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Praising the Artemisias!
This year's Herb of the Year* is actually a large and diverse group of plants. Important in medicine, in cooking, and as landscape plants, the artemisias are richly deserving of the honour. They include tarragon, one of the finest and most important ingredients in French cuisine, sweet annie, the source of a medicine crucially important for the prevention and treatment of malaria, and wormwood, the defining ingredient of vermouth, without which the martini could not exist.
Artemis, Greek Goddess of the wilderness and the hunt
Man's connection to artemisia goes back a long way. They are found growing in large expanses throughout the world and surely would have caught the eyes of early hunters and gatherers. According to the Greek myths, Artemis, the goddess of the wilderness and of the hunt, gave the power of the plant to Chiron the Centaur who was a great healer and teacher. It was Chiron who then developed the first medicines from artemisia.
What would have impressed early herbalists are its bitter qualities. Bitter herbs kick-start the digestive system, stimulate the liver, and boost the immune system. As our lives become more sedentary and our systems become sluggish, we may need to be taking bitter artemisias like wormwood, santonica and mugwort for better health.
Even if adding bitter herbs to food or medicine seems too hard on the tastebuds, adding silver or grey artemisias to the landscape creates a beautiful, serene effect. Many artemisias are hardy and drought tolerant, and adapt very well to many garden situations.
The Artemisias: A Cast of Characters
More 400 species of artemisias are known to botanists. And from those 400 or so species many more varieties were developed by selection and breeding. Let's look at a few of the more interesting species and varieties.
Ask a gardener what artemisias are good for and he or she will point to the garden where grey and silver artemisias are planted for their aesthetic value. But he or she may be surprised to know that artemisias are useful in the kitchen too. That's because the artemisias used in the kitchen are not usually called "artemisia", nor are they silver or grey.
French tarragon
(Artemisia dracunculus sativa)
By far the brightest culinary star among the artemisias is French tarragon (
Artemisia dracunculus
). In ways it is so different from other artemisias. It is the piece de resistance of French cuisine, essential in sauces such as bearnaise, hollandaise and mousseline, and used in vinaigrettes, omelettes, marinated meats and poultry stuffing. Esteemed for its sweet anise-licorice flavour when fresh, the flavour and aroma disappear when the herb is dried. Yet when you think of artemisias, a group of mostly bitter plants, it is actually surprising that French tarragon has none of the bitterness common to the others. As it turns out, tarragon has close wild relatives that grow in the American West, Eastern Europe and much of temperate Asia, and these wild tarragons are bitter and can't be used in the kitchen.
Just how the French variety first came on the scene is a mystery. Not only does it have that exceptional bitter-free flavour, it is also sterile. For a plant to be sterile means that it flowers but can't produce seeds, and it can only be propagated by division or by cuttings. Meanwhile its fecund wild relatives freely produce seeds, and have over the eons succeeded in spreading across much of the northern hemisphere. This inability to produce seeds means that the French variety owes its existence today to the help of humans. A mutant plant must have been discovered in the wild by humans and kept alive in cultivation for perhaps centuries, maybe even millenia, until today. Without human intervention, that first seedless mutant plant probably would have died out. One can imagine some prehistoric gourmand stumbling upon that first mutant plant in the wild, taking a liking to its vibrant new taste, and deciding to transplant it to his or her garden.
Wild tarragon growing in Nevada
(Artemisia dracunculus)
Today we know that the French variety has twice as many sets of chromosomes as its wild relatives, which suggests that sometime in the past a mutation must have occurred. Something interfered with normal cell division and caused the chromosomes to double in number, from the normal two sets to four sets. Doubling the chromosomes can cause noticeable changes in plants, and may be responsible for the change in tarragon's essential oil profile, changing its aroma and flavour into what we know today. But doubling the chromosomes can also cause serious negative effects such as sterility and the loss of the ability to produce seeds.
Another mutant tarragon became what is known as Russian tarragon, a bitter-free variety that produces seeds like the wild species do, but has none of the flavour and aroma of the French variety. Russian tarragon has ten sets of chromosomes instead of the usual two. In the past, the seed industry foisted this tasteless variety on an unsuspecting public as the real McCoy, but it has no redeeming culinary use. But it does have medicinal properties, and it has been used for a wide variety of illnesses in Eurasia.
European mugwort
(Artemisia vulgaris).
Our fascination with this most famous culinary artemisia, French tarragon, overshadows other artemisias that are used in cooking. Mugwort (
Artemisia vulgaris
) is a herb that was once popular in cooking but deserves another fresh look today. Mugwort is not bitter-free, but it is not too bitter either, and it is used to season foods that are hard to digest. Rich meats and poultry such as goose and duck and game are high in fats and are much improved by the judicious use of mugwort. What happens is the bitter principles in mugwort stimulate the digestive system, causing the bile to flow and helping the system to process fats more efficiently. More efficient digestion reduces indigestion, bloating and discomfort that is often associated with rich foods, and it improves the body's ability to assimilate nutrients. Mugwort, in effect, is like a dietary supplement that you take for better health, and for that reason we think that mugwort has a place in today's overly rich diet. In fact, we think adding herbs like mugwort to foods may help people to lose weight because better digestion means less food is required to supply the nutrients the body needs. Mugwort is a tall hardy perennial that is easy to grow in any sunny or partially sunny location.
Yomogi dumplings made with gelatinous rice.
The Japanese have their own variety of mugwort called yomogi (
Artemisia princeps
). They make delicious dumplings from gelatinous rice flavoured with yomogi leaves. The young leaves and seedlings are also used in soups and salads. Like the European mugwort, yomogi has a trace of bitterness that is essential to the taste and character of the herb. But the bitterness is not dominant, and it allows the underlying flavour of the foods to come through.
Various absinthe and vermouth products, all made with wormwood
Did James Bond know that his favourite cocktail, the martini, owes its existence to artemisia? Did the painter Vincent van Gogh know that the absinthe he drank to excess was made with artemisia? Maybe not, but absinthe is flavoured with Roman wormwood (
Artemisia pontica
) and common wormwood (
Artemisia absinthium
), and those same wormwoods are used to make vermouth, the essential ingredient of the martini. Indeed 'absinthe' is the French word for wormwood and 'wermut' (pronounced 'vermut') is the German word, which goes to show how deep is the connection between the artemisias and some of Europe's classic alcoholic drinks. The liqueur chartreuse is made with black wormwood (
Artemisia genipi
) and other herbs. Another classic European liqueur, genepi, is made with the same black wormwood.
Roman wormwood
(Artemisia pontica)
Common wormwood
(Artemisia absinthium)
Black wormwood
(Artemisia genipi)
It was once thought that wormwood-based drinks are dangerous, and absinthe in particular was banned in Europe and America by 1915. The fear was that thujone, a compound present at very low levels in absinthe, was alleged to cause harmful effects. But those fears have been debunked and the bans on absinthe were lifted in the 1990s.
Artemisias have a long history of use in alcoholic beverages. The forerunners of vermouth and absinthe were fortified wines made by steeping wormwood in wine, a practice that goes back to at least the 15th century in Europe and to as far back as 1,200-1,500 BC in India, Egypt and China.
Herbal bitters made with wormwood. Traditionally served after dinner to help digestion.
Beyond the many aperitifs and liqueurs made with herbs, there are many alcoholic herbal bitters available today, especially in Europe. Herbal bitters were developed for medicinal purposes, going back hundreds or thousands of years. They are made with dozens of herbs but the common thread through most of them is artemisia. It is interesting how bitters are typically taken in Europe: after a heavy dinner the evening would end with a shot of bitters. Bitters help the body to digest the meal, by firing up the digestive system. They help the body process food quickly and help to settle the stomach before retiring for the night. If you have noticed how sleep is less restful when you go to bed with a full stomach, it is because the body is still working hard to process the food. The nerves in the gut are telling the brain, "Hey, we can't sleep yet, we're still busy down here!"
From the French tarragon example we know that artemisias have the potential to change from bitter, wild forms to sweet, highly fragrant forms. The aromatic essential oils can change dramatically with the right natural mutations of the plant's genetic code.
Maybe it is not so surprising then that there are other artemisias with pleasant aromas, despite the preponderance of bitter species. In southern India a highly aromatic herb called "davana" (
Artemisia pallens
) is grown for davana oil that is exported for use in high end perfumery.
Dried davana
(Artemisia pallens)
(Artemisia abrotanum)
Camphor southernwood
(Artemisia camphorata)
Closer to home, many herb gardeners are familiar with the southernwoods, a handful of hardy herbs with soft feathery foliage in a range of scents from lemon, fruity, to camphor. The standard variety (
Artemisia abrotanum
) has a lovely fruity odor and can reach as high as 2 m (7 ft). Citrus southernwood has a slightly different aroma profile with hints of lemon along with the more complex fruity backdrop of the standard variety. Camphor southernwood is a different species altogether (
Artemisia camphorata
) and is low growing, rarely exceeding 60 cm (2ft). As you might expect its foliage has a camphor-like scent, yet it is surprisingly pleasant.
Smudge stick made with sagebrush, one of the 'white sages' traditionally used by native Americans.
Artemisias are important to native Americans for traditional ceremonial use. Dried leaves tied into small bundles called 'smudge sticks' are burned to purify the ritual area. Like incense, a burning smudge stick releases fragrant essential oils into the air. These volatilized oils often have antibacterial and antifungal properties, which may hint of why smudging is associated with purification. The main herb used for smudging is 'white sage'. But 'white sage' differs in the different regions and among the different tribes. In California, a true sage,
Salvia apiana
, is 'white sage'. But in the colder northern states where
Salvia apiana
does not grow, artemisias are used instead, and are known as 'white sage' also. Big sagebrush or desert sage (
Artemisia tridentata
), is the 'white sage' across the mountainous West, while prairie wormwood (
Artemisia ludoviciana
) (also known as silver wormwood or western mugwort) is the 'white sage' of the prairies and of eastern North America.
Big sagebrush or desert sage
(Artemisia tridentata tridentata)
Prairie wormwood
(Artemisia ludoviciana)
Humans first used artemisias for medicine as far back as 3,500 years ago, and probably much earlier. According to Greek legend artemisia was the first herb to be used for medicine. Even if you believe the Greek legends are more fancy than fact, it is not hard to imagine that an artemisia might well have been one of the first plants used for human health. For early hunters and gatherers the large expanses of aromatic artemisias growing across Eurasia would have been a constant temptation to try. And it probably didn't take them long to discover that artemisias could make them feel better – a lot better.
Adult beef tapeworm
(Taenia saginata).
Almost immediately their digestion would have improved. Early hunters faced a constant battle with worms and other intestinal parasites from the meat they ate, something we no longer worry about because our meat is government inspected to ensure it is sanitary. Taking wormwood would have cleared those intestinal infestations because wormwood is a powerful vermifuge, or an agent that expels worms. Free of parasites they would have felt stronger and healthier.
This discovery that wormwood could make you feel better would have had a huge impact in health terms among the early peoples, equivalent to the modern impact of vaccines or antibiotics. The knowledge would have spread far and wide. Indeed, we know from the folkloric record that wormwood and other artemisias were used by diverse peoples across the globe to treat digestive problems. While Europeans and Asians mainly relied on wormwoods and santonica (
Artemisia cina
, as well as
A. chamaemelifolia
A. pauciflora
), native Americans used the many sagebrushes that grow throughout the American West for the same purpose.
(Artemisia chamaemelifolia)
Russian santonica
(Artemisia pauciflora)
Sweet Annie wormwood
(Artemisia annua)
In recent decades another artemisia has entered the medical limelight. The aromatic herb sweet annie (
Artemisia annua
) has become the source of a critically important medicine for the treatment of malaria. In areas of the world where the parasite that causes malaria (and is spread by mosquitoes) is resistant to antimalarial drugs, a compound extracted from sweet annie is our last line of defense. If it weren't for that compound, artemisinin, and its chemical derivatives, large parts of the tropics would be unsafe to travel to, and the full devastating impact of malaria on the local people would return.
Artemisias have other medical uses in modern herbal medicine. Wormwood is used for loss of appetite, upset stomach, intestinal spasms, and for the gall bladder. It is also used for fever, liver disease, to stimulate sweating, and as a sex tonic.
Moxa burning on acupuncture point. Moxa is made with dried mugwort (
Artemisia princeps
A. vulgaris
A curious Oriental practice is to burn moxa on the body, a practice known as moxibustion. Moxa is dried mugwort pressed into small cones or sticks. Both the Japanese mugwort (
Artemisia princeps
) and the European variety (
Artemisia vulgaris
) are used for this purpose. The burning cones or sticks are placed on acupuncture points in order to stimulate the flow of
), much like needles do in acupuncture. Sometimes the moxa is pierced with a needle and the needle with the burning moxa is stuck into the patient. Practitioners say moxibustion is effective for the treatment of chronic problems and what is categorized in Oriental medicine as "deficient conditions" or weakness. It is also effective for age-related problems among the elderly. There is even evidence it can be used to turn breech babies.
Artemisia garden in Los Alamos. A wave of artemisia surrounds patches of Russian sage and yellow yarrow. © 2008 Bob Walker
The greens, greys and silvers of the artemisias offer a palette of colours and textures that can be woven into any landscape to create a beautiful serene setting. With few exceptions artemisias are hardy perennials that tolerate a wide range of growing conditions. Many can thrive in dry, poor soils, making them excellent choices for xeriscaping, the art of gardening with reduced water. But the artemisias insist on good water drainage, so where rainfall is high and the soil is heavy, it is important to add sand or gravel so water drains from the roots easily. Sloping the garden bed helps too.
Silver King wormwood
(Artemisia ludoviciana)
Silver Queen wormwood
(Artemisia ludoviciana)
Silver Mound wormwood
(Artemisia schmidtiana)
Some of the most useful artemisias for landscaping are the well known cultivars 'Silver King', 'Silver Queen', 'Silver Mound' and 'Powis Castle'. 'Silver King' is a robust cultivar developed from the wild prairie wormwood (
Artemisia ludoviciana
), one of the sacred species used as 'white sage' by native Americans. It forms dense, almost white ghost-like clumps about 1 m (3 ft) tall. 'Silver Queen' is also a prairie wormwood, but it forms low silvery patches only 30 cm (1 ft) high. 'Silver Mound' is low growing too, but it comes from a different species (
Artemisia schmidtiana
). Its soft, feathery leaves are so inviting to touch you'll won't be able to keep your hands off of it. A new golden version, introduced in 2014, is called 'Ever Goldy'. But we prefer to call it "Gold Mound wormwood" because it is a perfect complement to 'Silver Mound'. 'Powis Castle' is another striking artemisia that grows in shrubby mounds 60-90 cm (2-3 ft) high. It is popular for landscape use because of its outstanding colour and shape. In 1993 it was awarded an Award of Garden Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society. No one is sure of its origin but it is presumed to be a hybrid between common wormwood (
Artemisia absinthium
) and a North African species known as tree wormwood (
Artemisia arborescens
). This parentage, if true, may explain why 'Powis Castle' is not quite as hardy as other artemisias. It is hardy in USDA zones 6-9, which less hardy than common wormwood (zones 3-9) and more hardy than tree wormwood (zones 8-9). Still, it is often grown in colder zones even though it may not come back every year and may need replanting every few years.
Gold Mound wormwood
(Artemisia schmidtiana)
Powis Castle wormwood
(Artemisia cv.)
Tree wormwood
(Artemisia arborescens)
The just mentioned tree wormwood (
Artemisia arborescens
) is special case among the artemisias. It grows as a small tree, sending up a woody stem that develops a stately mini canopy of silver-grey foliage. It behaves very well in containers, reaching just 1 m (3-4 ft) or so, making it an elegant specimen plant for containers on balconies, patios or terraces. But in many areas it is tender and must be wintered indoors. A Moroccan immigrant once told us that this is the species that Moroccans depend on for traditional medicinal use.
Silver sagebrush
(Artemisia cana)
Black sagebrush
(Artemisia nova)
Dwarf sagebrush
(Artemisia arbuscula)
The iconic sagebrushes of the American West, covering huge expanses of dryland, are probably too common and too wild to be thought of as landscape plants. But we think they deserve another look as possible garden plants. In these times of increasing scarcity and cost of water, when some counties of the American Southwest have banned the use of water for lawns and gardens, these richly aromatic plants could become horticultural saviours. We think breeders will develop improved garden varieties from them in the future; but for now, the wild species are definitely worth trying. But make sure they get excellent drainage because like the wormwood they don't like wet feet. Some of the more interesting American sagebrushes to try are silver sagebrush (
Artemisia cana
), black sagebrush (
Artemisia nova
), dwarf sagebrush (
Artemisia arbuscula
), and the previously mentioned desert sage or big sagebrush (
Artemisia tridentata
). Two close cousins of big sagebrush are mountain sagebrush (
Artemisia tridentata vaseyana
) and Wyoming sagebrush (
Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis
), and they are worth trying too. An Asian species, white sagebrush (
Artemisia lercheana
), from the vast steppes of central Asia, is an outstanding choice for the dry garden.
Mountain sagebrush
(Artemisia tridentata vaseyana)
Wyoming sagebrush
(Artemisia tridentata wyomingensis)
White sagebrush
(Artemisia lercheana)
Homemade bug spray made with wormwood.
Finally, it is worth mentioning that the artemisias, with their rich aromas and bitter qualities, are the product of thousands of years of pitched battle with pests. If a plant is growing in dry areas where growth is limited by the availability of water, then it has to make darn sure that any leaves and stems and flowers it produces don't get eaten up. The artemisias have, in effect, waged chemical warfare on pests, throwing up all sorts of essential oils and bitter principles that have deterrence value or can actually kill bugs and bacteria. And it turns out that we can put these munitions to work in the garden by planting artemisias next to other plants that don't have defenses. This is what is called companion planting, where a plant is planted to help another. It is even possible to make homemade sprays from wormwood to help control pests.
If we have sung the praises of artemisias well, you'll want to try growing some yourself – we hope! Richters carries a great selection of popular and rare artemisias, over 30 species and varieties in all. Here pictured below are more of the amazing artemisias that we carry.
White mugwort
(Artemisia lactiflora)
African wormwood
(Artemisia afra)
Alpine wormwood
(Artemisia alpina)
Beach wormwood
(Artemisia stelleriana)
Dog wormwood
(Artemisia keiskeana)
Fringed wormwood
(Artemisia frigida)
Hakusan wormwood
(Artemisia lagocephala)
Redfoot wormwood
(Artemisia rubripes)
Ukranian wormwood
(Artemisia hololeuca)
*About the Herb of the Year™ Program
Each year the International Herb Association celebrates the Herb of the Year™ as part of its program to raise public awareness of herbs and how they enhance our lives. The IHA's Horticulture Committee selects herbs that are outstanding in at least two of three major categories: medicinal, culinary, or decorative. Herb societies, groups, and organizations, around the world, work together to educate the public about these herbs throughout the year. The IHA publishes a book annually on the year's Herb of the Year™, featuring material contributed by members on growing, uses, botany, history and recipes for each year's herb. The public may purchase the book on the IHA's website. For more information about the IHA and its Herb of the Year program, please visit the IHA's website at
Copyright © 1997-2024 Otto Richter and Sons Limited. All rights reserved.


text:
Problem: In Vista or Windows 7 the game halts stating that it's missing a required DLL file 'd3drm.dll'
Resolution: This is a dll that Microsoft used to include in their 95/98/2K/XP O.S. but has decided not to include it starting with Vista.Many games and applications use it so you may also see this for other programs written before Vista.Just download the DLL here and copy it you the same directory the game exe file is installed to. For Fortress of Flags the default install is to 'c:\Program Files\Fortress of Flags' to resolve the error.
Problem: The game locks up/crashes with an 'Error 6' message when I try to change the map and or the game states 'wrong army' when I tell it to randomize flag placement.
Resolution: This seems to happen in some older installations of XP only. Simply right click on the games shortcut icon and choose properties, then select the compatibility tab and check the Run this program in compatibility mode for: box and select Windows 98 / Windows Me. After you make this setting click 'OK' to save this setting and close the properties dialog box. The game should run correctly after making this change.
Problem: The graphics look wonky! the red army banner starts off okay then blows up to a big slanted mass and moves when I press the arrow keys.
Resolution: This is corrected by updating your video drivers to their latest certified version.
Problem: I cannot connect using TCP/IP mode for multiplayer.
Resolution: This is likely due to a firewall or router configuration that isn't allowing users outside the local network in. If you can, try to establish a VPN connection into the host players network before playing. Your other option is to use HTTP mode.
Problem: I don't see any open hosts when I look for multiplayer HTTP games.
Resolution: This means no one is currently waiting for a client to connect. Try posting some times you'd like to play on the forum to see if anyone else would like to look for your game at that specified time. Use the forum to arrange a good time. Also, give copies of this game to friends who you'd like to see playing online. The more people who hear about it, the better chance you'll start seeing more HTTP mode games hosted.
If this document doesn't address your problem please contact firstname.lastname@example.com via e-mail and give as many details as possible explaining the issue you have (attach screen shots if possible.)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
You are here
With active supervision and some basic safety tips, every day at the playground can be a walk in the park.
The Hard Facts
Falls are the most common type of playground injury, accounting for more than 75 percent of all playground-related injuries. Lack of or improper supervision is associated with approximately 45 percent of playground-related injuries.
Top Tips
- Actively supervise children on playgrounds. It won't be hard – they'll probably be calling for you to watch them climb, jump and swing.
- Take your kids to playgrounds with shock-absorbing surfaces such as rubber, synthetic turf, sand, pea gravel, wood chips or mulch. If your child falls, the landing will be more cushioned than on asphalt, concrete, grass or dirt.
- Dress appropriately for the playground. Remove necklaces, purses, scarves or clothing with drawstrings that can get caught on equipment and pose a strangulation hazard. Even helmets can be dangerous on a playground, so save those for bikes.
- Teach children that pushing, shoving or crowding while on the playground can be dangerous.
Learn More
Play more and worry less by learning more about how to keep kids safe at the playground.


text:
President Shirley M. Tilghman and Provost Christopher L. Eisgruber have proposed a set of initiatives that maps out an international vision for Princeton University.
In the words of the faculty committee's recommendations upon which they based the plans, the goal is to transform Princeton into "a center for a multitude of scholarly networks humming with activity and effectively responding to changes in scholarship and the vagaries of world affairs, while creatively defining the cutting edges of global research."
"That is the right international vision for Princeton, and we should pursue it," Tilghman and Eisgruber wrote in an Oct. 17 report titled "Princeton in the World."
The document calls for the creation of Global Initiatives Funds to support international collaboration and work abroad for Princeton faculty and graduate students as well as a Global Scholars program that will bring a cadre of international professors to campus for recurring visits. More than $1 million a year from annual giving contributions has been set aside to immediately launch these initiatives. Donor support will be sought to establish the funds on a permanent basis.
University leaders also intend to seek resources to support the expansion of study abroad programs for undergraduates so that all students will have the opportunity to incorporate an international experience into their education.
Other plans include establishing a central "hub" for international initiatives in Frick Hall after the chemistry department moves from there to its new building. Further leadership and advocacy for international endeavors will be provided by a new faculty governance board -- the Council on International Teaching and Research -- and by a new associate or vice provost for international initiatives.
Unique strengths
The report draws on the work of the President's Advisory Committee on Internationalization. Tilghman convened the faculty committee last year to investigate how Princeton should respond to the phenomenon of globalization, which is rapidly changing what students must learn and how researchers can best achieve their goals. She asked the committee to prepare a confidential report on how to "develop a set of strategic and specific measures that will enable the University to fully realize [its] aspiration to be an American university with a broad international vision."
The committee was chaired by Jeremy Adelman, chair of the Department of History and the Walter Samuel Carpenter III Professor in Spanish Civilization and Culture, and Anne-Marie Slaughter, dean of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and the Bert G. Kerstetter '66 University Professor of Politics and International Affairs.
The report also includes recommendations requested from Dean of the College Nancy Malkiel and Associate Dean of the College Nancy Kanach on how Princeton can enhance its study abroad programs.
Both sets of recommendations recognize that Princeton has unique characteristics and strengths that must be considered in crafting any plans for globalization.
"We cannot simply borrow strategies that have been deployed by other American institutions, because we are different in several important ways from our peers," Tilghman and Eisgruber wrote. "Princeton focuses more on fundamental research and on its undergraduate and doctoral programs, without large professional schools in law, business and medicine that have played a leading role in international ventures at other American universities. Likewise, Princeton is smaller than many of its peers. Our size facilitates cross-disciplinary collaboration, but it also requires us to choose carefully when we decide what kinds of overseas programs we most want.
"Another constraint at the undergraduate level is Princeton's required independent work -- junior papers and a senior thesis -- that limit students' choices for study abroad," they continued. "Perhaps most importantly, Princeton's ethos nurtures and depends upon a rich and demanding form of community. We insist that our faculty be present on the campus and in the classroom, and our students often develop such strong loyalties to the institution that they are reluctant to spend time away from it."
With these distinctions in mind, the Adelman-Slaughter Committee made recommendations organized around three principles:
• Internationalization should be nimble and flexible, avoiding heavy sunk costs in institutions. The committee specifically counseled against investments in satellite campuses.
• The framework for internationalization should enable and support faculty-driven activity. The University should permit research and teaching priorities to shape the ventures it launches.
• Internationalization requires an infusion of leadership, resources and commitment. The committee called upon University leaders to raise substantial new funds to support international initiatives, and it highlighted the need for effective governance mechanisms and administrative leadership to ensure that these resources are well deployed.
'Networks and flows'
According to the report, the three principles share a common theme: the importance of investing in Princeton's general capacity for international exchanges and research, rather than concentrating on any particular region, country or field of research.
"The committee called upon the University to encourage 'networks and flows' of faculty and students worldwide, lowering the barriers that inhibit our students and faculty from going abroad, and for scholars from other countries coming to Princeton," Tilghman and Eisgruber wrote. "By increasing the 'porosity' of the campus through increases in both export and import of people and ideas, we will ensure that Princeton's scholarly energy will be felt throughout the world."
Specific committee recommendations included:
• Creating a Global Scholars program, a new set of faculty positions that would bring international professors to campus on a recurring basis. The scholars would be expected to teach or co-teach courses; participate in ongoing workshops; and give at least one public presentation, in a workshop or lecture, during each visit, which might be for one semester in three consecutive years or half a semester in multiple years.
• Facilitating international flows of graduate students by providing travel grants and fellowships to Princeton students who need to extend their term of study to do research abroad; funds to defray the costs of having visiting foreign graduate students; and short-term housing.
• Establishing a Global Initiatives Fund to nurture new international ventures. Funding might be provided in the form of: seed grants to catalyze important research initiatives based on international collaboration between Princeton faculty and colleagues overseas; support for global networks that enable Princeton graduate students to spend significant periods in partner institutions abroad conducting research under the guidance of senior foreign faculty; and support that permits Princeton students and faculty to travel together to work for periods of time in foreign institutions and at field sites.
Tilghman and Eisgruber announced that the Global Initiatives Funds will be established immediately with annual giving contributions and will support the Global Scholars program as well as graduate student exchanges, seed grants for new ventures, global networks and other activities. Support to establish the funds on a permanent basis will be sought from donors.
Administration and support
To oversee the international initiatives, the University will create a Council on International Teaching and Research that is of comparable status to other major faculty councils, such as the Council on Science and Technology and the Council of the Humanities.
The new council will be charged with continuing the strategic planning process begun by the Adelman-Slaughter Committee; overseeing the distribution of new resources to support international visitors and projects; reviewing University policies for establishing international collaborations and partnerships; identifying changes to policies when such amendments are needed to encourage more international activity; and monitoring the University's progress in meeting its international objectives. The report spells out the membership of the council, which will represent all four divisions of the faculty.
Responsibility for the University's study abroad programs and international internships will remain under the auspices of the dean of the college, but the council might assist the dean's office by, for example, helping to fund new educational projects overseas and assisting with the development of new study abroad programs.
Implementing the new ventures will be the responsibility of a new associate or vice provost for international initiatives, who will serve as secretary to the council. The committee recommended, and Tilghman and Eisgruber concurred, that a high-level administrator would be needed to collaborate with other Princeton administrators to make the University more hospitable to international ventures; ensure that the needs of international projects and visitors are considered when new policies are crafted; and help to negotiate agreements with foreign institutions.
Members of the committee also stressed the importance of establishing a visible and central place for international initiatives at Princeton that would bring together various centers, programs, institutes and offices engaged in international initiatives. That "hub" is likely to be located in Frick Hall after the Department of Chemistry moves into its new building.
Frick is expected to be the home of the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies, which was launched in 2003 to conduct collaborative, interdisciplinary research and teaching on issues of global importance, and the expanded Office of International Programs, part of the Office of the Dean of the College. It also would include other facilities to support the University's internationalization efforts, such as classrooms with videoconferencing capabilities.
The committee also recommended that the University create not only a physical center, but also a virtual equivalent on the University's website where information on international initiatives can be found in one place. The committee suggested that a public document summarizing the initiatives be produced as well.
Study abroad
Because the dean of the college had made recommendations on how to expand the undergraduate study abroad program, the Adelman-Slaughter Committee was not asked to report on that topic.
"The committee nevertheless underscored the importance of increasing the proportion of undergraduates who have a substantial experience abroad during their course of study at Princeton, and considered an expanded and proactive study abroad office to be an integral and essential part of their agenda for 'internationalizing' Princeton," Tilghman and Eisgruber wrote.
The president and the provost quoted from a report that Dean Nancy Malkiel made to the Academic Planning Group last year: "Like other leading international universities, Princeton has a responsibility to produce globally competent citizens. Global competence -- defined as a combination of substantive knowledge about international matters, an empathy with and appreciation of other cultures, foreign language proficiency, and a practical ability to function in other cultures -- should be a part of every Princeton undergraduate's education." She concluded by stating that Princeton should begin expecting all students to incorporate an international experience into their education.
The University has been expanding its study abroad program in recent years, and the question now is how best to continue to do that, Tilghman and Eisgruber wrote. "At Princeton, our most successful study abroad programs have emerged out of the creative efforts of dedicated faculty and supportive departments," they noted, citing a program in Panama offered by the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and a summer seminar in Vietnam organized by the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies.
Malkiel has recommended that Princeton create a wide variety of options for study abroad, during the semester or during the summer, in courses that yield academic credit or in summer internships that provide experiences of a different kind. The University also could consider ways in which students could go abroad during a "gap year" between their high school and college careers.
"The main message from the dean of the college is that, if we are to maximize the number of Princeton students who go abroad as part of their education, we must be flexible about how they go abroad," Tilghman and Eisgruber wrote.
New resources will be sought to encourage faculty members and departments to design new study abroad programs; to support these new programs and expand existing study abroad and international internship programs; and to provide financial aid for students who could not otherwise afford to study or work abroad. In addition, administrative support will be needed for significant additions to the office staff to advise students, assess external programs and collaborate with departments to create new opportunities for students to study abroad.
The next step, the president and provost said, is to seek funds to support this ambitious and forward-looking plan.
"These recommendations chart a course that Princeton must pursue if it aspires to sustain or enhance its standing in the world and provide excellence in teaching and research that will make a real difference in the decades ahead," Tilghman and Eisgruber wrote. "We are pleased to endorse these proposals, and we are delighted to announce that Princeton will immediately begin fundraising to implement them."


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Within the different collections of: Permanent, Studio, St. Pauls and the recent Study Collection – Frama Studio operates in various creative fields and directions from Furniture, Lighting, Apothecary, Books, Apparel and Kitchens. They all have in common that they focus on natural materials, simple geometry and a general appreciation of permanency. The pieces within the collections signal a return to basics, where the design appearance aims to be honest and simplified. Working within the area of design archetypes, Frama represents a graphical and straight forward aesthetic approach to design.
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As promised, I created a tutorial on the look I wore in the last video where I debuted the Sedona Lace Vortex Brush Collection. I showed you how to complete an entire look using just the brushes in the collection and I also showed you multiple ways of using each brush. This is a great look for a hot summer date and I'm also announcing my huge giveaway of 4 complete brush apron sets.
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Check out the video!
The final look!
Here's What Products I Used and which products they were applied with:
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-Eve Pearl Tan Powder Duo - Flat Top Buffer Face Brush for Foundation and Jumbo Fan Face Brush to Set
-Eve Pearl Medium Salmon Concealer - Synthetic Blender Eye Brush of Flat Synthetic Eye Brush
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-Stardel #43 Lashes
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-Eyeko Soho Lipgloss - Capped Lip Brush
You can find the Vortex Brush Collection at www.sedonalace.com
You can also use code renren for $4.00 off your order.
Time for the giveaway!
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- Follow me and Sedona Lace on twitter. I'll announce the contest next week. First to correctly answer a trivia question wins!
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FTC Disclosure: Products sponsored for contest. I am affiliated with the company. These are my honest thoughts and opinions.
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I love baking with bananas.It gives such a unique taste to the baked goods that even people who detest banana do not seem to mind the hint of it in the cakes/muffins.One of my first baking recipes was this Eggless Banana Nut Muffin.I would highly recommend it to beginner bakers as it gives such perfect and tasty result each and every time.
Bananas are great egg substitutes and usually mashed bananas are used in place of eggs in cakes/cupcakes.I somehow wanted to stick to the original recipe as Nags felt this was the Best Banana Cake.
Only change I did was to add salted butter,as I use that in every bake of mine and accidentally added the salt too.So there was a slight salty overtone[which only I could detect,btw]but otherwise,the cake's a winner.I skipped the frosting too and made the cake using my good ol' electric hand beater.I am planning to go eggless next time by adding an extra banana or by adding yogurt in place of the egg.
Is it the most fabulous Banana Cake??I would have to try this again with unsalted butter to confirm as I felt this lacked the Banana-ey punch.I would go back to my trusted recipe as my go-to Banana Cake.
The Most Fabulous Banana Cake
Recipe source - Belinda Jaffrey's Mix and Bake,adapted from Nags' Best Banana Cake
Flour/Maida - 3/4 cup / 110 grams
Baking powder - 1 1/2 tsp
Baking soda - 1/4 tsp
Salt - 1/2 tsp[skip if using salted butter]
Banana - 1 large,very ripe
Sugar - 3/4 cup
Egg - 1,room temperature
Butter - 1/4 cup/50 grams
Buttermilk - 50 ml [Make buttermilk by adding 50ml minus 1 tsp milk to a bowl.Add 1 tsp vinegar and let it sit for 10 minutes,buttermilk is ready]
Vanilla extract - 1 tsp
Preheat oven to 350F / 180C.
Grease a 9" cake pan or a Bundt pan,like I used.
Put the flour, baking powder, salt, and soda into a bowl and whisk together with a fork or a balloon whisk.
Chop the bananas and mash with a fork.Make sure the banana is really really ripe.
Add the sugar and egg to the mashed banana and beat well. Then add the butter and beatfor another minute until the mixture is thick and creamy.
Next, add the buttermilk and vanilla extract and beat until just blended.
Add the dry ingredients to the wet ones and fold until just blended. Don't overdo the mixing part.
Scoop into greased pan and smooth out the top layer evenly.
Bake for about 40 mins or until the top turns golden brown and the cake passes the skewer test. Remove and let cool completely.
Remember I baked a Bundt Cake on November 15th,International Bundt Day??Mary-The Food Librarian sent me the "I Like Big Bundts" button which I am so proudly showing off here!!
Sending this to Ally's event Delicious Desserts!!


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Last week I bought a tin of hibiscus tea, and the moment I looked into my first freshly brewed cup, I knew it was destined to be a star ingredient in something sweet!
I recently read that infusing loose tea with butter creates a strong flavor for use in baked goods. So, my first order of business – make hibiscus tea butter. It was so easy and turned out beautifully! It's hard to explain, but there was something very special about preparing the tea butter. I immediately wanted to use as much of it as possible. My first thought – shortbread.
As I mixed the magenta-hued butter into sugar and flour, I witnessed a magical color transformation from bright pink-red to purple. This kind of surprise is the best kind of surprise.
Now, in theory this steeping method should work with just about any tea, but I can only vouch for Republic of Tea's Natural Hibiscus Superflower in bags. Since I didn't purchase the loose tea, I just opened the tea bags and poured the contents into a 1/4 cup measure. I can't wait to try this method with an Earl Grey and varieties of my new favorite brand of tea- Kusmi.
A couple of happenings:
- I'm so excited to be featured in Country Woman's "Blog and Crafter Spotlight". For those Country Woman Magazine subscribers, look for one of my recipes in their June/July issue.
- Amazon is shipping my book early! Holy wow. So many people already have their copy and I've been receiving so many kind messages about it. I'm very grateful to those supporting my fun and unconventional baking book.
I really love the raspberry-rhubarb scent that the tea butter gave the cookie, and the poppy seeds give it a subtle texture.
These are very nice with… tea!
Hibiscus Tea & Poppy Seed Shortbread
Yield: Twenty four 3-inch cut-out cookies [click for printable version]
First, make the hibiscus tea butter.
(I first read about this method on Stefani Pollack's awesome blog "Cupcake Project")
1 pound, 8 tablespoons unsalted butter cut into pieces
¼ cup Republic of Tea Hibiscus Superflower tea (about 20 bags)
- Place butter in a medium saucepan over low heat. When butter begins to melt and pool in the bottom of the saucepan, pour in the loose tea. Stir occasionally. When butter is completely melted and mixture is hot, remove from heat source. Allow the tea to steep for several minutes until it is a bright, red-pink.
- Place a large sieve over a bowl and line the sieve with a tea towel (one that you don't mind getting stained). Pour melted tea butter through the towel-lined sieve and let stand for a few minutes. Gather the towel together at the top and squeeze out as much of the melted butter as possible (you may want to use gloves, as this tea will stain hands).
- Place bowl of melted butter in the refrigerator until partially firm, then stir until the butter is a consistent color. Cover and keep refrigerated until ready for use. The shortbread cookie recipe requires one pound of tea butter, be sure to measure it out before you begin making the cookies. You will have a small amount of tea butter left over.
Make the cookies:
(adapted from the SprinkleBakes book!)
1 pound prepared hibiscus tea butter
1/2 cup granulated sugar
1 cup confectioners' sugar
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
4 cups all-purpose flour, plus more for rolling
¼ teaspoon salt
¼ cup poppy seeds plus extra for sprinkling
2-4 tablespoons cold water
- In a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, beat the butter and granulated sugar until fluffy.
- Add the confectioners' sugar and beat until incorporated.
- Add the vanilla extract and mix again.
- Add 2 cups of the flour and salt and mix on low speed until crumbly. Add the remaining 2 cups of flour and mix again on low speed. Stir in the poppy seeds on the lowest mixer setting. Mixture will be crumbly. Add cold water 1 tablespoon at a time until a stiff dough forms. Dough should not be sticky.
- Gather the dough together with your hands and place on parchment paper. Divide into two pieces. Roll each piece of dough between sheets of parchment until flattened to about a 1-inch thickness.
- Wrap the dough in plastic film and place the pieces on a cookie sheet or jelly roll pan. Refrigerate for 30 minutes. This dough will firm up quickly because of the high butter content.
- Preheat the oven to 325°F. Line a cookie sheet with parchment paper.
- While it's still cold, roll out the dough to a ¼-inch thickness. If the dough is difficult to roll, let it stand at room temperature for a few minutes until it is pliable. Use rolling-pin guide bands for evenly rolled shortbread.
- Cut the dough into desired shapes and place them on cookie sheets spaced 1 ½ inches apart. Sprinkle cut-outs with extra poppy seeds. Transfer the pans of cut-outs to the freezer and chill until frozen solid. This will help the cut-outs keep their shape while baking. Remove pans from freezer and bake until fragrant:
• 7 to 10 minutes for small cookies
• 12 to 15 minutes for medium cookies
• 17 to 20 minutes for large cookies


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Saturday, May 1, 2010
Is It Reasonable to Believe that Jesus Came Back from the Dead
28 comments:
- Steven Carr said...
Does 'return from the dead' mean you leave your dead body behind?
1 Corinthians 15 never says that 'dead bodies' rise from the grave, or that dead bodies are raised.
Christians claim that when Paul talks about 'the dead' he means 'dead bodies'.
This is why modern translations will put the word 'body' in bits of 1 Corinthians 15 where the word is not in the Greek.
They claim that if it talks about the dead being sown perishable and the dead being raised imperishable, it must mean 'dead bodies'.
So does 'return from the dead' mean 'return from the dead body'?
After all Christians claim their Bibles can add the word 'body' whenever they see the word 'dead', even if the word for body is not in the Greek....
So if Jesus returned from the dead, then he must have returned from his dead body.
Of course, Paul says flat-out that Jesus became 'a life-giving spirit', so Christians are desperate to try to find some way of claiming Paul is talking about bodies.
Simply adding the word 'body' into their translations is by far the easiest way to get around Paul never saying dead bodies are raised..... - May 1, 2010 at 11:41 PM
- Steven Carr said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- May 1, 2010 at 11:41 PM
- Unknown said...
Good debate, I thought you both did well, but Russell lost me a bit early on with his "Inference to the best explanation" thing. Just because something is the best explanation I don't see how that means that it's likely to be true. E.g. you could have a pool of 1001 explanations, 1000 of them have a low probability of being true and one of them is twice as likely to be true as the each of the others; you still can't have much confidence that the best explanation is likely to be true; it's the best explanation not a good explanation. Have I misunderstood what "Inference to the best explanation" is?
- May 2, 2010 at 4:24 AM
- Ken Pulliam said...
This was interesting. I was disappointed in Russel as he seemed to not have an original thought but was merely parroting William Craig.
I liked your presentation as it was somewhat original, at least in terms of the debates I have seen. The weakness was that you tried to cram too much information into a short time. Its better to pick out a couple of your strongest arguments and hammer them home. YOu also made a couple of factual errors which probably no body in the room recognized. If I remember correctly you said the earliest mss. fragment was from 250 CE. Its p52 and its actually from 125-150 CE. But it is only a few verses from John 18. I think, although I can't remember the exact details, that you misrepresented somewhat the way the canon was formulated.
All in all, though, you did a great job and I hope this won't be your last debate.
I also like the point you made about a person being on trial for murder and the two witnesses who testify against him. That was excellent and I think really brought home to people how truly weak the evidence is.
I also liked your point that one does not have to come up with a detailed explanation of the event in order to dismiss it. Just as we don't know how to explain some of the phenomena claimed in Salem, MA , we are still justified in dismissing the witchcraft claim.
As you pointed out, the historical evidence is so sketchy and limited with regard to the resurrection, that it is impossible to know exactly what may have happened and how the stories developed, etc. There is just not enough info to go on. - May 2, 2010 at 5:17 AM
- NAL said...
"The best explanation of these facts is that God raised Jesus from the dead."
WLC uses this same line. But there is a "stacking of the deck" going on here. Maybe the best "single" explanation is God, but there are better different explanations for each of the different facts. To require that one explanation explain the different facts is like requiring one explanation for disease, origin of species, and earthquakes. By the WLC logic, God is the best explanation for disease, species, and earthquakes. Instead of germs, evolution, and plate tectonics. - May 2, 2010 at 11:16 AM
- Matt said...
I think, given that the crowd, time limitations, and topic were all working against him, that Prof M did an excellent job.
The crowd and time limitations are self explanatory, but the topic is what I believe did the most damage. How can you effectively argue a single point from the bible when you think the whole thing is bogus? It seems comparable trying to argue that Santa Clause couldn't possible carry enough gifts in his bag for every child in the world.
In order to have the discussion on that specific topic, Prof M had to implicitely acknowledge that other parts of the bible were true, or at least the supposition of a god was an acceptable explanation. It seemed to make him argue from a point of weakness.
Professor DiSilvestro appeared to wallow in a few fallacies while claiming that the best hypothesis was that god raised Jesus from the dead. I agree completely with NAL on that idea. It's completely bogus.
I would have really liked to see both presenters push each other a little bit harder (while remaining respectful, of course) to face the others' criticisms.
All in all, a very enjoyable debate, I look forward to the next one. If I may make a recommendation, -I'd LOVE to see a debate on morality, perhaps a humanism vs. ten commandments sort of debate. :)
Cheers. - May 2, 2010 at 12:35 PM
- Matt McCormick said...
Good point, Foolfodder. I won't concede that the resurrection is an inference to the best explanation, even in the weak sense that you're pointing out. DiSilvestro claimed that the four "facts" needed to be explained and by this principle, the inference to the best explanation was the resurrection. If I deny, and successfully argue (which I think I did) that we should believe these four claims, then the inference to the best explanation never gets off of the ground.
Fortune Teller: the best explanation of my remarkable forecasting skills is that I have psychic powers.
Skeptic: If there are no significant forecasts of any interest, then there's nothing to be explained with psychic powers.
Ken, if you've got a reference to an early Gospel manuscript dated to 125 CE, then I want to see it. I've looked seriously into this question and the oldest extant fragment of a copy of John is from the late 200s.
Matthew, thanks for the input. I'm not sure what you mean about accepting other parts of the Bible, but I make no such concessions here. This discussion was about the evidence we have for the resurrection. I took no other stand about the Bible, and it's not accurate, I think, to suggest that I am implicitly acknowledging anything in it. Want to elaborate?
Thanks all for watching and thinking about this. There will be more.
MM - May 2, 2010 at 7:29 PM
- Matt said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- May 2, 2010 at 8:27 PM
- Matt said...
One of the implicit premises of Dr. DiSilvestro's "four facts" was that god exists. There is no other way to for him to draw his conclusion of the "historical evidence for the resurrection" without that.
What I was getting at is: you were forced to argue against his point without touching that particular premise. Doing that seemed to put you in a position of comparative weakness.
Had you been able to challenge the IP of god's existence, it would have completely blown his argument out of the water. Without challenging that point, it's a much more difficult argument to make. Your points were much better, and extremely devestating to him, but I think allowing that IP was a bad choice.
When discussing historical events, we typically do not allow the presentation of supernatural phenomenae as a legitimate hypothesis. Once that happens you are no longer scientifically addressing historical probability. That's what I'm getting at. The debate was sold as a debate about the historical evidence for the resurrection and the fundamental premise of the one of the presenters was the existence of something supernatural.
I dunno, maybe I'm thinking too much into this, but it seemed that his argument was perfect and 100% valid for believers, and yours was perfect and 100% valid for nonbelievers. Neither argument aggressively addressed the premises of the other, though.
Like I said before, though, I don't think that was for lack of trying, both of you were severly limited on time. - May 2, 2010 at 8:30 PM
- Matt McCormick said...
Thanks, Matthew. That's a bit clearer. But I don't think it's correct. Certainly, Russell believes that God is real. But the confined argument itself doesn't explicitly rely on that. Nor am I conceding God's existence in any way. Here's an objection to his argument suggested by your approach:
DiSilvestro: There are four facts. The best explanation of these 4 facts , because of X, Y, and Z, is that Jesus was resurrected.
McCormick: Jesus couldn't have been resurrected because God doesn't exist. So there's no supernatural being who could have pulled it off.
That's a weird, argument changing approach the whole thing. We weren't arguing the existence of God. He would have given an argument for that, if that was his intent.
You say, "When discussing historical events, we typically do not allow the presentation of supernatural phenomenae as a legitimate hypothesis. Once that happens you are no longer scientifically addressing historical probability. That's what I'm getting at."
But this is circular. The question is: what is the evidence for the resurrection? Your answer: we do not ever allow supernatural claims about things like resurrections as legitimate hypotheses.
This approach just dogmatically rejects the possibility. But surely we have to at least admit the possibility that a resurrection could occur. And if it does, then it must be possible for evidence for it to be communicated historically.
My argument pulls the rug out by denying that we have any claims that are believable enough to even need explaining. My argument completely nullifies his by removing the four claims that his is built on. But you're right, I certainly should have made that much clearer at several points. Debates formats are strange.
Thanks again for the input.
MM - May 2, 2010 at 9:18 PM
- T said...
Awesome debate! I think this is the best respond to WLC's arguments in the debate yet. Even better than Ehrman's. Now you just need to get a debate arranged!
Ken appears to be correct in dating the earliest fragment manuscripts to early second century. Specifically, p52, is dated 125-150.
Looking through my books for more "scholarly" sources I was able to find mention of p52 being the earliest known fragment of the Bible as noted in Hector Avalos' book, "End of Biblical Studies," (p.88). However, no dating is given here. Bart Ehrman in "Misquoting Jesus" (p.88) does say that same and provides the vague date of "early second century" which appears to support Ken's post.
Toby - May 2, 2010 at 9:36 PM
- T said...
I just re-read my opening paragraph....
Let me rewrite that paragraph:
DiSilvestro sounded just like William Lane Craig. I thought your response to WLC's arguments were great. Now maybe a debate between you and Craig (not just someone else rehashing his arguments) can be arranged!
Toby - May 2, 2010 at 9:42 PM
- Matt McCormick said...
Thanks Toby. And thanks for finding the date on that fragment. The fragments from the late 200s I'm thinking about must be a much bigger document with more of the Gospel on it. This tiny 2.5" by 3.5" scrap makes it really clear just what a tiny foundation the whole edifice of modern Christianity is resting on.
Thanks for the kind words. Good to have the work appreciated. My first formal debate. I'm learning. I have no interest in WLC however.
MM - May 2, 2010 at 10:00 PM
- Matt said...
I think I understand better. Thank you for clearing that up. I guess I was trying to put myself in the perspective of an audience member (of either side) and seeing which argument seemed more relevent.
I recognize how circular that argument is now. Oops ;)
I guess with your description, it feels like that debate would have been better addressed to a crowd of academics. Historians and such. Do you think that was the correct "crowd" to aim that specific type of debate (historical evidence) to?
It almost seems like there should have been two debates. One debate on his points, and one on yours. I don't know how differently that would have worked out, but it may have given more time to address his points specifically, and vice versa.
Either way, I'm definitely looking forward to the next one! - May 2, 2010 at 10:12 PM
- Steven Carr said...
The earliest Gospel manuscript does not contain the word 'Jesus'...
Did any Christian in the first century name himself as ever having heard of an empty tomb, Joseph of Arimathea, Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Salome, the other Mary, Martha, Judas, Thomas, Barabbas etc etc?
These people are as well-documented as the second gunman who shot JFK. - May 3, 2010 at 1:31 AM
- Steven Carr said...
How does DiSilvestro explain the undoubted fact that Christian converts openly scoffed at the idea of their god raising corpses?
- May 3, 2010 at 1:34 AM
- Ken Pulliam said...
Matt it is p52 John Ryland's Fragment
- May 3, 2010 at 5:20 AM
- Ken Pulliam said...
I didn't see that Toby had already posted a link to it. Yes, its a tiny fragment but its signficance lies in the fact that before it was found many scholars dated the Gospel of John to the mid or late 2nd century CE because of its highly developed Christology and its apparent Alexandrian influence (Philo). This fragment has made most agree now that the Gospel probably was written very late 1st century or very early 2nd century.
There are couple of other fragments that are dated a little later than p52 but still in the 2nd century.
You are right that no full books are found until the 3rd century.
Matthew made a good point in the comment section: When discussing historical events, we typically do not allow the presentation of supernatural phenomenae as a legitimate hypothesis. Once that happens you are no longer scientifically addressing historical probability. That's what I'm getting at. The debate was sold as a debate about the historical evidence for the resurrection and the fundamental premise of the one of the presenters was the existence of something supernatural.
He is right. Professional historians work under the assumption that the past is like the present and they do not allow supernatural explanations to explain various phenomena. If they were to do that, it would be the end of serious history just as if scientists were allow supernatural explanations in the laboratory, it would be the end of serious science.
Bart Ehrman called WLC on this in a debate. WLC responded with Bayes' Probability Theorem to cloud the issue. Since Ehrman was not expert on Baye's Theorem, he sort of backed down. That is where it would be good to have a tag team debate with people from various disciplines. - May 3, 2010 at 5:32 AM
- Steven Carr said...
So an anonymous person claimed Jesus was resurrected, writing 70 years after the alleged event.
May as well accept anonymous claims that the Bush administration planned 9/11
After all, these claims were made in less than 10 years after the event.....
We still have not one person in history who named himself as seeing an empty tomb, Mary Magdalene, Judas, Thomas, Salome, Joseph of Arimathea, Joanna, Nicodemus, Lazarus, Jairus, Bartimaeus, Barabbas etc etc
Not even Christians had heard of these people until anonymous unsourced Christians suddenly produced Novels where these people existed.
2 Corinthians 5
1Now we know that if the earthly tent we live in is destroyed, we have a building from God, an eternal house in heaven, not built by human hands
Paul reassures Christians scoffing at the idea that their god raises corpses that it doesn't matter for a resurrection whether or not the earthly body is destroyed. - May 3, 2010 at 7:39 AM
- Ken Pulliam said...
I did a post on your debate on my site and also sent it to Apologetics315.com a Christian site that keeps an exhaustive database of Christian vs. nonChristian debates. Hope it gets some wider circulation for you. - May 3, 2010 at 8:53 AM
- Bogdan said...
I find your take on the Resurrection Hypothesis very interesting. The reason why I started to doubt the Resurrection is because I realized that one of the things it requires in order to be true is the existence of Yahweh. Not just any definition of God is going to do the job. Jesus' life and ministry are tied to the God of the Jews. Postulating any other god would make the hypothesis contrived. And I don't see how someone can show that Yahweh exists.
Now concerning your debate, I wished you insisted more on the double standard Christians use when they argue for the Resurrection without taking into account other alleged supernatural events in history that they don't believe happened even if there is more evidence in favor of them than there is for the Resurrection.
I think your argument could become clearer and more compelling if you focused your attention on the way Christians use various explanatory virtues (like explanatory scope, explanatory power, plausibility and so forth) to conclude that Jesus rose from the dead, and than show how, by approaching the Salem Witch Trials the same way, they would have to conclude that the women really were witches. And while the Christian has to use a double standard if he is to claim that Jesus rose from the dead, but the Salem women didn't have any magical powers, the skeptic doesn't have to deal with this problem. What do you think about this?
Now let me congratulate you on a great debate. I think you did a fine job at raising doubt amongst your audience. I hope this won't be your last debate and I'm waiting for your book to come out. Best wishes! - May 3, 2010 at 2:01 PM
- DM said...
- This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
- May 3, 2010 at 4:06 PM
- DM said...
- This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
- May 3, 2010 at 11:45 PM
- Vinny said...
I very much enjoyed your approach, particularly when you offered to accept DiSilvestri,s facts if you could add a few more.
It has always struck me that the "minimal facts" approach to proving the resurrection is the same kind of argument that wacky conspiracy theorists make. For example, the 911 Truthers present some obscure video clips and some uncorroborated witness reports of noises heard. Then they claim that any theory must explain their cherry picked "facts," and only their cherry picked facts. Not surprisingly, the only theory that does is their theory that the Twin Towers were brought down by a controlled demolition. Of course, when all the facts are considered, those few video clips and reports are exposed as anomalies by the overwhelming evidence that terrorist hijackers were responsible.
I would suggest one additional fact to the apologists, and it's a fact that has been accepted by the overwhelming majority of scholars in all fields of science and history: Once you're dead, you're dead.
I also liked the Lourdes analogy although I read on Wikipedia that some 7000 "miracles" have been submitted to the Lourdes Medical Bureau for investigation. I don't know whether there is any estimate for miracles that have been claimed but not submitted. Some theist might claim that you are using too large a denominator in your equation although most biblical literalists are Protestants who won't want to give the Virgin Mary credit for any miracles. - May 4, 2010 at 5:32 AM
- Unknown said...
- This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
- May 4, 2010 at 9:26 AM
- DM said...
- This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
- May 4, 2010 at 2:27 PM
- Matt McCormick said...
DM, you seem like a spambot and not a human. But if you're a human: I can get rid of as many of these incoherent spammy rants as you want to post here--that's why God created the delete key after all. Did you have anything interesting or intelligible to say?
MM - May 4, 2010 at 6:04 PM
- Steven Carr said...
Talking of delete keys, is it true that 'The Lost Symbol' on Dan Brown's keyboard is the Delete key?
That would explain so much. - May 6, 2010 at 4:14 AM


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Dell buyout intrigue heightens as deadline looms (Update)
Michael Dell is about to find out if other bidders think his company is worth more than he does.
The answer could come Friday, which marks the end of a 45-day period that Dell Inc.'s board of directors settled on to allow for offers that might top a Feb. 5 agreement to sell the personal computer maker to CEO Michael Dell and a group of investors for $24.4 billion.
With the deadline looming, buyout specialist Blackstone Group is emerging as the most likely candidate to trump the current bid of $13.65 per share.
Blackstone is so intrigued with the prospect of owning Dell that the firm has been courting former Hewlett-Packard Co. CEO Mark Hurd to run Dell if it decides to mount a hostile takeover attempt, according to a person familiar with the situation. The person asked not to be identified because the discussions between Blackstone and Hurd are considered confidential.
Several other buyout scenarios tying Blackstone to Dell have been leaked to the media this week, another indication that the New York firm is mulling a bid that could scuttle the debt-laden deal that the company reached with Michael Dell and Silver Lake Partners.
Dell Inc. says Friday's deadline for competing offers could be extended if its board believes other suitors would benefit from more time to examine Dell's books and hash out other details. The company, which is based in Round Rock, Texas, has promised to provide extensive details about the sales process in regulatory documents that are supposed to be filed next week.
Although there is much rumor and speculation, many investors are convinced a higher bid is in the works. That's why Dell's stock price has remained above $14 for the past two weeks. The shares fell 19 cents Thursday to close at $14.14. Some analysts have even predicted Dell ultimately will be sold for $15 to $16 per share.
Southeastern Asset Management, Dell's second largest shareholder after Michael Dell, has asserted the company is worth closer to $24 per share.
For its part, the four-member board committee that negotiated the current deal maintains it's selling Dell at a fair price —one that reflects the dimming prospects for the PC industry as more technology spending shifts to smartphones and tablet computers.
The upheaval is siphoning revenue away from both Dell, the world's third largest PC maker, and HP, the top PC maker. Both companies are trying to adapt by making more tablets and diversifying into more profitable areas of technology, such as business software, data analytics and storage.
The rivalry between Dell and HP makes Blackstone's flirtation with Hurd a tantalizing twist.
HP widened its lead over Dell during Hurd's five-year reign, but the company parted with its former CEO under acrimonious terms in August 2010. Hurd resigned after facing allegations of sexual harassment against an HP contractor. HP found no evidence of harassment, but concluded that Hurd had filed inaccurate expense reports. Since Hurd's departure, HP has struggled and its stock price has been cut in half in a slide that has erased about $45 billion in shareholder wealth.
Hurd, 56, began working as president of business software maker Oracle Corp. shortly after leaving HP. He is given every indication that he is happy with his current job, which could lead to a promotion to succeed his close friend, Larry Ellison, as Oracle's CEO. Ellison, 68, hasn't set a timetable for stepping down. Analysts nevertheless see Hurd and Safra Catz, Oracle's chief financial officer, as the leading candidates to replace Ellison.
Oracle declined to comment Thursday. Blackstone didn't return phone calls.
Blackstone is only interested in bringing Hurd to Dell if it can't negotiate a deal on friendly terms, should it decide to pursue a bid, said the person familiar with the situation. The easier path would require Blackstone to win the cooperation and financial participation of Michael Dell, who is contributing about $4.5 billion in cash and stock to the deal that he worked out with Silver Lake. Under that agreement, Michael Dell would remain CEO of a company that would become privately held for the first time in 25 years.
Blackstone also has discussed the possibility of Southeastern Asset contributing its 8.4 percent stake in Dell to a competing bid, according to The Wall Street Journal, which cited anonymous people familiar with the matter.
Other Blackstone maneuvers under consideration would focus on buying just a part of Dell. Blackstone might try to buy Dells' financial services division in a partnership with TPG, another buyout firm, or General Electric Co.'s lending arm, according to the people who talked to the Journal. Dell's financial services division lends money to customers who buy its products.
Another Dell shareholder, billionaire investor Carl Icahn, is pressing the board to forget about selling the company and paying a one-time dividend instead. In a letter to Dell's board earlier this month, Icahn proposed a dividend of $9 per share that would require Dell to take on billions of dollars in additional debt. Shareholders would profit further if Dell is able to engineer a turnaround that drives up the stock price.
Michael Dell believes he will be in a better position to overhaul the company if he no longer has to worry about Wall Street's focus on profit fluctuations from one quarter to the next.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
Note that by the time of writing this note (5.3.3), there seems to be only two defined constants for the protocol numbers: SOL_UDP and SOL_TCP.
For all other protocols (like ICMP,... ) you'll have to provide the exact number (EG: 1 for ICMP, ... )
echo getprotobynumber(SOL_TCP) . "\n"; // prints tcp
echo getprotobynumber(SOL_UDP) . "\n"; // prints udp
var_dump(getprotobyname('tcp') == SOL_TCP); // bool(true)
var_dump(getprotobyname('udp') == SOL_UDP); // bool(true)
On a UNIX system (don't know if this is true for Windows), the php functions getprotobyname and getprotobynumber are just wrapper for their corresponding system calls. These functions returns the protocol name or protocol number based on the definition from IANA. If you are looking for a protocol and you don't know its number, you can find the exact protocol number here: http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers


text:
Richard G. Scott says Church members have to claim the blessings of temple work, including proxy baptisms.
Richard G. Scott, "The Joy of Redeeming the Dead," General Conference Address, October 2012, accessed November 9, 2021
The Lord revealed to the Prophet Joseph Smith sublime doctrine concerning the sacred ordinance of baptism. That light came when other Christian churches taught that death irrevocably, eternally, determined the destiny of the soul. They taught the baptized were rewarded with endless joy while all others faced eternal torment without hope of redemption.
The Lord's revelation that through proper priesthood authority, baptism could be performed vicariously for the dead preserved the justice of His statement: "Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God." Vicarious baptism can mercifully provide this essential ordinance for all worthy deceased who did not receive it in mortality.
This glorious doctrine is another witness of the all-encompassing nature of the Atonement of Jesus Christ. He made salvation available to every repentant soul. His Atonement conquered death, and He permits the worthy deceased to receive all ordinances of salvation vicariously.
In an epistle written over 150 years ago, Joseph Smith stated: "The Saints have the privilege of being baptized for … their relatives who are dead … who have received the Gospel in the spirit, through … those who have been commissioned to preach to them." Later he added, "Those Saints who neglect it in behalf of their deceased relatives, do it at the peril of their own salvation."
The prophet Elijah committed the keys for vicarious work to Joseph Smith in the Kirtland Temple to fulfill the Lord's promise that "he shall plant in the hearts of the children the promises made to the fathers, and the hearts of the children shall turn to their fathers."
Through further revelation to Joseph Smith and subsequent prophets, there has come an understanding of and the provision for temple work and the family history effort that supports it. Every prophet since Joseph Smith has emphasized the imperative need to provide all ordinances for ourselves and our deceased ancestors.
Temple and family history work is one work divided into two parts. They are connected together like the ordinances of baptism and the gift of the Holy Ghost. Some members may not be able to do both works because of health or distances to temples.
President Howard W. Hunter taught:
"We must accomplish the priesthood temple ordinance work necessary for our own exaltation; then we must do the necessary work for those who did not have the opportunity to accept the gospel in life. Doing work for others is accomplished in two steps: first, by family history research to ascertain our progenitors; and second, by performing the temple ordinances to give them the same opportunities afforded to the living.
"Yet there are many members of the Church who have only limited access to the temples. They do the best they can. They pursue family history research and have the temple ordinance work done by others. Conversely, there are some members who engage in temple work but fail to do family history research on their own family lines. Although they perform a divine service in assisting others, they lose a blessing by not seeking their own kindred dead as divinely directed by latter-day prophets. …
"I have learned that those who engage in family history research and then perform the temple ordinance work for those whose names they have found will know the additional joy of receiving both halves of the blessing."
Father in Heaven wants each of us to receive both parts of the blessing of this vital vicarious work. He has led others to show us how to qualify. It is up to you and me to claim those blessings.
Any work you do in the temple is time well spent, but receiving ordinances vicariously for one of your own ancestors will make the time in the temple more sacred, and even greater blessings will be received. The First Presidency has declared, "Our preeminent obligation is to seek out and identify our own ancestors."
Do you young people want a sure way to eliminate the influence of the adversary in your life? Immerse yourself in searching for your ancestors, prepare their names for the sacred vicarious ordinances available in the temple, and then go to the temple to stand as proxy for them to receive the ordinances of baptism and the gift of the Holy Ghost. As you grow older, you will be able to participate in receiving the other ordinances as well. I can think of no greater protection from the influence of the adversary in your life.
In the Russia Rostov-na-Donu Mission the youth were invited to each index 2,000 names and then qualify at least one name from their own families for temple ordinances. Those who accomplished this goal were invited to go on a long journey to the new Kyiv Ukraine Temple. One young man shared his experience: "I was spending a lot of time playing computer games. When I started indexing, I didn't have time to play games. At first I thought, 'Oh no! How can that be!' When this project was over, I even lost interest in gaming. … Genealogical work is something that we can do here on earth, and it will remain in heaven."
Many faithful Saints have done the work of researching their family lines and are using the reserve feature of FamilySearch to hold the ordinances for their own family members to serve as proxy. The intent of reserving names is to allow a reasonable period of time for individuals to perform ordinances for ancestors and collateral lines. There are currently 12 million names and millions of corresponding ordinances that are reserved. Many names have been reserved for years. Ancestors who have been found are no doubt anxious and thrilled when their names are cleared for ordinances. They, however, may not be very happy when they have to continue to wait for their ordinances to be performed.
We encourage those of you who have a large reservation of names to share them so that members of your extended family or ward and stake can help you in completing that work. You can do this by distributing temple cards to ward and stake members willing to help or by using the FamilySearch computer system to submit the names directly to the temple. This latter option is something Cindy Blevins of Casper, Wyoming, has been doing for years.
Sister Blevins was baptized as a teenager and has been the only member of her family to join the Church. She has completed a vast amount of genealogical work. But there are far too many names for her and her immediate family to complete. Consequently, Sister Blevins has submitted the names to the temple, which, she reports, are often completed in a matter of weeks, usually at one of the two temples closest to her home. She says she likes to think that friends and neighbors in her own ward and stake may be among those helping to complete the work for her ancestors. She appreciates their doing so.
My beloved wife, Jeanene, loved doing family history research. When our children were young, she would trade babysitting time with friends so she could have a few hours every few weeks to work on researching our family lines. After our youngest child left home, she recorded in her personal journal: "I have just made a decision and I want to stand up and shout about it. Mike's old bedroom has become my genealogy workroom. It is well equipped to organize the records and work in. My life will now focus on vital family research and temple name submissions. I am so excited and anxious to get going."
Another journal entry reads: "The … miracle for me occurred in the Family History office of Mel Olsen who presented me with a printout of all my known ancestral pedigrees taken from the update of the Ancestral File computerized records sent into the genealogical society. They came mostly from the records of the four generation's program the Church called for many years ago. I had been overwhelmed with the thought of the huge task ahead of me to gather all my ancestors' research records from family organizations to get them all in the computer for the first computerized distribution of the Ancestral File. And there they all were, beautiful, organized and laser printed and sitting there on the desk before me. I was so thrilled and so overwhelmed I just sat there stunned and then began to cry I was so happy. … For one who has doggedly, painstakingly researched for thirty years, the computerization of all these records is truly exciting. And when I think of the hundreds of thousands of people who are now or soon will be computerizing huge blocks of censuses and private research disks … I am so excited. It is truly the Lord's work and He is directing it."
I have tasted enough of the fruits of this sublime work to know that the keys Elijah restored to Joseph Smith permit our hearts to be bound and each of us linked to those of our ancestors who are waiting for our help. Through our efforts in holy temples here on earth using the authority delegated by the Savior, our progenitors receive the saving ordinances that allow them to enjoy eternal happiness.
In the past, motivated by a deep conviction of the sanctity of the work, individuals have valiantly faced a challenge that seemed like single-handedly endeavoring to harvest all the grain in Nebraska. Now, many mighty combines are at work. Together we can and will accomplish the required work.
I testify that the Spirit of Elijah is touching the hearts of many of Father's children throughout the world, causing the work for the dead to accelerate at an unprecedented pace.
But what about you? Have you prayed about your own ancestors' work? Set aside those things in your life that don't really matter. Decide to do something that will have eternal consequences. Perhaps you have been prompted to look for ancestors but feel you are not a genealogist. Can you see that you don't have to be anymore? It all begins with love and a sincere desire to help those beyond the veil who can't help themselves. Check around. There will be someone in your area who can help you have success.
This work is a spiritual work, a monumental effort of cooperation on both sides of the veil, where help is given in both directions. Anywhere you are in the world, with prayer, faith, determination, diligence, and some sacrifice, you can make a powerful contribution. Begin now. I promise you that the Lord will help you find a way. And it will make you feel wonderful. In the name of Jesus Christ, amen.


text:
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text:
8.5" long, 1.5" tall
Hand-glazed steel underbody with hand-painted Courtly Check decoration. Pieces may vary due to the handmade nature of each product. Imported.
Care and Use
Dishwasher safe; for best results, hand-wash with mild soap and dry immediately. Our enamelware exceeds both federal food safety regulations and California's Proposition 65, the strictest environmental safety standards in the U.S. Handle enamelware with care, and discontinue use for food service if it becomes chipped, cracked, or broken.
Courtly Check Enamel Spoon Rest