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Dr. Jerry Vines, former pastor of First Baptist Church in Jacksonville, Florida, preached last Sunday night in First Baptist Church of Woodstock, Georgia on "Calvinism: A Baptist and His Election." This is the second in a series of messages his is preaching there on Baptist Battles.
Keep your eye on on the Strange Baptist Fire blog because I understand that a series of careful evaluations of the sermon will be appearing there in the near future. I am not going to offer an extensive evaluation but rather simply give some passing thoughts on some selected quotes and points made by Dr. Vines.
I encourage everyone to listen to the message for several reasons.
- It is, I think, representative of what many Southern Baptists think Calvinism actually teaches.
- Dr. Vines speaks from a manuscript because he has done a great deal of research and wants to be very precise, so what he says cannot be easily dismissed as a slip of the tongue.
- The spirit of Dr. Vines comes across, for the most part, as very helpful in promoting honest discussion among brothers who disagree on the doctrines of grace.
- Some of the points he makes are very good and are worth seriously considering.
- The caricatures and misrepresentations that he employs are typical and are not likely to die very easily in our day despite the fact that most of them are very easily exposed as fallacious.
In what follows I will give Dr. Vine's points in italics. Where I am confident that I have quoted him accurately, I will use quotation marks around his words. Where I am not confident that I have his words stated with precision, I will leave the quote marks off. If at any point I have misquoted him or misrepresented his meaning, I am willing to be corrected and would appreciate anyone helping me to make such corrections.
I do not know Dr. Vines. From what I know of him he is a wonderful man of God who has served faithfully as a pastor for many years. That is enough for a man to be shown great respect in my book. When I point out his mistakes and correct his errors, I do so not as a critic of the man, but of his message. As he indicated at one point in his message, there is no need to get personal in vigorously discussing these biblical issues. I want to appeal to all who add comments to this post to keep them on a high level and engage only the message, not the messenger.
Speaking of Baptist Confessions: "…the London confessions, Philadelphia confession, New Hampshire Confession…these confessions bear a close resemblance to some of the five points although there is no clear cut evidence that Baptists in their confesssions of faith ever truly subscribed to everything that the five points of Calvinism would teach" (emphasis added).
This is seriously and demonstrably false. Simply read the Second London Baptist Confession of Faith (1689). Or, if you just want the highlights, read only these chapters from that confession:
Ch. 3-God's Decree
Ch. 5-Divine Providence
Ch. 6-The Fall of Man, Sin and the Punishment Thereof
Ch. 8-Christ the Mediator
Ch. 9-Free Will
Ch. 10-Effectual Calling
Ch. 17-The Perseverance of the Saints
It is hard to understand how anyone who is doing a studied presentation on Baptists and Calvinism can make this kind of mistake. Were Dr. Vines not reading from a manuscript, this is one statement that I would have lovingly chalked up to a slip of tongue.
On Southern Baptist life: Southern Baptists through the years have had a series of confessions that have been known as the Baptist Faith and Message. There are elements of Calvinistic doctrine there (BFM 2000) of course, because there are elements of New Testament truth in Calvinistic doctrine.
But it is very very difficult to prove that there has ever been a time in history or today when the majority of Southern Baptists were what we would call five point Calvinists. Dr. Paige Patterson, President of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, says that there have been two tributaries from which the Southern Baptist river flows: the First Baptist Church, Charleston, South Carolina; the Charleston SC Association stream, and Sandy Creek, North Carolina stream. Charleston was more Calvinistic in its emphasis. Sandy Creek was more evangelistic.
The Sandy Creek tradition, as Dr. Patterson admitted in his dialogue on election with Dr. Mohler last summer at the Pastors' Conference before the Southern Baptist Convention, is more Calvinistic than is often claimed. This has been documented in various articles in the Founders Journal (read here and here) as well as in a little booklet I wrote years ago. Also, the upcoming issue of the journal will shed more light on this whole question with articles by Gene Bridges and Tom Nettles.
On the reasons for the resurgence of the doctrines of grace in Southern Baptist life: 1. reaction to weak theology; 2. reaction to dead churches; 3. many have attended conferences and listened to popular and articulate spokesmen for Calvnism; 4. others have been influenced by the schools they attended.
I think all of these are valid reasons but to them I would add these more important reasons:
1. The inerrancy controversy has driven many to reexamine the message of the Bible with a reverence and desire to understand its message, not assuming that we already know what that message is.
2. The controversy has also sparked a real interest in our Baptist heritage and especially in our Southern Baptist heritage, which, despite Dr. Vines' claim to the contrary, had a theological consensus of commitment to the doctrines of grace at its beginning in 1845 (see Tom Nettles' forthcoming 20th anniversary edition–revised and expanded–of By His Grace and For His Glory, from Founders Press).
3. A rising generation has a fresh passion for integrity and authenticity in life and ministry and they have longed for a more substantive faith than that which they inherited. Many are finding such substance in the Bible's teaching on God's sovereignty in salvation.
In the section of his message that he identified as "theological exposition," Dr. Vines speaks of the tension between divine sovereignty and human responsibility before addressing each of the so-called five points of Calvinism. He states that both are seemingly taught in Scripture.
On divine sovereignty: God is in control of all things. That is very clear in the Bible! But now, it is possible to push this matter of the sovereingty of God, that God is in control of all things to extremes. Philosphers call it determinism; hard determinism and soft determinism.
I could not help but think of this question while listening to Dr. Vines make this point: If all means all and that's all that all means, how can one push God's control of all things to extremes? The danger is not that we will take God's sovereignty too seriously. Rather, the danger is that we will hold it without holding with equal conviction the responsibility of man. To sacrifice any degree of God's sovereignty on the altar of protecting human freedom is to fail to understand what the Bible says about the reality, nature and extent of that freedom. God is absolutely sovereign. People are absolutely responsible.
On total depravity: Man is born with a sinful nature; every facet of our being stained by sin.
Calvinists go a step further than that and say that your will is dead and you are totally unable to respond. Ephesians 2:1, man is spiritually dead, therefore, Calvinists say, how can a dead man repent and have faith, so he has to be regenerated before he can have faith; in the calvinist system regeneration precedes faith.
"That brings up some interesting questions: if you're born again before faith, what does faith accomplish? Which means then that if you are born again before faith that means that, by grace are you saved through faith, that means then, if you're born again then you're born again before you're saved. Did I miss something there? I know I'm just from the country but, did that make sense to you?"
I think what Dr. Vines missed is the fact that regeneration is not equivalent to salvation, but rather, is a subset of salvation, a part of the whole. The better way to think of this is the relationship between the constituent elements of salvation: regeneration, justification, sanctification, conversion, glorification, election, etc. The real question is what causes what? Does faith cause regeneration or does regeneration cause faith? John 3:3, 5, where entering and seeing are used metaphorically for faith answer the question. Unless one is born of God's Spirit, he can neither see nor enter the kingdom.
The calvinistic view pushes the biblical analogy too far. Dead men can't believe. But it is equally true that dead men can't sin.
It is not pushing the analogy too far to assert what the Bible teaches, namely, that spiritually dead people cannot please God, nor obey God, nor come to God (Romans 8:7,8; John 6:44). Simply let the Bible speak and remember that "can" (Greek: dunatai) is a word of ability. Read those verses above by simply substituting "is able" for can and hear what the Bible says about the spiritual ability of lost people.
"It also raises questions about the character of God. Because, listen, in Acts 17 verse 30 it says that God commands all men, all men everywhere to repent. But now wait a minute. If they can't repent until they're born again and yet God is commanding them to do something which they are not able to do, what does that say about the character of God?"
Dr. Vines leaves the implication unstated that it would be unjust of God to require what a person is not able to do. Yet, Jesus clearly commands us to do what we are presently unable to do when He says, "Be perfect as your Father in heaven is perfect" (Matthew 5:48). Interestingly, and no doubt unwittingly, Vines' objection is based on the the philosophical foundation that drives both Arminianism and Hyper-Calvinism. Both of these errors claim, just as Dr. Vines indicates, that a man's responsibility extends only as far as his ability does. The Arminian sees this and says, "Yes, and we know that sinners are held responsible to repent and believe, therefore they must have the ability to do so." The hyper-Calvinist sees this and says, "Yes, and we know that sinners do not have the ability to repent and believe, therefore they are not responsible to do so."
It is the Calvinist who refuses to accept the rationalistic presupposition. Rather, Calvinism recognizes that the Bible teaches that sinners are both morally unable and yet spiritually responsible to repent and believe.
"Now man has total inability to do anything to save himself but he does have the God-given ability to receive salvation by faith."
Dr. Vines did not explain if that ability is given in nature or through some kind of universal grace. I wish he had.
On unconditional election: Is election unconditional? From the standpoint of God the giver, yes; but from the standpoint of the receiver it is conditioned by faith. 2 Thessalonians 2:13 says you believe the truth of the gospel and you are one of the elect.
If Vines means by this that one's faith determines one's election then he is clearly in the Arminian camp at this point.
On limited atonement: After citing many verses that use universal language in relation to the atonement (including 1 John 2:2) Vines addresses this question, If Jesus died for the sins of the whole world and the whole world is not saved, then did his death fail? He answers by giving an analogy. If a man offers to pay for the meals of 20 people and only 15 take him up on the offer, then his provision has not failed, it simply has not been accepted.
So the meal is analogous to full atonement, forgiveness of sins and eternal life–that which Jesus accomplished or paid for by His death. If Jesus fully atoned for the sins of 20 people and only 15 of them accept it, then on what basis are those other 5 condemned and kept out of heaven? Isn't refusing to accept Christ and His salvation a sin? And yet, in Vines' analogy, didn't Jesus pay for that sin along with all the rest? The problem with this understanding is that it inevitably undermines the nature of the atonement–something which the history of theology substantiates. Did Christ propitiate the Father for every person who has ever lived, is now living or ever will live? If the answer is yes, then universalism is the necessary consequence.
I find it very interesting that Dr. Vines goes on to employ the language of Dort by affirming that Jesus' death is sufficient for all but efficient only for those who believe. This struck me as very confusing and completely unnecessary in light of his previous statements.
He also deals with irresistible grace and perseverance of the saints, taking exception to the former completely and to what he perceives to be Calvinistic extreme expressions of the latter. I will simply pass over his comments on these points.
In his conclusion Dr. Vines employs a very interesting analogy to explain how God's sovereignty and foreknowledge operate so as to leave man's freedom intact. He says,
"It's like a chess match between a master chessman and a beginner. The beginner is free to make any move he wants to, but the master chessman is going to win every time."
Though my guess is that he has no idea of the origin of this analogy, I find it very disconcerting that a man of his lifelong devotion to the authority of the Word of God would employ the precise argument popularized by the open theist, Greg Boyd. Here is what Boyd writes,
"We might imagine God as something like an infinitely intelligent chess player….Now consider that God's perfect knowledge would allow him to anticipate every possible move and every possible combination of moves, together with every possible response he might make to each of them, for every possible agent throughout history. And he would be able to do this from eternity past.
Isn't a God who is able to know perfectly these possibilities wiser than a God who simply foreknows or predestines one story line that the future will follow?" (God of the Possible, p. 127).
When the "resident theologian" at one of the SBC's most conservative churches starts favorably employing the arguments of an open theist against predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God, we have serious problems.
Here are a few more of his final comments as he concluded his message:
On systematic theology–"That is a man's attempt to systematize that which cannot be systematized. We ought to try to do it but we ought to recognize the fact that man's theology is a system which he himself has devised."
In churches where Calvinist doctrine is taught, there is a tendency to neglect witnessing and evangelism and not win souls.
The fact that Spurgeon, Carey, James Kennedy were/are zealous evangelists while being Calvinists [simply serve to show that] the exception proves the rule. "If a Calvinist is a soul winner it is in spite of Calvinism, not because of it."
Some Calvinists are doing away with a public invitation. "Something had to happen on the day of Pentecost… You can't tell me that three thousand people just stumbled along and fall into the water and got baptized. Somewhere along the way there was an invitation."
"What's the use of preaching fervently, weeping earnestly over souls if God knows they won't repent?"… "Why give the free offer of the Gospel? The nonelect can't receive it. The elect are already sovereingly regenerated without it."
"Calvinism eats the life out of our churches."
There seems to be a tendency when people get into these areas (of doctrine) to have an intellectual pride.
This last comment is worth heeding as an important warning. The doctrines of grace are indeed intellectually satisfying. There is a danger that that is all they are to some. To hold to the doctrines of grace without exhibiting the grace of the doctrines is spiritually deadly. God deliver us from intellectual and spiritual pride.
One final observation: Dr. Vines' message screams for a response from denominational leaders who never hesitate to issue warnings to Southern Baptist Calvinists whom they label "Calvinazis" and charge with being more willing to fly across the country to debate Calvinism than to cross the street to witness to a lost person. Wouldn't it make sense that those who issue such warnings should feel some compulsion to issue them in both directions? Will this kind of complete misrepresentation of the theological heritage of the Southern Baptist Convention and the theological convictions of thousands of Southern Baptist pastors be given a pass by denominational leadership? If recent history is any indicator, that is exactly what we can expect.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Volvo Penta is a world-leading supplier of engines and complete power systems for marine applications.
This success is based on a wide range of technological innovations that has been introduced over the years, together with the ability to transform them into practical applications. On many occasions, the energy, curiosity and ability of our employees have helped us to extend the horizons of technical feasibility.
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December 2007 Django sprint
We'll be holding a Django sprint on Saturday, Dec. 1st, 2007; this page has all the details.
What is a sprint?
Basically, a Django sprint is an excuse for people to focus their undivided attention, for a set time frame, on improving Django. It's a focused, scheduled effort to fix bugs, add new features and improve documentation.
Anybody, anywhere around the world, can participate and contribute. (See the "How to contribute" section below for details.) Most contributors will be at their own homes/schools/workplaces, but a number of people will gather together in person for camaraderie, improved communication and the other benefits of face-to-face interaction.
If you've never contributed to Django before, this is the perfect chance for you to chip in.
How to contribute
It's easy: Pick something to work on and do it. All sorts of tasks are available, from hard-core hacking to improving documentation to fixing small bugs.
Of course, with more than 100 people around the world signed up to help, good communication is essential. We're currently planning the best way to manage contributions.
Have a look at the SprintIdeas page if you would like some ideas about what to work on.
Preparing for the sprint
Here are a few easy things you can do ahead of time to make sure your time is spent effectively:
- Read our "Contributing to Django" document.
- Install the "trunk" version of Django (aka the Django development version).
- Create an account in our ticket system. This will allow you to claim tickets you're working on.
- Familiarize yourself with our ticket system and reports.
- Get an IRC client, so that you can join us in the channel #django-sprint on Freenode.
In person (Lawrence, KS)
If you'd like to attend in person, please email Jacob (jacob -at- jacobian -dot- org) and let him know you're coming.
Update 11/28: all the hotels in close proximity are full, and couches have been spoken for. If you're trying to come at the last minute, please email Jacob before making any plans to make sure we can accommodate you.
- Jacob Kaplan-Moss
- Christian Metts
- Joseph Kocherhans
- Malcolm Tredinnick
- Jeremy Dunck
- Brett Hoerner
- Justin Bronn
- Travis Pinney
- James Bennett
- Matt Croydon
- David Krauth
- Erik Karulf
- Ben Slavin
- Marty Alchin
- George Vilches
- Trey Long
- Travis Terry
- Jeff Triplett
- Nathan Borror
In person (Amsterdam, the Netherlands; GMT+1)
Because it's way more fun to share some time developing together. I would like to invite people living in/around the Netherlands to my office in Amsterdam. The building is called Beurs van Berlage which is situated directly next to Amsterdam's Central Station, parking space is also next door. Please drop me an email: remco -at- diji -dot- biz.
- Remco Wendt
- Rudolph Froger
- Jeroen Vloothuis
- Paul Jongsma
In person (Prague, Czech Republic; GMT+1)
Same as last sprint: anybody in Prague, come and join us at NetCentrum's offices.
- Ales Zoulek
- Honza Kral
- Jakub Vysoky
- Jan Killian
- Ondrej Kohout
- Tomas Horacek
In person (Dresden, Germany; GMT+1)
We're holding the Django sprint in the Tschitschereengreen Office from Friday 24.00 to Saturday 24.00.
Please feel invited to join us. More info in our blog.
- Sebastian Friedel
- Christopher Dickes
- Jannis Leidel
- Tobias von Klipstein
- Daniel Poelzleithner
- Wolfram Kriesing
In person (Beijing, China; GMT+8)
We're holding the Django sprint in the Exoweb office from Saturday 11:30 until Saturday 24:00. Feel free to join if you're in Beijing. See Django sprint post for more information. Please also post a comment to that blog post if you want to come so we can keep you updated about changes.
- Bartuer
- Bjørn Stabell
- Border
- Ionuţ Bizău
- Jian Ting (Aries)
- Mark Donald
- Rachel
- Tim Goh
- Wang Chun
- Wang Lei
- Peter Cai
- Darren Cui
- Chew Chee Ming
- Bob Gao
In person (Boulder, Colorado; GMT-7)
We're planning to meet at the bivio office (as usual), 28th and Iris, above the Hair Elite Salon, unless someone volunteers nicer space :). 9 AM - 5 PM as usual. Just put your name here. Email jbaker -at- zyasoft -dot- com if any questions.
- Brian Rosner
- Ian Kelly
- Jay Graves
- Jim Baker, probably on Jython
- Matt Boersma
- Neal McBurnett
In person (Northampton, MA, USA; GMT-5)
We're planning on a mid-day stint at Bruegger's Bagels on Main Street, starting at around 11am. Email Paul (pb @ e-scribe.com) with any questions.
- Paul Bissex
- David Schein
In person (Sydney, Australia; GMT+11)
We'll be sprinting at the offices of Ether in Glebe on Sunday (which partly overlaps with Saturday in the US!). Drop a line to thomas -at- ether -dot- com -dot- au if you'd like to join us.
- Thomas Ashelford
- Greg Turner
- Julien Phalip
Add your name below, in alphabetical order by first name.
- Adam Vandenberg (Chapel Hill, NC; GMT-5)
- Adrian Holovaty (Chicago, IL; GMT-6)
- Alex Gaynor (Chicago, IL; GMT-6)
- Alexander Solovyov (Kiev, Ukraine; GMT+2)
- Allagappan M (Bangalore, India; GMT +530)
- Andrew Shearer (Providence, RI; GMT-5)
- Andrews Medina (Rondonópolis, Brasil; GMT-4)
- Antoni Aloy (Binissalem, Spain; GMT+1)
- Antti Kaihola (Espoo, Finland; GMT+2)
- Ariane Paola Gomes (Sao Paulo, Brazil; GMT-3)
- Armin Ronacher (Hermagor, Austria; GMT+1)
- Arthur Koziel (Fröndenberg, Germany, GMT+1)
- Caleb Harrelson (Des Moines, IA; GMT-6)
- Carlos José Barroso (San Luis, AR, GMT -3)
- Chris Beaven (Wellington, New Zealand; GMT+13)
- Christiano Anderson (Sao Paulo, Brazil; GMT-3)
- David Cramer (San Francisco, CA; GMT-8)
- David Larlet (Paris, France; GMT+1)
- David Reynolds (Norwich, UK; GMT)
- David Tulig (Austin, TX; GMT-6)
- Daniel Poelzleithner (Leipzig, DE, GMT+1)
- Dimitris Glezos (Athens or Patras, Greece; GMT+2)
- Eric Florenzano (Eden Prairie, MN; GMT-6)
- Filip Munz (Bologna, Italy; GMT+1)
- Florian Apolloner (Klagenfurt, AT; GMT+1)
- Georgy Berdyshev (Sao Paulo, Brazil; GMT-3)
- Guilherme Mesquita Gondim (Formiga, Brasil; GMT-3)
- Hugh Bien (San Diego, CA; GMT-8)
- Jannis Leidel (Weimar, Germany, GMT+1)
- Jason Davies (London, UK; GMT)
- Jason Vandecreek (Wichita, KS; GMT -6)
- Johan De Taeye (Brussels, Belgium; GMT+1)
- Jon Lønne (Oslo, Norway; GMT + 1)
- Jonathan Ballet (Grenoble, France; GMT+1)
- Jonathan Buchanan (Banbridge, UK; GMT)
- Kamil Dworakowski (London, UK; GMT)
- Karen Tracey (Apex, NC; GMT-5)
- Keith Bussell (Los Angeles, CA; GMT-8)
- Kent Primrose (Waukesha, WI; GMT-6)
- Konrad Delong (London, UK; GMT)
- Leo Soto (Santiago, Chile; GMT-3)
- Liam Clarke-Hutchinson (Christchurch, New Zealand, GMT+13)
- Manuel Saelices (Sevilla, España; GMT+1)
- Marc Garcia (Barcelona, Catalonia; GMT+1)
- Marinho Brandão (Goiânia, Brasil; GMT-3)
- Mateusz Lapsa-Malawski (Cracow, Poland; GMT+1)
- Matt McClanahan (Portland, OR; GMT-8)
- Michael Radziej (Nürnberg, Germany; GMT+1)
- Michael Trier (Louisville, KY; GMT-5)
- Nara Narasimhan (Fremont, CA; GMT-8)
- Nick Efford (Leeds, UK; GMT)
- Nicola Larosa (Rome, Italy; GMT+1)
- Niels Sandholt Busch (Copenhagen, Denmark; GMT+1)
- Orestis Markou (Athens, Greece; GMT+2)
- Parker McGee (Atlanta, GA; GMT-5)
- Paul Smith (Chicago, IL; GMT-6)
- Rajesh Dhawan (Piermont, NY; GMT-5)
- Ramiro Morales,
(Córdoba, Argentina; GMT-3) - Raphaël Braud (Montbazon, France; GMT+1)
- Renzo Carbonara (Entre Rios, Argentina; GMT-3)
- Reza Mohammadi (Tehran, Iran; GMT+3:30)
- Rob Harvey (Santa Cruz, CA, USA: Sunday only)
- Ryan Kaskel (Miami, Florida; GMT-5:00)
- Sean Mc Allister (Vienna, Austria; GMT+1)
- Simeon Franklin (Modesto, CA; GMT-8)
- Simon Litchfield (Gold Coast, Australia; GMT+10)
- Simon Oberhammer (Vienna, Austria; GMT+1)
- Simon Greenhill (Auckland, New Zealand; GMT+12)
- Thomas Kerpe (Karlsruhe, Germany; GMT+1)
- Tom Christensen (Salt Lake City, UT, USA; GMT-7)
- Tony Becker (St. Louis, MO, USA; GMT-6)
- Tyler Tarabula (New York, NY; GMT-5)
- Ville Säävuori (Turku, Finland; GMT+2)
- Vsevolod Solovyov (Kiev, Ukraine; GMT+2)
- Gary Wilson (Austin, TX; GMT-6)
- Yuri Baburov (Novosibirsk, Russia; GMT+6)
- Yves Serrano (Zurich, Switzerland; GMT+1)


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The special prosecutor investigating the Feb. 26 shooting death of Florida teen Trayvon Martin announced this morning she will not be taking the case to a grand jury this week.
Her investigation continues and the decision regarding use of a grand jury — which she had previously indicated she might not employ — shouldn't be viewed as an indication of whether charges will or will not eventually be brought, State Attorney Angela Corey said in a statement released by her office, according to The Orlando Sentinel.
Martin, 17, was killed by 28-year-old neighborhood watch volunteer George Zimmerman.
Zimmerman says he shot the teenager in self defense. Martin's family and supporters say evidence that Zimmerman followed the boy indicates Martin was a victim of racial profiling, and that local authorities should have arrested the shooter. The case has sparked a national conversation about race and racial profiling.
The Associated Press adds that:
"The announcement means the decision on charges now rests solely with Corey, who had a reputation for not presenting cases before grand juries if it wasn't required. Under Florida law, only first-degree murder cases require the use of grand juries."
Update at 1:55 p.m. ET. A Statement On Behalf Of Martin's Family:
"We are not surprised by this announcement and, in fact, are hopeful that a decision will be reached very soon to arrest George Zimmerman and give Trayvon Martin's family the simple justice they have been seeking all along," attorney Benjamin Crump says in a statement emailed to reporters. "The family has been patient throughout this process and asks that those who support them do the same during this very important investigation. "
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Scleroderma Foundation
300 Rosewood Drive
Suite 105
Danvers, MA 01923
This site has information about various aspects of scleroderma. Also available are updates on recent research, upcoming seminars, and conferences. You can locate local chapters of the foundation, as well as support groups for patients and families. An online store run by the foundation allows you to order books on a variety of topics pertaining to scleroderma, like how to live and cope with the condition and its symptoms.
Scleroderma Research Foundation
220 Montgomery Street
Suite 484
San Francisco, CA 94104
This website provides general information about scleroderma, its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. You can read about current research studies, learn about upcoming conferences and symposia concerning research on scleroderma, and access a newsletter detailing recent research findings about scleroderma. You can locate specialized scleroderma clinics, research centers, and specialists who treat patients with the condition.
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
Building 31
31 Center Drive
Bethesda, MD 20892-2350
This website offers detailed information about rheumatoid arthritis, as well as other types of arthritis and rheumatic diseases. You'll also find news releases, recent research findings, and information on research initiatives and on studies that are accepting patients as subjects.


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Consider these facts when you hear about Israel's alleged "right to exist"…
By Alison Weir, reposted from If Americans Knew (images added)
The common representation of Israel's birth is that the UN created Israel, that the world was in favor of this move, and that the US governmental establishment supported it. All these assumptions are demonstrably incorrect.
In reality, while the UN General Assembly recommended the creation of a Jewish state in part of Palestine, that recommendation was non-binding and never implemented by the Security Council.
Second, the General Assembly passed that recommendation only after Israel proponents threatened and bribed numerous countries in order to gain a required two-thirds of votes.
Third, the US administration supported the recommendation out of domestic electoral considerations, and took this position over the strenuous objections of the State Department, the CIA, and the Pentagon.
The passage of the General Assembly recommendation sparked increased violence in the region. Over the following months the armed wing of the pro-Israel movement, which had long been preparing for war, perpetrated a series of massacres and expulsions throughout Palestine, implementing a plan to clear the way for a majority-Jewish state.
It was this armed aggression, and the ethnic cleansing of at least three-quarters of a million indigenous Palestinians, that created the Jewish state on land that had been 95 percent non-Jewish prior to Zionist immigration and that even after years of immigration remained 70 percent non-Jewish. And despite the shallow patina of legality its partisans extracted from the General Assembly, Israel was born over the opposition of American experts and of governments around the world, who opposed it on both pragmatic and moral grounds.
Let us look at the specifics.


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January 11, 2013
Mediacom Communications to Launch BTN2Go in Multiple States
DES MOINES, IA and CHICAGO – Mediacom Communications and Big Ten Network (BTN) announced today that BTN2Go, a live 24/7 multi-platform extension of BTN, is now available to Mediacom subscribers in Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota and parts of other Midwestern states.
The announcement was made by Ed Pardini, Mediacom Senior Vice President for National Field Operations, and Mark Silverman, BTN President.
Silverman said, "We're very pleased to add Mediacom Communications to our list of affiliates offering BTN2Go. Mediacom subscribers will now have access to the ultimate destination for Big Ten sports, plus our extensive schedule of original and studio programming, wherever they go."
"BTN2Go delivers an innovative new experience that Mediacom is proud to offer to customers who are passionate Big Ten fans," Pardini said. "For no additional charge, we want our customers to access programming that is part of their video subscription, with the ability to watch any time on any mobile device or high-speed Internet connection – it's TV Everywhere."
BTN2Go features a live feed of all BTN television programming, including live game telecasts, as well as Extra Football Game Channels, which are part-time channels only available during football season when BTN airs multiple football games simultaneously. BTN2Go viewers will also have on-demand access to BTN's deep video archive, including current season games from the Big Ten Conference's television partners. In addition, original series such as The Journey, Big Ten Icons, Big Ten's Best and The Big Ten's Greatest Games, as well as game highlights, are available.
Full online access to BTN2Go is only available to subscribers of participating cable, satellite or telco providers. The online service is available at no additional cost to subscribers who receive BTN as part of their TV channel line-up.
Mediacom subscribers may access BTN2Go on four platforms: website, iPad, iPhone and Android devices. On the web, fans will go to www.BTN2Go.com, choose their provider, enter their Mediacom email address and password and then have full access to BTN2Go's services. On the iPad and iPhone, fans will launch the free BTN2Go app (available on the App Store) the App store), choose their provider and enter their login information to have full access to BTN2Go. The Android App is available at Google Play. BTN continues to explore alternative platforms for BTN2Go.
About BTN: A joint venture between the Big Ten Conference and Fox Networks, BTN is the first internationally distributed network dedicated to covering one of the premier collegiate conferences in the country. With more than 800 events, all in HD, the 24/7 network is the ultimate destination for Big Ten fans and alumni across the country, allowing them to see their favorite teams, regardless of where they live. Events include football, men's and women's basketball games; dozens of Big Ten Championship events; studio shows; and classic games. The network televises and streams more Olympic sporting events and women's sports than has ever been aired on any other network. Original programming highlights activities and accomplishments of some of the nation's finest universities. The groundbreaking Student U initiative provides real-world experience for students interested in careers in sports television. The network is available to more than 80 million homes across the United States and Canada, and currently has agreements with more than 300 affiliates. For additional information, go to www.BTN.com.
About Mediacom: Mediacom Communications is the nation's eighth largest cable television company and one of the leading cable operators focused on serving the smaller cities in the United States, with a significant concentration in the Midwestern and Southeastern regions. Mediacom Communications offers a wide array of broadband products and services, including traditional and advanced video services such as digital television, video-on-demand, digital video recorders, high-definition television, as well as high-speed Internet access and phone service. Through Mediacom Business, the Company offers affordable broadband communications solutions that can be tailored to any size business


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Comprehensive Interventions Inc
607 Washington StreetWilliamston, NC 27892
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Outpatient rehab is a type of substance abuse treatment program that provides therapy sessions that you can attend during certain times of the day, and several days of the week. Through this schedule, you can continue your regular daily activities and responsibilities at work, home, and school while also checking into the rehab facility for medication treatment and counseling.
There are different types of outpatient programs that offer different levels of treatment. In general, however, most outpatient programs will focus on education, some form of counseling, and a support network to help you overcome your substance use disorder.
If you are only mildly addicted but have a strong will to overcome your substance abuse and dependence, you might find that outpatient drug rehab is an adequate solution for you. Success in outpatient rehab typically requires you to have discipline and be committed in your approach to recovery.
Outpatient drug treatment is offered in a wide variety of formats, and your choice of a program will commonly depend on the substances you were using, the severity of your addiction, and your stage in recovery. The most common types of outpatient rehab include:
We can help you find the right treatment facility that best fits your overall needs and financial requirements.
Call 1-877-814-3418


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Evernote: We're Adding Two-Factor Authentication
After data breach and wide password reset, Evernote accelerates plans to offer additional security to users.
March 5, 2013
Anonymous: 10 Things We Have Learned In 2013
Anonymous: 10 Things We Have Learned In 2013 (click image for larger view and for slideshow)
Evernote, after suffering a data breach that caused the company to reset passwords for all of its 50 million users, announced that it plans to adopt two-factor authentication as quickly as possible.
"We were already planning to roll out optional two-factor authentication to all of our users later this year," said Evernote spokeswoman Ronda Scott via email. "We are accelerating those plans now."
Evernote warned all users Sunday via email that the company had suffered a security breach, after the company's operations and security team "discovered and blocked suspicious activity on the Evernote network that appears to have been a coordinated attempt to access secure areas of the Evernote Service."
Attackers appeared to have accessed a list of Evernote users' usernames, email addresses and passwords, which the company described as being "protected by one-way encryption," saying they were both salted and hashed. In what the company described as "an abundance of caution," Evernote officials opted to reset all users' passwords to prevent attackers from using the passwords -- many of which they would likely have decrypted, given enough time -- to access users' accounts.
[ Want to know about better alternatives to passwords? See Kill Passwords: Hassle-Free Substitute Wanted. ]
How quickly might attackers have decrypted the passwords? According to news reports, Evernote used the MD5 cryptographic algorithm to hash passwords before storage. But most security experts consider MD5 to be a poor choice for securing passwords, because it's relatively easy to crack, meaning that Evernote's password security wouldn't likely have stopped attackers for long.
What will two-factor authentication bring to the Evernote security equation? "It probably wouldn't have helped at all in terms of them getting hacked, but should they have another security breach in the future where passwords are exposed and encrypted for instance, it would stop attackers from getting access to those accounts," said Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant at Sophos, speaking by phone.
The Evernote breach has once again focused attention on the poor security offered by passwords, especially for services that store sensitive personal or corporate information.
By adopting two-factor authentication, Evernote would join a growing list of online service providers that have done the same thing, including Amazon Web Services, Dropbox, Facebook, Google and Gmail, LastPass, Microsoft SkyDrive and Xbox Live, PayPal, Yahoo Mail, and a number of financial services websites.
Those sites typically deliver two-factor authentication in one of three ways: as a hardware fob that generates a one-time code, as a smartphone app that creates a one-time code, or by sending a one-time code as a text to a user's mobile phone. Some businesses offer more than one option. Game-maker Blizzard, for example, sells a $6.50 hardware token, while also offering a free smartphone app. Notably, it already requires users -- when real money is involved in games -- to use one or the other.
One notable holdout from the list of online service providers that offer two-factor authentication is Twitter, which suffered a breach at the end of January which compromised up to 250,000 accounts. At the time, Bob Lord, Twitter's director of information security, said that "our investigation has thus far indicated that the attackers may have had access to limited user information -- usernames, email addresses, session tokens and encrypted/salted versions of passwords -- for approximately 250,000 users."
In the wake of that breach, while Twitter made no official announcement, it posted a job listing for an engineer with two-factor authentication development experience.
As Twitter's job listing suggests, Evernote's move to implement two-factor authentication won't be a case of the company simply flipping a switch to suddenly activate it for all users; it will require integration work as well as investment to ensure that it's both secure and easy to use. "It's obviously a little more effort, but a company like Evernote right now needs to secure its users' trust," said Cluley.
About the Author(s)
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Equine healer and trainer Victoria smith invites you on a journey of awakening and enlightenment. With over 22 years experience working with these wonderful creatures and an impeccable history to date Victoria has trained and rehabilitated some of the most damaged and difficult horses.
Using holistic and alternative therapies Victoria has healed many written off horses to go on and live a pain free happy life. She works closely with partnerships to fulfil the most trusting complete unity with horse and rider.


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Chicken Chaap |
I wish I could have said I was born into this recipe. But sorry to disappoint. Many of you have been born into it for sure as you have been with recipes of creme brulee and chocolate gateau. But nope. Not me. Darn, my Ma.
In fact for a large part of my childhood, the chaanp and biriyani, the Mughlai influence on Bengali cuisine eluded me. You see we were probashi bangalis, the clan of Bengalis that live and breathe oxygen outside the state of West Bengal or rather Calcutta. In the town steeped in history that we lived, chaap or chaaNp was not a much known affair. At least wasn't in the years when I was a 8-9 year old. When we ate out, it was largely Naan and chicken curry, dosa and sambhar, even chowmein and chilli chicken. But never a "Chicken ChaaNp".
In our annual pilgrimage to Calcutta, the heart of Bengal, during the winter vacation, the "chaaNp" and "biriyani" should have showed up frequently. But surprisingly it didn't with that much regularity. My maternal grandparents lived in North Calcutta, a more traditional neighborhood where sweet stores like "Kalika Mistanno Bhandar" selling karapak sandesh and mishti doi in earthen pots and small telebhaja stores selling beguni and chop, dotted the streets. Moghlai Parota and fish kabiraji were still to be found, but in those years, restaurants like Rahmania and Aminia had not stretched their franchise hand to the Northern paras with rezalas and nawabi biriyanis.
The Mughlai restaurants like Nizam, Shiraz, Sabir, Aminia and others were all concentrated around Park Circus and Park Street areas where clientele were much more varied and there was a larger Muslim and anglo-Indian population. You must remember I am talking about the fag end of 70s and early 80s here. So we rarely tasted a"Chicken chaaNp" or a "rezala", those being earmarked for the one day we would traipse down New Market. On all other days of the vacation I was happy to eat Dida's koraishutir kochuri, puffed and filled with sweet paste of sweet green winter peas and a soupy magur maacher jhol and rice.
So you see my childhood memories were not inundated by the rich and exquisite Mughlai cuisine that has seeped into Kolkata's restaurant culture
"The influence was reinforced in the Raj era, when Kolkata became the place of refuge for many prominent exiled Nawabs, especially the family of Tipu Sultan from Mysore and Wajid Ali Shah, the ousted Nawab of Awadh. The exiles brought with them hundreds of cooks and masalchis (spice mixers), and as their royal patronage and wealth diminished, they interspersed into the local population. These highly accomplished cooks came with the knowledge of a very wide range of spices (most notably jafran saffron and mace), the extensive use of ghee as a method of cooking, and special ways of marinating meats. In Bangladesh, this food has over time become the staple food of the populace.
In West Bengal, however, this has remained more than the other categories, the food of professional chefs; the best examples are still available at restaurants. " - Source Wiki
It was only in the early 90's when being in college and traveling more on my own and with friends in Calcutta, that I became familiar with the "chaaNp" or "chaap". This was also the time, rezala from Sabir's and Biriyani from Shiraz became food that I came to adore. I was smitten by the Mughlai cuisine that Bengal had adapted.
However I did not try to learn to cook it. It was always available and in the 90's pretty easily. Also I rarely cooked then.
The Chicken ChaaNp that I am going to write about today is a recipe that has built itself over days. The base came from a friend, on that I added bits of experience and flavors of my own Garam masala, the idea of charmagaz(melon seeds) and rose water came from Sayantani's post which I adapted and replaced with poppy seed-cashew paste, the lust for it came from Indrani's chicken chaap and Preeoccupied's Kosha Mutton ChaaNp.
Though Mutton Chaap is made with usually ribs, the chicken chaaNp I have had were always made with leg quarters in a thick but not clingy gravy with a fine layer of oil floating on top. The key to the recipe is marinating the meat in a onion-ginger-garlic-garam masala-kewra water paste and then cooking in ghee over slow heat on a pan with a flatter surface. I however have used only very little ghee. The slow cooking anyway releases a lot of oil at the end so I feel the amount I use is fine. You are welcome to use more ghee for a richer version.
The poppy seed-cashew paste gives a thicker texture to the gravy, the kind I remember and the kewra water gives it the Mughlai scent.
The dish actually is pretty easy to make. Do not get intimidated by the Steps under Prep. They are all very simple. So if you are all set for a Nawabi evening go ahead and indulge yourself. Serve this dish with some biriyani but I would say store-bought Naan does most justice to the dish and also cuts your effort in half.
Make Garam Masala powder according to my recipe. My Garam masala has cardamom, clove, cinnamon, little javetri(mace) and dry red chillies. It is really aromatic and will add more flavor to the dish. We will use about 1 tbsp of this Garam Masala
This is my favorite step.
Instead of chopping onions in fine thin slices ,I will just chop
2 medium sized onion in large chunks.
Chop, chop done
Now boil the onions till just soft but not mushy
Note: I use boiled onion for two reasons. Raw onion paste tends to get bitter at times. It also takes longer to cook raw onion paste. If you want, go ahead and use raw onion paste but remember to cook it for a longer time.
Make ginger-garlic paste with
8 fat clove of garlic
1 heaped tbsp of chopped ginger
splash of water
Almost 2-3 tbsp of ginger-garlic paste in all
In a blender jar add
the boiled onion
1/2 cup of thick hung yogurt/greek yogurt
and make a paste
In a bowl add
the onion + yogurt paste you just made
the ginger-garlic paste
1/2 tbsp Garam Masala
1 tsp Red Chilli Powder
2 tsp Turmeric powder
few drops of Kewra water
few drops of Rose water
and mix
We will use half of this as marinade and rest half in gravy. So store half of this paste in a separate container to be used later.
In a large-is tray put the washed pieces of chicken.
I had 4 leg pieces. Total weight 2.5lb(~1kg)
Make slit in the chicken pieces and rub with salt and about 1/2 tbsp of Garam Masala powder.
Next add half of the marinade to the chicken pieces and mix well. Leave it overnight for the flavor to seep into the chicken. If not overnight at least 3-4 hours is recommended,
Start Cooking
In a pan with a flat bottom heat
2 tbsp oil
+ 1 tsp ghee
Note: I try to cook most of my food low in oil and ghee and so my oil and ghee proportions are much less than what you might see in other recipes. I am perfectly ok with this as we are not too much into oily food. But if you want to make the dish richer do increase the ghee a little
Temper the oil with a 2" stick of cinnamon and a Tejpata
Now add a tsp of sugar to the oil and brown the oil by swirling the pan.
Next lower the heat and add in the onion-yogurt-ginger-garlic-spices paste you had prepared and stored. Fry this paste for about 5-6 minutes at low medium heat.
Shake off excess marinade from the chicken pieces and add them to the pan. Do not overcrowd them and the pieces should lie side by side. Cook/Fry the chicken pieces till their raw coloring is gone and they have taken on a light yellow coloring. Do not deep fry the chicken and they should not turn brown.
Now add a wet paste of
1 tbsp poppy seeds
+ 1 tbsp cashew
Note: Soak poppy seeds and cashew for 10 mins and then make the paste
Also add the remaining chicken marinade and some salt to taste. Gently mix and cook for 6-8 minutes.
Cover the pan now and at low-medium heat let the chicken cook. Usually the chicken will release water and will get cooked in its own juice. No need to add any extra water. However if it is getting too dry, add little water judiciously. It will take around 30-40 minutes for the chicken to get fully cooked.
Once the chicken is done and a thin layer of oil has surfaced, taste the gravy and adjust for seasonings. At this point if you wish, you can also dry off the gravy a little. Add few more drops of kewra water at this point if you wish.
Serve with Biriyani or Naan. I have seen the gravy and chicken tastes much better when had the next day. So give some time for the flavors to mingle before you serve.
More such recipes around blogs:
Sukanya's Mutton Chaap


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The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is to launch an exhibition called Rolling Stones: 50 Years of Satisfaction – which will celebrate the music of the Rolling Stones over a massive two-and-a-half floors.
The story of The Rolling Stones is so huge it takes 2½ floors of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum to tell.
The Cleveland-based museum will open Rolling Stones: 50 Years of Satisfaction, an exclusive exhibit celebrating the archetypal rock band, on May 24.
The exhibit will be open until March 2014 and will include personal and collected items that have never before been seen by the public along with film, text and interactive components and periodic lectures on the band's 50-year career. The entire exhibit will take up more than two floors of the museum.
Mick Jagger, Keith Richards and the Rolling Stones recently held a series of concerts to celebrate their 50th year together and there have been rumors of more activity.


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Baku-APA. Digging in for a fight, President Barack Obama riled Senate Republicans and some Democrats, too, on Monday by nominating former senator and combat veteran Chuck Hagel to lead the Pentagon and anti-terrorism chief John Brennan as the next director of the Central Intelligence Agency, APA reports quoting Associated Press.
Hagel and Brennan, in separate Senate confirmation hearings, will face sharp questions on a range of contentious issues, including U.S. policy about Israel and Iran, targeted drone attacks and harsh interrogation tactics. Of the two men, Hagel is expected to face a tougher path, though both are likely to be confirmed.
Hagel would be the first enlisted soldier and first Vietnam veteran to head the Pentagon.
"These two leaders have dedicated their lives to protecting our country," Obama said, standing alongside them and the men they would succeed during a ceremony in the White House East Room. "I urge the Senate to confirm them as soon as possible so we can keep our nation secure and the American people safe."
For Obama, a pair of combative confirmation hearings could turn into a distraction as he opens his second term. But the president signaled he was ready to take that risk.
Hagel, a former Republican senator from Nebraska, has been criticized as hostile toward Israel and soft on Iran. Opponents also have highlighted his 1998 comments about an ambassador nominee whom he called "openly, aggressively gay" — a comment for which he recently apologized.
Brennan, a 25-year CIA veteran, was under consideration to run the agency after Obama won the 2008 election but withdrew his name amid criticism from liberal activists who questioned his connection to the harsh interrogation techniques used by the CIA during the George W. Bush administration.
One of Hagel's toughest critics, Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., called his former colleague's foreign policy views "outside the mainstream" and said he would be "the most antagonistic secretary of defense toward the state of Israel in our nation's history."
Perhaps even more concerning for Hagel's prospects has been the tepid response from some Democrats. Sen. Chuck Schumer of New York said Hagel had earned the right to a full and fair confirmation hearing, but he reserved judgment on whether he would back him. And Maryland's Democratic Sen. Ben Cardin said he and other lawmakers "have questions that have to be answered" specifically on Hagel's views on Iran and Israel.
Obama called Hagel "the leader our troops deserve" and someone who could make "tough fiscal choices" in a time of increasing austerity. The Pentagon is facing the potential of deep budget cuts in the coming months.
The 66-year-old former senator has defended his record on Israel and Iran. In an interview Monday with the Lincoln (Neb.) Journal Star newspaper, Hagel accused his opponents of having "completely distorted" his views.
Hagel has criticized discussion of a military strike by either the U.S. or Israel against Iran. During his tenure in the Senate, he voted against unilateral economic sanctions on Tehran, though he supports the joint international penalties Obama also prefers. Hagel also irritated some Israel backers with his reference to the "Jewish lobby" in the United States.
The White House focused instead Monday on the military record of Hagel, who was awarded two Purple Hearts.
"Chuck knows that war is not an abstraction," Obama said. "He understands that sending young Americans to fight and bleed in the dirt and mud, that's something we only do when it's absolutely necessary."
The president, who prefers to keep a tight inner circle, has close ties to both Hagel and Brennan. Obama and Hagel served together in the Senate and made several trips overseas. Brennan has become one of the president's most trusted advisers, working with him during the planning of the raid that led to the death of Sept. 11 mastermind Osama bin Laden and holding broad authority over the administration's counterterrorism operations.
If confirmed, Hagel and Brennan will join Secretary of State nominee John Kerry as Obama's key national security advisers in his second term. Kerry, a longtime Democratic senator from Massachusetts, is expected to be easily confirmed by his Capitol colleagues.
At the top of Obama's national security agenda will be winding down the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan by the end of 2014. Key decisions on troop withdrawals are looming, and Hagel is expected to favor a more rapid drawdown than some generals have suggested. Brennan, having served as Obama's top counterterrorism aide for the past four years, would bring to the CIA a deep understanding of al-Qaida in the region.
For Brennan, Monday's nomination represents a second chance at the spy agency's top job after his withdrawal from consideration in 2008.
In a letter to Obama at that time, Brennan said he was "a strong opponent of many of the policies of the Bush administration, such as the pre-emptive war in Iraq and coercive interrogation tactics, to include waterboarding."
White House officials say they don't expect Brennan to face similar trouble this time around given his four years of service in the Obama administration.
"The issue has been removed from the debate because the president and John Brennan, as his top counterterrorism adviser, brought those techniques to an end," said Ben Rhodes, Obama's deputy national security adviser.
But some lawmakers and outside groups aren't as easily convinced. Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., issued a statement about Brennan saying he had "many questions and concerns about his nomination to be director of the Central Intelligence Agency, especially what role he played in the so-called enhanced interrogation programs while serving at the CIA during the last administration, as well as his public defense of those programs."
Brennan's nomination will also put a spotlight on the administration's controversial drone program. He was the first Obama administration official to publicly acknowledge the highly secretive targeted killing operations, defending the legality of the overseas program and crediting it with protecting American lives and preventing potential terror attacks.
The American Civil Liberties Union voiced its concerns over Brennan's nomination Monday, saying the Senate should not move forward until it is clear the nominee "will end its targeted killing program."
Brennan would replace Michael Morrel, the CIA's deputy director who has been acting director since David Petraeus resigned in November after admitting to an affair with his biographer. Hagel would replace retiring Pentagon chief Leon Panetta.


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Originally from: http://youtu.be/6-AW2yNIGcw
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Repeated warnings that antibiotics don't work for most sore throats and bronchitis have failed to stop overuse: Doctors prescribed these drugs for most adults seeking treatment at a rate that remained high over more than a decade, researchers found.
The results are in two analyses of national health surveys from the late 1990s to 2010, representing more than 2 million annual visits to doctors' offices or emergency rooms.
Antibiotics can have bad side effects, including stomach pain and severe diarrhea, and inappropriate prescriptions put patients at needless risk. The practice also can cause drug-resistant germs.
The findings show reducing inappropriate prescribing "is frustratingly, disappointingly slow," said Dr. Jeffrey Linder, a physician-researcher at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital. He did the research with Brigham colleague Dr. Michael Barnett.
Dr. Reid Blackwelder, president of the American Academy of Family Physicians, said part of the problem is old prescribing habits that didn't change when evidence emerged showing most sore throats and bronchitis are caused by viruses; antibiotics only treat infections caused by bacteria, not colds, flu and other illness from viruses. Illnesses antibiotics can treat include bacterial pneumonia, most urinary infections, some types of eye and ear infections, and some types of food poisoning.
Patients' demands and doctors' time pressures also play a role: It's often easier to prescribe an antibiotic than to take time to explain why they don't work for some illnesses, Blackwelder said.
"We've all done it," he said.
Dr. Ed Septimus, a professor at Texas A&M Health Science Center in Houston, said development of more rapid testing to identify germs that cause sore throats or bronchitis could help curb the practice.
The research was being presented Thursday at an infectious diseases meeting in San Francisco.
One analysis found that antibiotics were prescribed at 60 percent of primary-care and emergency room visits for sore throats in 2010, a rate that didn't budge over 10 years but was down from about 70 percent in the 1990s. That study was also published online Thursday in JAMA Internal Medicine.
In an editorial, Dr. Rita Redberg, the journal's editor, noted that only about 10 percent of sore throats are caused by strep bacteria — which antibiotics can treat.
The second analysis found antibiotics were prescribed at 73 percent of all visits for bronchitis in 2010, a rate that didn't change from 1996. Only rare cases of bronchitis are caused by bacteria.
Bronchitis "just needs to take its time to run its course, which can be frustratingly long," sometimes three weeks or more, Linder said.
Some over-the-counter cough medicines can help bronchitis; gargling with salt water can help sore throats, and rest and fluids can help both, he said.


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Cast bronze rivet-belt mount "Pyramid"
Shipping costs will be added to the order price after adding it to the cart and specifying of your location. Delivery price depends on the region and ordered item.
Beautiful cast rivets made of bronze.
Square pyramid head shape.
The price is for one rivet.
- head diameter - 14.0 mm
- leg diameter - 4.0 mm
- leg length - 8.0 mm 10.0 mm
Attention, the installation requires a certain qualification, since it is made of hard bronze.
We recommend heating the leg during installing, to make the metal soft.
If you don't like the received product for any reason, you may send it back to us within 14 days. If the received item has defects or does not fit your parameters, we will make a new item and send it to you at our costs. If postal service lost your parcel, we make a search of it. If parcel could not be found, we make new item at our expenses.
We ship orders via National Postal Service, who carries order to your local post office. Upon shipping, we provide you with tracking number of parcel. If you need express delivery (DHL, TNT, etc.), please contact us.
Every product is handcrafted and requires time for manufacture. Approximate time:
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