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How Schools Create Inequality: California in the Algebra for All Era
Greater educational opportunities do not necessarily lead to equal opportunities, but little research considers organizational sources of educational inequalities during expansion. Drawing on 2003-2013 panel data for California middle schools, this talk assesses school-level variation in course-taking gaps during the rapid expansion the "Algebra for All" effort. Aggregate trends obscure two organizational influences on inequality: how widely opportunities are provided and how unequally existing opportunities are allocated. Local organizational inequality regimes contribute to maintaining relative social inequalities even as absolute opportunities increase.


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Design | Fullfilment | Production
Joint Commission
Education events with a splash of color.
Project: 2020 Event Calendar
Joint Commission is a long standing client for CGM. We have been involved for years on working with JCR on print production, mailing services, and ad specialties. For the 2020 calendar, JCR asked CGM to add a little punch to the design! Doug Pajeau reformatted the new calendar, added some more color and punch, and produced a result that really hit the mark! An added benefit to the new format was a cost savings in print production, mailing service, and postage!

subset: commoncrawl


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October 10, 2019 | Fantasy Planning Yields Financial Disappointment
Each week I encounter nice people with deeply flawed retirement plans. Many have been aided into misguided thinking by financial-sector marketing and salespeople, planners, even their accountants. This is a problem because faulty assumptions in money management tend to end in a nightmare. Working with sober return and withdrawal expectations is the best antidote, and that means facing facts as they are rather than as we wish them to be. Appreciating that investment conditions have changed over the last 30 years is an important place to start. Here's a recap:
Principal secure, interest-bearing assets, with defined rates and maturity dates– bonds, bank deposit certificates and accounts–have long been acknowledged as the most appropriate place to build and hold savings for individuals. Up until the early 1990s, they were also considered prudent for the bulk of funds held in pensions, insurance companies and other essential institutions too. Payouts (liabilities) were provided by prescribed contributions, and the reinvestment of income payments received (the engine of compound growth).
In the 1980s, rates on government bonds and guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) in Canada averaged more than ten percent a year. At 10% yields, one could withdraw or payout 5 or 6% a year in retirement and still leave 5 or 4% for reinvestment and compound growth. This allowed withdrawals to rise with the cost of living and not rapidly evaporate the principal.
In the 1990s, as rates moved lower, the same deposits now averaged just over seven percent a year. At that point, one could withdraw 5% annually in retirement and have a percent or two for fees and reinvestment (growth).
In the 2001 recession, central banks slashed base rates and government bonds, and GICs fell below five percent. By 2007, heading into the great recession, rates were less than four. A decade later, in 2017, the same assets were paying less than one percent.
By 2018, interest rates managed to move higher, and investment-grade notes yielded nearly 3%, before falling over the last year to two percent and less.
Notwithstanding present yields, most pension and individual retirement plans are still assuming compound returns in the 5 to 7% a year range, and calling their assumptions 'conservative'.
Wanting this dream, many have thrown safety to the wind and moved into principal-insecure equities and high-risk corporate debt (or funds and ETFs) where income may be 3 or 4% a year, and the next bear market is likely to knock 20 to 70% off current prices (100% should an individual issuer go bankrupt). Also, unlike interest payments that are contractually prescribed on bonds, dividends on equities can be cut at any time, when a company needs to.
This shift into high-risk assets has happened even where the owners cannot afford to lose money, nor spend years after that hoping to grow it back.
Also, those now holding risk and hoping to collect 3 or 4% a year in income are typically paying a percent or three in annual fees on these accounts (hidden and not) while still hoping to withdraw 4 to 6% a year in retirement. This math doesn't follow! Rational savers cannot afford to pretend that it will.
For most individuals, a wise course is to continue controlling risk and preserving liquidity–keep doing the right thing to protect capital. Steer clear of highly over-valued equity and corporate bonds, and stick with the most secure deposits even at low rates. Reinvest income and postpone withdrawals to not start before our mid-60's where possible.
If income withdrawals are needed now, they should be no more than 2% a year in present conditions, unless you plan to erode principal. Yes, 4 and 5% withdrawals used to be possible, but as I've explained above, they are no longer reality. Tell your loved ones. If your advisor is still telling you that they are, find a new one.
If 5%+ income withdrawals are necessary, annuities that can guarantee such payments for life may be an option for some, but you do give up claim on the principal to buy them.
For those who can keep financially disciplined in this environment, better yields lie ahead once equity and corporate debt markets fall into the next bear market. At that point, bargains are destined to be plentiful, and risk-assets investment-grade once more. But first, you need to get from here to there, very carefully.
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Danielle Park October 10th, 2019
Posted In: Juggling Dynamite
Next: The Cost of a Political Divide »


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Category Archives: Droopy Eyes
Perk Up Droopy Eyelids with Cosmetic Eyelid Surgery in Bucks County
If you are considering minor surgery for droopy eyes in Bucks County, contact the Center for Facial Plastic Surgery for a free consultation. Dr. Aaron Shapiro is a certified plastic surgeon who has experience with the eyelid lift Langhorne procedure … Continue reading
Fix Those Droopy Eyes and Take Years Off Your Age | Philadelphia
During the course of time, the effects of gravity become evident in all people. While these effects inevitably give the individual an aged look, those suffering from droopy eyes Philadelphia do have the option to combat this natural sign of … Continue reading
Lower Lid Blepharoplasty Eyelid Surgery in Philadelphia Explained
What Is A Lower Lid Blepharoplasty? A lower lid blepharoplasty is a procedure that is performed to remove puffiness from the lower eyelids. It can also remove excess skin. People who have puffiness and excess skin around their eyelids have … Continue reading
Rejuvenate Your Eyes with an Eyelid Lift | Philadelphia
A Philadelphia eyelid lift can restore youth and life to droopy eyes. The effects of age, sunlight, environmental toxins or heredity may cause upper eyelids to sag, making you look older than your years. Baggy, puffy lower eyelids can make … Continue reading
Get That Youthful Look Back to Your Eyes | Philadelphia
Maybe you've got droopy eyes, and you're looking for an eyelid lift. We offer several procedures that will help your eyes look and feel young again, so no more droopy eyes Philadelphia, you've found the place to solve your problems. … Continue reading
Eyelid Lift Philadelphia
Get that youthful, energetic look back in your eyes Maybe you've got droopy eyes, and you're looking for an eyelid lift. We offer several procedures that will help your eyes look and feel young again, so no more droopy eyes … Continue reading


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This is a guide to help integrate Bluecore into your Justuno promotion.
At a glance:
Last updated 8/31/2021
If you are already a Bluecore customer and have their javascript embed code already on your website, Justuno will automatically push the collected emails to Bluecore, no additional actions will be needed.
However, if you would like to add more events along with the email you can do so through our Bluecore integration setup. Follow these steps to find the Bluecore integration.
- Head to the integrations section of your promotion. Click 'options' , then 'settings', then click on 'integrations':
- Click 'configure' on the Bluecore integration:
- This is where you will want to enter your Bluecore information:
- After making the changes click save on the Bluecore module.
- Make sure to save and publish the entire promotion and you should be all set!
Visit Justuno @ justuno.com


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A Perfect Day for a Bike Ride |
Thousands enjoy the Skyride in Hounslow
I admit to being a fair-weather cyclist, and a nervous one and I haven't felt confident on the roads for a very long time but that changed today (Sunday 9 August) when my daughter and I joined the Mayor of London's mass Skyride cycle. Starting at Ealing Town Hall and marshalled by Ealing Cycling Campaign members we knew we were in good hands. It's so much nicer pedalling along with gangs of others, and car drivers seemed far more respectful. There were many more of us than them for a change - at least 150 from Ealing and thousands more joined at different stages of the route. There were all sorts of people; old, young, big, small, experienced cyclists and a fair few novices like me. It was great to see families and little ones on their bikes too. Various roads were closed for the day and so we arrived at Osterley Park in no time at all. It didn't take long before we reached our destination at Syon, we sat down and had a well earned break. Touring the area on two wheels instead of four made me realise how very lucky we are to live so close to such beautiful parks. Perhaps we will make better use of them in future. We had perfect weather conditions - sunny with a little breeze - all in all it was a very pleasant trip. For a rather unfit mum I reckon I did rather well. Despite a few uphill moments I kept moving alongside the younger, fitter daughter and we both really enjoyed the experience. Hopefully we can repeat it again soon - Boris, how about closing the roads to cars once every month? With many thanks to all the marshals who kept us going en route and to Ealing Cycling Campaign. Annemarie Flanagan August 31, 2009 |


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Enter your details below to become a Port Douglas VIP.
Become a Port Douglas VIP today & WIN a Weekend Escape. Winner packages announced by email every month.
Get first access to VIP event tickets, special dining packages, last minute accommodation and limited access experiences by joining VIP.
VIP Members will be given the opportunity to accumulate Port Douglas points when booking accommodation, travel, tours, dining and more each visit to Port Douglas. These points will enable savings to be made on the visitor's next trip to Port Douglas.
Welcome to Port Douglas Backpackers
"Come get lost in paradise"
The Port Douglas Backpackers Crew make it our mission to give guests an amazing hostel experience and something that is a little bit different from the rest.
At our backpackers accommodation, we have created the perfect balance of good times and chilling out so you'll be able to party away balmy Port Douglas nights with your new friends but also get a good night's sleep when you need it.
Our hostel accommodation offers all of the amenities backpackers need like a laundry and kitchen, as well as all those extras you dream about having while on the road like:
Room Configurations
Deluxe Queen
Minimum Stay 1 Night(s)
Included Occupancy
2 Adults
Maximum Occupancy
2 People
Queen Ensuite
Minimum Stay 1 Night(s)
Included Occupancy
2 Adults
Maximum Occupancy
4 People
10 Bed Share Special
8 Bed Shared Dorm
6 Bed Shared Dorm
6 Bed Ensuite Female only


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In the event you discover any of your group members or workers indulging in some irresponsible act, attain the authorities on the earliest. Their act of foolishness can have adverse results on you as nicely. Simply think about visiting Rajasthan and your face brightens immediately. When you've got by no means been to Rajasthan before, waste no time in planning your tour. An expertise corresponding to this can be a should for everyone a minimum of once in your life.
With a plethora of plush luxury resorts and lodges in Negril you don't have to fret about your lodging issues. All these are available engaging discounts when booked via all inclusive travel packages which are out there on the web. Be certain to pick and independently-operated tour firm that hand picks one of the best of the most effective things to do within the Caribbean. If you are an avid nature-lover otherwise you go loopy about water sports, that is the place to be. One factor is for certain, that your body, mind and soul could be revitalized while surrounded by paradise.
What's vacation and why do we have to go for trip?
White nights seem like twilight at night time, which lasts for some weeks in June. Geographical location accounts for this phenomenon, as Saint Petersburg is situated within the northern part of Russia. White nights existence proves that the whole lot is devised by nature correctly. As an illustration, at such northern latitude vegetation grows slowly and round-the-clock light gives better conditions for progress, which is necessary for the area, the place summer is short.
San Juan, Puerto Rico is an intriguing US territory and a well-liked honeymoon trip stop. In New San Juan, you will find McDonald's and American cuisine, fancy hotel resorts, business districts and stylish bars. In Old San Juan, you may encounter an exotic mix of Spanish, Italian and South American influences which can be very a lot akin to Cuba. You'll see preserved 16th century structure, forts, vintage retailers, pastel buildings, cobblestone streets and beautiful cathedrals. Historical past lovers will recognize the El Morro fort, San Cristobal Fort, La Fortaleza, Catedral de San Juan and Museo Pablo Casals. The Bacardi Rum Manufacturing unit can add a bit of enjoyable to your romantic weekend and, in case you're feeling fortunate, attempt your hand on the Sheraton or Ritz-Carlton casinos. Waterfalls and wildflowers await a scenic stroll at El Yunque rainforest.
Crown Leisure Complicated and Federation Square
Every year, millions of individuals, couples, and families make the selection to schedule a trip. St. Thomas is a well-liked trip destination, sadly, a huge variety of individuals feel that a St. Thomas vacation is from their arrive at. If you're fascinated by scheduling a St. Thomas trip, you ought to not let the amount to be paid of vacationing there forestall you from vacationing at your dream vacation spot.
– Stopovers – Other than using the bathroom, make your stopovers a meals journey experience to try to discover the different food offerings from different space. Try to steer clear of the typical quick food places resembling McDonalds. Take this as a chance as an alternative to try out one thing new and exciting on your palette.
6.) Practice mentally every time you'll be able to. This nearly certainly some of the splendid ways to make full use of down time. Listed below are three essential spots that it would be best to have a look at. The Admiral Farrugut in Rhode Island, The Plantation in the Sequoias, together with the Maine Keep in Maine.


text: Profound lessons from orchestra conductor Kahchun Wong 07 Jan 2020 Orchestra conductor Kahchun Wong (Photo credit: Cezar Buliga) Kahchun's story will always stand out for sheer will and determination. What seemed like a pipe dream became possible when he found his talent and interest – and persevered. On stage, he's an internationally acclaimed orchestra conductor. Off stage, he's just a Singaporean making sense of the whirlwind he is in. At 33, Kahchun Wong is Chief Conductor of the acclaimed Nuremberg Symphony Orchestra in Germany – one of the few Asians leading a cultural institution in Europe. He has also been invited to conduct some of the finest orchestras abroad, including the New York Philharmonic, Czech Philharmonic and Royal Liverpool Philharmonic. However, life could have turned out very differently for the young man from Jurong West. Kahchun grew up in a Chinese-speaking family. He first picked up a musical instrument – a cornet – when he joined the brass band in Jurong Primary School. It was through playing in the school bands that Kahchun discovered his love for music. Kahchun himself has longed believed that if it were not for winning the Gustav Mahler Conducting Competition in 2016 (which changed his career trajectory), he'd still have been pursuing a profession in music. The Mahler competition is often seen as the Olympics of the conducting world. It's known as one of the toughest competitions, the way winners are graded and selected, with close to 400 international contestants. "I would have been equally happy working as a childcare teacher who's teaching children to sing, or a band instructor in a school. These are all possible careers that could have come my way, and I would respect any of my eventual professions or employers." It's a profound lesson, one of several, as Kahchun sees it. 1. If you have an aspiration, take a chance on it As a teenager, Kahchun continued to heed his first calling – playing the trumpet in the symphonic band through secondary school and junior college, and taking up the Music Elective Programme. "Over 12 years I spent in the band, I've met band instructors, conductors, and trumpet tutors who are very passionate about what they are doing; who showed me that it's possible to have a career in music. Beethoven, Mozart and this whole symphony orchestra thing came to me very late, only when I did O-level music." One biographically intriguing fact about Kahchun is that his A-level results earned him a place at a top UK university to study physics. However, he opted for a scholarship to study composition at the Yong Siew Toh (YST) Conservatory of Music at the National University of Singapore. "I come from a simple, working class family. To even think of going overseas without a scholarship, having to go to the bank and being in debt – that was out of the question. It helped that I was sort of clear that music was the one thing I wanted to do, and that my parents saw that I had a real drive in what I wanted to do, so they trusted me." "The year that I completed my national service in the SAF* Band was the year I auditioned at YST. When YST offered a scholarship to cover tuition, accommodation and allowance, it was a no-brainer." (*Singapore Armed Forces) 2. It's possible to do everything right and still fail After YST, he broke new ground by becoming the first recipient of the Lee Kuan Yew Scholarship by the Public Service Commission in 2012 in the field of arts and culture. This enabled him to pursue formal conducting studies in Berlin, Germany. So far, so good. But life was about to throw him some curve balls. "We need passion to fuel imagination. But we can't continue our passion without perseverance, and definitely not without failure." Kahchun was now in his second year of studying in Berlin, wondering about his future. "I started applying for jobs, as an assistant conductor or an intern in an orchestra. It must have been 100 to 200 applications, for sure. I didn't get a single one. "I submitted entries for over 30 competitions. You'd send a video and your resume to a secretariat, and from, say 200 applicants, they will select 15 to a live audition. That's the first round. There will be about four rounds to the finals, in which there will be a first, second and third prize. I was always rejected." But Kahchun never gave up. "We need passion to fuel imagination. But we can't continue our passion without perseverance, and definitely not without failure," he says. It was through playing in the school bands that Kahchun discovered his love for music. (Photo credit: Angie Kremer) He's smiling now, recalling the day he received the pivotal email from the Gustav Mahler competition in 2016. "It got to a point that whenever an email came in from a secretariat, I would say, 'Let me look at it in the morning, and not before I sleep.' The day I received that email from the secretariat of the Mahler competition, it was before my Chinese New Year reunion dinner. "I didn't want to open it because I didn't want to dampen my mood. After the reunion dinner, it was close to midnight when I went to my computer and told myself, 'Okay, let's get this done and over with.'" This time it happened. He landed an invitation to the Mahler competition in Bamberg, Germany. He went and won – the first Asian to do so – and his career began in earnest. 3. Always see things in perspective Now, Kahchun is practically everywhere. This year he has conducted the New York Philharmonic, Yomiuri Nippon Symphony, Deutsche Radio Philharmonie, and Royal Liverpool Philharmonic, just to name a few. These are guest engagements that occupy 15 to 20 weeks of his year. Kahchun devotes another 12 weeks to the Nuremberg Symphony Orchestra, which appointed him chief conductor (the first Asian at the helm) starting in 2018. "I have a lot of colleagues whom I trust and respect, who are still performing in their 70s, 80s, even a handful in their 90s. It's really just the beginning for me." The remaining time is spent studying music, preparing for rehearsals, and catching up on meetings and administrative work. Is his busy schedule a sign of a successful musician? Kahchun doesn't think so. "I have a lot of colleagues whom I trust and respect, who are still performing in their 70s, 80s, even a handful in their 90s. It's really just the beginning for me. "I do sit with my manager to come up with a strategy, to sort of say this is where we are now, and this is how I want to mature as a musician. But aside from that, I try to be as real as possible. "In a way, I'm very Singaporean. I want to consider every detail, and be more meticulous, more careful. I cannot get too comfortable. We can't always be happy and successful, and have all the good things come our way. All these have to balance out in the course of life." 4. Better to get what you desire in the right time Kahchun tries to come home as often as he can. In October this year, he conducted the Singapore Symphony Orchestra. This is the second time he has worked with them, since winning the Mahler Competition in 2016. On the programme was Rachmaninov's Second Symphony. Kahchun didn't say it, but Rachmaninov's masterpiece is long – 60 minutes – and requires considerable concentration to perform. It's a romantic epic with beautiful melodies and a whirlwind of a conclusion. It's a piece of music that Kahchun has studied until it is committed to his memory. He puts himself through this process to ensure that the music-making with the orchestra is as seamless as possible. This effort to master the masterpieces likely contributed to his win at the Mahler competition, which featured Mahler's Third Symphony, one of the longest symphonies ever written, lasting over 90 minutes. On winning the competition, Kahchun says, "I believe there is a right time for everything. I made sure I was ready for it when it came." 5. Inspiring others can inspire ourselves If gratitude is what Kahchun feels, then volunteering is how he shows it. "Another reason I'm back in Singapore regularly is because I volunteer at a non-profit centre in Ang Mo Kio, Child at Street 11. I meet around 60 kids, generally between 4 and 6 years old. They come from diverse backgrounds and households, some with special needs. If I can stop over in Singapore for a few days, that's where I'll be, working with these kids, singing and composing music." His ambition today is simple: make music as relevant to as many people as possible. "Art, music and culture should be readily available to people from a young age. Sure, music as a career is really tough. But people can take it on as a hobby, a way of emotional catharsis. Music is useful in shaping us as people with values of empathy, listening and mutual understanding. At the same time, it develops life skills, discipline and teamwork." "What I try to do in Ang Mo Kio, in the region, is to find opportunities to make music relevant to people regardless of who they are. For me, having access to music is a right, not a privilege." Last year, Kahchun received the Singapore Youth Award. In December, he was conferred Germany's Federal Order of Merit, in recognition of his role in bridging the cultures of Singapore and Germany through music. The order is Germany's highest tribute to individuals for services to the nation, and Kahchun became the youngest Singaporean and the first Singapore artist to be conferred the order. On 5 July 2020, he will bring together international and Singaporean musicians to perform Beethoven's 9th Symphony at the Esplanande Concert Hall, celebrating the composer's 250th birth year.


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The CNN Chief News Executive resigns over the blogosphere backlash against his alleged remarks against US troops in Iraq. NYTimes published an article on this today.
This is sobering to say the least. if a child is given the power of life and death over others, how soon it will be before a terrible mistake is committed? I have no doubt in my mind that blogs are going to play a major role in our society. I also have no doubt that blogging is in its infancy. Similar to any child, bloggers are pushing boundaries, testing limits and exploring the true extent of their power. However, just as mainstream media can make mistakes, bloggers can also make mistakes. However, the penalties for mistakes are very different. Blogging is an avocation for most of us; journalism is a vocation for most of journalists. If a journalist makes or seen to make a mistake, he or she loses credibility and as it turns out, increasingly the job too. If a blogger makes a mistake, he or she can just publish a mea culpa and get on with life. If you are a doctor in your professional life and by mistake become responsible for someone's death, should you be fired or have your license taken away? If you say that mistakes can happen and we should dig deeper before passing a judgement, why are we not applying similar rules to the journalists too? I don't believe this is fair or just by any means. Maybe it is time all of us do some serious introspection and acknowledge this power some of us have in our hands now.


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1999 to 2022 winners
Find out more about our innovative and inspiring former winners and how they are protecting the environment and encouraging a more sustainable society.
Misión Tiburón
Misión Tiburón were founded in Costa Rica in 2009 with the aim of promoting ocean conservation by integrating marine education and training projects with scientific research and social advocacy.
They have been working in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica, since 2010, where they promote environmental education, train government institutions in marine-resource protection, and reduce by-catch in fisheries. Their work identifying critical habitats for the critically endangered scalloped hammerhead shark led to the Costa Rican government creating the Hammerhead Shark Sanctuary of Golfo Dulce in 2018, which protects the wetlands used as a nursery area by the species.
Misión Tiburón's 'Protect and restore blue carbon sinks…' project aims to consolidate the engagement of local communities into climate action and promote activities based on the blue economy. It builds capacity and supports formal education for girls, considered one of the most powerful solutions to climate change.
"It is a great honour for me to receive the St Andrews Prize for the Environment on behalf of the organisation and all the people engaged with the project. Our project is at a crucial moment, and thanks to the prize we will be able to scale up the restoration project, ensure the capacity building of vulnerable groups, and engage different generations on climate action and ocean conservation. We will be able to accomplish our vision to save the critically endangered scalloped hammerhead shark and also, support the most vulnerable groups of our society, the ones who are dealing with the impacts of habitat degradation, biodiversity loss and climate change."
Ilena Zanella, Co-Founder, Misión Tiburón -
Snowchange Cooperative Finland
Originally founded in 2000, Snowchange Cooperative is a network of Indigenous and local-traditional communities working on cultural, environmental and science issues. They primarily support programmes in the boreal and the Arctic to advance Indigenous cultural issues and wellbeing, rewilding and ecosystem restoration, as well as landscape-scale restoration of community lands.
Using Indigenous and traditional knowledge alongside the latest science and research, their Landscape Rewilding Programme rebuilds community- and Indigenous-relevant lands, forests and waters into biodiversity hotspots, carbon sinks, carbon stores, and healthy environments.
The Arctic and the boreal ecosystems are hardest hit by rapidly advancing climate change, yet the northern peatlands and associated forests contain at least one third of the world's soil-based carbon. Using Indigenous and traditional knowledge alongside the latest science and research, the Landscape Rewilding Programme restores and rewilds landscape-wide degraded ecosystems, especially peatlands, in the boreal back to health. Biodiversity issues are immediately alleviated, carbon sinks start to refunction, and water pollution is reduced, improving the health and wellbeing of the communities.
"We bow humbly in receiving this Prize which we dedicate to the northern indigenous and community women who lead the Snowchange work. Rewilding landscapes in Finland using traditional knowledge and science matters for all of Europe because of the migratory bird flyways and large number of peatlands we can restore. Our work also ratifies Saami indigenous rights in practice, even though, unfortunately, they are still not recognised by Finnish Government. We hope the global society joins us in a broad alliance to protect the boreal forests and Northern ecosystems of Finland."
Tero Mustonen, President, Snowchange Cooperative
Conservation Through Public Health, Uganda
Conservation Through Public Health was founded on the belief that conserving wildlife must go hand-in-hand with the support of neighbouring communities. Applying a unique One Health approach, this visionary and innovative initiative bridges, synergizes, and integrates approaches addressing three of the world's greatest priorities: 1. Biodiversity conservation; 2. Health advances; and 3. Livelihood improvements for local communities.
Together with other partners, Conservation Through Public Health has not only made a significant difference, but it also serves as a scalable example for others to follow. Ultimately, 'Conservation Through Public Health' shows that, despite pressures facing humanity and nature, bold leadership, unique innovation, and courageous action can yield hope for a sustainable future around the world.
"It is a great honour to be selected first as a finalist and then a winner for this prestigious prize. This prize will enable Conservation Through Public Health (CTPH) to replicate a community-based health and conservation model that we have been championing for 16 years with the endangered Mountain Gorillas of Uganda's Bwindi Impenetrable National Park whose population is now showing a positive growth trend, to a different sub species of gorilla, the critically endangered Eastern Lowland Gorillas in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The prize will enable us to improve the health and livelihoods of communities who share a habitat with critically endangered gorillas and raise the international profile of 'One Health' as a holistic approach to achieving conservation and sustainable development."
Dr Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka, Co-founder, Conservation Through Public Health
Saathi, India
Saathi developed eco-friendly, 100% biodegradable and compostable sanitary pads, using agricultural waste from banana tree farmers as a raw material. The Saathi pads enable girls and women in rural Jharkhand to have access to clean, biodegradable menstruation products.
'It's an honour to be selected first as a finalist and ultimately as a winner for this prestigious prize. It's one of the few prizes that focuses on the environment and has a long history of amazing projects from around the world. Winning this prize will help us get more international recognition, raise awareness about improving feminine hygiene in India and reduce harmful waste created by sanitary pads. The prize money will also give us a significant boost in being able to scale up and purchase new machinery to be able to increase our capacity and reach 30 times more women.'
Kristin Kagetsu, co-founder of Saathi
The Mountain Institute, Peru
Healthy mountain ecosystems help buffer the impacts of climate change for local communities, wildlife and downstream populations worldwide. Mountain people rely on their surrounding environment for water, food, pasture and the raw materials that are the foundation of their livelihoods. Further downstream, towns and cities depend on mountain water for drinking, agriculture and industry.
Efforts to manage, conserve or restore natural environments can help people adapt to climate change by taking advantage of a healthy ecosystem's natural resilience.
In 2013, The Mountain Institute, Peru began working with communities in the Nor-Yauyos Cochas Landscape Reserve affected by increasing water scarcity. They discovered the existence of a vast, complex and partially abandoned hydraulic system to manage water in the alpine high-plateau, or puna. Initiated as early as 100 BC, these systems were used extensively until about 1532. Through a complex system of dams and open earth canals, the systems increased soil and ground water storage, creating niche plant communities for camelid herds, and improved water supplies to irrigation systems.
Based on the experience and evidence gained, the group propose to reduce the vulnerability of mountain communities to increasing water scarcity by restoring ancestral hydraulic systems and principles. Their objective is to increase the availability of tools, case studies, methods/information and building and strengthening the capacities of networks of scientists and indigenous organisations to co-design and implement the restoration of this ancestral water system.
'The Mountain Institute (TMI) is honoured to be the 2018 winner of the St Andrews Prize for the Environment. The award is recognition to the urgency to find solutions that, rooted in local cultures, secure mountain peoples' water and livelihoods. Our project will expand now to cooperate with dozens of communities in the Andes to restore ancient water technologies and mountain ecosystems. This is recognition to the work of a network of partners who are part of this effort, like the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) of which The Mountain Institute, Peru is a proud member. With the financial support that comes with the Prize, TMI will continue working with communities in the Nor-Yauyos Cochas Landscape Reserve, archaeologists and wildlife experts to scale-up the restoration of ancestral water technologies all over Peru and in other countries of the Andes in the future.'
Dr Jorge Recharte Bullard, Director of the Andean Programme, The Mountain Institute, Peru
Plantwise, Kenya
Led by the Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International (CABI), Plantwise is a collaboration working with over 200 partners worldwide at a local, national and global level to increase food security and improve livelihoods whilst improving the environmental outcome for farming.
By establishing networks of local plant clinics, where farmers can obtain agricultural advice from trained plant doctors, they can maximise their crop yields and farm incomes. Another objective is to reduce the amount of chemicals used by the farmers and the offshoot of the clinics is seeing a marked decrease in the amount of hazardous pesticides in use.
The clinics are reinforced by the Plantwise Knowledge Bank, a gateway to actionable on and offline information. The Bank collects data about the farmers, the crops and the pests affecting them, which is then shared with national stakeholders. This quick and cyclical flow of information means everyone can improve their knowledge and benefit from new discoveries, including Plantwise who can then develop targeted best-practice guidelines for managing crop losses.
Plantwise has to-date reached over 9.8 million farmers in 34 countries, with 79 percent seeing their crop yields increase after their clinic visit. Their aim is to be established in 40 countries by 2020. With plans to roll-out tablets to plant clinics in multiple countries across Africa, Asia and the Americas,
Plantwise is trying to improve the quality of the recommendations given to farmers, and the speed of data collection, allowing them to track outbreaks of pests, in real time.
"It's a privilege and an honour to win the 2017 St Andrews Prize for the Environment. The prize money will help scale up the use of our digital tools and applications, enabling plant doctors to make quicker and better diagnoses and recommendations. Improving the speed of data collection will help the both the farmers and the environment and more countries will be able to respond to emerging crop pests more promptly.
"We are grateful to our existing donors, whose support has enabled us to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers through sustainable agricultural practices on a global scale. The St Andrews Prize for the Environment represents an exciting opportunity to scale up our digital innovations without restrictions."
Dr Washington Otieno, Plantwise
Liter of Light, Brazil
As many as 1.3 billion people in the world and more than 3 million people in Brazil suffer from energy poverty. Liter of Light is a global open-source movement that provides sustainable lighting, free of charge to simple dwellings around the world. The simple device consists of a plastic bottle filled with water and bleach, fitted through the roof of a home to refract sunlight. The device provides the same amount of light as a 55 Watt light bulb and produces zero carbon emissions. The technology can also be upgraded with LED bulbs, solar panels and batteries to provide low-cost lighting at night.
There are still around 600 communities in the Amazon without a regular electricity supply and Liter of Light aims to bring its project to the riverside communities of Dominguinhos, Bararuá, Jacarezinho and São Jorge do Membeca in Brazil.
"We will now be able to expand our efforts in Brazil and bring light to those who need it most – families living in isolated riverine communities in the Amazon. Sometimes we don't realise how important light is for our lives, how it makes it possible for a child to read a book during the night, for parents to cook a meal or a doctor to treat the ill. This support from the St Andrews Prize for the Environment will help us improve peoples' lives and it will make a real difference within these communities."
Vitor Belota Gomes, President of Liter of Light Brazil
Winners 1999 to 2015
- 2015 Chimpanzee Conservation, Guinea
- 2014 Blue Ventures, Madagascar
- 2013 Elephants and Bees, Kenya
- 2012 Lion Guardians, Kenya
- 2011 BioLite, India
- 2010 Arsenic Removal From Water, Bengal
- 2009 SolSource, Himalayas
- 2008 Elephant Toilet, Malawi
- 2007 River, Fibre and Power, Philippines
- 2006 Maya Nut, Guatemala
- 2005 Pump Aid, Zimbabwe
- 2004 GPS Territory Mapping, Peru
- 2003 Barefoot Engineers, Himalayas
- 2002 Rice Farm Insecticide Spraying, Vietnam
- 2001 Lake Victoria Community Education, Kenya
- 2000 Olive Oil Waste, Palestine
- 1999 Reversing Environmental Degradation, South Africa


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"No one leaves home unless home is the mouth of a shark"
Faustin Twagiramungu addresses President Paul Kagame on the topic of Refugees.
Faustin Twagiramungu is a politician from Rwanda living in exile in Belgium. He was prime minister of Rwanda after the 1994 civil war until his resignation in 1995. He was the first head of government appointed after the Rwandese Patriotic Front captured Kigali. He continues to live in Belgium for safety purposes and so he can speak freely about the government of Rwanda. He is the President of the RDI-Rwanda Rwiza Party based in Brussels.
Twagiramungu stood as an independent candidate in the Rwandan presidential election of 2003. Running on a platform of full employment, regional security, and progressive taxation, he accused the government of attempting to silence his views. In the final count, he placed second (out of three) with 3.62 percent of the vote. He initially did not accept the result, claiming that the incumbent Paul Kagame was leading the country towards a one-party system. (Wikipedia)
Mr. Twagiramungu participated in an interview with this writer to further explain his position on the return of refugees and how the letter may be interpreted
He began by stating that the inspiration to write this letter to President Paul Kagame and declaration came from his own experience as a refugee and what has happened in his country since 1959. "We are a country of refugees from 1959 up to now and we think there is a reason for that. One, it is about politics and second it is a way we position ourselves and third, we do not have what you call in the Western world 'Political Space' and respect for human rights. That is why people don't want to stay in that country." Mr. Twagiramungu further indicated that that Rwandans do not want to return to Rwanda because they will not get their property back and they do not have freedom of speech. "We have 255,000 refugees in Congo. These are official figures, but I believe there are beyond 300,000." Mr. Twagiramungu references the 2010 Mapping Report, which provides details of how Kagame has killed thousands of Rwandans and Congolese in the DRC. He stated that if this Mapping Report went before a tribunal then it would be called genocide. President Kagame has clearly stated he does not care about the 2010 Mapping Report and stated it should be thrown in the trash.
Mr. Twagiramungu has spent 20 years as a refugee outside of Rwanda. He stated, "It is too much." He has a special compassion and focus on the children suffering in the camps in the Congo whom, he states, they have no school to go to and no access to a hospital. He went on to state that they are living is very difficult situations and have been forgotten by the UNHCR. He further reports that, "even the government of Congo does not care about them" and that Kagame does not want them all back. Mr.
Twagiramungu stated that when President Kagame travels abroad he does not ever mention the hundreds of thousands of refugees living abroad because he does not care about them.
When asked what would be required for refugees to return home beyond what he stated in the letter, he specified that it would require political change including democracy such as in Japan who has been replicating western values in their political systems after World War II. He believes if Africans can learn from these positive values then refuges would return home with more confidence of their safety. He referenced the developments of what has been happening in Nigeria where soldiers came into power then instilled democracy. However, he explains that instead of learning from these examples Kagame wants to "attack Burundi, he wants to attack Congo and he wants people to shut up when they are in Rwanda."
During the course of the conversation, Mr. Twagiramungu stated that he wishes Kagames powerful friends in Washington DC and other western countries would try to convince him of instilling democracy for the sake of Rwandans everywhere.
JF: In reading this statement from you to Kagame, it sounds like a declaration of war. Is that the intent you had when writing it?
FT: No. I would not take up arms against him but I believe other would take up arms in order to return home. "We can't just leave our country to those who came from Uganda shooting us up, no, no, no. We have to change." It is not my intention to declare war but to state that if things do not change at home, than others will use the method Kagame has used in order to return home. "If he was reasonable he would change his policies so people could go back home to their country. Frankly, I am not prepared to take up arms and fight against Kagame." Within 10 years or less people will demand to go home and may use any means necessary to do so. I am not afraid to say that. This memorandum is a first warning and if Kagame does not listen, we will follow up with a second warning. "Because of Kagames pretentious progress in Rwanda no one wants to tell Kagame what to do and what could be better for his country."
JF: Your statement reads quite similar to the Arusha Accords and the negotiation process that was ongoing at the time. Did you have that in mind when you wrote this memorandum to Kagame?
FT: The Arusha Agreement was not a bad idea but Kagame did not want to live under such an agreement because it did not give him total power. We had to go into genocide in order for Kagame to gain total power. It is sad. I did not want to mention the Arusha Accords but if he is intelligent enough, he should know what I mean. We cannot continue to let him lead the country as he is leading it today. We know there is progress but progress for whom? It is for his army and a few in governments but it is not development for all of the people. Dialogue is always needed in situations like these but African leaders do not like to talk. People do not express their feelings and they are not allowed to choose the leaders they want to choose. It is terrible. How long can we go on like this? Kagame likes the language of guns. It is the only language he knows. We do not believe he will read the memorandum but others close to him will and they will inform him of what is in it.
JF: On April 9, 2016, Kagame held a press conference in Kinyarwanda where he stated: "I wish we could be invaded and I show you. I am dying of anxiety — from waiting in vain for war." Do you believe he was referring to your memorandum and what you had proposed to him?
FT: Oh yes, sure. A few months ago, we made a video in Kinyarwanda discussing these same matters of refugees returning home. The Rwandan Government and the Rwanda media made a lot of noise about it saying, "Mr. Twagiramungu is threatening the country and he can even be taken to court." I believe I am entitled to make such kind of pressure because there are reasons to do that. First, is the question of refugees and second there is the question of massacres, and nobody cares about the assassination of President Habyarimana and other assassinations like Seth Sendashonga in 1998, and the assassination of Patrick Karegeya in South Africa. Yes, they talked about it for a moment but then they do not bring it up again because it is Kagame they don't care very much. They even came to kill me here and I had to have security in my house for protection.
JF: The historically cyclical nature of the refugee crisis that plagues Rwanda's history has mainly centered on Hutus fleeing then Tutsis fleeing and now more are fleeing based on political repression. The Hutu inside the country are severely repressed still and all Rwandans face oppression in the areas of freedom of speech and political space. In your opinion, what will it take for Rwandans to come together and break this tribal divisionism as Rwandans while respecting the tribal differences without oppression one to the other?
FT: First, Rwandans must read carefully their own history very carefully. The history we are told today is the history of white men, which I do not believe. The Tutsi believe they are decedents of Jewish tribes. We have been taught racism from the beginning that Hutu are made for farming only and that Tutsi are there to lead. Colonialists told us that. Now, Tutsi have taken back the power and they will not relinquish it to anyone. This can only end if we choose leaders who can simply who can stick to the African History. Meaning, we are black Africans, we speak the same language in Rwanda, Hutu and Tutsi do not have their own culture. We all have the same culture and we all speak the same language we have inter-married but you cannot speak about that in Rwanda today because Hutu are still considered genocidaires. These changes can only occur if politics is changed in Rwanda.
JF: Under Kagame, there is obvious oppression of Hutu and favor given to Tutsi. Was this the same under Habyarimana except in reverse? Did President Habyarimana give favor to Hutu and oppress the Tutsi?
FT: No, quite the opposite. He tried to give advantages to people from his region and under him, Tutsi owned many banks and businesses and lived nice lives. His only mistake was not to include Tutsi in public administration; he kept them in the private sector. He did not distinguish the people of Rwanda as such. His Coup d'état was for all Rwandans. He did make the mistake of saying there was no room in Rwanda for refugees to return home and so they returned home by force. Frankly, I believe they were right to do so. Their home was Rwanda no matter what the population number is. Habyarimana was not opposed to Tutsi, he was only opposed to over population of the country.
JF: What do you believe would happen if the refugees living in the camps in Eastern DRC returned to Rwanda without some form of agreement in place? Due to the forced return of many refugees after the war ended in 1994 and many of them being charged with crimes simply because they fled, then there must be a culture of fear in the camps about returning to Rwanda.
FT: Kagame does not address the refugees in DRC. He believes they are all members of FDLR and therefore are genocidaires. Approximately 10 per month are coming back but they have to confess and apologize even if they have done nothing wrong. Yes, there is a culture of fear but those who are older are not many. The youth are who are living in the camps now, not those who fled in 1994. These young people cannot be accused of being involved in genocide today because they are too young.
JF: You discuss a plan for a "provisional pluralistic transitional government" that needs to be in place before refuges can safely return home. What type of government are you referring to in that statement and who should be involved in it? Also, were there any other political parties approached to join you in this statement?
FT: No, I do not want to be a part of the transitional government at all. I am simply giving advice to Kagame. I am 70 years old now and I am fighting for my dignity and the dignity of my children. A transitional government will simply clean up and try to write a new constitution, not a constitution that centers on genocide and limits freedom of speech. I do not see why Rwandans do not know how to live together. Rwandans themselves do not know the history of Rwanda. Since the colonization of Rwanda by the Belgians in in 1920's the behavior of Rwandans has changed. Before colonization, Rwandans did not act the way they do now. We have to be cured of this malady. The Belgians gave us the concept of race, "Hutu and Tutsi and Twa." No other country has races like these in Africa. They have tribes or ethnic groups but not race. We all come from a group called the Bantu. We speak the same language and have the same culture.
Respect for human rights and democracy in general is requirement for a transitional government. The country was taken under a political coup with President Habyarimana and then again by Kagame in 1994. Rwandans have lived under the rule of soldiers for far too long and another 20 years or until 2034 is too long.
After publishing the memo, other parties agreed with me but did not want to write such a potentially dangerous document. The other groups are not as brave as we are so they would not sign on with us. Some would state they have family in Rwanda and they would not want them harmed by such a document. We cannot continue to fear the retributional violence of Kagame. We wrote the memorandum as an example of what happened in 1990 but today we are not in a position to do so.
JF: You state at the end of your memorandum, "with the risk that Rwandan refugees took up arms to assert their right to repatriation, it would be equally legitimate in 2016." Are you aware of any group that is currently in the planning stages of returning home by force?
FT: That is a very good question. I do not know of any group at all. I cannot pretend that the FDLR could take up arms and attack Rwanda. They have been waiting for 20 years to attack their own country but these people are disorganized and cannot pretend to attack Rwanda now. They are not in a position to do so. The RNC are clever but I do not think they will take up arms to fight the regime of Kagame. What they can do is continue to put pressure on Kagame through diplomatic channels. Only the future will tell us. Do we have to continue to be spectators of what is happening in our own country? There is a time when people will decide and that is the intention of this memo. People in Rwanda must judge if this memo contains any particular subject, which can take us to a bad situation, or not. They cannot laugh at it because they have to consider it as a fact. It is a fact that Kagame reacted this way in 1994 so why is it not a fact that others can make that choice in 2016? The future will tell.
Writers Note: As an opportunity for full disclosure, this writer edited the English version of the memorandum at the request of the RDI-Rwiza party. Further, some of the answers above have been condensed for space and clarity.


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Due to the recent violence in Charlottesville, VA, people are questioning whether or not the country should keep its Confederate memorials. One such memorial is in Fort Mill and was created in 1895 in honor of the black american slaves that stayed true to the Confederates during the Civil War. Many argue it's a vital part of history and no matter the opinions, they want the memorial to remain.
Fort Mill has Confederate monument to slaves. Black descendants want it to stay.


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Ambiki EMR - Plan of Care (POC)
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Introduction: Keypad Password - Project 1
In this project, I used the 4x4 keypad to create a program that allows the user to enter a password and a green LED will light up if correct, and a red LED will light up if incorrect.
The items need are as follows:
- Arduino Uno
- Breadboard
- Jumper Wires x 13
- 220 (Ohm) Resistors x2
- Red and Green LED
- Membrance Switch Module 4x4 Keypad
Step 1: Step 1: Add the LEDs
- Place both LEDs to the breadboard
- Connect the smallest lead of both LEDs to the ground rail with a Jumper Wire
- Connect the 220 (Ohm) Resistor to the long lead
- Now, connect the long lead of both LEDs to the Arduino using a Jumper Wire
- Red = pin 13
- Green = pin 12
- Finally, connect a Jumper Wire from the ground rail on the breadboard to the GND pin on the Arduino.
Step 2: Step 2: Add the Keypad
- Connect the 4x4 Keypad to the Arduino
- Start connecting the keypad with Jumper Wires to pin 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, and 2 on the Arduino
This step is super easy and now to move on to the code.
Step 3: Step 3: the Code
Here's the code for the program. It will turn the Green LED on and print "Access Granted" on the serial monitor when the correct password is entered. When an incorrect password is entered, the program will turn the red LED on and print "Incorrect Password" to the serial monitor.


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Fodor's Expert Review Susuwe Island Lodge
Caprivi Strip, Zambezi, Namibia
Editor's Note: This location is no longer in operation.
This is classic Africa, a solid structure of wood and stone built before the designer-chic lodge invasion. This six-chalet lodge–completely upgraded in 2014–is at the eastern end of the Caprivi Strip (before the strip broadens and widens on its way to Botswana) on a small island in a teak forest in the Bwabwata National Park. Here, the deep, clear waters of the Kwando River lap the island's edges, and swamp boubous whistle their melodious calls. Take the time to climb to the highest viewing deck—up in that bird-rich canopy your inner spirit will be restored. A brass lizard, frozen in time, scurries up a wooden stair rail, while a long-lashed giraffe with bead earrings adorns the outside of one door. Two mokoros act as bookcases; a tiny, tiled elephant watches you from a corner of the stone floor; and in your emperor-size chalet, you'll find candles in carved logs, faded kilims, and a personal plunge pool beside the rushing river. This river trip is one you won't likely forget. Though elephants are around, this is not Big Five country; it's a place to unwind, which is a perfect way to end a safari.
- more than 8,000 elephants and other exciting game inhabit this area, which is a mix of savanna, wetlands, and woodlands
- game drives, boat cruises, and walks are all included
- each suite has its own lounge, private plunge pool, and river-facing deck
- some game-viewing vehicles lack canvas canopies
Rate Includes: All-Inclusive, Credit cards accepted


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The sad decline of "refute"
From the 16th century until about 40 years ago, "refute" had only one definition: "to disprove by reasoned argument or evidence."
Linguists began to complain in the 1960's that "refute" was increasingly used as a synonym for "deny." Evidence or argument was no longer required.
The latter usage became widespread in the news media in the past decade — so widespread, in fact, that it is now included as a second definition in many dictionaries.
Of course, plenty of errors and malapropisms have found their way into common English over the same period. The nonsensical malapropism "hone in" (sharpen inward?) is now universally substituted for the original "home in." The misspelled "supercede" is now an acceptable substitute for the original "supersede." Words ending in "own" are increasingly pronounced as two syllables, i.e. "known" sounds like "knowen," "shown" sounds like "showen."
But unlike those harmless cases, the redefinition of "refute," which conflates reasoned argument with simple denial, can be seen to symbolize the general decline of reasoned argument in the Anglophone world over the past generation.


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centrotherm photovoltaics 2011 company movie
http://www.centrotherm.de/enncentrotherm has been developing and realizing innovative thermal solutions for over 50 years. As a leading and globally operating technology group, we offer production solutions for the photovoltaic, semiconductor and microelectronic industries.nThe continuous further development of our successful solutions in thermal processing and coating, such as for manufacturing crystalline solar cells and power semiconductors, form the basis for our successful partnerships with industry, research and development.ncentrotherm furnace productionnOur customers worldwide appreciate our production systems' process stability, scalability and availability in mass production. Above and beyond this, our work is distinguished by the fact that we create high-end process technology solutions which are specific for our customers and tailored to their requirements, and the fact that we are outstanding in system building.nWe jointly confront the daily challenges of setting new trends, maximizing the efficiency of producing, for example, solar cells and semiconductors, and, coupled with our long machine durations, of securing investments.nIn this way, we generate valuable competitive advantages for our customers through targeted innovations to processes and production solutions.nOur around 800 staff worldwide are committed to the further development of high-tech solutions for key markets.
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PSI Image Movie
PSI AG develops and integrates complete solutions, on the basis of its own software products, for the management of energy networks (electricity, gas, oil, heat), production management (metals, automotive, mechanical engineering, mining, logistics) and infrastructure management for transport and saf


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8 power-dressing rules from fancy business women in '80s movies
There was a time when you couldn't overtake a boardroom or blow your boss's mind with an advertising pitch without big hair and shoulder pads. That time was the '80s…in movies.
As women in real life were fighting for equal rights in the workplace and moving up the corporate ladder, women in films like Big Business, Baby Boom and Working Girl were mirroring their successes. Only they did it with a wardrobe dreamed up by Hollywood—and Hollywood can get creative. Get ready to learn eight rules of '80s power-dressing from fictional ladies whose looks can only be defined as business not-so-casual.
Rule #1: When it comes to dressing for an important presentation, remember one thing: the bigger the hat, the more memorable you will be. (Big Business)
Rule #2. Perfectly matching your accessories to your blazer shows how organized you are. (Baby Boom)
Rule #3. Bright-colored, oversized glasses will show everyone that you mean serious business. (Working Girl)
Rule #4. Always color coordinate your entire outfit to your electronic device. (She-Devil)
Rule #5. There's no such thing as going overboard when it comes to accessories in the workplace, and that includes netted hats and multiple strands of pearls. (The Great Muppet Caper)
Rule #6. Your most loyal co-workers will be the ones that share your affinity for a well-coiffed perm. (9 to 5)
Rule #7. The most efficient assistant is one that can work a blunt bob with bold spectacles. (Ghostbusters 2)
Rule #8. Finally, shoulder pads will hold the key to ALL of your success. (Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead)


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Tomić, Bojan and Strancarić, Sandra (2014): Organizacijski aspekti računovodstvenih informacijskih sustava i njihova važnost. Published in: Računovodstvo i financije No. 7 (July 2014): pp. 38-40.
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Daily we are confronted with the companies problems in acquiring or maintaining competitive advantage. By Croatian accession to the European Union that struggle became more pronounced. However, competitors can be only high-quality and successful companies, and many business decisions depend on managers. It is necessary to have quality accounting information to make such imprtants decisions. Accounting must be organized in such a way that at any moment it can produce any kind of information relevant for management. Selection and implementation of an information system is certainly one of the most important decision that a business entity can bring. Impact of the quality of accounting information systems (AIS) on the quality of accounting information and the impact of realization of the same information, is the topic of this paper. What happens when a big company applies modular rather than integrated AIS and how to solve problems which arise in the application of accounting harmonization with the actual situation, the factor of human error during manual entry, untimely availability of certain resources and information, and at the end of analytical records of compliance by individual accounts synthetic records in the general ledger. The main issue of this paper is finding possible answer in introducing modern integrated business information systems (ERP systems) as a solution of the problem for large IT companies. The conclusion shows that the system of internal controls and information and communication technology are essential component of AIS. If the company wants to operate efficiently and concurrently, it is necessary to find and integrate RIS highest quality in order to improve long-term business.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
Original Title: | Organizacijski aspekti računovodstvenih informacijskih sustava i njihova važnost |
English Title: | Organizational aspects and importance of accounting information system |
Language: | Croatian |
Keywords: | RIS, ERP sustavi, informacijski sustavi, modul kupaca i dobavljača |
Subjects: | M - Business Administration and Business Economics ; Marketing ; Accounting ; Personnel Economics > M4 - Accounting and Auditing M - Business Administration and Business Economics ; Marketing ; Accounting ; Personnel Economics > M4 - Accounting and Auditing > M41 - Accounting |
Item ID: | 57006 |
Depositing User: | Mr. Bojan Tomić |
Date Deposited: | 11 Jul 2014 05:43 |
Last Modified: | 21 Oct 2019 06:49 |
References: | Friedlob, G. Thomas & Plewa, Franklin James: Understanding balance sheets, John Wiley & Sons, NYC, 1996, ISBN 0-471-13075-3 Kolanović, F.: Odabir poslovno-informacijskog sustava (ERP), RRiF br. 5/2007., UDK 007/659.2, Zagreb, 2007. Mamić Sačer I., Žager K.: Računovodstveni informacijski sustavi, Hrvatska zajednica računovođa i financijskih djelatnika, Zagreb, 2007. Oldroyd, David & Dobie, Alisdair: Themes in the history of bookkeeping, The Routledge Companion to Accounting History, London, July 2008, ISBN 978-0-415-41094-6 Oldroyd, David: The role of accounting in public expenditure and monetary policy in the first century AD Roman Empire, Accounting Historians Journal, Volume 22, Number 2, Birmingham, Alabama, Decembar 1995. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/57006 |
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Organizacijski aspekti računovodstvenih informacijskih sustava i njihova važnost. (deposited 07 May 2014 17:24)
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MSK Soft Tissue and Joint Injection therapy
Musculoskeletal (MSK) soft tissue and joint injection therapy is practised by a healthcare professional such as a physiotherapist or doctor. It provides anti-inflammatory and pain relieving substances in the form of an injection to the joint or tissue where the pain is originating, this can include a steroid such as hydrocortisone, which is used to ease pain and reduce swelling, and is often combined with a local anaesthetic.
The joints that are most often injected are shoulder, elbow, knee, hand, wrist or hip. Soft tissue or joint injection can be effectively used for issues of osteoarthritis, tennis / golfer's elbow, frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis), and tendon pain (including tendonitis / tendinopathy), plantar fasciitis and bursitis, for example.
The injections will usually start to work within a few days, although in some cases they can work within hours. They work by slowly releasing the medicine into the joint and surrounding tissues, meaning that often a single injection can give good pain relief and improved range of movement or functionality in the affected area for several months.


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Wisconsin fired head coach Paul Chryst on Sunday after a 2-3 start to his eighth season leading the school where he played, in the city where he grew up.
The surprising move comes a day after Wisconsin lost at home 34-10 to Illinois and former Badgers coach Bret Bielema.
Chryst is 67-26 since taking over as coach of the Badgers in 2015 after being hired away from Pittsburgh.
But the program has been backsliding. Chryst had double-digit win seasons in four of his first five years at Wisconsin and had gone 15-10 since.
Chryst, the 56-year-old Madison native, has four years left on his contract. He was set to make $5.25 million this season.
Defensive coordinator Jim Leonhard, another former Badgers player, was named interim coach. The 39-year-old former NFL defensive back has been part of Chryst's staff for seven seasons and considered one of the top assistant coaches in the country.
The in-season coaching move was the fifth already this season, and second of the day. Earlier Sunday, Colorado dismissed Karl Dorrell.
But none of the changes have been as unexpected as Wisconsin's.
The program has been built on stability for more than three decades since Barry Alvarez turned it around in the 1990s.
Chryst, who payed quarterback for the Badgers in the late 1980s, was an assistant and offensive coordinator under Alvarez and Bielema.
The Badgers' offense, built on a powerful running game and efficient passing, has often looked stale over the last three years and struggled against better competition. Wisconsin managed only 2 yards rushing against Illinois, the program's lowest total since 2015.
After losing to Illinois at Camp Randall Stadium for the first time in 20 years, Chryst said he was undeterred and looked forward to getting a chance to fix the problems.
"Do you want to be better? Absolutely. And you just want to focus on the things that you can do to help move the needle, help our players and assistant coaches," he said. "So I didn't think it's going to be easy, and yet I believe in this group and I like this group. I appreciate where they're coming from and how they go about it. I look forward to each day I get to be with them.
"We get to be together again, and we've got to roll up our sleeves and continue to go to work."
More AP college football: https://apnews.com/hub/college-football and https://twitter.com/AP_Top25. Sign up for the AP's college football newsletter: https://bit.ly/3pqZVaF


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More than 150 Islamic State fighters surrendered to Afghan security forces in the northwestern province of Jawzjan after they were defeated and driven out by the Taliban, Taliban and government officials said on Wednesday.
The defeat represents a major setback for the group, which first appeared in eastern Afghanistan around four years ago and which had gained a foothold in southern Jawzjan, where it fought for control of smuggling routes into neighbouring Turkmenistan.
"The evil phenomenon of Daesh has completely been eliminated and people have been freed from its tortures in Jawzjan province of Afghanistan," Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid said in a statement, using an Arabic term for the group.
The Taliban launched an offensive several weeks ago in Jawzjan against the group, which they oppose as much as they do the Western-backed government in Kabul and which has established an unmatched reputation for brutality.
Last month, General John Nicholson, the top U.S. commander in Afghanistan, welcomed the fact that the Taliban were fighting Islamic State, which he said had to be destroyed.
U.S. forces have launched air strikes against Islamic State fighters in Jawzjan in recent months, but the Taliban has rejected any suggestion of cooperation and accused the United States of trying to obstruct them.
The fighting prompted thousands of people to flee to the provincial capital of Sheberghan, where many gave shocking accounts of the brutality of Islamic State fighters and commanders in Darzab and Qush Tepa, the two districts they controlled before being driven out.
Mujahid said more than 150 Islamic State fighters had been killed and more than 130 captured by the Taliban with the rest surrendering to government forces rather than the Taliban.
Afghan government officials said 152 fighters from the Islamic State strongholds of Darzab and Qush Tepa surrendered to security forces in the early hours of the morning.
Mawlawi Habiburrahman, commander of Islamic State forces in the north, and another commander called Mufti Nematullah were among those who surrendered, they said.
Bands of Islamic State fighters have been increasingly active in northern Afghanistan in recent years, fighting the Taliban for control of resources and sparking alarm in neighbouring nations.
Government officials said the group's defeat in Jawzjan would ease concerns about its potential to expand and support militant activity outside Afghanistan.
"The worries of neighbouring countries, and the presence of Daesh groups on their borders, have now been removed," said Mohammad Reza Ghafouri, a spokesman for the provincial governor.


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General Writing Sample Task 1 #86
Tip for IELTS
Some verbs can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive. Be careful, as the meaning will often change depending on whether the gerund or infinitive is used. For example:
The woman stopped talking to her neighbour.
The woman stopped to talk to her neighbour.
In the first sentence, the woman finished talking to her neighbour. In the second sentence, the woman stopped what she was doing to go and talk to her neighbour.
We use a gerund after enjoy but we don't use an infinitive:
They enjoyed meeting people on their trip.
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
Your next-door neighbour likes to listen to music late at night. Because of the loud music, you often lose sleep.
Write a letter to the building manager. In your letter
- describe the situation
- explain the problems it is causing you
- offer at least one solution
Write at least 150 words.
Model answer
Dear Mr. Rockwell,
I have been living in this apartment building for six years now, and I have always been a responsible tenant. I am especially careful to be respectful of my neighbours in this building. I would like to bring your attention to a problem I am having with one of my neighbours.
Last month, Mrs. Somers moved into apartment 2A, right next door to me. She enjoys listening to music late at night, often after midnight. The music is very loud and I can easily hear it in my bedroom. It makes it very difficult for me to fall asleep. I have to get up at 6:00 A.M. in order to get to work on time, so this is a serious problem for me.
Since Mrs. Somers is new to the building, perhaps she isn't aware of the building rules about noise at night. I wonder if you would speak to her and remind her of this. Also, maybe you could post a notice in the lobby about the noise rule for all the tenants to see.
Thank you for your help.
Calvin Harris
(187 words)


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Pro Kabaddi 2018 Score, Puneri Paltan vs UP Yoddha, PKL Season 6 VIVO Pro Kabaddi 2018 Score Match Streaming, Star Sports 1 Hindi, Hotstar, Pro Kabaddi 2018 Score: Check out the Mark Table, 5 out of 7 matches in Zone A Gavakar is fourth, while Pune won 5 out of 9 at number 1. At the same time, if done by Zone-B, UP won 5 out of 5 matches, while Patna lost 2 out of 4 matches at sixth place.
The UP Warrior defeated Punari Paltan by 29-23 in the 32nd match of the sixth season of Pro Kabaddi League (PKL) here. This is the second win in the six matches of the UP and now it has reached number two in the points table with Zone X in Zone-B with 16 points. At the same time, Punari has suffered a fourth loss in 10 matches. Despite this, he is on top of Zone-A with 32 points.
Prashant Kumar Rai, who took the lead of 16-12 for half time till half time, eight, Shrikant Jadhav scored six and Captain Rishank Devidiga scored four points. The team achieved 18 points from Red, nine out of tackle and two additional points. For Punei Monu got seven, Nitin Tomar got five and Ravi Kumar got three points. The team made 14 names of the Red, five from the tackle and four additional points.
Bangalore defeated Haryana by 42-34: After two points behind in the first half, Bengaluru Bulls returned to Kamal in the second half and defeated Haryana Steelers by 42-34 in the 31st match of the sixth season on Wednesday. This is the third win in four matches of Bengaluru. At the same time, Haryana has suffered the sixth loss in eight matches. The team of Bangalore was behind here in the first half of the game played by Shivaji Chattrapati Sports Complex, but the team got a good return in the second half and took the game from 42-34.
[penci_related_posts title="You Might Be Interested In" number="4″ style="list" align="none" displayby="cat" orderby="random"]
For Bengaluru, Pawan Sahrawat tops the list with 20 points. Apart from them, Rohit Kumar scored eight points and Keeling Paidak scored two points. The team has 29 out of the Red, seven from the tackle, four out of the allout and two additional points. For Haryana Vikas Kandola scored 14 and captain Monu Gayat scored 11 points. The team has 28 out of the Red, four out of the tackle and two extra points.


text: Aloha! I need help with my Nitrite (not Nitrate) levels! Just the other day my fish were trying to kill themselves and each other, so I bought the "general" strips and saw that my Nitrites and Nitrates were thru the roof! So I did approx a 60% water change, vacuumed the heck out of the bottom (My husband and I were "killing them with kindness" with our overfeeding), added all the right water conditioners, pH adjusters, Nitraban, salt, some enzyme stuff to clear the cloudiness, and stresscoat. So, now it's been almost 3 days and while my Nitrates are in the "normal" range, my Nitrites are only a little bit better (still in the "danger" zone). Currently my pH is approx 7.2 (it was an ungodly 6.6 before!), and it appears (at least according to the strip) that my water is too soft and my Alkalinity low. The strips did not test for Ammonia. Some specs on the tank: 10gallon, filter, bubbly thing, heater (temp is currently 76 degrees), 1 rock, 1 fake plant, 1 live plant, 4 tiny snails that mysteriously appeared (yea I know, from the plant), and 3 mollies (2 dalmation and 1 black). Started to whole process on Jan. 15th. Is there anything else I can do? Is this the cycle I'm waiting on? 1 dalmation and the black molly appear healthy-ish...they are eating again and no longer trying to kill each other, but my other dalmation still seems a little punky. And what is good to use as a water hardener? I saw some items at the pet store and frankly I went cross-eyed trying to chose one. Ok, that's enough for now...HELP!!! ??? ??? ??? Christine


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Trying to do it all such as raising a family and working can be challenging in Reno Nevada, especially when your day isn't over when you come home from work. Did you know that hiring a cleaning service call solve your house cleaning issue?
Looking for a Cleaning Service
According to an article from spongeandsparkle.com,
"One big challenge you face these days is the complete cleaning of your very own home. It is an extra task that you do regularly during the weekends. Parts of the routine you perform generally make you so worn out when you are busy working at an office during the week. Did you ever think of someone who can do the cleaning for you so you're able to unwind during the weekends and have that recreational with the family? Do you ever want to come home to a house that's been cleaned to your total satisfaction? If you do, now is the time to think about a maid service. This is the ideal solution for your cleaning issue. A house cleaning service will do all the traditional cleaning such as dusting, scrubbing, blind cleaning, wall cleaning and other forms of traditional cleaning jobs."
Professional Cleaners Reno, NV
If you need the best and most professional cleaning service in Reno, NV, get in touch with White Lotus Exquisite Home Cleaning. To learn more about the services we offer, contact us at (775) 856-2345 or fill out the form below.


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Don't forget – sign up for our free daily newsletter to stay in the activist investing know. Dan Loeb launched Third Point with just $3.5 million in friends and family money way back in 1995. This after working at the likes of Warburg Pincus, Jefferies and Citigroup.
Today the hedge fund giant has some $17 billion in assets under management, having netted about $12 billion in capital gains. And outperforming the S&P with a 20.5% CAGR – versus the S&P's 9.1% over the same period.
Per Dan Loeb's recent (2Q) Third Point investor letter [linked here], Dan Loeb really highlights value he and his fund have created for investors, and in particular, shareholders in general.
Loeb does take issue with powerful union bosses, politicians and candidates, a certain asset management executive, ivory tower types, and any others that have called that activism short term in nature. Two of the biggest bullshitters in Loeb's eyes are Hillary Clinton and BlackRock's Larry Fink.
Clinton has termed activists as "hit and run" investors and Fink has written an open letter taking activism to task.
Someone is lying.
Loeb points to support from Japan's Prime Minister Abe and Abe's push for better corporate governance. Governance and activism is been used by the Japanese government as a tool to encourage economic momentum and wage growth.
Today's activists are being unfairly compared with the corporate liquidators of 1980s.
Contrary to Clinton's beliefs, Dan Loeb is adamant that he is not Gordon Gekko. Yet, activism has ushered in an era of mega buybacks and dividend increases, being fueled by cheap debt. And we have R&D spending and long-term projects being cut.
That type of activism, cut spending to drive future growth in order to boost the stock today buybacks, is still something that Loeb can't get away from. It's like a drug, as is buybacks. Once you start, it's hard to stop. Ask IBM, which has been a buyback machine over the last decade, something that's effectively killed the company.
Learn More about activist strategy
Case in point, Loeb finds Allergen extremely attractive. Saying that Allergan's mission to be a growth focused pharma company with attractive long-duration assets is great, but they need strict expense controls to avoid high-risk and undisciplined R&D spending. If this $130 billion company is going to hit the brakes on R&D spending for new drugs, is there any hope for the rest of the industry?


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Recommended by box customer Lucy,
"thanks for the pomegranate in my box this week. Here is the salad I will be making with it. I tend to chop the apples into slices rather than cubes as it looks prettier. This uses abundant apples up at this time so we've been eating this salad a lot! The secret sumac ingredient was new to me when I first bought the book but it's readily available in supermarkets."
Thanks for sharing the recipe Lucy. From Sirocco by Sabrina Ghayour.


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Loans for unemployed is the best way for jobless people to get instant funds. Many lenders provide loans without any credit check and hidden fees.
Survival for a person, who has lost a job, is getting difficult day by day. Without any suitable monetary resource, it is tough to manage all expenses such as paying bills, rent, etc. It becomes worse when you need an urgent fund to solve your problems like car servicing, home renovation or medical emergency. And you find hard to get help from any of your relatives or friends.
This is a phase most of the people have experienced in their life. And no one can deny that this one is the worst phase of their life. But we all know that every problem has its solution. Many online lenders come with an idea to give support to your financial status to some extent. They are providing loans for unemployed people.
Read the full blog to know more about this loan.
What are the loans for unemployed?
If you lose your job and you need urgent funds to improve your financial situation, you can apply for the loan mainly designed to give financial help to one who loses the job.
Many money lending agencies are providing easy and quick loans to unemployed. There are so many types of unemployed loans. Let's have a look at them.
Quick Loans: This one is the best way to get an instant loan. You will get approval in a minute and you can use funds in your way. But it would be better if you use them to recover from debts or for your interview expenses. As part of this lending, you can also seek for payday loans.
Personal Loan: You can apply for a personal loan for unemployed and lender will give you approval on the same day followed by fund disbursal assured on time. You don't have to mention the purpose behind the loan.
Can you apply for unemployed loans with bad credit?
There are so many incidents happened where you find difficult to repay the loan on time. And this affects your credit score badly. You find difficulty to get loan approval because lender finds risk to give you funds. But in case of loan for jobless, credit score does not matter, you can apply for unemployed loans with bad credit where no guarantor is required. And you won't have to pay no fees after getting the loan approval.
Can you apply for an unemployed loan with no guarantor?
Yes, you can apply without any guarantor. There are FinTech Companies present who provide you a loans without guarantor with a lower interest rate but it would be better if you find someone ready to be your guarantee. This will give you some extra benefits. But don't worry if you fail to find someone; simply apply without a guarantor.
Benefits of loans for unemployed people
There are so many benefits you can get from these loans.
Any-to-many reasons: You can use your fund in your way. There is no need to mention the accurate reason. Provide a precise reason and get funds to control your situation.
Bad credit is not an issue: You can apply even you have a less-than-stellar credit score. But if your repayment history is good then you will get loan approval easily with a competitive interest rate.
Without any guarantor: You read in the above paragraph that you can apply for the loan without any guarantor. Though having a guarantor can help you to get a loan with the best interest rate.
Get fund while on benefits: Many money lenders provide loan to people on benefits. They do not charge any fees and you can get a loan with reliable repayment capacity.
Improve your credit score: This loan is an opportunity for those who want to improve the credit score. Their repayment time is flexible and you will repay on time then it affects your credit score positively.
If you make your mind to get this loan then you apply either by visiting the lender's office or by applying online. Nowadays no one opts for visiting the office because it seems time-consuming and demands unnecessary costs. It is better if you visit online lenders where it will take hardly a minute to fill the application and once they find details provided by you is fine then you will get a loan in a very short duration.


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On Yemen, Secretary of State Pompeo argued that "since America's begin to assist the Saudis in their campaign, the ratio of civilian casualties to effectiveness has decreased dramatically", also noting that "the Iranians have contributed zero dollars to humanitarian assistance". "I'm hopeful", Pompeo added, "that the Iranians will lose heart and that the Huthis will see that they can have a political role there".
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To design a robust IT infrastructure that meets the demands of rapidly changing trends and to counter increasingly sophisticated cyber-attacks, you need solutions that are innovative and relevant to your unique challenges. With a vast, resourceful technology portfolio, StarLink brings you a myriad of technology alliances and holistic solutions that addresses your Cyber & Cloud requirements.
StarLink Digital Summit: Web Series showcases a string of these solutions and much more, that provides Business-specific Solutions to our customers and the channel community.
Join us to stay informed and inspired!
Bookmark this page - more events to come!
Theme :
Date :
Time :
Shape Security: Fraud/Bot Mitigation and Integrated Bot Defense
27th January 2022
3:00 PM - 4:00 PM (UAE Time)
To know more aboutStarLink Digital Summit: Web Series, contact
Shally George : Solutions Marketing Executive - [email protected]


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Freight forwarder K+N sets the pace as air volumes soar
18 / 07 / 2017
Freight forwarder Kuehne+Nagel (K+N) saw airfreight volumes grow at almost double the market rate during the first half of the year, with performance improving during the second quarter.
The Switzerland-headquartered freight forwarder saw first-half airfreight demand increase by 18% year on year to 731,000 tons, while the overall market increased by around 10%. During the second quarter, demand increased by 20.9%.
K+N noted in the pharma, aerospace and perishables industries, while strong demand for industry specific solutions made a "significant contribution" to the improved figures. The company also noted strong exports from Europe and Asia.
First-half airfreight turnover increased by the lower amount of 13.7% year on year to Sfr2.2bn and earnings before interest and tax were up 2.7% on last year to Sfr151bn.
Profits in the first quarter and to a lesser extent the second quarter were affected by improvements in freight rates and the lag in passing these increases through to customers. Margin pressure is ongoing, the company said.
Overall, the company saw revenues increase 8.2% to Sfr8.8bn, earnings before interest declined by 0.6% to Sfr452m, and earnings were flat at Sfr356m.
K+N International chief executive Detlef Trefzger said: "The result of the first half of 2017 is a clear evidence of our growth-oriented business strategy as well as efficient cost management, which enabled us to counter the ongoing pressure on margins in seafreight and airfreight.
"The remarkable improvements of results in contract logistics and overland are mainly due to the successful implementation of our market strategies.
"During the second half of the year, we will continue to focus on volume growth, productivity increases and the scaling of industry-specific solutions."
K+N International chairman of the board of directors Joerg Wolle added: "The half-year results of 2017 reflect the continuous strength of our Group which makes us confident for its further development despite that seafreight and airfreight markets can be expected to remain demanding and volatile.
"Kuehne + Nagel remains committed to its proven strategy and continues to invest in growing markets and industry segments. With acquisitions, as the ones announced today, we are ideally complementing our organic growth and strengthen our position in a still fragmented market."
Earlier today, the company announced it had expanded its global perishables network with the acquisition of sector specialist forwarders Commodity Forwarders Inc in the US and Trillvane in Kenya.
Read more freight forwarder news


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90% & 40% US Silver Coins. 2021 1 oz Gold American Eagle PCGS MS 69 First Strike. Please note, this is one of the final American Gold Eagle coins to display the original reverse design. Bullion Exchanges now offers the certified. Is part of one of the most popular coin series in the world.
Coin collectors and gold enthusiasts may enjoy this new PCGS-certified release with the grade MS 69 and First Strike designation. This Gold Eagle coin was made from. 9167 pure gold and contains 1 oz of actual gold. Making it a respectable investment choice. Diversify your collection now with this 2021 1 oz Gold American Eagle PCGS MS 69 FS from Bullion Exchanges. Were widely collected wherever investors could find them. This coin bears the essence of the American legacy with its proud embellishment of universal American icons including Lady Liberty, the US Capitol, and the Bald Eagle. 2021 marks the 35th Anniversary of the program, and this might be one of the final 2021 Gold Eagles to feature the original reverse design! One of the final 2021 Gold Eagles with the original reverse design. 9167 pure gold, with an actual gold weight of 1 troy oz.Graded by PCGS as MS 69 with the First Strike label. Produced by the US Mint. Obverse: Lady Liberty with a torch in her right hand and an olive branch in her left hand.
She strides forward with the Capitol building in the background. Reverse: Showcases an eagle with an olive branch hovering above its nest while its mate and their hatchling wait in the nest below. Inscriptions include "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, " "E PLURIBUS UNUM, " "IN GOD WE TRUST, " along with the weight, purity, and denomination. Bullion Exchanges is honored to carry top US Mint coin programs, so in addition to grabbing this 2021 1 oz Gold American Eagle PCGS MS 69 First Strike , be sure to browse through our catalog! Please do not hesitate to reach out to our customer service agents with any questions. By purchasing from Bullion Exchanges, you are agreeing to all of our Terms and Policies. Bullion Exchanges reserves the right to refuse or cancel any order reviewed by our Compliance Team, which are deemed questionable or have increasing potential risk for being fraudulent. All customers are subject to a review at our own discretion, in which additional information, identification and/or documentation, may be requested. A prompt response would help expedite the fulfillment of your order. Packages are no longer insured if the tracking information shows the package is delivered. We will only be liable to cover packages that are lost in transit or damaged. There are no exceptions to this policy.Once an order is placed, it cannot be modified or cancelled. Using high definition digital video, we record the packing of our products to affirm accuracy. Bullion Exchanges reserves the right to refuse or cancel any order reviewed by our Compliance Team, which are deemed questionable or have potential risk for being fraudulent.
The submission of an order and subsequent receipt of a confirmation locks in your order and affects our metal hedging requirements and thus we are unable to make any price adjustments. Our in-house numismatist staff assign conditions to all products.The condition assigned to the products is derived from industry-wide standards. Please keep in mind that most images are stock images, and therefore you should not expect to receive the pictured products. Silver products, and some gold as well, may exhibit milk spots, and/or toning, which are normal and do not change the condition described in the listing, nor the value of the product. Coins that are holdered by one of the major grading companies are graded based on the condition they were in at the time of grading. However, at times, coins do tend to develop spotting or toning which are a normal happenstance in coins.
Please keep in mind, the appearance of the toning and/or milk spots does not mean that the coin is not the grade specified on the actual slab. In instances where there is a discrepancy where the customer believes to be unjust, please refer to the grading companys guarantee policy. Both NGC and PCGS have a program where they will compensate the owner of the current coin if they believe the coin deserves a lower grade than it had originally received. Please note, bullion coins, bars and rounds are mass-produced and are not struck to the same quality standards as collector coins.
These bullion products are not certified and therefore will not always be 100% perfect. All sales are final and therefore in cases when a product is offered on a Deal Price, previously locked-in orders for that product will not be subject to price reductions or cancellations. Bullion Exchanges reserves the right to cancel sales that may or may not have typography issues within the listings, pricing inaccuracies, systematic faults by our system, and/or errors caused by eBays system, without further notice.
Purchasing bullion and/or coins involves price risk, and the purchaser assumes all such risk. We do not offer or make price adjustments based on the market fluctuations of precious metals, or for any other reason. We will never ask the customer to pay more for a product if the price significantly increased, so please refrain from requesting price adjustments after market prices decrease. The item "2021 1 oz Gold American Eagle PCGS MS 69 First Strike" is in sale since Thursday, December 24, 2020.
This item is in the category "Coins & Paper Money\Bullion\Gold\Coins".exchanges" and is located in New York, New York. This item can be shipped to United States. Mint