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The first step to learning about life insurance, is understanding it's necessity and importance. Life insurance is essential for a number of different reasons. It is a financial instrument that allows you to protect your family and loved ones when you're gone.
Life insurance products for groups are different from life insurance sold to individuals. The information below focuses on life insurance sold to individuals.
Term Insurance is the simplest form of life insurance. It pays only if death occurs during the term of the policy, which is usually from one to 30 years. Most term policies have no other benefit provisions.
There are two basic types of term life insurance policies—level term and decreasing term.
In the case of traditional whole life, both the death benefit and the premium are designed to stay the same (level) throughout the life of the policy. The cost per $1,000 of benefit increases as the insured person ages, and it obviously gets very high when the insured lives to 80 and beyond. The insurance company could charge a premium that increases each year, but that would make it very hard for most people to afford life insurance at advanced ages. So the company keeps the premium level by charging a premium that, in the early years, is higher than what's needed to pay claims, investing that money, and then using it to supplement the level premium to help pay the cost of life insurance for older people.
By law, when these "overpayments" reach a certain amount, they must be available to the policyholder as a cash value if he or she decides not to continue with the original plan. The cash value is an alternative, not an additional, benefit under the policy.
Let GlobalGreen Insurance Agency® help you choose a policy that will fit your individual needs. Protecting your assets, whether personal, business, or both, is our goal. A well-chosen policy can lessen the impact of some of life's most common, yet unforeseen perils. We're here to help when you are considering Life Insurance.


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I'm back with another review and giveaway! I was contacted by Jaguar Luxury Cosmetics to take a look at their new cosmetic line. This is actually a company that specializes in extensions and hair pieces...but they've branched out into cosmetics. Of course I'm always willing to try out new brands to find the latest and greatest.
Click here to check out my review and giveaway!
I had quite a few items to test out, so I broke them up into categories:
Lipglosses $12, member price $5
These glosses come in squeeze tube applicators with a slant tip. I actually prefer this style for my kit because it's easy to dispense product onto palettes for use on my clients. They gave me a nice range of colors. Not sticky at all...actually extremely moisturizing. They kind of went on like OCC Lip Tars (not quite as opaque though) but they don't leave your lips dry. Upon testing, I noticed they have a sweet taste...not too overwhelming, just a little bit surprising. I was actually really impressed with these. The color is very buildable and you can actually get opacity from these products as opposed to many brands which are sometimes frustratingly sheer. I used the red gloss and gold gloss pictured below in two recent shoots and they turned out great! I also rocked the pink in my last Sigma Makeup look featuring the Fun Colors kit.
Here's a pic of me wearing the Red lipgloss in my Drag Makeup Tutorial.
Here's a Shot of the Red Lipgloss I used on a model
Here's a Shot of the Gold Lipgloss I used on another model.
Would I Recommend? Definitely! Especially for lip lining.
Eyelash Curler
When I first saw this eyelash curler, the style reminded me of the one from E.L.F. The handles have a type of flat surface which make them easy to squeeze. They have it packaged super cute in their logo and colors. When I tried the lash curler, however, I noticed that the curve of the lash curler does not fit well into my eye shape and as a result I can't reach any of my itty bitty lash curlers. I think this would work for those with normal size lashes, but might be an issue with super short lashes.
Double-Tipped Applicators
I was actually surprised that the brand carried their own double ended applicators. Again, they packaged them nicely with their colors and logo. They're much like q-tips but they have a pointed end on one side. The applicator is not too flimsy but not super sturdy either...it's right in the middle. I absolutely love using these for cleaning up the end of winged liner and getting the perfect point. Also, they're perfect for my newest way of applying false lashes. Apply a bit of glue onto the applicator and dab onto your lashline, let dry for a few seconds, and then pop your lashes on. This is such a fool proof way of applying falsies without getting glue everywhere. The pointed tip of these applicators are perfect for it!
The items are sold at retail price unless you sign up for a membership for daily discounts of up to 40-50 percent. Membership is free!
You can check out these products at http://www.jaguarluxurycosmetics.com/. I was actually impressed that this company originally known for hair, has created a very nice makeup line. I think my favorites of everything I reviewed are the lipglosses. The official site for their cosmetics line was March 1st, 2010. I just checked and noticed that the site might not be completely updated yet, so stay tuned for more web developments.
Giveaway Alert!
Here's how to win:
Follow this blog. - Leave a comment telling me why you'd like to win.
- I will select a winner at random and announce it at the end of the week.
- Contest applies to US residents only.
FTC Disclosure: Products were sent from company for review. I am not affiliated with the company and not paid to write the review. These are my honest thoughts.
Atlanta Makeup Artist

subset: commoncrawl


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Manufactured Homes at cut-rate prices in Michigan
Michigan has always had a special spot here at Home Nation. While we were founded and based out of Goshen, Indiana, our headquarters are not more than 15 minutes from the Michigan border.
This close proximity allows us to sell mobile homes into Michigan at the same factory-direct pricing you've come to expect at Home Nation. Although we haven't sent any homes to the upper peninsula yet,
we are happy to service any and all of our customers with their mobile homes in Michigan.
Being right across the border, we are able to offer regional pricing to Michigan that simply cannot be beat.
Although our manufacturer is based in Ohio, the drive is quite short. By buying your next manufactured house from us you'll be able to take advantage of very low cost shipping. And remember, we don't charge
anything for shipping! We simply forward you what our mobile home transporters send us. This is just another way Home Nation is able to offer bargain-basket prices on the best selling mobile homes and newest
mobile home decor.
Are you ready to settle into your new home? We really hope so, because we're ready to help you find the perfect combination of options. We know that every customer is different, which is why we have multiple options.
Wait, multiple options? We actually have more than that, we have multiple mobile home manufacturers as well. When you do the math, we can offer you literally tens of thousands of different options for your new manufactured house.
Whoever said mobile homes weren't customizable was wrong, frankly. Being built in a tightly controlled, highly mechanized factory, our mobile homes are built with precision and speed. But we don't just mean speed in the building process,
we also mean speed in style.
Our mobile homes come with the latest trends in home ownership: rustic looking farmers sinks, USB charging ports built into each receptacle, beautifully styled kitchen islands to have a meal with family, desks
built into the hallway allowing your kids to study, mobile home jacuzzi tubs, barn doors over the master bedroom, the list goes on (and on and on). We realize buiding the right home for your tastes can be challenging (option overload!) which is
why we have customer service representatives that can walk you through the process. Not only does our website show what each mobile home option looks like, but our staff will happily walk you through the form itself. All you have to do is call us to
get the latest deals on what are surprisingly trendy mobile homes.
Come home to this beautiful 3 bedroom/2 bath double wide home everyday! This 3/2 large 1840 square foot manufactured home provides ample space to work, live and play in....
View HomeFor exceptional living at an affordable price, this beautiful double wide home is a fantastic option. This huge, 4 bedroom/3 bath 2330 square foot manufactured home offe...
View HomeAlso available as the Royal XL 32x56 Pictures show the home with drywall, the Double Wide version comes with wallboard, not drywall....
View HomeSmile from ear to ear for years with cheer with this bright 3/2 double wide home that has a cute front porch. This 3 bedroom/2 bath 1493 square foot manufactured home de...
View HomeCall Us
Home Nation offers both new and used double wides. The right choice for you will largely depend on what're looking for and your budget. If youre on a mobile home search, the search ends now. While buying a used double wide can often be very cost-effective, know that you may be able to afford a brand new model when shopping with Home Nation. In addition, we offer financing options to help you get a loan from the bank, so your dream home could be within reach!
How does Home Nation help the process?
Buying a new home is a complicated process, with countless hours spent pulling permits by calling your county or city, trying to organize a disparate group of contractors to set up your site, and getting it all scheduled on time in order to receive your home. Needless to say, it is incredibly tedious! At Home Nation, we want to make this process as easy as possible. We understand that not everyone has the time to basically organize a small army to get into their new home. We offer Project Coordination for your new home, where we handle the bulk of the work for a nominal fee. Understanding local jurisdictions building code is not very fun, but we can pull any permits you need for your project. Getting your foundation poured to the exact dimensions of your home, getting it plumbed, and miscellaneous things like installing a septic system can be a real headache. Not only would you have to coordinate them, you also have to schedule when they come and make sure they get paid. We handle all of this as well. Really, all thats left for you is to select your options, select your decor, and wait while we build your home!
Another reason to go with Home Nation, is that we can find you financing for your prefab home. Most manufactured home dealers won't do this, instead leaving you to fund it yourself. We work closely with several lenders, and can make that process much easier. Just fill out the form on our Financing Page to see if you're eligible for one of our very competitive loans. If you're looking for mobile homes in MI, getting your home funded shouldn't be the obstacle between you and a new home, we can often finance our buyers, even with low credit scores.
If you're located in Michigan, and need a local lender for manufactured homes in MI, we can help you out. Contact us today to find the perfect lender, and get you payments you can work with.


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The New Fitzwilliam Museum. Drawn by F. Mackenzie; steel engraving by J. Le Keuk. From Thomas D. Atkinson. Cambridge described and illustrated: being a short history of the Town and University. Macmillan, 1897. [Modern views]
Scanned image and text by John van Wyhe. Formatting by George P. Landow. [You may use these images without prior permission for any scholarly or educational purpose as long as you (1) credit the photographer and (2) link your document to this URL in a web document or cite the Victorian Web in a print one.]
Last modified 28 July 2008


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View updated prices of String Lights in India as on 18 June 2024. The Price List includes a total of 110 String Lights for online shopping. Find lowest prices in India along with product specifications, key features, pictures, ratings & more. Popular products in this category are XERGY Multicoloured USB 17-key-5V 5050 RGB LED Flexible Strip light- 2meter , XERGY Multicoloured USB Powerd LED string light- 10 meter , XERGY Multi-Coloured LED Strip Lights Smart Wi-Fi Control With IR Remote , XERGY Multicoloured Solar Powered String Light 120 led - 12 meter , . Lowest prices are obtained from all major online stores like Flipkart, Amazon, Myntra, TataCliq for an easy price comparison.
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In the 1950s and early 1960s, the Cold War was commonly said to have partially plunged "into the shadows" as a secret, off-the-grid, spy-versus-spy conflict fought between the planet's two superpowers. No one caught this mood better than John le Carré in his famed Smiley novels which offered a riveting portrait of Soviet, British, and American spies locked in mortal combat, yet with more in common with each other than with either of their aboveground societies. So many decades later, with the Soviet Union long gone, it's strange to discover that, in the case of the United States at least, those "shadows" have only lengthened. Increasingly, as the Iraq War fades into history (and out of memory) and the Afghan War winds down, the American way of war itself is being drawn into those shadows.
Admittedly, since World War II, control over war who to fight, when to wage it, and how to fight it has been on a migratory path into the White House and the national security bureaucracy, leaving Congress and the American people out in the cold. In the last decade, however, a high-tech, privatized, covert version of war has become presidential property, fought at the White House's behest by robots, warrior corporations, and two presidentially controlled "private" forces (a paramilitarized CIA and the Joint Special Operations Command). With this transformation has gone a series of decisions that have plunged American-style war ever further into darkness. In the last few years, for instance, two presidents, enveloped in a penumbra of secrecy and without the knowledge of the American people or possibly much of Congress, deployed the latest in experimental weaponry weapons that could someday unravel our world in the first cyberwar in history. They wielded what someday will undoubtedly be reclassified as weapons of mass destruction against Iran, paving the way for future global cyberwars which could devastate this country.
In the same years, the same two presidents took control of another new form of conflict, drone warfare. Across the Greater Middle East and northern Africa, they launched massive, high-tech campaigns of assassination ("targeted killings") that may have no equivalent in history. These have involved hundreds of air strikes and thousands of casualties. Enfolded in secrecy, a complex, increasingly codified panoply of national security processes (including "terror Tuesday" meetings to decide just who to kill), the president has turned himself into our first assassin-in-chief.
As the Washington Post recently reported in a three-part series, he has also overseen a process by which ad hoc killing has morphed into a codified, bureaucratic, normalized killing machine deeply embedded in the White House, a "disposal matrix" or "kill list" that will be handed off to future presidents in a "war" (once known as the Global War on Terror) with at least "a decade" to go and possibly no end in sight. In a language that used to be left to Hollywood's version of the Mafia, the White House, as judge, jury, and executioner, now regularly puts out hits around the world, while discussing "the designation of who should pull the trigger when a killing is warranted."
In one Post piece focused on Camp Lemonnier in Djibouti as the key base for presidential war in Africa, a detail caught my eye. It seemed to capture the ever-darkening nature of this war-making moment. Speaking of the hundreds of elite special operations forces there, Craig Whitlock wrote, "Most of the commandos work incognito, concealing their names even from conventional troops on the base." Put another way, this new form of warfare is far enough into the shadows that the names of a major part of the U.S. military, tens of thousands of elite troops whose command has just gotten its own "secret targeting center" in Washington 15 minutes from the White House, can't even be known to other U.S. military personnel who work with them.
Imagine, then, what our world might be like once future techno-versions of presidential war now being developed come online. What will it mean when, in the third decade of this century, in pursuit of the same Global War on Terror, drone war has morphed into a "triple canopy space shield" and "robotic information system," as described today in chilling detail by Alfred McCoy, TomDispatch regular and lead author of the new book Endless Empire: Spain's Retreat, Europe's Eclipse, America's Decline? Imagine when, from outer space to the spreading Camp Lemonniers of planet Earth, the White House can make secret war in a myriad of high-tech and robotic ways without even a nod to you and me. By then, in at least one possible future, our whole world may lie in those shadows. ~ Tom
Beyond Bayonets
and Battleships
Space Warfare and the Future of U.S. Global Power
By Alfred W. McCoy
It's 2025 and an American "triple canopy" of advanced surveillance and armed drones fills the heavens from the lower- to the exo-atmosphere. A wonder of the modern age, it can deliver its weaponry anywhere on the planet with staggering speed, knock out an enemy's satellite communications system, or follow individuals biometrically for great distances. Along with the country's advanced cyberwar capacity, it's also the most sophisticated militarized information system ever created and an insurance policy for U.S. global dominion deep into the twenty-first century. It's the future as the Pentagon imagines it; it's under development; and Americans know nothing about it.
They are still operating in another age. "Our Navy is smaller now than at any time since 1917," complained Republican candidate Mitt Romney during the last presidential debate.
With words of withering mockery, President Obama shot back: "Well, Governor, we also have fewer horses and bayonets, because the nature of our military's changed… the question is not a game of Battleship, where we're counting ships. It's what are our capabilities."
Obama later offered just a hint of what those capabilities might be: "What I did was work with our joint chiefs of staff to think about, what are we going to need in the future to make sure that we are safe?… We need to be thinking about cyber security. We need to be talking about space."
Amid all the post-debate media chatter, however, not a single commentator seemed to have a clue when it came to the profound strategic changes encoded in the president's sparse words. Yet for the past four years, working in silence and secrecy, the Obama administration has presided over a technological revolution in defense planning, moving the nation far beyond bayonets and battleships to cyberwarfare and the full-scale weaponization of space. In the face of waning economic influence, this bold new breakthrough in what's called "information warfare" may prove significantly responsible should U.S. global dominion somehow continue far into the twenty-first century.
While the technological changes involved are nothing less than revolutionary, they have deep historical roots in a distinctive style of American global power. It's been evident from the moment this nation first stepped onto the world stage with its conquest of the Philippines in 1898. Over the span of a century, plunged into three Asian crucibles of counterinsurgency in the Philippines, Vietnam, and Afghanistan the U.S. military has repeatedly been pushed to the breaking point. It has repeatedly responded by fusing the nation's most advanced technologies into new information infrastructures of unprecedented power.
That military first created a manual information regime for Philippine pacification, then a computerized apparatus to fight communist guerrillas in Vietnam. Finally, during its decade-plus in Afghanistan (and its years in Iraq), the Pentagon has begun to fuse biometrics, cyberwarfare, and a potential future triple canopy aerospace shield into a robotic information regime that could produce a platform of unprecedented power for the exercise of global dominion or for future military disaster.
America's First Information Revolution
This distinctive U.S. system of imperial information gathering (and the surveillance and war-making practices that go with it) traces its origins to some brilliant American innovations in the management of textual, statistical, and visual data. Their sum was nothing less than a new information infrastructure with an unprecedented capacity for mass surveillance.
During two extraordinary decades, American inventions like Thomas Alva Edison's quadruplex telegraph (1874), Philo Remington's commercial typewriter (1874), Melvil Dewey's library decimal system (1876), and Herman Hollerith's patented punch card (1889) created synergies that led to the militarized application of America's first information revolution. To pacify a determined guerrilla resistance that persisted in the Philippines for a decade after 1898, the U.S. colonial regime unlike European empires with their cultural studies of "Oriental civilizations" used these advanced information technologies to amass detailed empirical data on Philippine society. In this way, they forged an Argus-eyed security apparatus that played a major role in crushing the Filipino nationalist movement. The resulting colonial policing and surveillance system would also leave a lasting institutional imprint on the emerging American state.
When the U.S. entered World War I in 1917, the "father of U.S. military intelligence" Colonel Ralph Van Deman drew upon security methods he had developed years before in the Philippines to found the Army's Military Intelligence Division. He recruited a staff that quickly grew from one (himself) to 1,700, deployed some 300,000 citizen-operatives to compile more than a million pages of surveillance reports on American citizens, and laid the foundations for a permanent domestic surveillance apparatus.
A version of this system rose to unparalleled success during World War II when Washington established the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) as the nation's first worldwide espionage agency. Among its nine branches, Research & Analysis recruited a staff of nearly 2,000 academics who amassed 300,000 photographs, a million maps, and three million file cards, which they deployed in an information system via "indexing, cross-indexing, and counter-indexing" to answer countless tactical questions.
Yet by early 1944, the OSS found itself, in the words of historian Robin Winks, "drowning under the flow of information." Many of the materials it had so carefully collected were left to molder in storage, unread and unprocessed. Despite its ambitious global reach, this first U.S. information regime, absent technological change, might well have collapsed under its own weight, slowing the flow of foreign intelligence that would prove so crucial for America's exercise of global dominion after World War II.
Computerizing Vietnam
Under the pressures of a never-ending war in Vietnam, those running the U.S. information infrastructure turned to computerized data management, launching a second American information regime. Powered by the most advanced IBM mainframe computers, the U.S. military compiled monthly tabulations of security in all of South Vietnam's 12,000 villages and filed the three million enemy documents its soldiers captured annually on giant reels of bar-coded film. At the same time, the CIA collated and computerized diverse data on the communist civilian infrastructure as part of its infamous Phoenix Program. This, in turn, became the basis for its systematic tortures and 41,000 "extra-judicial executions" (which, based on disinformation from petty local grudges and communist counterintelligence, killed many but failed to capture more than a handfull of top communist cadres).
Most ambitiously, the U.S. Air Force spent $800 million a year to lace southern Laos with a network of 20,000 acoustic, seismic, thermal, and ammonia-sensitive sensors to pinpoint Hanoi's truck convoys coming down the Ho Chi Minh Trail under a heavy jungle canopy. The information these provided was then gathered on computerized systems for the targeting of incessant bombing runs. After 100,000 North Vietnamese troops passed right through this electronic grid undetected with trucks, tanks, and heavy artillery to launch the Nguyen Hue Offensive in 1972, the U.S. Pacific Air Force pronounced this bold attempt to build an "electronic battlefield" an unqualified failure.
In this pressure cooker of what became history's largest air war, the Air Force also accelerated the transformation of a new information system that would rise to significance three decades later: the Firebee target drone. By war's end, it had morphed into an increasingly agile unmanned aircraft that would make 3,500 top-secret surveillance sorties over China, North Vietnam, and Laos. By 1972, the SC/TV drone, with a camera in its nose, was capable of flying 2,400 miles while navigating via a low-resolution television image.
On balance, all this computerized data helped foster the illusion that American "pacification" programs in the countryside were winning over the inhabitants of Vietnam's villages, and the delusion that the air war was successfully destroying North Vietnam's supply effort. Despite a dismal succession of short-term failures that helped deliver a soul-searing blow to American power, all this computerized data-gathering proved a seminal experiment, even if its advances would not become evident for another 30 years until the U.S. began creating a third robotic information regime.
The Global War on Terror
As it found itself at the edge of defeat in the attempted pacification of two complex societies, Afghanistan and Iraq, Washington responded in part by adapting new technologies of electronic surveillance, biometric identification, and drone warfare all of which are now melding into what may become an information regime far more powerful and destructive than anything that has come before.
After six years of a failing counterinsurgency effort in Iraq, the Pentagon discovered the power of biometric identification and electronic surveillance to pacify the country's sprawling cities. It then built a biometric database with more than a million Iraqi fingerprints and iris scans that U.S. patrols on the streets of Baghdad could access instantaneously by satellite link to a computer center in West Virginia.
When President Obama took office and launched his "surge," escalating the U.S. war effort in Afghanistan, that country became a new frontier for testing and perfecting such biometric databases, as well as for full-scale drone war in both that country and the Pakistani tribal borderlands, the latest wrinkle in a technowar already loosed by the Bush administration. This meant accelerating technological developments in drone warfare that had largely been suspended for two decades after the Vietnam War.
Launched as an experimental, unarmed surveillance aircraft in 1994, the Predator drone was first deployed in 2000 for combat surveillance under the CIA's "Operation Afghan Eyes." By 2011, the advanced MQ-9 Reaper drone, with "persistent hunter killer" capabilities, was heavily armed with missiles and bombs as well as sensors that could read disturbed dirt at 5,000 feet and track footprints back to enemy installations. Indicating the torrid pace of drone development, between 2004 and 2010 total flying time for all unmanned vehicles rose from just 71 hours to 250,000 hours.
By 2009, the Air Force and the CIA were already deploying a drone armada of at least 195 Predators and 28 Reapers inside Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan and it's only grown since. These collected and transmitted 16,000 hours of video daily, and from 2006-2012 fired hundreds of Hellfire missiles that killed an estimated 2,600 supposed insurgents inside Pakistan's tribal areas. Though the second-generation Reaper drones might seem stunningly sophisticated, one defense analyst has called them "very much Model T Fords." Beyond the battlefield, there are now some 7,000 drones in the U.S. armada of unmanned aircraft, including 800 larger missile-firing drones. By funding its own fleet of 35 drones and borrowing others from the Air Force, the CIA has moved beyond passive intelligence collection to build a permanent robotic paramilitary capacity.
In the same years, another form of information warfare came, quite literally, online. Over two administrations, there has been continuity in the development of a cyberwarfare capability at home and abroad. Starting in 2002, President George W. Bush illegally authorized the National Security Agency to scan countless millions of electronic messages with its top-secret "Pinwale" database. Similarly, the FBI started an Investigative Data Warehouse that, by 2009, held a billion individual records.
Under Presidents Bush and Obama, defensive digital surveillance has grown into an offensive "cyberwarfare" capacity, which has already been deployed against Iran in history's first significant cyberwar. In 2009, the Pentagon formed U.S. Cyber Command (CYBERCOM), with headquarters at Ft. Meade, Maryland, and a cyberwarfare center at Lackland Air Base in Texas, staffed by 7,000 Air Force employees. Two years later, it declared cyberspace an "operational domain" like air, land, or sea, and began putting its energy into developing a cadre of cyber-warriors capable of launching offensive operations, such as a variety of attacks on the computerized centrifuges in Iran's nuclear facilities and Middle Eastern banks handling Iranian money.
A Robotic Information Regime
As with the Philippine Insurrection and the Vietnam War, the occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan have served as the catalyst for a new information regime, fusing aerospace, cyberspace, biometrics, and robotics into an apparatus of potentially unprecedented power. In 2012, after years of ground warfare in both countries and the continuous expansion of the Pentagon budget, the Obama administration announced a leaner future defense strategy. It included a 14% cut in future infantry strength to be compensated for by an increased emphasis on investments in the dominions of outer space and cyberspace, particularly in what the administration calls "critical space-based capabilities."
By 2020, this new defense architecture should theoretically be able to integrate space, cyberspace, and terrestrial combat through robotics for so the claims go the delivery of seamless information for lethal action. Significantly, both space and cyberspace are new, unregulated domains of military conflict, largely beyond international law. And Washington hopes to use both, without limitation, as Archimedean levers to exercise new forms of global dominion far into the twenty-first century, just as the British Empire once ruled from the seas and the Cold War American imperium exercised its global reach via airpower.
As Washington seeks to surveil the globe from space, the world might well ask: Just how high is national sovereignty? Absent any international agreement about the vertical extent of sovereign airspace (since a conference on international air law, convened in Paris in 1910, failed), some puckish Pentagon lawyer might reply: only as high as you can enforce it. And Washington has filled this legal void with a secret executive matrix operated by the CIA and the clandestine Special Operations Command that assigns names arbitrarily, without any judicial oversight, to a classified "kill list" that means silent, sudden death from the sky for terror suspects across the Muslim world.
Although U.S. plans for space warfare remain highly classified, it is possible to assemble the pieces of this aerospace puzzle by trolling the Pentagon's websites, and finding many of the key components in technical descriptions at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). As early as 2020, the Pentagon hopes to patrol the entire globe ceaselessly, relentlessly via a triple canopy space shield reaching from stratosphere to exosphere, driven by drones armed with agile missiles, linked by a resilient modular satellite system, monitored through a telescopic panopticon, and operated by robotic controls.
At the lowest tier of this emerging U.S. aerospace shield, within striking distance of Earth in the lower stratosphere, the Pentagon is building an armada of 99 Global Hawk drones equipped with high-resolution cameras capable of surveilling all terrain within a 100-mile radius, electronic sensors to intercept communications, efficient engines for continuous 24-hour flights, and eventually Triple Terminator missiles to destroy targets below. By late 2011, the Air Force and the CIA had already ringed the Eurasian land mass with a network of 60 bases for drones armed with Hellfire missiles and GBU-30 bombs, allowing air strikes against targets just about anywhere in Europe, Africa, or Asia.
The sophistication of the technology at this level was exposed in December 2011 when one of the CIA's RQ-170 Sentinels came down in Iran. Revealed was a bat-winged drone equipped with radar-evading stealth capacity, active electronically scanned array radar, and advanced optics "that allow operators to positively identify terror suspects from tens of thousands of feet in the air."
If things go according to plan, in this same lower tier at altitudes up to 12 miles unmanned aircraft such as the "Vulture," with solar panels covering its massive 400-foot wingspan, will be patrolling the globe ceaselessly for up to five years at a time with sensors for "unblinking" surveillance, and possibly missiles for lethal strikes. Establishing the viability of this new technology, NASA's solar-powered aircraft Pathfinder, with a 100-foot wingspan, reached an altitude of 71,500 feet altitude in 1997, and its fourth-generation successor the "Helios" flew at 97,000 feet with a 247-foot wingspan in 2001, two miles higher than any previous aircraft.
For the next tier above the Earth, in the upper stratosphere, DARPA and the Air Force are collaborating in the development of the Falcon Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle. Flying at an altitude of 20 miles, it is expected to "deliver 12,000 pounds of payload at a distance of 9,000 nautical miles from the continental United States in less than two hours." Although the first test launches in April 2010 and August 2011 crashed midflight, they did reach an amazing 13,000 miles per hour, 22 times the speed of sound, and sent back "unique data" that should help resolve remaining aerodynamic problems.
At the outer level of this triple-tier aerospace canopy, the age of space warfare dawned in April 2010 when the Pentagon quietly launched the X-37B space drone, an unmanned craft just 29 feet long, into an orbit 250 miles above the Earth. By the time its second prototype landed at Vandenberg Air Force Base in June 2012 after a 15-month flight, this classified mission represented a successful test of "robotically controlled reusable spacecraft" and established the viability of unmanned space drones in the exosphere.
At this apex of the triple canopy, 200 miles above Earth where the space drones will soon roam, orbital satellites are the prime targets, a vulnerability that became obvious in 2007 when China used a ground-to-air missile to shoot down one of its own satellites. In response, the Pentagon is now developing the F-6 satellite system that will "decompose a large monolithic spacecraft into a group of wirelessly linked elements, or nodes [that increases] resistance to… a bad part breaking or an adversary attacking." And keep in mind that the X-37B has a capacious cargo bay to carry missiles or future laser weaponry to knock out enemy satellites in other words, the potential capability to cripple the communications of a future military rival like China, which will have its own global satellite system operational by 2020.
Ultimately, the impact of this third information regime will be shaped by the ability of the U.S. military to integrate its array of global aerospace weaponry into a robotic command structure that would be capable of coordinating operations across all combat domains: space, cyberspace, sky, sea, and land. To manage the surging torrent of information within this delicately balanced triple canopy, the system would, in the end, have to become self-maintaining through "robotic manipulator technologies," such as the Pentagon's FREND system that someday could potentially deliver fuel, provide repairs, or reposition satellites.
For a new global optic, DARPA is building the wide-angle Space Surveillance Telescope (SST), which could be sited at bases ringing the globe for a quantum leap in "space surveillance." The system would allow future space warriors to see the whole sky wrapped around the entire planet while seated before a single screen, making it possible to track every object in Earth orbit.
Operation of this complex worldwide apparatus will require, as one DARPA official explained in 2007, "an integrated collection of space surveillance systems an architecture that is leak-proof." Thus, by 2010, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency had 16,000 employees, a $5 billion budget, and a massive $2 billion headquarters at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, with 8,500 staffers wrapped in electronic security all aimed at coordinating the flood of surveillance data pouring in from Predators, Reapers, U-2 spy planes, Global Hawks, X-37B space drones, Google Earth, Space Surveillance Telescopes, and orbiting satellites. By 2020 or thereafter such a complex techno-system is unlikely to respect schedules this triple canopy should be able to atomize a single "terrorist" with a missile strike after tracking his eyeball, facial image, or heat signature for hundreds of miles through field and favela, or blind an entire army by knocking out all ground communications, avionics, and naval navigation.
Technological Dominion or Techno-Disaster?
Peering into the future, a still uncertain balance of forces offers two competing scenarios for the continuation of U.S. global power. If all or much goes according to plan, sometime in the third decade of this century the Pentagon will complete a comprehensive global surveillance system for Earth, sky, and space using robotics to coordinate a veritable flood of data from biometric street-level monitoring, cyber-data mining, a worldwide network of Space Surveillance Telescopes, and triple canopy aeronautic patrols. Through agile data management of exceptional power, this system might allow the United States a veto of global lethality, an equalizer for any further loss of economic strength.
However, as in Vietnam, history offers some pessimistic parallels when it comes to the U.S. preserving its global hegemony by militarized technology alone. Even if this robotic information regime could somehow check China's growing military power, the U.S. might still have the same chance of controlling wider geopolitical forces with aerospace technology as the Third Reich had of winning World War II with its "super weapons" V-2 rockets that rained death on London and Messerschmitt Me-262 jets that blasted allied bombers from Europe's skies. Complicating the future further, the illusion of information omniscience might incline Washington to more military misadventures akin to Vietnam or Iraq, creating the possibility of yet more expensive, draining conflicts, from Iran to the South China Sea.
If the future of America's world power is shaped by actual events rather than long-term economic trends, then its fate might well be determined by which comes first in this century-long cycle: military debacle from the illusion of technological mastery, or a new technological regime powerful enough to perpetuate U.S. global dominion.
This article originally appeared at TomDispatch.com. To stay on top of important articles like these, sign up to receive the latest updates from TomDispatch.com.
Alfred W. McCoy is the J.R.W. Smail Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. A TomDispatch regular, he is the lead author of Endless Empire: Spain's Retreat, Europe's Eclipse, America's Decline (University of Wisconsin, 2012), which is the source for much of the material in this essay.


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The Economic Whodunit
The policy mystery of our time is why politicians in the United States and across much of the democratic world are so obsessed with deficits when their primary mission ought to be bringing down high and debilitating rates of unemployment.The policy mystery of our time is why politicians in the United States and across much of the democratic world are so obsessed with deficits when their primary mission ought to be bringing down high and debilitating rates of unemployment.
And since last week saw a cross-party celebration of the opening of George W. Bush's presidential library, I'd add a second mystery: Why is it that conservative Republicans who freely cut taxes while backing two wars in the Bush years started preaching fire on deficits only after a Democrat entered the White House?
Here is a clue that helps unravel this whodunit: Many of the same conservatives who now say we have to cut Social Security to deal with the deficit supported Bush's plan to privatize Social Security — even though the transition would have added another $1 trillion to the deficit. The one thing the two positions have in common is that Bush's proposal would also have reduced guaranteed Social Security benefits.
In other words, deficits don't really matter to many of the ideological conservatives shouting so loud about them now. Their central goal is to hack away at government.
This goes to the larger argument about jobs and deficits. For a brief time after the Great Recession hit, governments around the world, including President Obama's administration, agreed that the immediate priority was restoring growth. Through deficit spending and other measures, the 20 leading economies agreed to pump about $5 trillion into the global economy.
Obama and Democrats in Congress enacted a substantial stimulus. The package should have been bigger, but Obama — thinking he would have another shot later at boosting the economy — kept its size down to win enough votes to get it through Congress.
The second chance didn't come because conservatives stoked anti-government deficit mania — and never mind that the deficit ballooned because of the downturn itself, the stimulus needed to reverse it, and those fiscally improvident Bush-era decisions.
Then along came academic economists to bless the anti-deficit fever with the authority of spreadsheets. In a 2010 paper cited over and over by pro-austerity politicians, Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff argued that when countries reached a debt level above 90 percent of their GDP, they almost always fell into slow growth or contraction.
Financial Times columnist Philip Stephens compactly takes the story from there: "The implication was that deep retrenchment was the only route back to prosperity. Now, economists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst say the results reflected a data 'coding error' and some questionable aggregation. The assumption that high debt always equals low growth is not sustained by the evidence."
While Reinhart and Rogoff acknowledged their error, they dismissed the controversy in a New York Times op-ed as an "academic kerfuffle" and insisted that their findings had often been "exaggerated or misrepresented" by, among others, politicians. (They also complained about the "hate-filled, even threatening, email messages" they received. I'd be happy to share my email with them. Friends, if you have the good fortune to be engaged in public debates, you get a lot of angry missives these days.)
The two economists would have added to their credibility by showing a bit more humility about their data problem. But the damage was done. Europe and the United States moved prematurely to austerity. Tens of millions of people have suffered from joblessness or lower real incomes. Reinhart and Rogoff didn't force these decisions, but they abetted them.
Now, through the sequester cuts, we are compounding the problem. It's outrageous that Congress and the administration are moving quickly to reduce the inconvenience to travelers — people fortunate enough to be able to buy plane tickets — by easing cuts in air traffic control while leaving the rest of the sequester in place. What about the harm being done to the economy as a whole? What about the sequester's injuries to those who face lower unemployment benefits, who need Meals on Wheels, or who attend Head Start programs?
Instead, we should be using this period of low interest rates to invest in our infrastructure. This would help relieve current unemployment while laying a foundation for long-term growth. But anti-government slogans trump smart-government policies. For reasons rooted in both ideology and the system's bias against the less privileged, we hear nothing but "deficits, deficits, deficits" and "cuts, cuts, cuts."
To paraphrase a French statesman from long ago, this is worse than a crime. This is a mistake. Its costs are being borne by good people who ask only for the chance to do productive work.
E.J. Dionne's e-mail address is ejdionne(at)washpost.com.
© 2013, Washington Post Writers Group
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Here is a look at Star Wars figures in Mandalorian armor. For figures from the Mandalorian Disney+ TV series have a look here please: The Mandalorian
Filter Applied: Show All Figures Figure Pictures: Front
We recommend getting your figures from Entertainment Earth. They have been in business for over 20 years, they have a mint guarantee and understand collector's needs. Many of the figures on J.B. came from EE (yes, we pay for figures just like you) and always had a great experience. It's definitely worth to look at Entertainment Earth's Star Wars section!


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Apparently, it's still winter here – after a week of 33ºC (91.4ºF) days, we've been having much colder ones.
I know that tomatoes are much tastier in the summer, but I would never be able to wait that long to make Pille's wonderful tart. Would you? :)
The only change I made was to use fresh oregano instead of thyme - just because I happen to grow it.
I used to have a hard time digesting garlic but is all in the past now: my friend Clarice told me to remove the central root off the garlic cloves before using them and it has worked like a charm.
Oh, and a little side note: remember my sake panna cotta? It was the most voted recipe on the event I made it for! Yay! :D
Roasted tomato and goat's cheese tart with fresh oregano
500g puff pastry, rolled
150g soft and creamy goat cheese*
4 teaspoons fresh oregano leaves
2 fresh garlic cloves, minced
500g ripe plum tomatoes
extra virgin olive oil
freshly ground black pepper
sea salt
Pre-heat the oven to 180ºC/350ºF.
Roll out the puff pastry to 30x40 cm rectangle and place on a slightly oiled baking sheet. Carefully score a line about 1 cm from the edge along the pastry, but do not cut through! This will help the filling to stay inside the pastry and the edges to puff up nicely.
Mix the goat cheese, minced garlic, oregano leaves, salt and pepper in a small bowl. Spread the mixture evenly on the puff pastry sheet (remaining inside the scored line).
Cut the tomatoes into 3-5mm slices and place nicely next to each other on top of the goat cheese. Sprinkle with sea salt and black pepper and drizzle some olive oil on top.
Bake for 45-50 minutes, until the pasty is golden and tomatoes have dried up a little.
Before serving, scatter some more oregano leaves on top. Cut into squares and serve.
* my cheese was a bit crumbly, so I added a bit of olive oil and mixed it all with a fork
Serves 6-8


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Is Blizzard failing to teach new players about talents?
Really now? New players cannot handle the idea of "I can do this or I can do this"? Perhaps that's true. Actually I'm certain it is. In the previous post I told a bit of how mixed up I was with talents at first. I don't know when I really understood the concept of using talents to support the playstyle/role I wanted. Maybe it wasn't until I read the forums more.
That implies a failure on the part of Blizzard. Or I'm just really stupid. I'll go with blaming someone else. Why are new players left so much on their own, stumbling in the dark, and frequently clueless about talents?
Getting back to me being stupid, I must admit that I've had tutorials and tips off for years, so for all I know at level 10 players get a summary of the use of talents and respeccing. I doubt it though, since if they did, players could be expected to understand talents and handle their 'complexity' before level 40.
I'd love to see some sort of tutorial quest line to teach players about talents. The trainers could send them off to learn some lore, tell exaggerated stories about each spec, and most importantly, help them understand what talents are. For DPS they would mostly be RP of sorts, emphasizing the flavor of each spec while for hybrids the quests would explain the roles and how talents relate to them.
I don't expect deep insight. If a new prot paladin can't pick between divine strength and divinity, that's really not so bad. But they should have the idea that their job is to distract enemies from the rest of the group and minimize the damage they take. How exactly to do that can be something to learn on their own.
Assasination: "Once, a rogue made his own poisons and understood them as well as his own weapons. Those times are past, but the path of the assassin still teaches the full potential of poisons; their power to sap an enemy's health, to slow the minds of casters, to even calm the furious rage of an enemy who knows that death approaches."
Combat: "Let the others slink in shadows and dabble in poisons; we are the ones who understand that ultimately, it is direct violence which solves problems. But do not mistake us for the unsubtle warriors; we still know how to not be seen."
Subtlety: "The best place to hide a dagger is in an enemy's back. The best place to hide the hand that holds it is in the shadow of stealth; the stalker unseen."
These are just summaries of what a full quest or series of quests would give. Ideally they would put each class in a slightly different situation which emphasizes the playstyle. Assassination would face an enemy which takes increased nature damage; combat would face an enemy with a lot of health but low damage; subtlety would face an enemy with low health but high damage. Each would be most successful when emphasizing poisons, steady damage, and burst damage from stealth, respectively.
Obviously at level 10 these won't do much, since one talent point hardly differentiates a spec. By 30 they are a bit more clear and certainly by 40. At whichever level it is, the player would be given temporary talents fitting each role and given the opportunity to try each. Then they'd get a free respec at the end so they could pick whichever role they felt was most suitable. Or perhaps two if they can afford dual spec. But really, I just want an excuse to reset the talents of that poor troll shaman who meleed as elemental almost until 60 because he was afraid of the trainer offering to unlearn his skills.
P.S. Let pre-40 shamans queues as tanks. All shamans deserve the opportunity to tank Scarlet Monastery like I did.
14 comments:
- Anonymous said...
Talents are too complex. They're poorly laid out and unless you are really knowledgeable about that class, you have no idea which ones to select initially.
Also, there should be NO respec cost. A player should be able to clear and redo his or her talents at any time. None of this 1 gold, then 5, etc. Dual Spec? How about Triple Spec, free with a quest at level 20.
It's retarded. Now, I know why it's set up this way. Some game designers still think that choices should have 'consequences' that are not easily corrected... these designers are idiots.
How the hell is some noob, who CANNOT AFFORD THE 1 GOLD TO RESPEC supposed to figure out which of the 6 to 8 first tier talents is the best for them to put point in? Clairvoyance? They sure can't use trial and error! They should be able to try them all, with no cost or consequence. - March 21, 2010 at 8:56 AM
- Leah said...
maybe make respeccs cost gold at 80, but make them free before you reach lvl cap? I think dual specs should not be free though and they really are more of an added convenience then anything else
- March 21, 2010 at 3:52 PM
- Anonymous said...
What rationale is there for charging for talent changes / not allowing multiple talent 'templates' (Which is all respeccing really does, plus more storage for glyphs)?
It's like... saying you can put on a piece of armor, but you can't take it off and put on another without paying a fee beyond the price of obtaining / configuring the piece. So choose wisely! How stupid would that be? Oh! And the fee goes up each time you change an armor piece.
Along that vein, what's the difference between changing your talent spec from Feral to Resto (As an example) and switching to your "Resto Armor set"
The one (Switching your armor around at will while not in combat) is accepted as obvious, while talent specs are treated as this "Oh! So special! You have to pay to switch this!" deal.
I posit that there is no real difference between the two except the failed design view that 'choices' must have 'consequences'.
Players should be ENCOURAGED to mess around with their talent spec, not penalized. - March 21, 2010 at 5:12 PM
- Anonymous said...
Frost Shock is awesome for Agro.. I Agree that there are huge gaps between the people who understand their talents, and those who don't - and it is because people have gone off looking for more information, but surely that is what makes the difference between a good player and a ok/player - thinking outside the manual.
- March 21, 2010 at 6:08 PM
- Klepsacovic said...
@Anonymous: It's tempting to describe as idiots those who have a different vision for a game. Try to avoid it though.
@Leah: Sooner than 80 perhaps, but to make them very cheap when a player could reasonably expected to have no clue is a decent idea.
@Anonymous: The devs have stated that they believe some choices should have consequences. I agree with this, but also agree that if we don't yet understand talents, we should not be punished.
@pugnaciouspriest: I'm reluctant to use words like good or bad in situations like this. The player who looks for more information may merely grab a cookie-cutter with no understanding or reasoning. In contrast a player who must figure things out on his own must develop an understanding. It may take longer, but I've found benefit from speccing 'blind' for a while, to learn what talents really are beneficial. - March 21, 2010 at 8:13 PM
- Quicksilver said...
People can read can't they? The talents have a good description attached to them.
Plus, prior to level 80 you really dont need the optimal spec to do a decent job. I mean sure, a dps paladin might start with putting 5 points into divine strenght, or a tank paladin to 5 points into the parry skill from retribution, or either one of them with the 5 points that increase seal damage in holy, but is that so bad?
i think its more important for new players to learn how to group up and their roles in a group, that will most likely increase the success of the run. - March 22, 2010 at 3:56 AM
- Micah said...
My biggest problem as a new player was the lack of ability to use trial and error. When you are new the talent text is about as clear as mud. I knew I couldn't experiment because if I messed up a couple times it would cost 10G and then 15G and up. I realize it isn't much if you have a max level alt, but when you are new that is a tremendous amount of gold. I just copied a spec from wowwiki which I'm sure hurt my understanding of the spec.
- March 22, 2010 at 12:16 PM
- Faeldray said...
I wonder if Blizzard expected the community as a whole to advice new players on their talents. Even with unlimited respecs, I imagine a new player wouldn't be much more informed as to whether a talent is "good" or not. I sure thought that a mount movement buff was awesome when I first began playing as a hunter. Not that I'm saying this is the best idea but that may have been the intention.
A clearer explanation of the different trees would certainly be nice, and perhaps a reduced cost or no cost for respeccing at lower levels or while in cities. If you consider those talents that buff abilities you don't even have yet at a low level, why would a newbie even consider picking those if he doesn't know the class?
Perhaps some sort of mentoring program is what WoW really needs... - March 22, 2010 at 4:21 PM
- Klepsacovic said...
@Okrane S.:They certainly can read them. But the talents do not exist in isolation. Imagine this: As a new player I decide that I don't like flash heal much. It just doesn't heal for much. Maybe I heard mention of the five second rule and don't like that flash heal requires so much spamming. So I look at my talents, and based on my belief that flash heal sucks (it sort of does, without talents), I ignore all the flash heal talents. I can easily confirm that flash heal sucks because it will.
Then there are the talents that help the group more than they help me, and so might not seem to be worth the points. If someone has mostly soloed to 60 or 80, are they going to have group utility at the front of their minds?
@Micah: You started off better than I did; I didn't even know of wowwiki!
@Faeldray: A mentoring program would be nice. I wonder if it would work, since let's face it, WoW doesn't have the nicest community. I'm not saying we're terrible people, but I don't know that I'd trust random people to help me learn. - March 22, 2010 at 5:25 PM
- Anonymous said...
I would also point out that there is a design inconsistancy, a huge one.
The PLAYER'S talents are considered sacrosanct... with the choices considered as 'consequences'... and hence the stepped cost to respec.
Then, there is Hunter Pets. You can change THOSE talents (In the same interface...) at will. With no cost.
There is no question that there are designers at Blizzard that think "Choices need consequences" and have blocked or prevented from even discussion... free changing of Player Talents. but have had no effect on Hunter Pet talents.
Hmm... Designer balkanization? Seperate camps, if you will?
I posit that the people blocking free player respecs are, in fact, doing so out of a misplaced sense of 'Cosmic Justice'. - March 22, 2010 at 10:17 PM
- Klepsacovic said...
@Anonymous: Pet talent changes still require a trainer. Why they are free, I cannot explain. Perhaps an oversight, perhaps GC was really enjoying his hunter alt that day.
- March 22, 2010 at 10:48 PM
- Tesh said...
Raph Koster's "theory of fun" suggests that fun involves experimentation where consequences are minimized. I believe that's not just fun, but the best way to learn.
With WoW talents in particular, the "consequences" are inherent in making the choice of talents. They directly affect combat. Players already deal with the consequences of their choices, why "double dip" and penalize them for trying to learn the system with respec fees?
Ultimately these fees are simply time sinks (time spent earning the money to pay for the change). Time sinks translate directly into sub money.
Talents and respeccing don't really change combat enough to alter playstyle significantly; the biggest "choice" in the game is class choice, and that's irrevocable. (Notably, another choice made with little to no information about what it means until it's too late. It's another time sink; by the time you know enough about whether class choice was right for you, you may need to grind up a new alt to get to where you were if you made a wrong choice.)
This is why I've argued strenuously before for totally free respecs, and even the ability to change classes. "Choices with consequences" as we see them in talent speccing and class choice are merely expensive time sinks with both time and monetary costs. They don't offer much in the way of education or expansion of player skills, socialization or cooperation, tactics or strategy. Their pace for experimentation is so slow, their feedback so miniscule and indirect, that they don't offer much for their cost. - March 23, 2010 at 11:10 AM
- Klepsacovic said...
@Tesh: I have to completely disagree with "Talents and respeccing don't really change combat enough to alter playstyle significantly". Let's ignore the hybrids and their different roles for each tree. I'll grant that DKs, as far as I can tell, use pretty much the same rotation, just different spell names. But a moonkin and kitty are quite different. Disc and holy priests don't play the same. Recently I tried a new spec on my rogue and was completely confused by it; it was too different. Clearly class is a bigger difference, but spec does change how we play.
The 50g respec cost might have been a consequence back when 50g meant something. That might have made us slow down and think, ask for advice, seek more information. Unfortunately at this point the 50g is enough to be annoying but not enough to change behavior. - March 24, 2010 at 9:56 AM
- Tesh said...
They don't change enough in the low to midlevels, then. Certainly, heavy specialization in Disc or Shadow for a Priest will change what they do, or Feral vs. Balance on a Druid, but the first dozen or even two dozen or so talent points don't add any new abilities, and typically modify existing abilities by a tiny amount.
In other words, players learning about talents really can ignore them without a big impact easily to level 30 or so.
Definitely, endgame speccing changes things a lot as the synergies build and unique abilities show up, I didn't mean to argue against that.
I didn't present myself well on that in the first place, sorry. - March 30, 2010 at 12:27 PM
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A proposed overhaul of the school district's high school equivalency and English language learner programs have left students and volunteers uneasy, despite repeated assurances from administration officials.
Early rumors of the changes sparked a backlash from residents worried the district planned cease adult education altogether, in turn prompting a quick response by Alexandria City Public Schools officials quelling the scuttlebutt.
But as details of the newly redesigned program trickle out, many remain concerned.
About 200 residents, many with pointed questions and remarks for Alexandria City Public Schools staff, gathered at William Ramsay Elementary School for a community meeting Thursday. They lobbied for the program's future, even after Madye Henson, deputy superintendent, and Gregory Hutchings, middle schools director, pledged adult education would continue, albeit not in its current form.
The program, which includes GED preparatory courses, testing and English as-a second-language classes, likely will move from its daytime location on South Quaker Lane, though officials aren't saying where it may end up. Evening classes will be held at T.C. Williams and Ramsay.
Other changes include transitioning students to online GED classes with a facilitator on hand to answer questions. Individuals unprepared to pursue their GED can take basic education classes.
Under Superintendent Morton Sherman's "flexible and extended" learning initiative, designed to boost graduation rates, struggling 16- to 22-years-old students once referred to the adult education program will be encouraged to return to T.C. Williams or one of several undetermined satellite campuses to receive a standard or advanced diploma.
As they realign the program, officials want to downsize their current staffing levels, going to just three full-time employees. Currently, the district has six positions dedicated to the program. Instead, they're adding funding for hourly, flexible employees.
All of the changes are designed to add seats, officials said.
"We're one of the most diverse cities in this area," Henson said. "We embrace the different cultures we have here. We wouldn't close a center and not offer [residents] those services."
Jo Ann Barnhart, spokeswoman for the recently formed Coalition to Save Our Schools, said ACPS is moving in the right direction but still falling short. Her group formed as rumors of the program's impending closure spread through the city.
The community meetings haven't alleviated Barnhart's concern that the proposal will create cracks through which students could slip. Online courses are no substitution for face-to-face teaching, she said.
"That doesn't work. The fact of the matter is [students] have many different levels of functioning ability coming into the GED classes," Barnhart said. For those younger people looking at those satellite centers, if you have a group of people all at the same level, you might be able to do something like that. But when you have the array of student levels that really doesn't work."
Like Barnhart, John Chapman of Alexandria's NAACP chapter, worries the changes will disproportionately affect minority students. He wants to see ACPS move back toward the traditional classroom.
"That GED program is the sticky point for us," Chapman said. "If you have adult learners coming back to school then they've had trouble — obviously — in school. They need someone to work one-on-one with them."
Getting students adjusted to an online curriculum works to their advantage, officials say, because Pearson and the American Council on Education will soon shift to computerized testing only. Randall Stamper, Virginia's adult education and literacy director, said Richmond recommends the hybrid approach: part computer, part classroom.
Just sending an adult student to the Internet rarely works, he said, but online courses allow for a student with a busy schedule to keep on top of coursework without classroom time. And, like ACPS officials, Stamper believes it may prepare students for the online test.
"Certainly, with the conversion to computer-based testing, one of our concerns is many of our [students] may not have computer skills," Stamper said. "We feel distance learning is a good way to familiarize students who might not otherwise have access to computers."


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Holy Cross Monastery (Castro Valley, California)
The clergy of the monastery previously served under the omophorion of Archbishop Kyrill, who shepherded the OCA's Diocese of Toledo, Ohio. Since the repose of Archbishop Kyrill during the summer of 2007, they now serve under the omophorion of Metropolitan Jonah, who serves as locum tenens of their diocese until a new hierarch is elected and installed. On July 5, 2009 Metropolitan Jonah celebrated a primatial Divine Liturgy at the monastery, at which time he ordained its Archdeacon Stephen to the holy priesthood and its Subdeacon Peter to the holy diaconate.
About the monastery
Holy Cross Monastery serves Orthodox Christians of all ethnic backgrounds and all cultural traditions. Services are predominantly celebrated in English, but are often also heard in Romanian, Slavonic (also known as Old Bulgarian), and Greek. Many Orthodox Christians with roots in Romania and Bulgaria regularly attend services at the monastery. Orthodox faithful of all backgrounds come here for weddings, baptisms, and other sacramental blessings. Elegant dining space and a covered portico are available for receptions. Spiritual day retreats have been held here by OCA churches, neighboring Greek Orthodox parishes, and by many other Orthodox groups.
Holy Cross Monastery thrives by the grace of God and through the hard work and professional employment of its monks. Although friends and supporters have given and continue to give donations to help further the fathers' holy work, the monastery is self-supporting. The monks have never sent out appeals for donations and have never even passed a collection plate in their monastery chapel. Whatever friends, supporters, and visitors have ever given of their own free will has been gratefully and humbly accepted and used for the greater glory of God by the monks.
The fathers do their utmost to make every visitor feel that their monastic dwelling is a spiritual home to anyone who comes to them for spiritual nourishment. Holy Cross Monastery exists as a haven of spiritual tranquility, tolerance, and kindness, not only for the local owls, wild turkeys, deer, foxes, and raccoons, but for all who come to partake of the monastery's peace and befriend the Fathers. The beauty and harmony of the monastery and its environs speak for themselves and speak to the soul and heart of anyone who loves God, humankind, and nature.
Holy Cross Monastery began with its abbot, Archimandrite Theodor. He always dreamed of founding a monastery one day for the greater glory of God. In 1965, while he was very young and after he had been ordained as a priest for just one year, his devout mother suddenly and unexpectedly fell asleep in the Lord. He was the only son of his parents, and his mother left her inheritance to him since she knew of his holy intention to build a monastery one day.
This legacy from his mother was the seed from which Holy Cross Monastery would one day take root, but it was not enough to acquire property suitable for a monastery. So he labored in the Lord's vineyard as a parish priest until he met his first disciple in 1970.
When he heard this young man talk about his interest in pursuing the monastic life, Archim. Theodor asked him if he would be interested in helping him build a monastery. "The days when emperors, tsars, or kings will build monasteries for us are past," he said. "If we want a monastery, we shall have to build one ourselves." It was then, in 1970, that they made their holy vow that one day, by the grace of God, they would build a monastery together dedicated to the Holy Cross.
It took the monks nine additional years to save enough money to buy property suitable for a monastery, and then, in 1979, with the blessing of their diocesan bishop, they purchased a rural estate that would eventually be consecrated as Holy Cross Monastery. The monks themselves have performed most of the labor that has transfigured this rustic property into a frontier of Paradise. They have also stacked every stone in their retaining walls and planted the trees in the cloister precincts. The majestic redwood trees that tower behind their cross shrine were planted by the fathers themselves from one-gallon cans in 1980, during the first summer following their acquisition of the monastery property.
In 2002, the fathers acquired an adjacent parcel of land and effectively doubled the size of the monastery.
Services at Holy Cross Monastery are usually conducted in the languages best understood by those worshiping with the fathers, who can conduct services in Romanian, Slavonic ("Old Bulgarian"), Greek, or English as the need arises.
- Saturday Evening
- 6:00 PM Great Vespers (The time for Great Vespers is subject to change, so please call beforehand.)
- Sunday Morning
- 10:00 AM Divine Liturgy
- (preceded at 9:30 AM by the recitation of the First and Third Hours)
- Services which are open to the general public are listed above.
- Other liturgical offices are reserved for the monks and may be attended by special arrangement.
Please respect the sacred solitude and quietude of the cloister and contact the Fathers before visiting at times other than Sunday mornings.
The monastery is located close to the San Francisco Bay Area; so it does not currently encourage overnight visitors, except for those pursuing a vocation in the monastic life.
External links
Categories > Church History
Categories > OrthodoxWiki > Articles in a series
Categories > Places > Monasteries
Categories > Places > Monasteries
Categories > Places > Monasteries > OCA Monasteries
Categories > Places > Orthodoxy by country > Orthodoxy in America > American Monasteries
Categories > Spirituality > Asceticism
Categories > Spirituality > Asceticism
Categories > Spirituality > Asceticism


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It's not just fraternity brothers who are guzzling one beer too many. Women and high school girls are equally likely to drink too much.
According to the latest survey from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 14 million U.S. women binge drink about three times a month, downing about six beverages per binge. The survey defined binge drinking as consuming five or more drinks in one sitting for men and four or more for women.
It's not unusual for young women ages 18 to 34, as well as high schoolers, to overindulge; 1 in 8 women and 1 in 5 high school girls report drinking to excess. But binge drinking accounts for about 23,000 deaths among women and girls in the U.S. each year.
(MORE: College Binge Drinking: How Bad Is the Problem Really?)
Long bouts of drinking typical of binges can lead to unpleasant, not to mention potentially dangerous, consequences for both men and women. In her award-winning photography project "Keg Stand Queens," photographer Amanda Berg documented her friends' drinking habits during parties at the Rochester Institute of Technology. The collection includes images of underage girls in sexually compromising positions, passed out on lawns and leaning over toilet seats.
"The project began a conversation for me on things that I was guilty of, perhaps uncomfortable with, but would still do," says Berg. "I think there is something inherent about the community [binge drinking] builds, and the way it lubricates an individuals' social interactions. While I was doing the project, my social life changed because I wasn't participating while I was taking photos, and it really made me separate from everyone else."
According to the latest CDC report, women who binge-drink may be putting themselves at increased risk for breast cancer, sexually transmitted diseases, heart disease and unintended pregnancy. Pregnant women who binge-drink expose their unborn child to a high risk of fetal-alcohol spectrum disorders and sudden-infant-death syndrome.
"If it is true there really is a modern increase [in female binge drinking], then I think there are specific things that women have to consider and people need to talk about, but I don't think that [only] women should be blamed for the negative side effects of it. But [those risks] should be on the table. There is almost a social taboo of bringing it up, and it is a little controversial, but I think people should get comfortable talking about it."
(MORE: Why College Binge Drinkers Are Happier, Have High Status)
In describing her work, Berg argues that the danger of binge drinking among women is that women's bodies, which are typically smaller than men's, cannot handle the same amounts of alcohol, so attempting to keep up can be dangerous. And when the worst does happen, she writes in her blog post about the project, there is a tendency to try to justify it:
After a night of excessive drinking sexual assault can be redefined as a "hook up." The loss of memory due to inebriation can proudly be termed "blacking out." Words like "apparently" preface the stories told of the prior night. With this, women abdicate responsibility and give themselves permission to repeat the same behavior.
(MORE: Study: College Men Who Post About Alcohol Have More Facebook Friends)
Although the CDC report does not speculate why women are binge drinking, Dr. David Jernigan, director of the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth, says that female-friendly alcohol-marketing strategies that emerged 10 years ago — including flavored vodkas, alcopops, Smirnoff Ice, Barcardi Silver and Mike's Hard Lemonade — may be playing a role.
"All of these were clearly oriented to women. The data showed these products were most popular among females of every age group and were most popular among young drinkers. Those of us involved in alcohol prevention called alcopops 'beer with training wheels,'" says Jernigan. "Women traditionally drank less than men — and still do — but there has been a very intentional effort to increase it, and this has started exposing young women to products and marketing at high rates. The numbers are not surprising to us and are of great concern."
(MORE: Study: Does Alcohol in Movies Drive Teens to Binge-Drink?)
The CDC researchers, however, are hopeful that the trend will reverse. "The good news is that the same scientifically proven strategies for communities and clinical settings that we know can prevent binge drinking in the overall population can also work to prevent binge drinking among women and girls," Dr. Robert Brewer of the alcohol program at CDC said in a statement.
Jernigan says tighter standards on alcohol marketing, higher alcohol taxes and reduced availability are some potential ways to decrease binge drinking. "There ought to be places the [alcohol] industry agrees not to advertise. They are very active in the digital space, and it's easy to gain access if you're underage. You might have to do some math to put in a birth date, but otherwise all you have to do to get in a website is click yes or no. It's not an effective deterrent," says Jernigan.
While the CDC researchers recognize that binge drinking is a problem for both genders, highlighting the growing problem among women may lead to more targeted strategies and put pressure on targeted marketing campaigns. "It is a big service that the CDC is now presenting alcohol abuse as a woman's issue. We only wish that it had come sooner, because the marketing is 10 years ahead of it," says Jernigan.


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JPMorgan Earned $5B In Second Quarter Even After $4.4B Trading Loss
Though it suffered an estimated $4.4 billion second-quarter loss related to its bungled trading in some very risky types of investments, JPMorgan Chase said this morning that it still did well enough in its other businesses that it had net income of $5 billion in those three months.
As our colleagues at Planet Money said Thursday, even though the high-profile losses were huge, the nation's largest bank could "probably absorb them, and even make up for them with income from elsewhere in its operations." That seems to be what happened.
According to bank CEO Jamie Dimon, "importantly, all of our client-driven businesses had solid performance."
And concerning the trading losses, Dimon said in a statement that "we have put most of this problem behind us and we can now focus our full energy on what we do best — serving our clients and communities around the world."
NPR's Jim Zarroli is due on Morning Edition today to talk about the bank's second-quarter results. Click here to find an NPR station that broadcasts or streams the show.
Update at 2:30 p.m. ET. Total Loss From Trade Mess Has Grown To $5.8 Billion:
Because it also ran up $1.4 billion in losses related to the bad trading scheme in the first quarter, JPMorgan says its total loss — as of now — from the scheme has grown to $5.8 billion.
Update at 8:50 a.m. ET. More On The News:
The Associated Press notes that the $4.4 billion is more than twice what the bank initially estimated its trading-related loss would be. And, AP reports, "the bank said all managers in the London office responsible for the trade had been dismissed without severance pay and that it planned to revoke two years' worth of pay from each of those executives."


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What philosopher Harvey Mansfield calls "taming the prince" – making executive power compatible with democracy's abhorrence of arbitrary power – has been a perennial problem of modern politics. It is now more urgent in America than at any time since the Founders, having rebelled against George III's unfettered exercise of "royal prerogative," stipulated that presidents "shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed."
Serious as are the policy disagreements roiling Washington, none is as important as the structural distortion threatening constitutional equilibrium. Institutional derangement driven by unchecked presidential aggrandizement did not begin with Barack Obama, but his offenses against the separation of powers have been frequent and qualitatively different.
Regarding immigration, health care, welfare, education, drug policy and more, Obama has suspended, waived and rewritten laws, including the Affordable Care Act. It required the employer mandate to begin this year. But Obama wrote a new law, giving to certain-sized companies a delay until 2016, and stipulating that other employers must certify they will not drop employees to avoid the mandate. Doing so would trigger criminal perjury charges; so, he created a new crime, that of adopting a business practice he opposes.
Presidents must exercise some discretion in interpreting laws, must have some latitude in allocating finite resources to the enforcement of laws, and must have some freedom to act in the absence of law. Obama, however, has perpetrated more than 40 suspensions of laws. Were presidents the sole judges of the limits of their latitude, they would effectively have plenary power to vitiate the separation of powers, the Founders' bulwark against despotism.
Congress cannot reverse egregious executive aggressions such as Obama's without robust judicial assistance. It is, however, difficult to satisfy the criteria that the Constitution and case law require for Congress to establish "standing" to seek judicial redress for executive usurpations injurious to the legislative institution.
Courts, understandably fearful of being inundated by lawsuits from small factions of disgruntled legislators, have been wary of granting legislative standing. However, David Rivkin, a Washington lawyer, and Elizabeth Price Foley of Florida International University have studied the case law and believe standing can be obtained conditional on four things:
That a majority of one congressional chamber explicitly authorize a lawsuit. That the lawsuit concern the president's "benevolent" suspension of an unambiguous provision of law that, by pleasing a private faction, precludes the appearance of a private plaintiff. That Congress cannot administer political self-help by remedying the presidential action by simply repealing the law. And that the injury amounts to nullification of Congress' power.
Hence the significance of a House lawsuit, advocated by Rivkin and Foley, that would unify fractious Republicans while dramatizing Obama's lawlessness. The House would bring a civil suit seeking a judicial declaration that Obama has violated the separation of powers by effectively nullifying a specific provision of a law, thereby diminishing Congress' power. Authorization of this lawsuit by the House would give Congress "standing" to sue.
Congress' authorization, which would affirm an institutional injury rather than some legislators' personal grievances, satisfies the first criterion. Obama's actions have fulfilled the rest by nullifying laws and thereby rendering the Constitution's enumeration of Congress' power meaningless.
The House has passed Rep. Trey Gowdy's, R.-S.C., bill that would guarantee expedited consideration by federal courts of House resolutions initiating lawsuits to force presidents to "faithfully execute" laws. But as a bill, it is impotent unless and until Republicans control the Senate and a Republican holds the president's signing pen.
Some say the judicial branch should not intervene because if Americans are so supine that they tolerate representatives who tolerate such executive excesses, they deserve to forfeit constitutional government. This abstract doctrine may appeal to moralists lacking responsibilities. For the judiciary, it would be dereliction of the duty to protect the government's constitutional structure. It would be perverse for courts to adhere to a doctrine of congressional standing so strict that it precludes judicial defense of the separation of powers.
Advocates of extreme judicial quietism to punish the supine people leave the people's representatives no recourse short of the extreme and disproportionate "self help" of impeachment. Surely courts should not encourage this. The cumbersome and divisive blunderbuss process of impeachment should be a rare recourse. Furthermore, it would punish a president for anti-constitutional behavior, but would not correct the injury done to the rule of law.
Surely the Republican House majority would authorize a lawsuit. And doing so would establish Speaker John Boehner as the legislature's vindicator.
George Will is a columnist for The Washington Post. He can be contacted at:
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