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Thirty-two Princeton University faculty members were transferred to emeritus status in recent action by the Board of Trustees. All are effective July 1, 2013, except where noted. The faculty members are listed below, and their bios may be viewed by clicking on their names or scrolling down the page.
Leonard Babby, a professor of Slavic languages and literatures, has published widely in the field of generative linguistics and is a renowned scholar of Slavic languages and morphosyntactic theory. He was one of the first linguists to apply generative grammar to Slavic languages, seeking out the general laws and rules that governed their structure. In his 60 scholarly articles and five monographs, he has tackled such subjects as a two-tiered theory of argument structure, impersonal sentences and negative existential sentences.
After spending 20 years at Cornell University, Babby came to Princeton in 1991, where he has served as the head of the Slavic languages and literatures department's Ph.D. Program in Slavic and Theoretical Linguistics and as director of the Program in Linguistics. He had also served as an assistant professor at Princeton in 1970-71. Babby earned his B.A. in Russian language and literature from Brooklyn College, and his Ph.D. from Harvard University.
Mark Cohen, the Khedouri A. Zilkha Professor of Jewish Civilization in the Near East and professor of Near Eastern studies, is a distinguished historian of Jews in the medieval Islamic world. His published work includes studies of Muslim-Jewish relations, Jewish social and economic history, the structure and functioning of the Jewish community, the Cairo Geniza, and Jewish law and society, as well as a translation and edition of the autobiography of a famous 17th-century Venetian rabbi. In addition to publishing scores of articles and books, Cohen established and has led the Princeton Geniza Project, an online database of transcriptions of documents used by scholars worldwide.
Cohen, who began teaching at Princeton in 1973, has also promoted understanding between Jews and Muslims in public talks and op-ed pieces. After receiving his A.B. from Brandeis University and M.A. from Columbia University, he received his M.H.L. and Ph.D. from the Jewish Theological Seminary.
Martin Collcutt, a professor of East Asian studies and history, developed his interest in Japan after college, when he took a position teaching English in Japan, which led to learning Japanese, meeting his wife, and tutoring the then-crown prince in English. Since that time, he has focused his research and teaching on elements of Japanese history, religion and culture, including Zen Buddhism, the arts in medieval Japan, the aristocratic and warrior culture of the Heian and Kamakura periods, and Japan's relations with China and the West. Collcutt's principal publications include "Five Mountains: The Rinzai Zen Monastic Institution in Medieval Japan" in 1981; "Cultural Atlas of Japan" with Marius Jansen and Isao Kamakura in 1988; and the translation of "The Iwakura Embassy, 1871-1873, Volume 1," compiled by Kume Kunitake, in 2002.
Collcutt joined the Princeton faculty in 1975, served as chair of the East Asian studies department for three years and was director of the East Asian studies program for nearly 20 years, strengthening the intensive study of Chinese and Japanese. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Cambridge and his doctoral degree from Harvard.
John Conway, the John Von Neumann Professor in Applied and Computational Mathematics and professor of mathematics, has made significant contributions in the fields of group theory, number theory, algebra, geometric topology, theoretical physics, combinatorial game theory and geometry over the last 50 years. In addition to dozens of articles and books, his accomplishments include inventing a new system of numbers, the surreal numbers, and, with Princeton Professor of Mathematics Emeritus Simon Kochen, proving the Free Will Theorem, which stated that elementary particles can freely choose their spins in experiments, consistent with physical law.
Conway's numerous honors include the London Mathematical Society's Berwick Prize and Pólya Prize, Northwestern University's Nemmers Prize in Mathematics, and the American Mathematical Society's Leroy P. Steele Prize for Mathematical Exposition. Conway is a fellow of the Royal Society of London and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He received his B.A. and Ph.D. from Cambridge and joined Princeton's faculty in 1987.
Edward Cox, the Edwin Grant Conklin Professor of Biology and professor of molecular biology, has made seminal contributions in four major areas of biology: the genetics and population consequences of error rate control during DNA replication in microbial populations, the genesis of large-scale spatial patterns in simple developmental systems, the development of new ways to study single molecules in microfabricated environments, and the analysis of single molecular events in living bacterial cells in real time.
Cox joined the Princeton faculty in 1967, and served in several administrative posts, including as associate dean of the college from 1972 to 1977 and as chair of the Department of Biology from 1977 to 1987. He received his B.Sc. from the University of British Columbia and his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania, followed by training as a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University.
Frederick Dryer, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, has focused his research in the field of energy conversion, with particular interest in the chemistry of combustion and the chemical kinetics of fuels and other materials. His work on ignition and combustion has contributed to fire safety-related issues, and for three decades he has collaborated with NASA on experiments related to isolated droplet burning in low-gravity environments.
Dryer received his B.A. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and his Ph.D. from Princeton. He served as a member of Princeton's professional research staff for 10 years before joining the faculty in 1981. In addition to mentoring more than 50 students, Dryer served as undergraduate departmental representative from 1984 to 1987 and as associate dean of academic affairs for the School of Engineering and Applied Science from 1987 to 1990.
Thomas Espenshade's wide-ranging career as a professor of sociology and faculty associate in the Office of Population Research (OPR) has covered families and household economics, contemporary immigration flows, the development of mathematical models, and the sociology of education and affirmative action. His publications include 150 articles and 13 books and monographs including the prize-winning book "No Longer Separate, Not Yet Equal: Race and Class in Elite College Admission and Campus Life."
Espenshade earned his B.A. from The College of Wooster, his master's degree at Yale University, and his Ph.D. from Princeton. He taught at Bowdoin College, Florida State University and Brown University and worked at The Urban Institute and U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service before joining Princeton in 1988. In addition to mentoring many cohorts of students and postdocs, Espenshade has served as the departmental representative and chair of the sociology department, as well as the director of graduate studies of OPR.
Jacques Fresco, the Damon B. Pfeiffer Professor in the Life Sciences and professor of molecular biology, is a pioneer in the biochemistry of nucleic acids, and since his faculty appointment in 1960 he has helped develop the field at Princeton. Fresco's research has spanned several areas of DNA and RNA biochemistry, including tRNA structure and folding, gene repair for sickle cell anemia, mechanisms of spontaneous mutation and developing a rationale for the evolution of the genetic code. His research has been reported in many published papers, meeting abstracts, book chapters and patents.
After Fresco earned his bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees from New York University, he worked as a fellow at the Sloan-Kettering Institute, as an instructor in biochemistry and pharmacology at NYU School of Medicine, and then as a senior fellow at Harvard and the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. First in 1965 and then from 1974 to 1980, he served as chair of Princeton's biochemical sciences department, which later evolved into the Department of Molecular Biology. Fresco has remained active in research and teaching throughout his 53 years at Princeton — he is teaching this spring and just published a paper on his current research, which he intends to continue to pursue during his retirement.
Charles Gross, a professor of psychology and the Princeton Neuroscience Institute, has contributed foundational work to the field of cognitive neuroscience. He has specialized in studying the primate visual system and has revolutionized scientists' understanding of sensory processing and pattern recognition. Throughout his career, Gross has studied neurons in the inferior temporal cortex of the brain, analyzing their visual functions as they relate to perception and learning.
After receiving his B.A. from Harvard, Gross studied ethology at Cambridge on a Fulbright Scholarship before earning his Ph.D. in psychology there. He was a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and faculty member at Harvard prior to joining Princeton's faculty in 1970. Among his many honors, Gross is a fellow of the American Psychological Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
András Hámori, the Cleveland E. Dodge Professor of Near Eastern Studies, is one of the foremost scholars of classical Arabic literature. His scholarship combines linguistic expertise with literary criticism, as in his pioneering 1974 text, "On the Art of Medieval Arabic Literature." Hámori has written about a range of topics, from the Arabic background of some Hebrew poems from medieval Spain to the "Thousand and One Nights," and from the concepts of shame and prudence in an eighth-century mirror for princes to modern jihadist poetry.
Hámori earned his A.B. at Princeton and his Ph.D. from Harvard, and he began teaching at Princeton in 1967. He served as chair of the Department of Near Eastern Studies from 1997 to 2005.
Marie-Hélène Huet, the M. Taylor Pyne Professor of French and Italian, has taught and researched a number of topics throughout her career, with a focus on 18th- and 19th-century French thought and literature. Her publication topics include Jules Verne, the French Revolution, the monstrous in French Enlightenment writings and the culture of disaster. Huet's many honors include a Guggenheim Fellowship and being awarded the title of Officier dans l'Ordre des Palmes Académiques by the French government for her contributions to culture and the arts.
Huet joined the Princeton faculty in 1999, after teaching at the University of California-Berkeley, Amherst College, the University of Virginia and University of Michigan. She earned her doctorate from the University of Bordeaux.
Morton Kostin, a professor of chemical and biological engineering, has been interested in a wide range of fields in science and engineering throughout his career, publishing refereed articles in reaction kinetics, quantum tunneling, the Fokker-Planck equation, Kramers' theory of chemical kinetics, reaction engineering, kinetics and diffusion of multienzyme systems, membrane diffusion, dissipative effects in quantum theory, transport phenomena and chemical reaction in catalytic reactors, anomalous osmosis, the Nernst-Planck equation, Monte Carlo methods, the Boltzmann equation, hot-atom chemistry, variational methods and numerical analysis. More recently, Kostin has used this background to extend the range of phenomena covered by transition state theory. This has been successful, and in many cases he has obtained excellent to very good agreement with experiment. The advantages of this new approach are that it is more comprehensive, more accurate and more rigorous than the well-known traditional equations of transition state theory. His retirement and the excellent facilities of the University will enable him to devote full time to this exciting and enjoyable research.
Kostin received his bachelor's degree from The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art and his Ph.D. from Harvard. At Princeton, he served as a research associate, postdoctoral fellow and visiting lecturer before joining the faculty in 1964.
Heath Lowry, the Ataturk Professor of Ottoman and Modern Turkish Studies and professor of Near Eastern studies, is a renowned scholar who has researched the entire chronological scope of Ottoman and modern Turkish history. He has written dozens of articles and books covering institutional, urban, cultural, economic, architectural and diplomatic histories of the region. They include "Trabzon Şehrinin İslamlaşma ve Türkleşmesi, 1461-1583" ("The Islamization and Turkification of Trabzon, 1461-1583"), now in its fifth edition.
Prior to coming to Princeton in 1993, Lowry helped found the history department at Bosphoros University in Istanbul, was a senior research associate at Harvard's Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, and directed the Institute of Turkish Studies. He received his B.A. from Portland State University and his Ph.D. from the University of California-Los Angeles.
Richard Miles, the Robert Porter Patterson Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, is an expert in hypersonics and advanced laser diagnostics, and his research has spanned a range of topics including the use of lasers, electron beams, microwaves, morphing materials, and magnetic devices to observe, control, accelerate, extract power, and precondition gas flows for supersonic and hypersonic fluid dynamics, diagnostics, and propulsion applications. He invented a variety of diagnostics, including nonlinear optical methods to write and follow lines and patterns for the measurement of turbulence, and he has been a leader in the field of plasma interactions in air, including the use of magnetohydrodynamic forces to control boundary layers and extract power. His recent work involves imaging the dynamics of high-speed flows and using lasers and radar for standoff detection of trace contaminants in air. He expects to continue this research as an emeritus professor and senior research scientist.
Miles earned his bachelor's and doctoral degrees from Stanford. He joined the Princeton faculty in 1972 and served as chair of the Program in Engineering Physics from 1980 to 1996. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.
Chiara Nappi, a professor of physics, has made important contributions to a broad range of problems in modern particle theory. She has contributed to mathematical physics, string theory, models of baryons in quantum chromodynamics, quantum black hole physics, and supersymmetric phenomenology.
Nappi has been a member of the Princeton theoretical physics community for more than 30 years. She was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study from 1980 to 1983 and 1988 to 1999, and at Princeton was a senior research physicist from 1983 to 1988 and has been a professor since 2001. From 1999 to 2001, she was a professor at the University of Southern California. In addition to serving as director of graduate studies and departmental representative for undergraduates, Nappi has promoted science in a variety of venues, including writing in English and Italian publications about science education, serving on the board of the Princeton school system, and founding a summer school that aims to motivate women and minorities to persevere in advanced studies in theoretical physics. She earned her undergraduate and doctoral degrees at the University of Naples.
Susan Naquin, a professor of history and East Asian studies, is an eminent historian of late imperial China. Her studies of sectarian religion using Qing dynasty archives led to her first two books, "Millenarian Rebellion in China" and "The Wang Lun Uprising of 1774." Naquin's "Peking: Temples and City Life, 1400-1900" used deep empirical research and analysis to show how the religious institutions of China's capital facilitated the city's vibrant cultural, social and economic life during the Ming and Qing periods.
Naquin received her bachelor's degree from Stanford and her Ph.D. from Yale. She taught at UPenn before joining the Princeton faculty in 1993. She served as chair of the East Asian studies department from 2001 to 2005 and 2007-08, and received the Graduate Mentoring Award in 2009. Naquin's other honors include the Award for Scholarly Distinction from the American Historical Association, and fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation, Fulbright-Hays Program, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, and American Council of Learned Societies.
Edward Nelson, a professor of mathematics, has contributed to a number of fields of mathematics, including probability, logic, foundations, mathematical physics and analysis. In 1995, he won the Steele Prize for research of seminal importance for his contributions to constructive quantum field theory. Nelson is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences.
Nelson studied at the Liceo Scientifico Giovanni Verga in Rome before earning his Ph.D. at the University of Chicago. Prior to his appointment to the Princeton faculty in 1959, he spent three years as a member of the Institute for Advanced Study.
John Pinto, the Howard Crosby Butler Memorial Professor of the History of Architecture and professor of art and archaeology, has focused on architecture, urbanism and landscape in Italy, especially Rome, throughout his career. One of his key publications is "Hadrian's Villa and Its Legacy," which he co-authored with his former Smith College colleague William MacDonald, and which won multiple prizes including the Book of the Year Award from the American Institute of Architects. Pinto's other research interests include 18th-century architecture in Rome, the prints of Giovanni Battista Piranesi and the image of Rome in art and literature.
Pinto earned his B.A. and Ph.D. at Harvard, and he joined the Princeton faculty in 1988 after teaching at Smith for a dozen years. At Princeton, he served multiple stints as director of graduate studies and as acting chair; he also was associate chair from 1992 to 1999.
Albert Raboteau, the Henry W. Putnam Professor of Religion, is one of the foremost scholars of African American religious history. His first book, "Slave Religion: The 'Invisible Institution' in the Antebellum South," reshaped historians' understanding of black religious history and religious life, showing how black Christians reimagined their faith to make it give meaning to their own experience of slavery rather than accept the perspective of their oppressors.
Raboteau earned a bachelor's degree from Loyola Marymount University, a master's in English from Berkeley, took graduate courses in theology from Marquette University, and his Ph.D. from Yale. He came to Princeton in 1982 after teaching at Yale and Berkeley. Raboteau has served in numerous administrative posts, including chair of the religion department and dean of the Graduate School.
François Rigolot, the Meredith Howland Pyne Professor of French Literature, is a prolific scholar of Renaissance literature, with more than 200 articles and book chapters to his name, along with nine monographs and nine edited volumes. Many of his publications have examined the great writers of 16th-century France, and have investigated rhetoric, stylistics and poetics. Among Rigolot's many honors are a P.O. Kristeller Lifetime Achievement Award from the Renaissance Society of America, the Chevalier dans l'Ordre National du Mérite from the French government, a Guggenheim Fellowship and a National Endowment for the Humanities fellowship.
Rigolot studied at the École des Hautes Etudes Commerciales before earning his M.A. in economics from Northwestern and his Ph.D. in French from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He taught at Wisconsin, Michigan and Middlebury College before joining the Princeton faculty in 1974.
Daniel Rodgers, the Henry Charles Lea Professor of History, is a renowned historian of American cultural and intellectual life. In his prize-winning books, he has tackled the subjects of work ethic in the era of high industrialism, key words in American politics, social politics during the Progressive Era, and the fracture of major intellectual trends and identities in modern times.
After earning his bachelor's degree in engineering from Brown, Rodgers spent a year providing social services in Oregon through AmeriCorps, then known as Volunteers in Service to America, or VISTA. He then completed his Ph.D. in American history at Yale. He taught at the University of Wisconsin-Madison before coming to Princeton in 1980. At the University, Rodgers was chair of the history department from 1988 to 1995 and 1997-98, directed the Shelby Cullom Davis Center for Historical Studies from 2008 to 2012 and won the President's Award for Distinguished Teaching and Howard T. Behrman Award for Distinguished Achievement in the Humanities.
Gilbert Rozman, the Musgrave Professor of Sociology, has spanned the fields of sociology, regional studies and international relations in his studies of China, Japan, Korea and Russia. His research covers the topics of pre-modern urbanization and modernization in Russia and East Asia, these societies' perceptions of each other, regionalism in Asia and national identity studies. Rozman's work has won him numerous grants and honors.
Rozman spent his junior year of college at Princeton studying Russian and Chinese in the University's Critical Languages Program. He earned his bachelor's degree at Carleton College and his Ph.D. from Princeton. Rozman has long been a proponent of internationalization efforts at the University, serving on the Council on Regional Studies and chairing the Faculty Committee on International Experience in Undergraduate Education.
Peter Schäfer, the Ronald O. Perelman Professor of Jewish Studies and professor of religion, is a leading scholar of rabbinic Judaism and early Jewish mysticism. His scholarship shaped the way hekhalot manuscripts were compared and edited, and it offered an alternate narrative to their interpretation. Schäfer's work with rabbinic thought has covered comparative work on editions of the Talmud and the relationship between rabbinic thought and Christianity. He also has worked to make important manuscripts available online.
Schäfer studied at the University of Bonn and Hebrew University before earning his Ph.D. at the University of Freiburg and his habilitation at the University of Frankfurt. He taught at the University of Tübingen, University of Cologne and Free University of Berlin before joining the Princeton faculty in 1998. Schäfer has been the director of the Program in Judaic Studies since 2005.
José Scheinkman, the Theodore A. Wells '29 Professor of Economics, will transfer to emeritus status on Sept. 1, 2013. Over his career, he has contributed to a number of areas of economics, including mathematical methods, theories of competition and industrial organization, macroeconomics, social interactions, asset-price bubbles, financial time series, and friction in financial markets.
Scheinkman received his B.A. from the Undersidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, his M.A. from the Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada, and his Ph.D. from the University of Rochester. After teaching at the University of Chicago, he came to Princeton in 1999, where he joined the economics department and helped build up Princeton's newly established Bendheim Center for Finance. In addition, Scheinkman has worked as a practitioner in finance in the United States and in public affairs in Brazil.
Anne-Marie Slaughter, the Bert G. Kerstetter '66 University Professor of Politics and International Affairs in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, will transfer to emeritus status on Sept. 1, 2013. While serving as dean of the Wilson School from 2002 to 2011, she grew the faculty, especially in international relations; expanded the Master in Public Policy program and established the joint Ph.D. program; and created numerous centers and the Scholars in the Nation's Service Initiative. A scholar of international relations and international law, Slaughter also served for two years as the director for policy planning for the U.S. State Department.
After receiving her A.B. from Princeton in 1980, Slaughter earned her M.Phil. and D.Phil. in international relations from the University of Oxford and a J.D. from Harvard Law School. She taught at the University of Chicago Law School and Harvard before joining the Princeton faculty in 2002. Slaughter will become the president of the New America Foundation in the fall.
Robert Socolow, a professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, is known for his interdisciplinary work on energy and the environment. His 1971 book "Patient Earth," with his Yale colleague John Harte, was one of the first books to combine the science and social issues involved in climate, energy, water and land use issues. Socolow is also well-known for his 2004 article in Science, with Princeton's Frederick D. Petrie Professor in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Stephen Pacala, on climate change mitigation via stabilization wedges.
Socolow earned his B.A. and Ph.D. from Harvard. He joined the Princeton faculty in 1971 after teaching at Yale and working as a postdoctoral fellow at Berkeley and the European Center for Nuclear Research in Geneva. At Princeton, he has led the Carbon Mitigation Initiative with Pacala, and he helped launch the Center for Environmental Studies, the Princeton Environmental Institute, and the Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy. Socolow is a fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Zoltán Soos, a professor of chemistry, has conducted research at the intersection of chemistry and physics for nearly half a century. His research has focused on organic molecular solids, ion radical and charge transfer salts, neutral-ionic phase transitions, electronic excitations of conjugated polymers, triplet spin excitons and one-dimentional spin systems. Some of these areas have seen numerous applications with the rise of electronic devices over the last three decades. Soos has had a large network of collaborators, from his graduate students to Princeton colleagues, and from Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, N.M., to the University of Parma in Italy and the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore, India.
Prior to coming to Princeton in 1966, Soos was a National Science Foundation postdoctoral fellow at Stanford. He earned his bachelor's degree in chemistry and physics at Harvard, and he earned his Ph.D. at the California Institute of Technology.
Erik Vanmarcke, a professor of civil and environmental engineering, has explored a wide range of research interests in engineering throughout his career, including random fields and random media; risk assessment and management against earthquakes, wind and other hazards; energy density fluctuations in the early universe; and the formation of the cosmic structure. One of his most important contributions was his 1983 book "Random Fields: Analysis and Synthesis," an introduction to random field theory across disciplines; the second expanded edition of the text was published in 2010 by World Scientific.
Vanmarcke received his bachelor's degree from the University of Leuven in Belgium, his master's degree from the University of Delaware, and his Ph.D. from MIT. He taught at MIT until he joined the Princeton faculty in 1985. His honors include the American Society of Civil Engineers' 2012 Alfred M. Freudenthal Medal for distinguished achievement in safety and reliability studies and being named a distinguished member of the society, and election to the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences of Belgium.
Maurizio Viroli, a professor of politics, is a scholar of political theory and the history of political thought. His books have focused on Jean Jacques Rousseau, Niccolò Macchiavelli, the language of politics, nationalism, and religion and politics, and he has also studied classical republicanism, constitutionalism, classical rhetoric, citizenship and civic education.
Viroli joined the Princeton faculty in 1987. He studied at the University of Bologna and received his Ph.D. from the European University Institute in Florence. In addition to his visiting positions at other universities, he has served as an adviser to the president of the Italian Republic and is director of a Master in Civic Education program in Asti, Italy. Viroli currently has a faculty position at the University of Italian Switzerland, and he will take on a position at the University of Texas-Austin in spring 2014.
Frank von Hippel, a professor of public and international affairs in the Wilson School, is a nuclear physicist and an expert on nuclear arms control and proliferation policy. Early in his career, he researched elementary particle physics theory. He then developed an interest in public policy and has worked on proposals related to the elimination of the production and use of plutonium and highly enriched uranium. Von Hippel lent technical support to Mikhail Gorbachev's initiatives to achieve a Comprehensive Test Ban and arms reductions treaties, worked in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and co-founded the International Panel of Fissile Materials.
Von Hippel earned his bachelor's degree at MIT and his Ph.D. at Oxford, where he was a Rhodes Scholar. After holding positions at the University of Chicago, Cornell, Argonne National Laboratory and Stanford, he came to Princeton in 1974. In 1975, von Hippel co-founded what is now Princeton's Program on Science and Global Security.
Andrew Wiles, the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Mathematics, transferred to emeritus status Sept. 1, 2012. He received widespread acclaim for his proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, which had been unsolved for more than three centuries, in a 1995 paper titled "Modular Elliptic Curves and Fermat's Last Theorem" in the Annals of Mathematics. In doing so, Wiles brought fundamental new techniques into number theory, and he has made many other contributions to number theory through his research and his advising of graduate students at Princeton. Wiles also chaired the mathematics department from 2005 to 2009.
Wiles received his undergraduate degree at Oxford and his Ph.D. at Cambridge. He joined the Princeton faculty in 1982, and after his transfer to emeritus status he became the Royal Society Research Professor at Oxford. Wiles' many awards include the Shaw Prize and being knighted as Sir Andrew Wiles by the Queen of England.
Michael Wood, the Charles Barnwell Straut Class of 1923 Professor of English and Comparative Literature, is a prominent literary and cultural critic with a column in the London Review of Books and a long list of publications to his name. His interests include film studies, postcolonialism and literary criticism, and he is an expert on the modern novel in English, French, German and Spanish.
After earning his bachelor's and doctoral degrees at Cambridge, Wood took his first teaching position there. He traveled as a freelance writer and taught at Columbia and the University of Exeter before coming to Princeton in 1995. He chaired the Gauss Seminars in Criticism from 1995 to 2001 and the English department from 1998 to 2004.


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Some of the heaviest advertisers in the 2012 presidential campaign are groups financed by anonymous donors. They're not organized as political committees, but as "social welfare" organizations.
Peter Overby, NPR's money and politics correspondent, says one of those groups is rivaling the campaigns themselves for money spent on high-profile ads so far in the campaign.
Four months before the election, the top three advertisers are President Obama's re-election campaign ($40 million), Mitt Romney's campaign ($32 million), and — at $29 million — Crossroads GPS, which is classified as a "social welfare" organization for federal tax purposes, Overby tells NPR's Weekend Edition Saturday.
And such social welfare organizations are looming large, Overby reports. One such group, Americans for Prosperity, which is backed by wealthy conservative donors, rolled out a $9 million ad campaign in swing states attacking Obama and the health care law right after the June 28 Supreme Court ruling.
Officially, social welfare organizations are classified under Section 501(c)(4) of the tax code, which means they perform some kind of public or community benefit, Overby explains. They include groups like local volunteer fire departments, Rotary International and the League of Women Voters.
"There's this gray area where election law meets tax law," Overby explains. "While the campaigns are disclosing their donors, the superPACs are disclosing their donors, the (c)(4)s do not have to disclose their donors."
Republican strategist Karl Rove, a leader of Crossroads GPS, told Fox News recently why the group can call itself a "social welfare" organization: "It's a social welfare organization because it spends the vast preponderance of its money in furtherance of its social welfare goals. It's an issues advocacy group. For example, it's talking right now about the need to change our policies on spending and debt."
Crossroads GPS, which was formed in 2010, shortly after the Supreme Court's Citizens United ruling that loosened some campaign finance regulations, has raised $77 million in its first two years in existence. Overby reports that 90 percent of that came from — at most — 24 donors.
"This is what makes the social welfare organization approach so appealing," Overby explains. "You've got a couple dozen people who are able to play this incredibly powerful role in the election. It's anonymous. Nobody will ever know who they are. Not their business competitors. Not their political rivals. And not the voters."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.

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Cologne: Cultural Choice Or Necessity?
Comedian Kevin Heffernan considers how his life will change if he starts wearing cologne.
You're listening to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News.
Can we keep evolving as we get older? That's a question comedian and commentator Kevin Heffernan decided to explore. And his approach to changing himself was an aromatic one.
KEVIN HEFFERNAN, BYLINE: Cologne, it's a life choice. Some say it's hereditary. If your dad did it, you will. Like what sports team you root for or circumcision. Some say it's cultural. Some say it's a necessity.
I've never been a cologne guy, but for some reason, it's always intrigued me. What am I missing? Don't I want to smell distinctive? Don't I want people to know I've entered the room before they see me? I decided to dive in, but that raised the next question: Where do I start?
Cologne is a whole new subculture. It was like all of a sudden I was going to be a wine guy or a gun guy - two other things I know nothing about. So I turned to a cologne-wearing friend, and he simply asked me: Well, what do you want to smell like?
And I thought, whoa, what an interesting proposition: The ability to pick a new smell for myself, to reinvent my current smell. Do I want to smell tangy with a hint of citrus? Do I want to smell woody? How about melon and apple with a sandalwood base, or maybe just cut grass? Or do I align myself with one of those celebrity scents?
I'm a Yankees fan. Do I go with Derek Jeter's Driven, or Unforgivable by P. Diddy, or Blue Seduction by Antonio Banderas? Finally, I leapt. I won't say which scent I chose because I'm not here to endorse. But let's just say I smelled like cool winter air mixed with amber and a hint of grapefruit. So I wore it out on the town, feeling self-conscious like when you go out for the first time with your brand-new perm. And immediately, someone asked: Kevin, are you wearing cologne?
And I froze. And I said: I'd rather not say. And then the person said: Well, I can smell it. And then I thought, maybe I don't want to be cologne guy. Maybe I don't want people to smell me approaching. Maybe I don't want my steering wheel to continue to smell like me after I've left the car. Maybe I should scrap this. So I did. Not long after, my wife brought it up. She said: Hey, I thought you were going to start wearing that cologne? I said: Yeah, well, I don't know if it was for me.
And she said: I liked it. And I said: What, you didn't like the way I smelled before? And she said: No, no. I just thought it was kind of sexy and new and sexy. And immediately, I thought, well, maybe next I could try something more in the lavender or the birch leaf family, until winter, of course, and then I'll switch to something woodier with a touch of tonka bean. Maybe I'm a cologne guy after all.
CORNISH: Commentator Kevin Heffernan. In addition to being cologne guy, he's a comedian guy and actor guy. His live standup special "Fat Man Little Boy" recently premiered on Netflix.
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******The pricture and specifications are subject to change without prior notice.******
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Welcome to BOWAY
BOWAY 3010A 150M Medicine Automatic Seal Cut OPP Film Paper Tape Wrapping Banding Strapping Machine
Usage :
Product Name | Auto Seal and Cut Tape Banding Machine |
Model No. | BW-3010A |
Supplier | BOWAY |
Web | bowaychina.en.made-in-china.com |
Strapping Tension | 5-40N |
Suitable Strap | Paper or OPP Film |
Strap Specification | Width 30mm* Thickness 0.1mm* Length 150m |
Max.Package | 380*200mm |
Min. Package | 40*40mm |
Strap Speed | 3sec |
Control system | PCB |
Strapping Tension | 5-40N |
Voltage | 220V/110V,50HZ/60HZ |
Machine Size | 596*364*504mm |
Machine Weight | 32kg |
1: Light-duty tension, automatically seal and cut
2: PCB control system with screen
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4: Compact design
Trading Terms
Terms of payment | T/T, L/C, Westion Union. |
Terms of trade | FOB, CFR, CIF |
Mode of transportation | By Sea, By Air |
Port of shipment | Shanghai or Ningbo |
Rerfence date of delivery | About 15 days, Instant supply of hot-selling products |
About Shipment
Certificate of Fumigation | √ |
Certificate of Original | CO, FORM A, FORM F, FORM E etc. Guarantee customer to import goods at the preferential tariff rate |
Certificate of Inspection | √ |
Documents Authentication | √ |
I. Agents Training
II. Warranty
We provide one-year limited warranty for all machines from the date of purchase
1. Our warranty covers only those defects which arise as a result of normal use of the product, and the bellows not apply to any:
♦ Improper or inadequate maintenance
♦ Misusage and mishandling
♦ Damaged by a wrong voltage use
♦ Physical damage(for example, dropping the parts on the floor or into water, broken case, etc)
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Exchange and refund only on big defective units (beyond repair).For buyers' used machines, we only can support repair service.
Repair: We provide free spare parts (just include the main board and motor) within the warranty period. Buyer should provide serial number and photos of defective machines, but buyer should pay the shipment charges and return us the broken parts.
Exchange: If you reported problem to us in one month on arrival of the machine, we accept the exchange. Buyer needs pay the ship back sea freight and the sea freight for new machine.
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We still offer the repair service to you when the warranty time is over, even we can offer you the repair service in the whole life of machine.
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When you meet the problem of our machine under the situation that you are not familiar with our machines.
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Post press machine,such as Perfect glue binder, paper cutter, Roll laminator, UV coator machine and
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Yes, we are in Hangzhou which middle of shanghai and Ningbo
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By Sea
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Payment term: T/T before shipment.
We accept payment via the Paypal /Western union/TT, you can choose as you like.
8.What's the delivery time?
Within 15 days after get the payment


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The Food and Drug Administration today took another step toward restricting use of OxyContin and other powerful and often-abused prescription pain medications.
The move comes amid an emotional debate over so-called long-acting opioid analgesics. Federal health officials and others are concerned about therising number of Americans who are getting addicted to the drugs and overdosing on them. Pain specialists and their patients, however, fear that restrictions risk making it too hard for patients who need the drugs to get them.
In announcing the new requirements, Hamburg told reporters that the agency is trying to balance the dangers of abuse with the needs of patients.
"The FDA is invoking its authority to require safety labeling changes and post-market studies to combat the crisis of misuse, abuse, addiction, overdose and death from these potent drugs that have harmed too many patients and devastated too many families and communities," FDA Commissioner Margaret A. Hamburg said in a statement.
"Today's action demonstrates the FDA's resolve to reduce the serious risks of long-acting and extended release opioids while still seeking to preserve appropriate access for those patients who rely on these medications to manage their pain," Hamburg said.
Among the changes is a warning to doctors that the drugs should only be prescribed for "pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term" treatment, Hamburg said. Currently, the drugs are recommended for patients with "moderate to severe" pain.
In addition, under the new guidelines the drugs should be "reserved" for patients "for whom alternative treatment options are ineffective, not tolerated or would be otherwise inadequate to provide sufficient management of pain," Hamburg said.
At the same time, the agency is requiring a new label directed at pregnant women. The prominent "boxed" warning labels will warn that chronic use of the drugs by pregnant women can cause a life-threatening complication in their babies known as neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Newborns go through withdrawal because they are no longer exposed to an addictive drug.
The agency also is demanding that companies that make the drugs conduct more studies to assess the risks associated with using the drugs, including addiction, abuse and fatal overdoses.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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It's MORNING EDITION from NPR News. I'm Steve Inskeep.
And I'm Renee Montagne. We come to you this morning with grim news. The U.S. ambassador to Libya and three other Americans have been killed when protesters stormed the U.S. consulate in Benghazi. The protests were sparked yesterday by an American-made video circulating on the Web that ridicules Islam and the prophet Muhammad.
Moments ago, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton spoke of Ambassador John Christopher Stevens and the other men who died. Of him she said he made Libya's hopes his hopes.
SECRETARY HILLARY CLINTON: In the lobby of this building, the State Department, the names of those who have fallen in the line of duty are inscribed in marble. Our hearts break over each one, and now, because of this tragedy, we have new heroes to honor and more friends to mourn.
MONTAGNE: Secretary Clinton moments ago. NPR's Michele Kelemen joins us now. Good morning.
MICHELE KELEMEN, BYLINE: Good morning, Renee.
MONTAGNE: Now, I know you knew Ambassador Chris Stevens well. Tell us about him.
KELEMEN: Well, he was a 21-year veteran of the foreign service. He served in many places in the Middle East before taking this job as ambassador in Libya, and in fact he played a key role in shaping U.S. policy during the uprising against Moammar Gadhafi. Ambassador Chris Stevens was then the U.S. envoy to the opposition in Benghazi, and as Secretary Clinton said in her very emotional statement just now, he risked his life trying to stop a tyrant and he died trying to help this new nation.
So she's asking the questions that many in the State Department family are raising today: How could this happen in a country that we all helped liberate and in a city that we helped save? That was - those were her words this morning.
MONTAGNE: Well, let me ask you something about that then. You know, how could it happen? Apparently there's this video. It sparked protests also in Cairo, which did not end in - did not turn deadly, certainly. What are the Libyans saying and what is the State Department saying about the protests?
KELEMEN: Secretary Clinton pointed out that Libyans and U.S. security forces tried to fight back what she called this small and savage group of protesters. The Libyans say that it was not only a protest against this video but that there were supporters of the ousted leader, Moammar Gadhafi, that got involved in this attack.
Clinton spoke last night with the president of Libya and she said he also condemned the attack, and she said we won't rest until we find those who are responsible.
MONTAGNE: And of course we have yet to know really what all the facts are that led to these deaths. What do you know about the other Americans who were killed?
KELEMEN: Secretary Clinton identified one of them as a foreign service information management officer. His name is Sean Smith. He joined the State Department 10 years ago and served in Baghdad, Pretoria, Montreal and the Hague. Sorry. And Clinton said that he's a husband and a father of two. She did not name the other two Americans who were killed in this attack, as she's still notifying the next of kin.
MONTAGNE: And this is stunning in the sense that it has been a very long time since a U.S. ambassador was killed. The last time, I gather, was in Afghanistan. So this is very rare.
KELEMEN: That's true. According to the State Department's office, the historian, there have been five U.S. ambassadors killed by terrorists, dating back from 1968 up to 1979. So this has been a real shock to the State Department.
MONTAGNE: And we will, of course, be bringing our listeners more as we learn it. NPR's Michele Kelemen, thank you very much.
KELEMEN: Thank you. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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text: Hi to everybody:My name is Stefania from Spain and when i was young i was a professional tennis player.I also have LTA qualifications and CRB. Now i teaching tennis in Chelsea but i am available every morning. If you would like to learn or improve your tennis skills i can help you. As well If you prefer we can speak in Spanish while we are playing tennis.So in 1 hour you can learn tennis and Spanish! I teach tennis for differents levels and ages so if you have a court but you don't have a coach, i'm your right person. My lessons are 25 pounds per hour . Text me if you are interested 0788194302


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Die-Cut Color Chart * Print Color Chart
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All Car Audio decals are CUSTOM MADE to your specifications of size and color. |
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HARTFORD, Conn. – University of Connecticut alumnus Rick Mastracchio would have liked to deliver this year's graduation address to the school of engineering in person. But he'll be out of town on May 10 — orbiting the globe on the International Space Station.
So UConn has arranged for the 54-year-old astronaut give the speech from space.
His recorded address will be shown on the video boards at Gampel Pavilion to about 5,000 people, including more than 400 graduating seniors and their families, and several members of Mastracchio's family, including his wife, Candi.
"I remain a bit nervous," said Kazem Kazerounian, the dean of the engineering school, who helped set up the unusual graduation speech. "We have never tried anything like this before, and I know that the world will be watching us. So, while I'm excited, I still have to have my fingers crossed."
Mastracchio, Waterbury native who earned a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering and computer engineering from UConn in 1982, will receive an honorary doctorate.
He is wrapping up his fourth trip into space, an eight-month stint aboard the space station, and has spent more than 51 hours on space walks outside the orbiting laboratory.
He recorded the speech over the weekend and beamed it back to NASA, which was converting the file Thursday to send to UConn.
This won't be Mastracchio's first contact with a Connecticut audience from space.
Last month, he and colleague Steve Swanson did a live question-and-answer session from the space station with children at Sandy Hook Elementary School, which has a new building since the December 2012 shooting that killed 26 people.
This is at least the third astronaut to give a commencement speech from space, NASA spokesman Jay Bolden said. The first two both occurred at the University of North Dakota, including an address in August by astronaut Karen Nyberg. The other was a brief live "drop-in" by astronaut Mike Fincke in 2004 during a speech by NASA chief Dan Golden.
Kazerounian is scheduled to fly back to Earth aboard a Russian spacecraft on May 13.


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2013-14 College Preview: The Power Of One
The Cal men and USC women could have folks talking in 2013-14.
It didn't come when he was being congratulated by fellow coaches. Or when he was posing for pictures with his players holding another piece of first-place hardware. Or when he was trying to display said hardware back in Berkeley, the spoils of his team's victories forcing him to find new nooks and crannies to show it all off. No, the occasion during which Steve Desimone, the California men's golf coach for the past 34 years, realized the success his Golden Bears team was having last spring had become bigger than he had even imagined came at a much more unlikely setting.
His doctor's office.
"It was a routine visit, and my doctor walked up to me and said, 'Great season, Coach. Run the table and let's see you win another trophy,' " Desimone said. "I just wasn't expecting it. But, you know, it's amazing how many places I'd go where I wouldn't think people were tuned in to college golf, but they were."
So that's what happens when your squad wins an outlandish 11 of its first 13 tournaments, is profiled by The New York Times, Associated Press, Los Angeles Times and San Francisco Chronicle and has golf writers searching through media guides trying to find apt comparisons. A team full of golfers suddenly becomes big men on campus.
Whether the fivesome of Michael Kim, Max Homa, Brandon Hagy, Michael Weaver and Joel Stalter -- all sporting 71.0 averages or better -- deserved the label "best college golf team of all-time" became the primary plot of the 2012-13 season. (It's an even more interesting question today since Cal did not win its 14th and final event, the NCAA Championship, losing in the semifinals of match play.) Fueling the debate was the logic that the current era of parity in college golf has too many programs investing too many resources for a Goliath to emerge. So when one program managed to rise so high above the rest, it had many observers searching for superlatives.
A run like Cal's hadn't happened in decades, and it probably won't again until … well not at least until this fall. As audacious as expecting a team to repeat a once-in-a-generation run sounds, the Golden Bears lose only Homa (albeit the NCAA individual champ) from the starting five.
And if not California, why not the squad that won the NCAA men's title, Alabama, a team most certainly deserving the label "most underappreciated eight-win program of all-time"? The Crimson Tide must replace Scott Strohmeyer (graduation) and Justin Thomas (who is turning pro after two All-American seasons in Tuscaloosa) but bring back U.S. Walker Cuppers Cory Whitsett and Bobby Wyatt and add blue-chip recruits Robby Shelton IV and Gavin Moynihan. They also start the new season having won their last six starts.
Truth be told, potentially the most potent team in 2013-14 isn't even a men's squad. USC won the NCAA women's title by a bruising 21 strokes in May and has national player-of-the-year Annie Park along with its other four starters attending classes again this fall. Also arriving on campus are U.S. Girls' Junior champion Gabriella Then and five-time AJGA All-American Karen Chung, leaving veteran coach Andrea Gaston with the enviable dilemma of how to keep seven of the country's best golfers content when you can only play five.
Having a few schools distance themselves from other programs might seem a recipe for tedium, eight months of monotony during the regular season followed by one week of inevitability at the national championship. Yet the rise of the "super team" in college golf could, in fact, be one of the best things to happen to it, particularly given the timing. Last December the NCAA and Golf Channel entered into a partnership where the cable network would provide the collegiate game more exposure. What better way to whet the appetite of unfamiliar fans than serve them its version of prime rib?
Indeed, a dominant program (or two) in both the men's and women's game offers various positives. For starters, they can provide a narrative that can boost the profile of the entire sport beyond just highlights on Golf Channel. Rather than appear redundant, Cal's repeated wins a year ago turned the Golden Bears into a story that grabbed attention beyond the usual campus newspaper and golf weeklies. New York Times editors aren't generally inclined to write about college golf. They'll do it, though, if there's a compelling reason.
Additionally, having a lead dog can do wonders to inspire the competition. As California enjoyed its limelight, 2,300 miles away the players in the Alabama program watched with one part appreciation, the other part frustration.
"It sort of put a little chip on our shoulder throughout the year," according to Wyatt. "We didn't get any credit [for what we were doing]. We were under the radar. We had a fantastic spring, and they were all the talk."
Alabama competed in the same events with California just once during the spring semester, while Pac-12 rivals UCLA and Stanford saw them upward of three times. With each loss, the belief that Cal was beatable decreased, but at some point, teams also start to grow tired of getting beaten. In that sense, a rising tide lifts all boats. To keep up with the best, you have to work to improve, which improves the overall quality of play.
Meanwhile, just because a "super team" appears unbeatable doesn't mean it actually is. This is golf, a sport that's impossible to predict at the professional level let alone when it involves 17- to 23-year-olds who are immensely talented but still trying to master the game. There are going to be weeks when players aren't at their best, sometimes during the most important week of the year. In 1981-82, UCLA won 13 events but was sixth at NCAAs. The 10-win Oklahoma State squad in 1985-86 also couldn't capture the big one, and now the 2012-13 California team joins them. Moral of the story: They don't play the NCAA Championship on paper.
Which brings us back to Desimone and the Berkeley Bears. The dejection that washed over the team when it fell to Illinois in the 2013 NCAA semifinals was obvious, their place in history no longer quite so lofty. If there's a team with a chip on its shoulder entering 2013-14, it would be Desimone's.
"We achieved so much last year that will never be taken away," said the Cal coach. "But that last goal is still out there."
Did you hear that everyone? Don't say he didn't warn you.


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Speak his name 3 times aloud and he will appear. This is the legend of Pancho Diablo. Steve Fearson's newest animation effect is woven around a ghost story presentation that will leave your audience wondering if they may have been witness to something more than just a magic trick. This effect uses a deck of cards, which becomes posessed by the spirit of a legendary Mexican gambler named Pancho Diablo. The deck moves across the table, crawling out from under the hand of the spectator. It then levitates UP while the spectator presses down on it. They can see clear through underneath the deck while it rises and can see no visible means of support as the deck pushes up and out of it's cellophane wrapper. It feels as if the deck is being pushed up by an invisible force, as if you have captured a spirit inside the fragile cellophane. And this spirit pushes HARD! There are virtually no angle or lighting restrictions and it is entirely self contained. The magic actually happens IN THEIR HANDS. They don't just see the magic… they FEEL it. The cards can be removed from the pack and used for other effects, they are ordinary. The DVD shows you how to easily make this diabolical prop out of common and inexpensive items, using any deck of playing cards. We've even included a few component materials so you can get started right away! You won't believe how it works. It uses no threads, wires, magnets, electronics or any of the traditional methods. It is a self-contained, entirely unique creation from the master of levitations, Steve Fearson. The method is unlike anything else on the market. The effect alone is devastating, and the story by itself is intriguing. The two combined result in a true performance piece that you will be proud to present, and your audiences will remember forever. They will believe they've seen real magic.
Gimmicks supplied, provide your own deck of cards!


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"As heavy rains brought wide ranging flood conditions across the state Thursday, the Front Range is bracing for more Friday," our colleagues at Northern Colorado's KUNC report.
They add that:
"The National Weather Service had described the water levels as 'biblical' Thursday. Reporter Luke Runyon noted on Twitter that it was an appropriate adjective given the state's recent run of drought and wildfires.
"State wide, the flooding has killed three — one in Jamestown when a structure collapsed, another in Colorado Springs, and the third in Boulder — where a woman is also missing."
The station is using Storify to follow the "torrential rains" and flooding.
Update at 6:15 p.m. ET. Four Dead:
The number of people who were killed as a result of the floods rose to four, Friday afternoon.
Reuters reports that Mike Banuelos, a spokesman for the Boulder County Emergency Operations Center, said search and rescue teams recovered the body of a woman who was swept away by the floodwaters near Boulder.
Update at 1:05 p.m. ET. Blue Sky Sighted, But Warnings Continue:
The CU-Boulder Police have posted an encouraging photo of blue skies over the city earlier in the day.
But authorities are not declaring that the crisis is over.
KUNC reports that Police Chief Mark Beckner told reporters "I would call it a 35 year event. ... Because in my 35 years, we've never had anything this significant."
The station adds that:
"Because of numerous road closures, travel in or around the city of Boulder is not advised. 'We're asking people not to come to Boulder unless it's necessary,' said Beckner. 'The reason for that is if you get here, you might not get back out. Most roads are closed, U.S. 36 is closed eastbound, you cannot get out of boulder if you get here.' "
Also, The Denver Post's latest headline is ominous:
"Colorado floods: Evacuations, road closures create havoc for Fort Collins, Boulder, Jefferson County."
The Post writes that "the first glimpses of blue sky in days emerged over parts of the Front Range on Friday, but pounding rain continued to raise fears of new rounds of flooding. ... Thousands of people remained evacuated throughout the region, and National Guard troops joined emergency crews trying to reach those in stranded communities."
From our original post:
The Denver Post began its coverage Friday this way:
"Drop by drop by drop, historic rainfall across a 150-mile expanse of Colorado's Front Range turned neighborhood streams into rampaging torrents that claimed at least three lives and continued to flood homes and destroy roads into the night.
"Heavy rain returned to the region Thursday evening, threatening an equally disastrous Friday."
The National Weather Service's "watches, warnings or advisories for Colorado" are collected here. The agency adds:
While "moderate to heavy rain will begin to taper off from the south through the day ... due to saturated soils and swollen rivers flooding [is] still possible."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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By now, Robert Vanderbei's purple map of the voting counts in Election 2004 has crisscrossed the internet several times. On his web page, he answers some questions about these maps:
Can you warp the counties so that each county's area is proportional to its total vote count? Such warped maps are called cartograms. There are already several of these at the state-by-state level on the web. I haven't seen any at the county-by-county level. A few years ago I collaborated briefly with David Dobkin and Stephen North on algorithms for producing cartograms. I can say that making a cartogram with so many individual elements (counties) would be very difficult.Cartograms are indeed hard to compute: this is an interesting geometric problem, as Jeff Erickson also points out.
As it turns out, the place I work at does cartograms, and quite well at that ! Stephen North (the one mentioned above) and colleagues have developed methods for computing cartograms and I used their approach to create a cartogram of the election results. I used the data from a paper by Daniel Keim, Stephen North, and Christian Panse that uses the medial axis to construct a cartogram.
[UPDATE: the original maps had a problem in labelling Nevada because of a mismatch between county names in the two data sets: the new maps shown here reflect the correction. Thanks to the commenter who pointed this out.]
I used a variety of color schemes: for more information, and larger pics, see my new cartograms page. (note: for formatting purposes I used HTML to scale the images; if you download the image, it will be bigger)
- A Vanderbei-like color scheme, where the relative proportion of votes for Bush or Kerry turns the county red or blue respectively: purple regions are roughly even.
- The winner-take-all color scheme: a county that Bush won is marked in red, and one that Kerry one is marked in blue.
- Red-blue (suggested by a poster on the blog). Start with a baseline of white for equal vote-share. as the vote percentage for the winner increases, increase the strength of red or blue appropriately.
- Grayscale (suggested by Kathryn Myronuk). Start with a baseline of white for equal vote-share. As the vote percentage for the winner increases, make the color grayer.
- ROYGBIV (suggested by Kathryn Myronuk). Again, white is neutral, but go towards the R side or the V side of the color spectrum depending on who wins and how much (thresholds at .7, 0.6, .53)
It takes a while getting used to a cartogram, and having to ensure that counties still touch after being inflated can make the problem quite difficult to solve while still retaining an overall representative shape. However, it is interesting to see how large California and the North-east really are in context, and how the entire middle-west of the country shrinks.
As far as I know, the complexity of computing a cartogram (where the typical formulation would be to minimize some error metric on the discrepancy between the area of a region and weight associated with it) is unknown, and is probably NP-hard (I once thought I had a proof for NP-hardness for rectangular cartograms, but it foundered). However, much of the challenge in cartogram design comes from trying to balance accuracy and aesthetics; the map when distorted should still look like the original map !
For more on this, check out the AT&T Info Viz page on spatial data transformation.


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Judge Says Chris Brown Should Remain In Treatment
Superior Court Judge James R. Brandlin said probation officials reported that Brown is making good progress in treatment and must remain in the program unless he is given permission by the court or his probation officer. Brown was sentenced to three months of in-patient rehab in November after the singer was arrested and charged with misdemeanor assault over an altercation several weeks earlier in Washington, D.C.
A prosecutor sought to have Brown thrown in jail during Monday's hearing and called for a full probation violation hearing, which would have resulted in evidence about the D.C. case being presented to Brandlin. Los Angeles Deputy District Attorney Mary Murray cited the new case as the basis for removing Brown from rehab and placing him in custody.
"He continues to pose an increasingly violent danger to society," Murray wrote in a motion, citing the D.C. case and an incident in which Brown threw a brick through his mother's car window after a therapy session.
Murray said she made the motion on Monday because she now had information about the man whose nose was allegedly broken in the attack that allegedly involved Brown and his bodyguard.
Brown's attorney Mark Geragos argued that the only changes in Brown's behavior since the December hearing were positive, and the court should wait to see how the D.C. case is resolved before having an evidentiary hearing. Brown's lawyers have said the singer is not guilty and rejected a plea deal; the case is due back in court on Feb. 20.
Brown remains on probation for his 2009 attack on his then-girlfriend Rihanna hours before the Grammy Awards.
Brandlin ordered Brown to return to court on Feb. 28 to update him on his progress. He said the singer had already completed 191 of 1,000 hours of community labor that were ordered after Brandlin found the Grammy winner violated his probation after failing to exchange information properly after a car crash last year.
He said probation officials reported that Brown "appears to have a more serious and responsible demeanor" since checking into rehab.


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Shipping & Payment
Domestic Shipping:
Annafeu Apparels offer Free Delivery all over the Pakistan on Orders amount over Rs 3000 However, On orders amount below Rs 3000 we charge Flat Rs 100 Delivery Charges only. After placing order you will receive confirmation email / SMS and if you are placing order first time than you will receive phone call as well from our representative. Once your order confirmed we will ship your order from our courier partners TCS or M&P Couriers. In Karachi we use our personal riders to deliver your orders.
Delivery Timing:
As soon as your order confirmed your order will be dispatched and in Karachi within 48 hours you will get your order and within 3 to 4 working days in other cities of Pakistan. Please note this is estimated time and doesn't include Holidays and Weekends.
International Shipping:
All International Orders will be deliver through DHL, Skynet, Aramex & Skynet depending upon best service available in your location. Estimated Shipping time for all International orders is 7 to 10 working days this time doesn't include weekends & holidays. Incase of any unexpected situation your order may delay which we will keep you inform through Email or WhatsApp. All International orders will be shipped after we received your payment. It can take up to 2 working days to process your orders. Please visit Checkout page for exact shipping charges in your country.
Annafeu Apparels offers Cash on Delivery (COD) service all over the Pakistan. Other than COD you can pay us through Bank Transfer or Easy Paisa. Bank Transfer & Easy Paisa Orders will be shipped once your payment authorized.
For International orders you can pay us through Money Gram, Western Union or Online Bank Transfer.
Please feel free to contact us on firstname.lastname@example.com for more information.


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As the middle class struggles to make gains and President Barack Obama strives to shine a spotlight on the issue of income inequality, an unlikely constituency is looking for ways to close the nation's growing wealth gap: A handful of top U.S. business tycoons.
These advocates point to notions of fairness and admit to twinges of guilt, but the core concern driving all of them — left, right and libertarian — is a belief that the economy doesn't function efficiently when the wealth gap is wide. They are proposing solutions that range from pressuring fellow entrepreneurs to pay workers more to simply giving their money back to the government to redistribute.
Since roughly 1980, the wealthy have been prospering while the middle class stagnates or falls behind. Members of the 0.1 percent now make at least $1.7 million a year and grab 10 percent of the national income, while the median annual household income has dropped, landing at $51,017.
The gap is growing wider. Income for the highest-earning1percent of Americans soared 31 percent from 2009 through 2012, after adjusting for inflation. For everyone else, it inched up an average of 0.4 percent.
As U.S. society has grown more unequal, rich men and women have set up clubs and foundations to encourage economic parity, and they are actively lobbying for change.
The figure of the fairness-conscious billionaire has a precedent, said Harvard Business School professor Michael Norton. During the Gilded Age, at the end of the 1800s, tycoons took steps to increase equality and help the working class.
"Names like Carnegie, Mellon and Rockefeller — the (Warren) Buffet and (Bill) Gates of their days — grace universities, museums and medical centers in part because the originators of those fortunes gave back," Norton said. "In the same way that some businesspeople are now taking steps to address climate change due to its effects on costs and revenues ... the notion that inequality can be bad not just for ethical reasons, but for financial reasons, is one that is increasingly embraced by businesspeople."
Here's a look at some of these opponents of the widening gap between the poor and, well, themselves.
The most visible of the superrich Robin Hoods is investor Warren Buffett, (pictured watching Bill Gates play table tennis) who has persuaded dozens of billionaires to give away large portions of their fortunes. Buffett, 83, is the second-richest American, according to Forbes magazine, with a net worth of $58.5 billion. He heads Berkshire Hathaway Inc., which owns everything from the insurance company GEICO and Dairy Queen to underwear maker Fruit of the Loom.
For years, he has advocated policies to close the wealth gap, saying reforms are necessary for the nation's continued prosperity. Buffett has famously complained that he pays a lower tax rate than some of his most menial-wage employees. That's because, like many moguls, much of his income comes from capital gains and dividend payments, which are taxed at a lower rate than ordinary wages. His activism gave rise to Obama's proposed "Buffet rule," which would ensure that anyone making more than $1million per year pay at least the same rate as middle-income taxpayers.
The self-made Omaha, Neb., magnate has also for years targeted unequal wealth accumulation. Buffet advocated for a progressive estate tax before members of Congress, saying in 2007, "Dynastic wealth, the enemy of a meritocracy, is on the rise. Equality of opportunity has been on the decline. A progressive and meaningful estate tax is needed to curb the movement of a democracy toward plutocracy."
Buffett, who did not immediately respond to questions submitted via his assistant, has played a key role in encouraging his peers to redistribute their wealth by choice. In 2010, he launched the Giving Pledge program in which wealthy entrepreneurs publicly promise to donate at least half of their riches to charity. Adherents including Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, oil tycoon T. Boone Pickens and former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg.
Not all members of the super-rich taking up the issue of inequality are progressives. Ron Unz, a Silicon Valley millionaire and registered Republican who once ran for California governor, is advocating the highest minimum wage in the country for his home state. Unz rose to fame when he spearheaded a 1998 ballot proposal that dismantled California's bilingual education system. He later became publisher of The American Conservative, a libertarian-leaning magazine.
Lately, he has become obsessed with the idea that a wage hike is the best way to advance the conservative ideal of reducing dependence on government programs. Frustrated with the gridlock in Congress, Unz is pouring his own money into a November ballot measure that would increase the minimum wage in California to $12 an hour in 2016.
At that level, he said in an interview with The Associated Press, "every full-time worker would be earning almost exactly $25,000 and every full-time worker couple $50,000. Under normal family circumstances, those income levels are sufficiently above the poverty threshold that households would lose their eligibility for a substantial fraction of the various social welfare payments they currently receive, including earned-income tax credit checks, food stamps and housing subsidies."
Unz, whose fortune comes from founding Wall Street Analytics Inc., argues that by not paying a living wage, companies are forcing the government to subsidize them through massive welfare spending. An advocate for the free market, Unz opposes any kind of subsidy. The wage proposal has led him to work with strange bedfellows, including Ralph Nader, the consumer advocate and former independent presidential candidate, and progressive economist James Galbraith.
Unz, 52, trained as a theoretical physicist, has an IQ of 214 and has written scholarly papers on the Spartan naval empire. His political rivals and allies alike have made much of his nerdy demeanor. But his unorthodox background seems to have given him the confidence to go against the conventional wisdom of his party.
"The thing that's really shocking is that the Republican response to the problem is to call for increased welfare spending. From a free-market perspective, businesses should compete without subsidies," Unz said. "If they can't compete, then maybe they should go out of business."
Seattle venture capitalist Nick Hanauer (pictured) believes the growing wealth gap threatens the economic system that has given him his wealth. One of the early investors in Amazon, Hanauer started the Internet company aQuantive Inc., which was acquired by Microsoft Corp. in 2007 for $6.4 billion.
But Hanauer said he doesn't consider himself a "job creator." If no one can afford to buy what he's selling, the jobs his companies create will evaporate, he reasons. In his view, what the nation needs is more money in the hands of regular consumers.
"A higher minimum wage is a very simple and elegant solution to the death spiral of falling demand that is the signature feature of our economy," he said in an interview with the AP last summer.
Hanauer, 54, advocates raising taxes for the rich and hiking the minimum wage to the unheard-of heights of $15 an hour. He has co-authored a book and launched an organization called The True Patriot Network to help push such proposals. In 2012, he advanced his ideas in a TED talk — one of the wonky, provocative lectures that have become a required feather in the cap of web-savvy thought leaders. But TED organizers refused to post Hanauer's lecture on the web, because they said it was too partisan.
Steve Silberstein made his fortune in the early days of computers by co-founding Innovative Interfaces, a software company that creates technology for hundreds of college and university libraries. He sold the company, settled in a secluded town in Marin County, Calif., and became a philanthropist.
Now, at 70, he is a low-profile member of a movement to organize institutional investors in opposing what he and others say are exorbitant executive salaries.
Silberstein advocates a policy that would tie corporate tax rates to the difference in compensation between the CEO and an average worker. A company with a CEO-to-worker-compensation ratio at the 1980 level of 50-to-1 would pay tax at the current rate of 35 percent; companies with a larger pay gap would be taxed at a higher level, and those with a narrower gap would pay a lower rate.
Silberstein took a step into the spotlight when he produced the documentary "Inequality for All," featuring former U.S. Labor Secretary Robert Reich. It premiered last year at the Sundance Film Festival.
"He's one of the quiet leaders of the entire movement toward wider prosperity," Reich said. "An increasing number of wealthy businesspeople are becoming concerned that the economy can't function without a strong middle class to keep it going."
Silberstein told the AP his views are not so different from that original American industrialist, Henry Ford, who famously paid his factory workers enough to purchase one of the cars that came off his assembly line.
"As a result he became rich," Silberstein said. "If the economy goes well, everybody does well, including the wealthy."
Like many left-leaning executives troubled by the wealth gap, Silberstein insists that his ideological views play only a small part in his concerns.
"It's a problem, and everybody is losing as a result. It's self-interest and the interest in my country, too," he said.
Leo Hindery Jr., the New York City media and investing mogul, is one of hundreds of wealthy people directly asking Congress to raise their taxes as a member of Patriotic Millionaires. The group was formed in 2010 to advocate for the end of Bush-era tax cuts for people making more than $1 million a year. Hindery is also a member of Smart Capitalists for American Prosperity, and he was among a group of entrepreneurs who went door-to-door in the halls of Congress in early February asking for a higher minimum wage.
A managing partner of the media industry private equity fund InterMedia Partners, Hindery was previously chief executive of AT&T Broadband and of the YES Network, the cable channel of the Yankees. He says he's turned down raises to ensure that he never makes more than 20 times the salary of his employees. He is also one of the biggest Democratic fundraisers in the nation.
The 66-year-old argues that giving rich people tax breaks makes no economic sense because people like him don't put their extra dollars back into the economy.
"Do you think I don't own every piece of clothing, every automobile? I already have it. You spend money. Rich people just get richer," he told the AP.
Hindery credits his Jesuit upbringing with giving him the tools to look beyond his own economic advantages.
"How can we believe in the American dream when 10 percent of the people have half the nation's income? It's immoral, I think it's unethical, but I also think that it's bad economics," Hindery said. "The only people who can take exception to this argument are people who want to get super rich and don't care what happens to the nation as a whole."
AP Economics Writer Paul Wiseman in Washington, D.C., contributed to this report.


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WINTER SALE!!! Starts today, January 21 and ends January 31, 2020. Use Code FAZXEC for 10% off purchase.
Boundary: Bleed area may not be visible.
by PJQandFriends Photography
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Product Details
Purchase a tote bag featuring the photograph "'My Gal Sunday' Winner" by PJQandFriends Photography. Our tote bags are made from soft, durable, poly-poplin fabric and include a 1" black strap for easy carrying on your shoulder. All seams are double-stitched for added durability. Each tote bag is machine-washable in cold water and is printed on both sides using the same image.
Design Details
'My Gal Sunday' takes the win on June 1, 2011.
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'My Gal Sunday' takes the win on June 1, 2011.
PJQandFriends began photographing thoroughbred race horses in the early winter of 2008. Our first publication was international! Most photographers do not have this winning start out of the gate, so to speak. To pay their good luck forward, PJQandFriends invited their photographer 'Friends' to join their website, with the slogan "'If we can't shoot it, we know someone who can ... we have Friends! "' Thank you for your continued love and support. Check us out! PJQandFriends Photography www.PJQandFriends.com All photographs are available without dates, just ask!


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This if the final course in the specialization which builds upon the knowledge learned in Python Programming Essentials, Python Data Representations, and Python Data Analysis. We will learn how to install external packages for use within Python, acquire data from sources on the Web, and then we will clean, process, analyze, and visualize that data. This course will combine the skills learned throughout the specialization to enable you to write interesting, practical, and useful programs.
By the end of the course, you will be comfortable installing Python packages, analyzing existing data, and generating visualizations of that data. This course will complete your education as a scripter, enabling you to locate, install, and use Python packages written by others. You will be able to effectively utilize tools and packages that are widely available to amplify your effectiveness and write useful programs.


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Buy or Hire Surveying Equipment in Abercraf
Great news! We can deliver surveying equipment and surveying instruments to Abercraf .
Whatever type of surveying equipment you require – from auto levels, laser levels and laser measures to theodolites, total stations and GPS systems – we deliver it all, direct to your home, office or work site. Surveying Equipment .com is the UK's largest survey equipment specialist with over 27 years experience in the sale and hire of surveying equipment.
See below for some of our most popular surveying products or call our Surveying Equipment Sales & Hire Team on 0843 224 9670
We also have a general tool hire division which specialises in DIY tools and plant equipment hire.


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Steampunk Gear Sterling Silver Bangle Bracelete for womens
Steampunk Gear Sterling Silver Bangle Bracelete for womens
- Geomatric
- Unique
- Party/Pom
- Graduation
- Christmas
- Birthday
- Beach Getaway
- Daughter
- Son
- Brother
- Sister
- Friend
Steampunk Gear Bracelet - A brass gear charm has been transformed into a steampunk gear bangle bracelet with a Silver,Gold,Rose Gold,Black rhodium Sterling Silver.
Stone Information | |
Number of Stones : | 39 |
Carat Weight : | 0.42 ct |
Stone Shape : | Round |
Main Stone Color : | Diamond Black |
Accent Stone Color : | Diamond White |
Main Stone Size : | 3.4 mm |
Accent Stone Size : | 1.2 mm |
Stone Type : | Swarovski Stone |
Setting Information | |
Metal : | 925 Silver |
Width : | 22.00 mm |
Height : | 4.5 mm |
Thickness : | 2.5 mm |
Manufacturing & Shipping
Manufacturing & Shipping
✧ Manufacturing Time is 2-3 Business Weeks (This is Max. Time we take from Customers, If you need Earlier then contact our Customer Support). Fpr Rush Order please contact our customer support.
✧ We use UPS and FedEx as Our Shipping Partners for United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Australia. Shipping takes 7-8 Business days to get delivered to your doorstep after we ship your ring.
✧ All Designs can be made in Different types of Diamond as part of Customization, such as Moissanite, Aquamarine, Lab Made Diamonds, Natural Diamonds. Above Details and Price for Moissanite. If you want to change the Diamond type or Diamond Size, then contact our Customer Support.
✧ Gift Packing, Gift Note, and Engraving available Free of cost on Special Request.
✧ All Jewelry made from Natural or Lab made Diamonds are Shipped with Insurance.
Size Guide
Size Guide
The right ring size is important. For maximum accuracy, we recommend visiting a local jewelry store to have your finger measured by a professional. If you are in the Chicago area, feel free to contact us and our professional jeweler will gladly do it for you.
Your ring should fit comfortably. It should be loose enough to slide over your knuckle, but your ring shouldn't turn around too easily once it's on.
If you are planning a surprise proposal, we find that asking a family member (mother, sister) or friend usually works. Most people are thrilled to help with that kind of surprise!
In a bind? If you don't have time to visit the jewelry store, you can use this printable ring sizer.
Before printing, please ensure that the page scale is set to 100% on your print dialog box. Read and follow the instructions carefully. Keep in mind that the measurement will not be accurate if it is not done properly. We always recommend getting your measurement taken in person if at all possible.
After measuring your ring size at home if you wanted to confirm it before you place an order for your final selected ring, you can place an order for a silver band which will cost you US$10 on your measured ring size. Wear it for a couple of days. If it's comfortable on your finger then you can place an order for the final selected ring. We will refund your US$10 (Silver Band Price) after you place an order for the final ring.
As most of our rings are made to order, we would love to start with the correct size. But we understand that if your proposal is a surprise that it's tricky to get the correct size before you order.
We do not charge anything to resize your ring (for the first time). But you have to return the ring to our manufacturing unit and you will have to pay US$75 shipping fees for the resized ring.
However, there are some exceptions. Some designs and settings, like our eternity rings, are not resizable. Some rings can only be resized within a limited range. If certain rings are resized too much, diamonds on the ring shank/band may fall out easily in the future. With that in mind, please try to find the accurate ring size before placing an order.
We recommend measuring your ring size multiple times to ensure an accurate reading. Our finger sizes tend to fluctuate, based on the time of day or the season. Avoid measuring your ring size when your finger might be swollen (in extreme temps, after a hot shower, after exercising, or right when woken up) or when it might be contracted (after swimming or washing dishes, or coming in from the cold).


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High Exposure NNL Qualifier November 2018
Event Navigation
The course will have somewhere between 10-20 obstacles, which will test a variety of skills (Balance, coordination, Grip strength, Grip
endurance, and upper body power). You will not have the opportunity to practice ahead of time, even during an open gym. A course might have slight adjustments made for female participants, in that a trampoline height or distance might be altered, or a time limit might be change. This would apply to all females in all categories for that competition.
The qualifying run will be this single stage – it will not have multiple stages. The Top 3 males & Top 3 females from each category will qualify to advance to the finals. If there are less than 3 in the category, all those who attendeded and registered in that category advance. You may only qualify at one event, but may participate in as many qualifying events as you would like. If you have already qualified, and compete again, the qualifying spot at future events roll to the next participant who has yet to qualify if necessary.
Open gyms may be available, however, there can be no indication of how the course will be configured the day of the competition.
When the following age groups (Pro, Adult 18+, and Masters 40+) fail a course their run will be over. They will not be allowed to continue on the course. When other age groups (Kids 6-8, Mature Kids 9-10, Preteens 11-12, Teens 13-15) fail a course or obstacle, gyms will be required allow athletes an opportunity to finish the course or run as many obstacles as they can in the allotted time. Gyms have the option to choose whether to allow Young Adults (16-17) to complete the course or not.
Spectators are encouraged, check with the gym to find out pricing.
The goal of the National Ninja League is to promote the sport of Ninja obstacle courses across America. We are helping to provide an opportunity for all ages to get more involved in the rapidly growing sport!


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Good morning.
Our early headlines:
-- Suspect In Killing Spree Is Dead, French Interior Minister Says.
-- After Trayvon Martin's Death, We're All Having 'The Talk'.
-- Jobless Claims Dropped By 5,000 Last Week.
Other stories in the news:
-- Now Mitt Romney Has An "Etch-A-Sketch Problem." (Chicago Sun-Times)
-- In Mali, Soldiers "Claim To Overthrow Regime." (The Financial Times)
-- Worst Is Over In Europe's Financial Crisis, European Central Bank Chief Says. (BBC News)
-- Volkswagen Will Add 800 More Workers At Tennessee Plant. (Chattanooga Times Free Press)
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.