text:
RECORD: Anon. 1909. Order of the proceedings at the Darwin celebrations held at Cambridge June 22-June 24, 1909. With a sketch of Darwin's life. Cambridge: University Press.
REVISION HISTORY: Scanned and text prepared by John van Wyhe; proofread and corrected by Sue Asscher 6.2006. RN1
NOTE: See record in the Freeman Bibliographical Database, enter its Identifier here. A sketch of Darwin's life, pp. 13-23, i.e. extracts from Autobiography and letters.
The copy scanned is from the library of Christ's College, Cambridge.
Printed at the University Press
Charles Darwin, 1881. (From a photograph by Elliott and Fry). . | Frontispiece | |
Map of Cambridge . . . . . . . . | to face Programme | |
The Mount, Shrewsbury. The birthplace of Charles Darwin . . | page 13 |
Charles Darwin and his sister Catherine. (From a coloured chalk drawing by Sharples, in the possession of Miss Wedgwood of Leith Hill Place) . | 13 |
Charles Darwin's rooms in the front court of Christ's College (staircase G) . | 14 |
John Stevens Henslow
(1796-1861), Professor of Mineralogy in the
University of Cambridge from 1822 to 1828; Professor of Botany from
1825 to
1861. (From a photograph). . . . . . . . . . . |
14 |
H.M.S. Beagle in the Straits of Magellan. Mt. Sarmiento in the distance. (From a block lent by Mr John Murray) . . . . . | 15 |
VI. | Mrs Darwin, 1881. (From a photograph by Barraud) . . . . . | 16 |
Mr Darwin's house at Down in Kent . . . . . . . . | 17 |
The Sandwalk at Down (From a photograph by England) . . . | 17 |
IX. | Charles Darwin, 1849. (From the Ipswich British Association series) . . | 18 |
X. | Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1897. (From a photograph by Hawker). . | 18 |
AT a meeting of the Council of the Senate held on Monday, December 2, 1907, a Committee was appointed to consider what steps should be taken to celebrate the Centenary of the birth of Charles Darwin. On February 13, 1908, it was agreed by Grace of the Senate to hold a Darwin Celebration in the course of the year 1909, and in the following month the Committee was increased in size and constituted as follows: The Vice-Chancellor (Rev. E. S. Roberts, Master of Gonville and Caius College), the Master of Pembroke College (Rev. Dr A. J. Mason), the Master of Christ's College (Dr Peile), the Registrary of the University (Mr J. W. Clark), Professor Sir Robert Ball, Professor Bateson, Dr Bonney, Mr Durnford, Dr Fletcher, Professor Forsyth, Dr Gaskell, Professor McKenny Hughes, Mr A. Hutchinson, Professor Langley, Professor Larmor, Professor Liveing, Dr Marr, Mr Punnett, Professor Sedgwick, Professor Seward, Mr Shipley.
By Grace of the Senate, March 4, 1909, it was agreed to contribute the sum of £500 from the University Chest towards the expense of the Celebration; and at a subsequent date the Vice-Chancellor (Rev. A. J. Mason, Master of Pembroke College) announced to the Senate that an anonymous benefactor had generously offered to contribute an additional £500.
In the preparation of the Sketch of Mr Darwin's life, which follows the lines of the Epitome included in the Memorial volume of essays, Darwin and Modern Science, recently published by the Syndics of the University Press, we
have received considerable assistance from Mr Francis Darwin, to whom we offer our cordial thanks. The portraits reproduced as the Frontispiece and as Plates II, IV, VI, and X are reproduced from plates originally published in More Letters of Charles Darwin. For the use of these we are indebted to Mr Francis Darwin, and to the courtesy of Mr John Murray. For the loan of Plate V our thanks are due to Mr John Murray, by whom the illustration was first published in an edition of the Journal of Researches in 1890. Plate III is from a photograph taken by permission of the Master of Christ's College by Messrs Scott and Wilkinson of Cambridge. Plate I is reproduced from a photograph in the possession of Sir George Darwin, and Plates VII, VIII, IX are from originals supplied by Mr Francis Darwin.
Secretaries, Darwin Celebration Committee. |
June, 1909.
E. Wilson, del.
Map of Cambridge
June 22—24, 1909
8.30 to 11 p.m. Reception of Delegates and other invited Guests by the Chancellor of the University (Lord Rayleigh, O.M., F.R.S., Sc.D.) in the Fitzwilliam Museum.
By the kind permission of the Master and Fellows of Peterhouse the College Gardens will be accessible from the Museum.
[Evening dress, Academic robes, and Orders will be worn. (Members of the Senate will wear Hoods and Bands and Doctors will wear Scarlet.)
L'habit sera de rigueur (pour les Universitaires costume Académique) et décorations.
Frack, Akademischer Ornat, und Orden.]
It is very important that invitation cards should be shown at the entrance to the Museum.
Delegates and other Guests who are not Resident Members of the Senate will be received by the Chancellor at the head of the Staircase. After being received Guests are requested to pass on into the Picture Galleries. The entrance to the Refreshment marquee and to the Grounds of Peterhouse is from the First Egyptian room on the ground-floor.
In order to avoid confusion in calling carriages after the Reception, Guests are requested to see that on alighting from their carriages on arrival at the Fitzwilliam Museum they receive a numbered ticket from the Policeman on duty.
10.30 a.m. Presentation of Addresses by Delegates of Universities, Colleges, Academies, and Learned Societies in the Senate House.
[Morning dress and Academic robes. (Members of the Senate will wear Hoods and Bands and Doctors will wear Scarlet.)
Costume de ville et costume Académique.
Gehrock und Akademischer Ornat.]
(i) Address by the Chancellor.
(ii) Presentation of Delegates and Addresses.
(iii) A few short speeches will be delivered.
2.30 to 3.45. Visits to Colleges.
4 to 6 p.m. Garden Party given by the Master and Fellows of Christ's College in the College grounds.
[Morning dress and Academic robes. (Members of the Senate will wear Hoods and Bands and Doctors will wear Scarlet.)
Costume de ville et costume Académique.
Gehrock und Akademischer Ornat.]
The rooms occupied by Charles Darwin when an Undergraduate of Christ's College (First Court, Staircase G) will be open to Visitors during the afternoon of Wednesday, June 23, and during the morning and afternoon of Thursday, June 24.
7 p.m. Banquet in the New Examination Hall, the Museums.
[Evening dress, Academic robes, and Orders.
L'habit sera de rigueur (pour les Universitaires costume Académique) et décorations.
Frack, Akademischer Ornat, und Orden.]
[Entrance from Pembroke Street. Carriages should be ordered to set down Guests at the entrance to the Museums, Pembroke Street, and to take up Guests after the Pembroke College At Home at the College Gateway, Trumpington Street.
Guests are requested to assemble at the New Examination Hall at 6.45 p.m.]
10 to 12 p.m. The Master and Fellows of Pembroke College At Home in the College Hall and Gardens.
[Entrance to Pembroke College from Trumpington Street.
Guests attending the Banquet can enter the College by the Gate in Pembroke Street]
11 a.m. Honorary Degrees conferred in the Senate House.
12 noon. Rede Lecture delivered by Sir Archibald Geikie, Sc.D., President of the Royal Society of London: Subject, Darwin as Geologist.
[Morning dress and Academic robes. (Members of the Senate will wear Hoods and Bands and Doctors will wear Scarlet.)
Costume de ville et costume Académique.
Gehrock und Academischer Ornat.]
3 to 5.30 p.m. Garden Party given by Mr William Erasmus Darwin, Sir George and Lady Darwin, Mr Francis Darwin and Miss Frances Darwin, Major and Mrs Leonard Darwin, Mr and Mrs Horace Darwin, Mrs Litchfield, and Miss Darwin, in the Fellows' Garden, or, if wet, in the Hall and Cloisters of Trinity College, which have been kindly lent by the Master and Fellows.
[Morning dress.
Costume de ville.
(Entrance to the Garden from the Backs of the Colleges.)
Darwin Exhibition
During the Celebration there will be an Exhibition of portraits, books, and other objects of interest in connexion with Darwin, in the Old Library of Christ's College (Entrance from the First Court). The Exhibition will be open from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m.
(Catalogues may be bought in the Exhibition Room.)
This Library, which Mr Francis Darwin has generously transferred to the Botany School, Downing Street, may be seen on application at the Botany School at any time between 10 a.m. and 1 p.m., or between 2.30 p.m. and 5.30 p.m., during the Celebration. A few of the most interesting volumes will be displayed in the Botanical Museum.
Geological Collection
The rock-specimens collected by Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle are exhibited in the Sedgwick Museum, Downing Street.
University Library
The Librarian has arranged an Exhibition of MSS. and Books illustrating the progress of Scientific Study.
Enquiries should be addressed to the Honorary Secretaries, Darwin Celebration, The Botany School.
Professor Seward will be in his room at the Botany School, Downing Street, on Tuesday, June 22, between 2.30 and 5.30.
⌉ ⌋ |
Secretaries, Darwin Celebration. |
June, 1909.
The Mount, Shrewsbury
Charles Darwin and his sister Catherine
From a coloured chalk drawing by Sharples, in the possession of Miss Wedgwood of Leith Hill Place.
1809 | CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN, born Feb. 12, at The Mount, Shrewsbury (Plate I), the house of his father, Dr Robert Waring Darwin (b. 1766, d. 1848), who was the son of Erasmus Darwin (b. 1731, d. 1802), Poet, Physician and Evolutionist. On the mother's side Charles Darwin was grandson of Josiah Wedgwood (b. 1730, d. 1795), the founder of the Etruria Pottery Works, Staffordshire. |
Charles Darwin retained a strong feeling of love and respect for his father's memory. His recollection of everything connected with him was peculiarly distinct, and he spoke of him frequently, generally prefacing an anecdote with some such phrase as "My father, who was the wisest man I ever knew." | |
"He was about 6 feet 2 inches in height, with broad shoulders, and very corpulent, so that he was the largest man whom I ever saw.... His chief mental characteristics were his powers of observation and his sympathy, neither of which have I ever seen exceeded or even equalled." Darwin's Autobiography. | |
The house is charmingly placed on a steep bank above the Severn. The terraced bank is traversed by a long walk leading from end to end, still called "The Doctor's Walk." At one point in this walk grows a Spanish chestnut, the branches of which bend back parallel to themselves in a curious manner, and this was Darwin's favourite tree as a boy where he and his sister Catherine (Plate II) had each their special seat. | |
1817 | "At 8½ years old I went to Mr Case's school." [A day-school at Shrewsbury kept by the Rev. G. Case, Minister of the Unitarian Chapel.] "By the time I went to this day-school my taste for natural history, and more especially for collecting, was well developed. I tried to make out the names of plants, and collected all sorts of things, shells, seals, franks, coins, and |
1 The quotations are taken for the most part from Charles Darwin's Autobiography (Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Vol. I, Chapters I and II), from the Pocket Diary, and from letters published in the Life and Letters or in More Letters of Charles Darwin.
minerals. The passion for collecting which leads a man to be a systematic naturalist, a virtuoso, or a miser, was very strong in me, and was clearly innate, as none of my sisters or brother ever had this taste." | |
1818 | "I was at school at Shrewsbury under a great scholar, Dr Butler; I learnt absolutely nothing, except by amusing myself by reading and experimenting in Chemistry." |
1825 | "As I was doing no good at school, my father wisely took me away at a rather earlier age than usual, and sent me (Oct. 1825) to Edinburgh University with my brother, where I stayed for two years." |
1828 | "As it was decided that I should be a clergyman, it was necessary that I should go to one of the English Universities and take a degree." |
Began residence at Christ's College, Cambridge, in the Lent term. "Carolus Darwin admissus est pensionarius minor sub Mro Shaw." (Christ's College Admission Book.) | |
Christ's College was founded in 1505 by the Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of Henry VII. Darwin's rooms are on the south side of the first court (Staircase G), above and to the right of the doorway shown in the illustration (Plate III). | |
"During the three years which I spent at Cambridge my time was wasted, as far as the academical studies were concerned, as completely as at Edinburgh and at school." | |
"In order to pass the B.A. Examination, it was...necessary to get up Paley's 'Evidences of Christianity,' and his 'Moral Philosophy.'...The careful study of these works, without attempting to learn any part by rote, was the only part of the academical course which...was of the least use to me in the education of my mind." | |
"I have not as yet mentioned a circumstance which influenced my whole career more than any other. This was my friendship with Professor Henslow (Plate IV)....He kept open house once every week when all undergraduates and some older members of the University, who were attached to science, used to meet in the evening....Before long I became well acquainted with Henslow, and during the latter half of my time at Cambridge took long walks with him on most days; so that I was called by some of the dons 'the man who walks with Henslow.'" | |
"As time passed on at Cambridge I became very intimate with Professor Henslow, and his kindness was unbounded; he continually asked me to his house, and allowed me to accompany him in his walks. He talked on all subjects, including his deep sense of religion, and was entirely open. I owe |
Scott & Wilkinson, phot.
Mr Darwin's rooms in Christ's College
(Front Court, Staircase G, First floor)
John Stevens Henslow
H.M.S. "Beagle" in the Straits of Magellan
more than I can express to this excellent man. His kindness was steady: when Captain FitzRoy offered to give up part of his own cabin to any naturalist who would join the expedition in H.M.S. Beagle, Professor Henslow recommended me, as one who knew very little, but who, he thought, would work. I was strongly attached to natural history, and this attachment I owed, in large part, to him." C. Darwin in L. Jenyns' Memoir of Henslow, 1862. | |
1831 | Passed the examination for the B.A. degree in January and kept the two following terms. |
"On returning home [August] from my short geological tour in North Wales [with Professor Sedgwick], I found a letter from Henslow, informing me that Captain FitzRoy was willing to give up part of his own cabin to any young man who would volunteer to go with him without pay as naturalist to the voyage of the Beagle." | |
Dec. 27. "Sailed from England on our circumnavigation" in H.M.S. Beagle, a barque of 235 tons, carrying 6 guns, under Captain FitzRoy (Plate V). | |
"It shall be as a birthday for the rest of my life." | |
"The voyage of the Beagle has been by far the most important event in my life, and has determined my whole career." | |
"Everything about which I thought or read was made to bear directly on what I had seen or was likely to see; and this habit of mind was continued during the five years of the voyage. I feel sure that it was this training which has enabled me to do whatever I have done in science." | |
1836 | Oct. 4. "Reached Shrewsbury after absence of 5 years and 2 days." |
"You cannot imagine how gloriously delightful my first visit was at home; it was worth the banishment." | |
Dec. 13. Went to live at Cambridge (Fitzwilliam Street). | |
1837 | "On my return home [in the Beagle]
in the autumn of
1836 I immediately began to prepare my journal for publication, and then1 saw how many facts indicated the common descent of species....In July (1837) I opened my first note-book for facts in relation to the origin of species, about which I had long reflected, and never ceased working for the next twenty years. ...Had been greatly struck from about month of previous March on character of South American fossils, and species on Galapagos Archipelago. These facts origin (especially latter) of all my views." |
1 On the question of when Darwin's mind was first turned towards Evolution, see Professor Judd in Darwin and Modern Science (Cambridge, 1909), also the introduction to The Foundations of the Origin of Species.
"On March 7, 1837, I took lodgings in [36] Great Marlborough Street in London, and remained there for nearly two years, until I was married." | |
1838 | "In October 1838, that is, fifteen months after I had begun my systematic enquiry, I happened to read for amusement 'Malthus on Population,' and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on from long-continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck me that under these circumstances favourable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones to be destroyed. The result of this would be the formation of new species. Here then I had at last got a theory by which to work; but I was so anxious to avoid prejudice, that I determined not for some time to write even the briefest sketch of it." |
1839 | Married at Maer (Staffordshire) to his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, b. 1808, d. 1896, daughter of Josiah Wedgwood. (Plate VI.) |
Dec. 31. "Entered 12 Upper Gower Street" [now 110 Gower Street, London]. | |
"If the character of my father's working life is to be understood, the conditions of ill-health, under which he worked, must be constantly borne in mind....No one indeed, except my mother, knows the full amount of suffering he endured, or the full amount of his wonderful patience. For all the latter years of his life she never left him for a night; and her days were so planned that all his resting hours might be shared with her. She shielded him from every avoidable annoyance, and omitted nothing that might save him trouble, or prevent him becoming overtired, or that might alleviate the many discomforts of his ill-health. I hesitate to speak thus freely of a thing so sacred as the life-long devotion which prompted all this constant and tender care. But it is, I repeat, a principal feature of his life, that for nearly forty years he never knew one day of the health of ordinary men, and that thus his life was one long struggle against the weariness and strain of sickness. And this cannot be told without speaking of the one condition which enabled him to bear the strain and fight out the struggle to the end." Francis Darwin in The Life and Letters. | |
Published Journal and Researches, being Vol. III. of the Narrative of the Surveying Voyage of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle.... | |
1842 | "In June 1842 I first allowed myself the satisfaction of writing a very brief abstract of my [species] theory in pencil in 35 pages1; and this was |
1 This MS, published under the title The Foundations of the Origin of Species, will be presented by the Syndics of the University Press to the Delegates attending the Celebration.
Mrs Darwin
Mr Darwin's House at Down
The Sandwalk at Down
enlarged during the summer of 1844 into one of 230 pages, which I had fairly copied out and still [1876] possess1." | |
Sept 14. Settled at the village of Down in Kent. (Plate VII.) "My life goes on like clockwork, and I am fixed on the spot where I shall end it." | |
Darwin's house lies 18 miles from London, close to the village of Down, which stands in a solitary upland country, 500 or 600 feet above sea-level,—a country with little natural beauty, but possessing a certain charm in the shaws, or straggling strips of wood, capping the chalky banks and looking down upon the quiet ploughed lands of the valleys. The village, of a few hundred inhabitants, consists of three little streets of cottages meeting by the flint-built church. It is a place where new-comers are seldom seen, and where the names occurring in the old church registers are still borne by the villagers. | |
"Its chief merit is its extreme rurality. I think I was never in a more perfectly quiet country." (1843.) | |
The Sandwalk (Plate VIII) was planted by my father with a variety of trees, such as hazel, alder, lime, hornbeam, birch, privet, and dogwood, and with a long line of hollies all down the exposed side. Here he took a certain number of turns every day, and used to count them by means of a heap of flints, one of which he kicked aside each time he passed. The Sandwalk was our play-ground as children, and here we continually saw my father as he walked round. He liked to see what we were doing, and was ever ready to sympathise in any fun that was going on. With regard to the Sandwalk, in connection with our father, his children's earliest recollections coincide with their latest,—so unchanging were his habits. | |
Adapted from Francis Darwin's Reminiscences in Life and Letters. | |
Publication of The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs; being Part I. of the Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle. | |
"I wish that some doubly rich millionaire would take it into his head to have borings made in some of the Pacific and Indian atolls, and bring home cores for slicing from a depth of 500 or 600 feet." C. Darwin, 1881. | |
"Though the 'doubly rich millionaire' has not been forthcoming, the energy, in England, of Professor Sollas, and in New South Wales of Professor Anderson Stuart, served to set on foot a project, which, aided at first by the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and afterwards taken up jointly by the Royal Society, the New South Wales Government, and the Admiralty, has led to the most definite and conclusive |
1 A Volume containing both these Essays will be published by the Cambridge University Press in June of this year.
results....The verdict arrived at, after this most exhaustive study of a series of cores obtained from depths twice as great as that thought necessary by Darwin was as follows:— | |
"The whole of the cores are found to be built up of those organisms which are seen forming coral-reefs near the surface of the ocean—many of them evidently, in situ; and not the slightest indication could be detected, by chemical or microscopic means, which suggested the proximity of non-calcareous rocks, even in the lowest portions brought up." | |
J. W. Judd in Darwin and Modern Science. | |
"I am very full of Darwin's new theory of Coral Islands, and have urged Whewell to make him read it at our next meeting. I must give up my volcanic crater theory for ever, though it cost me a pang at first, for it accounted for so much....Yet spite of all this, the whole theory is knocked on the head." Lyell, 1837. | |
"I never forget that almost everything which I have done in science I owe to the study of his [Sir Charles Lyell's] great works." | |
1844 | Publication of Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands visited during the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle; being Part II. of the Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle. |
1845 | Publication of the Journal of Researches as a separate book. |
1846 | Publication of Geological Observations on South America; being Part III. of the Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle. |
1851 | Publication of a Monograph of the Fossil Lepadidae and of a Monograph of the sub-class Cirripedia (Barnacles). |
1853 | Received one of the two Royal medals which are awarded by the Sovereign upon the recommendation of the Council of the Royal Society. |
"Amongst my letters received this morning, I opened first one from Colonel Sabine [Treasurer of the Royal Society]; the contents certainly surprised me very much, but, though the letter was a very kind one, somehow, I cared very little indeed for the announcement it contained. I then opened yours, and such is the effect of warmth, friendship, and kindness from one that is loved, that the very same fact, told as you told it, made me glow with pleasure till my very heart throbbed. Believe me, I shall not soon forget the pleasure of your letter. Such hearty, affectionate sympathy is worth more than all the medals that ever were or will be coined." Letter to Hooker, 1853. (Plate X.) | |
1854 | Publication of Monographs of the Balanidae and Verrucidae. |
Charles Darwin, 1849
Sir Joseph Hooker 1897
"The value of the Cirripede monograph lies not merely in the fact that it is a very admirable piece of work, and constituted a great addition to positive knowledge, but still more in the circumstance that it was a piece of critical self-discipline, the effect of which manifested itself in everything your father wrote afterwards." T. H. Huxley to F. Darwin, 1887. | |
"One result was that he would never allow a depreciatory remark to pass unchallenged on the poorest class of scientific workers, provided that their work was honest, and good of its kind. I have always regarded it as one of the finest traits in his character,—this generous appreciation of the hod-men of science, and of their labours...and it was monographing the Barnacles that brought it about." Sir J. D. Hooker to F. Darwin, 1887. | |
1856 | "Early in 1856 Lyell advised me to write out my views pretty fully, and I began at once to do so on a scale three or four times as extensive as that which was afterwards followed in my Origin of Species." |
1858 | Joint paper by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace "On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection," communicated to the Linnean Society by Sir Charles Lyell and Sir Joseph Hooker. (Read July 1.) |
I was at first very unwilling to consent [to the communication of his MS. to the Society] as I thought Mr Wallace might consider my doing so unjustifiable, for I did not then know how generous and noble was his disposition." | |
1859 | Nov. 24. Publication of The Origin of Species (1250 copies). |
I never even built a castle in the air of such success as it has met with; I do not mean the sale, but the impression it has made on you (whom I have always looked at as chief judge) and Hooker and Huxley. The whole has infinitely exceeded my wildest hopes." From a letter to Lyell, 1859. | |
I have received your kind note and the copy; I am infinitely pleased and proud at the appearance of my child...You are really too generous to me about the, to me, scandalously heavy corrections. Are you not acting unfairly towards yourself?" From a letter to Mr John Murray, 1859. | |
The most potent instrument for the extension of the realm of natural knowledge which has come into men's hands, since the publication of Newton's 'Principia,' is Darwin's 'Origin of Species.'" Huxley, 1887. | |
The oldest of all philosophies, that of Evolution, was bound hand and foot and cast into utter darkness during the millennium of theological scholasticism. But Darwin poured new life-blood into the ancient frame; the bonds burst, and the revivified thought of ancient Greece has proved |
itself to be a more adequate expression of the universal order of things than any of the schemes which have been accepted by the credulity and welcomed by the superstition of seventy later generations of men." Huxley, 1887. | |
Dec. 26. Publication of Huxley's celebrated review of the Origin in the Times. | |
Have you seen the splendid essay and notice of my book in the Times? I cannot avoid a strong suspicion that it is by Huxley....It will do grand service." C. Darwin to J. D. Hooker, 1859. | |
1860 | Publication of the second edition of the Origin (3000 copies). |
Publication of a Naturalist's Voyage. | |
June 28. Pitched battle over the Origin at the Oxford meeting of the British Association. Defeat of the Bishop of Oxford by Huxley. | |
"On the whole...the supporters of Mr Darwin's views in 1860 were numerically extremely insignificant. There is not the slightest doubt that, if a general council of the Church scientific had been held at that time, we should have been condemned by an overwhelming majority." Huxley, 1887. | |
1861 | Publication of the third edition of the Origin (2000 copies). |
1862 | Publication of the book On the various contrivances by which Orchids are fertilised by Insects. |
Another favourite place was 'Orchis Bank,' above the quiet Cudham valley, where fly- and musk-orchids grew among the junipers, and Cephalanthera and Neottia under the beech boughs." | |
1864 | Received the Copley Medal, the highest honour which the Royal Society can confer. |
"Some old members of the Royal are quite shocked at my having the Copley." | |
That such a feeling existed is clear from the action of the Council in pointedly omitting from the grounds of their award the theory set forth in the Origin. That this book could within five years of its publication be valued by the Royal Society merely as a "mass of observations, etc.," is striking evidence of the slow progress of Evolution. It may perhaps be said that 1870 is the date at which the current of scientific opinion is seen to be definitely flowing in the direction of Evolution: and 1880 the time by which it had reached its full volume. Mr Huxley wrote in 1880: |
Those who have watched the progress of science within the last ten years will bear me out to the full, when I assert that there is no field of biological inquiry in which the influence of the Origin of Species is not traceable." | |
It is interesting to find that of the sixty scientific societies of which Darwin was an honorary member, only 15, or one quarter, elected him before 1870. As to the magnitude of the change in public opinion Mr Huxley wrote in 1887: | |
"The contrast between the present condition of public opinion upon the Darwinian question; between the estimation in which Darwin's views are now held in the scientific world; between the acquiescence, or at least quiescence, of the theologians of the self-respecting order at the present day and the outburst of antagonism on all sides in 1858-9, when the new theory respecting the origin of species first became known to the older generation to which I belong, is so startling that, except for documentary evidence, I should be sometimes inclined to think my memories dreams." | |
1865 | Read a paper before the Linnean Society "On the Movements and Habits of Climbing plants." (Published as a book in 1875.) |
1866 | Publication of the fourth edition of the Origin (1250 copies). |
1867 | Received the Prussian Order "Pour le Mérite." |
1868 | Publication of the Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication. |
"About my book I will give you [Sir Joseph Hooker] a bit of advice. Skip the whole of Vol. 1., except the last chapter (and that need only be skimmed) and skip largely in the 2nd volume; and then you will say it is a very good book." | |
1869 | Publication of the fifth edition of the Origin. |
1871 | Publication of The Descent of Man. |
"Although in the Origin of Species the derivation of any particular species is never discussed, yet I thought it best, in order that no honourable man should accuse me of concealing my views, to add that by the work in question 'light would be thrown on the origin of man and his history.'" | |
"Darwin's work in regard to the descent of man has not been surpassed; the more we immerse ourselves in the study of the structural relationships between apes and man, the more is our path illumined by the clear light radiating from him, and through his calm and deliberate investigation, based on a mass of material in the accumulation of which he has |
never had an equal. Darwin's fame will be bound up for all time with the unprejudiced investigation of the question of all questions, the descent of the human race." G. Schwalbe in Darwin and Modern Science. | |
1872 | Publication of the sixth edition of the Origin. |
Publication of The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. | |
1874 | Publication of the second edition of The Descent of Man. |
Publication of the second edition of The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs | |
1875 | Publication of Insectivorous Plants. |
"My book on 'Insectivorous Plants' was published in July 1875—that is sixteen years after my first observations. The delay in this case, as with all my other books, has been a great advantage to me; for a man after a long interval can criticise his own work, almost as well as if it were that of another person." | |
Publication of the second edition of Variation of Animals and Plants. | |
Publication of The Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants as a separate book. | |
1876 | Wrote Autobiographical Sketch (Life and Letters, Vol. I. Chap. II.). |
Publication of The Effects of Cross and Self-fertilisation. | |
"It is remarkable that this book, the result of eleven years of experimental work, owed its origin to a chance observation. My father had raised two beds of Linaria vulgaris—one set being the offspring of cross- and the other of self-fertilisation. These plants were grown for the sake of some observations on inheritance, and not with any view to cross-breeding, and he was astonished to observe that the offspring of self-fertilisation were clearly less vigorous than the others." Francis Darwin, 1887. | |
1877 | Publication of The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the same species. |
"I do not suppose that I shall publish any more books....I cannot endure being idle, but heaven knows whether I am capable of any more good work." | |
"It may be that eventually many things will be viewed in a different light, but Darwin's investigations will always form the foundation of Floral Biology on which the future may continue to build." K. Goebel in Darwin and Modern Science. | |
1879 | Publication of his biographical sketch of Erasmus Darwin as an introduction to E. Krause's Essay, 1882. |
1880 | Publication of The Power of Movement in Plants. |
"Whether this masterly conception of the unity of what has hitherto seemed a chaos of unrelated phenomena will be sustained, time alone will show. But no one can doubt the importance of what Mr Darwin has done, in showing that for the future the phenomena of plant movement can and indeed must be studied from a single point of view." Sir William Thiselton-Dyer, 1882. | |
"It has always pleased me to exalt plants in the scale of organised beings." | |
1881 | Publication of The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Action of Worms. |
1882 | Charles Darwin died at Down, April 19, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, April 26, in the north aisle of the Nave a few feet from the grave of Sir Isaac Newton. |
"As for myself, I believe that I have acted rightly in steadily following and devoting my life to Science. I feel no remorse from having committed any great sin, but have often and often regretted that I have not done more direct good to my fellow creatures." | |
In 1885, Mr Huxley, referring to "the manifestation of public feeling not only in these realms, but throughout the civilised world," called forth by the death of Charles Darwin, said:—"The causes of this deep and wide outburst of emotion are not far to seek. We had lost one of these rare ministers and interpreters of Nature whose names mark epochs in the advance of natural knowledge. For, whatever be the ultimate verdict of posterity upon this or that opinion which Mr Darwin has propounded; whatever adumbrations or anticipations of his doctrines may be found in the writings of his predecessors; the broad fact remains that, since the publication and by reason of the publication, of the Origin of Species the fundamental conceptions and the aims of the students of living Nature have been completely changed." |
Citation: John van Wyhe, ed. 2002-. The Complete Work of Charles Darwin Online. (http://darwin-online.org.uk/)
File last updated 13 March, 2024


text:
Stem cell research
What Are Stem Cells?
The human body is made of billions and billions of cells, which have specific shapes, particular structures, and different functions. Cells of the same type make tissues, and tissues make organs. Cells, tissues, organs, and systems make the human body. No matter how simple or complex an organism is, the cell remains the structurally and functionally basic unit of life (there are even unicellular organisms, like bacteria.)
Some cells (but not all) have the ability to multiply by division. Most of the diseases known to medical science are due to the malfunction of cells, to premature cell death, or to cells' wrong multiplication rates.
Stem cells are a particular kind of cells, with two major characteristics:
- they are unspecialized cells that can divide over and over for very long periods of time;
- under certain conditions, they can be induced to become cells with special functions (like muscle cells, liver cells, neurons, etc.).
Stem cells are naturally occurring in the human body (and other living organisms) at all levels of development. As organisms develop, stem cells become specialized types of cells. They are harder to find and lose much of their ability to differentiate. Stem cells are the way the organism generates all the specialized cells needed for development and functioning.
There are two kinds of stem cells used in biomedical research:
- Embryonic Stem Cells - which occur only in early development;
- Adult Stem Cells - occurring in adult organisms.
In the fetus, stem cells in developing tissue give rise to the multiple specialized cell types that make up the human body. In some adult tissues, such as bone marrow, muscle, and brain, discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacement cells. While both types of stem cells are very important for biomedical research, the use of embryonic stem cells raises most of the bioethical issues.
Stem cells originating in human embryos can be categorized as either embryonic stem cells or embryonic germ cells. While there are many similarities between the two, there are also some significant differences.
After fertilization, the zygote (fertilized egg) divides several times. Any of the cells resulted from these divisions can give rise to all the cells needed to make up an adult organism. Basically, any of these cells can "act as an embryo." These cells are called totipotent stem cells.
After 3 to 5 days, prior to implantation into the uterine wall, the embryo achieves a stage called blastocyst. In the interior of the blastocyst, there is a cluster of about 30 cells called the inner cell mass. The cells that form the inner cell mass of the blastocyst are called pluripotent stem cells. They have lost the ability to differentiate to all cell types needed for a complete embryo development (up to 14 days post-fertilization).
As embryonic development proceeds, stem cells lose their pluripotency. In adults, the remaining stem cells only differentiate into cell types specific to the tissue in which they reside (some recent studies seem to prove the contrary.)
Embryonic germ cells share many of the characteristics of the embryonic stem cells but differ in significant ways. They are derived from the primordial germ cells, which occur in a specific part of the embryo/fetus called the gonadal ridge. The gonadal ridge normally develops into mature gametes (eggs and sperm). Germ cells do not proliferate as long as stem sells. Under certain conditions, germ cells do differentiate into specialized cells. Germ cells and stem cells also differ with respect to their growth characteristics in vitro and their behavior in vivo.
Adult stem cells give the body its ability to repair and replace the cells and tissues of some organs. Adult stem cells are rare, and their origin in mature tissue is not yet completely understood. It is supposed that they are somehow set aside during fetal development and restrained from differentiating. Adult stem cells are dispersed in tissues throughout the mature organism and behave very differently depending on the local environment. Some recent studies focus on the plasticity of the adult stem cells, which is the ability to differentiate in specialized cells of another tissue.
The embryos used in stem cell research come from three major sources:
- In Vitro Fertilization - some of the embryos used in human stem cells research were initially created for infertility purposes through in vitro fertilization procedures. When they were no longer needed for that purpose, they were donated for research with the informed consent of the donor.
- Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer - embryos can be created by transferring the nucleus of a donor cell into an enucleated oocyte. The embryo will be genetically identical to the donor.
- Embryonic Germ Cells are obtained from aborted fetus tissue.
The stem cell extraction procedure ends the ability of the embryo to develop through implantation in the uterus. The removal of the stem cells brings the existence of the embryo to an end. Stem cell research promises not only to clarify some of the fundamental processes of life, but also some very interesting therapeutic possibilities. Nowadays scientific medicine is based on drug therapy. It is dominated by antibiotics, chemotherapy, antipsychotic agents and other pharmaceuticals.
The scientific medicine of the future will be probably based on cell therapies, focused on repair and regeneration of tissues by cell transplants. In a rough way: instead of administering lots of chemical substances in an attempt to prevent cell malfunction or premature cell death, why not just replace the cells in question? Many scientists take the view that the benefits which might flow to humanity from this form of research are so great that it is important that it be allowed to proceed.
Moral status of the embryo
The debate around embryonic stem cells research is sensitive and controversial. Is it ethically acceptable to destroy the blastocyst? Many Christians believe that it is not, and in order to respect every one of God's children, they sustain that each created zygote is completely deserving of protection and ought not to be destroyed. To destroy a developing human at any stage is then comparable to murder. Most of the ethical debate around embryonic stem cell research is centered on the moral status of embryos and fetuses, as well as the significance of the source of embryonic or fetal material. Use of adult stem cells seems morally unproblematic from this point of view.
Opponents of embryonic stem cell research have argued that it involves the deliberate destruction of an embryo and that this is morally wrong, because embryos have the same moral status as human persons. When Robert Edwards (one of the pioneers of in vitro fertilization) saw Louis Brown, the world's first baby to be conceived by in vitro fertilization, he stated: "The last time I saw her she was just eight cells in a test-tube. She was beautiful then, and she is still beautiful now!" This shows the continuity of the person he knew "then" and the person he knows "now." Therefore, the human life begins at conception. Concerning the use of fetal tissue, opponents argue that use of this tissue is morally problematic because it comes from abortive procedures.
Orthodox Christianity's viewpoint is that the human person is created in the image and likeness of God and the purpose of life is theosis, which is God-likeness in union and communion with others. St Gregory of Nyssa stated:
- "'Let us make man in our image, after our likeness.' We possess the one by creation; we acquire the other by free will. In the first structure it is given us to be born in the image of God; by free will there is formed in us the being in the likeness of God. … But it is proper that one part is given you, while the other has been left incomplete: this is so that you might complete it yourself and might be worthy of the reward, which comes from God."
Both the embryo as well as the adult are potential human persons in different phases of development, growing in the image of God and trying to reach the likeness of God. As a result, the Orthodox understanding is that unborn human life should have the same opportunity to grow in the likeness of God as those already born.
The Orthodox Church believes that the person is body and soul and experimentation on the body, including embryonic stem cell research, will presume fleshly authority over the soul. The body and soul were formed at the same time—not one before and the other afterward (Louth, p.53). Stem cell research cannot be summarized as a scientific technique on a biological organism. The Orthodox Church considers that human beings should be treated with dignity and respect. Father Demopulos stated: "We must treat the developing embryo with dignity and respect, because we do not know when it becomes a person." Since the Orthodox Church believes that human life begins at conception, the dignity and respect owed to the person should be extended to the human embryo.
The Orthodox Church promotes therapeutic advances in medicine, but not at the expense of human life. For the Orthodox life begins at conception and continues behind death. Without giving consideration to the various possible outcomes that this embryonic stem cell research will have on certain members of society, such as the Orthodox Church, science and society will continue to take diverging paths. There will be no answers found which will solve the problems that are arising because of embryonic stem cell research. Serious discussion concerning the ethical and moral dilemmas surrounding this research can only take place when consideration for the premise that humanity is created in the image and likeness of God is the paramount concern.
- Breck, John. The Sacred Gift of Life. New York: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1998.
- Louth, Andrew. Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture. Downers Grove, Illinois: Inter Varsity Press, 2001.
- Ruse, Michael & Christopher A. Pynes. The Stem Cell Controversy. New York: Prometheus Books, 2003.
- Snow, Nancy. Stem Cell Research. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 2003.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Baked until browned and puffed-- this is a dip that will surely please any hungry crowd. You can serve it with crackers, chips, or sliced veggies (red bell pepper would work well) if you want a healthy alternative. I like it best with some buttered toasted crostini for a really good crunch. It makes a big batch, so if you have any leftovers, the dip is excellent on a roast beef sandwich:P
Sunday Dinner one year ago
serves 10-12
1 large sweet onion, chopped
3 (8-ounce) packages of cream cheese, softened
2 cups freshly grated parmesan cheese
1/2 cup mayonnaise
1/2 teaspoon cayenne pepper, plus more to taste
1/4 cup finely chopped fresh chives, plus more for garnish
Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper
Preheat the oven to 425º F.
In the bowl of a food processor combine the onion, cream cheese, parmesan cheese and mayonnaise. Process until completely smooth. Add the cayenne and fold in the chives. Season to taste with salt and pepper. Transfer the mixture to a 1-quart baking dish and smooth the top with the back of a spoon. Bake until browned and puffed, about 20 minutes. Allow to cool slightly; garnish with chopped chives. Serve warm with crostini, crackers, or chips. Enjoy!
Adapted from saveur.com


text:
Our furniture is handcrafted from beautiful wood-European bird's eye maple, African and Philippine mahogany, Yugoslavian beech, American cherry and Ash. Solid timber and veneers are selected with the utmost care and precision to ensure a lifetime of pleasure. Because each piece is handcrafted from these beautiful living timbers it is unique, including any whorls in the wood itself or minor variations in colour and texture.
As a natural product it has been protected, sealed and finished with first grade lacquer (which is heat, water and alcohol resistant, -these processes are NOT proof against these elements). It therefore-naturally-deserves the best care from its owner.


text:
Police say two 17-year-old boys have been charged with breaking into a Pennsylvania home and baking drug-laced brownies.
Police say the burglary happened late July 22 in Perkiomen Township, though the department only recently publicized it.
Police say the boys were found with drug paraphernalia and more than 2 pounds of the unspecified drug used to make the brownies.
The boys have been charged in Montgomery County Juvenile Court.
The township is in the Philadelphia suburbs, northwest of the city.
Copyright AP - Associated Press


text:
Honey Yogurt Mousse With Raspberry Coulis & Shortbread Cookies
Time flies. Let's face it, the only time when it doesn't is when we twirl our thumbs. And even then, I have seen people twirl they thumbs long enough to realize how time flew by – along with life – as they were doing so. The only thing I've twirled this week were my hair while sitting at the computer to edit pictures and lastly the spoon in my verrine of Honey Yogurt Mousse with Raspberry Coulis. And cookies! I have twirled a cookie around my little finger. My life is now complete…
Ok, you know that's sarcasm. There is more to life than mousse and cookies… although…Simplicity has been the motus operandi lately around the house and will remain for a little while (more on that later) and as such, these fit the bill perfectly. I could not help but giggle as I was spooning the different layers in the glasses. I kept thinking of my niece Camille who looked at me with wide open eyes one morning I was twirling honey and yogurt for my cereals.
She's at the age of food discoveries and adventures. Foods that look good touching, separated, stacked. Textures that play well together. Or not. Colors. Foods that fly on spoon to get into your belly. Those especially rock. And I was happy to oblige and fly that spoon for her. I'll always treasure those moments alone just as much as those spent with her sister or with her sister alone. These two are just beautiful inside-out and I am proud of my brother for that. Awesome parenting.
The little things that are second nature to an adult like mixing honey and yogurt mean a great deal to her right now. Other food related questions were pretty entertaining too. How do you make the air bubble up in a mousse? Why do you turn your spoon in your cup as you eat? Our morning rituals were about the essentials of food. Came four o'clock and we were into Disney Princesses and their lack of fashion sense. Go figure.
All these moments came rushing back in my head as I was making these and taking great care in separating the layers of yogurt mousse and raspberry sauce. Why? No idea since it would all turn into a giant swirly twirly mess once we'd start digging. It reminded me of the day Camille spent 15 minutes separating her steak from her tabouleh salad only to mix it all up in the end. It's food. It's fun. And if you don't mind eating cold, play along.
When I say we have to do simple these days, I am not exaggerating. I don't usually talk a whole lot about work here (that's what the "tear sheet" section of my portfolio is here for – needs an update too) but the next few weeks, months, will be trying my energy to come here to post. Right before leaving for France I signed a contract with Gibbs Smith Publisher to do the photography and styling for Holly Herrick's new book on Tarts. Holly is wrapping up the writing and I have started the photography as we speak (Fall/winter 2011 release). I am completely psyched about it!
It's Holly's third book as an author, my second as photographer & stylist and our first together. With a blog titled Tartelette, I also think it was kismet…
It is as rewarding as it sounds. It's a lot of hard work too. I am doing the shopping, cooking, styling, photographing, post processing, etc… Holly is an accomplished recipe writer (and food stylist – team work!) so I do work with the assurance that the recipes will work. I just take extra steps since we only have one shot to tell you a thousand thoughts. So yes, there is necessary tweezer action in pulling that piece of tomato forward to even out colors or tucking that slice of peach sticking out like a cowlick on a baby's head.
Some of you have emailed wondering about another book. I can tell you that Carrie's book that I styled and photographed, Deliciously Organic will be released in November. I just got the chance to look at the final manuscript and I got such a strong pinch in my heart. I am so honored to have participated in Carrie's vision and message and at the same time worked with such a professional team. And the food…ah the food! It will knock your socks off!
Just thinking about the pile of work ahead makes me reach for one of those yogurt mousses. Soft, creamy, tangy from the raspberry and with that soft touch of honey through and through. Exactly what the doctor should prescribe on a Friday night. Make mine a double!! The cookie is a necessary icing on the cake so to speak. Trust me. Makes it even better…
Honey Yogurt Mousse With Raspberry Coulis:
Makes 4 to 6
Notes: the gelatin amount used in the mousse is small enough to help stabilize the whipped cream and prevent the liquids from separating but is not enough to gel it completely so the texture remains soft and silky.
You can use 1 1/2 cups all purpose flour instead of the rice, millet and potato flour used in the gluten free shortbread recipe.
For the coulis:
2 cups (500gr) fresh or frozen raspberries
a few springs of lemon thyme (or lemon verbena, lemon balm, mint, lavender, etc…)
1/4 cup honey
For the mousse:
1 teaspoon powdered gelatin
2 tablespoons water
1 cup (250ml) Greek yogurt
1/4 cup (60gr) honey (I use a lavender honey from the Hautes Alpes)
1 cup (250ml) heavy whipping cream
For the shortbread cookies:
1 stick (115 gr) unsalted butter, at room temperature
3/4 cup (95 gr) powdered sugar (unsifted)
1 large egg yolk
1/2 cup superfine white rice flour
1/2 cup millet flour
1/2 potato flour
(or replace the rice, millet and potato flour with 1 1/2 cups all purpose)
2 tablespoons milk
pinch of salt
Prepare the raspberry coulis:
Place the raspberries, lemon thyme and honey into a heavy saucepan. Cook on medium heat until the raspberries start to break down, about 10 minutes. Remove from the heat, let cool and discard the lemon thyme if using. Set aside until ready to layer with the mousse.
Prepare the mousse:
In a small bowl, sprinkle the gelatin over the water and set aside.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the yogurt and honey. In the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, whip the cream to medium stiff peaks. Set aside.
Heat the gelatin in the microwave for 12 seconds or melt on top of a double boiler. Working quickly, pour the melted gelatin over the yogurt and whisk thoroughly. Gently fold in the whipped cream until everything is blended.
To assemble: layer about 1/4 to 1/3 cup of mousse and 2-3 tablespoons coulis in glasses and repeat the layers one more time. Serve with shortbread cookies if desired.
Prepare the shortbread cookies:
In a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, whip the butter and sugar together until light and fluffy on medium speed, 2-3 minutes. Add the egg and mix until combined. Add the flours, milk and salt and mix briefly to incorporate. Dump the whole mixture onto a lightly floured board and gather the dough into a smooth ball. Do not work the dough while in the mixer or it will toughen up. Flatten the dough into a disk, wrap it in plastic wrap and refrigerate for an hour.
Preheat the oven to 350F and position a rack in the middle. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper. Set aside.
When the dough is nice and cold, roll it out on a lightly floured board or in between sheets of plastic wrap to about 1/4 – inch thick. Cut out rounds with a pastry ring or cookie cutter of your preferred size. Place them on the prepared baking sheet and bake for 10-12 minutes. Let cool.


text:
Monday, October 4, 2010
Hot Clam Dip - Blue Monday
From the kitchen of One Perfect Bite...I live in a college community where many are conversant with the Hadron collider. They just won't discuss it with you until football season ends. They are victims of football fever and until the final game is played their prime directive is, "Go, Ducks!" It affects the degreed and the politic and there's no cure for the curse that has grown men wearing green and yellow beneath judicial robes. Food, too, falls victim to the curse. Dips and chips and spreads are "in" and only the foolish plan elaborate meals while the fever holds sway. The simplest of snacks is sure to please and I'm happy to say that I do simple better than anyone I know. While searching for recipes that use canned clams I came across one featured by Emeril Lagasse. The recipe was actually developed by Jamie Gwen, a chef and radio personality, and I gave it a test run this weekend. It's not bad and if you are in the market for a hot dip it's worth a try. Here's the very simple recipe for a very simple dip. I've scaled the recipe to feed four. You may double it if you wish.
Hot Clam Dip...from the kitchen of One Perfect Bite, adapted from a recipe developed by Jamie Gwen
1 (8-ounce) package reduced fat cream cheese, room temperature
1 tablespoon, finely grated onion
1 teaspoon lemon juice
1 tablespoon clam juice
1 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce
1/2 teaspoon hot pepper sauce
2/3 cup canned minced clams, drained (2 6-oz. cans)
Bread, chips or crackers
1) Preheat oven to 350 degrees F.
2) Combine cream cheese, onion, lemon juice, clam juice, Worcestershire sauce and hot pepper sauce in a mixing bowl. Mix well. Gently fold in clams. Scrape mixture into a shallow baking dish.
3) Bake for 20 minutes or until heated through.
4) Serve with sliced French bread, potato chips, corn chips or crackers. Yield: 1-1/2 cups.
You might also enjoy these recipes:
Blue Cheese and Bacon Dip - Easy Appetizers
Roasted Red Pepper Hummus - Eat Real
Chile con Queso - Drick's Ranbling Cafe
Peperonata - Sweet Bites
Bulghur and Walnut Kibbeh - Anja's Food 4 Thought
Easy Appetizer: White Bean Dip - Spoonful
Roasted Olive and Grape Crostini - The Daily Dish
This post is being linked to:
Smiling Sally - Blue Monday
47 comments :
- Blaine said...
yummy for my tummy.
- October 4, 2010 at 1:04 AM
- Daisy Roshan said...
very interesting dip.....would love to try.....
- October 4, 2010 at 1:12 AM
- Lisa said...
That looks like a delicious snack. I don't think I'd be able to stop at just one cracker.
- October 4, 2010 at 1:18 AM
- kitchen flavours said...
This dip looks delicious. And very interesting with the addition of beer. Just wondering how much of the beer that is needed? Would make a great biscuit snack for my kids. Thanks for sharing this recipe.
- October 4, 2010 at 1:30 AM
- Valerie Harrison (bellini) said...
Pass me the bowl Mary. I am always up for something new.
- October 4, 2010 at 1:32 AM
- Janet Marie said...
Oh, no. I'm in trouble. I love clams. I have some in the freezer. I have crackers. I could make that and eat more than one serving. It looks delicious.
Trying to remember the name of my dorm when I went to U of O....tooooo long ago and I didn't graduate. I married into a Beaver family - I understand the enthusiasm.
Have a wonderful week ~ - October 4, 2010 at 1:37 AM
- Pondside said...
I love simple - and I love a recipe that can be made from things that I have on hand. This looks really good.
- October 4, 2010 at 1:40 AM
- Priya Suresh said...
Wonderful looking dip..
- October 4, 2010 at 3:36 AM
- Red Nomad OZ said...
Are you sure that's enough for four??!!
Happy travels! - October 4, 2010 at 4:19 AM
- genny said...
following you from blue monday.
@http://gennyinabattle.blogspot.com - October 4, 2010 at 4:40 AM
- Sonia ~ Nasi Lemak Lover said...
a very good dip!
- October 4, 2010 at 5:13 AM
I don't like football, but I'd watch a game if I got to eat your dip!
- October 4, 2010 at 5:49 AM
- Diane said...
This sounds amazing, yum yum. Diane
- October 4, 2010 at 5:58 AM
- Allie and Pattie said...
Mary, I had to giggle. We live between TWO major universities and between football and basketball, every cook has a retinue of dip, tailgate, and munchie recipes! This looks interesting- I've enjoyed severil of his recipes
xoxo Pattie - October 4, 2010 at 6:13 AM
- Big Dude said...
Since 1945, the Ducks are 1 game over 500 and now are national contenders - the fever takes over :-). Your clam dip sounds delicious
- October 4, 2010 at 7:27 AM
- Sushma Mallya said...
simple and yummy...
- October 4, 2010 at 7:36 AM
- penny aka jeroxie said...
Great dip. you just come with so many lovely dips.
- October 4, 2010 at 7:43 AM
- Unknown said...
We are big game day snack people...especially with college football! I love hot clam dip, my aunt used to make it Christmas time when I was younger! YUM!
- October 4, 2010 at 9:15 AM
- SmilingSally said...
This one sounds delish.
Happy Blue Monday, Mary! - October 4, 2010 at 9:27 AM
- From the Kitchen said...
This looks like it might turn heads from the television for a minute or so. I think I'll add it to the holiday open house menu because I haven't seen clam dip in years on our party "circuit".
Bonnie - October 4, 2010 at 9:28 AM
- Pam said...
This sounds like a great dip for football game day! Clams are great and you made it easy. Have a wonderful day...
- October 4, 2010 at 9:29 AM
- T.W. Barritt at Culinary Types said...
This is wonderful! I had a dinner party yesterday and my good friend Mary brought a delicious hot clam dip for an appetizer. How funny to see this here this morning!
- October 4, 2010 at 9:40 AM
- LV said...
What a great way to spend a Blue Monday - visiting with you and enjoying all these goodies..
- October 4, 2010 at 9:41 AM
- Merisi Vienna said...
I will be over there in a minute,
that looks so delicious! - October 4, 2010 at 10:17 AM
- Maria said...
Great dip for any party!
- October 4, 2010 at 10:21 AM
- Jeannie said...
Any dip with cheese is always welcome on my dinner table:D really, the boys just can't resist cheese.
- October 4, 2010 at 11:54 AM
- StephenC said...
I dare say the only possible improvement to this would be to go to the fishmonger and get a container of chowder clams. They should be chopped a bit in a food processor, but possess much more flavor and texture than canned clams. Just sayin'.
- October 4, 2010 at 11:56 AM
- Deana Sidney said...
A classic dip for any occasion, not just sports!
When I began dating Dr. Lostpast... one of my first questions was about sports... he liked baseball a little he said... I was relieved since I am not a sports person and games were never going to be a big deal! - October 4, 2010 at 1:40 PM
- Nina Timm said...
My children are always on the lookout for a new dip recipe. I am sure they will love this hot dip!!! Thx for sharing Mary.
God Bless! - October 4, 2010 at 1:47 PM
- Satya said...
super delicious dip ..looks very inviting ..yummy
- October 4, 2010 at 1:49 PM
- Inspired by eRecipeCards said...
Looks so good. Around here (Kansas), we have been so starved for good sporting news, with the Chiefs undefeated, everyone has superbowl fever. I'm gonna wait a bit longer before I plan my menu for the party.
Fun post
Dave - October 4, 2010 at 1:58 PM
- Joanne said...
I have to concede, the only real reason I ever see to watch football is the food. Especially the dips. Love this.
- October 4, 2010 at 2:01 PM
- pigpigscorner said...
Gorgeous dip! So seafoody, creamy..yum!
- October 4, 2010 at 2:50 PM
- Donnie said...
That looks so good and easy. We entertain a lot in the winter and I will be serving this. thanks.
- October 4, 2010 at 3:42 PM
- Rita said...
I have never heard or tasted Hot Clam Dip. I know someone in this house who would love me to try this recipe.
- October 4, 2010 at 3:42 PM
- Victoria said...
What a very interesting dip! It's a good idea for a little snack! Have nice day :)
- October 4, 2010 at 4:22 PM
- What's next said...
That looks very good... I've never made anything with clams.. I need to try this!
- October 4, 2010 at 5:27 PM
- Nancy said...
Having just returned from Duck territory, I know of what you speak. This dip looks amazing.
- October 4, 2010 at 5:28 PM
- Leslie said...
Ohhhh my, I have not had hot clam dip in years and years!!!! YUM
- October 4, 2010 at 5:33 PM
- Marigene said...
Clams are my favorite seafood, this is right up my alley!
- October 4, 2010 at 7:03 PM
- Kath said...
Well, I'd say your college town has every right to be proud of its team this year! (I'm a proud Husky after Saturday's win over USC! And I loved rubbing it in to my husband who graduated from SC.)
Your hot clam dip is perfect for football season. :) - October 4, 2010 at 8:39 PM
- The Words Crafter said...
I know so many people that will love this! Thanks for sharing this and I can't wait to see what they think of it. Hope you're having a great week so far.
- October 4, 2010 at 8:48 PM
- Unknown said...
Any kind of hot dip with seafood - I'm IN! This looks so easy too! A crowd pleaser for seafood/football lovers!
- October 4, 2010 at 8:56 PM
- scrambledhenfruit said...
The dip sounds good- perfect for fall entertaining, football game or not!
- October 4, 2010 at 11:06 PM
- Monet said...
What a wonderful snack for a football party (or any party for that matter!) I love clams, and I'm always in the need for some exciting dip recipes. We get bored with chips and salsa around here. Thanks for sharing love!
- October 4, 2010 at 11:47 PM
- Marguerite said...
This clam dip looks fab and so easy, too! And I bet it would be good with shrimp, too. Thanks for sharing!
- October 5, 2010 at 2:37 PM
- Eliana said...
This dip looks amazing and like it would seriously elevate any game day :)
- October 7, 2010 at 10:19 AM


text:
I'm a posting this today as I understand the importance of standing up for yourself as a designer & your intellectual property rights... to not be scared... to speak out & protect what's rightfully yours.
I have received numerous emails lately from concerned clients, customers & supporters of my work.
It appears that British superstore Marks & Spencer have a design that is well... what can I say... more than 'strikingingly similar' to my 'Etched Floral' hand drawn original design (first published in 2008).
It's one of my signature designs & I just want to point out that I never granted permission for Marks & Spencer to use my design...
My 'Etched Floral' design has been a key print for my brand & has been sold successfully on my own branded products along with achieving international success as a licensed design throughout the UK, Europe & the USA.
Here are the images... I have been told that the top has been produced in at least three different colour ways & has been documented as being displayed in several key window displays from London to Bradford stores & many more...
I wanted to share this with you on the blog to raise awareness.
The 'strikingly similar' design shown in an M&S window display in the Bradford city centre store.
The list goes on... the design has made several appearances on television also.
My blog (as it always is) has been left open for voluntary comments & feedback.


text:
FEATURES Sensorless Vector AC Micro Drive. The VFD-E series represent Delta Electronics low horsepower, constant torque, IP20 rated Drive. Modular in design with flexible extension cards and a built-in PLC function, the E drive offers the ability to write and to execute simple Ladder Logic programs. This state-of-the-art series meets a full range of application requirements.
Delta VFD015E43A
Delta Products
AC Drives, VFD-E Series
Series VFD-E
Drive, AC, 2Hp,460V 3-Phase Input/ 3-Phase Output
Item Number: VFD015E43A
Manufacturer: Delta Products
Item Category: Drives
Subcategory: AC
Series: VFD-E
Nominal Input VAC: 480 Volts AC
Input Range VAC: 380 to 480 Volts AC
HP (CT): 2 Horsepower
Amps (CT): 4.2 Amps
Input Phase: 3
Operator Controls: Sold Separately, See Accessories
Max. Frequency: 600 Hertz
Braking Type: DC Injection;Dynamic Braking
Motor Control-Max Level: Open Loop Vector (Sensorless Vector)
Closed Loop: No
AC Line Regenerative?: No
Dynamic Braking Trans?: Included
Enclosure Rating: IP20
Frame Size: A
Height: 5.59 Inches
Width: 2.83 Inches
Depth: 5.98 Inches
Comments: LED Status Indicator Included, Keypad Sold Separately.
VFD-E AC Drive Accessories
Item # | |
Delta KPE-LE02 | KPE-LE02 Optional Keypad |
Delta CME-DN01 | CME-DN1 Internal DeviceNet card |
Delta CME-LW01 | CME-LW01 Internal LonWorks card |
Delta CME-PD01 | CME-PD01 Internal ProfiBus card |
Delta CME-USB01 | CME-USB01 Internal USB communication card |
Delta EME-D33A | EME-D33A Digital I/O Extension card |
Delta EME-R2CA | EME-R2CA 2 Form C relay extension card |
Delta EME-R3AA | EME-R3AA 3 Form A relay extension card |
Delta EME-PG01 | EME-PG01 Encoder feedback card |
Delta EME-A22A | EME-A22A Analog I/O Extension card |
Delta CME-COP01 | CME-COP01 Internal CANopen card |
Delta MKE-DRA | MKE-DRA Used on VFD-E Frame A |
Delta MKE-DRB | MKE-DRB Used on VFD-E Frame B |
Delta MKE-EP | MKE-EP Earthing Plate |
Delta MKE-HUB01 | MKE-HUB01 HUB |
Delta EG3010A | 3 Meter Keypad Extension Cables |
Delta RC-01 | RC-01A Remote Start/Stop station |
Delta BUE-20015 | BUE-20015 Brake Unit |
Delta BUE-40015 | BUE-40015 Brake Unit |
Delta BR200W150 | Braking Resistor |
Delta BR200W250 | Braking Resistor |
Delta BR300W400 | Braking Resistor |
Delta BR1K2W008 | Braking Resistor |
Delta BR1K5W005 | Braking Resistor |
Click on the links below to see Drawings and Specs:
Purchase your Delta VFD015E43A TODAY!
You Can Purchase your Delta AC Drive Panels with bypass and line reactor HERE
! Please call, or email your Specs. !
Delta Bypass Panels play an important role in a system to reduce energy usage,optimize AC motor speed control, extend motor life, and reduce overall cost. The bypass capabilities allow the motor to be operated from either the Delta VFD or at full speed, directly across the line. The Delta Bypass Panel sets a benchmark for cost, performance, quality, and custom engineered bypass panels. Delta offers both the standard bypass panel, or our custom engineered panel to fulfill all your specification requirements.


text:
Most businesses come into being because an entrepreneur has identified a niche in the marketplace – and in the early months or years there may be relatively little pressure from competitors. But your very presence in the marketplace invites competition, and before long you find yourself in a tightening market with competitors, large and small, snapping at your heels. How do you stay ahead of them?
Market drivers
Markets rarely afford you the opportunity to rest on your laurels. The key to remaining competitive is knowing the principal drivers in your marketplace and developing and positioning products and services accordingly.
In essence, this means keeping one eye on your customers or clients and striving to delight them, and keeping the other eye on your competitors and striving to outshine them.
Customer focus
Successful businesses know their customers, understand their present needs, and successfully anticipate their future needs. Customers and clients are brought into active partnership with a goal of total customer satisfaction. Their level of satisfaction is constantly measured and their complaints and suggestions taken seriously.
Leading edge businesses strive not to meet their customers' expectations, but to exceed them. At the very least, this means excelling on quality, delivery, and price, often in that order.
But many businesses these days regard these as the minimum requirements for surviving in the marketplace. To gain a competitive edge you need to continuously introduce innovative products or services customised to meet specific customer or client needs.
As your market niche becomes crowded with competitors it becomes harder to maintain your differentiation. When this happens you have to continuously reinvent your market niche through innovation:
- Create a corporate culture that encourages and rewards innovation
- Whenever you introduce a new product or service make sure your development team are already working on the next one
- Keep one eye on new technologies, developments in legislation, etc. and learn to exploit them to gain a competitive edge
- Constantly strive to improve speed to market
- Do not reveal future developments to the marketplace any sooner than you need to – keep your competitors in the dark for as long as possible
To drive innovation, you need a constant stream of ideas:
- Listen to your customers – their complaints as much as their suggestions
- Talk to your suppliers about their future developments
- Monitor your competitors' future plans
- Encourage your employees, especially those in direct contact with customers or clients, to suggest innovations
- Facilitate public visits to your premises and listen to the feedback
- Visit other businesses, even those in different sectors, to encourage lateral thinking
Know your competitors
One thing is certain – if you are successful in developing products or services that delight your customers or clients, competitors will appear like stars on a clear night. Therefore, the more successful you are, the more adept you will need to become at monitoring your competitors and anticipating their next moves.
First make sure you know who your competitors are:
- Direct competitors – businesses that compete with you head to head
- Indirect competitors – for example, a nightclub that might tempt customers away from your restaurant
- Potential competitors – companies that might move into your market in the future
Assign people to monitor them constantly, and gather as much information on their activities as possible.
SWOT the competition
A useful tool for staying ahead of your competitors is a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis. First analyse your competitors' strengths and weaknesses in areas such as price, added value, customer service, location, management expertise, reputation, convenience, skills base, advertising, and marketing, and compare them with your own. Try to find ways to turn their weaknesses into your strengths.
Then look at how well placed they are to respond to various threats and opportunities. These are usually factors outside their control such as developments in technology, changes in legislation, or new entrants into the marketplace. Look for ways to turn their threats into your opportunities.
Never take your eye off the ball as far as your competitors are concerned – and never underestimate their potential to wrong foot you. Whether you are watching them or not, you can be sure they are watching you!


text:
World's First Electric Bus with Bombardier's PRIMOVE System Begins Revenue Service
March 27, 2014 in Electric Bus, Electric Vehicles, EV News
- BOMBARDIER PRIMOVE e-mobility solution for electric buses in public service for the first time in Braunschweig, Germany
- World's first inductive fast charging system with 200 kW in passenger operation
- Automatic wireless charging for trams, buses, trucks and cars opens up new possibilities for environmentally friendly, quiet and convenient transportation
Transport operator Braunschweiger Verkehrs-AG's first electric bus equipped with Bombardier PRIMOVE technology began revenue service today in Germany. In the presence of senior federal and state representatives, the PRIMOVE electric bus completed its first regular passenger service in the city. This marks another important milestone for the practical application of the PRIMOVE system.
The passenger service has started with a 12 m long electric solo bus operating on the central circular line M19. From October, four additional 18 m articulated e-buses will be phased in. It will be the first time that eco-friendly 18 m electric buses have replaced conventional buses in regular passenger operation.
Each bus is equipped with the wireless PRIMOVE fast-charging system and the new PRIMOVE high-performance batteries. In Braunschweig, the world's first inductive charging system is coming into use. With an output of 200 kW, it charges electric buses in just a few seconds, enabling them to cover the distance to the next charging station with ease.
In recent weeks, the 12 m e-bus already approved by TÜV SÜD underwent final system and load tests, enabling the TÜV approval of the entire PRIMOVE system in Braunschweig in time for the start of passenger operation. These included 280 recorded charging cycles, almost 3,000 km travelled electrically and various tests for electrical safety and electromagnetic emission.
For passengers, the PRIMOVE system will remain largely inaudible and invisible. The electric buses are not only quieter and cause less vibration than conventional diesel buses, they also accelerate more evenly – a much smoother ride awaits passengers in Braunschweig. The PRIMOVE high power charging pads embedded in concrete are installed under the road surface at the main station and at selected stops. The primary electrical installation is also integrated underground at the bus stops. The cooling units for those wayside power electronics have been neatly integrated into an advertising pillar and the shelter at the bus stop. The location of primary and wayside components underground or in existing street furniture offers great advantages to urban planners compared to conductive charging solutions.
As the world's leading rail technology provider, Bombardier has a clear vision of the cities of tomorrow. We imagine cities where all vehicles are electric and where mass transit vehicles do not alter the landscape but seamlessly integrate to provide quiet and emission-free urban mobility. With the PRIMOVE portfolio, Bombardier is paving the way for transport operators and vehicle manufacturers to make an easy and convenient transition to electric mobility for all electric vehicles – from trams and buses to trucks and cars. The start of passenger services with the first PRIMOVE electric bus in Braunschweig proves that this vision has matured from an innovative idea to reality.
About the PRIMOVE Pilot project in Braunschweig
Under the term "emil" (electric mobility by means of inductive charging), the Technical University of Braunschweig and the energy supplier BS | Energy are participating as partners in the innovative project in Braunschweig along with Braunschweiger Verkehrs-AG and Bombardier. It is being funded by the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure.
The electric buses from the manufacturer Solaris are fully charged overnight in the bus depot. A quick recharge of the batteries during the regular 10 minute interval at the last station is sufficient to ensure the smooth operation of the12 m solo e-bus on the 12 km route. The 18 m articulated buses require more energy and are therefore additionally charged for a few seconds at two intermediate bus stops. This custom-made charging concept ensures a maximum battery life and an uninterrupted operation with a clean e-mobility solution on the existing bus route.
An overview of how the PRIMOVE system works and how it compares to diesel buses is available on YouTube:
About the PRIMOVE portfolio
With its flexible PRIMOVE portfolio, Bombardier offers the world's only one-stop shop for true e-mobility: The fully integrated system for electric rail and road vehicles allows cities and the transport industry to easily incorporate electric mobility. The complete package includes the inductive PRIMOVE fast charging system, the lightweight, long-life PRIMOVE batteries and the efficient PRIMOVE propulsion.
Further PRIMOVE projects
Bombardier is currently also working on implementing its PRIMOVE system for electric buses in Mannheim and Berlin, Germany, and in Bruges, Belgium. For the booming Chinese city of Nanjing, trams are being equipped with lightweight and long-life PRIMOVE batteries. In addition, tests with a dynamically charged truck were successfully completed in Mannheim in January 2014.
About Bombardier
Bombardier is the world's only manufacturer of both planes and trains. Looking far ahead while delivering today, Bombardier is evolving mobility worldwide by answering the call for more efficient, sustainable and enjoyable transportation everywhere. Our vehicles, services and, most of all, our employees are what make us a global leader in transportation.
Bombardier is headquartered in Montréal, Canada. Our shares are traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange (BBD) and we are listed on the Dow Jones Sustainability World and North America Indexes. In the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013, we posted revenues of $18.2 billion. News and information are available at bombardier.com or follow us on Twitter @Bombardier.
This article is a repost, credit: Bombardier. Video courtesy of Bombardier.