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Neuroblastoma statistics
It can take several years to collect and confirm cancer data, so the number of new cancer cases and deaths from recent years may not be available for some time. The most recent data available are provided.
Neuroblastoma is included in statistics with endocrine system cancers, so numbers may not be exact for neuroblastoma.
Incidence and mortality @(Model.HeadingTag)>
Incidence is the total number of new cases of cancer. Mortality is the number of deaths due to cancer.
The most recent incidence statistics for endocrine system cancers in children aged 0 to 14 years are from 2012 to 2016:
- Approximately 160 Canadian children were diagnosed with endocrine system cancers.
The most recent mortality statistics for endocrine system cancers in children age 0 to 14 years are from 2013 to 2017:
- Approximately 57 Canadian children died from endocrine system cancers.
For more information about cancer statistics, go to Canadian Cancer Statistics.


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1. Caligula Ruled from 37 A.D. to 41 A.D. Technically just his nickname but as nicknames go it's pretty fun. This Roman emporor known for his cruelty and insanity was murdered by his own guards and enjoyed enough debauchery to impress even Hollywood (now that's saying something). I can't hear the name without hearing that Muppet Show song "Manamana" only with "Caligula."
2. Robert Mugabe President of Zibabwe since 1980 this tyrant has made life for Zibabweans less than ideal. He gets extra points for dominating a country with a cool name even though his first name is so . . . so . . . well, he gets a spot on the list for a fun last name. You think anyone calls him Bob?
3. Hosni Mubarak Current president of Egypt since the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981 he's Egypt's autocrat du jour. He doesn't get the publicity he deserves because hey, in the middle east you can't swing a dead cat without hitting an evil despot and exercising complete control over one's citizens is too commonplace to be newsworthy but he's making this list for his Jedi-like name. Hosni Mubarak, Jedi knight.
4. Genghis Khan Honestly, Kubla Khan is a better name "In Xanadu did Kubla Khan a stately pleasure dome decree where Alph the sacred river ran through caverns measureless to man down to a sunless sea" (I love S.T. Coleridge) but Genghis, his more famous predecessor who founded the Mongol Empire in the 13th and 14th centuries has the better name. You could argue he wasn't a despot at all but a military genius but somehow the line between military genius and totalitarian demagogue was rather hazy in the 14th century.
5. Chou En-lai Also perhaps not fully qualified as a true Evil Despot unless you count the fact he was one of the major leaders of Communism in China, bringing on the Revolution and the infamous Cultural Revolution which sent countless Chinese to their deaths. He did eventually switch his policies, shielding many from the effects of the Cultural Revolution, but I can't hear his name without thinking it would make a great name for a bed and breakfast.
6. Pol Pot Here's one who definitely qualifies for the title. Ruler of the Khmer Rouge and Prime Minister of Cambodia 1976-1979, without him The Killing Fields wouldn't have been made. Also know by a nickname which is short for Politique Potentielle (if I'm remembering my French correctly) Pol Pot sounds happy and jolly and delightfully chubby but don't you believe it. He's thought responsible for the deaths of 1.5 million Cambodians.
7. Idi Amin President of Uganda from 1971-1979. History isn't sure how many people he killed, somewhere between 80,000-300,000 depending on who you're hearing. Christians, Indians, ethnic groups, he went after anyone and regardless of his lilting name (which is even better if you add his last name too, Idi Amin Dada) he was a true evil despot.
8. Ivan the Terrible Not necessarily one that trips over the tongue but you have to give credit to the first world leader to get an added name in quotes. Nowadays he would have been a professional wrestler with his own announcer: "And now, weighing in at 320 pounds of pure evil, we have in this corner with his army of conscripted serfs: Ivannnnnnnnnn the Terrrrrrrrible!!!!" and the crowd would then boo.
9. Mommar Qadafi Not only a slippery man but a slippery name. How the heck is this thing spelled? Momar? Mommar? Muammar? Mohammar? Moammar? Kadafi? Qadafi? Gaddafi? Qadhafi? Qaddafi? Gadhafi? You just try Googling this guy, you can't get any info because you can't figure out how it's spelled. No wonder the CIA couldn't get rid of him, they couldn't spell his name.
10. Attila the Hun Feared by anyone with half a brain in 5th century Europe this man conquered anything and everything, creating an empire stretching throughout Europe. He invaded, raped, pillaged, burned and sacked in an effort to rule the world. I bet he was very short.
11. Nicolae Ceausescu A little closer to home historically, I still remember hearing about what this man had singlehandedly done to Romania from 1965 until his execution in--when was it? 1988? 1989? I should say nearly singlehandedly because he had a lot of help from his dear wife, Elena. And as every evil despot knows, behind every truly evil despot there's a truly evil woman. Perhaps several as the men tend to go through them rather fast.
12. Mao Zedong Another hard to spell name. Memo to future tyrants: If you want to get more air time, get a standard Anglicization of your name. One of my kids used to have a stuffed mouse that was named Mousy Tong.
13. Vlad the Impaler The hands-down best evil overlord name in the book. Short, descriptive, terror-provoking, all-in-all the perfect name for one looking to rule the world in complete and total domination. So terrifying he gets his very own vampire alter-ego (Dracula). With a name like Vlad the Impaler I doubt he got many dinner invitations (would they call him Mr. Impaler?) You've got to look twice at a country like Romania when they can produce both Vlad the Impaler and Nicolae Ceausescu.
Honorable Mention: Ayatolla Humani. Just for old times sake. The 80s wouldn't have been the same without him--and the irony that his last name could be spelled Humane is too delicious for words.
Technorati Tags: history, despots, names, historical figures, Thursday Thirteen

subset: commoncrawl


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Richard Auger
Growing up in Southeast Florida, I've always loved the haunted, mystical quality of Florida's swamps and rivers, as well as its peaceful, sunny coastlines. I spent many summers scuba diving South Florida's coral reefs and swimming in the springs of North Florida. While studying at FSU, I joined...
Shelly Augsbury
Shelly Augsbury, painting under her initials, SEA, has been in the creative arts all her life. Recipient of
over 40 international, national, and regional advertising awards, she has now set her sites on the canvas.
Art runs in Shelly's family. You can say it's in their DNA. It all started a...
Kenneth Aunchman
"I work in oils and have been selling my work as my sole source of income for the past 40 years. I am the sole creator of each of my oil paintings. I do all the work personally without the use of apprentices or assistants. All my work is done by hand with a paintbrush and not airbrush. I say that...
Marvin Axelrod
Featuring the photography of Marvin L Axel rod. Marvin is an accomplished photographer. He is in the Library of Congress for the three books on baseball that he photographed. Marvin is in the Hockey Hall of Fame as a photographer. A photo of his hung in the basketball hall of after being submitted...
Callie Ayers
Callie Ferraro Ayers graduated from Eckerd College in 2011 with a Bachelor's Degree in Visual Art. Since then she has established herself as a Professional Fine Art Painter, featured in a number of galleries across Florida. Callie has also curated several Group Art Exhibitions and Fundraisers in...
Stefanie Babb
Hello! I'm Stefanie Babb, a writer and self taught artist living in South Florida. My inspiration is drawn from my world travels, whether it be landscapes, oceans, or the light reflecting through the skies and clouds. I work primarily with alcohol ink on yupo paper or canvas to achieve the ethereal...
David Bachman
"David Bachman (1960, Covington, KY, United States) is an artist who works exclusively with Photography, both Digital and Film; on Land and Underwater. By exploring the concepts of Landscape, Nature, and the Sea in an everyday, nostalgic way; Bachman captures and creates images that deal with the...
Mike Bacon
Underwater and nature photographic compositions hand printed on high contrast silver emulsions.
Amine Badr
Growing up in Germany, Ireland and France, and spending much of his life traveling, Amine became very inspired by the nature and history of the cultures and countries he has visited.
After living in Ireland from age 12 to 17, he left home and moved to Paris. He tried his hand in many trades, but...
Frank Baer
"I am an abstract photographer based in Denver Colorado. I am an outdoors enthusiast and adventurer, and I enjoy taking photographs of my adventures. I began creating art when I was young. I sold my first piece of art when I was 6; two multicolored tie-dyed pillows. That was definitely a sign...


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Thursday, 03 January, 2019 @ 14:40
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If you think stricter regulations and workplace policies may have made workplace harassment a thing of the past, think again. Sexual harassment in the workplace continues to be a pervasive and costly problem. And now it has evolved from the physical to the cyber world. Cyber sexual harassment is unique with respect to the speed and ease with which rumors, taunts and slurs can be disseminated to the target employee through social media. This opens the door for inappropriate behavior, creating a growing concern for employers in protecting employees from potential sexual harassment. An employer's focus on sexual harassment should change with the times, addressing the use of social media channels, such as YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, texting, and workplace e-mail. Yes, it's not just the kids that are "sexting." This type of cyber sexual harassment is hitting the adult workplace in full force. According to a recent government study, as much as 23% of all workplace harassment is perpetrated by text, e mail or other cyber methods. This recent increase in cyber sexual harassment can be linked to the pervasive availability of cyber technology devices which have facilitated many instances of sexual harassment. For example, cyber sexual harassment may occur when an employee forwards an e-mail joke with sexual content or accesses pornographic websites at work and then shares the content with other employees. It may also occur when an employee becomes a "cyber-stalker," continually sending messages via e-mail, text or an instant message platform to another employee requesting dates or communicating lewd messages. Under normal circumstances, physical sexual harassment in the workplace can be relatively difficult for employees to prove turning into a "he said," "she said" scenario. In the case of cyber sexual harassment, a written record of the harassment is developed that is indisputable. In essence, it becomes an "e-smoking gun" in the court of law. For example, in Strauss v. Microsoft Corp., the district court held that jokes and sexual parodies, in combination with other remarks e-mailed by a supervisor to employees, were admissible and relevant evidence of sexual harassment. Prevention is crucial in eliminating sexual harassment in the workplace. Employers should provide specific policies addressing sexual harassment, which include defining appropriate use of e-mail, company computer systems and electronic technology usage. Further, employers should review and discuss such policies with all employees, making it explicitly clear that harassment will not be tolerated. Moreover, employers should have open communication with their employees, creating an environment in which employees feel free to raise concerns and are confident those concerns will be addressed. Finally, employers should establish a transparent complaint process through which management responds immediately and appropriately to the employee complaint. This duty may include investigating an employee's virtual comment made in his/her own time about a co-worker if the employer has knowledge of the behavior. For instance, in Blakey v. Continental Airlines, the Court indicated that a plaintiff can establish an actionable claim for harassment based upon electronic communications made outside the workplace if the electronic medium would be "the equivalent of a bulletin board in the pilot's lounge." In Blakey, defamatory and sexually harassing material was posted on an electronic bulletin board, which the employer had notice of, and failed to appropriately investigate the behavior. To avoid liability in a sexual harassment suit, employers should review their anti-harassment policy frequently to ensure they are up-to-date with the latest workplace trends and technologies, e.g., computers, cell phones and social media venues. Employers should consult legal counsel before making changes to employee handbooks to avoid unexpected legal troubles.
Guest Blogger
Despite all the warnings, workplace harassment still exists


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Many of you know of my professional collaboration with Red Star Yeast, this post is part of the Marbled Rye Bread, Cinnamon Buns and Multigrain Oatmeal Bread series. My method is slightly different than Red Star Yeast's directions and I varied the ingredients a tad. Check out the original recipe here. These yeast pancakes are light and fluffy and hold their shape and beautiful volume well after cooking. They were a pure joy with maple syrup but you can make a chocolate sauce or lemon curd to go with them. For variation's sake, you can replace the milk with orange juice and substitute the butter with oil.
Yeast Pancakes
makes dozen large
adapted from Red Star Yeast original recipe
2 cups flour
2 1/4 teaspoons active dry yeast (one 1/4 oz packet)
2 heaping tablespoons sugar
1 teaspoon baking soda
1 1/4 cups milk
1/4 cup water
2 eggs
1/4 cup melted butter
1/4 teaspoon salt
Some oil to grease griddle or iron cast skillet
Work with a small or a medium hand held whisk.
In a large bowl combine 1 cup flour, yeast and 1 tablespoon of sugar, whisk well. Heat up milk and water until very warm temperature and add to flour mixture and whisk until all ingredients are well incorporated. Cover with saran wrap and let rise for an hour.
In a separate bowl whisk 2 eggs well. Add the butter to the eggs and whisk.
In a separate bowl combine the remaining 1 cup flour, 1 tablespoon sugar, baking soda and salt and mix with a heat resistant rubber spatula. (we will need the rubber spatula later again to scrape and scoop the last pancake into the griddle).
Heat up a griddle or an iron cast skillet. Once heated pour a few drops oil on the surface. Brush the oil over the skillet or griddle surface. I needed to season the skillet/griddle with oil just once at the beginning.
Beat down the yeast mixture and add the egg and butter mixture while keep whisking until incorporated. Add the dry flour mixture in few batches to the yeast mixture and whisk until well incorporated.
Scoop a small pancake into the griddle to make sure the griddle is hot enough. If it's not, just wait a tad longer for griddle to heat up. The griddle might be too hot and the pancake might brown too fast without cooking inside. Adjust heat and proceed to scoop a full batch.
Scrape the last bit of dough, for the last pancake, left in the bowl with a heat resistant spatula and pour into the the griddle.
I found my iron cast skillet needed to be on low/medium heat in order to get the deep golden color and still give the pancake enough time to cook inside.


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As we all know, life happens and we can't predict what each day will bring, but I have absolutely witnessed the benefit of having a simple and consistent routine with the kids. When we don't have a routine, things seem to be more chaotic and I hear, "mooooom, what can I do?" And now that the kids are out of school and home for the summer, I wasn't about to spend my days worrying and wondering if the kids would have enough to do, if they would get bored, if I would be able to get them to help with chores and if I would have two seconds to look at this here blog.
So, I decided to stick with what works, and whip up a summer schedule for the kids. Here are a few things I considered:
- I would be home with the kids all day, every day. This mama will need breaks from time to time, and lucky for me, I have an older boy that makes a great helper {and one that is looking to make a little moolah this summer!}
- I wanted to put together a schedule that would be simple for the boys to follow on their own, with a little aid from yours truly.
- The schedule was intended to keep the day moving right along with a mixture of activities and plans.
- The schedule will be in effect from Monday through Thursday. To ensure we don't feel too cooped up all summer, we have declared that Friday as "Family Fun Day", which means working together on a few chores in the morning and then heading out on a fun adventure together for the remainder of the day.
- I wanted to keep the schedule in a common area so the kids always have an idea of what to expect next. I have learned that my kiddos adjust better when they know what is coming, vs. being surprised with what is happening next.
So here is a look at the daily schedule, popped up right on the front of the fridge:
Shown above is our daily schedule printed and mounted in a frame, a timer to offer a helpful reminder for when it is time to transition to the next activity and a motivating "fun day" reward ticket.
I whipped up a freebie for you to download as well!
{click HERE to download your free Summer Schedule printable} |
When the kids first wake up, they get to curl up on the couch and watch some cartoons. This is our morning snuggle time and it is my favorite way to start the day.
Around 8:30 we have a quick breakfast. We save the big breakfast for the weekends, so weekdays typically consist of waffles, bagels, oatmeal, eggs or cereal with a side of fresh fruit.
By 9:00 the kids are dressed and ready to play. I thought it would be fun to get their minds working early by playing games or doing puzzles:
Since I still have a five year old boy with a short attention span, half an hour increments for most activities seemed to be the sweet spot. Once game time is over, they head to the kitchen table for art time:
{Yes, that says, "I like blogs". He intended to write, "I like dogs", but made a B instead of a D. So now he is working on giving me some art for my studio} |
While the boys craft and create, I am sitting at the end of the table looking over blog things. When it is time to clean up, I start making them a simple snack. Since we keep most snacks prepared in the snack bin, there are days when they can get snacks on their own, but I like to hop in and help, especially on hot days when smoothies are in order!
Other snacks we enjoy are home made trail mix, rice crackers, veggies and dip and graham crackers.
After snack time is over, the kids get oodles of free play outside. We have a fenced in backyard so it is extremely convenient for me to keep the patio door wide open while they play yard games, swing or play in the sandbox...
I am teaching my oldest how to do some light cooking this summer, although I have a feeling he will be cooking better than me in no time. He is loving it and feels really "grown up" when he can serve us with a plate of spaghetti.
After lunch, the boys take some time to let their food settle and snuggle in for story hour.
Then, back to the playroom for toy time. During that time, they do whatever is clever.... build lego cities, play train tracks or race matchbox cars....
After inside play, they get some more fresh air. Maybe play in the sprinkler, a good game of tag or some wiffle baseball.
Once they have had their fill of play time, I built some time in for them to offer up their helping hands around the house with a few simple chores {I will save those details for another post}.
Another snack later and the rest of the day is free play. By this time, we are starting to gear up for our evening and we adjust our schedules based on our plans for the night.
As I mentioned, this is our Monday through Thursday schedule. Fridays we have a list of quick household tasks we work together to complete, and then we head off for our fun day away. We brainstormed all sorts of things we want to do this summer, everything from heading to the children's museum, going to a movie and spending a day at the zoo. I popped those items on little cards and on Monday we draw out our Friday fun day activity and pop it up on the fridge. It gives the kids something to look forward to and allows them to see their reward for being so helpful throughout the week.
Do I wish that our days could be carefree, lazy and schedule free? Sure, but I admit I gave that a whirl the first two days the kids were home from school and it didn't work so swell for any of us. Since we implemented our daily schedule, the days seem to go so much smoother. It has curbed my five year old from sneaking into the pantry all day for snacks {since he knows when his next snack time is}, it has completely eliminated the questioning of what to do next and has built in a few spare seconds for me to still work while the kids are set up with the tools they need to create and play.
For those who stay home during the summer, any other tips or tricks for getting through each day with a grin? What are some of your favorite summer activities?


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(From my inbox, yesterday…)
Hi Sweetie,
I am e-mailing rather than using comments because I can't figure out how to post a comment. You know I read your blog faithfully. I'm not always touched by it because, while I am awed by your writing talent, I think that it's sometimes something of an exercise in self-absorption, and that it panders to an audience of mostly privileged women who have the luxury of philosophizing about motherhood. I hope that your experience on the subway brings you (and your readers) to a heightened awareness of those mothers who do not have the means of indulging their beloved children (or in a lot of cases, not even being able to provide what we would consider necessities). Can you imagine how your heart would hurt if you couldn't give WonderBaby the world? I deeply felt your feelings as you described the young mother. As we have discussed many times, those very same feelings were the motivating factor in my chosen career.
I hope that you don't think my comments are harsh, but your post stirred up twenty years of passionate feelings.
Love you and eternally grateful that you are my daughter.
Hi Mom,
That was only a little bit harsh (Not always touched? Pandering? Ouch) 😉
I agree that bloggers are, for the most part, a bunch of privileged narcissists. All writers are, I think. I certainly am. But most of us are aware of that. Most of the bloggers that I gravitate toward are fully self-reflective about their privilege (whether it be absolute or relative privilege – certainly any person who has the time and skill and access to technology to blog enjoys a certain amount of privilege). I try to be self-reflective. I may not always succeed, but I try. But here's the thing about motherhood and privilege that astounds me: motherhood is humbling, and many of its trials don't discriminate on the basis of privilege. We all of us, rich and poor and everywhere in between, experience a new, gut-wrenching kind of fear; we feel a new, soul-shaking kind of vulnerability. It is tough work, and sometimes really disempowering – and for many women, for ME, it is the first taste of being afraid, helpless, confused, dependent, and disempowered. And, because of my (relative) privilege, some amount of guilt and shame that I am sometimes brought to my knees by these things, when so many other women with so much less manage to stay standing.
If I write about dropping my kid or posting pictures of my kid or messing up or failing, maybe, in some critical moment to do the right thing that is, yes, an exercise in self-absorption, but it's also an exercise in self-reflectivity. And I hope that it demonstrates that privilege, or any measure of it, doesn't necessarily make any of us any better mothers. I'm a terrible fuck-up much of the time, at this motherhood thing – and I think that that has given me a better appreciation of what a mother with less has to struggle with, and a better understanding of how great her victories are. The example of those mothers humbles me. Really.
It all humbles me.
Thanks for making me think, always.
Love you tons and more,
Your Bad Daughter


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Aerial Toll-Houses
The teaching of Aerial Toll-Houses regards the soul's journey after its departure from the body, and is related to the particular judgment. In its most general form, it refers to the idea that after death, the demons attempt to find a basis for taking the soul to Hades, while the angels defend the soul, taking the reason in the righteousness of the reposed person. Whether the soul is finally seized by the demons, or taken to heaven depends on the state of the soul at death and the intercession (prayers) of the living. In either case, the soul then experiences a foretaste of what it can expect after the final judgment. According to Fr. Thomas Hopko, the teaching of the Toll Houses is found in virtually every Father of the Church.[1] One of the first mentions of the doctrine can be found in the prayer of St. Eustratius, 3rd century Martyr. Nevertheless, it is traditionally considered that Apostle Paul spoke about toll houses in his epistles (Eph 6:12-13)[2].
Patristic evidence
In the life of St. Anthony the Great, he saw a vision of souls rising towards heaven and some being stopped by a large demon and cast down. Likewise St. Bede recorded certain visions of a Celtic Saint who saw a soul arising and fighting off demons with the help of angels and his reposed wife's soul.
In the Philokalia, St. Diadochos of Photiki (ca 400 – 486 a.d.) states:
- "If we do not confess our involuntary sins as we should, we shall discover and ill-defined fear in ourselves at the hour of our death. We who love the Lord should pray that we may be without fear at that time; for if we are afraid then, we will not be able freely to pass by the rulers of the nether world. They will have as their advocate to plead against us the fear which our soul experiences because of its own wickedness. But the soul which rejoices in the love of God, at the hour of its departure, is lifted with the angels of peace above all the hosts of darkness. For it is given wings by spiritual love, since it ceaselessly carries within itself the love which 'is the fulfilling of the law' (Rom. 13:10)."[3]
In the Alphabetical Sayings of the Desert Fathers, Theophilus of Antioch (who reposed in 412 a.d.) we find:
- "The same Abba Theophilus said, "What fear, what trembling, what uneasiness will there be for us when our soul is separated from the body. Then indeed the force and strength of the adverse powers come against us, the rulers of darkness, those who command the world of evil, the principalities, the powers, the spirits of evil. They accuse our souls as in a lawsuit, bringing before it all the sins it has committed, whether deliberately or through ignorance, from its youth until the time when it has been taken away. So they stand accusing it of all it has done. Furthermore, what anxiety do you suppose the soul will have at that hour, until sentence is pronounced and it gains its liberty. That is its hour of affliction, until it sees what will happen to it. On the other hand, the divine powers stand on the opposite side, and they present the good deeds of the soul. Consider the fear and trembling of the soul standing between them until in judgment it receives the sentence of the righteous judge. If it is judged worthy, the demons will receive their punishment, and it will be carried away by the angels. Then thereafter you will be without disquiet, or rather you will live according to that which is written: "Even as the habitation of those who rejoice is in you." (Ps. 87.7) Then will the Scripture be fulfilled: "Sorrow and sighing shall flee away." (Isaiah 35.10).
- "Then your liberated soul will go on to that joy and ineffable glory in which it will be established. But if it is found to have lived carelessly, it will hear that terrible voice: "Take away the ungodly, that he may not see the glory of the Lord." (cf. Isaiah 26.10) Then the day of anger, the day of affliction, the day of darkness and shadow seizes upon it. Abandoned to outer darkness and condemned to everlasting fire it will be punished through the ages without end. Where then is the vanity of the world? Where is the vain-glory? Where is carnal life? Where is enjoyment? Where is imagination? Where is ease? Where is boasting? Riches? Nobility? Father, mother, brother? Who could take the soul out of its pains when it is burning in the fire, and remove it from bitter torments?" [4]
St. Mark of Ephesus wrote:
- "But if souls have departed this life in faith and love, while nevertheless carrying away with themselves certain faults, whether small ones over which they have not repented at all, or great ones for which – even thought they have repented over them – they did not undertake to show fruits of repentance: such souls, we believe, must be cleansed from this kind of sin, but not by means of some purgatorial fire or a definite punishment in some place (for this, as we have said, has not been handed down to us). But some must be cleansed in they very departure from the body, thanks only to fear, as St. Gregory the Dialogist literally shows; while others must be cleansed after the departure from the body, either while remaining in the same earthly place, before they come to worship God and are honored with the lot of the blessed, or – if their sins were more serious and bind them, for a longer duration – they are kept in hell [i.e., Hades], but not in order to remain forever in fire and torment, but as it were in prison and confinement under guard." [5]
Liturgical Evidence
In both the Greek and Slavonic Euchologion, in the canon for the departure of the soul by St. Andrew , we find in Ode 7: "All holy angels of the Almighty God, have mercy upon me and save me from all the evil toll-houses."
Likewise, in the Canon of Supplication at the Parting of the Soul in The Great Book of Needs are the following references to the struggle of a soul passing through the toll-houses:
- "Count me worthy to pass, unhindered, by the persecutor, the prince of the air, the tyrant, him that stands guard in the dread pathways, and the false accusation of these, as I depart from earth." (Ode 4, p. 77).
- "Do thou count me worthy to escape the hordes of bodiless barbarians, and rise through the aerial depths and enter into Heaven…" (Ode 8, p. 81).
- "[W]hen I come to die, do thou banish far from me the commander of the bitter toll-gatherers and ruler of the earth…" (Ode 8, p. 81).
In the Octoechos, there are many references to the Toll Houses:
- "When my soul is about to be forcibly parted from my body's limbs, then stand by my side and scatter the counsels of my bodiless foes and smash the teeth of those who implacably seek to swallow me down, so that I may pass unhindered through the rulers of darkness who wait in the air, O Bride of God." Octoechos, Tone Two, Friday Vespers
- "Pilot my wretched soul, pure Virgin, and have compassion on it, as it slides under a multitude of offences into the deep of destruction; and at the fearful hour of death snatch me from the accusing demons and from every punishment." Ode 6, Tone 1 Midnight Office for Sunday
In the Saturday Midnight Office, the prayer of St. Eustratius, contains the following:
- "And now, O Master, let Thy hand shelter me and let Thy mercy descend upon me, for my soul is distracted and pained at its departure from this my wretched and filthy body, lest the evil design of the adversary overtake it and make it stumble into the darkness for the unknown and known sins amassed by me in this life. Be merciful unto me, O Master, and let not my soul see the dark countenances of the evil spirits, but let it be received by Thine Angels bright and shining. Glorify Thy holy name and by Thy might set me before Thy divine judgment seat. When I am being judged, suffer not that the hand of the prince of this world should take hold of me to throw me, a sinner, into the depths of hades, but stand by me and be unto me a savior and mediator..." [6]
The Number of the Toll Houses
The most detailed version of the toll-houses occurs in a vision of Gregory of Thrace, apparently from the 10th century. The demons accuse the soul at each toll-house of sins. In some cases the demon might accuse the soul of sins that they tempted her with, but it didn't comply with, or of sins that she repented for, and in that cases one of the angels, the one which was the persons guardian angel, speaks for the person, saying that those are lies, and that payment is not necessary, taking the soul to the next toll-house. If a person has unrepented sins, and does not have enough good deeds and prayers of the living to pay for them, the demons of the corresponding toll-house grab him, and take him to hades to await the final judgment. This vision recounts the toll-houses in the following order:
- At the first aerial toll-house, the soul is questioned about sins of the tongue, such as empty words, dirty talk, insults, ridicule, singing worldly songs, too much or loud laughter, and similar sins.
- The second is the toll-house of lies, which includes not only ordinary lies, but also the breaking of oaths, the violation of vows given to God, taking God's name in vain, hiding sins during confession, and similar acts.
- The third is the toll-house of slander. It includes judging, humiliating, embarrassing, mocking, and laughing at people, and similar transgressions.
- The fourth is the toll-house of gluttony, which includes overeating, drunkenness, eating between meals, eating without prayer, not holding fasts, choosing tasty over plain food, eating when not hungry, and the like.
- The fifth is the toll-house of laziness, where the soul is held accountable for every day and hour spent in laziness, for neglecting to serve God and pray, for missing Church services, and also for not earning money through hard, honest labor, for not working as much as you are paid, and all similar sins.
- The sixth toll-house is the toll-house of theft, which includes stealing and robbery, whether small, big, light, violent, public, or hidden.
- The seventh is the toll-house of covetousness, including love of riches and goods, failure to give to charity, and similar acts.
- The eight is the toll-house of usury, loan-sharking, overpricing, and similar sins.
- The ninth is the toll-house of injustice- being unjust, especially in judicial affairs, accepting or giving bribes, dishonest trading and business, using false measures, and similar sins.
- The tenth is the toll-house of envy.
- The eleventh is the toll-house of pride- vanity, self-will, boasting, not honoring parents and civil authorities, insubordination, disobedience, and similar sins.
- The twelve is the toll-house of anger and rage.
- The thirteenth is the toll-house of remembering evil- hatred, holding a grudge, and revenge.
- The fourteenth is the toll-house of murder- not just plain murder, but also wounding, maiming, hitting, pushing, and generally injuring people.
- The fifteenth is the toll-house of magic- divination, conjuring demons, making poison, all superstitions, and associated acts.
- The sixteenth is the toll-house of lust- fornication, unclean thoughts, lustful looks, unchaste touches.
- The seventeenth is the toll-house of adultery.
- The eighteenth is the toll-house of sodomy: bestiality, homosexuality, incest, masturbation, and all other unnatural sins.
- The nineteenth is the toll-house of heresy: rejecting any part of Orthodox faith, wrongly interpreting it, apostasy, blasphemy, and all similar sins.
- The last, twentieth toll-house is the toll-house of unmercifulness: failing to show mercy and charity to people, and being cruel in any way.
Are They Literal?
Many of the Orthodox who accept the doctrine of the toll-houses do not take the form or all the teachings from the vision of Gregory literally. Thus for example Fr. Thomas Hopko maintains that one should not try to associate a particular time after death to the process, nor should one take the toll-houses as being literally "in the air," or necessarily twenty in number. Likewise, he makes no mention in his argument for them of the doctrine of bargaining for sins (which is similar in some ways to the Latin doctrine of merits). Instead, his description, drawing on St. John Chrysostom and the Fifty Homilies of St. Macarius of Egypt, among others, takes the toll-house encounters to describe the attempt of the demons to assault the soul with its own vulnerability to sin, or to entice it away from God, and describes passing through the toll-houses as the purification of the soul.[7]. St. Theophan the Recluse likewise said that what the demons are seeking is "passions," and suggested that, although the toll-houses are often depicted as frightening, the demons might equally well try to entice the soul by appealing to one of its weaknesses. Some others go so far as to say that the demons and angels are metaphors for the sins and virtues of the soul.
.There is disagreement in certain circles regarding the status of this teaching within the Orthodox Church. Some, including Archbishop Lazar (Puhalo) of Ottawa, consider this teaching controversial, even false (describing it as gnostic or of pagan origin). These accusations were later declared to be wrong by the Holy Synod of the Russian Church Abroad.[8] The traditional proponents of the teaching argue that it appears in the hymnology of the Church,[9] [10] in stories of the lives of saints (for example, the Life of St. Anthony the Great, written by St. Athanasius the Great, the life of St. Basil the New, and St. Theodora), in the homilies of St. Cyril of Alexandria[11] in the Discourses of Abba Isaiah,[12] the Philokalia, the Ladder of Divine Ascent, and the Dogmatics of the Orthodox Church by Blessed Justin Popovich. Several contemporary Church figures speak about toll-houses.[13] [14] [15] [16] Secondly, not a single Church Father ever wrote even one sentence expressing doubt about this teaching (which is present in its most general form in the Church since at least fourth century), although their discussions of the topic are always about general struggles with "tax-collector" demons, lacking the details present in Gregory's vision (apart from one pseudo-Makarian story which also mentions numerous toll-houses and a bargaining over sins at each one). Thirdly, some of the greatest modern authorities of the Orthodox Church, such as St. Ignatius Brianchaninov[17] and St. Theophan the Recluse,[18] insisted not only on the truthfulness, but on the necessity of this teaching in the spiritual life of a Christian.
- ↑ Fr. Thomas Hopko on the Toll-houses, http://audio.ancientfaith.com/illuminedheart/hopko_tolls.mp3
- ↑ Word On Death by St Ignatius Brianchaninov (in Russian)
- ↑ Philokalia, Volume I, p. 295
- ↑ The Sayings of the Desert Fathers: The Alphabetical Collection, translated by Benedicta Ward, p. 81-82)
- ↑ First Homily: Refutation of the Latin Chapters concerning Purgatorial Fire, by St. Mark of Ephesus. Qtd. In "The Soul After Death, p 208f)
- ↑ See The Unabbreviated Horologion or Book of the Hours, ed. Fr. Laurence Campbell (Jordanville, NY: Holy Trinity Monastery, 1995), p. 34, and The Great Horologion (Boston, MA: Holy Transfiguration Monastery, 1997), p. 48
- ↑ Fr. Thomas Hopko on the Toll-houses, http://audio.ancientfaith.com/illuminedheart/hopko_tolls.mp3
- ↑ Holy Synod of the Russian Church Abroad
- ↑ January 27, The Recovery of the Holy Relics of our Father among the Saints John Chrysostom, Troparion 1, Ode 5 of Orthros: "Grant me to pass untroubled through the host of noetic satraps and the tyrannic battalion of the lower air in the hour of my departure..."
- ↑ Parakletike, Friday Vespers, Second Mode: "When my soul is about to be separated violently from the members of the body, then, O Bride of God, come to my aid; scatter the counsels of the fleshless enemies and shatter their millstones, by which they seek to devour me mercilessly; that, unhindered, I may pass through the rulers of darkness standing in the air."
- ↑ St. Cyril of Alexandria Ephesi praedicata depoito Nestorio, ACO.14(52.405D) as referenced by Lampe, G.W.H., A Patristic Greek Lexicon, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1961, p.1387
- ↑ The Twenty-nine Discourses of our Holy Father Isaiah, Volos, 1962, p. 37 (in Greek): "[Live] every day having death before your eyes, and concerning yourselves with how you will come out from the body, how you will pass by the powers of darkness what will meet you in the air, and how you will answer before God..."
- ↑ The Taxing of Souls by Metropolitan Hierotheos (Vlachos)
- ↑ Answer to a Critic, Appendix III from The Soul After Death by Father Seraphim Rose of Platina
- ↑ Vid. Ephraim, Elder, Counsels from the Holy Mountain, St. Anthony's Greek Orthodox Monastery, Arizona, 1999, pp. 436, 447.
- ↑ Cavarnos, Constantine, The Future Life According to Orthodox Teaching, Center for Traditionalist Orthodox Studies, Etna, California, 1985, pp. 24-26.
- ↑ A Word on Death, chapter "Aerial toll-houses"
- ↑ What is spiritual life, and how to obtain it, chapter "Perfect preparation for the Mystery of Repentance"
See also
External links
- Death and the Toll House Contraversy by Dn. Andrew Werbiansky
- The Debate Over Aerial Toll-Houses Extract from the Minutes of the Session of the Synod of Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia (1980)
- Evidence for the Tradition of the Toll Houses found in the Universally Received Tradition of the Church
- State of the Soul After Death According to the Teachings of Saint John Damascene by Hieromonk Dionysios
- Death and the Toll-Houses by Vladimir Moss
- Life After Death by St. John Maximovitch
- On the Question of the "Toll-Houses": Our War is not Against Flesh and Blood by Fr. Michael Pomazansky
- The Taxing of Souls by Metropolitan Hierotheos (Vlachos)
- Answer to a Critic (Deacon Lev Puhalo), Appendix III from The Soul After Death by Father Seraphim Rose of Platina
- The Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus About Life After Death. From Life After Death, by Metropolitan Hierotheos (Vlachos)
- Illumined Heart Podcast Interview of Fr. Thomas Hopko
- Fr. Seraphim Rose in Greece (Postcards From Greece Podcast, by Fr. Peter Heers)
- "To Sleep, Perchance to Dream": The Middle State of Souls in Patristic and Byzantine Literature by Nicholas Constas
- From Repose to Resurrection: The Intermediate State of Souls by Jesse Dominick. This paper, written for St. Tikhon's Seminary, examines in part the teaching of the toll-houses, including modern Saints, elders, and theologians who have taught the toll-house doctrine and responses to several criticisms of the toll-house teaching.
- Against the Gnostic Story of the Judging Demons - the "Toll-Houses"
- Two troubling teachings reported by Archbishop Lazar Puhalo
- Regarding the Toll Houses various articles by Archbishop Lazar, Fr. Michael Pomazansky, and others
- Questions and Answers: Archbishop Lazar Puhalo


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ST. LOUIS (AP) — Jonny Gomes got the Red Sox even in this wild World Series, thanks partly to Shane Victorino's aching back.
Inserted into the lineup about 75 minutes before gametime, Gomes hit a three-run homer off reliever Seth Maness in the sixth inning that led Boston to a 4-2 win over the St. Louis Cardinals on Sunday night, tying the Series at two games apiece.
Felix Doubront and surprise reliever John Lackey, both starters during the regular season, picked up for a gritty Clay Buchholz to help the Red Sox ensure the Series will return to Boston.
And one night after that game-ending obstruction call, another unusual ending. Koji Uehara picked off rookie pinch-runner Kolten Wong at first base for the final out — with postseason star Carlos Beltran standing at the plate.
Game 5 is Monday night at Busch Stadium, with Boston left-hander Jon Lester facing Cardinals ace Adam Wainwright in a rematch of the opener won 8-1 by the Red Sox.
Gomes helped get Boston started in the fifth when he followed David Ortiz's leadoff double with a 10-pitch walk that tired starter Lance Lynn, who had faced the minimum 12 batters through the first four innings.
Stephen Drew's sacrifice fly tied the score 1-all, erasing a deficit created when center fielder Jacoby Ellsbury's third-inning error advanced Matt Carpenter into scoring position for Beltran's RBI single.
Ortiz, who homered in the first two games of the Series, had three of Boston's six hits and was the club's leader, smacking his hands together and screaming at teammates to get going when he pulled into second base on his double. Then, after the fifth inning, he huddled the Red Sox for a pep talk in the dugout.
Not long after, Gomes' drive put Boston ahead 4-1 in the sixth.
With adrenaline taking over, Gomes spiked an arm through the air as he rounded first base, yelled and banged his chest with a fist twice. Teammates tugged on Gomes' beard for good luck when he got back to the dugout, including a two-handed pull by Mike Napoli.
While talk of umpires' calls dominated discussion following two of the opening three games, this one turned on a manager's pregame decision.
John Farrell's original Red Sox lineup didn't include Gomes, but Victorino's back had been bothering him since Saturday, so Daniel Nava was moved from left field to right and from fifth to second in the batting order. Gomes was inserted into the No. 5 hole behind Ortiz.
Gomes had been 0 for 9 in the Series before the home run, and Red Sox outfielders had been 4 for 40 with no RBIs. Following Dustin Pedroia's two-out single and a four-pitch walk to Ortiz by Lynn, Maness threw five straight sliders to Gomes, who sent the last one into the Red Sox bullpen in left as Matt Holliday kept running back only to run out of room.
Carpenter singled in a run in the seventh off Craig Breslow in the seventh after pinch-hitter Shane Robinson doubled with two outs against Doubront on a ball that skidded away from Gomes. Junichi Tazawa came in and got Holliday to hit an inning-ending grounder to second, a night after allowing a tiebreaking, two-run double to Holliday.
Doubront got the win with 2 2-3 innings of one-hit relief. Lackey, the Game 2 loser and Boston's probable Game 6 starter, pitched the eighth for his first relief appearance in nine years, overcoming a two-base throwing error by third baseman Xander Bogaerts — Boston's seventh error of the Series — and a wild pitch.
With a runner on third, Lackey got Jon Jay to pop up and David Freese to ground out.
Uehara, Boston's sixth pitcher, got three outs for his sixth save this postseason, completing a six-hitter.
Lynn was the hard-luck loser, leaving with the score tied and two on for Maness, who allowed Gomes' homer on his fifth pitch.
A night after one of the craziest endings in Series history — an obstruction call on Red Sox third baseman Will Middlebrooks — Boston ensured the Series will return to Fenway Park for Game 6 on Wednesday night.
It was a special anniversary for both teams. Exactly nine years earlier, the Red Sox completed a four-game sweep of the Cardinals across the street at old Busch Stadium for their first championship since 1918. And two years earlier, Freese hit a tying, two-run, two-out triple in the ninth against Texas and a winning homer in the 11th to force a Game 7, which St. Louis won the following night.
Buchholz, in his first appearance since the AL championship series finale on Oct. 19, fought through shoulder issues and his velocity topped out at 90 mph. He lasted a season-low four innings and 66 pitches before he was lifted for a pinch-hitter, but he allowed just an unearned run and three hits.
Fielding for the Red Sox became trouble again in the third when Carpenter singled to center with one out, and the ball appeared to take a high hop and roll away from Ellsbury. Carpenter sprinted to second on the second error of the Series by Ellsbury — who had just three during the regular season.
Beltran singled into center field two pitches later, making him 8 for 10 with 12 RBIs with runners in scoring position during the postseason.
There almost was another miscue in the fourth following a one-out walk to Jay. Freese bounced to Drew, and the shortstop grabbed the grounder on the run and flipped the ball with his glove high to Pedroia at second. He jumped and just got his left foot down in time to force Jay, who slid into him hard.
After Ortiz's double to the right-center field wall in the fifth, Gomes fell behind 0-2 in the count and then worked out his walk. Lynn appeared to be too fine with his pitches as he walked rookie Bogaerts, loading the bases, and Drew lofted a fly to medium left near the foul line.
Holliday's one-hop throw home hit the sliding Ortiz in the back and bounced away. Lynn recovered to strike out David Ross and induce an inning-ending groundout from pinch-hitter Mike Carp.
NOTES: St. Louis had been 8-0 this postseason when scoring first. … Molina extended his Series hitting streak to seven games. … Holliday argued with plate umpire Paul Emmel after he was called out on strikes in the fifth, and Cardinals manager Mike Matheny came on the field to make sure his left fielder didn't get ejected.
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This week I'll be using an ingredient that originates from right here in Australia - the ever popular Granny Smith.
The Granny Smith apple is named after it's creator, Mrs Mary Ann (Granny) Smith and they were first grown in Eastwood, Sydney in 1867. They are a hybrid and thought to be the result of propagating the seed of the European Wild Apple with the domestic Apple. This event is celebrated in late October in Eastwood with the annual Granny Smith Festival.
The Granny Smith is a tart but juicy and crisp apple - a favourite for the quintessential apple pie. Nutritionally, it's a good source of Vitamin C and fibre but also contains Vitamin A, Calcium and Iron.
I'll be using these apples for a pie but it's a totally different type of apple pie. This recipe comes from Queensland's award winning bistro E'cco - one bite from this torte will have you singing praises to Granny Smith.
Apple Torte
[Makes 1 x 26cm (10.5 inch) torte]
6 Granny Smith Apples, peeled, cored and finely sliced
juice of 1 lemon
3 eggs
250 grams caster sugar
2 teaspoons vanilla extract
100 grams melted unsalted butter
100 mls milk
150 grams plain flour, sifted
2 teaspoons baking powder
100 grams roasted hazelnuts, chopped roughly
120 grams sultanas, chopped if large
100 grams pine nuts
3 tablespoons caster sugar, extra
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
Preheat the oven to 170°C/325°F.
Grease and line the base of a 26cm/10.5" spring-form tin with baking paper.
Toss the sliced apples in lemon juice and set aside.
Place the eggs, caster sugar and vanilla into a bowl and whisk until thick and pale.
Add the milk and butter - stirring to mix through.
Sift the flour and baking powder together and then fold into the wet ingredients. When almost combined, add the hazelnuts, sultanas and pine nuts.
Finally fold through the apple slices along with any lemon juice.
Pour into the prepared tin and smooth the top over.
Mix the extra caster sugar with the cinnamon and then sprinkle over the top of the cake.
Bake for about 1 hour 20 minutes or until the cake is cooked through. If you find the top browning too quickly, cover with foil and continue cooking.
Let it sit in the tin about 10 minutes before removing - you'll find that the cake will contract as it cools making removal a lot easier.
Cool on a wire rack.
You can dust the torte with icing sugar if you like, but I found it best served as is and still slightly warm from the oven.
Soft and creamy with a crisp toffee-like crust and the pure sweetness of apples infuse this torte - there's not much better than this.


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Honeypot Street Party
There's a street party outside the Honeypot on Upper Brockley Road, for those who like their royal occasions accompanied by a huge sound system. On Twitter, Luke reports that it's "MEGA" and is looking for people to skank with him. Skank on, sweet princes and princesses of SE4.


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'Crimmigration' has become a critical "catch all" concept for legal scholars, criminologists, and sociologists alike. The concept describes the way two previously separate state control spheres – border control and crime control – influence each other and are part of the same control mechanism experiences and developments. This concept, for example, helps understand Trump's effort to legitimize the tightening of immigration policy. It refers to both the protection of American economy and jobs and the explicit intent to protect American citizens from terrorists, rapists, and gang members. For this IMER lunch seminar, Synnøve Jahnsen from Rokkansenteret will talk about the usefulness of crimmigration as a concept in other settings. She will draw on empirical examples from her research on prostitution and human trafficking, Norwegian labour market crime policies, and the policing of outlaw motorcycle clubs and youth gangs in Australia and Europe. She will also use the opportunity to promote her new co-edited book "Criminal Justice in the Era of Mass Mobility" and highlight some of the methodological challenges faced by researchers in her field.
A light lunch will be served. All welcome!
Synnøve Jahnsen is a postdoctoral research fellow at Rokkansenteret where she specializes in the sociology of law and criminal justice.
The question of migration is a multifaceted one. It impacts upon individual and social life long before a person's departure or the crossing of borders. Tuning in with pre- and post-departure perspectives from the African-European border zone, this seminar will argue that migration cannot be understood if addressed as a series of events or movements in the here and now. On the contrary, it must be seen in relation to the experiences and ideas that predate and at the same time reach beyond the temporal settings in which they unfold. For this IMER seminar, Knut Graw from the Institute for Anthropological Research in Africa at the Kathlieke Universiteit Leuven will elaborate on this argument in relation to Senegal as a case study.
Knut Graw (PhD) works at the Institute for Anthropological Research in Africa (IARA) and the Interculturalism, Minorities and Migration Research Centre (IMMRC) of the University of Leuven and, as associated researcher, at Zentrum Moderner Orient (ZMO), Berlin. His current research focuses on the situation of Senegalese migrants in Southern Europe and the cultural dynamics and transfers in the African-European borderzone.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) work closely with refugees by providing services and assistance. However, refugees might also be subjected to misconduct by NGOs. In such a scenario, how can NGOs be held accountable for wrongful acts?
For this IMER lunch seminar, Marianne Nerland from the Faculty of Law at UiB will present preliminary findings from her PhD project which explores recourses available to refugees seeking justice against NGOs. By drawing on interviews conducted with refugees as well as aid workers in Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya, Marianne will argue that there are serious legal obstacles that refugees face when wanting to file complaints against NGOs. This case highlights the need for an enhanced structure for NGO accountability in refugee camps.
A light lunch will be served! All welcome!
Marianne Nerland is a PhD candidate at the Faculty of Law, UiB
Jordan has enacted some of the world's strongest lockdown and quarantine measures. These measures have been received quite well domestically, but their impact on the country's most vulnerable refugees is only beginning to be understood.
The majority of Syrian refugees in Jordan live in urban areas in addition to a significant number also residing in camps. As living conditions are linked to the effectiveness of prevention measures, different populations may experience different outcomes.
In this webinar, Sarah Tobin will explore the situation of the Syrian refugees in Jordan, while also examining the political consequences of the pandemic response in the country.
Sarah Tobin is a senior researcher at Chr. Michelsen Institute. Her latest research projects examine questions of religious and economic life and identity construction with Syrian refugees in Jordanian camps of Za'atari, Azraq, and Cyber City.
Join us on Zoom
There is a deep-rooted cultural belief that encounters between strangers in local settings can bring about social change. Mette Strømsø, a researcher at the Sociology Department UiB, brings this aspect to the forefront in her study of local community initiatives established in the wake of the refugee influx in 2015. Mette will present her co-authored article with Susanne Bygnes whereby they strive to unpack the promise, inherent contradictions and transformative potential of the facilitated encounters in local communities where newcomers settled. The reference to Karen Blixen's short story Babette's feast indicate the cultural resonance of the promise in the facilitated encounters between newcomers and permanent residents.
Mette Strømsø is a researcher for IMEX at the department of Sociology, UiB. She holds a PhD in Human. Her research interests fall at the intersection of political geography and social and cultural geography, with a focus on everyday nationhood and especially the reconciliation between nation and diversity.
Join us on Zoom
In Norway, there is an institutionalized emphasis on the importance of outdoor life and play. This is embedded in public provision for children and in dominant understandings of how families should use leisure time and how children should play. In this seminar, Raquel Herrero-Arias, PhD candidate at the department of Health Promotion, UiB, will discuss her co-authored article (currently under review) on the experiences of Southern European migrant parents with professional advice on family leisure and outdoor play. It focuses on how migrant parents respond to associate discourses of risks in their encounters with kindergarten professionals and community health nurses. Raquel will discuss how migrant parents navigated risk discourse in these encounters in many ways either by contesting, accepting professional intervention, or falsifying compliance.
Raquel Herrero-Arias is a PhD candidate at the department of Health Promotion, UiB. She holds a Master's Degree in Gender Studies, and an Erasmus Mundus Master in Social Work with Families and Children. Her doctoral project explores the experiences of parenting among Southern European migrant parents in Norway.
Meeting ID: 641 6856 7153
Password: IMER11.06


text:
Fiserv Acquires Competitor Open Solutions
Fintech provider Fiserv is acquiring Open Solutions, a rival technology provider, for $55 million in a transaction completed yesterday, according to a Fiserv statement released this morning. The deal will allow Fiserv to add some of Open Solutions' products and services to its portfolio, including Open Solutions' DNA platform, a real-time open technology account processing platform. The platform is notable for its DNAcreator and DNAappstore which allow the platform's users to create their own applications on the platform and then sell them to other users.
"Open Solutions provides several growth opportunities including a real-time account processing capability that serves multiple charter types, languages and currencies on a single platform," Jeffrey Yabuki, the president and CEO of Fiserv, said in the statement.
Open Solutions has more than 3,300 clients world wide, according to the Fiserv statement, and more than 800 clients using its account processing technology. Open Solutions' clients will now have access to Fiserv solutions such as its Mobiliti mobile banking and Popmoney social payments solutions. Fiserv said in the statement that it plans to eventually add some of the features of its Acumen account processing platform to the DNA platform as well.
Fiserv added that it expected the deal to generate $75 million in annual revenue and annual savings of around $50 million over the next several years.
Jonathan Camhi has been an associate editor with Bank Systems & Technology since 2012. He previously worked as a freelance journalist in New York City covering politics, health and immigration, and has a master's degree from the City University of New York's Graduate School ... View Full Bio


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The authors of Our Harsh Logic, Israeli veterans who protest the treatment of Palestinians via an organization, "Breaking the Silence," write at Tomdispatch.com:
"It's Mostly Punishment…" Testimonies by Veterans of the Israeli Defense Forces From Gaza and the Occupied Territories
By Breaking the Silence
"There is no country on Earth that would tolerate missiles raining down on its citizens from outside its borders," President Barack Obama said at a press conference last week. He drew on this general observation in order to justify Operation Pillar of Defense, Israel's most recent military campaign in the Gaza Strip. In describing the situation this way, he assumes, like many others, that Gaza is a political entity external and independent of Israel. This is not so. It is true that Israel officially disengaged from the Gaza Strip in August 2005, withdrawing its ground troops and evacuating the Israeli settlements there. But despite the absence of a permanent ground presence, Israel has maintained a crushing control over Gaza from that moment until today.
The testimonies of Israeli army veterans expose the truth of that "disengagement." Before Operation Pillar of Defense, after all, Israel launched Operations Summer Rains and Autumn Clouds in 2006, and Hot Winter and Cast Lead in 2008 — all involving ground invasions. In one testimony, a veteran speaks of "a battalion operation" in Gaza that lasted for five months, where the soldiers were ordered to shoot "to draw out terrorists" so they "could kill a few."
Israeli naval blockades stop Gazans from fishing, a main source of food in the Strip. Air blockades prevent freedom of movement. Israel does not allow building materials into the area, forbids exports to the West Bank and Israel, and (other than emergency humanitarian cases) prohibits movement between the Gaza Strip and the West Bank. It controls the Palestinian economy by periodically withholding import taxes. Its restrictions have impeded the expansion and upgrading of the Strip's woeful sewage infrastructure, which could render life in Gaza untenable within a decade. The blocking of seawater desalination has turned the water supply into a health hazard. Israel has repeatedly demolished small power plants in Gaza, ensuring that the Strip would have to continue to rely on the Israeli electricity supply. Daily power shortages have been the norm for several years now. Israel's presence is felt everywhere, militarily and otherwise.
By relying on factual misconceptions, political leaders, deliberately or not, conceal information that is critical to our understanding of events. Among the people best qualified to correct those misconceptions are the individuals who have been charged with executing a state's policies — in this case, Israeli soldiers themselves, an authoritative source of information about their government's actions. I am a veteran of the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), and I know that our first-hand experiences refute the assumption, accepted by many, including President Obama, that Gaza is an independent political entity that exists wholly outside Israel. If Gaza is outside Israel, how come we were stationed there? If Gaza is outside Israel, how come we control it? Oded Na'aman
[The testimonies by Israeli veterans that follow are taken from 145 collected by the nongovernmental organization Breaking the Silence and published in Our Harsh Logic: Israeli Soldiers' Testimonies From the Occupied Territories, 2000-2010. Those in the book represent every division in the IDF and all locations in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.]
1. House Demolition
Unit: Kfir Brigade
Location: Nablus district
Year: 2009
During your service in the territories, what shook you up the most?
The searches we did in Hares. They said there are sixty houses that have to be searched. I thought there must have been some information from intelligence. I tried to justify it to myself.
You went out as a patrol?
It was a battalion operation. They spread out over the whole village, took over the school, smashed the locks, the classrooms. One was used as the investigation room for the Shin Bet, one room for detainees, one for the soldiers to rest. We went in house by house, banging on the door at two in the morning. The family's dying of fear, the girls are peeing in their pants with fear. We go into the house and turn everything upside down.
What's the procedure?
Gather the family in a certain room, put a guard there, tell the guard to aim his gun at them, and then search the rest of the house. We got another order that everyone born after 1980… everyone between sixteen and twenty-nine, doesn't matter who, bring them in cuffed and blindfolded. They yelled at old people, one of them had an epileptic seizure but they carried on yelling at him. Every house we went into, we brought everyone between sixteen and twenty-nine to the school. They sat tied up in the schoolyard.
Did they tell you the purpose of all this?
To locate weapons. But we didn't find any weapons. They confiscated kitchen knives. There was also stealing. One guy took twenty shekels. Guys went into the houses and looked for things to steal. This was a very poor village. The guys were saying, "What a bummer, there's nothing to steal."
That was said in a conversation among the soldiers?
Yeah. They enjoyed seeing the misery, the guys were happy talking about it. There was a moment someone yelled at the soldiers. They knew he was mentally ill, but one of the soldiers decided that he'd beat him up anyway, so they smashed him. They hit him in the head with the butt of the gun, he was bleeding, then they brought him to the school along with everyone else. There were a pile of arrest orders signed by the battalion commander, ready, with one area left blank. They'd fill in that the person was detained on suspicion of disturbing the peace. They just filled in the name and the reason for arrest. There were people with plastic handcuffs that had been put on really tight. I got to speak with the people there. One of them had been brought into Israel to work for a settler and after two months the guy didn't pay him and handed him over to the police.
All these people came from that one village?
Anything else you remember from that night?
A small thing, but it bothered me — one house that they just destroyed. They have a dog for weapons searches, but they didn't bring him; they just wrecked the house. The mother watched from the side and cried. Her kids sat with her and stroked her.
What do you mean, they just destroyed the house?
They smashed the floors, turned over sofas, threw plants and pictures, turned over beds, smashed the closets, the tiles. There were other things — the look on the people's faces when you go into their house. And after all that, they were left tied up and blindfolded in the school for hours. The order came to free them at four in the afternoon. So that was more than twelve hours. There were investigators from the security services there who interrogated them one by one.
Had there been a terrorist attack in the area?
No. We didn't even find any weapons. The brigade commander claimed that the Shin Bet did find some intelligence, that there were a lot of guys there who throw stones.
2. Naval Blockade
Unit: Navy
Location: Gaza Strip
Year: 2008
It's mostly punishment. I hate that: "They did this to us, so we'll do that to them." Do you know what a naval blockade means for the people in Gaza? There's no food for a few days. For example, suppose there's an attack in Netanya, so they impose a naval blockade for four days on the entire Strip. No seagoing vessel can leave. A Dabur patrol boat is stationed at the entrance to the port, if they try to go out, within seconds the soldiers shoot at the bow and even deploy attack helicopters to scare them. We did a lot of operations with attack helicopters — they don't shoot much because they prefer to let us deal with that, but they're there to scare people, they circle over their heads. All of a sudden there's a Cobra right over your head, stirring up the wind and throwing everything around.
And how frequent were the blockades?
Very. It could be three times one month, and then three months of nothing. It depends.
The blockade goes on for a day, two days, three days, four, or more than that?
I can't remember anything longer than four days. If it was longer than that, they'd die there, and I think the IDF knows that. Seventy percent of Gaza lives on fishing — they have no other choice. For them it means not eating. There are whole families who don't eat for a few days because of the blockade. They eat bread and water.
3. Shoot to Kill
Unit: Engineering Corps
Location: Rafah
Year: 2006
During the operations in Gaza, anyone walking around in the street, you shoot at the torso. In one operation in the Philadelphi corridor, anyone walking around at night, you shoot at the torso.
How often were the operations?
Daily. In the Philadelphi corridor, every day.
When you're searching for tunnels, how do people manage to get around — I mean, they live in the area.
It's like this: You bring one force up to the third or fourth floor of a building. Another group does the search below. They know that while they're doing the search there'll be people trying to attack them. So they put the force up high, so they can shoot at anyone down in the street.
How much shooting was there?
Say I'm there, I'm up on the third floor. I shoot at anyone I see?
But it's in Gaza, it's a street, it's the most crowded place in the world.
No, no, I'm talking about the Philadelphi corridor.
So that's a rural area?
Not exactly, there's a road, it's like the suburbs, not the center. During operations in the other Gaza neighborhoods it's the same thing. Shooting, during night operations — shooting.
It there any kind of announcement telling people to stay indoors?
They actually shot people?
They shot anyone walking around in the street. It always ended with, "We killed six terrorists today." Whoever you shot in the street is "a terrorist."
That's what they say at the briefings?
The goal is to kill terrorists.
What are the rules of engagement?
Whoever's walking around at night, shoot to kill.
During the day, too?
They talked about that in the briefings: whoever's walking around during the day, look for something suspicious. But something suspicious could be a cane.
4. Elimination Operation
Unit: Special Forces
Location: Gaza Strip
Year: 2000
There was a period at the beginning of the Intifada where they assassinated people using helicopter missiles.
This was at the beginning of the Second Intifada?
Yes. But it was a huge mess because there were mistakes and other people were killed, so they told us we were now going to be doing a ground elimination operation.
Is that the terminology they used? "Ground elimination operation"?
I don't remember. But we knew it was going to be the first one of the Intifada. That was very important for the commanders and we started to train for it. The plan was to catch a terrorist on his way to Rafah, trap him in the middle of the road, and eliminate him.
Not to arrest him?
No, direct elimination. Targeted. But that operation was canceled, and then a few days later they told us that we're going on an arrest operation. I remember the disappointment. We were going to arrest the guy instead of doing something groundbreaking, changing the terms. So the operation was planned…
Anyway, we're waiting inside the APC [armored personnel carrier], there are Shin Bet agents with us, and we can hear the updates from intelligence. It was amazing, like, "He's sitting in his house drinking coffee, he's going downstairs, saying hi to the neighbor" — stuff like that. "He's going back up, coming down again, saying this and that, opening the trunk now, picking up a friend" — really detailed stuff. He didn't drive, someone else drove, and they told us his weapon was in the trunk. So we knew he didn't have the weapon with him in the car, which would make the arrest easier. At least it relieved my stress, because I knew that if he ran to get the weapon, they'd shoot at him.
Where did the Shin Bet agent sit?
With me. In the APC. We were in contact with command and they told us he'd arrive in another five minutes, four minutes, one minute. And then there was a change in the orders, apparently from the brigade commander: elimination operation. A minute ahead of time. They hadn't prepared us for that. A minute to go and it's an elimination operation.
Why do you say "apparently from the brigade commander"?
I think it was the brigade commander. Looking back, the whole thing seems like a political ploy by the commander, trying to get bonus points for doing the first elimination operation, and the brigade commander trying, too. . . everyone wanted it, everyone was hot for it. The car arrives, and it's not according to plan: their car stops here, and there's another car in front of it, here. From what I remember, we had to shoot, he was three meters away. We had to shoot. After they stopped the cars, I fired through the scope and the gunfire made an insane amount of noise, just crazy. And then the car, the moment we started shooting, started speeding in this direction.
The car in front?
No, the terrorist's car — apparently when they shot the driver his leg was stuck on the gas, and they started flying. The gunfire increased, and the commander next to me is yelling "Stop, stop, hold your fire," but they don't stop shooting. Our guys get out and start running, away from the jeep and the armored truck, shoot a few rounds, and then go back. Insane bullets flying around for a few minutes. "Stop, stop, hold your fire," and then they stop. They fired dozens if not hundreds of bullets into the car in front.
Are you saying this because you checked afterward?
Because we carried out the bodies. There were three people in that car. Nothing happened to the person in the back. He got out, looked around like this, put his hands in the air. But the two bodies in the front were hacked to pieces…
Afterward, I counted how many bullets I had left — I'd shot ten bullets. The whole thing was terrifying — more and more and more noise. It all took about a second and a half. And then they took out the bodies, carried the bodies. We went to a debriefing. I'll never forget when they brought the bodies out at the base. We were standing two meters away in a semicircle, the bodies were covered in flies, and we had the debriefing. It was, "Great job, a success. Someone shot the wrong car, and we'll talk about the rest back on the base." I was in total shock from all the bullets, from the crazy noise. We saw it on the video, it was all documented on video for the debriefing. I saw all the things that I told you, the people running, the minute of gunfire, I don't know if it's twenty seconds or a minute, but it was hundreds of bullets and it was clear that the people had been killed, but the gunfire went on and the soldiers were running from the armored truck. What I saw was a bunch of bloodthirsty guys firing an insane amount of bullets, and at the wrong car, too. The video was just awful, and then the unit commander got up. I'm sure we'll be hearing a lot from him.
What do you mean?
That he'll be a regional commanding officer or the chief of staff one day. He said, "The operation wasn't carried out perfectly, but the mission was accomplished, and we got calls from the chief of staff, the defense minister, the prime minister" — everyone was happy, it's good for the unit, and the operation was like, you know, just: "Great job." The debriefing was just a cover-up.
Meaning no one stopped to say, "Three innocent people died." Maybe with the driver there was no other way, but who were the others?
Who were they, in fact?
At that time I had a friend training with the Shin Bet, he told me about the jokes going around that the terrorist was a nobody. He'd probably taken part in some shooting and the other two had nothing to do with anything. What shocked me was that the day after the operation, the newspapers said that "a secret unit killed four terrorists," and there was a whole story on each one, where he came from, who he'd been involved with, the operations he'd done. But I know that on the Shin Bet base they're joking about how we killed a nobody and the other two weren't even connected, and at the debriefing itself they didn't even mention it.
Who did the debriefing?
The unit commander. The first thing I expected to hear was that something bad happened, that we did the operation to eliminate one person and ended up eliminating four. I expected that he'd say, "I want to know who shot at the first car. I want to know why A-B-C ran to join in the big bullet-fest." But that didn't happen, and I understood that they just didn't care. These people do what they do. They don't care.
Did the guys talk about it?
Yes. There were two I could talk to. One of them was really shocked but it didn't stop him. It didn't stop me, either. It was only after I came out of the army that I understood. No, even when I was in the army I understood that something really bad had happened. But the Shin Bet agents were as happy as kids at a summer camp.
What does that mean?
They were high-fiving and hugging. Really pleased with themselves. They didn't join in the debriefing, it was of no interest to them. But what was the politics of the operation? How come my commanders, not one of them, admitted that the operation had failed? And failed so badly with the shooting all over the place that the guys sitting in the truck got hit with shrapnel from the bullets. It's a miracle we didn't kill each other.
5. Her limbs were smeared on the wall
Unit: Givati Brigade
Location: Gaza Strip
Year: 2008
One company told me they did an operation where a woman was blown up and smeared all over the wall. They kept knocking on her door and there was no answer, so they decided to open it with explosives. They placed them at the door and right at that moment the woman came to open it. Then her kids came down and saw her. I heard about it after the operation at dinner. Someone said it was funny that the kids saw their mother smeared on the wall and everyone cracked up. Another time I got screamed at by my platoon when I went to give the detainees some water from our field kit canteen. They said, "What, are you crazy?" I couldn't see what their problem was, so they said, "Come on, germs." In Nahal Oz, there was an incident with kids who'd been sent by their parents to try to get into Israel to find food, because their families were hungry. They were fourteen- or fifteen-year-old boys, I think. I remember one of them sitting blindfolded and then someone came and hit him, here.
On the legs.
And poured oil on him, the stuff we use to clean weapons.
6. We shot at fishermen
Unit: Navy
Location: Gaza Strip
Year: 2007
There's an area bordering Gaza that's under the navy's control. Even after Israel disengaged from the Strip, nothing changed in the sea sector. I remember that near Area K, which divided Israel and Gaza, there were kids as young as four or six, who'd get up early in the morning to fish, in the areas that were off-limits. They'd go there because the other areas were crowded with fishermen. The kids always tried to cross, and every morning we'd shoot in their direction to scare them off. It got to the point of shooting at the kids' feet where they were standing on the beach or at the ones on surfboards. We had Druze police officers on board who'd scream at them in Arabic. We'd see the poor kids crying.
What do you mean, "shoot in their direction"?
It starts with shooting in the air, then it shifts to shooting close by, and in extreme cases it becomes shooting toward their legs.
At what distance?
Five or six hundred meters, with a Rafael heavy machine gun, it's all automatic.
Where do you aim?
It's about perspective. On the screen, there's a measure for height and a one for width, and you mark where you want the bullet to go with the cursor. It cancels out the effect of the waves and hits where it's supposed to, it's precise.
You aim a meter away from the surfboard?
More like five or six meters. I heard about cases where they actually hit the surfboards, but I didn't see it. There were other things that bothered me, this thing with Palestinian fishing nets. The nets cost around four thousand shekels, which is like a million dollars for them. When they wouldn't do what we said too many times, we'd sink their nets. They leave their nets in the water for something like six hours. The Dabur patrol boat comes along and cuts their nets.
As a punishment.
For what?
Because they didn't do what we said. Let's say a boat drifts over to an area that's off-limits, so a Dabur comes, circles, shoots in the air, and goes back. Then an hour later, the boat comes back and so does the Dabur. The third time around, the Dabur starts shooting at the nets, at the boat, and then shoots to sink them.
Is the off-limits area close to Israel?
There's one area close to Israel and another along the Israeli-Egyptian border… Israel's sea border is twelve miles out, and Gaza's is only three. They've only got those three miles, and that's because of one reason, which is that Israel wants its gas, and there's an offshore drilling rig something like three and a half miles out facing the Gaza Strip, which should be Palestinian, except that it's ours… the Navy Special Forces unit provides security for the rig. A bird comes near the area, they shoot it. There's an insane amount of security for that thing. One time there were Egyptian fishing nets over the three-mile limit, and we dealt with them. A total disaster.
They were in international waters, we don't have jurisdiction there, but we'd shoot at them.
At Egyptian fishing nets?
Yes. Although we're at peace with Egypt.
Oded Na'aman is co-editor of Our Harsh Logic: Israeli Soldiers' Testimonies from the Occupied Territories, 2000–2010 (Metropolitan Books, 2012). He is also a founder of Breaking the Silence, an Israeli organization dedicated to collecting the testimonies of Israel Defense Force soldiers, and a member of the Israeli Opposition Network. He served in the IDF as a first sergeant and crew commander in the artillery corps between 2000 and 2003 and is now working on his PhD in philosophy at Harvard University. The testimonies in this piece from Our Harsh Logic have been adapted and shortened.
Follow TomDispatch on Twitter @TomDispatch and join us on Facebook. Check out the newest Dispatch book, Nick Turse's The Changing Face of Empire: Special Ops, Drones, Proxy Fighters, Secret Bases, and Cyberwarfare.
Copyright 2012 Breaking the Silence
Mirrored from Tomdispatch.com


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It was a fun Birthday party on Saturday,had a whale of time.I had really forgotten how it feels to be among kids,being in their company and how fun it is to think from their point of view!!
Vicky,son of our dearest friends cum neighbours' was celebrating his 7th Birthday on September 12th.He is very special to us,being born the same year we got married,he literally grew up before our eyes.He comes to us when he gets a new toy..to "showoff',thinks we are of same age and challenges us in games.Ajay enjoys a game of football with him and at the end of it I cant say who is younger of the lot:).
He wanted a Lion King cake for his birthday,hence I decided to bake him a Zebra for company.Made Zebra cupcakes following the same recipe as this.But the outcome was not so Zebra-ish,the looks were more like marble cupcakes.Despite using the smallest spoon,I could put only four spoons,two chocolate and two vanilla each.So the stripes were not quite evident.The cupcakes were gone before you could spell Z-e-b-r-a,so I am not complaining.
Here is the recipe,I made the same quantity and got around 40 regular sized cupcakes.


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A shortage of Adderall began last year, sending millions of people with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy on perpetual wild goose chases to find drugstores with the pills they need to stay alert and focused.
So it's not surprising that Adderall counterfeiters have seized a big marketing opportunity. What is surprising is their clumsiness.
The Food and Drug Administration says fake Adderall pills are easy to spot. They're white instead of peachy-pink. They're smooth, with none of the markings of the real 30-milligram tablets — the highest dose. They may come in blister packs, while real Adderall is sold only in 100-count bottles.
And the packaging of the counterfeit pills is riddled with typos and misspellings — "aspartrte" instead of "aspartate," and "singel" instead of "single."
If there's still any doubt, the fake packaging has "NDS" instead of "NDC," an abbreviation for National Drug Code. The correct NDC code, by the way, is 0555-0768-02, which must be on every bottle of 30-mg Adderall.
FDA scientists have found that the counterfeit drug contains none of the four active ingredients of the real thing. Instead, it contains two painkillers — acetaminophen and tramadol — which have no effect on ADHD or narcolepsy.
"The counterfeit versions of Adderall should be considered as unsafe, ineffective and potentially harmful," the FDA says.
Not to mention cruel. But then, you can't expect counterfeiters to care about the suffering (or pocketbooks) of the people they're out to swindle.
The FDA encourages consumers who think they've received fake Adderall to contact the agency's Office of Criminal Investigations at 800-551-3989 or www.fda.gov/OCI.
There's no telling when supplies of real Adderall will be back to normal. Its maker, Teva Pharmaceuticals, "continues to release product as it becomes available," the FDA says.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.