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Conditions of Carriage
As you read these conditions, please note that:
"WE", "OUR" "OURSELVES" and "US" means Air Seychelles Limited.
"YOU", "YOUR" and "YOURSELF" means any person (whether adult, child or infant), except members of the crew, carried or to be carried in an aircraft pursuant to a Ticket. (See also definition of "Passenger").
"AGREED STOPPING PLACES" means those places, except the place of departure and the place of destination, set out in the Ticket or shown in our timetables as scheduled stopping places on your route.
"AIRLINE DESIGNATOR CODE" means the two or three characters or letters which identify particular air carriers.
"AUTHORISED AGENT" means a passenger sales agent (which can include another carrier) who has been validly appointed by us to represent us in the sale of carriage by air on our services.
"BAGGAGE" means your personal property accompanying you in connection with your carriage. Unless otherwise specified, it consists of both your Checked and Unchecked Baggage.
"BAGGAGE CHECK" means those portions of the Ticket which relate to the carriage of your Checked Baggage.
"BAGGAGE IDENTIFICATION TAG" means a document issued to you solely for identification of your Checked Baggage.
"CARRIER" means an air carrier other than ourselves, whose airline designator code appears on your Ticket or on a Conjunction Ticket.
"CHECKED BAGGAGE" means Baggage of which we take custody for carriage in the aircraft hold, and for which we have issued a Baggage Check or Baggage Identification Tag.
"CHECK-IN DEADLINE" means the time limit specified by us by which you must have completed check-in formalities and received your boarding pass.
"CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT" means those statements contained in or delivered with your Ticket or e-Ticket Receipt/Itinerary, identified as such and which incorporate, by reference, these Conditions of Carriage .
"CONJUNCTION TICKET" means a Ticket issued to you by us or our Authorized Agent in conjunction with another Ticket which together constitute a single contract of carriage.
"CONVENTION" means whichever of the following instruments is or are applicable:
- the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, signed at Warsaw, 12 October 1929 (hereinafter referred to as the Warsaw Convention);
- the Warsaw Convention as amended at The Hague on 28 September 1955;
- the Warsaw Convention as amended by Additional Protocol No. 1 of Montreal (1975):
- the Warsaw Convention as amended at The Hague and by Additional Protocol No. 2 of Montreal (1975);
- the Warsaw Convention as amended at The Hague and by Additional Protocol No. 4 of Montreal (1975);
- the Guadalajara Supplementary Convention (1961);
- the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, signed at Montreal, 28 May 1999 (referred to as the Montreal Convention)
"COUPON" means a paper document marked "Flight Coupon" or "Passenger Coupon" issued by us or our Authorized Agent as part of your Ticket.
"DAMAGE" means death, or bodily injury to a Passenger, caused by an accident on board an aircraft or in the course of any of the operations of embarking or disembarking. It also means damage sustained in the event of the destruction or the total or partial loss of or damage to Baggage which occurs during carriage by air or during any period within which the baggage is the charge of the carrier. Additionally, it means damage occasioned by delay in the carriage by air of Passengers or Baggage.
"DAYS" mean calendar days, including all seven days of the week; provided that, for the purpose of notification, the day upon which notice is dispatched shall not be counted; and provided further that for purposes of determining duration of validity of a Ticket, the day upon which the Ticket is issued, or the first flight commenced shall not be counted.
"ELECTRONIC TICKET" means the electronic entries within our reservations database recording the carriage you have booked for which we or our Authorized Agent have issued an e-Ticket Receipt/Itinerary.
"e-TICKET RECEIPT/ITINERARY" means a receipt marked as such or marked
"Passenger Receipt/Itinerary" or "Itinerary/Receipt" validly issued by us or our Authorized Agent and delivered to you by email, by fax, by hand, by mail, or by courier.
"FLIGHT COUPON" means a paper document, marked as such, validly issued by our Authorized Agent as part of your Ticket showing the places of departure and destination between which you are entitled to be carried or, alternatively, an electronic entry within our reservations database recording your booking for carriage on a particular flight.
"FORCE MAJEURE" means unusual and unforeseeable circumstances beyond your control, the consequences of which could not have been avoided even if reasonable care had been exercised.
"PASSENGER" means any person (whether adult, child or infant), except members of the crew, carried or to be carried in an aircraft pursuant to a Ticket. (See also definition of "you", "your" and "yourself").
"PASSENGER COUPON" or "PASSENGER RECEIPT" mean a document marked as such issued by us or our Authorized Agent as part of your Ticket.
"SPECIAL DRAWING RIGHTS" means the international unit of account, defined by the International Monetary Fund, based upon the values of several leading currencies. The currency values of the Special Drawing Right fluctuate and are re-calculated each banking day. These values are known to most commercial bankers and are reported regularly in leading financial journals.
"STOPOVER" means a scheduled stop on your journey for 24 hours or more at a point between the first place of departure and the last place of destination.
"TARIFFS" means our published fares, charges and/or related conditions of carriage filed, where required, with the appropriate authorities.
"TICKET" means either a paper document marked "Passenger Ticket and Baggage Check" issued by us or our Authorized Agent with all accompanying Coupons or, alternatively, an Electronic Ticket.
"UNCHECKED BAGGAGE" means your Baggage other than Checked Baggage carried by you onboard the aircraft.
Except as otherwise provided in Articles 2.2 and 2.4, our Conditions of Carriage apply to all flights or flight segments operated by us where our Airline Designator Code appears in the "Carrier" box of your Ticket or in respect of which we have a legal liability to you.
If carriage is performed pursuant to a charter agreement, these Conditions of Carriage apply only to the extent Air Seychelles are incorporated, by reference or otherwise, in the charter agreement or the Ticket.
On some services we may have arrangements with other carriers known as "Code Shares". This means that even if you have a reservation with us and hold a ticket where our name or airline designator code is indicated as the carrier, another carrier may operate the aircraft. If such arrangements exist, their Conditions of Contract will apply and we will advise you of the name of the carrier operating the aircraft at the time you make a reservation (or if you make your reservation with our Authorized Agent, we will endeavor to ensure that the Authorized Agent gives you that information). In the event of a tarmac delay at a U.S. airport, the operating carrier's tarmac delay contingency plan governs.
These Conditions of Carriage are applicable unless they are inconsistent with our Tariffs or applicable law in which event such Tariffs or laws shall prevail. If any provision of these Conditions of Carriage is invalid under any applicable law or where our Tariffs prevail, the other provisions shall nevertheless remain valid.
Except as provided in these Conditions of Carriage, in the event of inconsistency between these Conditions of Carriage and any other regulations we may have, dealing with particular subjects, these Conditions of Carriage shall prevail. If part of one of our regulations becomes invalid in this way, the other parts of our regulations will still apply.
3.1.1 We will provide carriage only to persons who possess, and are named in a valid Ticket (which includes the Flight Coupon for that flight, unused Flight Coupons for subsequent flights recorded in the Ticket, and the Passenger Coupon), provided that you produce appropriate identification, where required by us or our Authorized Agents or agents. We reserve the right to refuse carriage to, and to retain the ticket of any person who has acquired a ticket in violation of applicable law or our tariffs, conditions, rules or regulations, or to any person presenting a ticket without being able to prove that he or she is the person named as passenger in the ticket.
3.1.2 A Ticket is not transferable, save that if your Ticket has been provided to you by a third party as part of a package holiday to which European Council Directive 90/314 of 13 June 1990 on Package Travel and Package Tours (as specified in local law) applies, you may be permitted to transfer your booking to another person if you are prevented due to Force Majeure from proceeding with the package. Where such a transfer is permitted by applicable law, we or our Authorized Agent will, at your request, replace your Ticket by issuing a new Ticket to another person, but only if you have satisfied all applicable legal requirements. If you are in doubt whether your Ticket forms part of a package to which the above Directive applies, you should ask for advice from the person who sold you the Ticket.
3.1.3 Some Tickets are sold at discounted fares which may be partially or completely non-refundable. If you are in doubt whether your Ticket is non – refundable you should ask for advice from the person who sold you the Ticket. You should choose the fare best suited to your needs. You may also wish to ensure that you have appropriate insurance to cover instances where you have to cancel your Ticket.
3.1.4 If you have a Ticket which is completely unused, and you are prevented from traveling due to Force Majeure, provided that you promptly advise us and furnish evidence such Force Majeure, we will provide you with a credit of any non-refundable amount of the fare, for future travel on us, subject to deduction of a reasonable administration fee. That credit will be valid for use by you for purchase of a Ticket for yourself or another person within 12 months after the credit is issued.
3.1.5 The Ticket is and remains at all times our property.
3.1.6 You shall not be entitled to be carried if the paper Ticket or part of it presented is mutilated, damaged, defaced or if it has been altered otherwise than by us or an Authorized Agent. In the case of an Electronic Ticket, you shall not be entitled to be carried on a flight unless you provide positive identification (for example your valid passport, which must bear the serial number that matches the number specified in the e-Ticket Receipt/Itinerary).
3.1.7 Where you have an Electronic Ticket, it is advisable that you bring the e-Ticket Receipt/Itinerary with you to the airport as you may be asked to present this to us and/or to airport immigration and security personnel or other relevant authorities.
3.1.8 For the purposes of the Convention, an e-Ticket Receipt/Itinerary is deemed to serve as a passenger ticket and baggage check/document of carriage.
3.1.9 In case of loss, damage, defacing or mutilation of a Ticket (or part of it) by you or non-presentation of a paper Ticket containing the Passenger Coupon and all unused Flight Coupons, upon your request we may replace such Ticket (or part of it) by issuing a new Ticket, provided there is evidence, readily ascertainable at the time, that a Ticket valid for the flight(s) in question was duly issued and you sign an agreement to reimburse us for any costs and losses, up to the value of the original ticket, which are necessarily and reasonably incurred by us or another carrier for misuse of the Ticket. We will not claim reimbursement from you for any such losses which result from our own negligence. We shall charge a reasonable administration fee for this service, unless the loss, damage, defacing or mutilation was due to our negligence or that of our agent.
3.1.10 Where as provided in Paragraph 3.1.9 above satisfactory evidence is not available or you do not sign such an agreement, we may require you to pay up to the full Ticket price for a replacement Ticket, subject to refund if you later find the original Ticket and present that original to us unused or if and when we are satisfied that the lost, damaged, defaced or mutilated Ticket has not been used before the expiry of its validity.
3.1.11 A ticket is valuable so you should take appropriate measure to safeguard it and ensure that it is not lost, stolen, damaged or defaced. Similarly, e-ticket Receipt/Itinerary should be kept safely so that it is not lost, stolen, damaged or defaced.
3.2.1 Except as otherwise provided in the Ticket, in these Conditions, or in applicable Tariffs (which may limit the validity of a ticket, in which case the limitation will be shown on the Ticket), a Ticket is valid for:
126.96.36.199 One year from the date of issue, if completely unused; or
22.214.171.124 Subject to the first travel occurring within one year from the date of issue, one year from the date of first travel under the Ticket
3.2.2 When you are prevented from travelling within the period of validity of the Ticket because at the time you request reservations we are unable to confirm a reservation, the validity of such Ticket will be extended solely by the periodduring which such confirmation of reservation could not be given, or you may be entitled to a refund in accordance with Article 10. Apart from this, we will have no liability to you for any loss or expense whatsoever.
3.2.3 If after having commenced your carriage, you are prevented from travelling within the period of validity of the Ticket by reason of illness, we may extend the period of validity of your Ticket until the date when (in our reasonable opinion) you become fit to travel or until our first flight after such date from the point where the journey HM is resumed, on which space is available in the class of service for which the fare has been paid. Such illness must be attested to by a medical certificate. When the Flight Coupons remaining in the Ticket involve one or more Stopovers, the validity of such Ticket may be extended for not more than three months from the date shown on such certificate. In such circumstances, we will similarly extend the period of validity of Tickets of other members of your immediate family accompanying you on the carriage you were prevented from completing.
3.2.4 In the event of death of a Passenger en route, the Tickets of persons accompanying the Passenger may be modified by us either by waiving the minimum stay or extending the validity. In the event of a death in the immediate family of a Passenger who has commenced carriage, the validity of that Passenger's Ticket and those of his or her immediate family who are accompanying the Passenger may likewise be modified. Any such modification shall be made upon receipt of a valid death certificate or other evidence satisfactory to us and any such extension of validity shall not be for a period longer than forty-five (45) Days from the date of the death.
3.3.1 Your Ticket is valid only for the carriage shown on the Ticket, from the place of departure via any Agreed Stopping Places to the final place of destination. The fare you have paid is based upon our Tariffs and is for the carriage shown on the Ticket. It forms an essential part of our contract with you. The Ticket will not be honored and will lose its validity if all the Flight Coupons are not used in the sequence provided in the Ticket.
3.3.2 Should you wish to change any aspect of your carriage (including use of Flight Coupons out of sequence) you must contact us well in advance and before the day of departure of any affected flight. The fare for your new carriage will be calculated by us and, if higher than the fare paid, you will be given the option of accepting the new price or maintaining your original carriage as ticketed. Should you be required to change any aspect of your carriage due to Force Majeure, you must contact us as soon as practicable and we will use reasonable efforts to transport you to your next Stopover or final destination, without recalculation of the fare (but only if you have provided us with satisfactory evidence of the Force Majeure.
3.3.3 Should you change your carriage without our agreement, we will assess the correct price for your actual travel. You will have to pay any difference between the price you have paid and the total fare we calculate for your revised carriage. We will refund you the difference if the new price is lower (subject to deduction of a reasonable administration fee), but otherwise your unused Flight Coupons have no value.
3.3.4 While some types of changes will not result in a change of fare, others, such as changing the place of departure (for example, if you do not fly the first segment) or reversing the direction you travel, can result in an increase in price. Many special fares are valid only on the dates and for the flights shown on the Ticket and may not be changed at all, or may be changed only upon payment of an additional fee to us or our Authorized Agent.
3.3.5 Each Flight Coupon contained in your Ticket will be accepted for carriage in the class of service on the date and flight for which space has been reserved. When a Ticket is originally issued without a reservation being specified, space may be later reserved subject to our Tariff and the availability of space on the flight requested.
3.3.6 If you do not show up for any flight prior to the Check-In -Deadline or you change any part of your carriage without advising us at least 24 hours earlier in advance of that Deadline, we may cancel your return or onward reservations and charge reasonable administrative fee. However, if you do advise us in advance, we will not cancel your subsequent flight reservations.
Our name may be abbreviated to our Airline Designator Code (which is HM), or otherwise, in the Ticket. Our address is Air Seychelles, P O Box 386, Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles.
Fares apply only for carriage from the airport at the point of origin to the airport at the last point of destination via any agreed Stopovers at the times and on the dates specified in your Ticket, unless otherwise expressly stated. Fares do not include ground transport service between airports and between airports and town terminals or any other transport or services. Your fare will be calculated in accordance with our Tariffs in effect on the date of payment of your Ticket for travel on the specific dates and itinerary shown on it. Should you change your itinerary or dates of travel, this may change the fare to be paid. We reserve the right to refuse transportation if the applicable fare has not been paid.
Applicable taxes, fees and charges imposed by government or other authority, or by the operator of an airport, shall be payable by you in full before carriage. At the time you purchase your Ticket, you will be advised of taxes, fees and charges not included in the fare, most of which will normally be shown separately on the Ticket. The taxes, fees and charges imposed on air travel are outside our control and are constantly changing and can be imposed or increased after the date of Ticket issuance. If there is an increase in a tax, fee or charge shown on the Ticket, you will be obliged to pay it before carriage. Likewise, if a new tax, fee or charge is imposed even after Ticket issuance, you will be obliged to pay it before carriage. Similarly, in the event any taxes, fees or charges which you have paid to us at the time of Ticket issuance are abolished or reduced such that they no longer apply to you, or a lesser amount is due, you will be entitled to claim a refund of that amount. If you were not told of the applicable taxes, fees and charges when you purchased or got your Ticket by us or our Authorized Agent or you were told differently, this does not affect your responsibility to pay those amounts at the airport prior to your carriage. If you do not use your Ticket or use only a portion thereof, you may claim a refund of any taxes, fees or charges you have paid as appropriate but we will deduct any applicable administration fees where your Ticket is subject to restrictions. We reserve the right to refuse transportation if the applicable taxes, fees and charges are not paid.
4.3.1 In exceptional circumstances, charges may be imposed on us by third parties which are of a type or amount not normally applicable to our operations (for example, insurance premium supplements or additional security costs triggered by unlawful interference with civil aviation).
4.3.2 In addition, we may be subjected to significant increases in operational costs (for example, fuel charges) caused by exceptional circumstances beyond our control.
4.3.3 In such cases, you will be required to pay to us, as fare surcharges, all such charges attributed by us to your carriage (even if imposed after the date of issue of your Ticket). We will contact you with details of any applicable fare surcharges as soon as possible. If we are unable to establish contact using your contact details, we will advise you of any applicable fare surcharge at check-in. You are free to choose not to pay a fare surcharge and receive an involuntary refund of your Ticket in accordance with the provisions of Article 10.2, in which case we will have no other liability to you.
4.3.4 If any exceptional circumstances surcharge ceases to apply to all or part of your carriage, or a lesser amount is due, a refund can be claimed in respect of any such surcharge which has been paid. Please ask us or our Authorized Agent for details of how to claim such refund.
4.3.5 We reserve the right to refuse transportation if the applicable surcharges have not been paid.
Fares, taxes, fees, charges and exceptional circumstances surcharges are payable in the currency of the country in which the Ticket is issued, unless another currency is indicated by us or our Authorized Agent at or before the time payment is made (for example, because of the non-convertibility of the local currency). We may, at our discretion, accept payment in another currency.
5.1.1 We or our Authorized Agent will record your reservation(s). Upon request we will provide you with written confirmation of your reservation(s).
5.1.2 Certain fares have conditions which limit or exclude your right to change or cancel reservations.
5.1.3 If you have a medical condition or other condition for which you may require medical assistance or special assistance during embarkation, disembarkation or assistance during the flight (for example, in the circumstances set out at Articles 7.2 and 7.3), you must advise us at the time you make your booking. You will be given a provisional booking until such time as we are satisfied that you have received medical clearance required by Article 7.3 and satisfied all conditions attached to such clearance. If you are flying to or from certain countries, local laws may mean that you do not need to comply with the requirements set out in this Article 5.1.3 and you should ask us how the requirements differ.
If you have not paid for the Ticket prior to the specified ticketing time limit, as advised by us or our Authorized Agent, we may cancel your reservation.
5.3.1 You recognize that personal data has been given to us for the purposes of: making a reservation; purchasing, recording and issuing a Ticket and all ancillary documents associated with your carriage; providing you with your carriage and all ancillary services to your carriage; responding to your queries and requests; administration of accounting, billing and auditing procedures and other administrative purposes; obtaining ancillary services; developing and providing services; facilitating immigration and entry procedures; facilitating security checks, procedures and requirements; prevention and detection of crime and making available such data to government agencies, in connection with your travel; customer relations issues; assisting us in future transactions with you; and marketing. For these purposes, you authorize us to retain and use such data and to transmit it and/or share it with: our own offices, our Authorized Agents, our other companies and/or brands, anyone to whom we transfer our rights and duties, third party companies offering related services, governments and government agencies, credit card and other payment card companies, other airlines and other Carriers or the providers of the above-mentioned services.
5.3.2 We may also retain your personal data for direct marketing, but we will obtain your authority to do this first.
5.3.3 Sensitive personal data, for example data relating to your health or disabilities, religion, criminal record or otherwise may be processed by us. In addition we may transfer your data to countries which may not afford the same level of data protection. You recognize that, by providing us with sensitive personal data you give your explicit consent for us to process it and disclose it to third parties for the purposes mentioned in this paragraph 5.3 and also that we may transfer your personal data to other countries whether or not they afford the same level of data protection. We undertake to collect, process, store, save and transfer your data in compliance with relevant data protection legislation in force from time to time.
5.3.4 We may also monitor and/or record your telephone conversations with us to ensure consistent service levels, prevent/detect fraud and for training purposes.
5.3.5 We may require the name and contact details of a third party whom we may contact in an emergency. It is your responsibility to ensure that the third party consents to the disclosure of the information provided for that purpose.
5.3.6 If you would like to know what personal data we are holding about your and/or correct the personal data that we hold about you, please contact our local office.
5.3.7 You agree to hold us and our Authorized Agents harmless for transmitting or retaining inaccurate data provided by you.
We will endeavor to honor advance seating requests. However, we cannot guarantee any particular seat. We reserve the right to assign or reassign seats at any time, even after boarding of the aircraft. This may be necessary for legitimate reasons including but not limited to operational, safety or security reasons.
5.5.1 Onward or return reservations may be subject to the requirement on you to reconfirm the reservations within specified time limits. We or our Authorized Agent will advise you when we require reconfirmation, and how and where it should be done. If it is required and you fail to reconfirm, we may cancel your onward or return reservations and you will not normally be entitled to a refund except where expressly stated by us. However, if you advise us you still wish to travel, and there is space on the flight, we will reinstate your reservations and transport you. If there is no space on the flight we will use reasonable efforts to transport you to your next or final destination but we are not obliged to do so.
5.5.2 You should check the reconfirmation requirements of any other Carriers involved in your journey with them. Where it is required, you must reconfirm with the Carrier whose Airline Designator Code appears for the flight in question on the Ticket. We will have no liability to you if another Carrier cancels one or more reservations for any reason including but not limited to your failure to meet the reconfirmation requirements and your right to onward travel or refund will be governed by that Carrier's conditions of carriage.
Please be advised that if you do not show up for any flight without advising us in advance, we may cancel your return or onward reservations and charge reasonable administrative fees. However, if you do advise us in advance of Check-in Deadlines or boarding (where you have completed all check-in formalities), we will not cancel your subsequent flight reservations.
6.1 Check-in Deadlines are different at every airport and you are required to inform yourself about these Check-in Deadlines and honor them. We reserve the right to cancel your reservation if you do not comply with the Check-in Deadlines indicated. For any subsequent flights in your journey, you should inform yourself of the Check-in Deadlines as we and our Authorized Agent may not do so. Check-in Deadlines for our flights can be found in our timetable, or may be obtained from us or our Authorized Agents.
6.2 You must be present at the boarding gate not later than the time specified by us when you check-in.
6.3 We may cancel the space reserved for you and offload your Checked Baggage if you fail to arrive at the boarding gate in time.
6.4 We will not be liable to you for any loss or expense whatsoever incurred due to your failure to comply with the provisions of this Article.
7.1.1 In the reasonable exercise of our discretion, we may refuse to carry you or your Baggage if we have notified you in writing that we would not at any time after the date of such notice carry you or your Baggage on our flights. In this circumstance we have no liability except that you will be entitled to a refund.
7.1.2 We may also refuse to carry you or your Baggage (without any obligation to give you prior notice) on any flight (even if you hold a valid Ticket and have a boarding pass) if one or more of the following have occurred or we reasonably believe may occur:
126.96.36.199 such action is necessary in order to comply with any applicable government laws, regulations, orders or policy;
188.8.131.52 the carriage of you and/or your Baggage may endanger or affect the safety, health, or materially affect the comfort of other Passengers or crew or disturb or appear to disturb the orderly conduct of air transport;
184.108.40.206 your mental or physical state, including your impairment from alcohol or drugs, presents or appears to present a hazard or risk to yourself, to Passengers, to crew, or the aircraft, or to property;
220.127.116.11 we believe that your mental or physical state, including your impairment from alcohol or drugs, is likely to present a source of material annoyance or discomfort to other Passengers on board the aircraft if you were allowed to proceed to travel in the class in which you are booked or in which you have agreed to travel;
18.104.22.168 you have refused to submit to a security check of yourself or your Baggage or having submitted to such a check, you fail to provide satisfactory answers to security questions asked or you fail a security profiling assessment or analysis or you tamper with or remove any security seals on your Baggage or security stickers on your boarding pass;
184.108.40.206 you have not paid in full the applicable fare, taxes, fees, charges or surcharges.
126.96.36.199 you do not appear to have valid or lawfully acquired travel documents or you appear in our opinion not to meet requisite visa requirements, you seek to enter a country through which you may be in transit for which you do not have valid travel documents (or meet the visa requirements), you destroy your travel documents during flight or between check-in and boarding or refuse to surrender your travel documents to the flight crew, against receipt, or allow us to copy your travel documents when so requested;
126.96.36.199 you present a Ticket that has been or appears to have been acquired unlawfully, has been purchased from an entity other than us or our Authorized Agent, has been reported as being lost or stolen, or is a counterfeit, or you cannot prove that you are the person named in the Ticket;
18.104.22.168 you have failed to comply with the requirements set forth in Article 3.3 above concerning Flight Coupon sequence and use, or you present a Ticket which has been issued or altered in any way, other than by us or our Authorized Agent, or the Ticket is mutilated, defaced or damaged;
18.104.22.168 you fail to observe, or obstruct or hinder, our instructions with respect to safety or security, whether prior to boarding or on board the aircraft or those of any ground staff or crew member in the performance of their duties or if you tamper or threaten to tamper with the aircraft, its equipment or any part thereof;
18.104.22.168 you have previously committed one of the acts or omissions referred to above either with us or another Carrier, and we have reason to believe that you may do so again;
184.108.40.206 you commit a criminal offence during check-in or any of the other operations of embarkation on, or disembarkation from, your flight or disembarkation from a connecting flight or on board the aircraft before take-off or on board the aircraft on any connecting flight or while you are taking any service from us;
220.127.116.11 you use threatening, abusive, insulting, harassing or indecent words or behave in a threatening, abusive or insulting manner to ground staff or members of the crew prior to or during boarding the aircraft or disembarkation from or on a connecting flight or on board the aircraft before take-off;
184.108.40.206 you fail to observe our instructions relating to safety or security and comfort of other Passengers (for example, amongst other things, on seating; storage of Unchecked Baggage; smoking; consumption of alcohol; use of drugs; use of electronic equipment, including mobile cellular phones, laptop computers, PDAs, portable recorders, portable radio, CD, DVD and MP3 players, electronic games or transmitting devices or cause chaos and disturbance on board the aircraft;
188.8.131.52 you have made, or attempted to make (or appear to have made), a bomb hoax, hijack threat or any other security threat.
188.8.131.52 we have been informed (orally or in writing) by immigration or other authorities of the country to which you are traveling to or through which you may intend to transit, or of a country in which you have a Stopover planned, that you will not be permitted entry to such country even if you have valid travel documents;
188.8.131.52 you fail, or refuse, to give us information in your possession or available to you which a governmental authority has lawfully asked us to give about you, or it appears to us that any such information you have given is false or misleading;
126.96.36.199 if you are medically unfit to fly;
22.214.171.124 you are, or we reasonably suspect you are, in unlawful possession of drugs.
We have no duty to make any enquiries when determining whether we believe any event under Articles 188.8.131.52 to 126.96.36.199 might happen.
It is recommended that unaccompanied children, or persons with reduced mobility pregnant women persons with illness or other people which we consider requiring special assistance (for example a wheelchair) arrange with us at the time of ticketing any required special assistance and comply with our applicable procedures . If your special assistance requirements change adversely subsequent to you receiving our agreement to carry you, you must advise us immediately of your change in circumstances and seek our further acceptance for carriage. Passengers with reduced mobility who have advised us of any special requirements they may have at the time of ticketing, and been accepted by us, shall not subsequently be refused carriage on the basis of such disability or special requirements. If you are flying to or from certain countries , local laws may stipulate that you do not need to comply with the requirements set out in this Article 7.2 and you should ask us how the requirements differ.
7.3.1 You must be medically fit prior to boarding the aircraft for carriage. No medical examination is necessary unless you have any reason to suspect, or ought reasonably to know, that you have a condition which might be exacerbated by the normal operation of an aircraft or could cause you difficulty if you are unable to gain access before the end of your flight to professional medical assistance. Where that is the case, you are obliged to seek professional medical advice before flying with us and produce to us, no later than 48 hours before the flight, a medical report form an appropriately qualified doctor which confirms your fitness to travel on all flights on which you are booked. If you are flying to or from certain countries , local laws may stipulate that you do not need to comply with the requirements set out in this Article 7.3 and you should ask us how the requirements differ.
7.3.2 If you are taken ill during the flight for any reason (except due to reasons attributable to us or our Authorized Agent), or due to your pregnancy, you will reimburse to us any expenses incurred as a result of treatment on board the aircraft, transporting you on the ground, or treatment provided by third parties.
You may carry Baggage, subject to our conditions and limitations, which are available upon request from us or our Authorized Agents.
You will be required to pay a charge for carriage of Baggage in excess of the allocated Baggage allowance. These rates are available from us upon request.
8.3.1 You must not include in your Baggage:
126.96.36.199 items which are likely to endanger the aircraft or persons or property on board the aircraft, such as those specified in the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations, and in our regulations (further information is available from us on request);
220.127.116.11 items the carriage of which is prohibited by the applicable laws, regulations or orders of any state to be flown from or to;
184.108.40.206 items which are reasonably considered by us to be unsuitable for carriage because they are dangerous or unsafe, or because of their weight, size, shape or character, or because they are fragile or perishable having regard to, among other things, the type of aircraft being used. Information about unacceptable items is available upon request.
8.3.2 Firearms (whether real, replica or toy), pellet guns, components of fire arms, and ammunition other than for hunting and sporting purposes are prohibited from carriage as Baggage. Firearms and ammunition for hunting and sporting purposes may be accepted at our sole discretion as Checked Baggage. Firearms must be unloaded, with the safety catch on, and suitably packed. Carriage of ammunition is subject to ICAO and IATA regulations as specified in Article
8.3.3 Weapons such as antique firearms, swords, knives and similar items may be accepted as Checked Baggage, at our sole discretion, but will not be permitted in the cabin of the aircraft.
8.3.4 You must not include in Checked Baggage money, jewelry, precious metals, computers, personal electronic devices, stored data, any medication or medical equipment which may be required in-flight or during your trip or which cannot be quickly replaced if lost or damaged, house or car keys, negotiable papers, securities or other valuable items or documents, business documents, passports and other identification documents or samples.
8.3.5 You must not include in Unchecked Baggage real, replica or toy weapons (plastic or metal), or any object which looks like a weapon or could reasonably be mistaken for a weapon, tradesman's tools, ammunition, detonators, fuses, grenades, gas and gas containers such as butane, propane, acetylene, oxygen, explosives or anything which contains explosives, catapults, cross bows, harpoon and spear guns, stun or chocking devices such as prods, ballistic conducted energy weapons, lighters shaped like fire arms, fire works, flares and other pyrotechnics (including party poppers, festive crackers and toy caps), non-safety matches, smoke generating canisters or cartridges, flammable liquid fuel such as petrol/gasoline, diesel, lighter fuel, alcohol, ethanol, aerosol spray paint, turpentine and paint thinner, alcoholic beverages exceeding 70% by volume, acids and alkalis such as wet batteries that may spill, corrosive or bleaching substances such as mercury, chlorine, disabling or incapacitating sprays such as mace, pepper, tear gas, radioactive material such as medicinal or commercial isotopes, poisons, infections or hazardous biological material such as infected blood, bacteria and viruses, material capable of spontaneous ignition or combustion, fire extinguishers, darts, household cutlery, scissors, corkscrews, nail files, knives with blades of any length, knitting needles, paper knives, sporting bats and clubs, razor blades (except safety razors and accompanying cartridges), billiard, snooker or pool cues, hypodermic needles (except those required for medical reasons and accompanied by a medical certificate confirming the medical condition), hard sporting balls or martial arts devices.8.3.6 You must not include in your Checked and Unchecked Baggage any other item which we specify from time to time in our Conditions of Carriage of Passengers and Baggage, Conditions of Ticket, regulations or notices. 8.3.7 If, despite being prohibited, any items referred to in Articles 8.3.1, 8.3.2, 8.3.3, 8.3.4 and 8.3.5 are included in your Baggage, we shall not be responsible for any loss or damage to such items during carriage that is not international carriage to which a Convention would apply.8.3.8 It is recommended that fragile or perishables should not be included in your checked Baggage.
8.4.1 Subject to Articles 8.3.2 and 8.3.3, we will refuse to carry as Baggage the items described in Article 8.3, and we may refuse further carriage of any such items upon discovery, regardless of whether and when we are told, or discover, the presence of such items.
8.4.2 We may refuse to carry as Baggage any item reasonably considered by us to be unsuitable for carriage because of its size, shape, weight, appearance, content or character, or for safety or operational reasons, or in the interests of the comfort of other passengers. Information about unacceptable items is available upon request.
8.4.3 We may refuse to accept Baggage for carriage unless it is in our reasonable opinion properly and securely packed in suitable containers. Information about packing and containers unacceptable to us is available upon request.
8.5.1 For reasons of safety and security we may request that you permit a search and scan of your person and a search, scan or x-ray of your Baggage. If you are not available, your Baggage may be searched, scanned or x-rayed in your absence for the purpose of determining whether you are in possession of or whether your Baggage contains any item described in Articles 8.3.1, 8.3.4 or 8.3.5 or any firearms, ammunition or weapons which have not been presented to us in accordance with Articles 8.3.2 or 8.3.3. If you are unwilling to comply with such request we may refuse to carry you and your Baggage. In the event a search or scan causes Damage to you, or an x-ray search or scan causes damage to your Baggage, we shall not be liable for such Damage unless due to our fault or negligence.
8.5.2 You must allow security checks of your Baggage by government officials, airport officials, police or military officials and Carriers involved in your carriage.
8.5.3 It is your responsibility to make yourself aware of and comply with any requirement of security authorities in other countries that require Checked Baggage to be secured in such a manner that it can be opened without the possibility of causing damage in the absence of the Passenger.
8.6.1 Upon delivery to us of your Baggage which you wish to check, we will take custody of, and issue a Baggage Identification Tag for, each piece of your Checked Baggage.
8.6.2 Checked Baggage should have your name or other personal identification (including a contact telephone number) affixed to it.
8.6.3 Checked Baggage will, whenever possible, be carried on the same aircraft as you, unless we decide for safety, security or operational reasons to carry it on an alternative flight. If your Checked Baggage is carried on an alternative flight we will deliver it to you at the address you have provided to us, unless applicable law at the place of collection requires you to be present for customs clearance, or the reason for carriage of the Checked Baggage on an alternative aircraft related to the size, weight or character of the Checked Baggage or your failure to comply with these Conditions of Carriage.
8.6.4 Unless we decide that your Checked Baggage will not be carried on the same aircraft as you, we will not carry your Checked Baggage if you fail to board the aircraft on which it is loaded or, having boarded, you leave the aircraft before take-off or at a point of transit, without re-boarding.
8.6.5 You must ensure that your Checked Baggage is sufficiently robust and well secured to withstand the usual and normal rigors of carriage by air without sustaining damage (except for fair wear and tear).
8.7.1 We may specify maximum dimensions and/or weight for Unchecked Baggage which you carry on to the aircraft. In any case, Unchecked Baggage which you carry onto the aircraft must fit under the seat in front of you or in an enclosed storage compartment in the cabin of the aircraft. If your Baggage cannot be stored in this manner, or is of excessive weight, or is considered unsafe for any reason, it must be carried as Checked Baggage, subject to Articles 8.2 and 8.3.
8.7.2 Objects not suitable for carriage in the cargo compartment (such as delicate musical instruments), and which do not meet the requirements in Article 8.7.1 above, will only be accepted for carriage in the cabin of the aircraft if you have given us notice sufficiently in advance of check-in and permission has been granted by us. You may be required to pay a separate charge for this service and we have no obligation to allow you to use this service.
8.8.1 Subject to Article 8.6.3, you are required to collect your Checked Baggage as soon as it is made available at your destination or Stopover. Should you not collect it promptly upon its availability at your destination or Stopover, we may charge you a reasonable storage fee which shall be determined by us. Should your Checked Baggage not be claimed within three (3) months of the time it is made available, we may dispose of it without notice or any liability to you.
8.8.2 Only the bearer of the Baggage Check and Baggage Identification Tag is entitled to delivery of the Checked Baggage. We accept no responsibility for checking the identity or authority of the bearer of the Baggage Check and Baggage Identification Tag or for checking that such person has any right to collection.
8.8.3 If a person claiming Checked Baggage is unable to produce the Baggage Check and identify the Baggage by means of a Baggage Identification Tag, we will deliver the Baggage to such person only on condition that he or she establishes to our satisfaction his or her right to the Baggage.
We reserve the right, at our absolute discretion, to refuse to carry any animals. If we agree to carry any animals they will be carried subject to the following conditions:
8.9.1 You must ensure that animals such as dogs, cats and falcons and other pets, are properly crated with necessary supplies of food and water (or carried in a container complying with any applicable legal requirements) and accompanied by valid health and vaccination certificates, entry permits, transit and exit permits and other documents required by countries of entry or transit, failing which they will not be accepted for carriage. Such carriage may be subject to additional conditions specified by us, which are available on request.
8.9.2 If accepted as Baggage, the animal, together with its container and food, shall not be included in your free Baggage allowance, but shall constitute excess baggage, for which you will be obliged to pay the applicable rate prior to your animal being accepted for carriage.
8.9.3 Guide dogs accompanying Passengers with disabilities will be carried free of charge in addition to the normal free baggage allowance, subject to conditions specified by us, which are available on request.
8.9.4 Where carriage is not subject to the liability rules of the Convention, we are not responsible for injury to or loss, sickness or death of an animal which we have agreed to carry.
8.9.5 We will have no liability in respect of any such animal not having all the necessary exit, entry, health and other documents with respect to the animal's entry into or passage through any country, state or territory and the person carrying the animal must reimburse us for any fines, costs, losses or liabilities reasonably imposed or incurred by us as a result. You will be solely responsible for making the necessary arrangements for any animal you attempt to carry on the aircraft and to which carriage has been refused. Furthermore, we will have no liability to you if you are unable to travel as a result of the refusal of carriage to any animal you attempt you carry on the aircraft
We will not be responsible for, or have any liability in respect of, articles removed from your Baggage, and/or retained, by airport security personnel.
9.1.1 The flight times shown in timetables may change between the date of publication (or issue) and the date you actually travel. We do not guarantee them to you and they do not form part of your contract with us.
9.1.2 Before we accept your booking, we or our Authorized Agent will notify you of the scheduled flight time in effect as of that time, and it will be shown on your Ticket. It is possible we may need to change the scheduled flight time subsequent to issuance of your Ticket. If you provide us with your contact information, we or our Authorized Agent will endeavor to notify you of any such changes. If, after you purchase your Ticket, we make a significant change to the scheduled flight time, which is not acceptable to you, and we are unable to book you on an alternate flight which is acceptable to you, you will be entitled to a refund in accordance with Article 10.2.
9.2.1 We will take all reasonable necessary measures to avoid delay in carrying you and your Baggage. In the exercise of these measures and in order to prevent a flight cancellation, in exceptional circumstances we may arrange for a flight to be operated on our behalf by an alternative carrier and/or aircraft without however accepting the obligation to make such arrangement.
9.2.2 If we cancel a flight due to be operated by us, fail to operate a flight reasonably according to the schedule, fail to stop at your destination or Stopover destination, or cause you to miss a connecting flight operated by us on which you hold a confirmed reservation, we shall, at your option, either:
126.96.36.199 carry you and your Baggage at the earliest opportunity on another of our scheduled services on which space is available in the class in which you were originally booked without additional charge and, where necessary, extend the validity of your Ticket; or
18.104.22.168 within a reasonable period of time re-route you and your Baggage to the destination shown on your Ticket by our own services or those of another carrier, or by other mutually agreed means and class of transportation without additional charge. If the fare, charges and exceptional circumstances surcharges for the revised routing are lower than what you have paid, we shall refund the difference; or
22.214.171.124 make a refund in accordance with the provisions of Article 10.2.
9.2.3 Upon the occurrence of any of the matters set out in Article 9.2.2, except as otherwise provided by the Convention or other applicable laws, rules or regulations, the options outlined in Article 126.96.36.199 to 188.8.131.52 are the sole and exclusive remedies available to you and we shall have no further liability to you.
9.2.4 Where your flight is due to be operated by us from an airport within the EU and has been cancelled or delayed for at least four (4) hours or you have been downgraded on an involuntary basis you may be entitled to certain rights and we will inform you about those rights when they arise.
9.3.1 If we are unable to provide previously confirmed space on a flight operated by us in the class in which you are booked and for which you have met all applicable Check-in Deadlines and boarding deadlines, we shall provide compensation to those Passengers denied boarding in accordance with applicable law and our denied boarding compensation policy. Apart from this, we will have no liability to you for any loss or expense whatsoever.
9.3.2 Where you are denied boarding from a flight operated by us from an airport within the EU, in circumstances where you hold a Confirmed Reservation, have met the applicable Check-in Deadline and are not precluded from boarding by reason of application of these Conditions of Carriage or for other reasonable grounds, and are not traveling free of charge or on a reduced fare not generally available to the public, you may be entitled to benefits and we will inform you about those rights when they arise.
We will refund a Ticket or any unused portion, in accordance with the applicable fare rules or Tariffs, as follows:
10.1.1 Except as otherwise provided in this Article, we shall be entitled to make a refund either to the person named in the Ticket or to the person who has paid for the Ticket, upon presentation of proof of such payment.
10.1.2 If a Ticket has been paid for by a person other than the Passenger named in the Ticket, and the Ticket indicates that there is a restriction on refund, we shall make a refund only to the person who paid for the Ticket, or to that person's order.
10.1.3 Except in the case of a lost Ticket, refunds will only be made on surrender to us of the Ticket and all unused Flight Coupons. This requirement will not apply where your Ticket is an Electronic Ticket.
10.2.1 If we: (i) cancel a flight; (ii) fail to operate a flight reasonably according to schedule; (iii) fail to carry you on a flight for which you have a confirmed reservation and have met the Check-in Deadline and applicable boarding deadline and you have not been refused carriage for reasons permitted by these Conditions of Carriage; (iv) fail to stop at your destination or Stopover; or (v) cause you to miss a connecting flight on which you hold a confirmed reservation and adequate time existed to make the connection between the original scheduled time of arrival of your flight and the departure time of the connecting flight, the amount of the refund shall be, unless otherwise specified by appropriate law:
10.2.1.1 if no portion of the Ticket has been used, an amount equal to the fare paid (including taxes, fees, charges and exceptional circumstances surcharges paid);
10.2.1.2 if a portion of the Ticket has been used, not less than the difference between the fare paid (including taxes, fees, charges and exceptional circumstances surcharges paid) and the applicable fare calculated by us (including taxes, fees, charges and exceptional circumstances surcharges paid) for travel between the points for which the Ticket has been used.
10.3.1 If you are entitled to a refund of your Ticket for reasons other than those set out in Article 10.2, the amount of the refund shall be:
10.3.1.1 if no portion of the Ticket has been used, an amount equal to the fare paid (including taxes, fees, charges and exceptional circumstances surcharges paid), less any reasonable service charges or cancellation fees;
10.3.1.2 if a portion of the Ticket has been used, an amount equal to the difference between the fare paid (including taxes, fees, charges and exceptional circumstances surcharges paid) and the applicable fare calculated by us (including taxes, fees, charges and exceptional circumstances surcharges paid) for travel between the points for which the Ticket has been used, less any reasonable service charges or cancellation fees.
10.4.1 We may refuse a refund where application is made after the expiry of the validity of the Ticket.
10.4.2 We may refuse a refund on a Ticket which has been presented to us, or to Government officials, as evidence of intention to depart from that country, unless you establish to our satisfaction that you have permission to remain in the country or that you will depart from that country by another carrier or another means of transport.
10.4.3 We will not give a refund on a Ticket for any flight on which you have been refused carriage or from which you have been disembarked due to your conduct on board the aircraft.
We reserve the right to make a refund in the same manner and the same currency used to pay for the Ticket.
Unless we expressly state otherwise in these Conditions of Carriage, the rights to a refund set out in this Article 10 represent your only rights against us if your carriage does not take place for any reason whatsoever and we will have no other liability to you for any loss or expense whatsoever.
You will not at any time, conduct yourself aboard the aircraft in any manner likely to endanger or threaten (whether by hoax threats or otherwise) the aircraft or any person or property on board; obstruct, hinder or interfere with the crew in the performance of their duties; fail to comply with or contravene any instructions or direction of the crew, whether oral or by notice, including but not limited to those with respect to smoking, alcohol or drug consumption, security and safety or use of electronic equipment; or behave in a manner which causes or is likely to cause discomfort, distress, inconvenience, damage or injury to other passengers, the crew or property. If, in our reasonable opinion, you conduct yourself on board the aircraft in any of these ways, we may take such measures as we deem reasonably necessary to prevent continuation of such conduct, including restraint. You may be disembarked and refused onward carriage at any point with no liability to us, and may be prosecuted for offences committed on board the aircraft.
If, as a result of conduct by you of the sort mentioned in Article 11.1 we decide, in the exercise of our reasonable discretion, to divert the aircraft for the purpose of offloading you and/or your Baggage, you must pay all costs resulting from that diversion and, in addition, you must reimburse us for any costs we incur as a result of delaying the aircraft for the purpose of removing you and/or your Baggage. You must also reimburse to us any costs we incur in order to: (i) repair or replace any property lost, damaged or destroyed by you; and (ii) compensate any passenger or crew member affected by your actions.
For safety reasons, we may forbid or limit operation aboard the aircraft of electronic equipment, including, but not limited to, cellular telephones, laptop computers, portable recorders, portable radios, CD players, electronic games or transmitting devices, including radio controlled toys and walkie-talkies. Operation of hearing aids and heart pacemakers is permitted.
12.1 If we make arrangements for you with any third party to provide any services other than carriage by air, or if we issue a ticket or voucher relating to transport or services (other than carriage by air) provided by a third party such as surface transportation, hotel reservations or car rental, in doing so we act only as your agent. The terms and conditions of the third party service provider will apply.
12.2 If we are also providing surface transport to you, other conditions may apply to such surface transport. Such conditions are available from us upon request. We will have no liability to you for any surface transportation or other services we arrange for you under Article 12.1, unless caused solely by our negligence.
13.1.1 You are responsible for obtaining and holding all required travel documents and visas and for complying with all applicable laws, regulations, orders, demands and travel requirements of all countries to be flown from, into or through which you transit.
13.1.2 We shall not be liable for the consequences to any Passenger resulting from his or her failure to obtain such documents or visas or to comply with such laws, regulations, orders, demands, requirements, rules or instructions.
Prior to travel, you must present all exit, entry, health and other documents required by law, regulation, order, demand or other requirement of the countries concerned, and permit us to take and retain copies thereof. We reserve the right to require you to present to us any of these documents at any time during your carriage and to refuse carriage of you and your Baggage if you do not comply with these requirements, or your travel documents do not appear to be in order, even if you have started or completed part of your carriage before it becomes clear to us that you have not complied with this Article 13.2.
If you are denied entry into any country (including a country through which you are transiting en route to your final destination), you will be responsible to pay any fine or charge, and to reimburse any fine or charge assessed against us by the Government concerned, and for reimbursing us for the cost of transporting you (and an escort, if required) from that country. The fare collected for carriage to the point of refusal or denied entry will not be refunded by us.
If we are required to pay any fine, penalty detention costs, removal expenses, escorting charges, costs of tickets issued for you or to incur any other expenditure by reason of your failure to comply with laws, regulations, orders, demands or other travel requirements of the countries you have traveled to or because you have failed or to produce the required documents on seeking entry to a country, you shall reimburse us in full on demand any amount so paid or expenditure so incurred. We may apply towards such payment or expenditure the value of any unused carriage on your ticket, or any of your funds in our possession
If required, you shall attend inspection of your Baggage, by customs or other Government officials. We are not liable to you for any loss or damage suffered by you in the course of such inspection or through your failure to comply with this requirement.
You shall submit to any security checks, searches and scans by Governments, airport officials, Carriers handling agents, police or military officials or by us.
We will not be liable to you for the return of any of your travel documents, identification documents or Tickets confiscated by any other Carrier or any governmental or other authority.
Carriage to be performed by us and other Carriers under one Ticket or a Conjunction Ticket is regarded as a single operation for the purposes of the Convention. However, your attention is drawn to Article 15.5.1.
15.1.1 Subject as provided in Articles 15.1.2, 15.1.3, 15.1.5, 15.1.6 and 15.5, our liability for proven damages sustained in the event of death, or any other bodily injury suffered by a Passenger in the event of an accident shall not be subject to any financial limit, be it defined by law, the Convention, other convention or contract.
15.1.2 For any damages up to 128,821 Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) (or the equivalent in local currency), we shall not exclude or limit our liability by proving that we and our agents have taken all necessary measures to avoid the damage or that it was impossible for us or our agents to take such measures. Where the Montreal Convention applies, we shall not be liable for damages to the extent they exceed 128,821 Special Drawing Rights (or the equivalent in local currency) if we prove that such damage was not due to negligence or other wrongful act or omission by us or our servants or agents, or was solely due to the negligence or other wrongful act or omission of a third party.
15.1.3 Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 15.1.1 and 15.1.2, if we prove that the damage was caused by, or contributed to by, the negligence of the injured or deceased Passenger (or the person claiming compensation), we may be exonerated wholly or partly from our liability in accordance with applicable law.
15.1.4 Where required by law, we agree to make advance payments to you or your heirs subject to the following terms and conditions:
220.127.116.11 the person receiving payment is a natural person (that is to say physical person in the ordinary sense of the word as opposed to legal persons such as corporations);
188.8.131.52 you are, or the person receiving payment is, entitled to compensation under applicable laws;
184.108.40.206 payments will be made only in respect of immediate economic needs;
220.127.116.11 the amount of a payment will be proportional to the economic hardship being suffered as a result of the death, wounding or bodily injury, save that, in the case of death, it will not be less than 15,000 SDRs or equivalent in local currency per Passenger;
126.96.36.199 payment will not be made later than fifteen (15) Days after the identity of the person entitled to compensation has been confirmed under applicable laws provided satisfactory proof of such confirmation has been presented to us.
126.96.36.199 no person will be entitled to receive a payment if he or she or the Passenger to whom the payment relates, caused or contributed to the Damage to which the payment relates by his or her negligence;
188.8.131.52 the recipient of any payment will be obliged to return all payments received if proof is produced that the recipient has ceased to be able to comply at all times with Article 184.108.40.206 or he or she or the Passenger to whom the payment relates, caused or contributed to the Damage to which the payment relates;
22.214.171.124 payments will be off-set against any subsequent sums payable in respect of our liability under applicable laws;
18.104.22.168 except for payment of the minimum sum specified in Article 184.108.40.206 in respect of death, a payment made under this Paragraph 15.1.4 will not exceed the maximum damages for which we may be liable to pay the recipient;
22.214.171.124 the making of a payment will not constitute recognition or admission of liability by us;
22.214.171.124 no payment will be made unless the person receiving payment gives us a signed receipt which also acknowledges the applicability of Articles 188.8.131.52, 184.108.40.206, 184.108.40.206 and 126.96.36.199 and signs appropriate release and indemnity documents prescribed by us; and
126.96.36.199 unless in conflict with any applicable law, and subject to payment of the minimum sum specified in Article 184.108.40.206 in the case of death, our decision in relation to the payment amount will be final and binding.
15.1.5 We are not responsible for any illness, injury or disability, including death, attributable to your physical or general health condition or for the aggravation of such condition.
15.1.6 Please take notice that a number of medical studies indicate that there may be an association between prolonged immobility when traveling and the formation of blood clots in the legs (DVT). Although this is not a frequent occurrence, there are certain inherited and lifestyle factors which may increase the chance of this happening. If you have any concern about this issue you should consult your doctor before traveling.
15.2.1 We will not be liable for Damage to Unchecked Baggage unless we caused the Damage by our negligence and such negligence is proved by the Passenger or the person claiming compensation.
15.2.2 We will not be liable for Damage to Baggage resulting from the inherent defect, quality or vice of the Baggage. Likewise, we will not be liable for fair wear and tear of Baggage resulting from the usual and normal rigors of transportation by air.
15.2.3 We are not liable for damage during carriage that is not international carriage to which a Convention would apply to any item included in your Baggage which you are prohibited from including in your Baggage by Article 8.3.
15.2.4 Our liability for Damage to Baggage is limited to the maximum amounts stated in Articles 184.108.40.206 to 184.108.40.206 unless you prove that the Damage resulted from our act or omission either done with the intention of causing Damage or recklessly and with knowledge that Damage would probably result. You may wish to make a special declaration of value (see Article 15.2.5) or buy yourself insurance to cover instances where the actual value or replacement cost of your Checked Baggage or Unchecked Baggage exceeds our liability.
18.104.22.168 The maximum amount of 332 Special Drawing Rights (approximately US$400 or equivalent in local currency) per Passenger applies to Damage to Unchecked Baggage where the Warsaw Convention applies to your carriage;
18.104.22.168 The maximum amount of 22 Special Drawing Rights (approximately US$30 or equivalent in local currency) per kilogram, or any higher sum agreed by us pursuant to Article 15.2.5, applies to Damage to Checked Baggage where the Warsaw Convention applies to your carriage;
22.214.171.124 The maximum amount of 1288 Special Drawing Rights (approximately US$ 1809 or equivalent in local currency) per Passenger, or any higher sum agreed by us pursuant to Article 15.2.5, applies to Damage to both Unchecked and Checked Baggage where the Montreal Convention applies to your carriage.
184.108.40.206 The maximum limit of liability for Damage to both Unchecked and Checked Baggage laid down by local law applies to your Baggage where local law applies to your carriage instead of the Warsaw Convention or the Montreal Convention.
18.104.22.168 The maximum limit of liability for Damage to both Unchecked and Checked Baggage specified in Articles 220.127.116.11 and 18.104.22.168 apply to Damage to Unchecked Baggage and Checked Baggage respectively where neither the Warsaw Convention nor the Montreal Convention applies to your carriage and no limit of our liability is laid down by applicable local law.
15.2.5 We will increase our liability to you for Damage to Checked Baggage to an amount specified by you and agreed by us at the time you hand your Checked Baggage to us at check-in, but only if you pay to us an additional charge calculated in accordance with our regulations. This is known as a "special declaration of value". Please ask us for details of the applicable charges if you want to use this option.
15.2.6 If the weight of your Checked Baggage is not recorded on the Baggage Check, we will presume that it is not more than the free baggage allowance for the class of carriage for which you were booked.
15.2.7 Where carriage of your Baggage is performed by successive airlines and either the Warsaw Convention or the Montreal Convention applies to that carriage, you are entitled to make a claim against us only if (a) you are the passenger and we are the first carrier or (b) you are the passenger and we are the last carrier or (c) the Damage occurred during the carriage of Baggage by us.
Our liability for Damage caused by delay in your carriage by air is limited by the Warsaw Convention and the Montreal Convention. Where neither of those Conventions applies, we will have no liability to you for delay, except as provided in these Conditions of Carriage.
15.4.1 All claims for compensation for Damage to Baggage must be accompanied by an itemized list identifying each affected item by description, manufacturer and age, together with satisfactory proof of purchase or ownership for all such items. Proof of purchase will not be required in relation to any item which costs less than US$50 (or equivalent in local currency), or is more than 5 years old and has a claim value of less than US$50 (or equivalent in local currency).
15.4.2 In the case of a compensation claim concerning physical damage to Baggage, you must retain and, allows us examine the affected Baggage so that we may assess the nature, extent and repair ability of that damage.
15.4.3 If you wish to claim the cost of replacement of an individual item which forms part of a claim for compensation for Damage to Baggage, you must consult us and we must agree in writing before you incur such cost otherwise we may not include the cost in any compensation payable. This requirement will not apply where the total cost of replacement items does not exceed US$50 (or equivalent in local currency). Proof of purchase of all replacement items must accompany your claim. Proof of purchase will not be required in relation to any item which costs less than US$50 (or equivalent in local currency).
15.4.4 For all claims for compensation concerning Baggage, you must provide us with any information we may request to assess the eligibility of your claim for compensation and the amount of any compensation payable.
15.4.5 You must sign a statement of truth regarding the facts of your claim for Damage to Baggage and an appropriate release and indemnity document before we pay any compensation to you.
15.4.6 Failure by you to fully comply with the relevant requirements of Article 15.4 may adversely affect the availability and the amount of any compensation to which you may be entitled.
15.5.1 If we issue a ticket or if we check Baggage for carriage on another carrier, we do so only as agent for the other Carrier. Nevertheless, with respect to Checked Baggage, you may make a claim against the first or last Carrier.
15.5.2 We are not liable for any damage arising from our compliance with or your failure to comply with applicable laws or Government rules and regulations.
15.5.3 Except as may be specifically provided otherwise in these Conditions of Carriage or by applicable law, we shall be liable to you only for recoverable compensatory damages for proven losses.
15.5.4 The contract of carriage, including these Conditions of Carriage and exclusions or limits of liability, applies to our authorized agents, servants, employees and representatives to the same extent as it and they apply to us. The total amount recoverable from us and from such authorized agents, employees, representatives and persons shall not exceed the amount of our own liability, if any.
15.5.5 Nothing in these Conditions of Carriage shall waive any exclusion or limitation of our liability or any defense available to us under the Convention or applicable laws unless otherwise expressly stated.
15.5.6 Nothing in these Conditions of Carriage shall waive any exclusion or limitation of our liability or any defense available to us under the Convention or applicable laws as against any public social insurance body or any person who is liable to pay compensation or has paid compensation in respect of the death, wounding or other bodily injury of a Passenger
15.5.7 We reserve the right to amend these Conditions of Carriage from time to time and such amended Conditions of Carriage shall be effective and valid from the date of amendment.
Where your journey involves an ultimate destination or stop in a country other than the country of origin, you are advised that the Warsaw Convention or the Montreal Convention may be applicable to your entire journey, including any section entirely within the country of origin or destination. Where the Montreal Convention is applicable, the airline is liable for proven damages for death or personal injury, and certain defenses to liability specified by that Convention will be inapplicable for damages not exceeding 128,821 SDRs or equivalent in local currency. Where the Montreal Convention is not applicable, the conditions of carriage of many airlines (including Air Seychelles Limited, as specified in Article 15.1.1) provide that the liability for death or bodily injury will not be subject to any financial limit defined by the Warsaw Convention and that, in respect of such damage up to a maximum of 128,821 SDRs or equivalent in local currency, any defense to liability based on proof that they have taken all necessary measures will not apply. Where no such provisions are included in the airline's conditions of carriage, please note that; (i) for such Passengers on a journey to, from or with an agreed stopping place in the USA, the Warsaw Convention and special contracts of carriage embodied in applicable Tariffs provide that the liability of certain airlines, parties to such special contracts, for death of or personal injury to Passengers is limited in most cases to proven damages not to exceed US$75,000 per Passenger, and that this liability up to such limit will not depend on negligence on the part of the airline; and (ii) for such Passengers travelling by an airline not a party to such special contracts or on a journey to which the Warsaw Convention applies which is not to, from or having an agreed stopping place in the USA, the liability of the airline for death or personal injury to Passengers is limited in most cases to US$10,000 or US$20,000; and (iii) some countries impose higher limits than those stated in (i) and (ii).The names of airlines or parties to such special contracts of the type mentioned in (i) above, are available at all ticket offices of such airlines and may be examined on request.
Additional protection can usually be obtained by purchasing insurance from a private company. Such insurance is not affected by any limitation of the airline's liability under the Warsaw Convention or the Montreal Convention or such special contracts of carriage of the type mentioned in (i) above. For further information, please consult your airline or insurance company representatives. Note: The limit of liability of US$75,000 specified in (i) above of this Article 15.6 is inclusive of legal fees and costs except that, in case of a claim brought in a state where a provision is made for separate award of legal fees and costs, the limit will be the sum of US$58,000 exclusive of legal fees and costs.
Acceptance of Baggage by the bearer of the Baggage Check without complaint at the time of delivery is sufficient evidence that the Baggage has been delivered in good condition and in accordance with the contract of carriage, unless you prove otherwise.
If you wish to file a claim or an action regarding Damage to Checked Baggage, you must notify us forthwith after you discover the Damage, and at the latest, within seven (7) Days of receipt of the Checked Baggage or in the case of lost baggage within seven (7) days of the date the Checked Baggage should have arrived. If you wish to file a claim or an action regarding delay of Checked Baggage, you must notify us within twenty-one (21) Days from the date the Checked Baggage has been placed at your disposal. Every such notification must be made in writing.
Any right to damages shall be extinguished if an action is not brought within two (2) years of the date of your arrival at destination, or the date on which the aircraft was scheduled to arrive, or the date on which the carriage stopped. The method of calculating the period of limitation shall be determined by the law of the court where the case is heard.
Carriage of you and your Baggage is also provided in accordance with certain other regulations and conditions applying to or adopted by us. These regulations and conditions as varied from time to time are important. They concern among other things:
- the carriage of unaccompanied minors, pregnant women, and sick passengers,
- restrictions on use of electronic devices and items;
- the on board consumption of alcoholic beverages.
Regulations concerning these matters are available from us upon request.
The title of each Article of these Conditions of Carriage is for convenience only, and is not to be used for interpretation of the text.
The authentic text of these Conditions of Carriage is the English language; translations into any other language or languages is provided only for convenience of reference.


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185, rue de Vaugirard boutique. J. who works for Pierre Herme, bought a half dozen watercolors - all Pierre Herme-related. We were going to meet, but with the Paris transportation strike and school holidays we didn't make it. As a sort of consulation prize I got to "tour" the shop and take pictures during pre-opening hours last Tuesday morning.A macaron-lover's dream non? The front door says, emotions to share.
I want to share my visit with you.Inside the rue de Vaugirard boutique is spacious.
The decor shows the hand of an architect at play - bright colors, airy, well-lite with big sunny windows. In every way different from the boutique on rue Bonaparte, which is a bit like entering a secret cave. And there was no line out the door! The ceiling is a playful use of Pierre Herme's logo.The boxes match the color of the counters. The long rectangular box holds a set of 6 macarons perfectly. I call it the "petal" box - the leaves open up like a flower. Pastries wait their turn in the wings to go onstage.
The Pierre Herme logo awaits.
(macaron almost rimes with balloon)
Like puffs of pure joy
They take off and disappear.
But the memory lingers.
The colors..the flavors..the textures...the joy
Fred Astair: You're in Paris..
You're at the Tuilleries...
You've got balloons...
There's a sudden shower
And you're very, very happy
Audrey Hepburn: Why am I so happy?
Fred Astair: Because I say you are!
That's all you have to know.
You're happy!
Now run!
I ran around that shop for 60 minutes taking as many pictures as possible - I was very, very happy!
Thank you J.

subset: commoncrawl


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San Mateo is among the most treacherous areas on the peninsula to expand to four tracks for high speed rail because the existing Caltrain tracks run through dense residential neighborhoods and downtown blocks where the available right of way width is significantly less than 100 feet. The city is a "ground zero" of future grade separations: it is home to one-fifth of the grade crossings on the entire peninsula rail corridor (9 out of 46). To improve safety and traffic circulation, the city has long had plans to grade-separate all of its rail crossings; high speed rail will only hasten this process. The San Mateo County Transportation Authority has been carrying out a series of preliminary grade separation footprint studies in support of these plans.
San Mateo finalized a Rail Corridor Transit-Oriented Development Plan in April 2008, covering the vicinity of the Hillsdale and Hayward Park Caltrain stations and including the re-development of the Bay Meadows racetrack site.
Station Area and Downtown
The San Mateo Caltrain station was rebuilt in 1999-2000 to alleviate auto traffic congestion. The new $11 million station with underground parking (photo above by ibison4) replaced a sparse older station a few blocks to the south. Every time a train stopped at the old station's center boarding platform between 3rd and 4th Avenues, auto traffic on 2nd through 5th Avenues was paralyzed, exacerbating rush hour congestion.
With some foresight, albeit a bit fuzzy, the new station's underground garage and surrounding structures were reportedly built so as to allow the tracks to be relocated underground. This would not only grade-separate the tracks through town, but also accommodate a future BART subway, as was envisioned in the late 1990s while construction of the SFO extension was underway.
Plans change.
The problem is now this: the new station building and underground parking encroach on the railroad right of way and do not leave the necessary clearance for four tracks, as likely required for Caltrain and HSR, whether at, above, or below grade. Worse, a couple of blocks south of the station, San Mateo's new downtown cinema and Main Street parking garage were completed in 2003 and encroach on what was once railroad right of way, leaving just 50 - 60 feet for the tracks (see Caltrain right of way map).
There will be no easy or cheap solutions to these constraints. In discussions about a preliminary grade separation footprint study for downtown, city staff makes the following key observations:
- The vertical alignment of all the downtown rail crossings must be consistent, since their close spacing does not allow sufficient space for rail grade changes;
- Any grade separation alternatives with the tracks at grade or near grade is infeasible because of the need to lower or raise downtown streets in a manner that severely impacts frontage on both sides of these streets;
- The two remaining vertical alignment alternatives leave the streets at grade, with the rails either fully elevated or underground--the latter being the city's stated preference;
- The right of way required to build a four-track underground trench is 110 feet wide, far more than the 50 - 60 ft available;
- Moving the horizontal alignment of the tracks to the east (with impact to Railroad Ave and frontage) is preferable to impacting the new train station, Main Street parking garage and downtown cinema;
- The underground alignment presents significant technical complications, with residential property impacts just north of downtown where the tracks would ramp down, possible street closures, as well as the technical difficulty of crossing San Mateo Creek underground.
The issue of track alignment through downtown San Mateo is discussed in much greater detail in Threading the San Mateo Narrows. That discussion includes diagrams showing various track configuration options such as the elevated shown below.
For more details, read all about Threading the San Mateo Narrows.
North Central San Mateo
North of downtown, the tracks curve through dense residential blocks on right of way that ranges from 60 to 90 feet wide, less than the ~75 feet required to run four tracks on a retained embankment, and certainly less than the ~110 feet required to excavate a trench or tunnel. The tracks cross four residential streets (Poplar, Santa Inez, Monte Diablo and Tilton avenues) on low-clearance bridges that have long been slated for refurbishment.
The key question for downtown and the North Central neighborhood will concern the vertical alignment of the tracks. The close proximity of these residential blocks to downtown, combined with the gentle track gradients required for freight trains (yes, freight trains), will require that these areas be considered as one.
Vertical Alignment Considerations
The vertical profile of the existing tracks in San Mateo is shown in the figure below. This figure was created from Caltrain track survey data, with the vertical scale greatly exaggerated. The grade level of cross streets is estimated from the known vertical clearance at each location; the level of creeks is likewise estimated.
We make a few assumptions (for more background on where these came from, read about The Shape of Palo Alto):
- Vertical track radius is constrained to a minimum of 10 km
- Gradient limit of 1 to 1.5% for freight trains, 2.5% for passenger trains
- 20-foot clearance from underpass road surface to top-of-rail (to clear trucks)
- 30-foot clearance from overpass road surface to top-of-rail (to clear freight trains)
- Tracks must be close to level for 750 feet north of First Ave, for Caltrain platforms
- Tracks are elevated at Peninsula Ave., an area with adequate clearances and commercial frontage that would favor this minimum-cost solution.
Scenario #2: trench through downtown. To shorten the sloping approaches and reduce the depth of the trench, we assume each road is raised by 5 feet (something that can be done with little impact to adjoining frontage), with rails depressed by 25 feet. Even this 25-foot trench penetrates below the water table and will require constant pumping to keep dry. With the 1% gradient limit desirable for freight trains, this design would require the closure of Villa Terrace, Bellevue, Poplar, Santa Inez, Monte Diablo and Tilton avenues, unless those streets were either raised or depressed with considerable impact to frontage on either side of the tracks.
Scenario #3: trench through downtown, with steep approaches. With a less stringent gradient limit just a shade over 2%, difficult for freight trains but easily handled by high speed trains and Caltrain, the approaches to the trench are much shorter. This allows underpasses at Villa Terrace, Bellevue and Poplar and reduces the need to close cross-streets. Santa Inez, Monte Diablo and Tilton would likely still be closed.
Scenario #4: tunnels. While this alternative will no doubt be studied by the CHSRA, it is unlikely to be implemented due to a host of disadvantages, not the least of which is the astronomical cost. The sloping approaches to a tunnel diving under downtown are likely to present even greater interference with cross-streets than the depressed trenches described above.
Whatever alternative is ultimately favored, one must keep in mind that the biggest constraints on the vertical alignment of the tracks come from freight trains, which don't handle steep grades well and require very high vertical clearances. The more nimble electric trains used by HSR and Caltrain would easily handle steep gradients up to 2.5%, and would require about 3 feet less vertical clearance. In short, freight trains may have a direct impact on San Mateo neighborhoods.
Southern San Mateo
The southern half of San Mateo is an area currently slated for extensive re-development. It does not have nearly as much access across the tracks as northern San Mateo, and the available right of way is far less constrained, generally greater than 100 feet (see maps for mileposts 18, 19 and 20). The area encompassing the Hayward Park and Hillsdale Caltrain stations (and the former Bay Meadows race track) is slated for redevelopment as described in San Mateo's Rail Corridor Transit-Oriented Development Plan.
Hayward Park includes a reverse curve in the tracks (curving right, then left). The northern curve at milepost 18.8 has a radius of just 1100 meters, good for about 95 mph. This curve made #5 on our list of Top Ten Worst Curves on the peninsula. While it was already flattened by shifting the tracks 20 feet westwards in the year 2000, this curve may need to be straightened some more so that high speed trains don't need to slow down as much in this area. This may not please residents of South Boulevard.
The Hayward Park Caltrain station was rebuilt in 2000 and moved slightly to the south of its former location. The original station provided convenient pedestrian access across the tracks at 16th Ave; the City is now considering a new pedestrian underpass at this location to restore the access that was lost after the move. The new Hayward Park station was built for three tracks, although it currently has only two tracks. The southbound platform already includes a cut (see photo at right) allowing it to be trimmed back to make room for a third passing track. Whatever the original intent of this configuration, the station will likely be entirely rebuilt when high speed rail comes through town.
The Route 92 overpass (actually two side-by-side bridges, seen in the background of the photo) provides ample clearance for four tracks.
The Hillsdale Caltrain station is already planned for relocation to the site of the former Bay Meadows station, and will be located between newly constructed grade separations at 28th and 31st avenues, connecting the west side of El Camino to the newly developed Bay Meadows area. The tracks will be elevated over 25th, 28th and 31st, linking up to the existing grade separation at Hillsdale Ave. These long-standing plans by the Caltrain JPB and the City are unlikely to be altered by the HSR project, except for quadruple tracking; for a detailed description, refer to Chapter 4 of San Mateo's Rail Corridor Plan. The resulting vertical profile is shown in the diagrams above.
South of Hillsdale, the frontage along the east side of El Camino Real is already owned by Caltrain, Samtrans or Union Pacific; while businesses on that narrow strip of land will likely be displaced, plenty of land is available for expansion of the tracks.
San Mateo promises to be one of the biggest design challenges on the peninsula. The CHSRA certainly has its work cut out for it, with a 50-foot right of way threaded through dense city blocks surrounded with residential neighborhoods, with a creek thrown in for good measure.
NOTE: This post will be updated continuously, as warranted by additional information or new events relating to San Mateo.


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-Model making product. Not a toy! Not suitable for children under 14 years!
-Produit pour le modélisme. Pas un jouet! Pas adapté aux enfants de moins de 14 ans!
-Producto para modelismo. No es un juguete! No adecuado para niños menores de 14 años!
From The Menufecture
Woodland Quality Brands is committed to manufacturing superior quality, safety-tested products. All of our modeling materials are evaluated by a Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) Approved Toxicologist to ensure they meet the standards for art materials set out by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) International, if applicable. "ASTM International, formerly known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), is a globally recognized leader in the development and delivery of international voluntary consensus standards. Today, some 12,000 ASTM standards are used around the world to improve product quality, enhance safety, facilitate market access and trade, and build consumer confidence." For more information about ASTM International, visit http://www.astm.org/ABOUT/overview.html.


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Allison Amend is out with her third book. It's a novel called "A Nearly Perfect Copy." It features richly detailed characters, including an art dealer gone bad, and it's set in both Paris and New York. Our review Alan Cheuse found it all quite delectable.
ALAN CHEUSE, BYLINE: Elmira, known as Elm Howells, works her expertise mainly about European drawings and paintings at a family art auction house in Manhattan. A great success at what she does, she's got what Allison Amend describes for us as the eye - a way of seeing through a painting or drawing, of gathering in an instant its myriad qualities, good or bad. So, Elm Howells knows how to tell a real work of art from a forgery. But all her expertise can't shield her from the pain of losing her young son in a natural disaster. In fact, it becomes her reason for going against everything she believes in as a professional and descending into the world of forgeries and copies of real art. Amend draws sharp characters: a couple in New York who hope to clone their dear-departed dog, a near-middle-age Spanish painter living in self-imposed exile in Paris, his scheming girlfriend, an unscrupulous art dealer. She creates a nicely evolving plot with New York and Paris as the settings. And what unfolds is acutely appealing: various characters struggling to overcome defeat and failure in their private and public lives against a backdrop filled with the particulars of middle-class family life and the art world here and abroad. I got caught up in their problems, their struggles. I loved the lore about the art business. Really, I found this to be a terrifically entertaining novel that never lost its hold on the hearts of its characters or mine. When I turn my eye on this, I see something quite real.
CORNISH: Reviewer Alan Cheuse with his take on Allison Amend's new novel, "A Nearly Perfect Copy."
CORNISH: You're listening to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Beginning April 30, the Netherlands will have a king.
Queen Beatrix announced in a nationally televised address today that after more than 30 years on the throne, she will abdicate in favor of Prince Willem-Alexander.
"Queen Beatrix is the sixth monarch from the House of Orange-Nassau, which has ruled the Netherlands since the early 19th Century.
"In recent decades it has become the tradition for the monarch to abdicate. Queen Beatrix's mother Juliana resigned the throne in 1980 on her 70th birthday, and her grandmother Wilhelmina abdicated in 1948 at the age of 68.
"Queen Beatrix will be 75 on Thursday."
Reuters reports that in the announcement, the queen said her 45-year-old son "was ready for the role."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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the roblox indycar experience 2 | image tagged in gifs,roblox,hide the pain harold | made w/ Imgflip video-to-gif maker
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The soldier who is believed to have killed three people in a shooting spree at Fort Hood, Texas, had argued with fellow soldiers over paperwork shortly before violence erupted Wednesday, according to numerous accounts.
Base commander Lt. Gen. Mark Milley said Friday that the mental state of Spc. Ivan A. Lopez was "not the direct precipitating factor" in the attack, as The Two-Way reported. But Milley also said there had been an "escalating argument" in Lopez's unit.
That dispute was evidently "over paperwork for a leave of absence," reports the local Killeen Daily Herald. Lopez had been receiving treatment for depression and was being evaluated for post-traumatic stress disorder.
From The Washington Post:
"Witnesses and relatives of the wounded said Lopez's fury was apparently sparked by a simple dispute over paperwork. They said the 34-year-old military truck driver became exasperated after he walked into a human-resources office Wednesday afternoon and asked for a leave-of-absence application, but was told to come back the next day.
"Lopez left, but returned moments later with a .45-caliber Smith & Wesson semiautomatic pistol and opened fire on soldiers in his unit, the 49th Transportation Battalion, killing two of them."
The soldier then left the office and continued his shooting rampage, officials say, before turning his weapon on himself. (As we reported Friday, an MP is credited with helping avoid further bloodshed by confronting Lopez.)
More than a dozen people were injured in the attack. Fort Hood plans to hold a memorial to the victims Wednesday, one week after a deadly shooting occurred at the Army base for the second time since 2009.
On Friday afternoon, Killeen residents took part in a walk and a vigil in honor of those affected.
"It's a way to show these families and those victims, or those that may be impacted by this tragedy, to show them that there really is a community backing them," walk organizer John Stasulli told local TV KXXV news.
The names of the deceased were released Friday. In a report for our Newscast unit, NPRs Jennifer Ludden reports that all the victims were men in their 30's who worked in Army transportation:
"All three had served in either Iraq or Afghanistan, which has added to the disbelief friends and family feel about their having died here in the U.S.
"Carlos Lazaney Rodriguez was from Puerto Rico, where his hometown mayor tells NBC he was planning to retire at the end of the year.
"In Illinois, friends tell local reporters the army transformed Timothy Owens, who went back and got his GED after enlisting.
"The third victim, Danny Ferguson, was engaged to another soldier. She tells WTSP that Ferguson was shot leaning against a door, trying to keep the shooter out of a room full of people."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.