text:
Creamy southern pralines are a simple candy confection, made from boiled sugar and nuts, and are a holiday tradition. |
Southern Pralines
The Cajun came home the other day with a handful of pralines that his Mama has sent him home with when he stopped by for a visit with her on his way to a meeting. Now I don't honestly know how many he started off with between his Mama's and his meeting, but trouble is, see, me. Me, the sugar junkie, got into 'em that evenin' by mindlessly munching on them while I was busy putting a recipe into the blog. Well, before I knew it, those few that did make their way to the house, well... they were gone! Yikes!Well, I felt so bad that I decided I'd better make some more. For him of course. To make up for the ones from his Mama that I ate. Yeah, that's my story and I'm stickin' to it!
Okay. It coulda had somethin' to do with havin' a desire for a few more myself. I admit it. They truly can be a bit addictive. See, for me, I don't necessarily crave sugar, but... once I start, I do have a bit of a problem with stopping. But, I'll leave that up to you to test for yourself!
Now just in case you don't know, Southern Pralines are a simple candy confection, made from boiled sugar and nuts. Generally down south, where pralines are found everywhere - and especially most often around the Christmas holidays - from gas stations, to grocery stores, to the corner jyp joint, to the bakery, that nut is gonna be pecans. And, just like pecans - where depending on where you're from that might be pee-can or puh-con, pralines might be pronounced one of two ways. Down my way, we've always pronounced it praw-leen, though some folks are known to pronounce it pray-leen. Either way, no matter how ya say it, they shore are delicious!! Oh and by the way, try the coconut pecan variation sometime too - divine!
So that brings me to that very important question. Is it PEE-CAN or PUH-CON? Paula Deen calls them pee-cans and I have even seen her correct a guest or three on her show a time or two who said it "wrong" in her opinion. Well... I can't say that there's a right or wrong way, but I can say that when I was a young gal, the first time I ever said pee-can in front of my Mama, well she very promptly corrected me and said it was rightly pronounced puh-con, because a pee-can was what you kept under your bed at night to prevent ya from having to make a night run to the cold outhouse. I never made that mistake again. Not that I ever even have used an outhouse, thank ya Lord.
In all fairness, I'll have to first say that I am the first to admit that I am no candy maker, so mine never really turn out perfect looking, but that's okay because they sure taste perfect, so if you're not a perfect candy maker, don't worry. You can do this too. Anyway... as most candies do, we start off with a mixture of sugar. A slight warning. Might as well follow that "rule" that if it's raining or looking like rain, don't make candy because it may or may not set. Don't know 'twether or not that old wives tale is true I've never but let's just not mess with it, okay?
Put 2 cups of sugar, 1/2 cup milk, 1/2 cup of light corn syrup, 2 tablespoons of butter, and 1/4 teaspoon baking soda in a heavy bottomed large saucepan. Stir together and put that over medium heat.
In the meantime, go ahead and clear off a spot on your countertop and lay out some sheets of waxed paper or parchment paper. Sorry about the bottle, but I needed it to help the camera to focus on something that wasn't white. We'll need that here in a bit anyway.
Gently stir the ingredients over medium heat and using a wooden spoon, cook until the sugar has all dissolved.
See that crystalization building up on the side of the pot? Ignore it. Dont scrape it down into the pot, or you'll risk crystalizing your pralines, which will produce a grainy praline as opposed to a creamy praline.
The mixture is just beginning to get heated well and the sugar is dissolving.
Continue cooking. You'll see the mixture bubble up nearly to the top of the pot - just keep a watchful eye and a gentle occasional stir on it, adjusting the heat down slightly if needed, but keeping it at a bubbling boil. As you see, the sugar mixture is just beginning to darken.
Keep cooking and occasionally giving the mixture a gentle stir. The mixture is darkening substantially.
Boil until you reach a temperature of 232 degrees. Remove from the heat, add the vanilla extract, and begin beating the mixture until it's nice and smooth.
Stir in the pecans. I generally like to use pecan halves that are sightly broken up.
Stir the pecans in quickly as mixture will begin to thicken up fairly fast.
Drop by spoonfuls into piles on those sheets of waxed paper you laid out earlier. Now ain't ya glad you did that? I usually use two spoons, one to scoop and the other to push off the scoop spoon. The number of pralines you end up with will depend on how large you make your plops. Since I'm not the most expert candy maker by any means, my plops are usually fairly hefty, so I end up with about a dozen and a half.
Continue until you have used up all of the sugar mixture to create these lovely little pools of candy. They start off a bit dark, but as they set up, you'll see them begin to lighten up. See how this piece is already beginning to lighten?
Now ... how 'bout you go make some too!!
Recipe: Southern Pralines
©From the Kitchen of Deep South Dish
Prep time: 5 min |Cook time: 25+ min | Yield: About 1-1/2 to 3 dozen
- 2 cups of granulated sugar
- 1/2 cup milk
- 1/2 cup light corn syrup
- 2 tablespoons butter
- 1/4 teaspoon baking soda
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 2 cups pecans
Combine first 5 ingredients in a heavy saucepan; mix well. Cook over medium-high heat, stirring until sugar dissolves; cook until mixture reaches soft ball stage (232 degrees). Remove from heat; add vanilla and beat until creamy. Stir in pecans. Drop from a spoon onto waxed paper; let stand until firm.
Makes about 1-1/2 to 3 dozen, depending on how large you make 'em!
Coconut Pecan Pralines: Prepare as above, increasing butter to a full stick (1/2 cup) and combining 2 cups of sweetened, shredded coconut with the pecans, and adding the mixture in with the vanilla. Remove from heat and set aside to cool slightly and thicken, then drop on wax paper.
Source: http://deepsouthdish.com
Requires Adobe Reader - download it free! ©Deep South Dish
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text:
Who didn't see this coming?
The Supreme Court has added a case challenging the constitutionality of the provision of last year's health overhaul requiring nearly every American to have health insurance beginning in the year 2014 to the list of cases it will hear this term.
And also, as expected, the case it will hear is the one filed by the National Federation of Independent Business and the attorneys general of 26 states.
The legal showdown will decide once and for all if the administration's sweeping law to extend insurance coverage to millions of Americans will stand.
Befitting the seriousness of the stakes, the court has scheduled a total of 5 1/2 hours of oral arguments on the matter — far more than the usual hour or two granted even for major cases.
The case could be argued in March, with a decision most likely coming at the very end of the court's term in June, according to NPR's Nina Totenberg.
The justices are seeking to examine three major questions.
First, whether Congress had the power to enact the so-called "minimum coverage" provision of the act, also known as the individual mandate. On that question, lower appeals courts have split.
Second, if Congress lacked that power under the Constitution, whether the mandate provision can be considered separately from the rest of the law. If not, and the mandate doesn't pass constitutional muster, the entire law would be declared unconstitutional.
The trial judge in the Florida case, Judge Roger Vinson, ruled that the mandate and the rest of the law are inextricably linked. But every other federal judge at every level who has ruled that Congress overstepped its authority has ruled that most of the rest of the law can remain intact even if that one provision must fall.
Finally, the justices want to examine whether all of the cases brought against the law so far are premature because of a law called the Anti-Injunction Act.
That's a federal law that prevents suits against a government-imposed tax until after the tax has been collected. While the federal government has argued that the penalty for failing to have health insurance isn't a tax, some judges, including a majority on the Fourth Circuit court of appeals in Richmond, Va., have ruled that otherwise, thus making the Anti-Injunction Act applicable.
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
Simply Genius .NET
Software that makes you smile
Concurrency Hazards: False Sharing
Publicly recommend on Google
Note: The demo requires .NET 4.0 Beta 2.
Graph 1: Speedup
Table of Contents
There are many reasons why a program doesn't scale well across multiple cores. Synchronization is often to blame, or it could be a saturated memory bus. In this article, I will concentrate on another concurrency hazard: false sharing.
In the graph above, the green line shows good scaling for up to 8 cores. There is close to linear speedup, which is as good as it gets for most applications. However, the other three lines show an actual slowdown as more threads are used. This means that as you add more hardware, the wall-clock time to complete the processing actually gets longer.
There is very little difference in the data structures used for each of the four tests, but their performances are dramatically different. In fact, comparing the best and worse times ( the red and green lines for 8 threads ) shows a difference of about 100 times the speed. That is, instead of achieving a speedup of 7.76 x, the slowest case, in fact, shows a slowdown of 12.6 x. In seconds, that is the difference between 8.5 ms and 830 ms.
This article explores the cause of this anomaly and how it can be detected and avoided.
I will also explain why one intrinsic data structure in .NET ( Array
is particularly susceptible.
False sharing is also known as cache-line ping-ponging. It is caused by one or more cores repeatedly invalidating the caches of the other cores, even while accessing isolated state. This forces the other cores to read data from main memory instead of their local cache, which slows them down considerably: in the demo, by up to two orders of magnitude.
Cache lines
The data in a cache is grouped into blocks called cache-lines, which are typically 64 or 128 bytes wide. These are the smallest units of memory that can be read from, or written to, main memory. This works well in most programs as data that is close in memory is often needed close in time by a particular thread. However, this is the root of the false sharing problem.
Cache coherence
When a program writes a value to memory, it goes firstly to the cache of the core that ran the code. If any other caches hold a copy of that cache line, their copy is marked as invalid and cannot be used. The new value is written to main memory, and the other caches must re-read it from there if they need it. Although this synchronization is implemented in hardware, it still takes time. And, of course, reading from main memory takes a few hundred clock cycles by itself.
Modern processors use the MESI protocol to implement cache coherence. This basically means each cache line can be in one of four states:
- M odified
- E xclusive
- S hared
- I nvalid
When a core modifies any data in a cache line, it transitions to "Modified", and any other caches that hold a copy of the same cache line are forced to "Invalid". The other cores must then read the data from main memory next time they need it. That's all I need to say about this here. A detailed explanation is available on Wikipedia[^], if you're interested.
False sharing
Imagine two different variables are being used by two different threads on two different cores. This appears to be embarrassingly parallel, as the different threads are using isolated data. However, if the two variables are located in the same cache line and at least one is being written, then there will be contention for that cache line. This is false sharing.
It is called false sharing because even though the different threads are not sharing data, they are, unintentionally, sharing a cache line.
Demo application
The demo basically increments counters in an
and measures the time taken in different configurations.
For each of the four layouts of the array ( padding and spacing ), it measures the
time taken, using from one to Environment.ProcessorCount
threads. It
then calculates the speedup ( sequential time / concurrent time ) and the efficiency
( speedup / thread count ).
Note: the demo should be built without optimizations, so we know exactly what code is being run.
Basic implementation
Here is a simple version of the test method:
partial class Worker { const int ITERS = ( int ) 1e7; public TimeSpan Work( int threadCount ) { // declare the counters int[] data = new int[ threadCount ]; // each thread does an equal amount of the work int iters = ITERS / threadCount; // synchronization var mre = new ManualResetEvent( false ); var countdown = new CountdownEvent( threadCount ); // spawn threads for ( int thread = 0 ; thread < threadCount ; thread++ ) { int iThread = thread; // capture new Thread( () => { // anchor each thread to a core SetThreadAffinityMask( GetCurrentThread(), new UIntPtr( 1u << iThread ) ); int offset = iThread; mre.WaitOne(); for ( int x = 0 ; x < iters ; x++ ) data[ offset ]++; // the 'work' countdown.Signal(); } ) { IsBackground = true }.Start(); } var sw = StopWatch.StartNew(); mre.Set(); countdown.Wait(); return sw.Elapsed; }
Efficiency graph
I will use graphs of efficiency from here on, as it is easier to make comparisons than when using speedup.
Graph 2: Efficiency
No padding, no spacing
The red line shows the performance just using a basic
. Below is a diagram of how the counters ( C0 -
C7 ) are laid out in memory. The numbers below the counters are the offsets
in bytes.
As you can see, all the counters together occupy just 32 bytes, so all of them can fit in a single cache line. This means that all eight cores are reading and writing to the same cache line as fast as they can. This causes massive contention, which is shown by the slow time measurements. This is as bad as it gets for false sharing.
No padding, spacing
Let's try to separate the counters so that they are on different cache lines. We can do this by adding space between them in the array.
We do this by altering the basic code just a little:
... // declare the counters // int[] data = new int[ threadCount ]; int[] data = new int[ threadCount * spacing ]; ... // int offset = iThread; int offset = iThread * spacing; ...
The results of this test are shown in purple in the graphs. As you can see, there
is some improvement, but performance is still nowhere near linear efficiency. To
understand why this is, I need to take a quick look at the way Array
is implemented in .NET.
Array in .NET
Every heap-allocated object has some metadata, similar to the vtable in C++, which
is stored in memory just before the actual data. This metadata includes things like
an object header and a pointer to a method table. The Array
has some additional metadata. This depends on whether it is a CLR SZARRAY ( single-dimension,
zero-based ) or an MDARRAY ( multi-dimension ), but both include the element type and
array length.
We are interested in the array size entry. This is read most times your code indexes
into the array to check that your index is within the bounds of the array. I say
most because for certain code patterns, some of the checks can be optimized away,
but it's mostly true. The checks are done so that if your index points outside your
array, you will get an IndexOutOfRangeException
So basically, every time you write data[ offset ]
, there is a read
of the memory just prior to the actual data in the array.
Padding, no spacing
In the code so far, the first counter has always been stored at index 0 of the data
array. This is, very probably, in the same cache line as the array size member of
the Array
metadata. Since one core is continuously writing to this
counter, the cache line is being invalidated continuously, which causes contention
with all the other threads that are checking the size every time they index into
the array. This is false sharing again, and is the reason why just spacing the array
didn't work.
So I have added padding before the first counter in the array so that it no longer shares a cache line with the hidden size metadata.
This is achieved by this alteration of the basic code:
... // declare the counters // int[] data = new int[ threadCount ]; int[] data = new int[ padding + threadCount ]; ... // int offset = iThread; int offset = padding + iThread; ...
These results are shown in blue in the graphs. They are better than the basic array results, but apart from the two threads case, they are worse than the previous results using spacing. See the "Points of Interest" section below for an explanation of the two threads case.
In this test, we have removed the hidden size false sharing, but the counters still share a cache line. This is again causing false sharing and poor performance.
Padding, spacing
The last test case incorporates both the above solutions.
The final code looks like this:
... // declare the counters // int[] data = new int[ threadCount ]; int[] data = new int[ padding + ( threadCount * spacing ) ]; ... // int offset = iThread; int offset = padding + ( iThread * spacing ); ...
These results are shown in green on the graphs, and give near-linear efficiency. So with this optimization, I have finally removed all the false sharing.
This approach is an optimization that trades space for time performance. In this case, for an eight-core machine, I use about 1 KB of space instead of 32 bytes, but the performance has increased by about a factor of 100.
Mostly readers
The last thing I want to show you with the demo is that false sharing can occur even when you are mostly reading, as long as there is at least one writer. With the check box checked, only the first counter is written and the rest are only read. Here is the results graph:
Graph 3: Mostly readers
The performance is slightly better than when all the threads are writing, but it is still terrible for the three false sharing tests. This shows that it just takes one core, continuously writing to a cache line, to cause enough contention to thwart the other seven cores.
The previous section on the evolutions of the demo show how to solve the problem of false sharing, and it is quite simple: move hot variables apart in memory by at least the size of a cache line - usually 64 or 128 bytes. This is actually the opposite of the hot / cold optimization technique for sequential programs where you try to put the most frequently accessed data close in memory.
It really is that simple. The "art" is in diagnosing false sharing in the first place and locating the data and code paths that are causing the problem. This is addressed in the next section.
There are many possible causes of poor performance in concurrent software. As I said, synchronization is often to blame, if you have had to use it. Diagnosing a problem is still more art than science, but the clues are there.
If you suspect poor scaling, you probably have a rough feeling of how fast your code should be executing for linear efficiency. Your wall clock measurements tell you that you are falling short of that. It's a start, but you must also have a good understanding of how your implementation fits together. If you don't, you won't be able to reason about how the measurements you make relate to your code.
The first tool you will use is Task Manager. For false sharing, you will see 100% processor usage across all cores. This contrasts with say, an asynchronous IO implementation, which would show low processor usage. In the Task Manager, you can also check the memory usage, the number of threads, and the number of handles held. These won't be a problem for false sharing, but they can rule out other causes.
Next, it is useful to accurately measure performance as I have done in the graphs: measuring times using from one to all cores. Obviously, to do this properly, you will need a machine that has at least as many cores as your expected clients' machines. For false sharing, you will see efficiencies significantly less than 100%, and which vary a fair bit between test runs. This is in contrast to say, a coarse grained lock convoy, which would show a consistent speedup of 1. That is to say, as you add cores, the wall clock time would stay pretty much constant.
Just to make things interesting, your measurements are unlikely to be as conclusive as those in this article. I have used a very small unit of work ( just incrementing a counter ) to highlight the effects of false sharing. In real code, your false sharing will probably affect a much smaller percentage of the work and so the effect on run times will be masked.
The previous section may sound like a lot of hand-waving, but with experience you can perform a basic triage of possible problems and rank them for further investigation. This section presumes that you suspect false sharing and shows you how to use Visual Studio to verify or eliminate false sharing as a cause.
I am using VS 2010 beta 2, but these profiling tools were available in some versions of VS 2008. There are also a whole load of excellent new debugging tools in VS 2010, but that is a subject for another article.
I will now walk through the process of detecting false sharing. Create a new performance
session using sampling and open its properties. In the Sampling
you can change the sample event from "Clock Cycles" to "Performance
Counter". This will present you with a bewildering range of counters to choose
from. Select either "L2 Misses" ( if it is available ) or "L2 Lines
In" as shown here:
Performance properties
You can also set the "Sampling Interval" to something smaller than the default. I have chosen to sample at each 100,000 events.
Now, launch the profiler and exercise the suspect functionality. If false sharing is occurring, you will see a lot of cache misses. This is effectively measuring the number of times a cache line has been marked as "Invalid" because another core has written to it. The summary screen will helpfully show your "Hot Path" like this:
Profile summary
If you click on the offending method, you will be taken to the "Function Details" page. Here, even more helpfully, the offending statement(s) will be highlighted:
This result has confirmed that the increment statement is causing a lot of cache misses, which is an indication of false sharing. You now know where to look in your code and what to look for. Hopefully, you will be able to relocate the hot data in memory and fix the bug.
Points of interest
Two threads case
The test results for the two threads case look suspiciously good. The reason for
this is the hardware cache layout in my machine and the fact that I am P/Invoking
to anchor each thread to a particular core.
In my machine, each core has 32 KB of L1 data cache, and each pair of cores share 6 MB of unified L2 cache. So, when testing with two threads on cores 0 and 1, they have a shared L2 cache. This means that only this L2 cache needs to be involved in cache coherence for the false-shared cache line. Although the L2 cache is slower than the L1 cache ( 17 cycles instead of 3 cycles ), it is still a lot quicker than main memory ( hundreds of cycles ). This mitigates the false sharing effect, although it is still measurable.
Well, that's about it. False sharing is a real world problem that exists in a lot of concurrent software. As always, prevention is better than cure, and I hope I have raised awareness of this hazard and that you will avoid it altogether. If you do suspect false sharing in existing code, I have shown you how to diagnose and fix it.
I hope you've enjoyed reading this article. Thanks.
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License.
If you have any feedback, please feel free to contact me.


text:
OrthodoxWiki talk:Style Manual
- 1 Using "Saint" with saint names
- 2 "Catholic" Churches
- 3 RFC on Capitalization Style
- 4 RFC: Greek/Russian/etc. terminology
- 5 Spelling conventions
- 6 Episcopal titles, articles and lists
- 7 Modularizing
- 8 Alphabetization of categories
- 9 Interwiki
- 10 Singular vs. plural article names
- 11 Musical tones
- 12 English saint names
Using "Saint" with saint names
Since we are all Orthodox here, should we not always refer to Saints with the word Saint preceding their name? I think it would be proper. 22.214.171.124 11:03, 23 Dec 2004 (CST)
- That can be taken care of in the body of the article. Not only would it mess with alphabetization and searching to have every article name for a saint start with "saint," but there would also be potential issues with regard to which form we use: Saint, St., St, S. or S (all are currently in use in English convention). Additionally, there are potential quibbles over which persons are considered saints or not (Augustine of Hippo, Saint Augustine of Hippo, or Blessed Augustine of Hippo). Not using "saint" for article titles also means that moving articles will be lessened should a person already with an article be declared a saint. The note can simply be made in the article body. --Rdr. Andrew
- Agreed with respect to article names. However, within articles, we should probably determine a standard way of doing this. Using "Saint" or "St." for every single instance of a saint's name (for example, in an article on that saint) seems a bit over the top. Perhaps the first time a saint's name is used within an article? Also, should it be spelled out or abbreviated? I recommend spelled out, since that cuts down on the argument factor and also is more professional. —Basil
- I agree that not every instance of a saint's name in an article should be prefixed with "Saint" (etc.), though I don't think that it should only be at the beginning. I've seen variation in other scholarly work, and I think it works in terms of the rhetorical style of those writers. I do agree, though, that it would get tiresome for it to be used at every instance.
- I'm not sure yet what I think about limiting "saint" usage to one particular form. It depends somewhat, I think, on the tone of the OrthodoxWiki project -- are we seeking to have singularly stylistically homogeneous set of documents, or are we wanting to give the impression of something a bit more eclectic? As it is, we're likely to get spelling variants based simply on different international varieties of English. Do we enforce "center" or "centre"?
- I'll have to think on it a bit more, though. I'm not entirely against standardizing to "Saint" (if we were to standardize, that would be the way I'd go), but I'm also not completely sold on it, mainly because of the implications in terms of the much more thorough set of rules which would be required by the Manual, standardizing all sorts of things which English-speaking scholars vary on in terms of style.
- --Rdr. Andrew 09:16, 10 Jan 2005 (CST)
- I understand the hesitance with regard to ecclectic versus standardized. I guess I'm more on the side of standardized myself. Probably my military background. I think we should agree on an American spelling of things, personally. So far, we're all Americans, so British English writers will understand that they are contributing to an American project. On the other hand, if we wanted to promote an international flavor, we could standardize on British variants. I can go both ways, but I think we probably should standardize on one or the other.
- I also recognize the validity of not enforcing a "one 'saint' and one 'saint' only" standard; that, too, would be a little over the top. --Basil 11:00, 10 Jan 2005 (CST)
"Catholic" Churches
Surely in an Orthodox context RC churches should be designated "Roman Catholic" and not simply "Catholic"?
- In most cases, that is the protocol being used. However, especially when referring to some of the smaller bodies within the RCC, referring to them as (e.g.) the Syrian Roman Catholic Church (rather than simply Syrian Catholic Church) could be misleading -- for one thing, most Eastern Rite (Roman) Catholics explicitly do not use Roman to describe themselves. Further, the use of Roman in those cases might mislead one to think that such churches were using the Latin Rite, which most are not. The relevant articles will certainly make explicit that such churches are subject to the Vatican. --Rdr. Andrew
- It should also be noted that Middle Eastern Christians tend to regard the term "Roman" as equivalent to our use of the term "Byzantine." --Basil 11:03, 10 Jan 2005 (CST)
Excellent work Reader Andrew! Thanks, FrJohn 23:27, 2 Jan 2005 (CST)
RFC on Capitalization Style
Request some direction on capitalization. There are some in the Church who would capitalize nearly everything, resulting in sentences that look like dissertation titles: The Lord gave to The Apostles and Their Successors the Power to Absolve and Remit sin. I have always been more of the opposite tendency. So before I go uncapping sentences willy-nilly, I recommend the following be capped:
- God and Trinity
- Church (when referencing the Church catholic; not when used as a generic reference for a local church)
- titles: Lord, Lady, Theotokos, Christ and titles with names, for example: Saint John, Apostle Peter, Bishop Basil, etc., but not saint, apostle, bishop, etc., as regular nouns
- proper names: Father, Son, Holy Spirit, Jesus, James, John, etc.
- Feast days: Pascha, Annunciation, Theophany, Transfiguration, etc. (however, within texts for a particular feast, it is not the title which is being referenced, but the event, so capitalization is unnecessary: "Your birth..." or "Thy nativity...," not "Your Birth..." or "Thy Nativity...")
- O (as in "O Lord"; sorry, pet peeve there)
Other terms I recommend leaving uncapitalized. Though I'm open on personal pronouns referencing God, I prefer to leave them uncapitalized. Without a style guide for this, we'll have vastly inconsistent articles. One I write will have only the most necessary things capped, while the next article will cap nearly everything. This will lead, inexorably, to editorial wars between cappers and non-cappers. Perhaps one group would even get anathematized by the next council. --Basil 14:27, 9 Jan 2005 (CST)
- This all makes good sense to me, honestly. Would you care to write something up and then put it somewhere I can grab it (e.g., in User talk:ASDamick) and then incorporate it into the Manual? --Rdr. Andrew
- Certainly. --Basil 11:05, 10 Jan 2005 (CST)
Ah, looking at the article on Holy Scripture, I see a few items which I forgot:
- Scripture and Tradition (Tradition should be capitalized when referring to the mainstream beliefs and practices held by MCB churches to be binding on Orthodox Christians; it is not capitalized when referring to local traditions which are not binding in character)
- Orthodox and Christian
This may seem to be obvious, but I have actually vacillated on these last few in my own writing. Also, it is not universal custom, in my experience. --Basil 16:21, 10 Jan 2005 (CST)
- Noted and added. --Rdr. Andrew 16:28, 10 Jan 2005 (CST)
- Just wanted to chime in that I agree with these. I think it is important keep some of the basic ecclesiastical conventions in this regard. As a side note, I think the Church should be referred to as "she" rather than "it", but maybe that's just me. -FrJohn
- I like "she," too, but I don't think this is one that needs to have standardization enforced, if only because there are so many sources already using "it." We would be trying to enforce a somewhat idiosyncratic usage. --Rdr. Andrew 06:46, 11 Jan 2005 (CST)
RFC: Greek/Russian/etc. terminology
The developing articles on vestments got me thinking -- for many technical terms, there are often cognates between the various languages of Orthodoxy (e.g., epitrachelion and epitrachil) where there's no big difference. There are a goodly number of instances where the words aren't remotely related (e.g., epigonation and palitsa or exorasson, riassa and jibbee).
I propose that for article names, we favor the Greek terminology over others. The reason for this proposition is that the formational years of our tradition essentially happened in the Greek-speaking world, and even in the non-Greek languages, there still is a certain favoring of Greek terminology, so it's already got a more universal character.
--Rdr. Andrew 19:59, 10 Jan 2005 (CST)
I think that's the right way to go -- the Greek is used even in the Slavic world. Maybe we can have refresh or jump pages if we need them for the Slavic terms. I'd also suggest a line under the title giving the terms in the various languages used for Orthodox liturgics. I guess that would be basically Slavonic and Arabic.
- Word up, yo. I'll write up a bit for this one. --Rdr. Andrew 06:37, 11 Jan 2005 (CST)
Spelling conventions
Maybe we should talk about spelling conventions too, e.g. using "icons" rather than "ikons." Generally speaking, I think it would be best to go by "standard English usage". A gray area for me here is in the names of biblical figures from the Septuagint. Can you think of other examples?
Another thing is to be explicit about international characters -- i.e. Velimirovic -- how to do that with the accent? I guess I'd need to learn accent characters on my keyboard, or to cut and paste with Word or something. Shall we decree that page titles be unaccented or ... ?
- A lot of those non-standard characters simply can't be in page titles for technical reasons. If people want to figure out how to put them into articles, fine, but I also don't think we should mandate it.
- I agree about "standard English usage," though of course that will vary for some of us from non-American Anglophonic lands. After all, for most spelling differences, the line is generally drawn between everyone else and us. I'll write up something this morning addressing this in the Style Manual.
Episcopal titles, articles and lists
Perhaps we could have clearer guidelines on how to title articles: for instance, should the article for Herman Swaiko, Metropolitan of All America and Canada, Archbishop of Washington (and New York) reflect his title of Metropolitan or that of Archbishop (cf. OCA)? It seems that the title of Metropolitan would be less variable.
Also, what are your thoughts on having some sort of template in each bishop's article like they do at Wikipedia showing the person who occupied that seat (or seats) before and after, e.g., the bottom of the article on John of Gaunt? --magda 08:47, 2 May 2005 (CDT)
- The way I've been doing it thus far is to use the primary title of the bishop's see. For most bishops, this is the city where his primary cathedral is located. For others, the primary title can be more general, as with the GOA's "Archbishop of America." With Metr. Herman, his primary title is (now) "Archbishop of Washington and New York."
- Regarding a template, sure, that might be interesting, though it could cause some potential problems WRT the uncanonical situation in the New World. For instance, there are currently multiple bishops "of New York." Who gets listed as the predecessor, successor, etc.? --—Dcn. Andrew talk random contribs 21:46, 2 May 2005 (CDT)
As per the discussion in User_Talk:Joe Rodgers, I'm making parts of the Style Manual modular. If anyone objects, we can always revert. ——Dcn. Andrew talk random contribs 14:08, 28 Jun 2005 (EDT)
Alphabetization of categories
I removed the info about alphabetizing categories, as it is impossible to enforce such an ordering with the introduction of categories added by templates. —Fr. Andrew talk contribs (THINK!) 12:57, November 28, 2005 (CST)
- Thanks, that's a sharp catch. Fr. John
Plese put the intwerwiki [[bg:Двери�?:Ръковод�?тво за �?тила на пи�?ане]] in the page. I can't do it myself, because the page is protected. Thanks! --Gregg 15:36, June 17, 2006 (CDT)
Singular vs. plural article names
Is there a rule on the usage of plural/singular article titles? On Wikipedia, singular forms are typically used even if the subject is used in a plural context. Here we have articles such as Hours and Great Feasts that probably should be Hour and Great Feast instead. --cholmes75 15:29, January 4, 2007 (PST)
- There probably should be a preference for singular forms; this seems appropriate. However, I would not want to be strict or legalistic in following a rule like that. To look at your examples, Hours would not be helpful at all (or even make much sense) to be in the singular, while Great Feasts probably could be made singular without much confusion. Let's see what some of the other sysops say, and we'll consider making an entry in the Style Manual. --Basil 19:44, January 4, 2007 (PST)
I think we need to watch the context of the title. Graet Feasts is a good example. While it would be proper to use the singular in, for example, the Feast of the Nativity of Our Lord as a title, but making the title of the article of Great Feasts that discusses all of them as Great Feast seems very odd.Wsk 06:35, January 5, 2007 (PST)
- I would certainly argue against using the singular when multiples are being discussed. To use the above examples: the Hours (as a service) are referred to in the plural, and in the singular when speaking about a specific (e.g. First Hour), and the article talks about multiple services which have the same structure (hence the plural); the Great Feasts, and their article, are similar. — edited by Pιsτévο talk complaints at 06:47, January 11, 2007 (PST)
Musical tones
I've noticed that by default, the preference on OrthodoxWiki seems to be towards referring to the tones by their Slavic names (e.g., Tone 8) as opposed to the Byzantine usage (Plagal of the Fourth Tone.) This seems to contradict the style guideline that the Greek terminology is to be preferred.
Having said that, I have no problem if we elect to use the Slavic forms as a standard for the names of the tones, but there probably should be a statement to that effect in the Style Manual one way or another so that we have a consistent practice. Paterakis 21:38, June 30, 2007 (PDT)
English saint names
It really drives me crazy when I come across transliterated Greek names in English language Orthodox material. Brings back memories of attending a Greek parish, where I always explicitly introduced myself as Basil, and was constantly called "Vasily" and, especially when receiving communion, "Vasilios," as if my English name was not good enough. This practice drives me nuts. Really.
With respect to saints names, I would like to recommend, as an amendment to the existing style guide, that less common names be cross-referenced to a few standard places. I recommend, first of all, the calendar published on The Protection of the Mother of God parish site. It seems to get most of these names right. Another would be to consult the Catholic Encyclopedia on New Advent. The Catholics, though we may disagree with them on several points of theology, have been Englishing Christianity for a wee bit longer than we have. (England was Catholic for centuries prior to Henry VIII, and Anglicanism retains much of the language inherited from English Catholicism.) Many less common names still have English counterparts, even if they are merely latinized spellings with anglicized pronunciations. Evangelicals won't be familiar with them, but it's fairly certain that Anglicans and Catholics probably will be, to greater and lesser degrees, depending on their education level.
I welcome other ideas on this. --Basil 01:17, April 15, 2008 (UTC)
- Almost understand and empathise until I consider what the strictest Orthodox actually have to say on the matter .... Mount Athos fathers absolutely HATE the fact that we anglosaxonise our names, not opposed to something like Vasilios to Basil but more something like, you are baptised Katherina and bc you dont like it you call yourself Karin! LOL :-) Agree, it would be nice to have an adopteed consistency in the translation but I would not want to used the Catholics as our template. The Orthodox church (perhaps those best to do this as representatives would be from the OCA?) should lead the example ... we also long overdue for a Synod on various contemporary matters but until the church meets on this level and re-defines the 'rules' we have an OBLIGATION to be OBEDIENT to the Orthodox Church - even if it doesnt agree with our point of view :-) Vasiliki 01:54, April 15, 2008 (UTC)
- With all due respect, this is not at all what I mean. Karin is not the cognate for Katherina, Catherine is. (And that's what we call the saint after whom the Sinai monastery is named.) Neither is Jimmy the cognate for Demetrios, Demetrius is. This is not a matter of using a different name to fit in to an alien society, but of using the name for the saint that has been in use in the culture for over a thousand years. As in, using John instead of Ioann. That's obvious, clearly more obvious than using Ignatius rather than Ignatios, but the issue is the same. --Basil 10:11, April 15, 2008 (UTC)
- Hi Basil, I know exactly what you were talking about, I was just chatting in the above paragraph - hence the smiley faces :-) ... my paragraph is cut in two, the first is about the way we change our names (nothing to do with ur question) and the second was about how I AGREE WITH YOU! But was expressing that the Orthodox Church as a whole needs to take ownership of this matter and put it down ...and I think I used OCA as a good example of who can do this. :-) Vasiliki 23:05, April 15, 2008 (UTC)
- While Athonite monks are going to tend to be the authorities on the spiritual life, whether they are authorities on English usage will depend a great deal on which Athonite we are talking about. I have a Vasily in my parish, who is of Russian extraction, and I call him by that form of the name, because that is the form he uses. However, when I speak of St. Basil, I use the English form of the name, because it is the English form of the name, and I am speaking in English. Frjohnwhiteford 11:14, April 15, 2008 (UTC)


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In a conference battle of two physical teams, there has to be an x-factor.
It was at the free-throw line.
A closely contested girls basketball game between Dolores and Ignacio on Tuesday night came down to the charity stripe.
The visiting Lady Bobcats made their free throws. The Lady Bears did not.
Dolores fell at home, 55-48.
"It was a tough game. That's a good team," first-year coach Tim Kercher said. "It was a pretty physical game. The refs were allowing a lot to happen. Our girls hung tight. But in the end, they won the battle of the boards in the second half. Especially, off the free throws."
It was a defensive struggle, as both teams couldn't find a consistent offensive rhythm. But in the fourth quarter, Ignacio (4-2, 1-0 2A San Juan Basin League) made its free throws and converted second chance points to thwart a comeback by Dolores (5-3, 2-2 2A SJBL). The Lady Bears have lost two straight after winning five in a row.
"My girls, I'm proud of them. They played their hearts out," Kercher said. "It's always hard coming back after the (Christmas) break. I think this game will help us get conditioned. We'll be ready."
Dolores took control early with an 11-3 lead and appeared to be on the way to a blowout win.
However, the Lady Bobcats slowed the tempo and crept back in the game behind Mariah Vigil and Michelle Simmons.
The Lady Bears led 18-14 after the first quarter before the teams battled back-and-forth in the second frame.
Sharpshooting ace Lexi Atkinson got on the board in the second with her first trey to give Dolores a 21-16 lead. The only problem, Atkinson was the only one scoring in the second.
Ignacio grabbed its first lead at 25-23 before Atkinson hit her second from downtown to put the Lady Bears back up 26-25.
Down 29-27, Cydney McHenry inbounded the ball to Atkinson and the senior delivered from 25-feet at the buzzer. Dolores led 30-29 at halftime.
Senior center Sam Tate scored the first three points of the third quarter for the Lady Bears. But Dolores couldn't pull away and led just 33-31.
Sky Cotton tied the game at 33 with a driving layup for the Lady Bobcats.
Consecutive free throws by McHenry and Atkinson put Dolores ahead 35-33. But Ignacio closed the quarter with six straight to lead 39-35 after three.
In the fourth, the Lady Bobcats built an 8-point advantage. Dolores climbed within three on separate occasions, but could get no closer due to clutch free-throw shooting by Ignacio.
The Lady Bobcats kept the Lady Bears at bay and went onto win by seven.
Atkinson scored a game high 15 points, while Tate and Brianna Schwartz tallied 13 and 10.
"I feel like we started out strong," said Tate, who transferred from 5A Fountain-Fort Carson. "I think if we start out like that every game, we'll continue to play well as a whole. Also, I need to be more big on the inside and get more rebounds. I'll do it next time."
Dolores plays at Ridgway on Friday at 5:30 p.m., before returning home to face Nucla on Saturday at 4.
[email protected].


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Healthy Sleep Habits
What is normal sleep?
The normal amount of sleep varies depending on the age of your child.
Age |
Average nighttime sleep |
Average daytime sleep |
Newborns to 3 months |
8 to 9 hours (waking through the night to feed) |
8 hours |
6 to 12 months |
10 to 12 hours (usually sleeps through the night) |
5 hours |
2 years | 10 to 12 hours |
4 hours (fewer naps after 12 months of age) |
3 years | 10 hours | 1 hour |
4 to 6 years | 10 hours | Usually no nap |
Helpful tips for healthy sleep habits
The following are some helpful tips for establishing good sleep habits for your child:
Newborns don't have a set night or day schedule for the first several weeks of life. It is best for a newborn not to sleep longer than 5 hours at a time in the first 5 to 6 weeks as their small bodies need frequent feedings.
Older babies and children should have a consistent nap time and bedtime schedule.
Start a quiet time, such as listening to quiet music or reading a book, 20 to 30 minutes before bedtime. TV, smart phones, tablets, and computers should not be a part of the quiet time.
After quiet time, follow a bedtime routine, such as a diaper change, going to the bathroom, and brushing teeth.
Set a time limit for quiet time and the routine so it does not drag on and your child knows what to expect before bedtime.
Say goodnight, turn off the light, and leave the room.
Security objects, such as a special blanket or stuffed animal, can be part of the bedtime routine.
It is important for children to be put to bed awake so they learn to fall asleep themselves.
Babies should not be put to bed with a bottle. It causes problems with tooth decay and ear infections.
Helpful tips for children with poor sleep habits
Children can easily fall into bedtime habits that are not always healthy habits. The following suggestions can help when a child does not want to go to bed or is having trouble staying in bed:
If your child cries, speak calmly and reassure him or her, "You are fine. It is time to go to sleep." Then leave the room.
Don't give a bottle or pick up your child.
Stretch out the time between trips to the room if your child continues. Don't do anything but talk calmly and leave.
Your child will calm down and go to sleep if you stick to this routine. It may take several nights for your child to get used to the new plan.
If your child is used to getting a large amount of milk right at bedtime, start to cut down the amount of milk in the bottle by 1/2 to 1 ounce each night until the bottle is empty and then take it away completely.
Sometimes children get out of their routine of night sleeping because of an illness or travel. Quickly return to good sleep habits when things are back to normal.
Sometimes, older children go through a stage when they revert back to bad sleep habits or develop new problems in going to sleep. The following are some tips to help parents with older children who have problems going to bed:
If your child gets out of bed, take him or her back to bed with a warning that the door will be shut (not locked) for 1 or 2 minutes if he or she gets out of bed.
If your child stays in bed, the door stays open. If your child gets out of bed, the door is closed for 2 minutes. Your child can understand that he or she has control of keeping the door open by staying in bed.
If your child gets out again, shut the door for 3 to 5 minutes (no more than 5 minutes).
Be consistent. Put your child back in bed each time he or she gets out of bed.
When your child stays in bed, open the door and give your child praise (for example, "You are doing a great job of staying in bed. Goodnight."
Your child can be rewarded by earning a star on a calendar for staying in bed all night. You can give a special prize for a certain number of stars earned.
Reducing the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and other sleep-related deaths
Here are recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) on how to reduce the risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sleep-related deaths from birth to age 1:
Make sure your baby is immunized. An infant who is fully immunized reduces his or her risk for SIDS.
Breastfeed your infant. The AAP recommends breast milk only for at least the first 6 months.
Place your infant on his or her back for all sleeping until he or she is 1-year-old. This can decrease the risk for SIDS, aspiration, and choking. Never place your baby on his or her side or stomach for sleep or naps. If your baby is awake, allow your child time on his or her tummy as long as you are supervising, to decrease the chances that your child will develop a flat head.
Always talk with your baby's doctor before raising the head of the crib if he or she has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux.
Offer your baby a pacifier for sleeping or naps, if he or she isn't breastfed. If breastfeeding, delay introducing a pacifier until breastfeeding has been firmly established.
Use a firm mattress (covered by a tightly fitted sheet) to prevent gaps between the mattress and the sides of a crib, a play yard, or a bassinet. This can decrease the risk for entrapment, suffocation, and SIDS.
Share your room instead of your bed with your baby. Putting your baby in bed with you raises the risk for strangulation, suffocation, entrapment, and SIDS. Bed sharing is not recommended for twins or other higher multiples. The AAP recommends that infants sleep in the same room as their parents, close to their parent's bed, but in a separate bed or crib appropriate for infants. This sleeping arrangement is recommended ideally for the baby's first year, but should at least be maintained for the first 6 months.
Don't use infant seats, car seats, strollers, infant carriers, and infant swings for routine sleep and daily naps. These may lead to obstruction of an infant's airway or suffocation.
Don't place infants on a couch or armchair for sleep. Sleeping on a couch or armchair puts the infant at much higher risk of death, including SIDS.
Don't use illicit drugs and alcohol. Don't smoke during pregnancy or after birth. Keep your baby away from others who are smoking and areas where others smoke.
Don't over bundle, overdress, or cover an infant's face or head. This will prevent him or her from getting overheated, reducing the risks for SIDS.
Don't use loose bedding or soft objects. Bumper pads, pillows, comforters, and blankets should not be used in an infant's crib or bassinet to help prevent suffocation, strangulation, entrapment, or SIDS.
Don't use cardiorespiratory monitors and commercial devices. Wedges, positioners, and special mattresses should not be used to help decrease the risk for SIDS and sleep-related infant deaths.
Always place cribs, bassinets, and play yards in hazard-free areas. Avoid dangling cords, wires, or window coverings to reduce the risk for strangulation.
Avoid all exposure to smoke, alcohol, and illicit drugs.


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PHOENIX (AP) — A gunman opened fire at a Phoenix office building on Wednesday, wounding three people, one of them critically, authorities said. Police were searching for the shooter.
The remaining two victims' injuries were less severe, Sgt. Tommy Thompson said. Police do not believe the shooting was a random act, Thompson said.
Authorities said police believe there was only one shooter.
A SWAT team surrounded a house 7 miles from the shooting scene that police said is connected to the shooting. Officers were talking to someone who was not the suspect, Sgt. Steve Martos said.
The gunfire prompted terrified workers throughout the complex to lock the doors to their offices and hide far from the windows. SWAT officers searched the building.
"Everyone was just scared, honestly, just scared," said Navika Sood, assistant director of nursing at First at Home Health Services who along with her co-workers locked the entrances to their office.
Sood said authorities evacuated the office about 30 minutes after she first heard the popping noises.
The shooting took place on the same day that hearings on legislation to address gun violence were convened in Washington, with former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords testifying for stricter gun controls.
A gunman shot Giffords in the head during a shooting rampage in Tucson in January 2011.
Around 10:30 a.m., the gunman arrived at the office building and got into a dispute with someone, a conflict that escalated to the point where he drew a gun and shot three people, Thompson said.
Vannessa Brogan, who works in sales support at an insurance business in the three-story complex, said she heard a loud bang that she thought at first was from somebody working in or near the building.
She said others at the business thought they heard multiple loud noises. She said people locked themselves in offices until authorities evacuated the complex that houses insurance, medical and law offices.
Becky Neher, who works for a title company in the building, said the two gunshots she heard sounded like two pieces of metal banging against each other.
Watching from her second-story office, she saw people leaving the building.
"Someone yelled, 'We have a shooter,'" she said. She saw two victims lying on the ground outside the back side of the building. She said health care workers who have offices in the complex came out to help.
Don Jaksa, a software consultant who works in the building, said he was listening to the radio when he suddenly heard "two pops." He said he didn't think they were gunshots.
"My co-worker goes to the range all the time," he said. "He identified it as gunfire."
His co-worker then locked the door. After five minutes, they left and ran into police and someone carrying a stretcher. The police escorted them back to their office and told them to lock the door again.
They were eventually evacuated, and as he sat on a rock outside the complex, his wife called to make sure he was OK after seeing the shooting on the news.
Workers were later allowed to leave the building. Two hugged each other when they got outside.
"You don't expect this when you come to work," worker Lindsa Rincon said.


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When I was vacillating between blogging and not-blogging a month or two back, I realized two things.
I referred to my blog to cook. Yes, things have gotten that bad over here. Of course I don't trust myself that much and 1" inch of ginger does not warrant an exact measure but I do look up my recipes and then bring out my teaspoons and tablespoons and on days I am feeling gloomy add 2 tsp of Red Chili Powder where it said only one.So Suanta, whoever you are, when you say "Bit peculiar recipes with mild taste...maybe for weak stomach" -- yeah those are my happy days.
The second and more important thing I realized is, I needed my blog to remember.
No, not recipes but small moments in the life of two little girls as they grow up. When we were kids, there were many people cris-crossing through our lives remembering snapshots in time as we grew up. While parents remembered us as a whole, the uncles, the aunts, the grandparents, the dudhwala, the Shanti's Ma remembered how we would love the nimki at the bhujia store, how we insisted on helping with the jharu, how we said "kapekha" and not "opekha". As they talked, reminding us at our 20th birthday about our love for "nimpi" at 3, these childhood snippets took form of a legend.
At 20 I hated such legends.
In my mid-thirties not so much. Now that some of those people are no longer there to remind me how much water I wasted during my baths, I try to remember them. And strangely I do so, by iterating over those snippets they once remembered about me.
My girls' life with all the fullness lacks people to remember things. Yes, there is the camcorder but that is never taken out at the right moment. If at all, it records a staged life rather than the au naturel.
So if I do not write about how Little S loves eating bamboo shoot from the Thai Red Curry at the restaurant and calls it "bangashur", how the heck will we talk about it 30 years later ?
Like say about this other day when LS broke two of my precious vase that stand right by the fireplace. I loved those. I mean as much as you can love a "vase". For someone like me, that is quiet a lot.I had once screamed when a little boy running around had so much as chipped one of them.
So the other day when I came home and entered a house resounding with eerie silence I didn't once think it was to do with the vase. But Big Sis whispered into my ears, that the vase were gone, LS had shattered them and she had given LS a scolding followed by "thup thup" on her butt. LS sat quietly on her haunches, in a corner, behind the couch. I didn't feel like scolding her. That was a big change in me I realized. Instead I thought of what I could now buy at Pier1.
Later I sat her down and tried explaining why she should not go around home breaking things. Maybe there was not much conviction in my voice. After much explanation when I asked "Tumi bujhecho ki bollam(Did you understand what I told you ?)", she looked at me with her big eyes, said "kichui bojheni(I didn't understand anything)" and with that skipped away.
This I really need to remember for ever. It is important.
Also the fact that LS sat through the entire movie of "Mars needs Moms", in a dark theater, munching chips and trying to climb chairs. She wasn't even a wee bit scared. And that is because her review of the movie said "Chele ta broccoli khelona, cat ke diye dilo, tai or Ma khub boklo( the boy did not eat broccoli, gave it to the cat, so his Mom scolded him)". Regarding everything that happened there after she just shrugged.
And then the whispering and telling of secrets, a new skill she had acquired. She will come up close to my ear and in a hushed tone say totally illegible things. In response, I will say "Tai naki?" and act surprised. She too will act all astonished at the big secret that has been shared.
Big Sis teaches LS her alphabets. And honestly what little LS has learned is thanks to her Didi. These days she goes around writing the letter "A" and tells all and sundry, "Ami A likthe pari, B likhte pari na (I can write A but not B)"
These are as important to remember as is this recipe of Chicken Korma which my friend R makes. It is really wonderful, by the way. I love all the spices going into this chicken and it is pretty easy considering that it has such a heavy duty name of "Korma" assigned to it.
I will not go into any debate regarding whether this IS a korma or not. I really do not know what a Korma makes. The other recipe of Chicken Korma that I have is from Madhur Jaffrey, it has almonds and is pretty good too.
This one I find is pretty simple and a lot of the work can be done before hand. So works perfect when you are expecting guests and have a lot to cook. Don't get intimidated by all the spices. I found all of them tucked away some where in the pantry except the white pepper powder.
If I am cooking this on a Sunday for a family meal, I use the pressure Cooker.At the point where oil is surfacing, close the lid of the Pressure cooker and cook till chicken is done.Takes about 4-5 mins after full pressure in my cooker. The advantage of using the cooker is after the chicken is done, I cook rice in the same cooker with a little stock from the chicken gravy remaining to flavor the rice. It tastes wonderful and there is one less utensil to wash.
Both the girls love this Korma and the rice. It makes for a Happy Meal.
Read more...
One more Chicken Korma
Marinate 2lb Chicken(skinless & cut in pieces) with
4 hot green chili coarsely pounded
1 tbsp Garlic Paste,
2 tbsp Ginger paste,
1 tsp Corriander powder,
1 tsp Cumin Powder,
Garlic Powder(I used about 1/2tsp),
Ginger Powder(sonth)(I used about 1/2 tsp),
1 tsp Pepper Powder(White is better),
Cinnamon Powder(About 1/4th tsp),
Mace Powder (Just crush some mace roughly in a mortar to make 1/4th-1/2tsp) ,
Nutmeg Powder( I grated a nutmeg to make roughly 1/4th tsp),
Note: When I am cooking this for everyone including the kids, I skip the hot green chili. Instead I add it later at the very end of the cooking process. Also add Red chili powder and increase spices if you like it that way.
Chop 1 & 1/2 of a a large onion in chunks. Saute till onion is brown on the edges, around 4-5 minutes.
In a blender put
fried onion
1 cup thick yogurt
Make a fine paste
Heat Oil in a heavy bottomed deep pan or use a Pressure cooker.
Temper the Oil with
4 green cardamom,
4 clove,
10 whole black peppercorn
Add the marinated chicken pieces.
Saute/Fry for 10-15 minutes till chicken loses raw color and starts turning golden
Add the onion + yogurt paste. Add salt to taste. Mix well.
Let the masala cook. Sprinkle some water if necessary. When you see oil surfacing add about 1/2 cup of water and let the gravy simmer to a boil. Adjust for salt and other seasonings.
Cook till chicken is done.Garnish with chopped corriander leaves if you so desire.


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- Home
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- Eden Foods Ume Plum Balls 2.28 oz
Product Description
50/50 ume plum concentrate and jinenjo mountain yam in quarter gram balls. Ume fosters well-being and acid-alkaline balance. Jinenjo complements ume's stimulus of the Krebs Citric Acid Cycle in cells. This cycle produces, stores, and releases cellular energy. EDEN Plum Balls are a convenient way to enjoy one of the vegetable kingdom's most beneficial gifts, the Ume Plum without the high sodium content of pickled umeboshi plums. Ume Plum Concentrate is combined with Wild Japanese Mountain Yam (Jinenjo). The positive benefits of these foods have been enjoyed for thousands of years in Asia. Modern techniques and ancient wisdom combined make this exceptional food. EDEN Plum Balls are a concentration of whole foods that have been crafted into a potent and convenient form, a 0.25 inch (6 millimeter) diameter ball that is swallowed with or without liquid. Mr. Shoichi Inagaki of the Umeken Company, late Master of Oriental Herbal Medicine, developed the technique of making food into this handy ball form in 1970. Mr. Inagaki helped us to introduce EDEN Plum Balls to the West in 1983, crafting plum balls by hand before an enchanted crowd at a natural food industry trade show in Denver. EDEN Ume Plum Balls are a 50/50 mixture of EDEN Ume Plum Concentrate (a 50x concentration of slowly reduced unripe Japanese Umeboshi Plums) and Jinenjo powder. The plum concentrate is made by reducing 1 kg. (2.2 lb.) of fresh green Umeboshi Plums down to 20 grams of dark, thick syrup until it is 50 times as strong as a fresh plum. The raw materials are weighed according to specific doses and placed in a mixer, then a kneader, then a specially designed ball making machine. The finished balls are placed in a drying room where hot convection currents dry the balls thoroughly and uniformly. The dried balls then pass through a selecting machine to rule out any rough surfaces or irregular shapes. They are inspected again with the naked eye and finally placed in bottles and sealed with a safety cap. This plant has adopted high quality pharmaceutical GMP (good manufacturing practices) with a rigid quality control program. EDEN Plum Balls contain no chemicals, additives, flavoring agents or preservatives. The Ume Plum has been used as a dietary supplement/functional food for centuries in Japan and China, and was first concentrated as a medicine in Japan about 200 years ago. In the 1920s ume plum concentrate's beneficial properties were so highly revered that the Japanese military distributed it as an antiseptic to soldiers and sailors to prevent dysentery and motion sickness. Jinenjo is valued as a food that strengthens the body and further enhances the potency and beneficial properties of ume plum concentrate. Ume Plum foods are often referred to as the 'king of alkaline food.' Its concentrate is used in traditional Japanese health regimens to achieve optimal balance. Ume Plum Balls provide alkaline minerals. These minerals in the presence of citric acid and other organic acids found in ume plums, readily combines with minerals in the food we eat, promoting easy absorption of the minerals. Umeboshi plums, ume concentrates and ume plum balls are very popular in Japan where they are used as a digestive aid, to increase saliva, help with motion sickness, and even as a cure for hangovers. The picric acid in ume concentrate enhances liver function and helps break down the alcohol in the liver. Lactic acid build up in the body causes fatigue, muscle cramps and a variety of other conditions. Ume plum concentrate has been found helpful for these conditions. Citric acid in ume plum concentrate breaks down lactic acid that is produced in the body when our bodies convert food to energy. The citric and organic acids are catalysts in the cellular cycle of energy production, storage, and release.


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K-Sport Procomp Front 8 Piston 356mm and Rear 6 Piston 330mm Disc Brake Kit
Ksport big brake kits provide the ultimate in stopping power for your vehicle. Integrating new brake technology into the design of the kits allows for a kit that highly reduces brake fade and continually cools and refreshes the brake pads surface under braking. These brake systems are designed for easy installation with minimal tools required (in most applications).
Our extreme lightweight caliper comes in differential bore configuration. It is machined from aircraft quality billet, weighs just over 5lbs. each, and has machined in protection grooves for the bridge tubes. Aluminum pistons, high temperature seals, and stainless steel brake pad wear plates are also standard on each caliper design. The opposed piston caliper design greatly improves pad wear and caliper rigidity over the OEM design. The stainless steel brake lines stop expansion under pressure.
Most applications utilize the 2-piece floating disc assembly, which reduces weight both rotating and unsprung. The floating disc also stops thermal stresses of extreme heat from warping the disc or cupping the braking surface. The unique slot design on the rotor greatly reduces braking noise and expels gas and pad debris faster than conventional slot designs. Every rotor is always heat treated and balanced before shipment for the best possible performance.
Key Features
- 8 Piston Aluminum calipers
- D.O.T. Compliant Stainless steel brake lines
- Machined aluminum hats
- Carbon steel brackets
- 356mm (14″) large ventilated discs (18″ wheels required)
- 330mm (13″) large ventilated discs (17″ wheels required)
- High quality Ksport SC5 street brake pads (RC1 race pads available for additional cost


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- Fonds
- 1963-1985
Fonds consists of records relating to Lester's time as a member of the Board of Governers and then the Chairman of the Board. The records are arranged in 3 series: Academic Freedom and Tenure, Correspondence, and Subject files. The subject files include records relating to the CAUT censure, the Department of Political Science, Sociology, and Anthropology (PSA) dispute, and university reorganization as a result of the censure and dispute.
Lester, Richard E.


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It's MORNING EDITION from NPR News. I'm Steve Inskeep.
And I'm David Greene.
Having spent much of the summer hammering Mitt Romney, President Obama is working to sell his record this week. Yesterday, administration spokesmen insisted that Americans are better off than they were four years ago.
INSKEEP: That's a change from the previous day's message, when key Obama backers would not make that claim. Yesterday, the president himself pointed to a success story.
GREENE: In Ohio, the president highlighted the recovery of the nation's auto industry. He met autoworkers in Toledo, one of several stops on his way to the Democratic Convention in Charlotte.
INSKEEP: Amid the campaigning, the president also conducted some official business, visiting an area hit by Hurricane Isaac in Louisiana.
Here's NPR's Scott Horsley.
SCOTT HORSLEY, BYLINE: President Obama traipsed through the Ridgewood neighborhood of St. John the Baptist Parish, northwest of New Orleans, where the floodwater is mostly gone now but the cleanup is just beginning.
PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA: How y'all doing?
EDWARD DIAZ: Better now.
OBAMA: I know it's a mess.
HORSLEY: Edward Diaz was one of the neighbors who shook hands with the president. His front yard is piled with evidence from the storm surge that swept from one end of his house to the other, soaking everything in its path.
DIAZ: We've spent three days taking out drywall, all the baseboards. And everything in the house, basically below four feet.
HORSLEY: Like his neighbors, though, Diaz seems remarkably upbeat. Much of the waterlogged furniture drying outside in the sun is labeled Don't Take. Just like their sofas and sideboards, the residents of this area are here to stay.
OBAMA: One thing you know about folks in Louisiana - they are resilient. People in Mississippi - they are resilient.
HORSLEY: Mr. Obama says the government's immediate focus is on recovery efforts: temporary housing, reopening schools, and restoring transportation so people can get to work. The president also wants to figure out why parts of Louisiana that escaped Hurricane Katrina relatively unscathed suffered so much flooding in this storm.
OBAMA: How do we make sure that an area like St. John's is protected when you have these kinds of disasters?
HORSLEY: Mr. Obama was accompanied on his tour by Louisiana's Republican governor, Bobby Jindal, and both Louisiana senators - one Republican, one Democrat.
White House spokesman Jay Carney says disaster relief is and should be apolitical. Still, there was plenty of partisan politics earlier in the day, when Mr. Obama hosted a Labor Day rally in Toledo, Ohio.
CROWD: Obama. Obama. Obama.
OBAMA: Thank you.
CROWD: Obama.
HORSLEY: Toledo is a major manufacturing center for both Chrysler and General Motors, and the city has shared in the automakers' recovery. Mr. Obama was quick to remind his audience that Mitt Romney opposed the government's auto rescue. Romney himself was in Ohio last week, telling voters that after a losing economic season, America needs a new head coach. Mr. Obama countered with his own football-inspired trash talk.
OBAMA: He said he's going to be the coach that leads America to a winning season.
OBAMA: The problem is, everybody's already seen his economic playbook.
HORSLEY: The president characterized the Republican playbook as tax cuts heavily tilted towards the wealthy, deregulation that would end some consumer protections, and changes to the Medicare system for future retirees that Mr. Obama described as a Hail Mary pass.
OBAMA: And I've got one piece of advice for you about the Romney-Ryan game plan, Ohio. Punt it away.
OBAMA: It won't work. It won't win the game.
HORSLEY: Mr. Obama has promised to spell out his own, alternative game plan on Thursday, when he accepts the Democratic nomination for reelection.
On Labor Day, with members of the UAW, the AFL-CIO, and the teachers union in his audience, Mr. Obama defended the role that organized labor has played in the U.S. He says Republicans are wrong to blame unions for our economic woes.
OBAMA: This notion that we should have let the auto industry die and that we should pursue anti-worker policies, in the hopes that unions like yours will unravel, it's part of the same old you're-on-your-own top-down philosophy that says we should just leave everybody to fend for themselves.
HORSLEY: Mr. Obama says that's not the message he wants to send, to voters in Ohio or to the hurricane-drenched residents on the Gulf Coast.
Scott Horsley, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Super Bowl XLVII will be a never-before matchup of teams coached by two brothers.
The Baltimore Ravens, led by John Harbaugh, will play his younger brother Jim's San Francisco 49ers on Feb. 3 in New Orleans.
Maybe it should be called the Harbowl, as they're saying on NFL.com.
The Ravens are going to the big game thanks to an upset 28-13 win over the New England Patriots Sunday evening in Foxboro, Mass. Earlier in the day, the visiting 49ers beat the Atlanta Falcons, 28-24.
ESPN's "quick takes" on the upcoming game start with the "historic family reunion" and end with how the Super Bowl is expected to be the "last dance" for Ravens' linebacker Ray Lewis.
Hometown newspapers, as you'd expect, are excited:
-- "They wanted the New England Patriots, told the world that they would beat them and then went into their stadium and dominated the second half as no visiting team had ever done." (Baltimore Sun)
-- "The 49ers have done this before, but not in a long time. And never like this." (San Francisco Chronicle)
The Harboys' ... make that Harbaughs' ... teams have met once before. The Ravens beat the 49ers 16-6 on Thanksgiving Day 2011.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.