text:
Definition of epiderm
n. - The epidermis. 2
The word "epiderm" uses 7 letters: D E E I M P R.
Direct anagrams of epiderm:
demirep impeder
Words formed by adding one letter before or after epiderm (in bold), or to deeimpr in any order:
c - premedic r - periderm s - demireps epiderms impeders premised simpered x - premixed
Shorter words found within epiderm:
de dee deem deep deer deme deperm dere derm die dim dime dimer dip dire dree drip ed eide eider em eme emir empire epimer er ere id idem imp imped impede ire ired me med meed merde mere mi mid mir mire mired pe ped pee peed peer per perdie peri perm permed pi pie pied pier pree preed premed premie pride pried prim prime primed re red rede redip ree reed rei rem rep rid ride rim rime rimed rip ripe riped
List shorter words within epiderm, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in epiderm, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with epiderm, words containing epiderm or words ending with epiderm
All words formed from epiderm by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: ep pi id de er rm
Browse words starting with epiderm by next letter
Previous word in list: epidendrums
Next word in list: epidermal
Some random words: wulfenite keramic re epha which aorist poke
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As concern about long-term federal deficits and debt mounts, some policy experts in Washington have been discussing the possibility of a value-added tax, or "VAT." Some envision it as a replacement for current taxes while others favor it as an add-on to raise additional revenue. Although Congress is not actively considering a VAT and The Concord Coalition has not taken a position on it, Concord maintains that all policy options should remain on the table. Thus this article offers a brief look at the value-added tax.
I. What Is the Value-Added Tax and How Does It Work?
The VAT is similar to other consumption taxes such as the sales tax. Consumption taxes generate revenue by taxing purchases of goods and services—in contrast to taxes on income or wealth, for example. Although Americans are well acquainted with the retail sales tax because it is often used at the state and local level, the VAT is an unfamiliar concept for most. Among developed countries, the United States is unusual for not using a value-added tax.
Despite some fundamental similarities with the sales tax, the VAT has a substantially different collection process. Businesses collect a retail sales tax when a consumer purchases a good or service. The value-added tax, however, is collected on the value a business adds to a product at each stage of the production process.
For example, a 10 percent retail sales tax on a new computer priced at $1,000 would generate $100 in revenues when the consumer purchases the computer. In contrast, a 10 percent value-added tax would partly be collected before the consumer's purchase.
Assume a simple three-stage production process. Each of the three companies involved in that process would remit 10 percent of the value that it adds to the product. If the three companies include (1) a computer chip manufacturer; (2) an assembly plant; and (3) a retail computer store, the process would look something like this:
1. The computer chip manufacturer produces a $100 chip.
- The value added is $100. The company pays 10 percent ($10) in taxes to the government.
2. The assembly plant manufactures the computer and sells it to the retailer for $500.
- The value-added is $400 ($500 minus the $100 already added). The assembly plant remits 10 percent of $400 ($40) in taxes to the government.
3. The retailer sells the computer to the consumer for $1,000.
- The value-added by the retailer is $500 ($1,000 minus the $500 in value added previously). The retailer pays 10 percent of $500 ($50) in taxes. The consumer pays the same amount as under a retail sales tax ($1,000).
II. Pros and Cons of a Value-Added Tax
Why do some governments use a VAT if the end results are the same as with a retail sales tax?
First, the VAT is a more efficient way to raise revenues than a retail sales tax. Because tax revenue is collected in many stages under the VAT, less revenue is lost from tax evasion. Companies involved in the production process have an incentive to ensure they are dealing with companies that abide by the rules. Otherwise, some companies could end up paying taxes that should have been paid by others earlier in the production process.
Second, a value-added tax gives people an incentive to save. Consumption taxes increase the cost of goods and services, and thus encourage personal savings and investment — which in the long run can encourage growth and benefit the economy.
Several caveats should be noted about a value-added tax, however.
Consumption-based taxes raise concerns about regressivity. Because low-income households consume a larger proportion of their incomes than high-income households do, taxing consumption is often considered "regressive" and unfair. Taxing income or wealth, on the other hand, is considered "progressive" because tax rates can be adjusted according to a household's income. Apprehension about the fairness of a VAT means Congress would likely exempt certain goods and services that are deemed to be necessities. But defining what a "necessity" is can be tricky, and exempting some items from the tax diminishes the tax base.
The broader the tax base, the lower the overall tax rate needed to generate a certain amount of revenue. The opposite is also true: The more exemptions and deductions, the higher the overall tax rate will need to be. Some advocates of the VAT suppose that it would tax all consumption, making it appear very attractive in comparison to the federal income tax system with its litany of exemptions, deductions, and credits.
But just as they do now with the income tax, special interest groups would pressure lawmakers to approve questionable exemptions to a VAT. Judging from their past performance, lawmakers would be likely to approve many such exemptions, substantially narrowing the tax base – and reducing tax revenues.
The administrative costs of implementing a VAT also raise concerns. Although a VAT is efficient from the government's perspective, many businesses would face extra record-keeping and potential audits by tax officials. Because businesses in the United States are unfamiliar with administering the VAT, it would be initially more difficult to implement than a federal sales tax.
While liberals worry about regressivity, many conservatives object to any new taxes and fear that the VAT would be so successful at generating new revenues that it would facilitate dramatic increases in government spending. They also note there is no guarantee that VAT revenue would be used for deficit and debt reduction.
Finally, a national value-added tax would probably face opposition from states and local governments that rely on consumption taxes as their major source of revenue. A national VAT could increase public resistance to state and local sales taxes, or at least to increasing them.
In short, although a federal value-added tax could have some fiscal and economic benefits, it would also carry risks, and the political feasibility of such a tax is uncertain.

subset: commoncrawl


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This study is maintained and distributed by the Health and Medical Care Archive (HMCA). HMCA is the official data archive of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Associated Press Poll on the Health Care Overhaul, by Stanford University With the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, October-November 2009 [United States] (ICPSR 30421)
Principal Investigator(s): Krosnick, Jon, Stanford University
This poll was intended to measure public opinion about the proposed health care overhaul that was being considered by the United States Congress while the survey was in the field. It measured support and opposition to certain general goals for the overhaul, as well as support and opposition to specific policy proposals. Other topics investigated by the survey include health status, health insurance status, health care system experience, general perceptions of the health care system, political ideology, and approval/disapproval of the Obama Administration's performance. Demographic characteristics covered by the survey include marital status, employment status, year of birth, home tenure, religion, religiosity, race, Hispanic origin, and income.
Access Notes
One or more files in this data collection have special restrictions ; consult the restrictions note to learn more. You can apply online for access to the restricted-use data. A login is required to apply.
As explained in the ICPSR Processing Note in the codebook, variables respid (respondent ID), dm4 (year of birth), dm17 (race if Hispanic or Latino, dm18 (race if not Hispanic or Latino), and dm1718 (combined responses to dm17 and dm18) are restricted from general dissemination for reasons of confidentiality. Users interested in obtaining these data must complete an Agreement for the Use of Confidential Data, specify the reasons for the request, and obtain IRB approval or notice of exemption for their research. Apply for access to these data through the ICPSR restricted data contract portal, which can be accessed via the study home page.
Any public-use data files in this collection are available for access by the general public. Access does not require affiliation with an ICPSR member institution.
ASCII + SPSS Setup
Study Description
Krosnick, Jon. Associated Press Poll on the Health Care Overhaul, by Stanford University With the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, October-November 2009 [United States]. ICPSR30421-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2011-04-13. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR30421.v1
Persistent URL: https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR30421.v1
Export Citation:
- RIS (generic format for RefWorks, EndNote, etc.)
- EndNote XML (EndNote X4.0.1 or higher)
This study was funded by:
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (67003)
Scope of Study
Subject Terms: health care access, health care reform, health care services, health insurance, public opinion
Geographic Coverage: United States
- 2009
- 2009-10-29--2009-11-9
Universe: Adults aged 18 years or older in the United States, including Alaska and Hawaii.
Sample: Nationally-representative probability sample of adults in the United States. The interviews were conducted in English and Spanish on both landline and cellular telephones.
Weight: The data contain a weight variable that accounts for probabilities of selection, as well as age, sex, education, and race, using targets from the March 2008 supplement of the Current Population Survey. In addition to these factors, the weighting takes into account the patterns of land and cell phone usage by region from the 2008 Spring estimates provided by Mediamark Research, Inc.
Mode of Data Collection: telephone interview
Extent of Processing: ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:
- Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.
Original ICPSR Release: 2011-04-13
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HOUSTON - Temperatures have been cool for the past five days. In fact, we haven't been above 70 degrees since Sunday, which makes this most recent cool spell the longest of the season!
The weekend is almost upon us and the holiday season is gearing up full force. Thanksgiving is less than a week away, holiday ads are littering the airwaves, garland is going up at shopping centers from Cypress to Seabrook and The Ice at Discovery Green kicks off Saturday. What better time for us to head into a warm spell!
Yes, the weather is going to get warmer next week, and the trend begins this weekend. If you're brimming with excitement for a drive to Discovery Green to take a spin on the newly-erected rink, you may want a pair of shorts to go with your skates if you're heading out in the afternoon. Evenings will still be a little cool, so jeans and a jacket will work well when night falls.
While temperatures won't skyrocket this weekend, we will finally see 70 for the first time in a week by Saturday afternoon. Sunday should top out a couple of degrees warmer than that. Overnight lows this weekend will remain a little chilly, as we bottom out in the 40s.
By the middle of next week, though, we'll be into the upper 70s for afternoon highs and in the mid 50s to 60 degrees for overnight lows -- well above normal for this time of year. 'Tis the season, right?
More Weather:
- Houston JustWeather.com
- Severe Weather Alerts
- Weather Maps and Radars
- Radar Loops
- Lightning Tracker
- Weather Videos
- Your Hot Shot Pics
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Copyright 2012 by Click2Houston.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Melo at PF > Amare at PF
Would have been nice if we beat Miami the other night. However. Better to beat em in playoffs. Kinda like gmen did to so many teams in their 07 and 11 playoff SB runs. They lost to GB big and Dallas twice and the Pats in 07 regular yr. then beat em all when it counted. They lost to GB and SF in 11 and beat em when it counted. Oh they did beat pats during yr and then beat em again for good measure in SB. Lol
No letdown in NJ tomorrow night or this win means nothing.
My nephews are saying they would have won with Allen and the other guy they had out. Told them to EAT IT
you guys know whats funny its not even that Melo is at the 4 because he's still being defended by 3's its the spacing and structure, everyone is playing off of Melo and he's making the right decisions. STAT just has to pick his spots and get open and he'll be fine, if Chandler can get 20 playing off Melo so can STAT
STAT needs to rebound and defend at a high level and he'll get an easy 17-25 a night
p.s. Mike Bibby did a great job at point tonight really controlled the game for a long spurt
Baron get well soon
Philly lost again... Celtics could of clinched the Atlantic with a win tonight and we stopped them
lol @ Carmelo Robinson, but the choice is still his. He can go down as the next Glen Robinson or continue to play the way he has under Woodson. He controls his own destiny, i really wish we could get up to 6th and play the Pacers in the first round.


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You have chance to watch great tennis, pro and local
Jan. 24, 2013 at 11:02 p.m.
Updated Jan. 24, 2013 at 7:25 p.m.
In addendum to last week's article when I wrote about pro tennis players and performance enhancing drugs, I wrote that bit before the rest of my article and Lance Armstrong's subsequent admission of his guilt.
Since then, the responses from the same top tennis professionals have varied from saddened to angry to players like Serena Williams saying, "I hope he gets punished." Williams was questioning the affect it may have on all other sports.
Novak Djokovic, the No. 1 men's player, said in his interview that, in addition to being "punished," and that "he is an embarrassment to his sport and to all sports."
All of the players on tour carry a wallet-sized card that reminds them of the guidelines. Even if you have the flu, you have to request permission to take a simple antihistamine.
Novak was also involved in one of the most dramatic and epic matches of this year's Australian Open - a match that lasted 5 hours and 2 minutes.
For those of you who casually watch tennis, you will see games that finish 7-6. That means that set ended in a tie breaker.
However, in the fifth set, in men's, and the third set in women's (both are the final set), there is no use of a tie breaker.
The set is played until the winner prevails by two games.
The tiebreaker itself was invented in the 1960's by the late Jimmy Van Alan. It was invented to shorten the matches and it made them more viewer friendly for television.
Last week was the first tournament of the spring season, hosted by Victoria West.
There was some very high quality tennis that was played in the Boys A draw.
Personally, I think one could have charged admission to watch the top four boys that competed at the tournament.
Eric Deahnert (Beeville), Ryder Billo (Goliad), David Du (St. Joseph), and Wade Billenbeck (Schulenburg) put on quite a show last week.
I believe it's a great start to the spring season for all of the schools in the crossroads.
As we have hit a stretch of good weather in the last week, adults and kids alike have already started returning to the tennis courts.
Anyone interested in competing in a tournament should go to USTA.com and see the various tournaments that are being offered not only in the spring, but throughout the year.
It's a great chance to meet new people, make new friends, and enjoy competitive tennis regardless of your individual level.
You can explore the National Tennis Rating Program (NTRP) to figure out your rating and play a tournament at your level of ability.
Singles, doubles, and mixed doubles, it's all wonderful to play. And of course for the juniors there are different age levels.
Philip Perez is the assistant head tennis professional at Victoria Country Club. He can be reached by email at email@example.com.


text:
Quote:I don't know...my feeling on young black belts has always been that I can pick them up and toss them halfway across the room one handed...as such, they're not really proficient martial artists because they can't defend themselves against a stronger attacker. I just feel that you have to reach a certain crossroads of physical and mental maturity before you should be able to test for a black belt.I think the question you should ask is "how much does testing cost at your school?" If it's 10 bucks a shot...then he's probably just promoting young black belts. If it's a few hundred a test then I would say it's a "mcdojo" and they're just trying to cash in.
Night club fight footage and street fights captured
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Let's Not Play the 'Blame Game' Over All the Ways We Screwed You
The Way We Live Now: being proven wrong. It doesn't do much for our self-esteem, but then again, self-esteem and a buck fifty will get you a cup of coffee these days. And a buck fifty's nowhere to be found.
Okay, so, we thought that the ban on oil drilling in the Gulf would totally devastate the economy down there and guess what, it didn't. So, sue us. We work for oil companies, what do you want from us?
Forgiveness. That is what we, as Americans, all desire from one another. We can do a brisk business forgiving each other for our various sins, for cash. Let's take, I don't know, our nation's war follies, for example. Turns out that, at least by librul calculations, it was a monstrous waste of hundreds of billions of dollars as well as thousands upon thousands of live. Okay! Whoops! We're sorry! Jesus, we thought it would work out. It didn't. Let's move on.
With forgiveness! It's no good to move on and everyone's mad about things. So we messed up. It happens. It's not like we miscalculated state pension obligations to the tune of $3 trillion. Okay, we did that too. But it's not like we were so irresponsible with money that we caused our police forces to cut back to the point that they can't even respond to burglary or theft calls because they have to focus on the shootings.
Oh—yes we did. That one, we did. That's right. Sorry. Mix up.
So for those and everything else, you forgive us, and we'll forgive you, and we'll call it all even. Okay? Okay. Because we have another shit show coming down Wall Street right now. Let's start this one with a clean slate!


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Pioneer - Hi-Res audio system Stellanova to wirelessly play DND audio
Pioneer is going to release an audio system called Stellanova in late December. It was on display at CEATEC 2014 held last October.
Stellanova is able to play back Hi-Res audio files (DSD 5.6MHz, PCM 192kHz/24bit) saved on iPhone, iPad and HDD wirelessly through the dedicated iPhone/iPad application.


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Defending champ Pettersson kicks of RBC Heritage
Carl Pettersson was more concerned with the club than the cannon.
When the defending RBC Heritage champion prepared to open this year's tournament Monday with a ceremonial shot into the Calibogue Sound, Pettersson questioned the effectiveness of the replica 19th-century club he had been given.
The traditional firing of a cannon during the shot, whose volume surprised Brandt Snedeker at last year's opening ceremony, was a secondary concern.
"I was actually wondering if I was going to get (the ball) airborne," Pettersson said. "I did alright — put a little fade on it out there."
Pettersson's shot set up the 45th playing of the RBC Heritage at the Harbour Town Golf Links on Hilton Head Island, with the first round scheduled for Thursday.
Harbour Town is a favored destination for Pettersson, and not just because it was the site of his fifth PGA Tour victory last April. The Sweden native and longtime North Carolina resident shot a 2-under 69 in the final round to beat Zach Johnson by five shots at 14 under overall.
Pettersson said after the ceremony Monday he had "memories coming back as I walked up here close to the 18th green," where he was in command a year ago and clinched his victory in the shadow of the Harbour Town lighthouse.
Hilton Head has long been a place for Pettersson to unwind with his wife, DeAnna, and children, Carlie and Chase. He is making his 11th consecutive appearance at Harbour Town. Eight-year-old Carlie joined her father in the ceremony's parade and the rest of the family posed for pictures by the cannon Monday afternoon.
The Heritage is in its second year with title sponsor Royal Bank of Canada and presenting sponsor Boeing. The companies signed on in summer 2011 to secure the tournament's future through 2016 after it went on without a sponsor in 2011. Verizon completed its contract as title sponsor in 2010 and decided not to renew.
"I know there were some struggles to get a sponsor," said Pettersson, who also won the 2010 RBC Canadian Open, "and it would have been a shame to lose this great tournament."
Sen. Tim Scott joined several local government officials in addressing the crowd packed in the stands that overlook the 18th green. He emphasized the financial impact the Heritage provides as South Carolina's only PGA Tour event.
"It's important for us to recognize the $80 million-plus of economic impact for our state," Scott said.
Having filled his role as the ceremonial starter, Pettersson said he planned to "knuckle down" and focus on defending his title this week.
His first tee shot Thursday should be less nerve-wracking than the one he hit Monday. He will use his own equipment, for one thing, and the spectators surely won't match the sound of that cannon.
"I had some earplugs in. It was pretty loud," Pettersson said. "It shook the ground pretty good."


text: Dietz designs underwear for men that love comfort combined with innovative styles. The playful and peaceful line for men includes boxer briefs, trunks, thongs and mens swimwear. Each style is made with high quality fabrics like soft cotton, microfiber and a polyamide blend. Men wearing Dietz are able to move freely without worry of cinching or riding up from their underwear. It can be worn through the day working or while working out and into the night. Dietz gives men sexy designs with a soft feel.Dietz brings a bit of European feel to all of its products to stay true to the family roots. The Dietz family arrived in Brazil from Switzerland at the turn of the century. The third generation Dietzs began designing and producing swimwear in San Paulo in 1980. Eighteen years later, one of the great grandsons, Caio, brought his designs from Brazil to Mexico realizing there was a large market for men's underwear. He began producing extraordinary underwear from high quality fabrics and beautiful patterns. Soon Dietz became a household name.The collections in the Dietz line all offer different, unique designs. Komfort offers soft fabrics and traditional colors. Each piece has a contour pouch that offers improved comfort and support. The Milano collection offers a trendy feel to underwear. Pieces are made from elastane and polyamide. The Natura Brief collection is the traditional, classic underwear. It is made from an exceptionally soft fabric blend in a simple silhouette. This collection likes to say the products are basic without looking basic.Men love the Komfort boxer's fit. One man said, "They manages to be comfortable AND very well-fitted. I bought these to wear under cycling shorts and slim jeans since my boxers wrinkle up and also lack support. These are perfect for what I need." The Milano boxer gets praises for being supportive and sexy. One customer said, "It almost feels like a bathing suit. Dietz products are superior in design and construction. They feel comfortable, yet sturdy."The sexy Bianco brief isn't left out when it comes to the love of these designs. One man that bought the open mesh net fabric brief said, "Surprisingly well made and functional, not just a fun novelty. Works well under athletic shorts."Dietz customers as a whole say every piece in the collections is made to feel like a second skin. Dietz doesn't go overboard with bright, crazy designs and colors, but sticks close to the classic feeling of the family's European roots. Make no mistake there are some outbursts of color, but overall Dietz remains classic in its designs. All products are made to be sexy, supportive and comfortable. Dietz knows some men love the feel of cotton while others love silky microfiber. They give men what they want, but go up an extra notch by offering those fabrics in many different styles. A Dietz man is dressed in the highest level of style with the ultimate level of comfort.


text:
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text:
" Author: Jodi Picoult / Format: Paperback / Date of publication: 15 August 2013 / Genre: Modern & Contemporary Fiction / Publisher: Hodder & Stoughton General Division / Title: Nineteen Minutes / ISBN 13: 9781444754360 / ISBN 10: 1444754360 "
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Another bestseller from picoult but I am going to be a little bit controversial and say that this book left me a little cold.
I am a huge fan of Picoult and her ability to get you on the side of the character and feel real empathy for them.
But I don't think she managed it with the characters in this book.
The story is that after years of bullying a boy takes a gun into school and shoots all those who make his life miserable.
The twist at the end of the story is that he is not the only perosn who killed on that fateful day. His ex best friend shot her boyfriend in order to protect her friend Peter.
This twist was not believable unfortunately. I think there needed to be more interaction between the 2 characters if this was to happen.
Also, although the characters that are murdered have bullied Peter, and by no means do I justify bullying, but I struggle to have empathy with Peter because Picoult didn't really go into the abuse he faced on a daily basis, just that it happened. Also, he shows no remorse for what he has done. He simply says 'they started it.'
I would well recommend this book for a discussion group, because it definitely stirs different things in different people.
I will read this again for sure, and see if my opinion changes.
I read this book in April 2007 and was utterly caught up by it. I have read a few of Picoult's books and although I couldn't read her stuff back to back, I do like them from time to time.
Picoult's books all tend to be very hard hitting and certainly leave you thinking "what would I do?" And this one is no different
The story follows Peter. A kid who is bullied throughout school and ends up taking a gun in one day and shooting a load of classmates. The story is absolutely shocking and it flicks between the court case (Picoult loves a court case chapter or two!) and flashbacks of peters bullied past.
The book is hard to read, at least it was for me as I didn't have a particularly great time at school and so I really connected with the boy.
The story is heart wrenching. Peter has one friend in junior school, Josie, but she soon becomes popular when they move on to high school and she turns her back on peter. Although she never actively takes part in the bullying of Peter, she turns a blind eye while her "in crowd" friends do.
Despite the shocking content of this book, I absolutely loved it, and I went on to read it again in 2011 and I have just finished it for the third time today
As I right this review I have come over all cold and covered in goosebumps and that is a perfect description of how I felt throughout
I recommend this book to anyone who will listen! It is thought provoking and powerful but is fantastically written. Have the tissues ready though.
I borrowed Nineteen Minutes when I spotted it in the library as it was one of the few books by Jodi Picoult that I haven't read. I was actually at the library with my two year old for a read and rhyme session but this book was displayed on the counter as a book club promotion so I grabbed it when I saw it even though I'm not in a book club! They had plenty of copies so I didn't feel I was doing others out of reading it. The library is the second local library to me and not one I had visited before taking our child to the children's sessions so I was pleasantly surprised that they had this book as it is only a small branch staffed mainly by volunteers. But that's probably a whole other review for the dooyoo lounge!
A bit about
The book begins with some narrative about what you can do in nineteen minutes. Wash your car; colour your hair; sort laundry... but the nineteen minutes refers to something much more sinister. Peter is a teenager with a burden. He's been bullied all his life and is about to bite back. The book jumps straight to the action with peter taking a bag with guns into his high school and unleashing his weapons on anyone that gets in his way.
As usual, Picolt's way of writing draws you in to the story and something which at first appears to be a black and white clear case becomes something that is further examined through a court case. Peter's life is examined from his birth and childhood through to the awkward teenage years. Underneath he's just a normal kid that has been dealt a few tough cards in life.
Timeline and characters
The time line jumps backwards and forwards in the book so you need to pay attention to the chapter headings which all work around the date of the shootings. The chapters are also narrated by different characters so you get a lot of perspectives on this story. Josie is Peter's childhood friend and they were close as young children but when Josie joins the popular kids at school she tries to sever the ties with Peter as he's a bit geeky and someone she is embarrased to call her friend. Josie's mum Alex is a high court judge and a bit of a cold fish with her daughter, so they have a bit of a problematic relationship where Josie feels she can't tell her mum everything. Peter's mum Lacey is a midwife and has lost one of her boys in a car accident so Peter becomes all the more precious to her although she knows he is a bit of a loner she tries to encourage him by getting him to join the football team at school which brings him more misery by way of the locker room and he is never picked to play on the team anyway.
My thoughts
Obviously there have been other high school shootings in America like the one in Columbine which have inspired Picoult to write this novel, but what makes it really interesting is how she tries to get inside the head of the killer and in fact little sympathy is given to the victims in the book, those who are dead and injured and their parents are given little space in this story. It does make for difficult reading at many points in the book, we assume schools are safe places to send our children and yet it only takes one person on the rampage to completely change that safe environment to one of danger. I could never read this book and condone the actions of the killer; that he is guilty is never in doubt but it helped to see what led to his actions and what was going through his mind when he took his revenge.
Final word
This has definitely ranked in my top five favourite reads of Picoult. I like how she picks a challenging subject to write about and manages to gain a level of sympathy from the reader for someone who would be villainised in the media. Peter is one of the quiet kids in school and it got me thinking about those who were on the periphery at my school and perhaps how it made them feel when they were bullied by others. Sometimes it's what you see in reflection that makes you think rather that what was going on at the time.
Jodi Picoult is an American writer who has written 18 novels. I have read a lot of these and I think 19 Minutes is one of her best. I read it when it first came out and I just finished reading a second time it this morning.
Jodi Picoult tends to write about events raising moral issues which culminate in a court case, where a twist is often revealed. 19 Minutes does follow this typical formula but that doesn't make it any less gripping. The subject of this book is a high school shooting and we are shown what life is like at Sterling High School before the shooting, in the aftermath and at the end we finally learn all the details of what actually happened during the 19 minutes in which the shooting took place.
The book is written from the point of view of multiple characters, including the shooter, Peter Houghton. I think the Peter sections are really interesting and we see how he has developed throughout his life and how constant bullying from the first day of school at age 5 has slowly changed his personality. Peter is not shown as purely as a bad person who did a terrible crime, but as a normal person who was pushed so far that he became capable of it. Jodi Picoult does not make excuses for his actions but the way she portrays Peter allows you to see him as a victim in his own way. I did feel sympathy for him despite what he had done. The Peter sections give quite a shocking impression of American high school life and the way students are divided into groups of cool and uncool people, which you often see in American TV shows and films. I find it quite fascinating to read about this kind of mini society in high schools with its own rules.
Josie Cormier is another of the main characters. She is the daughter of a local judge who originally wants to be the judge in Peter's case. Josie was friends with Peter when she was younger, but later dropped him as she became part of the "cool" clique and started dating a popular jock. The insights we get into Josie's "cool" friends shown that some are actually pretty horrible people. We see that while Josie is in this group she constantly feels unsure of who she is and is scared that at any moment she could lose her status. She feels desperate to fit in because she doesn't want to end up an outsider who is treated like Peter. This mindset makes her do some questionable things, like joining in with the bullying of Peter. Josie is an interesting character but I think sometimes it would have been nice to understand some of her actions a bit better.
As well as the teenage characters we also have sections from the point of view of Peter's parents, Lacy and Lewis. I find the sections on Lacy particularly good because she really wanted to do the best for her son and believed that she was, but we see how clueless she is throughout and how she sometimes just made things worse for him at school. We also get to know Josie's mum, the judge Alex Cormier. She is not a particularly emotional character and struggles in her relationship with Josie, as she has always focussed on her career and never had a close relationship with her own parents.
The court case is interesting and considers issues like whether Peter acted deliberating and intentionally or whether he was not mentally responsible for his actions. Throughout the court case we slowly find out more about what happened, until the whole truth is finally revealed. I found the twist quite shocking even though I had started to wonder about something similar. I won't say too much about it as I don't want to spoil anything but the twist made me a bit uncomfortable. However, I think this is probably the reaction Jodi Picoult wanted.
In general I was really gripped by this book, even the second time as I had forgotten a lot of the details and could read it again as if it was the first time.
If you like any of Jodi Picoult's other books then this is definitely a good one to read. I would also recommend it to anyone who wants a book which is easy to read and a gripping page turner, but which does really make you think. Jodi Picoult is sometimes labelled chicklit but I don't think I would consider this book to be chicklit at all. It is a sensitive and interesting look at a shocking crime and the society in which it happened.
This book is centred around a school shooting. Peter Houghton has endured a childhood of bullying and abuse at school by the so called popular kids, he was even rejected by his best friend Josie Cormier as she became friends with a group of kids who would constantly bully him. Peter has endured the bullying for years but an incident occurs which finally sends him over the edge, following which he enters his school armed with guns and commits an unimaginable act of violence.
Jodi Picoult has a way of playing with her readers' emotions, she opens the novel with details of the shooting whereby we are typically made to feel sympathy for the victims and hatred for the shooter. As the book develops however she explores the characters individually, we go deeper into the world of each character and she manages to change our opinions by hearing the story from each of them. Within 'Nineteen Minutes' Jodi Picoult explores how such an event could affect so many peoples lives, she primarily seems to focus on the parents involved. She discusses and raises questions about the emotions felt by the parents, in particular Peters (How would you cope if your child committed such an act of violence? Would you blame yourself? What must it feel like to not know your own child?).
There are many twists and turns within the book, so much so I felt like I could not put it down. The main theme which I noticed was 'difference', she brings to light the difference in human nature and questions whether we should succumb to peer pressure by changing who we are just to 'fit in'.
'Nineteen Minutes' I believe is the most emotionally charged of all of Picoult's books that I have read so far. I finished the novel with many questions, it made me think about the current social issues which surround bullying, difference and violence. My favourite books are ones which are able to spark debate and get me thinking, this is a page turner that I definitely reccommend.
As you may have gathered from my past book reviews, I've been converted to Jodi Picoult books (mostly from reviews on here!) and have read a few of her books now. On a recent visit to the library, I saw one which wasn't on the shelf last time around so I thought I might as well give it a try. The author has a strong tendency to tackle issues that are controversial and things are no different here as the main plot revolves around the consequences of a high school shooting. I hesitated at first, unsure as to whether it would be a touch too heavy for my tastes given that I predominantly read chick lit books and have only recently started to branch out into less fluffy reads. If I hadn't already read some of her other work, I probably would have put this back on the shelf but I knew that she had handled controversial issues with sensitivity and emotion in other books and figured I could always take it back if it proved too much.
After a short first-person blurb which reads like a note - presumably from the person responsible for the events that will unfold in the book - the book opens with an series of very shorts paragraphs which are mostly only a single sentence long, of which the final sentence jumped out at me: 'In nineteen minutes, you can get revenge'. This intrigued me, especially given that the inside cover blurb indicates that the plot of the book involves a high school shooting. This sentence is obviously 'spoken' by the instigator but we don't learn who this is. The book properly begins in the next paragraph, where the narrative switches to the third person. I'm used to Jodi Picoult books being written in the first person with chapters devoted to single characters (My Sister's Keeper; Handle With Care etc.) so this took a bit of getting used to. We're introduced to a range of characters in the first chapter before the actual shooting occurs. This introduction doesn't happen in real-time - instead, one of the characters stumbles across the scene in the immediate aftermath, which I suspect is deliberate to conceal the identity of who it is.
The third person narrative works well here because there's no in-depth exploration of why the shooting happened from his viewpoint. This would be extremely difficult and perhaps even impossible unless the author was someone who had done this and knew what it is that possesses people to go on a shooting frenzy. Here, the narrative is less personal than some of her other books and there are no chapters devoted to individual characters as you find in the likes of My Sister's Keeper. Instead, you'll find multiple narratives/viewpoints in the same chapter so one paragraph (or several paragraphs) will focus on one character and switch to another and so on. This keeps up a fast pace as you're frequently switching between various characters. As is typical of Jodi Picoult books, there are chapters that go back into the past. You might expect many of these chapters to focus on Peter to try to offer some understanding of why he acted as he did but they actually delve into the past of other characters like Alex and Josie. Through some of this 'flashbacks', it begins to become more obvious why Peter chose to target particular students, although some still seem random.
Some of the main characters are:
Peter - The boy who turns the gun on his fellow students after enduring years of torment and abuse.
Lacy - Peter's mother, who is unsurprisingly stunned to know that her son could ever be capable of such a crime.
Lewis - Peter's father, whose hunting guns Peter uses to carry out the shootings.
Alex - The judge who is assigned to sit on Peter's case. Her daughter is a student at the high school where Peter opened fire and she is seen by many as being too close to the case.
Josie - Alex's daughter, who is a student at the high school and was at the scene during the shooting. Her boyfriend Matt is one of the students killed in the rampage and to complicate matters, Peter used to be one of her best friends.
Patrick - A policeman who comes across the scene and is understandably schocked and horrified by what he sees. He is in charge of the case.
Jordan - The lawyer who agrees to take on Peter's case despite knowing that it is probably a hopeless task.
So, did I enjoy the book given my initial hesitance to read it? Enjoy is probably the wrong word given the dark subject matter but the book gripped me throughout. There were subtle hints that one of the characters knew more about the shooting than they were letting on and it was this possibility that kept my interest as I was keen to find out if this was the case and how it could fit into the equation. There is a rather big twist right towards the end of the book which I didn't see coming.
It only takes 19 minutes to change a life....
The Plot: Peter Houghton goes to his local high school, just as he attended his local junior school and since his very first day at school, aged 5, he has been bullied. There is something about Peter which makes him different and the other children, who followed him through the school system, pick on him unmercilessly. At first he has his friend, Josie, to stand by him but she soon longs for a more popular experience and pals up with the pretty girls, and dates one of the popular boys. Alone and friendless, one day Peter walks into his High School with four guns. 19 minutes later, 9 students and one teacher are dead, and considerably more are wounded. As the community starts to realise what has happened, the clouds of a trial start gathering. In a small community, feelings run high and whilst there never has been any doubt as to it being Peter who shot everyone, what everyone wants to know is why.
My feelings:
Like in many of her other books, Picoult is an expert at getting you to feel empathy for a character who you don't expect to feel anything for, and making you dislike characters that initially you had sympathy for. The storyline in this book is a difficult one as the subject matter is one which we have seen played out in High Schools around the world. No one will ever be able to fully say why someone wakes up in the morning and takes guns into school to shoot their class mates and I felt the author captured the confusion in a small community. The hardest passages for me to read were for Peter's mother, as she is such a sweet lady and it's so hard for her to understand how her son could do this. The other parts which were hard to read were the descriptions of Peter's bullying. He literally endures 12 years of bullying and in some small way, you can kind of understand why he fights back. I really enjoyed reading this book and read it in a day as I simply couldn't put it down. At some point in the book I felt sympathy for everyone and by the end of the book you really don't know who is in the right and who is in the wrong.
The Writing:
One of Jodi's common literary techniques is to tell the story from different people's point of view. Normally she achieves this by writing in the first person. 19 Minutes detracts from this technique, although she does still tell the story from different time points and people's points of view, the whole story, barring some diary extracts, is written in the third person. In between sections of the book, there are diary entries which, in a typical Jodi Picoult style narrative, appear to be written by one person, but later on is revealed to be by someone else. I always enjoy her style of writing, even in some of the books where the subject matter has been less interesting and the story less gripping - her writing is unique and sets the scene well. I find she writes her characters very well and makes them human - there is no goodie and baddie in her books, instead there are lots of flawed humans. Like most of her other books, this one focus's on a trial but it is well written so that even those without any legal knowledge can still understand what is going on. Again like many of her other books, there is a twist and whilst I did suspect what was going to happen, the big reveal is still a shock.
I always go out of my way to recommend Jodi Picoult's books. She is a prolific American Writer with over 14 books to her name. I have read nearly all of her books and whilst others are okay, some of them shine out and this is definitely one of them.
I had never read any of Jodi Picoult's books until a year ago, then on my way to fly on holiday realized I did't have a book :( So I saw this book "Ninteen Minutes" on the book shop stand. It first captured my interest with the front cover which reads "Your son says the bullying was unbearable. But his revenge was murder. What would you do?"
I have to say I was hooked already and trundling off to the till before even ready the back! I haven't seen a book that asks quite such an intense question on the front.
The story is about a shy boy with few friends who is bullied at school. One day to everyones surprise he goes to school with all guns blazing and kills many. All it took was ninteen minutes. The story goes into details of his family and how he was brought up. Coenciding with this the story details his close friends family life and how the two come together and grow apart in the usual teen dramas.
The ending is not diappointing either - but I will say no more :)
I love this book! It had me captured from the front page and I found it really difficult to put this book down, as I always wanted to read just a little bit more. It makes you think about how easily these things can happen and that blame can not always be preportioned to one person.
I am now making my way through all her books - hoping they are all as good!
This is my second Jodie Picoult book and I was expecting to be disappointed. The author delivered so much in "Keeping Faith" - how could "Nineteen minutes" be of the same standard? I needn't have worried - it met it - and surpassed it.
From the opening you are aware that this is a story about a school killing. The author ponders "what can you do in nineteen minutes?" and then goes on to describe how Peter, a 17 year old high school student, went to school late one day, blew up another student's car and then walked through the school discharging his gun nearly 200 times. At the end of the spree nine students were killed. One teacher dead and 18 others maimed. Phew - all in the first chapter - clearly you are going to hate Peter for what he's done - right? Wrong - as the rest of the story unfolds you get glimpses into Peter's upbringing (perfectly normal) and you see his parents examine their very souls to see what they did wrong. You find out that Peter has never quite fitted in and gradually became a loner - spending hours inventing computer games - like many parents of teenagers you could recognise that they let well alone and accepted the grunted communication.
Peter only had one friend - Josie - and even she began to ignore him by the time he reached the age of around 12. Suddenly she needed to be accepted by her peers, fitting in was more important than being true to herself. So Peter went through High School being bullied every day - and suddenly he snapped.
To tell you any more would ruin the story - suffice to say that there are twists and turns around every corner and I didn't expect the final few pages. Each character is well rounded and you really began to question where your sympathies lie - or should lie. Long after finishing the book I was questioning myself.
I am a huge Jodi Piccoult fan and to date i have not read one of her books i havent loved and would happily recommend to others. I always worry when i get a new Jodi Piccoult book incase it is not as good as the others i have read.
I received this in my Christmas stocking Xmas morning (thanks Father Christmas! ;o)
I started to read it Boxing day night and had finished 2 days later after not being able to put the book down and reading for hours & hours over those 2 days!
The story line is the same Jodi Piccoult shocker which forces us to contemplate the imagineable.
"Jodi Picoult's 14th novel, Nineteen Minutes, deals with the truth and consequences of a smalltown high-school shooting. Set in Sterling, New Hampshire, Picoult offers reads a glimpse of what would cause a 17-year-old to wake up one day, load his backpack with four guns, and kill nine students and one teacher in the span of nineteen minutes.
On Peter Houghton's first day of kindergarten, he watched helplessly as an older boy ripped his lunch box out of his hands and threw it out the window. From that day on, his life was a series of humiliations, from having his pants pulled down in the cafeteria, to being called a freak at every turn. Surrounding Peter's story is that of Josie Cormier, a former friend whose acceptance into the popular crowd hangs on a string that makes it impossible for her to reconcile her beliefs with her actions.
As Peter's mother says at the end of this spellbinding novel, "Everyone would remember Peter for nineteen minutes of his life, but what about the other nine million?"
This novel challenged me with every page. I think we can all relate to the "Peters" in our school life - the ones who are bullied physically and verbally every day by the popular kids. You feel sorry for them but do not want to get involved incase the bullies turn on you as in the role of Josie.
We are all aware of various school / college shootings in the world but this book really looks at the ripple effect of the shootings from the victims to the killer to the killers parents as well as the community. I dont think i have ever read a book where i have sympathised with every character in the story.
This novel is a powerful and moral challenging story. One that will have you thinking about it long after you have finished the book.
Most people must be familiar with Jodi Picoult, a hugely successful American novelist who, with worldwide sales of more than 12 million, is also Britain's best selling female novelist. She is no prize winner or academic, but instead finds fame and fortune by writing to a very successful formula; she chooses society's most controversial moral dilemmas and turns them into popular novels, not all necessarily with a happy ending. The secret of her success is not only the subject choice, but the research that she puts into writing her books, and the authentic background along with extremely well developed central characters keep her many fans begging for more.
'Nineteen Minutes' is her 14th novel, written in 2007. Although the central theme is a high school shooting incident similar to Columbine, themes of bullying and the pressures of being a teenager and conforming to the stereotype are also deeply explored.
Peter Houghton is the seventeen year old school nerd. A bespectacled geek who has been known to speak in Martian all through recess, the reader understands from the beginning of the book that he is just plain weird and completely unable to fit in with his peers. From his first excited day at school he is bullied unmercifully. Constantly teased, having his possessions destroyed, being jostled and mocked, Peter starts to feel that his life is just not worth living. His childhood friend is Josie who, although once just as marginalised as he is, blossoms into a beautiful teenager and finds that her looks allow her to be accepted into the top "Jocks" clique, of hunky football heroes and their slim, blond girlfriends. Although she still has sympathy for Peter, she is too scared to show this in case she loses her hard won popularity, and has now become one of Peter's tormentors - the final betrayal. The pain that Peter feels every day of his life goes unrecognised by his parents and his teachers. The general feeling is that he should toughen up and fight back, and Peter indeed does fight back - but not in the way that anybody could imagine. Getting ready for school one day, Peter sees something on his computer screen that finally sends him over the edge and, taking two pistols and two rifles, he goes into the school fully armed, killing 9 students and a teacher, and injuring many more. The whole incident takes only 19 minutes, but during that time the whole community is destroyed.
The book sets out to analyse in depth the causes and the effects of such a terrible incident, flashing back to scenes from Peter's past to explain the depth of the bullying that has come to dominate his life. Josie's life runs in close parallel to Peter's, and the pressures that have turned her into a borderline anorexic with suicidal thoughts are fully explored. As usual Picoult devotes time to the development of the minor characters in the novel so that the reader feels fully engaged with the whole story. Jordan McAfee is a character that has appeared in several of Picoult's books already. Taking on the controversial job of defending Peter in court, McAfee and his family desperately try to find a way to get a favourable outcome in the trial. Patrick Ducharme has also appeared in previous novels, and in 'Nineteen Minutes' plays the love interest, the hero who is first into the battle zone of the High School, and the detective who tries to make sense out of the whole mess.
I had two main concerns about this book; the first was the vague feeling that it was, perhaps unintentionally, setting out to pillory the working mother. Peter's mother Lacy is blamed by many townsfolk for raising such a monster and, quite naturally she examines every moment of Peter's childhood to see if she could have changed the course of events. Was it something she did? Could she have done something better? A caring full-time midwife, she has endless compassion and understanding for her patients - how could she fail to notice that her son is so depressed, solitary and lonely? How could she not do something about the endless bullying that he tells her about? Similar themes are explored in Lionel Shriver's book 'We Need to Talk About Kevin', but unlike Shriver, Picoult seems to lay the blame firmly at the feet of the mother who does not have enough time to notice. Another main character is the young and ambitious Judge Alex Cormier. Mother to Josie, she puts her career first every time, not noticing the changes in her daughter or hearing the silent and desperate calls for help. Josie feels manipulated by stereotypes; she has to be thin enough, popular enough and clever enough to stay in the cool group. The fear of sinking down to Peter's level and being bullied instead of admired rules her entire life. I felt that the unspoken comment from Picoult was always that if either of these women had been traditional all American stay at home moms, a tragedy could have been averted.
My second worry about the book was the almost voyeuristic interest I found in myself when reading the details of the massacre. These details had been very well researched by Picoult, who got a first hand account of the picture of a post-massacre Columbine from the local sheriff. Children hiding in air vents; literally running out of their shoes in fear; leaving abandoned sandwiches and drinks scattered in the cafeteria - all these details from Columbine appear in 'Nineteen Minutes'. Although the details of the injuries, the wounds, the positions of the bodies were deeply upsetting, I was ashamed to find an almost gratuitous satisfaction in reading these passages and feeling the horror and distress.
Like most of Picoult's books, this novel was a compulsive read that left me disturbed and thinking deeply about the issues - and from this point of view, I consider the book to be a success. It managed to evoke a lot of emotion and I really found myself caring about the characters. Despite this, I feel that it compares poorly to other similar novels, particularly 'We Need to Talk About Kevin', which was written with great skill and sensitivity. Jodie Picoult always aims for the controversial, for the shock factor, and although this has been very successful in the past, I felt that 'Nineteen Minutes' did not quite hit the mark.
Hodder Paperbacks, 2007. 608 pages.
Jodi Picoult is one of my favourite authors, but unfortunately she doesn't write quick enough compared to the amount I read, so I have found myself reading through her books again. I have just finished Nineteen minutes at 3am this morning (it's a really addictive book!).
In case you haven't read any of my book reviews before, please keep in mind that I try not to give too much away about the story, otherwise it would be pointless in reading the book. I do try and give some hints in my reviews, and make you think about certain things, which reading back, might sway you to buy the book just so you know what happens!!
~The story~
Peter has always been bullied from a young age, but he tried not to take it too seriously as he had his best friend, Josie, to help try and take his mind off things. When he started high school, the bullying got a lot worse, and worse than thatm Josie started developing close friendships with the popular kids. Before long Josie was completely 'on the other side'. Even having a 'Jock' boyfriend, Matt. The popular crowd bullied Peter more than any other student in the school, and Josie was 'forced' to participate in it as well.
Peter still tried to keep his head up high with the bullies, until he realises that he has feelings for Josie. He decides to tell her this by email, but it all goes awfully wrong, and ends up with a very, very humiliated Peter in the school cafeteria.
This was the day that pushed Peter to his limits and he set out on a plan that would change many people's lives forever - he goes on a shooting spree in his High School, killing anyone that got in his way. But Peter was stopped by the police before he could kill the one person he really hated ... himself.
As in all of Jodi Picoult's books, the story then starts to unfold in a court hearing, and Peter's lawyer, Jordan, believes that he was suffering from PTSD caused by the bullying. This has never been used as a defence in court before so Jordan is taking a huge gamble. But, will it pay off? Who's fingerprint was on the second gun? And who really shot Matt?
Peter is the victim of the bullying, as hes not like the other kids in school. He has a very keen interest in computers and even designs and produces games which are released on the internet. However, one of these games is Peter's downfall, and the police soon notice that this was premeditated murder. Picoult makes us to feel sorry for Peter, which I never thought would happen due to the crimes he committed, but by the end of the book I felt such relief for him that I became a bit weepy!
Once Peter's best friend, Josie turns her back on Peter and becomes part of the group that have bullied him since his first day at school. Later on in the story, she admits that she did this because she didn't want to be treated the way Peter was by other students. Basically, shes selfish. Again, Picoult writes in a way that makes us feel sorry for Josie too, and everything that she went through. But theres a twist to Josie's version of events on the day of the shooting, something that perhaps makes Josie a suspect.
Alex is Josie's mum and the town's only female Superior Court Judge. Alex is forced to choose between being a mother, or being a Judge on the shooting case, but which one will she choose? For me, there would be no hesitation in being a mum and supporting my daughter, but Alex has never had a close bond with Josie, and feels the only way she can help is to try the case. Picoult makes us look at Alex in a different perspective from the other characters, even though she is also being made to choose between two things, but again, in the end all you feel for Alex is sympathy of the situation she is in.
Lacy is Peter's mum who's a qualified midwife. Throughout the book, she keeps on stating that it might be her fault that Peter turned out the way he did, was it something that went wrong in Childbirth? Or the way she raised him? Or was the situation completely unavoidable? Lacy is the most whingey character out of the book, but then when you remember that her son entered his own school and started killing students, you realise that she has every right to be as sad and depressed as she is. I think that Lacy does play an important part of the book, and Picoult was right to include her character in depth. After all, if we, as a parent, were in the same situation, would we not be blaming ourselves as well? Thinking that we had done something wrong when raising our child? I know I would.
Jordan is Peter's solicitor, and again plays an important character in the book. He accepts the job offer of being Peter's lawyer, and to try and get him released. But how can he do this when there are over 1,000 witnesses to what Peter did? It was Jordan that came up with the idea of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder as a result of chronic victimization and Peter's court case is the first time that this has ever been given as a defence, as it is not a syndrome that exists by name. Will Jordan succeed?
The book is written in the first-person narrative but changes throughout the chapters, so that we can get accounts of how the main characters are feeling before, and throughout, the incident. The book flips from talking in the present (i.e. the court case) to talking about the past (i.e. Peter's childhood). Even though this can be quite confusing in the beginning before you've had a chance to get to know the characters, it does all come together. Picoult was very clever to write in this style, and brave as well! I am one of these people that don't tend to read books that change perspective from one minute to the next, so I was pleasantly surprised that this book caused no problems whatsoever and it was very easy to grasp. All I can advise is to not give up on the book, give it a chance and you will learn to enjoy the narrative as much as I have.
You can buy Nineteen minutes from any good bookstore, or it is currently on offer at Amazon, normally £7.99 it is now down to £5. Bargain!
~~Also posted on Helium.com under the same username (I'm trying it out!)~~
Jodi Picoult is a favourite of mine. You can usually expect to find some kind of twist in her novels which show a whole new perspective on things. Possibly why I enjoy them so much. That's not to say that all of her books are interesting. On a few occasions I haven't been able to finish them, just as in this case where it took me a fair few attempts to reach the ending.
Nineteen Minutes follows the story of Peter Houghton. Bullied at school, he takes matters into his own hands when no one else will help. It's the last thing anyone would of expected of him when he shoots and kills 9 students and 1 teacher whilst injuring many others. At first everyone sees him as being another cold blooded killer until his lawyer actually starts to talk to him. Trying to understand the reasons why he did it.
This isn't the only theme running through. We see his relationship with Josie Cormier, a girl who he grew up and was close friends with develop before drifting away again. All because of the social standings of school life.
At first it's easy to like her. Sticking up for Peter when somebody teases him, even getting into fights and standing by him when he needs her support. Of course these kinds of friendships aren't always going to last, especially when she realizes that when she isn't with Peter people are actually nice to her. When she's away from him she is accepted into the group of popular kids. The same ones which targeted her old friend from the start. Something which he can't understand.
Gradually as her attitudes start to change so do your feelings towards her. At how cold and callous she has become to fit in, so much so that it's as if that nice little girl never existed. I felt no sympathy towards her, especially when the attack happened. Part of you wants to blame her for Peter going on the rampage. Despite how little involved she was.
There are several other characters you feel like blaming as well. His parents for being too gentle with him. Josie's Mum for not allowing the two friends see each other after school. The teachers who did nothing and obviously the bullies themselves.
I'm not saying that those who got shot deserved it, I just don't feel any remorse for them. It's a very thought provoking novel, more so than any other Jodi Picoult books. Is it right for someone whose life has been completely ruled by incessant bullying, to kill those who were doing it? An extreme way of fighting back to say the least.
Overall I really enjoyed reading this book. It takes a deep look into the life of Peter Houghton and what he does to avoid being targeted. It also picks up the different ways the parents raise their children and the way old friendships can be ruined by the slightest of actions. Liking and sympathizing with a killer is rare for me but in this case that's what has happened.
It has 592 pages in total and is, after a few attempts, one which I struggled to put down. The chapters flicker from different periods in time. From the start of his school life to just a few days after the attack. You also get to read about a bit of Josie's life as well, to do with her Mum, a high court judge, and her boyfriend-one of Peters bullies.
It cost me £7.99 from WHSmiths but you can also get it on Amazon for £5.59.
This is a great book and is one I'd strongly recommend. If you're looking for something lighthearted then don't bother with this as it's about more serious topics. A definite for any Jodi Picoult fan and is probably one of her best.
The subject of this book didn't appeal to me at first and it sat in my cupboard for quite a while until I started reading it out of simple boredom. I was pleasantly surprised by the plot and the fact that I actually enjoyed the book, despite the fact I had guessed the ending by the middle of it.
~~ 19 Minutes - The Plot ~~
Think of all of the things you can do within 19 minutes and then think of Peter Houghton, the boy who killed 10 and injured dozens more.
Your life can take a tragic twist within a few minutes and noone knows this better than Peter Houghton. He was bullied from his first day of kindergarten until that tragic day when he finally snapped and took four guns into school and set off a bomb in the parking lot. Callous enough to sit down in the cafeteria and eat cereal surrounded by dead and injured, everyone knows Peter will be spending the rest of his life behind bars - or will he?
Josie Cormier used to be Peters' best and only friend until one day she decided she didn't want to be a loser for the rest of her school days. Doing a U turn, she started dating on of the popular guys in school, instantly making her a hit. The problem with this? She couldn't be Peters' friend if she was to be the popular girl she wanted. This left Peter a total loner until his friend Derek came along. Into video games, could he have seen it coming?
Alex is Josies' mother and a prominent judge in the community. She has always put her reputation before her daughter and only now does she realise how close she came to losing the daughter she loves so much and how she feels more comfortable at work than she does with her own daughter.
Lacy is Peters' mother and has to come to terms with the fact she has now lost both of her sons along with the fact the entire community hates her and thinks she's a monster. She starts looking back at her life for clues of where she went wrong and soon discovers it could be her fault after all.
~~ My Opinion ~~
I've read a number of Jodi Picoults' books and haven't always fallen in love with them like some people have. However, this book was fantastic and really thought provoking despite some fairly weak storylines within.
Peter has been a victim of bullying for as long as her can remember and everyone knows it but is unwilling or unable to do anything about it. He has lost his best friend to the popular kids that are his worst nightmare, his brother Joey, the all round guy who never fails at anything has died and he can't live upto his reputation. He spends his life assuming that he is failing his parents by not getting top grades or making the soccer team like Joey did. Do they tell him otherwise? No.
It makes the reader sad to see someone being pulled to pieces day in and day out without anyone intervening. Has everyone been bullied at some point in their lives? Yes. Do people normally get help for it and find someone who is there for them no matter what? Yes. But in Peters' case this didn't happen and talking about the bullying only made it worse. What else could a 17 year old boy do to get these people out of his life?
Josie Cormier is introduced very early on and you can immediately tell she's a very troubled little girl. Well, I say little girl because despite being 17, she acts more like she's 12 on occasions. She has left her best friend Peter behind because she was scared of the bullying and torture that would undoubtedly happen to her if she stayed friends with him and walked straight to the other end of the scale. Moving from the losers friend to one of the most popular girls in school wasn't an easy move and Josie had no idea how to handle it. She had lost the one person she could actually confide in and noone found her relationship with Matt Roysten odd because they were so in love. He also treated her like a ragdoll and threatended suicide if she left him. What would you do? She stayed with him for fear of losing him and her status.
These are undoubtedly the main characters in the book and the ones who spend their lives exploring their feelings and looking for ways out. Both have the usual problems of growing up and working your way through school but have somehow managed to escalate it to such a level they can only see one escape.
Peter walked into that school with the intention of killing those who had hurt him and making sure they wouldn't be around to do this to anyone else. You can see why he snapped and Picoult goes out of her way to ensure the reader can hate someone and sympathise with them at the same time - not an easy thing to do.
You flick back from when Peter and Josie were children and you slowly understand how they got themselves into the position they did without seeing an alternative route to follow. The narrative is clever in that Picoult always seems to leave you hanging whilst she explores another part of the story before continuing where she left off.
The characters of Alex and Lacy were slightly disappointing to me and I don't think Peters' mum was brought into the storyline enough to see where she had gone wrong. The idea of it was good but you were left wondering what she was doing with her life whilst everyone around her was falling apart. I don't know if this was because Picoult wanted to keep the story focused on Peter and Josie or something else but it certainly didn't work for me.
Josie is hiding a secret throughout the book that I won't spoil for you but you will probably work out for yourself half way through. Maybe I read too much and books are all too predictable but I don't think so. I think it was just a few too many hints all in a row and the constant reminder that a bullet was never found. You see the background into her relationship with Matt and his reactions when she does or says something he doesn't like so it's really no surprise to see her becoming depressed and trying to keep him happy. Just how long can a girl go on like this?
Alex was given a strange romance and the ending of the book was just completely weird for me. It was as if Picoult realised she had babbled on for 579 pages and suddenly had to end the book there and then in the worst way possible.
There were a few other characters such as the policeman in charge Patrick and the defence attorney Jordan but both of these storylines seemed incomplete. Picoult starts showing parts of Jordan's life that's being affected by taking the case and then suddenly there is no further mention of it throughout the end of the book and everything goes back to being hunky dory. These are the weak links i referred to at the beginning of my review.
~~ My Verdict ~~
Despite the above criticisms I actually enjoyed this book and will continue to read books by Picoult. She has chosen yet another thought provoking storyline in which a lot of people can relate to. Whether they are victims of a silimar crime, a person who has bullying close to their hearts or someone with a child that one day will have to go through the horrors and challenges of school.
It makes you think of all the things you can do in 19 minutes and the horror of what can be taken from you in such a short space of time. Peter had planned this attack with great detail like so many other crimes, but this one is somewhere you think your children are safe.
The greatest tale this story tells? Treat people like dirt on your shoe and they will retaliate and from their point of view, they will win.
I am big fan of Jodi Picoult and have read many of her books and they always leave me wanting more and always make me think. She tackles issues that and quite controversial and she handles them in a very delicate way that really makes you think.
Nineteen Minutes is about a boy who is bullied at school and the bullying is so bad that he takes drastic action at school by going on a rampage with a handful of guns and nineteen minutes is all it takes for him to destroy his, his family and many other lives.
This is quite a sensitive subject area as this sort of thing does and has happened, but she gets you to really think about it.
What is good about this book is that the author helps you to understand why this boy did what he did and the impact it has on his family and also the impact it has on the whole community.
What is also interesting is that the book moves between the present day and the past, showing all the incidents that led up to him committing his crime. I like the way it shows both sides of the story and demonstrates how nineteen minutes can change a whole town for good.
This is definitely one of the best books i have read for a long time and i would reccommend it to anyone who loves a good read.
Sterling is a small, ordinary New Hampshire town where nothing ever happens - until a student enters the local high school with an arsenal of guns and starts shooting, changing the lives of everyone inside and out. The daughter of the judge sitting on the case is the state's best witness - but she can't remember what happened in front of her own eyes. Or can she?


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Welcome to our Pokemon Nidorina Pokémon gallery page. We love Pokemon just as much as you do. We hope you like the images that we have collected for you. Please respect the copyright of the image from where it is hosted. Please check out all of our Pokemon Characters section.
Hey check out this cool Lake District Pokemon guide it's very cool.


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The year is 1964. America and Russia are in the midst of a cold war and nuclear proliferation. The possibility of nuclear war is on almost everyone's mind. The questions are asked, "Could we start a war by accident?" and "Once in motion, could we stop such a war?" In 1964 two films were made that attempted to answer that question, in very different ways.
The more serious of the two, "Failsafe" stars Henry Fonda as the President of the United States when "the go code" is accidently sent to a bomber group whose mission is to bomb strategic locations in Russia with nuclear weapons. Once beyond the failsafe point the group cannot be called back. Can the President and the Soviet Chairman avoid war and destruction? "Failsafe" is not an easy movie to watch, even today, the drama is tense and the solution, while better than all out nuclear war is not really much of an improvement. You might also want to check out the live television production of "Failsafe" staring George Clooney.
The second film is "Dr. Strangelove; or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb." Starring Peter Sellers in three different roles, along with George C. Scott and Slim Pickens the film starts with a bomber group being sent the "go code" by a paranoid general who then cuts off his base and the bomber group from all outside communication. The plot is additionally complicated by the fact that the Russians have just activated a doomsday device. One nuclear bomb exploded in Russia would set up a chain reaction destroying all life on earth. The drama is just as tense as that in failsafe, but overlaid with enough humor to keep you from becoming depressed by the very real possibilities of what is happening. The characters are "over the top" funny, but not beyond believability. I will admit sadly, that I know people who are just as over the top in real life.
Both movies examine the paranoia and fear that was "The Cold War" and nuclear proliferation in the 1960's. The world has changed a great deal since these films were made, yet neither of these films have lost their impact. The players may have changed, but even today we find ourselves asking the question "What if...?" The answers given in these films will give you something to think about.


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'Pump and dump' fears over Google 'takeover'
A bogus news release has prompted several websites to run incorrect articles about Google making a $US400 million ($A384.26 million) acquisition of a wireless company, the target company says.
"This was a hoax. We are investigating the source," said an emailed statement from George Strouthopoulos, chairman and chief executive of ICOA, the wireless firm Google purportedly was acquiring.
The reports began after the fake release was posted on the PRWeb site which is owned by the cloud software firm Vocus.
"This is NOT TRUE!!" Mr Strouthopoulos said in an email on Monday.
"Never had any discussions with any potential acquirers!! This is absolutely false!" The executive added that "someone, I guess a stock promoter with a dubious interest, is disseminating wrong, false and misleading info in the PR circles".
He said the fake release appeared to come from the Caribbean island nation of Aruba, and added that ICOA "will report this to the proper authorities".
For several hours, reports were circulating that Google had made the purchase as part of an effort to move into wireless communications.
Google officials refused to confirm the news about an acquisition.
The Rhode Island-based ICOA saw a spike in price and volume in morning trade in over-the-counter "pink sheets" trades in stocks which are not listed on major exchanges.
The incident suggested a so-called "pump and dump" scheme in which false information is leaked, allowing a speculator to profit from rapid buying and selling. These schemes are illegal under US securities laws.
Because ICOA shares trade at just fractions of a cent, a small movement could allow a short-term trader to make, or lose millions, on these rumours.
The Securities and Exchange Commission declined to comment on the matter.
Google shares were little changed on the news, trading down 0.97 per cent at $US661.48 after moving as low as $US659.02.
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He was born on Aug. 30, 1927, in Prattsville. He was the son of Merle Cline and Berta Laster. George spent most of his working life as a salesman for Strauss Distributors. After retiring from Strauss, he was the owner of Palarm Creek Liquor near Maumelle. He was a member of St. Luke's Episcopal Church, and the Rogers-Rye VFW, and enjoyed reading, hunting and fishing. George was also a World War II veteran, having served overseas.
He was preceded in death by his wife, Peggy.
Survivors include his children, Sallie (Cliff) Langford of Fayetteville, Tracey (Mike) Pew of Dardanelle, and George L. "Chip" Cline of Ruston, La. He is also survived by his grandchildren, Cortney Manix, Ben Langford, Lee and Andy Cline; and one great-granddaughter, Emma Langford.
Funeral services will be conducted at St. Luke's Episcopal Church in North Little Rock at 3 p.m. Monday, Dec. 10, 2012, under the direction of Huson Funeral Home of Sherwood.
In Lieu of flowers memorials may be made to St. Jude's Children's Hospital or the Salvation Army.
Sign an online guest book at www.husonfuneralhome.com.


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Restaurant industry steps up franchising incentives for military veterans
In light of Veterans Day Nov. 11, the restaurant industry is promoting numerous opportunities specifically designed to reintegrate military veterans into the workforce.
In July, the National Restaurant Association announced the launch of its new Military Foundation, created to provide training and industry support to military hospitality programs, promoting foodservice and hospitality career opportunities for former servicemen and women and military spouses, and working to provide small business ownership opportunities for military veterans.
Plenty of restaurant chains are offering special ownership incentives for veterans as well. They include:
GFG, the parent company of Great American Cookies, Pretzelmaker and MaggieMoo's/Marble Slab, is hoping to recruit 150 veteran franchisees by 2014 through its Patriot program, which includes a 40-percent discount on franchise fees. The program initially featured a 15-percent discount.
Tim Hortons Cafe & Bake Shop recently announced its participation in the International Franchise Association's (IFA) Veterans Franchise Initiative (VetFran), which provides financial incentives to qualified veterans to help them acquire franchised businesses.
Michigan-based Hungry Howie's Pizza- which was named a 2012 "Military Friendly Franchise" by G.I. Jobs Magazine – is actively targeting veterans for franchising opportunities. The chain is offering a special $10,000 discount to veterans — 50 percent-off the initial franchise fee.
"We have a strong veteran presence at Hungry Howie's Pizza," said Brian Ognian, vice president of franchise development. "Veterans make excellent franchise owners and we are always looking to add them to our system. Offering these incentives is a great way to entice the entrepreneurial-minded veterans we are looking for."
CiCi's Pizzalaunched its Patriot Program earlier this year. As part of the program, the company waives its franchise fee for the first restaurant, as well as 50-percent royalty fee reduction for the first full year in operation for all qualified, honorably discharged U.S. veterans. This totals to an approximate savings of $58,000.
Additionally, veterans enrolled in CiCi's Patriot Program are required to hire a manager who is also an honorably discharged veteran. CiCi's Pizza will support the veteran franchisee to obtain his or her Certified Franchise Executive (CFE) designation through the International Franchise Association (IFA).
Earlier this month, Baskin-Robbins announced its new veteran incentive program. As part of the program, the chain will waive the initial franchise fee of $25,000 for developing a new Baskin-Robbins location in select markets for qualified, honorably discharged U.S. veterans. In addition, the company has created a financing program specifically designed to assist new and existing franchisees to develop new restaurants.
"Having served as an officer in the U.S. Army, I know first-hand the importance of supporting our troops as they transition back to civilian life," said Bill Mitchell, senior vice president and brand officer, Baskin-Robbins. "As part of our brand's commitment to veterans, we are very excited to launch a new veteran franchise incentive program and hope to make someone's dream of owning their own business a reality."
This Veterans Day marks the sixth anniversary of theLittle Caesars Veterans Program. Created in 2006, the program provides honorably discharged veterans with significant discounts and credits toward opening a franchise. Since the program launched, veterans have opened more than 200 Little Caesars stores.
Tasti D-Lite and Planet Smoothieare waiving 100 percent of their franchise fee for military veterans through the remainder of 2012. This incentive, which equates to about $30,000 in savings, kicked off in July.
Subway'sprogram for enterprising military veterans is designed to reduce the costs associated with the purchase of a franchise. The franchise fee of $15,000 is waived for any honorably discharged veteran who wishes to open a Subway restaurant on a government or military installation. If a veteran wishes to open a Subway at any non-military or non-government location, they can get the franchise fees reduced by 50 percent.
Bennigan's veteran's incentive program waives the franchisee fee for all qualified and honorably discharged U.S. military veterans seeking to own a franchise. The total savings is estimated at approximately $35,000 and the program will be offered through 2013. Bennigan's offering is a part of "Operation Enduring Opportunity," a program developed by the International Franchise Association (IFA) with a goal "to hire as team members and recruit as franchise business owners 75,000 veterans and military spouses and 5,000 wounded warriors by 2014."
Other promotions and giveaways for Veterans Day
In addition to franchising incentives, many chains are showing their appreciation by offering free food and hosting other promotions.
Subwayannounced a partnership with the Wounded Warrior Project (WWP), a nonprofit organization with a mission of honoring and empowering wounded service members. Jared Fogle will visit Naval Support Activity Bethesda (Md.), home of the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, on Nov. 10 as the chain launches a national program honoring veterans through a partnership with WWP. The program will also launch an online campaign to encourage Subway fans to recognize veterans. Video content featuring WWP Alumni and its mission will go live on Subway.com, and the brand will encourage its 800,000-plus Twitter followers to join in the conversation using #SUBWAYSalutes hashtag. Fans using the hashtag will be given the chance to win Subway gift cards throughout Veterans Day weekend.
Einstein Bros Bagelsand Noah's New York Bagels are offering a free Signature or Classic Bagel to all active, inactive and retired military personnel on Nov. 11 from 5:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Participating Bennigan's restaurants across the country will partner with local charities to host a donation drive for Veterans Day. Bennigan's is also offering food discounts for veterans and current service members with a military ID on Nov. 11 at participating locations.
Tim Hortons Café & Bake Shop is giving all active and inactive U.S. military veterans a free donut in an effort to thank them for their service and dedication to their country. No purchase is necessary. Veterans need to either be in uniform or show their military ID when they visit a Tim Hortons Cafe & Bake Shop.
Burger Kingcustomers are invited to donate $1 or more throughout November in honor of Military Families Month. Thousands of Burger King stores have partnered with Veterans of Foreign Wars to support its Unmet Needs program, which provides emergency assistance to military families while their family member is in active service. Cash donations made to the participating Burger King restaurants will help military families in need pay for essentials such as rent or mortgage, utilities, medical expenses, vehicle repairs and food.
McDonald's units in the Lima, Ohio, area are offering a buy-one-get-one-discounted promotion featuring a Big Mac or Quarter Pounder with Cheese. Veterans who purchase the first will get the second for 12 cents at any restaurant owned by franchisee Jerry Lewis. Lewis will also make a donation to a local veteran's organization for every Big Mac and Quarter Pounder with Cheese sold on Nov. 12.
Great American Cookieswill give away a free cookie on Nov. 11 to those either in uniform or carrying proof of service.
Finally, United States Beef Corporation, Arby's largest franchisee with 280 restaurants, will honor veterans on Nov. 12 with a free Roast Beef Classic Sandwich during regular business hours. All active duty and veterans in uniform or with proof of military service will receive the deal. This offer is valid only at participating Arby's locations in Oklahoma, Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Illinois and Colorado.
The NRA's analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data shows that nearly 10 percent of restaurants in the U.S. are at least 50-percent owned by military veterans. Veterans are majority owners of 33,864 restaurant businesses, and half-owners of 31,805 restaurant businesses, totaling nearly 65,700 restaurants total.
Photo provided by geograph.org.uk.
Read more about franchising or marketing and promotions.
Topics: Food & Beverage, Franchising & Growth, Marketing / Branding / Promotion, Operations Management, Social Responsibility
Alicia Kelso Alicia has been a professional journalist for 15 years. Her work with FastCasual.com, QSRweb.com and PizzaMarketplace.com has been featured in publications around the world, including NPR, Good Morning America, Voice of Russia radio, Consumerist.com and Franchise Asia magazine.
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I have numerous entries of InstallShield(R)set. Do I need them? thanks!
Operating System:Windows XP Home Edition
Software Version:8.0
Product Name:ZoneAlarm Internet Security Suite
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I have numerous entries of InstallShield(R)set. Do I need them? thanks!
Operating System:Windows XP Home Edition
Software Version:8.0
Product Name:ZoneAlarm Internet Security Suite
No. InstallShield are temporary installers when downloading/ installing new upgrades/ updates - new software - you can open ZA program control while installing new software and you will see them pop-up/ enter program control. After finally installing new software you may delete them from ZA program control - possible the next day - after your sure the installation is complete and the software is running fine ( if the software does not function/ problems > you may want to keep the temp installer exe. ? - may try to run again - optional - or run another download attempt).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InstallShield
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definit...212354,00.html
I have problems after each update from ZA or Windows. It maybe because I use "alternate user" rather than my Administrator log in . These problems usually go away in a few days. I think that the updates are the causes of the Hangs in FF that many ZA users are complaining about. Thank you for your help. I am going to look at the the link you provided , I had already Googled and knew what Install shield purpose , but I never had seen so many entries. I didn't even know I could erase some of the entries , I am always afraid that I'll do something wrong and make matters worse which couldn't be corrected. I know it must seem silly to you , I learn everyday...
In ZA program control, temp install files can be safely 'removed' from the list - this does not "actually delete or un-install" anything (it just removes the entry from the list); if there is an important/ essential file or program 'needed' for your pc - it will come back on the list in ZA program control. Right click entry and click "Remove."
Click here > http://forum.zonealarm.org/zonelabs/...d=48153#M10032
To actually 'delete or un-install' temp files from your pc- you will need to put them in recycle bin/ use cache cleaner/ use cleaning tools/ utilities
-like CCleaner, etc. or use windows cleaning 'temp files'
In your
computer itself
there are 'installshield applications' that should not be removed unless you are sure of what you are doing.
(this is not the same as the temp install files listed in ZA program control after you have recently download/ installed new software/ hardware)
Message Edited by NaiveMelody on 05-29-2009 11:38 PM
Thanks again. Grandmere


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feminist wire | daily newsbriefs
UC Students Demand Restoration of Affirmative Action
Students across the University of California school system protested yesterday their Regent's summer decision to repeal affirmative action. During the summer, when school was not in session, Regents voted to drop race and gender as factors in admissio ns, hiring and contracting against the advice of all nine chancellors. Thousands of students held class walkouts, teach-ins, rallies and marches on all nine UC campuses to protest the decision and demand that the Regents rescind it.
Media Resources: The Nando Times - October 13, 1995
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Date: 4/29/2014 - 4/30/2014
Type: Other
Location(s): Texas
GIS: Practical Applications for Cultural Resource ProjectsAustin, TX — April 29-30 or May 1-2, 2014
Review introductory geographic information system (GIS) concepts combining spatial technologies and database management systems in the area of historic preservation. Learn how to use GIS applications for identification, evaluation, protection and preservation of cultural resources. From assisting with inventories, to mapping historic districts and battlefields, to mitigating the impact of disasters on historic areas, GIS technology can be used to provide a better basis for planning and decision-making for the nation's heritage. An agenda is available online at www.npi.org.
Instructor: Deidre McCarthy, historian and technical services specialist, Cultural Resources Geographic Information Systems (CRGIS), National Park Service; facilitates the use of GIS to manage the location, status, and condition of cultural resources.
LA CES. These seminars meet the criteria for programs in the Landscape Architecture Continuing Education System and participants will receive 6 PDH HSW each day.
These seminars are being held in cooperation with the National Park Service, Cultural Resources Geographic Information Services, Preservation Texas, the Texas Historical Commission, and the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.
Questions? Please contact us.
Jere GibberExecutive DirectorNational Preservation Institute703/765-0100; 703/768-9350 email@example.com; www.npi.org