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Product Information
What is Adobe Media Server?
Adobe Media Server 5 is a software-based streaming server that enables companies to deliver video and custom communications applications across desktops, connected TVs, tablets, and iOS and Android™ devices.
What are the differences between the various Adobe Media Server editions?
Adobe Media Server comes in three different editions or versions: Standard, Professional and Extended. The Standard edition is the lowest priced version, providing functionality for smaller video streaming applications. The Professional edition is provides functionality for larger scale video streaming and communications applications. The Extended edition, the premium version of the software contains advanced communications features and no license capacity limits. See the buying guide for a detailed comparison.
What are the system requirements needed to run Adobe Media Server?
- 3.2 GHz Intel® Pentium® 4 processor (Dual processor Intel Xeon® or faster recommended)
- Microsoft® Windows Server® 2008 R2 (64 bit) and 2012 R2 (64 bit)
- 64-bit operating systems: 4 GB of RAM (8 GB recommended)
- 1 Gbps Ethernet card recommended (multiple network cards and 10 Gbps card also supported)
Intel® Pentium®, Intel Centrino®, Intel Xeon®, or Intel Core™ Duo processor
Intel® Pentium®, Intel Centrino®, Intel Xeon®, or Intel Core™ Duo processor
Microsoft® Windows® 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista®, or Windows 7
16MB of RAM (32MB recommended)
Intel® Pentium®, Intel Centrino®, Intel Xeon®, or Intel Core™ Duo processor
Microsoft® Windows® 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista®, or Windows 7
16MB of RAM (32MB recommended)
- 3.2 GHz Intel® Pentium® 4 processor (Dual processor Intel Xeon® or faster recommended)
- Red Hat® Enterprise Linux® Server 6.6 (64 bit) or CentOS Linux 6.6 (64 bit)
- 64 bit operating systems: 4 GB of RAM (8 GB recommended)
- 1 Gbps Ethernet card recommended (multiple network cards and 10 Gbps card also supported)
Is Adobe Media Server available as a hosted or cloud based service?
Yes, the server is available from many of the leading Content Delivery Networks as well as available via Amazon Web Services.
Who will be interested in Adobe Media Server?
Adobe Media Server will appeal to enterprises, broadcasters and media distribution companies with large video libraries that need to be published across a diverse device landscape, as well as enterprises that have a desired for bespoke interactive communications applications. Adobe Media Server also supports the FCC's requirements for closed captions and extends the protection options for native iOS apps.
Product configuration
Why would I host my own Adobe Media Server vs. using a CDN for premium video streaming?
Streaming from within your network infrastructure is potentially more cost effective. You can control access and delivery channels, plus manage the load on your network with the origin/edge configuration of Adobe Media Server. You can also deploy deep authentication and interactive solutions that content delivery networks (CDNs) do not support. In addition, you can support more advanced media delivery options including multicast and multicast fusion using encrypted RTMFP.
Does Adobe Media Server support IPV6?
Yes, IPV6 has been supported since Flash Media Server version 3 (2008).
Why would I choose Adobe Media Server over clone servers?
- On-demand HTTP Dynamic Streaming — You can package F4F files in real time from existing MP4 or FLV video files, simplifying the workflow for HTTP delivery and eliminating the need for prepackaging content for Flash Player.
- Easy-to-use content protection — More than 20 CDNs worldwide push over 800 petabytes of video data through Adobe Media Server each year.
- Stronger protection — You can protect adaptive bitrate video on demand and live streams at the same time to Flash Player-compatible and iOS devices. Add even more digital rights management (DRM) protection with Adobe Access, with consistent support across desktops, devices, and select connected TVs.
- More secure multicast, including multicast fusion — You can support higher quality video in your enterprise without impacting your network, now with enhancements such as stream replication, server-side recording, and rebroadcast.
- A more robust experience — With applications like Adobe Connect™ and partners like Akamai constantly driving the technology, Adobe Media Server has real-world deployments that are robust and difficult to duplicate.
- Live video — Adobe Flash Media Live Encoder supports H.264 live streaming and DVR functionality. Streaming via clone servers is not supported with Flash Media Live Encoder.
- Peer-assisted networking — You can reduce your bandwidth costs by using Flash Player to help distribute video and data.
- UDP communication — This feature provides lower latency for real-time communication applications.
- Absolute timecode — This feature enables improved synchronization options.
- SWF file verification — An important part of protected content and communication delivery is to make sure your SWF files are not compromised.
Are CDNs required to support Adobe Media Server?
No. Adobe Media Server can be configured as a remote origin server for HTTP delivery. If you don't want to run your own origin, Adobe is working closely with CDN partners to enable HTTP and RTMP services. Contact individual partners to learn more about their plans.
Does Adobe Media Server support HTML5?
Yes. Adobe Media Server can deliver content to HTML5 on iOS devices using the HLS streaming format. For other browsers supporting HTML5, you can use Adobe Media Server to deliver progressively.
How many servers do I need for HTTP streaming?
On-demand packaging in Adobe Media Server can support the packaging of hundreds of files at the same time. Once a file has been packaged, it will remain in the HTTP cache for the next person. When used with HTTP caching technologies (such as Varnish or SQUID) and CDNs, scalability increases dramatically. If you are streaming only a few files to a large audience, the demand on Adobe Media Server is low. If you are streaming a large number of different files to an audience, the impact on the server increases. For iOS streaming, there is no additional impact on the server capacity. For streaming with encryption, there is an impact on the number of concurrent files that can be packaged.
Is Adobe Media Server scalable?
Yes, Adobe Media Server supports RTMP edge caching configurations. The origin and edge architecture provides the caching services required for large and distributed installations. You can also use both of these editions to split live streams to multiple locations to improve load balancing.
RTMFP applications are now more easily scalable with the new introduction forwarding features that allow multiple servers to be used to manage your P2P group.
Are Adobe Media Server applications and configurations compatible with Flash Media Server 3, 3.5, 4, or 4.5?
Adobe Media Server has full backward compatibility with versions 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5. Custom C++ plug-ins that were written for 3 or 3.5 will need to be recompiled for deployment in 64 bit:
- Client-side ActionScript®: You should test your application to help ensure compatibility.
- Server-side ActionScript: Limited changes have been made to the server-side APIs.
- Configuration files: Configuration files have had significant changes. Back up your previous-version configuration files and transfer to version 4.5 configurations.
- RTMP origin/edge: Mixed version 3.x and version 4.5 origin/edge servers are not supported.
Where can I get support and maintenance upgrades?
Adobe has an agreement with Veriskope, a provider of video streaming solutions for the broadcast and entertainment industries, to provide continued sales and support for Adobe Media Server, Real-Time Messaging Protocol SDK, and Flash Media Live Encoder.
Veriskope is the exclusive reseller of these products and will service customers who have purchased them from Veriskope, Adobe or any other party. Customers who want to purchase, renew or upgrade Adobe Media Server, Real-Time Messaging Protocol SDK, Flash Media Live Encoder and/or support for these products should use this link to contact Veriskope.
Video streaming
What options do I have to stream video with Adobe Media Server?
Adobe Media Server offers multiple ways to deliver video. Each method has unique benefits.
Does Adobe Media Server support HD streaming?
Yes. High-definition video can be delivered via Flash Player using either the VP6 or the H.264 codec. H.264 can deliver great quality at lower bitrates. HD delivery is supported in both live and on-demand over all protocols. HD video delivery is best used with dynamic streaming (RTMP or HTTP). HD video is streamed with either a 480p or 720p frame size with bitrates as high as 2–3Mbps.
What is dynamic streaming?
Adobe Media Server supports dynamic streaming with media encoded in multiple bitrates. Dynamic streaming lets you switch smoothly between these video files to help ensure a high-quality experience for the video consumer. Dynamic streaming can be used with RTMP or HTTP to Flash Player, or HLS delivery to Apple iOS.
What is multicast?
Adobe Media Server supports IP multicast streaming and recording for live video to Flash Player 10.1 or later. Multicast is a highly optimized method to deliver high-quality video to a very large audience with virtually no impact on the server as demand increases.
Adobe Media Server can generate a multicast broadcast from any live RTMP stream or a linear stream from a server-side playlist. Flash Player 10.1 and later clients do not need a server connection to receive the stream. Multicast is very useful for large-scale broadcasts within enterprise networks.
Video players developed with OSMF will have full support for IP multicast.
Source-specific multicast (SSM) lets you generate and consume both SSM and any-source multicast (ASM), enabling stream replication, server-side recording, or rebroadcast over separate multicast channels or RTMFP groups. SSM support reduces the demand on the network resources while also improving the security of the streams.
Standard progressive delivery over HTTP seems cheaper. Is this true?
Streaming video through Adobe Media Server can support more concurrent high-quality streams per server than progressive download because streaming serves only the portion of the video that's requested. This can potentially save you substantial bandwidth charges — which could more than offset the cost of Adobe Media Server licensing. Adobe Media Server can also determine the most efficient stream to deliver to a client — either before streaming even starts with native bandwidth detection or during playback using RTMP Dynamic Streaming.
What are the benefits of HTTP Dynamic Streaming?
HTTP Dynamic Streaming enables you to leverage existing caching infrastructures (for example, CDNs, ISPs, office caching, home networking). This format enables broadcasters to operate a remote origin to delivery through multiple CDNs and optimize delivery to mobile devices.
How do I prepare my content for HTTP Dynamic Streaming?
Adobe Media Server supports real time packaging for HTTP Dynamic Streaming. No prepackaging is required for existing MP4 assets.
For the optimal user experience, dynamic streaming (both HTTP and RTMP) requires that:
- The different versions or pieces of content are synchronized (the video timelines must match)
- Audio or other data in each content stream is synchronized with the video data in that stream
To provide users with the smoothest experience, when you encode the content, follow these recommendations:
- Ensure that the video keyframe interval (keyframe frequency) and frame rate are consistent across the different versions of content. A shorter keyframe interval lets the server switch streams more quickly, which means the client can have a smaller playback buffer.
- Use a consistent audio bitrate.
- Use a consistent audio sample rate as much as possible. For low-end encodings, you can save bandwidth by using mono audio rather than stereo.
Can I stream to mobile devices?
Adobe Media Server offers full support for all streaming and communication protocols including application-level multicast using peer-assisted networking and Protected HTTP Dynamic Streaming. It also supports protected adaptive bitrate streaming to Apple iOS using the HLS format.
What's the difference between RTMP and HTTP streaming?
RTMP streaming establishes an encrypted session between the Flash Player client and Adobe Media Server to deliver video and real-time communications. RTMP requires a server connection for every stream being delivered. RTMP scaling is achieved by chaining multiple servers together to cache video content. RTMP is compatible with applications developed using Flash Player or AIR.
HTTP streaming does not maintain a persistent connection. Video is delivered by a series of HTTP requests from the player that is controlled by manifest files. Video is broken up into a series of smaller files (called segments or fragments) that are cached in the network to reach large scale. Protection is applied when files are packaged into the smaller fragments or segments.
Adobe Media Server supports two HTTP file formats: HLS for iOS devices and HDS for Flash Player compatible devices. HTTP streaming is optimized for mobile delivery because of its caching features.
What's the difference between HLS and HDS?
HLS is a file container format optimized for Apple devices. The container supports H.264/AAC-encoded video/audio and is based on MPEG-2 transport stream (TS). All video delivered to iOS (including AIR for IOS) must use this format.
HDS is a file container format optimized for applications that run in Flash Player. The container also supports H.264/AAC-encoded video/audio and is based on MPEG-4 TS. HDS is not supported on AIR for iOS.
Why are H.264 and AAC+ codecs so important?
Adobe provides one of the leading online digital media delivery platforms with full support for standards-based H.264. Flash Player supports all encoding profiles of H.264; the codec is also built into the hardware of many mobile devices and can provide optimal viewing experiences without draining the battery.
You can leverage the same video and audio assets across multiple devices including iOS and those compatible with Flash Player, which helps reduce your storage and content management. Flash Player 9 and later supports the playback of formats derived from the MPEG-4 container such as F4V, MP4, M4A, MOV, MP4V, 3GP, and 3G2 if they contain H.264 video and/or HE-AAC audio. iOS and the HLS format support MPEG-2 TS with H.264/AAC codecs.
How many servers do I need for RTMP (Unicast)?
There is no software limit set on the number of simultaneous RTMP streams you can serve on Adobe Media Server, but your configuration, server hardware, and infrastructure may cause limitations in capacity.
What can the embedded HTTP server do?
By default, Adobe Media Server installs an embedded HTTP server. This allows you to deploy SWF and HTML files from the same computer on which it is installed. You can also deploy JPEG, GIF, and many other file types. The HTTP server can also be used to deliver video and audio content via HTTP if RTMP fails. The Apache server has been preconfigured as an origin server for HTTP Dynamic Streaming, allowing you to deliver video on demand or live adaptive bitrate video using the embedded server.
Why does Adobe Media Server use RTMP and not Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)?
RTMP enables multidirectional communication from Flash Player to Adobe Media Server. This protocol allows the client to control the stream delivery quality and security. RTMP has different modes that include two real-time encryption modes: SSL (RTMPS) and RTMPE. It also allows multiway interactive applications to send data back and forth. RTSP is an insecure, one-way protocol. With RTSP, alternate solutions and workflows are needed to protect your content (such as digital rights management). In addition, multidirectional communication is not possible with RTSP. For multicast delivery, RTMFP is fully encrypted transport over UDP and will operate in the same network configurations as RTSP.
How can I support multicast over wide area network (WAN) connections?
You can deliver multicast to multiple offices that are not connected with a multicast-enabled WAN link. This can be done using the multipoint publishing feature, enabling Adobe Media Server to subscribe to an RTMP stream from the ingest server and rebroadcast in the local area network (LAN). For networks with a multicast-enabled WAN connection, no additional servers are required.
What is multicast ingest?
Multicast ingest enables Adobe Media Server to consume, record, and republish multicast streams to additional multicast networks — or drop down to Unicast, HTTP Dynamic Streaming, or even HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) for Apple devices. This feature supports IP multicast, peer-assisted networking, and multicast fusion and allows you to replicate live video more efficiently within your network.
Does Adobe Media Server support multiple camera angle switching?
Yes, you can develop solutions that dynamically switch live or prerecorded video streams.
How does Adobe's P2P support firewall traversal?
Adobe Media Server can negotiate port blocking, either by "tunneling" streams via RTMPT or by automatically defaulting to HTTP delivery if streaming is not permitted by the client's connection. The result is a smooth viewing experience for all clients. For peer-assisted networking, RTMFP has the ability to traverse most firewalls and network address translations (NATs).
Can I stream to Apple devices as well as Flash Player compatible devices?
Yes, Adobe Media Server enables delivery of adaptive bitrate streams at the same time to iOS. You can stream to the Safari browser using an HTML5 player or an Objective C ("native") application. You can also use Adobe AIR for iOS to develop a rich video experience on iOS. HLS streams delivered to iOS devices can be protected with AES128 encryption. Both live and on-demand streaming to iOS can use the integrated HTTP origin.
Can I stream to Adobe AIR for iOS?
Yes, you can stream video from Adobe Media Server to AIR for iOS with full hardware acceleration support for optimal battery life. Video must be streamed using Apple's HLS format to use the hardware acceleration feature.
How do I integrate advertising with my video?
There are many ways to integrate advertising with your video content. If you have a custom player, you can use ActionScript to intersperse ads in any way you like. You can even integrate with an ad server to use its tracking and management features. Easily integrate with third-party ad networks and APIs by utilizing the OSMF plug-in architecture.
Real-time ad insertions or synchronized data cues can also be added to custom video players using the customizable HTTP packaging APIs in Adobe Media Server, enhancing the delivery and monetization of video to Flash Player compatible and iOS devices.
How do I deliver live video?
The best way to deliver live video is by broadcasting through Flash Media Live Encoder, free software that allows you to stream and archive video from almost any source, ranging from webcams to high-end capture cards. It supports VP6 or H.264 codecs and connects to Adobe Media Server, which then broadcasts your stream to connected clients. Alternatively, you can broadcast directly from Flash Player, which is ideal for videoconferencing. Flash Player 11 now supports higher quality video with H.264 encode. Download Flash Media Live Encoder for Mac OS and Windows®.
Can I use dynamic streaming with live video?
Yes. Dynamic streaming supports live video for both RTMP and HTTP streaming. Flash Media Live Encoder 3.2 can be used to create multiple-bitrate encoding.
I have existing Windows Media content. Can I stream that to Flash Player?
Yes. You will need to convert your Windows Media content to one of the formats supported by Flash Player and Adobe AIR. Numerous third-party providers support such formats.
Content protection
How does Adobe Media Server protect from stream theft?
Streaming media using RTMP or RTMFP, including multicast, helps protect your content because media is not cached by the client. Streaming media using HTTP progressive, HTTP Dynamic Streaming, or HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) can be cached and requires additional protection measures.
Stream encryption is enabled with RTMPE and RTMFP protocols.
HTTP Dynamic Streaming can also be encrypted in real time using either Adobe Access or Protected HTTP Dynamic Streaming with a simple configuration.
SWF file verification (with RTMP) helps ensure that the video player accessing your video is actually your video player and not a modified or spoofed version of it. SWF file verification is also supported with content protected by Adobe Access.
HLS streaming to iOS devices can use protected HLS streaming and key delivery over SSL. For more information, see the white paper.
How do I implement encryption and SWF file verification to help protect my content?
Implementing RTMPE is easy — you only need to specify it in your connection string (for example, rtmpe://myFMSserver.com/vod). You can also choose SSL, which requires a certificate. RTMPE does not require a certificate.
To implement SWF file verification for RTMP connections, place a copy of the SWF or Adobe AIR file on Adobe Media Server. Easy configuration options, including support inside the C++ plug-ins, help you integrate with your network environment.
To implement SWF file verification for Protected HTTP Dynamic Streaming , use the SWFHasher tool installed with Adobe Media Server and place the SWF hash into the same directory as your video files. For more information, see the white paper.
RTMFP used for peer-assisted networking is always encrypted.
Does Adobe Media Server support domain checking?
Yes, you can use domain whitelists/blacklists to further protect your content from unauthorized access. Multicast streams do not require server connections, so more advanced access controls will be required in the network or at the client.
What other content protection does Adobe Media Server offer?
Using Adobe Media Server with server-side ActionScript, you can verify that the client is authorized to play the video through a variety of metrics, including referrer, domain, IP address, or even Flash Player version. ActionScript can be used to manage requests made to Adobe Media Server. You can protect SWF files from being reused or modified when using RTMP and help prevent unauthorized connections with SWF file verification.
C++ can also be used to manage authorization by creating custom plug-ins for Adobe Media Server. Plug-ins can be used to closely integrate into your network. You can also leverage databases or user management services such as LDAP using plug-ins. With Adobe Media Server, you can create C++ access plug-ins (such as the Authentication plug-in for Flash Media Live Encoder).
Media packaged with Adobe Access protection can also be streamed with Adobe Media Server.
Where can I read more about content protection features?
For more details about these and other methods for protecting your streams, read the security white paper, or find out more about Adobe Access protection by visiting the Adobe Access product page.
Media communication developer
Can I develop communication applications for iOS?
Yes. Using AIR for IOS, you can develop video chat and voice chat applications that interact with Flash Player or AIR clients running on other devices or desktops. You can use RTMP or RTMFP protocols for communication, and you can use the built-in camera on iOS devices.
Does Adobe Media Server support video chat on mobile devices?
Yes, Adobe Media Server can be used to enable rich video chat applications with Flash Player 10.1 on devices that support camera and microphone. You can build apps to enable communication with desktop players or integrated communication solutions. Video chat is enabled with the multidirectional RTMP or the new peer-assisted networking protocol, RTMFP.
What protocols support communication?
Communication protocols supported with Adobe Media Server include RTMP, RTMFP, and SIP. For SIP communication, you will need to install the add-on Adobe Media Gateway.
Can I stream video from the same server as my interactive application?
Yes, Adobe Media Server supports both simple streaming and custom interactive applications over multiple protocols simultaneously.
What do I need to know to build interactive applications?
If you program for Adobe Flash Professional or Adobe Flash Builder® software and know ActionScript 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0, getting started with Adobe Media Server is easy. You'll use some additional communication classes utilized in both client-side and server-side code in your interactive applications. Explore an extensive list of helpful articles and documentation on the resources page.
What are some examples of communication applications?
Interactive applications can range from simple streaming video or audio playlists to full-featured, multiway videoconferencing applications with access control, multiple rooms, text chat, shared whiteboards, and more. Other examples include:
- Video chat applications
- Video messaging applications
- VoIP applications
- Multiplayer games
- Guest books
- Video messaging
- Surveys
- Webcam snapshot sharing
- Stream recording and listing
- Video bug overlays
- Video uploading and sharing
- And much more
Some sample applications, complete with all source code, are available in the Adobe Media Server Developer Center. These samples can give you a better idea of what can be done with Adobe Media Server and help get you started quickly with your own applications.
For even more inspiration and useful code examples, try the Flash Media Interactive Server Feature Explorer, a cross-platform desktop application built on Adobe AIR. This application hosts more than 30 examples of streaming and multiway communication solutions, including basic server connection examples, complex video streaming, and authentication routines. You can also learn to build video messaging and VoIP solutions.
How can I learn how to build interactive applications?
A rich development community and a wide variety of resources are available for getting started with interactive applications. The best place to start is the Adobe Media Server Developer Center.
What is the development environment?
Adobe Media Server applications can be developed just like any other rich media content, using either Flash Builder or Flash Professional CS6, with the final application being deployed as a SWF file. Server-side code can be written in any text editor or using Flash Builder or Flash Professional.
How can I troubleshoot interactive applications?
Adobe provides numerous tools and resources to help ensure your streaming and interactive applications are robust. The Adobe Media Server administration console lets you monitor your server and is also a server-side debugger. A rich administration API lets you build your own custom unit test applications. The interactive debugger in Flash Professional also helps. In addition, Adobe maintains an up-to-date Knowledgebase on Adobe.com.
How do I enable data push?
Data push, a unique and powerful feature of Adobe Media Server, is enabled using remote shared objects. Remote shared objects can contain complex data that is shared among connected clients. Whenever the data is changed, all connected clients are notified of the change event and the data is automatically updated. This allows you to create rich real-time applications with features such as stock updates, live chat, shared whiteboards, and more. For RTMFP applications, you can use directed routing and posting functions of the peer-to-peer group to send data messages, and enable robust scaling with new distributed peer groups.
Can I record H.264 streams on the server?
Yes, Flash Media Interactive Server 3.5 or later supports recording of streams using the H.264 codec, directly on the server. Archive high-quality live streams so you can quickly deploy the content on demand after your live event is over, and use the free F4V flattener utility to prepare your file for video editing using Adobe Premiere Pro CS6. New multicast enhancements in Adobe Media Server enable server-side recording of multicast streams.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Drag & Drop for Hierarchical Data Structure
This sample app demonstrates node drag and drop operations within DevExtreme TreeView when using a hierarchical data structure. You can reorder nodes within a single tree view or drag and drop nodes between two separate tree views.
Allow users to reorder nodes
Wrap the TreeView in a Sortable and enable the Sortable's allowReordering property. -
Allow users to change node hierarchy
Enable the allowDropInsideItem property so that users can drop one node onto another. This adds it as the target node's child. If this property is disabled, users can only drop nodes between other nodes. -
Allow users to drag only tree view nodes
To specify tree view nodes as drag targets, set the filter property to a class selector. Since all tree view nodes use thedx-treeview-node
class, you can use this class selector as needed. -
Prevent a node from being moved into its child node
When a user moves a parent node into its own child node, it breaks the hierarchy. To prevent this outcome, implement the onDragChange function and traverse up the node tree. If the target is a child of the dragged node,cancel
the ability to drop the node. -
Reorder nodes in code
Implement the onDragEnd function. In this function, you must gather information about nodes being moved. With this information, you can reorder the nodes in the data source (see themoveNode
function), and reassign the data source to the TreeView's items property. -
Specify tree view identifiers (for drag and drop between multiple tree views only)
Identifiers help distinguish between multiple tree views. Save them in the Sortable's data property. The tree views below include the following identifiers: "driveC" and "driveD". -
Combine tree views into one drag and drop group (for drag and drop between multiple tree views only)
Set the Sortable's group property to the same value for all tree views. This allows users to move nodes between the tree views.
If you have technical questions, please create a support ticket in the DevExpress Support Center.


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Haskell in the Cloud
This page serves to discuss the architecture of Cloud and High Performance Computing (HPC) frameworks, possibly with an emphasis on the distributed execution and network model.
Relevant papers
- Towards Haskell in the Cloud, Jeff Epstein, Andrew Black, and Simon Peyton Jones, ICFP 2011
- Functional programming for the data centre, Jeff Epstein, MPhil thesis, 2011
- Implementing a High-level Distributed-Memory Parallel Haskell in Haskell, Patrick Maier and Phil Trinder, submitted to IFL 2011
- Architecture Aware Parallel Programming in Glasgow Parallel Haskell (GPH) M. KH. Aswad, P. W. Trinder, H. W. Loidl, Tech. Rep. 0086, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
Peter Braam's thoughts about HPC & Cloud Compute Frameworks
I want to describe here what is taking place in HPC and cloud computing, and how I think it could impact the architecture of the Haskell packages we are discussing.
In HPC the 90's saw the emergence of clusters for computing with a distributed memory model. MPI became the de-facto standard for this some 10 years later. Then multicore entered the game for which OpenMP became the software and communication "standard", and more recently GPGPU's (which have CUDA and OpenCL) and other accelerators (FPGA boards are seeing a revival). Moreover, other many core chips which have a NOC (network on chip) are becoming important. It is likely that these hybrid architectures which are sometimes even re-configurable will remain prominent for the next 10 years or so.
The HPC community is looking for a software platform to program these complex systems within one model - things like CUDA + OpenMP + MPI are way too complicated. The architecture of the system must be made a first class citizen in further considerations for that to succeed. The architecture should be some kind of data structure, influenced by the hardware industry, that describes the networks with their interfaces and topologies that connect nodes, and include the various kinds of memories present in the node, the CPU chips with cores and accelerators with their memories and NOC's. As an example of this interest, AMD is developing the so called FSA architecture that does this at least for a node. It provides very low level interfaces to the components for instruction / data / thread dispatch and scheduling. Elements of such architecture descriptions exist (e.g. LLNL "genders" and resources associated with schedulers), but nowhere close to what we need.
A second key element is the scheduler. Until recently, things like HPC or the Hadoop job schedulers started jobs. Now, much more needs to be scheduled, on different cores, on accelerator boards and so on. The scheduler is responsible to create running entities on the components of the architecture, importantly these running entities normally read input data from a distributed file system or database. Currently scheduling is another messy story - one thing starts processes on remote nodes, another element spawns threads, and yet other facilities deal with the accelerators.
The networks are increasingly complicated too. There are now facilities to send packets directly from CPU caches to Infiniband networks, and people are working to set up networking between the accelerators and the cluster network (often IB). Moreover, most of the architectures are NUMA now. There are API's (like CCI) that aim to unify these various transports as one. About MPI, one gets about 50% of the bandwidth that is available, it's not a good platform anymore (see http://gasnet.cs.berkeley.edu/ for comparison with a PGAS oriented transport - created for UPC, or see ETI's web pages about SWARM).
Unlike client server jobs and unlike user applications running a 3rd party network protocols, the cloud and HPC jobs would probably be well served with an SPMD like model even with these complex architectures. I think that in SPMD models much communication is the exchange of memory, with just one caveat that sending small messages is very costly. With that we can hide the network almost completely from the programmer, just like DPH hides the cores.
Combining DPH with (i) networking, (ii) a BSP (Bulk Synchronous Processing) mode (iii) and beginning to look at other dispatch after vectorizing in DPH (e.g. to Accelerate) - probably totally obvious ideas to you would provide the parallel programs the Architecture and Scheduler can run. Encapsulating network and node failures in some Monad should be possible, and would as mentioned be an important component, or hopefully a perpendicular extension. The OTP failure model is perfect for purely functional situations, but with state involved things like checkpoints and exactly once semantics make it more involved.
This is in some sense just elaborating what SPJ said at a CUFP 2011 breakfast last week. I think that getting rid of compiler flags and runtime hints and instead leverage a built in scheduler / architecture model would be a good first step.
Phil Trinder's thoughts about large scale architectures
Agree with Peter above that architectures are probably going to show through into the programming language. The trick is to make the architectures visible in a suitably abstract way.
We have started some work in this area where we use an abstract notion of communication distance to characterise the architecture. So a small unit of computation may only be commnicated a small distance. However, unlike Cloud Haskell, we don't specify *which* of the many locations at that communication distance the work is allocated to.
Some initial thoughts appear in the third paper above.
Other Sources of information
- [http://hackage.haskell.org/trac/ghc/wiki/ErlangInHaskell GHC trac page on Erlang in Haskell/Cloud Haskell


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Youth is a time of idealism and energy, except, perhaps, when it comes to voting in the midterm elections.
A new Harvard Institute of Politics poll finds that interest in voting in the November 2014 elections among 18- to 29-year-old voters is lower now than just several months ago — and even lower than it was at a similar point in 2010.
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Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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The longest winning streak — 10 games — in the Mariners' Cactus League history came to an end Wednesday when the Milwaukee Brewers roughed up Seattle starter Blake Beavan for six hits and three runs in three innings and went on to a 7-6 victory in Peoria. The Brewers, 83-79 and third in the NL Central last year, battered five Seattle pitchers for 15 hits, including three homers.
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The Mariners will play a split squad game Thursday. The other half of the club will travel to Phoenix to face the Oakland Athletics. RHP Brandon Maurer will start for Seattle.


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On June 14, 2014, Norman Fischer gave the Baccalaureate Address at the Stanford University Commencement. This is the prepared text for that address.
Good morning, everyone. I am honored to be here this morning with all of you. It is, literally, awesome to see – a sea, an actual sea, of waving faces. I have no idea why I am here, but I feel quite lucky to have the chance to reflect, to muse, to ponder with you at this important moment in your lives. A moment is a moment.
It is a long while since I have been a university student. I enjoyed that time in my life immensely. It was full and it was exiting, a time almost completely devoted to study and exploration of life's big questions, with a little fun thrown in, and powerful friendships, and, yes, a certain amount of misery and angst. College is a privilege, but it is not necessarily the easiest time of life. As with all other times of life – but perhaps even more so – there are highs and there are lows. I hope today you are feeling the high.
But time passes and you forget. These days when I go to university campuses, which I do from time to time, I feel as if I were in heaven. I imagine that heaven must be exactly like a university campus – everyone young and healthy, spending their time in social and intellectual pursuits, flowers in season, the trees well trimmed, the lawns manicured, the buildings more or less matching and clean. A university is by definition a place of promise – and students are promising individuals – you perhaps more than most because Stanford is more than just another university, it is a great and storied university that, these days, seems to be at the center of the universe. Because of what you have received – not only from Stanford, but also from your families and friends, who have given you a lot of love and support – you now have the skills and the connections – and the obligation – to do great things. And this means not only great things for yourselves: You are expected to do great things for others, and for the world. We all have high hopes for you, probably higher hopes than you have for yourselves. Let's be honest – as much as we discuss and practice wise punditry, we older people don't really know what the world will require in the coming times – and we are a bit bewildered, and unsure, though we hate to admit it. To grow old is to gradually cease to understand the times in which you live. So we are placing our trust and our hope in you. No pressure, of course. But the promise of the future really is yours.
And yet the truth is, it is not going to be so easy to survive your promising life. For one thing, there are a lot of promising young people out there – not only here at Stanford, or here in California, here in the United States, but also in Europe, in China, in Latin America, all over Asia, and in India, and Africa – some of you in factarethose people – bright, energetic, and mobile. With so much competition, and so much anxiety about that competition, it is possible that success, if it comes, will not come easily. It is also of course possible that success will not come – or that it will come, abundantly, but that you will not find it as meaningful as you had expected. It is also possible that success comes, and you do find it meaningful and satisfying – but only at first, when it is still bright and shiny. And that later, the state and pace and social implications of the successful and ambitious life you will have lived will wear you down, and you'll find yourself tired and bewildered.
It's also possible that as time stretches on your personal relationships will not work out as you had hoped, your sense of yourself will not hold up to scrutiny, that there will be disappointments and setbacks, acknowledged and unacknowledged – in short, it is possible, even likely, that there is some pain awaiting you as you go forth from this bright day – ruptured love affairs, betrayals, losses, disillusionments – seriously shaky moments. It's possible too that, as you move through the decades, it will become increasingly difficult for you to maintain the idealism and the hopefulness you have today. It's possible that one day you will find yourself wondering what you have been doing all these years, and who you have become. It's possible the life you wanted and have built will not be as you'd expected it to be. It's possible that the world you wanted and hoped to improve will not improve.
Anyway, you will keep busy, you will have things to do. And you will try not to notice such feelings. You will try to deny any despair or disappointment or discouragement or boredom you may be feeling two, five, ten, fifteen, or twenty years from today. And probably you will be able – more or less – to do that. But only more or less.
I am sorry to say all these things to you on such a wonderful day and in such a beautiful place as this.
I realize that baccalaureate speeches are supposed to be bright, uplifting, and encouraging. The folks at Stanford who invited me to speak today sent me links to previous baccalaureate talks so I would know how they usually go. The speeches I looked at were wonderful – they were serious about challenges ahead – but they were always positive. So, yes, I too intend to say something bright and encouraging. But I thought I would be more convincing if I were also realistic. And it is realistic to say that your lives from now on are likely not going to be entirely smooth sailing. The skills you'll need to survive may be more than or other than the skills you have been focusing on so far in your life. The truth is, it takes a great deal of fortitude and moral strength to sustain a worthwhile, happy, and virtuous human life over time in the world as it actually is.
OK, here is the uplifting part:
Your life isn't and has never been about you. It isn't and has never been about what you accomplish, how successful you are or are not, how much money you make, what sort of position you ascend to, or even about your family, your associations, your various communities, or how much good you do for others or the world at large. Your life, like mine, and like everyone else's, has always been about one thing: love.
Who are you, really? Where did you come from? Why were you born? When this short human journey is over, where are you going? Why – and how – does any of this exist? What is the purpose and the point of it all?
Not even your Nobel Prize-winning professors know the answers to these questions, the inevitable, unavoidable, human questions. None of us knows the answers. All we know is that we are here for a while before we are gone, and that we are here together. The only thing that makes sense and that is completely real is love. Love is the only answer. This is no mystery – everyone knows this. Whether your destiny is to have a large loving family or to have no partner and no family – love is available to you wherever you look. And when you dedicate yourself to love, to trying your best to be kind and to benefit everyone you meet – not just the people on your side, not just the people you like and approve of, but everyone, every human and nonhuman being – then you will be OK and your life – whatever it brings, even if it brings a lot of difficulty and tragedy – as so many lives do – as even the lives of very privileged and promising people sometimes do – your life will be a beautiful life. As I promised, this is uplifting – or at least I hope you find it uplifting.
But there's more.Howdo you love?Howdo you make love real in your life? This doesn't happen by itself. It takes attention, it takes commitment, continuity, effort. It won't come automatically, it won't come from wishing or from believing or assuming. You are going to have to figure out how to not get distracted by your personal problems, by your success or your lack of success, by your needs, your desires, your suffering, your various interests, and keep your eye on the ball of love even as, inevitably, you juggle all the rest of it.
To find and develop love you have to firmly commit yourself to love. And you have to have a way, a path, a practice, for cultivating love throughout your lifetime, come what may. Love isn't a just feeling. It is an overarching attitude and spirit. It's a way of life. It's a daily activity.
In my life I have cultivated love through a path of spiritual practice, a life of meditation and study and reflection. I think you also will need a path of spiritual practice. You also will need some kind of religious life if you are going to survive this difficult human journey with your heart intact and your love generous and bright.
A spiritual or a religious life doesn't need to look like what we have so far thought of as a spiritual life. The world now is too various and connected for the old paths to work. Not that the old paths are outmoded – they are as useful today as they ever were, perhaps more so. But they need to be re-formatted, re-configured, for our lives as they are now. And above all, they need to be open and tolerant, transparent and porous rather than opaque, and expansive rather than exclusive. A spiritual life can and should be much more lively and various and interesting than we have previously imagined. To investigate at the deepest possible level the human heart and the purposes of a human life that is essentially connected at all points to and with others and the planet Earth can be – and should be, maybemustbe – deeply engaging and satisfying. There are a million ways to approach it. But the main thing is, I think, that you need some commitment, some discipline – and you need a regular practice, something you actually do.
The most important characteristic – the defining characteristic, I would say – of a spiritual practice is that it is useless. That is, it is an activity that has no other practical purpose than to connect you to your heart and to your highest and most mysterious purpose – a purpose that is literally unknown, because it references the unanswerable questions I mentioned a moment ago. We do so many things for so many good reasons – for our physical or psychological or emotional health, for our family life or economic life, for the world. But a spiritual practice is useless – it doesn't address any of those concerns. It is a practice that we do to touch our lives beyond all concerns – reaching beyond our lives to their source.
For me that practice is and has been for a long time sitting in silence. That's a good one; maybe it will also be good for you. I certainly recommend it to everyone – regardless of your religious affiliation or lack of one. But there are many others. Prayer, for one. Whether or not you believe in God you can pray. You can contemplate spiritual texts or art, poetry, or sacred music. You can walk quietly on the Earth. You can gaze at the landscape or the sea or sky. And there are many other such useless practices you can devise or invent.
You could practice gratitude – when you wake up every morning, as soon as you put your feet on the floor from bed, sitting on the side of the bed you can close your eyes, be quiet for a minute, and say the word "grateful" to yourself silently, and just sit there for a moment or two and see what happens. You could practice that right now…
Or you could practice giving – always making the effort to intentionally say a word or offer a smile or material or emotional gifts that confer blessings on another person.
Or you could practice kind speech – on all occasions, even difficult ones, committing yourself to speaking as much as you can in kindness and with inclusion of others and their needs, their hopes and dreams. Not just speaking from your own side.
Or you could practice beneficial action, committing yourself to intentionally acting with a spirit of benefiting others, of being of some use to others, in whatever way you can, even stupid ways that seem not to be useful or beneficial but could be if you intend them to be. For instance, you can practice benefiting others by wiping sink counters in public restrooms, or in your own kitchen. Wiping counters with a spirit of beneficial action – with that thought in your mind intentionally – can be a daily spiritual discipline. Or you can cook a meal with love for others, with a spirit of benefiting others. Even if the meal is for yourself, you can benefit yourself with the good food, that you paid close attention to when you prepared it, because one's self, truly and kindly understood, is also another.
Or you could practice identity action – recognizing that when you do anything, whatever it is, you are not, and cannot, do it alone, by your own power. Inevitably whatever you do involves others and the whole world, this Earth we live on, its life-giving sunlight and plants and animals. So that every action we ever take involves others and a world of support. You could notice that whenever you do anything.
Or you could practice compassion – going toward, rather than turning away from, the suffering of others – and your own suffering too. We all want to avoid pain, to make it disappear. But when it's impossible to make the pain disappear you can go toward it rather than running away – you can become softened by it.
I could go on and on. Spiritual practices are unlimited – and they are imaginative. And – especially – full of love. They come from love, they encourage love, and they produce love. When you do them over time you find that you are living in a world full of love. And for your life and for our lives collectively in the times to come we are going to need love – lots of love. In good times, love is lovely. Nothing can be better. And in hard times, love is necessary. It turns tragedy into opportunity – something difficult and unwanted becomes a chance to drive love deeper, to make it wiser, fuller, more glorious, and more resilient.
A while ago my friend Fenton Johnson, who is a wonderful novelist and writer and professor of literature, and a lifelong spiritual practitioner – and who is sitting in the audience today! – sent me an email about this talk. He wrote, "If I were giving such an address I'd talk about the mystery of life, how one can and should lay great plans, but how life has its own ebb and flow, and our first duty is to be present to that ebb and flow, to realize that failure and success are social conceptions that can be useful but that in their conventional definitions have little to do with what really matters, which is the study and practice of virtue." As Timothy Kelly, who was abbot of Gethsemani Monastery, Thomas Merton's monastery in Kentucky, said, "How one lives one's life is the only true measure of the validity of one's search."
The Beat poet Philip Whalen was my dear friend and teacher. Like me, he was also a Zen Buddhist priest. As a poet and a spiritual practitioner, he couldn't do anything other than search. His genius was that he could express the seriousness of his search while maintaining not only his sense of humor and play – but also a clear and sane knowledge that the whole thing is actually as ridiculous as it is tragic. Here is a poem of his, written in the 1960s:
This world is not
The world I want
Is Heaven
& I see
There's more of them
I've seen most of this world is ocean
I know if I had all I wanted from it
There'd still not be enough
Someone would be lonely hungry toothache
All this world with a red ribbon on it
Not enough
Nor several hells heavens planets
Universal non-skid perfection systems
Where's my eternity papers?
Get me the great Boyg on the phone.
Connect me with the Button Moulder right away.
So please do seriously think about it – but not without some joy and some lightness. Today you are closing the door on one life and opening the door to another. Today you fall out of heaven. Where will you land? What will you do there? What is really worthwhile and what is just distraction – however much people tell you it is not? You are the only one who can ask and answer these questions.
So I am saluting you this morning – you and the wonderful life of promise you have lived up to this moment, and the new life of challenge and difficulty and passion that you are entering. Cheers and congratulations.


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This is how it goes ...
Shipping is calculated at checkout- These rates cover main metro deliveries, due to increased shipping rates for all regional and rural delivery there may be additional fees or an option to ship to the nearest depot for collection.
- All orders within Australia will be shipped via Allied Express, Toll Ipec, TNT or Australia Post to most Metropolitan areas. We may use other courier services if needed.
- Orders are processed fast, most within 24 - 72 hours providing items are in stock.
- Deliveries are sent during normal business hours, Monday to Friday and can take between 2 and 10 days to receive, pending on location.
- Purchases made on weekends and public holidays will be processed on the next business day
- Delivery details will be emailed to you, If you are not home to accept your order, a card will be left advising next steps for re-delivery, or in some case the nearest collection point for you to collect. There may be additional charges involved for redeliveries. Freight not collected from the collection point or redeliveries arranged within 7 days will be returned to our warehouse. Shipping fees will have to be paid again for redeliveries. If you opt for an authority to leave please note that once the freight has been delivered, the courier or Fire Pits Direct cannot be held responsible if the freight goes missing from your property. Please include delivery instructions on your order or email firstname.lastname@example.com as soon as possible.
- Couriers will deliver your freight to the nearest access point to your property, that is front door or garage/ carport and due to OH&S and insurances the couriers are not permitted to move your freight around your property. All palleted freight or heavy freight will be wheeled in on a pallet jack or trolley and cannot be carried up any stairs. If you require additional white-glove/ specialised delivery services please email email@example.com.
If you require additional delivery services, ie, white glove, two man lift, freight moved to the rear of the property etc please email for a specific quote.
Due to the limited access of our carriers, there are certain postcodes that we are unable to deliver to or are remote locations and may attract an additional fee. Please refer to this list.
- Important Delivery Information
- It is important to note that the estimated delivery date provided can change due to unforeseen circumstances, like breakdowns, traffic, time constraints or time critical freight getting preference. If you cannot afford to wait for delivery it is highly recommended that you opt for a tail lift service option and provide an authority to leave instruction.
- Providing delivery windows and calling ahead prior to delivery is not a service that the couriers offer, there are just too many variables that can change during the day.
- If the product you have ordered is out of stock we will provide a lead time for when we expect new stock to arrive or refund you.
Transit Warranty & Damaged Freight
- All our products are shipped with transit warranty, below is a guideline of steps to take to ensure successful transit warranty claim.
- In order to assist our assessment of claims for damages, and in an effort to improve the processing we require the following:
- if any damage has been incurred in transit, then the Proof of Delivery docket, must be marked as DAMAGED GOODS prior to signing.
- Consignments where inspection prior to signing off to the driver is not possible, must be marked as STI (Subject to Inspection), and the matter must be reported to Fire Pits Direct within 24hours of delivery.
- Keep the goods in question in case we need to inspect and/or salvage.
- Evidence of damage of goods, ie. Photo's
- Evidence of damage of packaging internally and externally, ie. Photo's
- Please email the above evidence to email@example.com within 24 hours
- If you select Authority to Leave (ATL) options, once delivery has been made we cannot be held responsible for the product going missing from your property and we are unable to submit any warranty claims.
Simple and Easy…
- All purchases from www.firepitsdirect.com.au are backed by our 30 Day Money Back Guarantee
- If your ordered item/s proves to be unsuitable for any reason, you can take advantage of our no questions asked returns policy. No worries!
- You are also welcome to return your item via Australia Post, or suitable courier at your expense. If you select this option, you will need a return authorisation number, which is easily obtained by emailing us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Terms & Conditions:
- Simply return the unopened product in the original packaging within the 30 Day Money Back Guarantee period
- In the case that the item has been opened but is still in original condition, store credit to the value of that item may be issued in lieu of a refund, to be determined on a case by case basis.
- The 30 day guarantee period will commence from the date you receive the product
- If there is no receipt of delivery, the date shall be assumed to be 3 business days from the date of dispatch
- Understandably, delivery charges cannot be refunded
- For change of mind there may be a restocking fee charged
Faulty Items
We will do everything possible to make you a happy customer ...
- Fire Pits Direct is committed to honouring its obligations at law and providing you with an appropriate remedy
- Our goods come with guarantees that cannot be excluded under the Australian Consumer Law
- You are entitled to a replacement, repair or refund for a major failure and compensation for any other reasonably foreseeable loss or damage
- You are also entitled to have the goods replaced if the goods fail to be of acceptable quality and the failure does not amount to a major failure, goods must be the original packaging and be unused.


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Mr. President, I appreciate the broad bipartisan support given to Senate Concurrent Resolution 7, and the prompt action by the Committee on Foreign Relations, allowing for timely consideration of this resolution by the full Senate. Anti-Semitism is an evil that has bedeviled previous generations, formed a black spot on human history, and remains a problem to this day. As Co-Chairman of the Helsinki Commission, I have been particularly concerned over the disturbing rise in anti-Semitism and related violence in many participating States of the 55-nation Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, OSCE, including the United States.
The anti-Semitic violence we witnessed in 2002, which stretched the breadth of the OSCE region, is a wake-up call that this evil still lives today, often coupled with a resurgence of aggressive nationalism and an increase in neo-Nazi "skin head" activity. Together with colleagues on the Helsinki Commission, we have diligently urged the leaders of OSCE participating States to confront and combat the plague of anti-Semitism. Through concerted efforts by the State Department and the U.S. Mission to the OSCE, a conference focused on anti-Semitism–called for in the pending resolution–will be convened in Vienna, Austria, June 19-20.
Meanwhile, the Helsinki Commission has undertaken a number of initiatives aimed at further elevating the attention given to rising anti-Semitism. In the year since the Commission's hearing on this issue, Commissioners have pursued it within the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly as well as in contacts with officials from countries of particular concern. I would point to France as a country that has recognized the problem and acted to confront anti-Semitism and related violence with tougher laws and more vigorous law enforcement. I urge French officials to remain vigilant, while recognizing that none of our countries is immune.
A recent opinion survey of adults in five European countries conducted by the Anti-Defamation League, ADL, found that 21 percent harbor "strong anti-Semitic views." At the same time, the survey revealed that 61 percent of the individuals polled stated they are "very concerned" or "fairly concerned" about violence directed against European Jews. An ADL national poll of 1000 American adults found that 17 percent of Americans holds views about Jews that are "unquestionably anti-Semitic," an increase of 5 percent from the previous survey conducted four years earlier. According to ADL there were 1,559 reported anti-Semitic incidents in the U.S. in 2002, with attacks on campuses rising by 24 percent over the previous year.
Mr. President, if anti-Semitism is ignored and allowed to fester and grow, our societies and civilization will suffer. A particularly disturbing element we have observed is the growth of anti-Semitic acts and attitudes among young people ranging from a rise in incidents on U.S. college campuses to violent attacks perpetrated on Jews by young members of immigrant communities in Western Europe. Education is essential to reversing the rise in anti-Semitism. Our young people must be taught about the Holocaust and other acts of genocide. Institutions such as the Holocaust Memorial Museum are making valuable contributions to promote the sharing of this experience at home and abroad. Such activity should have our strong support as a vital tool in confronting and combating anti-Semitism.
Mr. President, passage of the Senate Concurrent Resolution 7 will put the United States Senate on record and send an unequivocal message that anti-Semitism must be confronted, and it must be confronted now.
Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent the concurrent resolution be agreed to, the preamble be agreed to, and the motion to reconsider be laid upon the table, with no intervening action or debate.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.
The concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 7) was agreed to.
The preamble was agreed to.
The concurrent resolution, with its preamble, reads as follows:
Whereas the expressions of anti-Semitism experienced throughout the region encompassing the participating States of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) have included physical assaults, with some instances involving weapons or stones, arson of synagogues, and desecration of Jewish cultural sites, such as cemeteries and statues;
Whereas vicious propaganda and violence in many OSCE States against Jews, foreigners, and others portrayed as alien have reached alarming levels, in part due to the dangerous promotion of aggressive nationalism by political figures and others;
Whereas violence and other manifestations of xenophobia and discrimination can never be justified by political issues or international developments;
Whereas the Copenhagen Concluding Document adopted by the OSCE in 1990 was the first international agreement to condemn anti-Semitic acts, and the OSCE participating States pledged to "clearly and unequivocally condemn totalitarianism, racial and ethnic hatred, anti-Semitism, xenophobia, and discrimination against anyone as well as persecution on religious and ideological grounds";
Whereas the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly at its meeting in Berlin in July 2002, unanimously adopted a resolution that, among other things, called upon participating States to ensure aggressive law enforcement by local and national authorities, including thorough investigation of anti-Semitic criminal acts, apprehension of perpetrators, initiation of appropriate criminal prosecutions, and judicial proceedings;
Whereas Decision No. 6 adopted by the OSCE Ministerial Council at its Tenth Meeting held in Porto, Portugal in December 2002 (the "Porto Ministerial Declaration") condemned "the recent increase in anti-Semitic incidents in the OSCE area, recognizing the role that the existence of anti-Semitism has played throughout history as a major threat to freedom";
Whereas the Porto Ministerial Declaration also urged "the convening of separately designated human dimension events on issues addressed in this decision, including on the topics of anti-Semitism, discrimination and racism, and xenophobia"; and
Whereas on December 10, 2002, at the Washington Parliamentary Forum on Confronting and Combating anti-Semitism in the OSCE Region, representatives of the United States Congress and the German Parliament agreed to denounce all forms of anti-Semitism and agreed that "anti-Semitic bigotry must have no place in our democratic societies": Now, therefore, be it
Resolved by the Senate (the House of Representatives concurring), That it is the sense of Congress that–
(1) officials of the executive branch and Members of Congress should raise the issue of anti-Semitism in their bilateral contacts with other countries and at multilateral fora, including meetings of the Permanent Council of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the Twelfth Annual Session of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly to be convened in July 2003;
(2) participating States of the OSCE should unequivocally condemn anti-Semitism (including violence against Jews and Jewish cultural sites), racial and ethnic hatred, xenophobia, and discrimination, as well as persecution on religious grounds whenever it occurs;
(3) participating States of the OSCE should ensure effective law enforcement by local and national authorities to prevent and counter criminal acts stemming from anti-Semitism, xenophobia, or racial or ethnic hatred, whether directed at individuals, communities, or property, including maintaining mechanisms for the thorough investigation and prosecution of such acts;
(4) participating States of the OSCE should promote the creation of educational efforts throughout the region encompassing the participating States of the OSCE to counter anti-Semitic stereotypes and attitudes among younger people, increase Holocaust awareness programs, and help identify the necessary resources to accomplish this goal;
(5) legislators in all OSCE participating States should play a leading role in combating anti-Semitism and ensure that the resolution adopted at the 2002 meeting of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly in Berlin is followed up by a series of concrete actions at the national level; and
(6) the OSCE should organize a separately designated human dimension event on anti-Semitism as early as possible in 2003, consistent with the Porto Ministerial Declaration adopted by the OSCE at the Tenth Meeting of the OSCE Ministerial Council in December 2002.


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More converts.
(AP) Four Southern California men have been charged with plotting to kill Americans and destroy U.S. targets overseas by joining Al Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan, federal officials said Monday.
The defendants, including a man who served in the U.S. Air Force, were arrested for plotting to bomb military bases and government facilities, and for planning to engage in "violent jihad," FBI spokeswoman Laura Eimiller said in a release.
A federal complaint unsealed Monday says 34-year-old Sohiel Omar Kabir of Pomona introduced two of the other men to the radical Islamist doctrine of Anwar al-Awlaki, a deceased Al Qaeda leader. Kabir served in the Air Force from 2000 to 2001.
The other two -- 23-year-old Ralph Deleon of Ontario and 21-year-old Miguel Alejandro Santana Vidriales of Upland -- converted to Islam in 2010 and began engaging with Kabir and others online in discussions about jihad, including posting radical content to Facebook and expressing extremist views in comments.
They later recruited 21-year-old Arifeen David Gojali of Riverside.
Authorities allege that in Skype calls from Afghanistan, Kabir told the trio he would arrange their meetings with terrorists. Kabir added the would-be jihadists could sleep in mosques or the homes of fellow jihadists once they arrived in Afghanistan.
The trio made plans to depart in mid-November to carry out plots in Afghanistan, primarily, and Yemen, after they sold off belongings to scrape together enough cash to buy plane tickets and made passport arrangements.
In one online conversation, Santana told an FBI undercover agent that he wanted to commit jihad and expressed interest in a jihadist training camp in Jalalabad, Afghanistan.
The complaint also alleges the men went to a shooting range several times, including a Sept. 10 trip in which Deleon told a confidential FBI source that he wanted to be on the front lines overseas and use C-4, an explosive, in an attack. Santana agreed.
"I wanna do C-4s if I could put one of these trucks right here with my, with that. Just drive into, like, the baddest military base," Santana said, according to the complaint.
Santana added he wanted to use a large quantity of the explosive. "If I'm gonna do that, I'm gonna take out a whole base. Might as well make it, like, big, ya know," he said.
According to the complaint, at the shooting range that day both Santana and Deleon told a confidential FBI source they were excited about the rewards from becoming a shaheed, which is Arabic for martyr.
Ten days later, during another trip to the shooting range to fire assault-style rifles, Santana told the source he had been around gangs and had no problem taking a life.
On Sept. 30, Gojali was recruited to the plot after he was asked if he had it in him to kill in jihad. Gojali answered, "Yeah, of course."
"I watch videos on the Internet, and I see what they are doing to our brothers and sisters. ... It makes me cry, and it gets like I'm, like, so angered with them," Gojali said, according to the complaint.
The men wiped their Facebook pages of radical Islamist content and photos of themselves in traditional Muslim attire, and devised a cover story that they were going to Afghanistan to attend Kabir's wedding.
Federal authorities said the trio and the FBI's confidential source bought airplane tickets last week for a Sunday flight from Mexico City to Istanbul, with plans to later continue to Kabul.
After Kabir began talking to him about Islam, Santana said he "accepted Islam without knowing anything about it besides it being the truth" and that he believed the religion would help him "fit in and actually be able to fight for something that's right," according to the complaint.
If convicted, each defendant faces a maximum of 15 years in federal prison.
Kabir is being detained in Afghanistan. The other three appeared for a detention hearing Monday in Riverside, and all but Gojali were remanded to federal custody with no bail. His detention hearing was delayed.
After-hours calls left for the men's attorneys were not immediately returned Monday.
A preliminary hearing is slated for Dec. 3, and an arraignment is set for Dec. 5.
Kabir is a naturalized U.S. citizen who was born in Afghanistan. Santana was born in Mexico, while Deleon was born in the Philippines. Both are lawful, permanent U.S. residents. Gojali is a U.S. citizen.


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8* Count Dance is dedicated to providing dance & tumbling instruction in a positive learning environment that will encourage creativity and self esteem. Each student will not only learn dance/tumbling technique, but valuable lessons that they can carry with them throughout life.
With our teaching experience, we are devoted to inspire, encourage, and support every student as they learn about dance/tumbling. We strive to have fun and watch every student grow with confidence and dedication. 8*Count Dance's vision in each class is for every student to appreciate and be as passionate, as we are all about DANCE and TUMBLING!


text: Jack Williams is TU's Senior Scientist and oversees TU's science programs. Jack has worked for the Endangered Species Program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, fisheries program manager for the BLM, science advisor to the director of BLM, and forest supervisor for the U.S. Forest Service. He has a Ph.D. in fisheries science from Oregon State University and has been with TU since 2005. Matt Barney is a programmer doing custom software development, database design, and server support for TU's Science Team in Boise, Idaho. He also develops software solutions for TU's Angler Science projects across the country. Matt holds a BS in computer science from the University of Idaho and has been with TU since 2008. Sabrina Beus oversees the management of the Boise office, including budget and report tracking, document publishing and graphics. She also coordinates Trout in the Classroom for schools across southwestern Idaho. Sabrina has an associates degree in civil engineering technology from Idaho State University and has been with TU since 2008. Dan Dauwalter is a fisheries scientist working on landscape- scale planning efforts and the design of restoration projects, particularly as they relate to climate change mitigation. Dan has a Ph.D. in fisheries science from Oklahoma State University and has been with TU since 2008. Kurt Fesenmyer is a conservation planner and works on a variety of applications, particularly related to anadromous species and fine-scale assessments. Kurt has master's degrees in forestry and environmental management from Duke University. He has been with TU since 2008. Rene Henery is the California science director and also holds the position of assistant research professor at the University of Nevada-Reno. Rene works at applying cutting-edge science to the conservation of California's aquatic systems and imperiled fishes. He has a Ph.D. from the University of California-Davis. Matt Mayfield is a GIS analyst responsible for providing GIS support to many of TU's conservation programs as well as development of customized web-mapping applications. He has a BS in geography from Appalachian State University and has been with TU since 2008. Helen Neville is a geneticist and works on the development and application of genetics tools to the conservation of native trout. She has a Ph.D. in genetics from the University of Nevada-Reno and has been with TU since 2006. Shawn Rummel is an ecologist working in conjunction with TU's Eastern Abandoned Mine Program and the Science Team. His work focuses on eastern brook trout conservation issues and the restoration of coldwater systems from abandoned mine drainage. Shawn has a Ph.D. in ecology from the Pennsylvania State University. Adjunct Team Members. The Science Team frequently supplements its expertise with TU staff from other program areas. Warren Colyer, Joe McGurrin and Cathy Purves are among the staff that regularly collaborate with the Science Team.