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The BioBricks Foundation:RFC
Currently, the BioBricks Foundation is charting a technical standards framework that will serve as the driver and promoter of a high-quality, technical-standards process for synthetic biology based on BioBrick™ parts. It is envisaged that the framework will include the following components:
The BBF was formed to reduce the complexity and cost of producing synthetic living organisms by leveraging time-honored engineering principles of abstraction and standardization. This blend of technology and biology makes it easier for scientists and engineers to work together to develop practical solutions for serious problems facing mankind. A global community initiative, the BBF engages young scientists and engineers, is supported by world-leading institutes and consists of an infrastructure with four key components: One – Physical assembly standard — changing the sequence of DNA; the resulting reference sequence is compatible with one or more assembly standards. Two – Reference standard — for making measurements. The BBF is doing this for in vivo genetic functions. Three – Functional composition standard — What makes a nut fit with a bolt? If they fit its physical assembly; if they stick together when you pull, it's functional composition. Four – Data exchange formats — The BBF wants a standard exchange of information with regard to biological parts; we want it to be available openly. If it's not compatible in all four ways, it is necessary to explicitly state that it is not compatible. The BioBrick™ RFC ProcessThe BioBricks Foundation is available to provide research and development through our BioBrick™ R&D Services. Give us a call at 650-799-9851. The BioBricks Foundation delivers its BioBrick™ Research and Development in two ways.
Through its BioBrick™ RFC (Request for Comments) Process, the BioBricks Foundation hosts discussions and editorial work around the development of technical standards. Our BioBrick™ RFC list contains 90+ technical documents to date. Through the BioBrick™ RFC Process, we also host an email discussion list. An RFC might
RFCs are static documents or digital objects like videos intended to get an idea, proposed standard, or method out to the rest of the community for comment. RFCs are numbered, for ease of referencing, and the numbers are assigned by the BBF. Instructions for requesting a BBF RFC number, preparing an RFC, and submitting an RFC to the BBF are described in BBF RFC 0.
The complete list of all assigned RFC numbers and RFC documents (for those submitted) is listed below. BBF RFC 0: Instructions to BBF RFC Authors
BBF RFC 1: Definition of the nature of a part
BBF RFC 2: The information stored with a with a part
BBF RFC 3: Restriction sites for the construction of fusion proteins
BBF RFC 4: Synthetic Biology Diagram Standard
BBF RFC 5: BioBrick™ Placeholders
BBF RFC 6: Synthetic Terminators for Transcription Attenuation
BBF RFC 7: Original BioBrick™ distribution data sheet, May 22, 2002
BBF RFC 8: Early BioBrick™ standard design
BBF RFC 9: Idempotent vector design for the standard assembly of BioBricks™
BBF RFC 10: Draft standard for BioBrick™ biological parts
BBF RFC 11: BioBrick™ assembly standard modifications
BBF RFC 12: Draft BioBrick™ BB-2 standard for biological parts
BBF RFC 13: Rethinking the boundaries and composition of coding regions
BBF RFC14: Protein domain fusions in BB-2 assembly
BBF RFC 15: Innovations Mean Nothing Unless You Use Them -- The New BioScaffold Family of BioBrick™ Parts To Enable Manipulations Such as Protein Fusions, Library Construction, and Part Domestication
BBF RFC 16: Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual (SBOLv) Specification
BBF RFC 17: deprecatedBBF RFC 18: Proposed Conceptual Guidelines for the Design of a BioBrick™ Graphical Language & an Example
BBF RFC 19: Measuring the Activity of BioBrick™ Promoters Using an In Vivo Reference Standard
BBF RFC 20: Constraint Relaxation of RFC 10 for Assembling Standard Biological Parts
BBF RFC 21: BglBricks Assembly Standard
BBF RFC 22: BBΩ-- An Extended BioBricks™ Assembly Standard that Utilizes Hierarchical Manipulation of Parts to Address Limitations in the Original BioBricks™ Assembly Standard
BBF RFC 23: A New BioBrick™ Assembly Strategy Designed for Facile Protein Engineering
BBF RFC 24: Conversion of Freiburg (Fusion) BioBricks™ to the Silver (BioFusion) format
BBF RFC 25: Fusion Protein (Freiburg) BioBrick™ assembly standard
BBF RFC 26: In-Fusion BioBrick™ Assembly
BBF RFC 27: Fast ligation-free construction of BioBricks™ with PCR & In-Fusion
BBF RFC 28: A method for combinatorial multi-part assembly based on the Type IIs restriction enzyme AarI
BBF RFC 29: Naming of standards of physical composition of BioBrick™ parts
BBF RFC 30: Draft of an RDF-based framework for the exchange and integration of Synthetic Biology data
BBF RFC 31: Provisional BioBrick™ Language (PoBoL)
BBF RFC 32: Revised draft of an RDF-based framework for the exchange and integration of Synthetic Biology data
BBF RFC 33: A Core Data Model for Biological System Design
BBF RFC 34: A Promoter Measurement Kit for Bacillus subtilis
BBF RFC 35: Context-free grammar representation of design strategies for BioBrick™ constructs
BBF RFC 36: deprecatedBBF RFC 37: Fusion protein BioBrick™ assembly standard with optional linker extension
BBF RFC 38: Building Blocks - Standard Large DNA/Genome Construction
BBF RFC 39: The USER cloning standard
BBF RFC 40: How to Build Kinetic Models of BioBricks™
BBF RFC 41: Units for Promoter Measurement in Mammalian Cells
BBF RFC 42: RA-PCR, a method for the generation of randomized promoter libraries
BBF RFC 43: Design of specific mammalian promoters by in silico prediction
BBF RFC 44: Bioscaffold-Linker
BBF RFC 45: Cloning Standard for Mammalian BioBrick™ Parts and Devices
BBF RFC 46: Large-Scale Peptide Modification on BioBrick™ Proteins
BBF RFC 47: BioBytes Assembly Standard
BBF RFC 48: Automatic Biological Circuit Design
BBF RFC 49: Draft Characterization Standard for describing Biosensor Sensitivity Tuners
BBF RFC 50: Synthetic Biology Data Transfer Protocol (SB/DTP)
deprecated by authors 5/12/2010 BBF RFC 51: Final Expression Vectors for RFC 10 Expression parts
BBF RFC 52: Information Standard for BioBrick™ Parts
BBF RFC 53: USTC MetaPart Assembly Standard -- Extending RFC 10 to Enable Scarless Protein Fusion with Type IIS Restriction Enzyme EarI and SapI
BBF RFC 54: Abbreviated BioBrick™ Prefix and Suffix for More Efficient Primer Design
BBF RFC 55: Standard Biological Part Automatic Modeling Database Language (MoDeL)
BBF RFC 56: "Part Flavors" For Peptide-Coding Parts
BBF RFC 57: Assembly of BioBricks by the Gibson Method
BBF RFC 58: Absolute measurement of bacterial promoter strength in cell-free system by qPCR
BBF RFC 59: Quantitative measurement of mamallian cell invasion by bacteria using flow cytometry
BBF RFC 60: Open licensing of BioBrick™ parts
BBF RFC 61: Fast multiple gene fragment ligation method based on Type IIs restriction enzyme DraIII
BBF RFC 62: Fast multiple gene fragment ligation method based on homologous recombination
BBF RFC 63: DTU Synthetic Promoter Library Standard
BBF RFC 64: Building Protein Domain Based Composite BioBricks
BBF RFC 65: Recombination Based Part Assembly
BBF RFC 66: A RESTful API for Supporting Automated BioBrick Model Assembly
BBF RFC 67: Detailed Information Standard
BBF RFC 68: Standard for the Electronic Distribution of SBOLv Diagrams
BBF RFC 69: A New Standard to Connect BioBrick™ Parts for Precise Extraction of an Enzyme Digestion Product
BBF RFC 70: Standard Emulsification assay
BBF RFC 71: Phage Modification Standard
BBF RFC 72: miTuner - a kit for microRNA based gene expression tuning in mammalian cells
BBF RFC 73: miMeasure -- a standard for microRNA binding site characterization in mammalian cells
BBF RFC 74: "Biological integrated circuits"—a framework for devices using fixed and variable parts, a methodology for rapid prototyping of systems using these devices, and a notation to describe the resulting devices and systems
BBF RFC 75: General updating scheme for the design and construction of assembly vectors that are compatible with BBF RFC28 and Tom Knight's original assembly standard
BBF RFC 76: A Simple Alternative to Shuttle Vector DNA Manipulation by Homologous Recombination in S. cerevisiae
BBF RFC 77: Promoter and Coding Sequence Considerations for Caenorhabditis elegans and Other Eukaryotes
BBF RFC 78: Novel Normalization Standard using Fluorescence
BBF RFC 79: Construction a RBS library with different translational activity
BBF RFC 80: Plug 'n' Play with DNA
BBF RFC 81: "BioSandwich" - a homology based assembly method using a library of standard parts
BBF RFC 82: Reusable rapid assembly of genetic parts for Neurospora crassa
BBF RFC 83: PCR - Ligation Assembly Standard for BioBrick Parts
BBF RFC 84: Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) Version 1.0.0
BBF RFC 85: A method for making constructs with interchangeable regions in the middle
BBF RFC 86: Creating native registry functions to accommodate mutant libraries
BBF RFC 87: Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) Version 1.1.0
BBF RFC 88: The Golden Gate Standard
BBF RFC 89: The minimum information for a qualified BioBrick
BBF RFC 90: The Measurement of rho-independent Transcription Terminator Efficiency
BBF RFC 91: Phosphorothioate-based BioBrick cloning (Potsdam) Standard
BBF RFC 92: The GoldenBricks assembly: A standardized one-shot cloning technique for complete cassette assembly
BBF RFC 93: Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual (SBOL Visual) Version 1.0.0
BBF RFC 94: The Modular Cloning Assembly: Standardized Assembly of Bacterial Transcriptional Units Using Type IIS Restriction Enzymes BsaI and BpiI
BBF RFC 95: Open Sequence Initiative: a part submission standard to complement modern DNA assembly techniques
BBF RFC 96: The AutoAnnotator - Standardized annotation of protein-encoding BioBricks
BBF RFC 97: Genetic Circuit Standard 1.0
BBF RFC 98: Genbrick - A Rapid Multi-part Assembly Method for BioBricks
BBF RFC 99: HiCT: High Throughput Protocols for CPE Cloning and Transformation
BBF RFC 100: Standard for Synthesis of Customized Peptides by Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetases
BBF RFC 101: Logic Gene Module Standard
BBF RFC 102: Genetic Circuit Standard 2.0
BBF RFC 103: The Michigan Standard
BBF RFC 104: BrickClip - rapid assembly of multiple RFC10 BioBricks
BBF RFC 105: The Intein standard - an universal way to modify proteins after translation
BBF RFC 106: A Standard Type IIS Syntax for Plants
BBF RFC 107: Copyright and Licensing of BBF RFCs
BBF RFC 108: Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) Version 2.0.0
BBF RFC 109: Categorization of non-coding RNA In Part Registry
BBF RFC 110: BioBrick derived standard for in vitro and in vivo application of functional RNAs
BBF RFC 111: Inducible expression vector with His tag fusion for purification of RFC25 parts
BBF RFC 112: Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) Version 2.1.0
BBF RFC 113: Toolbox for bacteriophage based in vivo directed evolution
BBF RFC 114: Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL) Version 2.2
BBF RFC 115: Synthetic Biology Open Language Visual (SBOL Visual) Version 2.0


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Persecution News in Brief: Recent Incidents in India
CHHATTISGARH, India (CDN) – Police in Sivaho Dhamtari on Aug. 29 arrested three Christians after Hindu extremists filed a complaint against them of luring people to convert to Christianity by offering them money and "false hope." A source reported that the extremists had recently launched a series of attacks against Pastor Dilip Chakravarty, Ganga Ram and Shankar Lal of the Church of God, accusing them of forceful conversion and trying to force Ram and Lal to "reconvert" back to Hinduism. Ram and Lal sustained fractures on their hands and legs from the attacks. Area Christian leaders said no forceful conversion took place. The three Christians were charged with 295 (a) of the Indian Penal Code for "deliberate and malicious acts intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion" and were sent to Dhamtari district jail the same day.
Karnataka – Hindu extremists from the Bajrang Dal disrupted the worship meeting of Ebenezer Assembly of God Church and beat Pastor Ravi George and a church member identified only as Ramu on Aug. 29 in K.R. Nagar, Mysore. The Global Council of Indian Christians reported that about 20 extremists broke into the worship meeting, snatched Bibles and a mobile phone from Pastor George and started beating those present. The Christians received hospital treatment for serious head and hand injuries. Pastor George submitted a police complaint.
Karnataka – Christians in Madalawada, Haliya face a social boycott and the Rev. Philip Rock of St. Sebastian Church was charged with "causing disharmony" after Christians refused to follow Hindu rituals. In an effort to stop the spread of cholera in the village, local Hindu leaders On Aug. 24 urged villagers to pray to a Hindu deity and told them not to work on two Tuesdays and three Fridays, reported the Global Council of Indian Christians. Rock advised the Christians not to observe the Hindu rituals, and they resumed their daily activities. The Hindu extremists boycotted the Christians' businesses and grocery shops, kept students from attending Christian schools and refused to repair Christians' farm equipment. A police investigation is underway.
New Delhi – Hindu extremists from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and Bajrang Dal attacked Pastor Isaac Laal on Aug. 22 in Bhavana, Dariyakala Pura, New Delhi as he was returning home from a Sunday church service. The Evangelical Fellowship of India reported that armed extremists stopped him and took him to Municipal Corporation hall where about 150 RSS members were meeting. The extremists accused Laal of forceful conversion and severely beat him, leaving the pastor with internal injuries. The investigating officer of Bawana police station told Compass that police are investigating but no First Information Report has been registered.
Karnataka – Hindu nationalists on Aug. 20 beat a pastor after falsely accusing him of "allurement" in the conversion of villagers in Bhendwad, Belgaum district. The Global Council of Indian Christians (GCIC) reported that Pastor David Kalagade of Jeevan Jala Prayer Mandiram was conducting a prayer service at another Christian's house when 40 area extremists barged into the house at about 8 p.m. and accused him of bribing villagers to convert. Pastor Kalagade told Compass that the extremists tore up Christian literature and dragged him to the village council. Police were summoned, but the extremists could not substantiate their claims that people were given 500 to 1,000 rupees (about US$10 to US$20) to embrace Christianity. Police called the pastor to the police station on Aug. 21 and, contrary to the religious freedom provisions in the Indian constitution, forced him to sign a statement that he would not convert people in the village. Police official Anil Kumar told Compass that police also took a written statement from the extremists pledging that they would not create disturbances for the Christians. GCIC sources told Compass that the extremists were closely monitoring the daily activities of Christians.
Maharashtra – Police on Aug. 20 deported five South Korean students on the basis of the complaint of "propagating Christianity" on Aug. 16 by Hindu extremists in Pune. Manifesting one's faith is legal in India. The Indian Express reported the police as saying that the five Koreans were distributing pamphlets in Pimpri Chinchwad, which led to a quarrel with local Hindu extremists. Area Christians said the Koreans were leading Bible studies in Christian homes and were distributing pamphlets on health issues to those who wanted them.
Karnataka – Police on Aug. 19 detained a pastor after Hindu nationalists from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) beat him while he was showing a film in Mahalingapura, Bagalkot district. The Global Council of Indian Christians reported that Pastor Hanok Mahadev Inachi of the New Apostolic Church and two Christian students identified only as Sarah and Gauri were showing a film, "Oceans of Mercy" to villagers when a mob of over 200 RSS extremists attacked. The Hindu extremists repeatedly struck the pastor on his back and took the film projector, a DVD player, generators, amplifier and a speaker box worth nearly 100,000 rupees (US$2,135), which police later forced them to return. Pastor Inachi told Compass that the extremists pushed, shoved and struck his back as they forced him to the Mahalingapura police station. He was released the next morning without charges but was forced to sign a statement pledging that he would not enter the village again; the two women were also given a warning.
Madhya Pradesh – Police on Aug. 16 filed charges against a pastor under the state's "anti-conversion law" after local Hindu extremists disrupted his house church meeting in Nisarpur village, Dhar district. The Global Council of Indian Christians (GCIC) reported that as independent Pastor Balu Sasya and an assistant pastor identified only as Raju were leading nearly 30 Christians in prayer and worship, about 35 extremists stormed the church, shouting slogans and slapping Raju. Falsely accusing the pastors of forcibly converting villagers, the extremists forced Sasya and Raju to the Nisarpur police station and filed a false complaint against them, GCIC reported. A GCIC regional coordinator told Compass that both Sasya and Raju were in still in Badhawani jail at press time.
Tamil Nadu – Police arrested Pastor S. Martin Rajasekaran after Hindu extremists along with police disrupted a prayer meeting on Aug. 15 in Tanjore. Barging into the prayer meeting led by Pastor Rajasekaran, the extremists chased away the Christians, seized a church amplifier and loud speakers and locked the house, according to the All India Christian Council (AICC). The pastor had been threatened and driven away from his rented house six times by the extremists and insulted and manhandled many times, according to the AICC, but all his complaints to police were ignored.
Madhya Pradesh – Two Hindu extremists from the Bajrang Dal, Ram Naresh Rai and Santosh Namdin, threatened a Christian convert on Aug. 15 in Dhanora, Lahknadon. Achelal Jhariya of Light of the World Church told Compass that the extremists filed a complaint against him of forceful conversion, claiming that he was constructing his house for conversion activities. Jhariya said the extremists went to the property site and told him to stop worshipping Jesus and warned him to stop construction or they would destroy all his belongings. The Christian said he was not building the house for any conversion activities, though such activities are legal in India, and reported the matter to police. Officers promised him security.
Karnataka – Police arrested two Christians after Hindu extremists from the Bajrang Dal accused them of forceful conversion and disrupted their worship meeting on Aug. 15 in Mandya district. The Global Council of Indian Christians reported that the extremists led by Hanumant Raj, local president of the Bajrang Dal, forcefully entered the worship meeting in Shesha Gowda's home and started abusing the Christians. They filed a complaint against the Christians of forceful conversion in K.R. Pete police station. Police took 12 Christians to the station for questioning, releasing 10 without charges. Pastor Satish and Evangelist Ravi Pas, however, were arrested under Section 295 and 298 of the Indian Penal Code for "defiling a worship place with intent to insult religion of any class" and "uttering words with deliberate intent to wound the religious feelings of any person respectively."
Karnataka – Police on Aug. 13 detained Christians after accompanying Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) members to a church and standing by as the BJP extremists disrupted their worship in Birur, Chikmagalur district. The Global Council of Indian Christians (GCIC) reported that the Indian Pentecostal Church pastor identified only as Dileep, along with 10 other Christians including three women and a young child, were taken to the Kadur police station and interrogated for over four hours. During the interrogation, BJP extremists surrounded them and shouted false accusations of forcible conversion and other abusive statements at the terrified Christians. With GCIC intervention, the Christians were released at 8:30 p.m. with a strict warning, contrary to the religious freedom provisions in the Indian constitution, to refrain from conversion activities in the area.
Uttar Pradesh – Members of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) on Aug. 8 disrupted a Christian prayer meeting in Mailani, Lakhimpur-Kheri district, according to the Evangelical Fellowship of India (EFI). Nearly 25 BJP extremists accompanied by police gathered at 11 a.m. at Life Prayer Centre, where nearly 600 Christians had congregated for worship. The intolerant Hindus shouted slogans and demanded that Pastor Robert Samson come out, EFI reported. Police dispersed the Christians and took Pastor Samson in for questioning, releasing him later that afternoon without charges but allegedly threatening to shut down the church, according to EFI. Police also prohibited the congregation from gathering the following Sunday. Using a loudspeaker, the BJP nationalists continued making public accusations of forcible conversion by Pastor Samson throughout the day, EFI noted.
Karnataka – Members of the extremist Hindu Jagaran Vedike, a wing of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, on Aug. 8 disrupted a prayer meeting and falsely accused Christians of "forceful conversion" in Kanakagiri, Koppal district. The Evangelical Fellowship of India reported that at about 7:30 p.m. nearly 60 extremists stormed into an Evangelical Church of India service led by Pastor John Harris in the home of a family interested in learning about Christianity that had been regularly attending the church for about a year. Ordering the Christians to go outside where broadcast media were waiting, the extremists verbally abused the Christians for their faith, told them to stop all worship meetings and falsely accused them of forcible conversion. The Hindu nationalists took the Christians to the police station and pressured officers to arrest them. Police forced the Christians to sign a statement that they would not conduct meetings in homes and threatened to file a case against them if they did.
Bihar – Hindu extremists from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh on Aug. 7 attacked Singhasini Church and threatened Christians in Raxual. A source reported that the extremists pasted several pictures of Hanuman, a Hindu god, on the church's wall and demanded that Christians leave the area. The extremists further threatened the Christians that they would hoist the Hanuman flag over the church building if they continued to worship Jesus. With area Christian leaders' intervention, no further harm came to the church.
Maharashtra – Armed Hindu extremists on Aug. 1 attacked a church meeting and beat Christians including women and children, seriously injuring two people in Orlem, Malad. The Global Council of Indian Christians reported that after a group of armed extremists barged into the Sunday worship meeting of the Church of North India's St. Emmanuel Church, Ponkumar Nadar and Devashish Nagarwere sustained injuries that required treatment in a local hospital. The congregation was attacked with rods and other blunt weapons, according to the Catholic Secular Forum (CSF). Joseph Dias, secretary of CSF, told media that the Hindu extremists were drunk at the time of the attack.
West Bengal – Muslim extremists on Aug. 1 destroyed a vegetable field belonging to a Christian in Natungram, Murshidabad. The Evangelical Fellowship of India reported the field belonged to Gaffar Sheik, a member of Believer's Community Worship Center. Earlier, Raffiqul Sheik had warned Gaffar Sheik that if he continued to worship Christ, his crops would be burned. The extent of the damage was estimated at about 20,000 rupees (US$400). Police visited the site, and an investigation is underway.
Uttar Pradesh – Police detained Christian students after accusing them of forceful conversion on July 24 in Lukcnow. The All India Christian Council (AICC) reported that four students from Compassion for India Ministry were visiting the slum area when the police team led by an officer identified only as Tripati called their pastor to the police station. The officer accused the pastor and his team of forceful conversion and forced the Christians to report about their work in detail. Police took money from the pastor before releasing the students, reported the AICC. The students maintained that they were just distributing food to the needy in the poor area and that there was no forceful conversion.
Uttar Pradesh – A mob of about 50 Hindu extremists from the Bajrang Dal barged into a Christian meeting shouting, "Jai Shri Ram [Praise lord Ram]" on July 23 in Kanpur. The Global Council of Indian Christians reported that the extremists forcefully entered the two-day meeting organized by Pastor Samuel Sarkar of the Kanpur Pentecostal Church and stopped the service. Police came to the spot and took the two parties to the police station, where officers told the Christians to cancel their meeting, which was subsequently discontinued.

subset: commoncrawl


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To return them (Arnt and Gregor) to the holy arms of sanity, let them go back and read the day-to-day blogs of their own neighbors in north Georgia that they "serve," using the word loosely in regard to this case. As a former elected official, I will flatly state that if a comparable number of people blogged their disgust with me for weeks and weeks, and were horrified at my actions, I would move to Montana and graze with the buffalo.[End Update]
Here we are on June 1, with the Tonya Craft acquittal three weeks behind us, yet Buzz Franklin's office continues to insist that it is going to try private investigator Eric Echols on three felony counts of "interfering with a witness." As I noted a while back, the prosecutors have to be "stuck on stupid" to continue this charade.
There are two questions one must answer regarding this continued prosecutorial action. The first is this: Why in the world is Buzz Franklin continuing to insist that this trial take place? Second, we ask: What would be the prosecution strategy in order to try to convince a jury to vote a conviction?
I'm not sure about the answer to the first question, as rational people would think that a prosecutor should be going after real criminals, and there are a few of those running about the Lookout Mountain Judicial Circuit. (Unfortunately, as I shall point out, some of those criminals are in the prosecutor's office, but it is doubtful that these dangerous and desperate outlaws will find themselves in the dock.)
My sense is that prosecutors Len Gregor and Chris Arnt, after suffering a major league smackdown against Tonya Craft, are wanting to "prove" to people that they had a legitimate case after all and that trying and convicting Mr. Echols would enable for them to salvage some wounded pride. To drop the charges now, in their minds, would be tantamount to admitting they were wrong, and if there is one thing that anyone in Franklin's office is incapable of doing, it is admission of wrongdoing.
I also believe that Franklin believes that his minions can appeal to the racial prejudices of what most likely would be an all-white jury, although Gregor's false assertion during the trial that TONYA CRAFT WAS SLEEPING WITH A BLACK MAN (Mr. Echols) did not exactly resonate with jurors. Nonetheless, Franklin and company seem to believe that two times is the charm.
Whatever the reason for pursuing this abusive and wrongful prosecution, the LMJC prosecution team must depend upon a strategy, and the facts of the case offer slim pickings. Nonetheless, it might be interesting to see what rabbit Gregor and his friends might try to pull out of their hats.
With Tonya Craft, prosecutors were able to get "judge" Brian House to leave out reams of exculpatory evidence in order to protect their witnesses, who were committing perjury left and right. One person giving perjured testimony was Jerry McDonald, who told jurors that he had not spoken to Mr. Echols prior to the trial.
Why was this perjury? Indeed, Mr. Echols had spoken to McDonald the previous year and, in fact, had recorded the two-hour session. To make matters worse, prosecutors Arnt and Gregor had a recording of that conversation in their files. In other words, they knew about the conversation and also knew its contents, yet I would guarantee readers that McDonald's testimony was given at the prosecution's directive.
In other words, I am saying that prosecutors knowingly suborned untrue testimony, which is illegal. Lest readers doubt what I am saying, read Rule 3.3 of the Georgia State Bar, entitled "Candor Toward the Tribunal":
(a) A lawyer shall not knowingly:When Arnt and Gregor "allegedly" (though I doubt McDonald came up with his testimony on his own) told McDonald to claim he had not spoken to Mr. Echols, they allegedly violated Rule 3.3. Furthermore, if they wish to put Mr. Echols on trial, they have painted themselves into such a corner that the only way they can conduct a prosecution is for them to violate Rule 3.3 continuously.
(1) make a false statement of material fact or law to a tribunal;
(2) fail to disclose a material fact to a tribunal when disclosure is necessary to avoid assisting a criminal or fraudulent act by the client;
(3) fail to disclose to the tribunal legal authority in the controlling jurisdiction known to the lawyer to be directly adverse to the position of the client and not disclosed by opposing counsel; or
(4) offer evidence that the lawyer knows to be false. If a lawyer has offered material evidence and comes to know of its falsity, the lawyer shall take reasonable remedial measures.
(b) The duties stated in paragraph (a) continue to the conclusion of the proceeding, and apply even if compliance requires disclosure of information otherwise protected by Rule 1.6.
(c) A lawyer may refuse to offer evidence that the lawyer reasonably believes is false.
(d) In an ex parte proceeding, other than grand jury proceedings, a lawyer shall inform the tribunal of all material facts known to the lawyer that the lawyer reasonably believes are necessary to enable the tribunal to make an informed decision, whether or not the facts are adverse.
The maximum penalty for a violation of this Rule is disbarment.
In his defense, Mr. Echols would have the conversation with McDonald played in its entirety, and it would be clear to jurors that Mr. Echols made no threats against McDonald. This would leave prosecutors with one of three options.
The first would be to hope that the judge (especially if House presides) would keep the taped conversations out of evidence altogether. After all, that is what they did in the Tonya Craft trial, and House was all-too-happy to oblige the guys running the show. Now, LMJC judges are capable of just about anything, so while everyone knows that the conversations exist, a judge might just decide to pretend they don't, although I cannot imagine a legal precedent that would fit.
If prosecutors were successful there, they would be doing so only at violating Rule 3.3, as they would knowingly be pushing untrue testimony, and one can bet that some of us will be quite happy to notify the Georgia State Bar of the circumstances. Furthermore, that would be tantamount to suborning perjury in order to pursue a false case against an African-American, which no doubt would interest certain people in the U.S. Department of Justice and maybe the national media. (This time, there would be no little children making accusations, just prosecutors making bald-faced lies, and this time the people giving untrue assertions would not be seen as "sympathetic" to the press.)
Thus, if they could keep out the recordings, then McDonald could claim again on the stand that he had not spoken with Mr. Echols. Of course, if that were to happen, then the prosecutors just might be hard-pressed to claim why they were telling McDonald to lie when by the time the trial began, media people likely would have the recordings, and would be inclined to make the contents available to the public. With prosecutors openly suborning perjury to bring charges against an African-American, they would be receiving a lot of attention that would be less-than-pleasant.
My sense is that Mr. Echols will be permitted to enter the recordings into evidence, so now prosecutors would have another problem. During the Tonya Craft trial, McDonald testified that he had not spoken to Mr. Echols. In the trial of Mr. Echols, however, McDonald would then have to testify that he had spoken to the investigator, which would be an admission that he lied on the stand the first time.
What to do? Perhaps the prosecutors could get the original testimony kept out of the evidence file, pretending that McDonald never appeared on the witness stand against Tonya Craft. However, if the judge were to grant prosecutors such a request, the media would have access to the video recording of that testimony, and once again people around the country would see a judge and prosecutors teaming up to bring false evidence in order to try to convict an African-American, not a good scene.
Thus, the last option would be for prosecutors to get McDonald to claim that, yes, he had spoken to Mr. Echols and, yes, he had not been candid about the conversation during his original testimony. Most likely he would say that he lied on his own, without any help from prosecutors, and that it was just an error in judgment.
However, then prosecutors would have him add that Mr. Echols threatened him during an unrecorded conversation. Even though Mr. Echols is very, very cautious in his work and even though the man records everything and takes meticulous notes, nonetheless the prosecution would want jurors to believe that in a moment of arrogant carelessness, he made threats to McDonald, McDonald's wife, and his daughter.
The real question, then, is whether or not prosecutors could convince McDonald to lie twice. If they were to do that, then I believe they also would be violating Rule 3.4, entitled "Fairness to Opposing Party and Counsel." This rule states:
A lawyer shall not:What am I saying? I am saying that if Buzz Franklin's office continues to push this case against Mr. Echols, they can expect some of us to bring charges to the Georgia State Bar that prosecutors are violating Rules 3.3 and 3.4, and we will be able to bring the documented evidence with us.
(a) unlawfully obstruct another party's access to evidence or unlawfully alter, destroy or conceal a document or other material having potential evidentiary value. A lawyer shall not counsel or assist another person to do any such act;
(b) (1) falsify evidence;
(2) counsel or assist a witness to testify falsely;
The maximum penalty for a violation of this Rule is disbarment.
In some ways, the Eric Echols case is much more dangerous to Franklin and his minions than was the case against Tonya Craft, and I believe that Arnt and Gregor should be disbarred over their conduct in that one. However, with Mr. Echols being African-American and being tried in what essentially is an all-white Georgia county, the prosecution will face scrutiny that will make what they faced during the Craft trial seem to have been a picnic. That is not a threat on my part; I am just stating the facts as I see them.
Note that I have not dealt with the "Mommie, Dearest" incident with Sandra Lamb physically attacking Mr. Echols and calling him a "black bastard," with the whole sorry thing recorded on camera. The failure of LMJC prosecutors to deal with this lawbreaking provides one more reason why someone in authority needs to investigate Buzz Franklin, Chris Arnt, Len Gregor, and the rest of the prosecutors in that office.


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What is Natural Childbirth?
Some women choose to give birth using no medications at all, relying instead of techniques such as relaxation and controlled breathing for pain. With natural childbirth, the mother is in control of her body, usually with a labor assistant gently guiding and supporting her through the stages of labor.
For many moms-to-be, having a natural childbirth isn't about being "brave" or a "martyr" — it's about treating labor and delivery as a natural event. Many women find the experience, despite the pain, extremely empowering and rewarding.
About Natural Childbirth
Natural childbirth is a "low-tech" way of giving birth by letting nature take its course. This may include:
- going through labor and delivery without the help of medications, including pain relievers such as epidurals
- using few or no artificial medical interventions such as continuous fetal monitoring or episiotomies (when the area between the vagina and anus, called the perineum, is cut to make room for the baby during delivery)
- allowing the woman to lead the labor and delivery process, dealing with it in any way she is comfortable
Many women with low-risk pregnancies choose to go au natural to avoid any possible risks that medications could pose for the mother or baby. Pain medications can affect your labor — your blood pressure might drop, your labor might slow down or speed up, you might become nauseous, and you might feel a sense of lack of control.
But many women choose natural childbirth to feel more in touch with the birth experience and to deal with labor in a proactive manner.
Where Is It Done?
Some women who opt for natural childbirth choose to deliver in a non-hospital setting such as a birth center, where natural childbirth is the focus. Women are free to move around during their labor, get in positions that are most comfortable to them, and spend time in the tub or jacuzzi. The baby is monitored frequently, often with a handheld ultrasound device. Comfort measures such as hydrotherapy, massage, warm and cold compresses, and visualization and relaxation techniques are often used. The woman is free to eat and drink as she chooses.
A variety of health care professionals may work in the birth center setting — such as registered nurses, certified nurse midwives, and doulas (professionally trained providers of labor support and/or postpartum care) who act as labor assistants.
Studies indicate that getting continuous support during labor from a trained and experienced companion, such as a midwife or doula, can mean shorter labor, less (or no) medications, less chance of needing a C-section, and a more positive feeling about the labor when it's over.
These days, it's also possible to have a more natural childbirth in many hospitals. Some hospitals have birth centers, where a natural approach is taken, but medical intervention is available if needed. Many hospitals have modified their approach for low-risk births, and have rooms with homelike settings where women can labor, deliver, and recover without being moved. They may take their cues from the laboring woman, allowing labor to proceed more slowly and without intervention if all seems to be going well. They may use alternative pain-management techniques if requested and welcome the assistance of labor assistants like midwives or doulas.
In addition to the father, other children, grandparents, and friends may be allowed to attend the births (which is also common practice at birth centers). After birth, babies might remain with the mother longer. In its fullest form, this approach is sometimes called family-centered care.
If you're having a high-risk pregnancy, it's best to give birth in a hospital, where you can receive any necessary medical care (especially in the event of an emergency).
How Is It Done?
How you choose to work through the pain is up to you. Different women find that different methods work best for them. Many can control the pain by channeling their energy and focusing their minds on something else. The two most common childbirth philosophies in the United States are the Lamaze technique and the Bradley method.
The Lamaze technique teaches that birth is a normal, natural, and healthy process but takes a neutral position toward pain medication, encouraging women to make an informed decision about whether it's right for them.
The Bradley method (also called Husband-Coached Birth) emphasizes a natural approach to birth and the active participation of a birth coach. A major goal of this method is the avoidance of medications unless absolutely necessary. The Bradley method also focuses on good nutrition and exercise during pregnancy and relaxation and deep-breathing techniques as a method of coping with labor. Although the Bradley method advocates a medication-free birth experience, the classes do prepare parents for unexpected complications or situations, like emergency C-sections.
Other ways women handle pain during labor include:
- hypnosis (also called "hypnobirthing")
- yoga
- meditation
- walking
- massage or counterpressure
- changing position (such as walking around, showering, rocking, or leaning on birthing balls)
- taking a bath or shower
- immersion in warm water or a jacuzzi
- distractions via activities that keep the mind otherwise occupied
- listening to soothing music
- visual imagery
What Will It Feel Like?
Although labor is often thought of as one of the more painful events in human experience, it varies widely from woman to woman and even from pregnancy to pregnancy. Women experience labor pain differently — for some, it resembles menstrual cramps; for others, severe pressure; and for others, extremely strong waves that feel like diarrheal cramps. First-time mothers are more likely to give their pain a higher rating than women who've had babies before.
How Long Will It Take?
There's no magic timetable when you're giving birth. For some women, the baby comes in a few hours; for many others it may take all day (or longer). Whether you opt for medications or not, every woman's body reacts to labor differently.
Risks and Precautions
Natural childbirth is, in general, very safe. But it becomes risky when a woman ignores her health care provider's recommendations or if she refuses medical intervention if everything doesn't go as planned.
It's important for the well-being of you and your baby to be open to other options if complications occur. In an emergency, refusing medical help could put your life and your baby's at serious risk.
After Delivery
Like any woman who's given birth, you'll probably feel:
- exhausted — both you and your baby will probably want to sleep as much as possible
- shaky or cold — many women shiver after delivery; this is a natural reaction
- sore — you'll probably feel cramping in your uterus, especially with breastfeeding, and you'll have some pain and discomfort in and around your vagina
- elated and empowered — you may feel an overwhelming sense of accomplishment knowing that you did it
What If I Can't Handle the Pain?
Labor might hurt more than you had anticipated. Some women who had previously said they want no pain medicine whatsoever end up changing their minds once they're actually in labor. This is very common and completely understandable.
You should be applauded for your willingness and enthusiasm to try to deliver naturally. But if it turns out that the pain is too much to bear, don't feel bad about requesting medications. And if something doesn't go according to plan, you may need to be flexible as circumstances change. That doesn't make you any less brave or committed to your baby or the labor process. Giving birth is a beautiful and rewarding experience, with or without medical intervention.
More Questions? We've Got Answers.
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Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor. © 1995-2018 KidsHealth® All rights reserved. Images provided by Cook Children's, The Nemours Foundation, iStock, Getty Images, Veer, Shutterstock, and Clipart.com.


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Fruitwood Acres, New York has a few EOS Implementers to choose from. It's important when choosing an EOS implementer is to find the right fit and personality type to match your business. The EOS system is extremely popular in New York so it may also be a good idea to look for an implementer outside of Fruitwood Acres.
The Entrepreneurial Operating System has helped thousands of business leaders, with 10 to 250 employees, achieve rapid growth and a more balanced lifestyle. EOS is not a computer operating program. It's an people operating system , which harnesses human potential through a set of simple tools and principles.
Entrepreneurship is not about feeling stuck or burned out. EOS helps you get unstuck by organizing the many challenges you face each day and making them easier to manage. EOS helps you to resolve problems before they become problems. It also allows you to get the right people in place, make meetings more enjoyable, and create a culture that holds everyone accountable.
EOS is a platform that all staff are working towards the same end-goal. Your business will run more smoothly and profitably.
EOS is a system that enables entrepreneurs build and grow their businesses. The EOS provides a framework for goal setting, decision making, and accountability so orginization can operate more effectively and efficiently.
The EOS system is composed of six key components:
1. Vision – Understanding the company's goals and aims.
2. People – The right people in the right seats doing the right things.
3. Data – The collection and analysis of data to make informed decisions.
4. Issues – A process for identifying and addressing problems quickly.
5. Processes – Streamlined systems and processes that save time and money.
6. Traction – Consistent execution of the vision, people, data, issues, and processes.
The EOS system has helped countless entrepreneurs build and grow their businesses. If you're looking to take your business to the next level, consider implementing the EOS system into your business operations.
Fruitwood Acres, New York EOS Implementer
Expert problem solvers are the most effective business coaches and consultants.} When there's an issue within a company, or on a team of leaders, they immerse themselves deeply enough to uncover the root of the issue and suggest solutions. They're usually hired to implement the solution. This is a great concept, and many business coaches and consultants are a huge benefit to entrepreneurs and leaders.
Although EOS Implementers in Fruitwood Acres, New York are also experienced problem solvers. They work tirelessly to help clients to define, prioritize, and resolve problems on their own. Implementers use a proven system full of simple, practical tools to help leaders build their understanding of the Six Key Components(tm) of their business. They are EOS experts and solely focus on helping clients utilize the system to assist them to get traction and establish a strong vision that is shared by everyone. A EOS Implementer is an effective instructor and facilitator, however they're not equipped with all the answers.
A Fruitwood Acres EOS Implementer is also driven by curiosity, passion, and a determination to keep learning.|The passion and curiosity that drives implementers is what keeps them going.} My good colleague Ken DeWitt, a Certified EOS Implementer, has stated, "We're not perfect. We're vulnerable. We're more susceptible than we imagine. This helps us connect with our clients and give them the confidence to do what's best to their company.


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Everything you could want is right here!
Get Around
The hub of the transportation system!
Do Business
Downtown Boston has seen numerous new restaurants open in the recovery since the pandemic.
Live Here
From young to old, college students and retirees, Downtown Boston is a growing residential neighborhood
About Us
The Downtown Boston Business Improvement District (BID) is a private, non-profit corporation created and maintained by property owners to serve the entire downtown community.
My Itinerary
Save and share your favorite Downtown Boston places as you explore. Here's how it works:
Start browsing the Explore section.
Look for this icon to add to your itinerary.
Return to this menu to view your itinerary.
Jan 17, 2017


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Indulge in Ultimate Hair Care in Saint-marcel
At Saint-marcel, we understand that your hair is your crowning glory, and it deserves the best care possible. That's why we offer exceptional hair brushing services provided by our skilled and dedicated individual stylists.
When it comes to hair care, there's no one-size-fits-all solution. Our stylists take a personalized approach, tailoring their techniques to your unique hair type, texture, and styling preferences. Whether you're seeking a classic brush-out, a sleek blowout, or a style that's uniquely you, we've got you covered.
With our individual stylists in Saint-marcel, you can expect a level of attention and expertise that goes beyond the ordinary. They stay up-to-date with the latest trends and techniques to ensure you receive top-notch service every time you visit.
Tag: Hair Brushing Saint-marcel, Individual Hair Stylists in Saint-marcel
Why Choose Our Hair Brushing Services in Saint-marcel?
Personalized Care: We believe that every head of hair is unique. Our stylists take the time to understand your hair's needs, helping you achieve a look that enhances your natural beauty.
Quality Products: We use only the finest hair care products to ensure your hair receives the nourishment it deserves. From shampoos and conditioners to styling products, we've got the best for your locks.
Expert Techniques: Our individual stylists are true professionals with years of experience. They know how to handle all hair types and deliver the perfect style, every time.
Tag: Hair Styling Saint-marcel, Hair Care Experts Saint-marcel
Book Your Appointment Today
Ready to experience the ultimate in hair care? Book your appointment with our individual stylists in Saint-marcel today. Whether you're preparing for a special occasion or simply want to treat yourself to a day of pampering, we're here to make you look and feel your best.
Contact us now to schedule your appointment and discover why our hair brushing services in Saint-marcel are the go-to choice for those who demand excellence in hair care.


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Youth Programs >> Afterschool Programs
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All course registrations through local school CSOs
Please look through the courses listed below. By clicking on Course Title you can get a complete description of the class. You may also view the classes by location, instructor, price and date.
Series Classes: Some of our courses will offer a discount when registering for a class series. These are typically for camps, youth classes or adult programs. This can be viewed from the class level or from here.
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Defiant Of Deadline, Pro-Moscow Occupiers Persist
Pro-Moscow militants have taken over more government buildings in eastern Ukraine, ignoring a government deadline for them to lay down their weapons. The Ukrainian army may enter to retake the region.
From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Audie Cornish. In eastern Ukraine, people are bracing for possible war. The government gave a deadline of this morning for pro-Russian separatists to lay down their weapons. Instead, the demonstrators took over still more government buildings in eastern Ukrainian cities. Ukraine's president has promised to send in the army to retake this region near the Russian border.
NPR's Ari Shapiro reports from the city of Donetsk.
ARI SHAPIRO, BYLINE: This building was the scene of a massive demonstration on Sunday. More than 1,000 people marched outside the regional police headquarters in Donetsk.
SHAPIRO: They demanded that the police chief step down and he did. Today the place looks completely different. There are no barricades. Employees smoke cigarettes at the front entrance. It seems like a typical work day with people coming and going from the police station. Nadia(ph) is a teacher who came here to take care of some routine business. She brushes off talk of war.
NADIA: (Through interpreter) Who needs the army? What's actually happening is 100 armed people are proclaiming a new republic. It's not the one million people who live in Donetsk.
SHAPIRO: Just inside the police headquarters, though, the shield of the Ukrainian police force has been covered up by a flag proclaiming the independent Donetsk Republic. This building may not be barricaded, but it bears the protesters' mark of ownership. And the relative peace in Donetsk is the exception. Many cities are in upheaval today. Tatyana Bondariyenko(ph) is from the nearby town of Kramatorsk.
TATYANA BONDARIYENKO: (Through interpreter) It's not peaceful in our town.
SHAPIRO: Tell me what it's like in your city.
BONDARIYENKO: (Through interpreter) The Kramatorsk police department is barricaded and there are separatists inside.
SHAPIRO: Do you think that they are locals or do you think that they come from someplace else?
BONDARIYENKO: (Through interpreter) They're not locals. I think that these are Russian people.
SHAPIRO: What makes you say that?
BONDARIYENKO: (Through interpreter) I live in the city and I have relatives who went there. And they said the protesters have accents and they can't find their way around.
SHAPIRO: This video shows gunfire in the city of Kramatorsk as protesters took over the building yesterday.
SHAPIRO: And the militants keep expanding their footprints. In the town of Horlivka, armed men took over the mayor's office today. In this video posted on YouTube, a new commander introduces himself to the police, who stand at attention.
Hello, comrades, he says. What's your rank, asks one of the cops. Lieutenant Colonel, he replies. Of what? The Russian Army, he says. Though Russia's role is becoming more apparent here, many Ukrainian locals see the Russians as allies, not instigators. They don't trust Ukraine's new government in Kiev and would prefer to be closer with Moscow. A man who gives his name as Alexei is attending the demonstration in Donetsk with his baby in a stroller.
ALEXEI: (Though interpreter) Maybe some might be from Russia, but just a minority, not a significant number. Most people here are locals.
SHAPIRO: Would you like to see Russia send reinforcements, send troops to help the protesters?
ALEXEI: (Through interpreter) If the junta in Kiev sends troops here to suppress the uprising in this war, I don't mind Russia helping us.
SHAPIRO: Already some locals have shown themselves to be enthusiastic participants in the conflict. In the city of Slavyansk yesterday, protesters and Ukrainian special forces exchanged gunfire. People on both sides were killed. One of the roadblocks into the city was guarded by a human shield of babushkas, little old ladies wearing headscarves. Sitting at a protest in Donetsk, Lydia Constantinovna(ph) sports a shining set of gold teeth.
She says she's ready to give her life for this cause.
LYDIA CONSTANTINOVNA: (Through interpreter) My husband and I are pensioners. We have lived our lives already. I'm 70 years old and he's almost 80. We have decided we will die here as our parents did.
SHAPIRO: If that happens, the image of Ukrainian troops shooting their fellow citizens could be inflammatory. Some Ukrainians fear that Russian tanks just over the border are waiting for exactly that kind of provocation to intervene. Ari Shapiro, NPR News, Donetsk.
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