text:
(We added to this post at 7:30 a.m. ET. July 16)
Juror B37, one of the six women who unanimously agreed that George Zimmerman was innocent of murder and manslaughter in the death of Trayvon Martin, has told CNN she's convinced it was Zimmerman who could be heard yelling for help on the recording of a 911 call that was a key piece of evidence in the case.
Asked by CNN's Anderson Cooper why she reached that conclusion, the woman (whose identity the network did not reveal) said it was because "of the evidence that he [Zimmerman] was the one who had gotten beaten." She didn't say it was because of testimony heard from experts or relatives of Zimmerman and Martin about the voice, which was picked up in the background of a call made to police on Feb. 26, 2012, as Zimmerman and Trayvon had their fateful encounter in Sanford, Fla.
CNN just played part of its interview with the woman.
As we previously wrote, the 911 recording was important because:
If jurors had concluded it was Trayvon yelling for help or for Zimmerman to stop, that would have buttressed the prosecution's case against Zimmerman.
Update at 8:45 p.m. ET. Believes Zimmerman Was Scared:
CNN now adds that Juror B37 believes Trayvon "threw the first punch ... and that Zimmerman probably feared for his life" before he shot the 17-year-old.
Update at at 7:30 a.m. ET, July 16. No Book Deal:
Juror B37 has reconsidered her plans to write a book about the trial of George Zimmerman, saying that jury sequestration "shielded me from the depth of pain that exists among the general public over every aspect of this case."
Our original post — "Zimmerman Juror Signs With Book Agent":
One of the women on the jury that found George Zimmerman not guilty on Saturday has already signed with a book agent.
According to Reuters, literary agent Sharlene Martin said Monday that the juror "hopes to write a book explaining why the all-women panel had 'no option' but to find Zimmerman not guilty of murder."
Known now only as "Juror B37," the woman is a mother of two. According to Fox News, she is "in her 50s [and] has lived in Seminole County for eight years. She has been married for almost 20 years and her husband is a 'space attorney,' who worked with the Shuttle company United Space Alliance."
Gawker has posted video of the voir dire — the questioning of Juror B37 during jury selection. Among the things she said during that questioning:
-- That she "knew there was rioting" in Sanford, Fla., after the 17-year-old Trayvon Martin's death. As Gawker points out, "in fact, despite a great deal of salivating anticipation by the media both before and after the trial, there were no riots in Sanford, Florida."
-- That she gets her news from NBC's The Today Show and does not listen to the radio, read the Web or read newspapers. She believes the news media is "skewed one way or the other."
-- When asked to describe Trayvon, she referred to him as a "boy of color."
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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text:
UFO Sighting Reports
Please note that the reports in this section have been submitted to UFOINFO and accepted in good faith. No investigation has been carried out by UFOINFO.
With the increasing use of digital cameras we are seeing more photos showing alleged 'UFOs' – many of these could be insects, cloud shapes etc. As many readers have asked to see the photos I will be using some of them and leaving it to the individual to make up their own mind – John @ UFOINFO.


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Ravens Beat 49ers 34-31 In Super Bowl
For a Super Bowl with so many story lines, this game came up with quite a twist.
Try a blackout that turned a blowout into a shootout - capped by a brilliant defensive stand.
The Baltimore Ravens survived a frenzied comeback by the San Francisco 49ers following a 34-minute delay in the third quarter for a power outage Sunday night, winning their second championship 34-31. Super Bowl MVP Joe Flacco threw three first-half touchdown passes, Jacoby Jones ran back the second-half kickoff a record 108 yards for a score, and star linebacker Ray Lewis' last play fittingly was part of a defensive effort that saved the victory.
"To me, that was one of the most amazing goal-line stands I've ever been a part of in my career," said Lewis, who announced a month ago he would retire when the Ravens were done playing.
They are done now, with another Vince Lombardi Trophy headed for the display case.
"What better way to do it," Lewis said, "than on the Super Bowl stage?"
That stage already was loaded with plots:
- The coaching Harbaughs sibling rivalry, won by older brother John, who said the postgame greeting with Jim was "painful."
- Flacco's emergence as a top-level quarterback, and his impending free agency.
- Colin Kaepernick's rapid rise in the last two months as 49ers QB.
- The big game's return to the Big Easy for the first time in 11 years, and the first time since Hurricane Katrina ravaged the city in 2005.
- Lewis' self-proclaimed "last ride."
But when the Superdome lost power, well, that wasn't in anyone's scenario.
Flacco and the Ravens (14-6) were turning the game into a rout, leading 28-6 when, without even a flicker of warning, several banks of lights and the scoreboards went dark. Players from both sides stretched and chatted with each other in as bizarre a scene as any Super Bowl has witnessed.
"The bad part was we started talking about it," said safety Ed Reed, who had the game's only interception. "That was mentioned. It was like they were trying to kill our momentum."
After power was restored, the 49ers began playing lights out.
San Francisco (13-5-1), in search of its sixth Lombardi Trophy in as many tries, got back in the game almost immediately.
Michael Crabtree's 31-yard touchdown reception, on which he broke two tackles, made it 28-13. A few minutes later, Frank Gore's 6-yard run followed a 32-yard punt return by Ted Ginn Jr., and the 49ers were within eight.
Ray Rice's fumble at his 24 led to David Akers' 34-yard field goal, but Baltimore woke up for a long drive leading to rookie Justin Tucker's 19-yard field goal.
San Francisco wasn't done challenging, though, and Kaepernick's 15-yard TD run, the longest for a quarterback in a Super Bowl, made it 31-29. A 2-point conversion pass failed when the Ravens blitzed.
Tucker added a 38-yarder with 4:19 remaining, setting up the frantic finish.
Kaepernick couldn't get the 49ers into the end zone on the final three plays. The last was a pass into the right corner of the end zone to Crabtree that involved some incidental bumping. Jim Harbaugh insisted a flag should have been thrown.
"There's no question in my mind that there was a pass interference and then a hold," Jim Harbaugh said.
Ravens punter Sam Koch took a safety for the final score with 4 seconds left. Koch's free kick was returned by Ginn to midfield as time ran out.
"How could it be any other way? It's never pretty. It's never perfect. But it's us," John Harbaugh said of his Ravens. "It was us today."
"Yeah, I think that last drive when we got the ball and had time to go down and score a touchdown," Kaepernick said, "we thought it was our game."
But the championship is Baltimore's.
As for the foul-up at America's biggest sporting event, officials revealed that an "abnormality" in the power system triggered an automatic shutdown, forcing backup systems to kick in. But no one was sure what caused the initial problem.
Everything changed after that until Lewis and Co. shut it down. But there were plenty of white-knuckle moments and the Ravens had to make four stops inside their 7 at the end.
"I think it speaks to our resolve, speaks to our determination, speaks to our mental toughness," John Harbaugh said. "That is what wins and loses games."
At 4 hours, 14 minutes, it was the longest Super Bowl ever.
Flacco's arrival as a championship quarterback - he had 11 postseason TD passes, tying a league mark, and no interceptions - coincides with Lewis' retirement. The win capped a sensational four games since Lewis announced he was leaving the game after 17 Hall of Fame-caliber years.
The Ravens will become Flacco's team now, provided he reaches agreement on a new contract.
Flacco's three TD passes in the opening half tied a Super Bowl record. They covered 13 yards to Anquan Boldin, 1 to Dennis Pitta and 56 to Jones.
That start boosted him to the MVP award.
"They have to give it to one guy and I'm not going to complain that I got it," Flacco said.
John Harbaugh had no complaints about getting that other trophy named after that Green Bay coach. But he struggled to balance it with the disappointment his brother was feeling.
"The meeting with Jim in the middle (of the field for the postgame handshake) was probably the most difficult thing I have ever been associated with in my life," the Ravens coach said.
The wild scoring made this the second championship in the NFL's 80-year title game history in which both teams scored at least 30 points. Pittsburgh's 35-31 win over Dallas in 1979 was the other.
The Ravens stumbled into the playoffs with four defeats in its last five regular-season games as Lewis recovered from a torn right triceps and Flacco struggled. Harbaugh even fired his offensive coordinator in December, a stunning move with the postseason so close.
But that - and every other move Harbaugh, Flacco and the Ravens made since - were right on target.
New Orleans native Jones, one of the stars in a double-overtime playoff win at Denver, seemed to put the game away with his record 108-yard sprint with the second-half kickoff.
Soon after, the lights went out - and when they came back on, the Ravens were almost powerless to slow the 49ers.
Until the final moments.
"The final series of Ray Lewis' career was a goal-line stand," Harbaugh said.
Lewis was sprawled on all fours, face-down on the turf, after the end zone incompletion.
"It's no greater way, as a champ, to go out on your last ride with the men that I went out with, with my teammates," Lewis said. "And you looked around this stadium and Baltimore! Baltimore! We coming home, baby! We did it!"
Jim Harbaugh, the coach who turned around the Niners in the last two years and brought them to their first Super Bowl in 18 years, had seen his team make a similarly stunning comeback in the NFC championship at Atlanta, but couldn't finish it off against Baltimore.
"Our guys battled back to get back in," the 49ers coach said. "I thought we battled right to the brink of winning."
The 49ers couldn't have been sloppier in the first half, damaging their chances with penalties - including one on their first play that negated a 20-yard gain - poor tackling and turnovers. Rookie LaMichael James fumbled at the Baltimore 25 to ruin an impressive drive, and the Ravens converted that with Flacco's 1-yard pass to Pitta for a 14-3 lead.
On San Francisco's next offensive play, Kaepernick threw behind Randy Moss and always dependable Reed picked it off. A huge scuffle followed that brought both Harbaughs onto the field and saw both sides penalized 15 yards for unnecessary roughness.
Reed, also a New Orleans native, tied the NFL record for postseason picks with his ninth.
Baltimore didn't pounce on that mistake for points. Instead, Tucker's fake field goal run on fourth-and-9 came up a yard short when Chris Culliver slammed him out of bounds.
The Ravens simply shrugged, forced a three-and-out, and then unleashed Jones deep. Just as he did to Denver, he flashed past the secondary and caught Flacco's fling. He had to wait for the ball, fell to the ground to grab it, but was untouched by a Niner. Up he sprang, cutting left and using his speed to outrun two defenders to the end zone.
Desperate for some points, the 49ers completed four passes and got a 15-yard roughing penalty against Haloti Ngata, who later left with a knee injury. But again they couldn't cross the goal line, Paul Kruger got his second sack of the half on third down, forcing a second field goal by Akers, from 27 yards.
When Jones began the second half by sprinting up the middle virtually untouched - he is the second player with two TDs of 50 yards or more in a Super Bowl, tying Washington's Ricky Sanders in 1988 - the rout was on.
Then it wasn't.
"Everybody had their hand on this game," 49ers All-Pro linebacker Patrick Willis said. "We point the fingers at nobody. We win together and we lose together, and today we lost it."
This article was originally published on February 03, 2013.
This program aired on February 3, 2013. The audio for this program is not available.


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My daughter doesn't like to wear pants. Well, it's not that exactly. She just like skirts and dresses better! But what to do for the cold weather? My friend and I had the same idea - CORDUROY with leggings! Said friend gave me some awesome hand-me-down leggings and I got some super soft corduroy 1/2 off!
I had plans to make these back in October but then a certain dress took over my life. But I got them cut out and finished in the last couple of weeks. Even in the midst of the attempted pink-eye coup of my home. I won't go into it. . . You really don't want to know that all three of my kids have had it, not at the same time, and it's going on a month of this. . . well, okay, maybe you did want to know!
So back to the skirts. Everyone needs a black skirt for winter! This one is just like her red and pink modified twirly skirt. I just made it a tad bit longer.
Then I wanted to make a 3 tiered one like my friend had. So she gave me the measurements from this pattern for the strips. It's so easy I can't even tell you - side seams, gather, sew together, hem, casing, elastic, done!
I actually made two brown skirts. One the right way, and then this one.
Which for a mistake turned out pretty cute! I transposed some numbers when writing down the measurements and ended up cutting one panel too small. And then I was running out of fabric - so I added that 4th ruffle on the bottom for length. I really like it! I took about a 3" X width of fabric (WOF) piece and folded it in half and just used that as the hem. Here, let me show you:
and let me tell you I love the wrong side of a serger finished garment! I almost want her to wear this inside out! Okay, maybe I wouldn't go that far. How I adore that machine!!
I also top-stitched the seam allowances down and that gives it a nice finished look. Plus it keeps those seams where they belong!
I'm not quite done with this one. It's what the pattern calls for and what the other brown one looks like. So you can see how it looks without being top-stitched. Things just aren't laying down as well.
And do you want to see what this would look like if I DIDN'T have my serger?
Oh the HORROR.
I need to get the right color thread so I can finish this one! It's such a pretty color, I'm wishing I had bought enough to make a matching skirt for me. After all, it's the winter version of my favorite blue.
Since I finished these late at night, I haven't gotten any model shots, yet. I'll post those soon. I know it's more fun to see the clothes on the girl. I'm toying with the idea of scaling the pattern down and making babylouwho some matching ones too!
Now to what you have all been waiting for!
There are so many reasons I want to have a giveaway right now!
1. I love doing giveaways.
B. There are now over 600 people who think I'm interesting enough to click on that follow me thing over there (when did that happen? you guys are nice.)
3. It's December! Holidays galore! Christmas, my fave! and maybe a birthday for me!
iv. You guys are so great and supportive and deserve it.
Thanks to Randi, awesome, amazing, generous Randi of Fresh Squeezed Fabrics and fellow sew & teller has donated a prize for a giveaway today.
We were having a hard time deciding on what new line to give away.
Amy Butler's Soul Blossoms? - brand new and on it's way to her shop!!
Tula Pinks Parisville?
or maybe she has something else that strikes your fancy?
Well, we are going to let YOU decide! (I know what I would pick!)


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California family organically grown pistachios, shelled, lightly dry roasted, and misted with Eden sea salt. Mildly sweet, they deliver 7 grams of beneficial monounsaturated fatty acids per serving. Low sodium, 7g beneficial monounsaturated fats per serving, and a good source of protein, fiber, and thiamin B1. Perfect for parties, camping, backpacking, or a satisfying snack any time. Use them in place of pine nuts for pesto sauces. Reclosable standing pouch. Gluten free.
Eden Organic Pistachios are the Kerman variety famous for its outstanding flavor, organically grown on a thirteen year organic family farm in the Central Valley of California. Convenient and easy to enjoy roasted shelled nut meats. A mildly sweet, and lightly salted snack that's good for you, delivering 7 grams of monounsaturated fatty acids per 3 Tablespoon serving with zero cholesterol. They're a good source of protein, dietary fiber, and thiamin B1.
Pistachios grow on trees in heavy clumps similar to grape clusters, and like almonds have a soft outer hull. Eden Organic Pistachios are harvested in late August to early October when the hulls turn rosy and the shell splits indicating they are completely ripe. Harvesting when naturally ripe ensures the best taste. Harvesting is mechanically done by positioning two machines on opposite sides of the tree. They shake the tree for several seconds causing ripe pistachios to fall into a canvas catching frame. The frame prevents the pistachios from touching the ground which causes bruising and staining. It also prevents soil bacteria from entering the ripe nuts, preventing the occurrence of aflatoxins. From the canvas frame the pistachios fall into a bin. The bins are moved to a hulling station where the soft outer hull that encases the hard shell is removed. The hard shell is then removed. After hulling the nuts are dried, sorted, and shipped to Eden's Clinton Production facility where they are rotary oven roasted before a light misting with our finest sea salt. The pistachios are packed in resealable 4 ounce protective packages.
Pistachios Pistacia vera are often called the 'green almond' as well as the 'happy nut' or the 'smiling nut' in reference to the split, ripe pistachio's resemblance to a happy smiling face. One of the world's oldest nuts they are indigenous to the region formerly known as Persia, an area that stretched from the Mediterranean to Afghanistan where it was called 'pistah'. Archeological evidence from the area indicates that pistachios have been enjoyed for at least 10,000 years. There are only two nuts mentioned in the Old Testament, pistachios and almonds. They were grown in the hanging gardens of Babylon. The Queen of Sheba forbad commoners from growing the trees for personal use because of the limited production in her kingdom. They were reserved only for her use, which she occasionally gave as gifts to her favorites. The Persians used them in cooking, especially in sauces giving them body and creamy smoothness. In Persia it was believed that good fortune and happiness came to couples enjoying the captivating flavor of the pistachio, while listening to the cracking sound of the shells above their heads as they strolled through the orchards. When pistachios were first introduced to the U.S. in the late 1800's they were dyed bright red to hide any imperfections and stained shells due to inferior harvesting techniques at the time and to attract the attention of shoppers.
The only place in the U.S. where pistachios can be grown is in California's Central Valley. This area has a Mediterranean like growing condition for pistachios: year round abundant sunshine, long growing season, moderate cool winters, arid climate, moderate but ample water supply, and well drained fertile soil. It was in this valley that pistachios were experimentally planted in the 1930's by American plant scientist William E. Whitehouse. Mr. Whitehouse spent months in Persia collecting pistachio seeds to find the one with the most desirable traits. There was one variety, the Kerman, named after the city where the seeds came from that was outstanding. He returned with 20 pounds of seeds and began planting them. The pistachio tree needs from 7 to 10 years to mature, and 20 years to reach peak production. It wasn't until the 1970's that the pistachio became a viable commercial crop in California. Today, California is the second largest producer of pistachios in the world.
Eden Organic Pistachios are a great snack food, but they're not limited to snacking. They can be ground like almonds and used to make creamy sauces, curry, and desserts. Toss a handful into pasta stir fries, pasta salads, raw salads, fruit and Waldorf salads, pilaf, tabouli, with couscous and wild rice dishes. They can be used in muffins and cakes, party mixes, trail mixes, and granola.


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Interview with Laurence D. Fink
Laurence D. Fink
Chief Executive Officer
Laurence D. Fink, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of BlackRock, also leads the Global Executive Committee.
Mr. Fink has led the firm since its founding in 1988, keeping client centric solutions and innovation at the forefront of his leadership. He was named "CEO of the Decade" by Financial News in 2011 and has been named one of the "World's Best CEO's" by Barron's for seven consecutive years.
Prior to founding BlackRock in 1988, Mr. Fink was a member of the Management Committee and a Managing Director of The First Boston Corporation. Mr. Fink joined First Boston in 1976 and quickly became one of the first mortgage-backed securities traders on Wall Street. During his tenure at First Boston, Mr. Fink was co-head of the Taxable Fixed Income Division, which was responsible for trading and distribution of all government, mortgage and corporate securities. Mr. Fink also started the Financial Futures and Options Department and headed the Mortgage and Real Estate Products Group.
Mr. Fink serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of New York University and is Co-Chairman of the NYU Langone Medical Center Board of Trustees. Mr. Fink also serves on the Boards of The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), the Council on Foreign Relations and Robin Hood, the New York City charitable organization. He is also Co-Chairman of The Partnership for New York City, which works to engage the business community in efforts to advance the City's economy and maintain its position as the center of world commerce, finance and innovation.
Mr. Fink earned an MBA degree with a concentration in real estate from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1976 and a BA degree in political science from UCLA in 1974.


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Mr. Speaker, I'm pleased to join Rep. Hyde, Chairman of the International Relations Committee, in sponsoring an important resolution urging Ukraine to ensure a democratic, transparent, and fair election process for the upcoming presidential election. By urging the Ukrainian authorities to abide by their freely undertaken OSCE commitments on democratic elections, this resolution emphasizes our commitment to the Ukrainian people and the goal of Ukraine's integration into the Western community of nations.
As Chairman of the Helsinki Commission, I have been a steadfast supporter of human rights and democracy in Ukraine, and I value independent Ukraine's contribution to security and stability in Europe. The stakes in the upcoming elections are high, not only with respect to the outcome, but also as a fundamental indicator of Ukraine's democratic development.
Recent events have dramatically underscored the need for this clear statement of resolve to support a truly democratic process in Ukraine. The pre-election environment in Ukraine has been discouraging, with examples of obstacles to free assembly and free speech, the limiting of access to Radio Liberty, Voice of America and other international broadcasts, and substantial transgressions in recent parliamentary by-elections and mayoral elections.
Mr. Speaker, the most blatant of these took place just a few weeks ago in the city of Mukacheve. These elections witnessed violence, intimidation, fraud and other massive violations both of the electoral code and any standards of civilized human behavior. The mayoral elections have been roundly and rightly criticized by the United States, Europe, and the OSCE. Many observers fear that Mukacheve is a harbinger of things to come. As Chairman of the U.S. delegation to the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly, I join OSCE PA President Bruce George in calling upon Ukrainian President Kuchma to ensure a proper investigation of the violations which took place and to rectify the situation so that the will of the voters is realized.
Mr. Speaker, Ukraine remains at a crossroads. Developments with respect to democracy have been discouraging over the last few years. The elections represent a real chance for Ukraine to get back on the road to full respect for the tenets of democracy, human rights and the rule of law. The United States stands in solidarity with the people of Ukraine as they strive to achieve these essential goals.
Mr. Hyde (for himself, Mr. Smith, and Mr. Lantos) submitted the following resolution; which was referred to the International Relations Committee:
H.Con.Res. 415
Whereas the establishment of a democratic, transparent, and fair election process for the 2004 presidential election in Ukraine and of a genuinely democratic political system are prerequisites for that country's full integration into the Western community of nations as an equal member, including into organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO);
Whereas the Government of Ukraine has accepted numerous specific commitments governing the conduct of elections as a participating State of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), including provisions of the Copenhagen Document;
Whereas the election on October 31, 2004, of Ukraine's next president will provide an unambiguous test of the extent of the Ukrainian authorities' commitment to implement these standards and build a democratic society based on free elections and the rule of law;
Whereas this election takes place against the backdrop of previous elections that did not fully meet international standards and of disturbing trends in the current pre-election environment;
Whereas it is the duty of government and public authorities at all levels to act in a manner consistent with all laws and regulations governing election procedures and to ensure free and fair elections throughout the entire country, including preventing activities aimed at undermining the free exercise of political rights;
Whereas a genuinely free and fair election requires a period of political campaigning conducted in an environment in which neither administrative action nor violence, intimidation, or detention hinder the parties, political associations, and the candidates from presenting their views and qualifications to the citizenry, including organizing supporters, conducting public meetings and events throughout the country, and enjoying unimpeded access to television, radio, print, and Internet media on a non-discriminatory basis;
Whereas a genuinely free and fair election requires that citizens be guaranteed the right and effective opportunity to exercise their civil and political rights, including the right to vote and the right to seek and acquire information upon which to make an informed vote, free from intimidation, undue influence, attempts at vote buying, threats of political retribution, or other forms of coercion by national or local authorities or others;
Whereas a genuinely free and fair election requires government and public authorities to ensure that candidates and political parties enjoy equal treatment before the law and that government resources are not employed to the advantage of individual candidates or political parties;
Whereas a genuinely free and fair election requires the full transparency of laws and regulations governing elections, multiparty representation on election commissions, and unobstructed access by candidates, political parties, and domestic and international observers to all election procedures, including voting and vote-counting in all areas of the country;
Whereas increasing control and manipulation of the media by national and local officials and others acting at their behest raise grave concerns regarding the commitment of the Ukrainian authorities to free and fair elections;
Whereas efforts by the national authorities to limit access to international broadcasting, including Radio Liberty and the Voice of America, represent an unacceptable infringement on the right of the Ukrainian people to independent information;
Whereas efforts by national and local officials and others acting at their behest to impose obstacles to free assembly, free speech, and a free and fair political campaign have taken place in Donetsk, Sumy, and elsewhere in Ukraine without condemnation or remedial action by the Ukrainian Government;
Whereas numerous substantial irregularities have taken place in recent Ukrainian parliamentary by-elections in the Donetsk region and in mayoral elections in Mukacheve, Romny, and Krasniy Luch; and
Whereas the intimidation and violence during the April 18, 2004, mayoral election in Mukacheve, Ukraine, represent a deliberate attack on the democratic process: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the House–
(1) acknowledges and welcomes the strong relationship formed between the United States and Ukraine since the restoration of Ukraine's independence in 1991;
(2) recognizes that a precondition for the full integration of Ukraine into the Western community of nations, including as an equal member in institutions such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), is its establishment of a genuinely democratic political system;
(3) expresses its strong and continuing support for the efforts of the Ukrainian people to establish a full democracy, the rule of law, and respect for human rights in Ukraine;
(4) urges the Government of Ukraine to guarantee freedom of association and assembly, including the right of candidates, members of political parties, and others to freely assemble, to organize and conduct public events, and to exercise these and other rights free from intimidation or harassment by local or national officials or others acting at their behest;
(5) urges the Government of Ukraine to meet its Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) commitments on democratic elections and to address issues previously identified by the Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) of the OSCE in its final reports on the 2002 parliamentary elections and the 1999 presidential elections, such as illegal interference by public authorities in the campaign and a high degree of bias in the media;
(6) urges the Ukrainian authorities to ensure–
(A) the full transparency of election procedures before, during, and after the 2004 presidential elections;
(B) free access for Ukrainian and international election observers;
(C) multiparty representation on all election commissions;
(D) unimpeded access by all parties and candidates to print, radio, television, and Internet media on a non-discriminatory basis;
(E) freedom of candidates, members of opposition parties, and independent media organizations from intimidation or harassment by government officials at all levels via selective tax audits and other regulatory procedures, and in the case of media, license revocations and libel suits, among other measures;
(F) a transparent process for complaint and appeals through electoral commissions and within the court system that provides timely and effective remedies; and
(G) vigorous prosecution of any individual or organization responsible for violations of election laws or regulations, including the application of appropriate administrative or criminal penalties;
(7) further calls upon the Government of Ukraine to guarantee election monitors from the ODIHR, other participating States of the OSCE, Ukrainian political parties, candidates' representatives, nongovernmental organizations, and other private institutions and organizations, both foreign and domestic, unobstructed access to all aspects of the election process, including unimpeded access to public campaign events, candidates, news media, voting, and post-election tabulation of results and processing of election challenges and complaints; and
(8) pledges its enduring support and assistance to the Ukrainian people's establishment of a fully free and open democratic system, their creation of a prosperous free market economy, their establishment of a secure independence and freedom from coercion, and their country's assumption of its rightful place as a full and equal member of the Western community of democracies.


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KDE System Administration/KDE Filesystem Hierarchy
KDE defines a filesystem hierarchy that is used by the KDE environment itself as well as all KDE applications. In general, KDE stores all its files in a fixed directory tree.
By default, there are two such directory trees: one at the system level and one at the user level in the user's home directory. However, as a system administrator you can create additional trees.
KDE and KDE applications look up files by scanning the directory trees in order of precedence. When a file is present in multiple directory trees, the file from the first-listed tree takes precedence. Normally, the tree located in the user's home directory has the highest precedence. This is also the directory tree that changes are written to.
For configuration files, the story is slightly different. If multiple configuration files with the same name are found in the directory trees, their content is combined. The precedence order of the directory trees plays a role here: when two files define the same configuration key, the file with the highest precedence determines which value is used for the key.
Location of the Directory Trees
The location of the KDE Directory Trees is determined by a number of environment variables, each of which is covered below.
The KDEHOME environment variable determines the location of the user-level directory tree and is used by KDE applications for creating and saving files. This directory tree has the highest precedence; files or settings found in this directory tree will take precedence over any files or settings found in other directory trees.
This directory tree is, as the name suggests, normally located in the user's home directory. If this environment variable is not defined, the default location $HOME/.kde4 is used.
If the environment variable has a value that starts with a tilde (~), the tilde is replaced with the user's home directory at runtime. In order to use this, care must be taken to add proper quoting, otherwise the shell might do the expansion, resulting in undesired behavior in combination with su.
In order to prevent problems with applications that run as root saving files with root access permissions in the user's home directory, the KDEROOTHOME environment variable has been introduced in the KDE 3.x series. Applications that run with uid 0 (root) will use this variable to determine the location of the user level directory and where to save their files. If this variable is not defined, the root user's home directory is looked up in the password file and .kde4 is appended. Usually that results in /root/.kde4 .
It is possible to specify multiple system-level directory trees. This allows groups of users to each dedicate a directory to their group. Such an additional directory tree can contain additional applications, specialized application resources or a specific set of default configurations suitable for the group. Specifying default configurations this way instead of using a /etc/skel construction has the advantage that changes in the default configuration can be made after the user's account has been created.
The directories in $KDEDIRS should be separated with a colon (:). The directories are listed in order of precedence: the first directory has the highest precedence, the last one has the lowest precedence.
Since a group-level directory tree should normally override any settings present at the system level, one should list the group-level directory tree before the system level directory tree.
In general communication, references to the directory trees are made in terms of $KDEHOME to indicate the applicable user-level directory tree, and in terms of $KDEDIRS to indicate any of the system-level directory trees.
A staff member at a university could have the following settings:
In this example the user settings are saved under the .kde3 directory in the user's home directory. Applications that run as root will save their settings to /root/.kde3. KDE 3 has been installed to /opt/kde3 but there is also an additional directory tree located at /opt/kde_staff. Configuration files under that directory will take precedence over the ones in the /opt/kde3 system directories. /opt/kde_staff could contain additional applications that should only be available to staff members.
Directory Tree
Each directory tree used by KDE has a fixed directory structure. However, directories that are not relevant for a certain tree can be left out. For example, directories used for temporary files are usually only found under $KDEHOME but not in any other directory tree.
The KDE runtime environment combines the subdirectories found under the
various directory trees and refers to them as a single KDE resource. The
KDE resource name is listed in the tables below.
There are three broad categories: files that are
CPU/architecture-specific, files that are host-specific and files that are not specific with
regard to host, CPU or architecture.
CPU/architecture-specific directories:
Directory | KDE resource | Description |
bin/ | exe | Used for KDE executables. |
cgi-bin/ | cgi | CGI scipts that can be used by the KDE Help Center. |
lib64/ | lib | Used for KDE libraries. |
lib64/kde3/ | module | This directory contains components, plugins and other runtime loadable objects for use by KDE 3.x applications. |
The following are host-specific directories. They are only available under $KDEHOME and are normally symlinked to locations outside the $KDEHOME directory tree.
Directory | KDE resource | Description |
socket-$HOSTNAME | socket | This directory contains communication sockets. The filesystem used by $KDEHOME may not be suitable for communication sockets. For that reason this directory is symlinked to another location by default. |
tmp-$HOSTNAME | tmp | This directory is used for temporary files. The filesystem used by $KDEHOME may be on a network, so, for performance reasons, this directory is symlinked by default to a location more likely to be on a local filesystem. |
cache-$HOSTNAME | cache | New in KDE 3.2. This directory is used for cached information such as HTTP objects, formatted help pages and the system configuration cache (ksycoca).
Since this is non-essential information, this directory is symlinked to a location outside $KDEHOME by default to make it easier to make backups of other information and reclaim diskspace. |
The majority of directories involves data that is not CPU-, architecture- or host-specific. All these directories are prefixed with share/:
Directory | KDE resource | Description |
share/applnk/ share/applications/ | apps | Contains .desktop files describing the KDE menu. |
share/apps/ | data | Contains application-specific data files. Each application has a subdirectory here for storing its files. |
share/config/ | config | Contains configuration files. Configuration files are normally named after the application they belong to, followed by "rc". There are also files that are specific to a component and as such referenced by all applications that use that component. A special case is "kdeglobals": this file is read by all KDE applications. |
share/config/session/ | - | This directory is used by session management and is normally only available under $KDEHOME. At the end of a session, KDE applications store their state here. The file names start with the name of the application followed by a number. The session manager "ksmserver" stores references to these numbers when saving a session in "ksmserverrc". |
share/doc/HTML/ share/doc/kde/HTML/lang/package | html | Documentation of KDE applications is stored here. Documentation is categorized by language and the application it belongs to.
Normally, at least two files can be found in a directory: "index.docbook", which contains the documentation in the unformatted docbook format, and "index.cache.bz2", which contains the same documentation formatted as bzip2 compressed HTML. The HTML version is used by khelpcenter; if the HTML version is missing, it will regenerate it from the docbook version, but this is a time-consuming process. |
share/icons/ | icon | Icons are stored under this directory, categorized by theme, dimension and usage category. |
share/mimelnk/ | mime | Up until KDE4, .desktop files that describe MIME types were stored in this directory. |
share/mime/ | mime | Starting with KDE4, desktop files that describe MIME types are stored in this directory. This data is shared by other software as well and is part of a freedesktop.org specification. |
share/services/ share/kde4/services/ |
services | This directory contains .desktop files that describe services. Services and Applications are very similar; the major difference is that a Service is usually used by other Services or Applications, while an Application is in general started by the user. Services do not appear in the KDE menu. |
share/servicetypes/ share/kde4/servicetypes/ |
servicetypes | This directory contains .desktop files that describe service types. A service type usually represents a certain programming interface. Applications and Services include the servicetypes that they provide in their .desktop files. |
share/sounds/ | sound | This directory contains sound files. |
share/templates/ | templates | This directory contains templates for creating files of various types. A template consists of a .desktop file that describes the file and includes a reference to a file in the .source subdirectory. The templates in this directory appear in the "Create New" menu available on the desktop and in the file browser. When a user selects a template from the menu, its source file is copied. |
share/wallpapers/ | wallpaper | This directory contains images that can be used as background pictures. |
Outside the Directory Tree
As mentioned in the description of the directory tree, there are three host-specific directories that are usually symlinked to other locations. If the directories do not already exist, the following symlinks and directories will be created using the lnusertemp utility. Since both /tmp and /var/tmp are world writable, there is a possibility that one of the mentioned directories already exists but is owned by another user. In that case, the lnusertemp utility will create a new directory with an alternative name and link to that instead.
Symlink: $KDEHOME/socket-$HOSTNAME
Default destination: /tmp/ksocket-$USER/
The command lnusertemp socket creates a directory for local communication sockets and point a symlink to it. The combined length of the directory name and the name of any communication socket should not exceed 106 characters. By default this directory is created under /tmp, but other locations can be used by setting the KDETMP environment variable.
Temporary Files
Symlink: $KDEHOME/tmp-$HOSTNAME
Default destination: /tmp/kde-$USER/
The command lnusertemp tmp creates a directory for temporary files and points a symlink to it. For performance reasons it is recommended to have this directory on a local filesystem, but this is not strictly necessary.
Cache Files
Symlink: $KDEHOME/cache-$HOSTNAME
Default destination: /var/tmp/kdecache-$USER/
The command lnusertemp cache creates a directory for cache files and points a symlink to it. For performance reasons it is recommended to have this directory on a local filesystem, but this is not strictly necessary.
The system configuration cache (ksycoca and ksycocastamp) is located in here. It is recommended NOT to delete these files during boot since that will slow down the startup of KDE.
By default this directory is created under /var/tmp, other locations can be used by setting the KDEVARTMP environment variable.
Adding Lookup Locations
KDE applications look up data files using the resource names listed in the #Directory Tree section. The KDE runtime environment translates these names to actual directories by combining the locations of the directory trees with the directories listed in the tables.
Defining Search Paths
A user has the following directory tree settings:
When an application now looks for a "wallpaper" file, the directory share/wallpapers/ is added to each of the directory trees. All of the resulting directories are then searched for the file:
By adding more directory tree to the KDEDIRS environment variable it is possible to expand the number of directories that are being searched. Sometimes it is desirable to include only a single directory in a search but not a whole directory tree. Additional directories can be configured in the kdeglobals configuration file in the [Directories] section. To do so assign one or more directories to the key dir_ followed by the name of the resource. Multiple directories are separated by commas (,).
Adding a Resource Directory
To add the directory /data/photos to the wallpaper resource, put the following two lines in kdeglobals:
When the application now looks for wallpaper files, it will look in the following locations:


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Like a swinging pendulum, antiestablishment sentiment this Congressional election year may oscillate toward the Democrats, the party in power on the Hill across the river.
Republicans hope that sentiment translates to Alexandria where the party looks to unseat 10-term, 20-year incumbent Democrat Jim Moran, the 8th Districts representative, with one of two candidates running in the June 8 primary: Matthew Berry and Patrick Murray.
But could it happen in Alexandria?
The citys voting record, and the rest of the districts including Arlington, Falls Church and parts of Fairfax does not lend itself to the idea. Aside from re-electing Moran every election year since 1990, the district has voted Democrat in the last three presidential elections by an average margin of 25 percentage points and, despite a conservative GOP sweep of the states three top offices, Republican bids for the three state delegate seats encompassing Alexandria fell far short last November.
Still, election season is well underway, evidenced by a debate held last Thursday by the Alexandria Chamber of Commerce at the Ritz Carlton in Arlington. Complete with political assaults and chest-swelling Berry and Murray made their cases against one another and against Moran in a debate that also included Independent Green candidate Ron Fischer.
Moran, who watched but did not participate in the challengers debate, has long held a seat on the powerful Appropriations Committee. The political capability that comes with seniority eclipses that of the would-be freshman congressmen but Berry sees it as an opportunity.
He has so abused his position in terms of earmarking that hes damaged his own effectiveness on that point, said Berry, a 37-year-old lawyer, before the debate. When I go around the district, people do care about that kind of corruption.
The debate focused on local business issues and national concerns. Candidates agreed that transportation problems are the biggest issues facing the district, both strangling current business and hindering future commerce. Less congestion, more transit options and minimal government interference was the mantra.
Whenever the government gets involved in transportation issues the costs go up 30 percent and you can just stretch that timeline out for years and years doing studies and regulations, said Murray, a 51-year-old retired Army colonel. Id like to see federal gas tax money come right back down to Virginia and let more public-private partnerships take care of these things on their own.
Moran, who took the stage by himself after the debate to answer the moderators questions, said the government helps bring jobs to the district even with its transportation issues.
The Department of Defense facility being built on the citys West End is expected to bring 6,400 workers but cause significant traffic strain. Moran has language in an upcoming federal bill that would limit the amount of workers initially, which he hopes will relieve those issues until a solution is reached.
He also cited Northrop Grummans recent decision to move its headquarters to the 8th District because of the federal government.
This is the strongest economy in the country and one of the reasons is because of the federal government, Moran said. Office buildings, businesses like Northrop Grumman that work with the government will bolster the areas economy.
The congressman also jabbed at the candidates lack of experience running or holding an office after Berry began his opening statement by jabbing Moran for not debating with the challengers even though he does not yet know against whom he is running.
I want to give these three guys credit, Moran said. I never would have got to Congress if I hadnt spent at least a decade on the local level. So I give the credit for running without that experience.
Berry and Murray promoted a general hands-off policy when it comes to the federal governments involvement in small local businesses and big corporations.
Berry wants to offer an alternative vision to grow jobs in the private sector by cutting corporate taxes to compete with the international marketplace and increase the research and development tax credit which would be a boom for companies in Northern Virginia.
Murray said he does not support taxes like a carbon tax that hinder businesses instead of allowing them to grow
I believe in incentivizing the private sector and not penalizing the private sector, he said. And thats what a carbon tax does.
Voters hit the polls June 8 to decide who will take on Moran.


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Four Princeton faculty members received President's Awards for Distinguished Teaching at Commencement ceremonies June 2.
They are: Mitchell Duneier, professor of sociology; Eddie Glaude, the William S. Tod Professor of Religion and African American Studies; Sharad Malik, the George Van Ness Lothrop Professor in Engineering and director of the Keller Center for Innovation in Engineering Education; and Valerie Smith, the Woodrow Wilson Professor of Literature and director of the Center for African American Studies.
The awards were established in 1991 through gifts by Princeton alumni Lloyd Cotsen '50 and John Sherrerd '52 to recognize excellence in undergraduate and graduate teaching by Princeton faculty members. Each winner receives a cash prize of $5,000, and his or her department receives $3,000 for the purchase of new books.
A committee of faculty, undergraduate and graduate students and academic administrators selected the winners from nominations by current students, faculty colleagues and alumni.
Duneier, who came to Princeton in 2003, has tripled the enrollment in introductory sociology with what one student called his "extremely engaging" lecturing style. He also teaches an annual freshman seminar on "The Ghetto" and a graduate class on "The Logic of Ethnographic Method and Writing." This fall he will offer a new class, "Sociology From E-Street: Bruce Springsteen's America." Under his leadership as department representative, the number of concentrators in sociology has almost doubled over the past five years to an all-time high.
Duneier is known for sitting in a chair on the stage of McCosh 50 and delivering his lectures without notes as if he were speaking to friends. In nominating him for the award, one of his students from the introductory class wrote, "His ability to engage an entire lecture hall while still talking as if in intimate conversation is truly remarkable. Professor Duneier becomes a storyteller in the classroom, relating his and others' experiences in the field of sociology." A colleague added, "He has a way of connecting with students that draws them in and makes them want to learn."
A graduate student who served as a preceptor for his introductory class wrote, "Professor Duneier inspired interest and curiosity with lectures that bound together sociological theory, insights into current events, classic works of social science and his own innovative ethnographic research." Duneier has received international acclaim for his scholarly research and publications in the areas of race and urban ethnography, and a career award from the American Sociological Association for distinguished contributions to sociological methodology.
His classic sociological books, "Slim's Table" and "Sidewalk," are credited with helping bring about a resurgence of urban ethnography. In these works and a new documentary updating "Sidewalk," he has offered a rich, insightful portrayal of those on the margins of society, defying common stereotypes. For "Sidewalk" he became a street vendor in New York, working with scavengers and panhandlers for many years. He also is the co-author of a leading introductory textbook in sociology, which he wrote as a first-year assistant professor and is used in hundreds of universities.
Another student wrote, "He makes a point of interacting with every student in the department, graduate and undergraduate alike. He makes us feel welcome when we first arrive, and he makes us feel at home throughout our time here. Professor Duneier is not simply approachable, he conveys the sense that he truly cares about each of us as students, as researchers, as individuals."
Glaude, who earned his Ph.D. in religion from Princeton in 1996, returned to the University as a faculty member in 2002. His undergraduate courses have included "Introduction to the Study of African American Cultural Practices," "The American Jeremiad and Social Criticism," "Black Power and Its Theology of Liberation," "African American Religious History" and "Pragmatism and Religion: James and Dewey." He also has co-taught a graduate course with Cornel West, the Class of 1943 University Professor in the Center for African American Studies, on "Introduction to the Black Intellectual Tradition."
Just as West served as a mentor to Glaude when he was a graduate student, Glaude is now guiding a generation of scholars with his inspiration and influence, according to his students. "He is able to articulate those abstract and unarticulated concepts that challenge contemporary ideas and ways of examining the fundamental questions of the subject area," wrote one student in describing a class session. "His intellectual ability and gift for identifying and clarifying ideas in his own work and in his presentation that evening is indicative of his ability to consistently bring his intellect and thought process to bear on all of the material we covered in class."
Students wrote of his dedication, in particular, to enhancing their writing skills. They recalled his offers to meet with the entire class to work on paper rewrites and his purchase of writing guides for the whole group. They also valued his one-on-one help.
"Professor Glaude sat with me during his office hours and edited my essay, line by line, sentence by sentence," wrote one alumna. "No teacher or professor had ever done that for and with me, especially after the essay had been handed in already. That day, he proved to me that he wasn't about assigning grades, but that he was dedicated to teaching and leading his students toward success."
Others wrote of his commitment to not only learn from the material he teaches, but to apply the scholarship to improve lives. "It is apparent that his own motivations to research and teach this historical era are not merely academic, but that he is striving to glean lessons from the 1960s and 1970s that could apply to the contemporary situation of African Americans in U.S. society, especially in regard to poverty in inner city and rural communities," wrote one colleague who also is a former graduate student. "Dr. Glaude inspires in his students concern not just for the historical materials under investigation, but for the well-being of our contemporary society as a whole."
Malik has been a faculty member in the Department of Electrical Engineering since 1991 and director of the Keller Center since 2006. He has taught a course for nonmajors on "Principles of Computing and Connectivity," a course for majors on "Introduction to Logic Design," a junior course on "System Design and Analysis" and a senior course on "Computer-Aided Design of Digital Systems." In addition, he has led a freshman writing class on "The Computing Age" and supervised undergraduate research projects. He also has taught a graduate course on "Electronic Design Automation."
Malik already has received several awards in the School of Engineering and Applied Science for excellence in teaching. One colleague wrote, "His teaching goes beyond lucid presentations in the classroom. He has designed and implemented important new courses, has reinvigorated existing courses and has set a 'gold standard' of success in senior independent work."
Several students cited the environment that Malik creates for his students. "The balance he struck in hands-on guidance where necessary and providing room to grow and freedom to explore was just right and just what I needed," wrote one former graduate student.
An undergraduate alumnus wrote, "It was exhilarating to be the beneficiary of the high standards he set forth for both learning and teaching. I still recall the project we built and the deep satisfaction we had from making it work, using the principles we had literally just learned. Such experiences made Princeton the place where I learned how to learn, and how to love learning. In Professor Malik's class, particularly, I learned how to work effectively in a technical team, and the magic alchemy that happens when a leader creates a positive environment for collaboration."
Another colleague wrote about the importance of the work Malik has undertaken as director of the Keller Center to improve teaching and learning throughout the School of Engineering and Applied Science and beyond. "He has stimulated the development of new curricular and noncurricular initiatives in areas such as entrepreneurship, summer seminars, freshman seminars, experiential learning and departmental curricula," he wrote. "He has taken seriously the charge to prepare all students, both in engineering and in the liberal arts, to be leaders in a technology-driven society."
Smith, who also is a professor of English and the Center for African American Studies, was a faculty member at Princeton from 1980 to 1989, then returned to the University in 2000 after 11 years at the University of California-Los Angeles. She was named director of the Program in African American Studies in 2002 and founding director of the Center for African American Studies when it was established in 2006.
Her undergraduate classes have included "Religion and Resistance in Narratives of Slavery," "Literature and Culture of the U.S. Civil Rights Movement," "Introduction to African American Intellectual Tradition: Studies in Black Feminism," "Novels of Toni Morrison," "American Autobiography as History and Literature" and "Women Writers of the African Diaspora." She also has led a graduate course on "African American Short Fiction."
One former graduate student and current colleague wrote, "Val is a one-of-a-kind scholar who deeply enriches her students' lives by inspiring them to think expansively, critically and passionately about African American literature and culture, feminist theory, film studies and civil rights cultural history."
Students and colleagues alike wrote of her ability to inspire lively discussions. "I was neither intimidated nor inhibited to speak my mind in the classroom," one undergraduate said. "Professor Smith creates an environment within a room of students that makes everyone feel like their opinions are valid, essential and beneficial to the course."
A colleague added, "She has an amazing rapport with the students, based on an intuitive grasp of what they are saying or attempting to say, combined with the ability to restate it accurately and eloquently. She listens carefully to each student and, by the warm receptivity of her response, encourages even the reticent to speak their ideas. Her attentiveness to body language and tone is remarkably acute."
Smith also has directed Princeton tours of civil rights movement sites in Alabama and Georgia. A graduate student who was along on one tour remembered, "Throughout the trip Val was able to unite a diverse group of retired alums, University administrators and underclassmen. This trip is just one of the many ways Val has been a teacher without borders. Val brings the academy into the community."


text: There is not a simple answer regarding dams and their impact on trout and salmon populations and fishing opportunities. It all depends on the type and operation of the dam itself. There are some 75,000 dams over six feet tall on rivers across the United States, and at least tens of thousands of smaller dams (possibly hundreds of thousands—the exact number is unknown). The cumulative impact of these structures can be devastating to rivers, trout and fishing. TU does not advocate for the removal of all dams—in most cases, that is neither pragmatic nor appropriate. Many dams continue to provide important benefits such as hydropower generation, irrigation and flood control—as well as recreation and tail-water fisheries. In cases of functioning, economically viable hydropower dams, for example, Trout Unlimited volunteers and staff work with dam owners and regulatory agencies to provide more "fish friendly" operations. Again, dams must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. TU is committed to finding common-sense, pragmatic solutions to dam problems that degrade or destroy important fisheries habitat and impair angling opportunity. Large Dams Large dams that discharge water from the bottom of their impoundments (the water held back by the dam) often release clean, cold water that can be beneficial for trout populations downstream. Many large dams have "created" trout habitat in places where there previously was not trout habitat. These "tailwater fisheries" often are highly productive trout fisheries and several in the West (such as the Green in Utah, San Juan in New Mexico, Bighorn in Montana) are popular destinations for anglers. It's important for large dams to have adequate fish passage facilities, because healthy fish populations need to move to different areas of the river to satisfy different life-cycle needs, from food and shelter to reproduction. Salmon and other anadromous species migrate from the ocean, and dams significantly hinder their ability to reach their spawning grounds. TU is working with federal, state and local partners on solutions to large dam problems. In the Northwest, we're seeing increased momentum to remove and modify large dams that block salmon migration. After decades of work, TU helped secure the removal of two dams—the Elwha and Glines Canyon—on Washington's Elwha River. Removing these two dams will open up over 70 miles of salmon and trout habitat that have been blocked for almost 100 years. Scientists predict that native salmon and steelhead populations will rebound from their current estimates of several thousand per year to over 300,000 in a matter of decades. On the Penobscot River in Maine, plans to remove the lower two dams and bypass a third, along with enhanced fish passage on four other dams, will open up nearly 1,000 miles of habitat for endangered Atlantic salmon, sturgeon, river herring and other species of sea-run fish. For salmon and steelhead anglers, these are dramatic and exciting victories, offering hope that salmon populations can rebound in the future, along with the fishing. Small Dams The majority of dams in the United States, however, are not large bottom-release dams. Tens of thousands of dams—most of them small concrete or earthen dams—fragment rivers and streams, block fish passage and significantly impair water quality. Many of them are aging and obsolete. The water impounded by these dams warms in the sun—often to a point where downstream reaches can no longer support trout populations (trout need clean, cold water to survive). The sheer number of these types of dams in rivers and streams across the country has had a serious impact on trout and salmon habitat, and, of course, fishing opportunity. TU advocates for the removal of old, unsafe, uneconomical dams that are doing more harm than good. Selective small dam removal, thoughtfully carried out, is increasingly recognized as one of the most cost-effective fisheries and river restoration methods available.. For example, on Spread Creek in Wyoming, an important tributary of the Snake River, TU partnered with federal agencies to remove an aging concrete diversion dam that was no longer being used for irrigation. The project, featured in this TU video, opened more than 50 miles of upstream habitat to native Yellowstone cutthroat trout. We've also completed scores of successful project that retrofit dams with fish ladders—another effective way to reconnect a watershed and give fish greater access to river habitat.


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Rich Lee shares quick story of Eminem's "Houdini" music video
Hip-hop artists react to Eminem's "Houdini"
Logic shouts out Eminem in a new song, teases another song with Slim Shady
Eminem earns his biggest ever streaming debut on global Spotify with "Houdini"
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6th Annual Rural Health Conference
June 5, 2013
Stoney Creek Inn
2601 South Providence Road
Columbia, Missouri 65203
Missouri Office of Primary Care and Rural Health have partnered with the Missouri Hospital Association, Primaris, Missouri Primary Care Association, Center for Patient Safety, and Missouri Association for Rural Health Clinics to design the New Horizons in Rural Healthcare conference. This one day conference will provide healthcare leaders in small rural communities the opportunity to network and hear valuable information about current and emerging rural healthcare.
- Conference Attendees
- Workshop Agenda
- Online Conference Registration
- Speaker Bios
- Presentations (posted when available)
Patient-Centered Medical Home Model – Angela Herman
Community-Based Care Transitions – Diana Hoemann
Federal Legislative & Regulatory Update – David Lee
Merger Acquisition – William Mahoney
Community Health Needs Assessment – Mary Becker & Leslie Porth
Make your own lodging reservations for night of June 4, 2013 (one person per facility stays free on June 4, 2013).
Check the website prior to the conference to print information to take to the conference.
Information Contacts:
Marie Ballew at firstname.lastname@example.com or 573-526-2825 or
Melissa VanDyne at firstname.lastname@example.com or 573-526-9687