text:
About this blog
Posters and Election Propaganda
A blog dedicated to the examination of communications in election campaigns, with a focus on posters
Tagged as "Stan Greenberg"
Friday, April 24, 2009
The party of Nelson Mandela—the African National Congress (ANC)—appears to have won a resounding victory again in the South African parliamentary elections held this week. Although ballots are still being counted, the ANC has 67% of the vote, with the Democratic Alliance (a moderate party supported by many whites) and the Congress of the People (formed by a group that broke away from the ANC) trailing badly (16% and 8%, respectively). The only uncertainty is whether or not the ANC will achieve the 2/3 majority needed to make constitutional changes.
The campaign was relatively peaceful and there was an 80% turnout of voters. About 1/3 of the voting population is 18-29, and the ANC's leadership in the battle to end apartheid helps it with many of the younger voters. Many rallies—with posters, banners, and music—were held and were calculated to appeal to this group.
The leader of the ANC is Jacob Zuma, who will undoubtedly be elected president of the country by the parliament, since only a majority vote is required in this election. Zuma headed the ANC's internal security unit during the anti-apartheid struggle.
In 1994, Mandela was elected the first president of South Africa, after apartheid ended. In that election, the ANC won 63% of the total vote. The Mandela campaign was advised by American political consultant Stan Greenberg, who had helped with Bill Clinton's presidential election in the United States two years earlier. Greenberg utilized focus groups heavily to determine the campaign's main theme—that the ANC was an "agent of change," not a "liberation movement." In addition, he advised Mandela to soften his image. This image management can be seen in the poster of Mandela surrounded by children of all races—the smiling, grandfatherly change agent who would work to help all the people look forward to a brighter future for their children. Along with the image manipulation, however, came specific goals: "2.5 million new jobs and 1 million new housing units within five years."
Nowadays, campaigns are generally being run by South African consultants. They frequently chose posters, as well as radio spots and newspaper advertisements, to convey their messages, since paid TV spots were prohibited during parliamentary election campaign periods.
For more on the political history and elections of South Africa, see the book, Posters, Propaganda, and Persuasion in Election Campaigns Around the World and Through History.


text:
Lately, it is almost impossible at times to read messages from the user quzah because the text has practically no contrast* to the background. Here's two screenshots that give 3 examples of this and just how hard it is to read:
Screenshot #1 - the black text is easy to make out since the contrast is about 230 or so*, near the maximum possible. The light text is almost impossible to make out as the contrast is less than 10.
Screenshot #2 - The top message here is okay for most of the text, but it's the light-colored text that is very hard to read. The bottom message is the opposite in that almost the entire message is unreadable due to low contrast.
In addition, having the text changing colors very frequently just wastes a lot of space on the server as well. Instead of 1 byte per character, it's almost 25 bytes. The paragraph at the top of this message would use about 4500 bytes just to have the color-changing text. Without the color changing, about 180 bytes would be used instead.
My suggestion would be to enforce a minimum contrast and/or limit the usage of the color UBBCode tag. I would suggest 64 at the very minimum, the difference between the colors BFBFBF and FFFFFF. I would prefer 96 as the suggested minimum, or the difference between 9F9F9F and FFFFFF. I've gone in great depth to finding a worthy contrast-determination formula and I could offer this (and an algorithm based in C) if needed.
* Contrast is based on a comparison of shades of gray of the same apparent brightness. This graph plot gives a good idea on the apparent brightness of each color.
Edit: Just as a side note, no offense is intended. I'm sure this affects everyone. Those with poor vision would really have a lot of problems reading the text which is why I'm strongly suggesting some sort of enforcement.

subset: commoncrawl


text: I saw The Who concert and show in the Greensboro Colloseum last Friday night. Unbelievable! Daltry is 68; Townsend is 67 and they put on a 2 hour show. First part was the entire Quadraphenia album. Again unbeleviable. 5:15 was perfect and spot on. Then, without break, they did all the old stuff; Pinball Wizard and big hits from "Who's Next". It damned near killed me. How can these old guys stand up to the punishment that these shows dole out? Daltry's voice is not what it used to be. Not surprising. But the music was still the same. "We're all wasted!"


text:
During trading today, both the Technology sector (XLK) and the S&P500 showed little movement.
Continue Reading Below
As a proxy for the sector, the ETF tracked closer to the overall market today than over the past month. Entering today's trading, XLK was up 6.8% over the last thirty trading days. The S&P 500, in comparison, went up 4%.
Angie's List (ANGI) was a major loser in the sector. Its price dropped 16% (-$2.12) to close at $11.17, as 3.5 million shares moved. The stock traded in a range of $10.85 to $12.80.
Velti (VELT) was a major gainer in the sector, rising 11.9% (+84 cents) to close at $7.88 with 5.9 million shares moving. The stock traded in a range of $7.62 to $8.61. Asure Software (ASUR) was another big mover, climbing 38 cents (+5.3%) to a closing price of $7.50.
Finisar Corporation (FNSR) declined 7.7% to close at $13.74, moving below its 50-day moving average of $13.13 and 200-day moving average of $15.83. Intersections (INTX) climbed 3% to close at $13.27, moving past its 200-day moving average of $13.08.
NetQin Mobile (NQ) rose 6.1% to close at $7.45, approaching its 50-day moving average of $7.74. It has also moved closer to its 200-day moving average of $8.42. EMC (CVLT) fell 3.9% to close at $25.71, moving closer to its 50-day moving average of $25.40. Also, the stock moved closer to its 200-day moving average of $48.83.
Continue Reading Below
Datawatch Corporation (DWCH) hit a new 52-week high today, reaching $17.89 to top the previous high of $17.26.
Kayak Software (KYAK) hit a new 52-week low today, hitting $26.12 to fall below the previous low of $28.90.


text:
Need advice on planning road trip: Orange County to Fresno
Need advice on planning road trip: Orange County to Fresno
Just make sure you charge to max range at hawthorne, drive straight to the lebec supercharger (don't go 80mph over the grapevine), then go straight to fresno on the 99. (only 137 miles from lebec supercharger).
Check out plugshare.com (and their smartphone app) for chargers in Fresno. My guess is you might have to take your universal mobile connector and your Nema 14-50 adapter with you and charge at a mobile home park in Fres-yes. Be sure to charge to max range everywhere. Recognize that even supercharging slows down as your battery gets near full charge, so budget more than 30 min at the superchargers.
As you have less range with the 60 kw battery, you have to be more careful about range. The hawthorne station is usually available, and I have charged there. quickly make sure it is charging as one of the stations did not work for me, and I had to move. There is a Chipotle, frozen yogurt place, and a starbucks really close to the supercharger station at Lebec. Again, I did not have it plugged in properly for the first 20 minutes I was there, so make sure your car is charging before you take off to wander around. If you have difficulty with finding a charging station, I had a 14-50 installed at my mother's house near belmont and clovis avenue, and she'd be happy to let you charge for several hours so that you could make it back to lebec. I should ask her if she is willing to be listed as she has solar power, but is retired with a limited income... a few bucks would help her to cover costs. Use recorgo also as there are several charging stations at hotels, and other locations in town... usually 30 amp stations that are a bit slower at 20 Miles per hour charging. If you want to have a near full charge when you get to Fresno, you could head up the 5 instead of the 99, and there is a supercharger station at Harris ranch (near Coalinga) and then cut across after you get to a full charge. Then on your way back you could head that same route to insure that you'll never get too low. Also trailer parks have Nema 14-50 and will charge a nominal fee for charging, and if you are nice, sometimes they will let you charge for free if you let them check out your super-cool electric car!!
Get a full charge at the Tejon ranch supercharger. I had a client that was talking to us about a project in Fresno. I checked plugshare and recargo and there are not many charging options in Fresno. Check how far it is to the Harris Ranch superchargers and consider charging at a RV Park.
The best opportunity to charge in Fresno is at the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District. They have two 230 Amp J1772, but they are only available during business hours and are often occupied. You can check with the Nissan dealers as well.
I recently took a trip to Fresno and can confirm there are few public chargers. APCD only open M-F but said their gates open at 7. I was able to plug into a 110v in my hotel's parking lot each night and that added about 30 miles per, but I have an 85 and so was able to make it back to Lebec. Harris Ranch is only about 70 miles from central Fresno so that's a good option. Regarding the range question, the valley is quite flat, as you know, and that's a big help. My return trip from Fresno to Lebec was 144 miles. I set the cruise to 72mph and had the A/C running the whole time. I used 145 miles rated range. Hope this helps.
Oh btw am sure there are numerous threads on this but try coasting behind 18wheelers and you can easily do 70-75 and still keep it at 215-230kwh which is a huge saving. Tested it out on a 215m trip yesterday going one way avoiding highways and another using highways and literally averaged 228kwh!
Heh. Here's a little puzzle: does getting drafted add any drag to the front vehicle?
What distance were you behind the 18 wheelers, and did you feel secure at that distance?
Without attempting any actual analysis, I'd say that on general principles it would. However, percentage wise it would be too small for them to notice.
Any aeronautical engineers want to do an analysis?
The energy you save is coming from somewhere. No free lunch.
That's the general principle I mentioned.


text:
This entry was posted on Friday, July 19th, 2013 at 2:40 pm and is filed under . You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
2013 Volkswagen Beetle TDI
Friday July 19th, 2013 at 2:77 PM
Posted by: aquadog


text: What String Combo to use for 100+ hours a month of play/practice - Kevlar Mains??? I started tennis and have been playing and practicing 100+ hours a month for the last 15 months and am looking to change away from full poly which is what I play most of the time. In general, I like a firmer poly from costly LUX BB to the cheaper Gosen Polylon. To start I have a stringer to use at no cost approximately once a month. Looking for thoughts on the most economical and best playing string combo that retains its playing characteristics the longest since I'm practicing and playing 100+ hours a month. I've been using full poly between 52-58lbs depending on how soft a poly it is for 80+ hours at which point it breaks. I end up playing 60+ hours with dead poly. I understand this will not the best for my arm long term and the playing characteristics suffer after about 10-20 hours with the full beds of poly. I recently read every thread on TT on kevlar and am thinking that could be an answer as I am not lacking in the power department. What I am thinking is: 1) Kevlar should not be more harmful to the arm than 60+ hours of dead poly? 2) Kevlar playing characteristics should be better over 80 hours of play than poly? 3) Kevlar should give the spin I'm used to with full poly but without the dramatic dropoff? 4) Kevlar should be at least as control oriented as poly? I'm thinking I will try 48lbs mains - 17ga Ashway Kevlar (which I have on the way), and 55 lbs crosses - 16 ga OGSM Syn Gut. If the Kevlar does not bother me with the SG cross, I may try a poly cross like polylon. My racquets are: Vantage 100" / 11.6 strung / 6 HL strung / 63ra / 16x19 Vantage 95" / 11.9 strung / 9HL strung / 70ra / 16 x 19


text:
Novus And Verenium Introduce The Newest Addition To Novus's Enzyme Solutions Portfolio: CIBENZA® PHYTAVERSE™
New enzyme technology unlocks the hidden value of phytate
Jul 26, 2013, 08:00 ET from Verenium Corporation
ST. LOUIS and SAN DIEGO, July 26, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Novus International, Inc. and Verenium Corporation (Nasdaq: VRNM) today announced the name of their new phytase enzyme product, CIBENZA® PHYTAVERSE™. This new innovative phytase is specifically designed to unlock more of the hidden nutritional value in phytate for improved animal growth and well-being.
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20120924/MM79973LOGO)
The two companies, which entered into a strategic partnership in 2011, designed CIBENZA® PHYTAVERSE™ to have specific performance characteristics that offer significant advantages over current phytase products. These performance characteristics include:
- High in vivo activity under gastric conditions for sustained performance
- Improved activity at low substrate concentrations to maximize phytate hydrolysis
- High gastric stability for activity throughout the upper gastrointestinal tract
- High intrinsic thermotolerance and pelleting stability
- Improved bioavailability due to the elimination of the need for thermo protective coatings
"We're excited to bring this new enzyme solution to the market," said Gary Hayen, Global Director Fermentation Products at Novus. "The partnership with Verenium is allowing us to offer our customers the synergy of cutting-edge enzyme technology and nutrition solutions knowledge which makes CIBENZA® PHYTAVERSE™ a valuable asset for today's feed industry."
Animal trial results have demonstrated the superior performance characteristics that CIBENZA® PHYTAVERSE™ provides, based on standard metrics such as weight gain, feed conversion ratios and phosphorus mineralization (tibia ash) versus other available phytase products. These results indicate that inclusion of CIBENZA® PHYTAVERSE™ in monogastric diets can provide improved nutrition and economics to the animal feed industry.
"By combining Novus's animal nutrition expertise and extensive industry knowledge with over 15 years of experience in developing high-performance phytase products at Verenium, together we've been able to create a next-generation phytase that exhibits superior performance characteristics over those marketed today," said David Weiner, Vice President of R&D Strategy and Partnerships at Verenium. "These important characteristics allow the animal to more efficiently utilize the phosphorus and other nutrients necessary for improved animal health and nutrition, and can provide producers an increased return on investment."
Novus and Verenium expect to launch this product in certain geographical regions beginning in 2013.
About Novus International, Inc. Novus International, Inc. is headquartered in metropolitan St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. and serves customers in nearly 100 countries around the world. A global leader in developing animal health and nutrition solutions, Novus's products include ALIMET® and MHA® feed supplements, ACTIVATE® nutritional feed acid, ACIDOMIX® preservative premixture, ADVENT® coccidiosis control, CIBENZA® feed additive, MINTREX® chelated trace mineral, SANTOQUIN® feed preservative, MERA™MET aquaculture feed additive, AGRADO® feed antioxidant and many other specialty ingredients. Stratum® Nutrition, a division of Novus Nutrition Brands, LLC, focuses on human nutrition through specialty and functional ingredients for manufacturers of foods, beverages and dietary supplements (www.stratumnutrition.com). Novus is privately owned by Mitsui & Co. (U.S.A.), Inc. and Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. For more information visit www.novusint.com. ®Novus, ALIMET, MHA, ACTIVATE, ACIDOMIX, CIBENZA, MAAC, MINTREX, SANTOQUIN and AGRADO are trademarks of Novus International, Inc. and are registered in the United States and other countries. ®ADVENT is a trademark of Viridus Animal Health, LLC, and is registered in the United States and other countries. ®STRATUM NUTRITION is a trademark of Novus Nutrition Brands, LLC, and is registered in the United States and other countries. ®PREVIDA is a registered trademark of TIN, Inc. ™MERA and SOLUTIONS SERVICE SUSTAINABILITY are trademarks of Novus International, Inc.© 2013 Novus International, Inc. All rights reserved.
About Verenium Verenium, an industrial biotechnology company, is a global leader in developing high-performance enzymes. Verenium's tailored enzymes are environmentally friendly, making products and processes greener and more cost-effective for industries, including the global food and fuel markets. Read more at www.verenium.com.
Forward-Looking Statements For Verenium Statements in this press release that are not strictly historical are "forward-looking" and involve a high degree of risk and uncertainty. These include, but are not limited to, statements related to Verenium's technology, products and product candidates (including, in each case, their value, potential for revenue growth and expected near-term and longer term revenue), product pipeline (including the timing for commercial launch of any product candidates), capabilities and commercialization activities. Such statements are only predictions, and actual events or results may differ materially from those projected in such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to the differences include, but are not limited to, risks associated with Verenium's strategic focus, technologies, products and product candidates and product pipeline (including Verenium's ability to identify, develop and commercialize new products and product candidates, either independently or with collaborators or partners, and market demand for those products and product candidates), dependence on patents and proprietary rights, protection and enforcement of its patents and proprietary rights, the commercial prospects of the industries in which Verenium operates and sells products, Verenium's dependence on manufacturing and/or license agreements, its ability to achieve milestones under existing and future collaboration agreements, the ability of Verenium and its partners to commercialize its technologies and products (including by obtaining any required regulatory approvals) using Verenium's technologies, the timing for launching any commercial products and projects, the ability of Verenium and its collaborators to market and sell any products that it or they commercialize, the development or availability of competitive products or technologies, the future ability of Verenium to enter into and/or maintain collaboration and joint venture or partnership agreements and licenses on a timely basis or at all, and risks and other uncertainties more fully described in Verenium's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including, but not limited to, Verenium's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 and any updates contained in its subsequently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof, and Verenium expressly disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements.
Novus Contacts: Tracy Barfield 636-794-2411 firstname.lastname@example.com
Barbara Hansen 636-926-7436 firstname.lastname@example.com
Verenium Contact: Sarah Carmody Sr. Manager, Corporate Communications 858-431-8581 email@example.com
SOURCE Verenium Corporation


text:
American Samoa Gov't v. Tali,
AMERICAN SAMOA GOVERNMENT, Plaintiff
SIMETI TALI, Defendant
High Court of American Samoa
Trial Division
CR No. 24-93
October 27, 1993
[1] While pre-trial motions in criminal matters should ordinarily be heard in a timely manner, an inflexible policy in this regard is inappropriate. Each situation must be individually considered.
[2] A bill of particulars may be amended at any time subject to such conditions as justice requires, pursuant to T.C.R.Cr.P. Rule 7(f).
[3] The bill of particulars, an ancient aid to pleading and procedure, has survived in the federal rules of procedure for criminal cases, but not for civil cases. It provides a basis upon which the defense can formulate strategy when the charges, though legally sufficient, are vaguely stated.
[4] The criteria for sufficiency of a bill of particulars is whether the defendant has been fully informed of the charges well in advance of trial, and has been afforded ample opportunity to prepare his defense. To be fully informed of the charges means that the bill [25ASR2d22] of particulars sufficiently apprises the defendant of the theory of the charge against him, and of the general character of the evidence sustaining the charge.
Before RICHMOND, Associate Justice, LOGOAI, Associate Judge, and BETHAM, Associate Judge.
Counsel: For Plaintiff, Rosemary H. Kaholokula, Assistant Attorney General,
and John L. Wilks, Assistant Attorney General
For Defendant, Barry I. Rose
Plaintiff's expedited motion to amend the amended bill of particulars, filed on October 5, 1993, came regularly for hearing on October 26, 1993. Both parties appeared by counsel. Defendant was present.
[1-2] The court first heard and denied defendant's oral motion for reconsideration of the court's order of October 22, 1993, permitting an expedited hearing on plaintiff's motion. Defendant's counsel professed his understanding that expedited hearings on motions filed within 15 days of trial in criminal cases would be denied as a matter of this court's policy. While pre-trial motions in criminal matters should ordinarily be heard in a timely manner, an inflexible policy in this regard is inappropriate. Each situation must be individually considered. Moreover, T.C.R.Cr.P Rule 7(f) distinctly provides that "A bill of particulars may be amended at any time subject to such conditions as justice requires."
[3] An ancient aid to pleading and procedure, the concept of a bill of particulars has survived in the context of criminal cases, but not in civil litigation, in the federal rules of procedure; the federal rules form the essential basis for this court's rules of both criminal and civil procedure. See, A.S.C.A. §§ 46.0501, 43.0201. In contrast to civil actions, a bill of particulars continues to serve a useful purpose in criminal prosecutions. As an adjunct to the more limited means of discovery available in criminal cases, it provides another basis upon which defense strategy can be formulated when the charges, though legally sufficient, are vaguely stated. See, Wright, et al., Criminal Practice and Procedure, § 129, at 432 (2d Ed. 1983).
Such imprecision is present in this action, where the three charges are alleged to have occurred within a time frame beginning in 1991 and [25ASR2d23] ending in June 1993, without stating exact locations or specifying the acts of alleged "deviate sexual intercourse." Hence, on September 10, 1993, defendant sought and, on September 14, 1993, obtained a bill of particulars alleging more detailed information as to dates, times, and places, and, for Count II of the information, acts of "deviate sexual intercourse," upon which plaintiff is relying in this prosecution. On October 5, 1993, plaintiff found it necessary to provide an amended bill of particulars, changing the year in which the offenses charged in Counts I and III of the information allegedly occurred and the month in which the offense charged in Count II of the information allegedly occurred. Now plaintiff seeks to modify the amended bill of particulars to change the year during which the offense prosecuted in Count II allegedly took place, and establish in this year a two-month, rather than one-month, period.
[4] Defendant's protests of prejudice are not well-founded. Whatever reasons caused plaintiff's mistakes in providing an appropriately informative bill of particulars, defendant's knowledge of the accusations was amply supplemented by copies of the police reports and the transcript of the preliminary examination which he has received. The combined effect of those documents clearly indicates the factual assertions, and the chronological sequence of events, supporting this prosecution. The proposed amendments only further fix the limits of those assertions and serve the purpose of a bill of particulars. Even though trial by jury is scheduled to commence on November 2, 1993, defendant has been fully informed of the charges well in advance and has been afforded ample opportunity to prepare his defense. U.S. v. Shavin, 287 F2d 647, 650 (7th Cir. 1961).
Such information and opportunity are the critical criteria for a fair trial. In U.S. v. Chapman, 168 F2d 997 (7th Cir. 1948), the district court allowed the government to amend and supplement a bill of particulars in a prosecution for income tax invasion. No error was found on appeal, the court stating at 999 that "The bill of particulars as amended and supplemented sufficiently apprised appellant of the theory of the charge against him and of the general character of the evidence the Government expected to rely upon to sustain that charge." In U.S. v. Bender, 218 F2d 869 (9th Cir. 1955), the government amended the bill of particulars three times, the last of which was the day before trial. In upholding a conviction for income tax invasion, the court of appeals noted at 874 that the amendments "(d)id not amount to a surprise allegation which defendant was not given time to meet," and "It was therefore not an abuse . . . to allow these amendments to be made." Id. at 847. [25ASR2d24]
Plaintiff's motion to amend the amended bill of particulars is granted.
A pre-trial conference to discuss voir dire questioning, evidentiary issues, instructions, and any other matters raised by either party concerning the conduct of the trial is scheduled on November 1, 1993, at 9:00 a.m. To the fullest practical extent, both parties shall submit their proposed voir dire questions and instructions to the court no later than 4:00 p.m. on October 29, 1993.
It is so ordered.


text:
Tolerance, Dependence, Addiction: What's the Difference?
Many people think drug addiction, dependence, and tolerance are pretty much the same thing. But in fact, each term means something very different. Read More »28 Comments
Fewer Teens Are Smoking and Drinking
The percentage of teens who are smoking and drinking is dropping, and that's great news for teens' health! Read More »13 Comments
Coffee and Energy Drinks: Test Your Knowledge
How much do you know about the effects of coffee and energy drinks? Read More »9 Comments
Are You a "Secondhand Smoker"?
Teens who have smoke-free rules in their homes and cars are much less likely to be exposed to secondhand smoke. Read More »12 Comments
Heavy Metal and Drug Use: A Complex Relationship
Black Sabbath's songs tell a surprisingly sobering story about drug use. Read More »4 Comments


text:
Researchers Study Racehorses' Bone Fatigue Life
- Nov 6, 2013
- Intermediate
- Topics:
Researchers are studying how well racehorses' subchondral bone—the bone lying under the cartilage at the joints—stands up to repeated pressure.
Photo: Photos.com
When you buy a new horse trailer, chances are you'll also get lots technical information about the "fatigue life" of mechanical parts like the shocks or the clamp to close the hitch. That fatigue life refers to how long these parts can be used—opening and closing, absorbing shock, clamping, or whatever they do—before they break.
Recently, researchers began studying a far more important fatigue life for horse owners: that of racehorse bones. Specifically, a team of Australian researchers looked at the subchondral bone—the bone lying under the cartilage at the joints—of racehorse legs to determine how well that bone stood up to repeated pressure.
"Every step a horse takes causes a tiny bit of damage to bones," explained Sandra Martig, DrMedVet, PhD candidate and researcher at the Faculty of Veterinary Science at The University of Melbourne. "But nature knows about this, and the bones can repair the damage. That's why in normal life people and horses don't break their bones just from doing everyday things."
However, intense training programs can get ahead of nature, Martig said. "Because horses in the wild don't gallop as much as racehorses do, bones are not made for racing, and racehorses' bones sometimes are unable to deal with the damage that accumulates during galloping," she said. She estimates that as many as 80% of racehorses worldwide experience subchondral bone injury during their careers.
Fortunately, progressive training can usually help nature along in the repair process, making bones stronger and more resistant to subchondral injury, Martig said.
To study racehorses' subchrondral bone fatigue life, the team took subchondral bone tissue specimens from 23 horses that had either died or been euthanized on racetracks in Victoria, Australia. They placed those specimens in a laboratory machine (termed a "material testing machine"). The team applied pressure to the bone repeatedly until the bone finally gave way and crumbled. Using the data from the material testing machine, Martig and colleagues investigated the relationship between the horses' time in training and what they call "bone stiffness"—meaning how well the bone specimen resists compaction. Under pressure, the bone specimen will shorten slightly (a fraction of a millimeter). This "stiffness" test is easy for scientists to use, she said, and it can be used with fewer horses to get reliable results.
While it's possible that the different training histories of the 23 horses in her study could have caused different levels of resistance to the laboratory crushing machine, Martig and colleagues found—to their surprise—the training history of the horses made no difference in the stiffness value.
She cautioned that the findings could be in part due to the wide range of meanings of the phrase "in training."
"Some horses spend time on the walker; others do a lot of slow and a little fast galloping work, or the other way around," Martig said. "This variability in training intensity could explain why it is difficult to demonstrate the effect of 'time in training' on bone stiffness."
Studying the subchondral bone's fatigue life is a first step in a much larger project, Martig explains. Working with a biomechanical and engineering group, she plans to create a computer model for understanding the relationship between training and bone health in racehorses, which can lead to concrete training recommendations for trainers, she said. For the moment, the fatigue life found in Martig's study is expressed in "crushing machine cycles," which doesn't mean much to trainers and breeders. But as the project continues, those cycles will mean a lot to the researchers preparing useful recommendations for the field.
The study, "Compressive fatigue life of subchondral bone of the metacarpal condyle in thoroughbred racehorses," will appear in an upcoming issue of Bone.
About the Author
Christa Lesté-Lasserre, MA
Christa Lesté-Lasserre is a freelance writer based in France. A native of Dallas, Texas, Lesté-Lasserre grew up riding Quarter Horses, Appaloosas, and Shetland Ponies. She holds a master's degree in English, specializing in creative writing, from the University of Mississippi in Oxford and earned a bachelor's in journalism and creative writing with a minor in sciences from Baylor University in Waco, Texas. She currently keeps her two Trakehners at home near Paris. Follow Lesté-Lasserre on Twitter @christalestelas.
Related Content
Using Vital Signs to Monitor Racehorses
Feeding and Fueling Racehorses
AAEP On Call Veterinarian Case Examples
Bandaging Racehorses' Legs
Kentucky Derby: On Call Vets' Familiarity With Contenders
Medications in Horse Racing
AAEP On Call Program at the Kentucky Derby
Shoeing Racehorses
Lecture Discusses NEXT Generation in Equine Tissue Healing
Selecting a Thoroughbred: The Role of Genetics


text:
Content count1
Last visited
Community Reputation0 Neutral
About amanaman1
amanaman1 posted a topic in Amplifier TroubleshootingOk, I've got two xti4000 that I run in various configurations depending on the venue. When we do bigger shows I am running them almost full on, for subs, both bridged, daisy-chained, with both amps driving a pair of peavey sp118 subs via 12g 30' wire @4 ohms total each amp. I use external xover @100hz. One 4000 works great and produces massive thump and low end and never even gets close to clipping. The other 4000 never makes it to clip either, but after a few minutes it will go into a fault mode and I have to turn the amp gain way down and let it reset just to keep it from faulting. The fault mode is all lights on, not just the thermal light. Obvious problem is by turning the amp gain down to half or less, I can fart louder than the subs driven by that amp at that point, meanwhile the other 4000 is knocking crap off the walls on the other side of the stage. The fan is working and both amps are set up the same way, no dsp, no limiting, just straight simple basic bridge mode. Yes, I switched the loads and had the same problem with the same amp at different venues. This has happened twice at the two different venues where I only run the 4000's bridged and both amps were on their own separate 20 amp circuit. Again, neither amp is anywhere close to clipping and both are barely hitting the -10db light if at all. When I run the amps in parallel mode driving a 4 or 8 ohm load I have no issues with either, but then again, those are usually smaller venues where I'm not pushing them very hard. Obviously there seems to be an issue with one of my 4000's. Any ideas? Brian


text:
Last night (October 23), Tegan and Sara performed as part of the all-star, all-female line-up, which included Ellie Goulding, Sara Bareilles, Kacey Musgraves, and Katy Perry herself, for Katy Perry's "We Can Survive" benefit concert at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles. October is National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, and the show's proceeds went to the Young Survival Coalition, a global organization dedicated to supporting young women in their fight against breast cancer.
Before their performance, the sisters sat down with Radio.com backstage at the Hollywood Bowl to discuss their views on the development of their critically acclaimed album Heartthrob, the difficulties that women still face in the music industry in the modern-age, and how the two manage to keep their bearings so far away from home.


text:
While "trick or treating" is one of the most fun Halloween traditions, it's important that we keep our children safe! Check out these Oasis Halloween Safety tips and keep our philosophy alive even while camp is not in session!
Click HERE to download the printable version of our safety tips!
Comments: No comments yet


text:
ACHICA / The Art of Love & Life
The Art of Love & Life
The Art of Love & Life
We fell in love with these images created by Ralph Lazar and Lisa Swerling when we were given one of their greetings cards. Now their funny, sweet, poignant and beautiful designs are a global phenomenon. We are delighted to offer you a collection of Fine Art limited editions that will make the perfect gift for you, or for that someone special in your life. Reading the messages you'll see they are all something we can relate to. The editions look fantastic on the wall and we think you'll fall in love with the colours and humour. Released in strictly limited editions and perfectly framed in a white contemporary surround, they won't be around for long.
Sale closed
Recently Viewed Products


text: I'm terrible with dates, and when I tried to figure this out I only got even more confused. So, let's say someone (Benjy Fenwick) worked alongside the order in the 1970's. That's what the Lexicon said. So who would he have gone to school with? Not the Mauraders and Lily, right? Would any member of the Black family have been there, because it's important to my story that they are.


text:
Philadelphia Marriott DowntownCenter City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Oyster's original photos of this hotel.
Our special investigators visit, photograph, review, and rate each hotel. We uncover the truth before it's "uh-oh" time. See the hotel exactly the way we saw it when we visited. Dive in!
Hotel and Amenities
Room Photos
Enter Dates for Best Prices
- Expedia.com
- Hotels.com
- Booking.com


text:
Inspector General Tells NCUA to Beef Up Data Protection
The NCUA needs to do a more thorough review of how it protects the privacy of its computer users and data, according to a report by the agency's Office of Inspector General.
The report, which was released on Nov. 14, said the focus of the review should be on how often the agency relies on Social Security numbers and other "personally identifiable information" as a means of access to its data.
By performing this survey, the NCUA "will reduce the risk of exposing its sensitive data to a breach of confidentiality by an authorized or unauthorized entity. Ultimately, this could prevent public embarrassment for the agency and a loss of trust by the public."
The agency agreed with the recommendation and noted that it has reorganized its Office of General Counsel to give greater emphasis to privacy issues; increased privacy training for its supervisors; and plans to take several steps in the next year to reduce the unnecessary use of personally identifiable information.
The report concluded that the agency had made progress in nine areas that had been problematic found in a similar survey last year.
Among the improvements were better security configurations; improved procedures for overseeing external service providers; improved contingency planning; better security for the NCUA's servers and desktops; implementation of continuing education requirements for information technology employees; and greater ability to establish a fully integrated monitoring system.
The report also said the agency needed to make changes by improving the agency's remote access controls; upgrading its continuous monitoring program; improving its security authorization packages; upgrading its contingency planning program; and improving its intrusion detection policies.
The agency agreed with the recommendations and said it was putting programs in place to address them.
The report, which was designed to evaluate the agency's compliance with the Federal Information Security Management Act, was conducted by Richard S. Carson Associates, a Maryland-based management and information consulting firm, at the request of the agency's inspector general.
The firm gathered information for the report by auditing the agency's computer infrastructure between August and November. The focus was on areas mandated by the Department of Homeland Security.


text:
"An intriguing and potentially life-altering examination of the human psyche that is sure to benefit both introverts and extroverts alike."Kirkus Reviews (starred review)
"As an introvert often called upon to behave like an extrovert, I found the information in this book revealing and helpful. Drawing on neuroscientific research and many case reports, Susan Cain explains the advantages and potentials of introversion and of being quiet in a noisy world."Andrew Weil
"Memo to all you glad-handing, back-slapping, brainstorming masters of the universe out there: Stop networking and talking for a minute and read this book. In Quiet, Susan Cain does an eloquent and powerful job of extolling the virtues of the listeners and the thinkersthe reflective introverts of the world who appreciate that hard problems demand careful thought and who understand that it's a good idea to know what you want to say before you open your mouth."Barry Schwartz


text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Fecha de publicación
|20 Feb 1968
|Fecha de presentación
|22 Jul 1964
|Fecha de prioridad
|22 Jul 1964
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Eric Kay, Poenisch Arthur P
|Cesionario original
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (10), Citada por (21), Clasificaciones (11)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
Feb. 20. 1968 CATHODE SPUTTERING APPARATUS INCLUDING PRECISION TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF SUBSTRATE 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 22, 1964 INVENTORS FIG.3
ERIC KAY ARTHUR P POENISCH ATTORNEY Feb. 20, 1968 Y ET AL 3,369,989
CATHODE SPUTTERING APPARATUS INCLUDING PRECISION TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF SUBSTRATE Filed July 22, 1964 5 Sheets- Sheet 2 NEGATIVE \1ST& 2ND CATHODE GLOW ANODE GLOW LAYERS I I vflc 5 POTENTIAL E. KAY ET AL 3,369,989 CATHODE SPUTTERING APPARATUS INCLUDING PRECISION Feb. 20. 1968 TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF SUBSTRATE 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed July 22, 1964 Feb. 20. 1968 E. KAY ETAL 3,369,939
CATHODE SPUTTERING APPARATUS INCLUDING PRECISION TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF SUBSTRATE Filed July 22, 1964 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIG] Feb. 20. 1968 KAY ETAL 3,369,989
I CATHODE SPUTTERING APPARATUS INCLUDING PRECISION TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF SUBSTRATE Filed July 22, 1964 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 RESERVOiR FIG.9
United States Patent 3,369,989 CATHODE SPUTTERING APPARATUS INCLUD- ING PRECTSION TEMPERATURE CONTRUL OF SUBSTRATE Eric Kay, Campbell, and Arthur P. Poenisch, San Jose,
Calif., assignors to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed July 22, 1964, Ser. No. 384,356 5 Claims. (Cl. 204-498) The present invention relates to improved apparatus for temperature control in extreme environments and, more particularly, to temperature control apparatus for maintaining constant the temperature of a substrate during deposition of thin films by impact evaporation.
Interest in the field of deposition of thin films by impact evaporation, also known as glow discharge sputtering, has existed for a considerable length of time. This interest has increased sharply in recent years, particularly in the electronic industry where developments have been pursued in magnetic, superconducting and semiconductor thin film surfaces. These thin films have been shown to provide substantial advances as memory elements, as switching elements, and even as complete electrical circuits.
In these modern applications, it has been found that alterations in the crystalline structure of a stratum of a thin film can completely alter the characteristics of that film. The ideal situation is to condense or grow a thin film having an identical predetermined crystalline structure throughout. However, prior sputtering apparatus has been plagued by a sputtering start-up problem wherein the first moments of deposition of a thin film have been accompanied by a sudden increase in the temperature of the substrate and of the thin film, which eventually assumes an equilibrium temperature for the remainder of the sputtering process. It is this initial radical temperature change which causes the first portion of the thin film to assume a crystalline structure different than that attained by the remainder of the film which is deposited at the equilibrium temperature. This problem is due to the sudden exposing of the substrate to high-energy particles, particularly electrons, which have not been thermalized in transit from the cathode to anode. As a result, unavoidable temperature gradients of from 300 C.400 C. in the first 100 seconds of film growth have been the general rule (M. H. Francombe and A. J. Noreika, Symposium on Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Thin Metallic Layers, Louvain, Belgium, Sept. 47, 1961, page 199), which is th average total deposition time of a film of 1,000 angstroms.
It has been realized for quite some time that maintaining the substrate at a predetermined constant tempera-ture independent of the discharge conditions would be an ideal result. However, the prior art has been unable to develop apparatus which would accomplish this result in the plasma (or discharge) environment.
Implementation of substrate temperature control is extremely difiicult in the discharge environment due to the large heat exposure encountered and due to the precise characteristics required by modern thin films. Some of the specific problems are discussed below.
First, the temperature along the entire substrate surface must be accurately controlled without temperature profiles so that the entire area of the thin film has the same characteristics.
Second, if sputtering is occurring in the presence of magnetic fields, which may be necessary to enhance sputtering rates, as disclosed in our US. Patent No. 3,282,815, Magnetic Control of Film Deposition, filed July 1, 1963, or if magnetic thin films are being synthesized, then the entire assembly must be nonmagnetic in order to prevent field distortions, and it must not generate unwanted magnetic fields.
Third, the apparatus must be capable of operation in a high vacuum at high temperatures from a strength and leak standpoint.
Fourth, if the substrates are mechanically fastened to the temperature control apparatus for adequate heat transfer, the surface of the substrate supporting unit must be maintained in exact planarity to prevent strains in the substrate. This is particularly important in fast switching memory magnetic film applications. Thus, exact planarity of the substrate support must be maintained in the presence of a high temperature environment and in the presence of a high pressure differential between the interior and exterior of the substrate support.
1 Fifth, the entire temperature control apparatus must be electrically and hermetically isolated from the glow discharge to avoid electrical shorts through the conducting plasma and to prevent contamination of the deposited thin film.
Sixth, electrical wiring must be maintained at a low temperature to protect the insulation and to protect any vacuum seals through which the wiring may be inserted.
Seventh, in the event a noninert gas is used as the ionizing agent, the entire assembly must be made of a material which will not react with the gas.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide glow discharge sputtering apparatus which will produce thin films having identical crystalline structure and identical characteristics throughout the deposition period.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide apparatus for producing deposition of a thin film on a substrate by impact evaporation, which maintains the substrate at a constant temperature through the period of such deposition.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide apparatus producing deposition of a thin film on a substrate wherein the entire substrate surface is maintained at an even temperature, i.e., without temperature profiles, throughout the period of such deposition.
Another object of the present invention is to provide glow discharge sputtering apparatus having an accurately temperature controlled anode wherein the entire anode and temperature control assembly is nonmagnetic and does not generate unwanted magnetic fields.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a temperature control apparatus capable of operation in a high vacuum discharge environment, and which is capable of maintaining constant the temperature of a substrate during sudden heat exposure caused by highenergy particle bombardment.
Another object of the present invention is to provide apparatus for maintaining constant the temperature of a planar substrate during glow discharge sputtering wherein the surface of the apparatus supporting the planar substrate is maintained in exact planarity throughout the period of the sputtering.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide apparatus for maintaining constant the temperature of a substrate during glow discharge sputtering wherein the temperature control apparatus is hermetically and electrically isolated from the glow discharge to prevent contamination of the deposited thin film and to prevent electrical shorts through the conducting plasma.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a temeprat-ure control apparatus capable of operation in a high temperature discharge environment wherein all electrical wiring is maintained at a relatively low temperature.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide a temperature control apparatus for use in a glow discharge environment which will not react with a noninert ionizable gas.
A feature of the present invention is that it may be used for controlling the temperature of a substrate in applications other than the glow discharge sputtering application where the invention spells the critical difference between success and failure in the development of thin films having uniform characteristics.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention Will become apparent in the following more particular description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 shows the overall sputtering apparatus;
FIG. 2 shows the characteristic glow discharge regions and discharge parameters along the length of the discharge;
FIG. 3 is an oblique view of the temperature-controlled anode of the subject invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the temperaturecontrolled anode of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the temperature-controlled anode of FIG. 3',
FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the coolant channels of the anode cap 100 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a top view of the heating electrode of the temperature-controlled anode of FIG. 4;
FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the coolant and electrical connector of FIG. 4;
FIG. 9 schematically shows the electrically power supply, coolant supply units and control apparatus of the subject invention.
The sputtering environment wherein the invention is utilized is best understood by reference to FIG. 1, which shows an example of an overall glow discharge sputtering apparatus configuration. A cylindrical vessel 10 is provided which is capable of accommodating evacuation pressures in the range of 10 to 10 torr. The vessel 10 may generally be composed of any suitable material, such as glass, ceramic or metal. The example of sputtering apparatus shown in FIG. 1 may be used for sputtering magnetic thin films, and, therefore, the vessel 10 comprises a glass envelope wherein the walls are at least two inches from the perimeter of the cathode 12. In magnetic thin film sputtering, the smallest diameter envelope compatible with the two-inch requirement is used since a uniform magnetic field in the plane of the film is to be produced by Helmholtz coils 91, 91' mounted externally to the envelope. The extension 98, 98 to vessel 10 allows a collapsible shield 92 to be conveniently withdrawn into a cavity formed thereby and still allows the Helmholtz coils to be brought close to the electrode assembly. This closeness is vital as the field degenerates with the square of the distance from the discharge area.
The cathode 12 of the two-electrode glow discharge apparatus is planar and is made of the material to be impact evaporated. As an alternative, the cathode may be merely overlaid With a sheet of the material to be impact evaporated. The cathode may be cooled to a desired extent by means of a cooling unit 14 in jacket form at the base of the cathode 12. Any suitable coolant, such as water, may be pumped in at inlet 16, emerging at outlet 18 to be cooled and recirculated.
A substrate 20, upon which the thin film is to be deposited, is aflixed upon the face of anode 22. The anode, which will be described in detail hereinafter, is mounted on support 24. A desired anode-cathode potential drop can be established by means of any suitable low-impedance, filtered, DC. power supply.
Desired glow discharge effects usually occur in the pressure range of l0 to 10" torr. A diffusion pump (not shown) is used to pump down to glow discharge pressures through outlet and thereafter to maintain the vacuum constant while clean, ionizable gas is being fed at port 32. Because ion current density is very sensitive to small pressure fluctuations, the flow rate of inert gas through the system must be closely regulated by balancing the gas input through port 32 with the output through outlet 30 to the pump. This is done by balancing the gas input through a variable leak, for instance a double-needle valve against the pumping speed of the diffusion pump connected to outlet 18.
The glow discharge zones are contained by the use of both the quadrupole magnetic field and of shielding means 34. When placed around planar cathode 12, shield 34 prevents discharge except normally from the cathode face toward anode 22.
The specific details of construction and operation of the sputtering apparatus illustrated are explained in our US. Patent No. 3,282,815, above, and in copending US. application Ser. No. 290,794, now U.S. Patent No. 3,278,407, entitled Deposition of Thin Film by Impact Evaporation, and US. Patent No. 3,282,816, entitled, Symmetrical Sputtering Apparatus, both by Eric Kay and assigned in common With this case. g
As discussed in US. Patent No. 3,278,407, above, FIG. 2 schematically shows the variation of glow discharge characteristics along the length of the cathode-anode discharge for a typical glow discharge. This diagram and the following description may serve to clarify some of the terms used in the instant case. The anode-cathode voltage potential accelerates free electrons toward the anode and attracts positive ions toward the cathode. The glow discharge is maintained by electrons produced at the cathode as a result of positive ion bombardment, which electrons, in turn, will be driven toward the anode, thereby producing more positive ions to bombard the cathode, eroding particles therefrom which will then diffuse toward the substrate and deposit thereon. In the Aston dark space, there is an accumulation of these electrons which gain energy through the Crookes dark space, also called cathode fall or cathode dark space. The decay of excitation energy of the positive ions on neutralization at the cathode gives rise to the cathode glow. Electrons which have passed through the Crookes dark space enter a constant-field space, some of them with fairly high velocities. Here, they gradually lose their energy in inelastic collisions with atoms of the gas. Some collisions cause ionization, and others merely excite the atoms without ionizing them, causing the negative glow upon the decay of such excitation energy.
Anode 22 of FIG. 1 is shown in greater detail in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. Referring to those figures, an anode cap is made from any suitable, sufficiently strong, heat-conductive, nonmagnetic material. We have found copper to be suitable for equilibrium sputtering temperatures up to 400 C.; at higher temperatures, Monel 403 or 404 is desirable. The top surface 102 of the cap is planar so as to provide a good thermal connection with the entire area of substrate 20 supported thereon. The illustrated structure and use of described materials result in maintaining the planarity of the cap under high temperature and high pressure differentials. The substrate 20 may be merely placed on the surface of the cap 100, or it may be mechanically connected thereto by means of screws or other mechanical connectors.
Referring additionally to FIG. 6, a series of channels 104 are cut in the bottom surface of the cap 100 so as to provide a thorough flow of coolant, as will be explained hereinafter. Temperature sensing device is attached in thermally conductive relationship to the lower surface of cap 100 so as to detect the temperature of the cap. The temperature sensing element may be of the platinumresistance type which varies the electrical resistance between terminals 112 and 114 in accordance with the temperature of the anode cap. A planar, heat-conductive sheet 120, which may be copper, is placed against the top surfaces 124 of the portions of the cap 122 which form dividers between the coolant channels 104. Sheet thus forms a cover so as to enclose the coolant channels. Since the sheet is heat-conductive, it assists in maintaining the entire cap surface at the same temperature.
A sheet 130 of electrically insulating material, such as mica, is placed adjacent copper sheet 120. A form 140' of electrically insulating material is provided having a series of notchs cut into its periphery. A heating ribbon 142' of suitable material, such as platinum, is wound around the form in such a manner that one strand lies within each notch, as may be seen by reference to FIG. 7. Such a way of winding results in producing a negligible magnetic field.
Another mica insulating sheet 150' is placed adjacent heating elements 140, 142 on the side opposite sheet 130. Two holes, 152 and 154, are provided for lead-in wires 156 and 158 to platinum heater ribbon 142.
A backing plate 160 is made of any suitable material, such as stainless steel, and is placed adjacent mica sheet 150. Heater lead-in wires 156 and 158 are threaded through holes 162 and 164 of the backing plate and are connected to terminals 166 and 168 on terminal block 170 mounted on the backing plate. Temperature sensing leadin wires 180 and 182 are connected at one end to terminals 112 and 114 of temperature sensing unit 110, and the other end to terminals 190- and 192 on terminal block 170*.
Coolant baffle 200'is also mounted on backing plate 160-. The bafile blocks the flow of coolant and forces the coolant to flow into the channel formed between the inner wall of cap 100 and the fiat sides 202, 204, 206, 208 and 210 of the various disks. The coolant then progresses through the channels 104 in the anode cap and out through the channel formed between the wall of the anode cap and flat sides 220, 222, 224, 226 and 228 of the disks.
A retaining ring 250 is provided and has protruding ears 252 which slip through gaps 254 in anode cap 100'. The retaining ring is then rotated a small amount so that the ears rest against the top of corresponding ears 256 on anode cap 100. A plurality of screws 260 are threaded through holes 262 to press against backing plate 160' so as to compress the sandwich of plates 120, 130, 140* and 150 and form a compact unit within anode cap 100'.
The resulting anode unit is then mounted on stainless steel back cover 300, which is attached to support 24. Sealing gasket 310 is placed between the anode cap and the back cover, and screws 320 are inserted through holes in the back cover and the gasket and are threaded into holes 322 in anode cap 100 to thereby seal the interior of the anode, which is at about atmospheric pressure, from the sputtering atmosphere, which is a near-vacuum.
Corrugated metal tubing 350 and 352 connects the interior of anode 22 to the coolant supply system. Referring to FIGS. 4 and 8, tubing 352 is connected to a coolant and electrical connector unit 400'. Heater connecting wires 356 and 358 are connected to heater lead-in wires 156 and 158 at terminal block 170 and are inserted inside tube 352 and connected to connector 400. Temperature sensing leadin wires 360 and 362 are connected at one end to terminals 190 and 192 of terminal block 170', and the other end is inserted in tube 352 and connected to connector 400.
Connecting unit 400 comprises a tube 410 having an end cap 420 with various electrical connecting pins 422, 424, 426 and 428 extending therethrough. Each of the wires 156, 158, 360 and 362 are connected to one of the electrical connecting pins. Tube 410 is inserted into hole 440- in the wall of sputtering container Coolant inlet 450 and O-rings 452 and 454 are inserted over tube 410'. The
tube 410 and coolant inlet 450 are then adjusted so that hole 460 in tube 410 is accurately aligned with outlet connector 462. Clamp 470 is then placed over tube 410, and screws 472 and 474 are inserted through holes 476 and 478 in clamp 470' and threaded into holes 480 and 482 in the wall of container 10. Tightening the screws causes clamp 470 to compress O-rings 452 and 454 so as to form a pressure-tight seal, thereby preventing the escape of any coolant, and preventing air outside container 10 from entering the discharge sputtering environment.
Referring to FIG. 9, the temperature sensor 110, anode 22 and heater 142 of FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematically represented. For convenience of illustration, temperature sensor 110, heater 142 and the associated lead-in wires are not shown in their actual locations inside anode 22 and tube 352.
Temperature sensor is connected by means of leads 360 and 362 to temperature control unit 500. Temperature control unit 500 is a Well-known relay switching unit which responds to various resistance across leads 360 and 362 by switching on or 011? electric valve 502 or power supply 504. An example of such a switching unit is Thermatrol. Electric valve 502 is a three-way valve and controls the flow of suitable coolant, such as nitrogen gas, through tube 352 to anode 22. When the valve 502 is switched on, it directs the flow of coolant to anode 22, and when switched off, directs the flow through by-pass 506. The circulating system for the coolant further includes output tube 350 through which coolant from anode 22 fiows to junction 508, meeting by-pass 506, and then to first heat exchanger 510 for cooling and to reservoir 512 for storage. Electric pump 514 forces the coolant through second heat exchanger 516 to valve 502.
Upon the actuation of power supply 504 by temperature control unit 500, the power supply produces a potential between wires 156 and 158, causing a current flow through heater 142.
Temperature control unit 500 is continually switching at the rate of about once per second. The unit switches valve 502 on and power supply 504 off, then it switches valve 502 off and power supply 504 on. If the control unit is in the heat state for an amount of time equal to the cool state, an equilibrium will be maintained. To deliver a net amount of heat, the heat state takes a longer portion of the switching cycle. If heat is to be removed, the coo state takes a larger portion of the switching cycle.
,To understand the operation of the subject invention, refer first to FIGS. 1, 3 and 4. Substrate 20 is placed on the surface 102 of anode 22, and container 10 is sealed. A vacuum pump (not shown) then evacuates container 10 though outlet 30 to a pressure in the range of 10'' torr, and an ionizable gas, such as argon, is allowed to flow into the container by Way of port 32. The diffusion-pump thereafter maintains the vacuum constant at a pressure in the range of 10 to 10* torr, while clean, ionizable gas is being fed at port 32.
Referring also to FIG. 9, temperature control unit 500 is activated and immediately operates power supply 504 and electric valve 502 in a manner to bring anode 22 up to the desired temperature. Then, control unit 500 settles into an equilibrium state to maintain anode 22 at the desired temperature.
Shield 92 is then inserted into the area between anode 22 and cathode 12. Energizing potential is then applied to cathode '12, by Way of jacket 14, to initiate sputtering between anode 22 and cathode 12, with shield 92 protecting substrate 20. Glow discharge is initiated with shield 92 in place in order to clean the cathode so that no impurities will be deposited on the substrate. When the desired sputtering conditions are reached, shield 92 is suddenly withdrawn. Sputtering then continues between cathode 12 and anode 22, resulting in the deposition of sputtering particles on substrate 20.
An alternative to the sudden withdrawal of shield 92 is that the energized potential may be turned off, the shield withdrawn, and the potential reapplied. This results in the same sudden bombardment of the substrate as does the sudden withdrawal of shield 92 with potential constantly applied to cathode 12.
With the withdrawal of shield 92, substrate 20 and anode 22 are subjected to high-energy particle bombardment. This suddenly increases the heat input from the sputtering environment to substrate 20 and anode 22. Temperature sensor 110 and temperature control unit 500 react immediately to this increase of heat input by withdrawing heat from anode 22 in the manner described above. As the sputtering continues, the heat input from the sputtering environment to substrate 20 continues, and temperature control unit 500, heater 142 and the coolant continue to withdraw heat from anode 22 and substrate 20 so as to maintain an equilibrium at the desired sputtering temperature. Assuming a desired sputtering temperature of 300 C., as measured by a thermocouple imbedded in substrate 20, the subject apparatus has been shown to maintain the temperature of the substrate within plus or minus one degree centigrade, even during the period when sputtering is first commenced.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. In a sputtering device for depositing thin films of highly uniform characteristics, said sputtering device including a vacuum chamber, a cathode electrode having a discharge surface to be impact evaporated, a substrate, an anode electrode, said electrodes being arranged within said chamber, means to evacuate said chamber and impose within said chamber a suitable pressure of ionizable gas, and means to establish a suitable anode-cathode potential difference to thereby invoke an abnormal glow discharge whereby said discharge surface is impact evaporated and deposited on said substrate, an apparatus for controlling the temperature of the film during deposition thereof, comprising:
substrate mounting means for mounting said substrate Within said chamber, and thermally interconnected with said substrate;
a temperature sensing element for sensing the temperature of said substrate and providing an electrical characteristic which is dependent upon said tem-' perature; means for heating said substrate mounting means; means for convection cooling the interior of said substrate mounting means; and means connected to the output of said temperature sensing means for operating, each for a selected time period, said heating means and said cooling means in response to said characteristic of said temperature sensing means, whereby said film is maintained precisely uniform at a prescribed temperature.
2. The combination of claim 1 wherein:
said substrate mounting means forms a hollow cap, and
said temperature sensing element and said means for heating and cooling are contained within said cap.
3. The combination of claim 2 wherein:
said cap includes separated cavities, a first cavity adjacent the surface of said cap in contact with said substrate and a second cavity separated from said cap surface by said first cavity, and
said temperature sensing element and said cooling means are effective in said first cavity and said heating means is effective in said second cavity.
4. The combination of claim 3 wherein:
said heating means comprises a resistive heating coil,
said cooling means comprises a fluid flow, and
a hermetic and electrical sealing barrier isolating said first and second cavities.
5. The combination of claim 4 wherein said first cavity comprises a plurality of interconnecting channels.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,294,661 12/1966 Maissel 204-192 2,551,697 5/1951 Palmatier 165-36 2,886,502 5/1959 Holland 204-192 3,051,813 8/1962 Busch et al 219-20 3,121,852 2/1964 Boyd et al. 338-19 3,137,587 6/1964 Wieder 117-4 3,161,542 12/1964 Ames et a1. 118-5 3,166,120 1/1965 Butterfield et al. 165-26 3,223,150 12/1965 Trarnontini 165-34 3,244,497 4/1966 Copeland -162 OTHER REFERENCES Iusti: Kaltetchnik, vol. 5, No. 6, 1953, pages 157.
HOWARD S. WILLIAMS, Primary Examiner. 9
ROBERT K. MIHALEK, Examiner.
|Patente citada
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|2 May 1945
|8 May 1951
|Curtiss Wright Corp
|System for supplying heated air for use on aircraft
|23 Oct 1956
|12 May 1959
|Edwards High Vacuum Ltd
|Cathodic sputtering of metal and dielectric films
|24 Ago 1960
|28 Ago 1962
|Gen Electric
|Temperature control systems
|18 Abr 1960
|18 Feb 1964
|Gen Motors Corp
|Ohmic contacts on semiconductors
|7 Nov 1961
|16 Jun 1964
|Wieder Harry H
|Method and apparatus for the manufacture of semiconductor film-type hall generators
|29 Dic 1961
|15 Dic 1964
|Peltier heating and cooling of substrates and masks
|23 May 1962
|19 Ene 1965
|Acme Ind Inc
|Heating or cooling system for heat exchangers
|19 Mar 1962
|14 Dic 1965
|Stewart Warner Corp
|Heat exchanger
|27 Sep 1962
|5 Abr 1966
|Bausch & Lomb
|Glass press mold structure with temperature regulation
|6 Abr 1966
|27 Dic 1966
|Process of coating, using a liquid metal substrate holder
|Patente citante
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|18 Mar 1970
|19 Oct 1971
|Schjeldahl Co G T
|Method and apparatus for coating articles utilizing rotating crucible coating apparatus including a centrifugal-type crucible
|8 Ene 1976
|19 Sep 1978
|Yulia Ivanovna Gorina
|Method of growing epitaxial semiconductor films utilizing radiant heating
|6 Abr 1977
|2 Ene 1979
|Triplex Safety Glass Company Limited
|Apparatus for producing metal oxide films
|29 Nov 1978
|6 May 1980
|Ppg Industries, Inc.
|Low resistance indium oxide coatings
|31 Oct 1977
|28 Abr 1981
|Motorola, Inc.
|Reactor apparatus for plasma etching or deposition
|21 Ago 1980
|13 Sep 1983
|Commonwealth Scientific Corporation
|Workpiece holder
|21 Jul 1983
|11 Nov 1986
|Multi-Arc Vacuum Systems, Inc.
|Electric arc vapor deposition electrode apparatus
|21 Nov 1988
|10 Abr 1990
|At&T Bell Laboratories
|Hollow cathode type magnetron apparatus construction
|15 Abr 1994
|17 Oct 1995
|Multi-Arc Scientific Coatings
|Plasma enhancement apparatus and method for physical vapor deposition
|7 Oct 1994
|21 Ene 1997
|Sony Corporation
|Wafer heating chuck with dual zone backplane heating and segmented clamping member
|2 Nov 1995
|12 Ago 1997
|Vacuum Plating Technology Corporation
|Electric arc vapor deposition apparatus and method
|13 Nov 1997
|3 Ago 1999
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Wafer spinner having a heat controller for fabricating a semiconductor device
|9 Abr 1998
|7 Dic 1999
|Tokyo Electron Limited
|Stacked showerhead assembly for delivering gases and RF power to a reaction chamber
|3 Oct 1997
|11 Ene 2000
|Sony Corporation
|Temperature monitoring and calibration system for control of a heated CVD chuck
|9 Nov 1999
|26 Sep 2000
|Sony Corporation
|Temperature monitoring and calibration system for control of a heated CVD chuck
|6 Jun 1995
|31 Oct 2000
|Multi-Arc Inc.
|Plasma enhancement apparatus and method for physical vapor deposition
|19 Mar 1999
|17 Jul 2001
|Tokyo Electron Limited
|Heat treatment method, heat treatment apparatus and treatment system
|15 Sep 1998
|16 Oct 2001
|Tokyo Electron Limited
|Apparatus and method for electrically isolating an electrode in a PECVD process chamber
|4 Jun 2003
|11 Dic 2007
|Tokyo Electron Limited
|Adaptable processing element for a processing system and a method of making the same
|4 Jun 2003
|9 Dic 2004
|John Lawson
|Adaptable processing element for a processing system and a method of making the same
|1 May 1990
|28 Nov 1990
|Tegal Corporation
|Dual temperature plasma etch
|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|204/298.9, 118/666, 118/59, 165/254
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea


text:
Prof. Samuel Autman Contributes Essay to The Chalk Circle
May 13, 2012
A work by Samuel A. Autman, assistant professor of English at DePauw University, appears in a new anthology, The Chalk Circle: Intercultural Prizewinning Essays. The book has been released by Wyatt-MacKenzie Publishing. Autman contributes "A Dash of Pepper in the Snow."
A synopsis notes, "Award-winning editor Tara L. Masih put out a call in 2007 for intercultural essays dealing with the subjects of 'culture, race, and a sense of place.' The prizewinners are gathered for the first time in a ground-breaking anthology that explores many facets of culture not previously found under one cover. The powerful, honest, thoughtful voices -- Native American, African American, Asian, European, Jewish, White -- speak daringly on topics not often discussed in the open, on subjects such as racism, anti-Semitism, war, self-identity, gender, societal expectations. Their words will entertain, illuminate, take you to distant lands, and spark important discussions about our humanity, our culture, and our place within society and the natural world."
Order the book at Amazon.com.
A former newspaper journalist, Autman's work has appeared in the Birmingham Post-Herald, Tulsa World, Salt Lake Tribune, St. Louis Post-Dispatch and San Diego Union-Tribune. The professor's essay is about his experiences as a journalist in Salt Lake City.
"A Dash of Pepper in the Snow" took a second place award in the 2009 Soul-Making Literary Contest for the Tara L. Masih Intercultural Essay Prize. Learn more here.Back


text:
HOUSTON - Harris County Precinct 6 Constable Victor Trevino made his first court appearance Tuesday after being indicted on criminal charges.
He appeared in court and waived his probable cause hearing.
Trevino spoke to reporters afterward.
"On behalf of my family and myself, I just want to thank the community for their overwhelming support and their prayers. We've cooperated. We're going to continue to cooperate. We're going to see this through all the way," said Trevino.
Trevino is charged with misapplication of fiduciary property, abuse of official capacity and two charges of tampering with government records.
The charges came after a 14-month-long investigation by the Harris County District Attorney's Office Public Integrity Division.
"We're very eager for our day in court. It's a sad day in the community that Constable Trevino's good name has been sullied because of these charges, and we're very eager to having the opportunity to vindicate him and return his good name," said Trevino's attorney, Chip Lewis.
If convicted, Trevino would face up to 10 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000 on the misapplication charges and six months to two years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000 on the other charges.
Trevino was first elected as the Precinct 6 Constable in 1988. Trevino graduated from the Houston Police Academy in 1976. He served as a police officer for 13 years.
Copyright 2012 by Click2Houston.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
Welcome to our newly launched Brandeis Aviation Club website! We're very excited to continue our flying program in the spring 2010 semester and hope you will consider having the experience of a lifetime! You'll find plenty of information on this website about the opportunity to be AT THE CONTROLS of a single-engine airplane and to PILOT the aircraft alongside an FAA-Certified Flight Instructor (CFI). We know you'll love it!
The Brandeis Aviation Club is a chartered, student-run club open to all Brandeis undergraduate students with an interest in flying, REGARDLESS of one's knowledge or experience. In fact, there are only a handful of students on campus holding a pilot's license, so our club is mainly geared to anyone wanting to have the time of their life! Join our Facebook group, where you can post any comments or questions, or hear about others' experiences. We'd love to have feedback so we can improve the club, so please send us your ideas!
As Brandeis students, we are very fortunate to be located near Hanscom Field (KBED), which is an air-traffic-controlled airport located only 10 miles north of campus in Bedford, Mass. In addition, we are just over 10 miles west of Boston (15 miles from Logan International Airport [KBOS]), which provides for a great flying environment just a couple thousand feet above campus! Thanks to a wonderful partnership with the flight school, East Coast Aero Club, and their fantastic FAA-certified instructors, we were able to send over 70 students in the air last spring alone! We hope that with adequate funding, we will have equally successful semesters going forward.
Our website is packed with everything you'll need to know before (and during) your flight, so please check it out and read through everything thoroughly.
Why join the Brandeis Aviation Club?
Very few people on campus have ever been in a single engine plane before, let alone had the chance to actually pilot one. Thanks to funds allocated to us by the F-Board, we give you the opportunity to do just that! Thanks to this introductory flight, some students have made the commitment to pursue their Private Pilot License, which is fantastic!
Sign Up and Agreement Form is now available!
While we regret having to charge students, this is unfortunately necessary so that more students can have this great opportunity. Each student is required to contribute $20 toward their flight, and Aviation Club will contribute the remaining $105 per flight (thanks to funding by F-Board). Each student will sit at the controls and fly the airplane with an FAA-Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) sitting beside them in a single-engine airplane, provided by East Coast Aero Club, Inc.You must fill out this form for yourself (found under the "Student Information" page of our website), which includes your agreement to pay the needed $20 (barring unforeseen circumstances).We look forward to a great semester of flying; thanks in advance ...
Posted Mar 1, 2011 10:44 PM by Jonathan Berkman
Info Session (attending 1 is needed to fly: 9/14 or 9/16)
* * * If you want to fly this
semester, we will now hold 2 INFORMATION SESSIONS, and you MUST ATTEND
ONE of them. Please choose 1 of these events to attend, and please tell
your friends so they don't miss out on a fantastic opportunity!The first one will be TUESDAY 9/14 from 8-9pm in the Multipurpose Room (Shapiro Campus Center, room 236)The second one will be THURSDAY 9/16 from 7-8 in Shapiro Campus Center room 313We'll explain how our club works, so make sure to come if you want to be at the controls of an airplane with an instructor!
Posted Sep 11, 2010 5:55 PM by Brandeis Aviation
Posted by Jonathan Berkman
Showing posts 1 - 3 of 5. View more »


text:
Oregon Judicial Department
The Supreme Court opinions are published weekly on Thursdays. During weeks in which there is a Monday holiday, the Supreme Court will generally issue its media releases and opinions on Friday.
Click on the links below to view the opinions issued for that given year. You may also use the Search to find opinion by numbers, titles, or keywords.
Please Note:We've made searching more efficient. You may now search opinions using our search page. Just enter opinion number, titles, or keywords to locate your file.
2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998
Are you sure you would like to leave?
You are currently running an old version of IE, please upgrade for better performance.


text: step 1 Drag each selection from left to right and drop into the favorites panel. step 2 Click the "Order Samples" button and complete the shipping form and final selections. Samples are shipped in 2 to 5 business days. CH388 (47.2"dia.) finish options: Oak painted black has clearly visible wood structure. Beech has a minimum of structure when painted.


text:
Direct subsidized
* For undergraduates who demonstrate financial need
* Department of Education pays the interest while the student is in school at least half-time, for the first six months after the student leaves school and during a period of deferment (a postponement of loan payments).
* Interest rate currently at 3.86 percent
Direct unsubsidized
* For undergraduate, graduate and professional students
* No requirement to show financial need
* Student is responsible for paying interest
* If students choose not to pay the interest during school, grace periods and deferment, interest will accrue and be added to the principal loan amount
* Interest rate currently at 3.86 percent for undergraduates and 5.41 percent for graduate students
Direct PLUS
* Made to graduate or professional students and parents of dependent undergraduates
* Borrower must have good credit history
* Fixed interest rate of 6.41 percent
Direct consolidation
* Allow borrowers to combine all of their eligible federal student loans into a single loan with a single loan servicer
* Interest rate is the weighted average of the interest rates on the loans being consolidated. This rate is fixed for the life of the loan and capped at 8.25 percent.
Other federal loan programs:
Stafford loans
* For undergraduates and graduate students enrolled in college at least half-time
* Unsubsidized and subsidized options
* Fixed interest rate, currently at 3.86 percent for undergraduates and 5.41 percent for graduate students
Perkins loans
* Low-interest, need-based loans for low-income undergraduate, graduate and vocational students attending eligible institutions
* Loan amount depends on a student's financial need and the availability of his or her school's funds
* Fixed interest rate of 5 percent
Unlike loans, grant money does not have to be paid back. Grants are provided by federal and state governments:
Pell Grants (federal)
* Amount depends on a student's financial need, costs to attend school, status as a full-time or part-time student and plans to attend school for a full academic year or less
* Loan amounts change annually. The maximum for the 2013-14 award year is $5,645
Cal Grants (state)
* Can be used to pay for expenses (from tuition and room and board to textbooks) at any qualifying California school
* Applicants must fill out FAFSA or California Dream Act Application, be a U.S. citizen or eligible non-citizen or meet AB540 (California Dream Act) criteria, be a California resident when they graduated from high school, have financial need, have family income and assets below established ceilings, meet minimum GPA requirements, be enrolled at least half-time, not owe a refund on a state or federal grant or be in default on a student loan.
Source: Federal Student Aid office website, part of the U.S. Department of Education
This story contains 471 words.
Stories older than 90 days are available only to subscribing members. Please help sustain quality local journalism by becoming a subscribing member today.
If you are already a subscriber, please log in so you can continue to enjoy unlimited access to stories and archives. Subscriptions start at $5 per month and may be cancelled at any time.


text:
Climate Change Reshaping Urban Tree Populations
Despite protecting us from the impacts of a changing climate, our region's trees are also threatened by wetter and warmer weather. The urban forests of today will look much different by the end of the century.
By the end of this century, scientists predict southern New England's seas will rise some 3 feet, and without major cuts to greenhouse gas emissions, they say summers here will soon resemble Georgia's dog days.
Like the rest of the planet, southern New England's climate is changing, and not all of the changes are as noticeable as, say, three straight days of rain that dump a foot or so of water (2010), an October snowstorm (2011), or a superstorm that hangs around for a few days (Sandy, 2012).
Some changes are less obvious, such as the 10-inch rise in sea level that has taken place along the Newport shoreline since 1931, or the greater frequency of 2-inch rainfalls since the 1950s. There's also the often-unseen toll the changing climate is having and will have on infrastructure and buildings.
In October 2013, Boston officials released a report entitled "Climate Ready Boston," which listed things the city should be doing to adapt to climate change, such planting more trees to lessen the heat-island effect and help cool a warming city.
But what kind of trees should we be planting? It's not our father's southern New England anymore. In the past decade, the region has witnessed an increase in extreme rain and snowfall events. Southern New England is becoming wetter and warmer, which means trees that once thrived for centuries may not stand up to climate change.
Climate scientists have told Chicago officials that their city will feel more like New Orleans by 2050. To prepare, the city has started planting sweet gums, swamp oaks and other heat-tolerant trees instead of white oak, the state tree of Illinois.
For trees to reach their expected lifespan — 90 years or so — they must be able to endure changing conditions. A changing climate also means trees must deal with stressors such as insects and disease, according to Doug Still, Providence's city forester.
To deal with climate change and the additional problems it creates, Providence's tree-planting efforts are centered around diversity. "We haven't changed our plans too much to accommodate climate change specifically," said Still, the city forester since 2005. "It's about planting a diverse mix to create an urban forest that is resilient."
Read more at ecoRI News.
Urban sidewalk image via Shutterstock.


text:
Nov. 30, 2011
University of Wisconsin-Stout students in the student chapter of American Hotel & Lodging Association have had a busy and profitable November.
The 13 students, all majors in hotel, restaurant and tourism management, received scholarships while attending the Wisconsin Hotel & Lodging Association conference Nov. 11 in Appleton.
Lynne Jones, of New Brighton, Minn., and Sarah Sawasky, of Appleton, were awarded WH&LA scholarships of $500 and $1,000, respectively.
Jones, Kelli Roessler, of Waunakee, and Jennifer Schlitz, of Prior Lake, Minn., were awarded $1,000 scholarships from the American Hotel & Lodging Association.
Students also received WH&LA conference scholarships allowing them to attend the educational sessions, recognition luncheon, special student session and trade show.
Jones and Sawasky received conference scholarships as did: Cindy Beans, Ely, Minn.; Molly Borndale, Maplewood, Minn.; Heather Harmeyer, Milwaukee; Maria Aldea, Galati, Romania; David O'Connor, Cross Plains; Kirsten Blyth, Waterloo; Sean Sturman, Green Bay; Anna King, Esko, Minn.; and Amy Eidahl, Eau Claire.
UW-Stout School of Hospitality Leadership faculty members James Buergermeister, Phillip McGuirk and Damian Hanft also attended the conference.
An event attracting 20 UW-Stout alumni from the New York area was held during the conference.
Club Managers Association of America
The UW-Stout student chapter of the Club Managers Association of America recently sent 20 members to the CMAA student conference in Chicago.
One of the students who attended was Anna Jones, of Wild Rose. She also recently toured five Twin Cities-area golf clubs, including Hazeltine, which has held several major U.S. championships.
The UW-Stout CMAA chapter is holding a silent auction from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Wednesday, Dec. 7, on the second floor lobby of Heritage Hall and online. Bidding starts at 9 p.m. Tuesday, Dec. 6, and ends at 11:59 p.m. Thursday, Dec. 8. To bid online go to www.32auctions.com, enter the auction ID name: stoutcmaa11 and the password: futureleaders. With questions, contact email@example.com or McGuirk, 715-232-2244, firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
What Your Eyes Can't See
You must see the video before reading the text, because this is kind of a spoiler. I've always been a fan of illusions and this guy has managed to have a ton all in one spot. I kind of felt there was something fishy because some objects were out of focus, not sure if that was deliberate. One can read about my favorite illusion so far [here] .


text:
The subject of intentional breeding or meat rabbits is prohibited. The answers provided on this board are for general guideline purposes only. The information is not intended to diagnose or treat your pet. It is your responsibility to assess the information being given and seek professional advice/second opinion from your veterinarian and/or qualified behaviorist.
LEADERS: Azerane Bam BinkyBunny JerseyGirl LBJ10 LittlePuffyTail LongEaredLions RabbitPam
Saw this for hte first time today: [AF: PROFILE:REGION] under my name , above the avatar when reading posts. Looks liek everybunny had them. Is it just me, or does anyoen else see it?
Sometimes I see the pages load where all the links are like that. i.e. the "quote, reply, alert" appears in format similar to the profile one you posted. Various other stuff too. I have to refresh or backpage to get it to load properly. Maybe it's the function codes?


text:
Council members agreed on Monday, Sept. 30, that "core values" should be enduring, if not "timeless," and that they should guide all council decisions. But after an hour-long discussion of this lofty question, the council balked at actually adopting any values and instead kicked off a community exercise aimed at harnessing the wisdom of the crowd.
The issue of values came up thanks to the council's decision in February to decouple abstract and idealistic concepts like "financial sustainability" and "youth well-being" from its list of annual priorities and to redefine "priorities" to mean actionable items with a shelf life of one to three years.
Core values would be far less ephemeral and a little more global. Earlier this year, Mayor Greg Scharff, Councilwoman Liz Kniss and City Manager James Keene drafted a preamble that defines core values as "foundational and ongoing (timeless)" and which would "inform the Council's decisions and staff actions every day and in every applicable encounter." They proposed a list of five core values: quality of life; safe and healthy communities; stewardship (financial and environmental); open government and civic participation; and innovation and entrepreneurship.
The council quickly agreed on Monday to set aside the list in favor of a more inclusive approach. Members reasoned that adopting "civic participation" as a core value without any civic participation in the decision would be an unfortunate irony. With that in mind, the council voted 7-0, with Kniss and Councilwoman Gail Price absent, to reach out to the people for help and to revisit the question early next year, at the council's next annual retreat.
This outreach was proposed by Councilman Marc Berman, who pointed out that it's the "core values of the community" that are being adopted, not "the core values of the council." Berman proposed using an online tool that allows residents to submit their ideas on the city's core values. Outreach could also include a whiteboard set up in the City Hall lobby, Berman said. The exercise, he said, will give the council "a unique and awesome and exciting opportunity to engage the public."
Councilman Pat Burt agreed, though he suggested that expecting these values to be "timeless" is a little over the top. "Enduring" is more like it, he said. Setting these values, he said, will require "in-depth discussion" among council members and with the community.
Councilwoman Karen Holman proposed that the city adopt as an overarching "bedrock" principle the idea that the council serves the will of the people. She cited a placard in front of City Hall with the Henry Clay quote, "Government is a trust, and the officers of the government are trustees; and both the trust and the trustees are created for the benefit of the people."
Her colleagues took no issue with this idea. By a 7-0 vote, they directed staff to come up with an outreach plan to the community, which would include language describing the purpose of the exercise — to gauge the will of the people. Staff is scheduled to present this plan to the council in November.
Keene, meanwhile, emphasized the need to reach out to a broad spectrum of the community before adopting the values.
"I think if we're going to do this, we ought to do it in a way that tries to capture a lot of attention, so we don't have just the people who know how to access City Hall to be expressing it — that's a limited perspective," Keene said.
This story contains 595 words.
Stories older than 90 days are available only to subscribing members. Please help sustain quality local journalism by becoming a subscribing member today.
If you are already a subscriber, please log in so you can continue to enjoy unlimited access to stories and archives. Subscriptions start at $5 per month and may be cancelled at any time.


text:
Hello,This is difficult to explain,
bear(sp) with me please.
I got an alert for a new program trying to access the internet.
Knowing what it was I allowed it.
After that program was closed, there is still a Zone Alarm Alert
on the task bar to the left of the running programs, like there is when there is a window open such as now, the Internet Explorer New Message is there because that is the window that is open while I'm typing this.
When I hover the mouse over it it says Zone Alarm Security Alert.
When I click or
double-click or right-click it , nothing happens.
Is this just stuck there from the new program alert?
Or is there some way to see what this is?
Operating System:Windows XP Home Edition
Software Version:7.0
Product Name:ZoneAlarm (Free)


text:
How well do you know your MoMA? If you think you can identify the artist and title of each of these works—all currently on view in the Painting and Sculpture and Contemporary galleries—please submit your answers by leaving a comment on this post. We'll provide the answers next month (on Friday, November 8).
Congratulations to Jaime Saez Fernandez, the first to correctly identify the six works in a special all-Matisse challenge. Do you have what it takes to claim this month's title?
1. Henri Matisse. Bather. 1909
2. Henri Matisse. Goldfish and Palette. 1914
3. Henri Matisse. Periwinkles / Moroccan Garden. 1912
4. Henri Matisse. The Rose Marble Table. 1917
5. Henri Matisse. The Moroccans. 1915–16
6. Henri Matisse. Woman on a High Stool (Germaine Raynal). 1914


text:
DivX Live Debut
DivX Live is the newest addition to our end-to-end HEVC solution. An exciting new feature still in beta, DivX Web Player (released in DivX v10.2), will support DivX Live streaming of HEVC video over MPEG-DASH right in your browser on Windows or Mac computers. The sections below will explain the new DivX Live streaming feature in greater detail.
What is DivX Live?
It is DivX's simultaneous adoption of DASH and HEVC. DivX Live is a new feature built upon the adaptive streaming technology initially launched with DivX Plus Streaming. In technical terms, DivX Live implements the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over Http (DASH for short) protocol for Live streaming. The following profile specifications are currently supported by DivX Web Player.