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Sunday, March 11, 2012
Black and Tan Brownies
From the kitchen of One Perfect Bite...Margaret Johnson is the author of five books on Irish cooking, all of which can be found here. One of the many recipes she's developed is a brownie, called the Black and Tan. It's named after the British auxiliary forces that were sent to Ireland to suppress rebels after the 1916 Easter Rising. The reviled Black and Tan subdued the rebellion but in doing so, they fueled the spirit of the Irish Republican movement and the quest for Irish independence. Folk singers set the deeds of the British soldiers to music and eventually Irish pubs began to serve a drink, called the Black and Tan, which was made half with Harp Lager and half with Guinness Stout. Margaret Johnson loosely patterned her brownies after the famous draught. I had open a bottle of stout for another recipe and still had some remaining. Rather than let it go to waste, I decided to give this recipe a try. While most brownies are simple to make, these rich two-toned treats are a bit more involved. The end result is a moist dense confection that many will like. I hope you will try these and let me know what you think. There is nothing here not to like, the real question is will you like them enough to make them again. Here's the recipe.
Black and Tan Brownies...from the kitchen of One Perfect Bite first published by Margaret M. Johnson in The Irish Spirit
Tan layer
6 tablespoons unsalted butter, softened
1-1/2 cups packed light brown sugar
2 eggs
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
1 cup all-purpose flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
1/4 teaspoon salt
1 cup chopped pecans
Black layer
3 ounces (3 squares) unsweetened chocolate, finely chopped
4 tablespoons unsalted butter
1 cup granulated sugar
2 eggs
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
1 cup Guinness stout
1 cup all-purpose flour
1/4 teaspoon salt
1) Place one rack in lower third of oven. Place another rack in center. Preheat oven to 350 F. Spray a 13 x 9-inch baking pan with cooking spray.
2) To prepare tan layer: Combine butter and sugar in a medium bowl. Beat with a mixer at medium-high speed until light and fluffy. Beat in eggs and vanilla. With a wooden spoon, stir in flour, baking powder, salt and pecans. Spoon batter into prepared pan and spread evenly. Bake in lower third of oven 20 minutes. Remove from oven.
3) To make black layer: Place chocolate and butter in a microwave-safe bowl. Microwave on low 30 seconds. Stir. Repeat until chocolate is melted and smooth. Stir in sugar until well combined. Add eggs, vanilla and Guinness, stirring until well combined. Add flour and salt, whisking well to combine. Slowly pour mixture over partially baked tan layer.
4) Bake on center rack of oven for 25 minutes, or until a wooden pick inserted into center comes out almost clean. Remove from oven and let cool in pan on a wire rack before cutting into small squares. Yield: 16 to 32 brownies (depending on size).
One Year Ago Today: Double Chocolate Mint Brownies
Two Years Ago Today: Florentine Schiacciata - Carnival Cake
34 comments :
- Ginny Hartzler said...
These look good, but also look upside down! Your Carnival Cake below looks good, but when I click on it, I get the brownies.
- March 11, 2012 at 12:08 AM
- Angie's Recipes said...
Love the idea of two layers and the addition of stout...sounds and looks really amazing!
- March 11, 2012 at 12:29 AM
- Chiara said...
great idea for breakfast ! Mary please sign up again to my new blog with GOOGLEFRIENDCONNECT, I've lost all my contacts from the old blog...Thank you !have a good day, blessings....
- March 11, 2012 at 3:32 AM
- MissB said...
Omg!!! Love brownies so much!!! *.*
- March 11, 2012 at 3:49 AM
- Alessandra said...
What a story Mary, I didn't know it, and never seen a half lager half guinnes drink. And the brownies look yummy too!
Have a good Sunday
Alessandra - March 11, 2012 at 4:43 AM
- A Paixão da Isa said...
humm super ja comia um eles estao super bons adorei beijinhos e bom domingo
- March 11, 2012 at 5:41 AM
- Claire said...
I love your blog's mantra`a quest for (that) one perfect bite'. I cant wait to try this Black & Tan Brownies recipe! These brownies look precious and with that I must stick with the ingredients. Wish me luck!
- March 11, 2012 at 5:46 AM
- SImple and Serene Living said...
Mary. these sound delicious. I think my bookmarks are filling up with your recipes :)
- March 11, 2012 at 7:28 AM
- Becki's Whole Life said...
Yum! I have seen a few stout cake and brownie recipes and this sounds interesting, too.
- March 11, 2012 at 7:35 AM
- Diane said...
My mouth is watering..... Diane
- March 11, 2012 at 9:55 AM
- Gloria Baker said...
Mary what nice and delicious brownies, love brownies!!!
- March 11, 2012 at 11:25 AM
- Valerie Harrison (bellini) said...
I think I would like them enough to make them again Mary.
- March 11, 2012 at 12:18 PM
- Shug said...
These look good enough for me to take to a church function tonight! I think I had better get busy....
shug - March 11, 2012 at 2:27 PM
- Unknown said...
Good call not letting that stout go to waste! These brownies are gorgeous!
- March 11, 2012 at 5:15 PM
- Hayley said...
mothwatering brownies :-)
- March 11, 2012 at 5:35 PM
- annie@mostlovelythings said...
These look so good and sound very interesting. I know someone that would love these! I'll be making a batch and sending them to the Bronx-my nephew at Fordham.
annie - March 11, 2012 at 5:46 PM
- Ailyn said...
Love this brownies...the photo and the combination of flavors, thank you!
- March 11, 2012 at 7:38 PM
- tender b. said...
Nice...I have some guiness that needs used and this seems like the perfect ending for it.
- March 11, 2012 at 8:24 PM
- Jeannie said...
Stout in brownies! how cool is that? the boys will go for it:D I love the double chocolate mint recipe more:D
- March 11, 2012 at 8:40 PM
- Joanne said...
It's almost like I KNEW you were going to post these because I have guinness sitting on my counter right now! Love the double layers.
- March 11, 2012 at 8:43 PM
- Cooking Creation said...
Oh, my! These look divine!
- March 11, 2012 at 8:56 PM
- Karen (Back Road Journal) said...
I always enjoy stopping by, Mary. I come away with a wonderful recipe but also some new knowledge. Thank you!
- March 11, 2012 at 9:14 PM
- teresa said...
oh my goodness, i love these brownies, they look delicious and perfect for the holiday :)
- March 11, 2012 at 9:23 PM
- Nina said...
These look soooo good. Great idea too:)
- March 11, 2012 at 9:44 PM
- Valerie Gamine said...
Mary, these brownies look irresistible!
- March 11, 2012 at 9:48 PM
- The Harried Cook said...
These look really great! I love the upside-down layers... I love the sound of the flavors! thanks for sharing :)
- March 11, 2012 at 10:24 PM
- Kim said...
I love the drink... Love these brownies too!
- March 12, 2012 at 7:51 AM
- Unknown said...
Oooohh.. these look amazing, Mary! I made Guinness cookies this weekend, but these blow those away!!!
- March 12, 2012 at 8:28 AM
- Claudia said...
I did not know the history behind the black and tan drink (which we loving drink once in a while). Love taking that idea and transforming it into a sweet. Saving (as usual) for the lovely Irish day.
- March 12, 2012 at 11:21 AM
- Jennifer Kendall said...
these sound delicious! i just adore brownies!
- March 12, 2012 at 2:18 PM
- France@beyondthepeel said...
There's something about Guiness or stout that pairs so perfectly with chocolate. I bookmarked these fo rthe next time I have some guiness hanging around.
- March 12, 2012 at 9:07 PM
- tinyskillet said...
This sounds like a perfect brownie, yum so good!
- March 12, 2012 at 9:21 PM
- Life's a shoe said...
oh wow my mouth is watering already at the pictures! they look so good!
- March 12, 2012 at 10:40 PM
Oh, My. I usually ignore St. Patrick's Day guiness-based recipes, because I don't stock it in the house & just don't want to shop for another rare ingredient. But I spent 3 months in Ireland, and a Black & Tan was my favorite pub drink. It brings back so many fond memories, I might break my rule & make these!
- March 16, 2012 at 11:57 AM


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on this little blog, to share & encourage...so here we go!
this room was originally a formal living room used formally by the previous owners of the house :)
we're not really a formal family so it was mainly the room that held the tools & paint
(or misc. craft projects:) while we renovated the rest of the house...
hubby made this huge 8'x4' island from scratch :) with my dad...
i wanted to have a place to lay out yardage (and a place to have craft night with the girls ♥)
it also makes for a lot of storage underneath...
big baskets with yarn, batting, and projects in the works...
my idea for the island is to write out some sections from Prov.31 over the entire top
these shelves are the plain white cheapies from Target, that we got super cheapie during back to school/college time...the crown molding (top and in between each shelf to hide the seams) & arches were added then painted all gray
just a few close-ups of supplies ♥
old mason jars i found at a rummage sale in an old church last summer...
i ♥ rummage sales in old churches
this little birdcage houses vintage pillowcases ♥
yellow spray paint + lace trim + a little birdie = cuteness ♥
...an old nails & screws organizer sorts embroidery floss...
simple boxes covered in brown paper
strips of fabric ruffled on my sewing machine got hot glued on each bin...
these are all still in need of labels so i remember what's where ...
my stash ♥ i can't wait to dive into these and make stuff :)
(that cute little printable banner is from ♥here)
the larger bins on top hold patterns, notions and some other things...
these too should be labeled, or maybe numbered?
table skirt was made from a shower curtain from TJ Maxx
a cornice over the window is in the same print
thread storage from an old typesetting box
i could do a whole separate post for all the inspiration!
if you scoot over to my pinterest boards, you'll see the "studio" board
with most of the ideas i applied in my space, i bet you can pick out a bunch of 'em :)
so my to do list for this room still has a few things on it
1. stencil & finish table top
2. label & number bins
3. put some cute stuff on the light fixtures
4. make covers for sewing machine & serger
...but it's all fun stuff!
i'm also dreaming about what to put in my little etsy shop...
i want to fill it to the brim with lots of Sugar n' Spice ♥
you can see how empty is it by clicking on the the link in the sidebar :(
i have a ton of ideas rolling around in my head! just want to choose the best ones...
that's my little world of crafting goodness ♥
hope you like it! come back and make stuff with me :)
Sweet Little Gals
Sew Much Ado
Tatertots & Jello
Under the Table & Dreaming
Funky Junk Interiors
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WASHINGTON – U.S. Helsinki Commission Chairman Rep. Chris Smith (NJ-04) released the following statement on the tragic one-year anniversary of the bloody December 19, 2010 election-night crackdown in Belarus, which swept up more than 700 opposition supporters who dared to challenge the rule of Belarusian dictator Alexander Lukashenka.
"The last year has been an awful one for the Belarusian people. The tactics employed on the infamous night of December 19, 2010 and afterwards confirm the nature of Lukashenka's rule – a dictatorship that perpetuates a pervasive climate of fear to squelch dissent. In the past year the dictator has undertaken repressive measures on a scale and of a brutality which has not been seen in Europe for more than a decade. These have included the torture of presidential candidates, such as Ales Mikhalevich who recently testified before the Helsinki Commission (link), and other democratic activists. Over the past year, pressure on civil society and on the independent media has been unrelenting. Meanwhile, the economic situation has deteriorated, causing suffering for all Belarusans."
"It is high time to hold Lukashenka and his henchmen accountable for their reprehensible, despicable treatment of those who defend human rights and struggle for their country's freedom. On this sad anniversary, we reiterate our demand for the immediate and unconditional release of Andrei Sannikov, Mikalai Statkevich, Zmitser Bondarenka, Zmitser Dashkevich, Ales Bialatski and others imprisoned for exercising their fundamental rights. We call upon Mr. Lukashenka to immediately cease his campaign of repression and allow civil society to freely function, including human rights defenders, defense attorneys and independent journalists."


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Before heading to Florida for his 50th season in professional baseball, Jim Leyland thought about all the deals that were made since he walked off the field as the World Series ended last October.
"Toronto probably was the big boy in the offseason as far as the moves they made," the Detroit Tigers manager said. "That's going to be just one heck of a division, obviously. Toronto, they actually were my sleeper team last year until they had all those injuries to the pitching staff."
From Joker Marchant Stadium in Lakeland, Fla., to HoHoKam Park in Mesa, Ariz., bats and balls will be broken out next week when teams report for spring training — extra early because of the third World Baseball Classic. For an offseason with a lackluster free-agent market, a whole lot of movement took place.
While the Los Angeles Dodgers and Angels flashed their cash, putting Zack Greinke in Dodger blue and Josh Hamilton in Orange County red, Toronto general manager Alex Anthopoulos flipped players in the trade market as if they were baseball cards.
NL Cy Young Award winner R.A. Dickey was acquired from the Mets, and 2011 NL batting champion Jose Reyes arrived with pitchers Mark Buehrle and Josh Johnson from Miami, which seemed to jettison virtually every veteran other than mascot Billy the Marlin.
"There's pressure to win for everybody," said manager John Gibbons, back running the Blue Jays' dugout for the first time since 2008. "It's survival of franchises. They've got to win sooner or later. That forces some teams to do some things if you're going to keep up."
Players and fans are looking forward to sun in Florida and Arizona over the next 1½ months, with the exhibition schedule starting Feb. 21 when the Boston Red Sox host Northeastern University at Fort Myers, Fla. But the cloud of drugs remains over the game. Alex Rodriguez, Gio Gonzalez and others were alleged to have obtained substances on baseball's banned list from a Florida clinic, charges the players denied.
Who did what will take months to sort out, perhaps years. Teams are more focused on the now.
The Atlanta Braves, minus retired star Chipper Jones, were busy this winter bringing in brothers B.J. and Justin Upton to play alongside each other in a stacked outfield.
The Washington Nationals, who brought postseason baseball to the nation's capital last year for the first time since 1933, look primed for a run at the World Series. They re-signed Adam LaRoche and added Dan Haren, Denard Span and Rafael Soriano to a deep and talented roster highlighted by young phenoms Stephen Strasburg and Bryce Harper.
At the other end of the spectrum, Houston, which hosts Texas in the March 31 major league opener, stripped down as it moved into the American League and left itself with just five players on the big league roster who have three seasons or more in the majors.
With a payroll in the $25 million range — less than Rodriguez alone will earn — the Astros could become the first team to get the top draft pick for three straight years. They also could become just the second team, according to STATS, to lose 106 or more games in three consecutive seasons. The 1962-65 New York Mets are the other.
"I'm optimistic. I think we're going to have a much better year than people think, and I don't think it has anything to do with payroll," general manager Jeff Luhnow said. "I think it has to do with the coaching staff that we have and the young players that have a tremendous amount of upside."
Spending doesn't always work. Exhibit A is the Miami Marlins.
Moving into their new ballpark last spring, the Marlins thought they had a good chance to win the World Series for the first time since 2003. Showtime even followed the team around for a reality series, "The Franchise."
But Miami skidded out of contention, stars were traded, the TV show was cut short an episode early and manager Ozzie Guillen was fired after one season. A payroll that bulked up to about $97 million last April was sliced in half, leading to harsh criticism of owner Jeffrey Loria.
"It's not a lot of fun," Marlins president of baseball operations Larry Beinfest said.
Merriment was found on the other coast.
The San Francisco Giants had the most convivial offseason after sweeping Detroit to win their second World Series title in three seasons following a 56-year drought. San Francisco kept its core together, re-signing outfielder Angel Pagan, infielder Marco Scutaro and left-hander Jeremy Affeldt for a combined $78 million.
"We're very proud that our players want to return and we can embrace them," Giants President Larry Baer said. "It's also comforting that so many players are returning by virtue of youth and not for free agency. So, yes, I'm very appreciative in a world of lots of movement in pro sports that we can essentially stay together."
Ineffectual franchises searched for someone to guide them to success. Gibbons is among six new managers in the majors, joined by Boston's John Farrell, Cleveland's Terry Francona, Colorado's Walt Weiss, Houston's Bo Porter and Miami's Mike Redmond.
Weiss is making the rare switch from high school coach to major league manager, leaving Regis Jesuit High School in Aurora, Colo., for Coors Field.
"There is no question the pink elephant in the room is I haven't done this before," he said. "This is a job that I'm going to have to figure out on the fly."
Entering his third season as Dodgers manager, Don Mattingly will be expected to at least lead Los Angeles to its first postseason appearance since 2009. The Dodgers, without a World Series crown since 1988, have boosted their payroll to $215 million-plus and could end the New York Yankees' streak of 14 years as baseball's biggest spender.
In the Dodgers' first full season since they were bought by a group that includes Mark Walter, Magic Johnson and Stan Kasten, they are likely to join the Yankees in paying the luxury tax.
"We're not messing around," Johnson said. "We're not talking about it, we're doing it."
Down Interstate-5, the Angels gave Hamilton the biggest free-agent deal of the offseason for a position player, a $125 million, five-year contract that puts him in a batting order that already included Albert Pujols and Mike Trout. The Angels, who also could be near or above the $178 million tax threshold, hope the signing ends a streak of three seasons without playoff ball and lifts them above Texas and Oakland in the AL West.
"It was a great investment," Angels owner Arte Moreno said.
Oakland won the division despite baseball's lowest payroll at $59.5 million and came within a victory of reaching the AL championship series.
"My expectations are the same as last year. We're going to compete hard and expect to win," said Bob Melvin, voted AL Manager of the Year. "We'll have that much more confidence coming into spring training."
With the downtrodden Astros joining the AL West, the Angels, Rangers and Athletics could pick up wins that will help them in the race for the two wild-card berths at the expense of the East and Central.
The Yankees, wanting to get under the $189 million tax threshold in 2014, allowed Nick Swisher, Raul Ibanez, Russell Martin and Eric Chavez to leave as free agents — they totaled 80 of New York's team-record 245 home runs. Rodriguez is likely to miss at least the first half of the season following hip surgery.
Kevin Youkilis and Travis Hafner were the major offensive additions after the Yankees spent their efforts and money to re-sign Hiroki Kuroda, Andy Pettitte, Mariano Rivera and Ichiro Suzuki.
"The last couple years everyone said that we hit too many home runs. Now they're wondering where the home runs are going to come from," manager Joe Girardi said. "Other guys are just going to have to get the job done. And maybe it's not with the home run this year. Maybe it's with a little bit more speed and maybe it's more gap to gap."
After finishing with their worst record since 1965, the Red Sox replaced manager Bobby Valentine. Boston jettisoned Carl Crawford, Adrian Gonzalez and Josh Beckett in a trade with the Dodgers last summer that eliminated more than $250 million in future obligations, then obtained closer Joel Hanrahan from Pittsburgh and signed Ryan Dempster, Jonny Gomes, Shane Victorino, Mike Napoli and Stephen Drew.
"Coming off a 93-loss season," general manager Ben Cherington said, "we've got a lot to prove. We're trying to build something."
AP Baseball Writer Janie McCauley, AP Sports Writers Jimmy Golen and Beth Harris and AP freelance writer Ian Harrison contributed to this report.


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The news that China's Foreign Ministry now says legal activist Chen Guangcheng can apply to study abroad could be an "elegant solution [of] a really difficult diplomatic problem," NPR's Louisa Lim reported earlier onMorning Edition.
Chen has "a letter of invitation" from New York University, she says.
But, as Louisa also said, "it's really very difficult to know what's going on. The way the Chinese government makes decision is something that is not at all transparent. ... We don't know what will happen down the line."
Chen, as we've been reporting, has been harassed, arrested and beaten in the past because of his activism on the issue of forced abortions. On April 22, he escaped from house arrest and ended up finding shelter at the U.S. embassy in Beijing.
Wednesday, Chen left the embassy for medical treatment after getting what U.S. officials said were assurances from Chinese authorities that he would be allowed to live freely and take up legal studies. Within hours, though, Chen was pleading to be allowed to go to the U.S. — saying that he feared for his and his family's safety. His plight has overshadowed Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton's visit to China and has prompted criticism of the Obama administration's handling of Chen's case.
Chen, who is blind and is most often seen wearing sunglasses, has inspired an online "Dark Glasses" campaign to call attention to his plight.
Earlier today:
"Chen said he wanted to travel to the United States, but only temporarily, perhaps to study. 'It's not a one-time-only decision,' Chen told The Washington Post from his hospital room. 'It doesn't mean I won't come back. As a free person, I believe I am endowed with the right to leave China when I want to and come back anytime I want.' "
Update at 8:15 a.m. ET. Clinton Is Encouraged.
NPR's Michele Kelemen, who among the reporters traveling with Secretary Clinton, tells our Newscast Desk that:
"Secretary of State Clinton says that U.S. embassy staff met with Chen at the hospital where he's been since he left the U.S. embassy. He now wants to go to the U.S. to pursue his studies, she says, adding that she's encouraged by the official Chinese statement that he can apply to travel abroad.
" 'Progress has been made to help him have the future he wants and we will stay in touch with him as this process moves forward,' Clinton said."
And State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland says in an email to reporters, Michele adds, that:
"The Chinese government has indicated that it will accept Mr. Chen's applications for appropriate travel documents. The United States government expects that the Chinese government will expeditiously process his applications for these documents, and make accommodations for his current medical condition. The United States government would then give visa requests for him and his immediate family priority attention."
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This right applies if we have no further use for your data, if you rescind your consent for processing particular categories of your data, or if you oppose the manner in which we process your data.
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This right applies when:
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Additionally, you have the absolute legal right to oppose our processing of your data if we are doing it for the purposes of direct marketing.
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Where we process your personal data with consent as our legal basis for processing, e.g. for direct marketing, you have the right to withdraw that consent at any time. We provide opt-out instructions in our communications.
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text:
Tu Manzil Meri Urdu Novel By Aiman Sagheer Download. Natural Health Tips in Urdu and Online Digest. Get Daily Health Tips Urdu Recipes Free Urdu Digests and Any more Tips. Find Easy Pakistani Indian and Chinese Recipes in Urdu
Urdu Digests, Magazines, Jasoosi Novels, Social Books, Urdu Novels, Educational Books, Khaufnak Novels, All Kind of Urdu Books
Tu Manzil Meri Urdu Novel
Latest Episode Famous Urdu:
Urdu books Are available in PDF. I trust Like You This Month Digest. This book is easily downloaded in HD quality. We have scanned all the pages and converted them into a single PDF file to share with our visitors.
Select the Appropriate Size According to your Internet speed or your choice. All qualities are readable. This book is also available for download by Any File. Floods simply contain books in pdf.
- Share this post on social media such. Offer this publication means, for example, Facebook, Twitter
- Always be supportive.
- This publication Share everything finished, at any stage
- This Link Available By any Time.
- Type Comment Here New Request any Tips
نئی بکس اردوناولز کے لئےاپنی راءے ضرور دیں شکریہ


text:
Yallingup, located in Western Australia, provides the backdrop for the creation of Creatures. Yallingup is a prime surfing spot with waves that rival the mighty waves of Hawaii. In the 1970's, John Malloy traveled to Yallingup to experience the superior surf. After many years in Yallingup, Malloy and a friend created the first urethane leash which withstood the strong, Yallingup waves.
The creation of the urethane leash was only the beginning. Soon, Malloy and his friend created a line of great surfing products. Each product is thoroughly tested in the water by the staff of Creatures, sponsored riders, and members of their international surf team. Creatures continues to utilize the very best materials to create durable surfing accessories to satisfy customers.


text:
RU:Начало в Генеалогии
Как мне начать в Генеалогии, используя Gramps?
Если Вы только начинаете свою генеалогию, лучше начать с себя и добавлять других людей, соединяя их с Вами.
Одной из самых важных вещей в генеалогии является то, что Вы записываете, как и где Вы нашли / получили информацию. Это называется источником. Это настолько важно потому, что позже Вам понадобится эта информации или Вы захотите обратиться к ней. Наличие источника у Вашей информации также создаст доверие к ней у других исследователей.
Таким образом, если Вы начинаете с себя, Вы сами проводите собеседование, что является основным источником информации по этому вопросу. Из этого первоисточника Вы получаете такие события, как день рождения, день крещения, выпускной и так далее. Источник событий позволяет Вам вычислить существовавшего человека как часть семьи.
Таким образом, у нас есть наши основные термины для генеалогии: Источники, События, Люди и Семьи. Помимо этого, Gramps позволяет хранить Заметки, Места, Медиа (фотографии, фильмы, документы) и Хранилища.
Итак, давайте начнем с добавления информации в Gramps.
Создать Семейное древо
Здесь предполагается, что Вы только что установили Gramps и запускаете свое первое семейное дерево.
В качестве первого шага запустите Gramps.
Значок "Управление базами данных" Менеджера генеалогических деревьев под названием «Семейные древа - Gramps» будет отображаться на панели инструментов. Щёлкните значок генеалогического дерева, чтобы открыть менеджер семейных деревьев.
В всплывающем окне менеджера генеалогических деревьев нажмите кнопку Создать (справа). Теперь в столбце "Название семейного древа» (слева) введите имя для своего дерева и нажмите кнопку Загрузить семейное древо (внизу справа). Gramps теперь откроется вместе с Вашим недавно созданным деревом.
Создание нового семейного древа
Главная страница Gramps разделена на отдельные панели: панель инструментов в верхней части, левая боковая панель (навигатор), позволяющая перемещаться по различным представлениям Ваших данных, область просмотра, в которой отображаются данные (в центре), и правая боковая панель (боковая панель) и нижняя панель (Bottombar), которая может быть использована для Gramplets, (о Gramplets рассказано позже). Большинство из этих панелей можно включить или выключить, перейдя к слову "Вид" в верхней части окна и отметив (вкл) или сняв флажок (выключить) вид.
Create a Source
As you start with yourself, and the source is the interview with yourself, in the left sidebar called Navigator click on the source icon . In the toolbar click on Add (or CTRL+INSERT on the keyboard) to open the source editor.
Assuming your name is John Doe, you now make a source for the interview with yourself! So enter:
- Title: Interview with John Doe
- Author: John Doe
And click on OK.
That is it, your first source. In the Source(list)view you will see your new source listed and that the entry has ID number that is unique to your source.
Add data to the source
This article's content is incomplete or a placeholder stub. |
(Ver. 3.3.1-1)
Before you begin, you should know that Gramps does not store your media(pictures, videos, sounds, and documents etc..), it only stores a link to where the media is on your hard disk. So decide where you will store your pictures, videos, sounds, and documents. Then on the menu bar select Edit->Preferences and the General tab. Set the value of Base path for relative media paths to this directory. Click on the Close button to save your changes. Keep your media documents well structured in this directory.
Now let's continue with adding some more data to the source. Double click on it (or press ↵ Enter) to open the source 'Interview with John Doe'. Look at the tab pages at the bottom of the source editor: Notes, Gallery, Data, Repositories, References. Surely you have a picture of yourself! Let's add it to the Gallery of this source.
Click on the Gallery tab, and then on the little Add icon just below the Notes tab. This opens a dialog to select the image of yourself. At the bottom of this dialog is a box Title: to set a nice title such as 'Picture of John Doe'. Entering a title does not change the file name. Make sure you select 'Convert to a relative path'. Press OK. You will now see the Media Reference Editor. The top of this dialog allows to select a region of the picture, eg when you have selected a group photo, it makes sense to indicate who on the photo is John Doe. You can use the mouse in the preview picture to select the part of the picture of interest (click down is corner 1 and click release is corner 2). Click OK to save the image and go back to the source editor you were working on.
Suppose you have a typed-out text of the interview. In that case you can add the textual document (odt, doc, rtf, etc ...) in the Gallery, but you can also store the text as a Note in Gramps. The good thing about using a note is that Gramps can search the text of notes with filters. So, click on the Notes tab, click the Add icon, and you are presented with a basic editor that you can type or paste text into.
When finished, press OK on the source editor, and your source 'Interview with John Doe' now has also a note and picture.
To see these, you would have to open the editor again. However, Gramps has a bottom pane that can show you information on the selected entry in the source view. For that, activate in the menu View the Bottombar. You will see a number of tabs which allow to show information. The elements showing information are called Gramplets in Gramps. Gramplets are small plugins that can perform all kinds of tasks. You can add one to the bottombar by using right-click with the mouse on the bottombar next to the tabs.
Time for your first Person
(Ver. 3.3.1-1)
So much done, and not yet one single person is present in your family tree! Time to change that. Let's add yourself. As all information you will add comes from the source 'Interview with John Doe', we first store this in an easy to reach place. In the toolbar click on the Clipboard icon to open the clipboard. Drag and drop, from the source view, the source 'Interview with John Doe', into the Clipboard. Your source is now stored in the Clipboard and this window can be closed.
In the Navigator, click on the Person icon to see the person view. Note that on the Toolbar there is a pressed-in button (3rd button from the right) indicating the type of person view you have activated. Try the other possibility once to see what changes. Many Categories in the Navigator have more than one view!
Click now on the Add button on the Toolbar to add your first person. You now see the person editor, and the top part of this should be what you expect: all information about the name of this person. So, type in your given name, and your surname. If you are eg. Spanish and have a very long surname, then click on the Add icon after the surname to enter multiple surnames. See the manual for more details. Now select your Gender.
As you enter data, you need to add where you obtained this data (Source). For this, click on the Sources tab, then open the Clipboard from the Toolbar, drag the source you stored in the clipboard, into the area under ID |Title | Auth | Page of the Person Editor. This will open up the 'Source Reference Editor'. The bottom part of this editor is the same source as already entered, but the top part is new, and contains the data on how the information of the person was found in this source and how certain you are of it. For this interview you can set Confidence to Very High.
You already have a picture of yourself, as you added it to the source. You can now add this same picture to this Person record you are creating. For this, click on the Gallery tab of the person editor, and click on the Share button. This will open a list of all media objects. Select the one you made earlier and click OK to store everything. You could also have used the clipboard: or by adding the picture there from the media view, or by adding the media reference in the clipboard by dragging it from the gallery of an object to the clipboard, and then using it from there where you need it.
Save everything by clicking OK until you see the main Gramps view again.
(Ver. 3.3.1-1)
Next, you will want to add your birthday. For this, open the person editor of yourself, by double clicking on your name. Note that the Events tab is open. Click on the Add icon to add an event. Gramps preselects the birth event for the first event that you want to add. Enter your birth date as: (12/31/1900 - Month/Day/Year) or (1 Jan 1900 - Day Month Year). If you use Day Month Year, the Month must be entered with the first 3 letters only or it must be spelled out completely.
You can also click on the Calendar button on the right. This window allows you to select the Day Month and Year with a drop-down menu. When using this make sure that the Quality is set to Regular and Type is also set to Regular. After entering your birth date in the calendar window, click on OK to save it.
Next, because you have no Places in your database you need to create one. Knowing the place where you were born, click on the Add icon after the Place entry to create this place. Enter places as City/Town, Township, County, State, Country or any combination of these. Such as Germantown, German Township (Twp), Montgomery County (Co.), Ohio, USA. Being consistent when adding places will be helpful later when you can select these from the Select an existing place icon. Adding latitude and longitude will allow these places to be positioned on a map later.
Don't forget to Source this. Click the Source tab, open the Clipboard, drag and drop your source, select the Confidence level, and save both the Source and then the new place with the OK buttons.
Note that the editor that has been open is the Event Reference Editor. This means that there is a global part that you can share with other people (the bottom of the editor), and a top part which is unique to the person. This top part is used to enter the Role of the person in the event. In your own birth, you have the primary role. If you know the name of people helping in the birth, and you want to store these people also, you can share this event with them, with a Role of Aide. You can type a custom role in the Role field if you are not happy with the predefined possibilities.
Again, add a source to the event via the Sources tab, like you did before. As you have no real recollection of your own birth, the interview should not have confidence 'Very High'! You would need to add a birth document as source for that.
When done, click OK to save the event, and then again to save the person, and you have your first full person record.
You now have entered yourself, time to add your parents. You could add your father and mother as you added yourself, and then connect them in a family, but most people will do things in one go via the Relationship View or the Pedigree View. Let's go to the Relationship view: select yourself in the person view, and then in the navigator, select the relationship view. This view has a toolbar that allows to add parents or to add a spouse. Click on the Add parents icon to open the family editor.
In the family editor you will see that you are present in the Children tab. Use the Add icon next to father and mother to add them as you have added yourself. Use the Add icon in the Children tab to add your siblings. You need to use drag-and-drop to sort siblings in the order as you want them to appear in reports (normally oldest to youngest I suppose).
In the family editor you can also add events. We call these family events as they are shared by the two parents. Typically this is Engagement, Marriage, .... In these the Role is 'Family'. It is not needed to add these events also individually to the two parents!
When done, click OK to save the family, and you will return to the relationship view with all the extra information visible. From within this view you can navigate to other people and keep enlarging your family tree.
A report
Now that you have a first small family tree, make a report. Go to the oldest grandparent you have in the relationship view or the person view (you can set bookmarks on people and set a home person!). With this person selected, go in the menu Reports->Text Reports->Detailed Descendant Report, to create a nice textual descendant report.
What next?
Gramps has many features, as you improve, take the time to go over the user manual and learn more. Join and use the mailing list to discuss issues.
We advise everyone to read the manual to learn all about using Gramps. Genealogy takes time, so learning the tools is not wasted time.
However, if you really want the bare minimum to start, then read this:
Gramps 3.2.5
Screencast for the older Gramps 3.2.5.
- Gramps 3.2.5: Edit family (parents, children, siblings) from Pedigree View
- Gramps 3.2.5: Add family (parents, children, siblings) from Pedigree View
See also
Related articles.


text:
Melany Lane
Melany Lane is a flourishy script based on traditional letterforms, but with the added quirks and warmth of hand-drawn type. The base character set has traditionally connected letters and an expressive charm. Contextual alternates add flair with unconnected letters and additional contour options. Mix in swash and stylistic alternates for extra funkiness and fun.
Melany Lane features regular and bold versions, 118 eclectic ornaments (also in regular and bold), and a set of 14 seamless background patterns. It includes over 1300 glyphs and 364 ligatures that create interesting letter combinations and fix overlapping letter pairs. Opentype features including contextual alternates, swash, stylistic sets, ligatures, initial and terminal forms and old-style figures. It performs best with opentype friendly applications.
Type some inspired colloquialisms with abundant verve here.


text:
Free MapInfo utility to upload business/map data to RDBMS.
EasyLoader v9.5.1
EasyLoader v9.5.1
Additional Resources
Submit your innovative ideas around Software & Data Solutions existing and future software & data offerings
Online Forums
Connect with other users and discuss topics around your Software & Data Solution
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Find Support by Product
Find your product to access Product Documentation & Knowledge articles
Precisely Data Experience
Precisely is the global leader in data integrity. No single data provider possesses the combined experience, ability and product catalog of Precisely
Precisely APIs
Enrich your data, and enhance your applications, business processes and workflows with dozens of powerful location & identity APIs
MapInfo Marketplace
Find new tools and utilities that will make MapInfo Pro better than ever!
Product Downloads
Our Download area contains an extensive portfolio of product evaluations, upgrades and updates, utilities and more
Software Maintenance Handbook
The Software Maintenance Handbook offers detailed information on the many support options available to you


text:
Crocheted African Flower Pincushion Tutorial
Carry on around the circle, making 2 trebles, chaining 1 and then 2 more trebles into each space around the circle, then make a slip stitch into the top of the first chain of 3 that you made at the beginning of the round.
If you'd like to, break off the yarn and attach a new colour into a chain space at this point. (Some people prefer to keep the same colour for this round to make more of a petal shape.) Then chain 3.
Remember if you just want the written instructions for easy reference next time, the links are at the top of the page.
I hope you enjoyed making your little pincushion and if you have any questions or spot any boo-boo's, do let me know.
Why not come and share your creations with us in Cherry Heart's Cozy Corner, my Ravelry group. It's a great place to go if you've got any questions too!


text:
Print this page
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Your current search criteria is: Artist/Maker is "Oscar Jay Gillespie".
The information found on this site is updated regularly. Therefore, all content is subject to revision. This database is for educational use and information; its content may not be reproduced without the permission of the copyright holder(s). Unless otherwise indicated, the content of the site is © 2020 Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts. All rights reserved. Certain images used on the site are made available in small size and/or in low resolution due to restrictions imposed by Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts licensors or otherwise in deference to certain third-party intellectual property rights.
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Last updated: 06/12/2024


text:
from Cha Sin Jeon- A Chronicle of the Spirit of Tea, a copy of Zhang Poyuan Chalu recorded by Cho Ui, translated in Korea Tea Classics
Those who do not have a copy of Korean Tea Classics do please follow along and participate by referencing a different English translation available here from The Leaf.
This tea classic will be covered one section a week which will go on for 24 weeks. Feel free to jump in with your commentary at anytime.


text:
Hook up with real girls posting on social media dating sites
Here's a great gallery of actual photos uploaded on a new social media dating site – SocialSex.com. They're basically just like the photos we're seeing hotties posting all over the popular social media sites as girls try real hard to look sexy, except here they have a much clearer agenda. Check it out and see of you can hook up tonight!
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text:
When a reporter asked Reince Priebus Tuesday if Republicans would respond to a question about any issue by somehow directing the conversation back to the Affordable Care Act, the Republican National Committee chairman answered tongue-in-cheek.
"The answer is Obamacare," he said. "No, I'm just kidding."
Well, yes and no. The ACA is the definitely the gift that keeps giving as far as national Republicans are concerned. That's why Priebus made his playful remark on a teleconference to announce new GOP radio ads targeting several Senate Democrats and House members who echoed President Obama's infamous promise that, under the ACA, people could keep health care plans they liked.
"I don't think when you're talking about something that takes up a sixth of the U.S. economy and something that has been as dramatically misrepresented to the American people and something that's affecting everybody in their mailbox and in their lives, it's not possible for this not to be the number one issue going into the 2014 elections. It's just not.
"We're not talking about a car registration fee," Priebus added. "We're talking about people's health care, losing their doctors and their insurance. It's polling right now, in some of our polls, it's tied with the question of the economy."
The radio ads, which Priebus said will be aired in 40 markets, are meant to hit congressional Democrats in their ACA weak spot. And they contain quite a punch.
A woman's voice in one ad urges listeners to make it their new year's resolution to "keep Sen. Mary Landrieu honest in 2014." The voice says: "President Obama and Sen. Landrieu said if you like your insurance plan, you can keep it under Obamacare. They lied to you big-time. Politifact called that the 'Lie of the Year.'" Ouch.
Justin Barasky, the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee's national press secretary, poohed poohed the ads in a tweet. "RNC radio 'ads' are nothing more than an expensive press release.@seanspicer could fund the entire buy with his lunch money," he tweeted, referring to the RNC's communications director.
The ads are meant to soften up vulnerable Democrats early on, in advance of the onslaught that will happen closer to November, Priebus said.
The other targeted Democrats include three senators who, like Landrieu, are viewed as the Senate's most endangered species — those representing states Obama lost in 2012: Mark Begich of Alaska, Mark Pryor of Arkansas and Kay Hagan of North Carolina.
A few Senate Democrats who aren't quite so endangered were also targeted: Jeanne Shaheen of New Hampshire, Jeff Merkley of Oregon and Mark Warner of Virginia.
House Democrats skewered by the ads include two who are running for the Senate — Bruce Braley of Iowa and Gary Peters of Michigan — as well as Tim Bishop of New York and Nick Rahall of West Virginia.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Usage Scenarios
From Linux-VServer
For many people, virtual server may look like a great toy: Very high geekness factor. It looks cool, but probably not for everyone. Wrong!
The primary goal of this project is to create virtual servers sharing the same machine. A virtual server operates like a normal Linux server. It runs normal services such as ssh, mail, web and database servers.
Contents |
Consolidation and Separation
As the hardware evolves, it is tempting to put more and more tasks on a server. Though Linux could reliably handle it, at some point, you will end up with too much stuff and people fiddling in the same box that you worry about updating things. Additionally, separating different or similar services which otherwise would interfere with each other, either because they are poorly designed or because they are simply incapable of peaceful coexistence for whatever reason, may often be complex or even impossible.
The Linux-VServer project addresses this issue. The same box is able to run multiple virtual servers and each one does the job it is supposed to do. If you need to upgrade to PHP 5 for a given project, you can do so, and only that one project is affected.
Also, you can give the root password of a virtual server to an administrator for that virtual server and he/she will be able to perform updates, restart services and so on without having to know about every other project hosted on the same server. This allows a clever provider to sell Virtual Private Servers, which uses less resources than other virtualization techniques, which in turn allows to put more units on a single machine.
The list of providers doing so is relatively long, and so this is rightfully considered the main area of application. See VServer Hosting for a (probably incomplete) list of companies providing Virtual Private Servers based on the Linux-VServer technology.
Enhancing Security
While it can be interesting to run several virtual servers in one box, there is one concept potentially more generally useful. Imagine a physical server running a single virtual server. The goal is isolate the main environment from any service, any network. You boot in the main environment, start very few services and then continue in the virtual server.
The service in the main environment would be:
- Unreachable from the network.
- Able to log messages from the virtual server in a secure way. The virtual server would be unable to change/erase the logs. Even a cracked virtual server would not be able to edit the log.
- Able to run intrusion detection facilities, potentially spying the state of the virtual server without being accessible or noticed. For example, tripwire could run there and it would be impossible to circumvent its operation or trick it.
Another option is to put the firewall in a virtual server, and pull in the DMZ, containing each service in a separate VPS. On proper configuration, this setup can reduce the number of required machines drastically, without impacting performance.
Resource Independence
Since virtual servers are only guests on the hardware they are using, they are not aware of the specifics: they do not contain disk configurations, kernels or network configurations.
One key feature of a virtual server is the independence from the actual hardware. Most hardware issues are irrelevant for a virtual server installation.
The main server acts as a host and takes care of all the details. The virtual server is just a client and ignores all the details. As such, the client can be moved to another physical server with very few manipulations.
For example, to move the virtual server from one physical computer to another, it sufficient to do the following:
- shutdown the running server
- copy it over to the other machine
- copy the configuration
- start the virtual server on the new machine
No adjustments to user setup, password database or hardware configuration are required, as long as both machines are binary compatible.
Thus, once you have found that a project is using more resource than expected, you can easily move it to another box without tinkering around in hardware configuration files. A virtual server is just a directory on the filesystem of host system.
Fail-over Scenarios
Pushing the limit a little further, replication technology could be used to keep an up-to-the-minute copy of the filesystem of a running virtual server. This would permit a very fast fail-over if the running server goes offline for whatever reason.
All the known methods to accomplish this, starting with network replication via rsync, or drbd, via network devices, or shared disk arrays, to distributed filesystems, can be utilized to reduce the down-time and improve overall efficiency.
Experimenting and Upgrading
If you intend to upgrade a system to get new features or security updates, you probably first test the new packages on the development machine, before you are ready to update the production server. Having some experience you do it properly:
- Doing a backup of the server
- Perform all the upgrades and install the new applications
Two hours later you realise that something does not work as expected. To make it worse, it works fine on the development machine. We have all experienced this.
Another solution to this problem would be to install the new production server on new hardware, but this is not as easy, as you have to clone the first server (most people are not comfortable doing this) or you do not have the hardware.
Using virtual servers, all this is very easy:
- Stop the virtual server in production
- Make a copy of the virtual server
- Perform the upgrades in the new virtual server
To get back to our example above, two hours later you realise that something does not work as expected and you cannot immediately fix it.
Again, using virtual servers, the (temporary) solution to this problem is very easy:
- Stop the new virtual server and assign it a new IP address
- Start both the old and new virtual server
Now the old one is still online and you can track down the issues on your new virtual server using a different IP address, fix the problem and reassign the old IP address to the new virtual server.
Distribution Independence
People are often talking about their preferred distribution. Should one use Fedora, Debian or something else? Should one give a spin to the latest and greatest distribution just for the sake of it?
With virtual servers, the choice of a distribution is less important. When you select a distribution, you expect it will do the following:
- Good hardware support/detection
- Good package technology/updates
- Good package selection
- Reliable packages
The choice is important because every service running on a box will be using the same distribution. Most distributions out there are good and reliable. Still each one has its peculiarities and probably flaws. For example, one distribution is doing a great job on security but is not delivering the latest and greatest PHP. Now because you have decided to use this distribution for some projects, using virtual servers does not prevent you from using another distribution for other projects or even a second virtual server for existing projects.
Other considerations
- Virtual Private Servers are running on the same kernel as the host: Unlike other VM solutions, Linux-VServer does not require additional memory or processing power, in fact it may even reduce used memory due to the fact that multiple virtual servers may share the same files.
- There are no special daemons running: A VPS running crond, sshd, httpd and sendmail uses the same resources as a normal Linux server running these services.
- No pre-allocated disk space needed: A VPS generally shares the disk space with the host system, so there is no need to pre-allocate disk space for each virtual server to find out later that your disk is full, yet each VPS is using only a tiny portion of their allocated space.
- Resource sharing: Since virtual servers can share binaries and libraries without interfering, a second VPS generally costs about 40-100MB of disk space only. Most of this space is a copy of the packaging database.
- 32-/64-bit independence: You can easily run a 32-bit distribution inside a VPS on a 64-bit host system, but faster, sometimes a lot.
- Admin tools work inside a vserver as usual: A vserver feels like a real server from within and can be used in the same ways.


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The rise of A.I. is in our midst. Google Glasses, self-driving cars, and our continued attempts at robotic life are not to be ignored. And a recent study found that we're beginning to think about the morals and ethics we humans will hold our droid friends to. So we had to pit staff writers Andrew Couts and Amir Iliaifar against each to ask…
Andrew |
This is a highly complex question to which I do not claim to know all the answers. But I can definitively say that we must hold robots to at least the same moral and ethical standards that we hold ourselves. Obviously, we cannot let robots do things to humans that we do not allow amongst one another — that's something science fiction god Isaac Asimov wisely concluded all the way back in 1942.
The big question here, I think, is whether we have a moral imperative to treat robots in the same way we treat people. Fortunately, some have already begun to answer this question. In 2007, the South Korean government drafted a code of ethics to prevent humans from "abusing" robots (and vice versa). This too follows in line with Asimov's "Three Laws of Robotics," the third rule of which states that "a robot must protect its own existence," unless that means injuring a human or disobeying the orders of a human.
Of course, some might say that a robot, no matter how complex or life-like, is really nothing more than a fancy computer — which is technically true — and that there is no moral code that prohibits smashing your computer, or tossing it off a building, so why should there be a rule against damaging or destroying robots? That view is short-sighted. Once we reach a point where robots closely mimic the physical attributes and/or "mental" wherewithal of humans, it will become increasingly difficult to distinguish the two, so I believe it is important that we grant the same respect to these machines as we do our fellow man — if only to hold back the most savage instincts of human nature.
Amir |
We meet again Mr. Couts. Last time you proved a more than worthy adversary and I imagine I can only expect more of the same this go-around. That being said, while I agree with your take on instilling a modicum of morality towards our eventual robotic overlords, I think you are missing the point: any question of ethics and morality should be the sole enterprise of the human beings behind the machines, and not the other way around. It may be that we one day inhabit a world where robots exist autonomously, but the reality is no matter how advanced a robot may become, they will never be considered "real" (and no, I'm not going to get into a metaphysical argument over this), and should always be the responsibility of their "creators." Therefore any of the legal or ethical standards you are suggesting are moot, and need to apply to whoever develops, builds, and operates them rather than the robots themselves.
As for there being a "moral imperative to treat robots in the same way we treat people," again, I don't think that really matters. Sure we can pass laws and what not, it's certainly doable, but I question whether that would be adequate enough given the increasingly destitute nature of people all over the world. Not to be glib, but we need to focus on the legal and ethical standards we place upon ourselves before we try and codify or promote any sort of "robotic equal rights." There are plenty of living, breathing humans out there that don't enjoy even the most basic of human rights, so I simply suggest we concentrate our attention towards that. On a side note: Asimov was a brilliant man, and I wholeheartedly agree with his Three Laws.
Andrew |
While I completely agree with you that at the moment the problem of people treating each other badly is far more pressing than robot morality, we must accept that the day when robots inhabit every nook and cranny of our lives is quickly approaching. And there must be at least a minimum code of ethics that guide how we treat and interact with these mechanical "beings."
I agree with you that the scientists, engineers, and corporations that create robots should be held responsible for the actions of their contraptions. Just because robot-makers must follow certain ethical guidelines, however, doesn't mean that those of us who interact with robots cannot also follow a code. Of course, I don't believe this code should be, or even can be, the same as the moral code that guides our interactions with fellow humans. But I do believe that it is possible for humans to act immorally toward robots, even if the robot can never be truly conscious of the actions in the same way a human (or even a dog, ape, or alpaca) is aware.
Imagine this scenario: Say you purchase a robot butler. Your robot butler serves you well, day after day. Then, one cloudy May afternoon, it accidentally trips on the carpet, and spills a giant glass of grape Kool-Aid all over your sheepskin R2-D2 rug. You lash out, and chop the head off your robot butler — lets call him "Chris" — rendering him, well, headless, and completely useless.
Now, Chris hasn't the faintest clue about what just happened. But you do. You know you let your negative emotions get the better of you, and you acted out with violence. In my mind, that is morally incorrect simply because you had a violent reaction, and let the evil, wicked part of your soul get the better of your actions. That may not be the same as setting your step-brother on fire because he put snot in your comic books (yeah, I know all about that Amir, don't try to hide it), but it is at least ever so slightly wrong. So, you know, there should be rules against that.
Amir |
There is only one rule: There are no rules! Now that that's out of my system… I see what you're getting at, and I just don't agree. Why would we need to treat these "mechanical beings" as anything other than property? Yes they might be intricate and infinitely cool, but other than mechanized components that make up their rusty innards, there is nothing about a robot that makes it real or intrinsically human. Unless it's a living, breathing organism, I don't really see the need to advocate for any sort of laws or code of ethics toward machines.
I'm glad you agree with me that the ultimate responsibility for a robot's actions lie with its creators/owners, but that's the only moral imperative I see here. A machine is a machine. It has no emotions or feelings. If I want to rough up my machine then so be it — I don't see the problem. If I break it I will need to buy another one, if I can't afford to, well then I'm up chocolate creek without a popsicle stick aren't I? Now that doesn't mean I wish to just go around decapitating the heads of my robotic man servant (who I would totally dress up to resemble you, glasses and all FYI) but who the heck cares? It's a robot! If I let my emotions get the best of me I'm out an expensive robot and that is going to be more of an impetus for me not to mistreat my property than any sort of moral code being shoved upon me. We have plenty of machines right now that perform crazy awesome tasks, would you exclude them from your robo-crusade just because they don't resemble a human? The fact is: there is no distinction, a machine is a machine. Now come with me if you want to live.
Andrew |
I completely understand your logic, but I feel as though your argument is woefully short-sighted. At some point in the future, there will be machines capable of acting more human than some actual humans. Yes, it will still be a machine, technically, but that's like saying humans are still just animals. Which, incidentally, we are.
Robots will not just be "machines" in the way that my smartphone is a machine, or my lawnmower is a machine. These will be fully-functioning members of society, some of them capable of amazing feats, both physical and mental. We will be able to talk to them, and confide in them, and perhaps even hang out and watch movies together. They will become companions, confidants, even friends. Just as Google is now capable of "learning" what types of information each of us is looking for in our searches, so too will these artificially intelligent beings be able to learn our wants, our needs, and our emotions. Or, at the very least, our most likely response to a piece of data or stimuli. I can all but guarantee that many of us will not view these next-generation robots as "just machines." And when that happens, we will not be able to justify damaging them, or violently knocking them out of existence, without feeling as though we're doing something wrong. Which is precisely why we need to decide on an ethical code of conduct now, before things get messy.
Amir |
I empathize with your position Andrew, really I do, but while my viewpoint might be "woefully short-sighted" I happen to think you too are missing the bigger picture here. If you start passing laws protecting robot's existence then you're going to need to recognize them as fully-fledged members of society, cognizant of their rights and privileges within our social fabric. Of course that leads to the very tricky endeavor of actually getting people to recognize robots as legitimate beings in the first place, which I don't think will ever happen, especially among religious folk.
But let's say, for argument's sake, we made that technological leap into the future and robots are barely distinguishable from humans. What happens if I accidentally run over a robot? Should I be charged with second-degree manslaughter? No, of course not, that's absurd. If we are going to treat robots as living beings, what happens when they start demanding rights, or worse, taking them?
No matter how much technological wizardry you put into a robot, it's going to be a robot. Everything else is veneer. If anything, I think the more humanity we instill upon a machine, the more we detach ourselves from our own.
I'll leave you with this: Right now the U.S. military uses drones – highly sophisticated unmanned machines – to kill military targets. We happily program these machines to do our dirty work. Why? Because we can. They can't feel and have no moral or ethical code to live by– they just obey. So much for Asimov's laws…
[Image courtesy of Dvpodt/Shutterstock]
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Shenouda III (Gayyid) of Alexandria
Note: This article or section represents an Oriental Orthodox (Non-Chalcedonian) perspective, which may differ from an Eastern Orthodox (Chalcedonian) understanding. |
His Holiness Pope Shenouda III (Gayyid) was the 117th Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria (1971-2012). He died on March 17, 2012.
A Brief Biography of His Holiness Pope Shenouda III
His Holiness was born on August 3, 1923 in the city of Assiut in Upper Egypt; he was given the name of Nazir Gayed. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in History in 1947 from the University of Cairo. Mr. Gayed was very active in his church and served as a Sunday School teacher, first at Saint Anthony's Church in Shoubra and then at Saint Mary's Church in Mahmasha. He worked as a high school English and Social Studies teacher in Cairo by day, and attended classes at the Coptic Theological Seminary by night. Upon graduation from the seminary in 1949, he was chosen to teach New Testament Studies. He was appointed in 1953 as a teacher in the Monastic School.
From his youth, His Holiness enjoyed writing very much, especially poems; he is a remarkably literate man as evidenced by the over 100 books that have been written by him. For many years, he was the Editor-in-Chief of the Sunday School Magazine. At the same time, he followed his post-graduate studies at the Seminary of Archeology.
On July 18, 1954, Mr. Gayed was led to the monastic life at "El-Suryan" Monastery in the western desert of Egypt; he was given the name of Father Antonyos El-Suryaani. For six years, from 1956 to 1962, he lived a life of solitude in a cave about seven miles away from the monastery, dedicating all his time to meditation, prayer, and asceticism. He was among the candidates nominated for the papal throne in 1956, but Pope Cyril VI was the one ultimately chosen for the post.
In 1962, he was ordained by the late Pope Cyril VI as Bishop of Ecclesiastical (Religious) Education and was named President of the Coptic Theological Seminary; he was given the name of Bishop Shenouda on September 30, 1962. Continuing from his literary past, Bishop Shenouda published the first issue of "El-Keraza" magazine in Arabic in 1965, and remains the Editor-in-Chief to this day. Bishop Shenouda was suspended in 1966 by Pope Kyrillos VI.[1], [2] This was essentially the result of Bishop Shenouda's (and students') enthusiastic 'campaigns for change' that used rather strong words, e.g., supporting people's right to choose their bishops and priests, a principle he later applied when he became pope after the repose of Pope Kyrillos VI. This "conflict" between Pope Kyrillos VI and Anba Shenouda seems to have later been resolved.
On November 14, 1971, His Holiness was enthroned as Pope Shenouda III, the 117th Pope of Alexandria, and successor of the see of St. Mark. Some argue that the choice of Pope Shenouda III as Pope (and Bishop) of the City of Alexandria is not canonical (against Nicea Canon 15 and other Church councils/canons), because His Holiness was already bishop (with another episcopate) in the 1960s.[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], and p.30 onward in [8] However, there are also modern day examples from other Churches of patriarchs who were previously bishops before their election as patriarchs, e.g., [1], [2].
Early Life
His Holiness Pope Shenouda III was born the youngest of eight children (five sisters and two brothers) on August 3, 1923 in the Upper Egyptian province of Assiut, and was named Nazeer Gayed. His mother passed away shortly after his birth. By the age of sixteen, Nazeer began service in the Sunday School of St. Anthony's Church in Shoubra, Cairo, where he also went to school.
In 1943, Nazeer entered the University of Cairo and completed a Bachelor of Arts in English and History while he spent his summer vacations at the Monastery of St. Mary (Souryan). Although at this time only graduate students were admitted to the evening classes at the Coptic Theological Seminary, Dean Archdeacon Habib Guirguis admitted Nazeer while he was still in his final year of undergraduate study.
After graduation from the University of Cairo in 1947, Nazeer completed his military service and began work as a teacher of English and History. Meanwhile, he completed his Bachelor of Theology and the Dean appointed him as lecturer in the Old and New Testaments. In 1950 Nazeer resigned from his secular employment to take a full-time lecturing position. In 1953, he was appointed a lecturer at the Monastic College in Helwan.
Nazeer and other servants labored for several years to establish a strong Sunday School and youth group at St. Anthony's Church in Shoubra. his service produced hundreds of devoted servants who began establishing youth groups in neighboring parishes.
Monastic Life
On September 30, 1962, Pope Kyrillos VI ordained Fr. Antonyos as Bishop Shenouda, the first bishop for Christian Education. He became the President and Dean of the Theological Seminary, and by late 1969 the enrollment of full-time students doubled and the enrollment of part-time students increased 10 times its original number. Under his presidency, women were admitted to the College and several were appointed lecturers. His Grace's efforts were recognized in 1969 when he was elected President of the Association of Middle East Theological Colleges.
Enthronement as Pope of Alexandria
On March 9, 1971, His Holiness Pope Kyrillos (Cyril) VI departed in peace. The Holy Synod met on March 22 to plan for the election of the new Patriarch. Among the final three candidates was Bishop Shenouda. On October 31, 1971, the altar ballot was conducted during the divine Liturgy on the Feast of Saint Reweis. At the end of the Liturgy, His Eminence Metropolitan Antonyos, laid his hands on a young boy who was then blindfolded and told to choose one of the three pieces of paper from the box. The ballot box had been taken from the altar and placed on an elevated table. As the congregation prayed the Lord's Prayer and the words "Lord Have Mercy," the boy chose one of the pieces of paper and gave it to Metropolitan Antonyos, who then joyfully declared God's chosen shepherd for His church as His Grace Bishop Shenouda, Bishop of Education.
On November 14, 1971, in Saint Mark's Cathedral in Cairo, His Holiness Pope Shenouda III was enthroned as 117th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of Saint Mark. His Holiness became the first patriarch of Alexandria since the fifth century to have been Dean of the Theological Seminary. He continues to lecture at the branches of the Seminary in Cairo, Alexandria, and abroad and at the Higher Institute of Coptic Studies. To meet the expanding ministry of Christian education, His Holiness established other branches of the seminary in Egypt, as well as three graduate institues: Biblical Studies, Hymnology, and Coptic Language. On November 29, 1993, he officially opened the Institute of Pastoral Care. For his erudition in theology and scripture, His Holiness has been awarded four honorary Doctoral Degrees in Theology, three from American Universities and one from a German University.
His Holiness' edifying and spiritually uplifting sermons have won international acclaim; in 1978 the Browning Institute awarded him the prize for the best Christian preacher in the world. His Holiness is also the author of more than eighty books on a variety of subjects, and over the past 20 years, he has been the Editor-in-Chief of the Church's official magazine, EL-KERAZA.
Pastoral Activities
His Holiness ordained more than seventy bishops, established general bishoprics, including the first Bishopric of Youth, more than four hundred priests, and countless deacons for Cairo, Alexandra and the Churches abroad. This extended the pastoral care to every city, village and family all over the See of St. Mark. His Holiness continually holds meetings and seminars with the clergy to discuss any pastoral problems or needs.
His Holiness also gives special attention to the service of women in the Coptic Orthodox Church. "We felt a great need of the work of women and we wanted women to have a certain order and service in the Church, not only to have girls as Sunday School teachers who give a part of their time whenever they can, but we want girls and women to give their whole life to God and serve the church." His Holiness says.
Despite his many responsibilities, His Holiness usually manages to spend three days a week in the monastery. His love of monasticism has led to a monastic revival in the Coptic Church. He has ordained hundreds of monks and nuns and renovated and reestablished many monasteries and convents. He is the first Pope to establish Coptic monasteries outside of Egypt, which presently number eight.
As a Bishop for Christian Education, His Grace has overseen the education of Sunday School Curriculum, and during his papacy, has continued to hold meetings for Sunday School teachers to establish a Sunday School curriculum for the churches abroad.
The Exile and Efforts of National Unity
During the early years of his enthronement, His Holiness Pope Shenouda had an amicable relationship with the late Egyptian President Anwar El-Sadat. However, during his presidency, violent Islamic fundamentalist groups increased all over Egypt, especially in the Universities. They started to attack the Copts, vandalize their businesses, and burn their churches, which led Pope Shenouda to protest to the government against this repeated violence. In spring 1981, Pope Shenouda refused to hold any public Church celebrations of Easter and didn't receive that year the President's delegates who are regularly sent to greet the Church and Coptic Christians on such occasions (this particular move by Pope Shenouda III was very embarrassing to President Sadat, both nationally and internationally). Sadat reacted by issuing a presidential decree to exile His Holiness to the Monastery of St. Bishoy, imprison eight bishops, twenty-four priest, leading Coptic lay figures, and ban "El-Keraza" magazine and "Watany" newspaper.
(Another major difference between Sadat and Pope Shenouda III is the attitude of the latter regarding the normalization of the relations between Egypt and Israel and His Holiness' very prominent Arab nationalist zeal. In fact, there is currently (as of 2006) a papal decree issued by Pope Shenouda III that anathematizes any Copt who dares to visit the Christian holy places in Jerusalem and Israel.[9] According to that decree, such Copts are automatically banned from receiving Holy Communion in the Coptic Orthodox Church, with no route or mechanism being offered to them for repentance and lifting of this ban. Pope Shenouda III has repeatedly declared that Christians must only visit Jerusalem hand in hand with their Muslim brothers after the conflict with Israel is resolved to the satisfaction of all parties. Because of this, many Copts, especially in the diaspora, have accused the pope of mixing religion (ban on receiving Holy Communion if one visits Jerusalem for pilgrimage) with politics (the Arab-Israeli conflict), and consider this papal decree unjustified.)
Despite having to spend forty months away from his flock, His Holiness continued to care for his church. He saw the exile as an opportunity for spiritual retreat and wrote sixteen books during that time.
A month after his decree, Sadat was assassinated by the same fundamentalist groups. After much effort from His Holiness' children inside and outside the Coptic Orthodox Church, and after three and a half years, the succeeding Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, released Pope Shenouda from exile. Accompanied by many bishops, His Holiness returned to St. Mark's Cathedral in Cairo, where more than ten thousand people filled the Cathedral to receive the Pope.
His Holiness, after praying the Prayer of thanksgiving, greeted the flock with these words: "I have no residence except in your hearts, which are full of love. I have never been away from your hearts, not even for a twinkle of an eye." He went on to say "I would like to do my best to deepen love, peace and reconciliation between the Church and the State, between the Church and our Muslim citizens. We are like organs in the one body, which is Egypt."
His Holiness works tirelessly to improve relations between the Christians and Muslims in Egypt, in order to establish a peaceful social environment and to dispel sectarian divisions. The Pope and the president of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak, are in good relations, as well as with the moderate Muslims in Egypt.
Ecumenical Relations
Before his enthronement, Bishop Shenouda attended the first unofficial ecumenical consultation between theologians of the Oriental Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Churches, in Vienna in September 1971. The agreed statement included the words: "We believe that our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, is God the Son incarnate; perfect in His divinity and perfect in His humanity. His divinity was not separated from His humanity for a single moment, not for the twinkling of an eye. His humanity is one with His divinity without commixture, without confusion, without division, without separation. We in our common faith in the one Lord Jesus Christ regard His mystery inexhaustible and ineffable and for the human mind never fully comprehensible or expressible." (From the Communique of the first nonofficial ecumenical consultation between theologians of the Oriental Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Churches, in 1971).
In May 1973, His Holiness Pope Shenouda III paid a cordial visit to His Holiness, the late Pope Paul VI in Rome. This was the first meeting between an Alexandrine and Roman Pontiff since the time of the great schism of 451 AD. Both Popes signed a common Declaration, containing, amongst other things, a confession of common Faith in the mystery of the Word Incarnate. In welcoming His Holiness to Rome, the late Pope Paul VI said, "You are indeed the head of a church whose origin goes back to the Evangelist Mark and which had in Saint Athanasius...the invincible defender of our common Nicene faith, that is, faith in the divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ."In response, His Holiness Pope Shenouda said, "We have to declare that between us there are many points of agreement in the principles of faith. As for points of difference, there is no doubt that after fifteen centuries of study, examination, and controversy, we are at much nearer grounds of agreement than our ancestors of the fifth and sixth centuries. We are all more ready and more intense in our desire to reach solutions for differences and attain simpler expressions of our common faith."
Following this historic encounter, a joint Commission was established to explore the road to full intercommunion between the two Apostolic Churches. See Pope Paul VI and Pope Shenouda III's Common Declarationand other joint meetings/reports.
In June 1989, His Holiness opened the conference of the International Commission for Inter-Orthodox theological Dialogue. A part of the agreed statement said: "When we speak of the one composite (synthetos) hypostasis of our Lord Jesus Christ, we do not say that in Him a divine hypostasis and a human hypostasis came together. It is that the one eternal hypostasis of the Second Person of the Trinity has assumed our created human nature in that act of uniting it with His own uncreated divine nature, to form an inseparably and unconfusedly united real divine-human being, the natures being distinguished from each other contemplation (theoria) only....We agree in condemning the Nestorian and the Eutychian heresies. We neither separate nor divide the human nature in Christ from His divine nature, nor do we think that the former was absorbed in the latter and thus ceased to exist" (First Agreed Statement with the Byzantine Family of Orthodoxy in 1989). See also Dialogue With the Byzantine Family of Orthodoxyand Latest Agreed Statement (With the Ecumenical Patriarchate).
Until now, His Holiness initiates and closely monitors theological dialogue with the Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, Swedish Lutheran, and the World Alliance of Reformed Churches. His Holiness also served as one of the Presidents of the World Council of Churches and the Middle East Council of Churches.
See also Meetings of Oriental Orthodox Churches, Dialogues With Other Churchesand Report About Relations With the Russian Orthodox Church.
The Coptic Church All Over the World
As head of the oldest Church in Africa, His Holiness Pope Shenouda III has been very keen to extend the Apostolic mission of St. Mark across all of Africa. There are now 33 Coptic Churches among more than 12 African tribes in nine African countries, including Kenya, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Namibia, and South Africa. Nairobi is also the center of the new Diocese in Kenya.
The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church (EOTC) has strong historical ties with the Coptic Orthodox Church. The two churches have been linked by very intimate relations since the early centuries of Christianity, as both are children of St. Mark the Apostle. In 1994, upon request of the EOTC, they gained Autocephaly (independence)from the Coptic Church. Both Churches still belong to the See of St. Mark and both confess one Orthodox Doctrine.
Eritrea, upon gaining independence from Ethiopia, received pastoral care from His Holiness Pope Shenouda by his ordination of Eritrean Bishops to form the Holy Synod for the Eritrian Orthodox Church.
The Papal Visits
In the United States, the mayor of Jersey City hoisted the Coptic Church flag side by side with the American flag at City Hall during the Papal visit. The US House of Representatives invited His Holiness to open a congressional session with prayer. His Holiness also met with former US President George Bush and requested that "he give a big push" to peace in the Middle East. In a previous visit, His Holiness met with former US President Jimmy Carter. Afterwards His Holiness and Carter became good friends.
More recently, Pope Shenouda III underwent spinal surgery at Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, on 22 October 2006.[10] Pope Shenouda III has since then fully recovered, and celebrated the 35th anniversary of His Holiness' enthronement as Pope of Alexandria on 14 November 2006 in Egypt, among thousands of faithful who flocked to congratulate His Holiness on this occasion (videos).
Theological disputes and the 2007 Coptic Church crisis
These have recently come to the attention of the mainstream secular newsmedia in Egypt (see, for example, this Egyptian newspaper article in English published on February 23, 2007). More recently a book entitled Orthodoxy: A Creed for Today (1972) by the Very Rev. Fr. Anthony M. Coniaris has been banned by the Holy Synod of the Coptic Church presided by Pope Shenouda III on May 26, 2007, as it discusses the Orthodox concept of theosis, which was considered to be against Pope Shenouda's teachings.[11] Wikipedia has further details about the subject.[12] Some learned observers have attributed Pope Shenouda's decades-long theological disputes with different Coptic theologians (like the late Father Matta El-Meskeen) to personal and ecclesiastico-political motives, rather than to any genuine doctrinal flaws or deviations from Orthodoxy in the writings of these theologians.
See also the 2007 conflict of the Coptic Church with the Catholic and Protestant Churches in Egypt: Bishoy_(Nicola)_of_Damietta#A_.22controversial.22_figure.
Main sources
- H. H. Pope Shenouda III page at http://St-Takla.org (including sermons, video lectues by Pope Shenouda)
- Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Books by HH Pope Shenouda III (in English)
- Official site where EL-KERAZA Church Magazine is available in English
- The Nature of Christ (PDF)
- Online Books
- Some of the Books of H.H. Pope Shenouda III
- Spiritual Books
Shenouda III (Gayyid) of Alexandria | ||
Preceded by: Cyril VI |
Pope of Alexandria (Coptic) 1971-2012 |
Succeeded by: Theodore II (Sobhi Baki Soleiman) of Alexandria |