text:
Clean Android keep your device Clean and Fast
ZTE Nubia Z11 mini smartphone was launched in April 2016. The phone comes with a 5.00-inch touchscreen display with a resolution of 1080 pixels by 1920 pixels. ZTE Nubia Z11 mini price in India starts from Rs. 12,999.
The ZTE Nubia Z11 mini is powered by 1.2GHz octa-core Qualcomm Snapdragon 617 processor and it comes with 3GB of RAM. The phone packs 64GB of internal storage that can be expanded up to 200GB via a microSD card. As far as the cameras are concerned, the ZTE Nubia Z11 mini packs a 16-megapixel primary camera on the rear and a 8-megapixel front shooter for selfies.
The ZTE Nubia Z11 mini runs Android 5.1 and is powered by a 2800mAh non removable battery. It measures 141.40 x 70.00 x 8.00 (height x width x thickness) and weigh 138.00 grams.
The ZTE Nubia Z11 mini is a dual SIM (GSM and GSM) smartphone that accepts Micro-SIM and Micro-SIM. Connectivity options include Wi-Fi, GPS, Bluetooth, USB OTG, FM, 3G and 4G (with support for Band 40 used by some LTE networks in India). Sensors on the phone include Proximity sensor, Accelerometer, Ambient light sensor and Gyroscope.
How to download Clean Android form ZTE Nubia Z11 mini?
- Check the Android version to verify compatibility of Clean Android with ZTE Nubia Z11 mini.
Find Android version: go to "Settings" - "About the phone" - "Android version". Make sure Clean Android is compatible with ZTE Nubia Z11 mini.
- Click the download button to download Clean Android in ZTE Nubia Z11 mini.
- Once the download and installation are complete, find Clean Android in your home screen and tap the icon to open it.
Related apps to ZTE Nubia Z11 mini
Zapya - File Transfer, SharingDownload
Antivirus Free - Virus CleanerDownload
DU Speed BoosterDownload
Fireflies lockscreenDownload
Google Pinyin InputDownload
Emoji keyboard - Cute Emoticons, GIF, StickersDownload
Google Play servicesDownload
Bluetooth App SenderDownload
Emoji Keyboard Cute Emoticons - Theme, GIF, EmojiDownload
SuperVPN Free VPN ClientDownload
Swifty - Swipe,Smart,BoostDownload
Omni SwipeDownload
AMC Security - Clean & BoostDownload
Other supported phone models
Karbonn A15+
HTC Desire 7088
Motorola Droid Mini
Xolo Q900s Plus
Samsung Galaxy Note Edge
LG Google Nexus 5X
iBall Andi 5M Xotic
Nokia 8
iBerry Auxus Stunner
Intex Aqua 3G
Lenovo P2
Lava Iris 465
Sony Xperia go
BlackBerry KEYone
Huawei G300
Micromax Canvas Duet AE90
Alcatel XL
Datawind Pocket Surfer 3G4
Asus ZenFone 5 LTE
Oppo R5s
Meizu metal
Wickedleak Wammy One
Acer Liquid Z410
Archos 50c Oxygen
Gionee Marathon M4
Zen Cinemax Click
Adcom KitKat A40
Spice Mi-514
Vivo Y21L
Xiaomi Mi 4i
Lyf Wind 7i
Celkon Millenium Power Q3000
Videocon A24
Blu Vivo Air LTE
Swipe Elite
Maxx Mobile Genx Droid 7
Yu Yunicorn
InFocus M530
Panasonic T45 4G
Zopo Color F1
LeEco Le S3
Idea Aurus III
MTS Blaze 4.5
Fly F40
Coolpad Note 3 Plus
Philips S308
Obi Leopard S502
Ringing Bells Smart 101
App Reviews for ZTE Nubia Z11 mini
david brunsonAndroid junk filesResponded to prompt and used suggested remedy.
Ja'veonte BrownGreat cleaning appCleans everything that is slowing your phone down out. You phone runs faster after the cleaning. Fast and easy to use.
Jeannemarie CookFast, user friendly, I'm hooked!I really like this app, it does all the work for you..I highly recommend it to anyone wanting to speed up their phone and clean up all that clutter!
Kay CampbellGreat appKeeps phone clean. Very fast and efficient!
Janice GieseLove ❤😘 💞😍 ❤😘Love it for the first time I got everything done at one time. To many cleaners on here. This was the best 👍💯
Debbie L BaxterClean Android is so easy to use & has many good features.I love how simple, one touch does the job. Plus has multiple features, battery saver & cool down mode.
Florence LloydClean AndroidGreat App. Cleans my phone so fast, it seems like it's have a new phone! Thank You for Your Hard Work now making this happen, you have no idea what I've been going through with this phone in the last few months.
Clarinda StoughtonDoes all it says it does......and more. I am very confident with your app. Thank you
Panther SpencerClean android does what it says very useful appI like it.
Vicente SanchezGood appEasy to use. Cleans memory and maximizes space. Add driven
Shannon TeskeEasy to useIt notifies me when I need to clean my apps and keeps my phone working faster and my battery longer than before it's just easy to use!!
Gabe MartinVery niceThis app is not the only one I use to keep my phone good but it is one of the best
Bernadine WareClean AndroidS o far it seemed too do the job. Actually it too soon to say what what.
Becks KIt works wellI like it but I hate the adds
Edward H J Ballard 3rdNo fuss no muss no problems. .if only life was this easy
Laura HammEasy to useI didnt realize how much dpace I could free up.
Ager AgerIt's very easy to use and I like it because it tells me what needs to be clean or erased or what area is in trouble
Yotansha HandoyoRecommended Cleaner AppVery easy and useful application. Thank you so much.
Trina GaulThis is a good program to have on your phone it cleans up junk that you don't need on your phone.
Dean WilhelmThe one!After trying several, this one has the best console and the least confusing ad spaces.
Caroline ScadeClean androidApp that cleans your phone or tablet and is good, very fast and does the job well
Cindy CrawfordWould have got 5 stars .. app is great but way to many adds.
willow englishClean appsI love the way it clean your phone
Nicholas NovelloSpeedy recovery softwareWorks ultra fast to rid systems of android phone viruses and other related articles.
David KnappSimple and EffectiveInterface is nicely laid out, application is easy to use and performs very well. Definately recommended.
AnonymousPerfectI love this app so much, it. helps me so much!!! It is better than the 1st one. Keeping my phone clean has never been easier. Thanks for the great app!!!
bill werbiernerk5* APPDoes the business my phone must have been seriously jammed with junk b4 I discovered this app
AILYS CamasosaGreatIt's a great app really recommend this app to people who like to clean alot
Bob Watsoni'm very impressed with this app lots of features to keep my phone clean and safe
Jonathan StanwoodCool appNice UI and quicker than the old cleaner (which I just removed). Update may be a little buggy - had to reboot my phone during a recent scan.
anthony josephAnthony josephIt feels good to know that there is an app out there that is watching your back. Just like angels.
james gilmoreStill have problemsHelps for a little while, but still loads memory.
Melanie ClarkeOnly snag are the ads. Way too many but it does the job
Stacy SpiritBy far the best app cleaner!!
Lillian Porras. DIAMONDBest Cleaner yetCleans quickly, great features leaves your phone clean and I'm so happy know more lagging
Rudy ButlerGood S&#%The best one of many I've tried.


text:
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Our general interest e-newsletter keeps you up to date on a wide variety of health topics.
Vitamin D toxicity, also called hypervitaminosis D, is a rare but potentially serious condition that occurs when you have excessive amounts of vitamin D in your body.
Vitamin D toxicity is usually caused by megadoses of vitamin D supplements — not by diet or sun exposure. That's because your body regulates the amount of vitamin D produced by sun exposure, and even fortified foods don't contain large amounts of vitamin D.
The main consequence of vitamin D toxicity is a buildup of calcium in your blood (hypercalcemia), which can cause poor appetite, nausea and vomiting. Weakness, frequent urination and kidney problems also may occur.
Treatment includes the stopping of excessive vitamin D intake. Your doctor also may prescribe intravenous fluids and medications, such as corticosteroids or bisphosphonates.
Taking 50,000 international units (IU) a day of vitamin D for several months has been shown to cause toxicity. This level is many times higher than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for most adults of 600 IU of vitamin D a day.
Doses higher than the RDA are sometimes used to treat medical problems such as vitamin D deficiency, but these are given only under the care of a doctor for a specified time frame. Blood levels should be monitored while someone is taking high doses of vitamin D.
Although vitamin D toxicity is uncommon even among people who take supplements, you may be at greater risk if you have health problems, such as liver or kidney conditions, or if you take thiazide-type diuretics. As always, talk to your doctor before taking vitamin and mineral supplements.
Katherine Zeratsky, R.D., L.D.
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This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
© 2008 MLB Advanced Media, L.P. All rights reserved.
Hoffman nominated for Clemente Award
Padres closer continues to build a legacy of giving back
By Ronald P. Clark / MLB.com
SAN DIEGO -- Trevor Hoffman has spent virtually his entire future Hall of Fame career in the city of San Diego, donning a Padres jersey. Over the years, Hoffman has provided the Friars faithful with countless memories, all the while providing his family with long-term financial security. But not everyone gets that chance. There are those who are in need, financially and otherwise, and professional athletes are in the rare position to fulfill a life-long dream and provide a bit of relief to some of those individuals.
It's with that sentiment that Hoffman lives his life off the field. The face of a Padres organization that has had a plethora of philanthropic players don its jersey, Hoffman has spent his entire career giving back to those less fortunate than himself.Hoffman has donated his time, energy, position as a professional athlete and finances to multiple organizations and programs around San Diego County. And for his efforts, he is the Padres' nominee for the Roberto Clemente Award, presented by Chevrolet. Hoffman has been the club's nominee for the award on five other occasions (2000-03, '05). "I don't think you can say much more than it's an honor," Hoffman said. "Guys have a great opportunity here to be active in the community. The club does everything possible to help in that area." The award recognizes the player who best exemplifies the game of baseball, sportsmanship, community involvement and the individual's contribution to his team. It is named in honor of the former Pirates outfielder whose spirit and goodwill will always be remembered. Clemente died in a plane crash while attempting to transport relief supplies to earthquake-stricken Nicaragua on Dec. 31, 1972. "It's fantastic that his name is attached to the award for obvious reasons," Hoffman said. "He was a tremendous humanitarian, servicing his people. It's just an honor to be one of the guys in line for possibly getting the award." Fans can participate in the selection process of the overall winner of the award through Oct. 5. The fan-ballot winner will be tallied as one vote among those cast by a special selection panel of baseball dignitaries and media members. The panel includes MLB Commissioner Bud Selig and Vera Clemente, widow of the Pirates' Hall of Fame right fielder. The winner will be announced during the World Series. Retired Astros outfielder Craig Biggio was last year's recipient of the award, and Padres Hall of Famer Tony Gwynn won the award in 1999. Hoffman is clearly deserving of the award, as his fingerprints can be found on various charities and programs throughout San Diego County. He has been involved with the local chapter of the National Kidney Foundation, and Rady Children's Hospital Nephrology, since 1996. Through the foundation, Hoffman hosts Trevor's Kidney Kids to a special baseball experience. The children come early to watch batting practice, visit with Hoffman and get autographs and pictures. Then Hoffman and his wife, Tracy, provide their personal dugout seats so the kids can watch the game from some of the best seats in the stadium. Hoffman also provides those seats to wounded military personnel, military families and other charities. His guests get goodie bags that include a signed item from Hoffman. This season, 215 dugout seats have been donated. And since PETCO Park opened in 2004, the Hoffmans have donated over 900 dugout seats to charities and other individuals. "They've all been special, especially the Kidney Kids I deal with," Hoffman said. "The military families that we've helped are equally as important. Everybody has a special story. Everybody touches your heart in their own special way. It's a great opportunity to give back." Hoffman has a great relationship with Rady's, as he visits children throughout the year, participates in fund-raisers that benefit the hospital and participates in the hospital's annual Celebration of Champions event that celebrates the lives of kids battling cancer. In Spring of 2008, Hoffman donated 100 portable Sony PlayStation units for the playrooms at Rady's. Hoffman has donated to education and literacy programs both individually and through the Padres, including the Padres Scholars Program, which funds $7,000 scholarships toward the future college educations of middle-school students in financial need. Whatever it is, Hoffman has proven over his tenure with the Padres to be a selfless, charitable and community-conscious athlete who is willing to give his time and resources to those in need. And whenever he decides to call it quits, among his litany of accomplishments on the field, his work off of it will be remembered just the same. "I think they'll be special in the sense that you've had the opportunity to use your platform as a pro athlete and as someone in our community to brighten somebody's day up a little bit," Hoffman said, "and to give back in a way is needed."
Ronald P. Clark is an associate reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Select Sheds & Fencing41 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Select fencing supplies offers a great quality of work , also at great prices . The sort of work we carry out -fencing -driveways / patios -tree felling / pruning - custom made sheds to order - garden maintenance ( grass cutting ) - driveway cleaning
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By chris_27wi on 18th Aug, 2017
Rose & English40 Feedback reviews, 95% positive
hi I'm Andy I'm 37 years of age and started out in 1996 I done my apprenticeship with George wimpy builders and gained NVQ 1-2 during this time I worked on various sites learning various trades this continued after I left until 2002 I joined a National flooring company ...
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By thisishawthorne on 8th Jan, 2018
OLTON ROOFING & CONSTRUCTION133 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Hi, Brad & Wayne here. we have been in the roofing and property repairs business for some 14+ years, Our prices are fair,but sometimes not the cheapest as we do prefer to use quality materials and focus on good workmanship and customer satisfaction.We strive to be on-time...
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By pam_553 on 19th Jan, 2018
SG Property Maintenance50 Feedback reviews, 98% positive
Family run business with 20 years trading. Manufacture, supply and fit of all types of fencing, wooden gates and garage doors. We cater for the domestic and commercial markets.
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By user_1td4 on 13th Dec, 2017
BS Garden Installations17 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
BS garden installation your fence & gate Specialist's for all your garden make over needs including fencing patios slabbing turfing decking over 10 years of experience I believe in building a relationships with my customers & really listen to there needs and wants in order...
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By mew_44 on 21st Jan, 2018
Gilberts Landscaping66 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
At Gilberts Landscaping we offer a friendly, professional and reliable service covering all types of landscaping; from very small jobs to complete garden makeovers and everything in between.
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By lynn_890 on 18th Feb, 2016
Local Building & Maintenance10 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Hello and welcome to Local Building & Maintenance. My name is Phil owner of LB&M and if you're thinking of a new Fence, Painting the Spare room or maintenance work that you don't have time for, then call me, I'm fully qualified, insured and will do all work to all specs &...
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By danmsaunders on 20th Oct, 2017
Mason Repairs29 Feedback reviews, 97% positive
we do you jobs you don't want to.. There is no job to small we pride ourselves on doing the best job possible for a fair fee ...
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By lacey_49 on 7th Jul, 2017
P&D Builders18 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
I am a builder of 25 years in the building trade. I pride myself in being honest and reliable. I undertake all aspects of building work including garage conversions,extensions, plastering, roofing etc. I do gardening which involves slabbing, decking and fencing. References...
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By pete_926 on 19th Jun, 2016
Towncountrygardens10 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
We are skilled experienced gardeners who deal with all aspects of garden maintenance; we provide a quality garden service to residential, domestic and commercial properties. We also repair & service garden machinery
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By aitch_10 on 29th May, 2016
Handy Man/Odd Job Man32 Feedback reviews, 97% positive
I'm a good, clean trustworthy tradesman with over 25 years experience in multi trades from timber restoration to fixing a leek. In my 25 years I have worked for some of the largest companies in the UK including Mitie, Seddon, Novus, Bell, Dudley council and many more. Now...
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By chrissym_17 on 25th Jul, 2016
Hewitts paving and landscapes41 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Hi my name is Steve and I have over ten years experience in the private sector. I always have the customer's satisfaction in mind as your satisfaction ensures my future. No work is ever done without verifying with the customer, my motto is do it once and do it right! I hope...
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By alan_930 on 22nd Mar, 2017
M Fee Construction14 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
We are a family run business with combined skills in various trades where your requirements and satisfaction are utmost to us so you will use us time and time again.From mini digger hire /Groundwork contractors.
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By ray_243 on 6th Dec, 2017
Waltons49 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Here at Waltons Property Solutions we provide a top quality property maintenance and refurbishment service. Working alongside various landlords and estate agents, as well as businesses and the general public, we strive to achieve only the best finish in a tidy, efficient and...
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By catz_98 on 7th Jul, 2017
gd building maintenance45 Feedback reviews, 98% positive
Hi im Garry an i would like to quote for you're work, i have thirty years experience as a builder, maintenance engineer, and will always be competitive with my quotes.
Latest Fencing feedback review:
By janis123 on 13th May, 2017
Need a tradesman?
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1. Post a job
First, create a job listing for your fencing project. It's quick, easy and free - the first step to finding recommended fencers in B43, Birmingham.
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After your project is successfully completed, you can leave a review for your fencers. This review helps you and future MyBuilder users.
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Tradesmen in B43, Birmingham
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text:
Man Dies 3 Days After Being Injured in Crash
A 51-year-old man has died three days after he was injured in a crash off an icy rural highway in south-central Nebraska.
Tommy Wheeler died Saturday at Good Samaritan hospital in Kearney.
The Harlan County Sheriff's Office said Wheeler was driving on Nebraska Highway 46 about two miles north of Oxford when he lost control of his pickup on the slick roadway.
The truck slid into a roadside ditch, struck a fence and rolled.
Wheeler was taken to Phelps Memorial Hospital in Holdrege and then to Good Samaritan.


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One of the UK's longest-running publishers talks about where Vita went wrong.
Jesus Christ.
Is it dead? Damn. It didn't have the easiest start for vita, but it'll pick up after some time. People need to realize this. I don't care if it takes 5 years or what. It sure as hell is gonna last a long time because of its capabilities.
People losing hope for vita is just depressing. smh.
Its hard to support both a console and a handheld. The crappy COD and Resistance really hurt them.
The ps4 is more important to them financially because of the added revenue streams as compared to the handheld. It will be interesting to see what impact the vita TV ha.s
Ipad and doubters damaged the vita which launched with awesome games that everybody just assumed didnt exist.
Consequently people like studio Liverpool went out of business waiting and my favourite Sony exclusive (wipEout) was cancelled for ps4.
In conclusion, you all suck. :)
The vita so far has been one of the worst mishandled systems I have ever seen.
It's the best portable system out there yet sony clearly refuse to market the thing no matter what. Most people out there still don't even know this thing exists.


text:
Daniel McAdams
Lew Rockwell Blog
Jan 16, 2013
Sarkozy's France was the first to recognize the Libyan rebels as the legitimate government of Libya, long before NATO bombs completed the overthrow. Without France's determination to overthrow Libya's Gaddafi by force, the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, an ally of al-Qaeda, would not have had a prayer to take over Libya. Thanks to France, primarily, they were successful.
France under Hollande became the first Western country to recognize the Syrian rebels as the legitimate government of Syria, despite the fact that theonly effective fighting force among the rebels is the Al Nusra front, an ally of al Qaeda. France has taken the lead among Western nations in arguing for direct Western arming of these Islamist rebels in Syria.
France now claims it must launch a full-fledged invasion of Mali because there is a danger that al-Qaeda Islamists will over-run that strategic African country. Does that not seem rather a stretch?
The United States, incapable of allowing a military intervention to pass by without jumping on board, dutifully followed France in the Libya debacle, blowback from which was responsible for the re-igniting of the Touareg rebellion in Mali. France, with the US providing communication and drone power, now expands the Libya intervention to Mali in attempt to end the series of events it unleashed with the Libya intervention.
The Touareg rebellion, however, is not Islamist of the al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) variety and in fact the Islamic connection may well be a convenient bit of propaganda by both the eager French government and the shaky and opportunistic political leadership in Bamako.
What do the Touaregs have that is causing such stirring in France's colonial loins? France is dependent on nuclear power for 75 percent of its energy needs. The larger African region inhabited by the Touareg, including particular in Niger, contains tons and tons of that substance that brings back memories of the Bush administration's Iraq lies: uranium.
As the above linked article points out:
Stefan Simanowitz wrote in 2009: "A key reason that the government in Mali and Niger are not keen to give the Tuareg greater autonomy is that the areas that they inhabit are home to vast natural resources with the world third largest uranium reserves as well as substantial oil reserves." He pointed out that French mining company Areva, had lost its almost complete exclusive right to Niger's uranium. This could easily explain why France could not afford to lose Mali as well.
We recall that the Libyan rebels promised France 35 percent of the country's crude oil in exchange for French assistance in overthrowing Gaddafi.
But the insanity of the "war on terror" is that whenever a naked resource grab or land grab needs a bit of cover, one only need scream "Islamists" or "terrorism" and the Western world jumps into action while the propagandized citizens scream for blood. And elsewhere the bodies of the innocents line up, mile after mile, and hatred grows.
This article was posted: Wednesday, January 16, 2013 at 5:48 am


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§1. The theory of the effect of accumulation on profits, laid down in the preceding chapter, materially alters many of the practical conclusions which might otherwise be supposed to follow from the general principles of Political Economy, and which were, indeed, long admitted as true by the highest authorities on the subject.
It must greatly abate, or rather, altogether destroy, in countries where profits are low, the immense importance which used to be attached by political economists to the effects which an event or a measure of government might have in adding to or subtracting from the capital of the country. We have now seen that the lowness of profits is a proof that the spirit of accumulation is so active, and that the increase of capital has proceeded at so rapid a rate, as to outstrip the two counter-agencies, improvements in production, and increased supply of cheap necessaries from abroad: and that unless a considerable portion of the annual increase of capital were either periodically destroyed, or exported for foreign investment, the country would speedily attain the point at which further accumulation would cease, or at least spontaneously slacken, so as no longer to overpass the march of invention in the arts which produce the necessaries of life. In such a state of things as this, a sudden addition to the capital of the country, unaccompanied by any increase of productive power, would be but of transitory duration; since by depressing profits and interest, it would either diminish by a corresponding amount the savings which would be made from income in the year or two following, or it would cause an equivalent amount to be sent abroad, or to be wasted in rash speculations. Neither, on the other hand, would a sudden abstraction of capital, unless of inordinate amount, have any real effect in impoverishing the country. After a few months or years, there would exist in the country just as much capital as if none had been taken away. The abstraction, by raising profits and interest, would give a fresh stimulus to the accumulative principle, which would speedily fill up the vacuum. Probably, indeed, the only effect that would ensue, would be that for some time afterwards less capital would be exported, and less thrown away in hazardous speculation.
In the first place, then, this view of things greatly weakens, in a wealthy and industrious country, the force of the economical argument against the expenditure of public money for really valuable, even though industriously unproductive, purposes. If for any great object of justice or philanthropic policy, such as the industrial regeneration of Ireland, or a comprehensive measure of colonization or of public education, it were proposed to raise a large sum by way of loan, politicians need not demur to the abstraction of so much capital, as tending to dry up the permanent sources of the country's wealth, and diminish the fund which supplies the subsistence of the labouring population. The utmost expense which could be requisite for any of these purposes, would not in all probability deprive one labourer of employment, or diminish the next year's production by one ell of cloth or one bushel of grain. In poor countries, the capital of the country requires the legislator's sedulous care; he is bound to be most cautious of encroaching upon it, and should favour to the utmost its accumulation at home, and its introduction from abroad. But in rich, populous, and highly cultivated countries, it is not capital which is the deficient element, but fertile land; and what the legislator should desire and promote, is not a greater aggregate saving, but a greater return to savings, either by improved cultivation, or by access to the produce of more fertile lands in other parts of the globe. In such countries, the government may take any moderate portion of the capital of the country and expend it as revenue, without affecting the national wealth: the whole being either drawn from that portion of the annual savings which would otherwise be sent abroad, or being subtracted from the unproductive expenditure of individuals for the next year or two, since every million spent makes room for another million to be saved before reaching the overflowing point. When the object in view is worth the sacrifice of such an amount of the expenditure that furnishes the daily enjoyments of the people, the only well-grounded economical objection against taking the necessary funds directly from capital, consists of the inconveniences attending the process of raising a revenue by taxation, to pay the interest of a debt.
The same considerations enable us to throw aside as unworthy of regard, one of the common arguments against emigration as a means of relief for the labouring class. Emigration, it is said, can do no good to the labourers, if, in order to defray the cost, as much must be taken away from the capital of the country as from its population. That anything like this proportion could require to be abstracted from capital for the purpose even of the most extensive colonization, few, I should think, would now assert: but even on that untenable supposition, it is an error to suppose that no benefit would be conferred on the labouring class. If one-tenth of the labouring people of England were transferred to the colonies, and along with them one-tenth of the circulating capital of the country, either wages, or profits, or both, would be greatly benefited, by the diminished pressure of capital and population upon the fertility of the land. There would be a reduced demand for food: the inferior arable lands would be thrown out of cultivation, and would become pasture; the superior would be cultivated less highly, but with a greater proportional return; food would be lowered in price, and though money wages would not rise, every labourer would be considerably improved in circumstances, an improvement which, if no increased stimulus to population and fall of wages ensued, would be permanent; while if there did, profits would rise, and accumulation start forward so as to repair the loss of capital. The landlords alone would sustain some loss of income; and even they, only if colonization went to the length of actually diminishing capital and population, but not if it merely carried off the annual increase.
§2. From the same principles we are now able to arrive at a final conclusion respecting the effects which machinery, and generally the sinking of capital for a productive purpose, produce upon the immediate and ultimate interests of the labouring class. The characteristic property of this class of industrial improvements is the conversion of circulating capital into fixed: and it was shown in the first Book, that in a country where capital accumulates slowly, the introduction of machinery, permanent improvements of land, and the like, might be, for the time, extremely injurious; since the capital so employed might be directly taken from the wages fund, the subsistence of the people and the employment for labour curtailed, and the gross annual produce of the country actually diminished. But in a country of great annual savings and low profits, no such effects need be apprehended. Since even the emigration of capital, or its unproductive expenditure, or its absolute waste, do not in such a country, if confined within any moderate bounds, at all diminish the aggregate amount of the wages fund — still less can the mere conversion of a like sum into fixed capital, which continues to be productive, have that effect. It merely draws off at one orifice what was already flowing out at another; or if not, the greater vacant space left in the reservoir does but cause a greater quantity to flow in. Accordingly, in spite of the mischievous derangements of the money-market which were at one time occasioned by the sinking of great sums in railways, I was never able to agree with those who apprehended mischief, from this source, to the productive resources of the country. Not on the absurd ground (which to any one acquainted with the elements of the subject needs no confutation) that railway expenditure is a mere transfer of capital from hand to hand, by which nothing is lost or destroyed. This is true of what is spent in the purchase of the land; a portion too of what is paid to parliamentary agents, counsel, engineers, and surveyors, is saved by those who receive it, and becomes capital again: but what is laid out in the bona fide construction of the railway itself, is lost and gone; when once expended, it is incapable of ever being paid in wages or applied to the maintenance of labourers again; as a matter of account, the result is that so much food and clothing and tools have been consumed, and the country has got a railway instead. But what I would urge is, that sums so applied are mostly a mere appropriation of the annual overflowing which would otherwise have gone abroad, or been thrown away unprofitably, leaving neither a railway nor any other tangible result. The railway gambling of 1844 and 1845 probably saved the country from a depression of profits and interest, and a rise of all public and private securities, which would have engendered still wilder speculations, and when the effects came afterwards to be complicated by the scarcity of food, would have ended in a still more formidable crisis than was experienced in the years immediately following. In the poorer countries of Europe, the rage for railway construction might have had worse consequences than in England, were it not that in those countries such enterprises are in a great measure carried on by foreign capital. The railway operations of the various nations of the world may be looked upon as a sort of competition for the overflowing capital of the countries where profit is low and capital abundant, as England and Holland. The English railway speculations are a struggle to keep our annual increase of capital at home; those of foreign countries are an effort to obtain it.1
It already appears from these considerations, that the conversion of circulating capital into fixed, whether by railways, or manufactories, or ships, or machinery, or canals, or mines, or works of drainage and irrigation, is not likely, in any rich country, to diminish the gross produce or the amount of employment for labour. How much then is the case strengthened, when we consider that these transformations of capital are of the nature of improvements in production, which, instead of ultimately diminishing circulating capital, are the necessary conditions of its increase, since they alone enable a country to possess a constantly augmenting capital without reducing profits to the rate which would cause accumulation to stop. There is hardly any increase of fixed capital which does not enable the country to contain eventually a larger circulating capital, than it otherwise could possess and employ within its own limits; for there is hardly any creation of fixed capital which, when it proves successful, does not cheapen the articles on which wages are habitually expended. All capital sunk in the permanent improvement of land, lessens the cost of food and materials; almost all improvements in machinery cheapen the labourer's clothing or lodging, or the tools with which these are made; improvements in locomotion, such as railways, cheapen to the consumer all things which are brought from a distance. All these improvements make the labourers better off with the same money wages, better off if they do not increase their rate of multiplication. But if they do, and wages consequently fall, at least profits rise, and, while accumulation receives an immediate stimulus, room is made for a greater amount of capital before a sufficient motive arises for sending it abroad. Even the improvements which do not cheapen the things consumed by the labourer, and which, therefore, do not raise profits nor retain capital in the country, nevertheless, as we have seen, by lowering the minimum of profit for which people will ultimately consent to save, leave an ampler margin than previously for eventual accumulation, before arriving at the stationary state.
We may conclude, then, that improvements in production, and emigration of capital to the more fertile soils and unworked mines of the uninhabited or thinly peopled parts of the globe, do not, as appears to a superficial view, diminish the gross produce and the demand for labour at home; but, on the contrary, are what we have chiefly to depend on for increasing both, and are even the necessary conditions of any great or prolonged augmentation of either. Nor is it any exaggeration to say, that within certain, and not very narrow, limits, the more capital a country like England expends in these two ways, the more she will have left.
1 It is hardly needful to point out how fully the remarks in the text have been verified by subsequent facts. The capital of the country, far from having been in any degree impaired by the large amount sunk in railway construction, was soon again overflowing.
Last updated Sunday, March 27, 2016 at 11:57


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Tursunov, ranked 44th, worked his way through the qualifying tournament just to reach the main draw and has now won six straight matches.
Tursunov also defeated Ferrer earlier in the year, at the Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell, a clay court tournament, in April in their only previous meeting.
The 30-year-old Russian needed just over an hour to dispense with Ferrer in a dominating performance. Tursunov won 78 percent of his first serves, including six aces.
Argentina's Juan Martin Del Porto, seeded seventh, beat Feliciano Lopez, 6-4, 1-6, 6-4, to advance tpo the quarterfinal, where he will meet Tursunov on Friday.
Tursunov defeated American James Blake, 6-4, 6-4, in the second round on Wednesday.
Three Stanford products were scheduled to play in doubles matches Thursday night. Bob Bryan and Mike Bryan, the world's top-ranked doubles team, were scheduled to meet France's Jeremy Chardy and Richard Gasquet while Scott Lipsky, with teammate Santiago Gonzalez advanced in the doubles tournament, beating sixth-seeded Robert Lindstedt (Sweden) and Daniel Nestor (Canada), 7-6, 6-4, on Wednesday.
In other news, Stanford sophomore Nolan Paige and Menlo School grad Andrew Ball each has a chance to qualify for a wild card at the U.S. Open.
They will participate at the U.S. Open National Playoffs, which is run concurrently with the New Haven Open on the campus of Yale University beginning Friday.
Ball, who will be attending Harvard in the fall, drew a first-round bye and will meet the winner of a match between Paige and Tony Larson in the second round.
Ball qualified for the tournament by winning an event in Salinas. Paige made it to the playoffs with a tournament win at Yale.
"Nolan had a good fall but then he lost some close matches and maybe his confidence wavered a little bit," Stanford coach John Whitlinger said. "This summer he has been working hard and I look for him to have a really good year."
Menlo College grad Jimmy Bosco and Palo Alto's B.J. Boyd rejoined their respective teams in the New York-Penn League this weekend with a new title: all-star.
The two athletes were on different sides of the National League affiliates vs. the American League affiliates on Tuesday night at Dodd Memorial Stadium in Norwich, Conn.
Bosco may have had the better game but Boyd played for the winning team.
Bosco, a member of the State College Spikes, the Single-A affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals, entered the game as a pinch hitter and singled and doubled in his two plate appearances. He played right field. Bosco, named to the all-star team as a reserve, is hitting .282 on the year.
The American All-Star Team scored twice in the bottom of the ninth to earn the 4-3 victory. Boyd, with the Vermont Lake Monsters, an affiliate of the Oakland Athletics, was voted in as a starter for the AL. He went 0 for 2.
Boyd, hitting .320 on the season for the Lake Monsters, started in the No. 3 spot in the batting order and played left field.
Men's water polo
Stanford junior Bret Bonanni scored six goals to help the United States junior national team beat Italy, 19-6, in the FINA junior world championships in Szombathely, Hungary on Thursday.
The Americans meet Italy in Friday's quarterfinal.
Stanford's Alex Bowen and Adam Abdulhemid are also playing for the U.S.
Women's golf
Stanford freshman Casey Danielson came from two holes down with four to play to half her singles match play round with England's Georgia Hall to help Team beat Team Europe, 14 1/2 to 9 1/2 in PING Junior Solheim Cup action at the Inverness Hotel and Golf Club in Englewood, Colo. on Wednesday.
Danielson and Hall led off the singles competition, with Hall taking a quick 1 up lead on the first hole. Hall never trailed, though Danielson squared things on the 16th hole with a birdie to Hall's bogey.
Hall and Danielson each hit par on the 17th hole and each birdied on the 18th hole as the U.S. won the Cup for the third year.
The teams were tied at 6-6 following the first day of action Tuesday. Danielson and Hall were one of three halved matches and the U.S. won seven of the matches.
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Some Closure to the Todd English Jilted Bride Saga
Remember last fall when celebrity chef Todd English left his fiancee Erica Wang at the altar and she later turned herself in on abuse charges? That was fun. Now English is finally talking about it.
When asked by Slash/Food reporter Allen Salkin about the story, English says Salkin "reads too much Page Six." (Is there such a thing?) English goes on to say that the paper's account "wasn't the true story behind it," but doesn't offer much detail. He does say that he hasn't talked to Wang since the incident and that he didn't leave her on her own to pay the pricey tab for their wedding reception (where Wang ended up partying with her family). "There was no stiffing going on," he says, which might explain why he didn't show up on his wedding day in the first place. English admits it was a "sad time in [his] life," but he would still get married. He would love to propose to fellow food show host Giada De Laurentiis, who he has a crush on. Watch out, girl, this groom likes to run!


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KSAM 101.7 / Varsity Playing
by Larry Crippen on Oct 15, 2013
Tonight, Alpha Omega Academy and Convenant Christian School Girls' Volleyball teams will be playing at the Johnson Coliseum. Doors open at 6 PM with the Junior Varsity playing at 6:30 and the Varsity Playing at…
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In his debut bestseller Marley & Me,
John Grogan showed how a dog can become an
extraordinary presence in the life of one family. Now in this highly
anticipated follow-up, Grogan works his magic bringing us the true story of what came first...
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Ten Days on Isle Royale
Mon, 19 Sep 2011
If you were to fly to Detroit and then get in a car and drive due north, you would arrive five hours later at the Mackinac Bridge, a giant graceful span connecting Michigan's upper and lower peninsulas. If you continued across the bridge and northwest from there another six hours, you would arrive at the tip of an isolated point of land that juts into Lake Superior's vastness. From there if you continued by water for another three hours, you would arrive at one of the planet's little known but most precious gems, Isle Royale National Park.
Isle Royale is the country's least visited national park, and for good reason: It's so ridiculously hard to get there. The wave-tossed boat ride over is infamous for forcing passengers to surrender their breakfasts over the rail. But the remoteness is key to the charm. There are no cars, no crowds, no (well, few) conveniences. I just returned from 11 days of backpacking on Isle Royale with my good friend, Pete Kelly, and I can say it was worth the logistical hurdles.
Pete and I have been backpacking together since we were undergraduates at Central Michigan University in the 1970s. Last year we spent a week on a backcountry trail in the mountains of central Pennsylvania. But this trip was extra special, something we have been talking about for the past thirty years.
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Topics :: GLBT health care
1 thru 10 of 36 Stories
HIV and PrEP Stigma Affect LGBT Health Care
Together, stigma and the lack of cultural competence training for healthcare providers contribute to serious health disparities for LGBT individuals.
D.C. Council Passes Health Care Cultural Competency Bill
The D.C. Council approved a first-of-its-kind bill that would require all licensed, certified and registered health care professionals to undergo cultural competency training on health challenges that specifically affect members of the LGBT community.
Doctor Refuses Treatment for Lesbian Couple's Baby
A Michigan lesbian couple has finally received a reply from a doctor who refused to treat their baby girl last fall because it was incompatible with her personal and religious beliefs.
HRC Demands End to LGBT Discrimination at Hospitals
The HRC's new reports reveals that LGBT Americans are still facing discrimination in health care. They demand that facilities adopt inclusive non-discrimination policies.
Former HHS Head Sebelius Accepts LGBT Medical Professionals Award
On Thursday, September 11, the Honorable Kathleen Sebelius, 21st U.S. Secretary of Health & Human Services, will be honored with the GLMA Achievement Award during GLMA's 32nd Annual Conference in Baltimore, MD.
International Medical Manual Entering the Late 20th Century?
Break out your platform glitter shoes: The World Health Organization might just be preparing to party like it's 1973.
Health-Care Fears Loom Large in Gay Marriage Cases
Dozens of same-sex couples are challenging Indiana's and Wisconsin's gay marriage bans in a case being heard Tuesday in the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Chicago. Looming large in the case is the issue of medical emergencies they face.
The State of Transgender Healthcare
I've yet to meet a gay or lesbian person who needed to be treated medically for their sexual orientation. But many, if not most, transgender people require medical treatment to find some sense of relief and comfort with their bodies.
Mass. Legislators Approve Funding for Prostate Health Awareness
On June 30, The Massachusetts' House of Representatives and Senate created a new education and awareness program dedicated to prostate cancer.
HHC Launches First LGBT Health Clinic, in Harlem
On June 5, HHCs Metropolitan Hospital Center in East Harlem opened its new LGBT Health Center, which aims to better serve and remove barriers to care for New York City's LGBT populations.
1 thru 10 of 36 Stories


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Athleticism the key for Padres on Day 1
Third baseman Antonelli leads solid group of draft picks
By Lyle Spencer / MLB.com
"There's some pitching there we like too -- two of the top college left-handers in the draft in LeBlanc and Culp. That was a need for us as well."Cooper, a right-handed-hitting first baseman who throws left-handed, came in the seventh round, No. 213. At 6-foot-2 and 220 pounds, he has the size Fuson covets and has shown the ability to take the ball deep. The same profile fits Freese, a 23-year-old third baseman from the University of South Alabama taken with the ninth-round pick, No. 273 overall. In the eighth round at No. 243, the Padres tabbed a 5-foot-10, 190-pound shortstop from Troy State (Ala.) University, a "guy with good actions in the field who has some strength for a 5-foot-10 player." Scouting director Bill "Chief" Gayton, the club's point man in the scouting department, has an affinity for college players from solid programs and backgrounds. Antonelli, LeBlanc, Culp and right-handers Andrew Underwood (fifth round, 153 overall) and Timothy Bascom (sixth round, 183) fit that profile. Underwood was highly successful at Fresno State, and Bascom consistently got hitters out with four pitches at the University of Central Florida. The focus early in the 2005 draft was on pitching, with Miami's Cesar Carrillo and Long Beach State's Cesar Ramos the first two picks. Both are performing capably in the system. Carrillo is recovering from forearm soreness at Triple-A Portland, but is expected to make the leap to San Diego soon, perhaps before the end of the 2006 season. In the back end of the first day of the proceedings, Fuson went for a couple of high-profile prep players who are believed to be tough players to sign: right-handed pitcher Matthew Latos, from Florida, and shortstop Grant Green, from Canyon, Calif. "Latos throws real hard, up to 98 at times," Fuson said of the University of Oklahoma signee. "He's a little raw, but he might have as good an arm as we've seen in this draft. We'll see where it goes with him, and also with Green, a pure shortstop with a high offensive ceiling."
Green has committed to the University of Southern California.The complete draft list:
1. (17) 3B Matt Antonelli, Wake Forest University: "Very athletic third baseman, well above-average runner, good instincts in the field, a good hitter with a great idea." -- FusonComp. round (35) OF Kyler Burke, Ooltewah (Tenn.) High School: "Big upside. Potential power hitter with strength, a nice swing, a clue of the strike zone." -- Fuson 2. (53) 2B/OF Chad Huffman, Texas Christian University: "Big, strong guy with pop. I look at him as a left fielder and second baseman." -- Fuson
2. (61) LHP Wade LeBlanc, University of Alabama -- Tuscaloosa: "Not overpowering. An athlete with a good feel. Undefeated this season in good competition." -- Fuson
3. (93) OF Cedric Hunter, Martin Luther King High School, Atlanta, Ga.: "A Milton Bradley type player. Very good athlete with a chance to be an offensive player in the middle of the field. High energy, good instincts." -- Fuson
4. (123) LHP Nathanial Culp, University of Missouri Columbia: "Similar to LeBlanc. Good athlete who was very successful at the college level. Doesn't have LeBlanc's curveball, but throws a cutter and changeup and holds the running game down as well as anyone I've seen this year." -- Fuson
5. (153) RHP Andrew Underwood, Fresno State University: "Good breaking ball and changeup, a 6-foot-5 guy who knows how to win games." -- Fuson
6. (183) RHP Timothy Bascom, University of Central Florida: "Similar to Underwood. A little violent in his delivery. Needs to smooth it out. Good stuff." -- Fuson
7. (213) 1B Craig Cooper, University of Notre Dame: "Big guy with some power and discipline. The only negative is he hits right-handed and throws lefty. Can play first or left." -- Fuson
8. (243) SS Thomas King, Troy University: "Athletic kid who can run. Good actions in the field, and has some strength for a 5-foot-10 player." -- Fuson9. (273) 3B David Freese, University of South Alabama: "Fifth-year senior. Big, strong guy with upside. A little rough at third but I think he has the hands to get it done." -- Fuson 10. (303) C Kody Valverde, University of Alabama Tuscaloosa: "Tough kid who receives well with fringey arm. He can hit." -- Fuson 11. (333) RHP Matthew Latos, Coconut Creek High School (Fla.): "Intriguing kid with a live arm. Wanted a lot of money. We'll see what happens." -- Fuson 12. (363) RHP Stephen Faris, Clemson University: "Nothing but a winner. No. 1 guy at Clemson, won big in the ACC." -- Fuson 13. (393) CF Michael Epping, University of New Orleans: "A Jacque Jones looking guy. Steals bases, has patience at the plate, can play all three outfield spots. We're going to work on him in center field." -- Fuson 14. (423) SS Grant Green, Canyon (Calif.) High School: "High-profile guy like Latos. His demands were high for most clubs; that's why he slipped. We just wanted to get our arms around him and see where it goes. He's a pure shortstop with a high offensive ceiling." -- Fuson 15. (453) RHP Matthew Buschmann, Vanderbilt University: "Workhorse. Nothing overpowering, but three pitches he can locate." -- Fuson 16. (483) 2B Raymond Stokes, Cal State East Bay (formerly Hayward): "Little scatback. Can really run. Contact hitter who turns a double play, with a chance to be an exciting player." -- Fuson 17. (513) RHP Tyler Mead, Skyview (Wash.) High School: "Raw high school kid from Seattle with life in his arm." -- Fuson 18. (542) RF Garner Wetzel, Milsaps (Miss.) College: "Corner outfielder from a small school. Incredible numbers there with power, walks, and 91 RBIs -- in a college season." -- Fuson
Lyle Spencer is a reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of common headaches.
What Are Tension-Type Headaches?
Tension-type headaches are the most common type of headache, accounting for about half of all headaches. The pain is usually mild-to-moderate in intensity, with a steady pressing or tightening quality (like a vise being squeezed around the head). The headache is not accompanied by nausea or vomiting, and the pain is not increased by routine physical activity such as walking or climbing stairs. A tension-type headache attack can last anywhere from 30 minutes to an entire week.
Who Gets Tension-Type Headaches?
Women are more likely to get tension-type headaches than men. Nearly everyone will have at least one tension-type headache at some point in their lives. Many people who have migraine headaches also have tension-type headaches.
What Is The Difference Between Tension-Type Headaches and Migraine Headaches?
Migraines and tension headaches have some similar characteristics, but also some important differences:
Treatment of tension-type headache focuses on relieving pain when attacks occur, and preventing recurrence of attacks. Most tension-type headache attacks respond to simple over-the-counter pain relievers such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, generic), or naproxen (Aleve, generic).
Patients who have two or more tension-type headache attacks each month should talk to their doctors about preventive therapy. This may include a tricyclic antidepressant, such as amitriptyline (Elavil, generic), combined with behavioral therapies. Behavioral treatment approaches include relaxation therapy, biofeedback, stress management, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Most people have had headaches. There are many different kinds of headaches, and they range from being an infrequent annoyance to a persistent, severe, and disabling medical condition.
Brain tissue itself does not generate sensations of pain, so the brain is not what hurts when you have a headache. Rather, the pain occurs in some of the following locations:
Doctors categorize headaches as either primary or secondary. The category helps to distinguish the many different kinds of headaches and to determine right treatments for each.
A headache is considered primary when it is not caused by another medical condition or disease. Most primary headaches fall into three main types: tension-type, migraine, and cluster headaches.
Headaches are usually caused by muscle tension, vascular problems, or both.
Secondary headaches are caused by other medical conditions, such as sinus infections, neck injuries, and strokes. About 2% of headaches are secondary to abnormalities or infections in the nasal or sinus passages, and they are commonly referred to as sinus headaches.
Chronic daily headaches are defined as any benign headache that occurs at least 15 days a month and is not associated with a serious neurologic abnormality. Most people with these headaches have them daily or almost daily and they can be quite debilitating.
Chronic daily headaches can begin as tension headaches, migraines, or a combination of these or other headache types. Chronic daily headaches are subdivided into two categories:
Tension-type headaches, also called muscle contraction headaches or simply tension headaches, are the most common of all headaches. They are classified into four types:
Doctors are not sure what causes tension headaches. Although they once thought that tension-type headaches were primarily due to muscle contractions, this theory has largely been discounted. Instead, researchers think that tension-type headaches occur due to an interaction of several factors that involve pain sensitivity and perception, as well as the role of brain chemicals (neurotransmitters).
Genetic factors are likely be involved in chronic tension-type headache, whereas environmental factors (physical and psychological stress) may play a role in the physiologic processes involved with episodic tension-type headache.
Research indicates that patients with tension-type headache may have abnormalities in the central nervous system, which increase their sensitivity to pain. The central nervous system includes the nerves in the brain and spine.
Tension-type headaches may also be linked to myofascial trigger points in the neck and shoulder muscles. Myofascial pain involves the fascia (connective tissue) and muscles. Trigger points are knots in the muscle tissue that can cause tightness, weakness, and intense pain in various areas of the body. For example, a trigger point in the shoulder may result in headache.
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the brain. Several types of neurotransmitters affect how the brain reacts to pain stimulation. In particular, serotonin (also called 5-HT) and nitric oxide are thought to be involved in these chemical changes. Release of these chemicals may activate nerve pathways in the brain, muscles, or elsewhere and increase pain.
In addition to stress, many different factors can trigger or aggravate tension-type headaches.
Medication and Substance Overuse. About a third of persistent headaches -- whether chronic migraine or tension-type -- are medication-overuse headaches. These are the result of a rebound effect caused by the regular overuse of headache medications. Nearly any type of headache medication can produce this effect. Headaches can also occur after withdrawing from caffeine, nicotine, or alcohol.
Poor Posture and Work Conditions. Working or sleeping in an awkward position can contribute to posture problems (especially those that affect muscles in neck and shoulders) that trigger headaches. Eyestrain caused by overwork can also play a role.
Fatigue. Lack of sleep and tiredness from overwork are also headache triggers.
Foods and Beverages. Rapid consumption of ice cream or other very cold foods or beverages is the most common trigger of sudden headache pain, which may be prevented by warming the food or drink for a few seconds in the front of the mouth before swallowing. (However, ice cream headaches are not tension headaches.) Not eating on time is also a trigger for headache.
Physical Activity. Intense physical exertion (including athletics or sexual activity) as well as lack of physical activity can trigger headaches. However, tension-type headache pain is not worsened by routine physical activity.
Dental Problems. Jaw clenching or teeth grinding, especially during sleep, are signs of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ, also known as TMD). TMJ pain can occur in the ear, cheek, temples, neck, or shoulders. This condition often coexists with chronic tension headache. Some patients with TMJ may see improvement in tension-type headaches from procedures or exercise therapies that specifically address the dental condition.
Physical Trauma. Whiplash or head or neck injury can lead to headaches.
Hormonal Changes. Hormonal changes, such as those that occur during the menstrual cycle or perimenopause, can affect headache occurrence.
About 90% of people seeking help for headaches have a primary headache. The rest are secondary headaches, caused by an underlying disorder that produces headache as a symptom. More than 300 conditions can cause headaches. These can range from sinus conditions to brain tumor. While fear of brain tumor is common among people with headaches, headache is almost never the first or only sign of a tumor. Changes in personality and mental functioning, vomiting, seizures, and other symptoms are more likely to appear first.
Tension-type headaches are the most common type of headache. Nearly everyone has at least one tension-type headache during their lifetime. Episodic tension-type headaches are far more common than chronic tension-type headaches.
Gender. Tension-type headaches are more common among women than men.
Age. Tension-type headaches are most likely to occur among people in their 40s. They tend to occur less as people become older.
Headaches are rare before age 4 but become more common throughout childhood, reaching a peak at around age 13. Children with tension-type headaches may also suffer from an emotional disorder.
Psychosocial factors associated with childhood tension-type headaches include:
The National Headache Foundation recommends these tips for parents:
Both episodic tension-type headache and chronic daily headache affect quality of life. Tension-type headache episodes are rarely disabling, however, and rarely require emergency treatment. If they do, there is usually a migraine component occurring with the tension-type headache.
Nevertheless, although they are not medically dangerous, chronic tension headaches can have a negative impact on quality of life, families, and work productivity. Several studies have reported lower quality of life for people with any chronic daily headache compared to those with no headaches or only episodic ones. Many people with chronic tension-type headaches also suffer from anxiety and depression.
Tension-type headaches can, in most cases, be treated and prevented. Episodes of these headaches can also resolve over time. In one study, nearly half of patients with frequent or chronic tension-type headache were not experiencing headaches when examined 3 years later. Patients who have both tension-type and migraine headaches may face steeper challenges in recovery.
Tension-type headaches tend to have the following symptoms:
Diagnosing the cause of persistent daily headache can be difficult. People who visit the emergency room with disabling headache may be misdiagnosed as tension-type headaches instead of migraines. It is important to choose a doctor who is sensitive to the needs of headache sufferers and is aware of the latest advances in treatment.
According to the International Headache Society, a diagnosis of tension-type headache is suggested by the following symptoms:
In episodic tension-type headaches:
In chronic tension-type headaches:
Many persistent headaches result from the rebound effect caused by the overuse of headache medications.
Usually in such cases, medications have been taken on an ongoing basis for more than 3 days each week. If patients stop taking these drugs, the headaches come back. The patient then starts taking the drugs again. Eventually the headache simply persists and medications are no longer effective. Even after successful medication withdrawal, relapse is common.
Medications associated with medication-overuse headache include barbiturates, sedatives, narcotics, and migraine medications, particularly those that also contain caffeine. (Heavy caffeine use can also cause this condition.) Daily use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like naproxen (Aleve, generic) or ibuprofen (Advil, generic) may also cause medication-overuse headaches.
Some research suggests that migraine and tension headaches may be related. [For more information, see In-Depth Report #97: Migraine headaches.]
For an accurate diagnosis, the patient should describe the following:
The patient should also report any other conditions that might be associated with headache, such as any:
The doctor will also need the patient's general medical and family history, particularly concerning headaches or other neurological diseases.
Keeping a headache diary is a useful way to identify triggers that bring on headaches, and to help the doctor differentiate between migraine and tension-type headache. Be sure to include all events preceding an attack. Often two or more triggers interact to produce a headache.
In general, certain stimuli are able to trigger most types of primary headaches, although people with migraines may be more sensitive to some of them (weather, certain smells, light, and smoke) than people with tension headaches.
Tracking medications is an important way of identifying medication-overuse headache or transformed migraine.
Be sure to attempt to define the intensity of the headache. There are different scoring symptoms available that help communicate the severity of the pain to the doctor. For instance, the following is a number system that can be helpful:
1 = Mild, barely noticeable2 = Noticeable, but does not interfere with work/activities3 = Distracts from work/activities4 = Makes work/activities very difficult5 = Incapacitating
1 = Mild, barely noticeable
2 = Noticeable, but does not interfere with work/activities
3 = Distracts from work/activities
4 = Makes work/activities very difficult
5 = Incapacitating
In order to diagnose a chronic headache, the doctor will examine the head and neck to check for muscle tenderness. The doctor may also perform a neurologic examination, which includes a series of simple evaluations to test strength, reflexes, coordination, sensation, and mental function. The doctor may also recommend an eye examination.
Imaging tests used for severe or persistent headache include computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Imaging tests of the brain may be recommended under the following circumstances:
Imaging tests may also be recommended for:
Headaches indicating a serious underlying problem, such as cerebrovascular disorder or malignant hypertension, are uncommon. (It should again be emphasized that a headache is not a common first or only symptom of a brain tumor.) People with existing chronic headaches, however, might overlook a more serious condition believing it to be one of their usual headaches. Such patients should immediately call a doctor if the quality of a headache or accompanying symptoms has changed. Everyone should call a doctor for any of the following symptoms:
Management of tension-type headaches focuses in the short term on treating acute attacks, and in the long term on preventing recurrent episodes of headache. In general, short-term treatment of tension-type headache involves drugs (mainly pain relievers) while long-term preventive measures include both drug and non-drug approaches. With medications, relaxation training, lifestyle changes, and other therapies, most headache pain can be relieved or reduced.
Most acute attacks of tension-type headaches get better without any treatment. Simple over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can treat mild symptoms. Aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil, generic) are usually the first choices, followed by naproxen (Aleve, generic). Some patients may also find helpful medications that combine a pain reliever with caffeine.
Some people find massage therapy helpful for treating acute episodes of tension-type headache.
Daily preventive treatment is recommended for patients who experience at least two headache attacks a month. Preventive treatments do not work as well when patients are overusing pain-relief medication, so doctors may recommend stopping and withdrawing from analgesics before beginning preventive approaches.
The goals of preventive treatment are to reduce the frequency and severity of headache attacks, and to improve the response to pain medication.
Preventive treatment for tension-type headache includes:
Studies indicate that best results are achieved when drug treatment is combined with relaxation or stress-management training.
If headaches develop because of medication overuse, the patient cannot recover without stopping the drugs. (If caffeine is the culprit, a person may only need to reduce coffee or tea drinking to a reasonable level, not necessarily stop drinking it altogether.) The patient usually has the option of stopping abruptly or gradually and should expect the following course:
The standard treatments for tension-type headaches are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen, and tricyclic antidepressants, usually amitriptyline (Elavil, generic).
Due to the risks of overuse and dependence, opoids, opoid-like drugs, and sedative hypnotics are not recommended for treatment of tension-type headaches.
Several pain relievers are helpful for mild-to-moderate headaches. They cannot prevent headaches, however.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs are common pain relievers that block prostaglandins, substances that dilate blood vessels and cause inflammation and pain. NSAIDs are usually the first drugs tried for almost any kind of headache. There are dozens of NSAIDs. Common NSAIDs include:
Long-term use of high-dose NSAIDs may increase the risk for stomach bleeding and heart problems, including heart attack and stroke. Daily use of NSAIDs may increase the risk for medication overuse (rebound) headache.
Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen (Tylenol, generic) is a good alternative to NSAIDs when stomach distress, ulcers, or allergic reactions prohibit their use. A high dose (1,000 mg) is, however, needed for this drug to be effective for headaches.
Acetaminophen does have some adverse effects, and the daily dose should not exceed 4 grams (4,000 mg). Patients who take high doses of this drug for long periods are at risk for liver damage, particularly if they drink alcohol and do not eat regularly. Acetaminophen may cause serious kidney problems in people who already have kidney disease. It also may interact with certain medications, including the blood thinner warfarin (Coumadin).
Antidepressants known as tricyclics are most often used for prevention of severe chronic tension-type headaches. Newer selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) antidepressants are also sometimes used in milder cases.
Tricyclic Antidepressants. Tricyclics are not only useful for depression but also appear to help relieve muscle pain and improve sleep. They are sometimes classified in one of two categories: tertiary or secondary amines:
A tricyclic antidepressant is usually started at a lower dose and then slowly increased. A headache diary can help the patient and the doctor assess the effectiveness of the treatment. In general, patients should remain on preventive drug treatment for at least 6 months. After that time, the doctor will slowly reduce the dose while continuing to monitor the frequency of headache attacks.
Side effects are fairly common with these medications. Drowsiness is the most common, but may vary by specific drug. In addition, side effects may include dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, trouble urinating, heart rhythm problems, and dizziness. Blood pressure may also drop suddenly when sitting up or standing.
Tricyclics can have serious, although rare, side effects, including heart rhythm problems, which can be dangerous for some patients with certain heart diseases. These drugs can be fatal with overdose.
Other Antidepressants. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by increasing levels of serotonin in the brain. SSRIs used for tension-type headache preventive treatment include paroxetine (Paxil, generic) and citalopram (Celexa, generic). Other antidepressants used for tension-type headache are mirtazapine (Remeron, generic) and venlafaxine (Effexor, generic), which target both serotonin and norepinephrine.
Although these antidepressants have fewer side effects than tricyclics, they do not appear to be as effective for preventive treatment of tension-type headaches.
Tizanidine. Tizanidine (Zanaflex, generic) is a muscle relaxant that is being studied as a possible preventive drug for chronic tension-type headaches.
Botulinum Toxin. OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections are used to relax muscles and reduce skin wrinkles. Botox injections are approved for prevention of chronic migraine in adults. However, Botox has not yet been approved as a treatment for tension-type headaches. Some studies indicate that Botox is not effective for tension-type headache.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors block nitric oxide, which may play a role in increasing nerve activity that leads to headache. Drugs are currently being investigated for tension-type headache.
Psychological and behavioral techniques, and lifestyle changes, can have a beneficial effect on tension-type headaches. These therapies can also enhance the effects of drug treatments. To date, relaxation training and biofeedback have the strongest evidence for improving tension-type headaches.
Relaxation training uses breathing exercises, guided imagery, and other techniques to help relax muscles and relieve stress. Biofeedback uses a device to record a patient's bodily responses (heart rate, surface skin temperature, muscle tension). This information is then "fed back" to the patient through a sound or visual image. Through this feedback, patients learn to control their physical responses. In clinical studies, relaxation training and biofeedback, both alone and in combination, have led to improvements in tension-type headache.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) teaches patients how to recognize and cope with stressors in their life. It can help patients understand how their thoughts and behavior patterns may affect their symptoms, and how to change the way the body responds to anticipated pain. CBT is often included in stress management techniques. Research indicates that CBT and stress management are most effective when combined with relaxation training or biofeedback.
Massage can help relax tense muscles, and may be helpful during acute headache attacks, although there is little evidence for long-term benefits. Although some small studies have suggested that spinal manipulation by chiropractors or osteopaths may have some benefits for preventing tension-type headaches, there is insufficient evidence overall to confirm their effectiveness for tension-type headache pain reduction.
Evidence is somewhat stronger on the benefits of spinal manipulation for patients with headaches originating from nerve or muscular problems in the neck. Some researchers believe that tension-type headaches relieved by spinal manipulation are probably really caused by neck problems.
There has been little research evaluating the benefits of physical therapy for tension-type headache. Still, a physical therapist may be helpful in teaching specific exercises for strengthening and stretching muscles or improving posture. A physical therapist may also be able to advise on ergonomic changes to the patient's workplace environment.
Several reviews of clinical trials of acupuncture suggest that it may have some benefit for tension headache.
Acupuncture, hypnosis and biofeedback are all alternative ways to control pain. Acupuncture involves the insertion of tiny sterile needles, slightly thicker than a human hair, at specific points on the body.
Good health habits -- including adequate sleep, healthy diet, regular exercise -- are helpful for reducing stress. Quitting smoking is important in reducing the risks for all types of headaches.
Heat or cold packs may be helpful. An ancient remedy for tension headaches uses pressure applied to the head (such as a headband or a towel wrapped around the head) plus either heat or cold. Some people report more relief with cold, others with heat. Packs can either be frozen or heated.
Numerous herbal remedies are promoted for tension-type headache. It is important that anyone taking herbal or so-called natural remedies be aware of the lack of regulations governing their quality and effectiveness. Generally, manufacturers of herbal remedies and dietary supplements do not need approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to sell their products. Just like a drug, herbs and supplements can affect the body's chemistry, and therefore have the potential to produce side effects that may be harmful. Always check with your doctor before using any herbal remedies or dietary supplements. Never give herbal remedies or dietary supplements to children without first consulting a doctor.
Essential Oils. Some patients find relief using two drops of peppermint, eucalyptus, or lavender oil added to one cup of water. The patient soaks a cloth in the solution and applies it as a compress to the head.
Magnesium. Some patients report that magnesium supplements can help prevent migraine headache attacks, but there is little evidence that magnesium is helpful for tension-type headaches.
Herbs. Butterbur and feverfew are two popular herbal remedies for headache relief. The American Academy of Neurology recommends butterbur as "effective" for migraine relief, and feverfew as "probably effective." It is not clear if these herbs are effective for tension-type headaches.
The following are special concerns for people taking these herbs:
Ailani J. Chronic tension-type headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2009 Dec;13(6):479-83.
Antttila P. Tension-type headache in childhood and adolescence. Lancet Neurol. 2006 Mar;5(3):268-274.
Bigal ME, Rapoport AM, Hargreaves R. Advances in the pharmacologic treatment of tension-type headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2008 Dec;12(6):442-6.
Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Alonso-Blanco C, Cuadrado ML, Gerwin RD, Pareja JA. Myofascial trigger points and their relationship to headache clinical parameters in chronic tension-type headache. Headache. 2006 Sep;46(8):1264-72.
Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Cuadrado ML, Pareja JA. Myofascial trigger points, neck mobility, and forward head posture in episodic tension-type headache. Headache. 2007 May;47(5):662-72.
Fumal A, Schoenen J. Tension-type headache: current research and clinical management. Lancet Neurol. 2008; 7(1): 70-83.
Jackson JL, Kuriyama A, Hayashino Y. Botulinum toxin A for prophylactic treatment of migraine and tension headaches in adults: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012 Apr 25;307(16):1736-45. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.505.
Jackson JL, Shimeall W, Sessums L, Dezee KJ, Becher D, Diemer M, et al. Tricyclic antidepressants and headaches: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010 Oct 20;341:c5222. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c5222.
Linde K, Allais G, Brinkhaus B, Manheimer E, Vickers A, White AR. Acupuncture for tension-type headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD007587.
Loder, E. and P. Rizzoli. Tension-type headache. BMJ. 2008; 336(7635): 88-92.
Naumann M, So Y, Argoff CE, Childers MK, Dykstra DD, Gronseth GS, et al. Assessment: Botulinum neurotoxin in the treatment of autonomic disorders and pain (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2008 May 6;70(19):1707-14.
Rosen NL. Psychological issues in the evaluation and treatment of tension-type headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2008 Dec;12(6):425-32.
Silver, N. Headache (chronic tension-type). Am Fam Physician. 2007; 76(1): 114-6.
Stovner Lj, Hagen K, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, Lipton R, Scher A, et al. The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide. Cephalalgia. 2007 Mar;27(3):193-210.
Vargas BB. Tension-type headache and migraine: two points on a continuum? Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2008 Dec;12(6):433-6.
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Dodgers to host three Final Vote parties
By Ken Gurnick / MLB.com
SAN FRANCISCO -- The Dodgers will hold All-Star viewing and voting parties Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday at the three Barney's Beanery locations to promote All-Star Final Vote candidates Yasiel Puig and Adrian Gonzalez.
Monday will be at the Burbank location, 250 North First St.; Tuesday will be at the Pasadena location, 99 E. Colorado Blvd.; and Wednesday will be at the West Hollywood location, 8447 Santa Monica Blvd.
Steve Garvey, a write-in All-Star in 1974, is the "Puig campaign manager" and will attend the events Monday and Tuesday nights from 6:30 p.m. to 8 p.m. PT, with Vic "the Brick" Jacobs and FOX Sports AM 570.
Prizes and tickets will be given away during game commercial breaks. The "Ultimate Puig Fan" will be given the opportunity to meet Puig on July 14, Puig T-Shirt Day at Dodger Stadium.
Fans can vote an unlimited number of times between now and 1 p.m. PT on Thursday online at Dodgers.com and on mobile devices. To vote via mobile device, fans can text N3 to 89269 to vote for Gonzalez and text N5 to 89269 to vote for Puig.
Nolasco to start Tuesday, Capuano to bullpen
SAN FRANCISCO -- Newly acquired pitcher Ricky Nolasco will start Tuesday and bump Chris Capuano to the bullpen, Dodgers manager Don Mattingly said Sunday.
"As long as everything is OK, that's the plan," Mattingly said.
Nolasco and $197,000 in international signing space were obtained Saturday from the Marlins for pitchers Josh Wall, Steven Ames and Angel Sanchez.
Mattingly said Capuano would become the bullpen long man the Dodgers haven't had all season, taking the role that Jamey Wright filled last year. Wright wasn't re-signed because the Dodgers thought they had enough depth, bringing eight starting pitchers to camp.
But they traded Aaron Harang, Chad Billingsley blew out his elbow, Josh Beckett needs surgery to relieve a pinched nerve in his neck and Ted Lilly is currently on the disabled list for the third time this year.
That led to Saturday's trade. Mattingly confirmed that rookie Stephen Fife would remain in the rotation, with Nolasco inserted between Zack Greinke, who pitches Monday, and Hyun-Jin Ryu, who pitches Wednesday.
"We haven't had a true long man," said Mattingly. "Cappy is a guy that can throw throughout the game. He's ready to pitch all the time and if we get any issue with a starter, he's ready to roll [for a spot start]."
Mattingly said Capuano took the news professionally and he compared it to the club's outfield situation, which at some point might have four healthy outfielders for three spots.
"We're asking a guy to do something we feel is in the best interests for the team," Mattingly said. "He may not totally agree. I don't expect him to be happy. He's a pro. He understands the situation. He was professional about it. I'm sure he thinks he should be starting."
Said Capuano: "I wasn't consistent enough to keep that spot. Whether I'm OK with it or not, the bottom line is I had the opportunity and wasn't consistent enough."
Lilly was charged with six runs in 5 1/3 innings of a rehab start Saturday night with Class A Rancho Cucamonga. Mattingly said Lilly will meet the club in Arizona and throw a bullpen session, but gave no indication when or if Lilly would be activated.
"He keeps moving forward and we're getting him ready," he said.
Kemp expected to return to action vs. D-backs
SAN FRANCISCO -- Dodgers outfielder Matt Kemp was out of the lineup for a second day because of his left shoulder, but manager Don Mattingly said Kemp would likely play Monday in Arizona.
"We feel like he'll be ready to go tomorrow," Mattingly said before Sunday's series finale vs. the Giants. "I'm not sure if he'll hit today, but everything that I heard is that he'll be ready to roll tomorrow."
Kemp left Friday night's 10-2 win over the Giants after feeling pain in his acromioclavicular joint (where the collarbone meets the shoulder) on a swing and a miss in the second inning.
Kemp had surgery last year to repair torn cartilage and rotator cuff fraying and a reinjury was Kemp's initial fear. But after talking to teammates that have had similar operations, including Adrian Gonzalez and Hanley Ramirez, Kemp and the Dodgers believe the pain was most likely from scar tissue.
Kemp received a cortisone injection Friday night and was shut down Saturday to allow the medication to reduce inflammation.
For the second consecutive game, Carl Crawford started in left field, Andre Ethier in center and Yasiel Puig in right.
Ken Gurnick is a reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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DePauw Debate Team Wins National Championship
March 20, 2012
Two members of the DePauw University debate team -- sophomore Ronnie Kennedy and junior Jimmy Kirkpatrick -- won the national championship at the Pi Kappa Delta National Comprehensive Tournament, which took place this past weekend in Overland Park, Kansas. Pi Kappa Delta is the oldest forensics honorary society in the United States and more than 65 colleges and universities took part in the national championship tournament.
Kennedy and Kirkpatrick compiled a 5-1 record in preliminary rounds to advance to elimination rounds. They defeated Northern Illinois University in the quarterfinal round on a 3-0 decision, then bested Webster University in a 3-0 decision in the semifinals, setting up a final round showdown with Boise State University. The final round resolution was: "Eliminate the World Bank." DePauw governed on the resolution, and Boise State opposed. The DePauw debaters prevailed in the final round on a 2-1 decision to win the national title.
Kirkpatrick was among three DePauw debaters who took home individual honors, finishing 8th. Sophomores Sam Leist and Shelby Beasley claimed 4th and 7th places, respectively, in the junior division.
For information about the debate team, check the team's online page or or contact Geoff Klinger '88, associate professor of communication and theatre and DePauw's director of forensics, at firstname.lastname@example.com


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>Gears and Wears>Running in the rain
Roads were made for journeys...
Your toughness is made up of equal parts persistence and experience. You don't so much outrun your opponents as outlast and outsmart them, and the toughest opponent of all is the one inside your head." - Joe Henderson
Running in BelgiumAnn
Maybe I'm strange, but I don't bother with a running jacket in the rain. Only time I bother is if it's freezing outside.


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Connecticut lawmakers are considering a state law to make smoking in cars illegal if there is a child under 7 years old inside.
Smoking is already banned in restaurants and businesses in Connecticut and some parents welcome broadening the ban to protect children in cars.
"We want our kids to be in safe places, always," parent Chris Liss, of Granby, told NBC Connecticut.
A 2006 Harvard University study of smoking in cars shows that even with the windows slightly opened, a single cigarette can produce hazardous levels of contaminants.
"It's going to help," said Rep. Henry Genga, the bill's sponsor. "No question about it."
But opponents are concerned that a new law may be too intrusive and wonder how it will be enforced. Genga said he has supporters in the law enforcement community who tell him it will be as easy to enforce as the seatbelt law.
The first time someone is caught, they will get a warning. The second time will involve a penalty.
"When you put a child in, you have a responsibility," Genga said. "The right thing to do is to take care of that child."
Lawmakers on the transportation committee will hold a public hearing on the bill Wednesday morning.


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26 year old Joshua Launt of Binghamton was sentenced in Broome County Court was sentenced to 6 months in Broome County Jail and 5 years probation for the death of Ronald Gilbert. Launt was accused of assaulting Gilbert at a party in Kirkwood in 2012, Gilbert did not receive medical attention and died from brain trauma. Launt pleaded guilty to criminally negligent homicide earlier this year.
Delaware County Deputies investigated a one car personal injury auto accident last Tuesday. 23 year old Joseph Kinch of South Kortright was traveling on Sherwood Road in the town of Delhi when he left the roadway and struck a utility pole. Kinch was transported to O'Connor Hospital & was issued a traffic ticket for failure to keep right.
Chenango County Sheriff's Deputies arrested 32 year old Kevin ray of Norwich for 1- Count Welfare Fraud & 1- Count Offering a False Instrument for filing. Ray was issued an appearance ticket and released after an investigation into welfare fraud, where he allegedly failed to report a change in his household, and received over $3000 in assistance that he was not entitled to.
Homeowners in the New York City Watershed in Delaware, Greene, Schoharie, Sullivan or Ulster Counties who may be having trouble with their septic systems are encouraged to call the Catskill Watershed Corporation to see if they qualify for help paying for repairs. Homeowners may be eligible for assistance if their property is within 300 feet of a watercourse, and if their homes were built prior to November 2nd 1995. more infroamtion is available at 845-586-1400.


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Cassavas get cyanide hike from carbon emissions
ONE of Africa's most important food crops is likely to become increasingly toxic as a result of carbon emissions.
Cassava is a staple for more than half a billion of the world's poorest people. It is promoted by UN agencies such as the Food and Agriculture Organization as a saviour for Africa because it grows well in droughts. But now research shows that increasing carbon dioxide in the air boosts cyanide levels in its leaves.
Cassava leaves and roots both contain glycosides that break down to release toxic hydrogen cyanide when chewed or crushed. Villagers grind cassava roots to make flour, which can be processed to remove cyanide, but leaves are often eaten raw. The cyanide can cause a condition called konzo that permanently paralyses the legs. One study found that 9 per cent of Nigerians suffer some form of cyanide poisoning from eating cassava.


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Registration for the 2013 Little Loggers Camp is now open. The annual all-sports camp will take place July 8-11 this year. You can find the brochure here or swing by the athletic department offices upstairs in Memorial Fieldhouse to pick up a copy and register your kids today!
Every summer Logger Athletics welcomes more than 100 campers ages 6-12 to a week-long day camp. Campers gain experience in a variety of sports and activities, ranging from basketball to baseball to soccer and rock climbing.
For more information or to sign up your kids, visit our "Summer Camps" page or call (253) 879-3140.


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Beer and Chocolate Tour of Beacon Hill and the Back Bay
12:30 PM to 4:00 PM Thu, Feb 23 - Sat, Jun 30, 2012
Venue: Beacon Hill Chocolates
91 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02129Contact:
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Overview: Are you ready for the most unique tour you've ever seen in Boston?? Clear your taste buds for this beer and chocolate tour through Beacon Hill. You will leave with some fun beer and chocolate facts and a combination of flavors that will blow your socks off. Itinerary: We'll start at Beacon Hill Chocolates on the beautiful Charles Street with some milk and dark chocolate samples to kick off the fun. This shop not only sells perfectly handmade confections, but they have an assortment of gift items to browse through and even ice cream - can't go wrong there. Next stop is one of the coolest packies in the city, Charles Street Liquors. They offer a huge selection of Domestic Craft and Imported beers. We'll swing in here for some samples and fun beer facts and know-how for you to take home and show off to your friends. A few doors down is The Sevens - a true blue Boston dive with the most charm you'll find anywhere in the city. You'll get a feel for where the locals of this neighborhood go while enjoying a drink of your choice, but recommendations will be provided by your beer and chocolate expert of the afternoon. After The Sevens, we'll head over to Boylston Street to Rattlesnake Bar. You'll enjoy the scenic views of the public gardens on the walk over, which are just as beautiful in dead of winter as in the blazing summer. Rattlesnake offers a selection of beers you won't find anywhere else in the city. I'll help you choose a fantastic brew to pair with some chocolate for an ultimate flavor combo. From here, we'll take the short walk to the popular Newbury Street and check out two of the sleekest chocolate shops around, Hotel Chocolat and Teuscher. You'll get more delectable samples along the way. Now it's time to head back to Boylston as we wrap up the tour. If you're feeling a little chilled at this point, now's the perfect time to enjoy a sample of hot cocoa from Max Brenner and browse their small gift store. The tour will conclude at Bukowski Tavern, a popular small and cozy pub right off of Massachusetts Avenue. No doubt about it, you will leave this tour with a buzz from all the smooth, rich flavor pairings and scenic walks through an awesome part of the city. Price Includes: -Chocolate samples at 3 stops -Guided tour through Beacon Hill/Back Bay -3 bar stops -Advice and recommendations for beer chocolate pairings -Fun facts/know-how about chocolate and beer Rules Must be 21 or over. Beer is not included in cost of ticket due to MA laws. Your guide will recommend beer to sample with chocolate, Come with an open mind and a hankering for chocolate, Wear comfortable shoes and dress for the weather. Questions, call 888-573-3259.
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