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This is now a few years old; however the content is ever relevant. We find ourselves in a moment in time which none of us ever imagined. This country of ours is so big and diverse. Each of us having a difficult time understanding how we arrived here.
Category: groundhog day
Phil may not have seen his shadow today and I could not be more pleased at the prognosis of an early spring. I am however a little suspicious, my shadow was clearly evident today, and the forecast looks like winter has no intention of relenting.
SUPER BOWL TOMORROW IN NEW ORLEANS, snow in Newport
PUNXSUTAWNEY, Pa. (AP) — An end to winter's bitter cold will come soon, according to Pennsylvania's famous groundhog.
Following a recent stretch of weather that's included both record warm temperatures and bitter cold, tornadoes in the South and Midwest and torrential rains in the mid-Atlantic, Punxsutawney Phil emerged from his lair Saturday in front of thousands but didn't see his shadow.
Legend has it that if the furry rodent sees his shadow on Feb. 2 on Gobbler's Knob in west-central Pennsylvania, winter will last six more weeks. But if he doesn't see his shadow, spring will come early.
The prediction is made during a ceremony overseen by a group called the Inner Circle. Members don top hats and tuxedos for the ceremony on Groundhog Day each year.
Bill Deeley, president of the Inner Circle, says that after "consulting" with Phil, he makes the call in deciphering what the world's Punxsutawney Phil has to say about the weather.
Phil is known as the "seer of seers" and "sage of sages." Organizers predicted about 20,000 people this weekend, a larger-than-normal crowd because Groundhog Day falls on a weekend this year.
"I just hope he's right and we get warmer weather soon," said Mike McKown, 45, an X-ray technician who drove up from Lynchburg, Va., with his mother.
Phil's got company in the forecasting department. There's Staten Island Chuck, in New York; General Beauregard Lee, in Atlanta; and Wiarton Willie, in Wiarton, Ontario, among others noted by the National Climactic Data Center "Groundhog Day" Web page.
"Punxsutawney can't keep something this big to itself," the Data Center said. "Other prognosticating rodents are popping up to claim a piece of the action."
Phil is the original — and the best, Punxsutawney partisans insist.
The 1993 movie "Groundhog Day" starring Bill Murray brought even more notoriety to the Pennsylvania party. The record attendance was about 30,000 the year after the movie's release, said Katie Donald, executive director of the Groundhog Club. About 13,000 attend if Feb. 2 falls on a weekday.
Phil's predictions, of course, are not always right on. Last year, for example, he told people to prepare for six more weeks of winter, a minority opinion among his groundhog brethren. The Northeast Regional Climate Center at Cornell University later listed that January to June as the warmest seven-month period since systematic records began being kept in 1895.
"We'll just mark it up as a mistake last year. He'll be correct this year," McKown said hopefully.


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The spectacular advancements in the realm of medical science and technology that our globe has witnessed in the recent decades have been largely possible, primarily due to the amalgamation of medical science, engineering and basic science. Considering the challenges presented by medical science today, the country needs a new breed of skilled professionals who can work towards the fusion of medical science with technology and can bridge the two disciplines. Realizing the demand, IIT Kharagpur started the School of Medical Science and Technology (SMST) in the year 2001, with the objective to provide a platform of interdisciplinary teaching and research in diverse areas of medical science and technology. The school appeared as the first and the "only" of its kind in the country with a mission to have doctors, scientists and engineers working collectively to provide a platform of interdisciplinary teaching and research in the field of medical science and technology who can lead to a better integrated healthcare delivery system in India.
Our vision is to have a medical academic institute with a multi-specialty research centre at its core, with the motto of education and collaboration for biomedical research and development, alongside treatment and healthcare delivery.
Keeping with this philosophy, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (IITKGP) in collaboration with Tata Medical Center, Kolkata announces:
Joint MSc-PhD Programs in
(a)Molecular Medical Microbiology
(b)Medical Physics *
(c)Nuclear Medicine *
Molecular Medical Microbiology (Download course details)
This course aims to train candidates specializing in molecular diagnosis of diseases, who can work in hospitals and contribute to the decision making process along with the core medical practitioners. Additionally, the course aims to train medical doctors in advanced molecular diagnosis of microbes and pathogens.
Medical Physics (Download course details)
Medical intervention in the modern era, involves evidence based systemic therapy, surgical therapy and radiation therapy. Radiation therapy involves the use of high energy X-Rays, and charged particles to interact with living cells and cause preferential killing of cancer cells. To that end, the Medical Physics course aims to integrate in-depth knowledge of physics, radiobiology, and particle matter interaction to complement the medical knowledge of physicians.
Nuclear Medicine (Download course details)
Nuclear Medicine is the branch of medical science and technology which utilizes the radioisotopes for diagnosis and treatment of various disorders which are unique to augment conventional management strategies. This course aims to train experts who can act as Nuclear Medicine Technologists in clinical settings and also contribute towards research and development in the field.
Students of each programs will participate in the course work and acquire in-depth theoretical knowledge and extensive practical experience in laboratory/clinical settings at IIT Kharagpur and TMC-Kolkata. Degrees will be awarded by IIT Kharagpur.
M.Sc. in Molecular Medical Microbiology and Nuclear Medicine are of two years? duration. After completion of M.Sc, eligible candidates may get admission in Ph.D program as per IIT Kharagpur norms. In PhD work students will be involved in the relevant clinico-fundamental and applied medical research in collaboration with medical experts. Medical Physics students have to undergo compulsory 12 months? internship in a relevant hospital setting to fulfil essential AERB criteria. This may also be availedas one-year post M.Sc. paid internship at Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata
Interested and qualified candidates are requested to visit JAM 2019 website (http://jam.iitkgp.ac.in/) for necessary details about the application and follow the procedure accordingly.
For details contact at email@example.com
School of Medical Science and Technology
Phone +91-3222-282221
Note: * Pending Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) approval.

subset: commoncrawl


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Now that Steve Ballmer plans to be without a day job and has $15 billion in his pocket — give or take a small industrialized nation — everyone in Seattle is going to leap at the opportunity to spend his money for him. Here's my suggestion: Buy the NBA.
Yeah, it's a wacky idea. But from what I can tell, no one does wacky better than Ballmer, as the accompanying video attests. The video is from 2006, has had five million views on YouTube and every time I watch it, I laugh as I did the first time.
I mean, no CEO does a happy dance like that. The Dallas Mavericks' owner, Mark Cuban, the NBA lone iconoclast, wouldn't do that. Robin Williams wouldn't do that. New York mayoral candidate Anthony Weiner would do that, but only in his underwear.
So Steve: You are predisposed to wackdom. And you have a passion for hoops — playing, spectating and purchasing. But you were denied the latter in May, when NBA owners voted 22-8 to keep the Kings in Sacramento and deny relocation to Seattle for you and prime partner, Chris Hansen.
You attempted to buy the Kings from the Maloof family, who were their own special kind of wacky. As it turned out, the NBA wanted to get rid of them as much as they didn't want to move a team — even more than they wanted an extra $100 million of your money tacked on to the original purchase price. How often has that happened to you?
Well, come to think of it — twice.
If I'm keeping score correctly, you're 0-for-2 from the field in the NBA.
In 2008, you tried to keep the Sonics from moving to Oklahoma City when you pitched in the biggest part of a $150 million private share for a plan to renovate KeyArena. But when the state Legislature refused to consider diverting some tax revenue for a $150 million public share, Clay Bennett absconded with the team, out-maneuvering all of Seattle's business and political leadership.
In 2013, despite having the day job at the software shop, you, Hansen and the Nordstrom brothers put in considerable effort, time and money into creating an arena plan and buying and moving the Kings, only to be thwarted by an unexpected coalition of Sacramento politicians and California big-money investors to keep the Kings. The chase for a free-agent franchise by two eager markets was unprecedented in the modern history of American sports.
The Sacramento effort was abetted by Commissioner David Stern, who still bore a grudge against Seattle for dismissive treatment by state legislators during a 2006 visit. That was less than a year before he helped facilitate the sale of the Sonics from Howard Schultz to Bennett. He said in 2007 that if the Sonics were forced to leave Seattle, the NBA would never return on his watch. In May, his successful lobbying of owners assured he would keep his vow.
Atop all those obstacles was the surprising news last week that your partner Hansen apparently violated California election law by donating $100,000 to an anti-arena group in Sacramento that did not disclose as required his identity. Hansen admitted the deed, which occurred AFTER the NBA vote was lost. He said it was a "heat of battle" mistake he regretted, even though the battle was over.
He also said he acted alone, not telling you or his advisors. Not sure that is believable, but if it is true, what else has he not disclosed to you or the electeds who have supported his plan and its controversial location in SoDo?
It's true that in the world of big business, a campaign-contribution violation would be a petty crime. But as long as the project needs $200 million in public funding, the misdeed is a big deal to all the electeds and their staffs who supported him. And it gives ammo to critics who want to shoot down the arena's location.
In short, the NBA under Stern, the arena opposition in Seattle, and Hansen's dubious judgment are all working against the return of the Sonics. All are surmountable — Stern will pack his considerable baggage and retire Feb. 1 — but much work remains, and expansion is still an unknowable.
So, since spare time for you is nearly imminent, let's telescope the basketball timetable. Write a check for the whole thing. Rename it the National Ballmer Association. Be the king, again.
No longer would there be stockholders and employees to complain that you were distracted. Yet the move would be in harmony with the mantra you instilled at Microsoft — if you can't beat 'em, buy 'em.
If this seems a little too Russian-oligarch for you, there is a slower, more modest alternative: Pick up the $200 million portion of the arena project that is assigned to public funding. The electeds then would be off the hook, nobody has to wonder about Hansen, and if the location critics prevail via litigation, you can relocate the project to Bellevue.
A king would have his revenge and his castle in a kingdom that would appreciate that sort of thing.


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Immigrants' children more Democratic than parents
Associated Press
| Friday, February 8, 2013, 10:05 a.m.
WASHINGTON — U.S.-born children of Hispanic immigrants are more likely than their parents to identify themselves as Democrats as they integrate into American life, maintaining strong ties to their cultural heritage while casting themselves as liberal on social issues.
A wide-ranging study released Thursday by the Pew Research Center lays bare some of the difficulties for the Republican Party following elections last November, when President Obama won with support from 80 percent of nonwhite and ethnic voters. The report tracks the socioeconomic progress and views of second-generation Americans, the bulk of them Latinos and Asians who were born in the U.S. after a 1965 immigration law opened U.S. borders to millions of non-Europeans.
"What's striking over the past several decades is that the two groups at the heart of the modern immigration wave — Hispanics and Asian-Americans — have both been trending Democratic over time, as they sink their roots deeper into American society," Paul Taylor, Pew's executive vice president, said in an interview.
"Many decades ago, Ronald Reagan is said to have described Hispanics as 'Republicans who don't know it yet.' Well, it's 2013, and they apparently still haven't figured it out," he said.
The report says adult children of immigrants as a group are integrating into U.S. society and doing generally better than newly arrived immigrants in median income, educational attainment and English fluency. The second-generation group also reports increased social ties, including intermarriage, with other racial and ethnic groups.
About 60 percent of Hispanics and Asians in the second generation consider themselves to be a "typical American," roughly double the share of first-generation immigrants who think so. At the same time, however, the second-generation groups maintain strong ties to their ancestral roots in an increasingly multicultural U.S., with majorities identifying themselves by their family's country of origin, such as Mexican-American, or by a pan-ethnic label such as Asian-American.
The study is based on Pew's analysis of census data as of March 2012, as well as prior years, supplemented with data from Pew polls including the 2011 and 2012 National Survey of Latinos and the 2012 Asian-American Survey. It uses commonly accepted demographic methods and models to track the population of different generations over time.
In a sign of challenges for the GOP, the generation that includes U.S.-born adult children of more recent Latino immigrants moved politically to the left of those in their parents' generation.
Among Hispanics, 71 percent who are second-generation are Democrats or lean that way, compared to 63 percent in the first generation. Among Asians, the ratio also edged higher, 52 to 49, although not enough to be considered statistically significant.
In the broader public, 49 percent reported that they are Democrats or lean that way.
On social issues such as gay rights and abortion, the adult children of immigrants are more liberal. While 53 percent of first-generation Hispanics say that homosexuality should be accepted by society, 68 percent in the second generation said so. The disparity is even wider among Asians expressing support: 46 percent (first-generation) compared to 78 percent (second-generation). Among the general public, support for gay rights stood at roughly 56 percent.
For abortion, where support and opposition among the overall public is evenly divided, the share of Hispanics who said abortion should be legal in all or most cases grew from one generation to the next, from 33 percent to 55 percent. Among Asians, the share rose from 51 percent to 66 percent.
The study said the relative youth of the second-generation group contributes to, but does not fully account for, their leftward shift on social issues.
But not all issues strictly followed that pattern.
When asked if they preferred a big government offering more services or a smaller government providing less, second-generation Hispanics were less likely than the first generation to support a big government, 71 percent to 83 percent. The same trend of declining support applied to second-generation Asians, 47 percent to 57 percent. Still, support among second-generation Americans for big government was higher than that of the general public, which stood at 39 percent.
The study's findings come as a fiscally conservative GOP is seeking ways to expand its shrinking base of aging white voters. Some Republicans, including Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida, are now urging their party to embrace an overhaul of immigration laws, including a path to citizenship for 11 million illegal immigrants, to prevent Democrats from using the issue as a wedge in future elections.
Due to immigration and high births, particularly among Hispanics, first- and second-generation immigrants now make up 1 in 4 U.S. residents. They are projected to rise to more than 1 in 3 by 2050. The two groups will represent as much as 93 percent of the growth in the U.S. working age-population between now and midcentury.
Since President Reagan garnered 37 percent of the Hispanic vote in 1980, Hispanic support for Republican presidential nominees has generally fallen, reaching 27 percent last November, according to exit polling conducted for the television networks and The Associated Press. The exceptions: 2000 and 2004, when an immigration-friendly Republican, George W. Bush, won after capturing 35 percent and 44 percent of the Latino vote, respectively. Among Asian-Americans, GOP support has steadily dropped from 55 percent in 1992 to 26 percent last November.
Among the report's findings:
—Better off: Adults in the second generation as a whole do better than those in the first generation in median household income ($58,000 vs. $46,000); college degrees (36 percent vs. 29 percent); and homeownership (64 percent vs. 51 percent). They are also less likely to be in poverty.
—Group relations: About 52 percent of Hispanics and 64 percent of Asian-Americans from the second generation say their group gets along well with all other racial and ethnic groups. That's compared to 26 percent of Latinos and 49 percent of Asians from the first generation. In terms of marriage, about 26 percent of Hispanics and 23 percent of Asian Americans in the second generation have a spouse of a different race or ethnicity, significantly higher than in the first generation.
—Language use: About 9 in 10 second-generation Hispanic and Asian-Americans can speak English "well" or "very well," substantially more than the immigrant generations.
AP polling director Jennifer Agiesta and news survey specialist Dennis Junius contributed to this report.


text: Turner Motorsport - 2019 Website Survey Question Title * 1. Why did you visit www.turnermotorsport.com today? (Select all that apply) Looking to purchase car parts today Researching for a future purchase Comparison shopping Looking for technical information about a product (installation guide, instructions) Reading articles/blog posts Other (please specify) OK Question Title * 2. Were you able to find what you were looking for? Yes No If Not, why not? OK Question Title * 3. What could we do that would improve our website and make your shopping experience better? OK Question Title * 4. Please provide your email address for a chance to win a $100 Visa Gift Card! OK NEXT


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NATO Summit sends strong message of commitment to Afghanistan
Leaders from NATO's 28 nations and the 22 partners in the ISAF coalition today gave Afghanistan a clear, long-term commitment to continue supporting the Afghan National Security Forces after the NATO-led ISAF mission is completed in 2014.
Agreeing a NATO Strategic Plan for Afghanistan, the Heads of State decided on a new NATO-led mission which will focus on training, advising and assisting Afghan forces after they have assumed full security responsibility across the country by the end of 2014. This decision was taken at the invitation of the Afghan Government.
"Let me be clear: this will not be ISAF under a different name" said NATO Secretary General, Anders Fogh Rasmussen after the meeting. "It will be a new mission, with a new role for NATO" he went on.
The 50 nations that make up the ISAF coalition were joined by the President Karzai from Afghanistan, leaders from Russia, Japan, Pakistan, Central Asian states and key international community partners from the UN and the EU. The presence of these 60 leaders and senior officials demonstrated the strength and depth of international support for the stability of Afghanistan for the years to come.
Allies and partners reinforced this decision with a commitment to support the long-term financial sustainability of the Afghan National Security Forces as part of a broader international effort. "Today, we reaffirmed our strong commitment to support the training, equipping, financing and capability development of Afghan forces in the years to come" said Mr Fogh Rasmussen. "Allies and partners are playing their full part. I welcome the financial commitments that some have made, including additional ones offers I heard today," he added.
The responsibility to contribute to the financing of this effort is one for the international community as a whole, and NATO urged the international community to play its part. "This is an investment in our own security, to maintain the hard fought gains we have achieved together," Mr. Fogh Rasmussen said.
Afghan Forces will reach their full surge strength of 352,000 ahead of the scheduled deadline in October. The decision to gradually reduce these forces to a sustainable level will be taken once the transition process is complete after 2014. It will be based on an assessment on the security situation and the capability of the Afghan forces and taken together with our Afghan partners.
The meeting also agreed on the next stage of NATO-ISAF engagement in Afghanistan. Significant progress has been made since the Lisbon summit in 2010. The insurgency is under pressure as never before and the Afghan Security forces are growing in strength and confidence. They are taking an increasing lead for security and by the middle of 2013 will be providing the lead for security across the country, allowing ISAF forces to shift from leading combat operations to a more supporting role. There was broad agreement that the Afghan security forces are well on track to take full security responsibility across the country by the end of 2014.
As the Afghan Forces take on more responsibility, ISAF Forces can be drawn down gradually and responsibly.
The NATO Secretary General recognized the steps taken by Russia, the Kyrgyz Republic, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan to facilitate the transit of ISAF cargo. He also stressed that "we count on Pakistan's commitment to support the efforts of the international community to promote peace and stability in Afghanistan".
The Afghan Government is also playing its part. In a joint declaration with NATO and ISAF, the Afghan Government confirmed its commitment to a stable, democratic, society, based on the rule of law, and good governance. This includes the need to fight corruption and to protect human rights for all Afghans, including women.
"A peaceful, stable and prosperous Afghanistan will benefit the whole region and beyond," the Secretary General concluded. "Many challenges remain, but we are determined to succeed. And based on today's discussions, I am confident we will."


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Folkparken - Avalon Park
Land Rank #32
1,720 votes
453 more votes to overtake Austria in SL Tirol / Susy Flux Home Voting Station Votes also produce Land Points which can be gained in 2 ways:
- Players voting through their player HUD or through VOTE STATION
- When a coin is collected your land gets votes/land points (higher value coins more and coins with less value less but players can collect smaller value coins more often).
Note that land can loose more then just 1 LAND POINT if a player votes THUMB DOWN through his HUD so always make sure you also have lover coins placed on your land aswell as they respawn more quickly.
Parcel Description
or copy to your chat in Second Life:


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"Chewbacca? Is that you?"
Of course this question is often made more difficult by Chewy's striking resemblance to Big Foot:
His mixed lineage of both Ewok and Muppet ancestry:
And his constant, never-ending battle with constipation:
UPDATE: You guys continue to amaze me with your awesomeness. Madalina, creator of the Constipated Chewy, wrote in to tell me she's NOT a professional baker - so that's a definite my bad - but that she's fine with it remaining here. "I still get a laugh looking at it," she wrote, "and hope that it makes other people laugh too!" Thanks, Madalina, and may I say it's my hope that someday ALL bakers have your grace and good humor?
And as for the rest of you: Be sure to check out Madalina's blog Duh-Licious and show her some love, k?


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How can I know what size to order?
We have a couple options for you. We have size charts here: size charts. While they can give you a general sizing idea, they are not a foolproof way to find your perfect size. If you want to know how a specific item will fit, chat with a stylist on our site Monday - Friday from 10am - 6pm EST! After hours you may catch Jenny, our owner, who is always happy to help. You can also message us on social media and we will respond as quickly as possible. Our team of stylists will help you with all of your sizing, fit, and styling needs!
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Some promo codes will be restricted to full priced items only. There will occasionally be some that can be used for any purchase. Please read the accompanying information with each code.
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I have a 6 digit store gift card I want to use online, how do I do that?
Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com with a photo of the back of the gift card! We will convert it to an e-gift card for you to use online. This cannot be undone, but it won't expire for online use.
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To start the return process, send us an email to email@example.com. We will confirm that your return will fall within our policy and then approve your return. Then you will need to mail it back to us, including your invoice, using whatever shipping method you prefer!
Do you offer online exchanges?
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If there is one thing we love, it's YOU our sweet customers! We want to ensure that you always have all of the information you need. There is a label you will see on some of our products that come from California. We know… It looks scary! Our state doesn't require this labeling, but California does so you will see it in items sold in all stores, not just ours. If there is no label and you are not in California, it doesn't mean it doesn't have those same chemicals it just means there is no law regulating them. Since a lot of our clothing comes from California, it is something you may see. This link provides more information should you want to research further: click here!


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It happens every New Year: you say you're going to pay off your debt, gossip less and exercise more. But, after a month or so, you realize you aren't sticking to your guns.
If you want to keep your resolutions this year, consider these tips from Cosmopolitan.com.
Focus on one resolution. Committing to more than one thing can be overwhelming, and limits your chance at success. Pick the one habit or behavior you truly want to change and make that your project for the year.
Be specific. "I'm going to save a lot of money" is a nice thought, but it's impossible to stick to. Consider a more specific goal, like "I'm going to put $100 in my savings account each month."
Get others on board. Tell your friends and family about your resolutions. They'll protect you from potential setbacks and hold you accountable. Plus, you'll try harder to stick to your resolution so you don't disappoint the people you care about.
Write it down. Putting your goal down on paper and keeping it in constant view will make it feel tangible. Try a post-it note on your computer monitor or car dashboard.
Remember that it's okay to mess up. If you get derailed from your objective, reframe it as a learning experience and get right back on track.


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Open Government Program
All Resources
Search a listing of Government of Alberta open datasets and publications. Can't find what you are looking for? Suggest a resource.
Views: 342
January 1, 2020
Explains the production of barley in Alberta, including trends in yields and production of the crop, as well as cost of production and net returns.


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In this evolutionary process new species sometimes branch off from older ones and the history of life forms a tree-like pattern—an evolutionary tree. Indeed, the one figure in Darwin's book, shown below, was that of such a pattern.
As evolutionists further elaborated on Darwin's idea in the twentieth century the concept of an evolutionary tree became increasingly foundational to the theory. This figure below from a leading textbook [George Johnson, Jonathan Losos, The Living World, Fifth Edition, McGraw Hill, 2008.] is typical.
As the textbook explains:
Today scientists can decipher each of all the thousands of genes (the genome) of an organism. By comparing genomes of different organisms, researchers can literally reconstruct the tree of life. The organisms at the base of the tree are more ancient life-forms, having evolved earlier in the history of life on earth. The higher branches indicate other organisms that evolved later.
Evolutionists have even developed a Tree of Life Web Project, shown below, that provides information for each species and how the different species are related in the evolutionary tree:
And as more genome data have become increasingly available evolutionists naturally assumed it would be feasible to derive a comprehensive evolutionary tree:
Once universal characters were available for all organisms, the Darwinian vision of a universal representation of all life and its evolutionary history suddenly became a realistic possibility. Increasing reference was made to this universal, molecule-based phylogeny as the "comprehensive" tree of the "entire spectrum of life" [13, 14, 15, 16, 17].
A key corollary of this evolutionary tree concept is that the different traits of the species agree and point to the same tree. Various evolutionary effects may cause occasional differences between the trees, but roughly speaking, if different traits are used to reconstruct the evolutionary tree, they should produce similar trees. There may be some evolutionary "noise," but different traits should mostly agree.
In the early twentieth century blood immunity studies provided just such confirmation. The results provided a new trait that could be used to judge the similarity and difference between different species. When the results were found to agree with the previously established evolutionary tree based on visible traits, evolutionists hailed the findings as new proofs of evolution.
Similarly, evolutionists hailed similar confirmations in the molecular sequence data that were discovered later in the century. Here is evolutionist Jerry Coyne's summary from his recent book Why Evolution Is True:
Creatures with recent common ancestors share many traits, while those whose common ancestors lay in the distant past are more dissimilar. The "natural" classification is itself strong evidence for evolution. [p. 9]
Strong evidence indeed. Evolutionist David Penny made the point that this evidence provides a means to falsify evolution. The philosopher Karl Popper had argued evolution is not falsifiable, but for Penny this evidence proved Popper wrong. Penny showed how different proteins, compared across different species, lead to similar evolutionary trees. If they hadn't, Penny argued, evolution would be false.
Now, thirty years after Penny cited the congruence of different evolutionary trees as a prediction that could falsify evolution, it is not controversial even amongst evolutionists that the prediction is false. The plethora of new DNA and protein sequence data have provided a steady stream of incongruent evolutionary trees. These trees strongly conflict with the trees based on other sequence data, or with the consensus evolutionary tree. And the disagreement is far beyond evolutionary "noise." As one evolution wrote:
Phylogenetic incongruities can be seen everywhere in the universal tree, from its root to the major branchings within and among the various taxa to the makeup of the primary groupings themselves.
Another paper admits that "the more molecular data is analysed, the more difficult it is to interpret straightforwardly the evolutionary histories of those molecules."
Or as one evolutionist succinctly put it, "Life is not a tree." Here is how other evolutionists explain the evidence:
Darwin claimed that a unique inclusively hierarchical pattern of relationships between all organisms based on their similarities and differences [the Tree of Life (TOL)] was a fact of nature, for which evolution, and in particular a branching process of descent with modification, was the explanation. However, there is no independent evidence that the natural order is an inclusive hierarchy, and incorporation of prokaryotes into the TOL is especially problematic. The only data sets from which we might construct a universal hierarchy including prokaryotes, the sequences of genes, often disagree and can seldom be proven to agree. Hierarchical structure can always be imposed on or extracted from such data sets by algorithms designed to do so, but at its base the universal TOL rests on an unproven assumption about pattern that, given what we know about process, is unlikely to be broadly true.
Evolutionists are not sure just what the data mean, but even they agree that different traits, across different species, often do not produce congruent evolutionary trees. And the difference is not mere "noise."
How do evolutionists deal with this falsification? David Penny, the evolutionist who cited the congruence of different evolutionary trees as a prediction that could falsify evolution now has a different story. Penny now reveals that congruent trees never really were a prediction of evolution. After all, Darwin was not nearly so keen on promoting the evolutionary tree concept as he was descent with modification. In fact, according to Penny, the new evidence "enriches our understanding of evolution."
Likewise, another paper argues that perhaps the evolutionary tree was more of a heuristic than a prediction.
And as usual evolutionists appeal to a spectrum of explanatory devices to correct the narrative. The most prevalent of these epicycles is the horizontal gene transfer (HGT), a term that encompasses several known mechanisms by which genes can transfer between organisms such as bacteria.
In fact, if evolution is true then HGT must have been one of its key players. As one paper explained, HGT "has emerged as a central force in the evolution of many different prokaryotes."
But under evolution, HGT must also have been important in the evolution of eukaryotes:
and now cases of HGT in eukaryotes are emerging at an increasing rate and account for many adaptively important traits
So HGT is now a key mechanism of the evolutionary process. It can do what the old mechanisms could not. In fact, one must wonder how this powerful mechanism knows when to send which genes where. For the various versions of HGT are incredibly intelligent.
For instance, consider the HGT process of transformation in which DNA from the extracellular environment is imported into the cell via what one paper describes as "a complex process" involving a small army of protein machines.
Then there is the HGT process of conjugation in which the DNA is transferred via cell-to-cell contact. A bridge-like connection is constructed between the two cells through which helpful DNA is transferred. And the donor cell has the molecular machinery to verify that the receiving cell does not already possess the donated DNA. And the DNA includes genes critical in the conjugation process. The DNA to be sent over is nicked and unwound so a single strand can be threaded through the bridge connection.
Gone are the days of simple mutations creating so much of the biological world. They were reminiscent of those swerving atoms of the Epicureans. And like those swerving atoms, they are prima facie incapable of creating biology's wonders.
Beyond this obvious failure, much more than mutations are required to explain biology's patterns. The evolutionary tree is out and networks, or webs, or some such, are in. And a new set of mechanisms, such as HGTs, are the brains behind the creation.
But epicycles are not free. In this case, the marshalling of HGTs as the explanation for biology's patterns and success raises the question of where these complex mechanisms came from in the first place. According to evolutionary theory, evolution created the incredibly complex HGTs which then facilitated, yes, evolution.
Do they seriously expect us to believe this? Religion drives science, and it matters.


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Fumoto T205NS 1-1/8"-12 UNF Quick Oil Drain Valve
Incorporating Fumoto's larger size ball valves, Fumoto's TN series Oil Drain Valves are specifically designed for heavy duty trucks, construction equipment and industrial engines. Ideal for fleet maintenance, TN series valves are designed with an integrated nipple for attaching a drainage hose, making scheduled oil changes easier, faster and cleaner. Constructed of forged brass and stainless steel to exacting Japanese specifications, TN series valves are designed to provide a lifetime of dependable and reliable service.
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Josh Kitchen's young Mancos Lady Bluejays squad is still searching for that complete game.
The first 16 minutes between Mancos and Monticello (Utah) at Mancos High School on Tuesday night, was disastrous for the home team.
Mancos failed to get its offense going and trailed 28-10 at halftime.
In the second half, the Lady Bluejays soared back into the game.
Guards Brandi Bundy and Taylor Goff sparked the offense and Mancos climbed within seven points in the fourth quarter.
But it was too late.
The Lady Bluejays fell at home, 42-31.
"The girls fought and that's the kind of team we are. We're going to fight the whole way," Kitchen said. "We teach that in practice and the girls, they follow through. We have a lot of pride in who we are. We're just going to continue to grow."
Monticello (3-2) took its biggest lead at 30-10 after a Brittany Keith bucket. Then, Bundi provided that special spark for Mancos (1-3).
The junior guard scored five straight points, including a 3-point play off a hook shot that bounced on the rim and in.
A Danika Evensen layup later made the score 30-17, and the home blue and white faithful was loudly back in the game.
On the next Lady Bluejays' possession, Goff hit Bundi on a fast break lay in to stay within striking distance down 13.
Lady Buckaroos center Aapree Sheeran scored inside before the end of the third quarter, as Monticello led 34-19.
Emily Funmaker scored back-to-back baskets to open the fourth and Mancos trailed just 34-23.
Another Sheeran basket put Monticello back up 13. But Kayla Goff countered with consecutive 3-pointers for Mancos to make it a 7-point contest at 36-29.
Monticello coach Lee Chadwick called timeout with 2:15 remaining.
The timeout worked.
Keith nailed an 18-footer on the right base line and drew a foul to quiet the home crowd. Keith converted the 3-point play and the Lady Buckaroos were back up by double digits at 39-29.
Funmaker netted a high percentage layup to bring the score to 39-31. But Sheeran completed a 3-point play for the final margin.
Mancos out-scored Monticello 21-14 in the second half.
"He just told us to 'Keep our heads up and don't get down. The game's not over. We still have 16 minutes left in the game,'" said Bundi about what Kitchen told his team at halftime.
Kayla Goff led Mancos with eight points, while Bundi and Funmaker tallied seven and six points, respectively.
"We try our hardest to play together and to not let the defense get in our heads. It's getting better every week," Bundi said. "All of us played together in middle school, so it's like a family coming back together."
The Lady Bluejays host Nucla (2-3) on Saturday at 3:30 p.m.
[email protected].


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Blood of Dragons is the only author-approved MUSH based on George R.R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire. Play the Game of Thrones and become a part of the history of the Seven Kingdoms:
Want to learn more first? Start with the FAQ. Or check out the web forums.
Westeros.org is the premiere fansite for George R.R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire. Discuss the series on the forums and browse the fan-edited wiki. Read all about HBO's Game of Thrones, learn more about the books from our resource collections and play the MUSH.
New to the series? Read our spoiler-free review of A Game of Thrones.


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Issue brief: Bulk collection of records under Section 215 of the PATRIOT Act
According to documents leaked by Edward Snowden in the summer of 2013, the National Security Agency (NSA) is collecting the telephone records of hundreds of millions Americans. Telephone service providers are compelled to turn over the "phone metadata" – records on who calls who, when, and for how long – to the NSA on a daily basis. The government claims that Section 215 of the PATRIOT Act provides them with the authority to collect this information in bulk, even if the information is not linked to any crime or investigation. This has sparked an intense debate over whether Section 215 should be reformed to prohibit this bulk collection authority. Here is a primer on the law, starting with the key reforms we want to see happen.
Key reforms:
- Enact legislation to clarify that Section 215 of the PATRIOT Act does not grant government open-ended authority to collect private records of Americans in bulk. The USA FREEDOM Act takes significant steps toward accomplishing this goal.Section 101(a) of H.R.3361 and S.1599 (113th Cong.).
- End the NSA's telephony metadata bulk collection program. Instead, service providers, voluntarily holding business records, would be compelled to disclose records to the government in response to a targeted Section 215 order from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC).
What Section 215 does: Section 215 of the PATRIOT Act – encoded at 50 U.S.C. 1861 – enables the government to force private parties to disclose any "tangible thing," including business records, for national security purposes. To obtain the records under Section 215, the FBI applies for an order from the FISC. The FBI's application must show reasonable grounds to believe that the records are relevant to an investigation to obtain foreign intelligence information or to protect against international terrorism. If the FISC finds that the FBI's application meets the requirements, the FISC must issue the order. The orders are secret – recipients are generally prohibited from revealing anything about the order.
How the government uses Section 215: The government has interpreted Section 215 to authorize collection of private records about Americans in bulk, including records with no connection to an investigation. For example, the FBI uses Section 215 to force major American telecom companies to provide the NSA – "on an ongoing daily basis" – with the phone records of millions of Americans. These phone records – also referred to as "metadata" – do not include the content of conversations, but show who called whom, the date, time, duration and frequency of calls for millions of Americans who are not suspected of any crime. The NSA stores this data for up to five years. So far, the NSA's bulk collection of telephone metadata has lasted since 2006.
What types of records are included under Section 215: Section 215 is broadly worded, covering all business records on Americans. Section 215 specifically refers to medical records, educational records, book sales records, firearm sales records, tax records, and library circulation records. See 1861(a)(3). The statute also covers Americans' credit card purchase information, cell phone locations, travel logs, Internet behavior, and more. The DOJ says that any records showing relationship among people can be obtained in bulk with a Section 215 order.
Everyone's records are considered "relevant": Section 215 explicitly limits the government to the collection of records that are "relevant" to an investigation. However, the government (supported by the FISC) interpreted Section 215 to permit indefinite bulk collection of records on every American, including records that are not yet created – even though a tiny fraction of these records are actually used in any investigation. This interpretation renders the term "relevant" in Section 215 meaningless, calling into question whether there are any real limits to the government's claim of authority to collect private business records on Americans in bulk. Rep. Sensenbrenner, an original author of the PATRIOT Act, argued that this interpretation of Section 215 conflicts with Congressional intent.
The power of metadata (i.e. your associations): The government has defended the NSA's bulk collection of phone records by arguing that it is just collecting metadata, not listening in on phone conversations. However, metadata can be very revealing. It allows the government to scrutinize your contact with loved ones, doctors, lawyers, clergy, political parties, and others — details even close friends and family may not know. This information can reveal political activities, intimate relationships, health conditions, and more. It would be a significant loss for civil liberties to cede general authority to the government to collect private metadata in bulk about individuals who have no connection to an investigation.
Bulk metadata collection is unnecessary for national security: In recent months, several impartial sources with broad access to classified documents concluded the NSA's bulk collection program is unnecessary to protect national security, and that using more targeted methods would not impede our ability to fight international terrorism. The President's Review Group said, "Our review suggests that that the information contributed to terrorist investigations by the use of Section 215 telephony meta-data was not essential to preventing attacks and could readily have been obtained in a timely manner using conventional Section 215 orders. [E]ven without collecting and storing bulk telephony meta-data itself, there are alternative ways for the government to achieve its legitimate goals, while significantly limiting the invasion of privacy and the risk of government abuse." The PCLOB stated that, "We have not identified a single instance involving a threat to the U.S. in which the telephone records program made a concrete difference in the outcome of a counterterrorism investigation. Moreover, we are aware of no instance in which the program directly contributed to the discovery of a previously unknown terrorist plot or the disruption of a terrorist attack. […] In those few cases where some information not already known to the government was generated through the use of Section 215 records, we have seen little indication that the same result could not have been obtained through traditional, targeted collection of telephone records." In an 11/18/13 amicus brief, Sens. Wyden, Udall, and Henrich stated, "[We] have reviewed this surveillance extensively and have seen no evidence that the bulk collection of Americans' phone records has provided any intelligence of value that could not have been gathered through less intrusive means."


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Traditionally, an annotated law will include information about the application and intent behind the sections in a law. While many of the QS Community and Expert annotations will include these types of annotations, we have broadened the definition to also include references to:
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Latest News
Name Act Changes
On May 13, the BC government tabled Bill 26, the Name Amendment Act (No. 2), 2024, which proposes to prohibit persons convicted of serious Criminal Code offences from legally changing their names. Amendments will be made to the Name Act to prevent a legal name change by persons who have been convicted of prescribed offences, are declared a dangerous or long-term offender, or are found not criminally responsible for a prescribed offence due to a mental disorder. The Bill will allow the Vital Statistics Agency to request, receive and review the results of criminal record checks for individuals applying to change their names.
The specific offences for the purpose of the name-change prohibition will be identified by regulation and will include Criminal Code offences that are dangerous and cause significant harm to others, such as homicide or aggravated sexual assault and offences that target children.
According to Health Minister Adrian Dix, the bill will prevent convicted criminals and individuals who have committed offences causing serious harm to others from evading accountability and avoiding the negative consequences of their actions by legally changing their names.
The legislation follows the recent introduction of a member's bill, Name Amendment Act, 2024, by MLA Kevin Falcon after learning that Allan Schoenborn, who was found not criminally responsible for killing his three children more than a decade ago, had legally changed his name and attempted to have a publication ban imposed on his new identity.
Short-Term Rental Principal Residence Requirement - Now in Force (May 1st)
On May 1, 2024, the principal residence requirement in the Short-Term Rental Accommodations Act came into force. This means that effective May 1st, short-term rental accommodation services may be offered only in a host's principal residence or, in some circumstances, one secondary suite or other accessory dwelling unit.
Some communities have opted out of the principal residence requirement if they have:
- a population over 10,000 in the 2021 Census and a rental vacancy rate of 3% or more for each of the two previous years, or
- a population less than 10,000 in 2021, but are within 15 km of a municipality that meets the first criteria.
Some communities that are already exempt from this requirement may be able to opt in, as specified in the Short-Term Rental Accommodations Regulations. The request to opt in must have been submitted by March 31, 2024 and will take effect November 1, 2024.
Some types of accommodation service providers that are exempt from the new legislation can be found here.
For more information on the principal residence requirements, including a list of the communities where these requirements apply, visit the Ministry of Housing website.
New Police Act Amendments - Early Consolidation
Bill 17, the Police Amendment Act, 2024, partially came into force on April 25, 2024. The bill amends the Police Act to address three recommendations of the 2022 Special Committee on Reforming the Police Act, seven recommendations from the 2019 Special Committee to Review the Police Complaint Process and legislative changes requested by the Office of the Police Complaint Commissioner and the Ombudsperson.
The legislation makes changes to municipal police governance by:
- requiring municipal councils to determine who their representative will be on their police board;
- allowing police boards to elect their chair and vice-chair; and
- introducing mandatory training, a new code of conduct and requirements for boards to develop policies for handling service and policy complaints.
The bill also includes changes with respect to police oversight to improve efficiency of police misconduct investigations and discipline to:
- allow the Police Complaint Commissioner to call a public hearing earlier in misconduct investigations; and
- strengthen the commissioner's authority to conduct systemic reviews and investigations into the causes and contributors of police complaints.
For your convenience, Quickscribe has published an early consolidation of the remainder of the changes in Bill 17 as they will read when they come into force by regulation at a future date.
The class action privacy case, Ari v. Insurance Corporation of British Columbia, 2022 BCSC 1475 involved a claim by individuals (and those who lived with them) whose personal information was improperly accessed without an apparent business purpose, by an ICBC adjuster. The adj...
Karen Zimmer, Alexander Holburn Beaudin + Lang LLP on PRIVACY ACT
The Province's guidance [linked here: Guidance on wage or salary information on job postings - Province of British Columbia (gov.bc.ca)] confirms that employers do not need to include commissions or bonus pay, overtime pay, tips, or benefits on job postings. ...
Scott Marcinkow, Harper Grey LLP on PAY TRANSPARENCY ACT
Maddock v. British Columbia, 2022 BCSC 1605: Section 54(h) empowers the Provincial Health Officer ("PHO") to decline the request of a person affected to reconsider (s. 43), review (s. 44), or reassess (s. 45) an order or a variance order during an emergency. This provision exi...
Joel Morris, Harper Grey LLP on PUBLIC HEALTH ACT
The theory of corporate identification attributes the intention of a company's "directing mind" to the corporation for the purposes of establishing corporate mens rea. The doctrine is engaged where the action taken by the directing mind was: within the field ...
Debby Cumberford, Deborah M. Cumberford on BUSINESS CORPORATIONS ACT
By Order in Council No. 628, on November 27, 2023, the Lieutenant Governor in Council amended s. 5 of the Disbursements and Expert Evidence Regulation, BC Reg, 210/2020 ("Regulation"). Section 5 of the Regulation limits recovery of disbursements in motor vehicle litigation to ...
OnPoint Legal Research, Onpoint Legal Research Law Corporation on B.C. Reg. 241/2023
The Mental Health Act has no purpose or principles guiding statutory interpretation and application. In A.T. v. British Columbia (Mental Health Review Board), 2023 BCCA 283 at paras. 68-73 the Court summarized different purposes that can be found through jurisprudenc...
Laura Johnston, Health Justice on MENTAL HEALTH ACT
This amendment removes "an architect, as defined in the Architects Act" in 31(a) but adds "an architect under the Professional Governance Act" in 31(f.1). This is a consequential amendment after the Architects Act was repealed on February 10, 2023 and architects are now ...
Scott Marcinkow, Harper Grey LLP on EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS REGULATION 396/95
Crisci v. Vancouver Island Health Authority, 2023 BCSC 1883: Section 51 encompasses not only the initial investigatory stage, but also the implementation stage of the complaint process.
Joel Morris, Harper Grey LLP on EVIDENCE ACT
This provision is mandatory and there is no discretion to order payment to be made to someone other than the PGT. See 2019 BCCA 171 at paras 7 - 11.
Dan Orsetti, Public Guardian And Trustee of British Columbia on WILLS, ESTATES AND SUCCESSION ACT
In July 2022 the Ombudsperson's Office released "Systemic Investigation Update: Report on the Implementation of Recommendations from Committed to Change: Protecting the Rights of Involuntary Patients under the Mental Health Act", which considers whether ...
Laura Johnston, Health Justice on MENTAL HEALTH REGULATION 233/99
In Cohen 2023 BCSECCOM 317 an application was made to the BC Securities Commission for orders than notice delivered under an advance notice policy requiring notice with respect to the election of directors be included in a circular and that the shareholder vote be rest...
Teresa Tomchak, Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt LLP on SECURITIES ACT
Section 36 of the Property Law Act does not apply to the Crown land owned or controlled by the Provincial government: Fox v British Columbia (Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development), 2022 BCSC 541
Peter Roberts, Lawson Lundell LLP on PROPERTY LAW ACT
The Court of Appeal quashed a decision of the Tribunal that denied legal representation on the basis that legal counsel could instead provide assistance anonymously and behind the scenes.
The constitutionality of the Civil Resolution Tribunal's limitation on legal representat...
Melanie Harmer, McMillan LLP on CIVIL RESOLUTION TRIBUNAL ACT
The Director of Adjudication allowed the Ministry of Attorney General, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Health's request that the commissioner grant certain remedies on the basis that an individual was abusing FIPPA's review and inquiry process: the com...
Karen Zimmer, Alexander Holburn Beaudin + Lang LLP on FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND PROTECTION OF PRIVACY ACT
This section was drawn from section 2.1 of the Arbitration Act, RSBC 1996, c. 55, and is needlessly confusing. On the one hand it seems to say that people can agree to arbitration anything that "may be the subject of a family law dispute in the future," while on the other is s...
John-Paul Boyd QC, John-Paul E. Boyd Arbitration Chambers on FAMILY LAW ACT
In Helgason v. Rondeau, 2023 BCCA 339, the Court of Appeal overturned the trial judge's decision that the respondent was not negligent when his vehicle collided with the appellant's vehicle. The judge erred in failing to recognize that the standard of care expected...
OnPoint Legal Research, Onpoint Legal Research Law Corporation on MOTOR VEHICLE ACT
In Tom v. Tang, 2023 BCCA 221, the Court of Appeal clarified that the objective standard of a reasonable will-maker applies to the will-maker's reasons for the provisions made for adult children. Previous decisions should not be interpreted as applying a subjective standard wh...
Stanley Rule, Sabey Rule LLP on WILLS, ESTATES AND SUCCESSION ACT
In applying this section, the Court may consider the following: "First, what were the testator's intentions with regard to the issue for which rectification is sought? Second, does the Will as written fail to carry out those intentions? Third, is that failure a consequence of ...
Stanley Rule, Sabey Rule LLP on WILLS, ESTATES AND SUCCESSION ACT
Decisions of the court under s. 17 are not limited appeal orders and therefore leave is not required under s. 11 of the Court of Appeal Rules to appeal.
Melanie Harmer, McMillan LLP on JUDICIAL REVIEW PROCEDURE ACT
Greg GEHLEN, GEHLEN DABBS CASH LLP on BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY ACT [FEDERAL]
The implications of this section are canvassed by Jennifer Bednard in "Will or Will Not: Practice Implications of Section 58 of the Wills, Estates and Succession Act Part I: What is a Testamentary Document Anyway?" (2020) 78 Advocate 527.
D. Michael Bain, K.C., Hamilton Howell Bain & Gould on WILLS, ESTATES AND SUCCESSION ACT
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Christopher Hirst, Alexander Holburn Beaudin + Lang LLP on BUILDERS LIEN ACT
The policy considerations underlying section 60 of the Wills, Estates and Succession Act, together with the nature of constructive trusts was the subject of some debate in a series of articles published in The Advocate in 2022.
A healthy and respectful canvassing of p...
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In Mithaq Canada Inc. 2024 ONCMT 9 the Ontario Capital Markets Tribunal (Tribunal) dismissed the application of Mithaq Capital SPC (Mithaq) to cease trade a private placement that Aimia Inc. (Aimia) completed in October 2023. Mithaq had asserted that the private placem...
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The purpose of this provision, embodying as it does the common law "indoor management rule", is clear: persons doing business with a corporation should not have to be concerned about whether the company's internal business housekeeping is in order. Instead, i...
Debby Cumberford, Deborah M. Cumberford on BUSINESS CORPORATIONS ACT
Section 35 is a "comprehensive code for the modification or cancellation of the interests in land identified in subsection (1)"(para. 40). It ousts the common law.
Peter Roberts, Lawson Lundell LLP on PROPERTY LAW ACT
Provisions in the Act which prohibit specific types of ipso facto clauses, such as this one, which invalidates clauses that grant an accelerated payment or forfeiture of term because of someone's filing of a Notice of Intention, do not oust the general common law "anti-dep...
Greg GEHLEN, GEHLEN DABBS CASH LLP on BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY ACT [FEDERAL]
In Singh v Singh, 2020 BCCA 21, the Court of Appeal restricts the nature of the "other factors" that may be argued in favour of reapoprtionment. Justice Garson reviews the specific factors identified in section 95(2) and, applying the principles of statutory interpretation, co...
John-Paul Boyd QC, John-Paul E. Boyd Arbitration Chambers on FAMILY LAW ACT
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text:
Sim cards
SIM-Subscriber Identity Module
The UICC (Universal Integrated Circuit Card) is a smart card which contains account information and memory that is used to enable GSM cellular telephones. One of the applications running on the smart card is the SIM, or Subscriber Identity Module. In common parlance the term "UICC" is not used an the phrase "SIM" is used to describe the smart card itself.
Because the SIM is just one of several applications running on the smart card, a given card could, in theory, contain multiple SIMs. This would allow multiple phone numbers or accounts to be accessed by a single UICC. This is seldom seen, though there is at least one "12-in-1" SIM card being advertised at present.
Early versions of the UICC used full-size smart cards (85mm x 54mm x 0.76mm). The card has since been shrunk to the standard size of 25mm x 15mm x 0.76mm.
Although UICC cards traditionally held just 16 to 64KB of memory, the recent trend has been to produce SIM cards with larger storage capacities, ranging from 512MB up to M-Systems' 1GB SIM Card slated for release in late 2006.
Each SIM is internationally identified by its ICC-ID (Integrated Circuit Card ID). ICC-IDs are stored in the SIM card and can also be engraved or printed on the SIM card's body during a process called personalization. The number is up to 18 digits long with an addition of a single "check digit" that is used for error detection. This single digit allows us to detect an input error of digits, mistyped digits or a permutation of two successive digits. This digit was calculated using the Luhn algorithm.
A typical SIM (19 digits) example 89 91 10 1200 00 320451 0, provide several details as follows:
- The first two digits (89 in the example) refers to the Major Industry Identifier.
- The next two digits (91 in the example) refers to the country code (91-India).
- The next two digits (10 in the example) refers to the issuer identifier number.
- The next four digits (1200 in the example) refers to the month and year of manufacturing.
- The next two digits (00 in the example) refers to the switch configuration code.
- The next six digits (320451 in the example) refers to the SIM number.
- The last digit which is separated from the rest is called the checksum digit.
These digits can be further grouped for additional information:
- The major Industry Identifier, Country Code, and Issuer Identifier Number make up the Issuer Identification Number (IIN) which is a maximum of 7 digits.
- The next several digits (variable length) represent the Individual Account Identification Number
- The final digit is a checksum digit
Location Area Identity
Operation networks for cell phone devices are divided into area locations called Location Areas. Each location is identified with its own unique identification number creating the LAI (Location Area Identity). A phone will store this number on its SIM card so it knows what location it's in and to be able to receive service. If a phone were to change to a new Location Area, it stores the new LAI in the SIM card, adding to a list of all the previous LAIs it has been in. This way if a phone is powered down, when it boots back up, it can search its list of LAIs it has stored until it finds the one its in and can start to receive service again. This is much quicker than scanning the whole list of frequencies that a telephone can have access on. This is a real plus for forensic investigators because when a SIM card is reviewed, they can get a general idea of where the SIM card has been geographically. In turn this tells them where the phone has been and can then relate back to where the individual who owns the phone has been.
SIM Security
Information inside the UICC can be protected with a PIN and a PUK.
A PIN locks the SIM card until correct code is entered. Each phone network sets the PIN of SIM to a standard default number (this can be changed via handset). If PIN protection is enabled, the PIN will need to be entered each time phone is switched on. If the PIN is entered incorrectly 3 times in a row, the SIM card will be blocked requiring a PUK from the network/service provider.
A PUK is needed if the PIN is entered incorrectly 3 times and the SIM is blocked (phone is unable to make and receive calls/texts). The PUK can be received from the network provider, or possibly the GSM cell phone manual. Caution: if PUK is entered 10 times incorrectly, the SIM card is permanently disabled and must be exchanged.
SIM Forensics
The data that a SIM card can provide the forensics examiner can be invaluable to an investigation. Acquiring a SIM card allows a large amount of information that the suspect has dealt with over the phone to be investigated.
In general, some of this data can help an investigator determine:
- Phone numbers of calls made/received
- Contacts
- SMS text (the message itself)
There are many software solutions that can help the examiner to acquire the information from the SIM card. Several products include:
- Inside Out's SIMCon
- SIM Content Controller
- Paraben Forensics' SIM Card Seizure
The SIM file system is hierarchical in nature consisting of 3 parts:
- Master File (MF) - root of the file system that contains
DF's and EF's
- Dedicated File (DF)
- Elementary Files (EF)
Data Acquisition
These software titles can extract such technical data from the SIM card as:
- International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI): A unique identifying number that identifies the phone/subscription to the GSM network
- Mobile Country Code (MCC): A three-digit code that represents the SIM card's country of origin
- Mobile Network Code (MNC): A two-digit code that represents the SIM card's home network
- Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (MSIN): A unique ten-digit identifying number that identifies the specific subscriber to the GSM network
- Mobile Subscriber International ISDN Number (MSISDN): A number that identifies the phone number used by the headset
- Abbreviated Dialing Numbers (ADN): Telephone numbers stored in sims memory
- Last Dialed Numbers (LDN)
- Short Message Service (SMS): Text Messages
- Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) selector
- Forbidden PLMNs
- Location Information (LOCI)
- General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) location
- Integrated Circuit Card Identifier (ICCID)
- Service Provider Name (SPN)
- Phase Identification
- SIM Service Table (SST)
- Language Preference (LP)
- Card Holder Verification (CHV1) and (CHV2)
- Broadcast Control Channels (BCCH)
- Ciphering Key (Kc)
- Ciphering Key Sequence Number
- Emergency Call Code
- Fixed Dialing Numbers (FDN)
- Forbidden PLMNs
- Local Area Identitity (LAI)
- Own Dialing Number
- Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)
- Routing Area Identifier (RIA) netowrk code
- Service Dialing Numbers (SDNs)
- Service Provider Name
- Depersonalizatoin Keys
This information can be used to contact the service provider to obtain even more information than is stored on the SIM card.
USIM-Universal Subscriber Identity Module
A Universal Subscriber Identity Module is an application for UMTS mobile telephony running on a UICC smart card which is inserted in a 3G mobile phone. There is a common misconception to call the UICC card itself a USIM, but the USIM is merely a logical entity on the physical card.
It stores user subscriber information, authentication information and provides storage space for text messages and phone book contacts. The phone book on a UICC has been greatly enhanced.
For authentication purposes, the USIM stores a long-term preshared secret key K, which is shared with the Authentication Center (AuC) in the network. The USIM also verifies a sequence number that must be within a range using a window mechanism to avoid replay attacks, and is in charge of generating the session keys CK and IK to be used in the confidentiality and integrity algorithms of the KASUMI block cipher in Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).
In Mobile Financial Services, USIM seems to be a mandetory Security Element for user authentication, authorization and stored credentials. With the integration of NFC Handset and USIM, users will be able to make proximity payments where the NFS handset enables contactless payment and USIM enables independent security element. This is the evolution of the SIM for 3G devices. It can allow for multiple phone numbers to be assigned to the USIM, thus giving more than one phone number to a device.
Service Provider Data
Some additional information the service provider might store:
- A customer database
- Call Detail Records
- Home Location Register
Service Providers that use SIM Cards in the United States
- T-Mobile
- Cingular/AT&T
Sim Card Text Encoding
Originally the middle-European GSM network used only a 7-bit code derived from the basic ASCII code. However as GSM spread worldwide it was concluded that more characters, such as the major characters of all living languages, should be able to be represented on GSM phones. Thus, there was a movement towards a 16-bit code known as UCS-2 which is now the standard in GSM text encoding. This change in encoding can make it more difficult to accurately obtain data form SIM cards of the older generation which use the 7-bit encoding. This encoding is used to compress the hexadecimal size of certain elements of the SIMs data, particularly in SMS and Abbreviated Dialing Numbers.
Authentication Key (Ki)
The authentication key or Ki is a 128 bit key used in the authentication and cipher key generation process. In a nutshell, the key is used to authenticate the SIM on the GSM network. Each SIM contains this key which is assigned to it by the operator during the personalization process. The SIM card is specially designed so the Ki can't be compromised using a smart-card interface. However, flaws in the GSM cryptography have been discovered that do allow the extraction of the Ki from the SIM card, and essentially SIM card duplication.


text:
Welcome to the fifth Merdeka Open House on Malaysia's 53rd Independence Day or most popularly known as Hari Kebangsaan in Malay. As with the tradition, come let's sing our national anthem, NegaraKu.
Tanah tumpahnya darahku
Raykat hidup
Bersatu dan maju
Rahmat bahagia
Tuhan kurniakan
Raja kita
Selamat bertakhta
Rahmat bahagia
Tuhan kurniakan
Raja kita
Selamat bertakhta
Selecting a theme for the open house is not an easy task anymore since we've done Recipe Long Forgotten where we revived forgotten recipes from our grandparents days on the first open house. The second installment we have a mixed pot with the theme Muhibbah. For the third, loads of noodles were served in Mee and My Malaysia. Last year, I have picked a very sweet theme of My Sweet Malaysia.
As for this year, it got on a bit special as there was a giveaway which was won by ROKH since her submission of the theme Food From Our Hearts were chosen by the mass to be the theme for this year's virtual open house.
For this theme, the challenge was not only to cook up a dish by someone special which could be virtually anyone but one has to write how that special one touches the heart to inspire one to replicate the dish. For those who are new to this event, Merdeka Open House is not just simply cooking a dish, take a picture and submit an entry or even several entries but there's alway a challenge attached to create a story except for last year when it was relaxed.
Anyway, let's get on to the open house spread...
Little Inbox (Eating Pleasure) hailed from Penang cooks up her father's favourite porky goodness dish of Bak Kut Teh. Gee I wish I could have a bowl now looking at the amount of ingredients in the pot! |
Ching (Little Corner of Mine) who resides in Colorado Springs, USA cook up a comforting dish of Tamarind Stew Pork with Daikon. This is one of the dish she had to called her mother for the recipe when she first moved to Colorado Springs. I guess recipes from our mothers are the best! |
Lianne (Imbi & Itchy) from Germany, reminiscing how she had helped her mother in the kitchen to cook up a pot of tummy warming Mee Hoon Kueh. |
First time entrant, Taca (Supergurl Stories) from Kuala Lumpur showed us how to make Serunding Ikan Bilis using her grandmother's recipe. This brave supergurl soldiered on to make this Ramadhan special by cooking this up for the family as her mother is hospitalised for dengue. Well we wish Taca's mother a speedy recovery. |
Wendy (Table for 2 or More) who is residing in Perak submitted a record of 4 entries! I really salute her for her dedication as each of her entry come with heart warming story behind them. Her first entry is the ever familiar Nasi Goreng Kampung (Malay Countryside Fried Rice) was her friend Ainur's recipe. Now this is truly a Muhibbah story go on and read it. |
SueSue (Cooking Momster) from Kuala Lumpur told us how her dad used to order this Prawns Fried Rice from the restaurants and replicated it at home. I could imagine how a simple dish could leave such a lasting impression. |
Kong Kay (Kong Kay Too) from Kuching, Sarawak tends to spring surprises each year. This year he had gotten his mother to show us the step-by-step pictorial guide on how to make a mean Sambal Petai with Shrimps and Tanghoon. There... tanghoon was the surprise here! |
Coming over from Montreal, Quebec, Canada is Elaine (A Series of Kitchen Experiments). She is submitting this Homestyle Malaysian Curry Chicken recipe that spanned two generations! I would love to mop this curry up with toasted Hainanese bread. |
This is Wendy's (Table for 2 or More) second entry, Salted Fish Steamed Pork is in tribute to her grandaunt. My version is the simpler one just pork and salted fish but I'm sure this taste better with the addition of salted black beans. |
Ahhhh finally Jason (Ipoh Malik Talak Sombong) who is now a resident of Petaling Jaya, Selangor, is cooking us something instead of getting his mother to do it! Judging from the photos, Jason does really takes after his mother in cooking up a storm in the kitchen. Just cross over and check out his Rice Cake with Preserved Vegetable & Dried Shrimp! Looks mean and yummilicious. |
This is the second time Reese from Boston USA participated in this event. She remembers her grandmother who used to make Ang Koo Kueh for special occasions and her she is trying her hands on some Ang Koo Kueh in a lovely shade of pink. |
Wendy's (Table for 2 or More) third entry is a real eye opener as she showed us the school she was posted to in Felda Selancar! I salute her for her dedication in allowing to be posted in a faraway land to teach. In tribute to Pak Yob's Canteen, she replicated the Spiced Fried Chicken in success. |
Gertrude (My Kitchen Snippets) lives in Pennsylvania, USA, with her hubby Carlos submitted a Savory Glutinous Rice also known as Chu Bee P'ng. Just like any mother, hers usually got up at 5.00am just to prepare a big pot of this rice during festive seasons. Since she's so far from home now, she have to cook this up just so the smell and taste reminded her of home. Ohh so comforting! |
Wendy's (Table for 2 or More) last entry is an iced cold Sweet Corn Sherbet. Gee, I wished I could remember the events in my life when I was five! Here's she replicating the sherbet her grandaunt used to buy for her from this ice cream lady in her pushcart! |
I'm glad Angie (Sea Salt With Food) from Vancouver, BC, Canada, is participating this time round. She took the effort even though she is on vacation now. Her Assam Prawns reminded of my mother's. She lamented that she had to do away with fresh torch ginger flower (bunga kantan) but luckily she could still get the dried version since it's the essential ingredient for this dish. |
I stumbled upon Suresh's (3 Hungry Tummies) blog just last week. Suresh blogs from Melbourne, Australia. I dropped in a comment and here we have an entry of Mee Hoon Kueh! Thanks for making this on time ;-) |
Pei-Lin (Dodol & Mochi) from Kuala Lumpur mastered how to make Hakka Taro Abacus Beads since her mother was impaired from a stroke. Her TeoChew mother took the pain to learn how to make this as her children all loved this dish a lot. Another great example of a "yar sei hau" (hmmm how to translate this to English??) mother! |
Daphne (More Than Words) resides in Perth, Western Australia with her loving hubby, AR. Since AR is a Malaysian, she gave him the honours to name a dish from his childhood and was surprised when he said Dhal. Seriously I won't be so surprised since the simplest food usually holds the strongest in our heart and of course tummy too! |
SueSue (The Momster's Kitchen) submitted her second recipe via her other blog. She replicated her Ah Mah's Steamed Kembung Fish. Ah Mah is a gutsy lady indeed to be able to take care of 5 children including SueSue and cooks as well when Ah Mah was already well into her 70s. |
I've met Nathan and Annie (House of Annie) recently when they were in Kuala Lumpur. They have moved to Kuching, Sarawak now. Annie is a Malaysian and Nathan is a Hawaiian. From our conversation I gathered Annie's mother is a fantastic cook as well. This time they're submitting her Popiah recipe but the link won't be up at the moment since they were busy gallivanting in Sibu with Kong Kay. Hehe I'm still waiting for her to post up her mother's mean bubur cha cha recipe! |
Little Inbox (Eating Pleasure) submitted a second entry. Another simple but yet delish Mint Leaves Omelette which her late grandmother-in-law used to cook for her hubby. So heart and tummy warming with mint leaves harvested from her own garden! |
We have another new entrant here, Weng (I heart My Bakes) who is staying in Perth, Western Australia now. Even though her mother is a Hakka but she has never heard of Hakka Abacus Beads. So Weng searched for the recipe and they both learnt how to make them. However Weng's mother tends to forget the recipe and each time she wants to cook this she have to go on Skype to ask Weng! Ahhh the wonders of technology! Anyway, Weng is submitting this recipe in Chinese so that Weng's mother could refer to the blog instead of asking Weng again for the recipe. |
My entry is actually an accidental one which I decided to submit for this year's Merdeka Open House whilst I was cleaning up bird's nest. In tribute to my mother who sacrificed savouring Bird's Nest Soup with excuse that she don't like it but in actual fact just like everyone's mother, they would just like to give their children the best! |
maameemoomoo (a ½ food blog) hailed from Singapore had just found out about this event only yesterday . She rushed off to the wet market today to buy the necessary ingredients and I stressed here pig's ears and intestines to be braised together with pork belly but alas pork stalls are not opened on a Monday. Wow seems like it's a universal day off for pork butchers as Malaysia is the same, well except for those located inside the supermarkets. Anyway, each time her mother made Braised Pork Belly, her dad would zoom into the belly where else her siblings will dig into the eggs first! |
PureGlutton (PureGlutton) from Kuala Lumpur made her mother's simplest but most delicious Eggs and Mint Leaves Soup. Her mother used to pluck the mint leaves in the backyard and cook up this hearty soup whenever she was too busy or there is nothing much in the fridge. I always advocate "the simpler the better" principle, so this soup will be bookmarked as I usually make this using Thai basil leaves instead. |
Hungryc (the hungry caterpillar) from Kuala Lumpur mentioned her mother used to make Kunyit Fried Chicken to feed her cousins who came to her house for tuition. I can imagine the din 11 children can make but I'm pretty sure it will be quite all right once their mouths are full from chomping on these fried chicken! |
Quinn (Quinn's Cooking With Love and Passion) who is located in Adelaide, Australia submitted her recipe of Tau Yew Bak (Soy Sauce Pork). She claimed that her recipe tasted close to her grandma's, if not better! Way to go Quinn! |
There you go, all the entries for this year's Merdeka Open House. Thank you to all participants. Selamat Hari Kebangsaan!
p/s: Do let me know if I've made any mistakes or left out any of your entry as I spent a couple of hours after 2 midnights working on the round up, kinda in a blur :p