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Notice: This Wiki is now read only and edits are no longer possible. Please see: https://gitlab.eclipse.org/eclipsefdn/helpdesk/-/wikis/Wiki-shutdown-plan for the plan.
- CVS Wiki page
- CVS Main page
- 1 Getting Started
- 2 Browsing the Repository
- 3 Server Issues
- 3.1 What server versions of CVS are supported by Eclipse?
- 3.2 What does Supported and Unsupported Mean?
- 3.3 How can I test whether a server version is compatible with Eclipse?
- 3.4 Why doesn't Eclipse 2.1.x work with CVS server versions 1.11.7 and beyond?
- 3.5 Why aren't older (pre 2.0.58d) CVSNT versions supported?
- 3.6 How do I configure CVSNT to work with Eclipse?
- 3.7 Where can I get CVS for UNIX or Windows?
- 3.8 Where can I find documentation on CVS?
- 3.9 When I perform a Replace With or Update operation, Eclipse tells me that option -C is not supported. What's wrong?
- 3.10 I performed a Replace With or Override and Update and one of the files involved ended up with strange characters in it. Why?
- 3.11 I got a "received broken pipe signal" error. What does it mean?
- 3.12 How do I use a local connection with Eclipse?
- 3.13 With CVSNT, why do I get the error: "Error fetching file revisions"?
- 3.14 Why can't I get Eclipse to work with CVSNT and mapped network drives?
- 3.15 Using CVSNT, Why do I get the error "cvs [server aborted]: cannot find .: No such file or directory"?
- 3.16 Why do I get the error "Resource <name> is not a child of folder <folder>"?
- 3.17 Why can't I set the keyword substitution mode for CVSNT using Eclipse?
- 3.18 How can I use GSSAPI to make a gserver connection for CVSNT
- 4 Using SSH with CVS
- 4.1 How do I use SSH to communicate with the server?
- 4.2 What is the difference between ext and extssh?
- 4.3 My SSH server only support SSH2 protocol and I'm using Eclipse 2.1.x
- 4.4 How do I set up public-key authentication for an external SSH client?
- 4.5 When I try to connect using SSH, it tells me "Could not chdir to home directory /home/user/myname". What did I do wrong?
- 4.6 I got an 'Unknown response' while trying to perform CVS browsing. What went wrong?
- 4.7 I can't get keys generated using Putty to work with Eclipse
- 4.8 Why do CVS extssh connections fail on Fedora Core 4
- 4.9 Why does CVS extssh prompt for my password even when it is saved?
- 4.10 Why do I get prompted first for my passphrase to the DSA key, then for the keyboard interactive password TWICE for every CVS I perform?
- 4.11 Why do CVS extssh connections to remote servers that only support SSH1 fail?
- 5 Using Eclipse and CVS for Java Development
- 5.1 When I check out a Java project from the repository, how do I make Eclipse aware it is a Java project?
- 5.2 What is the .classpath file? Should I commit it to the repository?
- 5.3 In my CVS repository, there is a source directory in the repository root. How can I use this with Eclipse?
- 5.4 How do I check out a module definition as a Java project?
- 5.5 Why does the bin directory keep appearing in the Synchronize view?
- 5.6 I ignored the bin directory but it appears to be shared anyway. Why?
- 5.7 How do I use CVS keywords in Java templates?
- 5.8 I'm working with a virtual module defined in the CVSROOT/modules file. How do I commit the .project and/or .classpath file?
- 6 Compatibility Between CVS Command-line Client and Eclipse
- 6.1 Does Eclipse use [WinCVS|CVS command-line client] to talk to the server?
- 6.2 The command-line CVS client stores information in CVS folders. Does Eclipse do the same thing? If so, where are the folders?
- 6.3 Is Eclipse compatible with the command-line CVS client?
- 6.4 Can I import a project into Eclipse that was checked out using the command line?
- 6.5 Why does Eclipse corrupt my *.jar, *.zip, etc. files?
- 6.6 When I use the command-line CVS on my project, why do the CVS folders sometimes appear in the Navigator View?
- 6.7 When I use the command-line CVS on my project, why go I get "resource out of sync" errors?
- 7 Working with Patches
- 8 Linux Issues
- 9 Windows Issues
- 9.1 Eclipse crashed Windows 2000 (blue screen) when performing a CVS operation. What happened?
- 9.2 Eclipse always times out when performing a Synchronize on one or two particular machines?
- 9.3 Why do CVS operations slow down when I am connected to my network/dial-up?
- 9.4 Why do all my files show as outgoing changes?
- 9.5 I get a "<filename> is an invalid name on this platform." when updating or synchronizing How do I fix it?
- 9.6 CVS with SSPI (and CVSNT)
- 10 Miscellaneous
- 10.1 Is there any equivalent to CVS_CLIENT_LOG in Eclipse?
- 10.2 What is the .project file, and should I release it to CVS?
- 10.3 I don't have update access to the CVS repository. Can I still check out a project with Eclipse?
- 10.4 What does "Terminated with fatal signal 10" mean?
- 10.5 I copied some folders from one CVS project to another and the old CVS information remained. What happened?
- 10.6 I used Team > Share Project to connect a local project to an existing project and it takes forever. Why?
- 10.7 Does Eclipse support Watch/Edit?
- 10.8 Why do I get a "Pre-commit failed" error with no detailed error message?
- 10.9 Why can't I get my pserver CVS proxy to work?
- 10.10 Synchronizing has some regressions in Eclipse 3.2. Why?
- 10.11 Pruning always happens when checking out from a branch.
Getting Started
How do I get a project into my workspace from CVS?
- Choose File > Import from the main menu
- Select CVS > Projects from CVS and click Next
- Click on Create a new repository location and click Next
- Fill in the location information identifying your repository and click Next.
- Click on the Use an existing module and select the project or projects you want to check out.
- Click Finish
How do I put a project into CVS from my workspace?
- Select the project in the Navigator or other view.
- From the context menu choose Team->Share Project...
- Fill in the location information identifying your repository and click Next.
- Click Finish and the Sharing wizard closes and the Commit wizard opens.
- Supply a release comment and click Finish to commit the project contents to the repository.
The project now exists in the repository.
I already have a project checked out from CVS with the command-line tool. How do I use it in Eclipse without having to check out the whole project again?
- Create a project in the workspace.
- File->Import, select File System, locate your files, click Finish.
- Select the project in the Navigator or other view.
- Context Menu->Team->Share Project...
- The wizard should tell you that it found all the necessary information. Click Finish.
Eclipse has now shared the project with the CVS repository.
Browsing the Repository
Why don't my branches and versions show up when I am browsing?
When you are browsing in the CVS Repositories view, you may expect to see branch and version tags which you have previously created. In CVS, such tags are stored on individual files rather than on projects or folders. Rather than scan every file in the repository, Eclipse only scans one well-known file, .project, which should exist in every Eclipse project. It is possible that you have other interesting tags that do not appear on .project but which you would like to show up in the CVS Repositories view.
To make these tags appear, do the following:
- Open the CVS Repositories view.
- Expand HEAD and select the project for which you want to configure tags.
- Context Menu->Configure Branches and Versions...
- In the "Browse files for tags" table, select one or more files that contain tags you would like to see.
- Check the tags you want under "New tags found in the selected files"
- Click "Add Checked Tags".
- Click "OK".
The CVS Repositories view will now display the chosen tags under the Branches and Versions categories. In addition, these tags will show up in other tag-related operations, such as "Replace With->Branch or Version...".
Why do some modules defined in CVSROOT/modules appear empty in the CVS Repositories view?
Some modules are not expandable because their definition is complex and difficult to parse on the client. These modules can still be checked out properly using the Check Out menu item from the module's context menu.
When I expand HEAD in the CVS Repositories View, it is always empty even though I know the repository has contents. Whats wrong?
If you also see messages from the server like "-f server: ...", this indicates that your CVS server has not been configured properly. Here is the line as it should appear in the "/etc/inetd.conf" file (example from AIX but the problem has also been seen on Solaris):
cvspserver stream tcp nowait root /usr/bin/cvs cvs -f --allow-root=/usr/cvsroot pserver
The key is the 2nd copy of "cvs". The online cvs book at http://cvsbook.red-bean.com has it right (although I thought it was a typo so never tried it). Look for "The pserver access method is not working" section. Part of the reason I got this wrong is that the linux xinetd configuration does not duplicate the name of the program. At one point I just copied the fields from the linux config into the fields in the AIX inetd.conf file. Now that I know what to look for, the other entries in the inetd.conf file have the program name duplicated.
Server Issues
What server versions of CVS are supported by Eclipse?
The following table describes which versions of CVS various Eclipse releases are know to support. By known, we mean that, at last point of testing for a particular Eclipse release, the provided CVS version was the version available to test against. It is likely that Eclipse will work with higher point releases of the same version but it is not guaranteed since it is always possible for changes in the server to be incompatible in some way with existing clients. Unless stated otherwise, it can be expected that Eclipse releases higher than those mentioned in the table support the same CVS server releases as the highest Eclipse release listed in the table. Anyone is welcome to update the table based on appropriate testing.
Eclipse Release | Supported Server Versions | Unsupported Server Versions |
Eclipse 1.x | CVS 1.11.1p1 to CVS 1.11.6 | CVS 1.11.7+, CVSNT, CVS 1.12.x (1) |
Eclipse 2.0.x | CVS 1.11.1p1 to CVS 1.11.6 | CVS 1.11.7+, CVSNT, CVS 1.12.x (1) |
Eclipse 2.1.0, 2.1.1, 2.1.2 | CVS 1.11.1p1 to CVS 1.11.6 | CVS 1.11.7+, CVSNT, CVS 1.12.x (1) |
Eclipse 2.1.3 | CVS 1.11.1p1 to CVS 1.11.17 | CVSNT (7), CVS 1.12.x (1, 2) |
Eclipse 3.0.x | CVS 1.11.2 to 1.11.17 | CVSNT, CVS 1.12.x (1, 2, 3) |
Eclipse 3.1 | CVS 1.11.2 to 1.11.17 & 1.12.9, CVSNT 2.0.58b (7) | |
Eclipse 3.2 | CVS 1.11.2 to 1.11.21 & 1.12.12, CVSNT 2.0.58b to 2.5.03 (4, 5) and 2.8.x (6) | |
Eclipse 3.3 | CVS 1.11.2 to 1.11.22 & 1.12.13, CVSNT 2.0.58b to 2.5.03 (4, 5) and 2.8.x (6) | |
Eclipse 3.4 | CVS 1.11.2 to 1.11.22 & 1.12.13, CVSNT 2.0.58b to 2.5.03 (4, 5) and 2.8.x (6) | |
Eclipse 3.5 | CVS 1.11.2 to 1.11.22 & 1.12.13, CVSNT 2.0.58b to 2.5.03 (4, 5) and 2.8.x (6) | |
Eclipse 3.6 | CVS 1.11.2 to 1.11.22 & 1.12.13, CVSNT 2.0.58b to 2.5.03 (4,5) and 2.8.x (6) | |
Eclipse 3.7 | CVS 1.11.2 to 1.11.22 & 1.12.13, CVSNT 2.0.58b to 2.5.03 (4,5) and 2.8.x (6) |
(1) A patch for compatibility between Eclipse 1.0.2 (WSAD 4.0.3) through 2.1.2 (WSAD 5.1) and CVS 1.11.7 through 1.11.17 is available here.
(2) A patch for compatibility between Eclipse 2.1.3 and CVS 1.12.3 is available here.
(3) There have been some changes in 1.12.9 that effect Eclipse functionality in minor ways (see bug#67627). There have been no problems reported with 1.12 builds prior to that.
(4) There are a known issue detected when using model based synchronization with CVSNT 2.5.01 (see bug#164964). The workaround is upgrade the server to 2.5.03 or disable model based synchronization.
(5) CVSNT 2.5.03 includes a major security flaw and the vendor recommends you upgrade.
(6) CVS Suite 2008, CVS Suite 2009, CVS Suite 2009R2 etc and CVSNT 2.8.x are all directly descended from CVSNT 2.5.03 and so should work with Eclipse. March Hare Software (the vendor) test each new release with the latest Eclipse release to ensure compatibility and a user guide is available here.
(7) March Hare Software has tested Eclipse 2.1.3 and Eclipse 3.1 with CVS Suite 2009R2 according to the user guide available here.
There are also cases where newer server versions are required for some functionality. For instance, incoming change sets in the synchronize view require CVS version 1.11.5 or beyond to work properly (see bug 81960)
What does Supported and Unsupported Mean?
When we say that a CVS server version is supported by Eclipse CVS, we mean that the full functionality of the Eclipse CVS client works with that server version. Since some of the functionality of the Eclipse CVS client relies on text messages, it is often the case that newly released CVS server version become incompatible with some of the functionality in Eclipse. In these cases, the Eclipse CVS client is still usable but one or more of the advanced features may not work properly.
The following table presents the basic CVS functionality that should always be available and how it is accessed in Eclipse:
CVS Command | Eclipse Command | |
checkout | Import>Checkout Projects from CVS (1) | |
update | Team>Update | |
commit | Team>Commit | |
tag | Team>Tag as Version | |
import | Team>Share Project (2) |
(1) This command is also available from the New>Project wizard in the CVS category. The list of projects may not be available due to a new incompatibility in the Checkout wizard, in which case you will need to type in the module path manually.
(2) The final step of the Share Project wizard is a synchronize between the local workspace and the remote project. This may fail due to incompatibilities, in which case the wizard can be Finished or Canceled and the project committed using Team>Commit.
How can I test whether a server version is compatible with Eclipse?
If you want to use a new version of a CVS server that does not appear on the supported servers list, you can run the CVS tests to determine what, if any, compatibility problems may exist. The tests are not a 100% guarantee of compatibility since there may be subtle server changes that effect the Eclipse CVS client but were not covered by the tests. However, the tests will catch most problems.
Here are the steps to follow to run the CVS tests:
- Go to the Eclipse download page for the version of Eclipse you are testing.
- Scroll down to the link for the automated tests archive. It will be named eclipse-Automated-Tests-<release-d>.zip. For example, for 3.0.1, the name is eclipse-Automated-Tests-3.0.1.zip. Download the archive.
- A link to the instructions is available in the text above the download link. The instructions for 3.0.1 are here but you should check the instructions for your particular release since they may have changed.
- The instructions describe how to provide the information required for connecting to a test repository and for running only the CVS tests. Make sure these are done properly.
- The test run should report no errors. If errors are reported, the stdout should contain a protocol trace of the client/server communication which should help pinpoint where the incompatibility is.
If you get 1 or more errors when testing against a new server version, you can log a bug report and attach the test failure and client/server trace. Make sure to state your Eclipse and CVS server versions.
Why doesn't Eclipse 2.1.x work with CVS server versions 1.11.7 and beyond?
Most of the interesting Eclipse CVS functionality relies on the format of the messages and the change in format made in 1.11.7 breaks the parsing in Eclipse versions prior to 2.1.3. Most of the incompatibilities for 1.11.x were addressed in 2.1.3. See bugs 46655 and 49056 for patches and workarounds for previous versions of Eclipse or remaining incompatibilities. As for 1.12.x releases of CVS, Eclipse 2.1.x is not compatible with this server version. Eclipse 3.0 is compatible with 1.12.7 but future releases of CVS may cause similar breakages. In such cases, Team>Update and Team>Commit should still work but the more advanced work flows (e.g. synchronizing) may not be reliable.
Why aren't older (pre 2.0.58d) CVSNT versions supported?
The reason older CVSNT versions aren't supported is because traditionally its development effort had been smaller and has lagged behind that of CVS Linux, thus its quality tends to be of issue. That has changed as of version 2.0.58d which is now supported on Eclipse 3.0 and beyond.
How do I configure CVSNT to work with Eclipse?
Out-of-the-box, CVSNT will not work properly with Eclipse. You need to configure CVSNT to act like a standard CVS server. In CVSNT 2.0.58d, the required setting can be found under the 'Compatibility' tab. Check 'respond as cvs 1.11.2 to version request'; stop and restart the service. You will also need to check the Emulate -n checkout bug option since CVSNT has modified the behavior of the 'cvs -n update' command which is used by Eclipse to perform synchronization. although the CVSNT behavior is more intuitive, it differs from that of *nix CVS (one person's bug is another's feature).
Where can I get CVS for UNIX or Windows?
CVS for UNIX can be downloaded by going to http://ximbiot.com/cvs/. CVSNT can be downloaded by going to http://www.cvsnt.org.</p>
Where can I find documentation on CVS?
The CVS manual can be found by going to http://ximbiot.com/cvs/.
When I perform a Replace With or Update operation, Eclipse tells me that option -C is not supported. What's wrong?
This error indicates that your server version is CVS 1.10 or before. The -C option was introduced in version 1.11.
I performed a Replace With or Override and Update and one of the files involved ended up with strange characters in it. Why?
This error indicates that your server version is CVS 1.11 which has a bug when replacing a locally dirty file. Go here to see the supported CVS versions.
I got a "received broken pipe signal" error. What does it mean?
Eclipse sometime performs multiple commands within a single connection to the server. This may cause problems with CVS server that are running server scripts in reponse to certain commands.
How do I use a local connection with Eclipse?
Eclipse does not support the use of the local connection method as this requires a CVS client that also includes the CVS server code in it. Command line cvs uses the same executable for the client and the server whereas Eclipse is a client only. Since the repository is on the same machine as the client, you should be able to use pserver.
With CVSNT, why do I get the error: "Error fetching file revisions"?
This problem has several causes. One is the use of a backslash (\) in the repository path instead of a slash (/). Another can be a mismatch in the case of the letters in the repository path. See bug 56635 for more details.
Why can't I get Eclipse to work with CVSNT and mapped network drives?
The problem is that CVSNT only supports using the local connection method with network drives and Eclipse does not support this connection method.
Using CVSNT, Why do I get the error "cvs [server aborted]: cannot find .: No such file or directory"?
I think the problem is that of user rights on the machine CVSNT is running on. You might try one or more of the following options:
- create a group having full access rights to the CVSNT
repository directory structure plus the temp folder CVSNT is using.
This is easiest if you specify a separate CVSNT temp directory such as
"c:\cvstemp" using the Advanced tab in the
CVSNT control panel. (The default temporary directories in "C:\WINNT\TEMP" and "C:\Documents and Settings" have access restrictions under Win2000 and WinXP). - turn off impersonation in CVSNT
- add all CVS users to PowerUsers on the machine CVSNT is running on
Why do I get the error "Resource <name> is not a child of folder <folder>"?
CVSNT has a separate option called Emulate "-n checkout" bug that must be enabled for Eclipse to work properly. This is because the "bug" in question is the behavior of a 1.11.x server which Eclipse requires.
Why can't I set the keyword substitution mode for CVSNT using Eclipse?
CVSNT has a non-standard way of dealing with keyword substitution so you will need to use a CVSNT specific client to modify the keyword substitution mode.
How can I use GSSAPI to make a gserver connection for CVSNT
Bug 41097 Has a couple of connection methods attached that support GSSAPI access via GServer.
Using SSH with CVS
How do I use SSH to communicate with the server?
The pserver protocol sends passwords over the network in plaintext. Many people prefer to establish a secure connection using SSH. Eclipse supports two methods of connecting to CVS repositories using SSH.
To use the Eclipse's built-in SSH support, simply specify "extssh" as the connection method type when creating the repository connection.
To use SSH support from an external tool, you must:
- Specify "ext" as the connection method type when creating the repository connection.
- Window->Preferences->Team->CVS->Ext Connection Method. On
this page, specify the name and location of your external ssh client.
(For example, "
" or "/usr/local/bin/ssh
"). Also specify the name and location of the CVS binary on the server. The default value is often correct. - Ensure that you can log on to the server using the external SSH tool without specifying a password.
Note: In Eclipse 2.1, you can also specify (on the Ext Connection Method preference page) the parameters to be passed to the SSH client, including the password.
What is the difference between ext and extssh?
The extssh connection method uses a built-in SSH client. The ext connection method allows you to specify an external SSH client to use. For extssh to work with Eclipse 2.1.x and before, the server must be running an SSH server with SSH1 protocol compatibility. If extssh does not work, it is possible that the server is running only the SSH2 protocol. If this is the case, you must configure the ext connection method with an external SSH client. In Eclipse 3.0 and beyond, extssh does support SSH2.
My SSH server only support SSH2 protocol and I'm using Eclipse 2.1.x
Eclipse comes with a built-in SSH connection method called 'extssh'. Prior to Eclipse 3.0, this method only supported SSH1 servers. If your server is running SSH2 and you want to use Eclipse 2.1.x to connect to that server you have two options:
- use a command line SSH client that supports SSH2 with the 'ext' connection method
- download a plugin created by JCraft that provides a SSH2 connection method.
To use the 'ext' connection method, download and install an SSH command line
client for your operating environment. In the Team > CVS > Ext Connection
Method preference page, configure the location of the SSH executable and how
the executable is to be called. For the ext method to work the CVS client
on your server must support the server mode. You can verify this by running
cvs --help-commands and ensure that the server command is supported.
How do I set up public-key authentication for an external SSH client?
The steps for setting up public-key authentication vary depending on your SSH client. However, they all follow this set of common steps:
- Use the client program (or a utility that came with it) to generate a public/private key pair. This program might be called ssh-keygen or puttygen.exe.
- Copy the public key to the server. This is often done by pasting the
public key into the file
When I try to connect using SSH, it tells me "Could not chdir to home directory /home/user/myname". What did I do wrong?
This often happens when using SourceForge projects for the first time, but may occur on other servers as well. You must manually log in to the server, using an interactive SSH session, in order to create your home directory for the first time. After this, you will be able to log in successfully.
Use your SSH client to connect to the server (e.g. cvs.sourceforge.net) and log in with your username and password. Your home directory will be created for you.
I got an 'Unknown response' while trying to perform CVS browsing. What went wrong?
A problem has been reported that involves the Cygwin SSH client (see bug 21180). Try using another SSH client such as Putty or OpenSSH.
I can't get keys generated using Putty to work with Eclipse
Putty's private key is encrypted by AES, but JCE (Java Crtptgraphy Extension) included in J2SE 1.4.x does not support AES. So, at present time, there is no plan to support it. Of course, JSch (the SSH2 client used in Eclipse) may support Putty's key by using the latest J2SE in the near future, but Eclipse 3.0/3.1 will not be able to use it because they must run on J2SE 1.4.0. This is explained more in bug 84281.
Why do CVS extssh connections fail on Fedora Core 4
There is an issue with Sun's JDK 1.4.2 and Fedora Core 4 that causes extssh connections to fail with the message:
CVS Communication error: org.eclipse.team.internal.ccvs.ssh2.CVSSSH2ServerConnection$SSH2IOException: Invalid argument or cannot assign requested address
The issue seems to be related to both IPv6 and IPv4 being available in FC4. The solution is to add
with the -vmargs option when eclipse is started.
Why does CVS extssh prompt for my password even when it is saved?
This problem has been seen on servers that have a problems in a particular authentication method. This will cause extssh to believe that there has been an authentication failure which trigger a password prompt. See bug 119008 for details.
=== Why do I get prompted first for my passphrase to the DSA key, then for the keyboard interactive password TWICE for every CVS I perform? ===
This may be a permissions issue (see bug 179635). You can find out the specific issue by logging into your server with an SSH client. The server should print a message that describes the specific problem.
Why do I get prompted first for my passphrase to the DSA key, then for the keyboard interactive password TWICE for every CVS I perform?
This may be a permissions issue (see bug 179635). You can find out the specific issue by logging into your server with an SSH client. The server should print a message that describes the specific problem.
Why do CVS extssh connections to remote servers that only support SSH1 fail?
Support for the SSH1 connection method is optional and may be not available in your Eclipse or Eclipse based product. If the org.eclipse.team.cvs.ssh plug-in is not installed, you will not be able to connect to old servers that only support ssh1 connections. In such cases, when attempting to perform cvs operations, you will see errors that contain the message: "Support for SSH-1 connection method required by the remote server is not available"
To enable SSH-1 support, extract the org.eclipse.team.cvs.ssh plug-in from org.eclipse.cvs-p2repo and copy to the dropins folder in your Eclipse.
Using Eclipse and CVS for Java Development
When I check out a Java project from the repository, how do I make Eclipse aware it is a Java project?
Eclipse makes use of information in the .project file to determine if a project is a Java project. If the project you have checked out does not have a .project file, Eclipse will not mark it properly. If you use "Checkout As..." instead of "Checkout" in the Repositories view, then you will be given an opportunity to specify Java as the project type and provide Java specific configuration information.
What is the .classpath file? Should I commit it to the repository?
Eclipse's Java development tools create and maintain a special file, .classpath, in the root of each Java project. This file contains information about the project's classpath, including references to other projects, external jars, and the project's own source path. If you are working on a team with other developers that use Eclipse, you probably want to commit this file to the repository so that others can benefit from correct classpath settings. If the other developers on your team do not use Eclipse, you may still want to commit the .classpath file so that your settings are persisted - this should not affect the users that are not using Eclipse.
In my CVS repository, there is a source directory in the repository root. How can I use this with Eclipse?
If the name of the CVS module is part of the package name of Java files, you will encounter problems. For example, if the module you check out is called "test", and it contains a folder called "code" which contains Java files that claim to be in the package "test.code", Eclipse will not be able to compile these Java classes. There are several solutions to this problem:
- One solution is to move the top-level package folder ("test" in this case) to be a subfolder of the CVS module. In this case, create a folder called "test" in the project "test", and move "code" into it. Then commit your changes.
- Another possible solution is to use modules definitions.
Modules can be defined in the CVSROOT/modules file to include root
level projects as subfolders of the checked out folder stucture. The
steps to get this to work for the above example are:
- Add the following two lines to the CVSROOT/modules file
test &test MyProject &test
- In the CVS Repositories View, select the modules with the name matching the one defined in the CVSROOT/modules file (Note that in Eclipse 2.0.x, you will need to switch to "Show Modules" mode using the drop down menu in the title bar in order to see the module).
- Select "MyProject" and choose "Checkout Module" from the popup menu.
See the CVS documentation for more information on defining modules.
- Add the following two lines to the CVSROOT/modules file
- If you are using Eclipse 2.1, you can create a new Java Project and then perform a "Checkout Into..." on the CVS Module. This operation allows you to check out a CVS modules into an existing project as a subfolder and configures that target project to be shared with CVS.
Source folders must always begin beneath the project, not above it. See the Eclipse Java Development Tools documentation for more information on source folders.
How do I check out a module definition as a Java project?
To check out a module that is defined in the CVSROOT/modules file as a Java project, you may have to pre-create the target project as a java project in the workspace before performing the "Check Out".
Why does the bin directory keep appearing in the Synchronize view?
JDT marks most of its build output as being derived resources so that CVS and other repository types can easily ignore these resources from version control. However, if you define custom source and build output folders, the newly created build output folder will not be marked as derived. In many cases the root build output folder is named bin. To ignore this folder, select it in the navigator and choose Team > Add to .cvsignore, then commit the .cvsignore file to the repository so that the bin folder will be ignored at all times for that project.
If a resources whose name matches a pattern in the .cvsignore also exists in the repository, then this resource is not ignored. For the case of the bin folder, chances are that the bin folder was committed to the repository at some point. The solution is to purge this directory from the repository.
How do I use CVS keywords in Java templates?
Substitute the usual keyword (e.g. $Revision: 1.59 $) with the $ escaped version (e.g. $$Revision: 1.59 $$).
I'm working with a virtual module defined in the CVSROOT/modules file. How do I commit the .project and/or .classpath file?
The easiest way to address this problem is to create a project in the repository whose purpose is to hold the .project and .classpath files for your module. For example, if your module definition is my-module &sub-dir1 &sub-dir2 you could change it to my-module my-module-project &sub-dir1 $sub-dir2 where my-module-project is an new folder on the CVS server. Committing the .project and .classpath files would create the files in this folder.
Compatibility Between CVS Command-line Client and Eclipse
Does Eclipse use [WinCVS|CVS command-line client] to talk to the server?
No. Eclipse implements a CVS client in Java that talks directly to the server using the documented CVS protocol. No external CVS client is required.
The command-line CVS client stores information in CVS folders. Does Eclipse do the same thing? If so, where are the folders?
Eclipse stores CVS sync information in CVS/ folders in the same way as the command-line CVS client does. However, you rarely see these folders within Eclipse. They are marked using a Core facility called "team-private" which causes them to be hidden from view. If you open a (non-Eclipse) file explorer you will see that these directories and their contents appear on the file system.
Is Eclipse compatible with the command-line CVS client?
Eclipse Team CVS stores its meta information in a format that is compatible with the command-line CVS client. Thus you should be able to use a CVS command line client against Eclipse workspace files on disk. Please note that this support is experimental, and you may run into problems. However, we are very interested in making this work, so please report any bugs you find.
Whenever you use external tools to modify workspace files, you must perform a Refresh from within Eclipse to make the workspace aware of the changes.
You may encounter unexpected behaviour when using the command-line CVS client in conjunction with deleted folders. Eclipse's CVS support keeps track of deleted folders and their contents so that, on the next synchronization, the Synchronize view can properly report on the changes. This information is kept outside of the CVS meta folder structure. This is because in CVS you normally inform the repository of deletions prior to deleting them locally, which is a different workflow than we like to support in the Synchronization view. Thus it is recommended that you do not use the command-line CVS client while you have pending deletions to commit. In some circumstances it could cause the Synchronize view to display incorrect contents, although it should not cause any lost work.
There are some other known issues when using Eclipse with an external CVS client:
- Eclipse is built on top of Java and Java determines file timestamps on some file systems differently then the CVS command line client. This can lead to the appearance of outgoing changes when no changes have been made to a file (see bug 12070 for more details).
- Cygwin clients treat the windows file system as if it is a Unix file system and thus use Unix line endings. This is not a problem for Eclipse but CVS clients running from Cygwin do not handle windows style line terminators in the CVS meta files well. The workaround is to configure Eclipse CVS to use Unix line endings in files and met-files. This is done by disabling the Team>CVS>Convert text files to use platform line ending preference (available in Eclipse 3.0 and beyond).
- Eclipse has an extssh connection method which uses an internal SSH client. This method is incompatible with other CVS clients. To avoid this, users can configure the ext connection method in Eclipse to use the extssh connection method by choosing this option on the Team>CVS>EXT Connection Method preference page. Once set, the user can create repository locations using the ext connection method. These repositories will use extssh inside Eclipse and whatever SSH tool is configured for the command line client.
Can I import a project into Eclipse that was checked out using the command line?
Yes you can. However, you may encounter errors from the builder related to the copying of the CVS folders. This can have two causes. The first is when the project is imported before the CVS plugin is loaded. To avoid this problem, make sure you open one of the CVS views before importing the project. The second is due to a "race" on import between the CVS plugin and other plugins that react to the import. If the CVS plugin wins the race, then the CVS folders are hidden but if another plugin discovers the CVS folders first, it may cause the workbench to "know" about them and perform inappropriate actions on them. The best way to solve the problem is to run a Team>Update on the project and then shutdown and restart Eclipse (although closing and reopening the view in which the CVS folders appear may work as well). If this fails, you may need to check the projects out from your repository using Eclipse instead of the command line client.
There is a plugin named org.eclipse.team.cvs.delta available on the [http://dev.eclipse.org/viewcvs/index.cgi/%7Echeckout%7E/platform-vcm-home/dev.html Development Resources] page that loads on startup and ensures that CVS folders are properly hidden. If you import CVS projects often, you may want to use this plugin.
Why does Eclipse corrupt my *.jar, *.zip, etc. files?
This problem is caused by the keyword substitution mode assigned to the file on the server. Any binary files must be marked as -kb. The default for CVS is to mark unknown file types as text. CVS provides cvswrappers and the cvs admin command to set file types.
There are some cases where CVS folders are not hidden from the UI as the user would expect. For instance, CVS folders will appear if a user imports a CVS project into Eclipse before the CVS plug-in is loaded. To avoid this, open the CVS Repositories view (thus loading the CVS plug-in) before importing CVS projects into Eclipse.
When I use the command-line CVS on my project, why go I get "resource out of sync" errors?
This occurs when files that are resources in Eclipse are modified outside of Eclipse. One solution is to perform a refresh (available from a resource's popup menu) on any resources or projects that where modified outside of Eclipse. Another is to enable the Refresh Automatically preference on the General>Workspace preference page.
Working with Patches
How do I send someone a patch?
If you have modified a project that you checked out from CVS, you may want to send those changes to someone else. This often occurs when you do not have commit rights, but want to send the changes to someone who does. To create a patch file:
- Select the changed project in the Navigator or other view.
- Context Menu->Team->Create Patch...
- Select a location for the patch.
- Use E-mail or other delivery method to send the patch to someone else.
Note that, as of Eclipse 3.2, Create patch can be run with multiple projects selected.
How do I apply a patch that someone sent me?
To apply a patch, such as one generated in the previous step, do
the following:- Select the changed project in the Navigator or other view.
- Context Menu->Compare With->Patch...
- Fill in the location of the patch file
- Click Next. A summary of changed files will appear.
- Click Finish. The changes are now merged into the workspace.
- Context Menu->Team->Synchronize. You may now commit the changes into the repository.
Linux Issues
On Red Hat 8, Eclipse fails to make a checkout but it works with other clients. Why?
The problem may be the encoding in /etc/sysconfig/i18n file. If the language encoding is:
changing it to
should fix the problem.
Windows Issues
Eclipse crashed Windows 2000 (blue screen) when performing a CVS operation. What happened?
Instances of this have been reported that involve the NDIS.sys driver and particular brands of network cards (see bug 21276).
Eclipse always times out when performing a Synchronize on one or two particular machines?
Instances of this have been reported that involve the VIA on-board network cards (see bug 27077). Changing the network card fixed the problem.
Why do CVS operations slow down when I am connected to my network/dial-up?
I have a large number of entries in my hosts file for anti-ad software - and when I'm connected, name resolution (even to localhost) slows to a crawl. When I'm not connected, localhost gets resolved at normal speed. I think this might be a "feature" of 2000/XP - it didn't happen in NT.
Why do all my files show as outgoing changes?
The CVS plugin uses timestamps of the files on disk to track the modification state of versioned files. As a result, there are some cases where Windows users may find that as a result of either (1) an automatic daylight savings change or (2) moving files between file systems, that all the files show up as outgoing changes. See Bug 5337 for an explanation of the problem and workarounds. Thers is a utility action that will reset the timestamps so the files are in-sync with CVS. Be warned however that this utility resets the timestamps for any file whose timestamp differs from the sync timestamp by 1 hour. There is a possibility that this could reset a file that is really dirty. Use at your own risk. To use the action, install the plugin found here and them run the CVS Util/Fix Timestamps command available from the context menu of the Resource Navigator.
I get a "<filename> is an invalid name on this platform." when updating or synchronizing How do I fix it?
One way to fix it is to rename the file/folder so it doesn't conflict with the Windows naming rules. If you do not do this, Synchronizing will always have an error. However, for the case of an empty directory, CVS update can be configured to work by going to the Windows>Preferences dialog and finding the Team>CVS>Update/Merge preference page. On that page select the "Never preview and use CVS text markup to indicate conflicts" option.
CVS with SSPI (and CVSNT)
You need a version of CVSNT installed. If you have installed TortoiseCVS then you have a copy already.
Edit "extnt.ini" in "C:\Program Files\CVSNT" and add the following section:
[my-cvs] protocol=sspi hostname=my-cvs.example.com directory=/cvs/repository
- [my-cvs] = any identifier you want. Here the simple hostname of the CVS repository is used.
- hostname = the same host as your CVS connection string
- directory = the same as the CVS Repository location in your CVS connection string.
Add an environment variable CVS_RSH=C:\Program Files\CVSNT\extnt.exe
From a command line try (don't try using extnt.exe directly):
cvs -d :ext:.@my-cvs:/cvs/repository version
Note: the user doesn't need to be specified as by default it will use the currently logged in user.
You will see output like:
C:\Program Files\CVSNT>cvs -d :ext:.@my-cvs:/cvs/repository version Client: Concurrent Versions System (CVSNT) 2.5.03 (Scorpio) Build 2382 (client/server) Server: Concurrent Versions System (CVSNT) 2.5.03 (Scorpio) Build 2260 (client/server)
In eclipse Windows > Preference browse to Team > CVS > Ext Connection
- CVS_RSH=C:\Program Files\CVSNT\extnt.exe
- Parameters={host}
- CVS_Server=cvsnt
Now open the CVS Repository Exploring perspective and create a new Repository Location. Paste :ext:.@my-cvs:/cvs/repository into the host field (Eclipse will automatically parse this and populate the correct fields) Click Finish and you should have working CVS access.
p.s. I recommend not using extnt.exe directly as I spent a few hours guessing the format (I probably should have looked up CVS_RSH definitions) and failed to get anyway. But as soon as I used cvs (which invokes extnt.exe for me) I had no problems connecting.
Is there any equivalent to CVS_CLIENT_LOG in Eclipse?
Yes, there are tracing facilities in Eclipse that will allow you to see what messages are being communicated between the CVS client and server. Here's how:
- Create a file named ".options" in the directory you start Eclipse from
(in most cases this is the directory that contains the executable but
it may differ in some cases: for instance, if you use a shortcut in windows
and specify a different starting directory) that contains the following
2 lines that enable CVS debugging.
org.eclipse.team.cvs.core/debug=true org.eclipse.team.cvs.core/cvsprotocol=true
- Start Eclipse with the following parameters tailored to your
local setup (The below example is for windows). The important aspects
are the use of java.exe instead of javaw.exe and the inclusion of the
-debug and -consolelog options. These will cause the debug console to
be visible and for debugging output to appear in the console.
C:\eclipse\eclipse.exe -vm C:\jre\bin\java.exe -data C:\eclipse\workspace -debug -consolelog
- Inside Eclipse, create your repo location and expand it in
the repositories view (for example). The CVS command traffic in the
debug console should contains an invocation of the update command that
looks something like (this is output from dev.eclipse.org):
CMD> cvs -n update -d "." ... update E cvs server: Updating . E cvs server: New directory `CVSROOT' -- ignored E cvs server: New directory `jdt-core-home' -- ignored E cvs server: New directory `jdt-debug-home' -- ignored ...
What is the .project file, and should I release it to CVS?
The .project file is created and maintained by Eclipse. It stores meta-information about the project, such as which projects it references and what type of project it is. If other members of your team will be using Eclipse to check out this project from CVS, you almost certainly want to release the .project file to CVS. Even if other members of your team are not using Eclipse, you may still want to release the .project file so that the information is persisted for you.
I don't have update access to the CVS repository. Can I still check out a project with Eclipse?
In some circumstances, depending on permissions on the server, you may not be able to browse the repository in the CVS Repositories view. In this case, it may still be possible to check out the project you want.
- Create an empty project.
- Context Menu->Team->Share Project...
- Enter the repository information and click Finish
- The Synchronize view appears. Update all incoming changes.
The project in your workspace is now shared with the CVS repository, and contains the remote contents.
What does "Terminated with fatal signal 10" mean?
There is a bug in the CVS server related to some compression levels. If you get this error, change the compression level on the CVS preferences page and see if that helps.
I copied some folders from one CVS project to another and the old CVS information remained. What happened?
There is a bug in the CVS client in Eclipse 2.0 that will not purge the CVS folders properly if a folder under CVS control is moved into a folder that is not under CVS control. If this occurs, you will need to delete the CVS folders manually.
The particular method you have chosen to populate your workspace (i.e. create a new project and then sync against a large existing one) happens to be one of the most ineffiecient operations in the Eclipse CVS client. The CVS protocol does not support this type of operation directly which results in the ineffiecient, communication intensive operation. The proper way to populate your workspace is to use "Checkout as Project" from the CVS Repositories view. Once the project and its contents exists locally, the synchronize operations should be much faster.
Does Eclipse support Watch/Edit?
Eclipse does have support for Watch/Edit but there are some incompatibilities between the advanced features of Eclipse and CVS Watch/Edit.
- In Eclipse 3.0 and beyond, certain operations (e.g. Compare with Latest from HEAD, opeing a comparison from the Syncyhronize view, Compare with Revision) will cause the edit state on the server to be lost (bug 41331).
- In Eclipse 3.2, there was new funtionality introduced that interferes with Watch/Edit enabled on the server (bug 142728). To work around this, you need to do the following:
- Open the Window>Preferences dialog, select the Team>CVS>Update/Merge section and enable the Never preview and use CVS test markup to indicate conflicts option.
- Select the Team>CVS>Synchronize/Compare section and disable the Allow models to participate in synchronizations option.
Why do I get a "Pre-commit failed" error with no detailed error message?
The problem is that the CVS server communicates the error details as M messages instead of E messages and so the error handling in Eclipse doesn't display them. Eclipse has a CVS console which you can open from the Window>Show View>Other menu command. If this view is open and you run the failing commit, it will show you the error details.
Why can't I get my pserver CVS proxy to work?
There are some quirks with some firewalls. See bug 133930 for details.
Synchronizing has some regressions in Eclipse 3.2. Why?
In 3.2, we introduced the concept of a model-based synchronization. This type of synchronization allows model providers (e.g. Java) to participate in the display of elements in the Synchronize view. This amounted to a total rewrite and we just didn't have the time or resources to implement the full funtionality that was available in the old-style synchronization. If you are missing funtionality that you require or just prefer the look and feel of the old view, you can disable the model-based sync by going to the Team>CVS>Synchronize/Compare preference page and unchecking "Allow models to participate in Synchronizations". You can also change the Update option on the Team>CVS>Update/Merge prefernece page to "Never preview and use CVS text markup" as the other options make use of the model-based synchronization.
Pruning always happens when checking out from a branch.
As discussed in bug 159480 and indicated in the CVS doc, prune empty directories is the default when you checkout a project and specify a branch with the -r option. There appears to be no option to turn off pruning.


text: The Farm Bill is one of the most cost-effective and successful conservation programs in our nation's history. And it's a critical tool for Trout Unlimited and other conservation groups working to protect our rivers and streams and, by extension, fishing and hunting opportunities on both private and public land. Across the nation, TU is partnering with ranchers and farmers to upgrade irrigation systems, adopt stream-friendly management practices, and enhance both habitat and agricultural operations. This is exciting work. We're making a huge difference on the ground, restoring streams and opening up hundreds of miles of habitat for fish and game, and of course, for anglers and hunters. Much of this work would not be possible without Farm Bill conservation programs, which leverage resources and bring people together to get things done. With the help of these win-win programs: Utah rancher Dave Bess replaced the old irrigation system on his land with new efficient sprinklers, cutting his water use in half while boosting healthy stream flows for native cutthroat trout in the Little Bear River. As a result, big, migrating Bonneville cutthroat trout are now able to access spawning habitat, and anglers are able to chase these big fish in waters on public land. TU worked with farmers in the Driftless Area of Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota on riparian planting projects that keep sediment and nutrients out of streams in order to improve water quality and fisheries in downstream rivers in the upper Mississippi basin. This has resulted in new and improved fishing opportunity throughout the region. Project partners restored a section of Beaver Creek, a tributary to Chesapeake Bay, reducing erosion and setting the stage for the reintroduction of native brook trout. This makes the prospect of fishing for native brookies in waters where they belong very real. Repeat these stories hundreds of times—across millions of acres and thousands of streams and watersheds—and you get some idea of the impact of Farm Bill conservation programs. In 2012, these great conservation advances are in danger of being scuttled and rolled back. The Farm Bill is up for reauthorization this year, and its hard-working conservation programs are under a very real threat of severe funding cuts. We're all for the Farm Bill contributing its share of cuts to help with our nation's budget deficit. Trout Unlimited supports a recently passed Senate Agriculture Committee Farm Bill that already trimmed 10 percent from the conservation programs. That's a tough cut, but it's fair, and not crippling. Furthermore, the Senate Agriculture Committee Bill would make the conservation programs even more cost-effective by ensuring that they produce fisheries habitat benefits on a broader watershed and landscape level scale. But some lawmakers would approach this task with a chainsaw. They need to keep this in mind: For decades, these smart, targeted investments have helped our farmers and ranchers improve their operations and stay competitive while safeguarding our nation's soil, water and fish and game habitat. In these tough times, they create jobs and boost local businesses and economies.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Customer Experience Management
What it is and why it matters
Customer experience is defined as your customers' perceptions – both conscious and subconscious – of their relationship with your brand resulting from all their interactions with your brand during the customer life cycle.
As for customer experience management, Gartner sums it up pretty well in its definition: "the practice of designing and reacting to customer interactions to meet or exceed customer expectations and, thus, increase customer satisfaction, loyalty and advocacy."
Customer experience management is about more than serving your online customers. It's about more than knowing where customers shop and what brand of dog food they buy. It's about knowing your customers so completely that you can create and deliver personalized experiences that will entice them to not only remain loyal to you, but also to evangelize to others about you – and that's the most valuable form of advertising there is.
Gaining this depth of knowledge about customers isn't something that just happens. It comes from extracting customer insight from all touch points and channels across your entire organization. It's about harnessing mountains of customer data from online channels and beyond, and extracting valuable insight from that data with speed and precision.
Why customer experience management is important
The concept of customer experience may sound idealistic or touchy-feely, but anyone who dismisses it as such is woefully out of touch. In fact, customer experience has become a critical differentiator in today's hyper-competitive, hyper-connected global marketplace. There's tangible business value in managing the customer experience effectively. Good customer experience management can:
- Strengthen brand preference through differentiated experiences.
- Boost revenue with incremental sales from existing customers and new sales from word of mouth.
- Improve customer loyalty (and create advocates) through valued and memorable customer interactions.
- Lower costs by reducing customer churn.
Marketing Insights
Explore insights from marketing movers and shakers on a variety of timely topics.
More on customer experience management
Challenges marketers face
- Creating consistent brand experiences across channels. While customers may be willing to accept different service levels from different channels, they expect your brand value proposition to remain consistent. But channel proliferation makes it difficult to ensure such consistency across all channels.
- Integrating channel and brand experiences. An integrated channel experience is highly desirable, but hard to achieve. Technology, legacy processes and organizational territorialism can all be barriers.
- Consolidating data into a single view of the customer. Having a single view of the customer across interactions, channels, products and time would facilitate creating unified, coordinated customer communications. Departmental silos, fragmented data and inconsistent processes make this challenge seem insurmountable.
Three steps to getting customer experience management right
So many things can affect the customer experience, how do you know where to start? Here are three steps to successful customer experience management:
- Create and maintain complete customer profiles.
- Personalize all customer interactions.
- Get the right information to the right place at the right time – every time.
Create and maintain complete customer profiles
To deliver a stellar customer experience, you have to know your customer better than ever before. That means creating and maintaining complete customer profiles that help you understand and measure your customers' journeys at every touch point across multiple channels. The more you know your customers, the more effective you'll be at delivering relevant offers to them. The more relevant your offers are, the closer the relationship between your business and your customer becomes – driving metrics like loyalty and retention.
Historically, companies have used structured data – e.g., demographic, transactional and log data – to construct customer profiles. Today, you must include emerging types of data – social media, video, RFID, sensor, geolocation, etc. – tied together with cross-channel coordination. And add contact, response and transactional history interspersed throughout the customer life cycle, as well as customer value, profitability, behavioral analysis and propensity scores.
By analyzing traditional, structured data in conjunction with newer types of data, you can:
- Learn how to improve the customer experience at specific touch points.
- Understand what your customers want and expect you to do for them.
- Make better decisions faster.
Make it personal
Once you have a thorough understanding of the customer, you can use that knowledge to personalize every interaction. Remember to not only focus on the customer, but also on the context in which the customer operates. Your data can help you maintain that focus, particularly if you continue to enrich existing (core) data with new sources. By adding context to your customer focus, you can deliver relevant, insightful offers, recommendations, advice and service actions when a customer is most receptive.
Remember that customers have more presence, power and choice than ever before. If you don't provide a personal, relevant, timely and insightful message, you will alienate them immediately. But if you do, you will drive brand loyalty.
Right message, right place, right time – every time
To deliver the most value at each customer touch point – and improve the customer experience – you need to map analytics to specific stages in the customer life cycle so you can deliver the right message to the right place at the right time. Each life cycle stage is important – from initial consideration, to active evaluation, to the moment of purchase and even to the post-purchase experience. Each stage is an opportunity to improve the customer experience. And each stage is an opportunity to gain more insight that you can feed back into your marketing processes to draw from the next time.


text:
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Latest update: 15 April 2024


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Blog post
Key opportunities for eye health and well being
Eye health and sight loss services have historically had a lower profile in service provision compared to many other specialities. There is a view that the importance of eye health has been underrepresented in many Sustainability and Transformation Partnership (STP) plans.
Blog post
Integrating health and care services - what works? It's complicated…
Coinciding nicely with the NHS 70th Birthday celebrations and the parallel discussions of 'where next and how to do it better' for the NHS, last we
Blog post
Do you like to integrate horizontally or vertically? NHS positions examined
Our latest research paper explores the impact of the different options for integration implemented as a result of the Transforming Community Services policy in 2010. This accompanying commentary reflects on potential implications for the current policy drive towards Integrated Care Systems.
Blog post
What works for primary care led integration?
We recently shared highlights from our realist synthesis on primary care-led integrated models, at the Health Policy and Planning Network workshop. Take a look at our presentation for a flavour of our findings ahead of publication later in the summer.
Blog post
HSJ Article - Why are A&Es feeling the strain?
Article published by HSJ on 3rd November 2017.


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The committee conducting the search for Princeton University's next president has created a website to provide information about the search and to invite comments and suggestions.
Visitors to the site are asked for their views about the major challenges, opportunities and issues facing Princeton, the major areas in which the next president will need to provide leadership, and the principal qualities, characteristics, skills and experiences that the committee should seek. Visitors to the site are also invited to suggest specific candidates and offer any other thoughts they believe would be helpful. Submissions to the site will only be shared with the 17 members of the search committee.
The committee will be undertaking other outreach efforts, including open forums and other meetings, both on campus and off. One open forum will take place as part of the regularly scheduled Nov. 12 meeting of the Council of the Princeton University Community (CPUC) in Friend Center Room 101. The meeting will begin at 4:30 p.m. At 7:30 p.m. that evening an open forum will be scheduled for members of the local community in Robertson Hall, Room 016. Other open forums and meetings will be announced through the committee's website as they are scheduled.
"We hope that any members of the on-campus Princeton community, the alumni body or the off-campus community who have views they would like to share with the committee will do so through the website or will attend one of the forums or meetings that we will be conducting," said Kathryn Hall, the chair of the committee. "Especially at this early stage of the process, we are eager to hear from anyone who has suggestions about how we can best fulfill our responsibility to identify Princeton's 20th president."
Princeton's current president, Shirley M. Tilghman, has announced her intention to step down from her position at the end of the 2012-13 academic year after serving for 12 years as Princeton's 19th president.


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#3161 - 6 SPOKE WHEEL BLACK CHROME (83x56mm/2pcs)
Savage/for 14mm Hex Wheel Hub/Black Chrome
The HPI Racing 6 Spoke Wheels for the Savage series of monster trucks are now available in a Black Chrome finish. The new finish gives a unique dark tint to the highly reflective shiny chrome surface. Slam these awesome beadlock style wheels on your Savage to give your truck a powerful look! These wheels are fully compatible with all Savage, T-Maxx and E-Maxx monster trucks. Featuring the same beefy high impact nylon construction as the standard Savage wheels, they are available in white, black, satin chrome, black chrome and realistic aluminium matte chrome finishes. There?s no easier way to customize the look of your truck than with a new set of wheels!
Also available in the following finishes: #3115 6 SPOKE WHEEL WHITE (83X56MM/2PCS) #3116 6 SPOKE WHEEL BLACK (83X56MM/2PCS) #3117 6 SPOKE WHEEL SHINY CHROME (83X56MM/2PCS) #3119 6 SPOKE WHEEL MATTE CHROME (83X56MM/2PCS) #3161 6 SPOKE WHEEL BLACK CHROME (83X56MM/2PCS) These wheels also fit directly on the E-Savage! To fit 17mm hex hub wheels on the E-Savage, use the #86925 17mm HEX HUB SET FOR E-SAVAGE.


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I am about to reveal to you some key facts that hardwood flooring manufacturers do not tell you about and it could save you thousands of dollars on your next hardwood floor.
Being an owner of a third generation family flooring business, I have seen flooring stores come and go all the time. I have seen gimmicks and tricks from manufacturers, representing their flooring products with impressive statistics and new "technologies" to guide people into how "their" product is better than the next. Sometimes the changes in product are actually viable and do work, but others are just plain nonsense.
Let's talk about some things you may not know when it comes to hardwood flooring, both engineered and solid hardwood.
Did you know that wood flooring has a comfort level too? Wood flooring will perform best when the indoor environment in which it is to be installed has a relative humidity range of 35 to 55 percent and a temperature range from 60 to 80 degrees Fahrenheit. This is about the same comfort range that we as humans enjoy.
Let's talk about the first thing you must do as an installer and the home owner. Ready for this…READ THE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST! Before you go gung ho and rip open the boxes, as most men do, take 10 minutes and read the complete instructions for the material provided. There should be a copy that comes in every box of material. Sit back, have a beer, and READ!
Now that we have that clearly understood, you need to INSPECT to know what to EXPECT!
1. Acclimation: The moisture content of the wood and subfloor must be within 2-4 percentage points of each other and the subfloor must not exceed 12% moisture content. The farther the percentage points are away from the subfloor moisture percentage, the more problems you will have. For proper acclimation, material must achieve room temperature (65-80 degrees F) for 24 hours PRIOR to installation. This means that the heat has to be on and working way before you try to install the flooring. To get proper acclimation, store the material according to the manufacturer's directions. The instructions will specify whether to store opened or unopened and whether to store in the center of the room or at the edges. This leads into the next big topic of moisture content.
2. Moisture Content: What is the ideal moisture content of the actual hardwood product? Every manufacturer will very slightly, but the average approved moisture content in the hard wood flooring itself should be between 6-9%. For example, if the moisture content of the subfloor is 12% and the hardwood flooring is 9% there is a 3% difference between the two wood products, which is in the allowable tolerance of installation. Although some movement can be expected even in this range, dramatic expansion and contraction can happen outside of these measurements. There are several electronic moisture meters available on the market to test the moisture content of the hardwood and subfloor. These are generally a pin probe type meter and they can give you an immediate reading of your wood's moisture level. It is very important that it is set to the species of wood that you are installing and that you take moisture measurements from several boxes of material and from several areas of the subfloor throughout the area that is to be installed.
3. Climate Control: Climate control might be the single most common reason for customer dissatisfaction with their hardwood purchase. It is CRITICAL, that the proper temperature and humidity level be maintained throughout the life of the hardwood installation. Improper climate control will result in the material swelling in the summer and shrinking, or gapping, in the winter. Without proper climate control within the house, gapping and shrinking will definitely occur. In the Northwest we do not have a huge problem with this issue unless there is a device used in the home which dries out the air to an extreme amount like a wood stove. This is why a pot of water is ALWAYS recommended to be kept on the wood stove when using it as a heat source. The pot of water keeps moisture in the air. Special Note: Some products that are constructed with HDF cores, are more stable and less prone to expanding and contracting.
4. Floating Floors: A key thing people miss when installing floating floors is to allow for an expansion gap around the room. Just as real dimensional lumber expands and contracts, so does your floor. There must be enough space left at vertical surfaces, like walls and posts to allow for this movement. The larger the area the more space that is required. Rule #1 – Always leave the required expansion gap called for by the manufacturer. Rule #2 – If your installer says that it is not necessary, fire them and refer to rule number one.
You can cover all expansion gaps with wood wall base or quarter round wood trim or a combination of the two.
5. Expansion Joint: Expansion joints are almost always required between rooms, where a room meets a hall or in large expanses. You can use a "T" molding in these areas to allow for the floor expansion and contraction.
6. Moisture Control: Here is a big one! Moisture in the subfloor, called "hydrostatic pressure or vapor emissions", is a MAJOR reason for flooring failures. The subfloor is not to exceed 65% relative humidity. There are several moisture meters that can be used on the floor that provide accurate readings, or a calcium chloride test, used for "concrete floors". If your wood subfloor is above 12% with a meter, do not lay the floor. If your wood subfloor is above 12% then you have to find out why – it could be a new floor and just needs to dry out. If you have concrete floors, you have to find out the source of the moisture. If you still cannot figure out why the floor is above 12%, don't use hardwood. Period. I mean it…you will kick yourself. If your floor is OK to install, remember to always float an engineered floor over 8 mil plastic when going over concrete so as to eliminate and minimize water vapor coming through the concrete floor.
7. Glue down Flooring: In residential installations, most flooring that is engineered is either click together or tongue and grove. I don't think I, personally, would ever glue down an engineered floor. It is an acceptable way to install but I find that it is terrible to rip out years later. Either glue it together or click it together but don't glue it down to the subfloor unless you have a very specific reason to. I have seen more problems even stapling it down to the subfloor. Stapling down your engineered floor will just lead to squeaks and creeks that will drive you nuts. Pull out the instructions that you threw in the garbage and look up the manufacture's installation methods, then go file the instructions with your purchase receipt for future reference.
8. Nail Down Flooring: A very common mistake we have seen in solid flooring installations is proper nail length, gauge of the nail, and spacing between nails. Always refer to the manufacture and double check the subfloor thickness. When using a pneumatic nailer, pay close attention to proper PSI settings.
9. Natural Product Variations: One of the inherent beauties of hardwood is the differences between boards and how much or little they accept stain. No two pieces will ever be alike and that is one thing that makes wood flooring so luxurious and realistic compared to laminate flooring. Pay careful attention to the layout and selecting the color and grain of each board when you are working with the product. Work out of 4-5 boxes at a time when doing a layout, this will randomize any variations between boxes of hardwood.
10. Culled Material: In every natural product like wood, there will be some pieces that, while not defective, and within industry standards, are not what the consumer, you, wants visually. Generally allow for 5-10% waste factor on material. This means that you need to buy 5-10% more material then what your job physically measures out to be. Larger jobs of 1000+ sf could work with 5% while jobs under that square footage can figure 10%.
When buying material from the "Big Box" stores you have to keep in mind that when they purchase materials for a "stocking special" they purchase a product that they can sell at the lowest possible price to use in their ads. This means that the hardwood that they pick up is "Tavern Grade" which means it does not meet the specs of normal running line material. The product will have more voids, mis-filled holes in the face of the hardwood, warped boards both side to side and up and down, and broken toungs. This product will have a lot more waste factor to it, even as much as 20-25% compared to the professional flooring stores stocking inventory. Buyer beware, what you could think is saving you that 10% difference in price, could be costing you 20-25% more in having to buy more wood for the same size job. Oh, and by the way, always keep 1-3 full boxes of material for doing repairs. Do not return them to the store. You will NEVER be able to match the floor again should you need to. Paint would fall into this same realm of thinking. When you need to touch up a wall, they will NEVER be able to exactly match the color. In hardwood there is not only color to match but grain of the wood, board width, color and the number one factor, gloss level of the hardwood or "luster".
11. Scratches: All hardwoods scratch – it's a fact of life. You just cannot change it. You will scratch, scuff, and dent your hardwood under the right conditions. Scratches occur more frequently under chair legs that are small in diameter and at entry areas where abrasion dirt is tracked in on the bottom of shoes. The industry has developed more scratch resistant surfaces like those containing aluminum oxide, they tend to show less scratching but the wood still dents under pressure. To help save your floors use felt chair protectors under all of your free standing chairs. Area rugs are great for rolling chairs in the kitchen, or replace the cheap plastic wheels with rubber barrel casters. The more expensive casters will spread the weight of the chair out more efficiently. The best first line of defense is an area rug by the front door or a tiled entry way to catch the dirt and sand "before" it gets dragged across the hardwood floors. Good rules of thumb, shoes get checked at the door.
12. Cleaning: For heaven sakes ask a flooring professional! Your wood floors are tough but they are delicate when it comes to moisture and cleaners. Throughout this article we have talked about moisture, now we don't want to ruin the floor by trying to maintain it improperly. Follow the manufacturer's instructions.
DO NOT: Use a wet mop system, a steamer, a bucket and mop, any "Wax" finish, no soaps, no polishes, and for heaven's sakes do not over wet your floor with a wet mop.
The best way to clean your floor is to use a microfiber mop and spray a professional hardwood cleaner onto the mop head, to dampen the head, and then clean your floor. If you see streaking or a wet trail, you have used too much cleaner and immediately wipe up the excess with a terry cloth towel.
If you treat your hardwood floors with the love you would treat your wood dining room table, you will be happy for years to come.


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What Singing Fruit Flies Can Tell Us About Quick Decisions
What can fruitflies tell us about decision making?
You wouldn't hear the mating song of the male fruit fly as you reached for the infested bananas in your kitchen. Yet, the neural activity behind the insect's amorous call could help scientists understand how you made the quick decision to pull your hand back from the tiny swarm.
Male fruit flies base the pitch and tempo of their mating song on the movement and behavior of their desired female, Princeton University researchers have discovered. In the animal kingdom, lusty warblers such as birds typically have a mating song with a stereotyped pattern. A fruit fly's song, however, is an unordered series of loud purrs and soft drones made by wing vibrations, the researchers reported in the journal Nature. A male adjusts his song in reaction to his specific environment, which in this case is the distance and speed of a female — the faster and farther away she's moving, the louder he "sings."
While the actors are small, the implications of these findings could be substantial for understanding rapid decision-making, explained corresponding author Mala Murthy, a Princeton assistant professor of molecular biology and the Princeton Neuroscience Institute. Fruit flies are a common model for studying the systems of more advanced beings such as humans, and have the basic components of more complex nervous systems, she said.
The researchers have provided a possible tool for studying the neural pathways behind how an organism engaged in a task adjusts its behavior to sudden changes, be it a leopard chasing a zigzagging gazelle, or a commuter navigating stop-and-go traffic, Murthy said. She and her co-authors created a model that could predict a fly's choice of song in response to its changing environment, and identified the neural pathways involved in these decisions.
"Here we have natural courtship behavior and we have this discovery that males are using information about their sensory environment in real time to shape their song. That makes the fly system a unique model to study decision-making in a natural context," Murthy said.
"You can imagine that if a fly can integrate visual information quickly to modulate his song, the way in which it does that is probably a very basic equivalent of how a more complicated animal solves a similar problem," she said. "To figure out at the level of individual neurons how flies perform sensory-motor integration will give us insight into how a mammalian brain does it and, ultimately, maybe how a human brain does it."
Aravi Samuel, a Harvard University professor of neuroscience who studies the brain and behavior using roundworms and fruit fly larvae, said that the researchers conducted the kind of "rigorous" behavioral analysis that is essential to understanding the brain's circuitry."Neuroscience isn't just making electrical recordings of circuits or finding molecules that affect circuit properties," said Samuel, who is familiar with the research but had no role in it. "It also is about understanding the behavior itself, from sensory input to motor output. Understanding the computation the animal is making by studying the animal is the proper framework for future mechanistic studies.
"The findings align with existing research that suggests that there is in fact a hidden pattern and predictability to seemingly random behavior, Murthy said. The researchers cited a 2010 paper in the journal Science that found that a person's movements are highly predictable. Researchers based at Northeastern University studied three months of cellphone data for 50,000 randomly selected people. They used phone company records of the cell towers each person passed by to determine where and how far an individual traveled. They found that a person's route and destination could be predicted 93 percent of the time on average, and no individual could be pegged less than 80 percent of the time.
In that same vein, variability in the songs of fruit flies and other animals had long been considered to be disruptions, or "noise," in the brain processes that produced those sounds, Murthy said. Like the movement of those cellphone customers, the songs were assumed to be random. Instead, the Princeton group's results show that the songs of fruit flies at least are deliberate and predictable reactions to the environment.
"No one expected that male fruit flies might be fine-tuning their courtship signals based on what the female is doing in real time," Murthy said. "We were able to test that for the first time and discover that actually there's a very small number of sensory cues the male is using to shape his song structure. That overturns the canonical view that animal songs are variable simply because the nervous system is noisy.
"Scientists who study behavior in larger animals and even humans should emulate the Princeton researchers in challenging the conventional wisdom regarding how those organisms behave, Samuel said. "People previously looked at randomness in fruit fly behavior and automatically assumed intrinsic stochasticity [randomness] in circuit performance," he said.
"Murthy and her colleagues challenged that assumption and found it to be false. Now, they have carefully delineated a computation with multiple inputs that they can follow into the brain in a much more rigorous way," Samuel continued. "They know that the animal sees its neighbors, quantifies its movements, and uses that to calculate the song produced. They established that the fly's whimsical behavior is actually quite predictable when you go through the trouble of identifying all the relevant inputs."
When fruit flies court, the male chases the female as he vibrates his wings to produce roughly five-second serenades. About 20 percent of the time he spends pursuing a young female goes toward producing these vibrations, which are composed of a purr, or "pulse," and a buzzing sound known as "sine." The male switches off between the pulse and sine every several milliseconds, so that the two sounds seem almost simultaneous to the human ear.
To capture these sounds, the researchers constructed an octagonal chamber covered in copper mesh and fitted with nine high-fidelity microphones. They recorded more than 100,000 song "bouts," or the seconds-long strings of vibrations males produce whilst wooing. Murthy worked with first author and graduate student Philip Coen, postdoctoral researcher Jan Clemens and graduate student Diego Pacheco, all in the Princeton Neuroscience Institute; Andrew Weinstein, who received his bachelor's degree in molecular biology from Princeton in 2013; and Yi Deng, a former graduate student in Princeton's physics department and now at the University of Washington School of Medicine.
The researchers then placed a sexually mature male and female in the chamber to record the sounds of their courtship. The researchers genetically altered certain groups of flies so that they lacked specific senses. For instance, one group of males could not see, while another group was mute. Certain females were deaf, and nearly all the females were blind and invulnerable to pheromones to ensure that they responded selectively to a male's song.
The researchers found that, in general, males sang loudly — or produced more pulses — when females were farther away and moving quickly. Upon catching up to a female, males shifted to a song with more of the quieter sines. But various factors could change an encounter's outcome. For instance, males needed to be able to see the female to be attuned to her cues. Blind males and normal males plunged into darkness did not change their songs in response to female activity. Receptive females slowed down in response to song, while unreceptive females sped up. Independent of the female's behavior, however, both successful and unsuccessful males had a similar ability to adapt their song to a female's actions, Murthy said.
Importantly, the researchers found that the neural circuits that guide the male's movement also determine the pattern — the composition of pulses versus sines — of his song. One might assume that the male's visual neural circuits are at play because his song is a response to her movement, Murthy said. But when she and her colleagues prompted a male to sing in the absence of a female, his song pattern matched his motion. This arrangement could be for the sake of simplicity, she said. Instead of the fly's many sensory circuits such as vision linking to the circuits for movement and singing, singing is determined solely by locomotion. In other words, Murthy said, the fly's dance determines his song.
"These fly songs have a lot of variability. Each time the male produces a bout of song to a female, it's slightly different from the one he produced before," Murthy said. "He measures his distance to the female fly and he uses information about her speed, which translates into his speed because he's following her and chasing her. He's constantly integrating those two pieces of information to determine exactly how to pattern his song.
"That kind of variability makes flies an attractive model to try to understand how the sensory environment influences behavior," Murthy said.
In humans, Samuel said, the influence of our surroundings on our behavior is so vast that we couldn't be completely conscious of it. Perhaps, like the fly, human behavior might be much more predictable than it seems if scientists could inventory all of the determinants of our actions with the same thoroughness that Murthy and her co-authors achieved for fruit flies.
"These researchers were able to show that in fact what is unpredictable at first glance can really be thought of as almost a deterministic calculation, just one with several inputs," Samuel said.
"We like to think of ourselves as something other than machines, and that our thoughts and actions aren't entirely prescribed by quantifiable inputs," he said. "But it's not impossible that we are unconscious of most of the inputs that we are processing. And if we are, we might be much more predictable and less capable of whimsy than we give ourselves credit for. If we could stand outside ourselves, and plot all the input variables that go into our behaviors, we might find ourselves more like the predictable fruit fly, this would be paradigm shifting."
Philip Coen, Princeton Neuroscience Institute


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Call for an Appointment: 1-717-254-6540
SPINE and NEUROSURGICAL CARE
A Leader in the field of Brain, Spine, and Peripheral Nerve Surgery
(Balloon Vertebroplasty)
Procedure overview
Kyphoplasty is often discussed along with another procedure called vertebroplasty. These are used to treat fractures in the bones of the spine. These bones are called vertebrae.
During a vertebroplasty, the doctor injects a cementlike material into the bone to make it more stable. During a kyphoplasty, the doctor first inflates a balloonlike device in the bone to make space. The space is then filled with cement.
Reasons for the procedure
You may need a kyphoplasty if you have certain types of fractures, or broken areas, in your spine. In most cases, osteoporosis—or thinning of the bones—plays a role in these fractures. The fractures cause the bones to collapse or become compressed. The fractures can cause pain or lead you to develop a hunched-over posture.
The procedure may also be done if cancer has damaged a vertebra. A kyphoplasty may make the bone a little taller to help make up for the height it loses when it's compressed. The procedure may also relieve pain.
Usually doctors perform this procedure only after trying other treatments. These may include your wearing a back brace or taking pain medicine.
Risks of the procedure
The risks involved in a kyphoplasty include:
Increased back pain
Tingling, numbness, or weakness because of nerve damage
Allergic reactions to chemicals used during X-rays that help the doctor put the balloon in the right place
Cement leaking out of position
The amount of radiation used during an X-ray procedure is considered minimal; therefore, the risk for radiation exposure is low. But if you are pregnant or suspect that you may be pregnant, you should notify your health care provider.
There may be other risks, depending on your specific medical condition. Be sure to discuss any concerns with your doctor before the procedure.
Before the procedure
Your doctor will meet with you before the procedure to check your health. You will also have testing done. This may include X-rays or an MRI scan to help your doctor see the fractures. You may also have blood tests and a physical examination.
Talk with your doctor about any medications or supplements you're taking and if you have an allergy to any medications or to contrast agents, the dyes used during certain X-rays.
You may need to stop taking aspirin or other medicines that thin your blood before the procedure. You may be told to avoid eating or drinking anything for several hours before the surgery. Bring someone with you to the procedure to drive you home afterward.
An anesthesia provider will put an IV line into a vein to give you medicine. You will either be given medicine to relax you and keep you from feeling pain or to make you go to sleep before the surgery. You will lie face down on an operating table during the surgery. X-ray equipment will be nearby.
During the procedure
The doctor will insert a needle through your skin and back muscles and into the bone, then inflate the balloon. This opens a space for the pastelike cement and may help the bone regain its normal shape. Next, your doctor will inject the cement mixture into the bone while checking X-ray images to help ensure that the cement goes into the right place. The doctor will then remove the needle. You will not need stitches in your back.
The entire procedure will probably take less than an hour. If the doctor needs to treat more than one vertebra, the procedure may take longer. You will spend time in a recovery room after the surgery. You may be able to go home the same day, but your doctor may want you to stay overnight.
After the procedure
You may be able to start walking an hour after the procedure. You may feel some soreness where the needle was put into your back; this may last a few days. You may quickly notice that you have less pain in your back than you did before the surgery. Talk with your doctor about whether you should avoid any activities after the procedure.
Your doctor may suggest that you take certain vitamins, minerals, and medications to help strengthen your bones and prevent more fractures in your spine.
A Leader in the field of Brain, Spine, and Peripheral Nerve Surgery


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Krista Almanzan
Krista joined KAZU in 2007. She is an award winning journalist with more than a decade of broadcast experience. Her stories have won regional Edward R. Murrow Awards and honors from the Northern California Radio and Television News Directors Association. Prior to working at KAZU, Krista reported in Sacramento for Capital Public Radio and at television stations in Iowa. Like KAZU listeners, Krista appreciates the in-depth, long form stories that are unique to public radio. She's pleased to continue that tradition in the Monterey Bay Area.
Unmanned aerial vehicles can sound like a swarm of bees with a relentless buzzing noise. Now, drones can act like one as dozens are programmed to soar and work together.