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Let's do some behaviour cartography. By all accounts, the risk of head injury is the same, or lower, on bicycles than it is as a pedestrian or a motorist. And the risk of drowning while swimming or bathing [on, for example, a beach not in the bathtub] is much higher than dying in a bicycle accident. This, of course, is all great news for cyclists. Well, it's not really news, it's well established statistics.
So I was wondering what the results of a spot of logic mapping would be.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
GEPS 023: Storing data from large sources
GEPS Closed This GEPS (Gramps Enhancement Proposal) is closed and available in the version of Gramps indicated below. |
Finished: Gramps 3.4
Proposed changes for enhancing GRAMPS by enhancing the mechanism for storing data from 'large' sources.
Current code is now in trunk Dec 05, 2011
User story (Problem that needs to be solved)
I have a book that details, on page 7:
"In the 1870s B moved to the town of BT. It was here that I's father K was born in 1860. By the time he was 30 he had married. His first child M was born there. Shortly afterwards his wife died and two years later he married G. M was 12 before her brother I appeared."
So I wish to record B, K, and the fact that K was born in 1860, and married around 1890. K's children were M and I, M was born around 1890 and I was born around 1900. [Actually, from other sources he was born on 5 Dec 1902.] I need to record page 7 of this book as the source for all these pieces of information.
Some time later I decide I should record a transcript of the source text.
Some time later, I decide to scan that page of the book, and need to store the scan as the source.
Later still, I discover that page 212 of the same book details that I married W in 1946.
Now I wish to record W, and the marriage of W and I in 1946. The source for all this is page 212 of the book, and this time I record the scan against the source.
List various solutions
- Record each page as a source reference with the book as a single source.
- Record each page as a separate source (i.e. page 7 as one source and page 212 as a second source).
- Modify Gramps to introduce Source Content that can be shared and can have media attachments and record each page as a Source Content.
Record each page as a source reference
The page number and the text from the page are stored in the Source Reference, while the Title and author of the book are stored in the shared Source.
This may be considered the natural approach, given the fact that the Source Reference headings include the page number, while the shared Source includes the Title and the Author etc.
This approach may be illustrated as follows (only some of the people and facts are shown here):
The problems with this approach are
- The Source Reference does not allow the Media scan to be stored.
- The Source Reference is not shared, there is a separate instance for each place where it occurs (e.g. each event).
The media scan can be stored with the source, as shown in the figure above. However, when one looks at the source, it will not be clear which media object in the gallery relate to which source reference, except by some naming convention (the applicable media file may be obvious in this case, but not in others). Also, in the source reference editor, one cannot immediately see which scan relates to this particular page.
The fact that the source reference is not shared (and is not a separate object) means that any updates to the source reference will have to be done for each occurrence, rather than once. For example, when I want to add the transcript of the paragraph to the source reference, I need to find each source reference and update it individually. It is also difficult to find all the source references, because they are not listed in a separate tab.
Note that there is an argument that separate source references for the different events is preferable, because the exact text that relates to that particular event can be attached. For example, for the birth event for person K, one could attach: "…the town of BT. It was here that I's father K was born in 1860…". There are two objections to this:
- It is difficult to identify exactly which parts of the text are relevant to each event. Should I's father be included in the source for K's birth?
- It is far too tedious and laborious to devise separate source texts for each event. Given that the original paragraph giving family history information (this is a genuine example) is quite short, it is much quicker and easier to include the whole paragraph in each reference.
When it comes to adding the scan, the only option I really have is to add it to the source itself, despite the fact that the scan only relates to one page.
An alternative way to record the media is that suggested in the tutorial "Recording UK Census data". Here the media object has a source reference which contains the details of the Date; Volume/page and Confidence that the media is associated with. This has the advantage that the details are unambiguously associated with the media. However, the relevant media cannot be found simply from the events.
Record each page as a source
The page number and the text from the page, the book Title and the author of the book are all stored in the Source. The Source Reference does not hold any particular information.
This arrangement can be illustrated as here (again only some of the people and facts are shown here):
This arrangement has the advantage that the transcript and media scan can be directly attached to the relevant page.
However it has a number of problems:
- the Volume/Page field in the source reference is not used for its standard purpose
- the information about the book itself is duplicated many times in each source object
- the approach rapidly becomes unmanageable if there are a large number of pages to be recorded for a single source (i.e. if the source is 'large')
A new object which we call here a Citation is introduced.
A CitationBase would replace the current SourceRef. The CitationRef would not have any associated fields (just the reference to the Citation). The CitationBase plus the Citation would be equivalent to the Sourceef.
The Source object is unchanged.
The existing icon options in the Source tabs would be unchanged, but add existing source would bring up a treeview Source-Citation.
The treeview would be as follows:
The user would be able to select a Source as shown by the highlighting. In this case, the subsequent Citation dialogue would not be populated in the Citation area, only in the Source area. On the other hand, if a Citation were to be selected, then the subsequent Citation dialogue would be opened already populated with the shared Citation data.
The source reference editor would be changed to a Source-Citation editor as follows:
Note that there is no need for a CitationBase editor, because this does not have any associated properties.
Recording the information about the people would proceed exactly as at present. The first source to be recorded would display an empty Citation editor, which would be completed in the normal way. Subsequent data would be linked to the same Citation object.
When it comes to record the transcript of the source text, there would only be a single Citation object to which the transcript would be added as a Note.
The scan of the page could be added as a Gallery item in the Citation object.
A new display category would be needed for the Citation, and it would be important to implement the merge facility for this category so that existing separate Citations could be merged.
There is no particular need to provide a means to make an existing Citation object refer to a different Source object. At present, it is not possible to change a source reference so as to preserve the information that has been input (such as date, Volume/Page, confidence or the links to notes) but to make it point to a different source. The source reference must be deleted and a new one created. Similarly, if one wanted to change a Citation to refer to a different source, the Citation would have to be deleted.
Either of the two ways of using the current Gramps features has difficulties. This is shown not only by the points made in the descriptions above, but also by the fact that there have been many discussions in the lists about how to use the features.
The new approach make it simple to implement the given user story. The story focusses on recording information from a book, because that is a scenario which everyone can understand and relate to. However, it also applies equally to other scenarios, like recording census data.
The new approach is a very simple extension to the current features from the user's point of view. Gramps can be used exactly as at present with no additional inputs required from the user (the workflow is completely unchanged). If a particular Citation is to be shared, then again there is no need for any additional inputs, just use of the feature to add an existing Citation, instead of creating a new one. Apart from the Citation category display there are no additional screens.
The new approach is somewhat similar to the subsource approach in http://gramps.1791082.n4.nabble.com/sources-subsources-and-sourceref-td1794804.html. Subsource corresponds with Citation. However, in order to avoid any extra complexity in the approach, it is proposed that the notes are kept to the 'subsource'/Citation only, and not to the reference to them.
Using subsources can remove the above problems, as a subsource would be a nucleus information set: one line in a census, one marriage act, ...., and that connected to a source.
Why not use the sourceref?
The sourceref cannot be used for this! The text of an entire source, or an image of an entire source is something you need to share between objects, so it must be a source, not a sourceref. The note in the sourceref should only be used to explain how the information of the source was used for the object.
However, it is true that a subsource can have a date/page/volume/number within the larger source. Note that in the census example this is repeated on *all* sourceref objects. In the case of a subsource, it would be entered once in the subsource, and then not be repeated in the sourceref. I don't care to much for this as in the case where subsource is usefull, there is no problem of mentioning this in the note, .... section.
Is sourceref useless then?
I don't think this. For sources of which little information is learnt, or real books (bibliography, diary, ...) the sourceref is ideal. However, for sources which contain many unrelated short subparts that each can lead to large amount of changes throughout your genealogical database, the sourceref is less usefull, and a subsource is in order.
Note that adding a hierarchy of subsource objects would introduce much greater complexity, which is not warranted by the problems outlined.
Also, http://gramps.1791082.n4.nabble.com/Source-references-names-and-notes-td1813805.html#a1813818
The problem is still there when you discover a mistake in the source ref (page number), or want to add a note to these source references (eg transcript of the original latin text). Then you need to track down all source ref that where copies, and change them all. This is why in my workflow I keep most notes in the source object, where the media files (scans) also live. This is why I think about a subsource implementation, it does not hurt the people who want to keep working as they do now. The main thing holding such a thing back is GEDCOM though. The more we deviate of that in GRAMPS, the more difficult to map our internal data to something that can eg be uploaded to websites logically as you want it. It is really hard to keep having to drag an old and dead standard with us :-(
The proposed approach is directly compatible with GEDCOM; variants like hierarchical sources would not be.
There have been a large number of posts about this topic on the Gramps mailing lists. A selection is shown below.
- database issues sourceref references (2005) among other things suggests "We want to allow in the future that the sourceref can have a media coupled to it"
- sources subsources and sourceref (2007) proposes subsources between sources and objects
- GEDCOM and sourceref (2007) too much information in sourceref/citation or problem summarised as need to manually edit every independent source reference to change a page number
- Sources and sourceref (2007) second proposal is for "sourceref is made a primary object that an object can share, but is unique to a source source 1 -----> n sourceref n <----> n object (person, attribute, event, ...)"
- Media and attributes in data model for Gramps 3.0 (2007)
- local gallery tab in source reference (2007)
- nested sources - sourceref - one big source (2007)
- sources vs. repositories (2007) "Some genealogy apps allow to subdivide a source in pieces, eg divide a book in chapters. GRAMPS does _not_ have this at the moment"
- Sources, media and galleries: how to tie it all up "as intended" (2008)
- Medias, sources and sourcerefs (2009) concerned with relationship between media and sourceref
- Source references names and notes (2009) "have to stop using my sourceref approach and just put everything as a source, which I find clumsy and lacking in elegance. Since sourcerefs can't be shared, only copied, it is extremely difficult to keep track of them."
- Storing data from large sources (2010)
- Sharing sources (2010) actually he is talking about sharing source references (i.e. similar to the current proposal but with different terminology)
Other changes
Some other related changes have been suggested here:
- Use the Data key-value pairs field to store Publication data in the Source, and split the Volume/Page in the Citation, and add a couple of extra fields. This seems to be related to changing the data stored in a Citation as part of GEPS 018: Evidence style sources. It may be better to wait till GEPS 018 is resolved.
- Adding deduction content to the CitationRef, namely a type, confidence argument and set of notes, and a global confidence field to the Source. This is related to the BetterGEDCOM and methodology proposals.
The design is based on the 'Other changes' not being carried out at this time.
The first is not applied because the approach to providing the information for GEPS 018: Evidence style sources has not yet been decided.
The second is not applied because it would be better as the subject of a separate GEPS.
The design is intended to have minimal change from the existing user interface. Aunt Martha should be able to continue to use Gramps just as at present. Only if a user wants to take advantage of the ability to share Citations should the user ned to be aware of the changes.
Database changes
The Source PrimaryObject is unchanged.
A new Citation PrimaryObject has the following content:
Citation 1 RefBase --> Source 1 Gramps Id 1 Confidence (5 values) 1 Volume/Page 1 Log Date (The date that this data was entered into the original source document) n Information (key-value pairs, current Data) n NoteIds n MediaRef (Region, Src, attr, notes) --> Media 1 Private
A Citation object always refers to one and only one Source object. Therefore when creating a new Citation object, one first chooses a Source object to refer to. When deleting a Source object, all Citations that refer to that Source object must first be deleted, and references to those Citations object must be deleted before the Citation object.
A new CitationBase object is simply a list of references to Citations, with no attributes. This object is analogous to the NoteBase and TagBase objects.
The proxies will also need to be updated.
When upgrading from an old database version all objects that have a SourceRef need to be changed to the new format. The primary objects Person, Family, Event, Media and Place contain SourceRef objects. These Primary objects also contain secondary objects which have SourceRef objects.
Person Name Address Attribute PersonRef MediaRef Attribute LdsOrd
Family Attribute ChildRef MediaRef Attribute LdsOrd
Event Attribute MediaRef Attribute
MediaObject Attribute
Place MediaRef Attribute
Repository (Repositories themselves do not have SourceRefs) Address
Each old SourceRef object should be used to create a new Citation record. The old SourceRef will be replaced by a new CitationBase.
Because upgrading an old database version is automatic, the program should not prejudge the user's intention for similar SourceRefs. Therefore, SourceRefs should only be merged if they have the same Volume/Page, Date, Confidence and source and all Notes refer to shared copies of the same Notes (this will be the case where a SourceRef had been created by dragging and dropping on the Clipboard). It would be convenient if there were a separate Gramplet to automatically merge Citation objects on less stringent and probably configurable criteria. Such a Gramplet would need to merge Notes into the merged Citation.
Upgrade needs to process every SourceRef in primary objects and secondary objects. for each SourceRef: assemble Volume/Page, Date, Confidence and SourceId and all NoteIds for each Citation: if Volume/Page, Date, Confidence and SourceId and all NoteIdsfor are the same: use the existing Citation if no match, then create a new Citation
Should the criteria for matching Citations be weaker, for example just the Volume/Page, Date, Confidence and source matching, with Notes from each SourceRef being added into the Citation?
The following formats will need to be updated: Gramps XML, GEDCOM, CSV, GeneWeb.
Gramps XML
This will need a new <Citations> section with <Citation> entries.
Gramps should be able to import both old and new versions of the Gramps XML. If a <sourceref> tag appears outside of a <Citation> entry then it will indicate an old version.
GEDCOM | Gramps |
SOURCE_RECORD:= n @<XREF:SOUR>@ SOUR {1:1} |
Not supported. See feature request 1371. Discussion in Role and event tags... |
Source:Author |
Source:Title |
Source:Abbreviation |
If the publication data is changed to key-value pairs, then on import, this GEDCOM field should be stored as a predefined key (e.g. PUBL) , and on export all the value should probably be concatenated with comma separators. |
Not directly supported. Note that in Gramps, one would store the text from source in a note. On import, the 'text from source' should probably be stored as the contents of a Source:NoteId. On export this GEDCOM field would not be output. |
Contents stored as the content of a Source:RepoRef |
Not supported for data interchange (discussion in REFN strategy) |
Not supported for data interchange. The Source:gramps_id can be considered to be the AUTOMATED_RECORD_ID |
Source:change (automatically maintained by Gramps) |
Contents stored as the content of a Source:NoteId |
Contents stored as the contents of a Source:MediaRef |
Not supported | Source:Global Confidence |
GEDCOM | Gramps |
SOURCE_CITATION:= n SOUR @<XREF:SOUR>@ {1:1} p.27 |
+1 PAGE <WHERE_WITHIN_SOURCE> {0:1} p.64 |
SourceRef:Volume/Page becomes Citation:Volume/page |
+1 EVEN <EVENT_TYPE_CITED_FROM> {0:1} p.49 +2 ROLE <ROLE_IN_EVENT> {0:1} p.61 |
Not supported. See feature request 2918 and 2924, (which are mostly duplicates of each other). No change. Any change should be implemented as a separate enhancement, since it is not directly related to the objectives of this GEPS. The data should be stored in the data of the Citation. |
+1 DATA {0:1} +2 DATE <ENTRY_RECORDING_DATE> {0:1} p.48 |
SourceRef:Log Date becomes Citation:Log Date |
+2 TEXT <TEXT_FROM_SOURCE> {0:M} p.63 +3 [CONC|CONT] <TEXT_FROM_SOURCE> {0:M} |
On import, this is stored as a note with Note Type 'Source text'. On export, the first note of type 'Source text' is output as the 'text from source'. No change. |
+1 <<MULTIMEDIA_LINK>> {0:M} p.37, 26 |
Not supported at present. Contents stored as the contents of a Citation:MediaRef |
+1 <<NOTE_STRUCTURE>> {0:M} p.37 |
Contents stored as a note, referenced from the SourceRef, which becomes referenced from the Citation.
A possible future enhancement (not part of this GEPS, as it is not directly related to the objectives of this GEPS) would be to support the Data:Value pairs in the SourceRef (which becomes the Citation). On export all the Data:Value pairs should probably be concatenated with comma separators into another separate note. |
+1 QUAY <CERTAINTY_ASSESSMENT> {0:1} p.43 |
SourceRef:Confidence becomes Citation:Confidence |
User Interface changes
Source model and view
The existing source model and the source view in the navigator are retained unchanged. This minimises the user interface changes. Source objects can be created, edited and deleted as at present.
Citation model
New CitationTreeModel and CitationListModel are introduced. The models encompass both Source objects and Citation objects. The tree model should have lines for Sources with a disclosure triangle, and subsidiary lines for Citations. Fields for Source should include Title, Author, ID, Abbreviation, Publication information and date last changed. Fields for Citation should include Volume/Page, ID, Date, Confidence and date last changed. The models should either a Source or a Citation can be selected, and the returned value indicates which.
This arrangement would allow sorting by Volume/Page (in case this were useful for some users - e.g. if Title is Birth certificate or Marriage certificate, and Volume/Page is the name of the individual).
Citation Selector
This uses the new CitationTreeModel.
The display for the source selector comprises Title/Page and Id.
Citation View
This uses the new citation models.
Add buttons to select Source view or Source Tree view. The default display for either source view comprises Title/Page, Id, Date and Confidence.
There are several possible objectives to add/edit:
- Edit a Citation (Citation view: select Citation, click Edit, - allows Citation and Source to be changed),
- Edit a Source (Source view: select Source, click Edit - only allows Source to be changed),
- Add a new Source (Source view: click Add - allows Source to be added),
- Add a new Citation to an existing Source (Citation view: click Add; select the source - allows new Citation, and allows the Source to be changed).
- Add a new citation to a new source (Source view: add the Source; then Citation view: add the Citation)
In the Citation view:
- If the "Add a new Citation" button is clicked: Bring up the Source selector. When a Source is chosen, bring up the Source-Citation editor with the specified Source populated. On clicking OK, store the new Citation and if changed, update the Source object.
- If the "Edit" button is clicked, and a Citation is highlighted, the Source-Citation editor should allow both the Source and Citation to be changed.
- If the "Edit" button is clicked, and a Source is highlighted: Do nothing
- If the "Remove" button is clicked, then the highlighted object and all objects that reference it should be removed.
Editor Source tabs
CitationEmbedList replaces all occurrences of SourceEmbedList. The default fields displayed and the buttons etc. remain unchanged, except that the ID field contains the Citation ID rather than the Source ID.
The same Source-Citation editor is used as for editing a Citation.
If the "Create and add a new citation" button is clicked, then allow the creation of both Source and Citation objects. This is consistent with the current model, where "Create and add a new source" adds a new Source object and creates the current sourceref. It is distinct from the "Add an existing source" which allows either an existing Source or an existing Citation and associated Source to be selected. Bring up the Source-Citation editor with all fields empty. On clicking OK, save both a new Source and a new Citation. Error if the source is not entered. Link the CitationBase to the new Citation.
If the "Add an existing source" (Share) button is clicked, the citation selector is dispalyed. The user will either select a Source or a Citation. Pre-populate the editor according to what has been selected. On clicking OK, save either a new or an updated Citation; save the Source if it was updated (actually, the Source seems to be re-saved even if it was not changed, which may affect the last changed date incorrectly). Link the CitationBase to the new Citation.
If the "Remove" button is clicked, then the highlighted Citation should be removed, together with the links to the citation. The Source is not removed.
There are two separate 'citation/source' editors:
editsource | editcitation. As used with the Citation reference having data, then this would not have the warning signs in the top half. |
editsource is used from
- Source view when selecting a source and clicking the "Edit" button,
- Source view when clicking the "Add" button.
Existing editsource is unchanged.
editcitation is used from
- Citation view when selecting a Citation and clicking the "Edit" button,
- Citation view when clicking the "Add a new citation" button (following the display of the source selector, and selection of a source),
- Editor Source tabs (CitationEmbedList) when clicking the 'Create and add a new citation' button.
- Editor Source tabs (CitationEmbedList) when clicking the 'Edit the selected citation' button.
- Editor Source tabs (CitationEmbedList) when clicking the 'Add an existing citation' button.
This is similar to the current editsourceref. On clicking OK,
- if a Citation was passed in, update the Citation and the linked Source,
- if nothing was passed in, if the Citation is blank store the new Source else store a new Citation and Source,
- if a Source is passed in, add a new Citation and update the Source.
Do we need extra rules to match a Citation?
Reports access Source References through the Bibliography and Endnotes functionality. This allows the changes to be made in a single place.
Some changes will be needed in the Narrative Web and Simple Database Access functionality.
Known Issues
I believe that all the known issues below can be deferred till after merging GEPS023 into trunk.
- Count at bottom right corner of window in citation tree view is incorrect. done fixed by change to allow filtering of secondary objects [1]
- Add ID code for citations to the preferences dialog. done [2]
- Checks and warnings on 'Save' and 'Cancel' in EditCitation are not quite right. done https://github.com/gramps-project/gramps/commit/a4df3034b6924da592d6a543b228fb0c5897aeb0]
- src/plugins/import/ImportCsv.py Needs to be updated for citations done [3]
- src/plugins/export/ExportCsv.py Needs to be updated for citations done [4]
- src/plugins/import/ImportGeneWeb.py Needs changing for citations, but I can't do this as I don't have access to the application : done [5]
- src/plugins/export/ExportGeneWeb.py Needs changing for citations, but I can't do this as I don't have access to the application : done [6]
- src/plugins/import/ImportProGen.py Needs changing for citations, but I can't do this as I don't have access to the application
- src/plugins/tool/TestCaseGenerator.py Needs to be updated for citations done [7]
- src/plugins/tool/Check.py This has been changed so that it runs, but it needs further enhancement to specifically check citation data done [8]
- src/webapp/grampsdb/models.py done [9]
- src/webapp/grampsdb/libdjango.py done [10]
- src/webapp/grampsdb/utils.py moved to src/webapp/utils.py? done [11]
- SimpleAccess, SimpleDoc and SimpleTable Needs to be changed for citations, but I am not yet sure how to test these.
- po/POTFILES.in and POTFILES.skip New files that need translation to be added [12]
- Improve source citation support (import/export) ? see Gramps and GEDCOM
- The icon for citation might need to be changed to more closely meet the Tango guidelines. [13][14][15] done [16]
- Should the default views be changed (e.g. remove the separate source and citation views and provide flat and tree presentations as separate presentations within a single view. Also, should there be a flat sources view).
- In the citationtreeview you can't filter on citation criteria (e.g. confidence) - This is because of the way the views work, the 'Source view' (or citationtreeview) is based on Sources only, so sorting, searching and filtering are just based on sources. If you want to filter the citations, then you have to use the citations view, and the citations filter in that view. done Improve treebasemodel to allow filtering of secondary object nodes. [17]
- src/gen/proxy/refernced.py I have updated this for citations, but it does not appear to be used, so I have not tested it
- src/plugins/export/ExportFtree.py Not changed for citations because it does not appear to be used
- src/plugins/import/ImportGrdb.py Don't plan to change this as it appears to be outdated - should it be removed?
- src/test/GrampsDb/GrampsDbTestBase.py ?? Is this actually used? could be done after merge into citations
- src/lib/test/merge_test.py I don't plan on upgrading this because it does not seem to be used
- src/Merge/merge_ref_test.py I don't plan on upgrading this because it does not seem to be used
The test modules have not been updated because of the following comment The unit tests seem pretty skimpy
Yes, somebody started it and it got at the sidetrack. We hardly have time to develop, so unit tests is not something that is in the DNA of our community. Personally I believe that for GUI it is too much work to maintain for a small devel community. For the library stuff, I would love to see something easy. I however never run unit tests, never heard how to actually run those that are present. The only thing I do for certain parts is add tests at the bottom of the python file that run when the script is executed stand alone (see eg PlaceUtils.py). During my time at Gramps only those tests have actually catched anything, I never heard of the existing unit tests actually catching any bugs. Don't understand me wrong, I take testing of my own code very seriously, but I didn't yet see anybody proposing a unit test system for the Gramps codebase that is sufficiently developer friendly so that anybody actually runs them.
Completion of the change
Although GEPS 023 'only' introduced one new object, it was a major change because it had ramifications throughout all of the Gramps code.
Here are some figures:
- The gep-023-large-sources branch was created on 1 Jul 2011.
- The branch was merged back into trunk on 4 Dec 2011.
- So it took almost 5 months to implement the change.
- 159 files were changed by the time the branch was merged back.
- There were 13,485 lines of u-diff.
I would like to thank Nick Hall for the enormous help and encouragement I have received from him, especially in implementing the tree model for two different primary objects which is largely his code. Without his help, this enhancement would not have been possible.
Also thanks for help, testing and support from Michiel Nauta (advice on upgrade transactions), John Ralls (fixes to some make files), Jérôme Rapinat (fixes to translation files etc.), Benny Malengier (advice on upgrade), Brian Matherly (svn admin), Rob Healey, Gary Burton, Doug Blank and Cedric Scott and everyone else whose names I may have missed.
Changes needed
This section provides a guide to the changes that are need to other code (for example add-ons) to interface with citations.
The user interface has been designed on the principle that Aunt Martha should not need to know or even be aware that citations have changed. Hence she will see a Source navigation with similar information to the current view. There will be a disclosure triangle, but she can ignore that. When she wants to add a source to a person or event, she clicks on the add or add existing button, and gets a similar choice of source as at present. (Again she can ignore the disclosure triangles). The editor that appears is then very similar to the existing editor. Only if a user particularly wants to share citations between objects do they need to be aware of the change. The change is also intended to be entirely compatible with GEDCOM.
Simple access to, and updating of, citations or sources does not involve very extensive changes to existing code. The database changes, the various editors, filters and proxies etc. have involved more extensive changes.
The Citation primary object corresponds pretty closely to the SourceRef secondary object. Data in the SourceRef is mapped to the Citation. A Citation has the additional possibility of having media objects attached (which is not possible with SourceRefs). A Citation points to exactly one Source (the code may assume that here is always a source object present).
The 'shape' of existing objects is unchanged. The change is that SourceBase is replaced by CitationBase.
For creating data, where you previously created a SourceRef, you now create a Citation object, and set_reference_handle() to point to the Source object. There is a difference that you then have to do a db.add_citation(citation, transaction). You then do an obj.add_citation(citation_handle) instead of an obj.add_source_reference(sourcerefobj) to add the SourceRef/Citation to the object.
An example of the changes is: https://github.com/gramps-project/gramps/commit/6ee1af893fbe805a4c67d672d5175f78fcdc6596
As far as data access is concerned, you do obj.get_citation_list()
instead of obj.get_source_references() to get a list of Citation
handles/SourceRefs respectively. With the citation, you then need to
do a db.get_citation_from_handle(citation_handle). Having got the
object, you do get_reference_handle() to get the source object handle.
An example of the changes is: https://github.com/gramps-project/gramps/commit/e4383f0b46b5be1258e5f7e2caef2c4c48fa39b9
Note 1. The names of the functions and the return values are mostly
chosen to match the way notes are attached to objects, so
obj.add_citation(citation_handle) corresponds with add_note - both
taking handles as parameters, and obj.get_citation_list() corresponds
with get_note_list() - both returning handles.
Note 2. I am aware of PEP 8 and pylint and have followed them for new code. However, where I have just been modifying existing code, or have largely copied some existing code, I have retained the style of the existing code, for example in terms of code layout, naming conventions and the number of parameters or methods in a class. This may result in a lowered pylint score.
[N.B. This is only a guide, no guarantee!]
Bug tracker
- 1022: Sources dialog hangs for 2 minutes after opening - This was closed unable to reproduce 2 Feb 2011
- 2918: Add Gedcom Source Citation Fields
- 2924: Implement GEDCOM EVENT_TYPE_CITED_FROM and ROLE_IN_EVENT - This was closed as a duplicate of 2918 on 22 Jan 2011
- 4491: (Feature request): Matching source and quality level - This was closed resolved fixed 28 Jan 2011
- 4913: (Feature request): Additional Event Filters
Others interfaces
- Source edition into Ancestral Quest
- Source Citations in FTW, now Source citation into Family Tree Maker
- Source citation into Legacy Family Tree


text:
Welcome to Research Notes, an online publication highlighting recent Princeton University research in the physical and social sciences, engineering, and the humanities. Research summarized here for which full online articles are available is listed in the Web stories section, along with links to the full text.
News on research in the fields of engineering and applied science is also distributed through the University's engineering school Web site, and most research conducted by faculty in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs is highlighted on the Wilson School Web site. For more information about Research Notes, contact Chad Boutin at (609) 268-5729 or [email protected].
This issue features:
- Flying precisely: Fruit fly research may 'clean up' conventional impressions of biology
- Hormone-sniffing bacteria: Engineered E. coli may lead to new drugs, detect pollutants
- The price of pickiness: Choosy mating habits are costly to female iguanas, study shows
- Brain connections: Berry 'completes the circuit' to find a home in neuroscience
- Frontiers of health: Advances in medicine emerge at intersection of engineering and biology
- Getting warmer: Nanoscale imaging reveals unexpected behaviors in high-temperature superconductors
- Strung together: Princeton physicists connect string theory with established physics
- Water works: Researchers combine efforts to help people of African savannas manage their land
Fruit fly research may 'clean up' conventional impressions of biology
The metamorphosis of biology into a science offering numerically precise descriptions of nature has taken a leap forward with a Princeton team's elucidation of a key step in the development of fruit fly embryos -- discoveries that could change how scientists think not just about flies, but about life in general.
While biologists have long known that the structure of adult animals follows a blueprint laid out in the early stages of embryonic development, classical biological experiments have provided only isolated "snapshots" of the development process, denying scientists a complete "movie" of it unfolding. Now, by combining experimental methods from physics and molecular biology, the team has replaced these snapshots with the movie, allowing them to see the first steps of blueprint formation in the fly embryo literally live and in color. The first of two papers in the July 13 issue of the scientific journal Cell describes the sophisticated techniques required to make these movies, techniques that could help scientists investigate a wide variety of biological systems.
In the second paper, the group poses a new question, never before asked by scientists studying embryos: How precisely can cells in the embryo read the blueprint? So precisely, the paper suggests, that a precious few molecules signaling a change can make a decisive difference.
"I think the prevailing view has been that cells accomplish all their functions using a complicated combination of mechanisms, each one of which is rather sloppy or noisy," said team member William Bialek, the John Archibald Wheeler/Battelle Professor in Physics. "This research, however, indicates that in the initial hours of a fly embryo's development, cells make decisions to become one part of the body or another by a process so precise that they must be close to counting every available signaling molecule they receive from the mother."
Three hours into a fly embryo's development, it remains a single large cell with an unusual characteristic: Unlike other cells, which have a single nucleus, the embryo has thousands, each of which awaits a signal from the mother to form itself into a specialized cell. This signal arrives in the form of a droplet of protein called Bicoid that enters the embryo at one end and, like food coloring in water, diffuses out molecule by molecule through the nuclei. The concentration decreases with distance and forms the first blueprint that defines which part of the embryo will become the head and which the backside of the fly.
The team's findings indicate that two neighboring nuclei can determine their different places and functions within the embryo accurately if the concentration of Bicoid between them varies by only about 10 percent -- a quantity that on the scale of the tiny embryo amounts to only a few molecules of Bicoid.
"This signaling requires a sensitivity approaching the limits set by basic physical principles," Bialek said. "Perhaps more important than the answers we have found so far, this work has led us to sharpen the kinds of questions we ask about living cells as we try to understand them with the same kind of mathematical precision that we understand the rest of the physical world."
The two papers constitute the Ph.D. research of first author Thomas Gregor, who is now pursuing postdoctoral work in the Department of Physics at the University of Tokyo. The project was a collaboration among three Princeton faculty members: Bialek, David Tank (the Henry L. Hillman Professor in Molecular Biology and professor of physics) and Eric Wieschaus (the Squibb Professor in Molecular Biology and 1995 Nobel laureate for his earlier contributions to understanding the development of the fruit fly embryo). Gregor is available for comment at [email protected].
-by Chad Boutin
Engineered E. coli may lead to new drugs, detect pollutants
Bacteria that respond to human hormones -- the body's chemical messengers -- may enable the discovery of new treatments for hormone-related medical problems, including thyroid disease and some forms of breast cancer. Developed by Princeton chemical engineers, the sensitive bugs also may detect hormone-mimicking pollutants, which can disrupt normal processes in the body.
Hormones must be present in specific amounts to maintain health. For example, sufficient levels of the hormone estrogen are necessary for bone formation and reproduction, but too much of it has been implicated in premature puberty as well as the development of breast cancer and heart disease. The Princeton engineers hope that the bacteria can shed light on the way hormone-like compounds affect the body and eventually guide the development of drugs that can regulate hormone levels.
David Wood, an assistant professor of chemical engineering at Princeton, and Georgios Skretas, who earned his Ph.D. at Princeton in 2006 and is now at the University of Texas-Austin, designed the bacteria by linking the proteins that bind to estrogen, called estrogen receptors, with a protein required for growth in E. coli. This design allows the researchers to distinguish between compounds that stimulate the receptors and those that block them simply by observing bacterial cell growth. Since the bacteria respond quickly -- results are typically seen in about 15 hours under simple growth conditions -- they should be able to rapidly screen thousands of compounds that affect estrogen's activity, making an important contribution to the drug discovery process, Wood said.
When used to screen a small library of potential antioxidants, the bacteria identified two novel estrogen-mimicking compounds. Based upon bacterial growth in the presence of the mimics, the researchers predicted that one of the compounds would behave like estrogen in human cells, while the other would inhibit estrogen-related activity. The researchers confirmed their predictions with subsequent tests in human cells.
Although neither of the compounds turned out to be potent enough to make a good drug, the fact that the bacteria responded appropriately to the substances has made the researchers optimistic.
'Though these compounds themselves aren't likely to have pharmaceutical applications, the results prove that the system can work for drug-like compounds," Wood said. "Our system is also very good at detecting weakly binding substances, which is essential for the identification of hormone-like pollutants, which are found in many substances, including plastics and cosmetics."
In future work, the researchers plan to design bacteria that detect and respond to additional hormone-like compounds, including those that mimic or block the activity of testosterone, the stress hormone cortisol and thyroid hormone. This may advance the search for a nonsurgical treatment for Graves' disease, which is caused by the overabundance of thyroid hormone.
The findings were published online June 15 in the Journal of the American Chemical Society. The work was funded by the National Science Foundation and the Hellenic Secretariat for Research and Technology, and was completed in collaboration with researchers at the National Hellenic Research Foundation in Athens, Greece. Wood is available for comment at [email protected] or (609) 258-5721.
-by Hilary Parker
Choosy mating habits are costly to female iguanas, study shows
For some female iguanas, snaring a prince comes at a price. A team led by Princeton scientists has found that among the marine iguanas of the Galápagos Islands, females spend a great deal of energy picking a mate from their many suitors -- sapping strength the females might have used for finding food, escaping predators or producing eggs.
The behavior, which offers some of the first evidence that selecting a desirable partner is energetically costly for females, is surprising because it runs against conventional scientific wisdom.
Researchers often assume that choosiness demands comparatively little exertion from females. While males put a great deal of effort into courtship -- in the iguanas' case, they sidle up to the females, hunch their backs and walk sideways while rocking back and forth -- all the females have to do is amble into the males' territory, watch this flamboyant behavior and choose the male they want, while simply avoiding other suitors.
However, avoiding energetic but unwanted males is itself exhausting, said lead researcher Maren Vitousek, and it often results in smaller eggs whose young might be less likely to survive. The team found that over a month-long mating period, particularly choosy females lost as much as 25 percent of their body weight -- far more than the 14 percent lost by the average female. The longer they spent in the company of the attractive males, the more weight they lost. (Males lost 17 percent of their weight on average during the same period.)
Vitousek said that choosiness may also decrease a female's chances for survival. During the dry weather of El Niño years, marine iguanas have a hard time finding food, and those that start the season at a low body weight are less likely to live through it.
Why all this effort on the part of the females is worthwhile is unclear, because male iguanas do not seem to offer females anything other than fertilization for their eggs.
"It's possible that attractive males provide females with better genes, or perhaps other benefits that we have not yet identified," said Vitousek, a graduate student in Princeton's Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. "We're certain they're not getting food, protection or better sunning spots from the males. Understanding the costs of being choosy should help to illuminate the process of sexual selection, which is one of the primary forces driving evolution."
The team's paper appears in the June 27 issue of the scientific journal, PLoS ONE (Public Library of Science ONE). Co-authors include scientists from Princeton University, Louisiana State University and the University of Birmingham. Vitousek is available for comment at [email protected] or (609) 924-2358.
-by Chad Boutin
Berry 'completes the circuit' to find a home in neuroscience
Each computer in a large distributed computer cluster processes tiny packets of information. A biology-loving physicist is finding that groups of brain cells operate the same way. Full text.
Advances in medicine emerge at intersection of engineering and biology
Princeton engineers are linking their discipline with biology to develop an array of medical breakthroughs, benefiting both fields -- and human health. Full text.
Nanoscale imaging reveals unexpected behaviors in high-temperature superconductors
Physicists find that tiny patches of superconductivity exist in some materials even when warmed up -- a potential step toward resistance-free electrical power at room temperature. Full text.
Princeton physicists connect string theory with established physics
String theory, simultaneously one of the most promising and controversial ideas in modern physics, may be more capable of helping probe the inner workings of subatomic particles than some believe. Full text.
Researchers combine efforts to help people of African savannas manage their land
Princeton engineers, ecologists and political scientists work with Kenyans to understand the dynamics of water and to inform wise land stewardship for the future. Full text.


text:
Grand Theft Auto Online on Xbox 360 is shutting down on 12/16/21. Xbox 360 Shark Cash Cards will not be sold after 9/15/21. These changes have no impact on access or progress for Grand Theft Auto V Story Mode on Xbox 360. For more info: http://rsg.ms/064ba44 In the sprawling, sun-soaked city of Los Santos, three very different criminals risk everything in a series of daring and dangerous heists that could set them up for life. This game supports English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, Russian, Brazilian Portuguese, Polish, Korean, Traditional Chinese, and Latin American Spanish. This game requires approximately 16GB of free storage space. You can download the game to your Xbox 360 Hard Drive or USB 2.0 Flash Drive with a minimum of 15mb/s read speed. After the initial download from the Xbox LIVE Marketplace, please launch the game to automatically download the remaining game data. The total download size is 16GB and download times will vary depending on internet connection speeds. Software license terms in game and www.rockstargames.com/eula; online account terms at www.rockstargames.com/socialclub. Non-transferable access to special features such as exclusive, unlockable, downloadable or online content, services, or functions may require single-use serial code, additional fee and/or online account registration (13+). Violation of EULA, Code of Conduct, or other policies may result in restriction or termination of access to game or online account. Access to special features may require internet connection, may not be available to all users, and may, upon 30 days notice, be terminated, modified, or offered under different terms. Unauthorized copying, reverse engineering, transmission, public performance, rental, pay for play, or circumvention of copy protection is strictly prohibited. ©2008 - 2013 Rockstar Games, Inc. Rockstar Games, Rockstar North, Grand Theft Auto, the GTA Five, the GTA Online and the Rockstar Games R* marks and logos are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. in the U.S.A. and/or foreign countries. All other marks and trademarks are properties of their respective owners. All rights reserved.
- 18/10/2013
- Rockstar North
- Rockstar Games
- Action & Adventure
- Dolby Digital
- Online multiplayer 2 - 16
- Hard drive required
Get it here. Play it there.
Buy Xbox content on Xbox.com. Your Xbox 360 console will automatically download the content next time you turn it on and connect to Xbox Live.
Learn More


text:
What It Is
The fastest carbon fiber Smart ENVE System aero wheel yet.
Who It's For
Experienced triathletes and road racers seeking maximum aero performance and stability.
Why We Made It
We made the SES 7.8 to achieve two things: more speed and more stability. The SES 7.8 embodies the latest SES technologies and includes our newest molded-in brake track and tubeless clincher tire compatibility. The SES 7.8 is wider and specifically optimized to perform best when used with a modern aero frame and large, 25mm tires.
Full Details
When the race is against the wind and the clock the SES 7.8 is optimized for the task. By reducing the trade-offs between aerodynamics, stability, weight, and stiffness, the SES 7.8 carbon fiber aero wheel is the perfect tool for road racing and triathlon alike. The SES 7.8 features front- and rear-specific rim geometries. The front rim is 71mm deep and 29mm wide, while the rear rims is 80mm deep and 27.5mm wide. The dissimilar rim geometries improve the efficiency of the airflow in the system of bike frame and wheels. Because running 25mm tires is now standard, the SES 7.8 was designed with larger tires in mind. Additionally, frame manufacturers are now producing frames that have more clearance between wheel and frame which has opened up the design scope for a wheelset. The SES 7.8 is optimized for these frames. In addition to changes in shape and structure, the SES 7.8 features the latest molded-in carbon fiber brake track texture and is compatible with road tubeless tires.
Going tubeless allows you to run lower tire pressures without the added weight of a tube. Lower tire pressure has many benefits, including greater traction, lower rolling resistance over rough surfaces, and decreased risk of a puncture-related flat.
Tubeless-ready rims and tires are parts of a complete system that eliminate the need for tubes by creating an airtight chamber between the rim and tire. Liquid sealant is added to the chamber to fill small punctures and maintain air pressure while you ride.
UST (Universal Standard for Tubeless) is a specific type of tubeless system that dictates the shape of the rim and tire beads. UST rims should be paired with UST-specific tires for best results.
Rim Material | Carbon |
Brake Compatibility | Rim brake |
Axle | QR |
Rim Depth |
Front: 71mm Rear: 78mm |
Inner Rim Width | 19mm |
Outer Rim Width |
Front: 29mm Rear: 27.5mm |
Hub | ENVE Carbon |
Spokes | Sapim CX-Ray |
Spoke Count | 20/24 |
Lacing | Radial/2X |
Extras | Tubeless Kit (Clincher only): 2x valve stems, 1x roll of tape (good for taping 3 wheels) , 2x Pressure Relief Valve Stem Nuts; Skewers 100/130mm; Brake pads 10mm (SRAM/Shimano or Campy); Brake pads 8mm (SRAM/Shimano); Valve Extenders (75mm set); Accessory Bag; Wheel Manual; Wheelbuild Card |
* Subject to change without notice.
Part Numbers
Option | UPC | MPN | Store SKU |
Shimano/SRAM / White Decal / QR / QR / 700c | 810006961102 | 100-3104-071 | 210000048997 |


text:
Security Update Program for VAIO Update
Sony has recently identified a potential vulnerability in the "Sony VAIO Update" program on Sony® VAIO® personal computers. A security update has been released as a countermeasure and Sony recommends that all customers apply this update immediately
Affected Computers
Sony VAIO computers with VAIO Update version 7.3.0.03150 or earlier installed.
Note: The potential vulnerability exists regardless of whether VAIO Update was preinstalled or installed by a later update.
Potential Vulnerability
The vulnerability could potentially allow a third party to run arbitrary code on an affected computer.
Please use VAIO Update to install "VAIO Update 184.108.40.20600 or later".
Note: If your computer uses the default VAIO Update settings, the "VAIO Update 184.108.40.20600 or later" update will have been automatically installed.
How to check the version of VAIO Update
- Open Windows Explorer.
- Browse to the Local Disk (C) ► Program Files ► Sony ► VAIO Update directory
Browse to the Local Disk (C) ► Program Files ► Sony ► VAIO Update 5 directory.
3. Double-click the Version.txt file.


text:
Tuesday, December 29, 2009
Spelling Airs
Tuesday, December 29, 2009
(Um, John? I don't think...)
This is obviously because they're either drunk or completely incompetent.
(Okay now, we're totally gonna get in trouble for that...)
Now you might be saying, "I thought all drunk and completely incompetent people were politicians?"
(Well, that's true.)
But you would be wrong!
(I would?)
Which brings us back to cake.
(Oh, good.)
See? Comgratation. Interestingly enough, there are close to 3,000 accepted spellings of "congradulationed" in the decorators' dictionary.
Occasionally, though, they do spell it goodly:
Like so. Of course, sometimes after successfully spelling a word the thrill goes to the baker's head. Thusly we get "Ternifer" - a hybrid creation of "Terrific" and the name of the person who ordered the cake, perhaps?
Here again the decorator got the "hard" word right:
Sure, the number's a bit, well, wrong...but hey, numbers are hard!
Wisites: n. [wi-SET-eez] Small, fuzzy mammals indigenous to Uganda prized for their venom, which is said to cure gout and certain types of restless leg syndrome.
See? No misspellings here!
Well, y'all have a grrr-reat day now. Oh, and decorators? Bottoms up!
Jessica E., Christy C., Dana S., & Jessica, watch out; I hear those wisites spit.
- Related Wreckage: The "Year" of the "Grad"
64 comments | Post a Comment
I work somewhere that teaches English and when i got the job the message said Congratulation!
- December 29, 2009 at 9:33 AM
- Taylor@MyOlderBrothers said...
It's like they made cakes out of word verifications.
wv: mantnes - Happy Mantnes! - December 29, 2009 at 9:37 AM
- Sparky said...
That last one cracks me up. I know what happened. If you squint your eyes, the "it" looks like a capital H.
The order form had bad handwriting, and our decorator was either completely devoid of imagination, or was opting for a bit of subtle revenge. - December 29, 2009 at 9:38 AM
Hmm. I'm not 100% convinced the lettering on #3 is by a professional. Different icings (gel = ew), childish hand-writing + bad spelling? I think mommy let someone help with the blank cake she bought.
- December 29, 2009 at 9:38 AM
Or #4. I blocked out the real #3 for yellow icing.
- December 29, 2009 at 9:40 AM
- Southern Gal said...
Honestly. Dictionaries should be a requirement in bakeries. Wisites? Or maybe just an editor before cakes go on display or out the door. I'll do it!
- December 29, 2009 at 9:41 AM
- Miranda said...
I really, really don't get it when the cake is nicely decorated and then then the writing is horribly scribbled all crooked and misspelled. WTF?
The anniversary one doesn't even have that much going for it. Kinda looks like someone's kid was trying out their icing tips. - December 29, 2009 at 10:03 AM
- Lady Anne said...
"Wisites"? I thought that was a question, usually answered by "I dunno. What do you think?"
In this case, I haven't a clue! - December 29, 2009 at 10:12 AM
- Amanda in Austin said...
No, No, No! A WISITE is the species of bird in the movie "UP." So, it's Venezuelan.
- December 29, 2009 at 10:12 AM
I have noticed friends on facebook who have started spelling the word congratulations as congradulations. I am hoping they are just big Cake Wrecks fans. I'm probably wrong.
- December 29, 2009 at 10:12 AM
I cannot believe the number of holiday wrecks and misspellings on cakes that exist, but at the same time I'm grateful because they keep this blog going!
- December 29, 2009 at 10:13 AM
- Roo said...
People stupidity just kills me!
- December 29, 2009 at 10:16 AM
- Kirri said...
I have never left a comment before because, well, someone else usually says it first!!
OK, here I go, this is only mildly relevant because usually I am paralytic on the floor by now pointing at the screen and gurgling inanely but today I managed to control myself.......you may regret that!
I have to ask, is this a USA thing?
I have peered hopefully now, into the window of many cake shops and all the supermarket cake aisles as well.
I have yet to find a single, not one single, misspelled cake, and of the notorious "Cupcake Cake" there is NO sign, none at all (not that it would be accepted or bought if it did rear it's ugly little head....that's something that surprises me, btw, why do people buy those things??) So, I know you have had cakes sent from the UK, but they have usually been humorous, not "bad".
Is this international?
Is is confined to the Americas??
Inquiring minds wish to know.... - December 29, 2009 at 10:17 AM
I fear Kirri is right and this is a "New World" problem....north of the 49th parallel we get CCC's (ptooie), irrational placement of plastic flotsam, and yes....bad grammar and spelling on our bakery products. However my partner wishes to add that the CCC (ptooie) appears to have only recently reared its ugly head and he is concerned that CakeWrecks is inadvertantly spreading this plague in much the way sensationalist news coverage encourages copy-cat murders....but I digress....
- December 29, 2009 at 10:35 AM
It's a shame - the last one has such pretty flowers.
- December 29, 2009 at 10:38 AM
OMG, I'm laughing so hard, I can barely breathe! Ternifer sounds like a Mormon name, or something generated automatically but the definition of "wisites" just did me in.
- December 29, 2009 at 10:47 AM
- Elizabeth C. said...
Taylor - Mantnes sounds like a holiday you celebrate with men without pants...
I have found a few wrecks, mostly of the CCC variety, locally. One of the bakers/decorators was my high school geometry teacher though... so the lettering is usually very accurately centered and spaced and even spelled right! (Makes me wanna retire to become a wreckerator!) - December 29, 2009 at 10:53 AM
I just LOL'd so hard at "Wisites". Thanks for that, I needed it :)
- December 29, 2009 at 10:58 AM
May I ask what those ...umm things are on the top of that chocolate frosted wreck?
Looks like covered up poo. Eww.
WV Lingt "Happy Lingt" - December 29, 2009 at 11:09 AM
Dang, I always thought Wisites were one-eyed Ugandan yak pups... they're endangered you know.
- December 29, 2009 at 11:23 AM
- Catanea said...
Look, I just want to point out...of course, I am not a professional cake decorator...but as a young teenager I once wanted to congratulate my sister and her husband on their wedding anniversary and I STAMPED OUT IN A SNOWY FIELD "Happy Anniversity". God, how embarrassing. But I can understand it. Sort of.
- December 29, 2009 at 12:11 PM
- Suzanne Dargie said...
These spelling mistakes make me think the wreckorators are people for whom English is not their first language.
Up until now, I hadn't seen any wrecks here in Toronto (Canada), but recently, since another company took over our local grocery stores, I've started to see some! This other company is based in Montreal (where they speak French). Is there a connection? - December 29, 2009 at 12:24 PM
- VeggieT said...
Comgratiations john, for your wondrefal pst. I llo'd
- December 29, 2009 at 12:35 PM
Oh my sister is so getting a Best Wisites cake for her birthday. And Jamie if your reading this I'm putting myself as anonymous just to keep you guessing if it's you or not!
- December 29, 2009 at 12:35 PM
- Terry Lee said...
as i've said before, mithspellings are my very favorite kind of wreck.
love. them!! and these are friggin' hilarious. especially the 1 frs.
however, i'm thinking best wisites may be future cakewreck folklore.
it's rather sad for jamie, though, because the roses are lovely. - December 29, 2009 at 12:43 PM
- Mokie said...
Was I the only one that thought of Chekov when I read 'visites?' xD
- December 29, 2009 at 1:09 PM
- Stacy Christian said...
I asked for a wisites for Christmas, but they were all sold out.
S - December 29, 2009 at 1:14 PM
- Liz Gates said...
@girlfmkitty: Just out of curiosity--why does "Ternifer" sound like a Mormon name? Do you know a lot of Mormons with weird names or something? I don't think our names are any weirder than those in the general population--and I see a lot of weird names (I work in a hospital). I'm from a family of 8, and all of us have perfectly normal, spelled correctly, names. In fact, all of my 54 Mormon cousins have normal names. Who do you hang out with?? :)
- December 29, 2009 at 1:15 PM
- lisadh said...
That's the USA for you: excess flotsam and made up grammar.
I'm so proud.
wv: bertsche
I need the name of these wreckerators so that I can order my bertsche cake! - December 29, 2009 at 1:15 PM
Maybe the probably lies with the ESL (English as a second language) decorators or people with no work ethic or maybe it's an homage to our failing school systems where standards are lowered and spelling skills have become "irrelevant" in the age of computer spell check. The problem is, there's no spell check with icing!
What will happen when this generation of texters who abbreviate everything and spell nothing must graduate to cake decorating? - December 29, 2009 at 1:25 PM
- Shake-N-Bake said...
All I have to say is . . . Thanks for making me laugh!! Love it!
Tiffany - December 29, 2009 at 2:23 PM
- hmmm... said...
The real wreck may be that the chocolate cake is toxic--if the seeds haven't been removed from those things that look suspiciously like the fruit of a yew!
- December 29, 2009 at 2:23 PM
- AnnMarie said...
You didn't even mention the "a ... seasons" (that is, the plural seasons) How many ternifer seasons were there to be congratulated on? (oops, I mean congradutated)
- December 29, 2009 at 2:30 PM
- Noni Mausa said...
Diana said: "...copy-cat murders...."
That would be "copy-cake murders..." I presume. [wields knife of red frostinged doom]
And Anonymous? You wondered "..what will happen when this generation of texters who abbreviate everything and spell nothing must graduate to cake decorating?"
We all b ded x thn, i hope.
WV olect.
(I really enjoy these WV words. I intend to collect and save them for when I write my next SciFi novel.) - December 29, 2009 at 2:39 PM
- Rebecca said...
I think on the last cake, the fact that the message is printed but the name is in cursive means that the cake decorators name is Jamie.
- December 29, 2009 at 3:08 PM
After hoping upon hope to find a CW-worthy wreck, I came across a dandy at my local grocery store yesterday. But I was too chicken to take a picture of it with the bakery staff standing right there behind the counter! Oh why am I so lame? Also, I did not have a camera. That would help next time. Anyone have tips for how to get a good shot of a wreck without offending the wreckerators? Without buying the horrible thing, I mean. And presuming you have a camera.
Liz in Seattle
VW: Debri
Oh come on--too easy! All these bad cake are covered in debri. - December 29, 2009 at 3:25 PM
So I read a story on MSN about how many adult Americans can't do basic math like making change, figuring sales tax and tip, interest payments, etc.....
Then I wandered over here.....
I'm starting to believe that reverse evolution is taking over the human race. It's not the meek that shall inherit the earth, it's those that can spell and add that will. - December 29, 2009 at 3:53 PM
- Unknown said...
They spelled Hylton correctly.
-roger hylton - December 29, 2009 at 4:53 PM
- Erica said...
I think Ternifer was supposed to be 10-4. Tenandfour season? Sounds possible, no?
- December 29, 2009 at 4:57 PM
- Julia said...
I like Witines. It's like Resetti from Animal Crossing + Witness. Or whiteness? Someone learning English could go insane trying to figure out what these cakes say.
wv: suchor - There's a suchor born every minute. - December 29, 2009 at 5:57 PM
@ Kirri,
I am not familiar with UK cakes, but I can say that highly decorated cakes with texts etc. are called American cakes in Holland, because traditionally this is not done here.
(Which does not mean that CW hasn't managed to find some Dutch wrecks) - December 29, 2009 at 6:23 PM
Honestly the last one looks either photo shopped, or messed with. As others have pointed out, it almost looks like a capital H, and scraping some of the icing off with a toothpick would be easy enough to do.
- December 29, 2009 at 6:58 PM
- Jackie Blue said...
Hey ...Hey...Hey..you better not pick on us cake decorators...lol..do you want to know how many times I have spelled Congratulations right..only to have customers argue with me that it is wrong...and that it should be a d instead of a t ...please save us ....
- December 29, 2009 at 7:58 PM
@Liz in Seattle--
I would pick up the cake as if I intended to buy it, but then take it to another part of the store, snap the photo with my camera, and then either return it to the counter or give it to the cashier as if I had changed my mind. I used to work in retail, so I wouldn't just leave it elsewhere, because it's a real pain to hunt down all the misplaced stuff in a store, even if it's in your job description. Plus, I'd feel like a double jerk otherwise.
I know it seems silly to go through all this Secret Squirrel maneuvering, but this way, no one gets offended (well, yet). :P
--CC in KC - December 29, 2009 at 8:53 PM
- Four Jordans said...
Never trust a tattoo artist or cake decorator that can't spell. Never.
- December 29, 2009 at 9:17 PM
I have an answer for the cakes that are "nicely decorated with horrible writing". I work in a grocery store, and in the bakery department they sell cakes that are shipped in already decorated. All they have to do is write on the cake when the customer places an order. Most of the time it is done by someone with no training or past experience writing on a cake.
- December 29, 2009 at 10:02 PM
- WomanUncensored said...
Wow, I really needed a laugh today! I can always count on you for one :-)
- December 29, 2009 at 10:24 PM
OH Jackie Blue, I totally am on your side..I once had a lady customer on the phone ordering her graduation cake and insisted that I spell congratulations with a D instead of a T. I insisted that was wrong. She argued with me, and angrily told me to "hang on a minute!", and she went and got a dictionary. I waited patiently and then when she returned to the phone..guess who was eating crow...er I mean CAKE..with congraTulations spelled correctly on it! LOL
WV: I want to herta her she made me so mad! - December 29, 2009 at 10:36 PM
I'd like to see a cake inscribed with some of these word verifications.
"Hapy Mantnes"
"Congradlation Mike & Debri"
and, of course,
"Marry Dumphypo!"
Perhaps on your next book tour... - December 29, 2009 at 11:25 PM
Love your blog Jen.
I have a feeling that you may have been taken for a ride on this one.Try blowing up the picture and look at the pixels around the t and i in wisties. I have a strong feeling (not 100% sure though) it may be photoshopped into saying wisties - December 30, 2009 at 4:17 AM
- Noey said...
My sister waited to have her baby shower until after her son was born, so out of town friends and relatives could see him. Therefore, we had a cake that said "Welcome, Henry."
Well, it was supposed to say that.
It said, "Welome, Henry." - December 30, 2009 at 4:46 AM
Oh, Jackie Blue & Linda, your tales of argumentative, misspelling customers only reinforces Southern Gal's contention that dictionaries should be required in every bakery. Of course, that would make wreckspotting ever so much more difficult!
Just be sure to put those cakes in the "refridgerator" (I've had that argument, too!) - December 30, 2009 at 6:24 AM
- quichepup said...
The second cake has me baffled. Was it a terrific season, a terrifying season or tenacious season? Because otherwise I'm going to assume ternifers are like deer and ducks and have their own hunting seasons. Perhaps this person bagged more ternifers than anyone else.
- December 30, 2009 at 8:37 AM
- Unknown said...
The "T" vs "D" argument reminds of when I was temping as a word processor at an insurance agency. I am a word fanatic (which makes it only fitting that I am now an English teacher in China!) and I changed the word "irregardless" to "regardless" on an adjuster's form. He came and royally chewed me out in front of everyone. I calmly told him that "irregardless" wasn't a word. He INSISTED that it was even when I supported my claim with a dictionary. He said that everyone "knew what it meant" so that meant it was a word! He tried to get me fired from the job, but the supervisor stepped in and told him if he wanted to use a word that didn't exist then that was his problem, but that she wasn't going to get rid of me!
Harumph! CongraTulations to me! - December 30, 2009 at 9:35 AM
- Weaselbaby said...
Am I the only one who read #2 as "Congratulations on a Jennifer seasons"?
Maybe the bakery was congratulating themselves on how often their work had appeared in the blog of Jennifer Yates... - December 30, 2009 at 12:05 PM
Hilarious, as always :). I'm still struggling to wrap my brain around the "Frs" cake....wha...how...?
One digression though: what's with some commenters saying that it must be second-language speakers who wreck the inscriptions (and there are always a few!)?? Mithpellings such as we see here are more a symptoms of the awful educational system that gets away with imparting less-than-basic literacy skills, not ESL / native language issues. Random punctuation and phonetic (!!) (mis)spellings in a non-phonetic language like English are NOT the same as grammar problems, which WOULD be the result of English being a second language.
Sorry about the rant... but I teach at a research-1 university, and kids here no less than wreckerators don't know the difference between "you're" and "your"! And not one among them has been a non-native-speaker. - December 30, 2009 at 3:57 PM
I have to agree with Anonymous... the last one looks like it has been messed after the original decorating. You can see the smudged white icing underneath the "i" and it is thicker than the letters on either side. I truly believe it was a capital "H" also...
- December 30, 2009 at 8:30 PM
- Karin F. said...
I am in constant awe with each new post! Guess I'll have to take a closer look in our local bakery aisle.
- December 30, 2009 at 8:45 PM
Ternifer is the new Hollywood "it" couple like Bennifer and Brangelina.
- December 31, 2009 at 2:13 AM
"Best Wisites Jamie"
That photo begs to be on a T shirt! - December 31, 2009 at 11:25 AM
- Lisa P said...
I love all the wrecks, but I have to say, I laugh the hardest on the misspellings! So classic!
- January 2, 2010 at 6:41 PM
The anniversary one isn't a mistake : obviously it involves some pre-2002 Frenchpeople who are having a really, really cheap anniversary.
(At least I think Frs is the abbreviation for Francs, it might be Frc. 2002 is soooo long ago...) - January 11, 2010 at 8:01 AM
I thought the second one said "Jennifer Seasons".
- January 11, 2010 at 5:03 PM
- CleverGirlinSF said...
After reading some of the comments posted,I thought I would help shed some light on what may be going on with a few of these cakes.
Some of the writing is done after the decorator has gone home for the day. Usually it is a cake that is bought out of the case. If writing is requested,the responsibility falls on the person waiting on you.
Any decorator who gave a cr*p would try to prevent mishaps by making sure her coworkers had fresh writing bags available,show them how its done and encourage them to practice,and as a last resort,leave marzipan cut outs with "Happy Birthday" already written on them.
As for the rest of these cakes,I can only speculate that it has something to do with a serious flaw in employee drug screening procedures.
Hope this helps,
Shannon - May 14, 2011 at 1:13 PM
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A Cake Wreck is any cake that is unintentionally sad, silly, creepy, inappropriate - you name it. A Wreck is not necessarily a poorly-made cake; it's simply one I find funny, for any of a number of reasons. Anyone who has ever smeared frosting on a baked good has made a Wreck at one time or another, so I'm not here to vilify decorators: Cake Wrecks is just about finding the funny in unexpected, sugar-filled places.
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text:
Resilience from the Youth Up
As climate impacts ratchet up across the United States, the Great Lakes region tends to fly under the national radar. While the Great Lakes do not experience hurricanes, rising sea levels, or large-scale wildfires, the local climate has become increasingly erratic in recent years. The region, however, is one of the most unprepared in the country to cope with these impacts. A recent Grosvenor report (2014) on climate resilience among 50 global cities ranked Detroit last among 11 U.S. cities for adaptability and only better than three cities for overall resilience, which incorporates both climate vulnerability and adaptability factors. Of U.S. cities with more than 100,000 residents, Detroit has the highest percentage of African-American residents (80.7%, U.S. Census 2016). Still recovering from bankruptcy, the city also has a 39% poverty rate, which impacts over 56% of children (ibid). These socio-economic factors, coupled with other environmental justice concerns, such as a centrally located incinerator and an asthma rate of 15.5% among adults resulting in over 3,000 hospitalizations annually, make Detroit residents particularly vulnerable to climate impacts. This project will address the urgent need to increase resilience by working with high school students and teachers in Detroit and southeast Michigan to increase their awareness of climate change and develop projects that help their schools and neighborhoods become resilient to increased occurrence and intensity of heat waves, storm events, and flooding. Using NOAA assets, including GLISA localized climate data and Sea Grant outreach and education expertise, high school students and teachers will partner with climate scientists to explore local climate impacts firsthand and to develop resilience strategies and projects that protect vulnerable households and neighborhoods and contribute to broader sustainability initiatives. The City of Detroit seeks this involvement as it ramps up a new Office of Sustainability and seeks proposals to develop the city's first Sustainability Framework. The effort is a partnership with EcoWorks, Great Lakes Integrated Sciences + Assessments (GLISA), Michigan Sea Grant (MISG), Southeast Michigan Stewardship Coalition (SEMIS), Eastern Michigan University, Civic Research Services, Inc., and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In each of the next three years, 200 students from various high schools in the Detroit and Ypsilanti areas will participate in weekly activities related to the grant. The four primary objectives of the program include: 1) Engage students in assessing and quantifying climate vulnerabilities of their schools, neighborhoods, and surrounding community. 2) Using a place-based education (PBE) model, prepare educators to engage students in creating plans and completing projects that increase community resilience. 3) Empower high school students to teach residents about local climate impacts and increase understanding of resilience strategies to mitigate extreme weather events or other environmental hazards. 4) Contribute to the completion and implementation of local sustainability and climate action plans in Southeast Michigan.


text:
Lady Gaga arrives at the Versace atelier in Milan, Italy. (AP Photo/Luca Bruno, File)
NEW YORK (AP) — YouTube is launching its own music awards and Lady Gaga will perform at the first-time event.
The Google Inc.-owned company announced Tuesday that Eminem and Arcade Fire will also perform at the YouTube Music Awards on Nov. 3. The awards will be presented at Pier 36 in New York City and will stream live online.
The announcement said the awards show will honor "artists and songs that YouTube fans have turned into global hits over the past year." Nominees will be announced Oct. 17.
Actor Jason Schwartzman will host the YouTube Music Awards. A press release said the awards show will also feature events from Seoul, South Korea; Moscow; London; and Brazil.


text:
"The United States strongly condemns the steps that have been taken by Egypt's interim government" that have led to civilians "being killed in the streets," President Obama said Thursday from Martha's Vineyard, Mass., where he is vacationing with his family.
He called on Egypt's interim government to lift the state of emergency it has declared and said the U.S. has canceled joint military exercises with Egypt that had been scheduled for September.
"Our traditional cooperation cannot continue as usual while civilians are being killed in the streets," Obama said.
But he did not say the U.S. would cancel any of the several billion dollars' worth of aid — mostly military in nature — it sends to Egypt each year. Obama did, though, say the U.S. will consider "further steps."
His comments, the president's first since a bloody crackdown on supporters of ousted President Mohammed Morsi on Wednesday left hundreds of people dead and thousands more wounded, echoed a statement the White House previously issued saying that the U.S. "strongly condemns the use of violence against protesters in Egypt."
"America cannot determine the future of Egypt," Obama added, saying that "we do not take sides with any particular party or political leader." He noted, however, that Morsi, while democratically elected, led a government that was "not inclusive and did not respect the views of many Egyptians."
But the military that ousted Morsi and the interim government that was established have taken a "dangerous path," Obama said, with the harsh response to the protests by Morsi's supporters.
The president said Egypt must adhere to principles that stress "nonviolence ... and respect for human rights" as it transitions into a democratic state.
Update at 4:50 p.m. ET. U.S. Issues Travel Warning For Egypt.
The State Department on Thursday issued a new travel warning for "U.S. citizens to defer travel to Egypt and U.S. citizens living in Egypt to depart at this time because of the continuing political and social unrest."
Citing the country's state of emergency, the U.S. Embassy in Cairo urged Americans "who choose to remain in Egypt to comply with local regulations and follow local media for updates applicable to your specific location."
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