text:
Do Treatments for Smoking Cessation Affect Alcohol Drinking? Study 2: Do Varenicline (Chantix) and Bupropion (Zyban) Change Alcohol Drinking?
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00580645
Recruitment Status : Active, not recruiting
First Posted : December 27, 2007
Last Update Posted : November 8, 2017
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- Results Submitted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of smoking cessation medications on alcohol drinking.
Following 7 days of medication pre-treatment to achieve steady state levels, participants complete a laboratory session assessing alcohol self-administration behavior and a cue reactivity session assessing their reactivity to alcohol-related cues. Subjects are maintained on study medication for 4 weeks after the laboratory session.
The study is subdivided into three studies based on subject population.
Study 1A enrolls heavy drinking smokers (tested under nicotine deprivation). Study 1B enrolls heavy drinking smokers (not tested under nicotine deprivation), non-daily smokers, and nonsmokers. Study 1C enrolls smokers (not tested under nicotine deprivation) and nonsmokers who meet criteria for alcohol use disorders.
In Study 1A, volunteers are administered either varenicline (Chantix), bupropion (Zyban), or placebo. In Studies 1B and 1C, volunteers are administered either varenicline (Chantix) or placebo.
|Condition or disease
|Alcohol Drinking
|Drug: varenicline Drug: bupropion Drug: placebo
|Phase 2
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Estimated Enrollment :
|308 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Factorial Assignment
|Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Do Treatments for Smoking Cessation Affect Alcohol Drinking? Study 2: Do Varenicline (Chantix) and Bupropion (Zyban) Change Alcohol Drinking?
|Study Start Date :
|April 2007
|Estimated Primary Completion Date :
|December 2017
|Estimated Study Completion Date :
|December 2017
Experimental: varenicline
Studies 1A and 1B: varenicline 2mg/day
Study 1C: varenicline 1mg/day or 2mg/day
Drug: varenicline
Studies 1A and 1B: 2mg/day, with 1-week lead-in medication period The starting dose is 0.5 mg/day for days 1-2, followed by 0.5mg twice daily for days 3-5 and then 1mg twice daily for days 4-7. 1mg administered twice daily during laboratory session (day 8) and for 4 weeks after laboratory session.
Study 1C: 2mg/day (see above) or 1mg/day with 1-week medication lead-in period. The starting dose is 0.5 mg/day for days 1-5, followed by 0.5mg twice daily for days 6-7. 0.5mg twice daily administered during laboratory session (day 8) and for 4 weeks after laboratory session.
Other Name: Chantix
Experimental: Bupropion
Study 1A only: Bupropion 300mg/day
Drug: bupropion
Study 1A only: 300mg/day, with 1-week lead-in medication period The starting dose is 150mg/day for days 1-3, 300mg/day for days 4-7. 300mg administered during laboratory session (day 8) and for 4 weeks after laboratory session.
Other Name: Zyban
Placebo Comparator: Placebo
Placebo Controlled
Drug: placebo
- number of drinks consumed [ Time Frame: throughout the laboratory session ]
- tobacco and alcohol craving [ Time Frame: during laboratory session ]
- tobacco and alcohol craving [ Time Frame: during the cue reactivity session ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|21 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- 21 years old or older
- Able to read and write in English
- Smokers, non-daily smokers, and non-smokers
- Heavy Drinkers and/or meet criteria for alcohol use disorders
Exclusion Criteria:
- Any significant current medical or psychiatric conditions that would contraindicate the consumption of alcohol
- Significant hepatocellular injury
- Positive test result at intake appointments on urine drug screens conducted for opiates, cocaine, or benzodiazepines
- Women who are pregnant or nursing
- Suicidal, homicidal, or evidence of severe mental illness
- Prescription of any psychotropic drug in the 30 days prior to study enrollment
- Blood donation within the past 8 weeks
- Individuals who are seeking treatment for drinking or smoking or who have attempted to quit drinking or smoking within the past 3 months
- Specific exclusions for administration of bupropion not specified above including: having taken monoamine inhibitors in the past six weeks; history of anorexia or bulimia; previous hypersensitivity to bupropion; history of alcohol or drug dependence in the past year; history of seizure disorder of any etiology
- Known allergy to varenicline or taking H2blockers
- Participation within the past 8 weeks in other studies that involve additive blood sampling and/or interventional measures that would be considered excessive in combination with the current study
- Subjects likely to exhibit clinically significant alcohol withdrawal during the study
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00580645
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00580645
|United States, Connecticut
|Yale Center for Clinical Investigation and Yale Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory
|New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06519
|Principal Investigator:
|Sherry A McKee, PhD
|Yale University
|Responsible Party:
|Sherry McKee, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Yale University
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00580645 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
R01AA015596-01 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
|First Posted:
|December 27, 2007 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|November 8, 2017
|Last Verified:
|November 2017
Keywords provided by Sherry McKee, Yale University:
smoking cessation
smoking cessation medications
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Alcohol Drinking
Drinking Behavior
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
Anti-Infective Agents
Central Nervous System Depressants
Physiological Effects of Drugs
Nicotinic Agonists
Cholinergic Agonists
Cholinergic Agents
Neurotransmitter Agents
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
Antidepressive Agents
Psychotropic Drugs
Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors
Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors
Membrane Transport Modulators
Dopamine Agents
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors


text: I'm looking for a horror movie to watch tonight. I like: The Descent 28 Days Later Cube Night of the Living Dead Friday the 13th Part II I don't want to watch a teen slasher film nothing would subtitles (nothing against foreign films, I just need to be able to work on homework at the same time) and preferably something within the last 20 years. Shoot.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Believe in Tomorrow recently accepted donations from the Womens' Council of Realtors. The local chapter presented Believe in Tomorrow with sand buckets filled with summertime trinkets and beach toys to be given to the children and family members who stay at the "beach house" on 66th Street as well as their new unit on 28th Street that will be opening soon. Above, Terri Bradford, chair of the WCR Community Committee and a Hileman agent, is pictured with the Believe in Tomorrow Director Wayne Littleton.
Submitted Photos


text:
Well, i'll be in college this year and just wonder: what are the requirements for a programmer to work for a software or game company? People said you should know everything (networking, SQL database, graphic, ...) are these true?
Well, i'll be in college this year and just wonder: what are the requirements for a programmer to work for a software or game company? People said you should know everything (networking, SQL database, graphic, ...) are these true?
Hello, testing testing. Everthing is running perfectly...for now
100lb>Body weight>400lb
Beyond that, it's all semantics.
If anybody has a body weight less than 100 lb and greater than 400 lb, I'd be very impressed.
Check a website like monster.com. They'll have listings for entry level programming jobs.
For the lowest of low level, sometimes just a little programming experience is all you need. You'll get hired, they'll teach you what you need to know, and then you'll probably sit on a maintenance team with about 5 people that know better than you. From there, you pretty much look on and learn while you get paid.
For the most part, programming jobs can range anywhere between really calm and relaxing to moderately calm and relaxing. There are some jobs where they have big deadlines and are swamped with work. But in the places I've worked, I've found it's usually the operations side that stays overtime while the programmers cut out no later than 5:01 PM.
Sent from my iPad®
Do i have to pay on monster.com ?
Hello, testing testing. Everthing is running perfectly...for now
Well so far on Monster it seems most have abandoned C++ in favor of VB, C#, or Java and all it's associated acronyms.
Very depressing.
My favorite is when they say 5 to 10 years of experience developing in .NET when .NET hasn't been around that long....thank goodness.
Last edited by VirtualAce; 05-11-2006 at 12:36 PM.
Being a 403 lb programmer, i take offense to your criteria cheez, I'm suing you for descrimination
Live in India.
I'm not immature, I'm refined in the opposite direction.
Live in India.
Actually there are a ton of jobs here in the U.S. However, only 372 out of 1000 on Monster were for C++, C, and/or MFC. Most were for VB with second being Java. Some of the requirements were ludicrous to say the least and if a person knew all of that, they could never pay them enough. You can't know and understand every technology and be an expert in every area so I think they are just trying to cover their bases.
As far as game programming over on www.gamasutra.com and www.gamedev.net most were in the United States and most, if not all, of the postings were at least attainable by most of us here who frequent the game programming forum.
They don't want linked list samples, DirectX wrappers, etc, etc. They are looking for hand-crafted engines that do more than just provide a front-end to DirectX/OpenGL. Personally I think a good front end is hard to develop in and of itself, but I do understand this does not really show what you can do. They are looking for rendering techniques like Perspective's implementation of Rottgers, your tank game complete with physics and the like, the UberTube samples that have been posted here, etc, etc. They want concrete examples that you understand the mechanics of game programming.
This is why we should all join forces (muahahahahaha) on the game programming board and create something together. We have enough talent to do so and with shaders and the like, we could produce something up to par with current production standards. It's not impossible. Most modern games are using shaders for lighting effects that are readily available in just about every ShaderX(#) book, Game Programming Gems and/or Graphics Gems books. Personally to me it is beginning to look like overkill on the shaders and most of them just simply annoy me so I turn them off.
Last edited by VirtualAce; 05-11-2006 at 01:22 PM.
Fatty.Originally Posted by Perspective
^^ haha ^^
Also this is somewhat related:
a few people on another board i go to are saying that computer science majors will be oversaturated or are already
is this true
This is a common misconception that makes me happy to be a com sci major. There was a US study done recently that shows the enrollment in com sci is down and the number of jobs is increasing. There will be a shortage of qualified programmers in the next 5 to 10 years.... and I'm gonna benifitOriginally Posted by SniperSAS
After graduating this year I received 2 job offers without even applying, I turned them both down for grad school.
and if your worried about "all the jobs being outsourced".. don't be. A recent interview with an IBM exec claims for every outsourced job there are 7 new jobs available. I dont know if i buy that exact stat but I believe there are many jobs for those who are qualified.
Most important thing is to get experience under your belt. If you can't land a job, don't putz around: spend your free time learning, tinkering, and creating. Learn html or heck, learn php and make a website showing off your projects. If you can show that you are a competent programmer, you will get hired eventually.


text:
By Chadd Cripe
© 2014 Idaho Statesman
We'll hold a live chat to talk about Boise State football and the NFL Draft at 11 a.m. today. Former Boise State center Matt Paradis, a draft prospect from Council, will join us to answer your questions at 11:30 a.m.
You can join the chat in this post when it begins.
I've rounded up a bunch of mock drafts and rankings that mention Boise State's draft prospects. Here's the rundown:
Todd McShay/Mel Kiper, ESPN
They did a combined mock draft and Kiper selected defensive end Demarcus Lawrence for the Eagles at No. 54. Full mock here.
Mel Kiper top 100, ESPN
Kiper rates Lawrence as the No. 49 overall prospect in the draft. "One of the better pure pass-rushers in the class, but he's a tweener in terms of system fit," Kiper writes. Full list here.
Rob Rang, CBSSports.com
Rang projects Lawrence to land with the Seahawks at the last pick of the first round, No. 32. They "could see the 6-3, 251 pound Lawrence as an ideal LEO defensive end to groom behind Cliff Avril, who is entering the final year of his contract," he writes. Full mock here.
Dane Brugler, CBSSports.com
He slots Lawrence to the Vikings at No. 40. Full mock here.
Will Brinson, CBSSports.com
He also sees Lawrence as a late first-rounder — this time at No. 31 to the Broncos. Full mock here.
SI.com top 100
Sports Illustrated ranks Lawrence No. 67. Full list here.
USA Today top 300
USA Today names three Broncos — Lawrence at No. 47, offensive tackle Charles Leno Jr. at No. 189 and center Matt Paradis at No. 291. Full list here.
By position, USA Today has Lawrence fourth among defensive ends and Leno 15th among offensive tackles.
Woody Paige, Denver Post
Paige lists Paradis as a possible sixth-rounder for the Broncos. Full breakdown here.
Here's how the Mountain West prospects stack up at NFL.com.
Ratings guide
9.0-10: Once-in-a-lifetime player
8.0-8.99: Perennial All-Pro
7.5-7.99: Future All-Pro
7.0-7.49: Pro Bowl-caliber player
6.5-6.99: Chance to become Pro Bowl-caliber player
6.0-6.49: Should become instant starter
5.5-5.99: Chance to become NFL starter
5.2-5.49: NFL backup or special teams potential
5.01-5.19: Better-than-average chance to make an NFL roster
5.0: 50-50 chance to make NFL roster
4.75-4.99: Should be in an NFL training camp
4.5-4.74: Chance to be in an NFL training camp
Boise State
DE Demarcus Lawrence, 6.0
OT Charles Leno Jr., 5.2
C Matt Paradis, 5.0
WR Aaron Burks, 4.7
Utah State
S Mo Alexander 5.2
C Tyler Larsen, 5.2
CB Nevin Lawson, 4.9
TE D.J. Tialavea, 4.8
S Marqueston Huff, 5.2
WR Robert Herron, 5.1
QB Brett Smith, 5.1
Colorado State
C Weston Richburg, 5.3
OLB Shaquil Barrett, 5.2
TE Crockett Gillmore, 5.1
RB Kapri Bibbs, 4.9
Air Force
RB Anthony LaCoste, 4.7
New Mexico
C Dillon Farrell, 5.0
Fresno State
QB Derek Carr, 6.1
WR Davante Adams, 5.7
TE Marcel Jensen, 5.2
WR Isaiah Burse, 5.1
OG Austin Wentworth, 5.1
San Jose State
CB Bene Benwikere, 5.2
QB David Fales, 5.1
WR Chandler Jones, 5.1
C Ryan Jones, 5.1
San Diego State
S Nat Berhe, 5.2
S Eric Pinkins, 4.9
RB Adam Muema, 4.8
DE Tavita Woodard, 4.7
OT Joel Bitonio, 5.8
CB Markus Smith, 4.7
RB Tim Cornett, 5.0
RB James Baker, 5.2


text:
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GMC Canyon
machiavelli Posts: 260Same as the Colorado.
hsvgrinch Posts: 2Once again GM will miss the mark in providing a truck worthy of any of us spending our hard-earned money on. Who wants a 4 0r 5 cylinder 4X4? Why does GM waste time and money developing an inline 5 when they have the idea engines in production: the 4.8L or 5.3L eights. You can get the 5.3L in the extended Envoy. Why not give us something that makes sense. Some of the Eurporean manufactures tried the 5 cylinder solution and they didn't sell. I have bought my last GM product as they are always late to market and never provide a decent product.
jchan2 Posts: 4,956Hmm. Acura tried the 5 cylinder engine in the Vigor and 2.5 TL. What happened? They got AXED! Acura replaced them with a 3.2 liter V6. Why did the 5 cylinders get axed? They got axed because they delivered the power of a 4 cylinder and the operating expense of a Turbocharged 6. Plus, doesn't a 5 cylinder make the same power as a Turbocharged 4 cylinder or a small V6? Dodge tried a V6 in its Intrepid and it was a sucess. Now, almost every automaker has a V6 somewhere in their lineup. Audi made a Turbo 4. It was mildly succesful and many buyers preferred it over the
I-5 made by Acura. the A4 competed with the Vigor and 2.5 TL. The A4 was more popular and the Vigor was a sales mistake.
fsmmcsi Posts: 792GM should offer the Canyon and Colorado with the 405HP small block V8, AWD, an extended cab, all of the deluxe features (plenty of sound insulation, Etc.) and a 6' bed. It would be an excellent alternative to an SUV, since all of the things which rattle and move around (or go flying in a wreck) would be outside the passenger area, but it would be short enough to fit in normal garage spaces. I would much prefer something like that to the Sierra Denali, which is simply too large, too heavy, and too inefficient.
ncgtriangulum Posts: 2My opinion, saying a design is bad or good before the product is personally evaluated is not a practical one. In-line engines have been around for over 100 years and have been some of the most durable engines ever built. And as we have seen with products from the past that consumer opinion is not based on sound engineering, but on emotions or cost-popularity is not always best. I prefer in-line engines that are properly designed due to reduction in parts, lower operating cost, more access to vital engine components (easier to fix), and longer life (over 300,000 miles) Marine and trucking companies have lived on in line six engines for decades and why should a short version be such a bad move? Look at any farm equipment, earth moving equipment, industrial generators, Navy, Coast Guard, or Commerical cruise ships - you might be surprised. And yes, they are longer and if you want a short front end on any vehicle you must make a "V" configuration. GM may actually make a "Professional grade" truck sooner than later. This is my opinion, try to keep the emotions out and the logic in-not always a simple task.
bdboi Posts: 1.. i'm very glad the new truck is coming out .. there are conflicting opinions about engines .. but my source says it will have the I6 4.2L 270hp avail also. i've had an '85 S-10 for over 12 years. it came with a 2.8L V-6 and a 5 speed .... it pulled a fitfhwheel !!! ... but wanting more power .. i bought a totaled '94 Blazer and put everything that would fit in my S-10 ... so i've had everything Chevy or GMC offered for a long time now .. i'm very anxious for the new truck .. however , i'll have to most likely wait till they show up at auction or on the used lots .. .. all that said .. Wow !! it's about time
Here is what the GM website has on new vortec I-4 and I-5 in line engines. They plan to offer them in the new Canyon.
"New Vortec 3500 I-5 and 2800 I-4 Engines to Provide the Power of a V6 and the Efficiency of an I-4
Leveraging the technology of its highly successful Vortec 4200 inline six-cylinder engine, GM has created two additional inline engines with excellent driveability features for mid-size pickup customers: the Vortec 3500 inline five-cylinder and Vortec 2800 inline four-cylinder engines. Both engines will be available in the 2004 Chevrolet Colorado and GMC Canyon and will provide the power of a V6 and the efficiency of an I-4."
and here is another website with more tech info.
With all this talk about the 2.8 and 3.5 Vortec's, let's not forget the trucks themselves.
Here is a link to the Isuzu D-max:
(This ia a Thai site. Down on the bottom there is link to the English version)
As a GM supplier posted on the Colarado board, the Canyon/Colorado were developed by Isuzu. Isuzu is making their trucks in Thailand, the Chevy/GMC will be made in Shreveport at a new assembly facility adjacent to the old S-10/Sonoma plant. As I said on th Colorado board, a few things stand out to me:
- D-MAX's listed dimensions are similiar if not smaller than the Sonoma/S-10. All the scuttlebutt out of Detroit had these vehicles being larger, comparable to today's Dakota (which, paradoxically is reported to be getting smaller next generation). The pictures show a vehicle with a shallow, Tacoma-sized bed. Yes, I believe it is possible to fit a deeper bed, but a larger cab I don't think is in the cards.
- I say the cab is not going to change because the interior shots show an interior (dash, door hardware and steering wheel) spot on with all the spy photo interior shot of the new Chevy/GMC. Yes, owing to righthand drive in Thailand, the interior is reversed, but it looks almost identical.
Based on this and other info, some conjecture:
- These trucks will not be as big as expected. Heck, GM is now calling the present Sonoma a mid-size (http://www.gmc.com/sonoma). Why make a mid-size when you can market your old compact as one (Revenge of Ron Zarella?!?). Maybe GM got some good intel on the Dakota being shrunk and decided not to be behind the power curve. Probably GM also read the writing on the political wall (read: CAFE) and knew they needed to compensate for Yukons/Denalis, Escalades, Silverado 1500's and the like. Might be the reason GMC, quite a while after the Colarado was announced finally announced the Canyon. Corporate might have forced them to have a small truck so all the CAFE averaging pressure isn't on Chevy.
- The engine debate is also interesting. Again GM is going for fuel economy IMO. An exec practically said so when he was quoted as wanting to sell a lot of 2.8/5-speed combos. Owning both a vehicle with a 4.2L I-6 VORTEC and one with the old 4.3 V-6 Vortec, I can attest for the new engine's smoothness and higher end power. But GM is putting in an I-5 version for mileage. Even with balance shaft's it won't be as smooth. Plus, it has less torque than the 4.3. In the end it might come down to buyer's perceptions. Ford dealer's will be quick to learn "Yes, theirs is nice, but OUR's has a V-6! You will be amazed at the people who will automatically think "ah, more power" than take the time to read a spec sheet!
jgmilberg Posts: 872I can't for the life of me figure out this big thing about the I5, and I4 engines, both of these engines are going to out power the current 180HP2wd/190HP4wd 4.3V6 so what's the big deal?! From what I have heard the I4 will have 170HP and the I5 will have 215HP. I dramatic improvement over the piddely little 180hp2wd/190hp4wd that's currently available. Another tidbit of information the in line engines run smoother than you could ever imagine. The I6 had to have an anti-starter grind circuit installed because they were getting chewed up starters from those that couldn't tell the engine was running.
A SS model would be cool though, like the old S-10 Typhoon with the turbo charged 4.3, man that was a real runner there. Oh well there are aftermarket companies that will come out with the go fast stuff we crave. Now if it didn't void the factory warranty....
Yes, the 3.5L will best the 4.3 Vortec by an of 25-35 HP (depending on which version (2wd/4wd)4.3 is compared to) but it does lose 20-25lb-ft of torque in the same comparision. Will buyers be more concerned with torque output and engine size/number of cylinders? Ford's top Ranger engine is a 4 liter four with 238lb-ft of torque.
The 4.3 had this beat on both accounts. Of course, the Ranger out-sold it, so maybe the 3.5 will outsell it due to horsepower (8hp more). I'm not so sure though. With the I-6 GM out-muscled the 4.0 in the Explorer and even out HPed the
V-8. The advantage was clearly GM's. In this case though, I don't think the advantages are as clear cut. Especially with Ford salesman asking True-Blue American pick-up buyers if they want a "Japanese designed pickup with one them smaller foreign style five-cylinder engines in it."
Hopefully, GM's gambit to lower it's CAFE numbers with this truck will work, but it might be at the expense of the truck's marketability (read: fleet sales).
jedai Posts: 7All this confusion about inline 5's. Audi and Volvo (Audi engine) had them for years and Volvo still uses them. The Acura 2.5 I5 was a great and economical motor. Acura wanted to go upmarket with the TL and dropped it for the 3.0 V6. Any automotive engineer will tell you that an I5 is the smoothest configuration, probably won't need balance shafts like big I4's. The only thing that compares is an H6 like Porsche and Subaru. I would love to have this truck with the 5 cyl. as I drive lots of miles and fuel economy is a big thing for me.
The 3.5 I-5 will have twin balance shafts (rotating at twice engine speed) installed to quell the second-order vibrations still present in the I-5. The I-6 might be the engine you are thinking of, as it it suffers little second order vibrations. The outgoing 4.3L has had a single balance shaft in it since the early ninties, since the 90 degree V angle so smooth for it's 5.7L parent is not the best for V-6s. As a general rule:
I-4s over 1.8L will benefit from balance shafts
I-5s obviously can use their help to smooth things out
V-6s should have a V angle of 60 degrees for smoothness.
V-8s should have 90 degrees of V.
I have heard V-12s should be 75 degrees from one
source and 60 from another. Not to many of them around anyway since Jag went to V-8s so it really is almost a moot point.
Of course crank, connecting rod and piston design are major players in an engine's NVH characteristics too.
cowgyrl13 Posts: 16Thanks for the link on that Isuzu D-max. I know I will probably never buy a Canyon no matter how much I like the looks and potentially the drive of it. Reason: too many spark plugs. Give me a Canyon Crew-Cab with that Isuzu engine that is in the D-max or get Duramax to make a little I-4 or I-5 D-Max, and I will get one - maybe two. Until then, I'll just keep driving my overkill 2500HD D-Max rocket ship and a VW TDI!
From what I hear, Duramax Ltd (joint Isuzu/GM venture for the 6.6, to include the plant in Moraine, OH) was looking at producing a smaller diesel, but Isuzu's money problems was causing some problems. I believe I heard that Duramax was completely bought out by GM, so maybe there is hope. With Ford partner Navistar producing smaller P-stroke's it may be only a matter of time. Or maybe they will source a diesel overseas like they did with the early S-10s.
My wife like's Duramax's too. Woman must like compression ignition. Passat diesels are really popular over here as you can well imagine.
A 2500HD is not overkill around Orlando, it's a way to move slow traffic out of your way on I-4!
I have come across a WEB Site a few weeks ago that stated that apparently the Colorado/Canyon price will remain approx the same as the current S10/Somoma prices which would make Colorado/Canyon a little more palatable. I hope someone at GM is listening; your product is a tad overpriced. GM has good products but if you go to Dodge and Ford Website and use the Build your own vehicle you will see why the Dodge Quad Cabs and are multiplying like rabbits and the F150 is the best selling truck.
PS any idea of what the Payload and Max towing capacity of the
I5 200hp will be?
PS any idea of what the Payload and Max towing capacity of the
I5 220hp will be?
bri719 Posts: 6I agree with some of the other comments posted here and also had a few of my own.
first, Chevy's styling doesn't really appeal to me in any shape or form but I would consider buying GMC model since I really like this truck in general. I agree with some of the others the engine offerings are a slight problem. if they're going to offer just two engines, the I5 should be the base engine and the larger 5.3 V8 should be the optional one, for capable 4 wheel driving (added torque, etc).
my guess is that GM's offerings w/ the engines are based upon a couple of factors, one being that the 5-cyl would definitely have more than enough power for most people. but why even offer an I4 for a larger truck that curbs at a minimum of 4000 lbs?!? crazy. economics and gas efficiency are also factors no doubt, but not if you can't even get off the line with 4 cylinders. but even with a blip in gas prices, consumers aren't being swayed from larger engines these days. so that's almost a moot point. what people are craving these days is power, it's clear across the auto industry with more and more 200-300+ hp vehicles coming out these days.
as for too many sparkplugs, I don't see it - I presume the I5 has 10, only 2 more than most I4's (and are cheap maintenance).
one of my questions, for which I didnt see an answer by reading any links, was whether or not the extended cab is a 4-door model. if not, forget it, and the crew cab doesn't appeal to me because of the super short box. I also think the 6 foot box is too short for a "mid-size" truck, which is a phrase that doesn't carry much weight anyway since "compact" has basically been replaced by "mid-size" in the lingo department. my smaller Ranger even has a 7-footer which is the correct length.
I was excited about this truck but being that it won't even come out until the very end of 2003 I doubt it's for me. chances are what I'd do is just end up waiting for Ford dealers to slash stickers on their '03 F150s and buy a V6 model (being that they're putting the completely new '04 out to market in the fall of this yr), or even a used one since I'll get a much better incentive than on the 2004 Colorado/Canyon. I also didn't see any photos or much description on the "high riding" model talked about in the articles. as in, descriptions or photos. finally, wheel/tire selections look strange right now - there's just not enough info available. no optional wheel/tire package listed, and the first article I read said this truck came with 15 in. wheels, then the Edmunds article said 17 in. wheels. hmmmm
corvette United StatesPosts: 5,718"...why even offer an I4 for a larger truck that curbs at a minimum of 4000 lbs..."
The current Sonoma/S10 curbs at 3016 lbs. for a base model, 2wd, regular cab. Only the crew cab, 4wd model has a curb weight of over 4000 lbs. The I4 will be adequate for the base models, and if I'm not mistaken it will have the most standard horsepower in the class. In the current models, bed length is reduced on the crew cab model to make them more maneuverable. Standard bed length is 6 feet on the regular and extended cab models, 7 1/3 feet available on regular cab models. Full-size pickups typically offer a larger variety of cab, bed, and engine configurations.
Also disappointing: side-curtain airbags aren't standard; Stabilitrak isn't available. The front grille and lamp design is a shade of ugly reminiscent of the current Chevrolet abominations (Avalanche, Trailblazer, and Silverado). Another safety gaffe: The Canyon appears to have red rear turn signals instead of the amber ones. Not only is the color amber easier to see than red, the signals are more easily distinguished from brake lights. (This setup is required in Europe.)
"The front grille and lamp design is a shade of ugly reminiscent of the current Chevrolet abominations"
Vette, The Canyon is, with exception of it's grille insert and steering wheel airbag cover, a Colorado. The Sonoma at least had it's own headlights, grille, and hood to differentiate it from the S-10. I still think this truck was forced down GMC's throat for CAFE reasons.
ever heard of CAFE standards, GM's fleet has to get better MPG!!!! avg of 24? thats why the 4/5 combo/ any vehicle over 6000LBS doesn't hurt the MPG avg, like Suburban, Hummer.... Duelly trucks etc...Why do think they are tossing in that small car this year! looks like a GEO metro
boiko Posts: 82Other then cosmetic differences, are there any other significant reasons to buy one over the other...?
This coming year should be interesting for midsize trucks, with GMC/Chevy, Dodge, and Nissan all coming out with new or greatly changed machines. I personally think an I-5 will be fine. I'm hoping for an American alternative to the Tundra (current smaller version). It surprises me a little that the I-6 in the TrailBlazer isn't an option, surely one more cylinder isn't THAT big a size difference. Pity we have to wait for 2004 to touch metal.
leedavidyoung Posts: 102I think it will have slight styling changes on the front. Kind of like the headlight variation on the full size models.
A local dealer told me he doesn't expect to have a floor model until December. That's OK, I can wait ...
from what I have been able to find it appears the 2004 Canyon physically is not a lot bigger than the Sonoma; but is better designed to give a large interior (feel). Most significantly is that the GVW and towing capacity are increased about 20% or more over the Sonoma.
tbcreative Posts: 357Courtesy Chevrolet in Phoenix had a couple of Colorado demos on Saturday! They had a base model and a Z71. GM had them on display as part of a sales training. They won't be getting any actual units to sell until either this week or the next.
Showcase, the GMC dealership across the street didn't have any Canyons on demo, but the salesman I spoke to gave me a dealer sales workbook that has all of the specs and pictures, including a comparison to the Ranger, Dakota, and Tacoma. It's a really neat piece of literature, bound by a wire notebook coil ring.
I love the Sonoma Highrider, but this new truck is incredible! Although I like pick-ups, I plan on sticking with SUVs, but this truck is very appealing because of it's bold styling and well-though-out mechanics. The interior is VERY spacious! I couldn't believe the front leg room. I'm 6'1" and felt very comfortable, with room to spare. The whole truck appears much bigger than it's predecessor, even though it's only a few inches bigger in each direction. I almost mistook the Colorado for a Silverado when I passed by the first time.
While the Colorado is very sharp, I like the styling of the Canyon better, especially the Z71 Crew Cab. There are two oddities that bug me, though. One is that goofy steering wheel. Why they gave it that wimpy half circle look, I'll never know. It really needs the cool angular steering wheel like the other GM trucks to go with it's angular exterior design. The other ridiculous thing is the absence of 31x10.5" BFGoodrich All-Terrains on the Z71, AT LEAST AS AN OPTION! GM is so frustrating. They get so many things right, but they seem to always blow something. They even brought the door panel cup/bottle holders back, like my Jimmy has, but the new Envoy is lacking. So, here's this great truck, with a high stance suspension that's 3.6" taller than the standard suspension, but NO BFGs?! Oh, and 3 different wheel choices that finally look cool for a GM truck, but they're ALL 15"! Come on... I guess GM's leaving it up to the buyer to swap tires.
Other than those minor things, this seems like it will be a great truck.
I'm holding out for the H3, built off of the same chassis, but who knows what GM might screw up on that. If it's ugly, or incomplete in some major way, I may have to consider the Canyon. Of course, I'd have to throw some BFGs and a bed cap on! I'd also have to swap out the center console with an Envoy, so I could have a center shifter...
The H3 is built off the GMT 360 Platform, Trailblazer, Envoy, not the GMT 355 that is used for the Colorado/Canyon
theo2709 Posts: 476No the H3 is definately built off the GMT 355. Check out the H3 thread for spy shots that have Colorado front ends.
bradkurtz Posts: 24Jeep is coming out with a small diesel in their Liberty next year with 270 lb/ft torque and 28 MPG. Can tow 7700 lbs. Sounds like something GMC should have had all along in their small truck. Will GM step up?
logic1 Posts: 2,433and some of the other states following suit.


text:
Pharmacokinetics of Tinidazole in Chinese subjects: Comparison of Mongolian, Korean, Hui, Uighur and Han nationalities
ABSTRACT - Purpose. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of tinidazole in subjects of five different Chinese nationalities (Han, Mongolian, Korean, Hui, and Uighur). Methods. Fifty healthy subjects (five male and five female of each nationality) were recruited for the study, and each received 1 g tinidazole. A total of 14 blood samples were collected over a 72-hour period after administration. Results. Pharmacokinetic profiles, including area under the curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-inf), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (tmax), oral clearance (CL/F), elimination rate constant (Ke), and elimination half-life (t1/2), were determined following a single oral dose of tinidazole. The respective pharmacokinetic properties of Han, Mongolian, Korean, Hui, and Uighur nationalities were: half-life (h): 16.94±2.40, 16.40±1.79, 16.63±1.82, 16.81±1.56, 14.34±1.92; Cmax (μg/mL): 19.04±2.42, 19.22±4.93, 20.83±3.33, 20.25±4.05, 18.81±3.10; AUC0-inf (h•μg/mL): 483.13±65.65, 479.70±99.74, 511.07±53.47, 514.25±130.78, 388.58±37.37. The t1/2 and AUC0-inf of Uighur subjects were significantly lower (p =0.023, 0.011) and the CL/F and Ke were significantly higher (p = 0.003, 0.013) than those of other nationalities. After normalization by weight, the differences in AUC0-inf and CL/F between Uigur subjects and those of other races were still significant. Conclusions. The results indicate that ethnicity had significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of tinidazole after a single oral dose in healthy volunteers of different nationalities in China.
Full Text:PDF
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/J3KK50


text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|15 Jun 2010
|Fecha de presentación
|27 Abr 2005
|Fecha de prioridad
|21 Dic 2000
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Michael O. Sweeney, David A. Casavant, Robert A. Betzold, Paul A. Belk, Thomas J. Mullen, John C. Stroebel
|Cesionario original
|Medtronic, Inc.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (112), Otras citas (4), Clasificaciones (7), Eventos legales (3)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This patent application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/755,454, filed on Jan. 12, 2004, entitled "PREFERRED ADI/R: A PERMANENT PACING MODE TO ELIMINATE VENTRICULAR PACING WHILE MAINTAINING BACKUP SUPPORT", now U.S. Pat. No. 7,218,965, which is a continuation of prior U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/246,816, filed Sep. 17, 2002, entitled "PREFERRED ADI/R: A PERMANENT PACING MODE TO ELIMINATE VENTRICULAR PACING WHILE MAINTAINING BACKUP SUPPORT", now U.S. Pat. No. 7,130,683, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 09/746,571, filed Dec. 21, 2000, entitled "PREFERRED ADI/R: A PERMANENT PACING MODE TO ELIMINATE VENTRICULAR PACING WHILE MAINTAINING BACKUP SUPPORT", now U.S. Pat. No. 6,772,005 all of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. The present application is also a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/814,692, filed on Mar. 31, 2004 and entitled "FULLY INHIBITED DUAL CHAMBER PACING MODE", now U.S. Pat. No. 7,254,441, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/850,666, filed on May 21, 2004 and entitled "VENTRICULAR EVENT FILTERING FOR AN IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICE", now U.S. Pat. No. 7,245,966, both of which are continuations-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/246,816, filed Sep. 17, 2002, entitled "PREFERRED ADI/R: A PERMANENT PACING MODE TO ELIMINATE VENTRICULAR PACING WHILE MAINTAINING BACKUP SUPPORT", now U.S. Pat. No. 7,130,683, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 09/746,571, filed Dec. 21, 2000, entitled "PREFERRED ADI/R: A PERMANENT PACING MODE TO ELIMINATE VENTRICULAR PACING WHILE MAINTAINING BACKUP SUPPORT", now U.S. Pat. No. 6,772,005 all of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The present invention generally relates to implantable medical devices and more specifically to implantable medical devices for cardiac pacing.
In providing cardiac pacing, there is a preference to promote intrinsic conduction and intrinsic depolarization of the ventricles and to reduce or minimize ventricular pacing. Various protocols have been provided to promote intrinsic conduction with varying degrees of success. For example, in some modes a programmed AV (atrial-ventricular) delay is extended and if underlying conduction is present, the sensed ventricular event will inhibit a subsequent ventricular pace. While useful, such AV extensions are limited in that the maximum intervals available must remain consistent with the capabilities of traditional pacing modalities. That is, such an AV interval may be defined within a DDD or DDDR mode, for example. For any given cardiac cycle, a ventricular pace will be delivered at the end of the AV delay absent sensed ventricular activity. Therefore, there is a maximum AV delay, beyond which a ventricular pace may not be safely delivered in a given cardiac cycle.
According the protocols of the present invention and as defined in greater detail in the above incorporated applications, modes are provided that permit an entire cardiac cycle to pass without ventricular pacing, even in the absence of a sensed ventricular event. This provides the maximum opportunity during a given cardiac cycle for intrinsic conduction to occur. Such protocols may be referred to collectively as "managed ventricular pacing™" (MVP™) or a "ventricular pacing protocol" (VPP).
In practice, a given patient may perform quite well with a given VPP that provides no ventricular pacing; that is, effectively acting as if in an AAIR, AAI, ADI, or ADIR mode so long as intrinsic conduction is either always present or lacking so infrequently as to be tolerated by the VPP. Other patients, for example those with complete heart block, may be pacemaker dependant and require constant ventricular pacing. In such instances, the VPP does not have any opportunity to reduce ventricular pacing, as that pacing is critical for survival. Finally, there are patients who fluctuate between the two extremes. These patients will sometimes require ventricular pacing and at other time will exhibit intrinsic conduction either at normal or prolonged intervals.
With the patients who fluctuate, the VPP will operate in an atrial based pacing mode when permissible and operate in a dual chamber pacing mode when ventricular pacing is required. It should be appreciated that the present description is provided as an overview and is not meant to be limiting; that is, in some instances the VPP will mode switch from one mode to another whereas in other instances the VPP includes a single mode that effectuates both the atrial based and dual chamber based functionality. Thus, for purposes of description, an indication of an atrial based or dual chamber based mode (with reference to a VPP) is indicative of the functionality imparted and includes either an actual mode status/switch or the functional status of a VPP using a single mode inclusive of both aspects. Furthermore, atrial based pacing mode simply means that ventricular pacing is generally not provided (for a given cycle) and a dual chamber mode means that ventricular pacing is available (for a given cycle). Thus, these distinctions, as used herein do not preclude triple chamber pacing, four chamber pacing, or other multi-site pacing arrangements.
As indicated, various patients will fluctuate between requiring and not requiring ventricular pacing. As such, a change to a dual chamber based pacing mode is generally not expected to be permanent. That is, the device will periodically perform conduction checks to determine if intrinsic conduction is present and therefore facilitate a return to an atrial based pacing mode.
The IMD 10 is illustrated in
Also depicted in
With continued reference to
The operation in the ADI/R mode is depicted in the ladder diagram as follows. Atrial paced (or sensed) event 1 initiates a non-programmable, auto-adjusting (e.g., 100-150 millisecond) blanking period 4, followed by auto-adjusting atrial sensitivity (not shown). Sensing circuitry (see
Taking into account that this mode would be used primarily with Sick Sinus patients who have full or some degree of intact AV conduction, this type of operation as depicted for the ADI/R mode is something the clinician or physician would expect to occur. In the presence of intact AV conduction, even if it is prolonged, the pacemaker will maintain the ADI/R operation/mode. Sensed ventricular events would occur in the vast majority of cardiac cycles (that is, PQRST).
The timing of the Committed DDI/R is as follows. In the DDI/R mode (third pacing cycle, labeled DDI/R), AV interval 5 is set to a short 80 milliseconds, following the Paced P-wave due to the absence of any sensed ventricular event between the second and third atrial paced events. The purpose of this short AV interval 5 is to suppress competition between ventricular pacing pulse culminating in paced R-wave 13 and any potential intrinsic R-wave with a delayed conduction from the previous paced atrial event. Assuming the presence of such an intrinsic R-wave, the timing of the ventricular output pulse would normally result in a ventricular pacing pulse falling into the absolute refractory period of the intrinsic, conducted R-wave, resulting in a psuedo-fusion beat (not shown). This operation is intended to prevent the onset of a ventricular tachycardia, should the ventricular pacing pulse fall into the relative refractory period of the ventricle, commonly called "pacing on T" phenomenon.
Continuing with the timing in
With general reference to
Upon invoking DDD/R pacing in the presence of unreliable AV conduction, the mode supervisor immediately assumes the role of striving to restore ADI/R pacing. Since it is known that AV conduction disease typically progresses gradually with brief manifestations of high degree block expected in the early stages of disease progression, the mode supervisor will attempt to restore ADI/R operation following only a brief episode of new onset DDD/R pacing. Accordingly, the first reattempt to reveal intact AV conduction and to restore ADI/R pacing will occur only after a short period of time (e.g., one minute) of DDD/R pacing. Should ADI/R restoration fail, reattempts will occur at 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 minutes and subsequently at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 hours. Of course, other timing sequences may be used, both periodic and aperiodic (as well as local and remote clinician- or patient-activated atrial-based pacing initiation).
As indicated, the IMD 10 will periodically attempt to return to an atrial based pacing mode. Similarly, as discussed below, frequent mode switching may lead to a sustained switch to a dual chamber mode with subsequent attempts to return to the atrial based mode made at given intervals. This process of deliberately attempting to return to an atrial based mode from a dual chamber based mode will be referred to herein generally as a "conduction check" or "conduction checking." As noted in the embodiment above, the delay between each conduction check is progressive and increasing. In the example provided, attempts are made at 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 minutes and then at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 hour intervals. The particular values chosen and the number of attempts made with a given interval before moving to a larger interval can be varied. For example, a pattern such as 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8, 8, etc. may be utilized.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the conduction check timing interval or progression is chosen to be non-anticipatory to the patient and/or to avoid circadian repetition. In general, the occasional absence of a ventricular depolarization will be unnoticed by the patient. However, frequent skipped beats might be perceptible. In such a case, if a conduction check were performed every minute or every three minutes (e.g., a relatively short interval) and the skipped beat was perceived by the patient, then the effects either physiological or psychological on the part of the patient may result in an unsuccessful conduction check. For example, the patient may become tense or stressed in anticipation, resulting in an elevated heart rate, and under the right circumstances, this may hinder the emergence of the underlying intrinsic conduction. Thus, the pattern is staggered and set at increasing intervals such the patient does not anticipate the conduction checks. Simply for illustration, perhaps the patient perceives the conduction check at two minutes and tenses. Four minutes later, the patient could still be tense; eight or sixteen minutes later, the patient has most likely lost focus on the issue and is relaxed making for a more effective conduction check.
Assuming the conduction checks fail as progressively attempted, a maximum value is reached. In the above example, this value is 16 hours. That is, a conduction check is performed once every 16 hours. This value avoids circadian repetition. This simply means that the conduction check will not occur at the same time of day on a day-to-day basis. Consider a hypothetical patient that develops transient block that lasts sufficiently long to cause the conduction check interval to reach a maximum. Subsequently, intrinsic conduction resumes (or would in the absence of pacing), but block occurs during periods of sleep. If the maximum interval were 24 hours, the conduction check could continuously be attempted when the patient is asleep and thus, will fail. Such a situation will forgo the benefits of reduced ventricular pacing during the waking hours. By utilizing a maximum value of, e.g., 16 hours, the conduction check occurs at different times of the day and avoids the above-described scenario. Of course, intervals of other than 16 hours may be chosen to accomplish this as well. However, if the chosen interval is relatively close to 24 hours (e.g., 23 hours), then the conduction check could occur during the same circadian interval (e.g., night or sleeping hours) for many consecutive days.
Thus, there are several factors in determining the timing of the conduction check progression. Initially, the checks are conducted frequently and over short durations. Assuming they fail, the intervals become longer until that maximum value is reached. This maximum value should be long enough such that it is not wasteful of resources; short enough such that patient benefit may be achieved relatively quickly if intrinsic conduction returns; staggered to avoid circadian repetition; and optionally selected such that the staggering avoids prolonged repetition in circadian cycles (e.g., the 23 hour example).
If intrinsic conduction is not found (250), then the CCI is increased by some predetermined amount (270). The CCI is evaluated (280) and if it is less than or equal to a maximum value then the process returns to the initiation of the CCI (220). This will either be at the maximum value of the CCI or at the increased value of the CCI (270). In this manner, the CCI is progressively increased until a maximum value is reached. That is, if the CCI is greater than the maximum value (280) the CCI is changed to the maximum value and the process returns to (220). The amount of any given increase will be determined by the programmed pattern. As indicated, this may be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 minutes and then 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 hours with 16 hours being the maximum, in one embodiment. It should be appreciated that this progression is merely exemplary and more or fewer iterations may be utilized and values may be chosen accordingly. Furthermore, step (280) may be modified to include a counter such that multiple attempts may be made at a given value before increasing that value.
Though not separately illustrated, this variation may be modified slightly to achieve further circadian variability. As indicated, with a 16 hour interval, the afternoon, morning, night progression will repeat, with conduction checks occurring at generally the same time (e.g., 1600, 0800, 2400). This set of conduction checks may be labeled as a complete circadian subset; that is, at least one check occurs during each of the three main daily time periods. After one circadian subset (or some predetermined number of subsets) an offset value may be introduced. The value chosen for the offset is not critical; one, two or three hours are exemplary, but any value (positive or negative) is acceptable. Thus, after the completion of the circadian subset (or the last in a predetermined number of circadian subsets), the offset value is added to the CCI value for one iteration. Thus, in the present example, the CCI maximum is sixteen hours; after one circadian subset, an offset value of one hour is added such that the next conduction check occurs 17 hours later, rather than 16. However, the offset value is not maintained and the subsequent conduction check occurs 16 hours later. Thus, an exemplary pattern might be 16-16-16-17-16-16, etc. Stated in another way, the conduction checks may occur at 1600 hours, 0800, hours, 2400 hours, 1700 hours, 0900, etc. In this manner, the circadian differentiation is always maintained between each subsequent conduction check and over time, further variation is imparted within each daily time period.
A feedback mechanism may be employed wherein successful conduction checks are noted and the offset value may be employed to cause the conduction checks to occur during periods of time shown to be successful in the past. In other words, the IMD 10 may learn patient specific parameters that increase the likelihood of a successful conduction check and tailor the progression accordingly.
Returning to
In one embodiment, the algorithm used to search for intact AV conduction and restore ADI/R is defined according to one of two options. The first option is to simply withhold a ventricular pace stimulation during DDD/R operation. In the event that a ventricular sense follows the physiologic atrial event during which ventricular pacing was withheld, ADI/R pacing is resumed. Otherwise, DDD/R pacing continues with subsequent reattempts according to a schedule or by way of manual activation (as specified above). The second option searches for intact AV conduction involves extending the AV delay during DDD/R pacing to a pre-designated AV conduction [search] interval (AVCI). For instance, with an AVCI of 400 ms, the AV delay is extended to 400 ms following a physiologic atrial event (sensed or paced). In the event that the AV interval is interrupted by a ventricular sense, thereby preempting the ventricular pace in DDD/R operation, the mode supervisor reverts to ADI/R operation. Otherwise, a ventricular pace is delivered upon the expiration of the AVCI interval and DDD/R operation resumes with reattempts according to the schedule (or with manual activation) as described above.
The mode supervisor monitors for repeated failed AV conduction tests at maximal test duration in one embodiment. So for example, if seven straight tests for AV conduction fail at 16-hour intervals, the mode supervisor can suspend AV conduction testing and the device can then remain in the DDD/R mode indefinitely. Alternatively, the present invention may continue to perform the conduction checks at the maximum interval. This allows for simple programming options. That is, even with complete heart block, the protocol operates beneficially to the patient and even if unlikely, a return of intrinsic conduction can be identified.
As indicated, the AVCI may be extended from a nominal value (e.g., 150 ms) to some predetermined value, e.g., the above mentioned 400 ms. The nominal value is meant to indicate the traditionally programmed parameters that are used for standard operation in a mode such as DDD or DDDR. Typically, the nominal values are in the range of about 150 ms to about 180 ms. The extended AV interval provides a longer window during which intrinsic conduction may return and permit a return to an atrial based pacing mode. As the device remains in the dual chamber based pacing mode, ventricular pacing will be provided at the end of the interval as needed.
If appropriate, the device will operate (530 a) in the dual chamber based pacing mode at an appropriately determined AV interval (530 b). Periodically conduction checks are performed (540), with the result (550) determining whether the device operates in the dual chamber based pacing mode or atrial based pacing mode.
In the first category (560), operation may include the cycle or cycles immediately following a lack of ventricular depolarization. Thus, in one embodiment, this first cycle in the dual chamber mode, the AV interval may be shorter (570) than a nominal value. For example, the shortened AV interval may be set to 80 ms. Alternatively, the AV interval may be set to the preprogrammed nominal value (580). In other embodiments, this first cycle may include a prolonged (e.g., longer than nominal) AV interval, such as the AVCI. The VPP selected will determine the appropriate dual chamber based pacing protocols for the first and/or the first few cycle in this mode and separation of this category is simply meant to illustrate that the following options with respect to setting the AV interval may be optionally applied in this category (560).
The second category (600) refers to operation in a dual chamber based pacing mode while conduction checks are performed. As explained above, the interval between such conduction checks, e.g., the CCI, may vary and generally becomes longer with consecutive unsuccessful attempts, until a maximum interval is reached. While in this category, the AV interval may be set to the nominal value (610). It would certainly be possible for an intrinsic event to occur during the nominal AV interval; however, with this option the VPP is relying primarily upon the conduction checks themselves to determine if intrinsic conduction has returned.
In another embodiment, the AV interval is set (620) to some maximum safe prolonged value or at least a fixed value that is greater than the nominal AV interval (e.g., the AVCI). Thus, for each cardiac cycle there is an improved if not maximized opportunity for intrinsic conduction to return while still providing ventricular pacing capabilities in a dual chamber based pacing mode.
In another embodiment, the AV interval is modulated (630) as the conduction checks progress. In general, this means that the AV interval will be longer initially (absent any variations occurring during the first category (560)) and shorten as conduction checks progress and consecutively fail. The variation or modulation of the AV interval may be linked with the variations in the CCI.
In one embodiment, the AV interval will taper (640) at a predetermined rate over the course of the conduction checks during the second category (600). Alternatively, the AV interval may be decreased as a step-function (650) with each change of the CCI. The taper or the step function may be based on predetermined time intervals or percentage based changes. Similarly, the AV interval may be adjusted as inversely proportional (660) to the CCI.
Generally, the above variations apply most directly to consecutive unsuccessful conduction checks. If conduction checks are intermittently successful, the VPP may restart this process after each successful cardiac cycles or series of cycles. This may be entirely acceptable; however, if desired the AV interval may be set to a value closer to or equal to the nominal value if these intermittent events occur; the taper rate can be increased, the change for each step may be increased, and the proportionality (inverse) may be increased to more quickly lead to a nominal AV interval.
In one embodiment, the percentage of time spent in an atrial based pacing mode is compared with the percentage of time spent in a dual chamber based pacing mode. If the percentage of time in the dual chamber based pacing mode exceeds a predetermined threshold, then any of the above actions are taken to decrease the AV interval either more rapidly or to set it at the nominal value. Alternatively, mechanisms to cause the device to vary the AV interval may include the number of mode switches over a given number of cardiac cycles or within a predetermined time frame.
The AV interval, in one embodiment, will progressively be reduced as unsuccessful conduction checks occur. At some point, the CCI may reach a maximum value (680). As explained, conduction checks may cease or may occur at this maximum CCI (with or without variation). In any event, the AV interval will be set (690) to the nominal value. In addition to the conduction check that may occur at the maximum CCI, the AV interval may be extended for some number of cycles prior to this conduction check in order to facilitate the return of the intrinsic conduction. Periodic extensions of the AV interval may also serve as an alternative conduction check function that can be performed on a predetermined basis.
The AV interval is set to the nominal value when the CCI is at a maximum as the device is in de-facto dual chamber operation and the nominal AV interval is set according to traditional and accepted pacing programming parameters. Alternatively, even when the CCI is at a maximum, the AV interval may be modulated (700) continually or intermittently. This would also serve as variations of a conduction check that may routinely be performed while maintaining ventricular pacing without subjecting the patient to an AV interval set at a maximized value on a continuous basis.
The present invention may be implemented using executable software code and/or operational parameters saved by (or downloaded to) a medical device. Such a device may be disposed in vivo and later programmed according to the invention or may be programmed prior to implantation (e.g., using firmware that may be reprogrammed or modified using telemetry techniques and the like). However, the present invention is not limited to only firmware or hardware implementations; indeed, the present invention may be implemented in a hybrid or combined in any desirable manner using device programming techniques known and used in the art.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative and, not restrictive. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading and understanding the above description. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
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Owner name: MEDTRONIC, INC., MINNESOTA
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Owner name: MEDTRONIC, INC.,MINNESOTA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BETZOLD, ROBERT A.;SWEENEY, MICHAEL O.;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050328 TO 20050420;REEL/FRAME:016884/0634
|14 Abr 2009
Owner name: MEDTRONIC, INC., MINNESOTA
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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CASAVANT, DAVID A.;BELK, PAUL A.;MULLEN, THOMAS J.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20090402 TO 20090407;REEL/FRAME:022540/0581
|16 Dic 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text: I just wanted to say, I have a brand new respect for Neelix. I'm currently taking Culinary Arts courses at my local college. Tonight I had to do a dinner party for 25 people with a staff of 14. It went really well but it's hectic as all hell and extremely exhausting. I can't imagine how he feeds a crew of nearly 150 crewmen breakfast, lunch and dinner, does a daily menu, inventory and still finds time to do his daily talk show all by himself.........and does it EVERYDAY!! I totally and completely see why he's a value to Voyager now and how he earns his keep to stay on board. Neelix is amazing!!


text:
Anglophiles of a certain age surely rejoiced last week when they learned that reunited '90s Britpop legends the Stones Roses and Blur are headlining both Fridays of this year's Coachella festival. But apparently not all festivalgoers are feeling mad love for Madchester, as the Coachella 2013 announcement has generated a collective "Who???" from fans who clearly would have preferred to see rumored headliners the Rolling Stones over actual headliners the Stone Roses.
A "Who Are The Stone Roses?" Tumblr--similar to the amusing "Who Is Arcade Fire?" Tumblr that popped up in the wake of Arcade Fire's surprise Album Of The Year win at the 2011 Grammys--has even been created to amass the Interweb's funniest, most expletive-riddled, and most clueless reactions to the Stone Roses/Coachella news.
To be fair, the baggy-pants'd, bowl-cutted Mancunians were never as huge in the States as they were in the U.K. during their early-'90s heyday, and they have not performed in the U.S. since 1995. However, they were rather ubiquitous fixtures on American alt-rock radio and shows like MTV's "120 Minutes" back in the day, with iconic singles like "I Wanna Be Adored," "She Bangs The Drums," and "Fool's Gold." It's actually disheartening to realize how little the Stones Roses' legacy has translated to younger music fans, when a much older act like the aforementioned Rolling Stones has crossed generations.
So, here's a Stone Roses rundown for the uninformed:
The group only released two albums during their initial 1989-1996 run (there was a five-year gap between releases due to a legal battle with their record label, and 1994's inaccurately titled Second Coming was considered something of a sophomore slump). However, their self-titled full-length debut has been heralded as one of the greatest British albums of all time by NME, The Observer, Spin, Q, The Guardian, Time, Rolling Stone, Pitchfork, and many other music publications. In fact, the band is largely heralded as one of THE early pioneers of the entire Britpop movement.
After the Roses acrimoniously disbanded shortly after Second Coming, Simian-style frontman Ian Brown went on to a thriving solo career in Britain; guitarist John Squire formed a modestly successful but short-lived band called the Seahorses before going solo; and bassist Gary "Mani" Mounfield permanently joined Primal Scream's lineup. But fans' clamoring for a Roses reunion never ceased (at least not in the U.K., anyway), and finally, after years of vehemently denying that it would ever happen, the group got back together in 2011; their subsequent three-night homecoming concert stint at Manchester's Heaton Park last June sold out in mere minutes.
So now, the "I Am The Resurrection" band is set to continue its resurrection at Coachella, in front of what might be a decidedly less enthusiastic or knowledgeable American audience. Let's hope that Coachella punters give the Roses a chance. And on the bright side...at least most people seem to know who Blur are.
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text:
You block your fellow shoppers from the dairy case to deliberate over which low-fat yogurt will help you lose weight and eat healthier.
As you clandestinely reach for chips on the snack aisle, the health-food fascist in your head starts blaring dire anti-potato warnings and declaring youll die of high blood pressure from the salt and hydrogenated fats contained in a single serving.
When did eating become so stressful?
Even a careful eater can be taken in by the food myths of the day, the fads that replace pomegranate juice as healthful nirvana in a bottle with açai berry or warns against that latest evil, dried cranberries.
So lets blow up two right now. Flavored, low-fat yogurt is nothing but dessert in a 6-ounce plastic cup. And a small bowl of potato chips will not destroy your otherwise healthy life.
What a relief. I feel better already.
Even those of us who watch our weight, exercise, buy organic and read the fine print occasionally break down and slip a frozen pizza into our basket. Or we may succumb to a hankering for sweet cereal (ah, for Lucky Charms).
And that may lead the health conscious to wonder, first, am I going to die of a terrible cancer if I eat this and second, does it matter if its a health food version or not? And, well, just exactly what is healthy?
That word healthy means nothing, said Kathy Thames, a registered dietician and food blogger from the St. Louis area.
She points to the deceptive marketing of flavored yogurts as a health food.
Its not, its a junk food, its filled with sugar, she said.
Thames and other nutrition experts say only organic, unflavored yogurts i.e., without the heavy dose of sugar most contain can be considered healthy and only if you ascribe to dairy as a healthful part of any diet (some nutritionists dont). Also, they say, whole-fat versions are more nutritious than low-fat.
While yogurt may escape the nutritional trash bin, another breakfast favorite, no matter whether its organic, low-sugar, trans-fat and gluten-free, does not. Cold cereal evokes from food experts the kind of revulsion nuclear energy once did from hippies. One local foodie contends you get more nutrition eating the box than its contents.
Nutritionists count cold cereals in the just-say-no category of packaged foods because theyre made from processed grains and most have stratospheric levels of sugar and additives. Even if you buy the organic, low-sugar brands (which, indeed, taste like the box), youre still starting your day with food that will spike your blood sugar and fill you with empty calories.
They counsel instead to prepare a breakfast heavy on the protein giving permission to lavish eggs, sausage, steak, quiche, whatever, on your plate. The combination of protein, carbohydrates and fat is essential to providing a balance and a buffer to the less healthful foods you might eat later in the day.
Such as an energy bar for lunch. Woe be to you for replacing a meal with these torpedoes of sugar, salt and carbohydrates, whether they have a protein component or not. A gander at the list of ingredients on most bars takes not just a magnifying glass, but a good 20 minutes to get through and a dictionary to pronounce most of the contents.
Im afraid not, local naturopath Jennifer Letellier said of the notion that any sport, energy or power bar could be considered a healthful food, deriding the contents of a Special K protein bar for containing chemicals, corn syrup, genetically modified soy and hydrogenated oil, to say nothing of plain old sugar.
She tells her patients to look for the fewest ingredients possible in packaged food, to avoid any ingredients that include a number (it means theyre chemicals and not good ones) and to know what every ingredient is, whether you can pronounce it or not.
The simpler the ingredients, the better, she said.
OK, then, how about soup? Surely thats a healthy meal. Who doesnt know the Campbells soup ad that ends with the refrain M-m good?
Nutritionists point to food starch, MSG and artificial colors and flavors to put the kibosh on a healthy assessment for Campbells chicken noodle soup. But the hair-raising ingredient in all canned soups, they say, is salt. Campbells chicken noodle posts a whopping 790 milligrams, a third of the recommended daily intake, but the organic version is worse. Muir Glens organic chicken noodle includes 800 milligrams of sodium.
If you need to watch your salt intake, as most folks with high-blood pressure or heart disease do, then dont even think about that beer-and-football constant, that high-carb, high-fat fantasia otherwise known as frozen pizza. Yes, a pepperoni pizza is loaded with protein, but it also offers near stroke-inducing levels of salt (1023 milligrams in the grocery store item and 790 in the health-food store one.)
To approximate a healthy diet, if you care, food experts recommend making pizza a rare splurge and choosing the option with the fewest and most natural ingredients.
Finally theres that beloved snack made of nothing but fat and salt with oh yes, a bit of vegetable thrown in potato chips, a to-die-for food. No one would ever suggest theyre a health food, which is, of course, part of their charm, but just how bad are they?
Potatoes, they tend to lead to allergic reactions, spike blood sugar, cause arthritis said Letellier, trailing off in the face of the potato chips sheer nutritional delinquency.
But sometimes you want what you want. Sometimes the craving for the greasy, the gooey, the salty or the sweet cannot be overcome.
Heres the greatest food-myth buster of them all: Thats OK.
If you love it, have it. If it brings you pleasure, theres actually some health benefits in that, said Nicola St. Mary, a local naturopath.
Thank the Lord. Then break out the Kettle Chips.


text:
This study is provided by ICPSR. ICPSR provides leadership and training in data access, curation, and methods of analysis for a diverse and expanding social science research community.
Geographic Names Information System: National Geographic Names Data Base, Michigan Geographic Names (ICPSR 8374)
Principal Investigator(s): United States Department of the Interior. United States Geological Survey
The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) was developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to meet major national needs regarding geographic names and their standardization and dissemination. This dataset consists of standard report files written from the National Geographic Names Data Base, one of five data bases maintained in the GNIS. A standard format data file containing Michigan place names and geographic features such as towns, schools, reservoirs, parks, streams, valleys, springs and ridges is accompanied by a file that provides a Cross-Reference to USGS 7.5 x 7.5 minute quadrangle maps for each feature. The records in the data files are organized alphabetically by place or feature name. The other variables available in the dataset include: Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) state/county codes, Geographic Coordinates -- latitude and longitude to degrees, minutes, and seconds followed by a single digit alpha directional character, and a GNIS Map Code that can be used with the Cross-Reference file to provide the name of the 7.5 x 7.5 minute quadrangle map that contains that geographic feature.
Access Notes
Data in this collection are available only to users at ICPSR member institutions. Please log in so we can determine if you are with a member institution and have access to these data files.
Study Description
United States Department of the Interior. United States Geological Survey. Geographic Names Information System: National Geographic Names Data Base, Michigan Geographic Names. ICPSR08374-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1988. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08374.v1
Persistent URL: https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR08374.v1
Export Citation:
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This study was funded by:
- United States Department of the Interior. United States Geological Survey
Scope of Study
Subject Terms: computer aided mapping, geography
Geographic Coverage: Michigan, United States
This collection may be used in conjunction with digitized sectional basemaps available in 1:2,000,000-scale. See UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHIC DATA STANDARDS: DIGITAL LINE GRAPHS FROM 1:2,000,000-SCALE MAPS (ICPSR 8379). There is a second, related data collection available from the ICPSR: GEOGRAPHIC NAMES INFORMATION SYSTEM: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC NAMES DATABASE, POPULATED PLACES IN THE UNITED STATES (ICPSR 8369).
Records or entries for most named geographic features on all United States Geological Survey 7.5-minute topographic map series, with the exception of road and highway names.
Original ICPSR Release: 1988-06-01
- 2006-01-18 File CB8374.PDF was removed from any previous datasets and flagged as a study-level file, so that it will accompany all downloads.
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text:
Washed Organic Linen Foulard Print Crib Fitted Sheet
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Our bedding is loomed from pure organic linen that has been washed for extra softness, making it as gentle on young skin as it is friendly to the environment. Destined to lend the nursery subtle sophistication, each print is available in a quartet of signature shades.
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text:
As Facebook pulls away from MySpace in terms of social networking traffic, both networks face increasing challenges trying to monitor and prevent predatory user activity. Such cases were accentuated by the Megan Meier-MySpace suicide case and MySpace's decision to terminate 90,000 registered sex offenders from its service. Another recent incident saw a man kill his wife over a Facebook status change. And the online world only gets stranger.
An 18-year-old male student who resides near Milwaukee, WI is accused of perhaps the most bizarre and disturbing instances of social network sexual predation to date. The male, who attends New Berlin Eisenhower High School in New Berlin, which is about 15 miles west of Milwaukee, is accused of using Facebook to lure 31 of his male classmates into providing him with sexually explicit materials, and then blackmailing many of them into having sex with him.
Anthony Stancl was charged Wednesday on five counts of child enticement, two counts of second-degree sexual assault of a child, two counts of third-degree sexual assault, possession of child pornography, repeated sexual assault of the same child, and making a bomb threat.
According to officials, Mr. Stancl posed as a girl named Kayla or Emily on Facebook. He then lured his classmates, most of whom were underage, into sending nude video and photos to him. He was able to then tempt over 31 of his classmates into sending such pornographic materials.
After they sent the files, over half of the male classmates admitted that Mr. Stancl's alter-ego blackmailed them, threatening to release the embarrassing photos or videos if (her) demands were not met. The user threatened to send the photos to the male classmates' friends and post them all over the internet.
Mr. Stancl's alter-ego demanded that the boys meet with (her) "male friend" and exchange sex acts with him. The friend, of course, was Mr. Stancl. According to testimony, seven of the victims admit to performing sex acts on Mr. Stancl or having sex acts performed on them by Mr. Stancl. According to the boys, Mr. Stancl took pictures on his cell phone while engaging in these acts.
When raiding his house, police discovered 300 nude images of juvenile males on his computer. The youngest victim of sex acts was 15; the pictures included victims as young as 13-years-old.
The incidents, which started in spring 2007, finally ended in November of last year. Mr. Stancl was brought in for questioning about a bomb threat written on bathroom walls, which he stands accused of scrawling. The threat closed New Berlin Eisenhower Middle and High School. After his questioning, the victims began to come forward about their disturbing experience with Mr. Stancl and his alter-ego on Facebook.
Stancl's attorney, Craig Kuhary says his client will plead not guilty, but hopes to reach a plea agreement on the charges. He states merely, "It's too early in the case for me to make a statement, other than the fact at some point we are going to go into events that had taken place earlier that might have had some impact on what he did here."
New Berlin Police Lt. Mike Glider believes there may be even more victims. He is urging anyone Mr. Stancl contacted to come forward.
Mr. Stancl's preliminary hearing has been scheduled for February 26. If convicted of all the charges, he could receive a maximum sentence of 300 years behind bars.


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The bread and butter at Microsoft is software. The company offers a slew of other products from hardware and peripherals to internet search, but most of the fuel for the Microsoft coffers comes from Windows and Office.
Microsoft is set to launch new version of Windows and its Office productivity suite in the coming months. Windows 7 is expected in October with Office 2010 coming in the first half of 2010. ComputerWorld reports that the latest technical preview of Office 2010 hit BitTorrent tracking sites over the weekend.
The new version of the anticipated productivity application is Office 2010 build 14.0.4302.1000 and both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the application were leaked. About 30 computers had fully downloaded copies of the torrent file and about 400 systems have partly downloaded the torrent. So far, about 1,200 copies of the application have been downloaded.
This isn't the first time that a leaked copy of Office 2010 has hit the torrent sites. In May, an earlier version of the productivity suite was leaked from the invite-only technical preview Microsoft is running. Microsoft is expected to announce today at its Worldwide Partner Conference that it is ready to hand out copies of the invite only preview to developers.
The software giant is also expected to show some demonstrations of its new web-based Office Web applications that will offer online versions of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote. ComputerWorld reports that later this year Microsoft will also hold an open public beta for the Office application as it has done in the past, however, Microsoft has not year announced when it will start the open beta for Office 2010.
Along with the leak of the newest version of the technical preview come some new screenshots of Office 2010. On the surface, the app looks much like Office 2007 with a slightly different tab-style layout and a full ribbon UI. The newly leaked version of the suite reportedly allows you to switch themes for the application.
Microsoft's Office Web Applications 2010 and Office Mobile 2010 have also been detailed a bit more today. The software company has a "What's New" video that is available for viewing that shows some highlights for the new Office Web Applications 2010 with info on Word, PowerPoint, and Excel. The apps will work on Windows or Mac computers and will run on Firefox.
Mobile 2010 offers mobile document viewers that allow just about every smartphone on the market to view Office documents without having to download the files first. Supported platforms include the iPhone and Blackberry devices. The Office Web applications will be available without any cost via the Windows Live portal. The free online products will include Word, Excel, and PowerPoint along with OneNote.
The free Office software will presumably be ad-supported and is intended to help Microsoft fight other free productivity applications like those offered by Google. Google's free online applications have so far been unable to gain significant ground on the Office productivity suite. Microsoft says at launch that there will be about half a billion users who have access to Office Web.