text:
Here's how you can use your cell phone as a PC replacement (it works!)
0. phoneArena posted on 10 Feb 2012, 07:33
Ready to make the switch away from your desktop/laptop/tablet? If you have one of the latest smartphones in your pocket, you might be surprised to find out that it's got the power to…
This is a discussion for a news. To read the whole news, click here
1. aries.phills (Posts: 146; Member since: 17 May 2011)
Haa. Really don't know what to say.
2. ledbetterp3 (Posts: 467; Member since: 31 Aug 2011)
There is still a lot of features android lacks when compared to a PC. But why not have both if you can? I hope both android and Microsoft windows continue to grow. I'd like to see android smartphones continue to catch up to computers, as well as computers advancing in technology. But it seems like everyone's main focus is only smartphones now...
17. SuperAndroidEvo (Posts: 4888; Member since: 15 Apr 2011)
You are 100% right, but just as it is right now, you got to be VERY pleasantly surprised! Imagine what a quad-core phone can do, by then it will have jumped the gap & could finally go towards a true PC in your pocket.
The smartphjone is the evolution of the PC. PC's are getting smaller & smaller so this could very well be the future.
34. nyteblayze (Posts: 1; Member since: 27 Apr 2017)
This is potentially is a solid move especially with the migration back to the 70's/80's design of mainframe based environments. Or Server Hosted applications.
On Android you can get a very high end functional RDP client by XtraLogic that allows remotely accessing Terminal Servers, or use programs like VMWare Horizon Client to access remote applications from a web based launcher. I can see in the next 5 years companies moving toward Cell Phone based thin clients with all of their applications behind firewalls requiring encrypted VPN connection.
3. kshell1 (Posts: 1143; Member since: 05 Oct 2011)
i love my LG g2x. i havent had any problems at all with it and frequently use the HDMI port on it to hook up to my tv and macbook works great especially when playing games like nfs shift or shadowgun
4. AndresJ (Posts: 48; Member since: 06 Feb 2012)
Mostly i have my laptop for gaming, so i can't use my phone to play modern pc games with it, at least not yet.
5. manuell3g (Posts: 66; Member since: 12 Aug 2011)
Hehehehe,can an iphone4s do this?
7. dirtydirty00 (Posts: 425; Member since: 21 Jan 2011)
notice how it says 'top smartphones'... not mid range phones.
10. gallitoking (Posts: 4721; Member since: 17 May 2011)
every Android high end device should be embarrassed as a "mid range" cell phone is kicking your a** in sales, customer satisfaction and lower return rate.... imagine if Apple does deliver a "high end" device.. game over right...
23. ledbetterp3 (Posts: 467; Member since: 31 Aug 2011)
Funny thing is Apple can't deliver a high end device.
27. Forsaken77 (Posts: 553; Member since: 09 Jun 2011)
Most mobile users aren't "power-users" and only need the dial pad to make calls and that's it. Most also don't see any need to pay for a data plan when it wouldn't be a highly used feature. Alot of store reps push the higher end phones on customers and when you get a person that really only needed a feature phone but walks away with the latest & greatest.... they have a difficult time learning how to use it. Therefore they take it back and get the phone they wanted in the first place. I just recently went through this situation with my mother. She saw all her children with smartphones and messing around with apps at family events. So she convinced herself she needs a smartphone just so she can download apps. When she got the phone, not only did she not want to take the time to learn how to use it, but never downloaded one single app. She is the type of person that leaves the phone at home most of the time because it's not an integral part of her life. So needless to say, I took the phone back and got her a feature phone without a data plan. I'd imagine there are many more like my mother when it comes to smartphone shopping and is probably a main reason why high-end Android devices are returned more frequently.
29. johnfranckiv (Posts: 17; Member since: 05 Oct 2011)
if you buy an iphone through vzw ( their top seller) you can't return it... you are stuck.
8. Victor.H (Posts: 902; Member since: 27 May 2011)
Not sure about the iPhone! Works with the iPad 2. For that, you'd need to jailbreak, though, and install DisplayOut on Cydia to mirror your display to an external monitor.
9. RazaAsad (Posts: 100; Member since: 24 Nov 2011)
Hello Victor, Can you please tell me if it will work on Lumia 900?
16. SuperAndroidEvo (Posts: 4888; Member since: 15 Apr 2011)
Why jailbreak an iPhone/iPad when you can just get an Android phone & do that STOCK!
19. MobileCaseReview (Posts: 242; Member since: 10 Feb 2012)
the Ipad 2 offers full fledged mirroring as does the iphone 4s. No need to jailbreak.
21. biophone (Posts: 1994; Member since: 15 Jun 2011)
Wow i was going to say that no fair. Anyway i hve seen this work on a iphone 4 an its pretty cool.
30. rcrider4 (Posts: 118; Member since: 14 Nov 2011)
You can do that on an iPad 2 or iPhone 4S using either the Digital AV adapter or using AirPlay through apple tv. No jailbreak needed
11. Yankchef (Posts: 76; Member since: 03 Feb 2012)
I have considered this as well, especially with the newer motorola phones and their webtop feature I can use my phone to do everything i need to do. I can even search for and download torrents.
The limits I have found are as one previous poster said high end gaming and also 1080p dvd files and such the playback is choppy and still not nearly as good as my 4 year old laptop. I could see cell phones being at this level in a year and a half or so and eventually be powerful enough for your cell phone to be you primary computer that you then dock into other things for increased functionality or just use wifi technology to be able to use your devices' computer in other medium's. The future is almost here haha
12. ZayZay (Posts: 571; Member since: 26 Feb 2011)
Well, that answers my "Should I get a laptop, Tablet, or stick with my Cell phone?" Question. This is exactly what I will be doing. A moniter on my desk at work and on my desk at home.
13. QWIKSTRIKE (Posts: 1408; Member since: 09 Mar 2010)
Stupid Idea....this is only good just to say I use my phone as a pc. Get a grip....you can't do any real production with these items. For casual browsing and emailing it would be fine. Any thing like a spread sheet, and pure work and it will be lame. If you need space just buy a HTPC get rid of the DVD/Tivo/Cable box set up and call it a day. Using web dock when you have it hooked up to a Pc may be fancy, and give bragging rights but for production work like Photo shop and other real intense programs it's a fail.
In all the bragging rights is all that can be done realistically with these units unless you just browse the web, and answer mail.
18. Cwebb (Posts: 501; Member since: 05 Oct 2011)
Or just Splashtop or eventually Onlive
28. justtesting (Posts: 1; Member since: 11 Feb 2012)
You're kidding, of course?
Remember the PDA's of a decade ago? Like the Sharp Zaurus series?
Like today's phones, they ran Linux inside, they came with Office packages, you could compile and run any Linux software on them. you want software that needs X? install an X server! Then install OpenOffice or gimp or whatever...
The difference is that they ran at a fraction of the speed of today's (even single core) processors.
Want software that REALLY files? Get packages that once flew on half-MIP microVAXen under 4.3Reno, or Mt. Xinu's More/BSD (or even VMS)**, compile the free VAX emulator, boot /vmunix from the "a" partition of an emulated RM03, then run application software that was written when people still had to take "combinatorial algorithms" classes (among others) before anyone would hire them to write software.
For gods sake, The 19 campus California State University system had hundreds of students and faculty members running programs simultaneously on a single 20 MIPS Control Data Corp. "supercomputer" in the eighties, Today's dumb phones contain processors that run a couple of orders of magnitude faster.
Your phone is not underpowered. Just the people programming it are!
Today's users have learned to think of a 1 Ghz CPU as "slow" because the overhead of todays code (written by self-styled programmers who lack formal training) is astronomical. Similarly, the acceptance of "blue screens" as a "fact of life" is mind blowing to those who *are* formally trained. That todays' programmers have to code try to avoid them says volumes about how badly written today's OS's are. When an application triggers a "blue screen" it is not the app author's fault. It is purely the OS's fault (sorry about the double entendre).
I am forever thankful that industry chose to use linux for the embedded OS used by phones, etc. For a phone call to be prematurely terminated due to an embedded Windows OS incurring a "blue screen" (even if it were, as would probably be the case, hidden to keep the user from becoming aware of what had actually happened) would be unconscionable.
**: Even more fun would be running RT-11 software on a pdp-11 emulator! Imagine an 11/23 sped up to half a gigaherz
14. ryan5609 (Posts: 107; Member since: 01 Nov 2011)
This is a great demo that really shows the capabilities of ICS and Android phones. But I think that this would be amazing if someone could find a way to make the user experience just a little better. Everything is way to big (Icons, stuff like that) because the monitor is mirroring the display of the phone, thus lower resolution. It would be awesome if your phone could recognize the LCD monitor resolution and match that with the ICS tablet interface, I know ICS can display both tablet mode and phone mode, it is built into the software, you need to change some parameters. I have no interest yet, in this being a true desktop replacement, but it would be great to use it like this when you don't want to carry your laptop or just for fun.
15. RamyRamz69 (Posts: 390; Member since: 12 Dec 2011)
Get the LiveDock from Sony Ericsson then connect one cable to your pc...
26. spiderpig2894 (Posts: 597; Member since: 10 Jan 2012)
i guess sony is the only one who is featuring HDMI capabilities on their videos.
20. PAPINYC (banned) (Posts: 2315; Member since: 30 Jul 2011)
It only took you guys 2 months to come out with this story (great story by the way)!!
Yeah, I've been doing this on my DROID RAZR™ since early December 2011 and, as I have previously posted, all apps' work via HDMI Out (No liMiTations, unlike iPhone 4S, 4T, 4U-V-W-X-Y-Z). Everything displays full screen, flawlessly. And, everything works flawlessly, e.g, Netflix, Browser (Stock), Skyfire, MX Video Player Pro, Gmail, Music Player, etc.
Haven't tried a keyboard though (but will, just not a [kr]Apple keyboard).
And, have a few Shē€py friends with iDuds; they can not do this at all!!!
22. ChafedBanana (Posts: 402; Member since: 20 Sep 2011)
Where can I get the mhl to HDMI cable from? I tried one of the Samsung MHL adapters and a standard HDMI cable but ended up returning the adapter because although I had the Samsung charger plugged into the mhl adapter, it did NOT keep my Galaxy Nexus charged or even charge it at all. The phone said it was charging but wasn't.
24. Mobile-X-Pert (Posts: 565; Member since: 20 Dec 2010)
When smartphones can play Crysis maxed out, then I will replace PC for a smartphone. Lol


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The Gardener's Perseverance and the Fruits of His Labor
Above: Carly Still, who joined the staff as a part-time gardener just last week, tending to the woodland plants under the quince. Photograph by Corey Eilhardt
Then come the showers of Spring, from time to time
Watering our tiny crop, and in its turn
The gentle moon caresses the delicate leaves.
Should a dry spell rob the plants of the moisture they need,
My gardening zeal and the fear that the slender shoots
May die of thirst make me scurry to bring fresh water
In brimming buckets. With my own hands I pour it
Drop by drop, taking care not to shift the seeds
By too sudden or lavish a soaking. Sure enough,
In a little while the garden is carpeted over
With tiny young shoots. True, that part there
Below the high roof is dry and rough from the lack
Of rain and the heaven's benison; true, this
Part here is always in shade, for the high wall's
Solid rampart forbids the sun to enter.
Yet of all that was lately entrusted to it, the garden
Has held nothing enclosed in its sluggish soil
Without hope of growth. What is more, those plants that were moved,
More dead than alive, to the newly dug furrows are now
Green again; our garden has brought them back
To life, making them good with abundant growth.
???From Hortulus by Walahfrid Strabo. Translated from the Latin by Raef Payne. The Hunt Botanical Library, 1966.
The ninth-century Benedictine abbot Walahfrid Strabo was a gardener as well as a scholar and a poet, and worked hard in his monastery garden. We, too, are hard at work bringing the gardens of The Cloisters back to life after a long winter. Much remains to be done, but the hellebores, violets, daffodils, lungworts, and fritillaries are in bloom. The hops are climbing, the pear tree is blossoming, and the quince are putting out tiny, silvery leaves.
???Deirdre Larkin

subset: commoncrawl


text: So Quincy Acy's new position is a full time small forward and will be be Fields main competition for minutes. Is this a good move for the raps training staff? IMO more of Quincy Act off the bench with his motor is a good thing in my book he displayed some nice new skills in Summer League


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Your browser does not support iframes.
Once again, it's the time of year when some of you are considering buying your child or loved one a puppy, kitten or other pet for Christmas. I just want to beg those of you who are thinking about it to consider a few things before you make such a big decision and no mistake about it ... it is a big decision, especially this time of year, for the following reasons:
How can the U.S. auto industry compete with foreign carmakers when the average hourly pay, including fringe benefits, for the Big Three workers is about $74 per hour compared to $48 per hour for the workers manufacturing foreign cars in the U.S.?
Now that the election is finally finished and we're awaiting the transition of administrations, perhaps we can take the opportunity to consider more worldly and mundane subjects.
I recently discovered information that may of interest to some of your readers, as it interests me.
I want everyone to know about the wonderful City Police Department that Campbellsville has, as well as the prosecuting attorney's office.
I have filed over five complaints with the County Attorney's office due to being constantly harassed by another person. I have had the police out here so many times I have lost count.
Winter, with its bitter wind, rain and snow, is rapidly approaching. Now is the time to check our doghouses, patching and repairing all cracks and leaks. It is also the time for clean bedding, with straw being the best. This bedding will probably need to be replaced several times during the winter. Putting a board along the bottom of the door opening will keep the bedding in the doghouse. Turning the door away from the wind also helps protect our animals from the cold.
Cats also need a house, something they can get into, not just a box in the garage or shed.
This is what America is all about, the first African American to reach the highest office in our country, the United States Presidency. From the back of a bus to the forefront of the White House, a black president in office is a victory for all of us Americans, no matter what color we are.
Dave Thomas, Lee Majors, former President Bill Clinton and Halle Berry. What do these famous people have in common? They were all adopted by someone who cared.
November is National Adoption Awareness Month, and Gov. Steve Beshear has concurred, it is Adoption Awareness Month in Kentucky.
Thank you for printing the sample ballot in the paper, because if you had not, I would not have voted on the correct one.
The poll workers, the same ones who have been there year after year, did not hand me the correct ballot. In fact, they did not know whether to give many of the people a city or a county ballot. They were passing the people on to vote before they had checked the book. They were guessing.
Taylor County Clerk Mark Carney had this response:
Thanks for taking the time to share your experience and tell us about the concerns you had on Election Day. I am glad to hear how the ballot being printed in the paper is used by voters in preparation for the Election. The County spends lots of money every election to advertise the ballot in the newspaper. The cost of the advertisement depends upon the size of ballot. The cost to run the ballot in the paper this year was $589.68, but it is money well spent when voters take the time to review it.
High Social Security payroll taxes have contributed to yearly Social Security Trust Fund surpluses until the proclaimed surplus is now in excess of $2,140 billion ($2.14 trillion).
However, Congress has elected to sacrifice Social Security on the alter of corruption by spending the entire surplus, requiring the U.S. Treasury to cover the embezzlement by issuing non-negotiable IOU bonds to the Trust Fund. Such irresponsible and reprehensible behavior should alert voters that no member of Congress has the integrity to be our president.
Copyright © 2018
The Central Kentucky News-Journal is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Campbellsville, KY and the surrounding area.


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(part one)
Ah, November, month of bonfires, remembrance and coughs and colds - in UK anyway.
Your challenge for the next two weeks is to write a drabble from the point of view of an OC (yes, really) who is working in St. Mungos. Whilst they are there, they come into contact with a patient. Somewhere along the way, your OC changes things for the patient.
- The patient must be a canon character.
- The patient must be able to have a conversation with your OC.
- Any character, any era, any ward.
A note about drabbles. You are allowed to use a beta (we beg you to use a beta) because its always a great shame when we read fantastic drabbles but have to discount them because of SPaG errors.
All drabbles should be between 300-500 words. All MNFF guidelines must be followed.
Participation - 5 points (that's per entrant not entry)
First 15 points
Second 10 points
Third 5 points
The barmaids reserve the right to award more or less points and places depending on the quality of the drabbles. We have not cake-womaned anyone yet, but it could very well happen. **
Use this form for your entry:
This competition will close on Thursday 15th November at 9PM.PHP Code:
[B]Word Count:[/B]
Good Luck!
~Madam Carmerta~
** And just what is 'cake-womaning'? The explanation is here.


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Rihanna has some new ink – and it's a motto she plans to live by everyday.
"I got it! Last night!" Rihanna told Access Hollywood when asked about her new tattoo Tuesday night at the launch of VEVO, a new music video Web site, at Skylight Studio in New York City.
VIEW THE PHOTOS: The Latest Star Sightings
"It reads, 'Never a failure, always a lesson,' and that's my motto for life," she said of the new art.
And her new tattoo might not read right at first glance.
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Rihanna: Music's Style Superstar
"I did it backwards so I could read it to myself in the mirror," she explained to Access.
The singer has a number of tattoos, including a trail of stars on her neck, the word "Shh…" on her index finger and small gun tattoo under her right arm.
CLICK HERE to see Access' whole interview with Rihanna and find out if she's made any New Years resolutions yet for 2010.
Related Content from AccessHollywood.com:
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Young Hollywood Starlets!
PLAY IT NOW: Rihanna Reveals New Tattoo At VEVO Launch
PLAY IT NOW: Rihanna On New Album: 'It's The Beginning Of A New Journey For Me'
MORE ACCESS ON THESE TOPICS: Rihanna - Resolutions - Tattoos - Music Video - Music


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Harper Wiener, 2, climbed into her mom's lap and squeezed a toy. "Giraffe," she squealed as she hugged the toy giraffe tightly with a big smile on her face.
Harper Wiener, 2, climbed into her mom's lap and squeezed a toy. "Giraffe," she squealed as she hugged the toy giraffe tightly with a big smile on her face.
The toy was an organic rattle made by her mom, Jamie. In December of 2011, Jamie Wiener was laid off and instead of just waiting on the next job opportunity, she decided to invest her creativity into something that might earn some money.
"I was home with Harper," the 31-year-old said. "I was just looking for different things to do."
Her mother-in-law threw out the idea of making toys, and now the Flat Rock woman's rattles are in a contest for a Martha Stewart's American Made Audience Choice Award.
Wiener's first design was a simple stuffed animal. She tested it on Harper, then went back and added silky tags to it, and Harper liked it a little more. Finally, Wiener turned it into a rattle and Harper loved it. They named the stuffed giraffe "Hazel" and it stuck.
"It was definitely in need of a fine-tuning," she said.
She named the toy line Harper & Hazel and it's sold at 14 locations in North and South Carolina and Florida. The toys are all organic. They're made with GOTS certified organic cotton, natural corn stuffing, organic thread and hand batiked ribbon.
Why organic? "Harper was putting everything in her mouth," Wiener said. With the amount of recalled toys in recent years, she was looking for a "safer product."
Each toy takes 45 minutes to make. Wiener completes 30 toys in a month on average and even though she now works full-time at the Children and Family Resource Center, she is still fulfilling orders at the stores that carry her toys.
Locally, they can be bought at The Wrinkled Egg in Flat Rock, Homestead Linens and Willow Road Market in Hendersonville and Nest Organics in Asheville.
"I would love to grow my business," she said. "That would be a dream."
That could start with the audience award from the Martha Stewart brand. People can vote for her toys at www.marthastewart.com/americanmade/nominee/80460. People can vote up to six times per day.
For more information about the toys, visit www.harperandhazel.com or at Harper & Hazel on Facebook.
Reach Millwood at 828-694-7881 or at email@example.com.


text:
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text:
Let's try this again.
Generally I dislike oppressive moderating, but this thread will be strictly moderated (I admit that it was in part my own fault for the degeneration of the previous thread), and irrelevant posts will be removed as per my discretion. Please limit comments to constructive criticism.
What would you like to see added to Cprogramming.com?


text:
Man Named Guy Fowlkes Blows Up Florida Fireworks Stand
Remember, remember the ... 21st of June? That's the day a 33-year-old fireworks tent employee from Orlando, Fl., went a little bonkers, detonating everything in the tent after an altercation with his pregnant girlfriend. His name is Guy Fowlkes.
The Orlando Sentinel reports that Fowlkes got into a fight about a storage unit with his girlfriend, who he then "struck [on] the left side of her face." Then he started blowing stuff up.
He went into the tent and began to light up fireworks, directing some of them at other employees. He also lit the fuse of two firecrackers and placed them inside the gas tank of an employee's car.
When police arrived at the scene, Fowlkes "seemed to be having a seizure [and] said he did not know what was happening and did not remember anything."
Video of this pyrotechnical domestic disturbance is available at the Sentinel website. Any similarities to Guy Fawkes, the 17th Century conspirator who plotted to blow up British Parliament with 36 barrels of gunpowder, as depicted in the film V for Vendetta, are purely hilarious. Natalie Portman's shaved head couldn't be reached for comment. [Orlando Sentinel, photo via Shutterstock]


text:
Name: Equinox Chick
House: Hufflepuff
Story: O.W.L.s, Quidditch and the Added Distraction of Sirius Black
Category: Marauder Era
Ratings: 1st-2nd
Warnings: Mild Profanity
Summary:~Carole~Martha Macdonald is in trouble. If she doesn't pass enough O.W.L.s then her dad has decreed that she will not be coming back to Hogwarts for her N.E.W.T. years. For Martha, returning to Hogwarts is essential or her dream of playing professional Quidditch will disappear faster than the Snitch at the start of a match.
Perhaps if she'd studied instead of flying, then she wouldn't be in this mess. Maybe if her boyfriend wasn't the distracting Sirius Black, then her brains wouldn't turn to mush as soon as she bent over her textbooks.
Or, says a small voice in the back of her head, perhaps she's just stupid.
Will Martha scrape an Acceptable or will she always be a Troll?


text:
SBA Revises, Eliminates Loan Program Rules
The U.S. Small Business Administration has eliminated or revised several requirements for its 7(a) and 504 loan programs.
According to the agency, the changes include, but are not limited to:
- Elimination of the personal resource test which benefits borrowers by adding flexibility in the management of their allocation of personal resources to the small business;
- Elimination of the nine-month rule for 504 eligible project expenses which allows businesses a longer timeframe in to organize and initiate their small business project;
- Revised 504 loan program collateral requirements to allow third party lenders to take collateral in addition to project collateral under certain conditions; and
- Enhanced certified development company corporate governance requirements to ensure more board accountability and to reduce risks to the SBA portfolio.
Ann Marie Mehlum, SBA associate administrator for the Office of Capital Access, said the program enhancements will expand program eligibility and improve access to capital for small businesses.
The full text of the final improvements is available on the SBA's website.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 20, 2005
|Filing date
|May 26, 2004
|Priority date
|Apr 20, 1995
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Doug Duchon, Thomas Paulson, Vince Copa, Robert F. Wilson, Jiyan Liu
|Original Assignee
|Acist Medical Systems, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (54), Referenced by (25), Classifications (34), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/174,356, filed Jun. 17, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,746,427, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/575,406, filed May 22, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,447,481, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/957,228, filed Oct. 24, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,099,502, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/946,667, filed Oct. 7, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,882,343, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/426,149, filed Apr. 20, 1995, now abandoned, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
This invention relates to angiography and more specifically, the injector used to inject a medical fluid such as radiographic contrast material into living organisms.
One of the major systems in the human body is the circulatory system. The major components of the circulatory system are the heart, blood vessels, and the blood, all of which are vital to the transportation of materials between the external environment and the different cells and tissues of the human body.
The blood vessels are the network of passageways through which the blood travels in the human body. Specifically, arteries carry the oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle of the heart. These arteries are aligned in progressively decreasing diameter and pressure capability from the aorta, which carries the blood immediately out of the heart to other major arteries, to smaller arteries, to arterioles, and finally to tiny capillaries, which feed the cells and tissues of the human body. Similarly, veins carry the oxygen-depleted blood back to the right atrium of the heart using a progressively increasing diameter network of venules and veins.
If the heart chambers, valves, arteries, veins or other capillaries connected thereto are either abnormal (such as from a birth defect), restricted (such as from atherosclerotic plaque buildup), or deteriorating (such as from aneurysm formation), then a physician may need to examine the heart and connected network of vessels. The physician may also need to correct any problems encountered during the examination with a catheter or similar medical instrument.
Angiography is a procedure used in the detection and treatment of abnormalities or restrictions in blood vessels. During angiography, a radiographic image of a vascular structure is obtained by injecting radiographic contrast material through a catheter into a vein or artery. The vascular structures fluidly connected with the vein or artery in which the injection occurred are filled with contrast material. X-rays are passed through the region of the body in which the contrast, material was injected. The X-rays are absorbed by the contrast material, causing a radiographic outline or image of the blood vessel containing the contrast material. The x-ray images of the blood vessels filled with contrast material are usually recorded onto film or videotape and are displayed on a fluoroscope monitor.
Angiography gives the doctor an image of the vascular structures in question. This image may be used solely for diagnostic purposes, or the image may be used during a procedure such as angioplasty where a balloon is inserted into the vascular system and inflated to open a stenosis caused by atherosclerotic plaque buildup.
Currently, during angiography, after a physician places a catheter into a vein or artery (by direct insertion into the vessel or through a skin puncture site), the angiographic catheter is connected to either a manual or an automatic contrast injection mechanism.
A simple manual contrast injection mechanism typically has a syringe and a catheter connection. The syringe includes a chamber with a plunger therein. Radiographic contrast material is suctioned into the chamber. Any air is removed by actuating the plunger while the catheter connection is facing upward so, that any air, which floats on the radiographic contrast material, is ejected from the chamber into the air. The catheter connection is then attached to a catheter that is positioned in a vein or artery in the patient.
The plunger is manually actuated to eject the radiographic contrast material from the chamber, through the catheter, and into a vein or artery. The user of the manual contrast injection mechanism may adjust the rate and volume of injection by altering the manual actuation force applied to the plunger.
Often, more than one type of fluid injection is desired, such as a saline flush followed by the radiographic contrast material. One of the most common manual injection mechanisms used today includes a valve mechanism which controls which of the fluids will flow into the valving mechanism and out to the catheter within the patient. The valve mechanism contains a plurality of manual valves that the user operates manually to open and close that particular fluid channel. When the user suctions or injects contrast fluid into the chamber, the fluid is pulled from the valve mechanism via the open valves. By changing the valve positions, another fluid may be injected.
These manual injection mechanisms are typically hand actuated. This allows user control over the quantity and pressure of the injection. However, all of the manual systems are only capable of injecting the radiographic contrast material at maximum pressure that can be applied by the human hand (i.e., 150 p.s.i). Also, the quantity of radiographic contrast material is typically limited to a maximum of about 12 cc. Finally, there are no safety limits on these manual contrast injection mechanisms which act to restrict or stop injections that are outside of reasonable parameters (such as rate or pressure) and no active sensors to detect air bubbles or other hazards.
Currently used motorized injection devices consist of a syringe connected to a linear actuator. The linear actuator is connected to a motor, which is controlled electronically. The operator enters into the electronic control a fixed volume of contrast material to be injected at a fixed rate of injection. The fixed rate of injection consists of a specified initial rate of flow increase and a final rate of injection until the entire volume of contrast material is injected. There is no interactive control between the operator and machine, except to start or stop the injection. Any change in flow rate must occur by stopping the machine and resetting the parameters.
The lack of ability to vary the rate of injection during the injection results in suboptimal quality of angiographic studies. This is because the optimal flow rate of injections varies considerably between patients. In the cardiovascular system, the rate and volume of contrast injection is dependent on the size of and blood flow rate within the chamber or blood vessel being injected. In many or most cases, these parameters are not known precisely. Moreover, the optimal rate of injection can change rapidly, as the patient's condition changes in response to drugs, illness, or normal physiology. Consequently, the initial injection of contrast material may be insufficient in flow rate to outline the structure on x-ray imaging, necessitating another injection. Conversely, an excessive flow rate might injure the chamber or blood vessel being injected, cause the catheter to be displaced (from the jet of contrast material exiting the catheter tip), or lead to toxic effects from contrast overdose (such as abnormal heart rhythm).
At present, the operator can choose between two systems for injecting contrast material: a manual injection system which allows for a variable, operator interactive flow rate of limited flow rate and a preprogrammed motorized system without operator interactive feedback (other than the operator can start/stop the procedure).
The invention described in Ser. No. 08/426,149 is a dual port syringe used to deliver medical fluids such as angiographic radiographic contrast material to a patient. The dual port syringe includes a syringe body, a piston which is reciprocally movable in the syringe body, and upper and lower parts.
The upper port is connected to a fluid reservoir so that medical fluid is drawn from the fluid reservoir through the upper port into the syringe body when the piston moves in a rearward direction. The lower port is connected to a device, such as a catheter, through which the medical fluid is delivered under pressure to the patient. When the piston moves in a forward direction, medical fluid is delivered under pressure out of the syringe body through the lower port.
In preferred embodiments, the first valve is connected between the fluid reservoir and the upper port, and a second valve is connected between the lower port and patient. The first valve permits flow of fluid from the fluid reservoir to the upper port when the piston moves rearwardly and air to be expelled when the piston moves forwardly. The second valve permits flow of material out of the lower port when the piston moves in a forward direction.
The present invention comprises a syringe for use in a angiographic injector of a type having a syringe holder. The syringe includes a syringe body having a distal end and a proximal end. The syringe body defines a pumping chamber and an inlet port. A syringe end wall is located at the distal end of the syringe body and has a flat face for mating engagement with the syringe holder. The end wall defines an outlet port. A syringe plunger is located in the pumping chamber and is adapted for reciprocal motion between a position proximate to the proximal end and the distal end.
Preferably, the syringe end wall defines an interior portion and an exterior portion. The exterior portion defines the flat face. In preferred embodiments, the exterior portion is reinforced with a plurality of ribs. The ribs each have end portions terminating in a plane transverse to a longitudinal axis of the syringe body. The end portions of the ribs define the flat face. Preferably, the interior portion defines a cone-shaped surface.
In one preferred arrangement, the syringe body defines a top portion. The inlet port is located in the top portion.
Preferably, the end wall defines a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is adjacent to the top portion of the syringe body, and the second portion is adjacent to an end of the end wall opposite of the first portion. The outlet port is preferably located in the second portion of the end wall.
Preferably, a valve arrangement is constructed and arranged to prevent liquid from flowing out of the pumping chamber through the inlet port when the plunger moves from the proximal end to the distal end.
In another aspect, the invention is directed to an injection system comprising a syringe and a syringe holder arrangement. The syringe includes a barrel defining a pumping chamber, a longitudinal axis, and at least one port for providing fluid flow communication with the pumping chamber. The barrel has a distal end and a proximal end. The distal end includes a flat wall section normal to the central longitudinal axis. The syringe includes a plunger constructed and arranged within the pumping chamber for reciprocal motion between a position adjacent to the proximal end and the distal end. The syringe holder arrangement includes a mounting chamber body and door member. The mounting chamber body is constructed and arranged to hold the syringe, and it includes a loading end for receipt of the syringe. The door member is movable relative to the body to allow for selective opening and closing of the loading end of the mounting chamber body. The door member defines a flat, planar surface for abutting engagement with the flat wall section of the syringe.
Preferably, the syringe includes an inlet port and an outlet port. The outlet port is preferably defined by the flat wall section. The syringe includes an inlet port housing surrounding the inlet port, and an outlet port housing surrounding the outlet port. The outlet port housing projects from the flat wall section.
Preferably, the door member defines a slot for slidable communication with the outlet port housing. That is, as the door member rotates into a closed position, the outlet port housing slides in the slot.
In one preferred embodiment, the syringe holder arrangement further includes a pressure containment sleeve selectively mounted within the mounting chamber body for slidable receipt of the syringe. The pressure containment sleeve defines open first and second, opposite ends. The first end is adjacent to the loading end of the mounting chamber body. The door member is selectively movable to open and close the first end.
Preferably, the pressure containment sleeve defines an open channel for slidable communication with the inlet port housing.
In preferred arrangements, the syringe holder arrangement further includes a plate mounted in covering relation to the second end of the pressure containment sleeve. The plate defines an aperture for allowing manipulation of the syringe plunger, when the syringe is positioned in the pressure containment sleeve. Preferably, the syringe holder arrangement further includes a bottle-holder assembly constructed and arranged to mount a bottle in fluid flow communication with the inlet port housing.
In another aspect, the invention is directed to a method for mounting a syringe. The method comprises a step of first, positioning a syringe through a front aperture in a syringe holder arrangement. After the step of positioning a syringe, the method includes pivoting a door of the syringe holder arrangement to close the front aperture and abut a front face of the syringe.
Preferably, the step of positioning a syringe includes providing a syringe having a first end at the syringe front face and defining a fluid port, and a second end slidably receiving a plunger. The step of positioning includes orienting the syringe through the front aperture such that the second end passes through the front aperture followed by the first end.
In one preferred method, the step of positioning a syringe includes inserting the syringe into an interior of a pressure containment sleeve.
Preferably, the front face of the syringe is planar with an outlet port housing extending therefrom surrounding the fluid port, and the door includes a planar surface. The step of pivoting a door includes sliding the planar surface of the door relative to the planar, front face of the syringe.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
A. application Ser. No. 08/426,149
Console 12 houses the electrical controls for system 10, together with the motors which drive piston 20 and peristaltic pump 44. On the front surface of console 12, user interface 54 provides control switches 56 and display 58 through which the user may enter control settings and monitor the operational state of system 10.
Remote control 14 is connected to console 12 by cable 60 (although in other embodiments remote control 14 may be connected by a wireless connection such as an RF, infrared optic, or ultrasonic link). Remote control 14 is, in the embodiment shown in
Syringe holder 16 projects from the left hand side of console 12. Syringe holder 16 is preferably a clear material, and includes a half cylindrical back shell 68, a half cylindrical front door 70 (which is shown in open position in FIG. 1), and reservoir holder 72.
Syringe 18 is a transparent or translucent plastic cylinder having its open end 74 connected to console 12. Closed end 76 of syringe 18 contains two ports: upper port 78 and lower port 80.
Plunger 20 is movable within syringe body 18. Plunger 20 is connected to, and driven by a motor located within console 12.
Radiographic contrast material reservoir 22 is connected through one-way check valve 24 to upper port 78. Radiographic contrast material is drawn from reservoir 22 through check valve 24 and upper port 78 into the pumping chamber defined by syringe body 18 and plunger 20. Check valve 24 is preferably a weighted one-way valve which permits air to flow from syringe body 18 back into reservoir 22, but will not permit radiographic contrast material to flow from syringe body 18 to reservoir 22. This permits automatic purging of air from the system, as will be described in more detail later.
Lower port 80 of syringe body 18 is connected to manifold 26. Manifold 26 includes a spring biased spool valve which normally connects transducer/saline port 82 and patient port 84. When radiographic contrast material is to be injected, the pressure of the radiographic material causes the spool valve to change states so that lower port 80 is connected to patient port 84.
High pressure tube 28 is a flexible tube which connects patient port 84 to catheter 30. Three-way stop-cock 34 is located at the distal end of tube 28. Rotatable luer lock connector 86 is connected to stop-cock 34 and mates with luer connector 88 at the proximal end of catheter 30. Stopcock 34 either blocks flow between tube 28 and catheter 30, permits flow, or connects medication port 32 to catheter 30.
In addition to injecting radiographic material into a patient through catheter 30, system 10 also permits other related functions to be performed. A device for delivering the patient medication (not shown in
When catheter 30 is in place in the patient, and an injection of radiographic contrast material is not taking place, pressure transducer 38 monitors the blood pressure through the column of fluid which extends from catheter 30, tube 28, patient port 84, manifold 26, transducer/saline port 82, tubing 90, T-connector 36, and tubing 92. Transducer 38 has an associated stop-cock 40 which allows transducer 38 to be exposed to atmospheric pressure during calibration and also allows for removal/expulsion of trapped air so the dome chamber of transducer 38 can be flushed with saline.
Peristaltic pump 44 supplies saline solution from bag 50 through saline check valve 46, tubing 42, T-connector 36 and tubing 90 to saline port 82. When peristaltic pump 44 is operating to supply saline solution, the saline solution is supplied through manifold 26 to patient port 84 and then through tube 28 to catheter 30.
Peristaltic pump 44 also operates in an opposite direction to draw fluid from catheter 30 and through tube 28, manifold 26, tubing 90, T-connector 36 and tubing 42 to waste check valve 48 and then into waste collection bag 52.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, syringe body 18, manifold 26, tube 28, catheter 30, T-connector 36, tubing 42, check valves 46 and 48, bags 50 and 52, and tubing 90 and 92 are all disposable items. They must be installed in system 10 each time an angiography procedure is to be performed with a new patient. Once system 10 is set up with all the disposable items installed, door 70 is closed, and syringe body 18 filled with contrast material and purged of air, the user (typically a physician) enters into system 10 the safety parameters that will apply to the injection of radiographic contrast material. These safety parameters typically include the maximum amount of radiographic contrast material to be injected during any one injection, the maximum flow rate of the injection, the maximum pressure developed within syringe body 18, and the maximum rise time or acceleration of the injection. To actuate an injection of contrast material, the user operates remote control 14 by squeezing trigger 66. Within the preset safety parameters, system 10 causes the flow rate of the injection to increase as the force or distance of travel of trigger 66 is increased.
Typically, the user will meter the amount and rate of contrast material injected based upon continuous observation of the contrast outflow into the structure being injected using fluoroscopy or other imaging methods. System 10 allows the user to tailor the contrast injections to the needs of the patient, thereby maximizing the quality of the procedure, increasing the safety, and reducing the amount of contrast material required to perform the fluoroscopic examination.
The contrast fill operation illustrated in
During initial set up of system 10, plunger 20 is initially driven to its furthest forward position adjacent closed end 76 of syringe body 18. This will expel to the atmosphere the majority of the air which is located within syringe body 18.
Plunger 20 is then retracted, which creates a vacuum within syringe body 18 which draws contrast material from reservoir 22 through check valve 24 into syringe body 18 through upper port 78.
The Contrast Fill operation typically will result in some air being drawn into or remaining within syringe body 18. It is important, of course, to prevent air from being injected into the patient through catheter 30. That is the purpose of the Air Purge operation shown in FIG. 2B. Also, the location of two ports at different elevations allows for a greater amount of safety in preventing air bubbles in the injection.
During the Air Purge operation, plunger 20 travels forward to expel trapped air within syringe body 18. The air, being lighter than the contrast material, gathers near the top of syringe body 18. As plunger 20 moves forward, the air is expelled from syringe body 18 through upper port 78 and one-way valve 24. In the embodiment illustrated in
Valve 24 can also, in alternative embodiments, can be a, solenoid actuated or motor driven valve operated under control of the electric circuitry within console 12. In either case, valve 24 is capable to withstanding the relatively high pressures to which it will be subjected during the inject operation. Preferably, valve 24 is capable of withstanding static fluid pressures up to about 1200 p.s.i.
Manifold 26 contains a valve which controls the routing of fluid connections between patient port 84 and either syringe bottom port 80 or transducer/saline port 82. In one embodiment of the invention, manifold 26 includes a spool valve which is spring biased so that patient port 84 is normally connected to transducer/saline port 82 (as illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B). When the pressure at syringe bottom port 80 builds with the movement of plunger 20 forward, the bias force against the spool valve is overcome so that syringe bottom port 80 is connected to patient port 84, and transducer/saline port 82 is disconnected the valve within manifold 26 protects pressure transducer 38 from being exposed to the high pressure generated by the patient inject operation.
The spool valve opens automatically during the patient inject operation in response to increase pressure exerted on it from the syringe lower port 80. The spool valve closes and returns to its original position allowing for connection of patient port 84 to transducer 38 when a slight vacuum is applied by retraction of plunger 20 at the end of each Patient Inject operation.
In an alternative embodiment, the valve within manifold 26 is an electromechanical or motor driven valve which is actuated at appropriate times to connect either syringe lower port 80 or transducer/saline port 82 to patient port 84. The actuator mechanism is controlled by console 12. Once again in this alternative embodiment, the valve protects pressure transducer 38 from being exposed to high pressure.
During the Saline Flush operation illustrated in
During the Aspirate Waste operation, patient port 84 is again connected to saline port 82. During this operation, peristaltic pump 44 is operating in the opposite direction from its rotation during the saline flush operation. As a result, patient fluids are aspirated from patient port 84 to saline port 82 and then through tubing 42 and check valve 48 into waste collection bag 52. Peristaltic pump 44 acts as a valve pinching/occluding tubing 42 and preventing back flow to/from saline and waste containers 50 and 52 in conjunction with check valves 46 and 48.
With catheter 30 in place within the patient, it may be desirable to supply patient medication. System 10 allows for that option by providing patient medication port 32. As shown in
Computer 100 controls the motion of plunger 20 through a motor drive circuit which includes motor 104, motor amplifier 106, tachometer 108, potentiometer 110, a rectifier 112, pressure sensing load cell 114, and A/D converter 160.
Motor amplifier 106 provides a drive signal to motor 104 in response to Control Voltage, Fwd/Rev, and/Brake signals from computer 100 and a speed feedback signal from tachometer 108 through rectifier 112. The outputs of tachometer 108 and potentiometer 110 are supplied to computer 100 through A/D converter 116 as Speed Monitor and Position Monitor signals. These allow computer 100 to check motor speed, motor direction, and position (volume is a calculated value).
Pressure sensor 114 senses motor current or plunger force in order to measure the pressure being applied to the radiographic contrast material within syringe body 18. This Pressure Monitor Signal is supplied through A/D converter 116 and interface 102 to computer 100.
Peristaltic pump 44 is driven under the control of computer 100 through pump motor 120, motor driver 122 and optical encoder 124. Computer 100 provides Saline (Forward) and Waste (Reverse) drive signals to motor driver 122 to operate pump motor 120 in a forward direction for saline flush and a reverse direction for waste aspiration. Optical encoder 124 provides the Speed Direction Monitor signal to interface 102 which indicates both the speed and the direction of rotation of pump motor 120.
Computer 100 monitors temperature of the contrast material based upon a Temp Monitor signal from temperature sensor 140. Temperature sensor 140 is preferably positioned near syringe body 18. If the temperature being sensed by temperature sensor 140 is too high, computer 100 will disable operation motor 104 to discontinue patient injection. If the temperature is too low, computer 100 provides a/Temp Enable drive signal to heater drive 150, which energizes heater 152. In one preferred embodiment, heater 152 is a resistive film heater which is positioned within syringe holder 116 adjacent to syringe body 18.
Computer 100 also receives feedback signals from contrast bottle sensor 160, forward limit sensor 162, reverse limit sensor 164, syringe missing sensor 166, chamber open sensor 168, no contrast bubble detector 170, and air in line bubble detector 172.
Contrast bottle sensor 160 is a miniature switch located within reservoir holder 72. The state of the Contrast Bottle Present signal from sensor 160 indicates whether a reservoir 22 is in position within holder 72. If reservoir 22 is not present, computer 100 will disable the fill operation.
Forward limit and reverse limit sensors 162 sense the end limit positions of plunger 20. When plunger 20 reaches its forward limit position, no further forward movement of plunger 20 is permitted. Similarly, when reverse limit sensor 164 indicates that plunger 20 has reached its reverse limit position, no further reverse movements are permitted.
Syringe missing sensor 166 is a miniature switch or infrared emitter/detector which indicates when syringe body 18 is not in position within syringe holder 16. If syringe body 18 is not in position, all movement functions are disabled except that plunger 20 can move to its reverse limit position (i.e., return to zero).
Chamber open sensor 168 is a miniature switch or infrared emitter/detector which senses when door 70 of syringe holder 16 is open. When the signal from sensor 168 indicates-that door 70 is open, all movement functions are disabled. Only when door 70 is closed and locked may any movement be allowed. When door 70 is indicated as closed and sensor 166 indicates the syringe body 18 is in position, other normal functions of the system 10 can proceed.
Bubble detector 170 is positioned between reservoir 22 and top port 78, and is preferably an infrared emitter/detector which senses air bubbles. If an air bubble is sensed in the flow path between reservoir 22 and top port 78 during a fill operation, the fill operation is disabled until a new reservoir is connected.
Bubble detector 172 is positioned to sense air bubbles in high pressure line 28. It is preferably an infrared emitter/detector type of bubble detector. Any air bubble which is sensed in high pressure line 28 results in the disabling of all fluid push out functions, whether the fluid is saline solution from peristaltic pump 44 or contrast material from syringe body 18.
The control system of
Blood flow to the heart occurs predominantly in diastole (when the heart is between contractions). Continuous injection of contrast material results in spillage of the contrast material into the aorta during systole (during contraction). By injecting primarily during diastole, contrast dosage can be reduced without impairing the completeness of the contrast injection into the coronary artery.
In a preferred embodiment, the injection of radiographic contrast material is synchronized to the coronary artery blood flow. The time periods of systole and diastole are determined using an electrocardiographic (ECG) electrical signal, arterial blood pressure waveform analysis, or other timing based on the heart rate. By controlling speed of motor 104, speed and therefore movement of plunger 20, the injection of contrast material is interrupted during the period of systole, which reduces or stops contrast injection during this time. In combination with remote control 14, the operator can vary the rate of contrast injection into the coronary artery while computer 100 automatically pulses the contrast injection to the cardiac cycle.
The inertial forces of the moving contrast material and expansion of the containers and tubing holding the contrast material and transmitting it to the patient can cause a phase lag between movement of plunger 20 within syringe body 18 and movement of contrast material out of catheter 30 into the patient. To adjust to the phase lag between the plunger 20 movement and contrast expulsion into the patient, a variable time offset can be entered through control panel 54 such that the timing of the cardiac cycle can be offset by a selected time. Since the magnitude of the phase lag may be dependent on the frequency of the heart rate, an algorithm within computer 100 continuously and automatically adjusts the magnitude of the time offset, based on the instantaneous heart rate during the injection of contrast material.
Set Up/Fill/End switch 200 is a momentary, push button switch. When it is first activated, the user will be notified to place syringe 18 in syringe holder 16. When syringe 18 has been placed in syringe holder 16 (which is indicated to computer 100 by sensor 166), the user will be instructed to close and lock the chamber (i.e., to close door 70). Plunger 20 is moved to its full forward position expelling all air within the syringe. Display 58 then indicates to the operator that contrast reservoir 22 should be connected. Once contrast reservoir 22 has been put in place, the operator is requested to depress OK switch 218, at which time plunger 20 will retract at a set rate (preferably corresponding to a flow rate of 10 ml per second) to the maximum syringe volume. If the real speed (as indicated by feedback to computer 100 from A/D converter 116) is greater than the set speed, system 10 will stop.
Once plunger 20 is at its rearward most position, motor 104 is actuated to move plunger 20 forward to purge all air bubbles. Pressure sensor 114 provides an indication of when one-way valve 24 is closed and pressure is beginning to build up within syringe body 18. Once the purge is completed, the total volume injected and the number of injections counter is reset.
The actuation of switch 200 also allows for full retraction and disengagement of plunger 20 from syringe body 18.
Purge switch 202 is a protected momentary push button switch. When activated, Purge switch 202 causes plunger 20 to move forward to expel air through top port 78. The forward movement of plunger 20 is limited and stopped when a predetermined pressure within syringe 18 is reached. This is sensed by pressure sensor 114. The purge operation which is initiated by Purge switch 202 will expel air within syringe 20. The user may also use Purge switch 202 to purge fluid through patient port 84 by depressing and holding Purge switch 202 continuously on.
Aspirate switch 204 is a momentary push button switch which causes computer 100 to activate pump motor 120 of peristaltic pump 44. Pump motor 120 is operated to aspirate catheter 30 at a set speed, with the aspirated fluid being collected in waste bag 52. All other motion functions are disengaged during aspiration. If the real speed of motor 120 is greater than a set speed, computer 100 will stop motor 120.
Saline switch 206 is an alternate action switch Pump motor 120 is activated in response to Saline switch 206 being pushed on, and saline solution from bag 50 is introduced into manifold 26 and catheter 30 at a set speed. If Saline switch 206 is not pushed a second time to stop the flow of saline solution within 10 seconds, computer 100 automatically stops pump motor 120. If a time-out is reached, Saline switch 206 must be reset to its original state prior to initiating any further actions.
Enable OK switch 208 is a momentary push button switch. After the system has detected a disabling function at the end of an injection other than a limit, Enable OK switch 208 must be activated prior to activating OK switch 218 and initiating any further function.
Injection Volume Limit keys 210 a and 210 b are pushed to either increase or decrease the maximum injection volume that the system will inject during any one injection. Key 210 a causes an increase in the maximum volume value, and key 210 b causes a decrease. Once the maximum injection volume limit has been set, if the measured volume reaches the set value, computer 100 will stop motor 104 and will not restart until OK switch 213 has been depressed. If a large injection (i.e., greater than 10 ml) has been selected, OK switch 218 and Large Injection OK switch 220 must both be reset prior to initiating the large injection.
Injection Flow Rate Limit keys 212 a and 212 b allow the physician to select the maximum flow rate that the system can reach during any one injection. If the measured rate (which is determined by the feedback signals from tachometer 108 and potentiometer 11) reaches the set value, computer 100 will control motor 104 to limit the flow rate to the set value.
Injection Pressure Limit keys 214 a and 214 b allow the physician to select the maximum pressure that the system can reach during any one injection. If the measured pressure, as determined by pressure sensor 114, reaches the set value, computer 100 will control motor 104 to limit the pressure to the injection pressure limit. The injection rate will also be limited as a result.
Rise Time keys 216 a and 216 b allow the physician to select the rise time that the system will allow while changing flow rate during any one injection. Computer 100 controls motor 104 to limit the rise time to the set value.
In alternative embodiments, keys 210 a-210 b, 212 a-212 b, 214 a-214 b, and 216 a-216 b can be replaced by other devices for selecting numerical values. These include selector dials, numerical keypads, and touch screens.
OK switch 218 is a momentary push button switch which resets functions and hardware sensors. In response to OK switch 218 being activated, computer 100 controls display 58 to ask the operator to acknowledge that the correct function has been selected. Activation of OK switch 218 causes the status to be set to Ready.
Injection Range switch 220 is a toggle switch. Depending on whether switch 220 is in the "small" or "large" position, it selects either a high or a low injection volume range for the next injection.
Large Injection OK switch 222 is a momentary push button switch. When the large injection range has been selected by injection range switch 220, the Large Injection OK button 222 must be activated to enable OK switch 218. OK switch 218 must be activated prior to each injection. On large volume injections, the user is required to verify the volume selected by activating first Large Injection OK switch 222 and then OK switch 218.
Stop switch 224 is a momentary push button switch. When stop switch 224 is pushed, it disables all functions. Display 58 remains active.
Display panel 58 includes Set-Up display 250, Status display 252, Alerts display 254, Limits display 256, total number of injections display 260, total volume injection display 262, flow rate display 264, injection volume display 266, injection volume limit display 268, injection rate limit display 270, pressure limit display 272, rise time minimum display 274, large injection display 276, and real time clock display 278.
Set-Up display 250 contains a series of messages which are displayed as the operator goes through the set up procedure. The display of messages in set up display 250 are initiated by the actuation of set up switch 200 as described previously.
Status display 252 provides a flashing indication of one of several different operating conditions. In the embodiment shown in
Alerts display 254 and Limits display 256 notify the operator of conditions in which system 10 has encountered a critical control parameter and will disable operation, or has reached an upper or lower limit and will continue to function in a limited fashion, or has reached an upper or lower limit and will continue to operate.
Total number of injections display 260 displays the total number of injections (cumulative) given for the current patient case. The cumulative total volume injected during the current patient case is displayed by total volume display 262.
Displays 264 and 266 provide information on the current or last injection. Display 264 shows digital value of the real time flow rate to the patient during injection. Once the injection is completed, the value displayed on display 264 represents the peak flow rate reached during that injection. Display 266 shows the digital value of the volume injected during the most recent injection.
Display 268 displays the digital value of the maximum injection volume selected by operation of switches 210 a and 210 b. Similarly, display 270 shows the digital value of the maximum flow rate that the system will allow, as selected by switches 212 a and 212 b.
Display 272 shows the digital value of the maximum pressure that the system will allow to be developed in syringe 18. The pressure limit is selected by switches 214 a and 214 b.
Display 274 displays the minimum rise time that the system will allow while changing flow rate. The minimum rise time is selected through switches 216 a and 216 b.
Large injection display 276 provides a clear indication when the large injection scale has been selected by the operator.
Real-time clock display 278 shows the current time in hours, minutes, and seconds.
Reset switch 62 is a momentary push button switch whose function is identical to that of OK switch 218. Alternatively, Reset switch 62 may also be labeled "OK".
Saline switch 64 on remote control 14 is an alternate action push button switch which is pushed to turn on and pushed again to turn off. The function of Saline switch 62 is the same as that of Saline switch 206 on front panel 54.
As illustrated in another embodiment of the present invention, an alternative remote control 14′ in the form of a foot pedal is used instead of the hand held remote control 14 illustrated in FIG. 1 and in
Manifold 26 contains spring loaded spool valve 360, which includes spool body 362, shaft 364, O-rings 366, 368 and 370, bias spring 372, and retainer 374. As shown in
During the Air Purge operation, spool valve 360 is in the same position as in FIG. 7A. Diagonal passage 376 connects transducer saline port 82 with patient port 84. As a result, pressure monitoring by pressure transducer 38 can be performed during the Air Purge (as well as the Contrast Fill) operation.
In the state which is illustrated in
By virtue of the operation of spool valve 360, the high pressure generated by movement of plunger 20 and syringe body 18 is directly connected to patient port 84, while saline port 82 and pressure transducer 38 are protected from the high pressure. The pressure to actuate may be variable and determined after manufacture by increasing or decreasing the syringe preload.
Syringe body 400 has a cylindrical side wall 410, frustoconical end wall 412, and tubular end port 414. Adapter insert 402, which is shown in more detail in
Adapter insert 402 has a frustoconical flange 430 and a generally cylindrical shaft 432. Flange 430 mates against the inner surface of end wall 412 of syringe body 400. Shaft 432 extends through tube 414 and through T-connector 404, so that end surface 434 of shaft 432 is generally located at the distal end of T-connector 404. Upper port groove 436 extends along the upper surface of shaft 432 and the inclined upper surface of flange 430. Upper port groove 436 stops just short of end 434.
Lower port groove 438 extends the entire length of shaft 432, along its lower surface, and then extends downward on the inclined lower surface flange 430.
When adapter insert 402 is positioned within syringe body 400 as shown in
Lower port groove 438 extends from the distal end of T-connector 404 to the lowermost position in the interior of syringe body 400.
The embodiment of the present invention shown in
In conclusion, the angiographic injector system of the present invention provides interactive control of the delivery of radiographic contrast material to a catheter through a user-actuated proportional control. This allows the user to adjust the flow rate of contrast material interactively as needed and as the patient's condition changes.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, syringe holder 16 may take other forms, such as an end loaded cylinder. Similarly, manifold 26 can take other configurations and can incorporate, for example, a part of ports 78 and 80.
B. Detailed Description of the Present Invention
Syringe body 502 defines a pumping chamber 510 in an interior thereof A wiper or plunger 512 is located in the pumping chamber 510 and is constructed and arranged for reciprocal motion between a position adjacent to first end 504 and second end 506. That is, when syringe 500 is mounted in a system analogous to the angiographic system described herein above, an actuator from the system energizes the plunger and causes it to move between the second end 506 and the first end 504. The plunger 512 is supported by a plunger support member 617. Member 617 preferably comprises a rigid, hard material, for example, an ABS plastic, to interface between an actuator and the plunger 512. Member 617 attaches to plunger 512 by, preferably, a snap fit.
Syringe 500 includes an end wall 514 located at the first end 504 of the syringe body 502. End wall 514 is located generally normal to the central, longitudinal axis 508 of syringe 500. The end wall 514 includes a flat face 516. The flat face 516 is particularly adapted for mating engagement with a syringe holder, to be described further below, in an angiographic system as described above. Flat face 516 is advantageous in the preferred arrangement. In the angiographic system as described herein, significant thrust loads must be borne in order to suitably inject the contrast material into the cardiovascular system of the patient. Flat face 516 allows the thrust load from the injections to be distributed in a manageable fashion. An angled face, in contrast, would create a wedge action, which would unnecessarily stress the syringe and create an unnecessary side load in the syringe holder. The inventors have recognized that a spherical or cone face would require a large door in the syringe holder to support the thrust and would also require some elaborate mechanism to properly position the door against the syringe. Flat face 516 on syringe 500, however, allows the thrust load to be managed by a thin flat door, to be described in more detail below, and is able to bear the thrust load from the angiographic injections.
Syringe 500 defines at least one port for providing fluid flow communication with pumping chamber 510. In the particular embodiment illustrated, syringe 500 includes two ports providing fluid flow communication with the pumping chamber 510. Specifically, an inlet port 518,
In preferred embodiments, the syringe 500 is mounted in an angiographic system such that the syringe 500 angles somewhat from the horizontal. By angling the syringe 500 from the horizontal, air is allowed to gather around the inlet port 518 in order to be expelled through the inlet port 518 during an air purge operation. Angles within the range of about 5-30�, and preferably about 10-15� from the horizontal are preferable.
Inlet housing 520 houses a valve assembly analogous to check valve 24, described and illustrated above. Check valve 24 is competent to fluid, and incompetent to air. That is, check valve 24 permits air to be expelled or purged from the syringe 500, but does not allow fluid to flow out of the pumping chamber 510 and back into the bottle 602 of contrast fluid when pressure movement is applied on the syringe side of the check valve 24.
Syringe 500 also includes an outlet port 524,
When syringe 500 is oriented in the preferred angiographic system of the present invention, the outlet port 524 is located adjacent to the bottom portion 523 of syringe 500.
The syringe end wall 514 includes an interior portion 528,
Ribs 532 each have end portions 534 terminating in a plane transverse to longitudinal axis 508 of syringe body 502. The end portions 534 define the flat face 516.
The interior portion 528 defines a cone-shaped surface 536, FIG. 17. This cone-shaped surface 536 is illustrated in
Preferred dimensions for syringe 500 are described herein below. Syringe body 502 has a diameter of about 1.3 inches. The length of syringe body 502 between first end 504 and second end 506 is about 6-7 inches. The inside of syringe body 502 is tapered so that second end 506 has an inside diameter greater than the inside diameter of interior portion 528 of the end wall 514. This taper is about 0.1� from horizontal for the majority of its length. The angle of tapering increases to about 1� at a point about 1 inch from the second end 506 of syringe 500. The interior portion 528 defining the cone-shaped surface 536 slopes at an angle of about 27� from vertical, and the vertex of the cone is rounded at a radius of about 0.25 inches. Each of ribs 532 is about 0.1 inches thick. The ribs 532 are spaced about 0.12 inches apart. The outlet port housing 526 has an outer diameter of about 0.3 inches, and an inner diameter of about 0.2 inches. The longitudinal axis of the outlet port housing 526 is parallel to and about 0.5 inches lower than the central longitudinal axis 508 of syringe body 502. The outlet port housing 526 is arranged relative to the syringe body 502, such that the outer diameter of the outlet port housing 526 intersects at a tangent point of the diameter of syringe body 502. The inlet port housing 520 has an outer diameter of about 0.4 inches and an inside diameter of about 0.2 inches. The longitudinal axis of the inlet port housing 520 is tilted about 10� from vertical toward the end wall 514. The inlet port 518 has a diameter of about 0.1 inches. The inlet port housing 520 is about 0.5 inches long measured from where the inlet housing 520 meets the syringe body 502 in the top portion 522 of the syringe 500.
In reference now to
In general, the syringe holder arrangement 540 includes a mounting chamber body 542; a door member 544; a rear plate 546; and a pressure containment sleeve 548. Preferred assemblies further include a bottle holder assembly 550; an air column detector 552; and a manifold holder 554.
Mounting chamber body 542 is for holding the syringe in place during an angiographic operation. The mounting chamber body 542 is constructed and arranged to be durable enough to sustain large pressure loads from the fluid push through syringe 500. Mounting chamber body 542 has an arcuate configuration for receipt of sleeve 548. It includes a loading end 556 for receipt of syringe 500, and an actuating end 558 for receiving the actuator to reciprocate the syringe plunger 512 between its respective proximal and distal positions within syringe 500. The loading end 556 also corresponds to the front of the mounting chamber body 542, and the actuating end 558 corresponds to the back or rear of the mounting chamber body 542.
Preferably, the mounting chamber body 542 comprises a series of layers in order to provide a convenient and preferred structure for holding syringe 500. In particular, the outermost layer is an electroilluminescent layer. The electroilluminescent layer permits illumination of the mounting chamber body 542 and the associated tubing.
That is, the electroluminescent layer illuminates the fluid pathway of the contrast material as it is being conveyed from the syringe 500 to downstream components and ultimately into the patient's cardiovascular system.
Adjacent to the electroilluminescent layer is a membrane heating element. This layer maintains heat of the contrast fluid in order to sustain a desired viscosity in the contrast fluid for conveying into the patient's cardiovascular system.
The next layer of the mounting chamber body 542 and adjacent to the membrane heating element layer is a layer of foam. The foam layer keeps contact resistance with the syringe 500 high and thermal resistance low. It functions to take up tolerances and helps to snugly hold the syringe 500 in place in the syringe holder arrangement 540.
The last layer of the mounting chamber body 542 is an aluminum extrusion. It provides for a rigid shape and for convenient manufacturing. A layer of adhesive attaches the foam layer to the aluminum extrusion.
As illustrated in
Still referring to
In the particular embodiment illustrated, the door member 544 is pivotable relative to the mounting chamber body 542. This allows for quick and convenient loading and unloading of syringe 500 into the holding arrangement 540. When the door 544 is in its closed position,
In reference again to FIG. 18 and
In reference again to
Still referring to
In accordance with the invention, a door open sensor is provided. The door open sensor tells the user or operator if the door member 544 is in an open position. That is, it functions as a safety feature such that the angiographic system 10 will not be operated if door member 544 is not in a securely closed position. In the particular embodiment illustrated, the door open sensor includes a magnet 567 in the door member 544, and a Hall effect sensor in the mounting chamber body 542. When door member 544 is pivoted to its closed position,
Still referring to
In the particular embodiment illustrated, sleeve 548 is constructed and arranged to fit, or slide in the mounting chamber body 542. In the preferred embodiment, sleeve 548 is cylindrical, or tubular in shape with first and second open ends 568, 569 (FIG. 20). Sleeve 548 is preferably constructed from a strong, durable, basically transparent material in order to sustain large pressure loads and allow for visibility of the syringe therethrough. One preferred material includes polycarbonate.
In reference to
Referring again to
Sleeve 548 defines an open groove, or channel 570 extending from the first end 568. Channel 570 accommodates a sensor 571. Sensor 571 is oriented relative to the valve assembly in the inlet housing 520 in order to detect the state of the check valve. That is, sensor 571 detects whether the ball in the check valve is seated in its lowermost position or whether it has been moved out of its lowermost position. In the particular arrangement illustrated, the sensor 571 is an emitter/detector interruptable infrared photodetector device. When the ball interrupts the infrared beam, a signal is sent indicating that the ball is seated in its lowermost position or seat. When the ball is moved out of its lowermost position or seat, the infrared beam is not interrupted, and a signal is generated which indicates that the ball is out of its lower seat.
A connector 690 and wire 692 energize the sensor 571. That is, connector 690 connects the electrical components and wires within groove 691 to the sensor 571.
As can be seen in
In the preferred embodiment, the sleeve 548 is conveniently removable from the mounting chamber body 542. In this manner, it may be cleaned and disinfected separate from the chamber body 542. In the particular embodiment illustrated in
Again, in reference to
In the particular embodiment illustrated, rear plate 546 has a rectangular configuration. Preferably, it is an aluminum fabricated plate, with a thickness of about 0.6 inches.
In reference now to
In reference now to
In the illustrated embodiment, bottle holder assembly 550 is secured to mounting chamber body 542. Bottle holder assembly 550 includes a column 578 and a neck portion 580.
Neck portion 580 is pivotable with respect to mounting chamber body 542 in the direction of arrow 581. The pivotable nature of neck portion 580 aids the ease of connecting the tubing from the bottle 602 of contrast media to the inlet housing 520 of the syringe 500.
Neck 580 includes universal detail 584 within grooves 586. Universal detail 584 is preferably a spring loaded configured member which allows bottle holder 550 to accommodate and hold bottles of various sizes.
In accordance with the invention, an indicator arrangement is provided to provide information whether a bottle is in the bottle holder assembly 550. In the preferred embodiment, a switch is provided in the universal detail 584. When a bottle 602 of contrast is within the neck 580, the bottle 602 presses against the spring in the universal detail 584, which actuates the switch. When the switch is actuated, it provides a visual signal to the system operator that a bottle is in fact in the bottle holder assembly 550. If the switch is not actuated, a signal is provided to the user that there is no bottle in the holder assembly 550. One suitable switch is a microswitch MMGGDILOO, available from C&K.
In accordance with the invention, a sensor is provided to indicate if the fluid level in the bottle 602 of contrast is either below a certain level or empty. Preferably, the sensor includes a sensor provided within groove 586 in neck 580. The sensor detects when the fluid level in the bottle 602 has dropped below the level of the sensor in the neck 580. Preferably, the sensor is a reflective, infrared device. One type of sensor useable is infrared sensor H0A1405-2, available from Microswitch (a division of Honeywell).
In reference again to
Air column detector 552 defines a groove 590,
In reference now to
Again in reference to
Manifold holder 554 is configured and shaped to permit the manifold to snap in only one orientation. In this way, it can be assured that the manifold is always oriented in the same position relative to the manifold holder 554. Because of this, a sensor 599 can detect the position of the valve within the manifold. The sensor 599 is positioned in an integral part with the manifold 554. Sensor 599 preferably is an inductive type device. One type of sensor useable in the embodiment shown is an inductive sensor (part number IFRM 12P1701/L) available from Baumer. Attention is again directed to FIG. 20. In
In accordance with the invention, a method for mounting or loading a syringe is provided. The method includes a step of positioning a syringe through a front aperture in a syringe holder arrangement. This includes sliding a syringe, such as syringe 500 in through the front end of a syringe holder arrangement 540. Using the components illustrated in the drawings, the syringe 500 is oriented to line up with the open end of the first end of the sleeve 548. That is, the second end 506 of the syringe 500 is aligned with the front of the sleeve 548, and the inlet port housing 570 is aligned with the slot 570. The rear, or second end 506, of syringe 500 (that is, the plunger receiving end) is first slid through the open end defined by the first end 568 of the sleeve 548. This is followed by the fluid-dispersement end of the sleeve, i.e., the first end 504 defining the flat face 516. The syringe 500 is slid into the interior of the sleeve 548.
Next, the door is closed. This blocks further access to the interior of the sleeve 548. This also provides for a stop surface, engagement surface, or abutting surface for the syringe 500 in order to absorb and sustain pressure load through the syringe 500. Specifically, the door member 564 is pivoted from one of its open positions,
To unload the syringe 500 from the syringe holder arrangement 540, the above process is basically done in reverse. The door member 544 is pivoted from its closed position,
In accordance with the invention, the angiographic system described herein is constructed and arranged to ensure that syringe 500 is not re-used. That is, the angiographic system of the present invention includes features to ensure that the syringe 500 is disposed of after use with one patient and not accidentally re-used on a new, different patient. As embodied herein, the syringe 500 includes structure on its plunger support member 617 to ensure single use. As illustrated in
After a period of use, it may be desirable to remove the pressure containment sleeve 548 for cleaning. To do this, the locking assembly 574 in the rear plate 546 is shifted to disengage and release the locking pin 572. While the locking pin 572 is disengaged from the locking assembly 574, the sleeve 548 may be grasped at a first end 568 and slid out from its snug engagement with the mounting chamber body 542. At this point, the sleeve 548 may be cleaned.
To reinsert the sleeve 548, the sleeve 548 is slid back into secure, snug engagement with the mounting chamber 542. The locking assembly 574 is shifted to permit locking engagement with the locking pin 572
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|U.S. Classification
|604/131, 604/232
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 23, 2008
Owner name: INVASATEC, INC., MINNESOTA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:DUCHON, DOUG;PAULSON, THOMAS;COPA, VINCE;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:020845/0117;SIGNING DATES FROM 19980405 TO 19980406
|Apr 25, 2008
Owner name: ACIST MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC., MINNESOTA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:INVASATEC, INC.;REEL/FRAME:020859/0003
Effective date: 19990420
|Mar 20, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 14, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 28, 2017
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 16, 2017
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED FOR FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEES (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: EXP.)
|Nov 7, 2017
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20170920


text:
Over the past week or so I was encountering problems regarding my ZA Free Firewall. The problems consisted of the logs sometimes refusing to clear. Although I have yet to find a permanent solution to this that's not why I'm making this thread.
In the past & recently too I've gotten dozens of blocked attempts involving a particular port & IP shown here: http://fwalerts.zonealarm.com/fwanal...3&tab=overview
Now based off my research I've found out that a denial of service tool called "trinoo" exploits port 27655. A more detailed description of this that I still cannot fully understand is here: http://www.cert.org/incident_notes/IN-99-07.html
With all that in mind is why I've always kept my ZA settings maxed out. True this could be the cause of my logs not clearing although my security is more important then the logs being stubborn. I am starting to wonder about some questions though.
1: What is an internal IP?
2: How can it be infected? I've run scans with MSE, Microsoft Safety Scanner, Malwarebytes & even the offline Windows Defender scan run via a bootable flashdrive. All of which always claim I'm clean. Even the GRC Shields Up test says that all my ports are secure. However, if that test is based off my router & not firewall, then why is my firewall logging the dangerous blocked event?