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Article Translations: (Spanish)
What Is Bronchitis?
Bronchitis (pronounced: brong-KYE-tis) is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, the airways that connect the trachea (windpipe) to the lungs. This delicate, mucus-producing lining covers and protects the respiratory system (the organs and tissues involved in breathing).
When a person has bronchitis, it may be harder for air to pass in and out of the lungs, the tissues become irritated, and more mucus is produced. The most common symptom of bronchitis is a cough.
When you breathe in (inhale), small, bristly hairs near the openings of your nostrils filter out dust, pollen, and other airborne particles. Bits that slip through become attached to the mucus membrane, which has tiny, hair-like structures called cilia on its surface. But sometimes germs get through the cilia and other defense systems in the respiratory tract and can cause illness.
Bronchitis can be acute or chronic. An acute medical condition comes on quickly and can cause severe symptoms, but it lasts only a short time (no longer than a few weeks). Acute bronchitis is most often caused by one of a number of viruses that can infect the respiratory tract and attack the bronchial tubes. Infection by certain bacteria can also cause acute bronchitis. Most people have acute bronchitis at some point in their lives.
Chronic bronchitis, on the other hand, can be mild to severe and is longer lasting — from several months to years. With chronic bronchitis, the bronchial tubes continue to be inflamed (red and swollen), irritated, and produce excessive mucus over time. The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is smoking.
People who have chronic bronchitis are more susceptible to bacterial infections of the airway and lungs, like pneumonia. (In some people with chronic bronchitis, the airway becomes permanently infected with bacteria.) Pneumonia is more common among smokers and people who are exposed to secondhand smoke.
What Are the Signs and Symptoms?
Acute bronchitis often starts with a dry, annoying cough that is triggered by the inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes. Other symptoms may include:
- cough that may bring up thick white, yellow, or greenish mucus
- headache
- generally feeling ill
- chills
- fever (usually mild)
- shortness of breath
- soreness or a feeling of tightness in the chest
- wheezing (a whistling or hissing sound with breathing)
Chronic bronchitis is most common in smokers, although people who have repeated episodes of acute bronchitis sometimes develop the chronic condition. Except for chills and fever, someone with chronic bronchitis has a chronic productive cough and most of the symptoms of acute bronchitis, such as shortness of breath and chest tightness, on most days of the month, for months or years.
A person with chronic bronchitis often takes longer than usual to recover from colds and other common respiratory illnesses. Wheezing, shortness of breath, and cough may become a part of daily life. Breathing can become increasingly difficult.
In people with asthma, bouts of bronchitis may come on suddenly and trigger episodes in which they have chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing, and difficulty exhaling (breathing out). In a severe episode of asthmatic bronchitis, the airways can become so narrowed and clogged that breathing is very difficult.
What Causes Bronchitis?
Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses, and it may occur together with or following a cold or other respiratory infection. Germs such as viruses can be spread from person to person by coughing. They can also be spread if you touch your mouth, nose, or eyes after coming into contact with respiratory fluids from an infected person.
Smoking (even for a brief time) and being around tobacco smoke, chemical fumes, and other air pollutants for long periods of time puts a person at risk for developing chronic bronchitis.
Some people who seem to have repeated bouts of bronchitis — with coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath — actually might have asthma.
What Do Doctors Do?
If a doctor thinks you may have bronchitis, he or she will examine you and listen to your chest with a stethoscope for signs of wheezing and congestion.
In addition to this physical exam, the doctor will ask you about any concerns and symptoms you have, your past health, your family's health, any medications you're taking, any allergies you may have, and other issues (including whether you smoke). This is called the medical history. Your doctor may order a chest X-ray to rule out a condition like pneumonia, and may sometimes order a breathing test (called spirometry) to rule out asthma.
Because acute bronchitis is most often caused by a virus, the doctor may not prescribe an antibiotic (antibiotics only work against bacteria, not viruses).
The doctor will recommend that you drink lots of fluids, get plenty of rest, and may suggest using an over-the-counter or prescription cough medicine to relieve your symptoms as you recover.
In some cases, the doctor may prescribe a bronchodilator (pronounced: brong-ko-DY-lay-ter) or other medication typically used to treat asthma. These medications are often given through inhalers or nebulizer machines and help to relax and open the bronchial tubes and clear mucus so it's easier to breathe.
If you have chronic bronchitis, the goal is to reduce your exposure to whatever is irritating your bronchial tubes. For people who smoke, that means quitting!
If you have bronchitis and don't smoke, try to avoid exposure to secondhand smoke.
Smoking and Bronchitis
Tobacco smoke is the cause of more than 80% of all cases of chronic bronchitis. People who smoke also have a much harder time recovering from acute bronchitis and other respiratory infections.
Smoking causes lung damage in many ways. For example, it can cause temporary paralysis of the cilia and, over time, can kill the ciliated cells in the lining of the airways completely. Eventually, the airway lining stops clearing smoking-related debris, irritants, and excess mucus from the lungs altogether. When this happens, a smoker's lungs become even more vulnerable to infection.
Over time, harmful substances in tobacco smoke permanently damage the airways, increasing the risk for emphysema, cancer, and other serious lung diseases. Smoking also causes the mucus-producing glands to enlarge and make more mucus. Along with the toxic particles and chemicals in smoke, this causes a smoker to have a chronic cough.
What's the best way to avoid getting bronchitis? Washing your hands can help to prevent the spread of many of the germs that cause the condition — especially during cold and flu season.
If you don't smoke, don't ever start smoking — and if you do smoke, try to quit or cut down. Try to avoid being around smokers because even secondhand smoke can make you more susceptible to viral infections and increase congestion in your airway. Also, be sure to get plenty of rest and eat right so that your body can fight off any illnesses that you come in contact with.
Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.
© 1995-2024 KidsHealth ® All rights reserved. Images provided by iStock, Getty Images, Corbis, Veer, Science Photo Library, Science Source Images, Shutterstock, and Clipart.com


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The more background information you can provide the better. Here's a list of helpful information to share for a better flooring recommendation:
Have your room measured prior to visiting a store. Although a professional measurement will be taken before the floors are installed, having a rough estimate of the room's square footage can help the sales associate calculate approximately how much flooring will need to be ordered and how much it will cost.
Knowing your budget will help the sales associate find the most cost-effective flooring solution for your lifestyle and design needs. Financing is usually available if you're concerned about paying the total amount up front. Research available financing options to find the one that's right for you.
A sales associate can help recommend floor color options that will coordinate with a planned or pre-existing color scheme.
If you already have an idea of the type of floors you want, a sales associate can help determine if the flooring you've selected is the right choice for your lifestyle and budget.
Thank you for contacting Carpet One Floor & Home. Your local flooring expert will reach out to you regarding your inquiry.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ideal for Machine Quilting, it is a little heavier to show off the quilting stitches. This is the universal thread weight in the Makò range, perfect for quilting, it is also great for ditch stitching and fine detail work, while still having sufficient definition to look good when you want the thread and stitching to show. Available on 1000 metre (1094 yd) green plastic spool holder.
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The property or ad valorem tax is the primary source of revenue for local governments. Property tax revenues are used to operate schools and pay for vital services such as fire protection, law enforcement, public health, and more.
The amount of property tax you pay is based upon the value of your property and the tax rate as determined by your local government. The Tax Assessor's Office determines the assessed value of all taxable property in the county. The Board of Commissioners and the governing bodies of our cities and towns determine the spending priorities for their respective jurisdictions. The governing bodies will also determine the amount of revenue that will be available from all sources other than the property tax. The resulting tax rate is based upon the budgetary needs of the local governments after considering all other sources of revenue.
The Forsyth County Tax Assessor/Collector administers the property tax for the county, Bethania, Clemmons, Kernersville, Lewisville, Rural Hall, Tobaccoville, Walkertown, Winston-Salem and portions of High Point and King as well as all fire protection districts.
North Carolina law requires each county to reappraise real property (land, buildings and other improvements) at least every eight years. The law allows counties to reappraise more frequently at its discretion. Forsyth County has generally performed reappraisals every four years since 1988, which lessens the shift in values that occur over an eight-year period. The law also requires counties to appraise real property uniformly at its true value in money. True value in money is "the price estimated in terms of money at which the property would change hands between a willing and financially able buyer and seller, neither being under any compulsion to buy or sell and both having reasonable knowledge of all the uses to which the property is adapted and for which it is capable of being used" (NCGS 105-283).
The Tax Assessor's Office reviews every sale of real property recorded since the last reappraisal. Our appraisers utilize a market area by market area approach to the reappraisal, analyzing only the sales within or close by each market area to the greatest extent possible. Some sales are "disqualified", such as those between family members, related corporations, gifts, etc. as these sales usually do not represent market value. The needs and compulsions of buyers and sellers obviously influence sale prices. Analyzing all recent sales allows the Tax Assessor's Office to account for unusual circumstances such as those described above and develop a uniform schedule of values, standards and rules that can be applied to all properties. The application of the schedule may not exactly match every recent sale price; however, the schedule insures that each parcel of real property will be treated uniformly.
The assessed value utilized in calculating your 2020 tax bill was determined by the application of the Schedule of Values, Standards and Rules used in the 2017 reappraisal. The 2021 Schedule of Values, Standards and Rules will be used to determine your new assessed value, which is effective for January 1, 2021. This means the change in value that will be shown on your reappraisal notice occurred over a four-year period. Real estate values have changed since 2017. Property values generally do not change consistently throughout the county. The primary reason for a reappraisal is to periodically re-equalize property values to preserve uniformity and equity within the tax base.
Real property in Forsyth County was last reappraised in 2017. Personal property, such as automobiles, trucks, trailers, boats, business equipment, etc. is listed and appraised every year. This difference in the way real and personal property is valued has an effect on the amount of taxes you will pay before and after a reappraisal. This is because the same tax rate is applied to both real and personal property in North Carolina. Personal property values are not affected by reappraisal; therefore, a lower tax rate will reduce the amount of tax levied on personal property.


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There is a nuance we found with session timing out although the user is still active in the session. The problem has to do with never modifying the session variable.
The GC will clear the session data files based on their last modification time. Thus if you never modify the session, you simply read from it, then the GC will eventually clean up.
To prevent this you need to ensure that your session is modified within the GC delete time. You can accomplish this like below.
if( !isset($_SESSION['last_access']) || (time() - $_SESSION['last_access']) > 60 )
$_SESSION['last_access'] = time();
This will update the session every 60s to ensure that the modification date is altered.


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Scattered across the carefully landscaped main campus of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are the staff on the front lines fighting a rare outbreak of fungal meningitis: A scientist in a white lab coat peers through a microscope at fungi on a glass slide. In another room, another researcher uses what looks like a long, pointed eye dropper to suck up DNA samples that will be tested for the suspect fungus.
Not far away in another building is the emergency operations center, which is essentially the war room. There's a low hum of voices as employees work the phones, talking to health officials, doctors and patients who received potentially contaminated pain injections believed to be at the root of the outbreak. Workers sit at rows of computers, gathering data, advising doctors and reaching out to thousands of people who may have been exposed. Overall, dozens of people are working day and night to bring the outbreak under control. Nearly 200 people in more than a dozen states have been sickened, including 15 who have died.
There is a sense of urgency — people are dying, and lives could be saved if those who are sickened get treated in time. But it's not a race against a fast-spreading illness like avian flu or SARS — or even the fictional virus the CDC fails to unravel in the popular TV series "The Walking Dead." Unlike those outbreaks, this strain of meningitis isn't contagious and doesn't spread between people. It is likely isolated to the contaminated steroid, produced by the New England Compounding Center in Framingham, Mass.
"This is a very unusual infection," said Dr. John Jernigan, a CDC medical epidemiologist who is leading the clinical investigation team for the outbreak response. "So, treatment recommendations, diagnostic recommendations are all going to be new, and we're learning as we go on this one."
Meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, is not uncommon. But it is usually caused by bacteria, and it is very unusual to see it in patients with normal immune systems, Jernigan said. This strain is caused by a fungus that is common in dirt and grasses — people routinely come into contact with it without getting sick — but it has never before been identified as the cause of meningitis.
By Friday morning, officials believed they had reached about 90 percent of those who were potentially affected, Jernigan said. They planned to continue trying to reach every person to see if they've had problems and to warn them to be on the lookout for symptoms, which can include severe headache, nausea, dizziness and fever. The CDC says many of the cases have been mild, but some people had strokes.
A meeting is held each morning to review overnight developments and plot a course of action for the day, and another at the end of the day summarizes the day's developments and looks ahead to the next day. Maps on big screens in the front of the emergency operations center track the states where the tainted medications were sent and the tally of cases reported in affected states.
A few steps away in the joint information center, another team works to keep the information about the outbreak on the CDC's website up to date and disseminate information via the media and other outlets.
In another building on the campus tucked away in the northeast corner of Atlanta, in a part of the CDC that specializes in fungal infections, about 15 scientists in the reference and research labs are logging 12 hours or more a day and working through weekends to test samples coming in from around the country.
Because the lab scientists had never worked with this particular fungus in cerebrospinal fluid before, they had to quickly develop new tests to detect it before they could start analyzing the hundreds of samples — cerebrospinal fluid samples, cultures and bits of tissue — sent in from around the country, research lab team leader Ana Litvintseva said.
Dressed in a white coat Friday, Shawn Lockhart, the fungal reference lab team leader, peered through a microscope as images of what looked like red pea pods appeared on a computer screen next to him. Many other closely related fungi look similar, but a tiny dot at the end of a pod told him he was looking at the fungus believed to be at the root of the outbreak.
Normally, the reference lab works on difficult samples sent in from state health departments, while the research lab works on research projects. But the scale of this outbreak means those projects are mostly being shelved at the moment.
"The scale is much, much bigger than we would normally work with," said research lab team leader Ana Litvintseva said. "We are working every weekend and people are here 12 to 13 hours at a time and we're testing samples nonstop."


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Savory Mini Cheesecakes with Red Pepper and Green Tomatillo Chutney
Sunday Night Skillet Chicken and Rice with Tomatoes and Eggplant
Pan-Fried Zucchini and Yellow Squash with Cumin
Mango-Saffron-Champagne Granita
For the hors d'oeuvre, the Savory Mini Cheesecakes were a huge hit. This is something that will make many appearances at future parties. If you can find pre-made, mini phyllo shells, these will be even simpler to prepare. I didn't find them, so I cut whole wheat phyllo sheets into small squares. I layered the phyllo pieces in buttered mini muffin pans and brushed butter between each layer of phyllo. The cheesecake filling is a mix of cream cheese, sour cream, and an egg. That was spooned into each phyllo cup, and they were baked for 15 minutes. After cooling for a few minutes, the mini cheesecakes were topped with a tangy, spice-filled chutney made with curry leaves, asafetida, cumin seeds, fenugreek seeds, fennel seeds, onion seeds, black mustard seeds, dried red chiles, chopped tomatillos, red bell pepper, grated fresh ginger, a little sugar, lemon juice, and salt. As the chutney simmered and the house filled with the scent of those lovely spices, I was thrilled to have chosen this dish to start the meal.
The main course was one of those fabulous dishes that sits and simmers all by itself while you go about all the other things you need to do. To start, oil was warmed in a large saute pan, and a cinnamon stick and two bay leaves were added. Next, half a minced red onion, a few minced garlic cloves, and a couple of teaspoons of grated fresh ginger were sauteed until golden. I chopped, two big fresh tomatoes but canned tomatoes could have been used instead, and those were added next. The spices used here were a teaspoon of red chile powder, a teaspoon of ground turmeric, a tablespoon of ground coriander, and salt to taste, and those were added after the tomatoes had cooked for about ten minutes. A pound of boneless chicken that had been cut into big pieces was added and allowed to brown on all sides. I had two small, white eggplants from my CSA, so I chopped those into chunks and added them as well even though eggplant wasn't part of the original recipe. After the chicken was browned, a cup of brown Texmati rice was added with two cups of water, and it was brought to a boil. The heat was reduced, the pan was covered, and the dish was left to do its thing for about 25-35 minutes. The rice should absorb almost all of the liquid and leave the finished dish only slightly moist.
As the chicken and rice simmered, I set about cooking the side dish which couldn't have been easier. Zucchini, yellow squash, and sweet peppers were diced. Oil was heated in a large skillet, cumin seeds were added, and as soon as the cumin sizzled, the vegetables were dropped into to the pan. After about eight minutes, the vegetables were tender, and red chile flakes and turmeric were added. Some fresh lemon juice was squeezed over the vegetables just before serving. Dessert was already made in advance, and all that had to happen was to scrape the granita into pretty glasses and top with some lime zest for garnish. The granita was made by pureeing fresh, peeled chunks from two big mangos, some honey, a pinch of crushed saffron, some fresh lime juice, and a half cup of champagne. The puree was poured into a shallow pan and placed in the freezer. Icy crystals were scraped every hour or so as the granita sat in the freezer.
I'm still thinking about the sizzling spices and anticipating the flavors as each dish was started. The results were delicious from the start of the meal to the last bite of dessert. We were delighted to take part in a Worlds of Flavor meal.
This post is part of the DailyBuzz Food Tastemaker program with RiceSelect. I received the sample of brown Texmati rice and a stipend.
This post is brought to you by Rice Select.
I am a member of the Amazon Affiliate Program.


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What's interesting here, I think, is the way in which we're recapitulating the evolution of Original D&D - various discussions of various supplements, like here, and finding ways to adapt or recreate these systems for availability and use today. This doesn't surprise me, but there is an interesting possibility in all of this: at some point, Original D&D will have been fully re-imagined, but it's not at all clear that AD&D 1st Edition is the "natural" next step. Nothing against the fine folk who have put together OSRIC, but fairly soon we will be able to take our "Original D&D" in directions that were not thought of "back in the day" - and that will be a good thing, I think. YMMV.Victor hits several nails solidly on their heads here. Much as I love AD&D, there's very little question that its appearance between 1977 and 1979 was not a wholly organic development, except from a business standpoint. By that I mean that, if one reads editorials in The Dragon from the early days of the hobby, not to mention other fanzines and even the OD&D supplements themselves, AD&D doesn't seem to have been inevitable and one could argue quite cogently that it was in fact a volte-face on the part of TSR, a repudiation of Volume III's question, "... but why have us do any more of your imagining for you?"
I exaggerate, of course. For all its ponderousness, at its core AD&D is still a very "light" system compared to many of its contemporaries and successors. I wouldn't hesitate to call its mechanical design principles old school, though I would feel compelled to note that the way the game was sold and promoted laid the groundwork for much mischief later, both by Gary Gygax and others. AD&D was only possible in the wake of the twin legal battles with Dave Arneson and Dave Hargrave and the rise of convention play as an important element of TSR's business plan.
Let me reiterate that I'm not trying to saying AD&D is the Devil's own game or that Gary or TSR or anyone associated with those days were involved in some kind of conspiracy to suck the soul out of the hobby, as I think no such thing. However, I think it's quite possible to imagine an alternate history, one in which the inclusiveness and open-mindedness of the early days of the hobby hadn't disappeared once roleplaying became a big business. In such an environment, I don't think AD&D would have come about at all, as there'd have been no need, let alone demand, for it.
To imagine what such an alternate history might look like, you need only consider the current state of the old school renaissance. What you're seeing now is a "retro-clone" of this possible past. We have multiple games -- Swords & Wizardry, OSRIC, Labyrinth Lord, to name just three -- that all derive from the same root stock. Each is supported by a variety of third parties, as well as a fan community that freely and easily moves between them all without any sense that it's "wrong" to do so. There are fanzines and the latter-day equivalent of APAs, the blogs. This community is a chaotic, roiling mess, bubbling with creativity and discussion -- and arguments -- about how best to do this or that or what would happen if you mix these two things to build a third thing. There is no one true way here, even if there are some who will occasionally try to convince you otherwise. At the very least, there is no single True Game®, as no one has the resources to create the perception of one in the fans, who are frankly too happy with the embarrassment of riches to care anyway.
Again, I exaggerate, of course -- but only slightly. One of the reasons why I don't shirk from talk about an old school "renaissance" is because, in a very real way, this is a rebirth of the hobby. It's like it's 1977 all over again, except this time Supplement IV really is the last OD&D supplement and there will be no cease and desist orders sent to the House of the Dragon Tower.
How cool is that?


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Hop aboard the Estrella and spend five days travelling through the southern and central Galápagos Islands, witnessing firsthand what makes this destination so incredible. Hike through Punta Pitt and try to catch a glimpse of three distinct species of booby in the only place in the Galápagos you can. Relax on the white-sand beaches of Cerro Brujo, do some coastal touring through Punta Suarez, and send a postcard from Post Office Bay. Prepare to experience some of the best snorkelling of your life at Kicker Rock, Corona del Diablo, and Bahia Gardner.
All local flights to and from the Galapagos aare included in the cost of your tour. It is important that we have your passport information at the time of booking in order to process these tickets. Internal flight tickets are issued locally and will be given to you prior to the flight departure.
Flights to either of the airports in the Galapagos leave early in the morning on Day 2 and get you into the islands in the early afternoon. Flights back to the mainland depart between 10:00am and 1:30pm arriving in the early evening.
Please note that all flights to and from the Galapagos make a 1 hour refuelling stop in Guayaquil.
Maximum one piece of luggage per person weighing a maximum of 23 kilograms (50 pounds), plus one carry-on piece weighing a maximum of 10 kilograms (22 pounds).
Please note that if you have booked the "My Own Room" option for this tour, you will receive your own single room for all night stops
For details of your joining hotel please refer to your tour voucher, G Account, the G Adventures App or contact your travel agent.
Please note: All accommodation on the Estrella is upper and lower berths (bunks).
We believe single travellers should not have to pay more to travel so our group trips are designed for shared accommodation and do not involve a single supplement. Single travellers joining group trips are paired in twin or multi-share accommodation with someone of the same sex for the duration of the trip. Some of our Independent trips are designed differently and single travellers on these itineraries must pay the single trip price.
Hotels (2 nts), aboard the Estrella in twin-share (bunks) cabins (4 nts).
The Quito International Airport is approximately one hour outside of the city centre where your joining hotel is located. There are a number of routes the driver may take depending on time of day and traffic, however, the route often seems long and indirect. The easiest and cheapest way to get there is by organizing a taxi at the desk within the airport (approximately $30 USD). Private transfers generally cost more as the cars will need to drive from Quito, to the airport, and return. Immediately after the customs and immigration area, as you head to the exits, you will find a taxi stand. We strongly recommend you pay for the car at set rates from the taxi stand and therefore won't need to worry about sorting out a ride outside the airport facilities, where the situation tends to get more chaotic with many drivers vying for few clients. The taxis outside the airport area do not belong to the Taxi Airport Union and may charge higher fares.
There is also a shuttle available with the bus company Aeroservicios. Aeroservicios charges 8 USD to board a bus which will take you from the new airport to the old airport. The buses are new, comfortable, and often include wifi. From the old airport, a taxi to get to your hotel would generally cost $5 USD depending on the distance and location.
If you have paid in advance for an arrival transfer, a G Adventures representative will be at the airport to meet you. If for any reason you are not met at the airport, please call our local support line. If you are unable to make contact for whatever reason, please make your way to the joining point hotel via taxi.
Please note that Day 1 is an arrival day and no activities have been planned for that day other then your welcome meeting in the evening, so you can arrive at any time. Similarly the last day is a departure day during which no activities have been planned.
A G Adventures Representative will organize a short meeting soon after arrival, during which you will meet other tour participants and receive information about general and specific aspects of the trip. A welcome note will be left for you in the hotel so you have all the necessary information regarding the meeting time and your transfer times back to the airport the next day. If you arrive late, s/he will leave you a message detailing what time and where you should meet the next morning.
Excess luggage can be stored free of charge at the joining hotel during your tour if desired.
Laundry facilities are available at the start and end hotel at a charge. Full laundry facilities are not available onboard our yachts in the Galapagos. If you do want to do your own laundry we we suggest you bring non-polluting/biodegradable soap.
- Cotopaxi Volcano - Full Day Trip (70-100USD per person)
- Quito City Tour and Equator (50-60USD per person)
- Teleférico (8USD per person)
Your G Adventures group trip is met in Quito by a G Adventures representative. The aim of the representative is to give you the
required information for the rest of your journey and to assist with changing money, restaurant and excursion suggestions and general information about the city. We also use local guides where we think more specific knowledge will add to the enjoyment of the places we are visiting- we think it's the best of both worlds. For your shipboard voyage we have a highly experienced shipboard staff and crew, including a Galapagos CEO who is a local naturalist guide certified by the Galapagos National Park.
Max 16, avg 12
We recommend the use of a duffel bag or backpack (whichever you find easiest to carry). A good size daypack is also essential. If you don't wish to take all of your luggage with you to Galapagos, please ensure you have an extra bag you can leave behind at hotel storage and pickup on your return.
Please note that Galapagos is a protected National Park so your luggage will be checked before arrival and departure to and from the islands. Don't bring any food, seeds or other organic material that could affect the delicate ecosystem of the islands.
Porters are not often available, so be prepared to carry your own bags. Please remember that you can leave unnecessary articles in your joining hotel storage room. .
Please do not bring any alcoholic beverages aboard, as your boat has a bar offering a variety of alcoholic drinks and prices are reasonable.
LUGGAGE ALLOWANCE ON THE BOAT: Please note that the amount of luggage you can bring on the boat is LIMITED due to small cabin size. We recommend travellers use soft sided duffel bags of 40-50 litres in capacity. We will accept luggage types onboard, however if you are a single traveller sharing with another traveller, it´s especially important to keep in mind that cabins are small in size and it´s best to pack light. Luggage storage facilities are available at the start hotel for anything you don´t need while you are exploring the Galapagos.
Please note that the electric outlets on this boat are 110v and will have 2 flat prongs. If necessary, please bring an adaptor with you for your electric devices, ie, battery chargers.
All countries require a valid passport (with a minimum 6 months validity). Contact your local embassy, or consulate for the most up-to-date visa requirements, or see your travel agent.
As of Aug. 2019, the following nationalities will require a Visa to enter Ecuador: Angola, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Iraq, Libya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Syria, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cuba, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nepal, Nigeria, North Korea, Pakistan, Senegal and
Venezuelan nationals entering Ecuador must have a humanitarian visa.
** Please note that by February 2nd 2018, it will be mandatory for every traveler to show proof of insurance (covering medical, accident, death) to the immigration authority at the airport or border crossing into Ecuador. This insurance must cover the traveler for their entire length of stay in the country.
If you do not carry proof of insurance and/or an insurance assistance card that satisfies this requirement, it is possible that your entrance into Ecuador could be denied.
Check-in times and baggage allowances/restrictions vary by airline and can change at any time. For the most up-to-date information for your flight, please contact your airline. We recommend checking in online in advance to avoid potential delays at the airport.
While it is our intention to adhere to the route described below, there is a certain amount of flexibility built into the itinerary and on occasion it may be necessary, or desirable to make alterations. The itinerary is brief, as we never know exactly where our journey will take us. Due to our style of travel and the regions we visit, travel can be unpredictable. The Trip Details document is a general guide to the tour and region and any mention of specific destinations or wildlife is by no means a guarantee that they will be visited or encountered. Aboard expedition trips visits to research stations depend on final permission.
Additionally, any travel times listed are approximations only and subject to vary due to local circumstances.
Plane, motorized yacht (Estrella), van, panga, private bus.
Every traveller is different and therefore spending money requirements will vary. Some travellers may drink more than others while other travellers like to purchase more souvenirs than most. Please consider your own spending habits when it comes to allowing for drinks, shopping and tipping. Please also remember the following specific recommendations when planning your trip.
Credit cards and debit cards are very useful for cash advances. Visa cards are the most widely accepted cards. While ATMs are widely available some may not accept all international credit or debit cards. You may need to try at more than one machine if the first does not accept your card. You should also check with your bank before leaving to ensure that your card works internationally. You should be aware that to purchase products or services on a credit card a fee of 5%-10% usually applies. Do not rely on credit or debit cards as your only source of money. A combination of US dollar cash and cards is best. Always take more rather than less, as you don't want to spoil the trip by constantly feeling short of funds. Please bring USD banknotes in denominations smaller than 100, as they can be hard to exchange in Ecuador. 100 dollar bills of certain series (e.g. CB B2) can be especially hard to cash! CURRENCY EXCHANGE TIP: Please be advised that slightly torn notes, notes that have been heavily marked or are faded may be difficult to exchange. It is best to bring notes in fairly good condition, in denominations lower than 100USD (or equivalent). As currency exchange rates can fluctuate often we ask that you refer to the following website for daily exchange rates: www.xe.com
Illegal drugs will not be tolerated on any trips. Possessing or using drugs not only contravenes the laws of the land but also puts the rest of the group at risk. Smoking marijuana and opium is a part of local culture in some parts of the world but is not acceptable for our travellers. Our philosophy of travel is one of respect towards everyone we encounter, and in particular the local people who make the world the special place it is. The exploitation of prostitutes is completely contrary to this philosophy. Our CEOs have the right to expel any member of the group if drugs are found in their possession or if they use prostitutes.
Four nights cruising the Galápagos National Park aboard the Estrella, explore the marine wonderland of Kicker Rock - one of the Galápagos' most famous sites, search for pink flamingos at Punta Cormorant, learn about about the biological history of the islands from your Naturalist Guide
1. G Adventures requires your passport number, full name and date of birth at the time of booking. Please make sure you give this information to your travel agent.
2. Once you have confirmed your booking please give us your international flight details and advise us if you have any important issues such as allergies, special diets, etc.
3. The Ecuadorian government currently levies a Galapagos Islands Park entry fee of $100 USD per person. This is payable at the airport upon arrival in the park. It is not included in the cost of the tour, and must be paid in CASH. This fee funds Park maintenance and supervision in Galapagos, as well as ecological study, conservation and infrastructure development in Ecuador's other National Parks. Entry fees and the funds they generate for the National Park System are among measures taken by the Ecuadorian government to protect its natural heritage.
4. The Consejo de Gobierno (local government council) have implemented a system of Transit Control Cards at a fee of $20 USD per person. This card is to be purchased in CASH at a counter in the Quito airport before boarding the flight to the Galapagos. Please retain this card along with your passport as you will be required to present this upon arrival to the Galapagos Islands. Please note that this applies to all tourists entering the Galapagos Islands and is a supplement to the existing entry fee to the National Park and is not controlled by tour operators or travel agencies. It is the first of a number of initiatives to track, control and maintain the sustainable tourism targets set out by the Galapagos National Park and the Ecuadorian government in an attempt to preserve the fragile environment of the archipelago.
5. Please note that the rooming on our Galapagos yachts is done on a first-come, first-serve basis, and we are not able to guarantee the specific cabin you will receive on board. The cabins are comfortable and clean, all with private bathrooms. Due to the specific location of the cabins on board, the window sizes vary as well as the noise at times when the boat is navigating, given the proximity of the cabin to the engine room. Our friendly and competent crew will ensure the smooth and comfortable journey for the duration of your tour.
6. All travellers are required to pay the tax on domestic flights in Ecuador. Foreign travellers are exempt form this, and proving you are indeed a foreign traveller can be done by providing us with your international ticket number (ITN). Travellers who do not submit international ticket numbers at least 30 days prior to Day 1 of their tour will be required to pay the domestic tax on all included flights.
Please note that this tour combines with other G Adventures tours. As such, the staff and some travel companions on your tour may have previously been traveling together with G Adventures, prior to Day 1 of your tour. Likewise, some staff and travel companions may be continuing together on another G Adventures tour, after your trip concludes.
Eating is a big part of traveling. Travelling with G Adventures you experience the vast array of wonderful food that is available out in the world. On our Galapagos yachts, food is included, plentiful and made of fresh local ingredients. Dining is casual, tables are unassigned and the dining room is capable of seating the entire passenger compliment at one time. There is always a selection of different meals available, and vegetarians will find plenty of options. Special dietary requirements can be accommodated with advance notice, please advise us at time of confirmation. Coffee, tea and water are all provided free of charge. All other beverages, alcoholic and non-alcoholic are not included and can be purchased at the bar.
Should you need to contact us during a situation of dire need, it is best to first call either the G Adventures Representative (if one is listed below) or our G Adventures Local Office. If for any reason you do not receive an immediate answer, please leave a detailed message and contact information, so they may return your call and assist you as soon as possible.
If you have purchased an arrival through G Adventures or if an arrival transfer is included in the cost of your tour, please note that:
Your arrival transfer has been arranged based on flight information provided to us. If you are advised of a flight schedule change within 48 hours of your scheduled arrival time, we will do our best to rearrange your arrival transfer however we cannot guarantee this. If your arrival transfer does not arrive within 30 minutes after you have exited the arrivals area please take a taxi to your start point hotel.
G Adventures Office Quito, Ecuador
During office hours (Weekdays 9am-6pm Local Time)
From outside Ecuador: +593 2250 6610
From within Ecuador: 022 506 610
After hours Emergency number
From outside Ecuador: +593 999 506 000
From within Ecuador: 0999 506 000
If you are unable for any reason to contact our local office, please call the numbers listed below which will connect you directly with our Sales team who will happily assist you. Hours of operation by region can be found here.
Toll-free, North America only: 1 888 800 4100
Calls from UK: 0344 272 0000
Calls from Germany: 0800 365 1000
Calls from Australia: 1 300 796 618
Calls from New Zealand: 0800 333 307
Outside North America, Australia, New Zealand, Germany and the UK: +1 416 260 0999
At times, when the Estrella is being serviced, we will use another boat of equivalent standard and size.
The daily schedule consists of a shore excursion immediately following breakfast, lunch aboard and perhaps a siesta before the afternoon shore excursion. In the evening after dinner, your naturalist guide will brief you on the islands to be visited the following day. You are ferried from the yacht to shore via small boats called pangas. Landings are either "dry" or "wet", where you might have to wade ashore in shallow water. Your naturalist guide will accompany you during all excursions.
Located on the Equator, the Galapagos climate is tempered by the Humboldt Current, so you do not experience extreme heat. The warmest weather is December to June, when temperatures range from 22-33°C (72-90 °F), and the water temperature is in the mid 20s (mid 70°F). From July to November, the temperatures are cooler and range from 18-24°C (60s -75°F). The average water temperature rarely reaches 21°C (70°F).
Please also make sure you have access to at least an additional USD $200 (or equivalent) as an 'emergency' fund, to be used when circumstances outside our control (ex. a natural disaster) require a change to our planned route. This is a rare occurrence!
Our adventure travel e-newsletter is full of travel news, trip information, interesting stories and contests. To avoid missing out on special offers and updates from G Adventures, subscribe at www.gadventures.com/newsletters/
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The information in this trip details document has been compiled with care and is provided in good faith. However it is subject to change, and does not form part of the contract between the client and the operator. The itinerary featured is correct at time of printing. It may differ slightly to the one in the brochure. Occasionally our itineraries change as we make improvements that stem from past travellers, comments and our own research. Sometimes it can be a small change like adding an extra meal along the itinerary. Sometimes the change may result in us altering the tour for the coming year. Ultimately, our goal is to provide you with the most rewarding experience. Please note that our brochure is usually released in November each year. If you have booked from the previous brochure you may find there have been some changes to the itinerary.
VERY IMPORTANT: Please ensure that you print a final copy of your Trip Details to review a couple of days prior to travel, in case there have been changes that affect your plans.
Please take care when wandering about the city on your own, as pick pockets and purse-snatchers are common, particularly in the Old Town. Be safe and leave your passport, credit cards, traveller's cheques and cash you don't need in the hotel's safety deposit box. Most Quiteños are honest and genuinely helpful and friendly, but be safe and enjoy the city!
You must be 18 to travel unaccompanied on a G Adventures tour. For minors travelling with a guardian over 21 years old, the minimum age is 12.
Galápagos National Park Service guide while in the islands. Local G Adventures representative in Quito.
6 breakfasts, 4 lunches, 4 dinners
We don't expect any problems, and nor should you, but if for any reason you are unable to commence your trip as scheduled, as soon as possible please contact your starting point hotel, requesting that you speak to or leave a message for your CEO (if you are not on a group tour please refer to the emergency contact details provided in this dossier). If you are unable to get in touch with your leader, please refer to our emergency contact details. If you have pre-booked an airport transfer and have not made contact with our representative within 30 minutes of clearing customs and immigration, we recommend that you make your own way to the Starting Point hotel, following the Joining Instructions. Please apply to your travel agent on your return for a refund of the transfer cost if this occurs.
• Flight info (required) (Printouts of e-tickets may be required at the border)
• Insurance info (required) (With photocopies)
• Passport (required) (With photocopies)
• Required visas or vaccination certificates (required) (With photocopies)
• Vouchers and pre-departure information (required)
• Binoculars (optional)
• Camera (With extra memory cards and batteries)
• Cash, credit and debit cards
• Day pack (Used for daily excursions or short overnights)
• Ear plugs
• First-aid kit (should contain lip balm with sunscreen, sunscreen, whistle, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, bandaids/plasters, tape, anti-histamines, antibacterial gel/wipes, antiseptic cream, Imodium or similar tablets for mild cases of diarrhea, rehydration powder, water purification tablets or drops, insect repellent, sewing kit, extra prescription drugs you may be taking)
• Flashlight/torch (Headlamps are ideal)
• Fleece top/sweater
• Footwear
• Hat
• Locks for bags
• Long pants/jeans
• Moneybelt
• Outlet adapter
• Personal entertainment (Reading and writing materials, cards, music player, etc.)
• Reusable water bottle
• Shirts/t-shirts
• Sleepwear
• Small travel towel
• Sunglasses
• Toiletries (Preferably biodegradable)
• Watch and alarm clock
• Waterproof backpack cover
• Windproof rain jacket
Health & Safety:
• Face masks (required)
• Hand sanitizer (required)
• Pen (Please bring your own pen for filling out documents.)
• Rubber gloves
• Drybag (Will help keep cameras and essentials dry)
• External battery pack
• Motion sickness tablets
• Sarong
• Snorkel gear (optional) (Only if own equipment is preferred.)
Warm Weather:
• Sandals/flip-flops
• Shorts/skirts (Longer shorts/skirts are recommended)
• Sun hat/bandana
• Swimwear
Tipping is an expected - though not compulsory - component of your tour program and an expression of satisfaction with the persons who have assisted you on your tour. Although it may not be customary to you, it is of considerable significance to the people who will take care of you during your travels. At the end of each trip if you felt your G Adventures CEO or and crew did an outstanding job, tipping is appreciated. There will be two envelopes left in your cabin on the final night of your tour, one for the CEO and one for crew members. The amount is entirely a personal preference, however as a guideline a per traveller tip of 7-10 USD, per day for your CEO and 10-15 USD per day for the crew can be used.
Please note inoculations may be required for the country visited. It is your responsibility to consult with your travel doctor for up to date medical travel information well before departure.
You should consult your doctor for up-to-date medical travel information well before departure. We recommend that you carry a First Aid kit and hand sanitizers / antibacterial wipes as well as any personal medical requirements. Please be aware that quite often we are in remote areas and away from medical facilities, and for legal reasons our leaders are prohibited from administering any type of drug including headache tablets, antibiotics, etc. When selecting your trip please carefully read the brochure and itinerary and assess your ability to cope with our style of travel. Please refer to the Physical and Culture Shock ratings for trip specific information. G Adventures reserves the right to exclude any traveller from all or part of a trip without refund if in the reasonable opinion of our CEO they are unable to complete the itinerary without undue risk to themselves and/or the rest of the group.
Please note your Adventure travels to high altitude, in Quito. This is medically defined as anything over 8,000 feet (2,440 meters). Most people can travel to 8,000 feet with minimal effects. However, everyone reacts to altitude differently and altitude sickness can on set with some people irrespective of fitness and age. For details on how to best prepare and what to do in the unlikely event you are effected on your Adventure, please consult your physician.
Many national governments provide a regularly updated advice service on safety issues involved with international travel. We recommend that you check your government's advice for their latest travel information before departure. We strongly recommend the use of a neck wallet or money belt while travelling, for the safe keeping of your passport, air tickets, travellers' cheques, cash and other valuable items. Leave your valuable jewellery at home - you won't need it while travelling. Many of the hotels we use have safety deposit boxes, which is the most secure way of storing your valuables. A lock is recommended for securing your luggage. When travelling on a group trip, please note that your CEO has the authority to amend or cancel any part of the trip itinerary if it is deemed necessary due to safety concerns. Your CEO will accompany you on all included activities. During your trip you will have some free time to pursue your own interests, relax and take it easy or explore at your leisure. While your CEO will assist you with options available in a given location please note that any optional activities you undertake are not part of your itinerary, and we offer no representations about the safety of the activity or the standard of the operators running them. Please use your own good judgment when selecting an activity in your free time. Although the cities visited on tour are generally safe during the day, there can be risks to wandering throughout any major city at night. It is our recommendation to stay in small groups and to take taxis to and from restaurants, or during night time excursions.
Protests and Demonstrations- Protests and demonstrations, even those that are well intended, have the potential to turn violent with no warning. Counter protests can also turn violent. Action by security forces to disperse demonstrators and protesters may occur at any time. If you are in an area where demonstrators or protesters are gathering, avoid the temptation of staying for a good photo opportunity and leave the area immediately.
Water based activities have an element of danger and excitement built into them. We recommend only participating in water based activities when accompanied by a guide(s). We make every reasonable effort to ensure the fun and adventurous element of any water based activities (in countries with varying degrees of operating standards) have a balanced approach to safety. It is our policy not to allow our CEOs to make arrangements on your behalf for water based activities that are not accompanied by guide(s).
Swimming, including snorkeling, is always at your own risk.
We take all prudent measures in relation to your safety. For ways to further enhance your personal safety while traveling, please visit:
Travel Insurance: Travel insurance is compulsory in order to participate on any of our trips. When travelling on a group trip, you will not be permitted to join the group until evidence of travel insurance has been sighted by your CEO, who will take note of your insurance details. When selecting a travel insurance policy please bear in mind that all clients must have medical coverage and that we require a minimum coverage of USD 200,000 for repatriation and emergency rescue. We strongly recommend that the policy also covers personal liability, cancellation, curtailment and loss of luggage and personal effects. If you have credit card insurance we require proof of purchase of the trip (a receipt of credit card statement) with a credit card in your name. Contact your bank for details of their participating insurer, the level of coverage and emergency contact telephone number.
After your travels, we want to hear from you! Your feedback information is so important to us that we'll give you 5% off the price of your next G Adventures trip if your feedback is completed on-line within 30 days of finishing your trip. Your tour evaluation will be e-mailed to you 24 hours after the conclusion of your trip. If you do not receive the tour evaluation link in the days after your tour has finished, please drop us a line at [email protected] and we will send it on to you.
Cruise the Galápagos Islands aboard the Estrella (4 nts). All meals aboard the Estrella. Certified Galápagos National Park Service Guide. Snorkelling at Isla Lobos, Kicker Rock, Gardner Bay and Corona del Diablo. Opportunity to see the waved albatross from Apr - Nov (Española Island). Post Office Bay visit (Floreana Island). Onboard snorkelling equipment and wetsuits. Internal flights. All transport between destinations and to/from included activities.
Arrive at any time.
Opt to pre-book the "Quito City Tour & Equator Line" activity on the checkout page ahead of time to include this optional on your tour.
Fly to San Cristóbal Island. Meet the guide and transfer to the boat. Visit Isla Lobos in the afternoon.
In the afternoon, transfer to the boat. Continue to Lobos Island and be welcomed by frolicking sea lions. Watch for sea lions swimming underwater while snorkelling in the calm clear waters.
Flights from Quito to Baltra depart between 6:40am and 9:40am depending on the day of the week. These will arrive into the Galápagos between 9:30am and 12:30pm with a short refuelling stop in Guayaquil (you will not disembark the plane). You will generally arrive onto the boat in time for lunch on Day 2 before your afternoon activity.
Please note: The National Park charges a visitor fee of USD100, payable on arrival, which funds park maintenance and supervision in the Galápagos, as well as ecological study, conservation, and infrastructure development in Ecuador's other National Parks. Entry fees and the funds they generate for the national park system are among measures taken by the Ecuadorian government to protect its natural heritage.
Enjoy a morning visit to Punta Pitt, the only site in the Galápagos where it is possible to see the three species of boobies as well as frigatebirds, all nesting in the same area. Walk up to the colonies along the lava flows of this volcanic island. In the afternoon, visit the beautiful white powdery sand beaches of Cerro Brujo and snorkel with the marine life at the famous Leon Dormido, otherwise known as Kicker Rock, off San Cristóbal.
Arrive in the southern islands to spend the morning on the beach. Play the with sea lions and enjoy some of the best snorkelling in Bahia Gardner. Later, head to Punta Suárez on the extreme western side of Española and go for an amazing coastal walk with opportunities to see the Galápagos albatross, which generally nests between April and November.
Sailing south, arrive at Española Island, the southernmost island in the Galápagos archipelago. In the morning, visit Bahia Gardner and the small islands around the bay. Start the day with a walk on the white sandy beach home to a large colony of sea lions and a great chance to see them up close. After getting a picture taken with them, head out into the bay to the islands of Osborn and Gardner, two amazing snorkelling spots. Keep an eye out for many varieties of fish species, rays, and, of course, sea turtles.
Spend the morning visiting Mirador de la Baronesa on Floreana island and send a postcard from famous Post Office Bay. In the afternoon, enjoy a snorkelling excursion at the Corona del Diablo and landing at Punta Cormorant. Take guided walks to observe the birds and wildlife and learn about the natural history.
Please make sure you are a comfortable swimmer. Despite the protection from the open sea provided by the "crown," the water here can be rough and the currents strong.
Early breakfast and landing at North Seymour in the morning to observe the birdlife, including frigatebirds and blue-footed boobies. Disembark at Baltra and fly back to Quito.
Flights from Baltra to Quito depart between 10:00am and 1:00pm depending on the day of the week. These will arrive into Quito between 2:30pm and 5:30pm with a refuelling stop in Guayaquil (you will not disembark the plane). You will arrive back at the hotel in the early evening in time for dinner.
Depart at any time.
Duration: 7 Days
Service Level: Standard
Trip Type: Small Group
Physical Grading: 3 - Average
Travel Style: Marine
7 day Marine tour
The Department of Foreign Affairs has up-to-date advice for Irish citizens on staying safe and healthy abroad. For more security, local laws, health, passport and visa information see https://www.dfa.ie/travel/travel-advice/ and follow dfatravelwise


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The ferret: Pet or pest?
| Los Angeles
The difference between owning a ferret in Hawaii and one in Pennsylvania can be up to three years in jail — and hundreds of thousands of dollars in fines.
That's the penalty for ferret fans in the Aloha State, where the 3-pound members of the weasel and polecat family are banned amid concerns of the animals escaping and wreaking havoc on the islands' delicate ecosystems. Similar fears are behind a decades-old ban in California, which has one of the nation's most diverse ecosystems.
"The concern is that if these animals were released, like other non-native species have been, they would adapt and thrive and out-compete native species for food, and prey on native species," said Adrianna Shea, deputy director of California's Fish and Game Commission.
States have had problems with feral animals in nonnative environments, creating problems for native species by eating them or ravaging their food supply. Feral cats, for example, have decimated bird populations. In Hawaii, the introduction of the mongoose to combat a rat problem "was a very poor idea. Rats are nocturnal and mongooses are diurnal. They only saw each other for a short period between dusk and dawn," said Minami Keevin, a land vertebrate specialist with the Hawaii Department of Agriculture.
But ferret fans argue that the foot-long domesticated creatures make excellent pets and shouldn't be regulated by wildlife agencies.
"Ferrets are really wonderful animals for those of us who are so inclined. They are messy, and they're expensive, and they're demanding, but they are full of personality, full of love and full of joy," said Pat Wright, who lives in La Mesa, near San Diego, and has been fighting California's ban for nearly 20 years.
Keeping a ferret as a pet takes more time, care and money than owning a dog or cat. The American Veterinary Medical Association in Schaumburg, Ill., which recently posted a YouTube video on pet ferrets, noted that they need to be caged most of the time, require hours of exercise and emit a musky odor that many people find unpleasant. Large cages are expensive, but on the other hand, ferrets don't require as much medical or dental care as cats or dogs.
"They are wonderful little clowns that not only steal your heart but they will steal anything they deem is theirs. This includes your shoes, socks, pens, pencils, hairbrushes, potatoes, car keys, wallets and clothing. I had two ferrets that tried to take my notebook computer to what is called their hidey-hole," said AmyJo Casner of Harrisville, Pa., who legally owns ferrets Manny, Marcuz, and Marylin.
Their antics are better than antidepressants, said Casner, whose pets inspired her to start a ferret clothing line that she sells online.
A count of ferret owners across the U.S. was unavailable, but the American Pet Products Association said that in 1992, 2 percent of people who owned a small animal like a mouse, rat, ferret, gerbil, rabbit, hamster or guinea pig said they had a ferret. In 2000, 10 percent of small-animal owners said they had a ferret, and 7 percent in 2010 had them. That's despite bans in the two states, plus a number of large cities including New York, and U.S. military bases.
In California, where having a ferret can net a $500 fine or six months in jail, Wright estimated between 50,000 and 500,000 pet ferrets live a clandestine existence. His guess is based on ferret-supply sales and a 5,000-member mailing list for his ferret legalization cause.
Shea, who said Fish and Game has never tried to verify those numbers, said California doesn't have enough game wardens to chase violators, so the ban is not strictly enforced. Billboards close to the borders of Arizona and Nevada point motorists in the direction of ferret sellers. And most pet stores in California carry ferret food and supplies.
But the issue is taken seriously in Hawaii, where every report of a ferret is checked. One captured last year in Hilo was turned over to the Hawaii Island Humane Society, flown to Honolulu and quarantined until it could be shipped out of state. The penalty for importing, selling or possessing a ferret in Hawaii is a fine up to $200,000 and as many as three years in jail.
Dr. Valarie Tynes, a veterinarian with the AVMA, said breeders who spay and neuter ferrets before selling them could allay states' concerns that the animals could escape and procreate.
"I think there have been concerns by some that if ferrets got loose, they might thrive in the wild in the United States and possibly be damaging to native populations," she said. "I think it's interesting, as long as they've been pets, I've never heard of any place that's happened."
California's 80-year-old ban can be changed by commission vote or legislation, and there have been six attempts at a bill since 1994. A 2004 proposal came closest when it reached the desk of the governor — Arnold Schwarzenegger, who appeared with a ferret in "Kindergarten Cop." He vetoed it.
Wright is looking for another lawmaker willing to sponsor a new round of legislation, but conceded that task alone was difficult. With legislators facing issues like the budget, gun control and health care, he noted, anyone who goes to bat for ferrets will probably be mocked.


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All religions of the world are supposed to bring relief and help a man to find the answers to the most important questions. They are supposed to provide support in difficult times and make human life better.
This is also Buddhism – the fifth largest religion in the world. It stems from ancient India, and now it has many factions. Thanks to this it also found its followers among the inhabitants of the Western world. What attracts the next generation?
Buddhism is the religion without dogmas. Teachings, given by Buddha – Noble Truths of Buddhism – allow to break free from the suffering of life and get to know the true nature of reality.


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Every time it rained and we couldn't go outside for recess, we watched either Free to Be You and Me, Paddle to the Sea or Really, Rosie. I think they were the only films the school owned. It was tough back then. The movies were probably expensive to buy, and showing them required setting up both a complicated projector and a screen. (The first time I remember a grown-up saying "shit" was an afternoon when my first grade teacher dropped a heavy film cannister on her toe.)
I loved Free to Be, and still do, even though "William Wants a Doll" was sort of a cop-out because the ultimate message was "It's okay for a boy to play with dolls as long as it's because he wants to practice being a daddy." This did nothing to help those of us who wanted Barbies so that our G.I. Joes would have somebody to go shopping with.
As I don't have children, naturally I'm not so in touch with what's out there for them these days. So I was most interested to run across Birdfarm's post about games and books for kids with problems. Problems too big, presumably, for Barney's sage wisdom or even a Very Special Episode of "Rugrats."
Birdfarm thinks that some of the titles suggest a series, including one called Sammy's Mommy Has Cancer. She's absolutely right. Write these titles in light verse, and illustrate them with whimsical pen-and-ink sketches, and Sammy might turn out to be the next Madeline.
Sammy's Mommy Has CancerI smell a Newbery Medal.
Sammy's Daddy Has a Mistress
Sammy's Big Brother Deals Drugs
Sammy's Special Secret Game with Father Murphy
Sammy's Unusual Rash Down There
Sammy's Birthday Pony Falls Over Dead and Squashes His Pet Kitten
Sammy Flunks Fourth Grade
Sammy Gets Bashed in the Shower for Looking at Fred
Sammy Says Yes, Please to Heroin
Sammy Goes to Juvenile Detention
Sammy Is Unemployable with that Felony on His Record
Sammy Meets Betty Ford
Sammy Ends Up Dying Alone in a Cardboard Box Under a Bridge


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Parshat Vayikra
The Book of Vayikra (Leviticus), also known as Torat Kohanim — the Laws of the Priests — deals largely with the korbanot (offerings) brought in the Mishkan (Tent of Meeting). The first group of offerings is calledkorban olah, a burnt offering. The animal is brought to the Mishkan's entrance. For cattle, the one bringing the offering sets his hands on the animal. Afterwards it is slaughtered and the kohen sprinkles its blood on the altar. The animal is skinned and cut into pieces. The pieces are arranged, washed and burned on the altar. A similar process is described involving burnt offerings of other animals and birds. The various meal offerings are described. Part of the meal offering is burned on the altar, and the remaining parteaten by the kohanim. Mixing leaven or honey into the offerings is prohibited. The peace offering, part of which is burnt on the altar and part is eaten, can be either from cattle, sheep or goats. The Torah prohibits eating blood or chelev (certain fats in animals). The offerings that atone for inadvertent sins committed by the Kohen Gadol, by the entire community, by the prince and by the average citizen are detailed. Laws of the guilt-offering, which atones for certain verbal transgressions and for transgressing laws of ritual purity, are listed. The meal offering for those who cannot afford the normal guilt offering, the offering to atone for misusing sanctified property, laws of the "questionable guilt" offering, and offerings for dishonesty are detailed.
The Biggest Bar-B-Q In The World
"When a man among you brings an offering…" (1:2)
Imagine you're an intergalactic alien traveler flying over Jerusalem some two and a half thousand years ago.
Your 3D scanner picks up a beautiful building. Opening your intergalactic GPS, you enter: "Earth on five dollars-a-day", and read about what you're seeing. "…The Beit Hamikdash is the most spiritual place on earth…" Something doesn't seem quite accurate about this description because everywhere you aim your scanner all you can see are very physical things.
For a start, animals are being slaughtered, dissected and burned on what looks like the world's biggest bar-b-q. Wine is being poured down two holes on top of a square monolith on which the meat is being burned. Nearby, bread is being baked. Oil is being mixed with flour and fried in open pans. There are animals in pens, along with birds. Everywhere there are all kinds of cooking utensils. Men are washing their hands and feet. There is a column of black smoke rising perpendicularly into the sky.
This is spirituality?
You make a mental note to write to the editors of "Earth on five-dollars-a-day" that their description of this tourist spot is way off the mark. Our intergalactic traveler could be forgiven for mistaking what he saw, for indeed the Beit Hamikdash ostensibly was a very physical place. Our fearless voyager, however, failed to notice a key item in the Beit Hamikdash: the Aron, the Holy Ark. Inside the Ark was the Torah. It was only though the Holy Torah that the Divine Presence rested on the Beit Hamikdash and turned the most physical of places into the most spiritual.
The Beit Hamikdash is a microcosm of the Universe, and a macrocosm of the body of a human. If you look at a person he seems to be a very physical thing. He consists of sinew and flesh, fluids and membrane. And yet, he is so much more.
Just as the Torah caused the Divine Presence to rest on the Beit Hamikdash and the Mishkan, similarly the Torah turns flesh and blood into a dwelling place for the Most High.


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Car body repairs in Fulwood
Mendadent Car Body Repairs
Mendadent has served Fulwood for over 20 years', providing high-quality car body repairs that customers can trust. We only use industry-leading products and machinery to make quick and effective car body repairs to restore your car's former glory.
At Mendadent, our car body repair technicians are trained to the highest standards to fix, restore and revitalise all different types of vehicles including SUVs, sports cars, hypercars, hatchbacks and even classic cars too.
We offer the following services in Fulwood:
Car scratch repair in Fulwood
Mendadent are well equipped to fix all types of scratches, whether small or deep. Plus, thanks to our on-site paint mixing station, we're able to not only fix the scratch, but also replenish the original paint job, so your car's paintwork is fully restored and consistent throughout the bodywork.
We can repair a variety of different scratches quickly and efficiently. This includes:
– Car paint scratches
– Mobile car scratches
– Deep car scratches
– Minor car scratches
– Car window scratches
Our process for deep car scratch repairs
We have an efficient and effective process for deep car scratches that's carried-out by our expert technicians to make sure your car is completely blemish-free. Here's how it works:
Layer 1 – Primer – We use modern technology to apply the first layer of paint directly to the metal. We pay close attention to the make and detailing of every car to make sure it gets a bespoke treatment.
Layer 2 – Base Colour Coat – We use our on-site mixing station to match the original paintwork of the car we're operating on.
Layer 3 – Clear Coat – The final, clear-coated catalysed enamel finish will help protect your car from UV light, which can lead to fading.
Once all three layers are applied, the scratches, dents and marks will be removed, and the car as good as new. All that is required is a little time for the work to dry out and harden.
How long does car scratch repair take?
Scratches, scuffs and scrapes can all be restored and repaired, but exactly how long it takes to repair depends on the level of damage incurred. We have our own on-site mixing stations and the latest technology, so in most cases we'll repair the damage in just a day.
Our staff are also trained to the highest standards with the latest technology to make sure our process is efficient and quick.
How much does it cost to repair a car scratch?
Every car scratch is different, so without knowing the full details of the scratch, such as depth, length and location on the car, we can't give you an accurate answer.
However, with some more details, we can give you a FREE estimate. Simply use our car body repair estimate tool here, and with just a bit more information we can give you a cost estimate.
Do car scratch repair pens work?
Car scratch repair pens don't contain paint, but instead a clear lacquer. If the scratch is very superficial, small, and right on the surface, they can hide it pretty effectively – but for anything more extensive, it's best to get professionals involved to have your car looking good as new.
Alloy wheel repair in Fulwood
Our comprehensive 5-step process will restore your alloy wheels to get them looking their best again
1. Remove the wheels from the car and the tyres from the wheel.
2. Strip the bare wheel down to its bare bones, making sure that all corrosion, rust and dirt are removed from the wheel.
3. Sand down the wheel, using a sander, to ensure the wheel is super smooth.
4. Apply the paint, starting with the base layer – typically a metallic silver or black.
5. Allow the paint to dry, reattach the tyre to the wheel and the wheel to the car.
How long does it take to repair an alloy wheel?
An alloy wheel repair usually takes about 5 hours for us to complete. This means, in many cases, we can even have your alloy wheels repaired on the same day.
Is alloy repair or damage covered by insurance?
As with any insurance claim, any work needs to be approved by the insurer. After approval, the only cost you need to consider is the excess. To make life easier and save you time we will carry out the paperwork for you too.
Keep in mind that not all insurers will cover alloy wheel repairs – so it's worth checking your insurance terms when considering any car repair service.
How much does it cost to repair alloy wheels?
Each alloy wheel repair is different, which is why we prefer to give customers a bespoke price based on the nature of the repair and to give the best possible value.
We just need a few details from you to give you a FREE quote from the comfort of your home. Simply get in touch here to get your free estimate today.
Can you repair a cracked alloy wheel?
Cracked alloy wheels can be potentially dangerous. If gone untreated, it can lead to tyre blowout, making it incredibly difficult to drive and can cause damage to the surrounding area of the tyre.
Our expert technicians are qualified and trained to repair cracked alloy wheels to the highest standards to maintain the quality of the alloy's aesthetics and ensure the car is safe to drive.
Can a dented alloy wheel be repaired?
Dented alloy wheels are unfortunately very common – whether you've hit a curb or a pothole, it's really easy to dent an alloy wheel.
The good news is, we can repair dented alloy wheels, often with a quick and efficient turnaround to fit around your needs and schedule. Our technicians are also qualified and trained to the highest standard to fix dented alloy wheels.
Can a scratched alloy wheel be repaired?
Yes. Thankfully, a scratched alloy wheel is one of the easiest types of alloy wheel repairs. Our technicians are trained and qualified to fix any alloy wheel scratches quickly, efficiently and properly to cause minimal disturbance to your day.
Car dent repair in Fulwood
We can fix, revitalise and restore all different types of car dents for all cars, including SUVs, sports cars, hypercars, hatchbacks and even classic cars too.
We have over 20 years' experience in car dent repair and restoration, and only use leading products and machinery to restore and fix car dents.
Our car dent removal process in Fulwood
Our 5-step process will quickly and effectively remove dents – big or small – from your car. Here's how it works:
Step 1 – Inspect the size and depth of the damage to determine important factors, such as how long the work could take to finish and whether you require new panels to restore the vehicle.
Step 2 – Remove the panel to see whether we need to remove and replace the panel completely or operate on the existing panel.
Step 3 – Remove the paint and sand-down to the metal to focus on the damaged area
Step 4 – Repair the dent.using specialist equipment to pull or hammer-out the dent until it's smoothly in-line with the rest of your car's body work.
Step 5 – Finally, we re-apply the paint to make sure your car is looking new once again.
How long does it take to repair a car dent?
We would have to evaluate the damage in its entirety before giving you an accurate estimate. In some cases it can take just a couple of weeks for a car dent repair, though in other cases it can take longer.
You can get a FREE quote from us today where we'll be able to assess the repair properly to give you an accurate time frame.
Is car dent repair covered by my insurance?
In many cases, car dent repair is covered by insurance. But it's always worth checking your policy first to make sure.
Can you repair a car dent on a door?
Yes we can. However shallow or deep the dent, our expert technicians are trained to the highest standards to ensure the dent in your car door is repaired quickly and effectively.
Our technicians also have experience working on a wide range of vehicles, including hatchbacks, SUVS, sports cars and even classic cars too.
How much does it cost to repair a car dent?
The cost to repair a car dent varies depending on the extent of the damage. We can, however, give you a FREE estimate – all we need are a few details from you about the dent.
Can a car bonnet be repaired if dented?
Car bonnet dents are pretty commonplace and are often caused by objects, such as branches, falling on them or people sitting/standing on them.
Car bonnet dents can usually be fixed swiftly and effectively, and we can usually complete a car bonnet dent repair in a day to minimise impact on your lifestyle.
We use specialist equipment to ensure the dent is repaired and your car bonnet is fully restored. We always advise a professional completes the car bonnet dent repair to make sure the dent is properly fixed and doesn't reoccur.
Do you offer paintless car dent repairs?
Yes we do and it's a cost-effective solution to minor dents on your vehicle. This service can be carried out on-site where your car is, whether that is at work or home, instead of coming down to our garage, thanks to our mobile repair service.
Essentially we massage the dent out, using a delicate and simple technique to coax it out. That means that there is no need for panel replacement or paint stripping to restore the vehicle to its former glory.
Car Bumper Repair Fulwood
We offer a full range of bumper repair services in the Fulwood. See our list of services below. Find out more about our car bumper repair service here.
– Car bumper scratch repair
– Car bumper scuff repair
– Car bumper dent repair
– Cracked car bumper repair
– Mobile car bumper repair
Our bumper repair and restoration process
Our 5-step process will restore your vehicle to its former glory. Here's how it works:
1. Remove the bumper from the vehicle.
2. Sand the bumper down, removing all the layers of paint.
3. If there are cracks, we close and seal them using an epoxy. Or if there are dents, we will work them out and restore the bumper to its right shape.
4. Prime and re-paint the bumper, starting with the base layer – usually a metallic colour.
5. Re-fit the bumper and call the owner to let them know they can collect.
How long do bumper repairs take?
Your bumper repair will take up to 2 days to complete. This is because we apply strict quality checks to make sure your bumper is repaired and restored to the highest standards before hitting the road again.
Are bumper repairs covered by insurance?
Yes, car bumper damage is covered by insurance, but it's worth checking your policy to see exactly what extent of damage is covered. We will still be able to carry out extensive restoration work approved by your insurance, but just remember to check the excess policy too.
Can you repair plastic car bumpers?
Yes we can. A cracked car bumper needs specialised treatment from a trained car body repair technician to be repaired properly. Repairing a cracked car bumper can requires sanding, sculpting, sealing and painting.
How much does a car bumper repair cost?
This typically depends on the extent and severity of the damage. We can give you a free estimate here, all we need are a few extra details about the damage.
Is it safe to drive with a cracked car bumper?
No it isn't. A cracked car bumper can lead to dangerous and unexpected issues, and even minor cracked bumpers can worsen over time and end up costing you more money. We always recommend getting your car bumper repaired by a qualified and trained technician.
Does a cracked bumper need replacing?
In the majority of cases cracked bumpers will need replacing. This is to ensure that the bumper's structure and resistance to damage is maintained and improved, which often can't be achieved if the bumper has been cracked.
Car accident repair in Fulwood
We're car experts and enthusiasts at Mendadent and have vast amounts of experience treating and fixing all types of car accident repairs.
Here's why you should come to Mendadent for your car accident repair:
– Over 20 years' of experience
– The latest technology for car repairs
– On-site paint mixing station for better finishes
– Mechanics trained to the highest standards
– High attention to detail to service every type of vehicle
What cars can Mendandent repair?
We have vast experience of repairing and treating a wide range of brands and vehicles, including SUVs, sports cars, hypercars and your everyday hatchbacks. Our qualified mechanics can also service classic cars with the expert attention and detail they need.
How much will it cost to repair my car after an accident?
Because car accidents vary so much in terms of how much damage has been inflicted, we need to know more details about the extent of the damage before we can give you a quote.
You can use our handy estimate tool here, which just needs a few details about the level of damage involved and we'll provide you with an estimate on the same day.
How long does a car accident repair take?
This very much depends on the extent of the damage and which area of the car has been damaged. Minor damage, such as scratches and small bumps can be repaired on the day you bring your vehicle, however bigger repairs can take a week or two if there has been more severe damage.
How much does car value drop after an accident?
This depends on the level of damage, some cars can be repaired after a minor collision and not see their value depreciate, especially if the damage is just superficial.
However, more serious car accident repairs can lead to the value of a car dropping quite significantly. The best way to maintain the value of your car after a car accident is to get it repaired to a high standard by sourcing a quality service.


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Product Description
"Well, hello! Come right in! Oh, George! We've got company!"
Comedy's First Couple were busy hosts. As friends and neighbors of Hollywood's greats, you never knew who'd turn up next for a dose of Gracie's nonsense and a song or two from George. This 8 CD collection of hilarious half-hour visits to the Burns house features a galaxy of famous guests!
Rita Hayworth, Frank Sinatra, Veronica Lake, Fred Astaire, Alan Ladd, Jack Benny, Harpo Marx, Gregory Peck, Mickey Rooney, Ronald Reagan, and more stop by to exchange gibes with George, be baffled by Gracie, and delight audiences with their playful side.
Includes 16 digitally restored and remastered episodes, and a program guide by radio historian Elizabeth McLeod.
Episodes Include: Guest: Akim Tamiroff 12-22-42; Gracie's Dating Service (with Rita Hayworth) 12-29-42; Beauty Mark (with Veronica Lake) 02-16-43; Guest: Frank Sinatra 08-31-43; Guest: William Bendix 01-18-44; Fred Astaire Drives George Crazy 02-15-44; Guest: Dorothy Lamour 02-29-44; Guest: Alan Ladd 03-07-44; Back to College 11-29-45; Guest: Harpo Marx 05-09-46; Guest: Gregory Peck 01-06-49; Gracie Sends Sam Spade to Jail (with Howard Duff) 02-10-49; George the Cowboy (with William Boyd) 05-05-49; Gracie Adopts Mickey Rooney 05-19-49; Guest: Ronald Reagan 01-25-50; Al Jolson's Vigorous Life Style 02-01-50
CD-R disc media


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Major general sports news services
Sports for some people tend to be an activity that they indulge in for some form of exercise or relaxation. But for some is a lot more than the usual game. It can be termed as a passion, a type of all consuming dedication that some people have for sports. The seriousness and dedication that athletes give to their chosen field of sport is acknowledged with reverence plus a sportsman is considered to be the epitome of fair play, dedication, focus and commitment. All general sports activities are classified by their highly competitive nature and organized design.
Many of these general sports have almost achieved a cult like status with people following not only the game but in addition players and athletes linked to that game which makes them major sports celebrities. Many of the games that can be called in this category are football, baseball, basketball and hockey in the United States and Europe, While Cas a game was made popular by the British, it is most of the countries that then fell under the British Imperial rule that still enjoy the game with complete fervor.
There are a number of sports channels that sprouted around the world to take to sports enthusiasts the several sports events that took place in different parts of the world. One particular channel is ESPN. ESPN has been a steady broadcaster of all major sports championships which have taken place around the globe. This network calls itself the ?undisputed leader from the world of sports? and broadcasts live and recorded games from all general sports of football, baseball, basketball, cricket, golf to the not- so-general sports such as extreme or action sports and equestrian sports.
In America in addition, they broadcast college sports events such as college football and baseball. Their website ESPN.com gives detailed accounts of all the happenings in the world of sports with special features and columns and news from every possible sport. ESPN in addition has actively developed their fantasy sports portal that allows them to reach out to a wider audience that takes interest in fantasy sports and does not limit itself to providing general sports news.
FOX Sports is another extremely popular general sports news provider. Not only do they broadcast live games like the Major League Soccer and English Premier League Games in football, they also exclusively cover a number of auto racing events which are held in America, especially the NASCAR. They are the exclusive broadcasters of your Major League Baseball games until 2013.
It may safely be assumed that general sports enthusiasts are not only enthusiastic about the game such as football, baseball, cricket etc but they are also very inclined towards understanding the nuances and intricacies of the games. Many sports news providers help these sports followers by proving news, statistical reports, games analysis and up- to-the-minute reports of many general sports. With more and a lot more sports channels mushrooming within the already competitive media space, what sets the excellent channels apart from the general lot are their comprehensive sports coverage together with engaging format that gives its viewers information and entertainment – all at the same time.


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Puzzle Categories
Download a FREE Solution for your puzzles!
Cast Horse
Object | Disassemble and Reassemble the Puzzle |
Difficulty | Level 6 - Tricky |
Brand | Hanayama |
Type | Hanayama Metal Puzzles |
Dimensions | 5 3/4 in x 2 1/2 in x 2 in / 14.8 cm x 6.3 cm x 4.9 cm |
Packaging | Cardboard Box |
Watch the video review! Read reviews, and write your own! Request the FREE solution for this item!
Product Info
Note: Our level rating system is different than Hanayama's. Hanayama's level 1 is equivalent to our level 5.... level 6 is equivalent to our level 10.
Back in America's Wild West days, cowboys used any means available to prevent their horses from being stolen. According to legend, one resourceful cowboy had the idea of rigging horseshoes to work as a lock, which served as the origin of this puzzle.
Hint: "Horses"
Customer Reviews
Disclaimer: These reviews are written by our customers. Puzzle Master makes every attempt to keep these posts informative and relevant. If you find a post objectionable or inappropriate, please let us know by sending an email to [email protected]
A favorite from my childhood, this puzzle is deceptively difficult to figure out. Great for getting started on huzzles!
I just got it for Christmas from my sister. It took me a little time to solve it (I expected to solve it faster and I already got an idea for the solution, which was eventually correct, but I had to be careful on the path in order to succeed). I like the trick and for quite some time I did not understand it, although I have many other Hanayama puzzles with rating higher than this puzzle's. A true puzzler which can require some logical thinking, too.
I like the trick to solving this puzzle. In fact, it reminded me of a magic trick - it really does seem like solid passes through solid. Of all the level 2 Hanayama puzzles, I solved this one the fastest. Once you know the move, there's no real replay value, but I am looking forward to stumping my friends with this one.
i like it but when my dad bought it he tried solving it first i didnt even try it out and he broke it and its olny lvl 2 and he broke
Great puzzle....Great quality....
A classic design and very well made. This puzzle isn't too hard and my kids love it. My son (age 8) stumps some of his friends with this puzzle. He got it apart in 30 seconds, took him longer to get it back together!