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Tennessee Family History Research
This entry was originally written by Wendy Bebout Elliott, Ph.D. FUGA for Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources.
History of Tennessee
Tennessee's earliest history includes a rapidly increasing number of Anglo settlements, battles with Native Americans over land rights, constantly violated Native American treaties, and numerous changes in jurisdictions and boundaries. These factors make tracing family history difficult, but knowing the historical background will improve one's chances for success.
European explorers first crossed into present-day eastern Tennessee where Cherokees occupied the region during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The area of today's Tennessee and Kentucky served as a hunting ground for many other native groups. Choctaws claimed the area of present-day middle Tennessee, between the eastern and western sections of the Tennessee River. The Chickasaw claimed all of west and some of middle Tennessee as its hunting grounds. Prior to 1714, Shawnee claimed the lower Cumberland region.
The first European claim to the region became part of a huge English grant to Sir Walter Raleigh just prior to the attempted colonization at Roanoke in 1585. The area of present-day Tennessee remained barren of European settlements until the British established Fort Loudon in 1756/57, about thirty miles south of today's Knoxville. At the end of the Seven Years War in 1763, France released its claim to the region, and England drew up its Proclamation Line along the crest of the Appalachian Mountains.
This demarcation line was meant to push natives west and keep settlements east of the line, and to slow the costly confrontations; but in fact its establishment seems only to have stimulated interest in settling farther west. News of the Cumberland Gap through the mountains motivated westward movement during this period. As settlers moved west of the Proclamation Line, battles and treaties increased. None of the treaties stopped the western advancement of American settlers, particularly from North Carolina and Virginia; within a few years new treaties were required to temporarily establish new areas for white frontier families, thus pushing the Cherokee farther west.
In 1769, a few from Virginia and North Carolina settled near the Watauga River. Three years later they formed the Watauga Compact or Association, in an effort to establish self-government. In March 1775, the Watauga Association bought lands along the Watauga, Holston, and New rivers from the Cherokee. That same month, the Transylvania Company, which had purchased over twenty million acres from the Cherokee, began selling land for speculation between the Kentucky and Cumberland rivers.
North Carolina claimed this region, along with portions of what became middle and west Tennessee, based on its colonial charter granting land from sea to sea. Numerous disputes over governance ensued. In 1776 the North Carolina legislature established the Washington District in its western territory (east Tennessee) as part of Rowan County. The next year Washington County, North Carolina, was organized and transferred to Burke County for a few months before becoming an independent county, extending over a large portion of present-day Tennessee. Two years later (1779) settlers'former Wataugans'settled at French Lick, founded Nashborough (Nashville) in middle Tennessee, and organized a government called the Cumberland Compact. Throughout the Revolutionary War, small groups of hunters and trappers'some with families'trekked across the mountains and through the valleys to establish homes on fertile soil in middle and east Tennessee. Many early settlements became permanent during this period. In April 1783 Davidson County was organized and encompassed the northern half of middle Tennessee. Following the war and a difficult and complicated period of jurisdictional quarrelling, North Carolina ceded its claim to Tennessee to the federal government in 1784, reserving some sections (middle Tennessee) for grants to its Revolutionary soldiers. That same year, settlers in the Watauga Valley, frustrated over proceedings and lack of representation in the North Carolina legislature, formed a new state of Franklin. This new 'state' never received formal recognition and lasted only four years but was home to settlers from North Carolina, Virginia, and South Carolina. Congress never resolved the conflicting claims.
Native American resistance to colonization continued despite several treaties, but neither settlers nor natives in the territory accepted the restrictions. In 1790, Congress created the 'Territory South of the River Ohio' while conflict over land continued. By 1796 the population of settlers had increased to the required 60,000, and Tennessee became the sixteenth state.
Frontier settlers migrated into Tennessee. Many Scots-Irish traveled through the valleys of Virginia via the Great Wagon Road or Warriors Path; Germans from Pennsylvania and Virginia arrived in the region west of Chattanooga. Others followed Robertson's Road from the Cumberland Gap into middle Tennessee.
During the War of 1812 many men from Tennessee contributed military service to the cause. Others participated in the Indian Wars that followed, resulting in treaties with Native Americans that secured additional lands for the westward-moving Americans. West Tennessee was added to middle and east Tennessee in 1818 after the defeat of and subsequent treaty with the Chickasaw.
The disputed northern boundary between Tennessee and Kentucky was not settled until 1820 when Kentucky accepted the faulty Walker Line, drawn too far north of 36° 30', between the Cumberland Gap and the western Tennessee River. Several sections of the line remained in question until another survey was conducted in 1859. Families who lived in the disputed area did not know in which state they resided; consequently, records are frequently located in both states. Due to changing county boundaries and divisions, Tennessee counties affected include (west to east) Stewart, Montgomery, Robertson, Sumner, Smith, Macon, Clay, Pickett, Jackson, Overton, Fentress, Scott, Morgan, Campbell, and Claiborne.
In 1835 the federal government negotiated a new treaty with representatives of some of the Cherokees; in compliance, the natives left Tennessee and moved farther west. In 1837 and 1838 the federal government and military enforced the removal of the remaining Cherokee and remnants of other tribes in the state, forcing them to move via what became known as the 'Trail of Tears' through Missouri and then south into present-day Oklahoma. Despite strong pro-Union leanings of Tennesseans in the eastern section of the state, the legislature voted to secede in May 1861. As an indication of the anti-secession sentiment, many men from east Tennessee served during the war in the Union army. Most middle and west Tennesseans held opposing sentiments, advocating states' rights and the continuation of slavery to support the plantation economy. During the war, Confederates centered its western defense in the state at Fort Henry on the Tennessee River and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland. Tennessee became an active battleground with over 400 battles fought within its borders.
After several major battles, the Union forces controlled the Tennessee River and the state in 1863. During the conflict, the state's infrastructure took a beating. Tennessee reestablished its government in 1864, abolished slavery within its borders in 1865, and claimed the honor of being the first to be readmitted to the Union in 1866 after ratifying the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments.
Several epidemics swept through the state following the war. Most of the state's railroads were rebuilt during Reconstruction, and the state struggled to regain its importance in agricultural and commercial production.
In the early years of the twentieth century, numerous men labored for the Tennessee Coal and Iron Company owned by a New York bank but bought in 1907 by financier J. P. Morgan. His company, U.S. Steel, was charged with anti-trust action in 1911.
A flood control system began during World War I for the Tennessee River. Work stopped before it was completed, but during the Great Depression, federal funds under the New Deal in 1933 established the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), which finished the project to harness the Tennessee River and use its force to generate power for the region. The completion of Wilson Dam, constructed across the state boundary at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, culminated the TVA project. Although this project flooded areas that had been in production for 150 years, TVA generated electricity, controlled flooding, attempted to revitalize the area, and resulted in the creation of new industry and jobs to help end the Great Depression and consequently meet the nation's needs during World War II.


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Monday, February 6, 2012
The Beginning of Marketing for Authors Who Normally Hate Marketing
So most of us are creative minded people when it comes to authoring books. Then, when your book sells, you're suddently thrust into the position of thinking about another side of writing.
The business side. The side where you promote and talk about yourself and your books. Most authors are terrified of this. There are entire blogs dedicated to helping authors become effective marketers. (This is not one of those blogs, but I am going to share with you my experiences over the next couple of weeks.) Have you seen Shrinking Violet Promotions? If not, I highly recommend it.
So first, there are three easy steps to determining your marketing strategy.
1. Stalk. That's right, stalk. Lurk. Hang out in the back with a black hoodie on and listen. Watch. Take notes of what you like, of what you think is fun, of what you think you might like to do.
I've been stalking Beth Revis for years. You should too. I adore everything Saundra Mitchell writes, including her mega-helpful marketing stuff. (<<<If you haven't seen this, you will die. D-I-E.) I also like to randomly pop in to other author's blogs and websites and see what they look like, what content they have both dynamically and statically, what contests they run, what swag they're giving away, etc.
I stalk. I take note of what I like and then I move to step 2.
2. Steal. I know, I know. I'm making you into a criminal! Well, marketing—which is so left-brained—is criminal to a right-brained creative artist. So trust me, you're already knocking on that door.
Through all of your stalking, you'll see some things you like. Steal them. That's right. Put them on your list of things you'd like to do before your book comes out, during the release of your book, and after your book comes out.
Make a big list. You won't do everything, because let's face it, you're not Oprah and you don't have millions to spend. (Also, many of the authors I stalk get a lot of help from their publishing houses. They have reach and dollars I simply can't match. But everything goes on the list, whether it comes from the author or the publisher.)
I use a spreadsheet (surprise, surprise, Ms. Math Minor) to keep track of the marketing ideas I like. I include a website address that will refresh my memory if I've forgotten exactly what the idea looked like.
Which leads us to step 3…
3. Mutate. That's right. X-Men, baby! (Love Wolverine.) Examine your ginormous list of possibilities and mutate the bigger ones that you really love into something you can manage with both hours and dollars.
I'm constantly trying to think of something that's simply different. Blog tours are nice. Interviews, playlists, conversations with characters. They're all good.
But I'm not looking for good. I'm looking for something different. And I don't mean you need to spend lots of money on swag or giveaways. I just mean I'm always trying to think of how I can take a postcard and make it into something more than a postcard.
And so I watch and listen and take notes, and then I mutate the ideas I see out there into something I can own, something I can manage, and something I can fund.
Easy, right? Riiight.
So are you out there stalking? Do you have a spreadsheet with ideas? My philosophy? It's never too early to start! Next week I'll talk about what I think every author should do. I call it my The Basic Marketing Plan for Authors Who Have Bills To Pay Too.
43 comments:
- Miranda Hardy said...
Oh, I stalk. I'm a big stalker. Lol I've learned watching others build thier platform in the hopes of replicating it for my future best sellers. It's all about community and research.
- February 6, 2012 at 5:12 AM
- Natalie Aguirre said...
I'm a big stalker. And still terrified of the marketing if I ever get there. So I'm watching you, Beth, and Shannon when she gets there in the Fall to see how it happens.
- February 6, 2012 at 5:19 AM
- Laura Pauling said...
I love taking note and stealing what other authors do! It's the best place! I don't have a spreadsheet but I have lists with the author's name next to it!
- February 6, 2012 at 5:22 AM
- Adam Johnson said...
I really only stalk one author. But you'll never know it.
- February 6, 2012 at 5:36 AM
- Stina said...
I love the spread sheet idea! I'm going to start doing that in case I get to the point of publication. Then I won't be scrounging for ideas. :D
- February 6, 2012 at 5:42 AM
- Leigh Ann said...
I'm not even close to needing to market anything, but I am a big advocate of stalking. It's the primary way I picked up my CPs - finding contest entries I liked and then pestering them till they let me read their MSs. :D
- February 6, 2012 at 6:10 AM
- Alex J. Cavanaugh said...
I am not above stealing a great idea!
- February 6, 2012 at 6:17 AM
- Kelly Hashway said...
These are great tips, Elana and definitely what I need to hear right now. Thanks!
- February 6, 2012 at 6:36 AM
- Yvonne Osborne said...
Thanks Elana. I like the reminder that as right-brained people, we are already treading on criminal activity to even be talking about this subject.
- February 6, 2012 at 6:38 AM
- Vera Soroka said...
Yes, I take note of things authors do all the time.
Have you ever seen gift cards? The gift card has the cover of the book on it. You could do quite a bit with this. You have to shop around but the cost is not that much.Just another idea to throw out. - February 6, 2012 at 6:43 AM
- Kimberly Sabatini said...
Grat post! Gonna stalk, steal and mutate it! :o)
- February 6, 2012 at 6:54 AM
- Angela Brown said...
I haven't started a spreadsheet of marketing ideas, though that, in itself, is a great idea. I've stalked a few people, like Beth Revis, as well. I've participated in and seen some great book launches by indie authors that thoroughly impressed me.
Lots of ideas to "acquire" and mutate. - February 6, 2012 at 7:04 AM
- Christina Lee said...
This great, E! Can't wait to see what you have for next week!
- February 6, 2012 at 7:05 AM
- Rosalyn said...
This is really helpful--thanks! I've been trying to decide if I want to go to LTUE (my parents live in Provo) . . . maybe this is the nudge I need!
- February 6, 2012 at 7:19 AM
- Talli Roland said...
I'm a big mutator! I love taking ideas I've seen and morphing them to suit my own purposes. *mwah ha ha*
- February 6, 2012 at 7:22 AM
- Slamdunk said...
Love your approach with this Elana--I think Beth is great as well.
Mutating is essential. Finding a way to reach an audience without being lost in the masses of everyone marketing the same manner, requires a creative and organized approach. - February 6, 2012 at 7:35 AM
- Marta Szemik said...
Yes, I stalk a lot, then pick and choose and research. I like the spreadsheet idea. Thank you!
- February 6, 2012 at 7:43 AM
- Unknown said...
How *do* you take a postcard and make it into something more than a postcard?
Also: IRONY. I stalk you, too! - February 6, 2012 at 7:45 AM
- Alice said...
Some excellent ideas! Thanks. I'll be at LTUE and will definitely be attending your marketing class.
- February 6, 2012 at 7:54 AM
- Matthew MacNish said...
Zenn's short story is free? Click.
- February 6, 2012 at 9:00 AM
- Laurel Garver said...
I love what you say about making a postcard be more than a postcard--taking a standard idea and putting your own spin, preferably what the marketing people call "value added".
- February 6, 2012 at 9:07 AM
- K.T. Hanna said...
I've definitely made it to the stalking phase :D
Need to get to work on the others - February 6, 2012 at 9:16 AM
- Sarah Allen said...
Definitely a pro on the stalking thing. The spreadsheet idea is a really, really good one, I'll have to steal it ;)
Sarah Allen
(my creative writing blog) - February 6, 2012 at 9:50 AM
- Shannon O'Donnell said...
Brilliant post, Elana! And you're right--it's never too ear;y to start collecting ideas. :)
- February 6, 2012 at 11:32 AM
- Margo Rowder said...
This is great, Elana! As someone who's been in marketing and advertising for 12 years, I feel confident in saying you have quite the head for it. :) Keep it up!
- February 6, 2012 at 12:28 PM
- Nicole Zoltack said...
I definitely stalk. And oak everything in like a sponge. :)
- February 6, 2012 at 1:00 PM
- Mart Ramirez said...
Very nice, tips. Elana. And thanks for the link!
- February 6, 2012 at 1:46 PM
- Sara B. Larson said...
These are great ideas (albeit of criminal nature, ha ha). Can't wait to hear more at LTUE! :D
- February 6, 2012 at 2:39 PM
- Patti said...
You're right. It's never too early to start. I'm going to create my spreadsheet now.
- February 6, 2012 at 3:02 PM
- Carolyn V said...
I have notes on what NOT to do. hee hee hee. Now I have to get some things on what to do. ;)
- February 6, 2012 at 4:11 PM
- Southpaw said...
Great list. I do have a list - but I tend to lose it and have to start over. That's not so good.
- February 6, 2012 at 4:31 PM
- Jennifer Hoffine said...
Stalk, steal and mutate! Love it! That does make it seem less harrowing.
Unfortunately, my lack of tech know-how is an even scarier barrier than the monetary factor. - February 6, 2012 at 4:56 PM
- Jo Schaffer Layton said...
You had me at WOLVERINE. But seriously... I have to start thinking about this stuff now. Just signed with an agent today. Whoah.
- February 6, 2012 at 5:48 PM
- Leslie S. Rose said...
Spreadsheet AND Wolverine. Best post ever.
- February 6, 2012 at 7:41 PM
- Peggy Eddleman said...
I love you, Elana.
- February 6, 2012 at 7:44 PM
- Ishta Mercurio said...
See? THIS is why you rock so hard.
Your tip number three is a great one. I'm already a stalker and a stealer (aren't all writers these things?), but the key is in the twist. Good tip. - February 6, 2012 at 10:15 PM
- J.R. Johansson said...
So...will it be odd if I'm taking notes while on the panel with you at the conference?
Because seriously. Genius. :) - February 6, 2012 at 11:17 PM
- Ainsley Shay said...
great post! stalking, stealing, and mutating sounds like you're on your way to your next series!
great tips - thanks - February 7, 2012 at 8:33 AM
- Julie Daines said...
Thanks for this concise and highly useful post. You can be sure I'm doing all those things starting riiiiight now!
- February 7, 2012 at 9:55 AM
- Heather said...
So many great ideas and links to click on! How do you know exactly what I need, when I need it? Oh yeah, mind control. ;)
- February 7, 2012 at 4:15 PM
- Jenna Blake Morris said...
Thanks for passing this along! I've bookmarked it for (way) future reference.
And you mentioned X-Men! Bonus points. I like Wolverine pretty well, but my loyalty's gone to Rogue ever since I watched my first episode of the 90s cartoon. (; - February 7, 2012 at 9:32 PM
- Theresa Milstein said...
Stalk, steal, and mutate.
This sounds very, very dangerous.
I have not set up spreadsheets or given this much thought. When I had a short story anthology to promote, I did a mini blog tour to get a sense of what it would be like to do a big one. It didn't seem like the time to get all fancy. It's probably not a good idea to start taking notes until I have an agent and/or book contract. - February 8, 2012 at 4:02 AM
- Janet Johnson said...
I've made mental notes, but you are so right about writing things down. Perhaps my fear is that I'll be counting my chickens before they hatch if I write marketing ideas down, but still . . . Great post!
- February 10, 2012 at 1:31 PM

subset: commoncrawl


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Policy cancellations: Obama will allow old plans
Published 12:00 am Thursday, November 14, 2013
WASHINGTON (AP) — Bowing to pressure, President Barack Obama on Thursday announced changes to his health care law to give insurance companies the option to keep offering consumers plans that would otherwise be canceled.
The administrative changes are good for just one year, though senior administration officials said they could be extended if problems with the law persist. Obama announced the changes at the White House.
"This fix won't solve every problem for every person, but it's going to help a lot of people," the president said.
He acknowledged that "we fumbled the rollout of this health care law" and pledged to "just keep on chipping away at this until the job is done."
He also promised to work to regain the trust of the American people.
"I think it's legitimate for them to expect me to have to win back some credibility on this health care law in particular and on a whole range of these issues in general," he said.
Obama has been under enormous pressure from congressional Democrats to give ground on the cancellation issue under the health care overhaul, a program likely to be at the center of next year's midterm elections for control of the House and Senate.
It's unclear what the impact of Thursday's changes will be for the millions of people who have already had their plans canceled. While officials said insurance companies will now be able to offer those people the option to renew their old plans, companies are not required to take that step.
The main industry trade group, America's Health Insurance Plans, said Obama's offer comes too late and could lead to higher premiums, since companies already have set 2014 rates based on the assumption that many people with individual coverage will shift over to the new markets created under Obama's law.
Karen Ignagni, president of the industry group, didn't speculate on whether companies would extend coverage for those threatened with cancellation, but warned in a statement that "changing the rules after health plans have already met the requirements of the law could destabilize the market and result in higher premiums for consumers."
Insurance companies will be required to inform consumers who want to keep canceled plans about the protections that are not included under those plans. Customers will also be notified that new options are available offering more coverage and in some cases, tax credits to cover higher premiums.
Under Obama's plan, insurance companies would not be allowed to sell coverage deemed subpar under the law to new customers, marking a difference with legislation that House Republicans intend to put to a vote on Friday.
Only last week, Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius told a Senate panel she doubted that retroactively permitting insurers to sell canceled policies "can work very well since companies are now in the market with an array of new plans. Many have actually added consumer protections in the last three-and-a-half years."
Republicans were unimpressed with the changes.
House Speaker John Boehner, speaking in advance of the president's announcement, insisted it was time to "scrap this law once and for all."
"You can't fix this government-run health care plan called Obamacare ," he said. "It's just not fixable."
Obama, for his part, made clear he would continue to fight ongoing attempts to sink the whole program, saying, "I will not accept proposals that are just another brazen attempt to undermine or repeal the overall law and drag us back into a broken system."
"We're going to solve the problems that are there, we're going to get it right, and the Affordable Care Act is going to work for the American people," he pledged.
While the White House deals with the cancellation issue, the administration is also promising improvements in a federal website so balky that enrollments totaled fewer than 27,000 in October in 36 states combined. The administration had said in advance the enrollment numbers would fall far short of initial expectations. After weeks of highly publicized technical woes, they did.
Adding in enrollment of more than 79,000 in the 14 states with their own websites, the nationwide number of 106,000 October sign-ups was barely one-fifth of what officials had projected — and a small fraction of the millions who have received private coverage cancellations as a result of the federal law.
The administration said an additional 1 million people have been found eligible to buy coverage in the markets, with about one-third qualifying for tax credits to reduce their premiums. Another 396,000 have been found eligible for Medicaid, which covers low-income people.
Administration officials and senior congressional Democrats expressed confidence in the program's future. "We expect enrollment will grow substantially throughout the next five months," said Sebelius, who is in charge of the program.
"Even with the issues we've had, the marketplace is working and people are enrolling," she added.
Despite the expressions, the White House worked to reassure anxious Democrats who are worried about the controversial program, which they voted into existence three years ago over Republican opposition as strong now as it was then.
Obama said he regretted the political grief he'd caused members of his own party who'd backed him on the health care law.
"There is no doubt that our failure to roll out the Affordable Care Act smoothly has put a burden on Democrats, whether they're running or not, because they stood up and supported this effort through thick and thin," he said.
Senate Democrats arranged a closed-door meeting for midday Thursday in the Capitol with White House officials, who held a similar session Wednesday with the House rank and file. Ahead of that meeting, Obama planned to speak from the White House about new efforts to help Americans receiving insurance cancellation notices.
So far, five Senate Democrats are on record in support of legislation by Sen. Mary Landrieu, D-La., to make sure everyone can keep their present coverage if they want to. The bill would require insurance companies to continue offering existing policies, even if they fall short of minimum coverage requirements in the law.
The measure has little apparent chance at passage, given that it imposes a new mandate on the insurance industry that Republicans will be reluctant to accept.
At the same time, a vote would at least permit Democrats to say they have voted to repair some of the problems associated with the Affordable Care Act, as many appear eager to do.
In a statement, Landrieu said Sens. Jeff Merkley of Oregon, Kay Hagan of North Carolina and Mark Pryor of Arkansas were now supporting the legislation, as is Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California. All but Feinstein are on the ballot next year.
Across the Capitol, majority Republicans in the House set a vote for Friday on legislation to permit insurance companies to continue selling existing policies that have been ordered scrapped because they fall short of coverage standards in the law.
While House passage of the measure is assured, each Democrat will be forced to cast a vote on the future of a program that Republicans have vowed to place at the center of next year's campaign.
Democratic Rep. Mike Doyle of Pennsylvania, who voted for the initial Obama health care bill, said Thursday that members of his caucus want an opportunity to go on the record in support of allowing people to keep the insurance they had.
Doyle told MSNBC in an interview that at a White House meeting Wednesday, House Democrats told Obama about "the frustration level that many of us have" with the health care roll-out.
Doyle said Democrats warned Obama that "if you don't give us something by Friday" to fix the insurance cancellation problem, then many Democrats are likely to vote for the pending House bill sponsored by Republican Rep. Fred Upton of Michigan, which would accomplish that goal.
The promise of keeping coverage was Obama's oft-stated pledge when the legislation was under consideration, a calling card since shredded by the millions of cancellations mailed out by insurers.
Obama apologized last week for the broken promise, but aides said at the time the White House was only considering administration changes, rather than new legislation.


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SAN ANTONIO, TX -- Remember the Alamo? Phil Collins sure does.
The British 1980s music icon was at the 1836 Battle of the Alamo and Texas Revolutionary shrine in downtown San Antonio on Thursday, announcing the donation of his collection of related artifacts - one so vast it's considered the world's largest such private collection.
Collins, the 63-year-old Genesis singer-drummer, joked he'd spent "all the money that I made from music" on 200-plus pieces related to the battle where 1,500 Mexican troops laid siege to 200 Texans. He said he wanted to ensure the collection was better cared-for in the future.
"Some people would buy Ferraris, some people would buy houses, I bought old bits of metal and old bits of paper," Collins said. "It's at my home, in my basement in Switzerland. I look at it every day, but no one else was enjoying it."
Collins has been an Alamo aficionado since growing up in London and watching actor Fess Parker portray Davy Crockett in a 1950s Disney miniseries.
"I've had a love affair with this place since I was about 5 years old," said Collins, who sweated in a button-down shirt and spectacles before a cheering crowd of dignitaries and tourists who gathered in front of the Alamo for the occasion. "It was something that I used to go and play in the garden with my soldiers."
Collins said his favorite artifact was also his first, purchased for him in the 1990s by his then-wife: a receipt for the sale of the saddle of John W. Smith, an Alamo messenger who rode through Mexican lines and pleaded for reinforcements before the battle.
The collection also includes a rifle owned by Crockett, his leather shot pouch and a pair of powder horns Crockett is believed to have given to a Mexican officer before his death - as well as muskets and musket balls that belonged to Mexican soldiers.
Texas Land Commissioner Jerry Patterson said Collins would pay to ship the artifacts to Texas with the understanding that the state would use public funding and private donations to eventually spruce up the Alamo site - including erecting a building to house the collection. In the meantime, some items will be displayed as soon as October.
The collection is worth millions but Collin said, "Being British, we don't talk about that kind of thing." He promised to keep buying artifacts and "once I've lived with whatever I buy for a month, I'll ship it over here."
Collins mostly retired from music in 2011 but first came to the Alamo in 1973, while on his first U.S. tour with Genesis. He, singer Peter Gabriel and the tour manager had three days off and each got to pick a destination. Gabriel picked Hot Springs National Park in Arkansas and Collins chose San Antonio.
"I was just spellbound when I first saw it in person," he recalled. "Having lived all my life, to see it in books and movies and the pictures in magazines, it was really quite extraordinary."


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text: General StrategyThe Bloodmage's free glyph isn't as useful as the glyphs from the other classes. It works well with classes that have good magic aptitude but little need for health restoration, like the Sorcerer, but thanks to the Power-Hungry feature, bloodmages don't really need it as much. The way to go with the Bloodmage is to get as many mana potions as possible and leave the blood pools from killed monsters untouched as long as possible. The bosses can be taken on using fireballs, HALPMEH, CYDSTEPP and/or poison (whatever works best) and with the help of bloodpool regeneration. You'll be able to cast a lot due to the mana potions' 100% regeneration, but the health loss from using a potion makes it more difficult to use several in a row, as you'll need to save up blood pools and/or health potions. Note that you won't be allowed to drink a mana potion if you do not have sufficient health. Race & Deity ChoicesGnome or Elf are your ways to go here. As a Gnome you'll have a lot of Mana Potions and therefore a lot of mana. As an Elf you'll have more Mana overall but less Potions for regeneration. The Elf, due to having more overall mana, definitely has the advantage when trying to take on monsters without using potions. On the other hand, the Gnome will miss individual potions less, and can take on monsters that are even higher level than the Elf can without setting himself back too far against the boss. Against the boss, a Gnome who has many potions saved up will have more mana overall (by 25, at 5 glyphs converted), however, the Elf will have to pay less health to use up all his mana, and will be able to more effectively melee the boss in conjunction with any magical assault. Note that if the dungeon spawns with shops or Deities that allow for expanding maximum mana (such Mystera Annur), it favors the Gnome, while spawns and midfight leveling strategies that allow for more mana refills benefit the Elf more. Mystera Annur should be your preferred Deity, and makes BLUDTUPOWA look significantly more useful, as you don't need to regenerate health as much if you aren't attacking enemies directly. If that one's not available you can still go with The Pactmaker. BLUDTUPOWA, if you can also pick up BURNDAYRAZ and APHEELSIK, also makes Tikki Tooki slightly more feasible since you can have an assurance of risk-free damage. Challenge ModesSnake PitLevel up by killing Gorgons and go for Serpents and Nagas only if you can kill them without getting weakened or poisoned (except you'll get a level up or use HALPMEH). Try to not use any Mana Potions until you're able to take on the bosses. If you're around level 7 start attacking Medusa. Immunity to Death Gaze is helpful but not necessary. Just make sure to keep your Health up with bloodpools, potions and level up. Make sure to keep enough potions for the Jormungandr, who can be outlasted afterwards. CryptCrypt is tricky, as usual. Level up on Vampires and Zombies, if you can buy Soul Orb. Best combination is HALPMEH, BURNDAYRAZ and your bonus glyph, since you can quickly regain mana and heal yourself, instead of spending tiles for natural healing. In this dungeon mana-rewarding deity is crucial, since Frank has a lot of hit points. The Pactmaker is better, because he will let you attack with your weapon, while Mystera will make you rely on fireball solely. Sometimes it is better to heal and attack again, than to burn enemy. Begin with Tormented One, when you are about to hit level 7, burn him, level up, burn again and spend one potion to finish him. This will kick you almost to level 8. Explore to gather all resources. Kick Frank, burn him and level up. Begin to spend potions, but do not forget, that if your health is too low, you will be unable to drink mana potions. Blood pools and HALPMEH can solve this. If you have around 6-7 potions you will outlast Frank.


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We've added a handful of contributors in the last couple months, but we're still looking for more people to contribute daily posts and help expand the site.
This is a paid, freelancing position that requires professionalism, consistency, and reliability. We want to hear from people that are passionate about software/hardware hacking and growing Hack a Day. To apply, send the following to email@example.com
- A short bio about yourself
- 3 example daily posts written in the style of Hack a Day
- 3 software or hardware how-tos you'd like to see. For examples of work we've done in the past, look here, here, here, and here.
- A couple sentences on how you would improve the site either through features or content
- Any additional reasons why you would make a good fit for Hack a Day
Do not send any attachments. Having your own blog you can show off is a definite plus.


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It's hard to ignore TIME's May 21 cover. There's Jamie Lynne Grumet, looking every bit the supermodel in superskinny jeans, ballet flats and a strappy tank top with the neckline tugged down to make way for … her nearly 4-year-old son. He's breast-feeding.
Over the past few months, breast-feeding has grabbed headlines as moms have staged nationwide nurse-ins to draw attention to their right to breast-feed in public. Mothers with babes in arms have collectively bared their breasts in Target stores; they've had their infants latch on at Facebook's headquarters and at the state capitol in Georgia.
But the campaign for greater acceptance of nursing in public — and all those detractors who recoil when they see a mother feeding a baby just as her body is programmed to do — pales next to the startling image of Grumet feeding a boy who clearly doesn't need breast milk to thrive. Or does he?
(MORE: My Sister, My Surrogate: After Battling Cancer, One Woman Receives the Ultimate Mother's Day Gift)
In a society that still gets squeamish when a baby is nursed in public, the idea of continuing to nurse that baby until he's a toddler or even a preschooler is a real show stopper. But much of the world doesn't share the U.S.'s uneasiness. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends breast-feeding up to a child's second birthday "or beyond." Most U.S. mothers don't even meet the recommendation made by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the U.S. Surgeon General that they skip infant formula and breast-feed exclusively for six months. According to the CDC's 2011 Breastfeeding Report Card, 75% of U.S. mothers start out nursing their babies, but only 44% have stuck with it by the time their child is 6 months old — and just 15% are breast-feeding exclusively by that point. By baby's first birthday, less than a quarter of mothers are breast-feeding at all.
From that small remainder emerges an even smaller group of extreme breast-feeders like Grumet. Which women are crazy enough to continue to nurse a child who can walk and talk?
Um, me.
(QUIZ: What's Your Parenting Style?)
I spent more than six years total nursing my three kids. I have no idea how this happened. Unlike Grumet, I do not adhere to the philosophy of attachment parenting — the subject of this week's cover story by Kate Pickert (available to subscribers here). The tenets espoused by its guru, Dr. Bill Sears, always felt too proscriptive: you must co-sleep and wear your baby in a sling from morn till night and breast-feed for years and never, ever let your baby cry. My kids slept in cribs, and easily transitioned to big-kid beds in their own rooms, although they still sometimes creep into my bed in the middle of the night. I enjoy cuddling them too much to move them back.
At one point, I owned half a dozen strollers (attachment parenting frowns upon these because they keep Mom from physically connecting with her baby), but I also strap my almost 5-year-old into an Ergo baby carrier — and love feeling her big-girl weight on my back. I "Ferberized" my oldest child, allowing him to cry for longer and longer blocks of time in a quest to sleep-train him before my maternity leave ended, and it worked. He still smiled at me when I plucked him from his crib the following morning, and nine years later, he's a champion sleeper who doesn't appear to have suffered any psychological ramifications, as far as I can tell. I wish I could say the same for myself; the experience of letting him "cry it out" was so traumatic that I let sleep-training slide with my younger kids. (The 5-year-old still wakes up at night.)
All this is to say that parenting is about embracing contradictions. So while I never could live up to many of attachment parenting's pillars, extended breast-feeding appealed to me. That's the term typically applied to nursing after a baby's first birthday. I didn't plan to do this. It just unfolded, with weeks slipping into months, and months melting into years. I loved nursing my children, the closeness that it engendered, the mandatory time out in a day filled with to-do lists. That said, nursing my children as they got older became largely a private affair — not because I was embarrassed but because they no longer needed to nurse at a restaurant or on a picnic bench. They preferred to eat food. So I rarely had to contend with strangers' stares because the older my kids got, the less they nursed. That's the normal progression of things — it's how weaning is ideally supposed to work.
(MORE: Why Breast-Feeding Isn't the Bugaboo)
So why the undeniable gawk factor when the occasional mother breast-feeds a preschooler at the park? Bettina Forbes, co-founder of breast-feeding advocacy group Best for Babes, thinks it's because we're so uneasy with the concept of breast-feeding in general. "You're talking about a culture uncomfortable with breast-feeding a 6-week-old," says Forbes. "We've sexualized the breast so much that people have forgotten breasts are for breast-feeding."
In 2008 the American Academy of Family Physicians did its part to try to destigmatize nursing toddlers and older children, applauding the WHO guidelines even as it acknowledged that extended breast-feeding "is not the cultural norm in the United States and requires ongoing support and encouragement." The group added:
It has been estimated that a natural weaning age for humans is between two and seven years. Family physicians should be knowledgeable regarding the ongoing benefits to the child of extended breastfeeding, including continued immune protection, better social adjustment and having a sustainable food source in times of emergency. The longer women breastfeed, the greater the decrease in their risk of breast cancer. There is no evidence that extended breastfeeding is harmful to mother or child.
And it's good for kids too, packed with nutrients and more fat and calories for older nursers. That's the amazing thing about breast milk; it evolves to meet the needs of the child it's nourishing. Still, my father, a physician, couldn't figure out why I wouldn't wean my children. "When are you going to stop breast-feeding already?" he'd ask each time he'd see me. "It's not like I'm giving them soda," I'd respond. "I'll stop when I'm ready."
(MORE: Confessions of an Accidental Attachment Parent)
In truth, I was never ready. I weaned my first two midway into subsequent pregnancies, bowing to pressure from my husband and doctors that it was probably a good idea to put my developing baby's needs first. Plenty of women, of course, continue to safely nurse through pregnancy. But I wasn't crazy about the thought of nursing two at a time. Several years later, I weaned my youngest because I had an unavoidable out-of-town trip. She was pushing 3 at the time, and I was able to have a conversation with her about what was about to happen. We had a kind of farewell party: she celebrated by munching on a cupcake made to resemble a breast with a gumdrop nipple, and that was it. We were done.
But the memories live on. When my daughter wants comfort, she asks if I can "hold her like a baby" — and she scoots into her old breast-feeding position to cuddle. Grumet's mother breast-fed her until she was 6 (!), and in a Q&A posted on Healthland, she describes her memory of what suckling felt like:
It's really warm. It's like embracing your mother, like a hug. You feel comforted, nurtured and really, really loved. I had so much self-confidence as a child, and I know it's from that. I never felt like she would ever leave me. I felt that security.
Years from now, I hope that's what my kids remember too.


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WASHINGTON – The Chairman of the U.S. Helsinki Commission, Senator Sam Brownback (R-KS), Co-Chairman, Rep. Christopher Smith (R-NJ), and Ranking Member Rep. Ben Cardin (D-MD) questioned today whether Kazakhstan has earned the right to lead the Vienna-based Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), citing ongoing human rights problems in that country. Kazakhstan, which joined the OSCE in 1992, has announced its desire to serve as Chair-in-Office of the OSCE, which is holding its annual Human Dimension Implementation (HDIM) meeting from September 19-30 in Warsaw, Poland.
"I would be willing to support Kazakhstan's chairmanship but they have to earn it. I believe they still have a long way to go," said Brownback. "Kazakhstan can boost its prospects by taking timely steps to improve its human rights climate and accelerate the process of democratization, especially media and religious freedoms."
The Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, also known as the Helsinki Commission, is a U.S. Government agency that monitors progress in the implementation of the provisions of the 1975 Helsinki Accords. The Commission consists of nine members from the United States Senate, nine from the House of Representatives, and one member each from the Departments of State, Defense and Commerce.
"The leadership of the OSCE must never be determined by default," said Commission Co-Chairman Smith. "It is not a right, but an honor. Kazakhstan must demonstrate leadership in implementing its OSCE commitments, starting with a good presidential election in December."
The Kazakh presidential election is scheduled for December 4th. Previous elections have not met OSCE standards. The United States has warned Kazakhstan that the conduct of the election and improvements in human rights are a critical yardstick for measuring Kazakhstan's progress.
The 2009 Chairmanship of the OSCE will be decided at its December 2006 Ministerial meeting. All 55 OSCE participating States must agree for a country's candidacy to succeed. Kazakhstan is the first Central Asian country to aspire to the chairmanship.
"Leading by example is a prerequisite for any country desiring to chair, and to lead the Organization a country must lead on implementation," said Commission Ranking Member Ben Cardin (D-MD). "Kazakhstan's December presidential elections will provide an excellent opportunity for it to show that it is serious about human rights, as the OSCE considers its candidacy for the OSCE chairmanship."
Chairman Brownback concurred: "The upcoming presidential contest must get a clean bill of health from the OSCE election monitors for Kazakhstan's candidacy to receive serious consideration," he said. "It will not be enough to see progress over past elections."


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Saturday marks the 150th anniversary of a crucial moment in U.S. history. On Sept. 22, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, announcing his intention to free the slaves in the states rebelling against the Union.
Lincoln didn't officially free the slaves in the Confederacy until the formal Emancipation Proclamation in January 1863. But he announced his intention to do it 100 days earlier, in what historians call the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. This official document — and Lincoln's handwritten manuscript of it — are both on tour, starting this weekend in Harlem.
"There's a simple way to remember it as this moral moment of freedom. But as always with politics, there's actually a complicated history behind it," says John King, New York State's commissioner of education.
He says Lincoln was trying to strike a delicate balance. He wanted to free the slaves partly to give the Union a military advantage over the Confederacy. But Lincoln wanted to do it without actually abolishing slavery. That move would have offended the border states that sided with the Union and where slavery was still legal.
If you look at Lincoln's manuscript closely enough, you can see the effort he put into it, Khalil Gibran Muhammad says. Muhammad directs the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, where the manuscript is on display this weekend.
"Even his own struggle — the newspaper clippings cut out here, the scratched-out sentences and trying to figure out what precise language — shows us just how hard it is to do the work of making freedom and democracy real for people. This is one of those transformative moments," he says.
Muhammad notes that Lincoln didn't create this moment all by himself. Throughout the war, he was hearing from generals in the field about slaves who ran away by the thousands, hoping to join the Union army. They were telling the generals, "We are here to demand our freedom. And we know you are here for other reasons, but you can't ignore us. We won't be ignored."
Lincoln's handwritten manuscript didn't stay in his possession for long. It was auctioned off in 1864, before the Civil War was even over, to raise money for relief efforts. Then the manuscript was sold to the state of New York, which helped to organize the current traveling exhibition. It opened Friday with a special showing for high school students in Harlem. Senior Kamal Grant says for him, the manuscript symbolizes opportunity.
"It's basically the reason we why we're even looking at it right now. Because it gave people like me a chance to even be relevant in the world," he says.
Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.


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Professional Foundation repair in Bigfork, MT
Foundation repair in Bigfork, MT is extremely important if you have noticed any cracks or other problems with the foundation of your house. All homeowners should be aware that even small cracks in their foundation can lead to much bigger and more expensive problems down the road, so it is crucial that you get these issues fixed right away to avoid any problems later on. This type of damage to a home can occur as the result of excess water around the area as well as the natural aging process, and it is necessary to get it fixed as soon as you notice it.
Professionals at GoKnow specialize in foundation repair for Bigfork, MT homes. When you count on our team, you can avoid water damage to your basement as well as other issues. Cracks in the foundation of your home can easily lead to serious structural damage that can cost thousands of dollars to have fixed. While you may not want to spend the money on these repair services, they will ultimately save you from having to pay much more in the future. In order to keep the foundation of your home in great condition, these repair services are sometimes necessary.
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text:
UA Women's ColdGear® Base 4.0 Leggings
*This item ships directly from the manufacturer. All sales are final.
Decoration Available
Contact us to discuss your decorating options including embroidery, screen printing, and other professional decoration methods.
- UA Base™ 4.0 Extreme Baselayer is our warmest yet, delivering extreme warmth in the extreme cold
- UA Scent Control Technology to keep you undetected in all pursuits
- Soft, brushed grid interior traps air, managing your body's microclimate to keep you warm & comfortable
- Material wicks sweat & dries really fast
- 4-way stretch construction moves better in every direction
- Wide, flat waistband with a rise that sits just right on your hips
- Machine wash cold with like colors
- Use only non-chlorine bleach when needed
- Tumble dry low
- Do not iron
- Do not use softeners
- Do not dry clean
Shipping Details
All items listed as "In stock" will be processed within 1-2 business days and shipped via economy ground service unless expedited shipping is added in the checkout process.
All manufacturer direct orders listed as "In stock" are shipped directly from the manufacturers and can take up to 1-2 business days to process and be shipped via economy ground service. Expedited shipping is not available for these products.
Note: All sales are final for manufacturer direct products, and cancellations, returns, or exchanges are not available unless the item is defective. Please be aware that manufacturer direct products may have a backorder date if no inventory is currently available. If backordered, you will receive an email notification from us with the expected ship date. If the item is completely out of stock, we will promptly refund your money.
Inventory Clarification
We aim to clarify the distinction between "In stock" items stored in our warehouse, available for immediate shipment, and those labeled as "In stock" items from manufacturers.
Items labeled as "In stock" and available for immediate shipment are physically present in our warehouse. These items will be shipped within 1 business day of placing your order.
For certain products, we collaborate with manufacturers to display their inventory as "In stock" on our platform. These items are not housed in our warehouse but are readily available at the manufacturer's facility. Orders for manufacturer direct items will be processed within 1-2 business days, and shipping will be directly handled by the manufacturer.
Expedited shipping is not available for these items.
Important Notes Regarding Manufacturer Direct Items:
- Shipping Origin:
Manufacturer direct items will be shipped directly from the respective manufacturer's facility. - Backorders: If inventory is not available at the manufacturer's facility, there may be a backorder date. In such cases, you will receive an email notification with the expected ship date.
- Out of Stock: If an item is completely out of stock at the manufacturer's facility, you will be notified, and a prompt refund will be issued.
Note for Manufacturer Direct Items:
All manufacturer direct items display a message on the product page: "*This item ships directly from the manufacturer. All sales are final."
We aim to provide transparent information about the availability and origin of our products. If you have any specific questions about the status of your order or the inventory location, please feel free to contact our Customer Service Team at firstname.lastname@example.com or through our Chat.


text:
iron on Tuesday
mend on Wednesday
churn on Thursday
clean on Friday
bake on Saturday
rest on Sunday
from Little House in the Big Woods
You will need:
1 bar of soap (any kind you want)
1 cup of Borax
1 cup of washing soda
a big pot ( that holds more than 2 gallons)
a grater
a funnel
a long spoon
2 empty gallon jugs/containers
Grate your bar of soap into your pot.
Fill one gallon jug and pour water into pot with grated soap. Cook until the grated soap dissolves.
Add the Borax and washing soda.
Bring to a boil. It will coagulate.
Turn off the heat. Add 1 gallon of cold water. Stir well.
Pour 1 gallon of your detergent into each container.
A funnel helps tremendously.
This won't make many, if any, suds. Suds don't equal clean. It took a while to get that into my head. This detergent cleans wonderfully!
Let me know if you make any or if you have any questions.
Happy washing!
***** edited 7/2011 to add that the detergent should thicken / coagulate when it cools. Usually within 24 hours! ****
The savings is incredible.


text:
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Jeronim (Chernov) of Detroit
His Eminence, the Most Reverend Jeronim (Chernov) was an archbishop of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia and the ruling bishop of the Diocese of Detroit (now part of the Diocese of Chicago and Mid-America) from 1946 to 1957.
Ioann (John) Chernov was born on November 29, 1878 in the town of Sudodga in Vladimir Province, Russia, into a family of clergy. Still a pre-school aged child, the family moved to the city of Vladimir. After attending the local church schools, Ioann attended the seminary in Vladimir from 1895 to 1899. After graduating from the seminary, he taught religion in his home district from 1899 to 1902.
In 1902, Ioann was ordained a deacon on April 28 and a priest on May 5. After serving in a number of different parishes, Fr. Ioann entered the Moscow Theological Academy where he studied from 1909 to 1913. On November 3, 1912, Fr. Ioann was tonsured a monk by the Rector of the Academy, Archimandrite Feodor (Pozdeyevsky) and given the name Jeronim. In 1913, he received a Master of Divinity degree by the Moscow Theological Academy. In 1914, he entered the Kursk Monastery of the Sign and joined the Kursk Theological Seminary where he taught Sacred History. On October 9, 1915, he was appointed inspector at the seminary, a position he held until the Kursk Seminary was closed by the Bolsheviks in 1919.
He was also appointed deputy abbot of the Kursk Znamensky Monastery at which the Holy Kursk Root Icon of the Mother of God (Kursk-Korennaya Icon) was kept. Fr. Jeronim was also secretary to Bishop Theophan (Gavrilov) of the Kursk-Oboyansk Diocese. Fr. Jeronim was elevated to the dignity of archimandrite in 1919.
In 1919, the Bolsheviks were actively attacking the Orthodox clergy and destroying church facilities as they came to dominate the country. As the White Army retreated from Kursk, Bp. Theophan, with Archim. Jeronim, took the Holy Kursk Root Icon for safekeeping and left Kursk in September 1919. They traveled through southern Russia, Constantinople, and Thessalonkia to Yugoslavia, arriving there in March 1920. In Yugoslavia, Archim. Jeronim served a number of communities and directed the monastic school at Rakovche.
In 1923, Archim. Jeronim moved to Palestine to administer the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem for a year, but remained in Palestine serving as a priest until 1935. In 1935, he was invited the United States by Bp. Vitaly (Maximenko) of Detroit. On August 18, 1935, Archim. Jeronim was consecrated to the episcopate as Bishop of Detroit and Cleveland. In 1936, during a period of co-operation between the Russian Diocese of North America and Canada and the Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia, Bp. Jeronim was named Bishop of Montreal and Eastern Canada a position he held until 1946. He returned to ROCOR after the two groups separated following the Seventh All-American Sobor of 1946 in Cleveland, Ohio.
After the sobor, Bp. Jeronim was elevated to archbishop and appointed, by the ROCOR Synod of Bishops, the ruling hierarch of the Diocese of Detroit and Flint. Abp. Jeronim reposed on May 14, 1957 in Detroit, Michigan, after which his diocese of four parishes was merged with the Diocese of Chicago and Cleveland.
Jeronim (Chernov) of Detroit | ||
Preceded by: Apollinary (Koshevoy) |
Chief of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem 1922-1925 |
Succeeded by: Meletius (Rozov) |
Preceded by: Paul (Gavrilov) |
Bishop of Detroit and Cleveland (Metropolia) 1935-1936 |
Succeeded by: Arseny (Chagovtsov) |
Preceded by: Emmanuel (Abo-Hatab) |
Bishop of Montreal and Eastern Canada (Metropolia) 1936-1946 |
Succeeded by: Anthony (Tereschenko) |
Preceded by: Vitaly (Maximenko) |
Archbishop of Detroit and Flint (ROCOR) 1946-1957 |
Succeeded by: see merged with Diocese of Chicago and Cleveland |
Categories > Organizations > Educational Institutions
Categories > Organizations > Seminaries > Moscow Academy and Seminary Graduates
Categories > People
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops > Bishops by century > 20th-century bishops
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops > Bishops by city > Bishops of Cleveland
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops > Bishops by city > Bishops of Detroit
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops > Bishops by city > Bishops of Montreal
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops > Bishops by city > Bishops of Winnipeg
Bishops of Flint


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The live price of Holo is $0.002013 per HOT/USD, with a current market cap of $370,638,213.02954555 USD. The 24-hour trading volume is $56,063,331 USD. The HOT to USD price is updated in real-time. Holo has experienced a -4.71% change in the last 24 hours and a -12.95% change over the past 7 days, with a circulating supply of 173,496,737,599.15567.
Low: $0.001951High: $0.002129
Holo is a pragmatic compromise — a bridge for people to transition toward greater and greater decentralization and autonomy. But since Holo must interface with the centralized systems of today, some parts of it are also centralized. So this is not a typical crypto project or paper. We've already built a fully distributed platform in Holochain. Now we want to take it to the mainstream. Holo is the bridge to get there.
This paper sets out multiple interdependent innovations that work together to enable a large shift in the landscape of crypto applications and currencies. After a brief overview to provide context for these innovations, we explain each:
Technological Innovations: Scalable P2P applications on Holochain,
Technological Innovations: Hosting P2P apps for mainstream users,
Currency Innovation: Double-Entry Crypto-Accounting system for rewarding Hosts,
Business Model Innovation: Leveraging excess capacity using Sharing Economy principles,
Funding Innovation: Bonding ICO with Crowdfunding to demonstrate real demand and establish stakeholders in an ecosystem backed with real world assets.
These innovations weave together to form a coherent approach. In order to have a self-regulating ecosystem hosting distributed applications, we need an accounting method that improves efficiency as it scales so we can reward hosts in the sharing economy of the ecosystem which is created by inviting all stakeholders to participate in the system through our ICO (Initial Community Offering) which provides the right to purchase hosting services.
The Holo ecosystem relies on hosts that provide processing and storage for distributed applications while earning redeemable credits.


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Google Japan developed a special version of Google Voice Search for animals. Unfortunately, Google Translate is not very helpful:
"For this animal, the dog still, cats, pigeons are just the future, cows and horses, hamsters, frogs, and plans to expand into. Voice Search a variety of potential animal, you try all means, exchange'd appreciate help with animals. Google's mission is to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful to the people around the world. You are also feeling the animal to be able to access, will continue to continue research, and Nakajima are saying."
There's also Google Translate for Animals, a new Android application that "allows you to record animals sounds and have the sounds analyzed and translated by Google Translate into any of the 52 supported languages".
Google Australia is now able to "Optimise for Colloquial Cultural Articulation (OCCA) - which means our products can now be tailored specifically for the typical Strayan user. (...) OCCA greatly reduces the latency between a user's thought and ability to pinpoint information; a boon for local users who'd have Buckleys makin' sense of American English."
Google Street View is now available in 3D, but you need to click on an icon to go 3D:
Google decided to change its name to Topeka, the US city that intends to change its name to Google.
Google's search results pages use some interesting units of measurements to estimate how long it took Google to obtain the results: Plunk, gigawatts, warp, centibeats, skidoo, femtogalactic years, velocity of an unladen swallow.
YouTube has a new text-only mode: TEXTp. "It's great news that there are 24 hours of video uploaded to YouTube every minute, we support 1080p and HD uploads are rising quickly, but that's also meant increasing bandwidth costs cutting into our bottom line. (...) TEXTp is the result of months of intense transcoding efforts by our engineers, who toiled for weeks to ensure that a large chunk of videos on the platform could be reduced to their most basic elements. By replacing the images in the video with a series of letters and numbers, the videos are far less taxing on our system -- and have the added benefit of promoting literacy!"
You can try the new mode by appending &textp=fool to YouTube URLs (like this).
Google Docs lets you store ANYTHING. "Ever wish you could CTRL+F your keys? Store your keys and other objects you commonly lose with Google and you'll never have to worry about finding them again. We're testing a new mail courier network integrated with our Street View fleet. We'll show up within 3 hours to pick up anything you choose to store in Google Docs, guaranteed. At $0.10 per kg, you can store a grand piano for the price of lunch."
Google Voice added a standard voicemail mode.
Standard Voicemail Mode brings your voicemail back to something reminiscent of 1997, with features like:
* Automatic voicemail deletion: messages will be deleted automatically after 14 days
* Numeric keypad access: access to voicemail will only be available via your phone
* Beeper interoperability: your beeper will be paged every time a voicemail is left
* Message maximums: store a maximum of 10 messages at any given time
* Numeric page: people leaving you voicemails will be given the option to send a numeric page
Google Mobile Search found a way to return better results for queries like "where am I". Try this query on your mobile phone and you'll find a lot of interesting results:
Gmail's login page no longer uses vowels and greets users with a short message: "Wlcm t Gml".


text: I owe my passion for tea to my mother, who introduced it to me at an early age. Ever since I was 10, I've been trying as many different teas as possible, be it bagged or loose leaf, black, green, white, red, oolong, pur'eh, mate, matcha or herbal. The sampler has become my best friend. WELCOME ANY RECOMMENDATIONS :)


text:
Tuesday, December 14, 2010
Coconut Macaroons
From the kitchen of One Perfect Bite...It's been years since I made macaroons. My original recipe called for sweetened condensed milk and I thought the cookies made with it were cloyingly sweet. Despite that, I made the cookies each Christmas for Bob's dad who really loved them. When we lost Andy, macaroons, and his favorite chocolate covered cherries, were dropped from my Christmas baking list. I was browsing through the Joy of Baking website the other day when I happened on the recipe I'm featuring today. It is substantially different from the one I had used in the past. I had coconut in the pantry, so I decided to give this version a try. I'm glad I did. While the cookies are way too sweet for my taste, Bob and one of our neighbors loved them. The cookies are very easy to make and the only problem I had was getting them to brown in the time suggested by the recipe. My cookies were still pale at the 20 minute mark and I had to bake them for an additional 10 minutes to get some color. I also suggest adding a small amount of almond extract to the cookie dough. If you have a sweet tooth I think you'll love this recipe. The cake flour gives the cookies a texture that is quite different from that of the usual macaroon and they are slightly less sweet. Here's the recipe.
Coconut Macaroons...from the kitchen of One Perfect Bite courtesy of Joy of Baking.Com
4 large egg whites, at room temperature
1 cup granulated white sugar
1/4 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
1/4 teaspoon almond extract
1/2 cup cake flour, sifted
3 cups sweetened shredded coconut
1) Combine egg whites, sugar and salt in top of a double boiler set over simmering water. Whisk until mixture feels warm and is creamy. Stir in vanilla and almond extract and then add coconut and cake flour. Mix well. Cover and refrigerate for about two hours, or until firm.
2) Preheat oven to 325 degrees F and line two baking sheets with parchment paper.
3) Place small mounds (heaping tablespoons) of batter on parchment-lined baking sheet, spacing several inches apart. Bake for about 20 to 30 minutes, or until golden brown. Remove from oven and let cool on baking sheet for about 10 minutes. Transfer to a wire rack to cool completely. Yield: 2 dozen macaroons.
You might also enjoy these recipes:
Black Bottom Coconut Bars - Gonna Want Seconds
Coconut Almond Macaroons - Dish by Trish
Coconut Vanilla Lime Shortbread - Luna Cafe
Chocolate Coconut Cookies - Alessandra Zecchini
Lime Glazed Coconut Snowballs - A Bountiful Kitchen
Lacy Coconut Cookies - Family Spice
47 comments :
- Rhonda said...
I adore coconut. I was going to make coconut cookies yesterday and to my horror I didn't have any coconut! Next grocery trip coconut and I'm thinking some coconut macaroons.
- December 13, 2010 at 11:24 PM
- aipi said...
Hubby really likes this delicate coconut cookies..will keep your recipe in mind when I make these!
US Masala - December 13, 2010 at 11:33 PM
- Ginny Hartzler said...
Macaroons always look so pretty. Buying Christmas gifts the other day, I was getting some small fancy soaps for people, and they had coconut soap! It smelled so good, too, so I bought some! One of your little pictures below shows flowerpot bread. We went to a restaraunt a coule times called The spinnaker, and everyone who sat down at a table got a flowerpot bread, it was so good!
- December 14, 2010 at 12:33 AM
- kitchen flavours said...
Macaroons has always been on my list of "new bakes to try"! But somehow or other, I never did! Your coconut macaroons looks delightful. Thanks for reminding me! Have a lovely day!
- December 14, 2010 at 12:40 AM
- Bakericious said...
this looks great, I am sure I will love it.
- December 14, 2010 at 12:41 AM
- Sanyukta Gour(Bayes) said...
they look so delicious mary....very festive n elegant
- December 14, 2010 at 12:47 AM
- Monet said...
My dad and I are the only two in the family to like coconut macaroons. Maybe I can surprise him with a batch when I fly home for Christmas. I imagine that these keep fairly well. Thank you for sharing this with me. I hope you have a joyful week, my friend!
- December 14, 2010 at 1:13 AM
- anne said...
nice plate
- December 14, 2010 at 1:34 AM
- Lucie said...
Coconut macaroons sure are sweet--but I love them! Using almond extract is a great idea. I'm wondering what using almond flour in replacement of part of the cake flour would do.
- December 14, 2010 at 2:00 AM
- Alessandra said...
Sorry, I made a spelling mistake in the last reply... probably I make many (English is my second language), but when I see them I try to correct them, please excuse me :-)
I just wanted to say that these are my husband's favorites!
Alessandra - December 14, 2010 at 3:27 AM
- Sanjeeta kk said...
Love those cute peaks of coconut macaroons. Lovely click.
- December 14, 2010 at 3:42 AM
- Cherine said...
A gorgeous treat!
- December 14, 2010 at 3:53 AM
- Ana Powell said...
They look like three kisses.
I love them, so delicious and delicate ♥ - December 14, 2010 at 4:03 AM
- penny aka jeroxie said...
Wonder if it is macaroon season? Yours looks really good.
- December 14, 2010 at 4:15 AM
- art is in the kitchen said...
Coconut macaroons are an old favorite of mine. Time to make some this season. Yours have a soft look. Is it perhaps the cake flour? I'll follow your recipe to get the same effect. Thanks for the recipe! Blessings to you too these holidays!
- December 14, 2010 at 4:35 AM
- NatureFootstep said...
you dcall them Maroons? That world means some kind of pasta in swedish ;) I used to bake these, but when the kids moved away I got lazy. And...I can´t eat it all by myself.
- December 14, 2010 at 5:11 AM
- Eden said...
Wow.. looks so yummy. Love coconut.
- December 14, 2010 at 5:17 AM
- Debbi Does Dinner Healthy said...
LOVE macaroons, my favorite! These look wonderful, thanks!
- December 14, 2010 at 6:49 AM
- Valerie Harrison (bellini) said...
Macaroons are one of my favourite holiday cookies dipped in chocolate. You are more than right when you say they are sweet but then that prevents you from eating an entire plate of them...maybe...wink.
- December 14, 2010 at 6:52 AM
- What's next said...
I love coconut, I will try these this weekend!
- December 14, 2010 at 7:25 AM
- From the Kitchen said...
I saw a lady sitting outside (well actually inside the mall) of Godiva on Saturday munching on one of their chocolate-covered macaroons. It was all I could do to not go in and purchase one for myself because they come with bittersweet dark chocolate that cuts the sweetness. I didn't and have thought about them ever since.
Bonnie - December 14, 2010 at 7:39 AM
- pigpigscorner said...
I've never actually had macaroons! Sounds yummy!
- December 14, 2010 at 7:45 AM
- Lynn said...
I love macaroons, think I'll add this to my Christmas cookie list:@)
- December 14, 2010 at 7:48 AM
- Kim said...
Even if they are sweet, I'm sure they are great! Anyway, we all have sweet tooth people around us! Have a nice day!
- December 14, 2010 at 7:51 AM
- Unknown said...
Hey Mary,
Beautiful macaroons...:)Love them...:)
http://www.myeasytoocokrecipes.blogspot.com - December 14, 2010 at 8:05 AM
- Joanne said...
I love the moist chewiness of macaroons but, like you, hate the cloying sweetness that some of them have. Coconut is sweet enough! These sound absolutely fantastic!
- December 14, 2010 at 8:07 AM
- Rita said...
Your macaroons look fantastic! Haven't made these in years and they are my husband's favourite. I think I will try my hand at these again; thank you.
- December 14, 2010 at 9:08 AM
- Unknown said...
They look wonderful, Mary!!
- December 14, 2010 at 9:37 AM
- Sushma Mallya said...
Macaroons looks perfect and so yum and beautiful...
- December 14, 2010 at 9:43 AM
- Katerina said...
My husband would love these because he is a big fan of coconut.
- December 14, 2010 at 9:59 AM
- Carol said...
Your macaroons look fabulous! I love macaroons!
- December 14, 2010 at 10:18 AM
- Pam said...
I love coconut anything... especially macaroons. They look lovely Mary.
- December 14, 2010 at 11:42 AM
- Priya Suresh said...
Scrumptious macaroons, i dont bother to grab some..
- December 14, 2010 at 11:44 AM
- Emily Z said...
I love macaroons. Yours look perfect. I have never made my own, but I think I should attempt to soon after looking at these!
- December 14, 2010 at 11:54 AM
- Kelly said...
I'm also NOT a fan of crazy sweet cookies so these to me definitely sound better than the original. Isn't it funny how many cookies get added to the list (and stay there) because one person likes them.
- December 14, 2010 at 12:00 PM
- teresa said...
coconut is an ingredient i never get sick up. these are just lovely, they sound wonderful!
- December 14, 2010 at 1:01 PM
- Beverly said...
Mary, I much as I would hate it, I think I should send my husband to live with you and your family. He would surely love you - and he surely loves macaroons.♥
- December 14, 2010 at 1:14 PM
Hi Mary, that looks really tempting. I have passed an award on to you. Please know that you touch the lives of many and we appreciate you. You will find it on the award page. Just wanted to let you know that your blog is wonderful and you are sincerely appreciated.
- December 14, 2010 at 3:45 PM
- Claudia said...
These do look wonderful - I haven't baked with coconut in years because daughter hates it - but I should give it a go again because the rest of us love it!
- December 14, 2010 at 5:04 PM
- cottage garden farmer said...
These are just the kind of coconut macaroon i remember from years ago! Lovely
- December 14, 2010 at 5:07 PM
- The Blonde Duck said...
Those look wonderful!
- December 14, 2010 at 5:55 PM
- Faith said...
Your Coconut Macaroons are really lovely, Mary. This is my hubby's favorite Christmas cookie and I still have to make it for him this year. I think I may try your recipe, it looks wonderful!
- December 14, 2010 at 7:02 PM
- CaSaundraLeigh said...
I've never made macaroons..this post reminds me that I definitely need to put it on my list for this years baking agenda!
- December 15, 2010 at 9:10 AM
- High Plains Drifters said...
if you love coconut, i found a brilliantly simple idea the other day: just sprinkle the tiniest bit on your standard chocolate chip cookie recipe. too simple!
Best to you and yours this holiday. Cheers! - December 16, 2010 at 11:22 AM
- FOODESSA said...
Glad you tried this recipe for us Mary. I do love coconut treats like this one. They would probably be too sweet for me too, I'm sure. I love dessert...but too sweet turns me off.
Your candid opinion is always tremendously appreciated.
Flavourful wishes,
Claudia - December 17, 2010 at 8:09 AM
- Sandy said...
Hmmmmmm.I got to try these.
- December 20, 2010 at 3:40 PM
- Unknown said...
¡¡Hola María¡¡
He visto que te has pasado por mi blog, y me ha gustado mucho tu comentario. ¡Gracias¡
Te invito a que hagas la receta de las sultanas de coco que hacemos en nuestro pais, y que luego me cuentes si te han gustado o no.
¡tus recetas son todas excepcionales¡
Sin duda, haré alguna para mi familia.
te dejo la receta de coco:
seguiré paseando por tu blog. ¡Me encanta¡.
Besos. María de los Angeles. (Cádiz. España) - October 25, 2011 at 6:37 PM


text:
French macarons don't get any more perfect than this. |
Those three towels contain notes for no less than 8 macaron recipes |
Two macarons from the same batch. The macaron on the left has an air pocket above the interior and the macaron on the right is perfect. |
Now when folks come to me with macarons like the one on the left, I tell them not to worry. The cookies are still wonderful. No one is going to bite into that cookie and spit it out.
Let's start with my latest recipe for French meringue macarons, in the instructions I'll give advice on how to avoid making hollow macarons. This recipe preforms extremely well in my kitchen and I hope everyone else will have lots of luck with it.
Same recipe, larger cookie, this time on silicone baking mats (note the shorter ruffled feet) |
yields approximately 50 cookies
5g dehydrated egg white powder
28g granulated sugar
225g confectioners (powdered) sugar
125g almond meal
100g aged egg whites
Note on the ingredients: Dehydrated egg white is not the same as meringue powder. Meringue powder is not an appropriate substitution so please don't use it. Many well stocked grocers and health food stores carry dehydrated egg whites, just ask where they keep them. They're also readily available online.
I've been baking with old whites. My eggs have been averaging 5-6 days aged, in the refrigerator, lightly covered with a paper towel.
Bake the cookies for roughly 15 minutes. One sheet at a time.
Once the cookies lift easily from the parchment or silicone baking mat they're probably done. To be sure, pop a cookie off with an offset spatula and break it open. The insides should be set and not overly moist (wet uncooked meringue is no good). If it is too moist the cookies will collapse when they cool.
To avoid hollows: aim for slightly overcooking the cookies, rather than under cooking them. Yes, this means your cookies might cool a little crisper than you like your macarons, but bear with me.
This is how the pros make their macarons. Do you think they magically produce perfect macarons straight from the oven? Heck no. They mature them. They cook the shells enough to set the interior and then remove any lingering crispness through the power of osmosis.
Hermé points out an interesting aspect of his macaroons that seems to challenge the basics of most pastry teaching - freshness. "As soon as they're made they're not ready to eat, but they're really at their best after 24 or even 48 hours," he says. "An osmosis takes place between the garnish and the biscuit. When freshly baked this is hard and crisp, but it absorbs some humidity from the filling and its inside becomes more tender while the crust on the surface stays intact." Masterclass: Macarons (link)(I love that Pierre used the scientific term to identify what is happening. )
This is exactly why professional bakeries lightly spray the bottom of their shells with a syrup that matches the flavor of the macron. The syrup isn't just for flavor, it restores moisture to the shell and speeds the cookies maturation. The syrup, along with the moisture of the filling, melds with the macron cookie and 1-3 days later the texture is marvelous.
This is why maturation is so important and how professionals turn consistent tray, after tray, of these temperamental cookies.
If you're aiming to bake a cookie that is ready to eat later the same day, you can do it with practice, but you're going to have your work cut out for you. It is difficult and takes a lot of familiarity with baking these cookies, you're riding a very fine line between not done/done/overdone. I bake so many macarons a month that I can do it just by snatching a cookie from the oven, breaking it open and judging the inside.
Do you know what all that trouble for perfect cookies saves me? A few hours of maturation. That's it. And you know what, those beautiful, fresh from the oven macarons are not even "perfect" yet. Maturation is what makes macarons perfect. The maturation process melds the flavor of the filling with the shell, balancing the sweetness, adjusting the texture and making the cookie plain delicious. As skilled as you may become in your macaron baking, your cookies will always be better after maturation.
What if you over do it? Really over-bake the cookies?
Well, I impulsively decided to over-bake a batch of my macarons to test this, giving them an extra 3-4 minutes in the oven. Enough to make them crisp like savoiardi biscuits.
Peanut Macarons with Salted Caramel Peanut Filling |
That was one tasty bite. The delicate shell gave way with a slight crackle to a soft interior that melted in your mouth. It was perfect. It just took a few days maturation. |
So that's my final word on how to fix your macarons if you're having trouble with hollows. Err on the side of slightly over baking the cookies to ensure the insides are set and then mature the cookies to give them the proper texture. If it's good enough for Hermé, it's good enough for me.
Now onto that troubleshooting guide I promised:
My almond meal seems too moist/wet
- Place it in a warm (not hot) oven, spread the meal thin on a pan and allow to dry out over several hours.
My almond meal has seed coat in it
- If the meal is finely ground, seed coat is fine, it just produces speckled macarons. The peanut macarons above are made with such a macaron meal.
My meringue is grainy
- Meringue is over beaten and broken. Try beating it on medium-low speed and checking often to ensure you don't push your meringue too far. There is no rush here, this isn't a race to make the fastest meringue.
My meringue is a loose foam, it won't come to a firm meringue
- Not beating the mixture long enough.
- Beating in a plastic bowl.
- Beating in a bowl that isn't impeccably clean.
- Trace of yolk in the whites.
My macaron batter appears too thick
- Under-mixed
- Incorrect measurements of ingredients
My macaron batter appears too thin
- Over-mixed
- Poorly beaten or broken meringue
- Incorrect measurements of ingredients
My macaron tops are splotchy
- Inadequately beaten meringue
- Over mixed batter
My macaron tops are lumpy (grainy)
- Almond meal too coarse. Grind the almond meal into a fine powder or sift out the larger particles.
- Under mixed (fine texture)
- Broken meringue (sandy texture)
My macaron tops are lumpy (wavy, like rumpled wax-paper)
- Over-mixed batter
- Under-beaten meringue
- Cooked at too low a temperature
- Not rested long enough
- Under-cooked
- Not taping the pan on the counter before resting
- Not popping air bubbles with a tooth-pick before resting
My macarons tops have peaks that don't settle down (even if I tap the pan)
- Under-mixed
- Incorrect measurements of ingredients
- Not sifting the dry ingredients thoroughly before adding them to the meringue
- Warped baking pans or using thin pans that buckle in the heat
- Resting the pans on a surface that isn't level
- Strong heat from the bottom of the oven
- Oven too hot or has hot spots
- Using Fan-forced heat
- Cooked on silicone baking mat
- Over-mixed
- Cooked too hot
- Poor or broken meringue
- Under-mixing
- Resting too long
- Poor, under-beaten or broken meringue
- Cooked at too low a temperature
- Not using a piping bag and tip
- Not piping straight down onto the pan
- Reusing parchment
- Using wrinkled parchment
- Using warped pans
- This is normal. The feet will shrink a little coming out of the oven. The shrinkage is more pronounced on silicone baking mats than on parchment, in my experience.
- Under-cooked
- Baked too hot or too cool
- Prying the delicate cookies off with your meaty fists
- Baking the cookies on something other than the recommended silicone baking mats or baking parchment, like aluminum foil (NO!)
Allow the cookies to cool on the parchment or silpat, or pop them into the freezer for a few minutes and they should be easier to remove.
My macarons are completely hollow. (Low profile shells. Interior is gummy and pooled in the bottom of the shell.)
- Over-mixed and under-cooked.
- Baked too hot and for too brief a time. Insides never set and collapsed when cool
- Under-cooked
- Over-beating the meringue to stiff, dry peaks
- Under-mixed, too much air left in the batter
- Slightly under-cooked
- Under-cooked
- Cooked at too low a temperature
- Over-mixed
- Meringue under beaten
- Broken meringue
- Under-beaten meringue
- Cooked too long
- Cooked on too high of an oven rack
- Strong heat from the top of the oven
- Top element of the oven turning on (shield the cookies by placing an empty pan on a top rack)
- Cooked too long
- Cookies rise rapidly due to strong heat from the bottom of the oven. (Double stack the pans)
- Cookies were not adequately rested before baking.
- Cooked on too low of an oven rack
- Under-beaten meringue (may also be puffy and lack feet)
- Batter under-mixed (too much air in batter)
- Under mixed
- Inaccurate ingredient ratios (often too much egg)
- Used superfine rather than powdered sugar
- You need to fill and mature the cookies. They will be ready to eat in 24-72 hours
- Cookies left in the oven for far too long