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Hitler's bodyguard says his boss was 'no monster'
| Berlin
He was Adolf Hitler's devoted bodyguard for most of World War II and the last remaining witness to the Nazi leader's final hours in his Berlin bunker. To the very end, SS Staff Sgt. Rochus Misch was proud of it all.
For years, he accompanied Hitler nearly everywhere he went, sticking by the man he affectionately called "boss" until the dictator and his wife, Eva Braun, killed themselves as defeat at the hands of the Allies drew nearer. The loyal SS officer remained in what he called the "coffin of concrete" for days after Hitler's death, finally escaping as Berlin crumbled around him and the Soviets swarmed the city.
Even in his later years, during a 2005 interview with The Associated Press in which he recounted Hitler's claustrophobic, chaotic final days, Misch still cut the image of an SS man. He had a rigid posture, broad shoulders, neatly combed white hair — and no apologies for his close relationship with the most reviled man of the 20th century.
"He was no brute. He was no monster. He was no superman," Misch said.
The 96-year-old Misch died Thursday, one of the last of a generation that bears direct responsibility for German brutality during World War II. In his interview with the AP, he stayed away from the central questions of guilt and responsibility, saying he knew nothing of the murder of 6 million Jews and that Hitler never brought up the Final Solution in his presence.
"That was never a topic," he said emphatically. "Never."
In the forward to the English-language version of his book, "The Last Witness" — due for publication in October — he wrote that it was a different "reality" then and he never asked questions during what he considered just his "regular day at work."
In the AP interview, he appeared to have little empathy for those he did not directly know, and even for some he did.
Misch was moved nearly to tears when talking about Joseph and Magda Goebbels' decision to kill their six children in the Berlin bunker before committing suicide themselves. But he was also able to guffaw about a family friend, "a real lefty," being thrown into the Sachsenhausen concentration camp outside Berlin and noting upon his release that "the paper shirts (at the camp) were uncomfortable."
Born July 29, 1917, in the tiny Silesian town of Alt Schalkowitz, in what today is Poland, Misch was orphaned at an early age.
Against the backdrop of the bloody Russian revolution and the rise of Stalin, combined with the post-World War I popularity of the Communist Party in Germany, Misch said he decided at 20 to join the SS — an organization he saw as a counterweight to the threat from the left.
He signed up for the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler, a Berlin-based unit that originally was founded as the Fuehrer's personal bodyguard.
"It was anti-communist, against Stalin — to protect Europe," Misch said, noting that thousands of other Western Europeans served in the Waffen SS. "I signed up in the war against Bolshevism, not for Adolf Hitler."
But when Hitler's armies invaded Poland on Sept. 1, 1939, Misch found himself in the vanguard when his SS division was attached to a regular army unit for the blitzkrieg attack. As German forces quickly closed in on Warsaw, Misch, who spoke some Polish, was sent with a party to negotiate the surrender of a fortress and was told by the troops inside that they needed time to think about the offer.
"As we were walking away they opened fire," Misch said at his home in Berlin. "A bullet came through here and right out, two centimeters from my heart."
After his evacuation to Germany and convalescence, he was appointed in May 1940 to serve as one of two SS men who would serve as Hitler's bodyguards and general assistants, doing everything from answering the telephones to greeting dignitaries — and once running flowers to one of the Fuehrer's favorite musicians who had just gotten engaged.
Misch and SS comrade Johannes Hentschel accompanied Hitler almost everywhere he went, including his Alpine retreat in Berchtesgaden and his forward "Wolf's Lair" headquarters. He lived between Hitler's apartments in the New Reich Chancellery and the home in a working-class Berlin neighborhood that he kept until his death.
"He was a wonderful boss," Misch said. "I lived with him for five years. We were the closest people who worked with him ... we were always there. Hitler was never without us day and night."
In the last eight to 10 days of Hitler's life, Misch followed him to live underground, protected by the so-called Fuehrerbunker's heavily reinforced concrete ceilings and walls.
"Hentschel ran the lights, air and water and I did the telephones — there was nobody else," he said. "When someone would come downstairs we couldn't even offer them a place to sit. It was far too small — little cells of 10 or 12 square meters. It was no bunker to live in. It was an air-raid bunker."
After the Soviet assault began, Misch remembered generals and Nazi brass coming and going as they tried desperately to cobble together a defense of the capital with the ragtag remains of the German military.
He remembered that on April 22, two days before two Soviet armies completed their encirclement of the city, Hitler said, "That's it. The war is lost. Everybody can go."
"Everyone except those who still had jobs to do like us — we had to stay," Misch said. "The lights, water, telephone ... those had to be kept going, but everybody else was allowed to go and almost all were gone immediately."
But that same day, Hitler clung to hope given by what turned out to be a false report that the Western Allies had called upon Germany to hold Berlin for two more weeks against the Soviets so that they could battle communism together.
"He still believed in a union between West and East," Misch said. "Hitler liked England — except for (then-Prime Minister Winston) Churchill — and didn't think that a people like the English would bind themselves with the communists to crush Germany."
On April 28, Misch saw the familiar figures of Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels and Hitler confidant Martin Bormann enter the bunker with a man he had never seen before.
"I asked who it was, and they said that's the civil magistrate who has come to perform Hitler's marriage," Misch said.
That night, Hitler and longtime mistress Eva Braun were married in a short ceremony in which they both pledged they were of pure Aryan descent before taking their vows and signing a registry book.
Two days later, Misch saw Goebbels and Bormann again, this time talking with Hitler and his adjutant, SS Maj. Otto Guensche, in the bunker's corridor outside the telephone operator's room.
"I saw him go into his room ... and someone, Guensche, said that he shouldn't be disturbed. And that meant 'Now it's happening,'" Misch said. "We all knew that it was happening. He said he wasn't going to leave Berlin, he would stay here."
"We heard no shot, we heard nothing, but one of those who was in the hallway, I don't remember if it was Guensche or Bormann, said 'Linge, Linge, I think it's done,'" Misch said, referring to Hitler's valet Heinz Linge.
"Then everything was really quiet, everything was still ... who opened the door I don't remember, Guensche or Linge. They opened the door, and I naturally looked, and then there was a short pause and the second door was opened... and I saw Hitler lying on the table like so," Misch said, putting his head down on his hands on his living-room table.
"And Eva lay like so on the sofa with knees up, her head to him. I don't remember now if Hitler sat on the sofa or on a chair next to it." Eva Braun had died of poisoning and Hitler had shot himself.
The silence and anticipation then gave way to chaos, when Misch ran up to the chancellery to tell his superior the news and then back downstairs, where Hitler's corpse had been put on the floor with a blanket over it.
"Then they bundled Hitler up and said 'What do we do now?'" Misch said. "As they took Hitler out ... they walked by me about three or four meters away, I saw his shoes sticking outside the sack."
After the bodies were carried outside, an SS guard ran down the stairs and tried to get Misch to join the spectacle outside as the two were covered in gasoline and set alight.
"He said 'The boss is being burned. Come on out,'" Misch recalled. But instead Misch hastily retreated deeper into the bunker to talk with comrade Hentschel.
"I said 'Do you think we're going to be killed?' and he said 'Why do you think that?'" Misch said. "I said 'I saw the Gestapo upstairs in the ... chancellery and it could be that they'll want to kill us as witnesses.'"
But Misch stuck to his post — taking and directing telephone calls with Goebbels as his new boss until May 2, when he was given permission to flee.
"Everybody was upstairs in the ... chancellery, there were things to eat and drink there, downstairs in the bunker there was nothing. It was a coffin of concrete," he said. "Then Goebbels finally came down and said, 'You have a chance to live. You don't have to stay here and die.'"
Misch grabbed the rucksack he had packed and fled with a few others into the rubble of Berlin. Working his way through cellars and subways, Misch bumped into a large group of civilians seeking shelter in one tunnel.
"Two were playing music," he said, remembering how incongruous the scene seemed to him. "I came out of the death bunker of concrete, and here were two people playing music on guitar."
Misch later heard German voices above through an air ventilation shaft and climbed up to try his luck. But the voices came from about 300 soldiers who had been taken prisoner, and the Soviet guards grabbed him as well.
Following the German surrender May 7, Misch was taken to the Soviet Union, where he spent the next nine years in prisoner of war camps before being allowed to return to Berlin in 1954. He reunited with his wife Gerda, whom he had married in 1942 and who died in 1997, and opened up a shop.
In 2005, Sitting at his table next to a pile of mail from "fans" to whom he sent autographed photographs of himself in full SS uniform outside the Wolf's Lair, he leafed through his well-thumbed photo album remembering his days with the most infamous people in recent history.
"Here is Hitler — my boss — Eva, a friend of Eva ...," he said. "Very normal. Not like what is written."
He turned the page to photos of Braun in the idyllic setting of the Berghof, Hitler's Bavarian mountain residence, and lit up as he remembered a moment from those days.
"This small black dog comes running and gets under the fence, and Hitler said, 'My God, what is this? Racial mixing?'"
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

subset: commoncrawl


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Alamo Residences at Spurs Lane
2 Spurs Lane, San Antonio, TX, US
Visit building website
We've partnered with Alamo Residences at Spurs Lane so you can Airbnb your apartment here part-time.
Equal Housing Opportunity
Airbnb it. You could earn $518
There's a 25% revenue share at this building. It's already reflected in the earning estimate.
Night limits, the revenue share, and other rules and restrictions, or local regulations, apply and may change over time.
How many nights will you host on Airbnb?
7 nights
This building lets you host up to 90 nights per year
Your potential earnings are $518 a month
Available units
- Floor plan 1 of 1
Square footage656 ft²Starting monthly rent$1,199Average earnings for a week$518
Floor plans are approximate. Pricing, availability, and amenities are subject to change. Additional fees may apply. Ask the property for details.
Additional details from the team at Alamo Residences at Spurs Lane: This property has hosting rules and lease provisions that may impact your hosting activity and earnings as a host. Ask the property for details.
What the building offers
Pet friendly (with restrictions)
Parking on-site
Fitness center
Grilling area
Pet washing station
24-hour emergency maintenance
On-site maintenance service
Walk-in closets
Ceiling fans
Stainless steel appliances
Where you'll be living
Northwest Side
2 Spurs Lane, San Antonio, TX, US 78240
What's nearby
4.59 miles to San Antonio Aquarium
2.51 miles to Methodist Hospital
2.46 miles to Huebner Oaks Center
3.03 miles to USAA Corporate Office
1.91 miles to Methodist Hospital Specialty and Transplant
Ready to
check it out?
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Can't find what you're looking for?
How do I get started as an Airbnb Host?
Once you move into your Airbnb-friendly apartment, we can help guide you through creating your listing in a few easy steps, through Airbnb Setup. To start welcoming guests, you'll need to take a few more steps, like agreeing to the program terms and the building's rules. Some buildings and cities may have additional requirements.
What do I do with my personal belongings when guests are in my apartment?
Up to you! Some Hosts install a lock on a closet or bedroom, or store personal items in a safe. Others store their belongings in a garage or a storage locker. Check in with the building manager to see what options are available.
How will guests access the building/unit if I'm not there?
You decide how you want guests to access your apartment, but just make sure it's consistent with the building's policies. Some Hosts meet their guests in-person and provide them with a physical key. Others provide contactless access with codes or use a nearby key exchange locker, depending on what's available.
Who is responsible for cleaning after guests leave?
Typically, Hosts are responsible for cleaning, whether they do so themselves or find a cleaner to help. Some buildings have recommendations on cleaning providers for you to choose from.
What's the parking situation for guests?
It depends on the building's policies or local regulations. You can give guests your spot if you have one, direct them to public parking, or explore other options with the building manager.
How does pricing work?
You set your own pricing. Airbnb offers tools to help make pricing easy.
As part of this program, the building can choose to deduct a share of your Airbnb earnings. Reach out to the building manager to ask for more details, like the percentage.
How often can I Airbnb my apartment at Alamo Residences at Spurs Lane?
This building allows residents to Airbnb their place up to 90 nights per year. This limit is set by building policies, but know local laws may also impact your ability to Airbnb your place.
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iOS: GymPact is a great way to put your money where your commitment to fitness is, but until now, you've had to go to a gym or fitness center on their list for your workouts to count. GymPact Anywhere is a new feature that tracks your activity anywhere, even if you're working out at home.
The new feature lets you log your activity by linking with RunKeeper (your favorite smartphone running app) or by letting the app track your activity using your phone's accelerometer, much like previously mentioned Moves.
If you use the app's own activity tracking, the app gives you an hour and a half to get at least 30 minutes of activity. This is the same as when you check into a gym—you have to be there for a half-hour for your check-in to count. GymPact then gives you audio cues as to whether your activity is enough to get over the activity requirement to be logged, or when you've dropped below the threshold and the app thinks you're idle.
Combined with the fact that the app pays you money for working out (and charges you money when you don't), the new feature may be enough to get skeptics who stayed away because they don't like gyms up and off the couch. GymPact Anywhere is available now, all you have to do to get it is grab the most recent version of GymPact from the iTunes App Store. A similar update for the Android version is on the way soon.
GymPact (Free) | iTunes App Store


text:
Fitness Fun Fridays – The Magic House Friday 2/7/14 4-8 pm 63122
Fitness Fun Fridays
Join St. Louis Children's Hospital at The Magic House for Fitness Fun Friday on the first Friday evening of every month. Enjoy a variety of fun health and fitness activities with different themes each month! St. Louis Children's Hospital is part of this great program offered by The Magic House. Fitness Fun Friday gives families the opportunity to play their way to a healthier lifestyle.
Children who complete a Fitness Challenge, available on The Magic House website, receive free admission to The Magic House for Fitness Fun Friday. To register or print the fitness challenge, please visit The Magic House online at www.magichouse.org. The first 100 visitors to attend Fitness Fun Friday will receive a backpack filled with healthy goodies and take-home activities. Fitness Fun Friday is sponsored by Centene Charitable Foundation.
This event is included with museum admission. No registration is required.
Date & Time:
Friday, February 7, 2014
St. Louis, MO 63122
Blogged by your favorite St Louis Realtor:
Tina Siebert 314-603-8555 email@example.com


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text:
Final resting place of Newtown gunman a mystery
Published 2:28 pm Monday, December 31, 2012
HARTFORD, Conn. — The body of the man who massacred 26 people at a Connecticut elementary school was claimed by his father, a family spokesman said Monday, but the public may never know what happened with the remains.
Like families of other mass killers, Adam Lanza's father has to balance his own mourning with consideration for the victims, intense media scrutiny and the risk that a public gravesite could be desecrated.
"I know it's very sensitive for the family. They have many, many concerns and it's a very sad time for them," said Kingston, N.H. Police Chief Donald Briggs, a family acquaintance who helped the Lanzas coordinate services for Lanza's slain mother.
Lanza shot and killed his mother, Nancy, inside their Newtown home on Dec. 14 before driving to Sandy Hook Elementary School, shooting his way in and gunning down 20 first-graders and six school employees. He committed suicide as police arrived. The massacre claimed more lives that any school shooting in U.S. history, except for the 2007 Virginia Tech rampage that left 33 people dead.
Lanza's father, Peter Lanza, of Stamford, Conn., claimed his son's body Thursday, and there were "private arrangements" over the weekend, according to the family spokesman. He would not elaborate on what those arrangements were.
For some in Newtown, it would be just fine to not have any public reminder of Adam Lanza.
"People are sad enough around here," said Robin Houser, 52, who was working at a center coordinating Newtown volunteers. "I would have donated his body to science and let them see what made him tick inside. And then have them take care of it."
A private service was held earlier this month at an undisclosed location in New Hampshire for Nancy Lanza, who was divorced from Peter Lanza. Briggs said a public memorial service is also planned for her sometime in the spring.
Authorities have not offered a motive for the killings. State police say they have been exploring all aspects of Adam Lanza's life including his education, family history and medical treatment for clues. Authorities have said it could take months to produce a final report on their investigation.
The state's chief medical examiner has sought help from the University of Connecticut genetics department to study Lanza's DNA and determine if there is any identifiable disease associated with his behavior.
Concern about gravesite vandalism has weighed on the families of other notorious killers, including one of the gunmen in the 1999 Columbine High School attack in Colorado. Dylan Klebold's family had him cremated, according to the Rev. Don Marxhausen, who presided over his funeral.
"He couldn't publicly go in a cemetery," Marxhausen said. "There is that issue of people who would desecrate."
Marxhausen said a policeman escorted him to the funeral, and others took circuitous routes to avoid being followed by the media. Marxhausen's role at the funeral sparked an outcry and he later lost his position as pastor at the St. Philip Lutheran Church in Littleton, Colo., but he said he does not regret his role.
"Christ always goes where it's darkest. You do your job," he said.
The family of the other Columbine shooter, Eric Harris, has never publicly revealed his final resting place.
James Fox, a professor of criminology at Northeastern University, said it is not unusual for notorious criminals to be buried in undisclosed locations to keep away the media, protesters and potential vandals. He said there could be an increased risk of a gravesite becoming a target in Lanza's case because he took his own life and was not punished.
"There is the potential for people to express anger, hostility, rage at the symbol of a person's grave if it were known," he said.
In a statement issued a day after the Newtown massacre, Peter Lanza said the family was struggling to make sense of what happened and "trying to find whatever answers we can." He also expressed sympathy for the victims' families.


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Table of Contents
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OUGADOUGOU, Burkina Faso – Nearly 400 child trafficking victims, some as young as six years old, forced to work in illegally-operated gold mines and cotton fields have been rescued following an operation by police in Burkina Faso coordinated by INTERPOL.
Some 165 police officers, together with officials from customs, social and health services took part in Operation Tuy which targeted sites in Ougadougou, Houndé and Bobo Dioulasso, resulting in 73 individuals being arrested in connection with child trafficking and labour offences.
During the two-day (29 and 30 October) operation, 387 children were discovered working under extreme conditions, lowered into narrow, airless mining holes up to 70 metres in depth, receiving no salary or education, with young girls often also subjected to sexual abuse. The victims have now been returned to their families or taken into care by social services.
"This was the largest operation of its kind run in Burkina Faso supported by INTERPOL and its success is a direct result of the commitment and support of the government, police and other agencies," said Henri Guida Blemin, specialist officer with INTERPOL's Trafficking in Human Beings unit which helped coordinate the operation.
"The conditions under which these children are forced to live and work are horrific, and INTERPOL will continue to work closely with all its member countries to identify and stop the exploitation of these innocent victims and help them regain the childhood they deserve," added Mr Blemin.
Prior to Operation Tuy, more than 100 officials from the national police, gendarmerie, customs, welfare, water and forestry services took part in a three-day specialist course. Training was provided by specialist officers from the INTERPOL International Trafficking in Human Beings Task Force, including from Canada, the Regional Bureau in Abidjan as well as its National Central Bureau in Ougadougou, in addition to police, health and education specialists from Burkina Faso.
"The success of the operation is not just about the number of victims rescued, but it is also about making sure the infrastructure and knowledge is in place for this important work to continue, which is why the training is just as important as the fieldwork. If the officers don't have the skills they cannot do their work and efforts achieved cannot be sustained," said Mr Blemin.
"Information gathered during the operation will also help in identifying and dismantling the criminal networks behind this crime at the national, regional and international levels," he added.
Tuy is INTERPOL's fifth operation targeting forced child labour in Africa. Operations Bia (2009), Cascades and Bana (2010) and Bia II (2011) have already led to the rescue of more than 400 children across Central and Western Africa and the arrest of 93 individuals.


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(Correction appended Nov. 14, 2012)
Just 20 years ago, astronomers imagined that planets beyond the Solar System would be more or less like the ones we know: small, rocky worlds like Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars orbiting relatively close to their stars, and big, gassy ones like Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, farther away. (Even then, Pluto was recognized as an oddball, though it hadn't been demoted yet.) Then the first actual exoplanet was discovered, and it turned out to be a big, gaseous world orbiting ridiculously close to its star. Dozens of others very much like it soon turned up, and the astronomers' preconceptions were abruptly laid to rest.
(Photos: Window on Infinity: Pictures from Space)
But at least these so-called "hot Jupiters" actually orbited a star. Not so for a new planet just reported in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. The object, known only as CFBDSIR2149, appears to be a planet from four to seven times as massive as Jupiter, floating along with a cluster of stars known as the AB Doradus Moving Group — but tethered to no one star in particular.
That's the only reason the planet was spotted at all, in fact. If it were orbiting a star, the parent sun's bright glare would make even a huge planet tough to discern. It would be like trying to see a candle sitting next to a searchlight. The team of French and Canadian astronomers who made the discovery weren't looking for planets in any case. They were looking for brown dwarfs, objects too big to be classified as planets, but too small to ignite the nuclear reactions that would qualify them as full-blown stars.
(More: The Very First Stars)
But when CFBDSIR2149 showed up in the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope on Mauna Kea, says co-discoverer Etienne Artigau, of the University of Montreal, "we saw that it was very red compared with the typical brown dwarf." That meant it was relatively cool. It could still be a brown dwarf, but it would have to be billions of years old to have lost so much of its internal heat. If the object were very young, its temperature ruled it out as a brown dwarf at all. In general, says Artigau, "it would not be a trivial thing to distinguish an old, massive object from a young, small one."
(More: Found: the Earthiest Planet Yet)
In this case, however, there was an extra clue: careful measurements with the European Southern Observatory's New Technology Telescope showed that CFBDSIR2149 is moving across the sky in the same direction and speed as the AB Doradus group of stars. It's possible that this is pure coincidence. The odds are 87%, however, that it is indeed part of the group. And since astronomers know the group itself is between 50 and 120 million years old, that means CFBDSIR2149 is a young planet.
It's not the first free-floating planet ever found, the scientists hasten to make clear. Astronomers have found indirect hints that many more may be roaming the galaxy, and theorists have no trouble explaining how such a thing could happen. CFBDSIR2149 might have formed originally as part of a solar system and then been sling-shotted out in a close encounter with another massive planet. Or it might have formed directly from a small collapsing cloud of gas and dust.
(More: Aliens Among Us)
But while rogue planets like CFBDSIR2149 may be common, this one is uncommon in a very important way: it's close to Earth, at a mere 100 to 120 light years from us. At that distance, it's amenable to detailed study — and indeed, astronomers have already detected the signature of methane and water vapor in its atmosphere.
That's not the only bit of good luck here. Moving groups like AB Doradus are made up of stars that formed together, but they eventually drift apart. Our own Sun very likely went through a stage like this in fact, but there's no way to prove it. "After a few hundred million years," says co-author Jonathan Gagné, a grad student at the University of Montreal, "the stars are so dispersed that we cannot tell to which group they belonged."
If astronomers had found CFBDSIR2149 just a little bit later (in the cosmic scheme of things, anyway), they might therefore never have figured out that it was a planet at all. As so often happens, science and serendipity joined hands — and new knowledge resulted.
More: Hors d'Ouevre for the Milky Way
(An earlier version of this story said that CFBDSIR2149 is 120,000 light years from Earth. it's in fact 100 to 120 light years away.)


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This basket is for a baby who was in the process of being born just yesterday! Sending thoughts their way, hoping for a healthy and happy baby!
Just like the basket from my last post, but pumped up with a few extra details. And a few extra goodies inside. Once I started making stuff I couldn't stop. I used scraps from other projects I had made for their nursery, so it was easy to get carried away. This basket has a front pocket and fancy handles.
Inside are some terry cloth washcloths made with super soft flannel, again some of the Gail burp cloths, and a tiny little flannel receiving blanket, and of course some diapers.
The fabrics are Heather Ross Far Far Away II moons for the exterior and Lizzy House Outfoxed for the lining, I thought it was another match made in heaven.
** Just want to add that I'm going to ask the woman who's project I based this off of before I might do a tutorial/pattern. 🙂 Thanks for all your sweet comments about both of the baskets.


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How to Avoid the ER if You Have Asthma
Article Translations: (Spanish)
Going to the emergency room is the last resort for someone who has asthma. If a flare-up is really out of hand — and your medicine isn't working or you forgot your inhaler — you need to get emergency care for your breathing trouble.
The good news is that you can prevent emergency room visits if you take steps to get your asthma under control. Read on to find out how you can manage your asthma and avoid the ER.
Planning Ahead
Make a plan. Work with your doctor to create a personalized plan for managing your asthma (also called an asthma action plan). This plan should be realistic and should fit into your daily life. Your plan should outline your day-to-day treatment, give you symptoms to watch out for, and provide you with step-by-step instructions on what to do when you're having a flare-up.
Take charge. Once you have a plan, use it to take control. Put any daily requirements the plan calls for — such as taking medications before exercising — into your schedule so you don't forget to do these. Keep a copy of your plan with you so you'll know what to do if you have a flare-up. And don't be afraid to talk to your doctor if you find your plan isn't working for you. He or she can adjust your plan so it's more effective.
Avoid triggers. Your doctor should be able to help you figure out the triggers that can lead you to have an asthma flare-up. These may include tobacco smoke, animals, dust mites, dust, mold, pollen, perfumes, weather change, cold air, exercise, and respiratory infections. Once you know what your triggers are, you can try to steer clear of them.
Take your long-term control medicine. Long-term control medicines (also called controller or maintenance medicines) work over a long period of time to prevent flare-ups. Depending on how serious your asthma is, you may have to take long-term control medicine every day, even if you feel great. It's tempting to skip daily control medicines — lots of people fall into the trap of thinking they can just use quick-relief medicine when they have a flare-up. But doing this actually makes it more likely you'll have a flare-up and that it will be more severe.
Have your inhaler with you. Quick-relief medicine (also called rescue or fast-acting medicine) can help you during a flare-up, so don't leave home without it. Many ER visits for asthma happen because the person forgot his or her inhaler. This means making arrangements to have it at school, at sports meets, and when you are traveling.
Know the early signs of a flare-up. Everyone's asthma is different. Some people cough only at night, and others might have flare-ups whenever they get a cold or exercise outside. Get to know your asthma triggers and pay attention to what happens before you have a flare-up so that you know the early warning signs. These signs may not mean for sure that a flare-up will happen, but they can help you to plan ahead.
Peak Flow Meters
A peak flow meter can be a really useful tool in helping to determine if you might be getting ready for a flare-up. Your doctor can tell you which number ranges to watch out for.
Other early warning signs of a flare-up may include:
- wheezing
- coughing, even if you don't have a cold or a persistent cough
- tightness in your chest
- becoming short of breath easily with activities
- throat clearing
- rapid or irregular breathing
- inability to stand or sit still
- unusual fatigue
- restless sleep
Your asthma action plan should tell you how to handle early signs of a flare-up. This may mean using your quick-relief medicine or adjusting your long-term control meds slightly.
Flare-ups do happen, of course. An important part of staying away from the ER or your doctor's office is calmly and carefully following your asthma action plan when you do have a flare-up. Most flare-ups, when treated as your doctor tells you to, will go away quickly and not require a visit to the ER.
Signs You May Need to Go to the ER
Even if you do your best, you may still get the occasional flare-up. Don't be embarrassed to get emergency help if you think you need it.
Here are some situations that call for emergency care:
- You take your asthma medicine and your flare-up doesn't get any better.
- You feel a little better after taking your medicine, but your symptoms come back quickly.
- Frequent wheezing, persistent cough, or chest pain.
- You see that your lips and fingernails are bluish or grayish.
- You have trouble breathing, talking, or walking.
If you feel comfortable doing so, you might want to let your friends know about your asthma. Then they can help you if you ever have a severe flare-up.
Although asthma can be dangerous, when it's well managed it's rarely life threatening. Studies show that on the rare occasions when people have died from asthma, it's usually because they haven't taken their medications as prescribed and they have a history of repeated severe asthma flare-ups and emergency care.
If you take your asthma seriously and work to manage it, you may never need to go to the emergency room.
Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.
© 1995-2024 KidsHealth ® All rights reserved. Images provided by iStock, Getty Images, Corbis, Veer, Science Photo Library, Science Source Images, Shutterstock, and Clipart.com


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Tooth replacement at any age is a challenge, but especially for teenagers. Dental implants in particular may not be possible yet for teens or young adults whose jaws are still developing. Because it's imbedded directly into bone, the implant will not move with the jaw as jaw growth occurs, making it look potentially unattractive.
The best solution could be a temporary replacement until their jaw reaches maturity. One such option is a removable partial denture (RPD), an artificial tooth set in an acrylic base that resembles gum tissue. Although we associate dentures with older adults, an RPD works well for teens as a temporary measure. Perhaps the best version for a younger person utilizes metal clips that fit over adjacent teeth and hold the RPD in place. Although quite resilient, the wearer needs to be careful when biting into something hard (like an apple or similar firm fruit) or the artificial tooth may break off.
Another option, a bonded bridge, is a fixed solution similar to a traditional bridge. Whereas a traditional bridge is supported by crowns affixed to the teeth on either side of the empty socket (and requiring extensive alteration of the teeth to accommodate them), a bonded bridge attaches to the supporting teeth with wing-like projections of dental material that attaches to the backs of the adjacent teeth, hidden from view. Although not as secure as a traditional bridge, they can conceivably endure until the teen's jaw structure is ready for an implant or other permanent solution.
Choosing between an RPD and a bonded bridge will depend on a number of factors, including the teen's individual bite, clenching or biting habits and the health and strength of supporting bone and gums. Regardless of the type of solution chosen, it's important to maintain good oral hygiene, especially around a bridge. If bacterial plaque is allowed to build up on tooth surfaces, it could result in an infection that can damage both gums and bone, and reduce the chances of a successful implant in the future.
All these and other considerations should be discussed after a thorough examination. From there, we can advise you on the best course of action to restore both appearance and function until it's time for a permanent restoration.
If you would like more information on temporary tooth replacements for teens, please contact us or schedule an appointment for a consultation.


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Scott Kelby on Shooting Landscapes Like a Pro
- The Secret to Shooting Sunsets
- Cutting Reflections in Water
- For Landscapes, You Need a Clear Subject
- Using Your LCD Monitor Outdoors
- A Trick for Shooting Great Rainbows
- A Timesaving Pano Trick
- The Trick for Using a Fisheye Lens
- When to Shoot Streams
- Don't Stop Shooting at Sunset
- How to Shoot Fog
- Getting Shots of Lightning (Manually)
- Getting Shots of Lightning (Automatically)
- Where to Focus for Landscape Shots
- Find the Great Light First
- How to Shoot on a Gray, Overcast Day
- A Trick for Great-Looking Flower Shots
- The Full-Frame Camera Advantage
- The Seven Deadly Sins of Landscape Photography
- Landscape Sin #1: Choppy Water
- Landscape Sin #2: Frozen Water in Waterfalls
- Landscape Sin #3: Bald, Cloudless Skies
- Landscape Sin #4: Harsh, Midday Sun
- Landscape Sin #5: A Crooked Horizon Line
- Landscape Sin #6: Distracting Junk Near Edge
- Landscape Sin #7: No Foreground Object
- And...Dead Trees and Tree Stumps...And...
More Tips for Creating Stunning Scenic Images
In part 1 of this book, I had a chapter on shooting landscapes, and it turned out to be one of the most popular chapters in the book. So, when I started on part 2, I knew right then I would have to include another chapter with even more landscape techniques. And the only way to come up with new landscape techniques is to (you guessed it) shoot more landscapes, and what better place to shoot landscapes than at a landscape photography workshop? So, since I published the last edition of this book, I've taught at photography workshops in beautiful locations like Yosemite National Park, Cape Cod, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, and Glacier National Park, and then I just did some shooting in Maine this summer, and some other amazing places like Utah's Monument Valley, and the Grand Canyon, and a half-dozen other incredibly scenic spots. But when it's all said and done, do you know what all these places really meant to me? Tax deductions. That's right, because I went to these locations on business (the images will be used by me to teach photography), I get some really juicy write-offs for these trips. For example, you see that photo on the facing page? That's The Wave, which is just outside Page, Arizona, and not only is access to The Wave tightly restricted by the Bureau of Land Management, it was a grueling two-hour hike in scorching 112° desert heat over rocky mountains and hot desert sand, lugging all my camera gear, tripod (and bottles of water), and I have to be honest with you—there were times when I almost gave up, but you know what kept me going? It was the fact that if I didn't get there, and get a decent enough shot to make it into this book, I couldn't write my trip off as a tax deduction. See, I really do care.
The Secret to Shooting Sunsets
Because you're shooting into the sun, it can really throw your camera's built-in light meter way off, and what looked so beautiful when you were standing there comes out...well...pretty lame. Luckily, there's a simple trick to getting perfect sunset shots every time. The trick is to aim just above the setting sun itself (but make sure you can't see the sun itself through your viewfinder), then hold your shutter button halfway down, which tells the camera to set the exposure for just what it sees in the viewfinder right now. This gives you a perfect sunset exposure, but don't let go of that shutter button quite yet (keep it held down), then you can move your camera and recompose the shot as you'd like it to look. By keeping that button held down, you've locked in that perfect exposure, and once everything looks good to you, just press the shutter button down the rest of the way and take the shot. You will have nailed the exposure and captured the scene perfectly.


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Guns, Climate, Gays Missing in Presidential Race
by Charles Babington, Associated Press
WASHINGTON (AP)—Of the roughly 50,000 words spoken in this month's three presidential debates, none were "climate change," "global warming" or "greenhouse gas."
Housing was discussed in the first debate, but the word "foreclosure" was mentioned in none. Nor was gay marriage.
The 2012 presidential campaign, not just the debates, has focused heavily from the start on jobs, pushing other once high-profile issues to the sidelines. It dismays activists who have spent decades promoting environmental issues, gay rights, gun control and other topics, sometimes managing to lift them to the top tiers of national attention and debate.
With fewer than half of Americans believing that human activity contributes to global warming, according to Pew Research, President Barack Obama talks far less about climate change than he did four years ago. When he locked up the Democratic nomination in June 2008, he said future generations would recall "this was the moment when the rise of the oceans began to slow and our planet began to heal."
Obama hasn't come close to making such claims in recent months.
Last June, 3,100 U.S. temperature records were broken and much of the nation was in drought, said Daniel Kessler, spokesman for 350 Action Fund, which tries to raise awareness of global warming. And yet the three presidential debates, and the sole vice presidential forum, produced "absolute silence on climate science," Kessler said.
He said he believes voters would respond favorably "if candidates put out a bold vision" on climate change. Instead, the topic generates far less discussion than it did four years ago. Other topics suffering downgrades in presidential campaign attention include:
Gun rights sometimes have played big roles in U.S. elections. In 1993, for instance, the recently elected President Bill Clinton signed the Brady Bill, which required background checks on many gun buyers. A new ban on assault weapons soon followed. But it contributed to heavy Democratic congressional losses in 1994, and the law expired 10 years later.
Despite high-profile mass shootings—including those involving Rep. Gabrielle Giffords in early 2011, and dozens of Colorado movie theater patrons in July—questions about gun rights and gun control have generated scant discussion this year.
They weren't mentioned in the first debate between Obama and Republican Mitt Romney, which focused on domestic issues. A voter asked about assault weapons in the second, town-hall-style debate, on Oct. 16.
Obama cautiously spoke of "seeing if we can get an assault weapons ban reintroduced." Romney said he favors no new gun laws.
The Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence criticized the lack of discussion in the first debate. After the second, it chiefly praised the woman who asked about the assault weapons ban.
In recent years, immigration has been a big issue in national elections. Then-Texas Gov. George W. Bush backed a pathway to legal status for many illegal immigrants when he ran for president in 2000. But Republican activists and members of Congress increasingly took hard stands against illegal immigrants.
In this year's Republican primaries, Romney positioned himself to the right of Texas Gov. Rick Perry, former Speaker Newt Gingrich and others when it came to being tough on illegal immigration. He said illegal immigrants should be encouraged to "self-deport."
Romney has softened his rhetoric somewhat since then.
He told Hispanic leaders in June he would replace Obama's executive order allowing 800,000 young illegal immigrants to remain in the country with a long-term solution. But Romney didn't detail his plans, and immigration has played a smaller role in the general election than it did in the primary.
The gay rights advocacy group Human Rights Campaign recently noted on its website that questions of same-sex marriage and other gay rights issues were not mentioned in the first two presidential debates and the vice presidential debate. The final Obama-Romney faceoff was likely to be "the last window for the candidates to share their vastly different views" on the topic, the group said.
But that debate, on Oct. 22, also came and went with no mention of "gay" or "same-sex"—or any type of marriage, for that matter.
That's not to say the nominees haven't taken stands. Early in his term, Obama helped clear the way for gays and lesbians to serve openly in the military. Last May he embraced same-sex marriage, which Romney opposes.
The gay-oriented group Log Cabin Republicans gave Romney a somewhat tepid endorsement. "If LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) issues are a voter's highest or only priority, then Governor Romney may not be that voter's choice," the Log Cabin Republicans endorsement said. The group said it believed Romney would do a better job of cutting spending and creating jobs.
Those are precisely the issues that have dominated the campaign, often in basic discussions that don't go far beyond platitudes. Both campaigns have warned of the looming "fiscal cliff"—the package of huge tax hikes and spending cuts scheduled to hit Jan. 1—but no one has come close to offering a viable solution.
Meanwhile, advocates for improving schools, fighting poverty, fighting crime and other issues—which have played big roles in past elections—have struggled to get a word in edgewise this year.
When U.S. unemployment exceeded 10 percent in October 2009, politicians said the 2012 election would be about jobs, jobs, jobs. Three years later, that hasn't changed.


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Hong-Chih Kuo (0-0) vs. Matt Morris (0-1).
COMMENTS: Last night's loss, the Dodgers' sixth loss in their last seven games, was a killer; usually reliable Takashi Saito blows the save and it seems like everything is falling apart. We're in last frickin' place, boys. LAST PLACE! If not for James Loney's 13-game hit streak (the Dodgers' longest since our father Steve Garvey got hits in the first 21 games of 1978), there would be nothing to watch. And speaking of nothing, Andruw Jones is batting .114.
What better remedy than having Chaka Khan sing tonight's national anthem? Because when I hear "Jackie Robinson Day" in the majors, I think, "I'll make you more than just a physical dream, I wanna rock you, Chaka baby, 'cause you make me wanna scream." Doesn't everyone?


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Lucy BangorMay 29. 1852Bangor May 29. 1852Dear Brother Isaac,Your long and big letter of the q-inst. was received a few days since. I was particularly pleased with your ecstatic and eulogistical description of the beautiful balmyness of the oderiferous atmosphere in your part of the world at this delightful season of Spring. I read in the papers about your great thunder storm. Doesn't the delicious, fragrant air that you speak of, make you feel languid and unnerved? if it does. I should much prefer our eastern climate.At any rate, give me New England for my home. I presume you will say it too - notwithstanding its many disadvantages, it has, on the whole more comforts - both for body and mind, than any other place I know of. I should dearly love to see those noble trees and blooming forests and prairie - so I should all your wonderful things. The "beautiful things that Native Indians" and those ancient mounds & works built by nobody knows who. I have always been greatly interested about those old western mounds and, (I mean walls). I value your last letter particularly much. I did not know that you
Furber, Lucy M. (sister), to Isaac Stevens Metcalf (also from Samuel W. Furber; also to Antoinette B.P. Metcalf), Isaac Stevens Metcalf family papers, 1846-1856
Metcalf, Isaac Stevens, 1822-1898
United States
Bowdoin College
Brothers and sisters
DuQuoin Coal Company
Illinois Central Railroad Company
Use the link to the finding aid for a fuller description of collection contents that explains the use of the name and subject terms appearing in this catalog record.
Correspondence, writings, diaries, and journals documenting family and rural life, as well as early business correspondence and records, and a few photographs, all pertaining to Isaac Stevens Metcalf and the Metcalf, Furber, and Putnam families. Family correspondence was used to keep all of the branches of the family in touch with each other when family members moved away. There are many instances where multiple family members wrote on one letter to one or more other family members, and some people even wrote "family letters" that were intended to be shared amongst parents, siblings, and the like. Topics of family correspondence tend to be related to religion, daily activities on the farm, weather, and the news of friends and relatives (births, deaths, sicknesses, etc.) Business records of Metcalf's pertain to land ownership, railroad engineering and construction, and running a coal mining business. The mid-19th century business records also document tax payments and some reports including labor and payroll expenses. There are a few drawings and sketches from Metcalf's tenure as division engineer of the Illinois Central Railroad. The first accession of these family papers was a donation of the letters between Charles W. and Albina Rich, given by Grace Leadingham, Charles Rich's granddaughter. This gift was facilitated by Keyes D. Metcalf, 17th child of Isaac Stevens Metcalf.
Biographical/Historical Note
Railroad engineer, farmer, and businessman of Maine, Ohio, and Illinois during the second half of the 19th century. Isaac Stevens Metcalf was born in Royalston, Massachusetts, on Jan. 29, 1822. His father, Isaac Metcalf, had married Lucy Heywood in 1810; she died childless in 1820. In March 1821 he married Anna Mayo Stevens Rich, the widow of Charles Rich, by whom she had had three children (named Charles, Elizabeth Anna, and Almeida). Isaac was born to Metcalf and Rich, followed by Joseph, Lucy, and Eliab. Isaac Metcalf (father) died in Boston in 1830, and the family relocated to Milo, Maine, where half-brother Charles had purchased a farm. Isaac Stevens Metcalf lived there with his mother and siblings, preparing for college and working on the farm until he entered Bowdoin College as a sophomore in 1844. He graduated there in 1847, having taught school while studying engineering. He surveyed and built railroads in New England until the spring of 1850, when he became a division engineer on the southern section (near Centralia, IL) of the Illinois Central Railroad. Metcalf worked closely with the Chief Engineer, Roswell B. Mason. Metcalf remained on the job until the line was completed to Cairo, IL, in 1855. While in central Illinois, Metcalf purchased land and with his partner Chester A. Keyes laid out the railroad town of Du Quoin, which was officially dedicated on Sept. 20, 1853. On Jul. 5, 1852, he married Antoinette ("Nettie") Brigham Putnam, the daughter of prominent New Hampshire minister John Milton Putnam. The couple had twelve children, three of whom died young. They settled in Elyria, Ohio, in Nov. 1856, to be near Metcalf's half sister, Elizabeth Ann (also known as Ann Elizabeth), and more family joined them within the next ten years. Metcalf and family lived in Elyria for over 41 years, farming and running a flour mill while Isaac Stevens Metcalf maintained business interests in Du Quoin, Illinois (real estate and coal mining). Antoinette died Aug. 14, 1875, and three years later Metcalf married Harriet Howes. That couple had six boys. Harriet Howes died of pneumonia Dec. 7, 1894, and Isaac Stevens Metcalf died Feb. 19, 1898, age 76. A more complete Metcalf genealogy family, focusing on the children of Isaac Stevens Metcalf, is available in the Special Collections Department information files. The genealogy was compiled by Keyes DeWitt Metcalf, 17th child of Isaac Stevens Metcalf.
10.8 linear feet (20 boxes and 1 oversize folder)
Business records
Manuscripts, American
Personal narratives
Records and correspondence
Archival Collection Title
Isaac Stevens Metcalf papers
Midwest Manuscript Collection
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The long economic downturn that began in late 2007 came to be known at the Great Recession –- the worst period since the Great Depression of the 1930s.
Even though both events were momentous enough to earn the word "great" as a modifier, they really are not comparable, according to recent research by economist Mark Vaughan, a fellow at the Weidenbaum Center on the Economy at Washington University in St. Louis.
"It's now clear the Great Recession was the worst downturn of our lifetime — the worst since the Great Depression," Vaughan said. "But in terms of human suffering, it pales in magnitude" with the 1930s.
The Great Depression was painful in ways we can scarcely imagine now because we have grown so accustomed to having a government-funded safety net, he said.
For example, the unemployment rate hit a peak of 10 percent in October 2009, but Congress provided those laid-off workers with extended unemployment benefits. As a result, jobless Americans were able to collect up to 99 weeks of government checks to help ride out tough times.
In contrast, the jobless rate shot to 25 percent in the Great Depression and stayed in the double digits for a decade. When the job market first collapsed in 1930, workers could not rely upon unemployment insurance, food stamps, Social Security or other forms of government help, Vaughan noted.
After 1933, "the New Deal started to introduce safety-net programs, but they weren't there in the early 1930s and they weren't on the same scale as today," he said.
So why do so many people today feel the Great Recession was miserable enough to be in the same ballpark as the Great Depression? In November 2008, for example, TIME magazine's cover inserted Barack Obama's face into a famous photo of Depression-era President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Vaughan says people may feel the Great Recession was so bad because the recovery has been so slow paced. Today, the unemployment rate remains high at 8.2 percent, economic growth is weak around 2 percent, foreclosures are still going forward, and both consumers and business owners remain very worried about looming problems, such as a financial crisis tied to European debt troubles.
Vaughan says this has been the most painful economic period Americans under 80 can remember. For those who lost both jobs and homes — all while carrying heavy consumer and student debt — this has indeed felt like a depression, which actually has no official definition. But generally, economists say a depression is an event that lasts at least two years and involves a sustained decline of about 10 percent of gross domestic product.
Vaughan has compiled lots of statistics to measure the magnitude of the two great downturns of the past century. He did find some interesting parallels between the Great Depression and the Great Recession.
Here are some similarities:
Both were preceded by good economic times.
- 1921-29: Annual real economic growth was 4.4 percent
- 1982-2007: Annual real economic growth was 3.2 percent
Both were preceded by the movement of banks into new business lines.
- 1920s: Banks ramped up real estate lending/investment banking
- 1990s-2000s: Banks ramped up real estate lending/securitization of mortgages
Both were preceded by innovations in consumer finance.
- 1920s: Installment consumer credit (e.g., monthly payments for autos)
- 2000s: Banks ramped up real estate lending/securitization of mortgages
Both were preceded by asset bubbles.
- 1920s: Florida real estate boom and the stock market
- 1990s-2000s: Residential real estate and the tech-stock boom
Both followed an era in which the Federal Reserve was highly regarded.
But the differences are huge because the Great Depression was much worse. The chart below makes the comparisons.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Here are some printable Tinkerbell cut outs you can use for Peter Pan/Tinkerbell themed crafts and parties.
These printable Tinkerbell cut outs feature Tinkerbell in a sitting position in her green dress with blonde hair and blue wings. There is a dotted line around the shapes so you can cut it out leaving a white border if you'd like.
In this download of printable Tinkerbell cut outs you'll receive:
- A page with one large Tinkerbell cut out.
- A page with two medium-sized Tinkerbells.
- A page with four smaller Tinkerbell cut outs.
Note: PrintableTreats.com is in no way associated with the Tinkerbell/Peter Pan brand. Copyright and trademark of Tinkerbell/Peter Pan belongs to The Walt Disney Company. I'm just a fan doin' some fan art! :]
Terms of Use for the Printable Tinkerbell Cut Outs
You may use these files for your own personal, non-commercial use only. You may not distribute or sell the files or claim them as your own. Files may be printed and distributed in educational environments.
If you would like to share the cut outs with a friend, please send them directly to this page so that they can download a copy for themselves. Please do not link directly to the download file.
Thank you for complying with the terms of use!
Downloading and Printing
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