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Roy Halladay (1-1, 2.25) vs Tim Lincecum (2-0, 1.69).
COMMENTS: The Giants are heading to the World Series. Right now everything is going right for them — homegrown players (Lincecum, Posey) are hot, acquisitions (Ross) are hot, Bochy is making all the right decisions. Bonds is gone (except for pre-game ceremonies), so they don't have a villain on the team. Even Sandoval is heating up. I guess it's not how you start, but how you finish. Right, Padres?


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I was once watching "Take home chef" – I used to love that show, now... not so much – and the girl Curtis had picked up at the grocery store had a lemon tree in her back yard. A lemon tree!! How great is that? But do you know what she did with all those lemons? She crushed them in the garbage disposal so her kitchen would smell nice. :S
I'd rather use my purchased-at-the-supermarket lemons for much better things, and this cake is one of them. Just make sure you eat the cake the day it's made, while the lemon slices are still soft – I tried slicing the cake again a day after baking it and had to remove the lemon from its top; the cake tastes great without the candied lemon slices, too, but very similar to Nigella's damp lemon and almond cake.
Candied lemon cake
from Donna Hay magazine
½ cup (70g) all purpose flour, sifted
240g icing sugar, sifted
120g almond meal (ground almonds)
finely grated zest of 1 lemon
6 egg whites
180g unsalted butter, melted and cooled
Candied lemon slices:
1 ½ cups + 2 ½ tablespoons (330g) caster sugar
2/3 cup (160ml) water
4 lemons, thinly sliced
Preheat the oven to 180ºC/350ºF; butter a 25cm (10in) round cake pan*, line the bottom with baking paper and butter the paper.
Place the flour, icing sugar, almond meal and lemon zest in a large bowl and mix well to combine. Add the egg whites and butter and mix well until smooth. Pour into the prepared pan and bake for 25-30 minutes or until cooked when tested with a skewer. Allow to cool in the pan for 10 minutes then turn out onto a serving plate.
To make the candied lemon slices, place the sugar and water in a large saucepan over medium heat and stir to dissolve the sugar. Add the lemon slices and bring to the boil. Cook for 12-15 minutes or until the syrup has thickened and lemon slices are translucent. Pour the syrup over the cake and top with the lemon slices. Allow to cool and serve.
* I made ¾ of the recipe and used a 20cm (8in) round cake pan; I used 2 lemons for the topping
Serves 8

subset: commoncrawl


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We are excited and eager at 3D Floor Covering to get to know you and help you with all of your floor covering needs. We offer in-home service and are very experienced in the commercial area. We look forward to meeting you at our Yuba City, CA location.
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Rule #1 - Be Patient - Rule #2 - Don't ask when, if you don't contribute - Rule #3 - You have coding skills - LinuxMCE's small brother is available: http://www.agocontrol.com
Hi all, I was wondering, are there any home door video-phones that could be supported by LinuxMCE eventually?I will probably go with Ritto "video intercom system". They use interface called TwinBus but I have not found anywhere it would use some kind of open standard or computer connectivity. Twinbus: www.ritto.de/download/files/ex_Ritto_eng.pdfDo you have tips for any other products? I just wish I could use my door video-phone with LinuxMCE once.
the doorcom is not hard to wire in
Quote from: tschak909 on July 08, 2008, 01:37:59 pmthe doorcom is not hard to wire inI thought it would be, especially since it is supposed to transmit picture as well. For that reason I'd like to find a vendor that would use some kind of open standards and "still" make a good design and durable products. Such device (which there probably isn't anyway) could be supported by LinuxMCE in the future, am I right?
*hmm*all you need to do for the video is drop an IP camera at the door.it will be transmitted to your mobile orbiter.*shake-head*-Thom
@bulekHave you implemented this solution yet, if so how dose your setup work? Any notes you care to share?Thanks!
Thom whe you said "Yes, copy the commands from a camera scenario on a media director, to a new event responding to "Doorbell" ... done.this isn't that hard, fellas.-Thom"can you point me where a can find this commands thanks Carlos


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NY seals 1st state gun laws since Newtown massacre
Published 12:00 am Tuesday, January 15, 2013
ALBANY, N.Y. (AP) — New York lawmakers agreed to pass the toughest gun control law in the nation and the first since the Newtown, Conn., school shooting, calling for a tougher assault weapons ban and provisions to keep guns out of the hands of the mentally ill who make threats.
"This is a scourge on society," Gov. Andrew Cuomo said Monday night, six days after making gun control a centerpiece of his progressive agenda in his State of the State address. The bipartisan effort was fueled by the Newton tragedy that took the lives of 20 first graders and six educators. "At what point do you say, `No more innocent loss of life'."
The measure also calls for restrictions on ammunition and the sale of guns. It is expected to pass Tuesday.
"This is not about taking anyone's rights away," said Sen. Jeffrey Klein, a Bronx Democrat. "It's about a safe society … today we are setting the mark for the rest of the county to do what's right."
Under current state law, assault weapons are defined by having two "military rifle" features. The proposal would reduce that to one feature and include the popular pistol grip.
Private sales of assault weapons to someone other than an immediate family would be subject to a background check through a dealer. Also Internet sales of assault weapons would be banned, and failing to safely store a weapon could be subject to a misdemeanor charge.
Ammunition magazines would be restricted to seven bullets, from the current 10, and current owners of higher-capacity magazines would have a year to sell them out of state. An owner caught at home with eight or more bullets in a magazine could face a misdemeanor charge.
In another provision, a therapist who believes a mental health patient made a credible threat to use a gun illegally would be required to report it to a mental health director who would have to notify the state. A patient's gun could be taken from him or her.
The legislation also increases sentences for gun crimes including the shooting of a first responder that Cuomo called the "Webster provision." Last month in the western New York town of Webster, two firefighters were killed after responding to a fire set by the shooter, who eventually killed himself.
The measure passed the Senate 43-18 on the strength of support from Democrats, many of whom previously sponsored bills that were once blocked by Republicans. The Democrat-led Assembly gaveled out before midnight and planned to take the issue up at 10 a.m. Tuesday. It is expected to pass easily.
The governor confirmed the proposal, previously worked out in closed session, also would mandate a police registry of assault weapons, grandfathering in assault weapons already in private hands.
It was agreed upon exactly a month since the Sandy Hook Elementary School tragedy.
"It is well-balanced, it protects the Second Amendment," said Senate Republican leader Dean Skelos of Long Island.
Cuomo said he wanted quick action to avoid a run on assault weapons and ammunition as he tries to address what he estimates is about 1 million assault weapons in New York state.
Republican Sen. Greg Ball called that political opportunism in a rare criticism of the popular and powerful governor seen by his supporters as a possible candidate for president in 2016.
"We haven't saved any lives tonight, except one: the political life of a governor who wants to be president," said Ball who represents part of the Hudson Valley. "We have taken an entire category of firearms that are currently legal that are in the homes of law-abiding, tax paying citizens. … We are now turning those law-abiding citizens into criminals."
In the gun debate, one concern for New York is its major gun manufacturer upstate.
Remington Arms Co. makes the Bushmaster semi-automatic rifle that was used in the Connecticut shootings and again on Christmas Eve when the two firefighters were slain in Webster. The two-century-old Remington factory in Ilion in central New York employs 1,000 workers in a Republican Senate district.
The bill would be the first test of the new coalition in control of the Senate, which has long been run by Republicans opposed to gun control measures. The chamber is now in the hands of Republicans and five breakaway Democrats led by Klein, an arrangement expected to result in more progressive legislation.
Former Republican Sen. Michael Balboni said that for legislators from the more conservative upstate region of New York, gun control "has the intensity of the gay marriage issue." In 2011, three of four Republicans who crossed the aisle to vote for same-sex marriage ended up losing their jobs because of their votes.


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BlueRich Blueberry Concentrate is a good source of the beneficial antioxidant called anthocyanin. Supplementing your diet with anthocyanin supports overall good health.
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Contains no artificial colors, preservatives, or sweeteners; no dairy, starch, sugar, wheat, gluten, yeast, soy, corn, egg, fish, shellfish, salt, tree nuts, or GMOs.
Manufactured by Natural Factors to ensure safety and potency in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) of the FDA and Health canada.
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Sealed for your protection. Do not use if seal is broken. For freshness, store in a cool, dry place.
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Supplement Facts | ||
Serving Size: 1 Softgels | ||
Amount Per Serving: | % Daily Value | |
Calories | 10 | |
Total Fat | 1 g | 1%‡ |
Polyunsaturated Fat | 0.5 g | ** |
BlueRich® Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) Concentrate 36:1 (fruit) | 500 mg | ** |
Anthocyanins | 12.5 mg | ** |
‡Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. **Daily Value not established. |


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The study is segmented by Application/ end users [Amateur & Professional] and various important geographies like United States, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America & Middle East and Africa].
Get Access to sample pages @ https://www.htfmarketreport.com/sample-report/1059780-2018-2025-soccer-cleats-report-on-global-and-united-states-market
The research covers the current market size of the Global and United States Soccer Cleats market and its growth rates based on 5 year history data along with company profile of key players/manufacturers. The in-depth information by segments of Soccer Cleats market helps monitor future profitability & to make critical decisions for growth. The information on trends and developments, focuses on markets and materials, capacities, technologies, CAPEX cycle and the changing structure of the Global and United States Soccer Cleats Market.
The study provides company profiling, product picture and specifications, sales, market share and contact information of key manufacturers of Global and United States Soccer Cleats Market, some of them listed here are Nike, Adidas, PUMA, Under Armour, Lotto, Mizuno, New Balance, Asics, Diadora, Joma, Woman Soccer Cleats & Man Soccer Cleats. The market is growing at a very rapid pace and with rise in technological innovation, competition and M&A activities in the industry many local and regional vendors are offering specific application products for varied end-users. The new manufacturer entrants in the market are finding it hard to compete with the international vendors based on quality, reliability, and innovations in technology.
Global and United States Soccer Cleats (Thousands Units) and Revenue (Million USD) Market Split by Product Type such as . Further the research study is segmented by Application such as Amateur & Professional with historical and projected market share and compounded annual growth rate.
Geographically, this report is segmented into several key Regions, with production, consumption, revenue (million USD), and market share and growth rate of Soccer Cleats in these regions, from 2012 to 2022 (forecast), covering United States, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America & Middle East and Africa and its Share (%) and CAGR for the forecasted period 2017 to 2022.
Read Detailed Index of full Research Study at @ https://www.htfmarketreport.com/reports/1059780-2018-2025-soccer-cleats-report-on-global-and-united-states-market
Following would be the Chapters to display the Global and United States Soccer Cleats market.
Chapter 1, to describe Definition, Specifications and Classification of Soccer Cleats, Applications of Soccer Cleats, Market Segment by Regions;
Chapter 2, to analyze the Manufacturing Cost Structure, Raw Material and Suppliers, Manufacturing Process, Industry Chain Structure;
Chapter 3, to display the Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Soccer Cleats, Capacity and Commercial Production Date, Manufacturing Plants Distribution, R&D Status and Technology Source, Raw Materials Sources Analysis;
Chapter 4, to show the Overall Market Analysis, Capacity Analysis (Company Segment), Sales Analysis (Company Segment), Sales Price Analysis (Company Segment);
Chapter 5 and 6, to show the Regional Market Analysis that includes United States, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America & Middle East and Africa, Soccer Cleats Segment Market Analysis (by Type);
Chapter 7 and 8, to analyze the Soccer Cleats Segment Market Analysis (by Application) Major Manufacturers Analysis of Soccer Cleats;
Chapter 9, Market Trend Analysis, Regional Market Trend, Market Trend by Product Type [], Market Trend by Application [Amateur & Professional];
Chapter 10, Regional Marketing Type Analysis, International Trade Type Analysis, Supply Chain Analysis;
Chapter 11, to analyze the Consumers Analysis of Global and United States Soccer Cleats;
Chapter 12,13, 14 and 15, to describe Soccer Cleats sales channel, distributors, traders, dealers, Research Findings and Conclusion, appendix and data source.
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Global and United States Soccer Cleats Market share assessments for the regional and country level segments
Market share analysis of the top industry players
Strategic recommendations for the new entrants
Market forecasts for a minimum of 5 years of all the mentioned segments, sub segments and the regional markets
Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations)
Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations
Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends
Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments
Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements
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It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors
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Mattress to fit vidaXL Solid Pine Wood Kids Bed Frame Decorative Tree House - mattress size 160 x 80cm
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Final shootout, then Boston bombing suspect caught
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By JAY LINDSAY and EILEEN SULLIVAN, Associated Press
WATERTOWN, Mass. (AP) -- For just a few minutes, it seemed as if the dragnet that had shut down a metropolitan area of millions while legions of police went house to house looking for the suspected Boston Marathon bomber had failed.
Weary officials lifted a daylong order that had kept residents in their homes, saying it was fruitless to keep an entire city locked down. Then one man emerged from his home and noticed blood on the pleasure boat parked in his backyard. He lifted the tarp and found the wounded 19-year-old college student known the world over as Suspect No. 2.
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• Photos: Manhunt in Massachusetts
• Photos: Marathon explosions, aftermath
• 1 bombing suspect killed, 1 at large
• Timeline: Search for Boston bomb suspects
• News Cut: The victims of bad journalism
• Minnesotans recount harrowing experience
• Video: The bombings in 60 seconds
• Video: Boston sings defiant message
Soon after that, the 24-hour drama that paralyzed a city and transfixed a nation was over.
Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's capture touched off raucous celebrations in and around Boston, with chants of "USA, USA" as residents flooded the streets in relief and jubilation after four tense days since twin explosions ripped through the marathon's crowd at the finish line, killing three people and wounding more than 180.
The 19-year-old -- whose older brother and alleged accomplice was killed earlier Friday morning in a wild shootout in suburban Boston -- was in serious condition Saturday at a hospital protected by armed guards, and he was unable to be questioned to determine his motives. U.S. officials said a special interrogation team for high-value suspects would question him without reading him his Miranda rights, invoking a rare public safety exception triggered by the need to protect police and the public from immediate danger.
President Barack Obama said there are many questions about the Boston bombings, including whether the two men had help from others. He urged people not to rush judgment about their motivations.
Dzhokhar and his brother, 26-year-old Tamerlan Tsarnaev, were identified by authorities and relatives as ethnic Chechens from southern Russia who had been in the U.S. for about a decade and were believed to be living in Cambridge, just outside Boston. Tamerlan Tsarnaev died early in the day of gunshot wounds and a possible blast injury. He was run over by his younger brother in a car as he lay wounded, according to investigators.
During a long night of violence Thursday and into Friday, the brothers killed an MIT police officer, severely wounded another lawman during a gun battle and hurled explosives at police in a desperate getaway attempt, authorities said.
Late Friday, less than an hour after authorities lifted the lockdown, they tracked down the younger man holed up in the boat, weakened by a gunshot wound after fleeing on foot from the overnight shootout with police that left 200 spent rounds behind.
The resident who spotted Dzhokhar Tsarnaev in his boat in his Watertown yard called police, who tried to persuade the suspect to get out of the boat, said Boston Police Commissioner Ed Davis.
"He was not communicative," Davis said.
Instead, he said, there was an exchange of gunfire -- the final volley of one of the biggest manhunts in American history.
The violent endgame unfolded just a day after the FBI released surveillance-camera images of two young men suspected of planting the pressure-cooker explosives at the marathon's finish line, an attack that put the nation on edge for the week.
Watertown residents who had been told Friday morning to stay inside behind locked doors poured out of their homes and lined the streets to cheer police vehicles as they rolled away from the scene.
Celebratory bells rang from a church tower. Teenagers waved American flags. Drivers honked. Every time an emergency vehicle went by, people cheered loudly.
"They finally caught the jerk," said nurse Cindy Boyle. "It was scary. It was tense."
Police said three other people were taken into custody for questioning at an off-campus housing complex at the University of the Massachusetts at Dartmouth where the younger man may have lived.
"Tonight, our family applauds the entire law enforcement community for a job well done, and trust that our justice system will now do its job," said the family of 8-year-old Martin Richard, who died in the bombing.
Queries cascaded in after authorities released the surveillance-camera photos -- the FBI website was overwhelmed with 300,000 hits per minute -- but what role those played in the overnight clash was unclear. State police spokesman Dave Procopio said police realized they were dealing with the bombing suspects based on what the two men told a carjacking victim during their night of crime.
The search by thousands of law enforcement officers all but shut down the Boston area for much of the day. Officials halted all mass transit, including Amtrak trains to New York, advised businesses not to open and warned close to 1 million people in the city and some of its suburbs to unlock their doors only for uniformed police.
Around midday, the suspects' uncle, Ruslan Tsarni of Montgomery Village, Md., pleaded on television: "Dzhokhar, if you are alive, turn yourself in and ask for forgiveness."
Until the younger man's capture, it was looking like a grim day for police. As night fell, they announced that they were scaling back the hunt and lifting the stay-indoors order across the region because they had come up empty-handed.
But then the break came and within a couple of hours, the search was over. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was captured about a mile from the site of the shootout that killed his brother.
A neighbor described how heavily armed police stormed by her window not long after the lockdown was lifted -- the rapid gunfire left her huddled on the bathroom floor on top of her young son.
"I was just waiting for bullets to just start flying everywhere," Deanna Finn said.
When at last the gunfire died away and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was taken from the neighborhood in an ambulance, an officer gave Finn a cheery thumbs-up.
"To see the look on his face, he was very, very happy, so that made me very, very happy," she said.
Authorities said the man dubbed Suspect No. 1 -- the one in sunglasses and a dark baseball cap in the surveillance-camera pictures -- was Tamerlan Tsarnaev, while Suspect No. 2, the one in a white baseball cap worn backward, was his younger brother.
Chechnya, where the brothers grew up, has been the scene of two wars between Russian forces and separatists since 1994, in which tens of thousands were killed in heavy Russian bombing. That spawned an Islamic insurgency that has carried out deadly bombings in Russia and the region, although not in the West.
The older brother had strong political views about the United States, said Albrecht Ammon, 18, a downstairs-apartment neighbor in Cambridge. Ammon quoted Tsarnaev as saying that the U.S. uses the Bible as "an excuse for invading other countries."
Also, the FBI interviewed the older brother at the request of a foreign government in 2011, and nothing derogatory was found, according to a federal law enforcement official who was not authorized to discuss the case publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.
The official did not identify the foreign country or say why it made the request.
Exactly how the long night of crime began was unclear. But police said the brothers carjacked a man in a Mercedes-Benz in Cambridge, just across the Charles River from Boston, then released him unharmed at a gas station.
They also shot to death a Massachusetts Institute of Technology police officer, 26-year-old Sean Collier, while he was responding to a report of a disturbance, investigators said.
The search for the Mercedes led to a chase that ended in Watertown, where authorities said the suspects threw explosive devices from the car and exchanged gunfire with police. A transit police officer, 33-year-old Richard Donohue, was shot and critically wounded, authorities said.
Dzhokhar Tsarnaev ran over his already wounded brother as he fled, according to two law enforcement officials who spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the investigation. At some point, he abandoned his car and ran away on foot.
The brothers had built an arsenal of pipe bombs, grenades and improvised explosive devices and used some of the weapons in trying to make their getaway, said Rep. Dutch Ruppersberger, D-Md., a member of the House Intelligence Committee.
Watertown resident Kayla Dipaolo said she was woken up overnight by gunfire and a large explosion that sounded "like it was right next to my head ... and shook the whole house."
"It was very scary," she said. "There are two bullet holes in the side of my house, and by the front door there is another."
Tamerlan Tsarnaev had studied accounting as a part-time student at Bunker Hill Community College in Boston for three semesters from 2006 to 2008, the school said. He was married with a young daughter.
Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was registered as a student at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth. Students said he was on campus this week after the Boston Marathon bombing. The campus closed down Friday along with colleges around the Boston area.
The men's father, Anzor Tsarnaev, said in a telephone interview with the AP from the Russian city of Makhachkala that his younger son, Dzhokhar, is "a true angel." He said his son was studying medicine.
"He is such an intelligent boy," the father said. "We expected him to come on holidays here."
A man who said he knew Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and Krystle Campbell, the 29-year-old restaurant manager killed in Monday's bombing, said he was glad Dzhokhar had survived.
"I didn't want to lose more than one friend," Marvin Salazar said.
"Why Jahar?" he asked, using Tsarnaev's nickname. "I want to know answers. That's the most important thing. And I think I speak for almost all America. Why the Boston Marathon? Why this year? Why Jahar?"
Two years ago, the city of Cambridge awarded Dzhokhar Tsarnaev a $2,500 scholarship. At the time, he was a senior at Cambridge Rindge & Latin School, a highly regarded public school whose alumni include Matt Damon, Ben Affleck and NBA Hall of Famer Patrick Ewing.
Tsarni, the men's uncle, said the brothers traveled here together from Russia. He called his nephews "losers" and said they had struggled to settle in the U.S. and ended up "thereby just hating everyone."
Sullivan and Associated Press writers Stephen Braun, Jack Gillum and Pete Yost reported from Washington. Associated Press writers Mike Hill, Katie Zezima, Pat Eaton-Robb and Steve LeBlanc in Boston, Rodrique Ngowi in Watertown, Mass. and Jeff Donn in Cambridge, Mass., contributed to this report.


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It's an oldie, but a goodie. YES! Magazine originally published Elinor Ostrom Wins Nobel for Common(s) Sense in 2010, but the message continues to be relevant. As our legislature and communities demonstrate continual signs of fracture, caring for the commons is an ideal that we can aspire to collectively. I proposed an "Adopt-a-Lake" program for the Minnesota Idea Open II and continue to reflect on a few related key questions: Would it help us to know "how much" of the common good is ours to take care of, what exactly we (if equitably shared across all of society) would be responsible for, and to know that others are doing their parts, too, (and if not or unable to, whether we should step in and help them out if they need to address other pressing personal challenges for a while)? Do people at all feel that they need permission to clean up a lake or other public space? How do you empower people to care for the common good?
What say you, my com.mn folk and fellows?
What say you, my com.mn folk and fellows?
Elinor Ostrom Wins Nobel for Common(s) Sense
The newest Nobel Laureate in Economics has built her career on the science of cooperation.by Fran Korten
Document Act
posted Feb 26, 2010
Elinor Ostrom was an unusual choice for the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
For one thing, she is the first woman to receive the prize. Her Ph.D. is in political science, not economics (though she minored in economics, collaborates with many economists, and considers herself a political economist). But what makes this award particularly special is that her work is about cooperation, while standard economics focuses on competition.
Ostrom's seminal book, Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action, was published in 1990. But her research on common property goes back to the early 1960s, when she wrote her dissertation on groundwater in California. In 1973 she and her husband, Vincent Ostrom, founded the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis at Indiana University. In the intervening years, the Workshop has produced hundreds of studies of the conditions in which communities self-organize to solve common problems. Ostrom currently serves as professor of political science at Indiana University and senior research director of the Workshop.
Fran Korten, YES! Magazine's publisher, spent 20 years with the Ford Foundation making grants to support community management of water and forests in Southeast Asia and the United States. She and Ostrom drew on one another's work as this field of knowledge developed. Fran interviewed her friend and colleague Lin Ostrom shortly after Ostrom received the Nobel Prize.
Fran Korten: When you first learned that you had won the Nobel Prize in Economics, were you surprised?
Elinor Ostrom: Yes. It was quite surprising. I was both happy and relieved.
Fran: Why relieved?Elinor: Well, relieved in that I was doing a bunch of research through the years that many people thought was very radical and people didn't like. As a person who does interdisciplinary work, I didn't fit anywhere. I was relieved that, after all these years of struggle, someone really thought it did add up. That's very nice.And it's very nice for the team that I've been a part of here at the Workshop. We have had a different style of organizing. It is an interdisciplinary center—we have graduate students, visiting scholars, and faculty working together. I never would have won the Nobel but for being a part of that enterprise.Fran: It's interesting that your research is about people learning to cooperate. And your Workshop at the university is also organized on principles of cooperation.Elinor: I have a new book coming out in May entitled Working Together, written with Amy Poteete and Marco Janssen. It is on collective actions in the commons. What we're talking about is how people work together. We've used an immense array of different methods to look at this question—case studies, including my own dissertation and Amy's work, modeling, experiments, large-scale statistical work. We show how people use multiple methods to work together.Fran: Many people associate "the commons" with Garrett Hardin's famous essay, "The Tragedy of the Commons." He says that if, for example, you have a pasture that everyone in a village has access to, then each person will put as many cows on that land as he can to maximize his own benefit, and pretty soon the pasture will be overgrazed and become worthless. What's the difference between your perspective and Hardin's?Elinor: Well, I don't see the human as hopeless. There's a general tendency to presume people just act for short-term profit. But anyone who knows about small-town businesses and how people in a community relate to one another realizes that many of those decisions are not just for profit and that humans do try to organize and solve problems.If you are in a fishery or have a pasture and you know your family's long-term benefit is that you don't destroy it, and if you can talk with the other people who use that resource, then you may well figure out rules that fit that local setting and organize to enforce them. But if the community doesn't have a good way of communicating with each other or the costs of self-organization are too high, then they won't organize, and there will be failures.Fran: So, are you saying that Hardin is sometimes right?We have to think through how to choose a meaningful life where we're helping one another in ways that really help the Earth.Elinor: Yes. People say I disproved him, and I come back and say "No, that's not right. I've not disproved him. I've shown that his assertion that common property will always be degraded is wrong." But he was addressing a problem of considerable significance that we need to take seriously. It's just that he went too far. He said people could never manage the commons well.At the Workshop we've done experiments where we create an artificial form of common property—such as an imaginary fishery or pasture, and we bring people into a lab and have them make decisions about that property. When we don't allow any communication among the players, then they overharvest. But when people can communicate, particularly on a face-to-face basis, and say, "Well, gee, how about if we do this? How about we do that?" Then they can come to an agreement.Fran: But what about the "free-rider" problem—where some people abide by the rules and some people don't? Won't the whole thing fall apart?Elinor: Well if the people don't communicate and get some shared norms and rules, that's right, you'll have that problem. But if they get together and say, "Hey folks, this is a project that we're all going to have to contribute to. Now, let's figure it out," they can make it work. For example, if it's a community garden, they might say, "Do we agree every Saturday morning we're all going to go down to the community garden, and we're going to take roll and we're going to put the roll up on a bulletin board?" A lot of communities have figured out subtle ways of making everyone contribute, because if they don't, those people are noticeable.Fran: So public shaming and public honoring are one key to managing the commons?Elinor: Shaming and honoring are very important. We don't have as much of an understanding of that. There are scholars who understand that, but that's not been part of our accepted way of thinking about collective action.Fran: Do you have a favorite example of where people have been able to self-organize to manage property in common?Elinor: One that I read early on that just unglued me—because I wasn't expecting it—was the work of Robert Netting, an anthropologist who had been studying the alpine commons for a very long time. He studied Swiss peasants and then studied in Africa too. He was quite disturbed that people were saying that Africans were primitive because they used common property so frequently and they didn't know about the benefits of private property. The implication was we've got to impose private property rules on them. Netting said, "Are the Swiss peasants stupid? They use common property also."Let's think about this a bit. In the valleys, they use private property, while up in the alpine areas, they use common property. So the same people know about private property and common property, but they choose to use common property for the alpine areas. Why? Well, the alpine areas are what Netting calls "spotty." The rainfall is high in one section one year, and the snow is great, and it's rich. But the other parts of the area are dry. Now if you put fences up for private property, then Smith's got great grass one year—he can't even use it all—and Brown doesn't have any. So, Netting argued, there are places where it makes sense to have an open pasture rather than a closed one. Then he gives you a very good idea of the wide diversity of the particular rules that people have used for managing that common land.Fran: Why were Netting's findings so surprising to you?Elinor: I had grown up thinking that land was something that would always move to private property. I had done my dissertation on groundwater in California, so I was familiar with the management of water as a commons. But when I read Netting, I realized that when there are "spotty" land environments, it really doesn't make sense to put up fences and have small private plots.Fran: Lin, if you were to have a sit-down session with someone with a big influence on natural resources policy—say Robert Zoellick, head of the World Bank, or Ken Salazar, Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Interior, what would be your advice?Elinor: No panaceas! We tend to want simple formulas. We have two main prescriptions: privatize the resource or make it state property with uniform rules. But sometimes the people who are living on the resource are in the best position to figure out how to manage it as a commons.Fran: Is there a role for government in those situations?Elinor: We need institutions that enable people to carry out their management roles. For example, if there's conflict, you need an open, fair court system at a higher level than the people's resource management unit. You also need institutions that provide accurate knowledge. The United States Geological Survey is one that I point to repeatedly. They don't come in and try to make proposals as to what you should do. They just do a really good job of providing accurate scientific knowledge, particularly for groundwater basins such as where I did my Ph.D. research years ago. I'm not against government. I'm just against the idea that it's got to be some bureaucracy that figures everything out for people.Fran: How important is it that there is a match between a governing jurisdiction and the area of the resource to be managed?Elinor: To manage common property you need to create boundaries for an area at a size similar to the problem the people are trying to cope with. But it doesn't need to be a formal jurisdiction. Sometimes public officials don't even know that the local people have come to some agreements. It may not be in the courts, or even written down. That is why sometimes public authorities wipe out what local people have spent years creating.Fran: You've done your research on small- and medium-sized natural resource jurisdictions. How about the global commons? We have the problems of climate change and oceans that are dying. Are there lessons from your work that are relevant to these massive problems we're now facing?Elinor: I really despair over the oceans. There is a very interesting article in Science on the "roving bandit." It is so tempting to go along the coast and scoop up all the fish you can and then move on. With very big boats, you can do that. I think we could move toward solving that problem, but right now there are not many instrumentalities for doing that.Regarding global climate change, I'm more hopeful. There are local public benefits that people can receive at the same time they're generating benefits for the global environment. Take health and transportation as an example. If more people would walk or bicycle to work and use their car only when they have to go some distance, then their health would be better, their personal pocketbooks would be better, and the atmosphere would be better. Of course, if it's just a few people, it won't matter, but if more and more people feel "This is the kind of life I should be living," that can substantially help the global problem. Similarly, if we invest in re-doing the insulation of a lot of buildings, we can save money as well as help the global environment. Yes, we want some global action but boy, if we just sit around and wait for that? Come on!Fran: Do you have a message for the general public?Elinor: We need to get people away from the notion that you have to have a fancy car and a huge house. Some of the homes that have been built in the last 10 years just appall me. Why do humans need huge homes? I was born poor and I didn't know you bought clothes at anything but the Goodwill until I went to college. Some of our mentality about what it means to have a good life is, I think, not going to help us in the next 50 years. We have to think through how to choose a meaningful life where we're helping one another in ways that really help the Earth.Fran: Let's look ahead 20 years. What would you hope that the world will understand about managing common property systems?Elinor: What we need is a broader sense of what we call "social ecological systems." We need to look at the biological side and the social side with one framework rather than 30 different languages. That is big, but I now have some of my colleagues very interested. Some of them are young, and what I find encouraging is that with a bunch of us working together, I can see us moving ahead in the next 20 years or so. Twenty years from now, at 96, I probably won't be as active.Fran: Not as active? I wouldn't bet on that.
Fran Korten interviewed Elinor Ostrom for America: The Remix, the Spring 2010 issue of YES! Magazine. Fran is publisher of YES! Magazine.


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DETROIT – For years, the U.S. government's auto safety watchdog sent form letters to worried owners of the Chevrolet Cobalt and other General Motors small cars, saying it didn't have enough information about problems with unexpected stalling to establish a trend or open an investigation.
The data tell a different story.
An Associated Press review of complaints to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration shows that over a nine-year period, 164 drivers reported that their 2005-2007 Chevrolet Cobalts stalled without warning. That was far more than any of the car's competitors from the same model years, except for the Toyota Corolla, which was recalled after a government investigation in 2010.
Stalling was one sign of the ignition switch failure that led GM last month to recall 1.6 million Cobalts and other compact cars, including the Saturn Ion, Pontiac G5 and Chevrolet HHR. Another 971,000 cars from model years 2008-2011 were recalled late Friday to find faulty replacement switches, bringing the total to about 2.6 million.
GM has linked the problem to at least 12 deaths and dozens of crashes. The company says the switch can slip out of the "run" position, which causes the engine to stall. This knocks out the power steering and power-assisted brakes, making the car harder to maneuver. Power to the device that activates the air bags is also cut off.
GM has recently acknowledged it knew the switch was defective at least a decade ago, and the government started receiving complaints about the 2005 Cobalt just months after it went on sale. House and Senate subcommittees have called the current heads of the automaker and NHTSA to testify on April 1-2 about why it took so long for owners to be told there was a potentially deadly defect in their cars.
Although the overall number of complaints represents only 0.02 percent of the nearly 625,000 Cobalts sold from 2005-2007 in the U.S., experts familiar with NHTSA say they were enough to warrant an investigation and recall. The Cobalt had about the same rate of complaints as the Corolla. And the agency knew of at least two fatalities in Cobalt crashes that involved a sudden stall when it first declined to investigate the cars in 2007.
Spotting trends in the tens of thousands of complaints NHTSA gets each year is a tough job, and this case may have been more complicated than most. The Cobalt had a litany of problems, including fuel leaks, and a power steering defect that the agency did investigate. GM may not have disclosed all the information it had on the switches. And the 2010 recall of millions of Toyotas for unintended acceleration claimed much of the government's attention.
But several experts say NHTSA should have pressed for a recall sooner.
"They're not connecting up the dots. That's the generous explanation," says Clarence Ditlow, executive director of the Washington-based Center for Auto Safety, who has studied the government's auto safety agency for decades. "The not-so-generous is that they did connect the dots but they just didn't do anything."
U.S. Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx, whose department oversees auto safety, has asked for an internal investigation into the GM issue. In a letter calling for the probe, Foxx said he is unaware of information that NHTSA "failed to properly carry out its safety mission based on the data available to it and the processes followed."
The safety agency, in a statement provided to the AP, said that during the past seven years, its investigations have brought 929 recalls of more than 55 million vehicles. "Each potential recall investigation is unique and dependent on the data gathered in each case," it said.
Foxx has said that GM didn't give the government enough information on the defective switches. In papers submitted to the safety agency last month, GM says engineers proposed solutions to the problem in early 2005, but the company didn't take action, developments unknown to the safety agency at the time. But the AP analysis makes clear that even without that information, NHTSA had evidence in 2005 that the switches were a problem.
That summer, the agency hired a contractor to look into a July 29, 2005, crash in Maryland that killed 16-year-old Amber Marie Rose. The report concluded that the air bags of Rose's 2005 Cobalt did not inflate, and the ignition switch had moved from the run position to "accessory," which runs devices like the radio but not the engine. Alcohol and speed also were factors, the report said.
Rose's birth mother, Laura Christian, said that after the crash, she studied the government's complaint database and found multiple problems with engine stalling and power steering failures on other Cobalts. She tried to tell NHTSA, but the agency wasn't interested, she said.
"Basically, it was 'No, thank you,' " Christian said. "NHTSA should have known, based on the information I have seen, certainly in 2006."
On Thursday, David Friedman, the agency's acting administrator, told Christian that he was taking steps to improve NHTSA's information-gathering processes, Christian says. They met at the agency's offices.
Among the other evidence available to the agency:
• In December 2005, General Motors sent the safety agency and its dealers a service bulletin telling them that drivers could inadvertently turn off the ignition switch with minimal effort in Cobalts from the 2005 and 2006 model years. Dealers were told about repairs and to tell drivers reporting engine shutdowns to remove unnecessary items from their key chains.
• In October 2006, GM sent the agency and dealers another service bulletin, adding Cobalts from the 2007 model year.
• In 2007, the government commissioned a report on a 2006 Wisconsin crash that killed two teenage girls and injured another. In that report, Indiana University's Transportation Research Center found that the ignition in the 2005 Cobalt was in the "accessory" position and the air bags failed to inflate. Investigators told the agency that "inadvertent contact with the ignition switch or a key chain in the 2005 Chevrolet Cobalt can in fact result in engine shut-down and loss of power."
• In 2007 and later in 2010, NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigations examined data on stalling incidents and air bag failures in GM cars. Yet the agency recently told House members it was unable to spot trends that were significant when compared with "peer vehicles" or the U.S. passenger car fleet, according to a letter released earlier this month by the House Energy and Commerce Committee.
But Ditlow says comparisons with peers are less important than simply watching the numbers and taking action when they get too high.
"I don't believe in innocence by association, that if you can find someone as bad as me, then I get off," he said. "If you're 50 percent worse, 25 percent worse, what's the dividing line?"
The complaint tally for the top-selling small cars in the 2005-2007 model years was: Corolla, 228; Cobalt, 164; Honda Civic, 60; Ford Focus, 25; and the Mazda 3, 19.
The government opened an investigation into the Corolla in late 2009, which led to the 2010 recall of nearly 1.3 million cars to replace faulty engine control modules that could make the cars stall without warning.
The agency investigated the Toyota complaints even though there were no reports of deaths or injuries related to the stalls. By contrast, it had already learned about deadly crashes in the Cobalt.
The Wisconsin crash, which happened on a rural road at 7:55 p.m. Oct. 26, 2006, killed Natasha Weigel, 18, and Amy Rademaker, 15. The driver, Megan Phillips, then 17, was severely injured.
Margie Beskau, Rademaker's mother, blames NHTSA for not recalling the cars beforehand.
"You have all these reports on this car. They should have done their job," she said.
Phillips remembers little of the crash and still suffers from brain damage. She does recall that everything in the car shut down, according to her attorney, Robert Hilliard of Texas, who represents 12 people killed in GM cars when the air bags failed to inflate.
Hilliard says NHTSA doesn't have the cash, the staff or the legal resources to match the automakers.
"It's a poor watchdog of a very powerful industry," he said.
NHTSA says it screens around 40,000 complaints per year. There is no set number for starting an investigation, but it considers complaints, injuries and deaths, warranty data submitted by automakers and other factors.
Sometimes NHTSA acts quickly. For example, the agency investigated electric car maker Tesla Motors after just two reports of vehicle fires and no injuries. It ended the four-month investigation when Tesla decided to fortify the bottom of its cars. It also began investigating older model Porsche 911 sports cars for coolant leaks last year based on 10 complaints and no injuries. That probe was closed without finding a safety defect.
When the Cobalt ignition problems surfaced in 2005, the agency was still building its consumer complaint database, so the Cobalt stalling data could have been overlooked, says a person familiar with the agency, who asked not to be identified because of the Congressional investigation.
In 2000, Congress passed legislation that required automakers to give NHTSA more data, including data about injuries, deaths and consumer complaints. The agency was building the new system to sort through it all.
The person familiar with the agency also says the Cobalt's other defects could have been a distraction. For instance, the government prodded GM to recall more than 1 million Cobalts and other small cars in 2010 to replace power steering motors.
Sorting out the mechanical causes of a problem like stalling is difficult, particularly when it's not happening in every vehicle.
"When you have things that are this infrequent, it's difficult to find out what the cause is," said David Cole, the former chairman of the Ann Arbor, Mich.-based Center for Automotive Research and the son of a former GM president. "Something that happens in 10 percent of vehicles, you catch that right away. But one in 100,000 is really tough."
That's no comfort to victims or current Cobalt owners like Penny Brooks.
Brooks feels betrayed by GM and by the government. She bought a used 2005 Cobalt, with 40,000 miles on it, five years ago. Last year, her husband was driving about 60 mph when the engine suddenly stalled. They made it safely to the side of the road and took the car to a mechanic, who could find nothing wrong.
Since then, the car has stalled two more times when Brooks hit bumps in the road that caused the ignition to slip out of the run position. "Nobody should have to sit there and pray, 'Keep me safe until I get back home,"' said Brooks, a licensed cosmetologist from Kingsport, Tenn.
She filed a complaint on NHTSA's website last year and says she even wrote a letter to GM's then-CEO, Dan Akerson, but got no responses. After the recall was announced, Brooks took the car to a local dealer, who gave her a loaner to drive until the Cobalt is repaired.
"It's a criminal and immoral act to hide that kind of information for so long," she said. "I pray that nobody else dies because of these faulty cars."
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In a preliminary study of patients who had simple surgeries, most did well and seemed satisfied with post-operative checkups by telephone instead of seeing their surgeon in a clinic visit. According to the article in Reuters Health, the phone follow-up saved doctors and patients the time and effort involved in clinic visits without compromising patient care, according to the study of California patients. "These clinic visits are usually five minutes or less, very brief, the doctor asks 'how are you, do you feel well, are you going to the bathroom okay, that kind of thing," said senior author Dr. Sherry Wren of the Stanford University School of Medicine. Those questions can easily be asked over the phone, and only patients with unusual symptoms need to come see a doctor in person, she told Reuters Health. The study included patients who had hernia repairs and gallbladder removals, both routine surgeries with very low post-op complication rates. But so-called telehealth follow-up would not be appropriate for all surgeries Wren said; for cancer patients, for example, follow-up doctors' visits include discussions of continuing care and treatment plans.
For the new study, Wren and her colleagues identified patients of the Palo Alto Veterans Administration Health Care System who were scheduled for one of two surgeries. In total, 115 patients had hernia repairs and 26 had gallbladders removed. All were scheduled for a follow-up clinic visit three weeks after their surgeries. But two weeks post-surgery the patients were called by a physician assistant. The assistant asked scripted questions about the patient's pain and activity levels, swelling, the look and feel of the incision, appetite and bowel movements. If patient responses indicated normal recovery, the patient's scheduled follow-up clinic visit was canceled with the patient's consent. If recovery seemed abnormal, the patient was encouraged to keep the clinic appointment. Any patients who wanted in-person follow-up were also allowed to keep their appointment. Calls went through to 110 of the patients; 63 hernia patients and 19 gallbladder patients agreed to have surgical follow up by phone only and canceled their clinic appointments.
None of the gallbladder patients and three hernia patients had surgical complications up to 10 months after surgery, which is comparable to complication rates in the general population, according to the results published in the journal JAMA Surgery. The authors did not compare the outcomes of the telehealth group to a group going to traditional clinic visits.
Of the patients who said they wanted to visit the clinic, even after the phone checkup, most wanted to pick up a return-to-work form and thought they had to do so in person, whereas it can actually be mailed or faxed, Wren said. Most patients said they were very satisfied with the telehealth checkups and seemed grateful that they didn't have to drive to the clinic, Wren said, Of the patients who accepted the telehealth follow-up, the average round-trip travel distance from their homes to the hospital was 141 miles, and the average driving time Wren's team calculated would have been about two and a half hours. Though research supports the safety and efficacy of telehealth, it is only used in some pockets of healthcare, Wren said. Some physicians balk at leaving behind the "gold standard" of in-person visits, she said.
The current study indicates that even the relatively low-tech telephone call can be a reliable telehealth option, and it may be more appealing to people, she said. "Nothing about this was surprising, especially in this patient population and with what we would consider relatively routine procedures, especially if they travel great distances, we know people would like an alternative," said Dr. Glenn Ault of the department of surgery at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Using telemedicine to make sure only surgical patients who need to be seen end up going to a clinic could help cut down on crowds and wait times, said Ault, who wrote a commentary to accompany the research. He already uses telemedicine in his practice in L.A. health system, and has also had patients send pictures of their wounds before coming in to the office. The next step will be to study telehealth options for other procedures, he said. "Healthcare as we view it will undergo some significant transformation in the years ahead, the status quo cannot continue," he said. "We are going to have to look for different ways to safely and efficiently provide care," and telehealth could play an important role, he said.


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The American Foundation for the Blind (AFB) is deeply grateful to our funders, who have enabled us to preserve the largest repository of historical materials about and by Helen Keller, and to make this unique collection fully accessible to a global audience.
In particular we wish to thank the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) for awarding AFB a Humanities Collections and Reference Resources grant to digitize and disseminate this unique archive. NEH funding was indispensable in making this project possible.
Furthermore, we are indebted to American Express for becoming our founding corporate sponsor.
Below is a roll call of all those who have contributed to this landmark project—our heartfelt thanks go out to each and every one of you. If you would like to become a supporter of this project, please contact Helen Selsdon at email@example.com.
250,000 and up
National Endowment for the Humanities
100,000 – 249,000
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20,000 – 49,999
Achelis and Bodman Foundation
George Storer
Winston Foundation
10,000 – 19,999
Newmont Mining Corporation
Zegar Family Foundation
1,000 – 9,999
Robert Dumper
Ted Francavilla
Humanities New York
Karl Kiser
Brad Meltzer
Royal New Zealand Foundation of the Blind
up to 499
Adams, Willa
Appleby, Kathleen
Anderson, Lia
Barton, Sarah
Beattie, Christophe
Blackwood, Steven
Block, Laurie
Boge, Norma
Castonguay, Jason
Clifford, Arthur
Cohen, Bruce
Demmitt, Audrey
Cook, Molly
Dote-Kwan, Jamie
Dubin, Toya and Andrew
Dupuis, Kathleen
Emerson, Elizabeth
Etheriedge, Deborah
Falk, Candace S.
Faust, Adair
Fisch, Susan Alpern
Flax, Marshall
Forsyth, Sheila
Frank, Joan
Frankl, Nancy
Fruchterman, James
Garton, Hillary
Geistert, Noanie
Goldstein, David
Harrington, Cheryl
Hartin, Penny
Huber, Dave
Hudson, Sharon
Huetter, Karen
Hugues, Nicole
Jenkins, Phil
Kelman, Ari
Kennedy, Susan
Kirtley, Carol
Kudlick, Catherine
Jonason, Maureen Kelly
Laban, Kenneth & Mallies, Michael
Landrum, Shirley
Lewis, Paul and Sandra
Lofthouse, Patricia
Long, Kate
Lueck, Amanda
Lysiak, Lori
Manning, Naomi
Marchese, Amy
Marinello, Catherine
Marion, Lucille
Marlin, David and Jackie
Marston, Ward
Matheson, Maureen
McDonald, Yumi
McGowan, Michael
McLean, Gary
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Miller, Cyral
Miller, Harvey
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Moscovich, Rotem
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Osborn, Frances
Osborne, Isabelle
Paterson, Mr. and Mrs. John N.
Rachal, Laura
Rappaport, Doreen
Rosenthal, Keith
Roussel, Margaret
Rubery, Matt
Scharpf, Cordelia
Selsdon, Helen
Serlin, David
Shapiro, James
Shirek, Sherry
Strauss-Schwartz, Judy
Surrago, Mary Jane
Thompson, Jeanie
Trent, James W.
Troiano, Michael
Vanderheiden, Gregg
Veillette, William
Wedewer, Harry
Werner, Marta
Wocher, Greg
Wright, JoAnne
Yorkin, Peg
We also thank those who have given anonymously to this project.


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How to Choose Local Seo Services in Yorkana, Pennsylvania
SEO is important for any business that wants to be visible online, but it's especially important for businesses that rely on local customers. If you're a business owner who is looking to improve your online visibility, you may be considering hiring a local SEO company. But how do you know which company to choose? Here are a few things to keep in mind as you select Local Seo Services in Yorkana, Pennsylvania.
Main things to know about local SEO services in Yorkana, Pennsylvania
First, consider your budget. How much are you willing to invest in SEO? Be sure to get cost estimates from a few different companies before making a decision. Second, think about your goals. What do you want to achieve with SEO?
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Third, look at the company's credibility and reputation. What do other people say about them? Are they accredited by any reputable organizations? Do they have any industry awards or accolades? This research will help you narrow down your options to the companies that are most likely to deliver results.
Finally, don't forget about customer service. You want to work with a company that is responsive and helpful, and that you feel good about communicating with on a regular basis. Once you've considered all of these factors, you'll be in a good position to choose a local SEO company that's right for your business.
Online Visibility for local business in Yorkana, Pennsylvania
If you're looking to improve your business's online visibility, hiring a local SEO company is a great option. Keep budget, goals, credibility, and customer service in mind as you evaluate different companies, and you'll be sure to find one that's a good fit for your business.
As a business owner, you know that it takes a lot of hard work and dedication to making your company successful. You may also be familiar with the term "SEO", or Search Engine Optimization. SEO is the practice of improving the ranking of your websites on search engines like Google, Yahoo, and Bing. While there are many tactics you can use to improve your SEO ranking, one of the most important is local SEO. Local SEO involves optimizing your website and content for local searches. This can be done by including your city and state in your website's title tags and meta descriptions, as well as including keywords related to your city or state in your content. If you're looking for ways to improve your local SEO ranking contact us.
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Taking Mini-Breaks and Stretching
Taking small periodic breaks doesn't just allow you to have a mini-mental vacation from the constant reins of work, it's also an important opportunity to reduce built-up physical tension by stretching out your contracted and tensed body. Every 30 to 40 minutes your body needs to move, stretch and get out of any position that it's been stuck in.
Assuming that your working position is in the seated posture, the following stretches can be performed throughout the day, everyday, to keep your body happy and healthy. All stretches should be held for 15-30 seconds and performed 1-3 times, depending on the amount of time you have. Hold the stretch in a position in which you can feel the muscles comfortably stretch.
Important Note: Do not perform any exercise or stretch without the recommendation of a licensed health care professional. If performing exercises or stretches at the recommendation of a licensed health care professional, immediately discontinue and seek professional medical assistance should unusual or abnormal pain and/or discomfort arise. Any and all exercises, stretches or similar contained within or available from this website are meant only for active patients of our office who have been specifically advised to perform said exercises, stretches or similar.
Basic Neck Stretches
Eyes To The Sky – Extend your head backwards while allowing your mouth to open. Allowing your mouth to open allows for a greater stretch to the muscles of the anterior neck. If you experience any balance problems, stretch the neck in the seated position only.
Ear To Shoulder – With your head centered over your shoulders, drop one ear to the same side shoulder. You should feel the opposite side of your neck stretch. You may increase the stretch by applying pressure to the top of the head with your hand. Repeat on the opposite side.
Chin To Chest – Drop your head forward while tucking your chin in towards your neck. Place one hand on the top of the head and gently apply added pressure if you wish to increase the stretch. This stretch affects the posterior cervical musculature.
Lateral Torso Stretch – While seated, grasp the lateral thigh or armrest of the chair with your opposite side arm and rotate your torso by pulling with the hand. Repeat to the opposite side.
Anterior Torso Stretch – In a seated or standing position with your hands interconnected place them behind your head and neck. Then, squeeze your shoulder blades together and extend your back slightly.
Posterior Torso Stretch – In the seated position with your buttocks on the forward edge of the chair, spread your legs apart and lean your torso forward, between your legs. If your back and hamstring muscles are tight, you will feel them stretch during this movement.
These are just some of the many stretches which can and should be performed frequently.


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Opioids/Nalbuphine Interactions
This information is generalized and not intended as specific medical advice. Consult your healthcare professional before taking or discontinuing any drug or commencing any course of treatment.
Medical warning:
Moderate. These medicines may cause some risk when taken together. Contact your healthcare professional (e.g. doctor or pharmacist) for more information.
How the interaction occurs:
Nalbuphine may prevent your other pain medicine from working.
What might happen:
If you have taken opioid medicines for a while, nalbuphine may cause you to experience withdrawal symptoms.If you have only taken opioid medicines for a short time, and nalbuphine may reduce some of the side effects of your medicine, such as itching or shallow breathing; however, your opioid may not control your pain as well.
What you should do about this interaction:
Let your healthcare professionals (e.g. doctor or pharmacist) know that you are taking these medicines together and how long you have been taking an opioid. If your pain gets worse, or if you have withdrawal symptoms such as trouble sleeping, sweating, widened pupils, runny nose, watering eyes, irritability, weakness, muscle aches/twitching/cramps, stomach cramps, hot/cold flashes, sneezing, vomiting, diarrhea, rapid breathing, fast heartbeat, and/or fever, contact your doctor.Your healthcare professionals may already be aware of this interaction and may be monitoring you for it. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with them first.
- 1.Nubain (nalbuphine hydrochloride) US prescribing information. Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc. October, 2019.
- 2.Wang JJ, Ho ST, Hu OY. Comparison of intravenous nalbuphine infusion versus saline as an adjuvant for epidural morphine. Reg Anesth 1996 May-Jun;21(3):214-8.
- 3.Wang JJ, Ho ST, Tzeng JI. Comparison of intravenous nalbuphine infusion versus naloxone in the prevention of epidural morphine-related side effects. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1998 Sep-Oct;23(5):479-84.
- 4.Houlihan KP, Mitchell RG, Flapan AD, Steedman DJ. Excessive morphine requirements after pre-hospital nalbuphine analgesia. J Accid Emerg Med 1999 Jan;16(1):29-31.
- 5.Robinson N, Burrows N. Excessive morphine requirements after pre-hospital nalbuphine analgesia. J Accid Emerg Med 1999 Sep;16(5):392.
- 6.Jaffe RS, Moldenhauer CC, Hug CC Jr, Finlayson DC, Tobia V, Kopel ME. Nalbuphine antagonism of fentanyl-induced ventilatory depression: a randomized trial. Anesthesiology 1988 Feb;68(2):254-60.
- 7.Ramsay JG, Higgs BD, Wynands JE, Robbins R, Townsend GE. Early extubation after high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia for aortocoronary bypass surgery: reversal of respiratory depression with low-dose nalbuphine. Can Anaesth Soc J 1985 Nov;32(6):597-606.
- 8.Blaise GA, Nugent M, McMichan JC, Durant PA. Side effects of nalbuphine while reversing opioid-induced respiratory depression: report of four cases. Can J Anaesth 1990 Oct;37(7):794-7.
- 9.Moldenhauer CC, Roach GW, Finlayson DC, Hug CC Jr, Kopel ME, Tobia V, Kelly S. Nalbuphine antagonism of ventilatory depression following high-dose fentanyl anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1985 May;62(5):647-50.
- 10.Bailey PL, Clark NJ, Pace NL, Stanley TH, East KA, van Vreeswijk H, van de Pol P, Clissold MA, Rozendaal W. Antagonism of postoperative opioid-induced respiratory depression: nalbuphine versus naloxone. Anesth Analg 1987 Nov;66(11):1109-14.
- 11.Latasch L, Teichmuller T, Dudziak R, Probst S. Antagonisation of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression by nalbuphine. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 1989;40(1):35-40.
- 12.Zsigmond EK, Durrani Z, Barabas E, Wang XY, Tran L. Endocrine and hemodynamic effects of antagonism of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression by nalbuphine. Anesth Analg 1987 May;66(5):421-6.
- 13.Davies GG, From R. A blinded study using nalbuphine for prevention of pruritus induced by epidural fentanyl. Anesthesiology 1988 Nov; 69(5):763-5.
- 14.Kendrick WD, Woods AM, Daly MY, Birch RF, DiFazio C. Naloxone versus nalbuphine infusion for prophylaxis of epidural morphine-induced pruritus. Anesth Analg 1996 Mar;82(3):641-7.
- 15.Cohen SE, Ratner EF, Kreitzman TR, Archer JH, Mignano LR. Nalbuphine is better than naloxone for treatment of side effects after epidural morphine. Anesth Analg 1992 Nov;75(5):747-52.
- 16.Alhashemi JA, Crosby ET, Grodecki W, Duffy PJ, Hull KA, Gallant C. Treatment of intrathecal morphine-induced pruritus following caesarean section. Can J Anaesth 1997 Oct;44(10):1060-5.
- 17.Parker RK, Holtmann B, White PF. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia: interactions between nalbuphine and hydromorphone. Anesth Analg 1997 Apr; 84(4):757-63.
- 18.Henderson SK, Cohen H. Nalbuphine augmentation of analgesia and reversal of side effects following epidural hydromorphone. Anesthesiology 1986 Aug;65(2):216-8.
- 19.Preston KL, Bigelow GE, Liebson IA. Antagonist effects of nalbuphine in opioid-dependent human volunteers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989 Mar; 248(3):929-37.
- 20.Hartree C. Caution with nalbuphine in patients on long-term opioids. Palliat Med 2005 Mar;19(2):168.
- 21.Smith J, Guly H. Nalbuphine and slow release morphine. BMJ 2004 Jun 12; 328(7453):1426.
Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use.
CONDITIONS OF USE: The information in this database is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of healthcare professionals. The information is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, drug interactions or adverse effects, nor should it be construed to indicate that use of a particular drug is safe, appropriate or effective for you or anyone else. A healthcare professional should be consulted before taking any drug, changing any diet or commencing or discontinuing any course of treatment.


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This is an archive of past discussions. Please use the main Trapeza page to resurrect any of these topics.
This Questions page is the place to post and answer general questions regarding the work here on OrthodoxWiki. We hope we can help! For general reference/research questions. please see OrthodoxWiki:Reference desk
Skin change
I don't know about y'all, but I liked the default skin without the boxes rounded off at the corners. Any chance that could be an option for the default skin? —Dcn. Andrew talk random contribs 12:57, 10 Sep 2005 (EDT)
- Sure, I could put it in as an option, just for you :-). Give me a little time on this though! Fr. John
Spoken Word
I just ran across Wikipedia's Spoken Word Project. Might there be podcasting in our future??? What do you think? Fr. John
What to do?
Someone (Fr John?) contacted me at Wikipedia and asked me to help out here, but I'm not sure where to start. I've worked on Wikipedia for several years off and one, and it's easy to find things there that need help, but the quality of work I'm seeing here looks much higher, at least at a glance. Is there a ToDo list somewhere, or anything of that sort? Theophan 22:20, 26 Feb 2005 (CST)
- Hi Theophan, I'm sorry for the delay in finding this message, but I'm glad to see that others took up the ball on this one. Fr. John
Is there a reason that all the timestamps show as CST, even though preferences are set to another time zone? - magda 10:14, 18 Mar 2005 (CST)
- Hmm... Server time is set to CST, as well as the wiki default (since I'm in Chicago). Maybe to keep all the timestamps in order, they go for the default instead of you local preferences??? Fr. John 14:29, 18 Mar 2005 (CST)
I was reading an article about the recent synod in Turkey, and came across the word diptych. I asked my husband about it and he said this usage refers to the commemoration of the Patriarchs, who usually co-commemorate each other (as each local church commemorates the bishop, metropolitan, patriarch, etc.). Any idea why this is called a diptych? --magda 11:53, 25 May 2005 (CDT)
- Hi magda, the Wikipedia article says "A diptych is any object with two flat plates attached at a hinge. These objects were quite popular in the ancient world, since they could record notes and measure time and direction." I assume this was just the commonest medium upon which the names of those commemorated were written.
- As a side note, this page seems to be for OrthodoxWiki related questions. Maybe we should move it to a general Orthodoxy q and A page, kind of like Google Answers? Any more ideas on how to best structure this? Fr. John
Troparia and other prayers for Saints' entries?
Given that this Wiki is unabashedly Orthodox, would it be acceptable to try to have appropriate liturgical prayers in each Saint's entry?
- Oops, that was from me Dogface 23:02, December 4, 2005 (CST)
Calendar of Saints
I made a couple of entries on Saints, however I don't know how to put links to the articles in the calendar. How should I do this? - Silentchapel
- OrthodoxWiki:Style Manual (Church Calendar) says to just edit the template for the date. So for February 18 edit Template:February 18. Hope this helps. - Andrew 15:26, April 26, 2006 (CDT)
"You have new messages" flag
The new messages flag keeps displaying even after I've read the new message on my talk page. It keeps displaying even after I've logged out and logged back in. And it keeps displaying even when I log in later on on my other computer. Normally, the message flag should go off once the new message has been retrieved for the first time. That's certainly how it happens on other sites that use the same wikisoftware, e.g., Wikipedia. --Aquarius Rising 17:49, April 26, 2006 (CDT)
- Not sure what's happening here. I haven't seen problems like this before. Have you clicked the "View new messages" link directly yet? Have you tried to refresh your browser? Not sure what else to say! Fr. John 22:38, April 26, 2006 (CDT)
- I have logged in after several days absence, and there is still a new messages flag regarding those earlier, already read messages. And I did click the view new messages link directly. It's weird. I have never experienced this glitch on Wikipedia, Uncyclopedia or any other wiki site that uses the same software. --Aquarius Rising 08:46, May 4, 2006 (CDT)
- Not sure what to say about this. Has there been any resolution? Fr. John 11:48, August 11, 2006 (CDT)
Deleting Articles?
Um, is there any way I can delete an article? I missnamed a couple, so their deletation would be appreciated. Silentchapel
- Thanks Father! Well, the articles that should be deleted are Prophet Habbakuk (real article is Habbakuk) and Cosmas of Jerusalem (real article is Cosmas the Hymnographer). Sorry for causing all the trouble, it is just so fun to improve wiki. :->
- Done. —Fr. Andrew talk contribs (THINK!) 20:42, April 27, 2006 (CDT)
Hmm, I've been having repeated problems with making pictures I've uploaded into stubs in my articles. Please see Edict of Milan, and then tell me what the heck I'm doing wrong! Thanks so much. Gabriela 11 May, 2006, 12:46 (CST)
- Try "thumb" instead. :) Again, good work on the article! (Don't worry. The wiki syntax takes a little while to get used to.) —magda (talk) 12:51, May 11, 2006 (CDT)
- Hmm, that deserves a "duh" response. Don't I feel like a complete idiot! Ah, well, it's good for my sense of humility. Thanks again. I see you also did some minor but quite useful editing. I'm learning. Gabriela 15:02, May 11, 2006 (CST)
Calendar links
Sorry if someone already asked this, but I wouldn't it be more logical for calendar entries only to contain links for actual Saint entries, as opposed to Saints and a large number of links that tend to lead to Saint titles article? For example, if someone wanted to read on St. Theodore the Sanctified, the entry looks like this: Saint Theodore the Sanctified, the disciple of Venerable Pachomius the Great. Depending on where the person clicks (on name or title) it will lead to two different articles, and somoene who isn't proficient at using OrthodoxWiki probably wouldn't know that seemingly one link leads to two different articles. Silentchapel
- Well, when we were starting to put the calendar pages together, we had more pages for the title kinds of things than for the hagiographical articles. Also, many of the titles themselves may provoke curiosity, for instance "venerable": I found out why some saints are called that when I was working on the calendar. Because the calendar templates are viewed on the main page, it seemed that they should be accessible to the broadest number of people, including those who do not know what a saint is. I tried to make sure that the titles were only linked once per day. Perhaps there should be another way of emphasizing the names of the saints of the day? —magda (talk) 07:36, May 18, 2006 (CDT)
Hmm, I'm trying to use an icon from skete.com, but they have the site locked so that you can't right click on the images and pull up a menu to save it to the hard drive. Basically, I can't put it on my computer, so I can't upload it and post it here. What am I missing about how everyone else managed to upload the skete images? Gabriela 10:38, 23 May, 2006 (CDT)
- Ok, update. I managed to circumvent the skete site (though I'm still giving them credit in the image license) by searching on google and finding the same icon on religiousmall.com, which wasn't locked so you couldn't put it on your hard drive. Still, I'm sure there's an easier way. Gabriela 10:52, 23 May, 2006 (CDT)
- I look at the page's source (ctrl-U on Firefox; not sure about your browser) and search for "jpg". It's usually the 2nd hit or so, often with an "alt" tag with the saint's name. I then use the text from the "src" field, add it to the end of http://www.skete.com/ and, hey, presto! you have the image's URL. You can then right-click and save to your heart's content. —Fr. Andrew talk contribs (THINK!) 17:58, May 23, 2006 (CDT)
IRC Channel
Just wondering if any of ya'll have given thought on creating an IRC channel for Orthodoxwiki. I was considering it, but I thought it best to ask my fellow Orthodoxwikians before taking on the endeavor myself. Does anyone have suggestions? Server locations? Does this sound like a good idea? Mike 17:40, 2 June, 2006 (CDT)
- Check out OrthodoxWiki:Chat. There's an IRC channel sponsored by User:Joe Rodgers; I'm not sure how active it is, but I've used it once. —magda (talk) 07:32, June 8, 2006 (CDT)
Commons Image tags
Sorry, but I'm still bad with this copyright bureaucracy stuff. From what I understand (correct me if I'm wrong), if I'm using an icon from htm or skete, then all I need to do is add the skete.com/htm tag, not the limited one. But if I want to use an image from Wikimedia commons, I believe I'm supposed to use both the commons tag and whatever other tag the page has (GNU, public domain, creative commons, etc.). Is this correct? Gabriela 16:04, June 3, 2006 (CDT)
- Yes. —Dcn. Andrew talk random contribs 16:07, June 3, 2006 (CDT)
OW discussions need consolidation
I think we've got a few too many "Discussion pages" on OrthodoxWiki. Every article has a discussion page, so shouldn't we just focus on one or two "first stop" discussion pages and then point to the others from there? Otherwise, the community gets splintered and there's no central meeting place. Wikipedia has a Village pump for it's central meeting place. We could convert one of the existing discussion pages here (e.g. OrthodoxWiki:Questions) into a central pump that everyone can get used to visiting regularly to check up on the pulse of the wiki. The intro on the page can read something like
Please use this as a jumping-off point for any question or point you'd like to raise. It is recommended that you start a discussion on a page relating to your question first; then link to it from here if you're not getting enough participation.
In the future, we may want to break up the "pump" into the currently divided pages, but for now, I don't think we've got a big enough crowd to warrant that many different "Discussion pages". Instead, I would be glad to go ahead and do some massive archiving and page merges to centralize the discussion (including merging most of the content from Talk:Main Page); I'll go into details on that if I end up getting some positive feedback on this topic. Another idea is to have an additional page that periodically consolidates any "Ongoing issues" that haven't been resolved on the main "pump"; this is how we do it at Wikible.
This is related to the OrthodoxWiki:Categories discussion you're having, too. That page is an example of a topic that doesn't need it's own "Discussion page" linked from the Community Portal. Just create something like Category:Categories (the root category at Wikipedia) and use its discussion page. I would be glad to help structure a nice OrthodoxWiki category tree.
While I'm here, let me just say a big thanks to everyone's efforts at OrthodoxWiki. It's exciting to be working with people who have both the skills and commitment to make such a great website to the glory of Jesus Christ! --J. J. 10:05, August 11, 2006 (CDT)
- I think this is a great idea, especially for the more general (non-article specific) discussions. Many of the regulars, I expect, keep up with all the various discussions via RSS or the Recent Changes page, but a more centralized system would be helpful. I'm not yet convinced about the need for a detailed category tree, although I'm definitely open to the idea. We already have Special:Categories, for example, and the Main Page functions as a kind of root-level for a category tree. I'd love to hear from some of the other sysops on this (and anyone else who wants to chime in). Finally, thanks for your kind words about OrthodoxWiki! Fr. John
- P.S. Hope you don't mind that I quoted your comment here.
- Hehe, I saw that quote. If I had the foresight, I would have come up with something more intellectual to say; too late now ;-) I've never been a fan of Special:Categories since there is no taxonomy associated with it (other than being in alphabetical order, of course). --J. J. 12:31, August 11, 2006 (CDT)
- We honestly don't really use these discussion pages all that much, probably because the admins have the listserv. Consolidation here is fine with me, though not if we're talking about the individual talk pages for articles. —Dcn. Andrew talk random contribs 14:20, August 11, 2006 (CDT)
- Against. What kind of consolidation are we talking about? ISTM that talk pages for specific article pages are so because they are about that specific article. Combining this with the unfortunate fact that people often don't know the OW standard for talk pages (tabs, sigs), and for the foreseeable future this will continue to be the case, article talk pages seem to be the best way to go.
- That being said, consolidating the smaller talk pages, considering that most of the issues raised have been sorted, would avoid this problem. However, either way it's a lot of effort, and I honestly don't think it's worth it: there are no security issues, no space issues; in short, it's all about aesthetics, and it's a lot of work by someone for little benefit and what will amount to being inconvenient consolidation archiving. — edited by Pιsτévο talk complaints at 17:13, August 11, 2006 (CDT)


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Ohio has been a key swing state in the last three presidential races. As with many elections, there are reports of stolen yard signs and clashes between supporters of the candidates at rallies.
But there's a tone in Ohio this year that seems to go beyond what we've witnessed before, and not just as it concerns the very tight presidential race.
Civility in politics is "at a pretty low ebb," agrees John Green at the Bliss Institute for Applied Politics at the University of Akron, which has been compiling data on the subject for the Ohio Civility Project.
I've been a reporter in Ohio for 22 years and have specialized in political reporting for the past eight. Ohioans usually are happy to live in a state that plays such a critical role in the selection of a president, and they are no strangers to high-passion, full-throated political campaigns for statewide office.
But I've never seen this state so passionately split, and while it's great to see so many people engaged, it's concerning to see so many who are also very angry. And never have I heard so many people — including political junkies — say they can't wait for the election to be over.
As one of the most crucial presidential swing states, Ohio has played frequent host to President Obama, Vice President Biden, Republican nominee Mitt Romney and his running mate, Rep. Paul Ryan of Wisconsin. And we've seen nonstop national political ads.
But the state also has two of the most expensive races in the country.
The contest between Republican Rep. Jim Renacci and Democratic Rep. Betty Sutton in northeast Ohio is one of two in the nation pitting incumbents against one another. The ads in that race have been described as " brutal."
"If you've watched TV much, you probably think Betty Sutton and I both hate puppies and grandmothers too," Renacci said in a recent ad. "It's ridiculous."
In the Senate race — Ohio's other big-money contest — the rancor between Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown and Republican Treasurer Josh Mandel is apparently trickling down to their supporters. The candidates met last week for the first of three debates before the normally staid City Club of Cleveland.
I moderated that debate, the only face-to-face meeting between the candidates before a live audience, in which Mandel said Brown "lied to the people of Ohio" and Brown said Mandel "couldn't be trusted."
The audience of about 1,300 could be politely described as boisterous. Even after they were reminded to keep their audible support to a minimum, audience members applauded loudly after questions, and their jeers and boos nearly interrupted the candidates' answers in the latter part of the debate.
Karen Kasler is chief of the Statehouse News Bureau for Ohio Public Radio and Television
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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The potential cancellation of the NASA Kepler satellite mission would mark the end of an unparalleled source of information about planets and planetary systems outside of Earth's solar system, known as exoplanets, according to Princeton University astrophysicist Gáspár Bakos , who studies exoplanets and has discovered more than 40.
NASA announced May 15 that a mechanical failure within the Kepler satellite, which launched in 2009 and was extended to run through 2016, means that it can no longer be accurately positioned to make observations. As a result, the space agency may end the data-collection phase of the satellite, though several-years' worth of data remains for scientists to analyze. Scientists have so far used the satellite — which includes a 1 meter-diameter telescope and an extremely high-precision camera — to identify nearly 2,800 planet candidates, of which about 100 have been confirmed.
Bakos can be reached through Princeton science writer Morgan Kelly at 609-258-5729, or mgnkelly [a] princeton (p) edu.
Bakos said that although Kepler is popularly known for its mission to discover Earth-like planets, it also has been essential in understanding the characteristics and movement of planets in other solar systems. For example, the satellite has helped scientists establish that small planets are "extremely frequent" in the universe as opposed to the rare hot-Jupiter planets, or planets similar in size and composition to Jupiter but very close to its parent star, he said.
"Kepler has been operating for four years and produced fantastic results," Bakos said. "For example, it found Kepler-62, a five-planet system [1,200 light years from Earth] with planets 1.4 and 1.6 times Earth's radii, and within the parent star's habitable zone." The habitable zone is the optimal distance from a star for a planet to have liquid water and possibly harbor life.
The mechanical failure would scuttle the Kepler mission two years before it was scheduled to end — and there is no other instrument available that can replace it, Bakos said. The next best instrument is the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which was selected by NASA for consideration, but will not fly until 2017 or 2018 at the earliest, said Bakos, who is a co-investigator on that mission. Transiting refers to when a planet passes in front of its star; the resulting light bend indicates to scientists that a planet is present.
In the meantime, scientists would miss out on two years that could increase the chances of discovering extra-small planets as well as extrasolar moons, Bakos said. The moons of exoplanets are especially difficult to detect and none have thus far been discovered.
Bakos joined the Princeton faculty in 2011 and focuses much of his research on extrasolar planets, and on studying the cosmos with small telescopes. Bakos launched and oversees HATNet (Hungarian-made Automated Telescope Network) and HATSouth, planet-hunting networks of fully automated, small-scale telescopes installed on four continents that scan the sky every night for extrasolar planets as they transit in front of their parent star.