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This study is provided by ICPSR. ICPSR provides leadership and training in data access, curation, and methods of analysis for a diverse and expanding social science research community.
Eurobarometer 54LAN: Special Survey on Languages, December 2000 (ICPSR 3210)
Principal Investigator(s): Hartung, Harald, European Commission
This round of Eurobarometer surveys, which diverged from the standard Eurobarometer topics, queried respondents on foreign languages. Respondents were asked what languages they spoke and on what level, how they learned or improved in those languages, and how often and for what reasons they used foreign languages. The survey also collected information on motivations for learning other languages, reasons discouraging the learning of other languages, methods of learning foreign languages and their effectiveness, and the availability of language courses in respondents' living areas. Those polled were also asked whether knowing foreign languages was useful, what languages were the most useful to know, where they would look for information about opportunities to learn languages, and whether they preferred to watch foreign movies/programs with subtitles rather than with dubbing. Additional questions sought respondents' opinions on the necessity to speak European Union (EU) languages, reasons why children should learn other European languages at school, and the influence of the EU enlargement on communication among the EU member countries. Standard demographic information collected includes age, gender, occupation, age at completion of education, and size of locality.
Series: Eurobarometer Survey Series
Access Notes
Data in this collection are available only to users at ICPSR member institutions. Please log in so we can determine if you are with a member institution and have access to these data files.
ASCII + SAS Setup SPSS Setup Stata Setup
Study Description
Hartung, Harald. Eurobarometer 54LAN: Special Survey on Languages, December 2000. ICPSR03210-v2. Cologne, Germany: GESIS/Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributors], 2010-05-05. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR03210.v2
Persistent URL: https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR03210.v2
Export Citation:
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Scope of Study
Subject Terms: acculturation, attitudes, bilingual education, bilingualism, European unification, European Union, foreign languages, language study, political influence, public opinion, quality of life, social change, social integration
Smallest Geographic Unit: country
Geographic Coverage: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Europe, Finland, France, Germany, Global, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
- 2000-12-06--2000-12-23
- 2000-12-06--2000-12-23
Unit of Observation: individual
Universe: Citizens of the EU aged 15 and over residing in the 15 EU member countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
The original data collection was carried out by the European Opinion Research Group - EEIG on request of the European Commission.
The codebook and setup files for this collection contains characters with diacritical marks used in many European languages.
The documentation and/or setup files may contain references to Norway, but Norway was not a participant in this wave of Eurobarometer surveys. This collection contains no data for Norway.
"Technical Specifications" for this collection were not provided by the data producer. Please refer to the "Processing Notes" section of the ICPSR codebook for the number of interviews and fieldwork dates for each country surveyed.
No data are made available for P7_FRA (NUTS II/REGION I) for France.
Sample: Multistage national probability samples.
Weight: Please review the "Weighting Information" section of the ICPSR codebook for this Eurobarometer study.
Mode of Data Collection: face-to-face interview
Extent of Processing: ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:
- Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.
Original ICPSR Release: 2001-10-01
- 2010-05-05 The data have been further processed by GESIS, and the SPSS setup file and the codebook have been updated. Also, SAS and Stata setup files, SPSS and Stata system files, a SAS transport (CPORT) file, a tab-delimited ASCII data file, and a data collection instrument have been added.
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With as well as FC Dallas is playing this season, you figure there is sure to be at least an All-Star or two on the roster and this morning Major League Soccer announced the opponent for the 2013 MLS All-Star Game.
Italian giants AS Roma will be taking on the MLS All-Stars at Sporting Park in Kansas City on July 31 (8PM CT, ESPN2, UniMas).
This is the tenth time in MLS All-Star Game history that Major League Soccer will be taking on an international club and for the first time they'll be playing a club from Italy's Serie A.
Of course, Roma is the home club of American midfielder Michael Bradley and their star-studded roster includes player like Daniele De Rossi and Francesco Totti.
"We are honored to host AS Roma for the 2013 MLS All-Star Game. The weeklong events and game will be great for Kansas City as our fans here deserve it," Sporting Club CEO Robb Heineman told MLSsoccer.com. "Our ownership group and organization is setting a strong emphasis on making this the best All-Star game there has been in our league. We welcome AS Roma, a great club with tremendous history, to Sporting Park on July 31st where it will be as loud and passionate as ever."

subset: commoncrawl


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Kes' Comments
(6) comments by Kes
Comments by Date (6)
Not only is this guy a good looking frog, I'm excited about his croak and bubble abilities. I'm using an aquatic stone to upgrade the blue skin one I got since I find farming pets on the Isle of Thunder to be a lot of work (and a lot of dying for me).
Around 6:30pm server time on Trollbane, flew into Winter's Blossom, it was snowing, and I headed north up the path. Found one just around the first bend and it was a rare.
Found them easy enough today in Thundermar and Kirthaven, but I'm Horde and it wouldn't let me battle them even though they have pet icons. There was one hanging out by the flight path in Thundermar (which I killed trying to get it to battle) and two by the flight path in Kirthaven. Back to battling other pets in hopes of getting lucky!
Been watching one spawn every 10 mins in the same spot on the East side of Wyrmbog. Flying around I haven't seen any others, and am at one common and two poors so far.
Found a common one this afternoon just outside Vendetta Point. Flew all over this morning with no luck, logged back on and decided to fly north and found one within two minutes. Wasn't in a herd, just wandering on its own, and the second pet in the battle was an untameable rare Gazelle. Happy to find the giraffe!
Lucked out and found a rare on the first attempt just west of Terror Run. Second two pets added to the battle were just common Ash Lizard and Long Tailed Mole.


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The ad placed in the White Mountain Independent reads as follows:
"If you voted for Barack Obama your business is not welcome at Southwest Shooting Authority. You have proven that you are not responsible enough to own a firearm."
To Whom it May Concern:
I thought you all might be interested in this.
We will try to demonstrate once again that the bottom line for our business is principle, not money.
Yes, it has been damaging at times but our values are intact.
Effective immediately, if you voted for Obama, your money is no good here. You have proven beyond a doubt that you are not responsible enough to own a firearm. We have just put a sign up on the front door to save you the trouble of walking all the way in here…
I took this ad out in our local paper. It will come out in the White Mountain Independent tomorrow, 9 November
Cope Reynolds
Reynolds joins a list that includes secessionists, Holly Solomon, also from the great state of Arizona, who ran over her husband for not voting for Mitt Romney, teen billionaire Peter Brant II who 'joked' about killing President Obama on Twitter for making him "poor," rioting students at Ole Miss, and Florida resident Henry Hamilton, who commited suicide because he couldn't stand the thought of Barack Obama being President of the United States.
Reynolds has also voiced his support of Arizona's neo-secessionist movement on Twitter, telling his followers to know the law when it comes to carrying unconcealed weapons.
Why, in case there's a Civil War?
This has gone way beyond ridiculous.
Hopefully people will calm down as President Obama's second term gets under way; if not, we're in for quite an interesting 4 years.
10 Crazy GOP Meltdowns After Obama's Re-Election
Paul Ryan Blames Obama Win On 'Urban Areas'
Romney Takes Jabs At Hispanics, Young Voters In New Audio Recordings
Read more http://newsone.com/2084090/arizona-gunshop-bans-obama-supporters/


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White Sox strengthen bullpen with Frasor
By Scott Merkin / MLB.com
For those who think the South Siders don't have what it takes to catch the Tigers, then Wednesday's deal looks like the beginning of a potential fire sale. But those who believe that the White Sox can capture a winnable division, without a force sitting at the top, then this move actually could be viewed as strengthening the South Siders' cause.
In return for the right-handed starter and utility player, the White Sox received right-handed reliever Jason Frasor and Minor League hurler Zach Stewart. White Sox general manager Ken Williams spoke of Stewart as a player he's been watching for the last couple of seasons, a pitcher who could work in the Majors before the end of the 2011 season, but Frasor is clearly the key to this maneuver.
Frasor, 34, supplements an already strong White Sox relief crew, especially easing the workload for right-handed setup man Jesse Crain.
"We began to get worried about Jesse Crain's overusage," Williams said. "Not that he is being overused, but the potential is when you get into August and September, you tax a guy, he becomes ineffective and you might end up hurting him. Now, we've insulated ourselves against that."
"I wish I had Frasor before we faced them in Toronto," said a smiling White Sox manager Ozzie Guillen of the right-hander, who had a 2.98 ERA over 44 games for the Blue Jays. "But I think this kid is one of the best out there. I think he's going to help this year, next year. When we use [Sergio] Santos as closer, we were one right-handed man short in the bullpen. That's why I like that decision."
The White Sox already have received calls on Frasor, according to Williams, but they have no intention on flipping the native of Oak Forest, Ill., a southwest suburb about 35 minutes from U.S. Cellular Field. The team holds a $3.75 million option on Frasor for 2012.
who's going where?
|Blue Jays
|White Sox
|Octavio Dotel
|Trever Miller
|Jason Frasor
|Edwin Jackson
|Colby Rasmus
|Zach Stewart
|Corey Patterson
|Brian Tallet
|Marc Rzepczynski
|Mark Teahen
|3 PTBNL or cash
|P.J. Walters
In moving Jackson, the White Sox traded from a position of apparent strength. They have been using a six-man rotation for much of the time since Jake Peavy returned on May 11, and now will be counting on Peavy and Philip Humber to fill out this starting five for the final two months of this season.
Jackson previously has been traded by the Dodgers, Rays, Tigers and D-backs, and was then flipped by the Blue Jays to the Cardinals as part of a deal for Colby Rasmus later on Wednesday. A free agent after the 2011 season, the Scott Boras client was unlikely to return to the White Sox.
So, he calmly received the news and shook hands with his teammates before leaving behind his latest team.
"You leave a great group of guys," said Jackson, whose trade value increased after giving up just two runs in the last 15 innings. "But at the end of the day, it's nothing I can control. The only thing I can do is pitch for the team I'm with and help that team win."
"Let me just say this. Edwin Jackson and Mark Teahen are the consummate professionals," Williams said. "Just good guys and good workers, but we needed to make a little bit of a dent in our payroll here, which has been stressed a little bit."
That payroll reached a franchise-record $127 million with the club's offseason additions. But this underachieving team has not responded on the field, and the fans have not responded at the gate.
By moving Teahen and Jackson, the White Sox were able to save approximately $9.5 million, with Teahen still owed $5.5 million for 2012.
"I'm not overly surprised, I understand the move," Teahen said. "I wasn't being used a whole lot, and we, the White Sox, go back to a five-man rotation now and they get a piece in Frasor that will help them out. So the move makes sense."
Teahen's subtraction from the roster means the White Sox were able to call up Alejandro De Aza from Triple-A Charlotte and insert him in Wednesday afternoon's starting lineup in center field. De Aza could cut into a struggling Alex Rios' playing time over the final 60 games, with Williams telling Guillen on Wednesday to simply worry about playing the individuals who give the team the best chance to win.
Third base will be manned by rookie Brent Morel and ageless veteran Omar Vizquel, but the White Sox could still get creative before Sunday's 3 p.m. CT Trade Deadline and add another significant piece. Of course, they also could make more moves trying to build for the future while keeping some semblance of a division title hope alive for 2011.
"They've been going at it hard. It's been encouraging," said Williams of his current team. "I even found encouragement in last night's loss because they battled their tails off. Justin Verlander is a tough dude out there. We had some guys shorten their swings and battle at-bat after at-bat and we had a chance to win.
"That's all you can hope for. We keep getting that kind of intensity, I think we are more likely to stick with the situation than to go the direction I mentioned the other day. Let's wait until we get to Sunday."
Scott Merkin is a reporter for MLB.com. Read his blog, Being Ozzie Guillen, and follow him on Twitter @scottmerkin. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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now im def watching the dunk contest i was going to regardless but now that Nate is in it, it makes it that much more fun u know he's got something good no way he was gonna stop after a sub-par dunk contest in his second tour
DaTPRiNCE...That EGYPTiAN Fella, #MeloMafia
which players also participate in slam dunk contest as Knicks? Kenny Walker and Doug Christie?
yeah that is exciting, what is even more exciting is how fun the eastern conference playoffs will be this year. The like 6 years the east has been boring as all ****.
I see a good game between east and west.. We got AI, meaning he will score 30 and everyone else will score two.. so, lets not put him on the team! Wilson Chandler will guaranteed be at the Rok Soph game.. I could see Harrington reserve.. that's about it though.. maybe Duhon with all those assists.. D'Antoni should be the coach, he brought a 20 win team to a spot in the playoffs right now.. Walsh should be P of B O if there was one at the game.. Gallinari won't make it because he has been injured too much.. Steph might make it as a starter.. He's number 12 I think at guard!! LOL
they take the coaches whos teams have the best record at the break
Phil Jackson(no one catching the Lakers)
either Mike Brown or Doc Rivers
although a D'Antoni coached east team will be fun to watch
DaTPRiNCE...That EGYPTiAN Fella, #MeloMafia
Great to see Nate in it again reppin us but i think Rudy Gays got this on lock
i wish u are right though, maybe Magic will bring some chaos in
or we make the playoffs - then it's fun no matter what
I hope Joe Alexander gets into the dunk contest also, he'll open some eyes I bet (he gets no time on the Bucks behind R.Jefferson)
" It's a new era for the Knicks "


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The View from Hell
Should we make new people? Should we force people to remain alive?
Saturday, February 21, 2015
Review the Future Podcast
Friday, January 16, 2015
Core Frameworks
- Christopher Alexander, Notes on the Synthesis of Form (PDF)
- Christopher Alexander, Sara Ishikawa, & Murray Silverstein, A Pattern Language (PDF)
- Martin Daly & Margo Wilson, Homicide
- Philippe Rochat, Others in Mind: The Social Origins of Self-Consciousness
- Roy Baumeister, Meanings of Life
- Keith Johnstone, Impro: Improvisation and the Theater
- Aidan Kavanagh, On Liturgical Theology
- Jonathan Haidt, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Politics and Religion
Peripheral Frameworks
- Donald E. Brown, Human Universals
- Alex Messoudi, Cultural Evolution: How Darwinian Theory Can Explain Human Culture & Synthesize the Social Sciences
- Matthew Hurley, Daniel Dennett, & Reginald Adams Jr., Inside Jokes: Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind
- Julian Jaynes, The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind (PDF)
- Laurence Gonzales, Deep Survival: Who Lives, Who Dies, and Why
- W.Y. Evans-Wentz, The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries (text)
- Amy Chua, World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Terror
- Michael Lesy, Wisconsin Death Trip
- Lewis Hyde, The Gift: Imagination and the Erotic Life of Property (PDF)
- David Benatar, Better Never to Have Been
- Thomas Ligotti, The Conspiracy Against the Human Race
- Adam Seligman & Robert Weller, Rethinking Pluralism: Ritual, Experience, and Ambiguity
- Roger Schank, Tell Me a Story: A New Look at Real and Artificial Memory
- Linda Dégh, American Folklore and the Mass Media
- Douglas Hofstadter, Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid (PDF
- Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams (PDF)
- Carl Jung, Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle
- Evan S. Connell, The Connoisseur
- Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire
- B. Traven, The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
- David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest
- Iris Murdoch, The Message to the Planet
- Thomas Pynchon, The Crying of Lot 49
Saturday, January 10, 2015
Ritual and the Consciousness Monoculture
Tuesday, November 25, 2014
Every Cradle Is A Grave
Also, if you like, check out my recent work on my other, wordpress View From Hell blog on cultural evolution. (I have been progressively avoiding blogspot as it has become progressively unfriendly as a tool, and will likely migrate over to a wordpress blog in the future.)
Thanks to everyone for your support and patience!
Monday, November 3, 2014
Impro and the Cultural Destruction of Creativity
Suppose an eight-year-old writes a story about being chased down a mouse-hole by a monstrous spider. It'll be perceived as 'childish' and no one will worry. If he writes the same story when he's fourteen it may be taken as a sign of mental abnormality. Creating a story, or painting a picture, or making up a poem lay an adolescent wide open to criticism. He therefore has to fake everything so that he appears 'sensitive' or 'witty' or 'tough' or 'intelligent' according to the image he's trying to establish in the eyes of other people. If he believed he was a transmitter, rather than a creator, then we'd be able to see what his talents really were.Keith Johnstone, Impro, pp. 78-79. One of the most important books that exists.
We have an idea that art is self-expression — which historically is weird. An artist used to be seen as a medium through which something else operated. He was a servant of the God. Maybe a mask-maker would have fasted and prayed for a week before he had a vision of the Mask he was to carve, because no one wanted to se his Mask, they wanted to see the God's. When Eskimos believed that each piece of bone only had one shape inside it, then the artist didn't have to 'think up' an idea. He had to wait until he knew what was in there — and this is crucial. When he'd finished carving his friends couldn't say 'I'm a bit worried about that Nanook at the third igloo', but only, 'He made a mess getting that out!' or 'There are some very odd bits of bone about these days.' These days of course the Eskimos get booklets giving illustrations of what will sell, but before we infected them, they were in contact with a source of inspiration that we are not. It's no wonder that our artists are aberrant characters. It's not surprising that great African sculptors end up carving coffee tables, or that the talent of our children dies the moment we expect them to become adult. Once we believe that art is self-expression, then the individual can be criticised not only for his skill or lack of skill, but simply for being what he is.
Schiller wrote of a 'watcher at the gates of the mind', who examines ideas too closely. He said that in the case of the creative mind 'the intellect has withdrawn its watcher from the gates, and the ideas rush in pell-mell, and only then does it review and inspect the multitude.' He said that uncreative people 'are ashamed of the momentary passing madness which is found in all real creators . . . regarded in isolation, an idea may be quite insignificant, and venturesome in the extreme, but it may acquire importance from an idea that follows it; perhaps in collation with other ideas which seem equally absurd, it may be capable of furnishing a very serviceable link.'
Saturday, October 4, 2014
Ride the Crab
Two Patterns, on the structure of public, intimate, and sacred space, and how this structure mirrors that of our conscious selves;
The Last of the Monsters with the Iron Teeth, on the destruction of children's culture; and
Socially Enforced Thought Boundaries, on the nature of community and mental boundaries.
Thursday, September 25, 2014
The first blow changes everything, he says - while the physical pain is surprisingly bearable, the dark realization that the torturer is allowed to do this changes one forever. Help is not coming; there is no help.
"Help" or "support" in this sense is not a function of present material circumstances, but of the community from whom the tortured person is presently cut off. It is a function of their standards, what they will and won't stand for. The idea of "help" in the tortured person's mind is also a function of the community's agency, its ability to miss him and to organize its forces to aid him. It is the community that supports the notion of "help" in his mind, through its sacredness and its actions, and the notion of "help" in his mind fundamentally changes the subjective experience of victimization.
This "help" is justice. It has a component of sacred law - the community's standard for the permissible ways to treat a human being. It has an element of the material, in the sense that the community must gather material force in order to do its duty for its member. It is an idea in each community member's mind, and it being held in common with other community members facilitates the coordination necessary to render material aid. Its sacredness allows it to transcend time, punishing the torturer long after the act of torture occurred, in order to enforce its standards.
The opposite of justice, in this sense of society's "help" existing materially as well as psychologically in victim's minds, transforming their experiences, is Rotherham, UK, police arresting an eleven-year-old girl for being drunk and allowing her rapists to go free.
No person by himself, estranged from a community, can experience justice. Justice is a function of the community, and the community does its duty both psychologically (by having sacred standards) and materially (by coordinating to enforce its sacred standards).
Sunday, September 21, 2014
Something Equivocal
The final moments of the show are a careful implementation of this advice. The very last two sentences of the finale, if interpreted according to the ordinary cultural connotations for "light" and "darkness," provide a note of hope at the end of a grisly but heroic adventure. The darkness seems to occupy a lot of territory, yes, but once the whole universe was all darkness and no light - and now the light seems to be winning!
However, relating his near-death experience just seconds earlier, Rust Cohle offers a different - and entirely reversed - set of meanings for "light" and "darkness." Darkness - a deeper, darker, warmer darkness than mere unconsciousness - seemed to enfold him peacefully, and he felt surrounded by the love of his deceased small daughter. He "let go," hoping to stay in this darkness, but then he woke up. Back to the light.
This speech and its proximity to the final sentences indicate a smart equivocation - with one voice, "light" and "darkness" have their everyday connotations; with another, they are flipped. The latter voice, consonant with Rust Cohle's earlier presentation of his philosophy, also seems consonant with having just visited the worst basement in literature since Cormac McCarthy's The Road, from which basement, like McCarthy's, no one was rescued.
(Originally published by me at http://pastebin.com/PAUBHAct)
Tuesday, August 19, 2014
The Rationality of Catastrophizing
One of the cognitive distortions identified by cognitive-behavioral therapists is catastrophizing - the tendency to worry about something uncertain, and then immediately update toward believing that the worst possible outcome is true. Rumination - an involuntary replaying of social memories viewed through a harshly self-critical filter - reliably produces worries for the mind to turn into catastrophes.
At first glance, catastrophizing seems silly and self-defeating. The catastrophes predicted rarely come to pass. So why do brains continue to do this even after years of evidence of their own poor predictive powers? Why would a person tend to instantly and without evidence believe the worst, over and over again?
It is my hypothesis that catastrophizing is a completely rational behavior when viewed from the perspective of a self involuntarily trapped in a mind, attempting to minimize pain inflicted on it by the mind. It is a literal "mind hack" - gaming the emotional and cognitive system, rather than meeting opponents in the external world.
First, the self obtains information about the pain-delivering algorithm of the mind. A major feature of this algorithm, descriptively speaking, is that the worst pain is generally delivered in response to a loss - a loss in resources, perhaps, but more importantly a loss of social status or social belonging. A change in social status or other resources appears to matter much more to the pain-delivery algorithm than absolute levels of either. The mind rewards the self when the level of external resources or social status increases, punishes the self when it falls, and does not do much when it is stable. Another major feature is that a loss has much more impact than an equivalent gain, in absolute terms. The self's best strategy is to minimize the likelihood of loss in the future, and it is motivated to do so by rumination and fear.
However, the self has another option to avoid being punished by the mind for losses over which it has limited or no control: the self can manipulate its own beliefs to avoid perceiving a loss as a loss. It accomplishes this by catastrophizing.
When the self catastrophizes, it updates toward believing that a loss has already happened. Since this epistemic manipulation is, first, imaginary, and second, under one's own control, the ordinary pain response to loss is not engaged. Meanwhile, one's internally-tracked "position" is made less precarious and vulnerable to uncontrollable factors; instead of risking a fall from a tightrope, one climbs down to the bottom by catastrophizing.
Should the catastrophe materialize, the self will not be punished by the mind (as much), since it did not subjectively experience a loss - it experienced the world being the same as it predicted. More commonly, should the catastrophe fail to materialize, the self will experience a reward, since from the self's perspective, its position just went from rock bottom to much improved.
In summary, catastrophizing is a strategy the self employs in order to "game" the reward and punishment system of the mind - in a manner that is likely totally at odds with the genetic interests of the organism hosting the self. Rumination, fear, and the infliction by the mind of intolerable levels of pain or shame are likely predictors of the catastrophizing "mind hack."
Monday, August 11, 2014
Beauty is Fit
Crabs are the endpoint of carcinisation
(A synthesis of beauty and fit in the design sense, by me)
Tuesday, July 22, 2014
I post as Birgus latro (the coconut crab) - here are my two posts so far:
What is intelligence? - a brief model of the things we mean by intelligence, whether machine or human, and their relationship to consciousness.
Toward the Synthesis of Flourishy Forms - applying concepts from Christopher Alexander's design method and elaborating them into space and time.
Tuesday, July 8, 2014
Children, Education, and Status
If children produced nothing, Maya parents would have to work 2.5 times as hard as they do to maintain their children's consumption between the 20th and 33rd years of the family life cycle. Were it not for the economic contributions of children, parents in their fourth and fifth decades would have to increase their work effort by 150%, each parent working more than 16.5 hours a day (real-time hours).
- hard working and helpful, especially at the work of raising a large family;
- self-sufficient at an early age;
- submissive to adults;
- the only path to adult status


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Norma,Thanks for the compliment!I'm using Boar's Head NY White Cheddar for the edges, 2oz per pan (shredded), and a 60:40 mix of whole milk:part skim mozzarella (both Boar's Head brand), 4 oz per pan (shredded), plus 1oz of the cheddar for the rest of the pan, for a total of 7oz cheese per 8x10. The 350g per pan comes from taster's preference. I started with that amount because that's the weight I use for a 16" NY and everyone liked it. I tried backing down to 320g with the same sauce and cheese load and most people preferred the 350g going head-to-head with the 320. So I've settled on 350g. Cheers,Britt
Norma,What's the latest on the brick cheeses you've been sampling? Can you narrow it down to perhaps two choices, one sharp and one mild? I do have access to a commercial account and I would like to purchase some brick, but don't want to get anything except the best!Thanks,Britt
I'm using KASL with 70% hydration and 2% IDY with a quick mix with a paddle, five minute rest, then 2-3 minutes on speed 1 (in a Kitchen Aide). The dough is sticky and rough at this point. I just leave it in the bowl as-is and give it an hour at room temp followed by a couple of gentle kneads, weighing (350g for an 8x10), and balling. The dough is now silky smooth and can form a tight ball. After 24 hours of cold-proofing, I stretch the cold dough out to just fit the pan and let it warm to room temp, stretch a little more if it needs it, and then proof in a 100F oven for about an hour. Baked at 475F for 16-18 minutes depending on toppings. Here are some pics of the latest results:
Peter,I understand that you live in Texas? Have you tried Via 313, yet? ().
Gene,No, I have not. I live in north Texas, outside of Dallas. Via 313 is in central Texas, in Austin. However, as part of my research on the Detroit style pizza, I learned a fair amount about Via 313. See, for example, the thread at http://www.pizzamaking.com/forum/index.php/topic,16820.0.html.Peter
Yes, but Texas is such a small state, should only be a few minutes' drive... :^)
i think you may be directionally dyslexic.
I just don't see Via 313 pizza looking near as good as the examples presented here on this thread, sorry. Also having a hard time imagining those strips of raw bacon cooked below the cheese as being very enjoyable, especially textural wise.
Gene,In my opinion there is enough information between the Buddys thread, the Via 313 thread, Craigs Detroit style pizza thread and this thread to be able to make a credible Buddys clone pizza. It might not be exactly like the Buddys pizza of olden days, but I would think it might be pretty close. With Thelma (Peter) at the helm I dont think Louise (or anyone else) could go wrong on any of this threads. I think Thelma (Peter), PizzaHog and other members have found out about all the information that can be found without more insider information. The only way you will know if any of these are like Buddys pizzas of years ago is to start trying some of the formulations to see what you think. Since you did eat Buddys pizzas years ago, you should know what they are supposed to taste like, the texture of the crumb and so forth. As PizzaHog has stated in the Buddys thread different times, he thinks mild white cheddar might make the Buddys clones taste like the Buddys pizzas of years ago. This is just one of PizzaHogs comments on the Buddys thread about trying mild white cheddar at Reply 280 http://www.pizzamaking.com/forum/index.php/topic,3783.msg119825.html#msg119825 because PizzaHog doesnt think the brick cheese Buddys uses now has the same taste as years ago. Norma
I'm actually happy with my own pizzas, but always eager to read, and learn, more. I think I like reading about Detroit pizza almost as much as eating it!Gene
Gene,What formulation are using now for your Detroit style pizzas and what kind of cheese, or cheeses are you using? Norma
I used the dough formula and recipe I described at Reply 1078 on this post ([ Anonymized URL Blocked ]) - the formula described in Jim Lahey's book, My Pizza, but with the modifications of using Italian 00 flour and mixing for 30-60 seconds in my Kitchenaid at the lowest speed because when I've tried mixing by hand, I had trouble incorporating all the flour.My primary goal was to get the crust and basic characteristics right, so now I'm experimenting. One of the "perks" of being a commercial real estate broker with a specialty in retail is that I have food customers, who do pizza, and I can get a few pounds of All Trumps pretty much anytime, just by asking, so I want to try All Trumps as well as all purpose and bread flour (Better for Bread from the supermarket) and see if I notice a difference and if I do, which one I like best. I do really like the 00, but as I mentioned, a couple of partners and I are thinking of opening a cafe and 00 costs at least twice as much as the alternatives, so I want to see if one of those would work as well.I'm trying to go one variable at a time, so next would be cheese. At the moment, I'm using Trader Joe's pre-shredded mozzarella for the middle, and TJ's Extra-Sharp Wisconsin Cheddar for the edge. If you have an opinion on the alternatives among mild, sharp and extra-sharp, I'd like to hear it. Anyway, I'll probably try different brands to see if I favor any. And for the middle, I can try provolone or a mozzarella-provolone combo. And I certainly plan to try the "good stuff," the cow's milk (as opposed to water buffalo milk) version of the fresh mozzarella used on Neopolitan pizzas. I'm really eager to try the brick cheese everyone is talking about. Anyone know if I can order it for delivery?For sauce, so far, I used a can of crushed tomatoes, probably Hunt's, with a little added oregano and sugar. But I really like 6-in-1, straight out of the can, so that's what I'm going to try next and, I suspect, I'll stick with it.Oh, and I greased the pan with butter-flavored Crisco, after trying olive oil, which did not prevent the cheddar from sticking to the side of the pan.I'm also experimenting with temperature and baking time. The reason I asked you about your oven is because there are some locations here in NYC that are good in terms of traffic, convenience, etc., but where the landlord won't allow cooking or it's not physically possible. I happen to have one customer, Gina La Fornarina, a mini-chain of three Italian restaurants (http://www.ginany.com). As you can see, they have a pretty varied menu ([ Anonymized URL Blocked ]) and the pizzas look good ([ Anonymized URL Blocked ]), like an artisan Neopolitan pizza. But they're baked in a small convection oven, about like this: [ Anonymized URL Blocked ]Trust me, in NYC, being able to get by with a small convection rather than a large commercial Bakers-Pride type deck oven saves a lot of money and also greatly expands the universe of potential locations, so I am very interested in being able to bake Detroit style pizzas in a small convection oven. My impression is that you have a relatively small pizza stand in a flea market or something similar, so though I'm reasonably sure from my home oven results that a small convection oven would work for me, I was hoping that you would be using such an oven and could tell me what temperature and time you were using. But I'm sure I'll figure it out.Gene
I think I did post that I liked the Eddies brick cheese at the Mandi Cheese Shop http://www.mandifoods.com/shop/ I did post a picture of the 6 lb. loaf somewhere on this thread but I cant find where I posted it with the search feature here on the forum.
Norma,I think the photos you are looking for are the ones in Reply 92 at http://www.pizzamaking.com/forum/index.php/topic,21559.msg220599.html#msg220599. As I have mentioned before on a few occasions, the forum's search engine has problems searching for words with an apostrophe s. When I tried searching Eddie's brick cheese this morning, I got zero hits. When I searched using Eddie brick cheese (without the apostrophe s), I got all of the posts with those terms. In my case, I limited the search to just this thread. The forum's search engine also has problems searching for acronyms, and words with hyphens. Knowing what the search engine cannot do is almost getting to be as important as what it can do. Peter


text:
Group Offers Flying Club Start-Up Scholarship
Some Chicago pilots are hoping to foster the creation of at least one new flying club in a place that needs and will support one through the offer of a "scholarship" and some practical advice. Ground Effect Advisors is offering the award, which includes about $3,500 worth of supplies and tools, to the group that rises to the top of a nationwide competition. Applications are being accepted here until May 1. In a podcast interview with AVweb, spokesman Todd McClamroch said there are plenty of scholarships for pilot training but none for mentoring those who want to keep certificated pilots engaged and interested in improving their skills.
McClamroch said flying clubs provide that outlet but they're complicated to create and maintain. Based on their experience with the Leading Edge Flying Club at Chicago Executive Airport, he and his three cohorts are willing to help the right applicant. There have already been 50 applicants since the project went live a week ago, and some prominent sponsors, including AOPA, David Clark and Cirrus, have hopped on board.


text:
+ Lakewood Ranch
Bob Goldberg used his 8-iron to record an ace May 29 on the 125-yard No. 4 of King's Dunes.
Dick Para, Ray Saint, Bill Morris and Bob Rauscher won the two best balls of four net Men's event on Cypress Links May 30. The teams of Jim Schrecongost, Dick Coleman, Alex Baruch and Hale Campbell and Bob Kloss, Goerge Hagar, Van Johnson and Larry Holland both shot 127 for second and third place, respectively.
Jeff Nutson, Jeff Vollweiler, John Digirolamo and Ned Richardson shot 86 to win the one best ball front, two best balls back event on King's Dunes June 3. Jack Jimmink, Jim Lapides, Nick Costides and Dennis Dirks shot 89 for second place and David Dillon, Bill Morgan and Dan Brierton shot 90 for third place.
+ Rosedale
Ben Gaboury used his Adams 5-iron to record an ace May 30 on the 169-yard No. 13 of Rosedale Golf and Country Club.
Peggy Bornstein, Carol Litzinger and Verla Heotis scored 30 to win the scramble nine-hole event June 2.
Stan Flaming, Jim Symons and Dolph Weissenberg scored 23 to win the step a side scramble Men's Golf Association event June 3. Joe Zickert, Frank Schicitano, Ron Lang and Tom Troxell scored 26 for second place.
Barb Sodini, Toni Cicchetti, Verla Heotis and Louise Clayton shot 115 to win the 1-2-3 on 5-4-3 RLGA 18-hole event June 4.
Angie Brewer and Verla Heotis shot 107 to win the three best balls of four nine-hole event June 9. Judy Broehm, Irene Ward and Jean Troxell finished in second place with a 111.
+ Tara
Kristina Senechal, Irene Ras, Jeanne Smith and Karen LeBarre shot 116 to win the two best balls of four net Women's Golf Association event June 2. Nancy Stranz, Helen Kunzman and Mickey Boushton finished in second place with a 118.
Tom Kunzman, Richard Walker, Les Rogers and Bill Cunniff shot 115 to win the two best balls of four event at Heritage Oaks June 3.
+ University Park
Moyra Jackson, Cheryl Kleisnan and Terry Toedter scored 16 to win the low putts nine-hole Ladies Golf Association event May 28. Alynna Fricke, Louise Diana and Shirley Wallahan finished in second place with a 17
The teams of Sondra Ettlinger, Jean Crouch, Cathia Mantia and Candice Miller and Karen Wilson, Pat Helpringer, Linda Jones and Elaine Kulbanko both shot 127 to win the two best balls of four Summer Guest Day event June 2.
+ Waterlefe
Steve and Nancy Smith and Mike and Julie Walsten shot 122 to win the one best men, one best ladies mixed event May 31. Steve and Vicki Sanborn and Ron and Nancy Shoner shot 124 for second place.
Patti Piazza finished two-under par to win Flight 1 of the individual net match play vs. par Ladies' Day event June 2. Jan Richmond shot three-over par to win Flight 2 and Susan Harrison, Kim Hogan and Judy Werner each shot one-over par to tie for first place in Flight 3.
Bill Kiger, Alvin Goldstein, Steve Adams and Gary Corson scored 83 to win the two best balls front, one best ball back Men's Day event June 3.


text:
Masania`i v. The Country Club,
TAGAIMAMAO MASANIA`I, Plaintiff,
APOUA TEDRICK and BILL TEDRICK d.b.a. THE
and ROBERT FAIRHOLT, Defendants.
High Court of American Samoa
Trial Division
CA No. 121-95
January 9, 1998
[1] A land possessor is not an insurer of the safety of its invitees against the acts of third persons, but it has duty to exercise reasonable care in providing them protection, and there being a sufficient history of violence at drinking establishments in American Samoa to warrant adequate security, the defendant, as such an establishment, owed a duty to the plaintiff to provide a reasonable number of security personnel to afford patrons reasonable protection.
[2] A drinking establishment would be vicariously liable for the negligence of its employees only if it discovers, or in the exercise of reasonable care should discover, an impending or occurring accidental, negligent, or intentionally harmful act of a third person.
[3] Security guard employees of a drinking establishment have a duty to [2ASR3d121] act reasonably under the circumstances, but do not have a duty to risk their lives, or a duty to act perfectly; for liability to attach, the evidence must show that they acted unreasonably in trying to prevent a fight, to protect a patron, or in rendering aid to the patron.
[4] Under A.S.C.A. § 27.0531 (a) and (f), a drinking establishment has a duty to refuse entry and service to an intoxicated person, and this duty is breached when alcohol is served to a person who, by his staggering, slurred speech, spitting while talking, glazed eye, and not making sense, is obviously intoxicated, and should have been reasonably discernible to the establishment's employees.
[5] Negligent conduct is the legal cause of harm to another if the conduct is a substantial factor in bringing about the harm, but the negligent serving of alcohol to a person is not a substantial factor in that person's injuries where no evidence shows that he drank it.
[6] A drinking establishment breaches its duty under A.S.C.A. § 27.0531(f) when its employees allow an intoxicated person to enter its premises.
[7] Allowing an intoxicated person to enter a drinking establishment increases the foreseeable and predictable risk that the person will be involved in a drunken altercation, and the establishment is not excused from liability when that person suffers injuries during such an altercation with employees and other patrons, and the establishment is therefore liable for its proportionate share of those injuries.
[8] A plaintiff seeking damages for injuries has the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that a defendant acted to cause harmful contact with him.
[9] Judicial notice may be taken of the court's records in the criminal cases involving the same incident as the civil case, and those records may be sufficient to support a default where the defendants fail to appear at the civil trial.
[10] Under A.S.C.A. § 43.5101, contributory negligence is not a bar to recovery in actions brought for personal injuries; rather, damages are diminished by the court in proportion to the amount of negligence attributable to the person injured, and a person who voluntarily consumes alcohol to the point of intoxication is at least partially responsible for his own injuries.
[11] Where a battery by the defendants is not the superseding cause of the plaintiff's injuries, but was the principal cause of his harm, they are [2ASR3d122] jointly and severally liable for their share of the damages to the plaintiff.
[12] Recovery of punitive or exemplary damages are not denied merely because the wrongful act on which the action is based may be criminally punished; punitive damages are awarded for the sake of example and by way of punishment, and are not unreasonable double punishment.
[13] For punitive or exemplary damages to be awarded, there must exist circumstances of aggravation or outrage which includes malicious conduct, and where a beating exhibited a callous disregard for the value of human life, such damages are appropriate.
Before KRUSE, Chief Justice, TAUANU`U, Chief Associate Judge, and SAGAPOLUTELE, Associate Justice.
Counsel: For Plaintiff, Jennifer L. Joneson
For Defendants Apoua and Bill Tedrick d.b.a. The Country Club, Brian M. Thompson
Sometime in the early afternoon of February 24, 1994, plaintiff ("Masania`i"), then a Marine Patrol Officer with the Department of Public Safety, began drinking alcohol with some fellow officers after spending a morning cleaning one of their Marine Patrol vessels. Masania`i continued to drink a large quantity of alcohol throughout the day and into the early evening. He eventually ended up at the home of one of his fellow officers, and continued drinking solidly until approximately 8 p.m. He left, and then after colliding with a parked vehicle, drove to the Solaita Field where he slept for a few hours. Upon awakening, he drove to the Country Club, a restaurant/nightclub located next to the Ili`ili Golf Course. He walked to the front entrance after being told that the back door was locked. Upon reaching the front entrance, Masania`i was denied entry because of his improper attire (a tank top). Masania`i initially tried to persuade the security guard at the door, Tavita Kisena ("Kisena"), and the manager Fiona Alama, ("Alama") to let him in, but they would not. Masania`i walked back to his car, put on a police jacket marked "Marine Patrol," and was then allowed into the club.
After entering the Country Club, Masania`i tried to order a drink but had no money. He then persuaded two or three different people to buy him drinks. The cashier sat these drinks in front of Masania`i, but testified that she did not see Masania`i actually drink them. [2ASR3d123]
After approximately one hour, Masania`i approached a table to speak with Lena Sevaaetasi ("Sevaaetasi"). Robert Fairholt ("Fairholt"), Sevaaetasi's uncle, was sitting at the table with her. At some point during the conversation, Masania`i made an offensive comment either to or about Sevaaetasi, whereupon Fairholt began yelling at Masania`i. Some of Fairholt's friends came over to the table, including Robert Schwenke ("Schwenke") who began to push Masania`i. At this point, two Country Club security guards, Kisena and Hercules, noticed the commotion and intervened by separating the parties. During the separation of the parties, another man, Samoa Alefosio ("Alefosio"), punched Masania`i in the head. As Hercules faced the young men involved in the altercation (Schwenke, Alefosio, and Tiumalu), Kisena asked Masania`i if he wanted to leave. At the behest of Masania`i's nephew, Danny Pau ("Pau"), Masania`i agreed to leave. Kisena and Pau both proceeded to escort Masania`i to his car. During this initial altercation, the police were called by a Country Club employee, Violet Ah Kiong, at the instruction of Alama.
As Kisena, Pau, and Masania`i were walking down the front walkway toward the parking area, they passed another security guard Adam Vitale ("Vitale"). As Vitale neared the front entrance, he noticed Schwenke head out of the entrance and pick up a beer bottle. Vitale asked Schwenke where he was going, and Schwenke told Vitale that he was Masania`i's brother. As Schwenke passed Vitale, he threw the beer bottle, hitting Masania`i in the head and covering Kisena with shattered glass and beer. As Masania`i fell to the ground, Kisena tried to catch and prevent him from hitting his head on the ground. The blow from the beer bottle rendered Masania`i unconscious.
Immediately after the bottle hit Masania`i, other young men ran outside. Schwenke immediately grabbed Masania`i and dragged him from where he fell in between cars into the open parking lot. Schwenke, Alefosio, and Tiumalu then began beating and kicking Masania`i. There is contradictory evidence as to who helped stop the fight but it appears that Kisena, Pau and Vitale all tried, to some extent, to protect Masania`i. Apparently the beating lasted less then a minute and then stopped abruptly, with Schwenke, Alefosio and Tiumalu returning into the Country Club.
Immediately after the attack, Kisena brought Masania`i ice and a towel and Vitale cleared Masania`i's bloody nose so he could breathe. When the police arrived a short time later, Kisena and Vitale helped place Masania`i in the patrol car for transport to the hospital. [2ASR3d124]
Masania`i brings this action to recover the damages he suffered that evening. His action against the Tedricks and the Country Club (referred to jointly as the "Country Club") is based upon three theories: first, that the Country Club breached its duty to provide reasonable security; second, that the Country Club is vicariously liable for the negligent acts of its employees; and, third, that the Country Club breached its statutory duty to refuse to allow admittance to an intoxicated individual and to serve alcohol to an intoxicated individual, violations of A.S.C.A. §§ 27.0531(a) and (f) respectively.
Masania`i also sues Asuelu Tiumalu, Samoa Alefosio, and Robert Fairholt for battery.
I. The Country Club
A. Negligence
[1] First, Masania`i alleges the Country Club breached the duty a land possessor owes an invitee. While a land possessor is not an insurer of the safety of its invitees against the acts of third persons, it has duty to exercise reasonable care in providing them protection. Restatement (Second) Torts§ 344, cmt. d.[1]
The Country Club is a drinking establishment. The evidence presented at trial suggests that a sufficient history of violence exists at this, and other drinking establishments in American Samoa, to warrant adequate security. The evidence at trial, however, showed that the Country Club provided a reasonable level of security. On the night in question, at least three security guards and various other staff members were on duty.
We conclude that the Country Club, as a drinking establishment in American Samoa, owed a duty to Masania`i to provide a reasonably sufficient number of security personnel in order to afford its patrons reasonable protection. Restatement (Second) Torts § 344, cmt. f. The evidence shows that the Country Club provided an adequate number of security personnel. Whether those security personnel adequately performed their duties is another question, however. [2ASR3d125]
B. Vicarious Liability
[2] Masania`i also argues that the employees of the Country Club acted negligently and that the Country Club would therefore be vicariously liable for their negligence. Masania`i argues that the Country Club employees had a duty to act reasonably in rendering aid to him and that they failed to do so. As stated above, this duty arises only if the land possessor or his employee discovers, or in the exercise of reasonable care should discover, an impending or occurring accidental, negligent, or intentionally harmful act of a third person. Gould v. Taco Bell, 722 P.2d 511, 515 (Kan. 1986); Restatement (Second) of Torts § 344(b).
Specifically, Masania`i argues that the security guards acted negligently in removing him from the premises without adequately insuring that the assailants remained inside the establishment until he was out of danger.
As stated above, the security guards immediately broke up the fight inside the Country Club, separated the combatants, and escorted Masania`i outside. Vitale, however, had no idea that an altercation had occurred inside when Schwenke ran past him. Before Vitale could adequately inform himself, Schwenke had already thrown the bottle. At that time, many other people came running out of the Country Club and an immediate, vicious beating ensued which was over as fast as it began. During this very short period of time, the security guards did their best to protect Masania`i, risking serious harm to themselves in the process.
[3] The employees had a duty to act reasonably under the circumstances. The employees did not have a duty to risk their lives, and they did not have a duty to act perfectly. It is true that the security guards could have acted differently, and had they done so, Masania`i may not have been injured as much. However, the evidence is insufficient to show that any employee of the Country Club acted unreasonably in trying to prevent the fight, protect Masania`i, or in rendering aid to Masania`i after the beating was over.
We, therefore, find that none of the employees of the Country Club acted negligently in rendering aid to Masania`i, and thus no employee negligence exists for which the Country Club can be held vicariously liable.
C. Violation of A.S.C.A. § 27.0531
[4] Masania`i also argues that the Country Club breached its statutory duty to refuse entry and service to an intoxicated person. See A.S.C.A. §§ 27.0531 (a) and (f). [2ASR3d126]
Both Kisena and Alama testified at trial that they could discern that Masania`i had been drinking but, based on their experience, he did not appear to them to be intoxicated. They also testified that it is the policy of the Country Club to deny access to any person who appears intoxicated. We find, however, that Masania`i was intoxicated and his condition should have been visibly apparent to Kisena and Alama, as it was to others. Pau testified that when Masania`i first approached him inside the Country Club, Masania`i was obviously intoxicated. Pau cited to his staggering, his slurred speech, his spitting while talking, his glazed eye, and his just not making sense. Also, Fairholt testified that Masania`i appeared intoxicated when he joined them at their table, citing to plaintiff's conduct and demeanor, the way he stumbled around, the manner of his speech, and his inability to engage in normal conversation. These observations by Pau and Fairholt are bolstered by the credible evidence offered by Department of Safety Officer Kim Morris, Ben Solaita, and Masania`i. The combined testimony of all these witnesses show that Masania`i had been involved in a protracted drinking binge and that when he arrived at the Country Club, he was noticeably intoxicated. We conclude that plaintiff's intoxicated state should have been reasonably discernible to the Country Club's employees.
(1) Prohibited Service
A.S.C.A. § 27.0531(a) prohibits the service of alcohol to intoxicated individuals. It is clear from the testimony that although Masania`i did not purchase alcohol for himself, he was indeed served alcohol while he was intoxicated. As such, we find that the Country Club breached its statutory duty to deny service to intoxicated persons. The next question, however, is whether that breach was the proximate cause of Masania`i's injuries.
[5] An actor's negligent conduct is the legal cause of harm to another if his conduct is a substantial factor in bringing about the harm. Restatement (Second) Torts § 431(a). Because no evidence suggests that Masania`i drank the beers that were served to him, we cannot find that the County Club's breach of its statutory duty to refrain from serving alcohol to Masania`i while he was intoxicated was a substantial factor in bringing about Masania`i's injuries.
(2) Prohibited Admission
[6] A.S.C.A. § 27.0531(f) prohibits a licensee from allowing intoxicated persons to enter the premises. As stated above, we find that Masania`i was intoxicated upon entering the Country Club. Since the Country Club's employees allowed Masania`i entrance, the Country Club breached its duty under A.S.C.A. § 27.0531(f). [2ASR3d127]
[7] Again, causation turns on whether the Country Club's breach of its statutory duty to deny Masania`i entrance into the club when he was intoxicated was a substantial factor in bringing about the harm Masania`i suffered. In order to be a legal cause of another's harm, it is not enough that the harm would not have occurred had the actor not been negligent. Restatement (Second) Torts § 431 cmt. a. The negligence must be a substantial factor in bringing about the harm. See Id.
We hold that one of the harms § 27.0531(f) was designed to prevent is harm to intoxicated individuals and patrons of a licensed drinking establishment. It is clear that intoxicated individuals have an increased tendency to be drawn to altercations.[2] Drunken behavior is highly unpredictable; slight irritations, whether real or imagined, readily lead to aggressive and irrational behavior on the part of the inebriates.[3] As such, we find that the conduct of the Country Club in allowing Masania`i to enter the club while he was intoxicated increased the foreseeable and predictable risk that Masania`i would be involved in an altercation. Since the harm that Masania`i received was indeed the result of a drunken altercation, we find that this harm was well within the scope of the risk created by the Country Club's inexcusable failure to refuse entry to Masania`i as mandated by statute. See Restatement (Second) Torts § 442B. We look upon the Country Club's statutory breach with grave disapprobation. Accordingly, we find that the actions of Schwenke, Tiumalu, and Alefosio does not excuse the Country Club from liability and that the Country Club's negligence in allowing entrance to Masania`i was a substantial factor in bringing about his injuries. [2ASR3d128] Therefore, we find that the Country Club is liable for its proportionate share of those injuries. We will address the apportionment of liability below.
II. Robert Fairholt
[8] Fairholt was initially charged with assault and battery, but was acquitted at the criminal trial. Masania`i has offered little evidence to suggest that Fairholt participated in the beating. Although some testimony was offered by Pau as to the possibility that Fairholt participated, several other witnesses testified that Fairholt was not a participant in the assault. The burden is upon Masania`i as plaintiff to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that Fairholt acted to cause a "harmful contact" with him. See Restatement (Second) Torts § 13. He failed to meet that burden.
III. Asuelu Tiumalu and Samoa Alefosio
[9] Both Tiumalu and Alefosio failed to appear at trial. We take judicial notice of the court's records in CR Nos. 03-95 and 06-95 (Trial Div. 1995), in which these defendants were found guilty of assault and battery against Masania`i. We find sufficient evidence presented at trial to enter a default civil judgment against these two defendants for committing battery upon Masania`i. See Restatement (Second) Torts § 13.
IV. Comparative Fault
[10] In this jurisdiction, contributory negligence is not a bar to recovery in actions brought for personal injuries. See A.S.C.A. § 43.5101. Rather, damages shall be diminished by the court in proportion to the amount of negligence attributable to the person injured. Id. (emphasis added). Substantial evidence was presented to suggest that Masania`i's own actions contributed to his injuries. Masania`i voluntarily consumed an inordinate amount of alcohol. He drove his automobile while intoxicated, went to the Country Club, and while there, engaged in loud, obnoxious and incendiary conduct. At some point, Masania`i made a highly offensive comment to Fairholt's niece, in the presence of Fairholt. This remark incited a reaction and instigated the subsequent altercation.
As we stated in our Order on the Motion to Dismiss, CA No. 121-95, slip op. at 6 (Trial Div. March 4, 1997), we believe that a person who voluntarily consumes alcohol to the point of intoxication is at least partially responsible for his own injuries. Although we obviously do not believe that Masania`i deserved the injuries that he received or that violence is the appropriate reaction to offensive language, we do believe that Masania`i's own actions contributed to his injuries and must hold [2ASR3d129] him accountable for his actions at least to some extent.
V. Liability
[11] We find that the battery by Schwenke, Alefosio, and Tiumalu, while not the superseding cause of Masania`i's injuries, was the principal cause of his harm. Since Schwenke is now deceased and his estate was not joined in this action, we hold that Alefosio and Tiumalu are jointly and severally liable for 50 percent of the damages sustained by Masania`i.
We hold that Masania`i's own actions contributed to the cause of his injuries by 25 percent.
We find that the Country Club's breach of its statutory duty under A.S.C.A. § 27.0531(f) reflected 25 percent of the cause of Masania`i's injuries.
VI. Damages
Masania`i claims he has suffered substantial injuries and continuing damages. Overwhelming evidence shows that Masania`i indeed sustained substantial injuries and continues to suffer as a result of those injuries. Prior to his injuries, Masania`i was a healthy 42-year-old athletic person. He had had 10 years of employment with the Department of Public Safety having made the rank of Watch Commander within the department's Marine Patrol Division. Masania`i is reduced to a pathetic figure beset by severe bouts of melancholy because his injuries have left him debilitated: partially paralyzed, and bereft of sensory faculties, motor skills and muscular control.
The head trauma sustained from the beating resulted in the loss of his visual acuity, blurring of his sight, and "tunnel vision," the substantial constriction of one's field of vision. Moreover, he has lost his spatial judgment, leaving him prone to bumping into things. Nerve damage from shattered bone fragments in his face has resulted in facial paralysis and the loss of his sense of taste and smell. Masania`i is also unable to close his eyelids properly, which required his undergoing a surgical insertion of gold weights in his eyelids. He now has to continuously use eye drops (as artificial tears) to lubricate his eyes. He has difficulty speaking and eating, because he has lost some control of his mandibular muscles. Consequently, he has difficulty in not only chewing his food but even keeping it in his mouth. This has also left him facially disfigured, a source of constant embarrassment to him to the extent that he avoids contact with other people. He also suffers post-traumatic hearing impairment, tinnitus, severe headaches, and bouts of dizziness. [2ASR3d130]
A. Future Wages
Masania`i is permanently disabled economically. We find Mr. Daniel R. King's, J.D., C.P.A. projections of plaintiff's lost future earnings to be reasonable. We accordingly find that plaintiff's projected lost wages from the date of his injury through the date of his expected retirement at age 65 are $288,527.
In addition, the discounted present value of plaintiff's projected lost retirement benefits from the date of his retirement at age 65 over his projected life span of 82.6 years[4] reduced by the amount of medical retirement benefits that he is due to receive is $31,468.00.
Therefore, total lost wages and retirement benefits that the plaintiff is owed as a result of his injuries are $317,995.
B. General Damages
In consideration of plaintiff's past and present circumstances, his bleak prognosis, uncertain future, and his multiple debilitating injuries, we fix general damages, including pain and suffering, in the amount of $100,000.
C. Punitive Damages Against Alefosio and Tiumalu
[12] The majority of states hold that recovery of punitive or exemplary damages will not be denied merely because the wrongful act upon which the action is based may be or has been criminally punished. 22 Am. Jur. 2d, Damages § 757. The minority view would bar recovery on the basis of double jeopardy. Id. at § 758. American Samoa appears to have adopted the majority view. See Newton v. Taleka, 30 A.S.R.2d 86, 89 (Trial Div. 1996). There the court noted:
[P]unitive damages are principally awarded for the sake of example and by way of punishment. Viewed from this perspective when a defendant has been criminally prosecuted [2ASR3d131] and sentenced, punitive damages are not unreasonable double punishment.
Id. (Citations omitted). Punitive or exemplary damages are awarded in addition to full compensation to punish the defendant and deter him and others from similar future misconduct. Id. In addition though, there must exist circumstances of aggravation or outrage which includes "malicious conduct." Letuli v. Lei, 21 A.S.R.2d 77, 86 (Land & Titles Div. 86 1991). "'Malice' includes conduct which is intended to cause injury; or which is despicable by nature, that is, blatantly vile or loathsome to ordinary decent people, and carried on with willful and conscious disregard for the rights or safety of others." Id.
[13] The beating plaintiff suffered at the hands of Schwenke, Alefosio, and Tiumalu exhibited a callous disregard for the value of human life. Indeed, these defendants' actions would have ended in death had it not been for the intervention of Kisena and others. The actions of these defendants may be characterized as an abominable savagery and cowardice that shocks the conscience. Vitale the security guard openly wept on the stand as he recounted in disbelief the sheer horror of the evening's events that he witnessed in the Country Club's parking lot.
We conclude that punitive or exemplary damages against Alefosio and Tiumalu are appropriate and accordingly award such damages in the amount of $100,000.
Defendants Alefosio and Tiumalu are jointly and severally liable for 50 percent of all damages as follows: $158,997 for future earnings, $50,000 for general damages including pain and suffering and $100,000 in punitive damages. Total damages being $308,997.
Defendants Bill and Apoua Tedrick d.b.a. the Country Club are liable for 25 percent of the damages as follows: $79,499 for future wages and $25,000.00 for pain and suffering, damages which total $104,499.
Judgment will enter accordingly.
It is so Ordered.
[1] The Country Club argues that it does not own the parking lot and is not responsible for any injury that occurred there. Substantial evidence showed that the Country Club exercised exclusive dominion and control over the parking lot during evening hours. Moreover, the fight outside was a continuation of the fight that began inside. See also Holiday Inns v. Shelborne [ ], 576 So. 2d 322 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App. 1991).
[2] There can little argument that there is a relationship between alcohol and aggression. The High Court's criminal case files reveal that the bulk of violent crimes committed in the territory are alcohol-related, and that a significant number of aggravated assaults occur in bars or among drinking companions.
[3] These are factors that would clearly have been in the Fono's contemplation when it enacted A.S.C.A. § 27.0531(f), an enactment that provides some ameliorative measures to the territory's alcohol-related problems by imposing on liquor establishments the duty to, inter alia, refuse entry to intoxicated individuals.
Moreover, this community's alcohol per capita consumption is staggering, lending even more reason for alcohol related caution. According to the most current published statistics from the Research and Statistics Division, of the Economic Planning Development Office, the territory's population in 1995 was estimated at 56,000, while the value of its beer imports alone for the preceding year 1994 was given at $1.6 million. These statistics are even more striking when compared to our very minimal tourism industry. A mere 7,337 tourists visited the territory in 1995.
[4] The Country Club argues that the life expectancy for a Polynesian man is lower than the life expectancy for a Caucasian man. In 1980, the life expectancy for a Samoan was 75.3 years. Vai Filiga and Michael J. Levin, Population Profile of American Samoa (1980 census) p. 43 (August 1988). We have no current updated information regarding the life expectancy of a Samoan male. Since defendant failed to proffer such evidence, we can only look to the testimony of plaintiff's expert on this issue. Although we can imagine that a Samoan male's life expectancy is less then 82.6 years, we are without evidence to support this intuition.


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module: pyrseas.dbobject.collation
The collation module defines two classes, Collation and CollationDict, derived from DbSchemaObject and DbObjectDict, respectively.
Collation is derived from ~pyrseas.dbobject.DbSchemaObject and represents a PostgreSQL collation (available on PostgreSQL 9.1 or later).
autoclass: Collation
automethod: Collation.create
Collation Dictionary
CollationDict is derived from ~pyrseas.dbobject.DbObjectDict. It is a dictionary that represents the collection of collations in a database.
autoclass: CollationDict
automethod: CollationDict.from_map
automethod: CollationDict.diff_map


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Yeah, I know February isn't over yet BUT my race is so I am now looking forward to next month's race, the Run of Luck 7k. My sister and I will be dressing up for this, once I receive all my items for the outfit I will take a pic and post it here to show ya'll.
Anybody enjoy dressing up for St. Patty's day races, or any holiday races as a matter of fact? I would like to see pics
*Do It For Yourself, Do It Because They Said It Was Impossible, Do It Because They Said You Were Incapable*
5k - 24:15 (7:49 min/mile pace)
10k - 51:47 (8:16 min/mile pace)
15k -1:18:09 (8:24 min/mile pace)
13.1 - 1:53:12 (8:39 min/mile pace)
26.2 - (Debut) - 4:48:10
Skirt Runner
I have a 5K March 3rd with "Shamrocks" in the title... I plan to wear the closest to green running thing I have, which is a dark teal colored half zip. I haven't decided yet if I want to take it further and put something silly on my head.
PRs: 5K- 28:16 (5/5/13) 10K- 1:00:13 (10/27/13) 4M- 41:43 (9/7/13) 15K- 1:34:25 (8/17/13) 10M- 1:56:30 (4/6/14) HM- 2:20:16 (4/13/14) Full- 5:55:33 (11/1/15)
I started a blog about running :) Check it out if you care to
My wife grew up in Western MA, 90 minutes from where I did. They have a 5 mile race out there that draws 6,000 finishers which I have only heard about the last year or so. It might be the 3rd biggest race field in the state, (Boston and Falmouth) but few of us in the East know about it. I was out there last year that weekend, and the local stations in the area were talking it up, but I was shocked when I found out how big it is.
If I get through my 10 mile race and half over the next 10 days in 1 piece, I will try to sign up before it closes.
Jess runs for bacon
I am making my own green tutu for Shamrock. I also got a scarf with clovers all over it. If you check out your local craft store, they have a ton of stuff right now.
YAYpril - B-Plus
A friend of mine ran our St. Patrick's Day 5k last year and wore a pair of shamrock dress tights over her running tights. It was super cute.
Lululemon has lots of green right now
2013 Goals:
Half: 2:00:00
I bought these:
These for my sister
Contemplating this:
Proud Calgarian
I don't dress up for races; however, I do take pictures at the photo booth after the race is over!!
2015 Goals and PRs:
5k - 17:59 (18:05); 10k - 35:59 (36:42); HM - 1:19:19 (1:19:59); FM - 2:49:59 (3:05:46)
Trail Monster
My DH and I are looking for green tech shirts for Shamrock so we can iron on our names or whatever else. Unfortunately, most of the shirts I'm finding are ridiculously expensive and I'm not willing to subject us to cotton for a full marathon.
2013 races:
3/17 Shamrock Marathon
4/20 North Coast 24 Hour
7/27 Burning RIver 100M
8/24 Baker 50M
10/5 Oil Creek (distance to be determined)
My Blog
Brands I Heart:
Altra Zero Drop
Ultra Cowboy
I am toying with the idea of buying a Sport Kilt...If I could decide on a tartan I might pull the trigger. And Yes I know this is a Scottish pattern.
The "Martin Hunting" Tartan which is not offered by Sportkilts....
A man in a kilt, I'll have to keep my eyes open for that at the race on March 16... I didn't pay attention in 2011.
Yes it would be rather unique in my running circle as well. St. Patty's is a week after my 50k. I'll have a training group run that morning for 12 miles, and the race is at 5:00pm that night.
I know it would be a hit with the ladies. Not sure if it would lead to trouble with the guys later in the night...
Yes it would be rather unique in my running circle as well. St. Patty's is a week after my 50k. I'll have a training group run that morning for 12 miles, and the race is at 5:00pm that night.
I know it would be a hit with the ladies. Not sure if it would lead to trouble with the guys later in the night...
What do you wear underneath? Boxers, briefs... tighty whities......... nothing?
I'm doing a 10k race on St. Paddy's day and I think I may dress up a bit. I'm not intending on breaking any records this year. Its a hilly course, and I'm going to just get out there and run. Its a fairly large race (over 4,000) people not including the spectators. Its really fun and there is even beer on the course. I've never run it for fun and think that this year I am going to do just that.
Running is my mental-Ctrl-Alt-Del.
What do you wear underneath? Boxers, briefs... tighty whities......... nothing?
.....Shoes and socks


text:
CONTACT: KAREN V. GREGORY (202) 523-5725; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
The Federal Maritime Commission ("FMC" or "Commission") today announced the appointment of Karen V. Gregory as Secretary of the FMC, effective September 28, 2008. This appointment also designates Ms. Gregory as a member of the Senior Executive Service.
Ms. Gregory is a lifelong resident of Northern Virginia. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Economics from George Mason University and a Master of Arts in Economics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Her master's thesis centered on trends in ocean shipping, entitled Economies of Scale in International Liner Shipping and Ongoing Consolidation: An Application of Stigler's Survivorship Principle.
Since joining the Commission in 1987, Ms Gregory has served with distinction in a number of capacities, beginning as an Industry Economist in the Bureau of Economics and Agreement Analysis. In 2000, she was selected as the Director of the Office of Economics and Competition Analysis. Ms. Gregory subsequently became the Commission's Assistant Secretary in 2004.
In appointing Ms. Gregory, the Commission recognizes her depth of experience, commitment to public service, and dedication to the agency. The Commission looks forward to working with Ms. Gregory in her new position as Secretary.
Press Contact: Karen V. Gregory (202) 523-5725; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
This site is an official U.S. Government Website


text:
Although complaints about noise still are being filed with the Sarasota County Sheriff's Office, the situation in the Village has calmed down since early November, Sgt. Scott Osborne, the leader of the Village's Community Policing Station, said this week.
Still, the Siesta Key Oyster Bar received a citation Nov. 23 for music that was too loud during the Village's Turkey Trot, Osborne said.
The annual event, held the night before Thanksgiving, generally draws a large crowd, Osborne said, but the Turkey Trot last week "was one of the busier ones they've ever had. There were a lot of people … more than I've ever seen out here."
The county fire marshal was checking all the Village bars and restaurants, Osborne added, to make sure no place exceeded its occupancy level. At one point, Osborne said, he believed most of the establishments had as many people packed into them as the fire code allowed.
The deputies were unable to estimate the total number of people in the Village, he said.
Despite the fact that other businesses point to SKOB as a perennial violator of the county's noise ordinance, Osborne said the restaurant staff works hard to comply.
"I don't think they've been letting things get out of hand," he said. "Their decibel level is normally not that high."
However, SKOB did get a warning about two weeks ago, he said, for exceeding the noise level. If a business that has been warned violates the noise ordinance a second time within 90 days, Osborne said, it receives a $250 citation. Any subsequent citation results in a $500 fine, he added.
On Turkey Trot night, Osborne said, the restaurant was "way above the (decibel) limit."
Officers checked all the other bars and restaurants in the Village, he said, and every other establishment was in compliance.
Yet, with so many college students home for the holiday and partying in the Village, Osborne said, he suspected the band at SKOB simply was trying to be heard above the noise.
"That is a big night … yet we were called out on it," said Beth Owen-Cipielewski, co-owner of SKOB.
She agreed with Osborne about the number of people participating in Turkey Trot.
"The college kids are home," she said. "They need somewhere to go (for entertainment)."
The biggest problem is the ambient noise, Owen-Cipielewski said.
"We're doing what we can," she said. "SKOB stays out of trouble."
Owen-Cipielewski was especially frustrated about the complaints, she said, because Siesta Key provides about 35% of the county's annual tourist development tax revenue.
"We're deeply disappointed that whether it's neighbors or residents or other businesses (calling the Sheriff's Office), (complaints are lodged against the restaurant)," she said. "I wish we'd get more support from the county. We're the No. 1 beach; why can't we all just be happy?"
A short distance down Ocean Boulevard from SKOB, Rami Nehme, the new owner of Blasé Café, said last week he also had been frustrated by the noise complaints in the Village. When a complaint was lodged against his restaurant in late October, he said, he was not on the premises that night.
However, Nehme said, the band at the restaurant played just seven minutes past the 10 p.m. deadline for the sound level to go down, so the band could finish its set.
"All of a sudden three deputy cars are parked in my parking lot," he said.
Other complaints have brought more deputies to Blasé Café, he said, when bands were not playing.
"It gets kind of annoying," Nehme said. "(The complaints) kind of put me on the spot. I really don't have live music except on Friday and Saturday, (and the musician usually is a guitarist with no speaker equipment)."
One recent complaint lodged against Blasé Café, Osborne said, had resulted from the music level at SKOB.
"I'm just trying to serve good gourmet dinners," Nehme said. "There are two sides to every story."
Nehme said he also had asked a deputy for a clarification about the time, dictated by the noise ordinance, when loud music has to subside. Nehme later sent the Pelican Press an email provided to him by the Sheriff's Office, citing the appropriate section from the noise ordinance. After 10 p.m., the ordinance says, indoor and outdoor entertainment can continue only if a business has a special exception.
Noise meter detects violations
An anonymous caller lodged a complaint at 11 p.m. Nov. 11, telling the Sheriff's Office he had detected loud music from either Gilligan's or the Daiquiri Deck.
The responding deputy wrote that he stood in the middle of Ocean Boulevard between the two businesses and determined the majority of the noise was coming from the Daiquiri Deck.
The deputy calibrated his noise meter and took a reading, which showed 79.5 decibels at 11:45 p.m. He recalibrated the meter and stood on the curb directly in front of Daiquiri Deck. His next reading was 78.8 decibels at 12:07 a.m. Nov. 12. After 11 p.m., the maximum decibel level allowed is 70, he noted in his report.
The deputy printed the reading, spoke to the manager of the Daiquiri Deck and warned him about the music. "(The manager) apologized and took immediate measures to turn the music down," the deputy wrote.


text:
Rep. John Catlett and Sen. Gary Stubblefield will speak at the Yell County Cattlemen's Association meeting July 25.
The officials will explain the "agriculture sales tax exemptions" approved during the recent legislative session. They will give details on implementation and answer questions from the floor.
Since these exemptions will affect more than just cattlemen, the public is invited and encouraged to attend this meeting.
Please list any specific questions you have and bring them to the meeting for answers.
The meeting will be at the Two Rivers School on State Highway 28 between Ola and Plainview. A catered meal ($5) will be served at 6:30 p.m., followed by the program.
To reserve your meal, please call (479) 495-2216 or (479) 229-4441 by Friday. Those only wanting to come for the program will need to arrive about 7:15.
Any questions about the meeting or to learn more about the YCCA please contact Richie Gray (president) at (479) 576-2721.
Audubon Society to meet July 22
The Arkansas River Valley Audubon Society will meet at 7 p.m. July 22 in Conway at the Faulkner County Library.
A program will be presented by George Harper, associate professor of Biology at Hendrix College on "Colorful Coral Snakes and a Myriad of Mimics." Come learn about the Coral Snake and enjoy refreshments. Visitors are welcome. For more information call Coe Wilson at (501) 727-5559.
Dardanelle substitute teacher workshop
The Dardanelle School District will conduct a substitute teacher training workshop for the upcoming 2013-14 school year at the Dardanelle Elementary School band room from 9 a.m. to noon on Aug. 8.
This training is required for all new substitutes as well as those who are currently on the substitute list. Arkansas schools are mandated to hold annual training sessions for substitute teachers and must document participation.
If you wish to become a substitute teacher with the district or need additional information regarding this workshop, call Kim Witt at (479) 229-4111.
Richland Creek Campground closed for improvements
Ozark-St. Francis National Forest managers are announcing a temporary closure of Richland Creek Campground, located near Witts Springs, which began Monday, so repairs and improvements can be completed. The campground is expected to be reopened in 30 days.
The project is funded through a National Forest Foundation Grant, and will include rebuilding vault toilets, replacing amenities at campsites and relocating a road to add new campsites.
For information on other recreation areas in the Ozark-St. Francis National Forests, log on to fs.usda.gov/osfnf.


text:
Brewers not ready to restore Axford as closer
By Adam McCalvy / MLB.com
MILWAUKEE -- John Axford's third consecutive scoreless outing on Thursday was his best yet, but Brewers manager Ron Roenicke was not quite ready to restore Axford to the closer's role.
"I still think there's a little bit to go," Roenicke said. "But all of his fastballs are down in the zone, unless he tries to make a guy swing at a high one, which is what he used to do. When he comes in and he's throwing all pitches down, I feel he's going to do well. … I like what he's doing."
So what makes Roenicke say there is still a "bit to go?"
"I look up and I still see 94 [mph]. I'm used to seeing 96," Roenicke said. "Last year it was a little bit harder than [2012], but the results weren't the same, so I'm not saying it's all about velocity. But there's a difference between 94 and 96."
Axford responded by touching 96 mph with the final pitch of his scoreless seventh inning against the Cubs on Friday night. Darwin Barney led off with an infield single and advanced on a sacrifice bunt, but Axford struck out David DeJesus swinging on a 95 mph fastball before Starlin Castro went down swinging at a 96 mph pitch to end the threat.
Prospect Burgos set for debut on Saturday
MILWAUKEE -- Brewers pitching prospect Hiram Burgos was this close to the big leagues in 2012. He was at the airport for a flight to Triple-A Nashville and was tempted to board at the adjoining gate instead -- where another plane was bound for Milwaukee. Burgos snapped a photo instead, posted it to Twitter and bided his time.
On Friday morning, Burgos, ranked by MLB.com as the Brewers' No. 13 prospect, finally took that other flight. Promoted the day before from Triple-A, Burgos will make his Major League debut against the Cubs on Saturday night at Miller Park.
"Sometimes I sit down and say, like, 'Damn. At this time last year, I was in High-A in Brevard [County, Fla.],'" Burgos said. "That's the good thing about baseball. You've got to keep working hard to get people out, and in less than a year, I'm here."
A sixth-round pick in the 2009 First-Year Player Draft from Cayey, Puerto Rico, Burgos went 10-4 with a 1.95 ERA in 27 starts and one relief appearance between Class A Brevard County, Double-A Huntsville and Nashville in 2012. He held opponents to a .210 average, struck out 153 batters versus 49 walks, won Brewers Minor League pitcher of the year honors and then -- most important of all -- won a spot on Milwaukee's 40-man roster.
Burgos was picked for this weekend promotion over fellow prospects Tyler Thornburg and Johnny Hellweg.
"I think he was pitching better," Brewers manager Ron Roenicke said.
Burgos, who had a 2.70 ERA over three Triple-A starts, does not possess the power fastball of those other two right-handers, but he proved he could pitch with a strong showing in the World Baseball Classic.
He replaced right-hander Mike Fiers, who was demoted to Nashville and will make at least two Sounds starts, the first on Saturday. That roster move was made a day earlier than necessary so Fiers will already have 10 days in the Minors by April 30, the next time after Saturday that the Brewers require a fifth starter.
"Everybody here wants [Fiers] to be one of our starters and pitch the way he did for the first couple of months last year," Roenicke said. "How do we get him there? I don't know if by using him once in a while in the bullpen, that's going to get him there."
Roenicke and his coaches will evaluate their pitching options after Burgos' start. If it goes well, they could simply keep their five pitchers lined up through off-days on the schedule.
Green to undergo season-ending hip surgery
MILWAUKEE -- Brewers infielder Taylor Green will undergo season-ending surgery Tuesday to repair a hip injury that he says has bothered him for more than five years.
Dr. William Raasch will repair three tears to the labrum in Green's left hip and remove bone spurs that have grown on the ball of the joint. Green said he has been able to play through discomfort related to the tears all the way back to 2007, his third professional season, but the spurs have now grown to the point that they cause the joint to lock in place.
He faces a long rehab.
"Six months," Green said. "And a full six months."
The timing of his injury was terrible. Green might be the Brewers' everyday first baseman were he healthy, and would at least be playing extensively at first and third because of injuries to other players. Instead, Green began the season on the disabled list, then suffered a setback early last week in extended spring camp.
Raasch examined the hip on Thursday, and surgery was deemed necessary.
"I've played with it for years now, but it's gotten to the point where I literally can't," Green said. "It will be nice to have it finally healthy."
The news was much better for Jeff Bianchi, another infielder on the DL with a hip injury. After beginning a rehab assignment with five games at Double-A Huntsville, he was promoted to Triple-A Nashville.
"I think we'll want to see him there about a week," assistant general manager Gord Ash said.
Last call
• For the eighth time in their last 11 scheduled games, lousy weather forced a postponement for Class A Wisconsin on Friday.
"When it doesn't rain us out we get 27 degrees and wind chill 'colded-out' haha," Tweeted last year's top Brewers Draft pick, catcher Clint Coulter. "T-Rats are pro stretchers and weightlifters so far."
The weather in Appleton, Wis., has been so spotty that the Brewers have delayed activating Victor Roach, the outfielder selected one spot after Coulter, who was sidelined to start the season by a hamstring strain. Roache has been healthy for about a week, but will continue getting at-bats in extended spring camp until Mother Nature begins to cooperate.
"He's fine, but there's no sense sending him to Wisconsin because they never play," Ash quipped.
• Right-hander Mark Rogers breezed through an 11-pitch inning in an extended spring game Thursday and will pitch again Saturday. If that goes well, Rogers will begin a 30-day rehab assignment at Double-A Huntsville on Tuesday, Ash said. The former first-round Draft pick is on the DL trying to reclaim his lost velocity.
Adam McCalvy is a reporter for MLB.com. Read his blog, Brew Beat, and follow him on Twitter at @AdamMcCalvy. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


text:
Where does this leave the next generation Golf R? Well, it will likely have to be over the 300 horsepower mark and rumor has it that carbon fiber will be employed in the roof.
The MK7 Golf should be available for purchase next year.
Golf in the fall maybe ...we probably won't see the GTI until 6 months after Europe does though, so probably not until 2014 for our version.


text:
Hensarling Names House Banking Leaders
The House Financial Services Committee of the 113th Congress is coming together, as Chairman-elect Jeb Hensarling (R-Texas) announced his leadership team.
Rep. Gary Miller (R-Calif.) will serve as vice chairman. Miller made news in credit union circles during NAFCU's Congressional Caucus in September when he said he was offended that the California Credit Union League backed another candidate during his re-election bid.
Rep. Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.V.) will serve as chairman of the Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit Subcommittee. Capito pressed the CFPB to amend a CARD Act rule to allow non-working spouses to apply for credit cards and establish credit in their own names. Rep. Lynn Westmoreland (R-Ga.) will serve in a newly created position as the Committee Whip. Rep. Randy Neugebauer (R-Texas) was named chairman of the Insurance, Housing and Community Opportunity Subcommittee.
Rep. Scott Garrett (R-N.J.) will be chairman of the Capital Markets and Government-Sponsored Enterprises Subcommittee. Rep. Patrick McHenry (R-N.C.) will serve as chairman of the Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee. Rep. John Campbell (R-Calif.) was named chairman of the Domestic and International Monetary Policy Subcommittee.
"I look forward to working alongside my colleagues to pass laws to help foster the deepest, most liquid, competitive, efficient, innovative, and transparent capital markets the world has ever known," Hensarling said in his announcement last week. "This talented group will play a critical role in that effort as we offer solutions to the challenges faced by America's struggling economy." Hensarling also announced plans to combine two existing subcommittees: the Domestic Monetary Policy and Technology Subcommittee and the International Monetary Policy and Trade Subcommittee. On the Democrat side, House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) named six new members to the Financial Services Committee. They include Reps.-elect Bill Foster (D-Ill.), Dan Kildee (D-Mich.), Patrick Murphy (D-Fla.), John Delaney (D-Md.), Kyrsten Simena (D-Ariz.) and Joyce Beatty (D-Ohio).


text:
No Hidden Fees - No Credit Card Surcharges - Low Shipping Rates
Images shown may not be an exact representation of the actual product.You may contact us if you have questions about the exact specifications of this item.
GG&G has introduced a Single Point Rear Sling Attachment for the Remington Model 870 and Mossberg 590 combat shotguns. The Remington Model will also fit the Remington 1100 and 1187 shotguns, while the Mossberg Model will fit the Mossberg 500 shotgun. Precision machined from 7075 aircraft grade billet aluminum alloy and Type III hard anodized matte black, it has been designed for the rigors associated with professional use. This GG&G Single Point Rear Sling Attachment will accommodate slings up to 1 1/4" in width and will also accept the excellent Chalker sling system. It can easily be installed by the operator. A dual point sling system can also be employed with this attachment.
Impact Guns is the gun shop for all your shooting needs. We offer a wide selection of firearms, including: handguns, shotguns, rifles, ammunition, rifle scopes and optics, as well as collectible machine guns and other NFA/Class 3 guns. Impact also services the needs of law enforcement and military with our wide variety of tactical weapons and accessories. Shop online through our 256-bit Secure Sockets Layer encrypted online gun store 24 hours a day!


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This product has been discontinued but may be available as a Open Box item.
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Comes with everything you need to get started.
All acoustic guitar packs do not have to be the same and Epiphone proves that with the DR-90T Acoustic Player Pack. Starting with the top-selling DR-90T acoustic guitar and with innovative and useful features that include a built-in tuner and a wall-hanger to store and display your instrument when not in use, Epiphone gives you a pack that's not like all the rest.
It Starts with a great Guitar
If you're looking for a very affordable guitar that sounds good, stays in tune and is easy to play, look no further than the DR-90T. The top is made of select Spruce supported with hand-scalloped bracing for great natural tone and vibration. Complementing this are back and sides made of select Mahogany fitted to a solid Mahogany neck. For great stability, tone and sustain, the neck is glued into the body using TiteBond glue. Easy and comfortable to play, the neck shape is Epiphone's classic 1960's SlimTaper D-profile with a smooth, fast satin finish. The fingerboard is Rosewood for smooth feel and long lasting use. The tuners are deluxe 14:1 ratio and provide accurate tuning and excellent stability. The bridge is also Rosewood and features a compensated saddle for improved intonation.
Built-In Tuner
While other packs include a separate tuner that's hard to use and easy to lose, Epiphone has installed the super-accurate Shadow Sonic sound-hole tuner. Lightweight and discretely mounted just inside the sound-hole, it's in perfect view while playing and allows you to tune-up without an interruption or plugging in.
Includes Wall-Hanger
Experienced guitarists know that when a guitar is close at hand, you're more likely to pick it up and play it. After all, what good is a guitar in a case stuffed under a bed or in a closet? With this wall-hanger, you can not only safely hang and display your beautiful guitar on the wall, but also put it away or take it down in no time.
Get Started Playing Guitar Fast
MJS Publications is a leader in creating effective and easy to understand instructional materials. Your new Epiphone Player Pack comes with a comprehensive, 3-hour DVD that walks you through the basics of guitar playing - from tuning your guitar to playing individual notes to playing chords. Hosted by expert guitar instructor Mark Sternal, this proven content with a "Quick-Start" section can get you playing guitar in 1 minute or less.
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The DR-90T Acoustic Player Pack comes with the Epiphone Lifetime Limited Warranty. Why just dream of playing guitar?
- Top Material: Select Spuce
- Body Material: Select Mahogany
- Neck Material: Solid Mahogany with satin finish
- Neck Shape: SlimTaper D-Shape
- Neck Joint: Glued-In
- Scale Length: 25.5"
- Fingerboard Material: Rosewood with "Dot" inlays
- Fingerboard Radius: 12"
- Trussrod: Adjustable via headstock
- Frets: 20; medium/jumbo
- Binding: 1-Layer body; Front, 1-Layer; Fingerboard
- Nut Width: 1-11/16"
- Hardware: Chrome
- Machine Heads: Die-cast; 14:1 Ratio
- Bridge: Solid Rosewood
- Saddle: Compensated; PVC
- Pickguard: Black with silkcreened "E"
- Strap Buttons: Yes
- Tuner: Shadow Sonic Tuner. Installed in Sound Hole/Removable. Tune Instrument up to 1,200 times without changing battery. Uses one #2032 Lithium battery (3 volt). Built-in Microphone. Auto-off and On/Off Button
- Accessories Included: Metal Wall Hanger for Guitar (includes mounting hardware). Comprehensive 3-hour Instructional DVD from MJS Publications. Epiphone Guitar Strap. Three Epiphone Guitar Picks
- Guitar Finish: gloss-body; satin-neck
- Warranty: Epiphone Limited Lifetime
Pickup Epiphone's DR-90T pack and make playing guitar a reality. Order today