text:
By Katie Kerwin McCrimmon
Customers trying to use an online system to qualify for federal tax credits through Colorados health exchange will have to wait until Nov. 4.
Managers at Connect for Health Colorado initially delayed the online feature until the end of October and in order to secure subsidies, customers have had to call clogged phone lines. Now, a spokesman said in a written response to questions that customers wanting to use the exchange website to cut their health insurance costs will have to wait until Nov. 4, the new target date for Colorado to have an online subsidy application. In the meantime, the only way to get subsidies is by phone at 1-855-PLANS-4-YOU or 1-855-752-6749.
Ben Davis, a spokesman for Connect for Health, also pledged that once the application for credits goes online, customers will be able to get tax rebates even through the federal website has failed to function since both federal and state exchanges launched on Oct. 1.
We have a plan to connect with the federal data services hub for verification activities and, in cases where the connection is unavailable, to allow customers to continue with the application process, Davis said.
He did not elaborate on what that plan is or how Colorados exchange specifically will allow customers to proceed with subsidy applications online when the federal data hub is down.
Davis insisted that problems with the federal system are not affecting Colorado.
The federal marketplace is a completely separate system designed to provide health insurance in other states, he wrote.
Colorados health exchange managers have repeatedly declined to conduct interviews about IT challenges with www.HealthPolicySolutions.org. Managers overseeing the multimillion dollar exchange, which has been funded with public money, will only accept and respond to questions in writing. They also have declined requests to share the behind-the-scenes functions of Colorados exchange.
Both the federal and state exchanges have long been pitched to the public as Travelocity-style online marketplaces for health insurance where customers could buy completely online.
But, even in Colorado, where the exchange appears to be working better than the federal exchange, customers often have to spend 90 minutes or longer with health coverage guides or wait on hold to speak with customer service agents. The process has been anything but a seamless, quick, 100 percent online experience.
That could drive away some key customers: so-called young invincibles, healthy 20-somethings, many of whom prefer to do research and make purchases for everything from athletic shoes to college tuition online.
Clarification: The headline for an earlier version of this story said the date for implementation of the online tax credit system had been extended. Spokesmen for the exchange say it was never expected to be operational before Nov. 4.


text:
You might think the widening adoption of low-cost ETFS are driving prices down, or maybe it's the glasnost-style push for openness that's causing a sense that fund fees and expenses are falling. But the Investment Company Institute cites a number of other reasons in its April Research Perspective, and puts hard numbers behind the trend.
|ICI reports that expense ratios incurred by investors in long-term mutual funds declined in last year. Equity fund investors, on average, paid 77 basis points (0.77 percent) in expenses, down 2 basis points from 2011. Expenses of bond funds declined 1 basis point to 61 basis points.
- Expense ratios of money-market funds fell in 2012. The asset-weighted average expense ratio of money market funds was 17 basis points in 2012, 4 basis points less than in 2011. Expense ratios on money market funds have fallen sharply in the past few years as the great majority of funds waived expenses to ensure that net returns to investors remained positive in the current low interest rate environment.
- In 2012, the average expense ratio paid by investors in funds of funds—mutual funds that invest in other mutual funds—decreased 3 basis points to 81 basis points. The total expense ratio of funds of funds includes the expenses that a fund pays directly out of its assets as well as the expense ratios of the underlying funds in which it invests. Since 2005, the average expense ratio for investing in funds of funds has fallen 20 basis points.
- Expense ratios of target-date mutual funds were 58 basis points in 2012, down from 67 basis points in 2008. Two factors likely played a role. First, assets in target-date mutual funds have tripled since 2008, lowering fund expense ratios through economies of scale. Second, a greater concentration of assets in lower-cost target date mutual funds pushed down the average expenses of these funds.
- In 2012, average expense ratios for actively managed bond funds, index bond funds and index equity funds all fell. The average expense ratio of actively managed equity funds, having declined 4 basis points in 2011, was unchanged. Since 1998, the average expense ratio of actively managed equity funds has declined 10 basis points, while that of equity index funds fell 12 basis points.
- Load fee payments have decreased. In 2012, the average maximum sales load on equity funds offered to investors was 5.3%. But the average sales load investors actually paid was only 1%, owing to load fee discounts on large purchases and fee waivers, such as those on purchases through 401(k) plans. Average load fees paid by investors have fallen nearly 75% since 1990.
Fund expenses cover portfolio management, fund administration and compliance, shareholder services, recordkeeping, certain kinds of distribution charges (known as 12b-1 fees), and other operating costs. A fund's expense ratio, which is disclosed in the fund's prospectus and shareholder reports, is the fund's total annual expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund's net assets. As opposed to sales loads, fund expenses are paid from fund assets.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mardi Gras Flyer Bundle
Mardi Gras Flyer Bundle
The PSD files are very well organized in folders and layers. You can modify everything very easy and quick. Changing the color style, pictures and the typo is no problem. The main folders that will require most customization are highlighted in different colors.
Flyers contained:
PRINT READY : 1275px x 1875px (4×6" with .25" bleeds), CMYK , 300DPI, .PSD layered
The free fonts used in the design are:
Don't forget to rate this file at download section.
I wish you success!


text:
Noisebridge | About | Visit | 272 | Manual | Contact | Guilds | Resources | Events | Projects | 5MoF | Meetings | Donate | (Edit) |
Guilds | Meta | Code | Electronics | Fabrication | Games | Sewing | Music | AI | Neuro | Philosophy | Funding | Art | Security | Ham | Brew | (Edit) |
Neurotech | NeurotechX | Neurotech Tuesdays | DreamTeam | Consciousness Hacking | EEG | Edit |
We're not currently meeting at any regular time. We do have a mailing list, though. Ping us there to meet up.
What is EEG?[edit | edit source]
EEG is a method of reading brain activity using electrodes on the scalp. We're currently trying to get a working setup that will enable us to measure alphaand beta waves, as well as providing a good enough resolution to collect some ERP data.
- EEG interface that uses ERP to select letters and spell words.
- Playing pong using EEG. (need to research whether this uses ERP or what cause it's cool...)
What is OpenEEG?[edit | edit source]
OpenEEG is an open-source EEG hardware design. The OpenEEG homepage has more information. Olimex has the boards available for purchase; it seems like a good reference design to use. We also have this EEG cap at the space, and we're currently working on amplifying it.
Projects being discussed[edit | edit source]
Custom EEG software: signal processing and pattern analysis[edit | edit source]
- Write code in Python using convenient libraries...
- 'SciPy - Scientific Tools for Python'
- 'NumPy - Numerical Python'
- I think it might be possible to write a gnuradio (software) signal processing block for EEG purposes - 'how to write a block'
- Machine Learning libraries that might be useful
- Don't forget Gnu Octave http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/ -- a open-source Matlab workalike
Brain Computer Interface for music[edit | edit source]
Sleep cycle monitoring[edit | edit source]
- Sleep stages can be easily monitored using EEG.
- Requires developing a minimal, rugged electrode setup.
Acoustic biofeedback for meditation[edit | edit source]
- Need to research sympathetic frequencies
Fire art using brainwave changes[edit | edit source]
- Beta waves make fire, alpha waves put it out?
Kinetic art using brain data[edit | edit source]
- Might use facial/muscular data?
Passthought[edit | edit source]
- Needs researching...
- use ERP to select off of screen?
- individual reaction to image?
- How to integrate different response for under duress?
Nerofeedback training for meditation and conscious mental state control[edit | edit source]
- silver electrodes with attached pieces of cotton-cloth, and a few drops of saline solution are used as first-contact with skin.
- short high-quality shielded audio cables lead to the head-box at the back of the head, which contains OpenEEG-smd-hardware
- USB connection to small linux-based WiFi-smartphone (N800) with bluetooth and WLAN
- TCP-Neuroserver forwards EEG-data as TCP-packets
- TCP-stream can be written to file, or sent to custom software
In the system described on www.meta-mind.de the brainwave-data is then mainly processed and visualized with a custom BrainBay-Preset.
Applications can be:
- innovative intuitive computer-input-device
- meditation (brainwave hemisphere-synchronization and conscious mental state control)
- Neurofeedback
- mental multi-player games: train relaxation, concentration, ability to shift mind-state consciously
There will be more documentation coming, and it would be fun to work on it together, create more working neuroheadset setups, and play multiplayer-mindcontrol-games at a workshop at Noisebridge later this year. --Rain 15:45, 28 July 2009 (PDT)
Meetup Notes[edit | edit source]
Meetings 4/16(/2018?) & 4/19(/2018?)[edit | edit source]
- On Thursday we had a brief, disorganized meeting that mostly consisted of being really excited about our new cap! It came this week.
- Also, had a new member on Thursday who's interested in using EEG for sleep study. This would be a useful direction to pursue, because it requires minimal, tough hardware, and data analysis wouldn't be too complex.
- On Sunday, almost no one showed up--we assume people will be vocal about it if Sunday meetups don't work for them? But we did talk about another new project that sounds fun: ambient acoustical biofeedback for meditation.
- A couple of our members have actually played with data at this point (see list archives, wherever those are--link anyone?) so that's progress!
Meetup the Second[edit | edit source]
- Boards - We talked about boards and amplifiers.
- The OpenEEG system has one processor board and can support up to three amplifier boards (we have one now). Each amplifier board supports two differential input channels. Jonathan doesn't think this is the critical path yet, but it might be later.
- Apparently Mitch also has a set of boards (Tracy will check?), and Jonathan may have a lead on another (pun sadly intentional).
- Jonathan volunteered to look at the serial interface from the OpenEEG processor board.
- The Cap - Rachel is going to buy the CAP100C EEG Cap Kit. Please give her your money. (Rachel, will you accept PayPal?)
- What connectors does this have?
- Facial & reference electrodes - We need to figure out how reference electrodes work with the headset.
- Our amp boards have differential input channels. We need to understand how these connect to single-ended and reference electrodes.
- Discussed facial data in Emotiv headset and adding some facial & reference electrodes to the our headset setup.
- Research implementations of the cap & sort out amplification and reference electrode setup.
- Kelly vaguely remembers something about localization using dipoles and wonders if this would be useful. Needs research.
- Enclosure - We need to set up a case of some sort and mount the boards in it with connectors. Tracy will take a lead on this. Jonathan will advise: very straightforward, just drill a few holes & solder a few leads once connectors are specified.
- We need a design decision on connectors. One-channel BNC or differential-channel mini-XLRs?
- Tracy brought a very pretty metal box. In Jonathan's opinion it's a little tight for several boards plus panel-mount connectors. Jonathan suggests a 1-U rack mount enclosed chassis if we can find an affordable one.
- Sanity check our grounding and filtering setup with EKG data since we don't have a clean electrode setup for EEG yet. Will be first step with enclosure.
First meetup: 2009-03-26 20h00 at 83c[edit | edit source]
- Who's here, and what are they interested in?
- What do we have available, and what do we need?
- How do we get what we need?
- Who's going to make that happen for the next meeting?
First steps[edit | edit source]
It sounds like our steps are the following:
- Assemble a set of OpenEEG boards
- Get together a set of electrodes
- Get the data into a computer
Once we've done that, let's look at heartbeats. They're big and easy to see. This is also a good first step towards bootstrapping the data analysis part.
After we've gotten good signal, we can move on to strapping the thing to people's heads and looking for brainwaves. This is where things get interesting. We can export the data and throw it over to the wacky Machine Learning meetup, we can tie it into crazy Cyborg group stuff, make, and we can use it as an input to other systems (be they security, music, or teledildonics).
Here's Jonathan's sketch of a plan, which sounds reasonable to me:
- Get a pool of OpenEEG cards. I would suggest starting with 8. Maybe several people want to "adopt" one by buying a kit and we can have a solder party. I will adopt one myself.
- Put them all in a metal box with a solid ground.
- Find someone with a 8-channel USB-audio interface for signal acquisition. These are pretty common with the musician crowd. (Sample rate is overkill, but that's OK). Anybody have one we could borrow? (Update: These may not have sufficient low-frequency response so may start with OpenEEG ADC).
- Find some good electrodes. Sanity check each channel by detecting heartbeats. (If we can't get those loud and clear, no point looking at the brain's much weaker signals.)
- Now are we ready to do EEGs. I would suggest -- nay, insist -- on a double-blind protocol, otherwise we will see results that aren't there. It's simply human nature. So get subject(s), over several trials, to say, attempt achieving an alpha state, and for a control, I don't know, read BoingBoing or something. Get a third party to randomize the order and keep track of data labels. (Might experiment with event response potentials too as long as we're all set up.)
- When you have some data, call in the geeks. I am personally expert at Fourier analysis, and have some experience with LDA (linear discriminant analysis) using SVD (singular value decomposition). I'd be happy to share what I know (including open-source tools like Octave and SciPy) and chew on the data for an evening.
- Bootstrap from there, as this may not work at all.


text:
New Orleans Saints head coach Sean Payton has been "suspended for one season without pay for his involvement in the team's bounty program," NFL.com reports.
The team's former defensive coordinator, Gregg Williams, "has been suspended indefinitely." He ran the program that paid players bounties for hits that knocked opponents out of games. Williams left the Saints after last season to join the St. Louis Rams.
And Saints general manager Mickey Loomis "has been suspended for eight games."
Also, according to CNN, the team has been fined $500,000 and must forfeit second-round picks in the 2012 and 2013 drafts.
Need to catch up on what bountygate, a scandal that has rocked the NFL, is all about? Sports Illustratedhas a lengthy look here.
Update at 2 p.m. ET. More On The Penalities, And A Question:
From New Orleans, The Times Picayune notes that "in addition, assistant head coach and linebackers coach Joe Vitt was suspended for 6 games without pay, meaning the Saints coaching staff will be in shambles for the upcoming campaign."
And it adds that:
"The punishments come against a backdrop of looming litigation. A growing number of players have filed lawsuits against the NFL and various equipment makers, alleging the parties were insufficiently diligent in making player safety a priority. [League Commissioner Roger] Goodell has made it clear he wants player safety to be a hallmark of his time as commissioner, pushing for rules changes that protect players on the field and levying heavy fines against players for hits ruled too savage."
Here's a question:
Note: That's not a scientific survey of public opinion. It's just a question.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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A Bath and Shower Grab Rail is an ideal combination to steady you standing in the bath but also helping you get up from the bath.
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text:
A-Rod and the Yankees are talking about a deal: This shouldn't surprise you at all. The highest-paid player in baseball was never going to eliminate the freest-spending team in baseball from the discussion – even if he just opted out of playing for them. The odds-on bet is still that A-Rod returns to the Yankees.
UPDATE: The hot rumor is that it's a done deal – 10 years for $275 million, which represents a small increase from his previous deal (and a substantial increase in what portion of that salary the Yankees are paying), but certainly more long-term security for the player.
If this rumor holds up, A-Rod will likely retire a Yankee, break Barry Bonds' career home-run record as a Yankee, hit No. 800 as a Yankee, wear a Yankees cap into the Hall of Fame – but it remains to be seen whether he will win any championships as a Yankee. If he is there for 10 more years, given his previous success with the team, I'll put the over-under on A-Rod/Yankees World Series titles at one. (And the over-under on Red Sox World Series titles within the same decade span at two.)
MLB Awards: Your managers of the year are Eric Wedge (a rare correct preseason pick from me) and Bob Melvin (who no one saw coming). I was surprised Colorado's Clint Hurdle finished 3rd. Between Hurdle and Tulowitzki, I guess voters didn't put much stock in the Rockies' late-season surge. We'll see if it impacted the biggest award race: NL MVP.
Meanwhile, today is NL Cy Young, and you have to imagine it will be Jake Peavy, even with his unclutch performance in Game 163 (but, apparently, voters aren't really taking that game into consideration – or at least giving it more weight than the previous 162… which they should. Yes, when it comes to awards, some regular season games are more important than others.)
Dwayne Wade returns, Heat still stink: I mean, they even lost to the Sonics, sorry Seattle's first win of the season. And the game was in Miami! (Wade had 15 points on 5/9 FG shooting in 25 minutes.)
Phil Jackson's "Brokeback" scandal: Normally, I think Jackson is one of the most intelligent, thoughtful sports figures out there. I think this remark was just plain dumb, rather than maliciously intended.
CFB: Heisman Watch – It's Dixon and Tebow down to the wire. That's how Heisman Pundit is calling it, after doing another (rather unscientific) poll of the Heisman pollsters. (h/t: Fanhouse) I still think that Chase Daniel can come from behind if he puts on spectacular performances while leading Missouri past both Kansas and Oklahoma in back-to-back weeks.
Totally related: Oregon on national TV tonight. Dennis Dixon gets the national stage all to himself tonight, as Oregon takes on Arizona in yet another must-see ESPN Thursday Night game. The matchup itself might seem like a dud, but here's a chance to watch one of the Top 2 teams in the country, up-close, along with the leading Heisman contender.
If Dixon stumbles, he could lose ground to Tebow or Daniel. Far more important, Oregon can go a long way toward shoring up their support with human BCS pollsters by winning decisively and impressively; however, if they look shaky (even in victory), that's going to open the door for both Oklahoma and Kansas to potentially jump ahead of the Ducks. (Pick: Oregon)
North Carolina is NOT No. 1 in college hoops: Hard to take them seriously at the No. 1 spot when they are barely getting by Davidson (by 4). Now, Davidson is a really good mid-major (see their Tournament performance a year ago vs. Maryland), but still: If you're going to claim a team is No. 1 (and that's the "experts," not Roy Williams himself), they should win a little more impressively, shouldn't they?
(Meanwhile, for an example of a real early-season throttling, check out Tennessee's 57-point win over D-II Arkansas-Monticello.)
NFL: Ricky Williams is back! I don't think the winless woeful Dolphins are in a position to sniff their nose at ANY player that they have the option to use, including one who hasn't played in 18 months – and particularly a running back. What I won't understand is if Ricky isn't in the best shape of his life; something tells me, though, that he didn't spend the last 18 months preparing to resume his NFL career.
NFL Notes: Is it really that big of a deal that Dwight Freeney is done for the season? It's not like the Colts were/are going to win the AFC... John Beck starting at QB for the Dolphins, and, yes, on several of my QB-starved fantasy rosters, I picked him up and will start him, too… Speaking of starting, Rex Grossman is back… Interesting to see the NFL showing its 8 NFL Network games online. Unfortunately, it's not available everywhere online, but just to certain Verizon DSL subscribers…
More NBA: The Celtics are 7-0 for the first time in 35 years. Yes, that's better than the legendary 1986 team started… What a duel between the East's best wing player, LeBron James (34 points, 13 rebounds, 14 assists), and its best post player, Dwight Howard (35 points, 16 rebounds). Howard's team won the game, and if you had to choose between investing long-term in the standings success of LeBron's Cavs or Howard's Magic, you would have to seriously consider favoring Howard's Magic… Looking for scoring help for your fantasy team? Perhaps you have Tracy McGrady and will see him out the next week (or more) with an elbow injury. Try Minnesota's McCants (if he's even still available)... Stephon Marbury is back with the Knicks, and $180,000 poorer for it…
College Hoops Recruiting Signing Begins: Florida may be in a rebuilding year, but they are leading the nation with
New CBB postseason tournament: I'm all for this third-tier postseason tournament, which is subordinate to both the NCAAs and the NIT. The market will decide if fans are willing to show any interest in the teams involved, but for the fans of those teams, it's a chance to participate in a postseason – any postseason – and extend their season. No one is claiming that the team that wins this tournament is particularly good; the organizers just recognized that college hoops fans of teams not in either of the main postseason tournaments have an appetite in March, too. Count me interested, College Basketball Invitational.
Sports Media: Mike Golic admits he used steroids: And that's just the steroids he was WILLING to admit he used. He tried to explain himself, but I think it's a little disingenuous that he has been commenting on the radio and TV every day through the years of the various steroid scandals in baseball and the NFL while keeping this particularly relevant personal detail to himself.


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In 1990, Carl Sagan led a group of scientists in drafting and signing an open letter urging action on the various environmental crises facing the world, including the threat of nuclear war and the reality of nuclear pollution, as well as climate change, ozone depletion, and acid rain. The letter, titled "Preserving and Cherishing the Earth: An Appeal for Joint Commitment in Science and Religion," explained:
Problems of such magnitude, and solutions demanding so broad a perspective must be recognized from the outset as having a religious as well as a scientific dimension. Mindful of our common responsibility, we scientists-many of us long engaged in combating the environmental crisis-urgently appeal to the world religious community to commit, in word and deed, and as boldly as is required, to preserve the environment of the Earth.
As on issues of peace, human rights, and social justice, religious institutions can here too be a strong force encouraging national and international initiatives in both the private and public sectors, and in the diverse worlds of commerce, education, culture, and mass communication. The environmental crisis requires radical changes not only in public policy, but in individual behavior. The historical record makes clear that religious teaching, example, and leadership are powerfully able to influence personal conduct and commitment.
As scientists, many of us have had profound experiences of awe and reverence before the universe. We understand that what is regarded as sacred is more likely to be treated with care and respect. Our planetary home should be so regarded. Efforts to safeguard and cherish the environment need to be infused with a vision of the sacred. At the same time, a much wider and deeper understanding of science and technology is needed. If we do not understand the problem, it is unlikely we will be able to fix it. Thus, there is a vital role for religion and science.
His famous TV series Cosmos took on many of the same themes, especially his fears about nuclear war.
The first episode of the reboot of Cosmos has not ventured as far into questions of politics and the nature of society, and its most potent sally into that territory has gotten mixed reviews. As our own Peter Hess observed, the first episode took a long detour from its history of the cosmos to tell a cartoonish history of Giordano Bruno. The intent seems to have been to revive the long-debunked and historically-discredited metaphor of warfare between science and religion. In doing so, this rebooted Cosmos abandons Sagan's sensible stance on science and religion (a personal agnosticism and a public skepticism of supernatural claims) and botches the history of science along the way.
It isn't just NCSE's Hess (a theologian) who objected to the misuse and mischaracterization of Giordano Bruno. Science writer Becky Ferreira, for Motherboard, acknowledged that the show "did a pretty good job of covering its butt by shoehorning in some of Bruno's contradictions, like the fact that he was a crappy scientist (and many historians argue he shouldn't be considered one at all)," adding:
the truth is that Bruno's scientific theories weren't what got him killed…support for [heliocentrism] was not considered heresy during Bruno's trial...[His] support for Copernican cosmology was the least heretical position he propagated...For example, Bruno had the balls to suggest that Satan was destined to be saved and redeemed by God. He didn't think Jesus was the son of God, but rather "an unusually skilled magician." He even publicly disputed Mary's virginity. The Church could let astronomical theories slide, but calling the Mother of God out on her sex life? There's no doubt that these were the ideas that landed Bruno on the stake.
Historian of science Rebekah Higgitt, for the Guardian, observes that:
the overriding message appears to have been about heroic passion for truth against dogma and science versus religion... this is a case of turning history into parable.
This is problematic for many reasons, one of which is that it doesn't exactly sit well with claims to champion evidence-based knowledge. Another is that hiding parts of Bruno's story that undermine the image of the scientific martyr plays into the hands of those who are only too pleased to highlight what might appear to be anti-religious propaganda coming from the scientific and media establishment.
Historian of astronomy Meg Rosenburg, for True Anomalies, summarizes the Bruno segment as "a compelling story, but it's a vastly simplified one."
So…was he a scientist? No, as Tyson rightly states. His views were philosophical speculations, not based on empirical observations–and anyway "science" isn't an applicable term for what anyone was doing in the 16th century. He was also not the nice-mannered, doe-eyed dissenter that Cosmos portrays, but a pretty difficult human being to get along with, albeit probably a more interesting one!
Sciencebloggin impresario Hank Campbell, for The Federalist, asks the entirely reasonable question: "Why would a science program devote 25 percent of its first episode to the persecution of someone who was not a scientist, was not accepted by scientists, and published no science, but was instead a martyr for magic?"
Thomas MacDonald, a church historian and religion reporter blogging at Patheos, objected to the episode's claim that "in 1599 everyone [but Bruno] knew the sun, planets and stars were just lights in sky revolving around the earth."
Wow, who's going to tell Copernicus? Kepler? Stigliola? Diggs? Maestlin? Rothmann? Brahe? All of them believed in models of the cosmos that were not considered orthodox, and lived at the time of Bruno. All of them escaped the fire, and indeed weren't even pursued by the Inquisition. Right here we have the major lie at the heart of modern anti-religious scientific propaganda: the war between faith and science…
Bruno was no friend of science. He was a disturbed mystic. Stanley Jaki, who translated Bruno's rambling, nonsensical The Ash Wednesday Supper, has suggested that if the Inquisition hadn't burned him, the Copernicans would have. He did nothing but harm the progress being made by actual scholars and scientists, and arguably laid the ground for the harsh approach to Galileo…
And then asks the critical question:
Why are we replaying the Bruno story in a documentary about space?
What is the purpose? What is the result?
Is it to show how science and religion came into conflict? The Galileo case would be a better example for that, but people already know that one and Galileo didn't have the benefit of a cinematic death that makes his opponents looks like mindless savages.
In the development of theories about the cosmos, Bruno was almost irrelevant, and perhaps even harmed those debates because he meshed those theories with a staggering level of heresy and New Age-style nonsense. He was a hermeticist and cabalist, and viewed heliocentrism not as some verifiable scientific truth, but as a sign of the return to the true, superior religion of ancient Egypt. He saw his work as a corrective to Copernicus, who failed to understand the religious significance of heliocentrism. He was more influenced by Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, an occultist and magician, than by anyone else. His work had little to do with science.
Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa would have been a far better figure to illustrate the development of the idea, but he died peacefully in his bed, a cardinal and officer of the papal court, so he's not as useful as Bruno.
Corey Powell, editor at Discover magazine, had an extensive exchange with Cosmos writer Steven Soter, trying to hash out these issues. I think Powell's case remains stronger than Soter's but you can judge for yourself.
Historian of 16th century science Thony Christie addresses Soter's historical arguments, observing that he misuses various quotes to claim that Bruno had more influence than he did, and that he misreads history by trying to read it backwards:
Soter is also guilty here of quote mining, selecting those parts of Bruno's fantasy that fit with our modern concepts and quietly ignoring those that don't. This is a form of presentism known as searching for predecessors. One takes an accepted scientific idea and filters through history to see if somebody had the same idea earlier, then crying eureka and declaring the discovered thinker to be a genius ahead of his or her times.
Against that outpouring of objections from historians of science and others who want to see the rebooted Cosmos live up to the highest ideals of scientific and historical accuracy, PZ Myers insists that we are all Missing the Point of Giordano Bruno. In PZ Myers's reading, the point of having a science show talk about Bruno and his cosmology (which he arrived at through a mystical vision and which he set at odds with Copernicans because they did not use heliocentrism as a religious argument) was not to tell a story about the history of science and its relationship to society or religion, but to simply alert the world to the fact: "Bruno was tortured to an agonizing death for his beliefs. Full stop." And more generally: "The Church maintained an Inquisition to torture people who didn't follow Catholic dogma in thought." To PZ's eyes, nothing about that segment rested on whether Bruno was the brave vox clamantis in deserto, calmly championing heliocentrism and an infinite universe. The fact that Bruno wasn't killed for those beliefs (not, of course, that he should have been killed for any of his beliefs, nor for stating them publicly!), that he didn't arrive at his conclusions for scientific or empirical reasons, and didn't try to test those ideas scientifically, are all, in PZ's telling, irrelevant.
Watch the show yourself and judge what point the segment is making. But if PZ is right and the point was to talk about the horrors of the Roman Inquisition, why not expound upon the Albigensian Crusade or the Hussite Crusade or Joan of Arc or Girolamo Savonarola or William Tyndale, who also were put to death for their theological heterodoxies? Why spin a misleading tale about Bruno, implying that he inspired and laid the groundwork for a modern cosmology in which the universe is infinite, our sun is just another star, and our planets orbit our sun as other planets orbit other suns?
No, it's clear that Cosmos wanted to open with a tale about the conflict between science and religion, and repeated hackneyed misreadings of the Bruno tale in order to advance a false historical narrative in which Bruno was an important voice in astronomy, silenced for his views by religious dogmatists.
The failure can be illustrated, as Thomas MacDonald observed, by pointing out that various people who advocated cosmologies comparable to Bruno's were not punished by the Inquisition for those views. Or it could have been seen in the segment of Cosmos immediately following the Bruno segment, where Neil deGrasse Tyson used the expanding universe and the Big Bang Theory as examples of how science advances through the careful testing of hypotheses. After all, the expansion of the universe was first proposed by ordained Catholic priest Georges Lemaître, who faced no interference from the Church. Then again, his work was initially dismissed by no less a figure than Albert Einstein (a Jewish agnostic), who insisted: "Vos calculs sont corrects, mais votre physique est abominable" ("Your calculations are correct, but your physical insight is abominable") and dismissed the idea by claiming it "suggests too much the creation." Arthur Eddington, a Quaker whose work served as a basis for much of Lemaître's own calculations, nonetheless dismissed the idea of an expansionary universe with a definable beginning, stating: "As a scientist, I simply do not believe the universe began with a bang," and asserting, "Philosophically, the notion of a beginning of the present order of nature is repugnant for me."
Had Tyson and the Cosmos team told that story, how might the audience have viewed the relationship between science and religion, especially their own religion? Would viewers have gotten a more accurate, current, and useful vision of that relationship, had the show instead recounted this modern instance where scientists' prior religious commitments clouded their reactions to new developments in science? And given Carl Sagan's recognition that science and religion have to work hand in hand to solve the great challenges of our day, wouldn't telling that story instead have been truer to the show's own roots?
Fortunately, the second episode (ably reviewed by our own Steve Newton) steered clear of mythic warfare between science and religion. Instead, Tyson offers a somewhat spiritual defense of evolution. "The theory of evolution, like the theory of gravity, is a scientific fact," he explains. "Evolution really happened. Accepting our kinship with life on earth is not only solid science, in my view it is also a soaring spiritual experience."


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Senator Missy Irvin of Mountain View is drafting legislation to better prepare students and faculty in Arkansas for incidents of deadly school violence.
Irvin said that a goal of her legislation would be for schools to be able to take advantage of existing programs offered by the state Criminal Justice Institute, a part of the University of Arkansas system. "I believe students and faculty should be prepared to handle an incident of campus violence," Irvin said. "My legislation would require drills, at least annually, similar to the way tornado drills are carried out."
Irvin has been meeting with the Education Department and the Arkansas Association of Educational Administrators, which represents superintendents, principals and administrators. She also has discussed the legislation with organizations representing sheriffs and police chiefs.
"One concern I've heard, and which I share, is that it should not become an unfunded mandate. That could make it a financial burden for some communities. The challenge for the legislature will be to provide sufficient funding, " Irvin said.
Cheryl May, a director of the Criminal Justice Institute, said it had a safe school initiative that for four years has provided training and helped to some school resource officers. Local law enforcement officers are included in the training, she said.
"We're committed to making Arkansas schools safer, through better preparation of local law enforcement, school staff and emergency management personnel, in case an unfortunate incident occurs on a school campus in Arkansas," May said.
Training for faculty would include, but not be limited to, how to prevent and respond to acts of violence and terrorism. Also, training would be geared to improving communication between school officials and law enforcement agencies.


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Pragmatic Reasoning through Semantic Inference. Semantics and Pragmatics Vol 9 (2016) , (2016). BergenLevyGoodman2015.pdf (1.12 MB)
CBMM Memos were established in 2014 as a mechanism for our center to share research results with the wider scientific community. Click here to read more about the memos and to see a full list of the memos.


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Police: Shia LaBeouf removed from Broadway theater
NEW YORK (AP) - Police say actor Shia LaBeouf (SHY'-uh luh-BUF') has been taken out of a New York City theater for being disorderly and causing a disruption.
It happened Thursday night at Studio 54 in Manhattan during a performance of the Broadway show "Cabaret."
A spokesman for the show says LaBeouf was "disruptive during Act 1" and was escorted out of the theater at intermission.
The 28-year-old former star of the "Transformers" franchise was arrested on charges of disorderly conduct and criminal trespass. He's in police custody and can't be reached for comment. A message seeking comment from a representative for him hasn't been returned.
Police are continuing to investigate what happened.
LaBeouf's other films include "Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull," ''Disturbia" and "Wall Street Never Sleeps."


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This raw silk shirt and izzaar featuring organza dupatta evokes a sense of nostalgia for a bygone era while still remaining a timeless piece. It is meticulously hand embroidered in resham, zardozi and crystals.
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Superstitions abound among Atlantic Canada's small-scale fishermen. Whistling on board can bring on a gale, while a mere mention of pigs- let alone snacking a pork product whilst at sea- threatens a trip to Davy Jones' Locker. But only one bit of mojo really matters: It's the commodity curse.
And there's only one way to break it. If we care about local seafood and healthy, resilient coastal communities, the way we buy and sell fish here has to change.
Atlantic Canada is home to some of the world's best sustainable seafood. We've got bottom longlined haddock and halibut, trap-caught shrimp, harpooned swordfish, dive-caught scallops, hand-dug clams, freshly jigged mackerel and so much more. But in part because of perverse global economics- a.k.a. the commodity curse- you can find better seafood in Detroit than you can in Halifax. Worse, the small-scale fisheries that provide this incredible bounty don't have access to a regional or local market, and independent fishermen are finding it harder and harder to stay in business. Fish has become a commodity. And to some, fishing has become a curse.
In the old days, fishermen would hold onto some of the choicest bits of the day's catch to share, trade or sell within their immediate community. The rest of the catch would be scooped up by a local buyer who would offer premium fresh fish to the local and regional markets and send salted and dried products to distant markets. The two markets were separate- a drop in demand in the distant market would have no effect on the price of fish in the local one.
Nowadays though, most Atlantic Canadian seafood becomes a global commodity the moment it comes out of the water (and in some case, before it is even caught). It slides right into the global seafood supply chain, a long, slippery trip that competes on low prices, requires large volumes, and breaks any meaningful connection between the people who catch fish and the people who eat it. Until very recently, Chedabucto Bay trap-caught shrimp were simply lumped in with their more plentiful trawled counterparts and sold at commodity prices, despite superior quality and sustainability. With such low prices, the easy option is to 'make it up on volume' – draggers and seines scoop up enormous amounts of fish (and anything unlucky enough to get caught in the neighbourhood) and dump it onto the market while low-volume, low-impact gears get squeezed out.
The curse of the seafood supply chain also drives most value-added processing to far-flung places. Regional processing of high-value seafood makes sense, but the incredible volume of cheap fish being landed makes our "high" labour costs uncompetitive. Consolidated lots of fish make local processing inefficient and these days, a haddock landed in the Bay of Fundy may have traveled all the way to China and back before it appears back at the Digby Superstore.
Only a small part of our locally caught seafood makes the long trip back. This leaves us with supermarket seafood displays full of Vietnamese shrimp and local groundfish that traveled far too far. Few of our farmer's markets offer local seafood at all. Meanwhile our succulent Chedabucto Bay trap caught shrimp and dive-caught urchins are for the most part shipped directly to the premium Japanese markets, while the entire harpooned swordfish catch goes to the American Whole Foods chain.
Another rub of this commodity curse is that it tends to corner fishermen as 'price takers.' Because the buyers and sellers along the supply chain rarely share information, fishermen rarely know what price the final consumer has paid for their catch. This makes it difficult for fishermen to negotiate a fair price. Local prices are set with reference to Boston auctions and our fishermen feel the impact. If a forklift runs over a pallet of halibut in Boston, the wharf price in Yarmouth drops accordingly.
To stay afloat and contribute to a regional food system, our small-scale fisheries need to break this "commodity curse.' But of course, this kind of curse can't be broken with chants, incantations or positive thinking. Or even blog posts.
Small-scale fishermen need a viable market alternative- namely, a regional value chain. In a value chain, seafood products don't compete merely on price. Rather, their value is held by the stories shared along the chain- of fishing families, communities and stewardship- along with the traceability and integrity of the chain itself. (More about how regional value chains for seafood might look in Atlantic Canada in a future post.)
Regional value chains create good mojo and help empower small-scale fisheries, bolster rural employment and support community development. Unfortunately, Ecology Action Centre's recent assessment of Nova Scotia's regional seafood value chain found that we simply don't have one.
Changing the way we buy and sell fish in Atlantic Canada is a real piece of work. There's no magic bullet answer, no one-size-fits-all solution, or catchy slogan that will build regional markets, distribution, and processing infrastructure. Which means that for those of us who care about, good, clean, fair seafood, we need to really put our heads together to figure out how to help build new regional value chains. We need to pinpoint the best opportunities to push, invest in and develop regional seafood value chains in Atlantic Canada.
And as consumers, we need to do our part in breaking the commodity curse. When buying seafood, ask these questions: Where was it caught? How was it caught? When was it caught? Who caught it? Where was it processed? Seek out sustainably harvested seafood, and be ready to pay a premium for it. Expect seasonality. Consider joining a Community Supported Fishery, or try to buy your seafood from the mobile fish vendors you see on the side of the road.
Sadie Beaton has been working on various sustainable fisheries and coastal conservation projects for the past decade or so with Ecology Action Centre, Nova Scotia's largest environmental organization. Most recently, she has been administering SmallScales.ca- a new Atlantic Canadian fisheries blog.
Despite major shifts, small-scale fishing is still the anchor for many of our communities. But do most of us even know who our small-scale fishermen are? What IS small-scale? And what is the future of our fisheries as we re-imagine rural economies in the 21st century? As we dive into untold tales, foggy assumptions and tricky questions, smallscales.ca hope you'll join the conversation.
This article by Sadie Beaton was orriginally published on smallscales.ca
Photo: ustravel.nl
Find out more about Slow Fish, Slow Food's international campaign for sustainable fishing at old.slowfood.com/slowfish.
Watch this space for more information about the Slow Fish event to be held in Genoa, Italy from May 9 to 12.


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I was wondering if you guys were aware of the (second) sequel to that terrible film, Zeitgeist, and if you plan on talking about it any time soon. If you've done it recently, I apologize for spamming you... I haven't had the opportunity to watch the last few episodes just yet. I've just started watching the sequel on YouTube (so you don't have to do any googling: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Z9WVZddH9w&feature=feedlik), and in the first 10 minutes they started harping on how Biology is wrong because there's such a thing as epigenetics. Sounds like more relatively well-informed stupidity to me. I only watch it for the same reason I saw Expelled and What The Bleep Do We Know !!!111!? My hopes for humanity diminish proportionally.
by the way you sould look the new film " zeitgeist Moving Forward " where we see how
[long list of names with irrelevant credentials]
...etc and of course Peter Joseph
describe that our current system breeds insanity
and i hope you dont act emotional about the word zeitgeist because
" Zeitgeist moving forward " is not like the first film
I am a member of The Zeitgeist Movement and would love to get your feedback on what the movement is advocating. I have searched high and low for evidence that the concepts of this movement are falsifiable, but have yet to find any information doing so. I'm not sure as to whether or not you are aware of the difference between The Zeitgeist films and the Movement, but there is certainly an expressed difference.
Also, your host insistently bash the Zeitgeist movement and 911 truth. This really baffles me because the Zeitgeist Movement is a just secular movement that advocates the scientific method for social concern (doing away with corrupt monetary capitalism that allows children to go hunger)
Yes, okay, we get it. We heard you. Thanks. The guy who made Zeitgeist has made another movie-- actually TWO other movies now -- and they cover different topics than the original movie. Lastly, this message is from a comment on a Facebook link I shared that relates to Medicare. Though the commenter doesn't mention Zeitgeist directly, he did bring up the theme of the last two movies.
The better solution than social services is a Resource Based Economy and the elimination of the monetary system altogether. We cannot possible print enough money to solve all of our problems and we certainly cannot save our way to the needed solutions through austerity measures. The 'bottom line' is that money is THE constraint on human progress (well, that and cultural conditioning).
- You have a limited resource. In one case it was timber (cutting down trees on an island faster than they grew back) and in another, it was grazeable farmland.
- Something about your civilization requires you to use a lot of that resource.
- It starts to run out, but the culture is rigid and resists change.
- People talk about breaking their dependency on this resource, but don't actually do anything about it.
- Much to everyone's surprise, it runs out.
- Turns out the requirement for that resource is pretty widespread. Many people die.


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The standoff between a murder suspect and French police in Toulouse, France, has stirred up a swirl of speculation about the man's background and motives, but so far there are relatively few confirmed facts.
French officials say the suspect is a 23- or 24-year-old Frenchman of Algerian decent by the name of Mohammed Merah, who had a long record as a juvenile delinquent.
He's suspected in the killings this month of three French paratroopers of North African descent, as well as a rabbi and three Jewish schoolchildren.
French Interior Minister Claude Gueant told reporters that the suspect holed up in an apartment claims to be a member of al-Qaida. He says he's acting in revenge for the killings of Palestinian children by Israel and for French military involvement in Afghanistan.
Merah was reportedly under government surveillance before the recent spree of attacks because of his past travel to Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as alleged membership in a banned jihadi group.
Merah's brother has been detained, and there have been reports that he was involved in the recent purchase of a motorcycle that witnesses say was used in all three deadly shootings.
There have also been reports that Mohammed Merah served time in a prison in Kandahar, Afghanistan, but escaped as part of a mass jail break in 2008. However, this and other details have not been confirmed.
The fast-moving case is a textbook example of how bits of information --confirmed or not — take on a life of their own in the early hours of a breaking news story.
Some information is coming from official French sources, such as the interior minister's news conferences. Some is unearthed by reporters. And some unconfirmed details bounce around in the echo chamber of speculation until it appears that they are coming from multiple sources.
The case has consumed France, and could potentially have an impact on the country's presidential election, set for April 22.
Jonathan Laurence, a professor of political science at Boston College, says that the profile of the case — with its Jewish and North Africa victims — at first suggested that the killer might be from the extreme right-wing. Some were drawing parallels to the Norwegian shooter involved in the attacks that killed dozens of people last summer in Norway.
Laurence says that many analysts thought the attacks might force French presidential candidates to modify their rhetoric, especially about the hot-button issue of Muslim immigration.
Far-right National Front candidate Marine Le Pen was among the candidates who suspended campaigning during the mourning for those killed.
But when attention focused on a suspect with Muslim roots, Le Pen denounced the government.
French President Nicolas Sarkozy is running for re-election, and he attended a memorial for the paratroopers today, calling the killings "a terrorist execution."
Laurence notes that Sarkozy reached out to French Muslims earlier this month, when he visited the Grand Mosque of Paris to help inaugurate a memorial for Muslim soldiers who were killed fighting for France during the First World War.
Laurence says that anti-Muslim politics may now play a bigger role in the French election, especially as candidates reach out to potential swing voters.
But he says "a kind of normalization has taken place" for Muslims in France, that could mitigate any backlash against them.
Many people may see "the common enemy here as the enemy of Frenchmen of North African descent in uniform."
Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.


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Rather than splitting open a femoral artery, I thought I'd make and drink a mug of a hot cocoa instead.
And here's the recipe since the forum needs content. Also it was pretty good and perfect for a chilly night.
1 heaping tablespoon cocoa
1 1/4 to 1 1/2 tablespoon honey
1 small drop of vanilla extract
1/8ish teaspoon cayenne pepper
1/4ish teaspoon cinnamon (I think; I just sprinkled it in. It may have been sliiiightly less.)
1 cup milk
Put it all in a saucepan on medium-high heat. Whisk it all together. Heat it until it starts to simmer. Pour in a cup.


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That's what bothers me. I just can't comprehend why in 2007, 2009 and 2010 this program's coaches and players waited until the biggest prizes were off the table to decide to play their hardest and smartest football*. It's maddening.
Georgia is not a program with 4-5 talent. Georgia is not a program with 4-5 facilities, recruiting base, financial backing or any other infrastructural element. There's no Jan Kemp, Ronny Contrell or Lane Kiffin-sized legitimate excuse for where we are. We are here because Coach Richt has consistently waited too long to address the glaring problems surrounding the program, and that is why we are where we are.
It's a systemic issue of urgency that we've discussed frequently over the years. A coach with "hair on fire urgency" doesn't do the following:
- Tolerate Neil Callaway's recruiting for 6 seasons
- Tolerate John Jancek's epic fail linebacker coaching for 5 seasons
- Tolerate John Fabris' idiotic kickoff "strategies" for 9 seasons
- Redshirt Knowshon Moreno
- Promote a kid like McClendon when *obviously* more qualified candidates were available
- Wait to terminate Martinez and post-pone an inevitable rebuilding process
- Blow off two a day practices in favor of pool parties
- Let the strength program fall to where we're getting mauled up front
It's all so avoidable, and that's what frustrates me the most.
To clarify, I'm not calling for Mark Richt's job or his head. I want him to be successful because he's a good person...but more importantly because the process of replacing him is TERRIFYING when you consider the realistic pool of potential candidates.
I'm simply asking that our coach manage our program in the proactive manner that is commensurate with his compensation package. To date, we've paid Coach Richt almost $20 million. The bulk of that money was not paid as a reward for past performances. It was paid to ensure we got consistently excellent results on a go forward basis. Once you win the SEC, you're not Coach for Life. You still have to drive the program forward.
We've now lost 10 games in the past two seasons, and appear very likely to lose 11 in two seasons. As a point of comparison, Jim Donnan lost 11 games in his final THREE seasons in Athens. Regardless of Richt's excellent achievements in his first five years, he absolutely cannot take the program to a level lower than he found it. That's simply not acceptable.
He's being paid to make the tough decisions BEFORE those decisions become obvious to those of us who've never been in the arena. Waiting for years after we can figure it out is far too long. And that's my frustration.
*Ht to "Whyso" via DawgPost.com's message board for helping me articulate that sentence more concisely than my original draft. He articulated what I was trying to say in a similar manner. Not the whole post...just that sentence.


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George Dance RA (1741 - 1825)
RA Collection: Art
This album contains caricature drawings by George Dance and his friend and fellow Academician, William Daniell. An architect by profession, Dance spent much of his spare time drawing elegant profile portraits of friends, acquaintances and prominent public figures. He declared that this hobby provided him with 'a great relaxation from the severer studies and more laborious employment' of his architectural pursuits. A source of even greater entertainment and artistic liberation was his penchant for caricature and humorous sketches of the type found in this album.
In this genre, Dance followed in the footsteps of his elder brother Nathaniel, who gave up painting professionally after his marriage to a wealthy widow and confined his artistic output to caricature and occasional portraits. Whilst some of the brothers' humorous drawings conform to the Georgian model of political and social satire, George Dance's "Gigs, odd Roaring, Ranting, Smiling, Frowning, Cap'ring, Sluts, Booby's, Kings, &c. with Chimera's dire!" in this album are mostly - with a few exceptions - whimsical explorations of the absurd, the dramatic and the grotesque.
Several themes recur throughout the album, including theatrical depictions of supernatural apparitions and sketches mocking couples and the rituals of courtship. Many of the drawings simply exaggerate and make fun of generic human vices such as gluttony and laziness. In particular, both Dance and Daniell include many figures drinking, smoking, sleeping and arguing in their sketches, often creating a comic effect by juxtaposing these figures with their opposite counterparts. Some of the drawings are appended with humorous captions and in several cases these seem to have been added later, transforming straightforward sketches or preparatory drawings into caricatures.The liveliest and most recurrent theme, however, consists of Dance's "Chimeras dire", that is, imaginary hybrid creatures and anthropomorphic figures.
However, whilst the sketches generally revel in the absurd, some of them are evidently influenced by contemporary thought and historical events. Dance even titled the album "The Sublime and the Beautiful', a light-hearted reference to Edmund Burke's highly influential On the Sublime and the Beautiful of 1756. A set of caricatures of dignitaries satirises ineffectual foreign administrations and at least one can be linked specifically to the events of the Peninsular War, in which Dance's son William took part. A number of the drawings are also connected with plays and operas which were staged during the period. This is perhaps unsurprising given the Dance family's strong theatrical connections. James, eldest of the Dance brothers (d. 1774), was a somewhat roguish actor and writer who ran a theatre in Richmond and performed at Drury Lane and his son, William (d. 1840), was a musician in the King's Theatre Orchestra.
Dance's profile portraits were well known to his contemporaries but his caricatures seem to have been reserved for his own private entertainment and that of his family and friends. Nevertheless, while staying with Sir George Beaumont at Coleorton, Dance frequently entertained his host and patron by 'drawing humorous figures'. The album was possibly assembled for Dance's own family, and the inscription on the first page reminding "Nobody (so well known to Everybody)" to "put their fingers, toes, or elbows &c. upon the Gigs in pensil only" certainly suggests that he anticipated its use by persons perhaps less respectful than Sir George Beaumont.
William Daniell's contribution to the album was probably instigated by Dance and, four of his twenty six drawings are copies after original images by Dance. Despite an apparent talent for the genre, Daniell seems not to have produced many humorous drawings. However, some of his illustrations to W. Wood's Zoography; or, the Beauties of Nature Displayed (London 1807) employ distortions of scale which are close to caricature in effect.
Related Works:
There are two similar albums in the Tate collection by both Dance brothers. The Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge also has a large group of their comic drawings and a number of the brothers' caricatures also survive in private collections.
93 mm x 72 mm


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text:
The Ladder of Divine Ascent
This article forms part of the series Orthodox Spirituality | |
Holy Mysteries | |
Baptism - Chrismation Confession - Eucharist Marriage - Ordination Holy Unction | |
Three Stages | |
Catharsis/Purification Theoria/Illumination Theosis/Divinization | |
Hesychasm | |
Nepsis - Metanoia Hesychia - Phronema Mysticism - Nous | |
Asceticism | |
Chastity - Obedience Stability - Fasting Poverty - Monasticism | |
Virtues | |
Humility - Generosity Chastity - Meekness Temperance - Contentment Diligence | |
Prayer | |
Worship - Veneration Prayer Rule - Jesus Prayer Relics - Sign of the Cross | |
Church Fathers | |
Apostolic Fathers Desert Fathers Cappadocians The Philokalia The Ladder of Divine Ascent | |
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There is also a related icon known by the same title. It depicts many people climbing a ladder; at the top is Jesus Christ, prepared to receive the climbers into Heaven. Also shown are angels helping the climbers, and demons attempting to shoot with arrows or drag down the climbers, no matter how high up the ladder they may be. Most versions of the icon show at least one person falling.
History of The Ladder
John, whilst a hermit living at the Sinai Peninsula, was recognized for his humility, obedience, wisdom (which was attained through spiritual experience), and discernment. He already had a reputation for being extremely knowledgeable about how to practice a holy life. St. John, igumen of the Raithu Monastery, one day asked St. John Climacus (also known as John of Sinai) to write down his wisdom in a book. At first hesitant to take on such a task, John of Sinai eventually honored the request, and he proceeded to write The Ladder. St. John Climacus received his name "Climacus" ("of the Ladder") because of this work, and his writing The Ladder (later called The Ladder of Divine Ascent) has been compared to the Holy Prophet and God-seer Moses receiving the Law.
This work was initially used by monastics. In fact it is read by monastics to this day during the Great Fast. It is also suggested as Lenten reading for those who are still "of this world"; yet this should be done with caution and under the guidance of a spiritual father. This work has made its mark on the lives of innumerable saints, including St. Theodore the Studite, St. Sergius of Radonezh, St. Joseph of Volokolamsk, St. Peter of Damascus, and St. Theophan the Recluse, amongst many others.
Structure and purpose
The aim of the treatise is to be a guide for practicing a life completely and wholly devoted to God. The ladder metaphor—not dissimilar to the vision that the Patriarch Jacob received—is used to describe how one may ascend into heaven by first renouncing the world and finally ending up in heaven with God. There are thirty chapters; each covers a particular vice or virtue. They were originally called logoi, but in the present day, they are referred to as "steps." The sayings are not so much rules and regulations, as with the Law that St. Moses received at Sinai, but rather observations about what is being practiced. Metaphorical language is employed frequently to better illustrate the nature of virtue and vice. Overall, the treatise does follow a progression that transitions from start (renunciation of the world) to finish (a life lived in love).
The steps are:
- On renunciation of the world
- On detachment
- On exile or pilgrimage; concerning dreams that beginners have
- On blessed and ever-memorable obedience (in addition to episodes involving many individuals)
- On painstaking and true repentance which constitutes the life of the holy convicts; and about the Prison
- On remembrance of death
- On joy-making mourning
- On freedom from anger and on meekness
- On remembrance of wrongs
- On slander or calumny
- On talkativeness and silence
- On lying
- On despondency
- On that clamorous mistress, the stomach
- On incorruptible purity and chastity, to which the corruptible attain by toil and sweat
- On love of money, or avarice
- On non-possessiveness (that hastens one Heavenwards)
- On insensibility, that is, deadening of the soul and the death of the mind before the death of the body
- On sleep, prayer, and psalmody with the brotherhood
- On bodily vigil and how to use it to attain spiritual vigil, and how to practise it
- On unmanly and puerile cowardice
- On the many forms of vainglory
- On mad pride and (in the same Step) on unclean blasphemous thoughts; concerning unmentionable blasphemous thoughts
- On meekness, simplicity, and guilelessness which come not from nature but from conscious effort, and about guile
- On the destroyer of the passions, most sublime humility, which is rooted in spiritual perception
- On discernment of thoughts, passions and virtues; on expert discernment; brief summary of all aforementioned
- On holy stillness of body and soul; different aspects of stillness and how to distinguish them
- On holy and blessed prayer, the mother of virtues, and on the attitude of mind and body in prayer
- Concerning Heaven on earth, or Godlike dispassion and perfection, and the resurrection of the soul before the general resurrection
- Concerning the linking together of the supreme trinity among the virtues; a brief exhortation summarizing all that has said at length in this book
Guide to reading The Ladder
Like with other ascetical and spiritual texts, this one should be read carefully. Since the original audience was those practicing the monastic life, the language is very strong when contrasting the life of the world and the life devoted to God. This is one of the reasons why this work should be read under the guidance of a spiritual father. This work can be read at once with careful attention and intense concentration, trying to replicate as much as possible the monastic life. Yet it can also be read in its individual steps as well. The bottom line is that a spiritual father should be there as a guiding hand with this work.
English language editions
The Ladder of Divine Ascent, published by Holy Transfiguration Monastery. (ISBN 0943405033) This edition, based on Archimandrite Lazarus Moore's translation is generally preferred over the Paulist Press edition of the Ladder—especially because of the verse numberings, which are the standard way of referencing Climacus' sayings (these are also present in older versions of Archimandrite Lazarus' translation). It is also physically beautiful and much nicer to have on one's bookshelf. It contains an icon of "The Ladder," many other embellishments, and is printed on high quality paper. All that said, the Paulist Press edition is also worth having, especially because of the helpful introduction by Bishop Kallistos.
- Luibheid, Colm; Russell, Norman. John Climacus: The Ladder of Divine Ascent. Paulist Press. [ISBN 0809123304]
- Mack, John. Ascending the Heights: A Layman's Guide to the Ladder of Divine Ascent. [ISBN 1888212179]
See also
- The Ladder of Divine Ascent as published by Holy Transfiguration Monastery
- Orthodox Church in America, biography on St. John of Sinai
- 'On Repentance that Leads to Joy: The Spirituality of St John Klimakos', by M.C. Steenberg, from the Monachos.net web site
Secondary literature
- Ascending the Heights - A Layman's Guide to The Ladder of Divine Ascent by Fr. John Mack ISBN 1-888212-17-9 (St Vladimir's Seminary Press)
Categories > Liturgics > Prayers
Categories > OrthodoxWiki > Articles in a series > Orthodox spirituality series
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Statistics related to mental health disorders
The following are the latest statistics available from the National Institute of Mental Health Disorders, part of the National Institutes of Health:
- Mental health disorders account for several of the top causes of disability in established market economies, such as the U.S., worldwide, and include: major depression (also called clinical depression), manic depression (also called bipolar disorder), schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
- An estimated 26% of Americans ages 18 and older — about 1 in 4 adults — suffers from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.
- Many people suffer from more than one mental disorder at a given time. Depressive illnesses tend to co-occur with substance use and anxiety disorders.
- Approximately 9.5% of American adults ages 18 and over, will suffer from a depressive illness (major depression, bipolar disorder, or dysthymia) each year.
- Women are nearly twice as likely to suffer from major depression than men. However, men and women are equally likely to develop bipolar disorder.
- While major depression can develop at any age, the average age at onset is the mid-20s.
- With bipolar disorder, which affects approximately 2.6% of Americans age 18 and older in a given year — the average age at onset for a first manic episode is during the early 20s.
- Most people who commit suicide have a diagnosable mental disorder — most commonly a depressive disorder or a substance use disorder.
- Four times as many men than women commit suicide. However, women attempt suicide more often than men.
- The highest suicide rates in the U.S. are found in Caucasian men over age 85. However, suicide is also one of the leading causes of death in adolescents and adults ages 15 to 24.
- Approximately 1% of Americans are affected by schizophrenia.
- In most cases, schizophrenia first appears in men during their late teens or early 20s. In women, schizophrenia often first appears during their 20s or early 30s.
- Approximately about 18% of people ages 18- 54 in a given year, have an anxiety disorder in a given year. Anxiety disorders include: panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and phobias (social phobia, agoraphobia, and specific phobia).
- Panic disorder typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood.
- The first symptoms of OCD often begin during childhood or adolescence.
- GAD can begin at any time, though the risk is highest between childhood and middle age.
- Individuals with OCD frequently can have problems with substance use or depressive or eating disorders.
- Social phobia typically begins in childhood or adolescence.


text:
Quick Search Tip
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text:
Implemented and monitored by Egypt's General Organization for Export and Import Control (GOEIC) the Conformity Assessment Scheme requires certification for a variety of imported goods. SGS is approved by GEOIC and the Egyptian Accreditation Council (EGAC) as a third party inspecting company for this service. We can assess the conformity of restricted products against Egyptian, or international, standards as applicable.
Late in 2011, the Egyptian Ministry of Trade and Industry (MFTI) issued two ministerial decrees which require an inspection certificate for each shipment of textile and leather products imported into Egypt. Subsequently, GOEIC issued a new decree, 961/2012, cancelling and replacing the two previous ministerial decrees (626/2011 and 660/2011). Its details are as follows:
Executive Ministerial Decree of 961/2012:
- Readymade garments/clothes
- Carpet and carpet floor covering
- Home textiles
- Footwear and sport shoes
- Leather bags
Wallets and belts may be assessed at the client's request.
How to Achieve Certification under This Program
Every consignment of restricted goods is to be physically inspected at origin by an approved third party inspection company before shipment and samples of the products must be analyzed in an ISO/IEC 17025 accredited laboratory to demonstrate compliance with the Egyptian Standards. A Certificate of Inspection will be issued per consignment.
The Full Process
An exporter, manufacturer, supplier or importer should approach their nearest affiliate office or SGS Egypt for guidance. Importers must provide full exporter details so that we can contact our affiliate office in the country of supply. They will then coordinate the supplier side.
We will request, from the exporter, all appropriate product and shipment information (test reports, technical sheet, proforma invoice, etc.). This enables us to properly identify the goods, determine whether the test reports relate to the goods to be shipped and also to verify that they meet Egyptian standards and requirements.
If documents do not conform to Egyptian standards and/or requirements, we will contact the exporter to arrange for advance sampling and testing. (A quotation for the services will be supplied for settlement prior to our visit.)
On completion, all test reports will be forwarded to the affiliate office and they will arrange the final pre-shipment inspection. We will evaluate the results of the inspection and testing and if they are compliant, issue a Certificate of Inspection upon receipt of the final invoice and transport document.
With decades of experience managing conformity assessment programs around the world we offer efficient and comprehensive solutions to speed your leather and textile products' route to market, ensure quality and safety and reduce potential losses.
Contact your local SGS office for further information.
Related Links
SGS House - Noorderlaan 87, (RPR Antwerpen BTW BE 0404.882.750),
, 2030,
Antwerp, Belgium