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Wednesday, May 18, 2011
Eli Pariser is wrong
For example, in one interview, Eli says, "Basically, instead of doing what great media does, which is push us out of our comfort zone at times and show us things that we wouldn't expect to like, wouldn't expect to want to see, [personalization is] showing us sort of this very narrowly constructed zone of what is most relevant to you." In another, he claims, personalization creates a "distorted view of the world. Hearing your own views and ideas reflected back is comfortable, but it can lead to really bad decisions--you need to see the whole picture to make good decisions."
Eli has a fundamental misunderstanding of what personalization is, leading him to the wrong conclusion. The goal of personalization and recommendations is discovery. Recommendations help people find things they would have difficulty finding on their own.
If you know about something already, you use search to find it. If you don't know something exists, you can't search for it. And that is where recommendations and personalization come in. Recommendations and personalization enhance serendipity by surfacing useful things you might not know about.
That is the goal of Amazon's product recommendations, to help you discover things you did not know about in Amazon's store. It is like a knowledgeable clerk who walks you through the store, highlighting things you didn't know about, helping you find new things you might enjoy. Recommendations enhance discovery and provide serendipity.
It was also the goal of Findory's news recommendations. Findory explicitly sought out news you would not know about, news from a variety of viewpoints. In fact, one of the most common customer service complaints at Findory was that there was too much diversity of views, that people wanted to eliminate viewpoints that they disagreed with, viewpoints that pushed them out of their comfort zone.
Eli's confusion about personalization comes from a misunderstanding of its purpose. He talks about personalization as narrowing and filtering. But that is not what personalization does. Personalization seeks to enhance discovery, to help you find novel and interesting things. It does not seek to just show you the same things you could have found on your own.
Eli's proposed solution is more control. But, as Eli himself says, control is part of the problem: "People have always sought [out] news that fits their own views." Personalization and recommendations work to expand this bubble that people try to put themselves it, to help them see news they would not look at on their own.
Recommendations and personalization exist to enhance discovery. They improve serendipity. If you just want people to find things they already know about, use search or let them filter things themselves. If you want people to discover new things, use recommendations and personalization.
Update: Eli Pariser says he will respond to my critique. I will link to it when he does.
25 comments:
- Daniel Lemire said...
I have great respect for Amazon's recommender system (obviously) but I do think that we are still falling short of coping with the long tail.
For example, I am a passionate scifi reader. Go on Amazon and look up a few books from the major authors. Amazon will then point out to the other major authors. There are maybe 20 such authors. Once you have discovered them all, you get into some kind of "recommender" bubble or clique. There are great (and even somewhat popular) authors outside this clique, but they are hard to find through the Amazon web site, probably because they fall below some threshold.
When Google Reader started recommending blogs, I used it quite a bit. Then I noticed that as I added theoretical computer scientists (TCS) to my list, I got into some kind of clique where Google Reader recommended more and more TCS bloggers. At some point, I had to do some major cleaning to escape this clique and get to read other stuff. - May 18, 2011 at 9:44 AM
- jeremy said...
Would it be fair to say that personalization on its own neither expands or filters.. but it is the particular personalization technique, the particular implementation, which may serve to expand or contract one's world view?
I get what you're saying about personalization being about discovery, about finding things of which you previous were not aware. But you can examine that newness through two lenses: Newness of an item vs. newness of a concept.
Suppose for example that I am a moon landing denier. Personalization could do one of two things for me: (1) Bring to my awareness a blogpost about why this particular photograph could have been faked, or these rocks are obviously earth rocks. Or (2) Bring to my awareness blogpost about why the moon landing really did happen.
In both cases, discovery has occurred. Some new piece of information of which I previously was unaware has now entered my consciousness. But one has challenged my worldview; one has not.
I'm saying Findory did or didn't do one of these, I'm simply asking about your abstract, top level understanding of personalization: Could it be said that personalization really is about either of these approaches? And that it is incumbent upon the system designers to bias the system toward one of the two information goals, whether new item from same worldview, or new item from different worldview? - May 18, 2011 at 10:26 AM
What if they are both right? Filtering done superficially based on limited observations of activity might do things badly. However, a deep neurological (and physical) sensing of the subject might enable such precise modeling that all desirable discovery would be anticipated. [I'm not talking about current state of the art, here.]
- May 18, 2011 at 12:24 PM
As other commenters have implied: the subject criticism seems oriented toward very naive recommender systems, and certainly fails against more sophisticated personalization.
For example, as I discuss in my book on enterprise recommender and auto-learning systems, "The Learning Layer," it is valuable to provide users with the means to explicitly tune the "narrowness" for their recommendations. But even within this guidance from the user, "the wise system will also sometimes take the user a bit off of her well well-worn paths. Think of it as the system running little experiments. Only by 'taking a jump' with some of these types of experimental recommendations every now and then can the system fine-tune its understanding of the user and get a feel for potential changes in tastes and preferences."
In other words, by taking the user outside his comfort zone, not only is "the long tail" beneficially exposed, but the system gains valuable information not otherwise available that enables more nuanced inferences in the future.
And beyond these capabilities, an explanation should be provided to the user as to why a recommendation was made, and even the degree of confidence the system has in making the recommendation--thereby making it transparent to the user that the recommendation is a bit off the beaten path. - May 18, 2011 at 2:19 PM
- Todd said...
Thanks for a well written article.
In 2004 I wrote software to scan news feeds so I could discover interesting news and articles I previously would have missed. It led me to finding this blog and many other sources I now follow.
Since I implemented my software as a feed reader (feedsanywhere.com) I could control the sources and choose one's that match my viewpoint, but since I can sift through more news than I previously read it gives me the time to search out new sources thus expanding my exposure to various viewpoints.
Also, there's nothing preventing someone from using multiple services to enhance serendipity further. I love consuming RSS feeds, but I still get news from Yahoo and other places.
Greg, your mention of Amazon product recommendations reminds me that I think they've slightly missed the mark with the new Kindle with special offers. I don't care about a book sale, but I would be interested in seeing a new book Amazon thinks I might be interested. I wonder why they don't use recommendations instead of special offers. Discovery is one thing that keeps me coming back to Amazon so why not expand it to a Kindle. - May 18, 2011 at 8:27 PM
- Jurgen Van Gael said...
Hi Greg,
I think you're absolutely right. Say in the news domain: personalization has the opportunity for you to discover new things you didn't know existed. I would argue that the old style "plain paper" newspaper model causes way more single-mindedness by definition: everyone gets the same newspaper! - May 19, 2011 at 3:58 AM
- spider said...
The ubiquitous "personalization" train is just leaving the station and so it is revealing that the President of the Move.On organization has written a book on the subject now. Haven't read the book to understand the societal, commercial and political issues being raised at this early stage of technology introduction.
Agree that it is about the methods/techniques used. - May 19, 2011 at 4:13 AM
On the individual level, I agree with you Greg about the role of personalization for discovery. At the group level, however, Balkinization is potentially a real issue.
I highly recommend you look over Ethan Zuckerman's post around these issues. - May 19, 2011 at 10:12 AM
- Dinesh Vadhia said...
Weird. My first comment turned up under the name "spider" which I don't own! - May 19, 2011 at 12:40 PM
- Jose San Pedro said...
good post and better discussion. My opinion on this matter is that regardless of what the ultimate objetive of personalization is, in some contexts is leading to what Daniel Lemire has very graphically defined as "cliques". Eli himself uses a very interesting example of promoted Facebook friends (see his TED talk about it).
In search contexts personalization seems to be clearly limiting serendipity. For instance, google makes use of features such as user location to personalize results, therefore biasing what the population of entire regions are able to find. As a consequence, users learning about certain topics might find their notion of information relevance affected just by the place they were when the query was written. Desirable in some cases, but not so in many others.
Summing up, I agree that personalization is not at all incompatible with serendipity (and indeed might be the best way to enhance it), but when applied incorrectly it may lead to the exact opposite result. - May 20, 2011 at 9:39 AM
- Todd said...
Jose mentioned Facebook and one of the interesting things about its personalization of the news feed is many Facebook users don't know they're not seeing every post. I prefer to see sites make it clear if the data stream is being filtered.
- May 20, 2011 at 8:15 PM
- Daniel Tunkelang said...
Seems a propos to point readers to Vegard Sandvold's 2009 post on "Does Everything Really Sound Like Coldplay?", which in turn references Oscar Celma's dissertation on "Music Recommendation and Discovery In The Long Tail". Granted, discovery doesn't have to all be in the tail -- I actually discovered Coldplay because Pandora recommended it to me.
- May 20, 2011 at 8:36 PM
- Greg Linden said...
Looks like Eli Pariser wrote two new editorials this weekend pushing his view that personalization limits serendipity, one in The New York Times and one in CNN.
Meanwhile, Cory Doctorow criticizes the book as unbalanced. - May 23, 2011 at 7:37 AM
- Greg Linden said...
Several good comments here. Let me add a couple things to the discussion.
Clearly, as many point out, personalization is a tool, and, like any tool, it can be used badly. There is no question that personalization could be used to limit serendipity, intentionally or accidentally. My point is that well implemented personalization will enhance serendipity. And, I would argue, that if a business implemented personalization that limits serendipity, that is inherently unstable, as customers can already use other tools to find what they already know they want (like search or browse), and, if the business or any competing business launches personalization that enhances serendipity, customers will prefer that. For example, at Amazon, A/B tests found that biasing the personalization toward very popular items reduced sales, so that change was not made. People use the recommendations to find things they couldn't find otherwise, and biasing the recommender toward items they already know about like popular items destroyed its value. The recommender was tuned to enhance serendipity not just because that was the right thing to do, but because that was what worked best for customers. Serendipity is not just a design goal for personalization. It the purpose of personalization.
A major issue is that Eli is not distinguishing between customization (aka explicit personalization) and implicit personalization. His argument moves back and forth between automatic filters and people implementing the filters themselves, between the problem being lack of control of automated personalization or people using control of picking sources and feeds in ways that limits what they see. Clearly, it is the case that people can use customization to limit what they see. People already do this whether they use a customization tool like a feed reader or not, just by going to one website or another or picking up one newspaper or another. In this post, I limited my argument only to implicit personalization, like recommender systems, that learn from behavior, but I want to say that I think the lack of clarity in Eli's argument about what he means by personalization adds confusion to this debate. - May 23, 2011 at 7:56 AM
- jeremy said...
Clearly, it is the case that people can use customization to limit what they see. People already do this whether they use a customization tool like a feed reader or not, just by going to one website or another or picking up one newspaper or another.
I was listening to a follow-up interview of Pariser on KQED Forum (May 19th episode), and he actually made a really good point with respect to customization: He said people can't do it. More and more, it is becoming impossible to explicitly turn off a company's implicit personalization, and get absolutely neutral resulst. Take search engines for example. They will use your country domain, your browser type, etc. to give you different results than someone else. Even when you're not logged in to your account.
There is a complete loss of control on the user's part, a complete inability to explicitly turn off that implicit personalization.
The user needs (cue dead horse beating) tools, needs the control back.
It's fine that users are already personalizing. But they have the choice to pick up a different newspaper if they want to. With built-in personalization like the country-code issue, or the browser issue, the user has zero control, zero choice. Is that not a concern? - May 23, 2011 at 12:07 PM
- Greg Linden said...
Hi, Jeremy. I'd say loss of control is a tangential issue, like privacy or data security, if our debate is supposed to be about serendipity.
The argument that additional control would enhance serendipity seems weak. You have to argue that people would use controls not to add additional filters, but to remove them, but evidence seems to indicate that, if anything, the opposite is true (such as with Findory's example where people wanted to limit sources and viewpoints they saw).
Moreover, it isn't clear that loss of control is anything new or that personalization changes it. People have no influence over the ranking algorithm used by Google, personalized or unpersonalized, and their only control is to use another search engine. Likewise, they have no control over what the editorial board of a newspaper chooses as their top stories, and no choice other than to read another newspaper if they want something different.
So, while loss of control, privacy, and data security all concern me, both in personalized systems and non-personalized systems, I don't think they have much bearing on this debate about whether personalization enhances serendipity and discovery. - May 23, 2011 at 12:37 PM
- jeremy said...
Well, I don't see loss of control as tangential. No control means no awareness, and no awareness means no recognition of being in a filter bubble, and no recognition of being in a filter bubble means no ability to escape that bubble.
The situation becomes particularly egregious given that fact that pretty much all the search engines do it.. pretty much everyone implicitly personalizes by country code, if not by other signals (browser, etc) as well.
As a teenager, if I wanted different music recommendations and/or browsing options, I knew that I could get different results by going to the chain record store at the mall over in Fremont, or that I could take BART up to Berkeley and go to an independent (yet still very large) record store like Rasputin's. Both options had scale, but were very different from each other. I had a choice.
Today, I feel like I don't have this choice with web page search/recommendations. Pretty much all the majors are doing the same thing, putting me in this control-less bubble. And there are no real independent, web-scale engines that give me anything different. Where is the Rasputin's of web search? - May 24, 2011 at 7:07 AM
- Dinesh Vadhia said...
Well, I must have been living under a rock because I didn't know that Google personalizes search results. Just did a test from different devices (belonging to different people) using the same query keywords and there were differences in the results. Uhmm, not sure what to make of this late-in-the-day discovery ... But, I can see why Eli Pariser is making a big deal out of this because Google is the goto search site for the majority of the population in most countries.
- May 29, 2011 at 7:57 AM
- Sebastian Wain said...
As usual, this is not a black & white discussion: I always admired Amazon but nothing compares with a very close friend who can recommend stuff from a different "galaxy" that no recommendation engine can infer [yet].
Believe me, we, humans, have some uniqueness that can't be inferred from statistics.
And there is another point about the goal of recommendation engines, if Netflix want to increase their profits they will not risk recommending stuff that you can't like with a level of confidence. - May 29, 2011 at 10:16 AM
- Yossi said...
Personalization means satisfying a person's needs, pleasures and desires at a particular circumstance.
- May 31, 2011 at 1:08 PM
I think a good example is showing a golf fan from US a story about how a golf fan or player did something unique in Fiji. But I think showing him a news story about the "new trend in woman's shoe" might not benefit or interest him. I think in the older editorially controlled world the total number of stories that could be put were limited but now in the new world it can be expanded and thus add more interest to the user. I think what personalization misses out and which needs to be incorporated is that don;t show a "democrat" only his stories identify that polarity of concepts will be important to him and so show him "republican" view point as well. I guess it is a question of identifying the interest at a high enough level so the interest is "politics" and not "republican" or "democrat" and then making sure that the content shown has enough diversity from across that spectrum.
- June 3, 2011 at 1:15 AM
- phraktle said...
Posted my opinion on Eli's views: http://phraktle.com/en/personalization-expands-filter-bubbles
Brief summary: he does make some good points, but those are not about personalization. Personalization actually expands the horizon of discovery. - June 12, 2011 at 10:15 AM
I'll admit it: I tested Eli's test. Can you guess the outcome? Of course you can. I have to question whether or not he actually did the test or just made it up.
I've never had this "filter bubble" issue and I don't expect I ever will. I do my searches and I start out vague, then I narrow the results by keyword and search strategy. I see all sorts of ads that may or may not be relevant to me, but my searches always produce exactly what I need (and sometimes sends me way out into the left field with new information based on my keywords, not my search habits).
I like personalization and I like what it offers. I like Google and I rarely complain about their services, because they deliver.
By the way, Eli must have forgotten to respond. - August 13, 2011 at 10:54 PM
- David Amerland said...
Greg you make some very good points here and I agree with most of what you say, on principle. Eli also raises an issue which many do not get and a lot of people do not totally understand. Eli's argument is mostly focused on search and social networks and it comes, understandably, from a layman's point of view and as such he raises awareness on something which many layman may not even be aware about.
Your arguments about personalisation in product presentation (as in Amazon) and search are right but fail to fully take into account the inexperience of laymen with filters and their inability, at times, to fully comprehend the functionality of technologies they use on a daily basis.
Eli brings focus upon the fact that in an environment where search engines try to create a totally personalized experience for a user and eCommerce verticals, such as Amazon, focus on creating profitable conversions, there is a potential danger of creating these 'comfort bubbles' as Eli calls them where our very immediate view of the world is narrowed down (in breadth if not depth) to the point that we truly fail to see the 'Big Picture'.
The glib answer lies, of course, in the education of the 'masses' to use the web and its technologies better but that is neither easy nor reliable. The debate Eli has started is part of an important process for finding an answer. - September 17, 2011 at 2:32 AM
- chas said...
If you keep finding only more and more of what you "want" to find, of what is "useful" to you, eventually it's like the rat that keeps pushing the lever that delivers "pleasure" impulses to the brain and starves to death as a result.
If you are a frog is a pot eating flies fed to you by your chef, what you Need is a feeling of Discomfort. What you want (more and bigger flies) is only going to make for a better feast at your expense. Wake up. The house is on fire. - October 3, 2011 at 9:55 AM


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"It's good to compete against somebody that loves competing and who has the same passion for martial arts as I do." - Court McGee
Nothing went as Court McGee had planned leading into his last fight. Things didn't play out as he had expected once the cage door closed either, and the combination of the two has the former Ultimate Fighter winner irritated, but intensely focused as he readies to make his return to the Octagon this weekend at UFC 149.
"I let myself down. I don't have anybody to blame other than myself on the business side," McGee began. "I'm a fighter and I love fighting, but it got to a point where I didn't want to fight; I wanted to try and figure out the business side, and do this, do that. Then I got to the point where I was like, `S**t – what am I doing this for?' I lost track of why it is that I love to step into the cage and fight guys, and I found that again. You can't explain it really, but I've got it.
"I was so disappointed after the fight because I let myself down; I didn't cut him off as well as I can," added McGee, turning his attention to another source of frustration – his March loss to Costa Philippou. "But we're not in a square ring, so you can't corner a guy, and it's hard to put somebody on the cage if they're running. It's just one of those things that are frustrating, and there have been two or three fights that have been like that.
"What if he would have rocked me, and come in? Followed up, finished, and got Knockout of the Night? That's fifty grand, man. Or if he would have stood there and fought me, we would have got Fight of the Night, and that's fifty grand, you know what I mean?"
McGee has built his reputation on being a fighter who is hard to put away; a well-rounded mixed martial artist whose greatest strengths inside the cage are his conditioning and heart. He's earned the adoration of fans for his entertaining back-and-forth fights, both during his time on The Ultimate Fighter and since winning the middleweight competition on Season 11 as a member of Team Liddell.
He feels like he didn't get the opportunity to give that to the fans in Australia back in March, in part because of an illness that plagued him in the weeks leading up to his fight, but also because of the strategy Philippou employed. It's one that we're seeing utilized more often, a trend that worries McGee.
"Look at it in the Clay Guida fight; same thing," McGee offered, referencing the lightweight's recent split decision loss to Gray Maynard that saw Guida attempt to use an uncharacteristic stick-and-move approach to counter Maynard's size and strength advantages. "If they had given Clay Guida the fight, it would have been okay for you to run in this sport, when we get paid to compete; to fight. It's not an amateur boxing match where I score once or twice and then see how fast I can run away; we're out there to finish the guy. You're out there to submit him or knock him out. So for two-and-a-half minutes when you run side-to-side and don't throw one punch, what are you doing exactly?"
As much as the loss continues to frustrate him, McGee has turned the page, shifting his focus to Nick Ring, and using his experience in Australia to push him through a more rigorous and productive training camp heading into their meeting on Saturday night. Rather than use the illness that slowed him and Philippou's game plan as an excuse that he lets hold him back, the 27-year-old southpaw is using them as another lesson learned on his journey as a martial artist, and fuel to deliver a better performance when he steps into the cage at the Scotiabank Saddledome this weekend.
"Yeah, I got sick, and I was on a s**t-load of antibiotics, and I lost a bunch of weight, and I didn't have as much energy and strength as I usually would, but that's part of it too. To be a martial artist, you take on a challenge. It's not the winning or the losing – granted, everybody wants to win, and everybody is willing to work to win – but winning and losing is only a part of it. It's the journey. It's the experience. I took a lot from the experience, so it's fueled the fire in me that I can't explain to you, man.
"I went out to Gilbert (Melendez's) gym," continued McGee. "I've got some really good partners out there like Tareq Azim, and Jake Shields is one of my best training partners. Even though he's a regular stance guy, it's really good training; really good intensity, and he's a really good partner for me, so I go out there and work. So I spent some time out there, and I got some good training, and that was a part of my camp that I didn't get to do last time because I was struggling a little bit. I couldn't afford to get out there, and I didn't want to put my family in a bad situation. This time I'm doing a little bit better, and I was able to afford a trip out there, and it worked out. I got really good training the last week."
The fight with Ring is not only a welcomed opportunity to face another fighter who likes to come forward and engage, but also a matter of unfinished business, as McGee and his upcoming opponent shared the cage during Season 11 of The Ultimate Fighter, with the Canadian earning a questionable two-round decision win over "The Crusher" prior to a knee injury eliminating him from the competition.
Most people believed the close contest should have gone to a sudden victory round, including McGee, who is looking forward to the chance to renew acquaintances with Ring on Saturday night.
"I think it should have gone another round," admitted McGee of his TUF tilt with Tito Ortiz's first pick. "I'm not saying I should have won the fight, but I think it should have gone another round at least, and now we'll get a chance to do it.
"Another thing too is that he's a true martial artist. I know Nick Ring, and I've talked to him since the show, and he's a true martial artist. He's a good guy, and I like competing against guys like that. And he takes it serious. I mean, most everybody in the UFC takes it serious, but it's good to compete against somebody that loves competing and who has the same passion for martial arts as I do."
Despite having a great deal of respect for his upcoming opponent, McGee plans on starting another winning streak on Saturday night, and has designs on doing so in impressive fashion.
"I want to come out and hurt Nick Ring; finish him. I want to beat up Nick Ring, man. I want to come out and beat him, and that's something that I'm going to do."
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Absolutely. It is important that you initiate a balanced diet for your child so that their teeth develop appropriately. In addition, this will positively affect healthy gum tissue surrounding the teeth. Please note that a diet high in sugar and other forms of carbohydrates may increase the probability of tooth decay.
How do I create a diet that is safe for my child's teeth?
As we stated earlier, initiate a balanced diet. Analyze the frequency in which starch- based foods are eaten. These types of foods include breads, pasta, potato chips, etc. In addition, sugar is found in more than just candy. All types of sugars can promote tooth decay. For example, most milk-based products contain sugar. A peanut butter and jelly sandwich is a favorite for bagged lunches. Unfortunately, it includes sugar not only in the jelly, but also in the peanut butter. For less sugar and more flavor and nutrients, try replacing jelly with fresh fruit slices (apples, pears, or bananas) or chopped dried fruit. Go easy on the peanut butter, though — it's high in fat. Choose the "no-salt-added" kind for less sodium.
Should I eliminate all sugar and starch from my child's diet?
Of course not. Many of these foods are incredibly important to your child's health. Starch- based foods are much safer to eat for teeth when eaten with an entire meal. Foods that stick to teeth are also more difficult to wash away by water, saliva, or other drinks. It's important that you talk to our staff about your child's diet and to maintain proper dental care.
What helpful information can you give me regarding tooth decay in infants?
Most importantly, don't nurse your children to sleep. Do not put them to bed with a bottle of milk, juice, or formula. When a child is sleeping, any liquid that remains in the mouth can support the bacteria that produce acid and harm the teeth. A simple pacifier or bottle of water is fine.
Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Tooth Loss
What should I do if my child's baby tooth is knocked out?
Contact our office as soon as possible.
What should I do if my child's permanent tooth is knocked out?
Rinse the knocked out tooth in cool water. Do not scrub the tooth. If possible, replace the tooth in the socket and hold it there with clean gauze. If you can't put the tooth back into the socket, place the tooth in a container of milk (or water if milk is not available.) Come to our office immediately. Feel free to call our emergency number if it is after hours. The tooth has a better chance of being saved if you act immediately.
What should I do if my child's tooth is fractured or chipped?
Contact our office as soon as possible. Time is of the essence! Our goal is to save the tooth and prevent infection. Rinse the mouth out with water and apply a cold compress to reduce swelling. It's possible that if you can find the broken tooth fragment, it can be bonded back to the tooth.
What do I do if my child has a toothache?
Call our office immediately to schedule an appointment. To help comfort your child, rinse out the mouth with cold water and apply a compress.
How can we prevent dental injuries?
Simple. Sport related dental injuries can be reduced or prevented by wearing mouth guards. Child proofing your home can help reduce injuries at home. In addition, regular dental check ups will contribute to preventative care
Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Sealants
What are sealants?
Tooth sealant refers to a plastic that a dentist bonds into the grooves of the chewing surface of a tooth as a means of helping prevent the formation of tooth decay.
How do sealants work?
In many cases, it is nearly impossible for children to clean the tiny grooves between their teeth. When a sealant is applied, the surface of the tooth is somewhat flatter and smoother. There are no longer any places on the chewing part of the tooth that the bristles of a toothbrush can't reach and clean. Since plaque can be removed more easily and effectively, there is much less chance that decay will start.
What is the life expectancy of tooth sealants?
The longevity of sealants varies. Sealants that have remained in place for three to five years would be considered successful, however, sealants can last much longer. It is not uncommon to see sealants placed during childhood still intact on the teeth of adults. Our office will check your child's sealants during routine dental visits and will recommend repair or reapplication when necessary.
Which teeth should be sealed?
Any tooth that shows characteristics of developing decay should be sealed. The most common teeth for a dentist to seal are a child's back teeth, and of these teeth, the molars are the most common teeth on which dental sealants are placed. The recommendation for sealants should be considered on a case-by-case basis.
What is the procedure for placing sealants?
Generally the procedure takes just one visit. Placing dental sealants can be a very easy process. The tooth is cleaned, conditioned, and dried. The sealant is then flowed onto the grooves of the tooth where it is hardened with a special blue light and then buffed. All normal activities can occur directly after the appointment.
How important is brushing and flossing after sealants are applied?
It is just as important for your child to brush and floss their teeth. Sealants are only one part of the defensive plan against tooth decay.
How much does it cost?
This treatment is quite affordable, especially when you consider the value of protection against tooth decay. Most dental insurance companies cover sealants. Check with your insurance company about your child's coverage.
Frequently Asked Questions About A Gummy Smile
When some children smile, they may show an excessive amount of gum tissue. This is called a gummy smile and may be due to a few different problems:
Gum irritation and overgrowth from braces. This is more likely to happen if the teeth appear short before the braces are placed on the teeth. This problem results not from the quality of the orthodontic care, but is a result of pre-treatment gum and bone thickness.
Altered passive eruption. The gum and bone normally recede as a part of the normal eruption of the teeth. When this normal recession doesn't occur, the gums cover too much of the teeth and make them appear "too short". The teeth are usually not too short. They are usually of normal size but are buried under the gum and bone.
If there are habits such as digit sucking or grinding (bruxism), excessive pressure or tooth wear can alter the appearance of the teeth. The problems may be able to be corrected with orthodontics, surgical procedures, or dental restorations such as crowns or veneers.
Skeletal developmental problems affect the growth of the jaws and the teeth. If orthodontics are instituted between the years of seven and nine, the growth of the jaws can often be controlled and the cosmetics can be improved.
Before treatment, it is critical to properly evaluate the problems and get an accurate diagnosis. Some cosmetic issues can be easily corrected while others like skeletal problems can be more difficult.
Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Mouth Guards
What is a mouth guard?
A mouth guard is comprised of soft plastic. They come in standard or custom fit to adapt comfortably to the upper teeth.
Why is a mouth guard important?
A mouth guard protects the teeth from possible sport injuries. It does not only protect the teeth, but the lips, cheeks, tongue, and jaw bone as well. It can contribute to the protection of a child from head and neck injuries such as concussions. Most injuries occur to the mouth and head area when a child is not wearing a mouth guard.
When should my child wear a mouth guard?
It should be worn during any sport-based activity where there is risk of head, face, or neck injury. Such sports include hockey, soccer, karate, basketball, baseball, skating, skateboarding, as well as many other sports. Most oral injuries occur when children play basketball, baseball, and soccer.
How do I choose a mouth guard for my child?
Choose a mouth guard that your child feels is comfortable. If a mouth guard feels bulky or interferes with speech to any great degree, it is probably not appropriate for your child.
There are many options in mouth guards. Most guards are found in athletic stores. These vary in comfort, protection as well as cost. The least expensive tend to be the least effective in preventing oral injuries. Customized mouth guards can be provided through our practice. They may be a bit more expensive, but they are much more comfortable and shock absorbent.


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We, at Marston's PLC, care about and respect your privacy. We'd like to explain what personal information we have about you and how we use it, as well as letting you know about our practices with regard to your privacy so that you know exactly what is happening with your data and what we are doing to keep it safe.
We are Marston's PLC! You may also know us as Marston's Inns, Revere Pub Company or one of our other trading divisions or group companies from time to time. Where we refer to "we" or "us" in this policy, we mean Marston's PLC or any company or division in our group.
If you have any questions about this policy or your privacy, you can find us or get in touch at St Johns House, St Johns Square, Wolverhampton, WV2 4BH. Our telephone number is 01902 907250.
We have appointed a Data Protection Officer for Marston's PLC who can be contacted via firstname.lastname@example.com.
We are registered in England & Wales with Company No. 31461 and our VAT number is GB100019352.
Data Protection within the UK is currently governed by the General Data Protection Regulation, the Data Protection Act 2018 and the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations ("Data Protection Laws") and we conduct our activities in line with these.
In relation to this website we are the Data Controller and CST Group Ltd (cst-group.com) are the data processor as the host and administrator for this site. We ask you to read our website terms of use in conjunction with this policy.
This privacy policy supplements other notices and privacy policies and is not intended to override them. It should be read in conjunction with other privacy policies that we may provide on specific occasions when we are collecting or processing personal data about you so that you are fully aware of how and why we are using your data.
A Glossary is also included at the end of this document to explain some of the terms we use in this privacy policy.
We collect a wide variety of information and the types we collect from you will vary dependent on whether you're an individual customer, another business, ordering a product or a service or participating in a promotion or competition (amongst other things). Here are the types of information we may collect from time to time along with sources which tell you where we may receive the data from.
Information we may gain directly from you:
Information we may collect about you:
Information we may receive from other external third parties:
We strive to collect the minimum amount of data necessary in order to perform the request for a product or service being made and so in some cases, failure to enter the requested information may result in us not being able to provide the product or service.
We may collect your information in a number of ways. Here is an overview of the circumstances in which data could be gathered.
There are a number of reasons we may request or collect your information. A summary of these can be found below:
We may use your details to make an informed decision on products or services we think you may be interested in. This is marketing and we will always ask for your consent before we do this where we intend to send you materials via e-mail or text. We will also always ask your consent before we pass your details to any external third parties so that they can market to you too.
We understand that you may change your mind about receiving these types of emails or texts so you can ask us to stop at any time. Just follow the unsubscribe link on any marketing communication we send to you and we will promptly remove you from our database. This will only apply to data you have supplied in accordance with signing up to marketing services. Data provided for other purposes will remain in our systems in line with this policy.
From time to time we may offer interactive promotions and competitions via social media platforms. When you choose to take part in these activities you should be aware that on some occasions the promoting party may choose to announce the winner of the event by 'tagging' them in an announcement on the relevant social media platform. We have certain obligations when running competitions or similar events including publishing details about the winner however this does not extend to identifying a particular individual via this method. If you are uncomfortable with this practice you have some options in order to conserve your right to privacy.
1. Use the social media platforms' settings panel
We have used Facebook as an example here, but all social media platforms should have similar functions.
Log into your account and navigate to the settings menu. Then click Timeline and Tagging in the left-hand options menu.
Use the options to decide who you want to be able to tag you on your timeline and on the news feed, and even activate a review system to approve tags before they are posted publicly.
2. Contact us
You have the right to contact us to ask us not to publish your details in this way (or any other way). This is known as the right to object. Whilst we may not publicise your details to the general public, we may still need to inform the Advertising Standards Authority to confirm that our promotion or competition was genuine. Please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com for more information or to raise an objection.
The lawful basis for processing varies depending on the processing activity.
We rely on a combination of legitimate interest, consent, legal obligation and contract in order to process your personal data (a definition of each is provided within the glossary). Below we have defined the ways in which we may process your personal data and what the legal basis is for doing so, whilst outlining our legitimate interests where necessary. We may process your personal data based on multiple lawful basis where on occasion, circumstances may dictate this is necessary. Please contact us if you require further details on any of the points below where multiple basis have been specified. Generally, we consider:
What are we trying to achieve? |
What personal Data is involved? |
Our lawful basis for processing |
To respond to your feedback, enquiry, comment or complaint |
Identity |
Necessary for our legitimate interests (to ensure resolution to your reason for contacting us so that business can continue in a manner you'd expect) |
To fulfil your order for products or services, including where you sign up for an online account with us |
Identity |
Performance of Contract |
To administrate the terms of your shareholding including the processing of dividends, associated rights and benefits |
Identity |
Performance of Contract Legal Obligation |
To take steps to or make you a party to a business agreement (such as a Tenant, Retailer, Lessee, Free Trade Customer or other similar arrangement) |
Identity |
Performance of Contract Necessary for our legitimate interests (to conduct initial or ongoing credit reference checks, to offer you beneficial information (particularly on our current promotions), to recover outstanding monies from you) |
To administrate a competition, survey, or review that you are party to (and to notify you of any such changes that may affect you) |
Identity |
Performance of contract Legal Obligation (competitions) Necessary for our legitimate interests (to action the responses to surveys or reviews to improve our products and services) |
To conduct troubleshooting, data analysis, testing, research, system maintenance, support, reporting and hosting of data |
(a) Identity |
Necessary for our legitimate interests (to run our business in the best possible manner, providing administration and IT services, network security, to prevent fraud and in the context of a business reorganisation or group restructuring exercise) Legal obligation |
To administrate a job application Identity |
Identity |
Performance of Contract Legal Obligation |
To fulfil marketing communications via email, SMS or in certain circumstances telephone |
Identity |
Consent Performance of Contract/Necessary for our legitimate interests (telephone – to provide marketing services to other businesses so that we can communicate our current offers and promotions. To improve our relationship with you and ultimately grow our business) |
To deliver relevant website content and advertisements (including on social media websites) to you and analyse feedback so that we can measure the effectiveness of the materials To also suggest products and services we believe you will be interested in |
Identity |
Necessary for our legitimate interests (to show how customers interact with our advertisements, use our products/services, so that we can improve the advertisements, our relationship with you, products and services, ultimately to improve and grow our business) |
We do not intend our general marketing materials to be received by anybody under the age of 18 due to the nature of our business. Your personal data may be used to determine whether you meet these criteria.
Throughout the course of activities, it may be necessary for an external third party to receive a copy of your personal data. All of our external third parties are thoroughly vetted and are subject to contractual requirements and assessment of security standards in order to become an approved supplier. They are only permitted to process your personal data for the specified purpose and not for their own benefit.
Your data may be shared with any member of our group or trading divisions but external third parties may include any of those set out in the glossary, as relative to your circumstances, or third parties falling into the categories below.
Your data may be transferred to and stored at a destination outside the UK where we use external third parties. It may also be processed by staff operating outside of the UK who work for us or for one of our suppliers. These staff may be engaged in the fulfillment of your order, the processing of your payment details and the provision of support services (amongst other things).
We will only transfer personal data to countries where the GDPR applies or that have received an adequacy decision. Alternatively, a transfer may occur where we have adequate contracts approved by the Regulator which protects personal data in the same way that it is protected in the UK or where another appropriate safeguard exists. We make a thorough check and have strict requirements (in line with the law) in order to approve this type of processing in consideration of our suppliers.
Any information provided to us is stored in our secure servers and any payment transaction data is encrypted using SSL technology. Where you have a password, which enables access to certain parts of the website you are responsible for keeping the password confidential. Please do not share your password with anyone.
Unfortunately, the transfer of information over the internet is not completely secure. We do our best to protect your personal data, but we cannot guarantee the security of your data when it is transmitted to our site. Once we have received your information, we will ensure that we strictly monitor procedures and security measures to keep it safe.
Our site may contain links to and from the websites of our partner networks, advertisers and affiliates. If you follow a link to any of these websites, please note that these websites have their own privacy policies which we do not accept any responsibility or liability for. Please check these policies before you submit any personal data to these websites.
If you would like specific information about where your data is stored in relation to a particular process, please contact us.
We will only hold on to your personal data for as long as we need it to fulfill the purposes we collected it for. This includes considering the amount, nature and sensitivity of the data and the risk of any potential harm mishandling of this data may cause. We also consider if and when we can achieve the purposes we collected it for or if we can complete this without the personal data. We consider legal, tax and reporting requirements that impose limitations on how long we hold the data for. It may be kept for a longer period if we reasonably predict there will be an element of legal action within our relationship with you.
Please contact us if you would like to find out how long and why we keep your personal data.
Upon occasion, you may be entitled to certain rights under data protection law. These are laid out below but a full breakdown of their meaning is available in the glossary. You can enact any of these rights by contacting us via firstname.lastname@example.com or on 01902 711811.
There is no fee applicable to any of the above, however we may charge a fee or refuse your request if it is unfounded, excessive or repetitive.
We aim to respond to valid requests within one calendar month, however in certain circumstances it could take us longer. This may be because you have submitted a number of requests, or your request is particularly complex. We will keep you updated with your request along the way if this is the case.
We may need to verify your identity and ensure your rights to the personal data we hold on occasion. We will always make sure our request is reasonable and in line with the information or right you are requesting. This ensures we are not sending the data to somebody who is not entitled to see it or acting upon a rights request that has not been legitimately made by the person who is entitled to it.
We regularly review our policy so that we can ensure it is accurate and informative. Any changes will be made on this page. Please check back frequently for updates.
It is also important that any personal data we hold about you is up to date and accurate. Please update us if any of the details we hold about you change so that we can ensure our records reflect these changes.
Questions, comments and requests regarding this policy are welcomed and should be directed to any of the contact details at the top of this page.
We have appointed a Data Protection Officer for Marston's PLC who can be contacted via firstname.lastname@example.com.
Alternatively, should you feel necessary, you can contact the Information Commissioner's Office on 0303 123 1113 or online here.
When you visit our websites, we use cookies. Cookies allow us to identify the computer or device you're using to access our websites - but we can't identify you personally.
You can set up your web browser to refuse cookies, but this website will then fail to operate correctly.
Here are the types of cookies our websites use and some more details about what they're used for:
Cookie Name |
Purpose |
Expiration Policy |
acceptFinancialNews2 | Functional Used to remember eligibility to view financial announcements. |
Expires at the end of the current browser session. |
analyticsOptIn | Functional Lets us know whether you're happy for us to learn more about the pages you visit, and show you relevant offers based on this. If you do not opt-in this cookie will not be set. |
10 years from date of acceptance. |
ASP.NET_SessionId | Functional This cookie is used to maintain temporary information from one page to another and to enable account functions |
Expires at the end of the current browser session |
_ga _gali _gat _gid __utma __utmb __utmc __utmz |
Analytics Collect analytical data using Google Analytics about how visitors use our site - so that we can improve the website's experience. |
Read Google's overview of privacy and safeguarding data |
MARSREDIR | Functional Set if the website was accessed using a previous domain name. |
Expires at the end of the current browser session. |
redirMsgSeen | Functional Used to remember if a banner highlighting the Carlsberg Marston's Brewing Company website has been shown. |
Expires at the end of the current browser session. |
Some terms we use in this policy may be difficult to understand so we've provided a breakdown below to help you clarify what we mean.
Legitimate Interest means the interest of our business in managing and carrying out our business functions so that we can give you the highest quality services/products and the best and most secure experience. We consider and balance any potential impact on you (both positive and negative) and your rights before we process your personal data for our legitimate interests. We will not use your personal data where our interests are overridden by your fundamental rights (unless we have your consent or are required or permitted to by law). If you need further detail on how we assess our legitimate interests against any potential impact on you in relation to certain circumstances, please contact us.
Performance of Contract means processing your data where you are a party to a contract and we need your personal data in order to carry out that contract or to take steps at your request if you are thinking of entering into a contract with us.
Legal obligation means processing your personal data where we have to comply with a law that applies to us.
Consent means you have specifically let us know that we can process your data for the purpose already given to you.
This is a breakdown of what each of your rights mean and the results you can expect when you enact them.
Registered office: Marston's PLC
St Johns House, St Johns Square, Wolverhampton, WV2 4BH.
Registered in England & Wales: 31461.


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Republican congressman Ron Paul on Sunday turned his presidential swan song into a feisty rage against the political machine of his own party for legally manipulating him out of presidential convention delegates.
"They've learned how to bend rules, break rules and now they want to rewrite the rules," Paul told a raucous crowd of nearly 10,000 supporters who nearly filled the Sun Dome arena in Tampa, the city hosting this week's hurricane-delayed Republican National Convention.
His ire, and that of his supporters, has been directed at GOP leaders and the party's nominee-in-waiting Mitt Romney, who have worked legal avenues to deny convention seats to delegates won by the longtime Texas congressman.
A deal struck by Paul's campaign and the GOP leaders will seat some, but not all, of his delegates, preventing a scenario under which the perennial candidate would be allowed speech time.
Paul, 77, joked with the crowd that he'd just received a call from Republican leaders offering him an hour to speak at the convention Monday about whatever he wants.
"Just kidding, just kidding," he said, realizing that some in the crowd had missed the joke: all convention events Monday have been canceled because of tropical storm Isaac.
The "We Are The Future Rally" at the arena, on the campus of the University of South Florida, had all the trappings of a personal Ron Paul convention. There were musical acts, including singer Aimee Allen who exhorted the chanting crowd to "start a revolution, break down illegal institutions."
There was a big electronic screen in the background, colored red, white and blue. There was the tableau of Paul's children and grandchildren lining the stage, a video tribute to his wife, who introduced Paul's heir-apparent, his son Sen. Rand Paul of Kentucky. (Who promptly launched a borderline raunchy criticism of TSA airport security pat downs, before introducing his dad.)
We were hard-pressed to find any Paul loyalists who had decided to give their votes to Romney.
"I'm not voting for Romney; I'm not voting for Obama," said Joanne Hijab, 67, of The Villages retirement community in Central Florida. "They're the same."
"I just hope [Paul's] message, his platform will go forward," she said.
Robert Alexander, 30, of Cape Coral, Fla., said he'll write in Ron Paul's name for president.
Not Romney? "Heck, no," said the Navy veteran, who is training to be a pilot. "That's very, very anti our message."
Alexander was among Paul supporters who say they believe that Paul will get more delegate votes than anyone thinks, and party leaders may want.
And he predicted that the Paul revolution will go on, driven by the grassroots.
Paul himself took up that theme, noting that media reports predict the demise of his revolution without him. "Don't they only wish," they said.
"We'll get into the tent, believe me," he said, "because we will become the tent in the future."
On Tuesday, when the party starts the nominating procedure, the immediate future of the fate of the movement embodied by the long-time doctor — the nation's best known libertarian — may become a bit more clear.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Seafood is generally considered a more healthful choice when dining out — but not if you're battering and deep-frying it and serving it up with hush puppies and onion rings.
And that is precisely why the folks at the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a nutrition and health policy watchdog group, have named Long John Silver's new "Big Catch" meal the worst restaurant meal in America.
The meal, which debuted this May, sounds harmless enough on the surface, judging by the chain's marketing materials. Its centerpiece is "7-8 ounces of 100 percent premium Haddock caught in the icy waters of the North Atlantic."
But if you ate an entire Big Catch — complete with the sides of fried onion rings and hush puppies — you'd end up netting an unwelcome surprise: around 33 grams of trans fats. That's a lot — over two weeks' worth of the maximum daily intake recommended by the American Heart Association.
"We've actually never made this designation before," Jeff Cronin, CSPI's director of communications, told The Salt. "No exaggeration. No one here has ever seen this much trans fat in a meal."
And if that weren't enough, the Big Catch also contains 19 grams of saturated fat, 1,320 calories and almost 3,700 milligrams of sodium, CSPI found.
At almost all of its locations nationwide, Long John Silver's fish is fried in partially hydrogenated oil. These oils have fallen out of favor with the food industry because they contain trans fats, which have been implicated in heart disease. In 2006, KFC switched to trans-fat-free oil after CSPI sued the group over its use of partially hydrogenated oils.
To find what is swimming around in the Big Catch meal, CSPI visited several Long John Silver's locations around Washington, D.C., and commissioned tests from the laboratory Eurofins. The results were startling enough for CSPI to to dub the meal "heart attack on a hook."
CSPI also found something off about the weight of the fish, too. When the researchers brought their Big Catch meals back to CSPI headquarters, they found that, once its breading was removed, a naked filet of fish weighed in at about 4 to 5 ounces.
In other words, customers aren't "getting 7 to 8 ounces of pure fish. They're getting fish plus several ounces of greasy batter," says CSPI Executive Director Michael Jacobson. "In our mind, this is the worst. It's the Mount Everest of trans fat."
In a statement, Long John Silver's told The Salt that "we stand behind our published food data and will review any requests from CSPI that raise questions about our data." The Big Catch, the company added, is a limited-time special "that delivers tremendous value to value hungry consumers."
Despite the "worst meal" designation, Long John Silver's Big Catch has plenty of fans, judging from the company's Facebook page, which features dozens of photos from customers posing with empty white to-go boxes. One post boasts of a customer who finished the Big Catch platter "in under 7 min!"
Interestingly, in another post on its Facebook page from May, Long John Silver's notes that "many doctors recommend eating seafood twice a week. We recommend getting it with Hushpuppies and fries!"
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Once upon a time there was a young girl newly married and her husband who too was newly married and they did not cook much.To simplify life they would often make a very easy chicken biryani. It would start of as a chicken curry and then they would add rice to it, put everything in the pressure cooker, close the lid and then wait expectantly for the pressure to go whoosh 3 times. Their little house smelled nice with the rich spices and promises of a better tomorrow hung limply in the fragrant air. They would each have a plateful and think that was the best biryani ever.
Slowly they made friends, friend who introduced them to authentic Biryani places, the hole in the wall meat shops, who also served delicious Biryani. Sometimes they would travel 40 miles on the weekend to some such place for a plate of goat biryani and that taste would linger for the entire week. The everyday chicken biryani seemed too rustic, too homely compared to such exotic tastes. They did not feel the urge to cook it as often anymore.
Then they acquired a friend whose cooking was legendary and whose Mutton Biryani was the closest you could get to paradise. They would wait and wait for lunch or a dinner invite at her place, for a taste of that Biryani. The husband frustrated with all the waiting finally managed to wrangle the treasured recipe and cooked the legendary Mutton Biryani at home. It took half a day, half a bottle of ghee and tasted like heaven. The taste was so exotic that Every Day Chicken Biryani rarely got made again. The half bottle of ghee ensured that the Legendary Biryani never got made again except on rare occasions.
When the Biryani craving struck they just ordered out from the numerous respectable Biryani places that had now sprung up in the neighborhood.
And then I chanced upon Indosungod's Chicken Biryani. It sounded familiar, comforting and brought back the rich smell that hung in that small house years ago. So I made it. I adapted it to my old style but applied the new techniques and addition of new spices that I learned from her. I also applied the tips that I had learned from all of you in my Egg Pulao post.
I was extra happy with this dish because it had tomatoes, mint and coriander from the garden. I served this Biryani with a simple raita and I added some of the cherry tomatoes to the raita. I also added oven baked spicy potatoes to the Biryani to satisfy my Bong craving for potatoes in a Biryani.
The Everyday Chicken Biryani turned out delicious and comforting. Everyone including BS and LS loved it. Now that is a rare feat.
I say this is version 1.0 because there are many other variations to this delightful one pot meal that I might try in future. For now this=bliss.
Update: This goes to BB#6 at Nupur's delightful One Hot Stove
Read more...
Marinate about 2 lb Chicken with 1/4th Cup yogurt, 1 tsp Biryani Masala, 1 tsp Ginger Paste, 1 tsp Garlic Paste salt and little oil for an an hour or more. Note: Use your own or store bought Biryani Masala
Heat Vegetable Oil in a deep heavy bottomed bottomed pan or in a pressure cooker
Lightly fry 6 cloves of garlic and 2" piece of ginger. Remove and make a paste once it is cooled.
Temper the Oil with
1 Bay Leaf
2" stick of Cinnamon
4 whole clove
4 whole green cardamom
1 black cardamom (optional)
1/2 tsp of Fennel seeds
1/2 tsp Corriander seeds
When the spices sizzle add 1 Cup of chopped red onion. Add 1/2 tsp of sugar and fry the onion till it is soft and translucent and lightly browned at the edges.
Next add the ginger-garlic paste that you made and saute for a couple more minutes
Add 1 Cup of chopped carrots and green beans finely chopped and saute for 2-3 minutes. (This is optional)
Add 1 large potato chopped in quarters and saute for a minute. (This is NOT optional)
Now add the marinated chicken pieces and fry them till they turn a light golden.
Next add the spice powders
a little Turmeric Powder
1 Tbsp Biryani Masala
Note: I did not add any red chili powder as the kids were going to eat it too but add according to your taste.
Mix the masala with chicken and saute for 3-4 minutes. If needed sprinkle a little water while frying.
Add 2 Tbsp of chopped mint and 2 Tbsp of coriander leaves. 1 Tbsp of Dried mint works great too.
Add salt to taste and cook the chicken till they are 3/4th done
Meanwhile wash 2 cups of Basmati rice and drain all the water. Smear the rice grains with ghee so that the rice grains are nicely coated. Also bring about 5 cups of water to boil in a separate pot. Mostly the ratio of rice :water suggested is 1:2 but do what works best with the rice you use.
Once the chicken is almost done, add the rice and mix lightly. Do not stir vigorously. Adjust for salt and other seasonings. At this point I added 2 whole green chili chopped. Add the boiling water to this pan . Bring it to a simmer, then keep gas heat at medium low and cover the pan with lid. Cook till rice is almost done and the water has been absorbed. Now remove from heat, fluff the rice with a fork and open the lid in part.
If at this point some of the rice grains were not fully cooked, put a big griddle/tawa on medium flame and put this pan with biryani on the griddle/tawa. I sprinkled some fried onion on the rice, covered the lid in part and let it cook for 5-6 minutes. By this time all the grains were nicely done.
If you are doing in a pressure cooker hassle is less. Close the pressure cooker lid and cook till rice is done.
Serving Options 1: Now the Biryani popular in Bengal is always served with potatoes and so I love potatoes in my Biryani. This time instead of adding potato directly to the biryani this is what I did. I sliced thickly two red potatoes and tossed them with olive oil, sea salt and little roasted cumin powder. I then baked them in the oven at 400F for 25-30 mins. I then garnished the Biryani with these potato slices and fried onions.
Serve with a raita. To make raita put thick yogurt in a bowl and stir with a whisk or fork to have a uniform thick consistency. Add little milk to get the right consistency. Add chopped cucumber, chopped onion and tomatoes. Add little sugar, chaat masala and little salt. Mix well. Serve cold


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Green Junk Removal and Recycling provides Herman Miller Cubicles Removal And Recycling throughout Metro Atlanta and North Georgia to help you get rid of your unwanted office cubicle whether you are relocating, changing to new cubicle , downsizing, or just closing the business. In these situations often times there will be surplus cubicle and equipment that a company needs to dispose of. We can assist you with all your office cubicle partition needs and can remove anything and everything you need gone from your workspace from cubicle to e-Waste to general trash and debris. We will provide a "Certificate of Insurance" to you and the building Property Management in advance to ensure for smooth operation on the day of your pick up. Our uniformed and professional crew will provide a positive image and experience for you and your clients.
Whenever possible we try to donate your office cubicle and provide you with a tax deductible donation receipt. Since we have partnered with many local charities and thrift stores, there is a fairly good chance that your cubicle will receive a second life. If your office cubicle is in poor shape and cannot be donated, we will recycle whenever possible and consider taking it to a landfill as our very last option.


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What with my near-daily dose of BBC News on the radio, I thought I was pretty current on British-American pronunciation differences: furore with three syllables (and an extra letter), vitamin with a short I (VITT-a-min), con-TROV-er-sy with a different stress, and so on....which made me remark to myself with surprise that I've never got(ten) (a)round to blogging about controversy, since (and this is the crucial thing about my blogging, isn't it?) I have an anecdote. (I think I didn't do it earlier because I was going to write a lot more about stress patterns in Latinate words, but in my new working-mother-on-the-go incarnation, I'll do this word now, and a hundred other words a hundred other times.)
And now, the anecdote you've managed to live without so far (but how?):
When I lived in South Africa, I had the altogether ego-enriching experience of being a relatively big [linguistic] fish in a relatively little [language-fascinated] pond, and so I had the pleasure of being a panel(l)ist on the SAfm (sort of the equivalent of BBC Radio 4 or NPR) program(me) Word of Mouth (which is like Radio 4's Word of Mouth or a bit less like KPBS/NPR's A Way with Words). Listeners write to the show with their language-related questions, and a couple of language experts join the host, John Orr, to answer them. Not once but THREE TIMES during my experience with WoM, some member of the South African native English-speaking population wrote in to complain that South African English was going to the dogs because people had started pronouncing controversy as conTROVersy (there's a short 'o' in the stressed syllable), rather than CONtroversy, and THREE TIMES they blamed this on the influence of American English.
Now, I only answered that one on-air once, but when I did, I did so with great glee as I pointed out (as I seem always to be pointing out) that just because something is annoying and new, it doesn't mean it's American. No, this "perversion" of the English language has its home in SAfE speakers' linguistic motherland. To quote Fowler's Modern English Usage (3rd edition, 1996):
controversy. The mood of the moment is to challenge orthodoxy by placing the main stress on the second syllable. This stressing is often used by newsreaders and also, in my [editor R.W. Burchfield's] experience, by many scholars and lexicographers, not to go any further. My verdict is that the traditional pronunciation with initial stressing is at risk, but is still, just, dominant among RP speakers in the UK. In AmE the stress is always placed on the first syllable in this word.I believe I read this on the radio--but since I no longer own a working cassette recorder, I doubt I'll ever hear those old program(me)s again.


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PORTLAND — A nine-year-old Portland girl was handcuffed and arrested after engaging in a small feud with another girl.
She was treated like a criminal and even detained at a police station.
The incident, which took place a year ago at a Boys & Girls club, is garnering renewed interest now that the girl's mother has come forward to share her dissatisfaction with the police review of the case.
"I'm just a mother at the end of her rope," said Latoya Harris, the girl's mother, in a statement to The Oregonian.
RELATED: Parents Outraged After Cop Asks Their 12-yr-old Daughter for Sexual Photos
"I'm going to advocate for my daughter, but no child should have to go through that."
The little girls got into a fight because one had 'told on' the other for drawing on a desk.
The girls eventually apologized to each other, and Harris was suspended from the club for one week.
But that wasn't enough for the mother of the other girl, who also called the police.
Six days later, cops showed up to question Harris's daughter.
They found her statements to be "inconsistent," and promptly placed her under arrest.
She was wearing a bathing suit at the time, and it isn't clear whether she was allowed to change before being carted off downtown.
Harris's request to accompany her nine-year-old daughter to the station was denied.
She took the bus to get there as quickly as she could.
At the station, the girl received a mugshot, was fingerprinted and placed in holding.
An hour later, she was released. She was never charged with a crime.
Still, Harris said the incident changed her into "a different child."


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Errata Editions Books on Books Series by 5B4
I have been hinting that I have had an interesting project underway for 2008 and now it is my pleasure to finally let the cat out of the bag. Myself along with two partners have started a publishing company called Errata Editions and I am very excited to announce that the first four releases in our Books on Books series are currently 'on press' in China. I will be doing a week's worth of posts starting the 23rd from the printing facility in Hong Kong describing the entire process of overseeing the books being printed, but first, I am thrilled to tell you about the Books on Books series that will no doubt be of interest to photobook lovers.
The Books on Books series is an on-going publishing project dedicated to making rare and out-of-print photography books accessible once again to photobook enthusiasts. Each in this series presents the entire content, page for page, of an original master bookwork which, up until now, has been too rare or prohibitively expensive for most of us to experience. These are not facsimiles but complete studies of those original masterpieces. Through a mix of classic and contemporary titles, this series will span the breadth of practice as it has appeared on the printed page and allows further study into the creation and meanings of these great works of art.
The first two-thirds of each book in this series will show, page for page, every spread that appeared in the original book. We have done so by re-photographing the original book in its entirety so the viewer can see not only all of the photographs, but the page layout, typography and all aspects that make up the original including all of the written texts. In addition to those illustrations, we have commissioned some of the finest writers on photography to contribute a 3000-4000 word essay about each book discussing not only the photography but the book object itself and its relevance in the history of the medium. Other chapters in the Books on Books series include a short essay on the original book's production along with biographic and bibliographic information of each artist.
The first four titles in the Books on Books series are as follows...
1. Eugene Atget : Photographe de Paris is the perfect starting point for a series on great photography books. Published in 1930, three years after Atget's death, it is now regarded as a classic that influenced generations of artists including Berenice Abbott and Walker Evans. Books on Books 1 reproduces all 96 collotype plates and an English translation of the fine Pierre Mac Orlan text on Eugène Atget's remarkable documentation of Paris at the turn of the 19th century. The noted author, David Campany, contributes a contemporary essay called Atget's Intelligent Documents written for this volume. Hardcover with dustjacket; 9.5 x 7 in; 112 pages; 116 four-color illustrations; Essays by Pierre Mac Orlan, David Campany, Jeffrey Ladd; ISBN 978-935004-00-4; Retail price $39.95.
2. Walker Evans : American Photographs (1938 edition). American Photographs is arguably the most important photobook ever published. Originally conceived to be a catalog to accompany his one-man show at the Museum of Modern Art in 1938, it continues to go out-of-print for long stretches of time. Books on Books 2 presents the original 1938 edition with its 87 legendary black and white photographs that defined Evans' documentary-style aesthetic. This volume also reproduces the great Lincoln Kirstein essay and a contemporary piece written by John T. Hill, the author of many books on Evans including Lyric Documentary (Steidl 2006). Hardcover with dustjacket; 9.5 x 7 in; 112 pages; 113 Duotone and four-color illustrations; Essays by Lincoln Kirstein, John T. Hill, Jeffrey Ladd; ISBN 978-935004-02-8; Retail price $39.95.
3. Sophie Ristelhueber : Fait. In October of 1991, French artist Sophie Ristelhueber photographed the battle-scarred landscape of Kuwait following the end of the first Gulf war with Iraq. The book Fait, which in French means 'fact' or 'what was done,' remains one of the most powerful statements about the aftermath of war. Books on Books 3 presents all 71 black and white and color photographs as seen in the original artist book as it was conceived and designed by Ristelhueber. Marc Mayer of the Art Contemporain in Montreal contributes an essay that discusses Ristelhueber's disturbing yet beautiful achievement. Hardcover with dustjacket; 9.5 x 7 in; 96 pages; 95 four-color illustrations; Essays by Marc Mayer, Jeffrey Ladd; ISBN 978-935004-04-2; Retail price $39.95.
4. Chris Killip : In Flagrante. Often referenced as the most important photobook to come from England in the 1980s, Chris Killip's In Flagrante stands the test of time today. Published in 1988, In Flagrante shows the communities in Northern England that were devastated by the deindustrialization common to policies carried out by Thatcher and her predecessors starting in the mid-1970s. Books on Books 4 presents Killip's political yet lyric work with a new essay by Gerry Badger called Dispatches from a War Zone. Hardcover with dustjacket; 9.5 x 7 in; 80 pages; 65 Duotone and four-color illustrations; Essays by John Berger & Sylvia Grant, Gerry Badger, Jeffrey Ladd; ISBN 978-935004-06-6; Retail price $39.95.
The quality of this series is first and foremost. Anyone can start publishing books but our necessity is to publish books which celebrate the original material to the fullest potential. This is why we have surrounded ourselves with the best ink-on-paper specialists working in bookmaking today. Robert Hennessey, who has made the separations for many of the most beautiful art and photography books of the last two decades, has prepared the digital files for the illustrations in this series and is guiding me through the process of being "on-press." This series is presented in cloth hardcover with a large bellyband/dustjacket utilizing a clean design and fine materials. The body of our books are printed on a Japanese matte art paper common to many of the finer artbooks being made today. These books are being crafted to look and feel of the highest quality yet remain very affordable and accessible to the widest possible audience.
The Books on Books series was conceived by Jeffrey Ladd in order to fill a void. The void being that the outrageous prices demanded by the collector's market and scarcity of these titles makes them out of reach to most students, teachers, scholars, and photobook enthusiasts. The Books on Books series will be an inexpensive way for everyone to once again be able to access this material which up to now has been effectively removed from view. Most of the titles we are going to feature have appeared in the now classic compendiums on photography books; The Parr/Badger Photobook History, The Open Book, and The 101 Seminal photography Books. Those books, which are fine scholarly additions to the discussion of photobook history, also frustratingly showed us what we were missing out on. With this series, you will finally see inside the books you thought you'd never experience. I have a strong belief that people, especially students, should be able to access these great works of art to learn from them and that a valuable part of the dialogue with this medium has been stunted because of that limited access. This series is our contribution to continuing that dialogue.
DAP/ Distributed Art Publishers is distributing the trade edition of the Errata Editions' Books on Books series. In addition to this trade version, there will be a limited quantity of a special edition offered as a four book set available directly through Errata Editions. These special editions feature a beautiful reproduction of the original book cover tipped into the saifu book cloth of each title. Besides owning a more elegant version of each book, the advantage to ordering the four book set is the assurance that you will receive the special editions of the Books on Books series as soon as they are off the press and months before the regular edition is distributed. For pricing and ordering a set please write to firstname.lastname@example.com.
We are in the process of lining up many more titles to be featured in this exciting publishing project but its longevity is soon to be in your hands. The proceeds of sales from these first four books goes towards the production of the next four titles in the series so please help us continue revealing the greatest photobooks ever produced to new audiences.
Please spread the word.