of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: * Cloud computing and virtualization: X-as-a-Service * Autonomic, pervasive, ubiquitous and diffuse computing * Secure and trusted systems * Secure and dependable web services * High-confidence systems * Parallel and distributed operating systems * Distributed objects and middleware systems * Fault-tolerant and secure sensor nets and wireless ad-hoc networks * Event-based and peer-to-peer infrastructures * Distributed databases and transaction processing * Distributed multimedia systems * Grid Computing * Electronic commerce and enabling technologies * Formal methods and foundations for dependable distributed computing * Analytical or experimental evaluations of dependable distributed systems * Distributed algorithms * Internet-based systems and applications * Wireless and ad-hoc networks * QoS control and assessment * Trust and scalable system design in social networks Best Paper Award: The symposium will highlight the best paper. All papers accepted for presentation at the symposium will be evaluated by the Best Paper Award Co-Chairs for the award. The authors of the awarded paper will receive 1,000 euros (taxable). The Best Paper Award is co-sponsored by Yahoo! Research. Submission Guidelines: Please see the submission page for information. Accepted papers will appear in the symposium proceedings, which will be published by the IEEE Computer Society. Workshops Workshops will be held in conjunction with SRDS 2011 on October 4, 2011. Committee SYMPOSIUM CHAIR Ricardo Jimenez-Peris, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain TECHNICAL PROGRAM COMMITTEE CO-CHAIRS Fernando Pedone, University of Lugano, Switzerland Sanjay Madria, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA TECHNICAL PROGRAM COMMITTEE Saurabh Bagchi, Purdue University, USA Luiz Eduardo Buzato, Unicamp, Brazil Michel Cukier, University of Maryland, USA Xavier Defago, JAIST, Japan Felicita Di Giandomenico, ISTI, Italy Christof Fetzer, TUD, Germany Benoit Garbinato, University of Lausanne, Switzerland Mohamed Gouda, University of Texas Austin, USA Takahiro Hara, Osaka University, Japan Suresh Jagannathan, Purdue University, USA Flavio Junqueira, Yahoo, Spain Zbigniew Kalbarczyk, Univeristy of Illinois at U-C, USA Johan Karlsson, Chalmers University, Sweden Bettina Kemme, McGill University, Canada Vijay Kumar, University of Missouri-Kansas, USA Wang-Chien Lee, Pennsylvania State University, USA Leszek Lilien, Western Michigan University, USA Yi Lin, Microsoft, USA Mark Linderman, AFRL, USA Ling Liu, Georgia Tech, USA Paolo Lollini, University of Florence, Italy Raimundo Macedo, UFBA, Brazil Henrique Madeira, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal Istvan Majzik, BUTE, Hungary Miroslaw Malek, Humboldt University, Germany Dahlia Malkhi, Microsoft, USA Gilles Muller, INRIA, France Paul Murray, HP Labs, UK Tatsuo Nakajima, Waseda University, Japan Rui Oliveira, Universidade do Minho, Portugal Lotfi Ben Othmane, Western Michigan University, USA Marta Patiño, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain Atul Prakash, University of Michigan, USA Vivien Quema, CNRS, France Anand Ranganathan IBM Watson, USA Andre Schiper, EPFL, Switzerland Eltefaat Shokri, Aerospace corp, USA Mukesh Singhal, University of Kentucky, USA Gene Tsudik, University of California at Irvine, USA Roman Vitenberg, University of Oslo, Norway Pawel T. Wojciechowski, Poznan University of Technology, Poland Ouri Wolfson, UIC, USA Isaac Woungang, Ryerson University, Canada |


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In today's world, traditional print marketing is considered to be an outdated method to work on and has been put on the back, which is simply not a better idea. Only because every other person is roaming around with a mobile phone and the digital device does not give less worth to the traditional marketing method.
With the growing writing material being so handy contributes a sense of acknowledgement to the growth of digital media, so, you will just think that print marketing materials would stay secondary or will be considered inferior, correct?
Here comes the need to give a second thought to it. And why is that? There is no doubt on the role of digital market approaching the field of advertising, and you can still begin to use the custom marketing materials as a lead for promoting print marketing and utilize it for generating sales and increase more profit for your business.
There is an entire world which explains to you how to market your goods and facilities/services by using print marketing tactics. Here, we have summed up some of the most productive and successful kinds to pervade your goods with a style and innovation.
So, let's begin to discuss the marketing materials. Even in this digital era, print marketing approach is loved by people as it is less burden on the pocket. In this article, you are going to get the best marketing concepts that can be used to create marketing materials for your business. So let's jump right into it and learn about the ten best printing materials to increase sales.
Table of Contents
Marketing materials are the bits and pieces that you use to connect your marketing to customers. Printing marketing materials play an essential part in making a desirable impression.
But, you need to make this sure that anyone who meets by your ideas of marketing catches the actual picture. Here are some of the essential tools that will eventually lead you towards standing out in the market and make you a brand. They serve as a medium to help you convey your desired marketing message, merge your product and validate your contributions. These items may include printed products like business cards, brochures, banners, flags, signs, catalogues and even billboards can be categorized as tools for marketing. Other persuasive marketing strategies may include things like customized shirts, mugs and bags.
As humans have a very short span of attention, it will take just seconds for them to decide whether they want to see your drive and sense the actual impact which can influence them or not. So, it is an essential element to take hold of their attention as soon as possible. The basic idea is to make things crystal clear, catchy and make people comprehend the idea easily.
An elegant way to visually appeal your customers is to focus on enhancing the writing by using the bold font and excessive writing in capitalization, which can stand out from the rest. Use of words which can serve as a greater impact should be practised. Words should be short and to the point.
Colour selection and designs also play a vital role here. Previous studies have been verifying the importance of effective colours in marketing. Primary colours are suitable for promoting the message that helps for achievement in delivering the message.
Your business card might be considered as one of the least attentive marketing material in a print field, but it carries a huge amount of weightage. They are ignored often but are very strong if executed in the right manner.
Influence your customer with this tip. Think about the ideas that can make them catch your attention and exhibit your passion with the simple text on your cards.
Now, it is no longer suitable just to leave your name and phone number on the card, you need to start playing them up a little. You should add a QR code that leads the person to have access on your resume directly.
A QR is the latest method which is important to link them with you directly on the internet. So, start getting yourself updated with impressive interacting techniques that promptly express your passion for generating the client.
All can send a simple white envelope in the post, but does it pay enough worth to your brand?
Customized envelopes give a sense of professionalism and competency to your printed material. Branded envelopes let your receiver know about the exact source from where it is coming and depicts professionalism. The amount of effort you put into creating it from printing a coloured logo to the paper quality displays your devotion in your business.
Whatever you plan to send in the mail including the prospectus, sales letters, cards, bills and other information should be driven in a branded envelop.
One of the classic ways to heat up your print marketing is through brochures. It is required by every business to let their customers have detailed information about their company.
They serve to be beneficial if displayed in a laymen's way with a crisp and neat use of helpful language which gives a sense of quick imagination.
Catalogues are imagined to be the huge, heavy sized book. But, most of the customers having a shorter span of time makes catalogue a casual way to climax your most profit attaining items. Customers tend to keep them for a longer period of time with them compared to a visit to the website.
Many people are more relaxed spending time in a catalogue than using the internet. Also, catalogues have a higher holding rate than a typical website does.
To send a note which says thank you with a business card lets the client acknowledge you and gives them a vibe which shows your care and courtesy towards them, which is the ultimate goal. It also offers a platform where the client can give his/her feedback.
This is an effective way to inform your vision of upcoming services and products to many contacts and will continue to pass along. It can contribute a big amount of integrity to your brand and can lead you towards a long-lasting impression on your client if done in an efficient manner.
Folders make a greater impact on everyone each time they look at it. It helps in creating awareness in mind for a longer projection. Insertion of flyers, pricing material inside a customized folder will enhance the presentation and will keep the documents stay together at a place safely.
This is a bit expensive way to make the details look attractive with correct binding and will let the client know that you have invested a good amount in making it look effective. You can also consider printing the booklets that can be easily wrapped in each way.
It is a stage show of skills, products and upcoming dealings. It is simply your own creativity. It is a great source to promote direct sales, deals and other aspects linked with it.
You can begin to spread the appearance of your brand to others by giving them a look at useful things such as mugs, t-shirts, pens, bags and notebooks.
The main lead towards success in your print marketing materials to increase sales is to make sure that your message is delivered in a simplified manner keeping all the elements reliable with the overall branding. Ok, so if you are already inspired you are ready to go!


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Title: Compound Target Archery Program Coordinator
Type of Position: Part-time Contract (approx 10-20 hours per month)
Term: 2021-2025
Location: Home-based. Some travel may be required
Archery Canada is the National Sport Organization responsible for the promotion and development of the sport of archery in a safe and ethical manner. We are currently seeking a part time contractor to manage the role of Compound Target Archery Program Coordinator. Archery Canada supports the achievement of high-performance excellence in archery in all categories and the development of a national archery infrastructure to promote archery participation across Canada in cooperation with the Provincial/Territorial Archery Associations.
The Compound Target Archery Coordinator is a part-time contracted position reporting to the Program staff and working with the High Performance Director and High Performance Committee. The position has responsibility for program development, strategy, administration and support related to national teams competing in Compound target with a focus on youth pathway
development, team communication and monitoring. Working with the Archery Canada Staff and the HPC the Coordinator will contribute to the development of common areas such as high performance strategic plan development and implementation, LTAD implementation, and Archery Canada competition budget development.
- Lead Youth and Senior Compound Target Archery sport development, with a focus on the delivery of a system building strategy that aligns with other national team and high-performance programs, specifically in the areas of talent identification plans and initiatives, monitoring systems, processes, and programming to drive ongoing athlete engagement (e.g. Development /Identification camps)
- Work in collaboration with AC staff, the HPD and HPC (or HPC identified working group) to develop specific program documents including: national team criteria and selection process; Event selection addendums, carding criteria and nominations; and identify and plan competition and training opportunities.
- Oversee ongoing monitoring and evaluation of athlete performance at the team and individual level, and manage relevant data to ensure standards are met to obtain optimal performance potential.
- In collaboration with the HPD, and AC Staff, develop a budget related to each of the Compound Target Archery Program national team events and programs.
- In collaboration with the HPD select team staff for each national team event.
- Attend and participate in HPC meetings (face-to-face and teleconference) participating as a full member of the High-Performance Committee with voting rights.
- Support the development and delivery of program specific communications with AC staff
- Communicate with program participants (Youth and Senior team athletes, Development athletes, and identified personal coaches) and stakeholders (designated PTSO technical leads) to ensure timely information and follow up
- Develop relevant and beneficial professional networks both domestically and internationally
- Provide reports on the Compound Target Archery Programs to the VP of High Performance and HPD
Program Management
- Coordinate the organization of, and assist with the delivery of AC's Compound Target Archery Team camps, events and programs with AC's Technical Leadership and program staff
- Attend national and international tournaments and/or training camps, as deemed appropriate within budgetary constraints. The Coordinator may be called to serve in the role of Team Leader or Support Staff for national team events.
- Assist with the preparation and submission of government and other funders' grant applications when requested by the Executive Director or HPD.
NOTE: All the above may involve collaboration with the Executive Director and Program Manager to varying degrees.
The Coordinator shall report to the HPD and sit on the Company's High-Performance Committee. Additional services or amendments to the services described above may be agreed upon between the parties.
Key Competencies
- Strong understanding of the high performance sport environment to best help prepare athletes, coaches and team leaders to perform during the major international events
- Understanding of, and previous exposure to archery
- Excellent organizational skills, re., setting priorities, directing volunteers and committees
- Ability to work independently and as part of a team with strong interpersonal skills
- Excellent communication skills both written and oral in English. Functional ability to speak and write in French is an asset
- Proficiency with standard office applications such as email, document and spreadsheet development in Google suite or Microsoft Office, etc
- Must comply with Archery Canada's Screening Policy and complete required training within the first month of start date.
Compensation will be commensurate with the successful applicants experience. The budget for this part-time role will be $500 per month.
Application deadline: April 26, 2021
Interested candidates can submit their resume and cover letter via email to: Karl Balisch, Executive Director, via email at :
We appreciate the interest of all applicants however only those candidates selected for an interview will be contacted.


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Marijuana goes by many names. Mary Jane, grass, weed, pot, and by its scientific name, cannabis. Cannabis is known to contain similar narcotic substances of prescription painkillers. Cannabis is a plant that for some, is used to treat different medical ailments, including glaucoma, chronic pain, and inflammation.
However, for many, cannabis is used in a recreational way. The cannabis business is very beneficial for both the consumer and dealer. What many fail to consider, is while there are benefits, there are also many harmful side effects linked to cannabis usage as well.
But What Are The Good and Bad Side Effects of Cannabis Usage?
Medically speaking, cannabis has several good effects. Cannabis can help treat glaucoma, which is a very positive effect. Some studies suggest that an ingredient in cannabis may help Alzheimer's patients experience less inflammation and decrease how quickly their nervous system fails.
Cannabis has, for some time now, been proven to help reduce pain and nausea linked to chemotherapy in cancer patients and has also been proven to help HIV and AIDS patients. Believe it or not, cannabis can not only slow down and hinder the growth of tumors, but it can also prevent metastasis, accounding to a study done by Harvard University.
And many studies have shown a reduction in seizures in people who suffer from epilepsy. These studies have also shown that cannabis can help reduce symptoms of patients who suffer from multiple sclerosis, such as pain, muscle stiffness and spasms and frequent urination.
However, with all the benefits, there are also many harmful side effects as well. For example, cannabis can be linked to lung, heart and breathing problems, as well as problems with pregnancy and addiction. There are also many long term effects of cannabis usage over time.
1.) Effects on Pregnancies
When a pregnant woman smokes cannabis, she is not only exposing herself to its harmful side effects, but her unborn child as well. The child's memory and brain can be affected, as well as stunting brain growth, mental and physical side effects, and other harmful side effects.
When a woman smokes cannabis while pregnant, she is risking her child's health. Babies of mothers who have smoked cannabis while pregnant may experience a high-pitched colicky cry, be born underweight, and have slower or delayed visual responses.
It is crucial for pregnant women to use cannabis with caution throughout her pregnancy and after, as cannabis can be transferred through breast milk as well.
2.) Effects on the Heart
What many people don't know, especially with cannabis being known as a way to relax, is that cannabis use can actually quicken your heart rate. A healthy person's heart beats an average of 70 to 80 times per minute. When you are under the influence of cannabis, your heart rate can double.
This puts a strain on the heart and raises blood pressure. This in turn, can result in heart attack and stroke. Smoking cannabis actually increases your chance of having a stroke.
Both of these are especially true in people who suffer from preexisting heart problems or who have problems with blood circulation and those who are elderly. Use caution when smoking cannabis for this reason!
3.) Effects on the Lungs and Breathing Issues
It's no surprise that cannabis usage has a negative effect on a person's lungs and how they breathe. A persons lungs and throat are harmed by the cannabis smoke, much like it is for those who smoke cigarettes. Because of this, cannabis users are at a higher risk for bronchitis.
Cannabis is also believed to contain cancer causing chemicals. Cannabis smokers are at a greater risk of several other breathing and lung issues, including a long-lasting 'smokers cough', phlegm accumulation in their throats, lung infections including bronchitis and pneumonia, and difficulty breathing.
Considering you need your lungs to survive, it's time to really consider if it is worth the risk, isn't it?
4.) Addiction to Cannabis
There is a whole list of things that can go wrong when someone is addicted to cannabis. Both health wise and work, relationship, and financial wise. Long term exposure to cannabis can cause one to become addicted by changing the body and brain and tricking it into believing it needs cannabis to survive.
Just as any addiction, it too is hard to just kick the habit. Younger people, normally teenagers and young adults are at the greatest risk of becoming dependent on cannabis. Research has shown that at least 1 in every 9 people who have used cannabis will become addicted to it at some point in their life.
This is a very hard habit to kick, much like any other drug, and it should be considered one of the biggest negative side effects out there. Much like prescription painkillers, a person can grow so dependant on the drug that it gravely effects their everyday lives. For the heavier users, the following signs may develop right after you smoke, or further down the line if you eat or sleep in between.
Red eyes, laughing uncontrollably, confusion and hallucinations, anxiety, irritability, and inability to register what is going on around them, loss of space and time.
The worst part is, is when a person does decide to quit once and for all, they may experience withdrawal symptoms including, but not limited to, irritability, paranoia, headache and body aches, inability to sleep, and nausea. However, in retrospect, those withdrawal symptoms are worth it compared to a life on drugs.
5.) The Long Term Effects on Cannabis Use
Tetra Hydro cannabinol, or THC as it is more commonly known, alters the way the brain of the user works. It makes them feel different. For most, it makes them feel more relaxed or even happy. THC is the main substance in cannabis.
The high from cannabis can last for up to five hours if smoked and up to twelve hours if ingested. It takes around a month for cannabis to no longer be detectable through a urine or blood test, but research has proven that cannabis can be found in your hair for quite some time after.
Long term use of cannabis can be exceptionally harmful for teenagers and young adults, as it can even lead to mental damage, such as memory loss, inability to focus, and lower IQ.
Regular long term use of cannabis can lead to several health problems, including those we mentioned earlier. To add to that list, long term use of cannabis can lead to balance and coordination problems, menstrual cycle issues in women, low sperm counts in men, and a reduced sex drive. However, many, if not all of these effects can disappear if a person stops their extended use of the harmful drug.
Cannabis Usage Review Summary
Whether you chose to smoke cannabis for medical reasons or recreationally, please be aware that though there are many great benefits of the drug, there are also many negative effects as well. While you should always do your research and consult your doctor first, consider your options. Is that high really worth your life?
Can you think of a healthier way to handle whatever reason you smoke cannabis in the first place? Are you ready to handle the side effects? The choice is yours.


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Associated Press photos of new Saints 2016 undrafted free agents.
New Orleans Saints Executive Vice President/General Manager Mickey Loomis announced Monday that 19 undrafted rookie free agents have agreed to terms on three-year contracts with the team following the conclusion of the NFL Draft. Joining the Saints will be offensive linemen Jack Allen, Joseph Cheek, Marcus Henry, Ryker Mathews, Landon Turner and Avery Young, defensive backs Mike Caputo, Ken Crawley, Trae Elston and De'Vante Harris, wide receivers Jared Dangerfield, Tommylee Lewis and Jordan Williams-Lambert, running back Sione Houma, defensive linemen Mitchell Loewen and D.J. Pettway and linebackers Dillon Lee, Jeff Schoettmer and Dominique Tovell.
Jack Allen – Offensive lineman, Michigan State (6-2, 296)
Allen was a four-year starter on the offensive line for the Spartans. He played in 48 career games, including 47 starts (42 at center, five at left guard). As a senior in 2015, the Hinsdale, Ill. native was a consensus first-team All-American, starting 12 games at center for the Spartans, including the 2015 College Football Playoff Semifinal at the Cotton Bowl.
Mike Caputo – Defensive back, Wisconsin (6-1, 206)
The West Allegheny, Pa. native was a four-year letterman and three-year starter at safety for Wisconsin. He played in 53 games with 40 total starts and finished his career with 244 tackles (144 solo), 10 tackles for loss, 1.5 sacks, four forced fumbles, five fumble recoveries, three interceptions and 20 passes defensed. As a senior, he was a consensus second-team All-Big Ten selection when he started all 13 games for the Badgers and ranked fourth on the team with 65 tackles, one tackle for loss, two forced fumbles, one fumble recovery, two interceptions and 10 passes defensed.
Joseph Cheek – Offensive lineman, Texas A&M (6-7, 311)
The Seguin, Texas native was a two-year starter at right guard for Texas A&M. He played in 51 games with 22 total starts, including opening all 13 contests as a senior in 2015 when the Aggies gained an average of 424.7 total yards per game.
Ken Crawley – Defensive back, Colorado (6-1, 180)
Crawley, a Washington, D.C. native, played in 47 career games at cornerback for the Buffaloes and recorded 201 tackles (165 solo), eight tackles for loss, one forced fumble, one fumble recovery, 36 passes defensed and three interceptions. His pass defensed total ranks third in school history. As a senior in 2015, he started all 13 games at right cornerback and recorded 46 tackles (40 solo), an interception, 13 passes defensed and one fumble recovery.
Jared Dangerfield – Wide receiver, Western Kentucky (6-3, 215)
Dangerfield, who is a native of West Palm Beach, Fla., played in all 14 games with 12 starts for Western Kentucky as a senior and smashed the school receiving record he set the prior year, by recording 82 receptions for 844 yards with eight touchdowns, earning Honorable Mention All-Conference USA honors. In two seasons at Western Kentucky after transferring from Fort Scott (Kan.) Community College, Dangerfield played in 27 games with 26 starts and finished with 151 receptions for 1,669 yards with 19 touchdowns.
Trae Elston – Defensive back, Mississippi (5-11, 176)
Elston was a four-year starter at safety for Mississippi, finishing his career playing in 50 games with 44 starts and recording 252 tackles (153 solo), 11 tackles for loss, one sack, two forced fumbles, four fumble recoveries, four interceptions and 34 passes defensed. As a senior in 2015, he was an Associated Press second-team All-American and opened all 13 games, recording 70 tackles (44 solo), five tackles for loss, four interceptions, including two returned for touchdowns and 18 passes defensed.
De'Vante Harris – Defensive Back, Texas A&M (5-11, 190)
Harris was a four-year letterman for the Aggies and produced career totals of 171 tackles (121 solo), 7.5 tackles for loss, four interceptions and 24 passes defensed. The Mesquite, Texas native contributed 31 tackles (25 solo), two interceptions, including one returned for a touchdown and eight passes defensed as a senior in 2015. His father Rod, was also a former Texas A&M standout and played in the NFL for three years, including handling punt return duties for New Orleans in 1989.
Marcus Henry – Offensive lineman, Boise State (6-3, 293)
Henry spent four years on the offensive line at Boise State where he received several honors including All-Mountain West first team honors as both a junior and a senior. As a senior, the Bellevue, Wash. native opened all 13 games at center, anchoring the offensive line of the Mountain West's top-scoring offense (39.1 ppg.) and top-ranked total offense (501.3 ypg.), each of which also ranked 15th in the FBS.
Sione Houma – Running back, Michigan (6-0, 243)
A four-year contributor on both offense and special teams for the Wolverines. The Salt Lake City native played in 12 games with two starts as a senior in 2015 and carried 43 times for 185 yards with one touchdown and made eight receptions for 77 yards.
Dillon Lee – Linebacker, Alabama (6-4, 242)
Lee is a Buford, Ga. native who contributed on both defense and special teams for four seasons. As a senior in 2015, he played in all 15 games for the College Football Playoff champions and recorded 27 tackles (16 solo), 1.5 tackles for loss, one sack, two interceptions and one pass defensed.
Tommylee Lewis – Wide receiver, Northern Illinois (5-7, 168)
An honorable mention All-American and first-team All Mid-American Conference selection in 2013 when he accounted for 1,405 all-purpose yards on 133 touches, Lewis shook off injuries that caused him to miss the entire 2014 season and four games in 2015 to finish with 34 receptions for 398 yards with three touchdowns in 10 contests as a fifth-year senior.
Mitchell Loewen – Defensive lineman, Arkansas (6-5, 275)
A four-year letterman for the Razorbacks, who played five different positions during his collegiate career, Loewen totaled 31 tackles, including 3.5 for loss, two sacks, two passes defensed and also caught two passes for 29 yards with one touchdown. The Lahaina, Hawaii native played in 10 games as a senior and tallied 15 tackles, including 1.5 sacks before a broken foot sidelined him for the final three games of the season.
Ryker Mathews – Offensive lineman, BYU (6-6, 320)
Matthews, who can play both guard and tackle, started 11 games as a senior, helping BYU to its best passing season since 2008 with 3,854 yards, also helping them produce six contests of at least 150 yards rushing. The American Fork, Utah native played in 45 total games in his career, starting 33 at tackle and guard.
D.J. Pettway – Defensive lineman, Alabama (6-2, 270)
A three-year letterman for the Crimson Tide, the Pensacola, Fla. native earned a role in the defensive rotation on one of the nation's top defensive lines as a senior and recorded 18 tackles, including five for a loss, along with two sacks, two passes defensed and two blocked field goals, including one in the College Football Playoff final.
Jeff Schoettmer – Linebacker, North Carolina (6-2, 235)
Schoettmer began his career as a walk-on and earned a scholarship with his play for the Tar Heels, where he ended up playing in 52 games with 38 starts, including the last 27 in a row. As a senior in 2015, the Dallas, Texas native was a third-team All-ACC selection and started all 14 games as a defensive team captain, recording 97 tackles, two fumble recoveries and two interceptions.
Dominique Tovell – Linebacker, Louisiana-Lafayette (6-1, 232)
Tovell, who is a native of Columbia, Miss., played in 50 career games at Louisiana-Lafayette and finished his career with 238 tackles (157 solo), 39.5 tackles for loss, 13 sacks, six passes defensed, four forced fumbles and two fumble recoveries. As a senior in 2015, he recorded 79 tackles, 14.5 tackles for loss, seven sacks and two forced fumbles and earned first-team All-Sun Belt Conference honors.
Landon Turner – Offensive lineman, North Carolina (6-4, 325)
Turner, a Harrisonburg, Va. native, was a four-year starter at guard at the University of North Carolina, appearing in 52 contests with 42 career starts. As a senior in 2015, Turner opened all 14 contests at right guard for an offense that rushed for more than 220 yards per game and was selected as an Associated Press first-team All-American and as a first-team All-ACC selection.
Jordan Williams-Lambert – Wide receiver, Ball State (6-3, 228)
Williams-Lambert was a four-year letterman at Ball State, finishing his career playing in 44 games and recording 200 receptions for 2,723 yards (13.6 avg.) with 24 touchdowns. As a senior in 2015, he was a second-team All-Mid American Conference second-team selection and in 12 games, recorded 72 receptions for 920 yards with eight touchdowns.
Avery Young – Offensive lineman, Auburn (6-6, 305)
Young was a four-year letterman for Auburn and played in 37 career games with 37 starts, including handling starting right tackle duties as a senior in 2015. He is the younger brother of seven-year NFL veteran defensive end Willie Young, who currently plays for the Chicago Bears.


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Outplacement - group or individual
Any reduction in staff, on one employee or group of redundancies, entails not only a problem for redundant, but also for the employer, whose image can be weakened in the labor market. Outplacement process includes activities aimed at not only helping companies in redundancy implementation, but also simultaneously help redundant workers find new jobs as quickly as possible. Workstreet, a partner in the project, provides professional services and consultants, psychologists and a lawyer, whose participation in the process is based on extensive experience in implementation of similar projects and local market knowledge. Consultants are building relationships with the participant to facilitate his/her active participation in the process and increasing the chances of reaching the equilibrium necessary for the process of change. 1. Individual Outplacement Workstreet offers implementation of services for individual outplacement. Duration of the project may be 3, 6, 9 or 12 months and is tailored to the requirements and capabilities of the client, as well as the profile of particular employees. Individual Outplacement - stages of the project: The first steps in the project - analysis of the situation Identification of constraints, strengths and weaknesses Individual Analysis - Extended DISC Determination of short-and long-term career plans Preparation of application documents Job search methods. Networking in building a career. Interview – Simulation Job search campaign Planning a job search strategy During the implementation of the program the following topics will be analyzed: Analysis and assessment of skills, knowledge, competencies, personality traits, preferences, goals, values and motivations. Preparation of resume and cover letter. Development of communication with potential employers (self-presentation, participation in a simulated job interview). Determination of the main directions of development and preferred positions. Establishing the criteria search - creating a list of target companies / potential employers. Preparation for the process of negotiating terms of employment and remuneration. Monitoring the process of looking for a job and possible correction of this process if necessary. Recommendation of methods to change the profile and professional specialization, if necessary. Supporting in finding jobs and trainings, and then communication of the information on the labor market and events relevant to the process of creating a career (job fairs, discussion groups, offers free training available on the market). Other topics related to the situation of the individual participant. 2. Group Outplacement Outplacement workshops: Analysis of the current labor market Analysis of participants professional and personal potential. Defining of the career goals. Demonstration of the principles of creating resumes, cover letters and preparing references. Presentation of the effective methods to reach jobs. Preparing for an interview. The scope of the workshop on participants own business: Selection of the type of business Analysis of the market in terms of groups of customers, suppliers, preliminary market research and competition. Financial planning with strong emphasis on costs and the possibility of its limitations. Creation of business plan. Necessary documents and legal requirements. Registering of the Company. Participation in the program provides: Access to Workstreet consultants (telephone and email) for the duration of the project and a web page that contains among other things: a list of job vacancies, information on the labor market, and answers to frequently asked questions, a list of training institutions in the region, a list of training courses funded by the EU . Contacts with potential employers and sending participants resumes to prospective employers and human resource consulting firms in the designated region or the entire Poland. Cyclical, electronic reports monitoring the labor market and training market for participants region and profile sent to particular participants Telephone contact with each project participant during the program. All these activities are aimed at easing the process of reducing staff and maintain the company's image as a responsible employer.


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Sole Food Street Farm – Urban Street Farm
Vancouver's Downtown Eastside is home to an Urban Street Farm that produces 25 tons of food and employs the unemployable.
Since its inception seven years ago, Sole Food Street Farms has turned acres of decrepit urban land into a prosperous street farm. The farm grows fruits and vegetables, which are harvested by some of Vancouver's Downtown Eastside residents.
Downtown Eastside is notorious for being rough around the edges, so you wouldn't immediately know that about 30 of its inhabitants are farm workers that take on many tasks: planting seeds, caring for plants, harvesting fruits and vegetables. The street farm is even home to an orchard with 500 trees with various fruits such as apples, pears, plums, cherries, and even persimmons, figs and quince.
The street farm produces 25 tons of food annually on pavement.
It's not just the employees that make this farm special, it's the benefits attached to it. Gardening like this gives people a reason to tend to something every day because the community relies on them and the produce itself depends on their care.
Workers are also shown how to cook and taught basic financial skills and canning.
Sole Food Farms transforms vacant urban land into street farms that grow artisan quality fruit and vegetables, available at farmers markets, local restaurants and retail outlets.
Sole Food Farms mission is to empower individuals with limited resources by providing jobs, agricultural training and inclusion in a supportive community of farmers and food lovers.
During the past 7 years, Sole Food Street Farms, now North America's largest urban farm project has transformed acres of vacant and contaminated urban land into street farms.
The Sole Food project has empowered dozens of individuals with limited resources who are managing addiction and chronic mental health problems.


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An endangered Florida panther has died after being struck by a vehicle.
It's the seventh panther death attributed to fatal collisions, out of seven total deaths this year, according to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.
The remains of the 1-year-old female panther were found Friday along a rural road southwest of Clewiston in Hendry County, wildlife officials said.
A total of 27 Florida panthers were found dead last year, with 21 deaths attributed to vehicles, according to state records. That was up from 22 total deaths in 2020.
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Florida panthers once roamed the entire Southeast, but now their habitat mostly is confined to a small region of Florida along the Gulf of Mexico.
Up to 230 Florida panthers remain in the wild.
Copyright AP - Associated Press


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Generally, most regions have a semi-standard or standard set of symbols that is used to denote electrical wiring devices, such as switches and receptacles, on building electrical plans/blueprints. A representative subset of symbols used in North America is shown below, for those who are not familiar with the symbology used here.
However, none of the sources I have been able to find in my (admittedly limited) research have depicted a symbol for an electrical inlet, such as the ones used when houses are fitted so that a portable generator can provide standby power through some sort of transfer means.
Is there such a symbol, either in a standard somewhere or as a de facto convention? Or, am I left with simply using a symbol for a specialized receptacle (not shown above, but there are de facto quasi-standard symbols for such out there) and then using a note to denote that it is an inlet of a certain type?