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Getting started in user experience can be difficult. Our profession has an identity crisis. You need look no further than swarm of acronyms that we hide behind: CHI, HCI, UI, UE, UX, IA, ID, IxD, IxSD… the list goes on.
Our identity crisis means learning our field is like trying to inhabit the mind of a multiple personality disorder sufferer. For an aspiring interaction designer, figuring it all out is daunting. For anyone, it's daunting.
This is my top-five list of what I've found to be most important to do and master if you want to get into design.
1. The Hardest Part Of Software Is Culture. Get A Book On Negotiation.
The hardest part about creating software isn't software. It's people. Creating a killer interface is meaningless unless you can convince the rest of your team, client, or company that it is worth the investment. Your job as a user experience person is to cultivate a culture where good design has a leading voice at the table. If you cannot communicate, you will fail. If you can not convince, you will fail. If you cannot listen, you will fail.
Much of what I look for in a designer is the ability to balance, persuade, and negotiate without compromising on design. To design is to inspire participation. Unless we can let our ideas become other people's ideas—get others to want to champion design as their own—we will not be successful.
Learn to make mockups, prototypes, and videos. Learn how to create at the right level of fidelity to convince others: sometimes a sketch will do, sometimes pixel-perfect mockups are what you'll need, and sometimes only an interactive demo will suffice. Learn to talk in use-cases to product managers and business-speak to business development people. Get a book on negotiation. It will be your best friend.
The hardest part of your job isn't being creative or brilliant; it's communicating and culture.
2. Know Cognitive Psychology.
You are designing for people; you need to be well versed in the abilities and frailties of the human mind. There are fundamental truths about of what we are capable that runs deeper than culture and language. How much can you store in short-term memory? What are the properties of your locus of attention? A priori, how long does it take to choose an item in an ordered list? How does habituation affect design?
If you can't answer these questions, you need to get yourself a copy of The Humane Interface, How We Decide, and The Resonant Interface.
When I'm hiring, I don't look for credentials, I look for knowledge. If you don't at least know what GOMs analysis is and the cognitive science behind why undo is better than a warning, I know that even if your designs are good, you don't understand why. That's dangerous. Your gut can often lead you in the right direction, but it can also make stupid and avoidable mistakes. Potentially worse, you won't be able to communicate and convince others of your ideas because you can only argue with feelings.
Interface design is as much a science as it is an art. Know the science, else you are walking blindly through a minefield of harmful design.
3. Learn to Program, Even If Poorly.
2,500 years ago, a Greek writer told us something about creating software: Thucydides wrote, "The society that separates its scholars from its warriors will have its thinking done by cowards and its fighting by fools." The optimal society is one that mixes scholar-warriors and warrior-scholars. The same is true for companies that schism their designers and engineers. The most important trait a team can have is empathy. Without it, the implementers will not care, and the designers will not be realistic. When companies complain of specs and code being "tossed over the fence," a lack of empathy is to blame.
The most powerful tool for creating empathy as a designer is prototyping. It meets the rest of the team half-way, is the second most persuasive artifact (the first being a narrated video of the prototype), and gives you a sense of what's hard and what's easy to implement. Having thought through the edge-cases and being able to speak an engineer's language gives you street cred. You don't need to be a great coder, but you should at least be able to get your idea across in in HTML and Javascript.
To design is to inspire participation. To do that, you need to be respected. For that, you need to be a designer-coder.
4. Create, Create, Create.
Great designers do design all of the time. They get mad in an elevator when the buttons are in a confusion order, or when the buttons on a ATM are incorrectly labeled. Then they take a picture and blog about it. If you don't love creating and designing, you shouldn't be in the field. You'll need thousands of hours of practice to rise to the top of your game. In the end, you are designing for people so you need to intimately know people, and people are messy.
If you don't have dozens of little projects you've created, learned from, and even discarded, you are doing it wrong.
5. Study Graphic Design.
I used to be a hard-nosed interaction designer, and eschewed visual design in favor of experience design. While it is true that getting interaction right requires a deeper understanding of human psychology, a read through Emotional Design shows that looks matter. Looks affect usability. Looks are just one aspect of designing for emotional beings—you need to think about the whole sensory experience of an object, from sound to touch—but looks are often the most immediatly apparent.
Study typography, study the Swiss grid system, learn how to make your designs pop even if it means being heavily inspired by others' style in the beginning.
You are in the business of selling ideas. Unfortunately, an ugly mockup of a brilliant idea is often overlooked for a beautiful mockup of a derivative idea. To compete, you need to learn how to be an adequate graphic designer.
This article is syndicated on UX Magazine by permission from its author. It was originally published on Aza's blog, and we liked it so much we wanted to ensure our readers got a chance to see it.


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Doo-Wop Vinyl
Shop our wide selection of R&B, Vocal-Group, Doo-Wop vinyl records, all available online at Rare Soulman. With over 1,000 records to choose from, browse our vinyl records featuring the likes of the Platters, Barons, Del-Vikings, Ruth Brown, Coasters, Lavern Baker, Cloves, Drifters etc.
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(1) Clemson, (2) Purdue, (3) Tennessee, (4) Fresno State
Host Clemson, ranked No. 13, returns all but one letter winner from a team that advanced to the NCAA round of 16, including three players ranked in the top 75 of the ITA rankings: No. 44 Beatrice Gumulya, No. 51 Romy Koelzer and No. 74 Yana Koroleva (who was ranked No. 7 in the ITA Preseason Rankings).
No. 27 Purdue returns its top three from 2012-2013, including No. 111 Mara Schmidt. No. 32 Tennessee lost its top player, Brynn Boren, to USC but freshman Eve Repic (No. 53) and Joanna Henderson (No. 99) both went 7-2 during the fall, and Henderson is paired with Caitlyn William as the No. 43 ranked doubles team. Fresno State went 14-8 last season, and the No. 56 team brings its top player No. 104 Sophie Watts and No. 41 doubles team of Aishwarya Agrawal and Claire Yang.
Schedule of Play: Sat, Jan 25- #13 Clemson def. #56 Fresno State, 4-0 |
# of Courts: 4 (12 outdoors)
Practice Courts: Courts available on Friday from 10am-12pm, 12-2pm, 2-4pm and 4-6pm |
Yana Koroleva, Clemson


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By Orest Deychakiwsky, Staff Advisor
United States Helsinki Commission Co-Chairman Rep. Christopher H. Smith (R-NJ) and Ranking Commission Member Rep. Benjamin L. Cardin (D-MD) met with Ukrainian officials, non-governmental organizations, and religious leaders in Kyiv, Ukraine on February 26-27, 2005. The delegation also laid wreaths at the Memorial to the Victims of the 1932-33 Terror-Famine and at the Babyn (Babi) Yar memorial.
The Commissioners had substantive and far-reaching meetings with Ukraine's State Secretary Oleksandr Zinchenko, Foreign Minister Boris Tarasyuk, Justice Minister Roman Zvarych, Minister of Transportation and Communications Yevhen Chervonenko, and Chairman of the parliament's Committee on Organized Crime and Corruption Volodymyr Stretovych. The meetings covered many topics, including the lifting of the Jackson-Vanik amendment and granting normal trade relations (NTR) status as well as facilitating Ukraine's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Commissioners Smith and Cardin were impressed with the political will and determination of Ukraine's Government officials as well as the non-governmental organizations to work for positive change in Ukraine.
As an original cosponsor, Co-Chairman Smith noted the recent introduction of a bill by House International Relations Committee Chairman Rep. Henry J. Hyde (R-IL), which would grant Ukraine NTR. Commissioner Cardin affirmed his support for NTR and Ukraine's joining WTO, noting that it was critical for Ukraine to conclude intellectual property rights talks with the United States. Discussions also centered on human trafficking, corruption, the rule of law and human rights issues such as torture, the Gongadze case, sustaining media freedoms, and on how the United States can best assist Ukraine during this time of historic transition.
State Secretary Zinchenko expressed pleasure at the current state of U.S.-Ukrainian bilateral relations, observing that both sides now have trust in each other. He outlined President Viktor Yushchenko's priorities, including combating corruption, extending a hand to business, protecting private property, promoting respect for the rule of law – especially in government entities such as the Interior Ministry, tax police and the security services – as well as promoting the further development of civil society. Secretary Zinchenko also emphasized the importance of U.S. investment in Ukraine. The Commissioners and Ukrainian officials also discussed in detail HIV/AIDS in Ukraine, which Zinchenko described as very acute and far-reaching, and the proposed new Chornobyl shelter that will cover the crumbling old sarcophagus.
Minister of Justice Roman Zvarych outlined the Justice Ministry's priorities to encourage and ensure the rule of law. Securing human rights and liberties would include such measures as getting the police to pay attention to procedural norms and urging parliament to adopt necessary civil and administrative procedural code changes. With respect to combating corruption, Zvarych hopes to soon unveil a comprehensive "Clean Hands" program, including a code of ethics. Cleaning up the court system is another priority, and the Justice Ministry has plans to take a variety of steps against judges engaged in corrupt practices. The delegation and Zvarych discussed the issues of human trafficking, torture of detainees, the Gongadze case, restitution of religious property and national minority issues.
Chairman Volodymyr Stretovych and representatives of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) gave a comprehensive briefing on the problem of human trafficking in Ukraine, what steps are being taken by the government and NGOs to combat this scourge and plans on further addressing this important issue. A key concern was improving law enforcement cooperation between Ukraine (as a country of origin for victims of trafficking) and countries of destination. U.S. Embassy Deputy Chief of Mission Sheila Gwaltney hosted a meeting with U.S. Embassy, U.S. Agency for International Development, and FBI officials during which U.S. efforts to assist the new Ukrainian Government in promoting the rule of law and combating human trafficking were discussed. The delegation also visited an IOM-sponsored medical rehabilitation center for trafficking victims. Human trafficking, as well as religious rights issues, were also discussed in a meeting with Papal Nuncio Archbishop Ivan Jurkovich.
Ambassador John Herbst organized and hosted a discussion with NGO representatives from Freedom House, Institute for Mass Information, the Chernihiv-based organization Dobrochyn and the Ukrainian Helsinki Human Rights Union. Mykhaylo Horyn, former Soviet political prisoner and head of the pro-independence movement Rukh in the early 1990s, also participated in the meeting. The delegation met with Jewish representatives, including the new Minister of Transportation and Communications Yevhen Chervonenko who is also Vice-President of the Eurasian Jewish Congress. They discussed matters pertaining to Ukraine's Jewish community, assessing them positively.
Foreign Minister Tarasyuk expressed gratitude to the Helsinki Commission for its active work in support of democracy in Ukraine and stated that the clear position of Congress and the U.S. Government, including support for a strong contingent of international election observers during the recent elections, effectively helped Ukrainian democracy. In raising Jackson-Vanik graduation, market economy status, and the WTO, Minister Tarasyuk cited strong readiness and willingness on the part of the Ukrainian Government to remove obstacles on their part, including a promise to submit in the Rada shortly a draft law on intellectual property rights. Minister Tarasyuk and the Commissioners also discussed the vital importance of ongoing OSCE election observation, Ukrainian-Russian relations, and Ukraine's strengthened role in resolving the long-festering Moldova-Trandniestria conflict.


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Finally, a story of a couple of guys on a road trip to find a few things that may be priceless. Remember, it's a road trip. Our two stars are...
LARRY BIRD: I'm Larry Bird.
HARRY RUBENSTEIN: Hi, this is Harry Rubenstein.
SIMON: Larry Bird and Harry Rubenstein are curators at the National Museum of American History. They've been in Tampa this week and will be in Charlotte next to collect stuff.
BIRD: I mean, it could be anything - banner, badges, buttons, ribbons.
SIMON: Convention stuff that may one day be the stuff of history.
RUBENSTEIN: We're trying to build out the collection that we have back in the museum that goes back to George Washington, and maybe even a little before.
SIMON: Political conventions are awash with stuff, twinkling pins, American flag ties, cowboy, baseball and stovepipe hats, but Harry Rubenstein says they do have standards.
RUBENSTEIN: An example of something that didn't make the cut but was wonderful to see were the delegates from Kansas. A number of them dressed up as characters from the "Wizard of Oz" for the first night. We didn't ask them for their costumes.
SIMON: After all, the museum already has Dorothy's ruby slippers, but Larry Bird says they do find nuggets of collectors' gold.
BIRD: We saw a wonderful ribbon from the Washington State delegation. It was a complete throwback to the 19th century. This elaborate assemblage that had this little seal of Washington in it and it was just amazing, so that made the cut.
SIMON: They look for items that represent each convention session or spotlight the passion of supporters, memorable speeches. The most memorable item from this year's Republican convention may be a chair used by Clint Eastwood as a theatrical prop for President Obama. Larry Bird says...
BIRD: Yeah, you know, you really wonder where that chair is now.
SIMON: Curators hit the road today to drive to the Democratic convention in Charlotte, North Carolina, where they'll resume their search for Smithsonian quality kitsch.
SIMON: And you're listening to NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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- Mental child injury
- Also known as emotional child abuse, this is the third most frequently reported form of child abuse (after child neglect and physical child abuse), accounting 17% of all cases of child abuse. It is likely that emotional child abuse is greatly underreported, since it can be difficult to detect and difficult to document. Emotional child abuse includes acts of commission or omission by the parents and other caregivers that could cause the child to have serious behavioral, emotional, or mental disorders. In some instances of emotional child abuse, the acts of parents or other caregivers alone, without any harm yet evident in the child's behavior or condition, are sufficient to warrant the intervention of child protective services. For example, the parents or caregivers may use extreme or bizarre forms of punishment, such as confinement of a child in a dark closet. Mental child injury is also sometimes termed psychological child abuse or verbal child abuse.
Medical dictionary. 2011.


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Woulda, coulda, shoulda. Hindsight is 20/20. No doubt you've heard these phrases before in response to an unforeseen consequence. You think that you're prepared—until you aren't.
Don't wait until you find yourself asking, "Does my insurance cover…?" Schedule a SuperCheck to be sure you know the answer before you ask!
Check out the list below of some things that could be covered by insurance… then make a plan to call your agent!
Kitchen Appliances
Picture this: it's the hottest day of the summer and your air conditioner compressor decides today is the day to stop working entirely. If you have Residential Equipment Breakdown coverage, you can also protect your home heating/cooling systems, electrical home systems—and, yes, appliances. Residential Equipment Breakdown might sound intimidating, and as if it might only relate to large items. But this extension of Farm Bureau's homeowners' insurance is meant to cover small "equipment", including kitchen appliances. This can be a lifesaver if you find yourself without a stove or, even worse, an air conditioner.Your New Vehicle
You buy a new car, you drive it for less than a week, and WHAM. You're hit, and your new investment is totaled. Standard comprehensive and collision coverage might ensure you are reimbursed for the value of your car – but they'll account for depreciation.Depreciation!?!? If you have Replacement Cost Coverage and you total your new car, you'll get a new vehicle, not just the value of your vehicle minus depreciation. Better yet, "new" doesn't necessarily mean you got it last week—our Replacement Cost Insurance covers your vehicle for up to four years (five in select states!). That's a nice perk to have in your back pocket.
Your Home Office
Your home office is probably full of expensive equipment—at minimum, there's that computer you can't do without. Did you know a home office is typically considered separate from your homeowners' insurance? So it's important to make sure it's properly protected. Luckily, you can get Home Business Insurance. With this, you can help protect yourself in the event of damage to office equipment, or injury to another party on your property. If there's an accident involving a vehicle you use for your business, this coverage could help protect that too. Knowledge is power!Extra Income When You Retire
Life insurance doesn't do much good until you're gone, right? Wrong. Some life insurance products can actually be used as additional income during your retirement—while you're still very much alive. With predictions that the cost of living will rise exponentially in the next 30 years, it pays to think ahead.And the potential benefits of life insurance don't stop there. For more information on ways life insurance can benefit you, check out our article on 5 Unexpected Uses for Life Insurance.
Your Identity
It's a fast-growing crime, and it's not slowing down – identity theft. Internet security breaches, scanners at gas stations and ATM's, even digging through the trash—all of these things put your identity at risk. But there's hope—not only could Identity Theft coverage help alert you if suspicious activity is noted, but it can also help cover the expenses of regaining control of your identity. Those legal fees and lost wages are no joke: did you know that insurance could cover that?Don't let hindsight get the best of you. If you have it, chances are insurance could cover it. Why risk it?
Your needs are as unique as you are. Let your local Farm Bureau agent act as both a guide and an advocate. Get a SuperCheck today and let us help make it simple protect your family and your property and your possessions. To find out more, contact an agent and avoid the "shoulda"!


text: Matthew 1New International VersionThe genealogy of Jesus the Messiah1 This is the genealogy[1] of Jesus the Messiah[2] the son of David, the son of Abraham: 2 Abraham was the father of Isaac, Isaac the father of Jacob, Jacob the father of Judah and his brothers, 3 Judah the father of Perez and Zerah, whose mother was Tamar, Perez the father of Hezron, Hezron the father of Ram, 4 Ram the father of Amminadab, Amminadab the father of Nahshon, Nahshon the father of Salmon, 5 Salmon the father of Boaz, whose mother was Rahab, Boaz the father of Obed, whose mother was Ruth, Obed the father of Jesse, 6 and Jesse the father of King David. David was the father of Solomon, whose mother had been Uriah's wife, 7 Solomon the father of Rehoboam, Rehoboam the father of Abijah, Abijah the father of Asa, 8 Asa the father of Jehoshaphat, Jehoshaphat the father of Jehoram, Jehoram the father of Uzziah, 9 Uzziah the father of Jotham, Jotham the father of Ahaz, Ahaz the father of Hezekiah, 10 Hezekiah the father of Manasseh, Manasseh the father of Amon, Amon the father of Josiah, 11 and Josiah the father of Jeconiah[3] and his brothers at the time of the exile to Babylon. 12 After the exile to Babylon: Jeconiah was the father of Shealtiel, Shealtiel the father of Zerubbabel, 13 Zerubbabel the father of Abihud, Abihud the father of Eliakim, Eliakim the father of Azor, 14 Azor the father of Zadok, Zadok the father of Akim, Akim the father of Elihud, 15 Elihud the father of Eleazar, Eleazar the father of Matthan, Matthan the father of Jacob, 16 and Jacob the father of Joseph, the husband of Mary, and Mary was the mother of Jesus who is called the Messiah. 17 Thus there were fourteen generations in all from Abraham to David, fourteen from David to the exile to Babylon, and fourteen from the exile to the Messiah. Joseph accepts Jesus as his son18 This is how the birth of Jesus the Messiah came about[4]: his mother Mary was pledged to be married to Joseph, but before they came together, she was found to be pregnant through the Holy Spirit. 19 Because Joseph her husband was faithful to the law, and yet[5] did not want to expose her to public disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly. 20 But after he had considered this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, 'Joseph son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife, because what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. 21 She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus,[6] because he will save his people from their sins.' 22 All this took place to fulfil what the Lord had said through the prophet: 23 'The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son, and they will call him Immanuel' (which means 'God with us'). (Isa 7:14)(Isa 7:14) 24 When Joseph woke up, he did what the angel of the Lord had commanded him and took Mary home as his wife. 25 But he did not consummate their marriage until she gave birth to a son. And he gave him the name Jesus.


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Attorney General Eric Holder is backing a proposal to shorten sentences for nonviolent drug dealers in an effort reduce federal spending on prisons.
Holder appeared before the on Thursday to announce his support of the panel's recommendations to trim federal guidelines for sentencing of drug traffickers to 51 months from 62 months.
"This overreliance on incarceration is not just financially unsustainable, it comes with human and moral costs that are impossible to calculate," Holder said, adding that the harshest penalties should be reserved for "dangerous and violent drug traffickers."
The Washington Postsays "Holder's proposal, which is expected to be approved by the independent agency that sets sentencing policies for federal judges, would affect 70 percent of drug offenders in the criminal justice system, according to figures provided by Justice Department officials. It would reduce sentences by an average of nearly a year."
And The New York Times reports: "With the support of several Republicans in Congress, the attorney general is separately pushing for the elimination of mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent drug crimes. In January, the Justice Department issued a call encouraging low-level criminals serving lengthy sentences on crack cocaine charges to apply for clemency."
The Associated Press writes:
"Holder directed prosecutors in August to stop charging many nonviolent drug defendants with offenses that carry mandatory minimum sentences. He has also said he also wants to divert people convicted of low-level offenses to drug treatment and community service programs and to expand a prison program to allow the release of some elderly, non-violent offenders.
"Holder last year asked the commission to consider reductions in the sentencing guidelines for non-violent drug crimes. The commission responded with a proposal in January that would tie many drug offenses to shorter sentencing ranges.
"The effect, the Justice Department says, would be to reduce by 11 months the average sentence of a drug trafficking offender and would trim the federal prison population by roughly 6,550 inmates over the next five years.
"The commission was not expected to vote on the proposed change until at least April, but Holder planned to instruct prosecutors in the meantime not to oppose sentencing recommendations in line with the newly proposed ranges."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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The United States Senate ratcheted up the pressure on owner Daniel Snyder on Thursday after a letter — signed by half the Senate — was sent to NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell, asking him to use his authority to get the Washington Redskins to change a team name that many consider racist.
Snyder has vowed to never change the name of one of the NFL's most historic franchises. But the letter from the senators — 48 Democrats and two independents who typically vote with them — is a sure sign that the Senate isn't going to accept Snyder's "no" as the last word.
In the aftermath of the NBA's Donald Sterling-Los Angeles Clippers controversy — and Commissioner Adam Silver's quick and punitive response — the Democratic senators see an opportunity to increase pressure on the football commissioner to do the right thing, from their point of view.
Sen. Maria Cantwell, D-Wash., who circulated the letter, said on the Senate floor Thursday afternoon she hoped Republicans would join her effort to get the NFL to drop the controversial name, which she, like many, refuses to use. She prefers "Washington's football team."
"I'll be sending a letter to each of my colleagues asking them to either sign on to this letter or to write their own letter. Because I'm convinced that if each member of this body speaks on this issue, and is forceful in their resolve, that we can help initiate change," Cantwell said.
"We believe that Commissioner Goodell should act — that he needs to do what the NBA did [in acting swiftly and strongly] and make sure that one of their owners puts an end to the wrong use of a football term, and to join the right side of history," she said.
Actually, it's already too late for Goodell to act with the dispatch of the NBA commissioner. Goodell has defended the Redskins name, saying it was meant to honor Native Americans. Indian groups and many non-Native Americans aren't buying that.
Though no Republicans signed Cantwell's letter by the time it became public, some GOP lawmakers have agreed that Washington's NFL team should change its name.
Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., for instance, has suggested as much. On the House side, Rep. Tom Cole, R-Okla., an enrolled member of the Chickasaw tribe, has also called for the name to be changed. Cole signed an earlier letter with Cantwell that suggested that the use of a racial slur was inconsistent with the NFL's status as a tax-exempt organization under IRS rules. You could read that as a shot across the bow.
Five Democrats didn't sign Cantwell's letter. Neither Mark Warner nor Tim Kaine, both of Virginia, signed the letter. Virginia is Redskins country, home to many hard-core fans and the team's training facility, in Richmond.
For the record, Snyder also contributed $5,200 to Warner during the 2014 cycle, according to OpenSecrets.org. Warner is up for re-election this year.
Sen. Joe Manchin of West Virginia also didn't sign. That state has many fans of Washington's football team, though the state also has many Pittsburgh Steelers fans, as well.
By contrast, Maryland's two senators, Barbara Mikulski and Ben Cardin, signed the letter. A big part of their state is also Redskins country — and FedEx Field, the stadium where the team plays, is located there.
But Maryland is also Ravens country, and both senators call Baltimore home. And it's a very blue state, which makes both senators among the least vulnerable in the Senate.
Another non-signer, Mark Pryor of Arkansas, is running for re-election and is considered vulnerable. Arkansas falls under the sway of the Dallas Cowboys, according to a Facebook map of NFL fans based on likes of team pages.
Sen. Joe Donnelly of Indiana didn't sign, either. A former small-business owner from a conservative state, the senator often aligns with Republicans.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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The National Puerto Rican Day Parade will be marching down New York City's Fifth Avenue under new leadership this year.
On Thursday, New York State Attorney General Eric Schneiderman announced that three members of the parade's board of directors, including President Madelyn Lugo and her husband, General Coordinator Luis Rivera, have stepped down. Ten new directors will join the three remaining directors on the all-volunteer board. (Nine of the new directors are listed here.)
The changes come after an investigation by the state attorney general's office found that the event's longtime marketer and fundraiser, the G.A.L.O.S. Corp., misappropriated almost $1 million from money raised for the annual event.
As part of a settlement, the G.A.L.O.S. Corp., which is now banned from doing business for the parade, must forgive the approximately $1 million in debt owed by the event's organizers and pay them an additional $100,000.
In a tweet, Schneiderman called the parade a New York City institution. "Our agreement begins 'un nuevo [día]' for the parade, now a source of pride instead of a slush fund," he wrote.
Officials say no evidence of improper conduct by the parade's board of directors was found. But they do fault the leaders for a lack of financial oversight that led to the misappropriated funds. The reconfigured board of directors is now charged with instituting new internal controls.
The state attorney general's investigation began in response to a controversy from last year's parade. As my Code Switch teammate Kat Chow reported, parade organizers approved a marketing effort by MillerCoors that placed a design resembling the Puerto Rican flag on beer cans commemorating the 2013 event.
The parade is one of the country's largest ethnic celebrations, drawing 80,000 parade marchers and 2 million onlookers each year to Manhattan. This year's event is scheduled for June 8.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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George Miller, Princeton's James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Psychology Emeritus and a pioneer in cognitive science, died of natural causes Sunday, July 22, at his home in Plainsboro, N.J. He was 92 years old.
Miller, who joined the faculty in 1979, was an innovator in the study of language and cognition, helping to establish psycholinguistics as an independent field of research in psychology. In 1991, he was awarded the National Medal of Science, the highest scientific honor awarded by the United States, in recognition of his contributions to understanding processes of the human mind. He received an honorary doctor of science degree from Princeton in 1996.
Miller, together with Jerome Bruner and Noam Chomsky, led the "cognitive revolution" that replaced behaviorism as the leading psychological approach to understanding the mind in the 1950s, said Christiane Fellbaum, senior research scholar in computer science who worked closely with Miller at Princeton. "George believed that the human mind in all its aspects was interesting and worth studying — believe it or not, that was revolutionary at the time," she said.
Philip Johnson-Laird, the Stuart Professor of Psychology Emeritus and senior scholar at Princeton, said Miller's work has made a permanent impression on cognitive science.
"As long as scientists study the mind, they will honor ideas that he was first to formulate," said Johnson-Laird, who collaborated with Miller on the 1976 book "Language and Perception."
Miller's work spanned more than five decades. An early work, his 1951 book "Language and Communication," helped establish the field of psycholinguistics, a collaboration between linguistics and psychology.
In 1956, he was the author of "The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two," a paper that, in part, proposed new ideas about the way immediate memory works, suggesting that people can retain about seven "chunks" of information in what is commonly known as short-term memory. The paper became one of the most frequently quoted papers in the field. (And, as Miller often noted, also one of the most misquoted papers.)
Johnson-Laird said the paper reflected several of Miller's important skills. "He could think more deeply than others, and he could put his thoughts into beautiful transparent prose," he said.
The paper's attention-grabbing opening lines are well known in psychology: "My problem is that I have been persecuted by an integer. For seven years this number has followed me around, has intruded in my most private data, and has assaulted me from the pages of our most public journals."
He was also the main author of "Plans and the Structure of Behavior," a 1960 book that was a catalyst for the cognitive revolution in psychology.
Beginning in 1986 and continuing for many years, Miller helped oversee development of WordNet, a large-scale electronic reference that helps computers understand human language and continues to influence applications such as search engines.
A distinguished career
Miller was born in Charleston, W.Va., and earned bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Alabama in 1940 and 1941, respectively. While an undergraduate at the University of Alabama he met and married Katherine James, who was his wife for more than half a century.
During World War II, he worked on military voice communications at the Harvard University Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory. He earned his doctorate at Harvard in 1946.
He was an assistant professor of psychology at Harvard from 1948 to 1951, when he went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as an associate professor for four years. He returned to Harvard for the next 12 years. Named professor in 1958, he served as chair of the psychology department from 1964 to 1967.
Miller taught and studied at Rockefeller University from 1968 to 1982 and was twice appointed as a visitor of the Institute for Advanced Study.
He joined the Princeton faculty in 1979 and was named the McDonnell Distinguished Professor of Psychology in 1982. He and Gilbert Harman, the James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy, established the Cognitive Science Laboratory at Princeton. Miller was director of the McDonnell-Pew Program in Cognitive Neuroscience from 1989 to 1994. He transferred to emeritus status in 1990.
Fellbaum said Miller was a gentleman noted for his kindness to graduate students. Miller's son, Donnally, said that he remembers his family always opening its home to foreign graduate students at Thanksgiving, when they otherwise wouldn't have had anywhere to go.
"He was the sort of man who was generous with his time and took a lot of care with his students," Donnally Miller said.
Among his awards, Miller received the American Psychological Foundation's Life Achievement Award in 1990 and the Louis E. Levy Medal in 1991. He was a Fulbright research fellow at the University of Oxford and served as president of the American Psychological Association in 1969. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1957, the National Academy of Sciences in 1962 and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1985.
A celebration of Miller's life will be held at 7 p.m. Thursday, Aug. 9, at the Windrows retirement community, 2000 Windrow Drive, Princeton, NJ, 08540.
Miller is survived by his second wife, Margaret Page, two children, Nancy and Donnally, and three grandsons, Gavin Murray-Miller, Morgan Murray-Miller and Nathaniel James Miller.


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Topic Overview
What is presbyopia?
Presbyopia is the normal worsening of vision with age, especially near vision. As you approach middle age, the lenses in your eyes begin to thicken and lose their flexibility. The ability of the lens to bend allows our eyes to focus on objects at varying distances (accommodation). The loss of this ability means that vision gets worse and objects cannot be brought into focus. This typically becomes noticeable some time around age 40 when you realize that you have to hold a book or newspaper farther from your face to focus on it.
Normally, a muscle surrounding the lens in your eye expands or contracts, depending on the distance to the object you're focusing on. With presbyopia, the muscle still works, but it may not work as well. Also, the lens loses much of its flexibility and won't bend enough to bring close objects into focus. Images are then focused behind the retina instead of directly on it, leaving close vision blurred. Putting greater distance between the object and your eye brings the object into focus. For example, holding a newspaper farther from your face helps you see the words. For this reason, presbyopia is sometimes called "long-arm syndrome."
What causes presbyopia?
Presbyopia is a natural part of aging. As you grow older, the lenses in your eyes thicken. They lose their elasticity, and the muscles surrounding the lenses weaken. Both these changes decrease your ability to focus, especially on near objects. The changes take place gradually, though it may seem that this loss of accommodation occurs quickly.
What are the symptoms?
The main symptom of presbyopia is blurred vision, especially when you do close work or try to focus on near objects. This is worse in dim light or when you are fatigued. Presbyopia can also cause headaches or eyestrain.
How is presbyopia diagnosed?
Presbyopia can usually be diagnosed with a general eye exam. Your doctor will probably test your visual acuity (sharpness of vision), your refractive power (the ability of your eyes to change focus from near to far), the condition of the muscles in your eye, and the condition of your retina. He or she will probably also take measurements for glasses or contact lenses at the time of the exam.
How is it treated?
Presbyopia can usually be corrected with glasses or contact lenses. If you didn't need glasses or contacts before presbyopia appeared, you can probably correct your eyesight by using reading glasses for close work. Glasses you buy without a prescription may be sufficient. But check with your eye doctor to find out the right glasses for you. If you do buy glasses without a prescription, try out a few different pairs of varying strength (magnification) to make sure you get glasses that will help you read without straining.
If you already use glasses or contacts to correct nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism, you'll need a new prescription that will also correct presbyopia. You may wish to use bifocals, in which distant vision is corrected at eye level and close vision is corrected at the bottom. Other options include trifocal glasses, which can correct for distant, near, and middle vision; progressive lenses, which give a smooth transition between distant, middle, and near vision; bifocal contact lenses; or monovision contact lenses, which correct distant vision in your dominant eye and close vision in your weaker eye. Your prescription may have to be changed over time as presbyopia gets worse.
If you don't want to wear glasses or contacts, surgery may be an option. Procedures that can help treat presbyopia include laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Both of these surgeries use lasers to reshape the cornea of your eye. Laser surgery cannot give you both distance and near vision in the same eye. But your doctor can correct one eye for distance vision and the other eye for near vision.
Another surgery option is clear lens extraction with an intraocular lens implant, in which the natural lens is removed and an artificial one is implanted to replace it. Some lens implants correct either distance or near vision. Others (called multifocal implants) correct both near and distance vision.
None of these surgeries will restore perfect vision—you will have to compromise. For example, you may have surgery to correct distance vision and then use reading glasses for near vision. Or you may have one eye adjusted for near vision and one for distance vision, which would reduce your depth perception. New procedures that reverse presbyopia are being developed and tested.
Will your vision continue to get worse?
Near vision begins to decline due to presbyopia at around age 40. Your eyes continue to lose the ability to accommodate—requiring changes to prescriptions for glasses or contacts—until you reach your early 60s. Then accommodation stabilizes. But it's important to get routine eye exams to check for other problems that can affect your vision, such as glaucoma or macular degeneration.
Other Works Consulted
- American Academy of Ophthalmology (2017). Refractive Errors and Refractive Surgery (Preferred Practice Pattern). San Francisco: American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/ppp. Accessed July 20, 2018.
- Riordan-Eva P (2011). Optics and refraction. In P Riordan-Eva, ET Cunningham, eds., Vaughan and Asbury's General Ophthalmology, 18th ed., pp. 396–411. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Trobe JD (2006). Principal ophthalmic conditions. Physician's Guide to Eye Care, 3rd ed., pp. 93–140. San Francisco: American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Current as of: May 5, 2019
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:Kathleen Romito, MD – Family Medicine & Adam Husney, MD – Family Medicine & E. Gregory Thompson, MD – Internal Medicine & Christopher Joseph Rudnisky, MD, MPH, FRCSC – Ophthalmology
This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.


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Thailand Breaks Guinness World Hula Hoop Record
PATHUMTHANI – Nearly 5,000 Thai contestants are celebrating after setting a world record for the most people dancing with hula hoops simultaneously in one place.
Guinness World Records adjudicator Seyda Subasi-Gemici said Tuesday that 4,483 people had swung hula hoops to dance music for seven minutes without interruption.
The event drew 5,000 participants to an open air stadium at Thammasat University, but 517 contestants dropped off after they failed to keep their hoops up.
The event, organized by the Public Health Ministry's Department of Health, was aimed at creating health awareness among Thais.
The previous world record was set in Taiwan in 2011, when 2,496 participants swung hula hoops in a continuous motion for 2 minutes.


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uggbootsclearance.net.co.Ugg Bailey Button Triplet Grey Boots 419783:
Color: GreyMaterial: SheepskinA fresh take on the timeless style of the Classic Tall, the Bailey Button Triplet features wooden logo buttons with elastic-band closures. Lending signature UGG® softness, Twinface sheepskin can be unbuttoned and cuffed to expose its cozy interior.Collection Details:* Upper:* 17mm grade ""A"" Twinface sheepskin. Styles in this collection are designed with an elastic closure and functional wood button that has been laser-etched with our original UGG® logo. Suede heel guards have signature UGG® label.* Insole:* Cushy foam for extra comfort. Covered with a genuine sheepskin sock that naturally wicks away moisture and keeps your feet warm and dry.* Outsole:* Comfortably light and flexible molded EVA bottom with a patent protected outsole design.Style Details:* 11 1/2"" twinface shaft height.Other:* This product contains real fur from Sheep or Lamb* Fur Origin: Australia, European Union or United States* Real Fur has been artificially dyed and treated* This product is made in China


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The court's action gives the justices the chance to say by late June whether gay Americans have the same constitutional right to marry as heterosexuals. Several narrower paths also are open to the justices as they consider both California's voter-approved Proposition 8 and the provision of the federal Defense of Marriage Act that denies to legally married gay Americans the favorable federal tax treatment and a range of federal health and pension benefits given to heterosexual couples.
The court is embarked on what could be its most significant term involving civil rights in decades. In the area of racial discrimination, the justices already have agreed to decide cases on affirmative action in admission to college and a key part of the Voting Rights Act. The gay marriage cases probably will be argued in March and decisions in all the court's cases are likely by the end of June.
The order from the court extends a dizzying pace of change regarding gay marriage that includes rapid shifts in public opinion, President Barack Obama's endorsement in May and votes in Maine, Maryland and Washington in November to allow gay couples to marry. Same-sex couples in Washington began picking up marriage licenses on Thursday.
Yet even as gay marriage is legal, or soon will be, in nine states -- Connecticut, Iowa, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York and Vermont are the others -- and the District of Columbia, it is banned by the state constitutions of 31 others. Federal courts in California have struck down the state's constitutional ban on same-sex marriage, but that ruling and thus gay unions remain on hold while the issue is being appealed.
The high court's decision to hear the federal benefit question was a virtual certainty because several lower courts struck down the provision of the 1996 law and the justices almost always step in when lower courts invalidate a federal law.
There is nothing that compelled a similar response from the court in the case over California's Proposition 8, the state constitutional ban on gay marriage that voters adopted in 2008 after the state Supreme Court ruled that gay Californians could marry. Indeed, the gay marriage supporters who prevailed in the lower courts urged the Supreme Court to stay out of the case and allow same-sex unions to resume in the nation's largest state.
Even some gay rights activists worried that it was too soon in the evolution of views toward same-sex marriage to ask the justices to intervene and declare that same-sex couples have the same right to marry as heterosexuals. But Theodore Olson, the Washington lawyer who represents Californians who sued over Proposition 8, said he will argue that there is a "fundamental constitutional right to marry for all citizens."
Opponents of gay marriage said Friday they are heartened by the Supreme Court's action.
"We believe that it is significant that the Supreme Court has taken the Prop 8 case. We believe it is a strong signal that the court will reverse the lower courts and uphold Proposition 8. That is the right outcome based on the law and based on the principle that voters hold the ultimate power over basic policy judgments and their decisions are entitled to respect," said John Eastman, chairman of the National Organization for Marriage and a law professor at Chapman University in Orange, Calif.
On the other side of the issue, advocates for same-sex unions said the court could easily decide in favor of gay marriage in California without issuing a sweeping national ruling to overturn every state prohibition on marriage.
In striking down Proposition 8, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals crafted a narrow ruling that said because gay Californians already had been given the right to marry, the state could not later take it away. The ruling studiously avoided overarching pronouncements.
"I think the court can easily affirm the 9th Circuit's decision and leave for a later day whether broader bans on marriage are unconstitutional as well," said James Esseks of the American Civil Liberties Union.
The other issue the high court will take on involves a provision of the Defense of Marriage Act, known by its acronym DOMA, which defines marriage as between a man and a woman for the purpose of deciding who can receive a range of federal benefits.
Four federal district courts and two appeals courts struck down the provision. Last year, the Obama administration abandoned its defense of the law, but continues to enforce it. House Republicans are now defending DOMA in the courts.
The justices chose for their review the case of 83-year-old Edith Windsor, who sued to challenge a $363,000 federal estate tax bill after her partner of 44 years died in 2009.
Windsor, who goes by Edie, married Thea Spyer in 2007 after doctors told them that Spyer would not live much longer. She suffered from multiple sclerosis for many years. Spyer left everything she had to Windsor.
There is no dispute that if Windsor had been married to a man, her estate tax bill would have been zero.
The U.S. 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals in New York agreed with a district judge that the provision of DOMA deprived Windsor of the constitutional guarantee of equal protection of the law.
In both cases, the justices have given themselves a technical way out, involving the legal issue of whether the parties have the required legal standing to bring their challenges, which would allow them to duck all the significant issues raised by opponents and supporters of gay marriage.
The cases are Hollingsworth v. Perry, 12-144, and U.S. v. Windsor, 12-307.


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''I can't forgive myself'': U.S. veterans suffering alone in guilt over wartime events
WASHINGTON A veteran of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, former U.S. Marine Capt. Timothy Kudo thinks of himself as a killer - and he carries the guilt every day.
"I can't forgive myself," he says. "And the people who can forgive me are dead."
With American troops at war for more than a decade, there's been an unprecedented number of studies into war zone psychology and an evolving understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder. Clinicians suspect some troops are suffering from what they call "moral injuries" - wounds from having done something, or failed to stop something, that violates their moral code.
Though there may be some overlap in symptoms, moral injuries aren't what most people think of as PTSD, the nightmares and flashbacks of terrifying, life-threatening combat events. A moral injury tortures the conscience; symptoms include deep shame, guilt and rage. It's not a medical problem, and it's unclear how to treat it, says retired Col. Elspeth Ritchie, former psychiatry consultant to the Army surgeon general.
"The concept ... is more an existentialist one," she says.
The Marines, who prefer to call moral injuries "inner conflict," started a few years ago teaching unit leaders to identify the problem. And the Defense Department has approved funding for a study among Marines at California's Camp Pendleton to test a therapy that doctors hope will ease guilt.
But a solution could be a long time off.
"PTSD is a complex issue," says Navy Cmdr. Leslie Hull-Ryde, a Pentagon spokeswoman.
Killing in war is the issue for some troops who believe they have a moral injury, but Ritchie says it also can come from a range of experiences, such as guarding prisoners or watching Iraqis kill Iraqis as they did during the sectarian violence in 2006-07.
"You may not have actually done something wrong by the law of war, but by your own humanity you feel that it's wrong," says Ritchie, now chief clinical officer at the District of Columbia's Department of Mental Health.
Kudo's remorse stems in part from the 2010 accidental killing of two Afghan teenagers on a motorcycle. His unit was fighting insurgents when the pair approached from a distance and appeared to be shooting as well.
Kudo says what Marines mistook for guns were actually "sticks and bindles, like you'd seen in old cartoons with hobos." What Marines thought were muzzle flashes were likely glints of light bouncing off the motorcycle's chrome.
"There's no day - whether it's in the shower or whether it's walking down the street ... that I don't think about things that happened over there," says Kudo, now a graduate student at New York University.
"Human beings aren't just turn-on, turn-off switches," Veterans of Foreign Wars spokesman Joe Davis says, noting that moral injury is just a different name for a familiar military problem. "You're raised 'Thou shalt not kill,' but you do it for self-preservation or for your buddies."
Kudo never personally shot anyone. But he feels responsible for the deaths of the teens on the motorcycle. Like other officers who've spoken about moral injuries, he also feels responsible for deaths that resulted from orders he gave in other missions. The hardest part, Kudo says, is that "nobody talks about it."
As executive officer of a Marine company, Kudo also felt inadequate when he had to comfort a subordinate grieving over the death of another Marine.
Dr. Brett Litz, a clinical psychologist with the Department of Veterans Affairs in Boston, sees moral injury, the loss of comrades and the terror associated with PTSD as a "three-legged stool" of troop suffering. Though there's little data on moral injury, he says a study asked soldiers seeking counseling for PTSD in Texas what their main problem was; it broke down to "roughly a third, a third and a third" among those with fear, those with loss issues and those with moral injury.
The raw number of people who have moral injuries also isn't known. It's not an official diagnosis for purposes of getting veteran benefits, though it's believed by some doctors that many vets with moral injuries are getting care on a diagnosis of PTSD - care that wouldn't specifically fit their problem.
Like PTSD, which could affect an estimated 20 percent of troops who served in Iraq and Afghanistan, moral injury is not experienced by all troops.
"It's in the eye of the beholder," says retired Navy Capt. William Nash, a psychiatrist who headed Marine Corps combat stress programs and has partnered with Litz on research. The vast majority of ground combat fighters may be able to pull the trigger without feeling they did something wrong, he says.
As the military has focused on fear-based PTSD, it hasn't paid enough attention to loss and moral injury, Litz and others believe. And that has hampered the development of strategies to help troops with those other problems and train them to avoid the problems in the first place, he says.
Lumping people into the PTSD category "renders soldiers automatically into mental patients instead of wounded souls," writes Iraq vet Tyler Boudreau, a former Marine captain and assistant operations officer to an infantry battalion.
Boudreau resigned his commission after having questions of conscience. He wrote in the Massachusetts Review, a literary magazine, that being diagnosed with PTSD doesn't account for nontraumatic events that are morally troubling: "It's far too easy for people at home, particularly those not directly affected by war ... to shed a disingenuous tear for the veterans, donate a few bucks and whisk them off to the closest shrink ... out of sight and out of mind" and leaving "no incentive in the community or in the household to engage them."
So what should be done?
"I don't think we know," Ritchie says.
Troops who express ethical or spiritual problems have long been told to see the chaplain. Chaplains see troops struggling with moral injury "at the micro level, down in the trenches," says Lt. Col. Jeffrey L. Voyles, licensed counselor and supervisor at the Army chaplain training program in Fort Benning, Georgia. A soldier wrestling with the right or wrong of a particular war zone event might ask: "Do I need to confess this?" Or, Voyles says, a soldier will say he's "gone past the point of being redeemed, (the point where) God could forgive him" - and he uses language like this:
"I'm a monster."
"I let somebody down."
"I didn't do as much as I could do."
Nash says the Marines are using "psychological first aid techniques" to help service members deal with moral injury, loss and other traumatic events. But it's a young program, not uniformly implemented and just now undergoing outside evaluation for its effectiveness, he says.
At Camp Pendleton, the therapy trial will be tailored to each Marine's war experiences; troops with fear-based problems might use a standard PTSD approach; those with moral injury may have an imaginary conversation with the lost person.
Forgiveness, more than anything, is key to helping troops who feel they have transgressed, Nash says.
But the issue is so much more complicated that wholesale solutions across the military, if there are any, will likely be some time coming.
Many in the armed forces view PTSD as weakness. Similarly, they feel the term "moral injury" is insulting, implying an ethical failing in a force whose motto stresses honor, duty and country.
At the same time, lawyers don't like the idea of someone asking troops to incriminate themselves in war crimes - real or imagined.
That leaves a question for troops, doctors, chaplains, lawyers and the military brass: How do you help someone if they don't feel they can say what's bothering them?