text:
I extracted the following number of SNPs from the different individuals, that were in common with my main HGDP reference:
- 15,734 SNPs: Gok4 (TRB / farmer)
- 15,385 SNPs: Ajv52 (PWC / hunter-gatherer)
- 25,108 SNPs: Ajv70 (PWC / hunter-gatherer)
K7b and K12b are based on a set of 166,770 SNPs, so I intersected the SNPs of the ancient individuals with them, resulting in:
- 4,054 SNPs: Gok4
- 4,077 SNPs: Ajv52
- 6,631 SNPs: Ajv70
A problem with comparing against extant populations, rather than ancestral components is that relationships are averaged: for example, Turks in Skoglund et al. appear quite distant to both Neolithic groups, but we cannot know to what extent this is due to their small levels of central/east Eurasian ancestry and to what extent this is due to their native Anatolian ancestry.
We now have two ancient autosomal DNA sampling locations, and both turned up unexpected results. The Iceman, a Copper Age inhabitant of the Alps resembled modern Sardinians. A Megalithic Swedish farmer resembled Southern Europeans, while his hunter-gatherer contemporaries were outside the range of modern variation. These results should give us caution about the identity of past populations elsewhere.
As I have argued elsewhere, the past seems to have been much more dynamic than many had suspected, and the people that walked and rowed to the ends of the Earth during the Upper Paleolithic did not suddenly grow fetters or decided to stay put during the Neolithic as many "Paleolithic continuity" adepts had proposed.
A couple more caveats:
- Irrespective of their actual origin, these individuals would still be inferred to be some admixture of the ancestral components adding up to 100%. This hints at their affiliations, but does not -in itself- supply evidence of their absolute proximity to the ancestral components.
- As more and more ancient individuals are sampled, we will be able to generate genuine ancient populations that are ancestral to modern ones. When that happens, we can directly test modern individuals against panels of ancient ones. For the time being, we have to make do with the reverse, i.e., test ancient individuals against panels of modern ones.
In all comparisons with other K7b results, you should take into account the much smaller number of SNPs used on the Neolithic remains from Sweden.
The K7b results are below. Consult the spreadsheet for comparative values in modern populations.
The K12b results are below. Consult the spreadsheet for comparative values in modern populations.
The raw percentages can be seen below; I have also added the results previously calculated for Oetzi, the Tyrolean Iceman:
The results for the two hunter-gatherer samples are as expected predominantly "Atlantic_Baltic" at K=7 and "North_European" at K=12. Since these two samples are outside modern variation, it is expected that their mapping may have added noise; see this post about the dangers lurking at the edges of variation.
Nonetheless, the results can be interpreted as reflecting the fact that the "Atlantic_Baltic" and "North_European" components partially reflect the pre-farming population of Europe. At K=12 it is noteworthy that there is a minor "Atlantic_Mediterranean" admixture in the two hunter-gatherer samples. In my opinion, this may reflect either some level of admixture with the incoming farmers and/or the pre-farming component (but of Western European rather than Baltic type) that may also exist in these foragers. On balance, however, the "North_European" component far outweighs the "Atlantic_Mediterranean" one, which is also consistent with their location (Gotland) which ties them to the Baltic rather than Atlantic Europe.
The farmer sample is remarkable in that, like the Tyrolean Iceman, she seems to be made up entirely of "Atlantic_Baltic" and "Southern" at K=7. There is a hint that the order of the two components are reversed in Gok4 relative to Oetzi, which probably makes sense. The third major West Eurasian component at this level of resolution, the "West Asian" one is conspicuously absent. This component -bimodal in the Caucasus and Balochistan, and strongly represented in the highlands of West Asia in between the two- does occur at ~10% in modern Northern Europeans, so its absence in all Neolithic samples so far hints at its later introduction into at least parts of Europe.
The result at K=12 is fascinating, since Gok4 turns out to be 81% "Atlantic_Mediterranean", and, like Oetzi, with a noticeable "Southwest_Asian" strain. The "Atlantic_Mediterranean" component is bimodal in modern Sardinians and Basques, while the "Southwest_Asian" radiates from southern parts of the Near East into Mediterranean Europe.
Gok4 appears to be "even more Atlantic_Mediterranean" than any modern population. As I mention in the original post, the inhabitants of megalithic monuments of North-Western Europe were believed by Coon to belong to a "Long Barrow type" which he considered ancestral to the modern "Atlanto-Mediterranean" type. Here is his description:
Toward the end of the Neolithic period, the western Mediterranean countries were invaded by seafarers of a tall, exceptionally long-headed Mediterranean variety; some of these invaders passed through the Straits of Gibraltar, whence they also invaded the British Isles and Scandinavia.I would say that the evidence is not incompatible with this scenario. We must probably wait to see whether Gok4 was descended from seafarers from the eastern Mediterranean (where the "Southern" component is modal), following the Mediterranean and then Atlantic coasts up to Scandinavia, or whether they are descended from a different group of people who followed the plains and river valleys of the Balkans and Central Europe and arrived to the north via the inland route. The strong Atlantic_Mediterranean result, coupled with high levels of allele sharing in Cyprus, Greece, France, and the Netherlands, but not particularly in the northern Balkans leads me to prefer the maritime colonization scenario, at least for now. Ancient DNA from more European regions will hopefully help us better understand "what really happened in prehistory."


text:
Troy Polamalu Pittsburgh Steelers Mitchell & Ness Legacy Replica Jersey - Black
Troy Polamalu Pittsburgh Steelers Mitchell & Ness Legacy Replica Jersey - Black
Regular price
Regular price
Sale price
Unit price
You're a massive Pittsburgh Steelers fan and also loved watching Troy Polamalu play. Now you can show off your fandom for both when you get this Troy Polamalu Pittsburgh Steelers Legacy replica jersey from Mitchell & Ness. It features distinctive throwback Pittsburgh Steelers graphics on the chest and back perfect for wearing at a home game. By wearing this jersey you'll be able to feel like you're reliving some of the great plays that Troy Polamalu accomplished to lead the Pittsburgh Steelers to glory.
- Product ID: 5041184
- Brand: Mitchell & Ness
- Imported
- Embroidered NFL Shield at collar
- Embroidered twill graphics
- Mesh fabric
- Short sleeves
- Side splits at waist hem
- V-neck
- Woven tags at bottom hem
- Sublimated rib-knit sleeve inserts
- Fabric applique sewn on
- Material: 100% Polyester
- Machine wash line dry
- Jersey Color Style: Alternate
- Officially licensed
- Replica

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Returns and Exchanges: We will gladly exchange or refund most unworn and unwashed items in their original condition and packaging within 30 days of purchase. Original shipping charges are not refundable. Exceptions apply. Please note made to order Wallpaper cannot be returned
To begin the return process, please click on "Start A Return" at the bottom of the homepage. Enter in your email address and order number and follow the prompts. If you have further questions, please contact our amazing ED Customer Service Team during the hours of 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday by email to email@example.com for assistance.
Made to Order Items are Excluded from Returns and Exchanges.
How to return a package:
1. Click on Start A Return and submit a claim
2. If your claim is approved, pack all the returned items, along with a copy of your confirmation of purchase email, and a note specifying your RMA number securely in its original packaging. If you prefer, alternate secure packaging may be used.
Go to local post office, or courier of your choice, to ship the package. Return address for the package:*
EDbyEllen.com c/o Primary Logistics
1080b Garden State Road
Union, NJ 07083
ATT: Returns Dept
3. Please provide us the tracking number from post office or couriers if applicable.
4. You will receive a confirmation email as soon as your items are received and refund is approved.
*Please note, you must Start A Return in order for us to process your claim. Any packages sent without initiating a return will be shipped back to sender.


text:
Unlock your financial potential with Selling eBooks: The ultimate guide to profitable online publishing. Turn words into wealth effortlessly.
Gain the skills and credentials to kickstart a successful career and learn from the experts with this step-by-step training course. This Selling eBooks: The Best Way of Making Money has been specially designed to help learners gain a good command of Selling eBooks: The Best Way of Making Money, providing them with a solid foundation of knowledge to become a qualified professional.
Through this Selling eBooks: The Best Way of Making Money, you will gain both practical and theoretical understanding of Selling eBooks: The Best Way of Making Money that will increase your employability in this field, help you stand out from the competition and boost your earning potential in no time.
Not only that, but this training includes up-to-date knowledge and techniques that will ensure you have the most in-demand skills to rise to the top of the industry. This qualification is fully accredited, broken down into several manageable modules, ideal for aspiring professionals.


text:
Wednesday Adams Netflix RD Edible Image Cake Topper Personalized Birthday Sheet Decoration Custom Party Frosting Transfer Fondant Round Circle
- TURN AROUND: Delivery time is around 5-7 days with standard shipping, we also offer express shipping and other faster shipping options, see checkout for details.
- 100% EDIBLE PRODUCT: Allergen Free! Trans-Fat Free! Gluten Free, Nut Free. No Peanut Products Added!
- SHIPPING: 1-Business day for processing and handling.. Check shipping policy for more info.
- USEFUL LIFE: Our cake toppers have a useful shelf life of 6 months.
*Make sure what type of product you need, DIGITAL is sent to your email. PHYSICAL is shipped to your door.
*Digital File, Provided within 1 business day (often sooner).
Amaze all your Guests and that Special Someone with our High-Quality Custom Edible Cake Images that will Seriously Make Memories Last Forever!
Our Super Quality Edible Cake Images are Maybe the Best Finish you can have for any Special Occasion. Our Designers will not only Enhance your Photos but also add a Cool Text or Message to your Print.
So why are our Edible Cake Images Way Better than the Rest?
Designed using REAL Graphic designers with 15+ years experience, our Edible Cake Images are the most impressive on the market, way better than any other competitor. it will look Sensational when shown to family and friends. Our customization skills and ability are Amazing and surpass the usual photo editing capabilities that you'd usually find with other edible photo services.
But it's not just about the visuals it is also the quality of the icing sheets together with the sensationally high-quality edible ink we directly import ourselves from Germany. We actually had a hand in formulating the products to ensure the results were remarkable and almost impossible to replicate !
And again all our Edible Prints are Made using Natural Ingredients, all our Edible Topper Prints use the finest allergen, dairy, nut & gluten-free food-safe icing sheets together with the highest quality edible ink made exclusively in Germany.
Cake Topper Size
- 4" Inches Round
- 6" Inches Round
- 8" Inches Round
- 9" Inches Round
- 10" Inches Round
- 11" Inches Round
They can be applied to all types of mediums: • cakes, cupcakes, cookies, cake pops • buttercream • royal icing • chocolate (poured or pre-made) • fondant • isomalt • icecream ,etc.
These icing sheets are easy to use. Just remove the edible cake topper off the backing and lay it on the top of your cake. We will send you detailed step-by-step instructions with your order. Cake sheets do not need to be refrigerated. however, keep them away from humidity and light by storing them in a cool, dark space, sealed in a plastic bag. Sheets can last up to 12 months when properly stored.
Keep your frosting sheet in its zip-lock bag on a flat surface until you are ready to use it. They do not need refrigeration! Keep the image at room temperature, out of any direct light.
Copyright Disclaimer: The characters or personalities utilized in the designs ARE NOT being sold. They are free and are only being used to personalize your party item. I do not claim ownership of these licensed characters. They are for personal use only for a one time party. They only last a couple of hours after put on a cake and are not meant for memorabilia. All rights and ownership remain with the respective owners.
Type of Image |
PHYSICAL PRODUCT (Shipped to your door), DIGITAL FILE (Provided through email) |
Size |
6 in. Round, 7 in. Round, 5 in. Round, 4 in. Round, 8 in. Round, 2.5 Inches Cupcakes (12 Pieces), 2 Inches Cupcakes (12 Pieces), 9 in. Round, 10 in. Round, 11 in. Round, Digital File (Standard Size) |


text:
The FBI had to rewrite the book on its domestic surveillance activities in the wake of last January's landmark Supreme Court decision in United States v. Jones. In Jones, a unanimous court held that federal agents must get a warrant to attach a GPS device to a car to track a suspect for long periods of time. But if you want to see the two memos describing how the FBI has reacted to Jones — and the new surveillance techniques the FBI is using beyond GPS trackers — you're out of luck. The FBI says that information is "private and confidential."
Yes, now that the Supreme Court ruled the government must get a warrant to use its previous go-to surveillance technique, it has now apparently decided that it's easier to just keep everything secret. The ACLU requested the memos under the Freedom of Information Act — which you can see FBI General Counsel Andrew Weissmann waving around in public here — and the FBI redacted them almost entirely.
Though the FBI won't release the memos, we do have some information from other sources on the surveillance techniques federal agents are already using. And for the most part the FBI contends they do not need a warrant, and one wonders, given the public nature of this information, why they are officially claiming its "secret."
Cell Phone Data Requests
Tellingly, in U.S. v. Jones, after the US government lost its case in the Supreme Court with the GPS device, it went right back to the district court and asserted it could get Jones' cell phone site location data without a warrant. EFF has long argued cell location data, which can map your precise location for days or weeks at a time, is highly personal, and should require a warrant from a judge.
In July 2012, the New York Times reported that federal, state, and local law enforcement officials had requested all kinds of cell phone data, including mappings of suspects' locations, a staggering 1.3 million times in the previous year. Worse, the real number was "almost certainly much higher" given they often request multiple people's data with one request. The FBI also employs highly controversial "tower dumps" where they get the location information on everyone within a particular radius, potentially violating the privacy of thousands of innocent people with one request.
Stingray Interceptors
In late 2012, we reported on the secretive new device the FBI has been increasingly using for surveillance known as a IMSI catcher, or "Stingray." A Stingray acts as a fake cell phone tower and locks onto all devices in a certain area to find a cell phone's location, or perhaps even intercept phone calls and texts. Given it potentially sucks up thousands of innocent persons' data, we called it an "unconstitutional, all you can eat data buffet."
The FBI has gone to great lengths to keep this technology secret, even going as far as refusing to tell judges its full range of capabilities. Recently, documents obtained by EPIC Privacy through a FOIA request shed more light on the devices.
License Plate Readers
In cities across the country, local police departments and other law enforcement agencies are installing automated license plate readers that create databases of location information about individual cars (and their drivers). These readers can be mounted by the side of a busy road, scanning every car that rolls by, or on the dash of a police car, allowing officers to drive through and scan all the plates in a parking lot.
In Washington, D.C., nearly every block is captured by one of the more than 250 cameras scanning over 1,800 images per minute. In Los Angeles, more than two dozen different law enforcement agencies operate license plate readers to collect over 160 million data points. This surveillance is untargeted, recording the movements of any car passes by. In cities that have become partners in the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force, or have entered into another data-sharing agreement, this location information is at the fingertips of those federal agents.
Drone Authorization
On top of all this, the FBI is one of just a few dozen public agencies that has an authorization to fly a drone in the U.S. There is no evidence at this time that they are actively pursuing or using a specific device. But we do know that other branches of the federal government, namely the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), are conducting drone surveillance along the U.S. border, and have at least occasionally loaned these capabilities to other departments. EFF has sued DHS for more information about that program, but in the meantime, as with the redacted documents, information about their use in surveillance remains frustratingly opaque.
Secret Law
This is just the latest example of the Obama administration trying to interpret public laws in secret without adequately informing its citizens. Currently, EFF is suing the government for its secret interpretation of the Patriot Act Section 215, and for secret FISA court opinions that could shed light on the NSA warrantless wiretapping program. In addition, the ACLU has sued the Obama administration for its legal opinion stating it can kill US citizens overseas, away from the battlefield.
Of course, law enforcement needs the ability to conduct investigations. But explaining to the public how it generally conducts surveillance puts no one in danger, and compromises no investigations. After all, criminals have known the FBI has been able to wiretap phones with a warrant for decades and it hasn't stopped them from using wiretaps to catch them.
This information is vital to know if law enforcement is complying with the law and constitution. As we've seen with GPS devices, and we are now seeing with cell phone tracking and the use of Stingrays, law enforcement will push the limits of their authority — and sometimes overstep it — if they are not kept in check by an informed public.


text:
Yesterday could be The Day That Saved Sports.
After two weeks of relentlessly (and unprecedentedly) crappy news – Vick, Donaghy, Bonds, Tour de France – it was never tougher to be a sports fan.
Yesterday's overflow of non-scandalous big news was an amazing reminder: Sports fans are entirely resilient. You could get whiplash with the speed which fans dropped a focus on the bad stuff and turned their attention to the promising.
Some cranks and cynics might gripe about the "Instant History" outlook: What does it say that sports fans are so quick to move on from the soul-sucking news and to embrace the reviving news?
It says this: No matter what the short-term problems, sports are guaranteed to provide SOMETHING that brings us back to a focus on the sports, not the scandals.
On to the rundown...
R.I.P. Bill Walsh: As I said yesterday, he was arguably the greatest – and most influential – offensive mind in football.
(I encourage you to leave Walsh-specific comments in the dedicated Walsh post below this one. Meanwhile, KSK has the definitive -- and simply put -- tribue. Worth your time to read it.)
KG to the Celtics: I gave my analysis in a stand-alone post yesterday afternoon (feel free to leave KG-specific comments there), but let me provide it again:
This is a win-win:
The Celtics become instant contenders in the East – and regain their national relevancy. (The downside? Anything less than an East title is a failure. Welcome to Expectationsville, Celtics Nation. Consider that for a second: No one believes for a second that this team can actually win an NBA title, and even an East title is no lock. This for three players, none of whom have proven to be conference-champion material. Yet the demands are there.)
The T'wolves finally shed The Big Baggage and can begin to reposition themselves as an "up-and-coming" young team, anchored around one of the NBA's best young big-small combos: Al Jefferson and Randy Foye. (Hint to Kevin McHale: Model yourselves after the Warriors and run-run-run.) Their fans get nothing if not renewed hope. And that's not bad.
Interesting takes on KG filtering in. Start with this one from DLIC of Free Darko. I agree: KG has never been a personality that would seem to mesh with Celtics fans' epic sense of entitlement. (By the way, HUGE kudos to Celtics Blog for actually breaking the KG story. Number of mainstream media outlets crediting him? Take the under.)
MLB Trade Deadline: Is the Braves' acquisition of Mark Teixeira enough to shift the balance of power in the NL East?
(That depends on what you think of the Mets' acquisition of Luis Castillo. By the way, speaking of mid-season acquisitions, Pedro is going to make his first minor-league start tonight tomorrow night. If he can return by September 1, that's a bigger pickup than anything anyone else in the NL will do.)
Who's going to get Jermaine Dye? And who's going to get Eric Gagne? (And will the Red Sox get BOTH? They've cooled on Dye in the last half-day, but still, it's possible.)
MLB Milestones Tonight: We're tracking Bonds 755, A-Rod 500 and the one with the best chance of happening tonight: Glavine 300.
MLB Stud: Phillies, who have won 4 straight and are 3 games behind the Mets for first in the NL East. Oh, and they made a deal to trade for Kyle Lohse. Watch that fantasy player wire! Will he help you in a late-season push (or crush your dreams with his inconsistency?)
NFL Training Camp: Frank Gore breaks his hand in the first practice and will likely miss the preseason. This is huge, if only because Gore was poised to become THE hot fantasy football first-round choice. Will it affect his draft status? The team seems to think he'll be ready by the end of preseason. (And MDS says "he'll be fine" over at Fanhouse, and I'll trust his opinion. Bring on the fantasy drafts!)
Speaking of Fantasy Football, I am juggling a ludicrous number of leagues this fall. This one might be the most intriguing: It's Yahoo Sports' Bloggers League, featuring the likes of the guys from Kissing Suzy Kolber, the Mighty MJD, Will Leitch and AJ Daulerio from Deadspin, Orson Swindle from EDSBS, N.O.I.S. -- and me.
I believe you'll be able to follow the league publicly, allowing me to deploy one of my favorite Jackie Childs' lines: "This is the most public yet of my many humiliations." Here's the link to the intro by league Commish, Andy Behrens.
Brady Quinn still holding out: Seriously, ever since the calendar flipped to 2007, this guy has been an all-pro dud – Sugar Bowl, NFL Draft, blogger mockery, and now this hold out. Get over yourself.
Vick Watch: His buddy
NBA Robberies: Were Antoine Walker and Eddy Curry's robberies linked?
College Football: Contrary to speculation that they would take a break in their series,
Quickie Book Club: "Dixieland Delight," by Clay Travis. You'll recognize the name: He's the lead columnist for SportsLine. Also, of anyone in the mainstream media, he's considered a Great Friend of Sports Bloggers. He's also an exceptionally good guy.
But, most importantly, he's written a hell of an entertaining book, which is based on his tour of SEC football schools from last fall. If you love college football, this is a must-have, but even if you don't love college football, it's like hearing awesome road-trip stories told by a great buddy. Travis' stories just happen to include Tim Tebow. Here's an Amazon link.
(Disclosure: Clay and I share a book agent. But just because the sales of Clay's book will almost assuredly help pave the way for my own future book deal, don't buy it for that... if "don't" means "do!")
UPDATE: Former ESPN anchor star Robin Roberts has revealed she has breast cancer. She remains one of the Top 3 greatest talents every produced by the network -- as her full-time gig hosting Good Morning America affirms. Here's to her full and healthy recovery.


text:
- Canarias_1KG 2
- Galicia_1KG 8
- Aragon_1KG 6
- Valencia_1KG 12
- Andalucia_1KG 4
- Murcia_1KG 8
- Baleares_1KG 7
- Cataluna_1KG 9
- Pais_Vasco_1KG 8
- Cantabria_1KG 6
- Extremadura_1KG 8
- Castilla_La_Mancha_1KG 6
- Castilla_Y_Leon_1KG 12
The one population that stands out in this set is that of the Basque Country (Pais_Vasco_1KG) which appears, like the HGDP French_Basque population to differ from its neighbors in having near zero of the "Caucasus" component.
I first speculated that some of the IBS sample were of Basque origin during the summer, and it seems that this was indeed the case.
The paucity of the "Caucasus" component in Dodecad, HGDP, and now 1000 Genomes Basques, together with the paucity of the "Caucasus"/"Gedrosia" components in Finns compared to northern Balto-Slavs and Scandinavians respectively is very suggestive, since these are the two major non-Indo-European speaking populations of Europe. (*)
In my opinion, these comparisons add weight to the growing body of evidence that the PIE Urheimat is to be sought in the territory of West Asia, as a secondary movement, about 8,000 years, ago of the broader series of expansions that began from this area 12,000 years ago.
(*) Hungarians are also non-Indo-European, but they seem to have received their language in historical times through a process of elite dominance.


text:
Aziz Huq
Aziz Huq | |
Title(s) | Assistant Professor of Law |
Law school | University of Chicago Law School |
Subject(s) | Constitutional Law I: Governmental Structure Federal Counterterrorism Law Greenberg Seminar: Race and Place in Chicago Workshop: Constitutional Law Workshop: Constitutional Law Workshop: Constitutional Law |
Outline(s) | |
Website | www.law.uchicago.edu/node/555/courses |
Aziz Huq is a law professor at University of Chicago Law School. Subjects taught by Aziz Huq include Constitutional Law I: Governmental Structure, Federal Counterterrorism Law, Greenberg Seminar: Race and Place in Chicago, Workshop: Constitutional Law, Workshop: Constitutional Law, and Workshop: Constitutional Law.
This article about a law school professor is just a stub. You can be the first to contribute! To start, just click the "edit with form" tab at the top of the page and start editing. Note that you may not submit copyrighted materials without the author's permission.
Delete this stub note from the page once it's got some substance to it. (If you are using the wikitext editor, you can do so by deleting the text Also, please try to fill in some of the form blanks, such as the school, subject taught, Alma mater, or even upload a good picture if you have one. If you have any outlines from classes taught by this professor, please go to Class-Specific Outlines to upload them. Thanks for participating! |


text:
Elvis' #1 Pop Singles on Cashbox, USA: Heartbreak Hotel (1956) Don't Be Cruel (1956) Hound Dog (1956) Love Me Tender (1956) Too Much (1957) All Shook Up (1957) Teddy Bear (1957) Jailhouse Rock (1957) Don't (1958) Stuck On You (1960) It's Now Or Never (1960) Are You Lonesome Tonight? (1960) Surrender (1961) Good Luck Charm (1962) Return To Sender (1962) In The Ghetto (1969) Suspicious Minds (1969) Burning Love (1972) (The Cashbox chart is now defunct) Elvis Facts: Elvis was 5' 11" tall Elvis' natural hair color was dark blond Elvis' blood type was O Positive Elvis' shoe size was 11D One of Elvis'( maternal) ancestors, Morning White Dove (born 1800, died 1835), was a full-blooded Cherokee Indian Elvis' uncle, Noah Presley, became Mayor of East Tupelo on January 7, 1936 The Presley family moved to Memphis on November 6, 1948 Elvis was issued a Social Security card in September 1950 with the # 409-52-2002 In 1954 some of the shows played by Elvis & The Blue Moon Boys were at the Overton Park Shell; the Bel-Air Club; Sleepy-Eyed John's Eagle's Nest Club and the Louisiana Hayride Elvis' first manager was Scotty Moore, then Bob Neal, before signing with Colonel Tom Parker The first DJ to play an Elvis record was Fred Cook (WREC), not Dewey Phillips (WHBQ). However, Dewey had the distinction of being the first DJ to play an Elvis record in its entirety Elvis once dated famous stripper, Tempest Storm Elvis was filmed from the waist up only during his 3rd and final appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show In the 50s Elvis was friendly with rising stars, Natalie Wood, Robert Wagner and Ty (Bronco Lane) Hardin Gladys Presley was 46 years old when she died, not 42, as many books suggest The Roustabout album sold 450,000 copies on its initial release, 150,000 copies more than any of the preceding three soundtrack LPs. It was Elvis' last "soundtrack" album to reach #1 on the major album charts in the US Elvis received $1m for filming Harum Scarum (aka Harum Holiday). The film grossed around $2m in the US Elvis and Priscilla married on May 1, 1967 They were officially divorced on October 9, 1973 Elvis earns nearly $3.5m in 1968 and pays just over $1.4m in income tax Elvis' return to live performing in Las Vegas on July 31, 1969 was in front of an "by invitation only" audience. Stars in attendance included Wayne Newton, Petula Clark, Shirley Bassey, Burt Bacharach and Angie Dickinson On January 9, 1971, the national Junior Chamber of Commerce (Jaycees) announced Elvis as one of "The Top Ten Young Men of the Year". Elvis spoke at the official awards ceremony on January 16 "Elvis: Aloha From Hawai" made entertainment history on January 14, 1973, when it was beamed around the world by satellite. In the Philippines it drew 91% of the audience, in Hong Kong 70%. The viewing audience was estimated at more than 1 billion For his 4 week Hilton Vegas season in August 1973 Elvis received $610,000 Sales of Elvis' 1973 album, Raised On Rock, were less than 200,000 units on its initial release Elvis paid $2,959,000 in income tax in 1973 In December 1976 Elvis was sworn in as a special deputy sheriff of Shelby County (Memphis) by Sheriff Gene Barksdale Elvis' final live concert was in Indianapolis on June 26, 1977 When Elvis died, he and his father Vernon, were embroiled in an FBI investigation called Operation Fountain Pen More than 1,500 books have been published about The King in more than 30 languages At Dec 2005 Elvis' biggest selling album in the US is the budget priced, Elvis' Christmas Album, with accredited sales of 9 million units (fingers crossed it reaches 10 million to give Elvis his first "Diamond" award) By early2006, Sony BMG's "collectors label", Follow That Dream, had released more than 50 Elvis CDs During the 1980s, tour guides at Graceland stated that Elvis' biggest selling album (globally) was Moody Blue, with sales exceeding 14 million While Sony BMG estimates Elvis' global sales exceed 1 billion, the company is unable to substantiate this figure. Accredited sales worldwide are estimated to be less than 400 million |
plus "late 2005" releases and "2007" titles
* Region Codes: Region 0: Plays on ALL DVD machines Region 5: Plays on DVD machines made for Russian States, India and Africa Region 6: Plays on DVD machines made for China
Quote: "Elvis Presley is the supreme socio-cultural icon in the history of pop culture" (Dr. Gary Enders) Quote: " Elvis is the 'glue' which holds our society together....which subconciously gives our world meaning" (Anonymous) Quote: "Eventually everybody has to die, except Elvis" (humorist Dave Barry) Quote: "He is the "Big Bang", and the universe he detonated is still expanding, the pieces are still flying" (Greil Marcus, "Dead Elvis") Quote: "I think Elvis Presley will never be solved" (Nick Tosches) Quote: "He was the most popular man that ever walked on this planet since Christ himself was here" (Carl Perkins) Quote: "When I first heard Elvis' voice I just knew I wasn't going to work for anybody...hearing him for the first time was like busting out of jail" (Bob Dylan) Quote: "When we were kids growing up in Liverpool, all we ever wanted was to be Elvis Presley" (Sir Paul McCartney) Quote: "You can't say enough good things about Elvis. He was one of a kind" (Johnny Cash) Quote: "It isn't enough to say that Elvis is kind to his parents, sends money home, and is the same unspoiled kid he was before all the commotion began. That still isn't a free ticket to behave like a sex maniac in public" (Eddie Condon, Cosmopolitan) Quote: "Well, he wasn't shy, and he wasn't the mama's boy they often make him out to be" (Barbara Pittman) Elvis records reaching #2 & #3 on the Cashbox Pop Singles chart: #2: A Fool Such As I (1959) #2: A Big Hunk Of Love (1959) #3: Hard Headed Woman (1958) #3: One Night (1958) #3: (You're The Devil) In Disguise (1963) Elvis Facts: Tickets for Elvis' show on March 29, 1957 in St. Louis cost $2.00 to $2.50 While in Germany Elvis was hospitalised with tonsillitis in October 1959 Despite being an illegal immigrant, photographic evidence shows Colonel Tom Parker traveled to Canada with Elvis in 1957 Elvis strongly believed there weren't enough good songs in King Creole to justify releasing a soundtrack album. RCA initially agreed, releasing two very successful EPs from the movie. A soundtrack LP eventually followed During the 1960s Elvis had his own football team, Elvis Presley Enterprises, which played in the Menphis touch football league. In the 1962 final, EPE narrowlt lost to Delta Automatic Transmission. 6-13. In Clambake, (Elvis) Scott Hayward's driving licence shows February 23, 1940...taking 5 years off Elvis' real age In the 1970s Elvis was ofered $5m to stage a concert in front of the Pyramids in Egypt. When the Colonel declined the offer, Saudi billionaires raised the offer to $10m |


text:
TECNO B1f Factory Signed Firmware
How to flash / unbrick a Tecno POP 2F B1f
Install ROM:
– Unpack FlashTools, and Click on Flash_tool.exe
– Select "scatter-Loading" and search MT6580_Android_scatter.txt in ROM
– Wait file to be added into Flash Tool
– Select "Download Only" or if upgrade "Firmware upgrade"
– Turn off your phone, remove the battery (if the battery is removable) and replace it after some seconds (and don't turn on the phone).
– Press "Download" button to start
– and connect your phone into the computer via USB data cable.
– The process will start and a red progress bar will appear after color purple, yellow.
– And green circles display
– Finish !
– You can now safely disconnect your phone and turn it on.


text:
Over the years, Warren Buffett has gotten a lot of miles out of his folksy charm and ability to distill elaborate financial concepts into plain English. And recently, proponents of higher tax rates for the wealthy have gotten a lot of miles out of those qualities too, as the world's fourth richest man has advocated repeatedly for just that policy. This week, Buffett was at it again — this time in the New York Times Op-Ed section — calling for, among other things, a higher capital-gains tax rate.
For years, capital gains have generally been taxed at a lower rate than ordinary income, partly in order to spur investment. The idea is that if taxpayers spend their money by investing in wealth-creating enterprises, then we'll all be better off than we'd be if they simply spent their money consuming luxury goods or expensive vacations.
(MORE: Why the Fiscal Cliff Is the Wrong Thing to Worry About)
But Buffett took aim at this logic, writing:
Suppose that an investor you admire and trust comes to you with an investment idea. "This is a good one," he says enthusiastically. "I'm in it, and I think you should be, too."
Would your reply possibly be this? "Well, it all depends on what my tax rate will be on the gain you're saying we're going to make. If the taxes are too high, I would rather leave the money in my savings account, earning a quarter of 1%." Only in Grover Norquist's imagination does such a response exist.
Basically, Buffett is arguing that investors will invest, regardless of what portion the government takes out of their profit after the fact, and that we shouldn't worry about using the tax code to encourage investment. Instead, he suggests, we should worry that a lower capital-gains rate is unfair to those who make most of their income from labor, which is taxed at a higher rate under current law. It's this wrinkle in the tax code, after all, that allowed Mitt Romney to pay such low effective tax rates in 2010 and 2011.
(LIST: The 10 Best (and Most Unusual) Employee Perks)
So who is right? Economists on the left, like Jared Bernstein, former chief economic adviser to Vice President Joe Biden, argue that the evidence shows that higher capital-gains tax rates do not lead to less investment. In a blog post last summer, Bernstein cited several studies that show that changes in the capital-gains rate had negligible effects on investment. He wrote:
There are a few economic principles that we consistently get wrong in ways that do lasting damage to our economy and diminish our future. At the top of this list are arguments about large behavioral responses to changes in tax rates. I don't think it's zero, but I've simply never seen compelling evidence that tax increases significantly hurt growth, labor supply, jobs, wages, or that rate decreases provide much of a boost the other way.
Conservatives tend to respond that the reason it's difficult to demonstrate empirically the negative effects of higher capital-gains taxes is that economies are huge, complex beasts full of moving parts. The dramatic economic growth of the Internet boom, for instance, may have drowned out the disincentives of higher capital-gains taxes when President Clinton briefly raised them in the 1990s — but that doesn't mean that negative effects didn't exist.
Another conservative line of argument is that capital-gains taxes raise the cost of capital for companies. Firms get equity capital from the stock market by issuing shares. If dividends and capital gains on those shares are taxed at a higher rate, then the value of those shares to investors will decrease and as a result, corporations won't be able to raise as much money and will have less money to build factories and hire employees.
(MORE: Regulatory Report Card: How Effective Was Mary Schapiro as SEC Chair?)
Finally, conservatives say that capital-gains and dividend taxes are examples of "double taxation." When a firm whose stock you own pays a dividend, that dividend came out of corporate earnings that have already been taxed. And when you sell a stock and realize a gain, it's quite possible that you bought that stock with money that was already taxed as labor income. If you're a moderately wealthy wage earner already paying a high income tax rate who faces the prospect of paying that same high rate on investment returns, you may not leave your money in a bank account (as Buffett's scenario lampoons), but it's not hard to imagine your deciding to spend that money on luxury goods instead. Why get taxed twice?
Of course, this example of moderately well-off wage earners doesn't represent the majority of investors. Many investors are, like Mitt Romney, already wealthy and simply reinvesting investment income that was taxed at a lower rate. And many more are invested in the stock market through 401(k) plans, which are funded with pretax wages.
Nobody likes taxes. They're are a necessary evil — the only way we can fund government. But given the state of the middle class in this country, it would seem that higher taxes on capital gains, which hit mostly the rich, are one of the more palatable ways we can raise the revenue we need to bring the budget deficit under control. So while Buffett does oversimplify the case for increasing capital-gains taxes, the essence of his argument stands up to scrutiny. If we raise capital-gains taxes just a bit or even change the code so that they match the rates of ordinary income, there will still be investors ready to take advantage of winning investment ideas.
(PHOTOS: The Recession in Pictures: America Copes with a Stagnant Economy)


text:
In this section
Illness and transplantation adolescent issues
Adolescence, alone, is a stressful developmental process even for physically healthy teens. Chronic illness occurring during adolescence further complicates adolescent development. The chronic disorder, treatment requirements, hospitalization and surgery (when necessary), all intensify concerns about physical appearance, interfere with the process of gaining independence, and disrupt changing relationships with parents and friends. Also, adolescent developmental issues complicate a teen's transition toward taking responsibility for managing their illness and learning to comply with recommended treatment.
Developmental complications of chronic illness:
Adolescents who are faced with acute or chronic illness are more likely to experience increased concerns and fears when their illness or healthcare needs conflict with the following normal developmental issues:
- Body image issues
Adolescents are normally focused on the physical changes occurring in their bodies. Chronic illness intensifies these concerns with fears or distortions related to their illness (such as fearing a surgical scar will interfere with physical attractiveness or the ability to wear certain clothes).- Encourage adolescents to share their concerns related to their body and how it may be affected by their illness or treatment.
- Inform adolescents about anticipated physical effects of medications and treatment. Encourage discussion about ways to reduce or cope with the effects.
- Developing independence
Chronic illness frequently interferes with an adolescent's comfort in becoming less dependent on parents. Parents of chronically ill adolescents often are more resistant to adolescent's efforts to act independently. Some ways to address the conflict between normal development of independence, while still addressing healthcare needs of the chronic illness include the following:- Involve adolescents in health-related discussions (i.e., current concerns about their illness, treatment choices).
- Teach adolescents self-care skills related to their illness.
- Encourage adolescents to monitor and manage their own treatment needs as much as possible.
- Encourage the development of coping skills to address problems or concerns that might arise related to their illness.
- Relationships with peers
Chronic illness and treatment often interfere with time spent with peers or in the school setting, which is the adolescent's primary social environment. Self-esteem issues related to acceptance of one's self and concerns about acceptance by others are intensified by chronic illness and related treatment needs. To address these concerns, consider the following:- Encourage spending time with friends as much as possible.
- Discuss concerns about what to share with friends.
- Help adolescents find ways to respond if teased by peers.
- Encourage humor.
- Encourage and assist friends in being supportive.
Non-compliance with medical treatment and teens:
As adolescents with chronic illness learn more about their illness and are encouraged to take responsibility for its management, attempts to make their own decisions about management are common. Trials of decreasing their medication or not taking it without consulting a physician often occur. While this behavior may be developmentally normal, it may create the need for additional healthcare intervention. Angry or self-conscious feelings related to having a chronic illness, or poor judgment in how to cope with their feelings about their illness, might also affect compliance with recommended treatment or management techniques. For example, adolescent diabetics are more likely to use poor judgment in making food choices when they are with their friends. It is important for parents and healthcare professionals working with adolescent patients to help the adolescent develop emotionally healthy ways of living with their chronic illness and its management requirements. Some ways to help adolescents deal with the complications chronic illness often imposes on development may include the following:
- Encourage adolescents to share their ideas and concerns with healthcare professionals.
- When an adolescent's chronic illness reaches an unstable state due to non-compliance of treatment recommendations, encourage discussion of what happened rather than reprimand non-compliance.
- Teach and encourage use of problem-solving skills related to their illness. Ask questions such as: "What do you think you would you do if......?" or "What do you think would happen if........?" Encourage adolescents to ask you the same kinds of questions.
- Seek mental health services when:
- An adolescent seems overwhelmed with emotional issues related to living with a chronic illness.
- A pattern of non-compliance continues.
- An adolescent's development regresses, overly dependent behavior continues or the adolescent withdraws from or gives up interest in age-appropriate activities.
Transplant-related issues and adolescents:
The need for an organ transplant is difficult to understand, accept, and cope with for anyone. The emotional and psychological stress impacts all family members.
For adolescents who are developing the ability to think in new ways and explore new thoughts, the idea of facing transplantation stimulates thoughts, concerns, and questions about their bodies, their relationships, and their lives.
Important factors in helping adolescents cope effectively with a transplantation experience include the following:
- Be honest with your teen about the illness and healthcare needs.
- Include your adolescent in discussions and decision-making related to the need for transplantation, the benefits and the risks involved. This is very important to helping your teen cope with the process and life after transplant.
- Supportive communication is vital. Encourage your adolescent to ask questions and express fears and feelings about how this affects their life.
- Concerns about death and the possibility of dying are difficult to talk about. However, it is important to address this topic with adolescents in any life-threatening situation.
- Encourage hopefulness.
- Encourage humor, as it helps to reduce stress.
- Encourage friends to visit your teen in the hospital, when possible.
- Enlist the help of mental health professionals in addressing fears, feelings, and behaviors that are problematic for your adolescent, or for other family members.
Make an appointment
To make an appointment, call our Central Scheduling team or request an appointment online.


text:
Cell Organelles
cell parts review
Muscle Structure
See how good you are at identifying these sound-alike terms!
Respiratory Organisms
Can you guess the respiratory term described by the accompanying phrase?
Brain & Behaviour
You'll be introduced to the link between brain and behavior.
Cardiac Structure and Function
Answer these questions to show off your knowledge of the heart!
Medical Terminology Hangmoon
Review medical terminology in this game of Hangmoon! ~~~ Hint: some words may include a hyphen before or after the word -suffix, prefix-.
Neurology Anthology
Identify these 25 neurological terms in a marathon game of Hangmoon!
Alterations in the Neurological System
You'll identify disorders and terms associated with the neurological system.
Drugs of the Respiratory System
Test your knowledge of drugs of the respiratory system in this Jeopardy game!
Federal and State Governance of Physical Therapy
Physical Therapist Practice I: Federal and State Governance


text:
Shop For TiresBack To Tire Brands
Caring for Customers' Safety & Satisfaction
Your tire search stops here at Riverside Automotive. We carry an extensive stock of Nexen tires for customers in Morgantown, WV, Cheat Lake, WV, Fairmont, WV, and surrounding areas. We are the go-to Nexen tire supplier in the area for our second-to-none selection.
The Nexen Tire Company was established in 1942 in Korea under the name Heung-A Tire Company. Nexen Tire was recognized as the first Korean tire company in 1956. Nexen Tire began focusing on radial tires and formed an alliance with OHTSU Tire & Rubber to further develop production capabilities in 1985.
Over 60 years later, Nexen Tire continues to grow, opening a second manufacturing plant in 2003 to begin producing performance tires, and a third manufacturing plant in China in 2007 to meet product demand.
Shop our online tire catalog to browse our selection of Nexen tires.
Nexen Tire has been a leader in technological advancement since its foundation, but has been particularly innovative in the 21st century. Nexen received a patent for the manufacturing technology to make rubber/stratified silicate nano-composite tires. The following year, Nexen developed an innovative tread pattern for performance and seasonal tires.
Each and every one of the company's 2,000 employees is committed to producing a safe, superior tire. The variety of Nexen tires available is large enough to suit the needs of just about any driver out there on the road.
Our selection of Nexen tires includes tires for many makes and models of vehicles and fits every budget. Contact us online or visit us to speak with one of our knowledgeable professionals who will help you find the best tires for your vehicle's needs.


text:
WASHINGTON: President Barack Obama's second inauguration is shaping up as a high-energy celebration smaller than his first milestone swearing-in, yet still designed to mark his unprecedented role in American history with plenty of eye-catching glamour.
A long list of celebrity performers will give the once-every-four years right of democratic passage the air of a star-studded concert, from the bunting-draped Capitol's west front of the Capitol, where Obama takes the oath Jan. 21, to the Washington Convention Center, which is expected to be packed with 40,000 ball-goers that evening.The first family will lead a parade of clanging bands, elaborate floats and marchers, including costumed dancers, prancing horses and military units, down Pennsylvania Avenue. The president will dance with the first lady, whose dress seems destined to be most anticipated fashion statement of the second Obama administration.
A new element of the inaugural events will be announced next week, with the appointment of around half a dozen "citizen co-chairs," community leaders from across the country chosen because they represent the president's accomplishments and commitments. They will take part in inaugural events throughout the weekend.Estimates of turnout are 600,000 to 800,000, compared with the 1.8 million in the record crowd on the National Mall four years ago to see the first swearing in of a black president. The mood of this 57th inauguration will be tempered by the weak economy, high unemployment, the aftermath of the Connecticut elementary school shooting and the long war in Afghanistan that's expected to require U.S. combat forces through the end of next year.
Yet developments in the last week have shown that inaugural enthusiasm is high.A limited offering of $60 inaugural ball tickets for the general public sold out quickly, and inauguration planners have tried to crack down on scalping business that's sprung up online. There's an impressive list of celebrities, including Beyonce, Katy Perry and Usher, who have signed on to perform.While organizers said Obama was cutting back the number of balls from 10 last time to just two this year, The Associated Press has learned that they are expecting more than 35,000 to attend the larger of the two and 4,000 to attend a ball in honor of U.S. troops — double the size of four years ago.
Another factor that could increase turnout is the unseasonably warm weather in Washington. Early forecasts indicate that Obama will be taking the oath of office while the temperature is in the 40s, with hardly any chance of precipitation.Steve Kerrigan, president and CEO of the Presidential Inaugural Committee, said that just because the festivities are going to be smaller doesn't mean they are going to be any less significant."What we've been seeing from the very beginning is a passion and energy for this inaugural because people want to be a part of history," Kerrigan said. "This is a moment that's only happened 56 other times."
Obama's speech gives him a moment to command the world's attention on a level that's rare even for a president.If history is any guide, Obama will try to put behind the divisive election. He has the State of the Union three weeks later to make his points on taxes, guns, immigration and other issues. It's a good bet this day will be a patriotic love letter to America."Second inaugurals are often a kind of victory lap speech in a lot of ways, that would go back to Thomas Jefferson in 1805," said presidential historian Leo Ribuffo of George Washington University. "Presidents are often reflecting on accomplishments of the administration and the challenges that will continue into the second term."
The 2009 inauguration will be remembered as a milestone for a nation built on slavery and blood-stained by the civil rights movement. But Obama clearly has that historical context in mind for his second go-round, as evidenced by the Bibles he chose to place his left hand on while taking the oath of office — one owned by Abraham Lincoln and one by Martin Luther King Jr.Their selection is especially symbolic because Obama's second inauguration comes on the federal holiday marking King's birthday and in a milestone anniversary year involving both men. It was 150 years ago when Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation to end slavery, and 50 years ago when King delivered his "I Had a Dream" speech from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial — a monument that will be straight ahead in Obama's sight as he speaks to his country.
"We've got the Bible of the great emancipator on top of the Bible of the leader of the civil rights movement for an African- American president to take the oath of office," Kerrigan said. "It's an amazing moment that people want to touch and feel and be a part of."The inauguration will transform Washington, where most federal offices would be closed for the King holiday, by shutting down streets downtown and bringing regular daily life in the city to a halt. Viewing stands are set up along Pennsylvania Avenue for the parade from the Capitol to the White House. Street lamps will be removed, then replaced at the day's end.
It takes lots of people to pull it all off.There are 550 people working for the Presidential Inaugural Committee, 1,300 members of the military coming in support roles and countless security officials, including police from multiple agencies and Secret Service providing security. The cost is high: Tens of millions of dollars in donations typically are raised to pay for the parade and parties, more than $1 million is appropriated by Congress for the swearing-in ceremony and security costs are kept under wraps but also covered by taxpayers.
Sen. Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., who oversees the ceremony on Capitol grounds, has committed to preventing the crowd problems that marred the 2009 celebration, when thousands of ticketholders got stuck for hours underground in what became known as "the purple tunnel of doom." That 3rd Street tunnel is being closed, and Schumer says there will be better signs to direct attendees, and staff will monitor Twitter and other social media to detect and address any problems.Obama's inaugural theme, "Our People. Our Future," is meant to reflect the strength of Americans, their ability to overcome challenges and the country's diversity. Diversity has been a focus in choosing participants throughout the festivities, with performers representing a range of demographics and parade participants from all 50 states.
The entertainment, too, reflects a variety of musical talents, with Beyonce, Kelly Clarkson and James Taylor performing patriotic standards at the swearing-in ceremony. Others such as Smokey Robinson, Alicia Keys, Brad Paisley, Marc Anthony, Stevie Wonder and the cast of "Glee," are signed up for the other events, including a children's concert next Saturday and the president's two official balls.Obama plans to kick off the weekend's festivities on that Saturday with the National Day of Service, a call for Americans to serve their communities in honor King's legacy. Obama, a former community organizer in Chicago, started the volunteer program four years ago and inaugural organizers say he hopes future presidents will continue it.
The Presidential Inaugural Committee is setting up a fair on the National Mall to encourage service that day and beyond and has staff working in all 50 states to coordinate local programs. Obama, Vice President Joe Biden and their families plan to personally participate in projects in Washington.Also on Saturday, first Lady Michelle Obama and Biden's wife, Jill, are set to host a concert for America's children as they did four years ago. Popular young artists are putting on a show and tickets are being distributed to Washington schoolchildren, among others. The concert will pay special tribute to military families as part of the two women's focus on supporting their service and sacrifice.
At noon on Sunday, Jan. 20, the time the Constitution requires the new term to begin, Obama plans to take his official oath in the White House's Blue Room with some media coverage, while Biden plans an official swearing in at the Naval Observatory. The public ceremony is not being held until the next day because inaugurations historically have not been held on Sundays. – YahooNews


text:
No Queens Bound F Trains To Roosevelt Island Again This Weekend
According to RIOC:
The MTA has advised there will be:More information on subway service disruptions this weekend from the MTA Weekender.
No Queens Bound F-Trains from 10:00 PM Friday, September 14th to 5:00 AM Monday, September 17th
Tram and Red Bus Service will run until 5:00 AM during these service disruptions.
For more information please visit www.mta.info or call 511.


text: Goat cm 16 (6,3 inch) Hand Painted Shepherd Nativity Scene classic Val Gardena wooden Statue peasant styleThe handcrafted wooden nativity scenes of Val Gardena (Canazei Trentino Alto Adige, Italy) are refined collector's items appreciated all over the world. Statues are distinguished by the warmth and naturalness of their faces and by the traditional costumes, faithfully reproduced in every detail.The size refers to the scale of the crib and not to the individual statue. Each piece is finished and painted by hand, so the photos may differ in some detail. Made in Italy.For any question please contact our Customer Service.


text:
Why not?
Because the organization, on the whole, is one that I still respect and would like to support. CFI members at the local level are some of the best people that I've met and have been great promoters of reason, discussion, conversation and fellowship (a word I'll use with a grin, and mean it).


text:
The battle started at 6 p.m. on Thursday. For several hours beforehand, the men of several Free Syrian Army units as well as members of the separate Salafi Ahrar al-Sham brigades operating in this town of 40,000 were busy preparing for the fight. The target was the Kaban checkpoint along the Aleppo-Damascus highway, one of four loyalist outposts ringing Saraqeb.
The young rebels in this town in central Idlib province had been preparing for days for what they feared would be an imminent attack by loyalist tanks and troops surrounding them.
(PHOTOS: The Syrian Arms Race)
But things changed on Wednesday, after the deaths of several senior regime figures in an audacious attack by the Free Syrian Army in the capital Damascus. Armed men, many in pick-up trucks, paraded through the town's main street in impromptu celebrations, shooting their limited ammunition into the air. The crackle of gunfire intermingled with the cries of Allah u Akbar, or God is Great, blaring from the town's mosques. "Your leaders are dead. You are our brothers! Join us!" a call from the mosque said. "We will open our homes to you."
There was a sense of invincibility, or perhaps inevitability, spurred by news flashes pouring in via Arabic satellite channels about mass defections from the regime elsewhere in Syria, and about checkpoints being overrun and their precious booty of tanks, weapons and ammunition falling into rebel hands. "What is wrong with us? Why haven't we done anything yet," said one young activist, Ahmad, as he watched the news. "Is it real? Is it really almost over?" asked a young FSA fighter who took up arms a year ago. "I'm so sick of guns, bullets, bombs."
He didn't have to wait long for his answer. Later that night, just before 11 p.m., a rocket landed near the Brek family home, killing a little girl, her brother and her mother as well as her two aunts and another woman from her family.
Perhaps it was bravado, perhaps it was a sense that the regime was on the back foot, or perhaps it was just a desire to end a drawn-out conflict that had left townsfolk weary, and even little girls able to differentiate the sound of a sniper bullet from other forms of gunfire. Whatever the reason, the rebels of Saraqeb were determined to take out the Kaban Checkpoint on Thursday. There were overnight negotiations (over the phone) with loyalist troops reportedly negotiating their defections. By early Thursday morning, a first lieutenant and 11 soldiers were supposedly ready to switch sides.
Then the regime struck back in earnest. The first tank shell landed on the home of a regime supporter, eliciting smug reactions from many of the young men gathered outside an FSA outpost in one of the town's schools. That turned into peals of laughter when one man drove the white fire truck up the street to put out a small fire near his own home. "He's not from the fire department," said Abu Ahmad. "It's self service," he said, using the English term.
Intense gunfire suddenly erupted. The thud of mortars pounded positions within the town. A helicopter circled overhead before unloading several rockets into a residential area called the northern neighborhood. The power and cell phone service was out, but an hour into the battle several young activists fired up a generator, hooked up an internet connection and called nearby FSA units via Skype asking for help. "Listen brother, the power is out here so the line might cut out. We need RPGs, two, three as many as you have. Brother, it's a very difficult situation now, mortars, tanks and there's a helicopter now too. Whoever can come, come."
Men sped through empty streets on motorbikes, some slinging RPGs and AK-47s on their shoulders. They ferried the wounded to the town's hospitals, car horns blaring to clear the way of the few curious pedestrians who had ventured out of their homes. Most families sought refuge in homes that had basements.
"The rockets are killing us," said Fady, a fighter in full military camouflage, AK-47 between his legs, as he drove along a street at breakneck speed toward the Hassan Hospital. "Except for the day that the army entered the town (on March 24), this is the first time that we see this kind of shelling."
Dozens of men stood outside the Hassan Hospital, waiting to receive the wounded. A lightly wounded man was carried in on a stretcher, a minute later, the men outside the hospital were screaming for a stretcher. Then for more stretchers as five cars unloaded their bloodied passengers. A man covered in black ash and bleeding profusely was carried in on an orange stretcher. Within minutes more than a dozen wounded were ferried in by armed men. One died on the street outside the hospital. His bright red blood formed a pool on the asphalt, as the sad, angry frantic crowd around him cried out "God is Great!"
"Tell the people that there is no more room here!" a man yelled from the hospital steps. "Send them to Shifa (hospital)."
But the cars kept coming, disgorging the wounded. Bloodied bodies were carried in even as others were carried out of the hospital, mainly of the dead. Grown men cried openly. Bloodied footprints covered the tiled floor of the hospital. A few women standing on the hospital steps were crying hysterically.
A woman in a striped burgundy and navy floor-length, long-sleeved dress made her way up the few broad steps to the hospital entrance. "Where is Saddam?" she screamed to anyone, to everyone. The hospital foyer was full of armed men, many of whom had ferried their colleagues as well as wounded civilians. The woman turned from one man to the other, screaming out the same question – "Where is Saddam?"
"I have lost his father today, I cannot lose him too! I want my son!" She could barely stand. Two fighters propped her up, preventing her from collapsing on the blood-soaked hospital floor. She walked up stairs, down stairs, opened every door. "Saddam is fine," somebody tried to tell her. "Then show him to me, where is he!" she said.
She seized on Khaled, a tall middle-aged fighter with graying hair, strapped in a black ammunition vest, with an AK slung across his back. "Where is he?" she yelled at him, grabbing him by his black vest. Khaled did not respond. He could not even look at her. She slapped him. "Where is my son!" He turned away from the mother, forlorn, distraught, deeply troubled.
Her son had been killed but he could not tell her. [UPDATE: Khaled turned out to be mistaken. Saddam had suffered a head wound, was unconscious and thought to be dead. But he survived.]
(READ: Tragedy in a Small Syrian Town)
There was no room inside the bloodied consulting and operating rooms. Two children, a little girl in purple track pants, her head bandaged, and her younger brother, also covered in bandages were walked out of the hospital. They were both covered in a smooth soft dust. They, like so many others, were quickly patched up and ferried out to make way for the stream of others. One man walked out in his black underwear, blood dripping from his bandaged left leg.
Some 20 minutes after she first entered the hospital, Saddam's mother ran out. "He's dead! He's dead!" she yelled. "My boy is dead!" She collapsed on the road outside the hospital, next to the pool of blood formed by the young man who died there. Several armed men tried to console her before ushering her into a car and driving her home.
"Empty the area, empty the area! Three tanks are moving toward us now!" somebody yelled. The crowd scattered. Two teenage boys stood at the ready with an orange stretcher.
Over at the Abdel-Wakil women's hospital, a middle-aged woman with a shrapnel wound to the head waited for a doctor to see her. She cried out for her brother Iyad. She was the only wounded person to make it to the hospital. "A rocket hit our home and our neighbor's house," Iyad said. "My sister, her husband and three children, and my wife and children were all in the house." His white polo shirt was drenched in blotches of blood. "I don't know where my children are," he said. "They're five, eight and 11. I don't know where they are!"
"Take her to the Shifa hospital. She needs a CT scan. We can't treat her here," a doctor in green scrubs said, referring to Iyad's sister. They couldn't find a car to transport her there. "There's no gas," yelled a nurse. "This is all because of you Bashar!" The hated President no longer needs to be named in full.
"The army is here, quickly the army has entered!" somebody yelled from the street. Gunshots rung out. The thumping sound of mortars continued. A car arrived and ferried the wounded woman, as several nurses frantically took turns to use the landline in the hospital's administration office to call their families. (Although cell phone coverage has been out for weeks here, the landlines still work.)
Back at the FSA outpost at the school, armed fighters slowly trickled back from the front and from the hospitals, asking about the dead and the wounded. The checkpoint was destroyed and the 15 or so soldiers manning it all killed. "Nobody expected this kind of retaliation," one young fighter said. "They knew where we were, why didn't they come after us instead of the families?"
At 9 p.m., the Hassan Hospital was still receiving wounded, mainly from the northern neighborhood where several rockets reportedly fell. Khaled, the armed fighter, was still in the hospital. He sat on the hospital steps, ammunition vest and AK-47 still slung across his back. "I've lost my sister in law, my neighbor's entire family today," he said, holding his head in his hands.
"Make way, make way!" several men yelled. A young girl, no more than 4 or 5 was carried in by a man, followed by an older woman on a stretcher and a middle-aged man. Tala, the little girl, was crying for her mother. A nurse searched for a pair of scissors to cut away her blood-soaked pink t-shirt. "Don't be scared my darling," the male doctor told her. She had shrapnel in her bloodied left eye, at least two small pieces lodged in the left side of her bleeding neck. Her short black hair was arranged in two ponytails, tied with pink bands.
"I want my mother," she cried through tears.
"She's coming my darling, she's coming," the nurse said.
The base of the child's head was cut open. A blood-spattered green curtain was drawn in the room as a doctor started stitching her head wound without anesthesia. Her screams pierced the frantic, frenzied cries of others in the hospital that night.
The electricity cut out while Tala was being treated, three times in 20 minutes. Doctors yelled at armed men to get out of the consulting rooms. "She is my aunty, this is my uncle," one armed fighter said, crying as he pointed to the middle-aged couple on the floor.
By 10 p.m., the death toll stood at 25, according to activists. The Hassan Hospital did not have any statistics about the dead and wounded. Many of the dead weren't placed in the town's morgues but were retrieved by their families and immediately buried in the martyrs' cemetery. (As night fell it was simply too dangerous to head to the cemetery to verify the numbers.)
The armed men outside the hospital were angry, hyped up, ready to head back and fight. But in other parts of the town, some civilians, as well as fighters, were questioning if the attack on the checkpoint was worth it, especially given that little ammunition and weaponry was retrieved from the site. "It was too high a price," said one woman. "Too much blood."
"It was a failed operation," one fighter said of the attempt to take the checkpoint.
The mortars and whistling rockets continued well into the night. At 12.04 a.m., one of the town's mosques broadcast a message. This time, it wasn't directed at the loyalist troops surrounding the city, urging them to defect. It was for the townsfolk. "People of Saraqeb, there is a wounded 12-year-old boy in the hospital. We don't know whose son he is."


text:
Posted by hsbt on 8 Aug 2013
We decided to suspend raa.ruby-lang.org, also known as "Ruby Application Archive (RAA)". We have no server or human resources to continue hosting raa.ruby-lang.org. If you still need to browse raa.ruby-lang.org, please visit RAA in the Internet Archive.
The "Ruby Application Archive" was first started in 1997. It moved to raa.ruby-lang.org in 2003 and introduced a lot of useful libraries to Rubyists. Please use RubyGems.org and The Ruby Toolbox instead. Thanks.


text:
Comedian Joan Rivers dead at 81
September 5, 2014 | 7:38am
Joan Rivers, the raucous, acid-tongued comedian who crashed the male-dominated realm of late-night talk shows and turned Hollywood red carpets into danger zones for badly dressed celebrities, died Thursday. She was 81.
Rivers died at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, surrounded by family and close friends, daughter Melissa Rivers said. She was hospitalized Aug. 28 after going into cardiac arrest in a doctor's office following a routine procedure. The New York state health department is investigating the circumstances.
"My mother's greatest joy in life was to make people laugh," Melissa Rivers said. "Although that is difficult to do right now, I know her final wish would be that we return to laughing soon."
Upon hearing of her death, reaction poured out from dozens of notables, ranging from Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to Rivers' peer-in-comedy Don Rickles.
"Knowing her, working with her and enjoying the fun times of life with her was special. She will always be in our hearts," Rickles said in a statement.
Under the immobile, plastic surgery-crafted veneer that became Joan Rivers' unapologetic trademark as she aged, her wit remained as vibrantly raw and unruly as when she first broke her way into a comedy world belonging largely to men.
In a 2010 "Late Show" interview, David Letterman broached the plastic surgery issue: "You don't look exactly like the Joan Rivers I used to know." Rivers didn't flinch.
"Our business is so youthful. ... You do little tweaks, and I think if a woman wants to look good, or a man, do it," she said. "It's not about anybody else."
Fashion and acting were the early dreams of the woman who grew up as a self-described "fatty," but it was humor that paid the bills and ultimately made Rivers a star. She refused to cede the spotlight as the decades passed, working vigorously until her death.
"I have never wanted to be a day less than I am," she said in a 2013 interview with The Associated Press. "People say, 'I wish I were 30 again.' Nahhh! I'm very happy HERE. It's great. It gets better and better. And then, of course, we die," she quipped.
Rivers was a scrapper, rebuilding her career and life after a failed attempt to make it as a late-night host was followed closely by her husband's suicide.
Rivers' style was hard-driving from the start and her material only got sharper. She was ready to slam anyone. A favored target was Elizabeth Taylor's weight ("her favorite food is seconds"), but the comedian kept current with verbal assaults on Miley Cyrus and other newcomers.
With her raspy voice and brash New York accent, Rivers turned the red carpet of the Oscars, Emmys and Golden Globes into a stalking ground for E! Entertainment, where she first began working in 1994. Her familiar query — "Who are you wearing?" — would quickly give way to such snarky commentary as her assessment of Adele's Grammy outfit: The singer looked like she was sitting on a teapot.
The barbs could turn inward as well, with Rivers mocking everything from her proclaimed lack of sex appeal ("my best birth control now is just to leave the lights on") to her own mortality.
In 2007, Rivers and her partner-in-slime, daughter Melissa, were dropped by their new employer, the TV Guide Channel, and replaced by actress Lisa Rinna. But the Rivers' women returned to E! and found new success with "Fashion Police," which Rivers hosted and her daughter produced.
Joan Rivers never relaxed, always looking for the next and better punchline.
"The trouble with me is, I make jokes too often," she told the AP in 2013, just days after the death of her older sister. "I was making jokes yesterday at the funeral home. That's how I get through life. Life is SO difficult — everybody's been through something! But you laugh at it, it becomes smaller."
She had faced true crisis in the mid-1980s. Edgar Rosenberg, her husband of 23 years, committed suicide in 1987 after she was fired from her Fox talk show, which he produced. The show's failure was a major factor, Rivers said. Rosenberg's suicide also temporarily derailed her career.
"Nobody wants to see someone whose husband has killed himself do comedy four weeks later," she told The New York Times in 1990.
Rivers had originally entered show business with the dream of being an actress, but comedy was a way to pay the bills while she auditioned for dramatic roles. "Somebody said, 'You can make six dollars standing up in a club,'" she told the AP, "and I said, 'Here I go!' It was better than typing all day."
In the early 1960s, comedy was a man's game and the only women comics she could look to were Totie Fields and Phyllis Diller. But she worked her way up from local clubs in New York until, in 1965, she landed her big break on "The Tonight Show" after numerous rejections. "God, you're funny. You're going to be a star," host Johnny Carson told her after she had rocked the audience with laughter.
Her nightclub career prospered and by late that year she had recorded her first comedy album, "Joan Rivers Presents Mr. Phyllis and Other Funny Stories." Her personal life picked up as well: She met British producer Rosenberg and they married after a four-day courtship.
Rivers hosted a morning talk show on NBC in 1968 and, the next year, made her Las Vegas debut with female comedians still a relative rarity.
"To control an audience is a very masculine thing," Rivers told the Los Angeles Times in 1977. "The minute a lady is in any form of power, they (the public) totally strip away your femininity — which isn't so. Catherine the Great had a great time."
In 1978, she wrote, directed and co-starred in the movie "Rabbit Test." It had an intriguing premise — Billy Crystal as a man who gets pregnant — but was poorly received. In 1983, though, she scored a coup when she was named permanent guest host for Carson on "Tonight."
Although she drew good ratings, NBC hesitated in renewing her contract three years later. Fledgling network Fox jumped in with an offer of her own late-night show.
She launched "The Late Show Starring Joan Rivers" on Fox in 1986, but the venture lasted just a season and came at a heavy price: Carson cut ties with her when she surprised him by becoming a competitor.
Carson kept publicly silent about her defection but referred obliquely to his new rival in his monologue on the day her show debuted.
"There are a lot of big confrontations this week," Carson said as the audience giggled expectantly. "Reagan and Gorbachev, the Mets versus the Astros, and me versus 'The Honeymooners' lost episodes."
Her show was gone in a year and she would declare that she had been "raped" by Fox; three months later, her husband was found dead.
It took two years to get her career going again, and then she didn't stop. Rivers appeared at clubs and on TV shows including "Hollywood Squares." She appeared on Broadway and released more comedy albums and books, most recently "Diary of a Mad Diva."
She was born Joan Molinsky in Brooklyn to Russian immigrants Meyer Molinsky, a doctor, and Beatrice. Rivers had a privileged upbringing but struggled with weight — she was a self-proclaimed "fatty" as a child — and recalled using make-believe as an escape. After graduating Phi Beta Kappa from Barnard College in 1954, she went to work as a department store fashion coordinator before she turned to comedy clubs. She had a six-month marriage to Jimmy Sanger.
In recent years, Rivers was a familiar face on TV shopping channel QVC, hawking her line of jewelry, and won the reality show "Celebrity Apprentice" by beating out her bitter adversary, poker champ Annie Duke. In 2010, she was featured in the documentary "Joan Rivers: A Piece of Work."
She never let age, or anything, make her sentimental. Earlier in 2014, she got inked: a half-inch-tall tattoo, "6M," on the inside of her arm representing 6 million Jews killed in the Nazi Holocaust. In 2013, she brashly pledged to work "forever."
"You never relax and say, 'Well, here I am!'" she declared. "You always think, 'Is this gonna be OK?' I have never taken anything for granted."
Survivors include her daughter, Melissa and a grandson, Cooper.
BrandSpace Articles
- Latest
- Trending


text:
British Genealogy & Family History Forums FAQ
Here you can find answers to questions about how the board works. Use the links or search box below to find your way around.
vBulletin CMS
The vBulletin CMS allows you and your users to create, edit and publish articles directly to your site. It combines a simple to use content manager with a unique organizational system that lets you control the smallest detail of the site from the number of sections, to the overall layout, to the placement of widgets and displays on each page.
Blog FAQ
The Blog system gives you your own personal space at British Genealogy & Family History Forums. Depending on how the administrator has configured the blog, you will be able to create your own entries and control who may view them.
Helping you trace your British Family History & British Genealogy.
All times are GMT. The time now is 2:52 AM.
Powered by vBulletin® Version 4.2.5
Copyright © 2024 vBulletin Solutions Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
For more than two years, a team of architects, landscape architects and planners at Princeton University has labored to strike a perfect balance between the old and the new. They have balanced between centuries of tradition and plans for innovative new spaces where architects can continue to design buildings that are both of their time and timeless.
The process has been part of the most comprehensive planning initiative in the University's history. The result is a plan that establishes strategies to guide campus development for the next decade and beyond, focused on maintaining a "walkable" campus that grows with a goal of environmentally sustainable development, even as the campus plans for more than 2 million gross square feet of construction by 2016.
"Princeton University's campus is one of its most precious assets," Princeton President Shirley M. Tilghman said. "It has been purposefully designed to support the University's most important goals, providing spaces for active engagement and quiet reflection. This plan will revitalize the best-loved parts of the campus while improving and more fully integrating other areas, and it will allow us to create important new spaces while enhancing the beauty and sustainability of the campus environment."
After making a preliminary synopsis of the plan available in the form of a brochure in January, the University is celebrating the completion of the full plan with a 180-page book, "Princeton Campus Plan: The Next Ten Years and Beyond," being published and made available online Monday, Feb. 18.
In addition to the publication of the Campus Plan book, the completion of the planning effort is being marked with an exhibition Feb. 24-29 in Firestone Library on Princeton's campus and a Feb. 26 panel discussion.
Five architects who have led some of the most innovative planning efforts in the United States over the past 20 years will come together at 5 p.m. in Betts Auditorium in Princeton's School of Architecture for the panel "The Open Campus: A Conversation About the Changing Nature of Campuses and Campus Planning."
A comprehensive plan
The University has engaged in six major planning efforts in its 262-year history, but according to University planners, this is the first that goes beyond examination of the main campus' buildings and grounds to include elements more typically seen in a regional planning effort. More than half the campus will be directly affected by elements of the plan, and a high level of community involvement helped guide recommendations for initiatives that would affect neighborhoods surrounding the campus.
The plan provides strategies for every aspect of development: infrastructure, such as traffic and parking; construction, including project location and sustainability policies, such as new measures for energy conservation and stormwater management; campus landscape; wayfinding measures, such as improved pathways and signage for visitors; and housing for faculty, staff and students.
As stated in the Campus Plan book:
"The plan is ambitious yet subtle: while nearly one-third of the 380-acre contiguous main campus may be rebuilt, the results will integrate the new with the old and weave modern development with the historic campus into a coherent whole. The Princeton campus of 2016 and beyond will have greater definition of the edges where it meets its neighbors; more opportunities for academic and interdisciplinary collaboration; improved facilities for students, faculty, staff and visitors; more sustainable application of infrastructure; and fresh, innovative architecture that is well integrated into the campus and community setting."
According to Mark Burstein, executive vice president of the University and the executive sponsor of the planning effort, while the plan is not to be mistaken for a specific aesthetic design for the campus, it establishes a long-term framework for campus growth in a way that is unique.
"Given the history and importance of the University's campus as a public space in America , any planning effort here would be significant, but some may say our comprehensive approach also moves the evolution of planning forward one or two steps," said Burstein, who helped oversee four other university planning efforts before his tenure at Princeton.
Balancing tradition with a full range of future opportunities for academic, residential, retail and infrastructure improvements, professional planners have worked with University leaders since October 2005 to help Princeton avoid the growth pitfalls that have challenged some other institutions.
The plan explains how density in the historic center at other institutions required expansion to remote properties and satellite campuses, creating separation within the campus community. At Princeton, even though the University has large land holdings separate from the main campus -- across Lake Carnegie -- new growth will be located instead entirely within the compact and walkable space of the main campus.
Tilghman laid the groundwork for Princeton's campus planning effort in 2003 when she led a group of senior University administrators, architects, planners and educators in developing five guiding principles that would inform the University's campus planning initiative:
- Maintain a pedestrian-oriented campus
- Preserve the park-like character of the campus
- Maintain campus neighborhoods while promoting a sense of community
- Build in an environmentally responsible manner
- Sustain strong community relations
In addition to the core historic campus, four emerging neighborhoods lie at the heart of the campus plan: arts and transit, natural sciences, Ivy Lane and Western Way; and Prospect Avenue and William Street. It is these areas that will undergo the most significant transformation over the next 10 years.
Neil Kittredge, a partner of the firm that led the development of Princeton's Campus Plan, Beyer Blinder Belle Architects & Planners of New York, said that working on the University's initiative took his firm's campus planning experience "to a new level." The firm previously has led planning efforts for Columbia University, Indiana University and the State University of New York at Stony Brook, among others.
"It is the most comprehensive and sophisticated plan we have ever undertaken," Kittredge said of the Princeton plan, "and has been one of the most challenging, especially given the fast pace of campus development occurring even during the planning process, to which we needed to be responsive, while still maintaining our focus on the larger goals."
Incorporating a plan in progress
The defining aspect of the planning effort -- and its greatest challenge -- was that it became a working document even as it was being developed. Typically, a plan would be completed before being implemented.
"There were two main challenges," Burstein said. "First, we decided to approach the campus from a comprehensive perspective, and second, the University started to build projects that were directly influenced by the plan even before the planning effort was complete. … The nascent plan needed to influence many construction projects 16 to 18 months before the plan was final."
The new chemistry building became one of the first projects to illustrate how practical solutions to support the Campus Plan's goals could be informed by work on an existing project.
London-based Hopkins Architects, known for its energy-efficient designs, was selected by the University in May 2005 to build a state-of-the-art research facility in the area already occupied by many teaching and research facilities in the southeast quadrant of campus along Washington Road. The building became a "pilot project" for sustainability initiatives that would help reshape the plan even as the plan shaped them, said Natalie Shivers, associate University architect.
"While we were working on sustainable strategies for managing stormwater -- restoration of the stream and woodlands, and development of rain gardens and bioswales -- all these landscape solutions informed solutions for the science neighborhood and other areas of campus," Shivers said. "The development of the proposed sciences green, one of the key campus green spaces planned for the area east of Washington Road, was also shaped both by the building design and also the campus planning effort."
Planning initiatives such as sustainable stormwater management and green roofs have been incorporated also into the newly designed Butler College residential complex -- currently under construction -- and will tie the project into a larger set of sustainable systems on campus.
Other emerging projects integrated into the plan included the Whitman College student residential complex, which incorporated landscape elements of the plan when it opened in fall 2007; the Lewis Library designed by modernist architect Frank Gehry, which is currently under construction in the natural sciences neighborhood conceptualized in the plan; and selection of the site for Princeton's new neuroscience and psychology buildings, which was determined within six months of the planning team's hiring.
"The plan had to be dynamic and flexible from day one, which means that it has been very effective already," Shivers said. "A lot of plans just go on a shelf, and they become a reference, rather than something that is really being implemented, but developing the Campus Plan was a pretty interactive process with building architects, and they did influence each other."
The plan also has been influential in the selection of architects for emerging projects on campus. The University announced in January that Steven Holl Architects, which has offices in New York and Beijing, will design the first building in the new arts and transit neighborhood in the southwest area of campus.
"The plan does not recommend a certain architectural style for different sections of the campus," Burstein explained. "Rather, the plan will have an impact on architects we select by serving as the most important source document for their work as they try to understand the physical context of their project."
The arts and transit neighborhood, for example, is distinguished by intersecting challenges of infrastructure, transportation and zoning. At the same time, it will provide freedom and flexibility for the creative efforts of designers, with several buildings in the arts neighborhood to be designed by different architects.
As the Campus Plan document describes the arts and transit neighborhood:
"Unlike the historical development of cloistered enclosures separating the University from its surroundings, the new arts and transit neighborhood on the western edge of campus will form a public space that is a nexus of both campus and community life."
The arts neighborhood is one of many elements of the Campus Plan developed with a high level of community involvement, which was another distinguishing characteristic of the process to develop Princeton's plan.
Building a sense of community
The plan was discussed on numerous occasions with members of municipal bodies, at community meetings and at open houses, including a "Plans in Progress" event held in November 2006 that was attended by more than 900 people. The University evaluated comments obtained both at those meetings and also through a Campus Plan website established to share the evolving elements of the plan.
"I don't know of any campus planning process at any other university that had as much ongoing community input as we benefited from in preparing this plan," said University Vice President and Secretary Robert Durkee, who oversees the facilitation of relationships between the University and its municipal neighbors. "Many comments and concerns from the community are reflected in the plan."
One example was the application of input from many in the community who hoped the plan would establish an eastern edge of campus beyond which the University would not propose future academic development. While a partial boundary already exists -- at the terminus of existing engineering facilities and parking spaces to the west of Murray Place, but with no established edge immediately south -- the Campus Plan proposes to create an extended eastern edge that would be marked by no future academic development east of FitzRandolph Road.
In a separate effort to be supportive of neighboring Princeton Borough and Princeton Township , the University plans traffic improvements and a transit plaza for its arts and transit neighborhood. The plaza is designed to support a community jitney to be run by the borough, linking the jitney to the small commuter train station adjacent to campus -- known as the Dinky -- and also to the University's Tiger Transit shuttle system that will carry passengers on updated routes through campus and to locations in surrounding neighborhoods.
The plan also proposes a lively new station building for Dinky passengers, a variety of arts venues and retail establishments in the area, and a public arts plaza that will appeal to students, local residents and visitors to the campus and the community.
"The surrounding communities will continue to be involved, especially through the local planning board, in considering proposals for the approval of specific projects," Durkee said. "But there are various ways that go beyond the approval process in which the community also will be involved, such as discussions about the kinds of retail to be included in the arts and transit neighborhood, and we hope they will take full advantage of the expanded access to the arts that the plan proposes."
2016 and beyond
The published Campus Plan will provide a catalyst for further dialogue between local residents, Princeton alumni, parents and other stakeholders that have an interest in how the University grows, planners said.
According to Burstein, a measurement of the success of the ambitious initiatives outlined in the plan will be possible only 10 to 15 years in the future, but one key will be an assessment of how closely the campus' growth adheres to the guiding principles and goals outlined in the plan.
"The plan will be an essential resource for staff working on implementation projects or initiatives that touch planning issues," Burstein said. "The planning process served to bring together information from past master planning efforts on campus, and with the publication of the plan, we hope to prepare for future efforts to enhance the Princeton campus."
The book brings together information from historic campus planning efforts dating back to the mid 1800s, which previously had not been compiled.
According to University Architect Jon Hlafter, this historical information will better equip the University to balance its past and future growth to maintain campus cohesion.
"This campus represents 250 years of the architecture of America," Hlafter said. "There are few if any places that have a more distinguished architectural record to maintain and expand upon. One measure of success would be the extent to which observers could appreciate the placement and design of innovative new buildings as a meaningful and logical extension of what has come before."
Kittredge praised Princeton's efforts to achieve that long-term balance. Because colleges and universities must live with their planning decisions for 50 to 100 years or more, it's important that they plan intelligently for their future, he said.
"With the incredible growth of higher education, the need for new facilities can easily overwhelm the cherished spaces of our historic campuses without careful and sensitive planning," Kittredge said. "Poorly planned development can have unexpected impacts on traffic, the environment and aesthetics, and can limit options for future generations, so taking the long view is essential."
Princeton's Campus Plan applies the principles of "smart growth" to maximize its current resources and maintain its character. The campus will continue to be one of "neighborhoods" while also preserving options for long-term expansion within the campus.
President Tilghman summarized the themes of the University's planning effort in an essay in the published Campus Plan.
"While the beauty of our campus inspires and refreshes us, it also opens our minds to new possibilities, and its intimacy advances our goals of integrating academic and extracurricular life," Tilghman wrote. "As we plan for the next decade of campus growth and add more space for the arts, we need to strengthen all (our) neighborhoods and their interconnections, even as we continue to express our highest aspirations in the buildings and green spaces we construct and preserve."