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The Autobiography of Solomon Katzen
The Early Years: 1902-1923
Solomon Katzen
Part 4
© 1995 Solomon Katzen. Used with permission.
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Just like the Jews of Riga, the Jewish Community of Kremenchug was organized to assist the flow of refugees. While the city of Riga was located outside the "Pale" (area where Jews were permitted to reside), Kremenchug was within the Pale of Settlement. The Jews of Riga constituted 10-15 percent of the population, but in Kremenchug they were at least 70 percent. In Kremenchug, there was in existence, a Society for the Assistance to Poor Jews. There were also branches of ORT and OZE. The latter was a society to promote health among Jews.
Going back to our arrival, we were unloaded from the freight train and taken to army barracks. These barracks were part of a large three story brick building next to the parade ground, where soldiers were trained. Apparently, half of the barracks were temporarily vacant and permission was given to place the refugees there. Where? On the floor, there being no bunks of any kind!
The Jewish committee provided assistance, like in Riga, they, too, had a free soup kitchen, but quite a distance away. While at the barracks we met Tode Muschat (mother's Uncle from Zagare) with his family: wife, Hanah, sons Chaim and Leo and daughter, Recha. They were on the same train with us from Riga, but of course we couldn't have possibly met until disembarkment. Hanah Muschat had well to do cousins (Mirelson) in Kremenchug, and they were instrumental in obtaining a basement flat for them and some second hand furniture.
After a few weeks the committee found small quarters for us, in the house of a Mr. Zhivov on Preobrazhenskaja St. As a sideline, Mr. Zhivov used to buy bulk washing soda in big burlap bags and package it in one pound boxes. I was enlisted to help him make the cardboard boxes, paste on the advertising labels and fill the boxes. I don't remember receiving any pay. Perhaps he gave the refugees a reduction in rent.
There must have been at least 20 synagogues in Kremenchug. Some extremely large and some very small. There were no openings for rabbinical posts. Pa performed some duties and adult teaching in the so-called Polish Synagogue. I'm sure that his income was inadequate and we must have been receiving some relief from the Society. Harry started working in Mirelson's lumberyard for little pay. He was 15 and I wasn't quite 13 yet. Throughout this period, ever since we left Sasmaken, it seems to me that mother suffered most, caring for so many infants, the deprivations of the family undermined her health.
Next to Zhivov's house, there lived an old gentleman with two maiden daughters. They heard about the Bezhentzes (refugees) in the next house. Quite frequently, they would call me in and give me a small pot of hot chicken bullion to deliver to my ailing mother. By the time my Bar Mitzvah approached, father was connected with an Ashkenazic Congregation Tehilim (Psalms). So my Bar Mitzvah was held there on Shabbas of Succoth. In addition, to the regular proceedings I read, i.e., chanted the entire scrolls of Ecclesiastes. When we returned home from the synagogue, there was hardly anything that could have been called refreshments.
Harry's job in the lumberyard was too difficult for him. Pa heard of a position open in Krivoi Rog for a Hebrew teacher. Krivoi Rog was a mining center about 150 miles to the south. Harry went there and got the job.
After my Bar Mitzvah, it was time to find a real job for me. I was apprenticed to a Chabad Chasid Borowitsky, who owned a wholesale yard goods store. My job was to sweep the floors, help arrange the bolts of cloth. Run errands and carry packages of goods brought by retail out-of-town merchants to the railroad station. I also ran errands for his wife and daughter. I slept on a straw mattress on his kitchen floor, ate at his table, had to accompany him on Saturdays to his Chabad Synagogue. From that time on, I disliked his antics, as well as the other chassidim at prayer. I doubt if Pa received any compensation for my services. Room and board presumably took care of everything.
The Borowitsky family lived in a large brick house which was well decorated inside, with parquet floors and a full-time maid. At the time, I joined their household, they were happy, just having received a letter from their older son, that he was wounded in battle, taken prisoner by the Germans. The letter came through the International Red Cross, which also had a message on it from the German family who were looking after him at their home. There was a young son in his early 20s at home at that time. He was a medical student. While home on vacation he practiced his violin.
My coming and going into that house was through the kitchen. Naturally, I had a chance to observe that the method of cooking in the Ukraine was different than at Sasmaken. A large brick oven was fired with wood, and when reduced to hot coal condition, the food in earthenware posts were put in the oven by means of special hooks with long handles. The hooks were made to fit various sizes of pots. I especially liked the spiced Gefilte fish and the various borshts. My job at Borowitsky lasted about six months.
For a period of about two weeks Father was hospitalized in a general sprawling hospital which was about 1 1/2 miles outside of the city. Although there were electric trolley cars in the city, none of the lines went to the hospital. It was called Bogu Ugodnoe Zavedenie, which stands for "God Pleasing Institution". There were separate buildings for infectious diseases, surgical pavilions, where some the rooms had over 40 beds. Father was in one of those. Other than bread, the food there was non-kosher. So, almost every day, I would carry food to him from home. Although this wasn't the only hospital in the city, I was impressed by numerous wounded soldiers, invalids on crutches who were all over the grounds at the hospital
In the winter of the same year, 1915-16, I was given another job, that of sales clerk, at an open stand in an open air market structure. Items carried there were prunes in barrels, herrings in barrels, large unwrapped cakes of soap, barley, rice and other grocery items. The memory of this job reminds me only of extreme cold, the wind howling through the structure, which had neither window nor doors. The only heating element was a foot high cast iron pot which contained burning charcoal. When the opportunity presented itself, you could hold your hands near the hot pot. This job lasted a few months. The pay that I received was turned over to the family.
We Are On the Move Again
Our living quarters were pitifully small, and the Refugee Committee were successful in finding larger quarters for us on Elenskaya St. where we moved to. We had no knowledge that an apartment in that house was least desirable. The owner of the house was the largest contractor for the cleaning of the outhouses. In the back of the yard of this house were kept the equipment consisting of large wooden tanks attached to the wagons and the long handed pail size buckets. The stench there was unbearable and the flies and other insects and vermin were plentiful. We had to suffer there several months and willingly accepted a dark dingy one-room flat in a basement, which had about 8-10 steps going down, with two small windows, which were level with the ground. It was in this dingy apartment where our youngest sister Bracha died. She was about 1 1/2 years old and couldnt take the deprivations which we were undergoing.
Shortly, thereafter, Mother was sick again and was hospitalized. Again I was carrying food to her. I do not remember the name of this hospital, but I think that this hospital was exclusively for women, and was used also as a training school for midwives and nurses. Before reaching Mothers room, I had to walk through a long hall, which had shelves, on which were standing large jars, each containing a fetus in various stages of their development. Although, I dont know for sure, but I think that Mother had a miscarriage or an operation.
Since our flat in the basement was not too far from the flat where Mothers Uncle Tode Muschat lived, we had his daughter Recha (Mothers cousin) come to our flat and help with the cooking. Another good thing about our new location was, that it was next to the office taking care of the refugees and the poor.
My Advance to Office Work
It was late in 1916, that father arranged for my new job as office boy in that organization. I did some sorting and filing, but principally, I was the messenger, who was delivering the monthly bills for pledges to the homes and offices of the well-to-do local Jews, who with their contributions were supporting this organization, which was caring for thousands of refugees.
This job brought me into contact with the homes and offices of some very rich people. The Jewish industry in the city were in the form of some large 6-7 stories, flour mills. By making use of the street car tracks, freight cars were brought to the mills, where grain was brought in and flour moved out.
There were several large tobacco and cigarette manufacturers. Since the bills I was delivering were personal, I had to be sure that the given individual received the bill. Once, I got to go find Mrs. Rabinovitch (he was out of town) in the warehouse where tons of cut tobacco was being cured. I could hardly breathe in the place, but Mrs. Rabinovitch was in her element.
There were many lumber yards all along the Dniepr River. Some of the owners of these enterprises had their own synagogues.
Revolution February 1917
The war was going badly for Russia. Poor leadership, lack of equipment, woeful transport, and lack of supplies. The capital city of St. Petersburg was renamed during the war to Petrograd. Because of these conditions, the workers and the garrison of Petrograd revolted. The Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate the throne. The Duma, a "parliament" with limited powers, took over the government.
News of the events in Petrograd, i.e., rumors, reached the provincial cities. It was Saturday when I was present at the service in the Great Choral Synagogue. There was a great quandary whether to read the prayer for the well-being of the Czar. If the rumors of his abdication proved to be wrong, the leaders of the congregation would be severely punished. In the commotion that ensued, I don't remember whether the prayer was read or not. Generally, there was jubilation among the people, that the hated police state was brought to its knees, and the enlightened, democratic principles with freedom for the people, especially Jews, who were so terribly deprived of rights will begin to function. I heard, an old man say to my father, that without the Czar and strong armed police, things will become much worse. It is not my purpose to write a history of the revolution, because it was an event of such magnitude, and lack of accurate data as to what was happening in the country. I will just mention that the police force disappeared fearing for their lives. Their place was taken over by quickly organized "Militia", the prison doors were opened, the intention being to release the political prisoners, however, all prisoners were released. Crime and anarchy immediately increased. Although the winter of 1916-17 was bitterly cold, with lots of snow, the revolution did lift the spirits of the people for better things to come. On the public plazas and in halls, meetings were held by different parties, social democrats, menshevicks, social revolutionaries, agricultural, etc. Trying to promote the election of their party members to the National Convention, which would establish a constitution and form a government. A temporary government was established in Petrograd, the leader of which was Kerensky, a former deputy of the Duma. The temporary government was for the continuation of the war against the Central Powers, especially at that time, when the U.S.A. entered the war on the side of the Allies. If interested, you can obtain books, and read about the revolution of 1917. I purposely said revolutions, plural, because there was another one in October 1917, when the Bolsheviks (Communists), disbanded and arrested the members of the Constitutional Convention and took over. That is a separate story.
A warm spring, a sudden thaw caused quick melting of the ice and the heavy accumulation of snow. Flood waters filled the streams and rivulets leading into the big river basins, which caused them to overflow. Although Kremenchug was built on the hilly bank of the Dniepr, there was fear that some parts of the city located near the left river bank would be flooded. The city administration pressed into service every able-bodied man and youth to fill sandbags and use them to build dikes.
I, too (I was then 14 1/2) was working on building the dike at a point where the river made a 45° angle and the dike was already 6 feet high. As the waves hit the dike, it shook. It was a most dangerous spot to have been working, but the dike held.
While normally the river is one half to three-quarters of a mile wide, one could see from high points, that further north, where the left bank wasn't high, the river became 3 to 5 miles wide. The far side of the city, away from the river, naturally didnt have dikes as none seemed to be required. Well, what was feared happened. The flood waters broke through farther north and started flooding the city from the back. The flood waters covered about one third of the city, and didnt recede for about two to three weeks.
Life in the city became paralyzed. Although our miserable basement quarters were not flooded, life became unbearable. Shortages of food and basic needs set in, and epidemic diseases started to spread. There was no hope that we would ever be able to get out of that cellar and find other quarters.
Father looked desperately for a new place. He learned that his services could be utilized in the town of Smiela about 75 miles to the northwest in the Kiev Gubernia. In view of Mother's and the children's poor health, some interested friends were helpful in finding an unoccupied dacha (country home) in the village of Krylov, about 15 miles down the river, on the left side, which was in Cherson Gubernia. Father left for Smiela, and the family moved to Krylov. Since Harry was still away at Krivoi Rog, I was the senior responsible male in the family.
A Lovely Summer in the Country
In the early summer of 1917, we packed our meager belongings. We tied them the best way we could, for we didn't own a single valise and were transported to the dock on the river. We boarded the river steamboat for the trip to Krylov. Our traveling group consisted of Mother, myself, and the three young brothers, and the youngest, being my sisters, Sonya and Sarah. The short trip, which took almost a half day, was a grand experience. Having left the dank, dingy cellar in Kremenchug, we were now in open fresh air, the steamer carrying us on the wide river. The first stop of the ship was at Krylov, where we disembarked. Our dacha was not far from the dock, and we eagerly settled there. Living in Kremenchug, our lives and experiences revolved with and around Jews. However, Krylov was a middle sized Ukrainian village, with only a few Jewish residents. None of the streets, roads, paths were paved. Sidewalks nonexistent. Near us, on the main village road, stood a large impressive looking white washed Russian Greek Orthodox Church. The passersby, whether riding or walking, would stop and cross themselves.
It didnt take me long to note that Krylov was being utilized by the army as a training post for the cavalry. Behind the village, the terrain was hilly. There the Ulans could be seen galloping their horses up and down the hills, with bared sabers or staves in their hands. I enjoyed watching this spectacle. I mentioned Ulans instead of plain cavaliers is that the cavalry consisted of various rankings. In order of rankings, there were: 1) The Leib Guardians (guarding the Czars family and for parade purposes); 2) the Hussars; 3) the Ulans; 4) Plain Cavalry; and 5) the Cossacks. Each grouping had its distinct colorful uniforms.
In Krylov, there was a large shop where the uniforms for the Ulans were manufactured. Their color was blue with yellow trimming. By the year 1917, it was obvious that the Russian Armys reliance on cavalry in battle against the German machine guns was badly misplaced. The losses suffered by the Cossack regiments and cavalry, in general, were horrendous. Still, here they were, the men, carefully dressing their horses, undergoing training exercises and preparing themselves to sustain certain losses in men and animals.
As for the conditions in our dacha-home, Mother was still ailing. It was my duty to do the marketing, even do the cooking, and other chores. There were no stores where one could walk in and purchase the vitals needed for the family. You bought these, that is, whatever was available at the open air stands in the market place.
Apparently, the assistance that I could provide was inadequate. As mentioned earlier, as a refugee in Kremenchug, there lived Mothers Uncle Tode Muschat. He had a 16 year old daughter Rochke. She was summoned to come to help Mother and, by the way, she, too, would enjoy a week or two in the country. She came, and I was relieved somewhat.
Now, I had the opportunity to go swimming in the Dniepr with my brothers Baruch-Mayer and David in my care. The river was too dangerous a place for the youngest in the family. While at the river, we met other boys, mostly Russian. None of us had any bathing suits and we were in the men's area of the beach. On one of those very nice, warm, sunny days, we stayed at the river too long. Not realizing what was happening to me, I became badly sunburned. This had never happened to me before in the northern climate, at the lake in Sasmaken. It was a painful experience which lasted several days. Because, it is so vividly etched in my memory, I wish to tell about an excursion to the countryside.
Two of the Russian boys, with whom I became acquainted at the beach, asked me to join them for a days excursion in the countryside. We must have walked a distance of several miles. Men in rows walking step-by-step, welding their scythes in unison. Their scythes had a special attachment for gathering the stems, which I had not seen in Sasmaken. Groups of women were following the men and were gathering and tying up in bundles the cut wheat.
When we, the boys, started out on our excursion, we gave no thought about food. After a while we became hungry. One of the lads suggested that, since he had matches, we could dig up some partly ripe potatoes and bake them. Of course, this entailed a certain risk, were we to be caught.
At any rate, with our hands we dug some potatoes. Collected straw, sticks, and other dry flammables. The fire was lit, and after an hour or so, we had freshly baked potatoes, all the while looking out in all directions, to be sure that no one was coming to get us.
The idyllic short summer came to an end. We had word from father that he procured quarters for us in Smiela, and we were to proceed there. Again, we collected and packed our meager belongings. This time, the steamship took us up the river Dniepr to Cherkassy. From there by wagon, on a unpaved road, 20 miles to Smiela, where a totally new life was awaiting us.
Smiela was a town of perhaps two to three thousand Jews, out of a total population of about seven thousand. Most of the homes were one story affairs, built in the Ukrainian style where the outer walls were made of clay-like black mud mixed with dung. However, they were all whitewashed. Most of the roofs were of tin, painted green or red. Some of the poorer houses had thatched roofs. Some of the rich inhabitants had brick houses, also the gymnasiums (schools) were built of brick.
Two or three main thoroughfares were paved with cobblestones. Parallel to pavement on both sides of the road were deep ditches for the rain water to run off. The sidewalks were not paved and following any rain or thaw the muddy sidewalks presented a problem.
In the older section of the city, there was the center of the Jewish Community. There was a large wooden synagogue and a besmedrash, the Rabbi's official residence, Hebrew Schools, kosher butcher shop, all located on narrow streets. As the town grew, Jews settled in the newer areas. The quarters where we moved into was in the backyard of a house owned by Motye Maly. This was a large house located on the corner of the Main Rd. and a plaza, on which stood a large Russian church. In the rear of Malys house, lived a railroad official with his wife. Both of Polish extraction. The house in which we moved into, was built to accommodate two families. In the front part lived a family the name of Tzukrov, consisting of a father, mother and two daughters ages 12 and 8.
We occupied the second half of the house, which consisted of a kitchen, one bedroom and a living room. The services were all outside, such as a well for drawing water, privies, barns for storing cut logs for cooking or baking.
An unusual feature of our living room floor was that it was tilted at about an 8-10° angle. Where and how the furniture was acquired I have no knowledge. There were two single beds, a rough table with about 6 chairs, and a buffet for storing some of the dishes and food. All the children slept on the living room floor in one row. Blankets and featherbeds were spread out.
As was customary, fruits, vegetables, milk, eggs, chickens, etc. were brought to market by peasants from the region. For instance, since pasteurization was unknown, the milk would be brought in clay jars, that had been preboiled, with milk skim browned on top of the jars. Almost all the householders baked their own bread.
The position that Father landed, was in a synagogue about 1/5 of a mile from our home. It was called the Gele Shul Yellow Synagogue because its walls were painted yellow. There was only one town rabbi, so he couldn't assume that title there, but fulfilled all the function plus being reader of the Torah, giving sermons, adult education and an occasional mohel and kosher poultry slaughterer. During the late summer of 1917, the war was continuing with the Russians suffering great losses in men and territory. Armed deserters from the front and from the barracks were making their appearance in ever larger numbers. The temporary government was issuing new paper currency in ever larger amounts. Inflation became rampant as goods disappeared from the stores.
The populace was grumbling about the "Jewish"-made revolution, which was causing the loss of the war, and the loss of law and order. Political parties now operating in the open were trying by their propaganda to gain more candidates for the Constitutional Assembly. Ukrainians were advocating independence for their country. Later on, in the fall, word reached the Jewish community about the Balfour Declaration promising the establishment in Palestine of a homeland for the Jewish people. The time was pregnant with various possibilities of good and evil. In the meanwhile, one had to be careful not to be robbed, beaten or killed by the roaming marauders.
New Work Experiences
Our landlord Motje Maly was also the owner of a leather goods store. He agreed or offered to have me, a 15 year old lad employed in his store. Whatever I earned went to father towards the payment of rent.
The stock in the store consisted of whole skins for uppers, such as from the finest kidskins, calfskins, cowhides, as well as precut units ready for the shoemakers. There were also various grades of leather for inner and outer soles, full skins or precut pieces. Particularly smelly were the precut uppers used for boots. These came from tanneries in central Russia, from the city of Yeletzk.
My job was to keep the stock orderly, after the salesmen finished showing the merchandise to prospective customers. It goes without saying that I was running errands and sweeping the floor.
By local standards the Maly family were well off. Besides his wife, there were five daughters in the family, aged 17 to 25. The youngest was attending the women's gymnasium, the others were still attending the University of Kiev or had graduated. In their household, they had a cook and a maid. Our neighbor, Tzukrov, was a bookkeeper. This was considered a somewhat learned profession. He and I became well acquainted. I asked him where he learned his profession, as I knew that he wasn't a graduate of a School of Commerce. Since I evinced such interest he told me that he had taken a correspondence course and if I was interested, he would lend me the material.
The bookkeeping lessons were printed in handwritten script, and consisted of about 50-60 pages. I read and reread the material evenings and on Saturdays, and I was satisfied that I understood the system of double entry bookkeeping.
This period, the latter few months of 1917 and beginning of 1918, was turbulent. We, in the provinces really didnt know what was going on in the capital cities of Petrograd and Moscow. The Russian front against the Germans was crumbling. Shortages of basic goods and rising prices were prevalent.
At that time, Motje Maly, a Mr. Brodsky and three other individuals formed a partnership for the wholesale purchasing and selling of leather goods. At the recommendation of Mr. Maly, I was hired as the bookkeeper for the partnership. Maly and Brodsky supplied most of the capital, and the other three did most of the traveling and purchasing of goods. Selling any goods was no problem at all.
The office of the partnership was set up at Brodsky's home where he lived with his wife and young daughter. The traveling partners traveled as far as Harbin, which is in Manchuria. The Russians owned and controlled the railroad which ran as a shortcut from the TransSiberian railroad to Vladivostock.
At that time, the USA had already entered the war against the Germans and the American government was sending weapons, locomotives, all kinds of merchandise to help the Russian war effort. In addition, there was regular trade between USA and China. Thus, Harbin was the place where one could buy calfskin leather from American manufactures. The Russian transport system, not the best to begin with, was beginning to break down. Traveling, in general, became dangerous, because of the banditry and lawlessness.
The partnership lasted four or five months. All the partners had confidence that I was keeping accurate records of purchases, sales, transportation costs, etc. and that I was correctly allocating to each partner his share.
By early 1918, the machinery of the government had broken down completely. The stores were emptied out of goods. Some clever speculators managed to hide needed goods. Prices started to rise at a faster tempo. The peasantry especially, who were bringing foodstuff to market refused to accept the new paper currency, or even the old Czarist bills. The only things they would accept were goods. In other words, the barter system was established.
New economic socialist ideas were being tried and I do not know who started the idea of organizing a cooperative store for the populace. At the latter phase of the organization, I was hired as the bookkeeper for the Cooperative Store named Zhizn, the Russian word for life. A Mr. Mazur, who was a bookbinder by trade was the head of the store. At first, the store was partially successful in obtaining some merchandise, whatever was available. Prepackaged and canned goods were not then in existence in Russia. Mostly, everything was served from bulk containers and weighed. As an oddity, we got a small shipment of German made safety razors, which I had seen for the first time. I bought one for my personal use. It was no good.
By this time my older brother Harry had returned from Krivoi Rog. I believe that he was giving some private Hebrew lessons and carrying on his studies privately. The younger children were receiving their education in a Hebrew School. No public schools were available to them.
Ukraine Under German Occuption
Liberal ideas declared by President Wilson for ending the war, without winners and vanquished, without payment of war reparations, and establishing independence and self-rule for all nationalities reached the peoples of Russia too. However, in October of 1917, when the delegates of the Constitutional Assembly were ready to begin their deliberations, armed Bolsheviks surrounded the hall. They arrested and dispersed the delegates, all political parties were prosecuted except the ruling Bolsheviks - Communist Party.
The Bolsheviks won the allegiance of most of the armed forces. Their slogans for the immediate ending of the war with Germany, the disbanding of the armed forces, and especially that all the land belongs to the people, won the hearts of the peasant soldiers. Officers were killed, or went into hiding, changing into peasant clothing. On their way home, the armed soldiers robbed, raped and rushed to claim the properties of the rich landowners. The Ukraine, which had been under Russian control for 150-200 years was now eager for independence. Perhaps, the idea was germinated by the German General Staff.
At any rate, some self-appointed leaders of the Ukraine got together with the Germans, and proclaimed Kiev as the capital. The German army met with hardly any resistance, and within a few months occupied all of the Ukraine.
Word spread that a detachment of Germans were nearing Smiela. With a group of other boys, we went outside the town on the road leading from Chigirin. We didn't have to wait long, as a company of German infantry came marching along. At a crossroad, the detachment split in half, the first going toward the railroad station Bobrynskaja, and the other half toward the railroad station in Smiela and then to town. The local bystanders were amazed that they didn't have to ask anybody for directions. The Germans had detailed maps of the area.
Commandatur, i.e., the command post of the local German garrison was established in the house of Motje Maly, our landlord's home, half of which was requisitioned by the Germans. The region was more or less pacified. Soldiers of Ukrainian origin who had returned from the front ahead of the Germans kept their arms and hid them, as well as the arms they had obtained from the looted arsenals.
The occupation of the Ukraine was of enormous strategic value to Germany. Immediately, endless trainloads of food stuffs were exported to Germany to relieve the starving populations. Although the Germans paid in paper marks, that currency subsequently became worthless. Soldiers were buying the market food for parcel shipment to their families. A small part of the German military transport was parked in the barn in the back of our house. The soldier in charge of the wagon and the two horses of Polish origin were from the province of Silesia. His horses he named Peter and Paul. Perhaps the horses and the wagon may have been part of war booty, that is, requisitioned from some large farm. The soldier took good care of his horses. This same soldier was anxious to engage me in a trade. He had in his wagon an automobile tire, which must have been a spare in a Russian command car. The tire bore the stamp "Provodnik"; I knew, that it had been manufactured in the factory by that name in Riga. At any rate, this was no item for me to deal in or trying to find someone who would cut it up for soles. I was still holding the job of bookkeeper at the Cooperative. Life was relatively tranquil. During the period, I felt safe enough to go swimming in a floating bath/house on the river on the outskirts of town.
The tranquility didn't last long. The central Bolshevik government wanted an end to the war, so that they could concentrate on establishing their social order. A delegation to discuss terms was headed by Trotsky, who negotiated peace terms with the German generals. Russia ceded all the territory then occupied by the Germans plus a substantial payment in gold.
Throughout the breadth and length of Russia armed detachments led by former Czarist officers were fighting against the establishment of the Soviet or Communist regime. Although the Russian armed forces had completely disintegrated by desertion and self-demobilization, the communist leaders, felt the need to establish a new army called the Red Army and instead of the Czarist rankings, they introduced the term "Comrade" and the new uniforms were in the form of helmets with a red star.
The allies disapproved of Russia taking itself out of the war, thus, freeing the German army to concentrate on the Western Front. Despite this advantage it was outweighed by the American contribution to the Allied cause in men and especially in material and food.
German offensives were beaten back and finally they began to lose ground in France. At that point, the morale at home began to weaken, seeing how the Russians quit and furthermore, the generous terms offered by President Wilson sank in. The German General staff realized the unlikelihood of their winning, now that the American contribution kept growing.
Sensing what was going on at the Western Front and at home, the German army of occupation started to withdraw from the Ukraine. Former soldiers of the Russian army picked up their guns from hiding and were harassing the retreating Germans. I was a witness, when two armed Ukrainian militiamen took into custody a drunken German soldier and were leading him into a side street. I quickly went to the commandatur, told about this incident to the Lieutenant in charge, and he immediately sent two armed soldiers and they did rescue the German drunkard. The lieutenant was very appreciative and he gave me his name and address and promised to show me a good time when I get to Berlin. His name was Schmidt. As the German army withdrew, that marked the end of a short idyllic period. The terrible, bloody years began in the fall of 1918.
Anarchy Reigns
The absence of governmental authority brought about the worst possible conditions, armed bands were ruling and roaming in the countryside and the townships. Robbery, rape and senseless murder followed in their wake. On the other borders of the Ukraine, the newly constituted Red Army were fighting whatever forces were opposing them. The Red Army was no better than the bandits. In the northern Caucasus, as well as in the southern perimeter of Russia, a certain Czarist General Denikin, had organized the Cossacks and other proczarist elements into an army whose aim was the restoration of the Czar. In the wake of the march of this army, the victims were mostly Jews. Life in the very small hamlets and shtetels became unbearable, and whoever could, ran to the larger cities.
While on the job at the Co-op one day, I heard a rumor that a band under the leadership of Machno were about to enter Smiela. We closed the store and the employees rushed to their respective homes. Mother was beside herself with worry, and was relieved when she saw me.
Many homes were plundered, Jews were killed, women raped. The bandits had taken four Jewish young men and placed them on the train which was under their control. Thus, they traveled from city to city. They also traveled on horseback.
About five days later, word reached the town that the bodies of the four missing Jews were found beside the railroad tracks near the Station Znamenka. The Jewish community of Smiela paid a peasant to have the bodies returned for Jewish burial. Among the four, was a younger brother of Mazur, previously mentioned. This younger brother, who lived in America, returned to Russia in 1917 to help build the new free Socialist Russia. There were quite a few such socialists who returned to Russia.
Although gruesome, for the sake of the truth, I will mention that the four bodies showed signs of having undergone long days of bestial torture, with particular gruesomeness on their sexual organs. Like a crossfire, these maraudering bands would come and go. It was life-threatening for a Jew to be outside the city limits. Because the next incident is vividly impressed on my consciousness, I will recite it in detail.
On a Saturday morning in the Yellow Synagogue, I found a Declaration pasted on the wall. In the most beautiful handwriting in Hebrew, it stated in the heading that "Our hands have not shed this innocent blood." And it proceeded to tell about three Jews, who were from out of town, and who had been advised not to take the risk of traveling to their home town about 10 miles away. Their bodies were returned to Smiela on the eve of Shabbas, and the funeral will take place on Sunday. Out of curiosity, I went to see these bloodied bodies, which were in a communal building.
Home Life
During this most difficult period, starting with the end of 1918 and through 1921, the aim in life was a mere fight for a day-to-day survival. Sanitary conditions were non-existent. Lice were feeding on human bodies. Plagues and diseases were rampant. In 1918-19, there was a worldwide epidemic of the Spanish flu, which reached the city of Smiela, too. Mortality rates were high.
To stop the epidemic, the Jewish community resorted to a medieval remedy. In order to confuse the Angel of Death, the prescription called for the celebration of a wedding on the cemetery grounds. Given an appropriate dowry, one of the town's beggars was married to a poor old maid on the cemetery. Few people actually believed, that such a ceremony would stop the epidemic.
Our family was also directly affected. Sonya, the older of the sisters took sick, with the principal complaint of difficulty in breathing. With superhuman efforts father got a doctor to come to the house. He examined Sonya and left a prescription. Risking his life, father went to the apothecary and had the prescription filled. The medicine provided no relief and Sonys condition grew worse. Father was able to have another doctor come to the house. His diagnosis was diphtheria in the later stages when antidiphtheria serum wouldn't be of help. When father noticed Sonya was in her final stages, he called the older children to come to say "good-bye" to our sister. Several men from the Burial Society came and took her body away. Our house was placed under quarantine and I don't remember being present at her funeral.
More Pogroms
Like a whirlwind out of the south came several Denikin's hordes of Cossacks. I watched through the garden fence, how they were assembling on the plaza in front of the church. Their fame for murder and plunder preceded them. Without losing any time, our family and the family of Tzukrov, who lived in the same house, quickly put a ladder against the attic entrance, and we all scrambled up. Our Polish neighbor removed the ladder and put it in the barn. We all remained in the positions, we were and held our breath. The Cossacks soon took off on their horses and spread havoc all over town.
Before long we began hearing shots, shrieks, cries of wailing and despair. Our younger sister Sarah (now Shirley) started to cry. My older brother Harry who was close to her put his hand over her mouth to stifle the sound. He almost choked our poor little sister, then aged 7, who didn't know any better. In their eagerness to get to the strictly Jewish sector the Cossacks didn't enter our courtyard, one side of which faced the church plaza.
Our agonies in the hot dusty attic were real, as we felt and knew what was happening to our fellow Jews. The carnage lasted all afternoon and when the Cossacks felt that they had enough of it, or whether their leaders ordered them to stop at a given time, I'll never know. When things quieted down, our neighbor brought the ladder and brokenhearted we clambered down to our respective quarters. On the morning following, we heard of a woman raped by a dozen Cossacks, and physically terribly hurt. Mass funerals were held which I didn't attend. Personally, I grieved over a young man, about my age, who with his family came to Smiela for safety, having left their home in a small nearby hamlet. He held the position of salesman in the Co-op where I was a bookkeeper. He was running for safety to his home, but was overtaken by the Cossacks on a narrow street in the Jewish quarter. His scalp, face and shoulders were hacked by the sabers of the Cossacks. Against unarmed, helpless Jews, their sabers were very effective.
It is conservatively estimated that over 100,000 Jews were murdered by the Ukrainian bands and by the Cossacks during that period of 1919-1921.
Contra Revolutions
To gain a better understanding of this turbulent period, it is important to give a condensed summary of the happenings in 1919-20. You will excuse the writer, who is writing about these events from memory. Which at this point maybe somewhat faulty as to exact dates.
The Communist government, which had moved from Petrograd, now renamed Leningrad, to Moscow, was having its hands full with enemies of the regime. To combat the contra-revolutionaries internally, there was set up the "Cheka," a forerunner of the present "KGB". The chekists were all armed, as well as most members of the party. There were few idealogies, among the chekists, who were mostly, former prisoners, or, of the lowest criminal classes. They were arresting people whom they thought to be against the Communist Revolution. There were indiscriminate searches of persons and homes. Whatever they liked they "requisitioned," and the owners brought to the cheka cellars or yards and shot. It was a period of reign of terror. The party later on, labeled this period as "Military Communism."
Lenin was busy with the development and setting up of the regime with its new administrative organizations, along uncharted lines, for Karl Marx didn't provide a blueprint for the organization of society under the "Dictatorship of the Proletariat." Trotsky was the genius in bringing into being the Red Armed forces.
Soviet Russia was under attack by in the north by English and American forces, from the east by Admiral Kolchak, and from the south by Denikin's Army, as well as by Ukrainian Nationalist bands. It took several years for the army to push back its enemies, and to consolidate and extend the rule of the Soviets over the entire area of the former Czarist Empire. The buffer countries in the west were cut away from Russia by the Treaty of Versailles. In that sector, the newly independent countries were: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland.
The Cossacks in Denikin's Army lost their incentive to continue fighting because of their accumulated booty and returned to their villages on the Don and northern Caucasus. The Red Army reached Smiela and points further south, except for Crimea, which was controlled by a White Army General Wrangel.
The local communists now came to power. Jews were prominent in the party and formed its own grouping known as the Jewish Section. These people attacked the Jewish community institutions, particularly the religious establishment. For instance, the community maintained a public bath house, which then was open only on Thursdays. By order of the Jewish section of the party, these baths were ordered closed. I remember my father saying that he couldn't see where the closing of the public baths would further the cause of the revolution.
Forward to Part 5
© 1995 Solomon Katzen. Used with permission.


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Been taking lots of visits. You think he's taking paid vacations or he is seriously considering other schools?
That one bothers me.
Been taking lots of visits. You think he's taking paid vacations or he is seriously considering other schools?
That one bothers me.
Umm....no. read the thread on Both. He is a homebody and won't leave Tuscaloosa. Its why he came back from IMG, which would've been easier academically
Bo has been one of our top recruiters for a while. I knew he took visits but has consistently been Bama for a long, long time.
We're worried about his grades
"I didn't come to Alabama to win 10 games a year and be a contender. I came here to win championships. Conference championships and national championships. I love it here because that's just not what I want, but what this fanbase expects."
--Alabama Head Football Coach, Nick Saban
Everyone is a genius. But if you judge a fish on its ability to climb a tree, it will spend its whole life believing it is stupid. Albert Einstein
Apparently only you. Don't let your jimmies get too rustled though.
Ask me about my vow of silence.
I confidently think that he will sign with us but I also think there's a good chance he never sees the field in Tuscaloosa due to grades.
"Football is a hard game. These spread coaches forget that. Until good defenses remind them." Gene Stallings
There's already a lengthy thread on Bo was what rto meant. Some recruiting sites tried to stir up talk of him to other schools all year. However word from recruits is that he's a very vocal bama commit often spending times on all those visits recruiting for bama.
Only concern here is grades, I'm pulling for him to make it. Regardless, he signs tomorrow.
Serve no master but your own ambition.
I certainly hope he signs on the line but I'm not going to be surprised if he signs with Ole Miss.
I know for a fact that they've been, let's just say, "recruiting him more diligently than they're supposed to be able to do".
anyone seen where his LOI came through? i haven't seen it come through yet on any other site

subset: commoncrawl


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Discussion in 'Odds & Ends' started by Say Chi Sin Lo, Oct 30, 2012.
Weak era...LOL!:twisted:
As a heat fan have to love this season Lebron is just a stud he has put 2 fingers up to anyone who says he can't play clutch
Pity the Nuggets cannot break the Heat's streak till the finals, eh?
Flip the coin...it may be the Heat encharged with streak-busting in the Finals!:twisted:
If both streaks last till then.......................epic!!!!!!!!!!
Somebody needs to get John Wall out of Washington. That's a lot of talent and mileage wasted on a team that's going nowhere.
We jinxed the Nuggets...Hornets crushed them without some of their own starters. They must hold on until Lawson returns.
They actually have a solid base with Wall & Beal, despite their draft busts (Vesely, McGee, Blatche, Young). If they can get a good young big in this years draft they can contend for the playoffs next year.
Had an idea Vesely was gonna be a bust when he was suckin face with his GF at the draft.
But he still young maybe he can develop into a decent role player.
And frankly that would be alot more fun to watch than to see Wall bail out for an immediate contender like LeBron did.
In the good old days, serious competitors like that fellow in your avatar built great teams from scratch. Sure they need some help from ownership and management, but the biggest stars have more than talent - they have star power.
I hope Wall is that kind of guy because he sure is fun to watch.
Wall needs to put his nose to the grindstone and play decent, not great, EVERY single game. He just scored 46 or so, but look at his last 10 games. Goes 30, then 14, then 21, then 13, just like MonteEllis or JR from Knicks.
Such inconsistent play cannot help his team mates. They don't know what to expect from their PG.
Need someone like Parker, just 22 most games, not 40, then 12.
May be the New Breed of PG, like RW of OKC.
He's a point guard, he's not supposed to be scoring every single game. He's supposed to be setting guys up and racking up assists.
Believe it or not, PG means Point Guard.
Parker is the state of the art Point Guard. Not Westbrook, not Ellis, not Curry. Not James or Kobe.
Rubio could be if he could average 16. Paul also. Lin could be, if he could just score 15 every game, and get his 10 assists.
There's too many different styles of PGs to label one "state of the art"; the good ones adapt to the players around them and the flow of each game. It's not a crime to take the offense in his own hands when the PG is "feeling it" and the defense he's facing is lacking...i.e. Deron Williams going for 42 a couple weeks ago on 9 treys in a half; he's an 18/8/3 guy and that's as as good a balance as you can ask for.
Stockton averaged 13 PPG for his career. By your definition he wasn't a good 'point' guard, no?
What is a good point guard?
1. He has to be able to dribble upcourt without losing it...the ball.
2. Since he passes more than anyone, he needs to pass without turning over the ball.
3. He needs vision both near the rim and at the 3pt line.
4. He needs to defend against fast breaks.
5. Knock down a few shots, so he draws a double team when he penetrates.
6. Get at least 6 assists a game, regularly. More can be a mute point, since an assist depends on the guy you passed to, to MAKE his shot.
7. He needs to know who's hot and who's just throwing up bricks.
^^^Too little mention of defense (steals, clogging passing lanes, pick&roll) & rebounding???
Whatcha think of the Big O?
GPGOAT...no one else will ever average a triple-double for a season, let alone a career!
That's what I'm saying. Take Chauncey Billups for example, never lights up the stats sheet, he just gets a Finals MVP.
Wow, Clippers got robbed tonight.
Speaking of PG, I am really starting to dig this Trey Burke dude from Michigan.
I think the Lakers and the Knicks are becoming the NBA's poster for "Don't build your team with old players."
Do they get older than Parker, Duncan, and Ginobli?
Coaching is a big deal, to mesh the parts. On paper, a front line of Gasol, Howard, and RonArtist should be good enough.
The Artist Formerly known as Ron is out for 6 weeks.
Well, they'll miss 9 points, 4 rebs, and 4 fouls waiting for an ejection style of play.
And bone-head shots.
He's supposed to be the "tough guy".
Dont know why Howard and Bryant can't fill that bill.
And they got a great SF sitting on the bench when Artest plays. One who's athletic, can run, jump, and do all the dirty work needed.
While Nash is a liability on D, as is most smalls, the tree combo in the front court should be able to alter some shots.
Griffin grabbed Dirk by the jersey. It's pretty clear in the 'behind the Clips backboard' angle. He grabbed him by the jersey and then let go. Don't think Dirk flopped too much.
From that angle, it was a clear foul, and the right call.
The streak isn't looking so good against Chicago's no nonsense, persistent defense.
No ones ever averaged a triple double for their career
Well it's about time LeBron James takes his frustration out. Dude gets hacked hard all the time.
Although I don't agree it being a flagrant, but definitely a technical.
Blake Griffin, take notes. You can't just let dudes maul you down mid-flight night and night out.
I've always wondered what it must be like to be the biggest, strongest, fastest, and high jumpingest play on a court.
At 6'9" and 265lbs., can jump so his head hits the rim, who intimidates him?
Plenty of taller slower guys. A few heavier guys. Kinda like a determined RudyGay type.
I started all 3 years for our varsity high school b ball team. Got to 5'7" when I graduated, maybe 118 lbs.
Happy to see my Bulls end the streak, even w/ no Noah (& no Rose of course). This team probably won't go far this year, but def has showed its fair share of heart lately. And Jimmy Butler is showing signs of being the wing player we need to complement a healthy D Rose.
that was fun while it lasted. miami starting off slow in games cost them tonight. luol deng looked completely exhausted in the 4th quarter. is there any coach who kills his players as much as thibs?
Look at the roster and tell me who should get those minutes. Vladimir Radmanovic? Hamilton, Bellinelli, Noah were all hurt tonight. Thibs does play his starters too much, but tonight for good reason thanks to all of the injuries and lack of depth.
I was so tied up in the Denver - Spurs game (pretty tight and dramatic throughout) that I didn't catch a second of the Heat - Bulls. Congrats to the Bulls. Must be flying high right now.
Lets cancel the rest of the season and go to the playoffs after April 8th, eh? My bad, after Tiger wins the Masters.
Too bad the heat lost the streak. Bad for everyone really. The nba, casual fans, media etc. bummer.
Especially the Spurs, hey, hey, hey.............
Would be amusing if miami sent wade, bosh and lbj home for the spurs game due to fatigue or whatever the Pop said was the reason for sending home Duncan, Parker and ginobli earlier this season when they went to miami.
Send them all home yet they showed to watch the game, eh?
Ahh, shame it's over. I wanted the Spurs to put an end to it
Couldn't agree more. I love it when teams find, develop, and showcase their in-house talent (like the Spurs).
Ditto the Nuggets!
I almost did, but didn't. Only because the Nuggets either traded or signed established players. Yes, they're not "superstars", but they'd have consistent minutes on virtually every other team in the league. Do I see George Karl finding players out of nowhere? Absolutely! Just not with this team. That's why in the beginning of the season, when a lot of people were not paying attention to the Denver Nuggets, I was like... Seriously? No one is giving the Denver Nuggets any thoughts? They're going to be the team that no one wants to in the Playoffs!
I'm referring to the likes of Jimmy Butler, Taj Gibson, Danny Green, Kawhli Leonard, Gary Neal, and DeJuan Blair (come on man, dude ain't got no ACLs and he's killing people in the paint!).
Finally, thanks to the San Antonio Spurs, George Hill is making bank in Indiana.
Minnesota got screwed, that was a clear example of being afraid to make the call against the star player
Which star player? I think Kobe fouled Rubio on the left forearm, but Dwight Howard smacked the back of his head. I'm not sure how the refs missed Dwight's smack.
I'm not sure how the ref missed the call on Kobe, he was right in front of him.
Separate names with a comma.


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Can Penguins Cope with Climate Change?
Human-caused climate change is altering the habitat of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae). In an article recently published in PLOS ONE, a team of researchers led by Amélie Lescroël from the Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS) in France, found that changes in sea-ice content and newly formed icebergs significantly impacted Adélie penguin communities in the Ross Sea.
Climate change is leading to major shifts in sea ice. One of the largest glaciers in Antarctica has begun to melt at a rate some scientists describe as irreversible. Pine Island Glacier contributes a fourth of the discharge of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. It is estimated that if this entire ice sheet were to melt, sea levels would rise by ten feet. Other areas of the Antarctic are experiencing cooling events, resulting in greater ice coverage known as "fast ice." However, scientists believe that melting will supplant fast ice in the near future.
"While net sea ice cover (i.e., the area of ocean covered by ice) has increased over the past few decades [in Antarctica] owing to wind changes brought largely by mid-latitude warming and the Antarctic Ozone Hole, modeled predictions point to a decrease by 5-15 percent, depending on sector, by 2025-2052," the study states. "Concomitantly, increased ice shelf instability will lead to more frequent iceberg calving, including very large icebergs (hundreds of square kilometers)."
Sea ice cover variability directly affects Adélie habitat, and the species' ability to adjust to this variability will determine their future.
Adélie penguins depend on sea-ice for foraging, resting, molting, breeding and migrating. They are one of only two penguin species that depend on sea ice and not icebergs, the other being the Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri).
"This 'dependence' is actually a manifestation of them being the only penguin species that are able to cope with sea ice," Lescroël told mongabay.com.
To a certain extent, Adélie penguins are adapted to cope with changes in their habitat. For instance, they're able to easily gain and lose fat depending on ice conditions, and dive for longer periods of time compared to other penguin species.
"They dive mostly between 10 and 50 meters deep to catch their prey but can dive up to 180 meters, which is a world record," said Lescroël.
Continue reading at ENN affiliate, MONGABAY.COM.
Adelie penguin image via Shutterstock.


text: Kevin Heber 0 Report post Posted March 24, 2011 NOTE: The XTi2 series WILL NOT WORK WITH version 1 BAND MANAGER. Please use System Architect or Band Manager 2 instead. This patch is for older XTi amps that cannot communicate with Band Manager or System Architect. Detach, unzip and run the EXE file, then upload whichever file it asks for (the S file or the HEX file). After the upgrade, Band Manager/System Architect will be able to see the amp and complete the firmware upgrade to the most current version. Make sure you are using the most current version of BM/SA to ensure you are getting the latest firmware. IMPORTANT NOTE: the CLoader.exe application will not run properly on Windows 7. XTI11311.zip Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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This 1-year forecast gives a heads up on what's in store between two people. The astrology interpretations in this report are based on the assumption that the two people involved have a close ongoing relationship. The closer the bond, the more the influences will be felt and perceived.
Approx 75 pages. 1 year length. Price $ 65.95 AUD
With the pressures and stresses of modern society, we are increasingly find it more difficult to slow down the mental activity of our conscious mind. A psychic is able to divert the conscious mind and begin to focus on the sub conscious.
Read an article on "How to Develop Psychic Abilities"


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The annual B.J. Burton Memorial Softball Tournament is set for June 29 at Pleasant View Park. Call Terry Thomas at 880-1519 or Gary Burton at 970-6300 for registration and additional information.
Wonder Boys Basketball Skills Academy
Arkansas Tech's men's basketball team will conduct a Basketball Skills Academy every Monday from 6-7 p.m. from June through October. Campers in grades 4-8 will learn the basic fndamentals of basketball such as dribbling, passing and shooting form. They will enhance their individual skills by working directly with the ATU coaching staff and players through different drills and competitions.
Entry fee is $10 per session or $30 in advance per month. Participants can register at the men's basketball office. For more details, contact Chad Kline at email@example.com.
Soccer association tryouts
Tryouts for the Arkansas Valley Soccer Association (AVSA) start Thursday at the Russellville Soccer Complex on Lock and Dam Road. Players who want to play soccer in the 2013-14 academic year must attend tryouts in the following age groups:
• U11 Boys — 6:30-7:30 p.m. June 18 and 20
• U15 Boys — 5:30-6:30 p.m. June 17
For additional information, contact Bryan Drotar at email@example.com or (479) 979-5041.
Soaring Wings Half Marathon training
First Baptist Church of Russellville will host a training program for the Soaring Wings Half Marathon at 7:15 a.m. July 6 in the church parking lot. The group will meet on a weekly basis and will be divided among pace groups for all levels of runners and walkers.
Early registration for the program is available online through June 30 at a cost of $25. Beginning July 1, the cost will increase to $30.
Check out www.fbcruss.org/half-marathon-training for more details and to register. As a benefit for joining the running/walking group, participants will receive a dri-fit running shirt, preplanned routes, weekly running schedules, snacks following the runs, and weekly seminars. If you are interested in the program or have any questions, contact Larry Walker at 968-1316.
Adult fall softball meeting July 8
The Russellville Recreation and Parks Department will host an organizational meeting for Adult Fall Softball at 6:30 p.m. July 8 in the Hughes Community Center. Anyone interested in entering a team in the fall softball league should have a representative present at this meeting. Registration will begin July 15 and end at 5 p.m. July 26. If you are unable to attend, necessary forms are available in the Russellville Recreation and Parks Department Office or online at www.russellvillearkansas.org. Call 968-1272 for more details.
Dover basketball camp moved to August
The Dover Lady Pirates skills basketball camp has been rescheduled for Aug. 6-8. Cost of the camp, which will run from 9 a.m. to noon each day, will be $45 and includes a T-shirt. Call 331-4223 for additional information.
Student athletic trainer workshop July 22-23
CLARKSVILLE — University of the Ozarks head athletic trainer Chad Floyd will conduct a student athletic trainer workshop July 22-23 on Ozarks' campus for high school students.
The workshop will run from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. each day. Participants will learn basic athletic training knowledge and hands-on skills. The cost is $75 and the pre-registration deadline is July 19. Enrollment is limited to 10 students. Campus housing is available for $30 per night.
Floyd, who is in his 12th year at Ozarks, holds state, district and national training certifications and has an Arkansas teaching certificate in Health and Physical Education. Contact Floyd for more information at (479) 979-4853 or email@example.com.
Youth camp at Lake Dardanelle State Park
Lake Dardanelle State Park will host a three-day youth camp Aug. 6-8 for ages 12-15. The camp includes activities, crafts, programs and much more. The campers will meet at the visitor center at 9am each day and will be ready to be picked up there at 4 p.m. Lunch, snacks, and all materials will be included in the $65 registration fee.
The camp has limited space, so register by Aug. 1 (provided there is still space available). Pick up a registration form at the Lake Dardanelle State Park visitor center or it can be e-mailed or faxed to you. Call Lake Dardanelle State Park at 967-5516.


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APR uses CFD software to design the ports and tests them on the computer in simulation before ultimately using their flow bench and engine dyno. In addition to porting the heads APR also removes what they feel is a huge restriction in the manifold port flaps. This is an area that Volkswagen themselves addressed in the newer 2.0 TSI motors.
APR has not released flow or dyno numbers for their headwork but we have no reason to doubt them when they say there is a lot to gain in this area.


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Operating income was $204 million compared with $152 million a year ago. Adjusting for a one-time benefit from the elimination of a net deferred liability resulting from an organizational restructuring, operating income was $161 million, 6% higher than the second quarter of 2011. KCS reported an adjusted second-quarter 2012 operating ratio of 70.5%, a 1.2 point improvement from second-quarter 2011.
Operating expenses in the second quarter were $341 million compared with $383 million in the corresponding 2011 period. Adjusted operating expenses in the second quarter were $384 million, comparatively flat with the same period in 2011.
Reported net income in the second quarter of 2012 totaled $120 million, or $1.09 per diluted share, compared with $71 million, or 64 cents per diluted share, in the second quarter of 2011. Adjusted diluted earnings per share for the second quarter of 2012 were $0.85, compared with adjusted diluted earnings per share of 71 cents in the second quarter of 2011.
"While lower-than-anticipated coal traffic clearly had an impact on second quarter results, KCS still reported a 4% increase in carloads, and excluding utility coal, our volumes rose 7% compared to second-quarter 2011," stated KCS President and CEO David L. Starling. "We also ended the quarter on a strong note by achieving the highest average daily carloads."


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Frequently Asked Questions About Celiac Disease 09/30/2015This Celiac.com FAQ on celiac disease will guide you to all of the basic information you will need to know about the disease, its diagnosis, testing methods, a gluten-free diet, etc. Subscribe to Celiac.com's FREE weekly eNewsletter What are the major symptoms of celiac disease? Celiac Disease Symptoms What testing is available for celiac disease? Celiac Disease Screening Interpretation of Celiac Disease Blood Test Results Can I be tested even though I am eating gluten free? How long must gluten be taken for the serological tests to be meaningful? The Gluten-Free Diet 101 - A Beginner's Guide to Going Gluten-Free Is celiac inherited? Should my children be tested? Ten Facts About Celiac Disease Genetic Testing Is there a link between celiac and other autoimmune diseases? Celiac Disease Research: Associated Diseases and Disorders Is there a list of gluten foods to avoid? Unsafe Gluten-Free Food List (Unsafe Ingredients) Is there a list of gluten free foods? Safe Gluten-Free Food List (Safe Ingredients) Gluten-Free Alcoholic Beverages Distilled Spirits (Grain Alcohols) and Vinegar: Are they Gluten-Free? Where does gluten hide? Additional Things to Beware of to Maintain a 100% Gluten-Free Diet What if my doctor won't listen to me? An Open Letter to Skeptical Health Care Practitioners Gluten-Free recipes: Gluten-Free Recipes
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We Need To Start A Thread On Stupid Stuff Doctors Say!
Krystal K. replied to mushroom's topic in Celiac Disease - Doctors8 months pre-diagnosis dr says "what do you think it could be?".......ummmm if i had a clue i wouldnt be here.....6 months pre-diagnosis "hmmm I wonder if you have celiacs?" .....but didn't test me for it instead ordered a nerve conduction test & a brain mri... man if only she went with her gut and actually tested me for celiacs back then, I would've suffered a few months less and that would've been awesome!!
Gluten Nightmares- Literally!
Krystal K. replied to Pauliewog's topic in Celiac Disease - Sleepugh yea i dream sometimes of eating oreos with my husband and then I say oh no why am i eating these? ... then theres the occasional taco bell and chinese take out dream..only if I smelt it that day or someone was talking bout it though! hopefully they stop soon its weird how food can haunt us!
Old Hag Syndrome / Sleep Paralysis
Krystal K. replied to nb-canada's topic in Celiac Disease - Sleepwow I forgot about this ..This happened to me at my peek of symptoms of gluten ataxia.. It never happened in my life before that though, but once the ataxia got to the point of wobbly knees and difficulty. reading and writing, I kept having these and I remember trying to explain it, was frightening!! ...it does sound like a sepearate sleep disorder ..but I believe ceiliacs causes all sorts of seperate conditions ..so personally I havn't had one since going Gluten-Free...to me feels like it was related.
Adrenal Problems?
Krystal K. replied to Ed in Baja's topic in Celiac Disease - Coping WithAll I know is when I first got diagnosed I was seeing so many dr. and they had told me my adrenals were on there way to being a "burnt out" ..I never fully understood it but once I was eating gluten free for a while and I also took...a lot of different natural supplements the glands got stronger...I remember them saying things like "when they are hyper active" maybe the gluten makes them kick into overdrive and then they get tired....the only reason they discovered that was bc my blood pressure was dropping an extreme amount each time I went from laying down to sitting to standing..I would often faint... I hope you are taking probiotics and watch out for Cross contamination! Good luck I'm still working on it myself!
College Advise From Students
Krystal K. replied to adanielson's topic in Celiac Disease - Teenagers & Young Adults OnlyI'd try and get your hands on some deli meats roll it up in some romane lettuce (cheaper than the gfreebread) put some tomato or whatever else veggies you want in it for a sandwich.. you can pack some tunafish in a Tupperware (although not supposed to eat that often!) there are cheap gluten free things not going to say they are the healthiest ..but for cheap quick emergency food lol dentimoore stew has a microvable beef stew...minute rice has a few micro. (spanish and yellow)...hot dogs are cheap and most brands are Gluten-Free...hebrew national...umm there are canned soups by progresso that say gluten free on them like mushroom and clam chowder broc. chowder... these are all quick cheap college equivlants to ramen and speggeti...not the healthiest but better than cheating and eating gluten getting sick! ALWAYS CHECK INGREDIANTS incase the things I've listed are the same where you live! Krystal
Hair Changed Color?
Krystal K. replied to Krystal K.'s topic in Celiac Disease - Post Diagnosis, Recovery/Treatment(s)mine used to fall out a lot ..i was told that was due to malnutrition and that has been a lot better! it just seems strange I tried to read about it online and people say mostly if you are pregnant it can change..so now im thinking maybe its hormonal and not so much celiac...but then I go back to remembering that my cycle was off before and just regulating this past year so maybe hormones are finally evening out..ugh its not a huge deal but if I start having reddish-blonde light hair instead of my dark brown its kinda freaky and proly end up seeing a dr. anyways
Hair Changed Color?
Krystal K. posted a topic in Celiac Disease - Post Diagnosis, Recovery/Treatment(s)Hello, I'm just wondering if anyone of you have experienced this before...I've been gluten free for almost a year and just recently noticed my hair growing in a different color...I have Dark brown hair, and the past weeks I kept thinking my hair was greying (im 25 year old female) ...and now that it is a little longer I can see it is not grey but blonde I pulled one piece out to really try and see the difference between my ends and my roots and it has a slight red tone to it... no swimming in pools, same shampoo and conditioner, I don't use dyes..is this something that happens with celiacs? Not sure if its norm. or something I have to get checked out. Krystal
Confused About Gluten Free Products..
Krystal K. replied to hspichke's topic in Celiac Disease - Post Diagnosis, Recovery/Treatment(s)I'm newer to this too, but I asked my Dr. and he said that topical gluten is fine but like Mushroom said if it gets ingested at all it can become a problem...So I've gotten rid of mascara and some lotions chapsticks and my Big Sexy Hair shampoo :/ to me its just not worth the risk!
I Got My Period!
Krystal K. replied to dani nero's topic in Celiac Disease - Post Diagnosis, Recovery/Treatment(s)celiac but I have mostly neuro.symptoms.. its ataxia. idk if this makes any difference as far as cycles go but I have been dairy intolerant for years and recently learned gluten and also corn.
Gluten Ataxia?
Krystal K. replied to Krystal K.'s topic in Celiac Disease - Post Diagnosis, Recovery/Treatment(s)I really started having these episodes about 1 year ago. It started for me with rushes of adrenaline and then clamminess. I really thought I was having anxiety or something ..and I ignored it. Then after eating at red lobster my "anxiety" went from tolerable to intolerable. I went to the drs thinking they were either going to say I developed and allergy to shrimp or that I had a full panic attack. She said panic attack. So I said no to the meds and tried to embrace life and drink tea and do yoga lol. Well it didn't stop happening everyday and then I started having trouble swallowing my foods. Not like it was closed up but more like I couldn't tell myself to gulp. Def. scary back to dr.s They wanted to see if there was blockage in my throat..and there wasn't.Then is happened really bad at dance I rushed over to the walk in health center.. they literally gave me a piece of candy thinking my sugar levels dropped and sent me home. well in the end it got worse and worse as you all know and went from specialist to specialist and out of desperation I went to my husbands chiropractor and he suggested that it might be a food allergy or intolerance. My neuro. actually said one time in her office.."hmm I wonder if its celiac" and I had no clue what that was ..but she never ran any tests for it! Just thought it out loud! 8 months into it lab work showed intolerance to gluten and my ana test was also extremely high ...so I stopped eating gluten and it has helped they are running follow up tests I had some bloodwork earlier this month. All I care is that its getting better. Mri's are no fun for someone who hates small spaces I currently still see the chiropractor and he has me on some vitmans and minerals and a probiotic.
Gluten Ataxia?
Krystal K. replied to Krystal K.'s topic in Celiac Disease - Post Diagnosis, Recovery/Treatment(s)omg it sounds so familiar Im not driving yet, no way But I hope to again and i can't believe how nice... although terribly unfortunate that you all had to go through this ...it is for me to hear some stories because a lot of people around here think..or make me feel like its "all in my head" or they think I can have a little bit and be ok.. I too had the heart palp. and blurry vision. Not to be dramatic but It makes me teary to see hope that I can have my life back someday. I had to close down my dance school because i just couldnt run it anymore. balance on one leg? I had to have income so I re-opened with an assistant who teaches for me but its just not the same. Its def. very scary but until tonight I never heard anyones stories about it. And it sounds like once I get my act together and stop having setbacks I'll be good. Thanks again for sharing
I Got My Period!
Krystal K. replied to dani nero's topic in Celiac Disease - Post Diagnosis, Recovery/Treatment(s)came across this and well , just saying ..Im 25 and for the past 6 years I have had little to no cycle ..like 4-6 periods a year.was on the pill came off the pill in oct...and since nov. I have gotten it each month AND been gluten free since Nov. too interesting
Gluten Ataxia?
Krystal K. replied to Krystal K.'s topic in Celiac Disease - Post Diagnosis, Recovery/Treatment(s)Thanks to responding I can see how it can get to the point where you need to be aided. I was leaning up on walls mostly and gave up on using my bed up the stairs in my house. I am very happy that it is getting better. But like both of you said I still need to heal! I had a rougher start to it then I would've thought... and it was all CC that got me.(toaster,double dipped sugar bowl that had flour in it..ugh started out thinking it was easy!"no bread" bleh not quite) I'm determined to stick to whole foods. Did you ever feel like the road was moving? Sounds wierd but I've noticed that when the car stops it still looks like its moving..dr. said it was part of the ataxia but now im curious it you may have experienced this?
Gluten Ataxia?
Krystal K. posted a topic in Celiac Disease - Post Diagnosis, Recovery/Treatment(s)Hey there, I was diagnosed with a gluten intolerance called gluten ataxia this past november. I am still learning the rules and ya know changing my lifestyle around but I am curious does anyone here have this? Symptoms include: dizziness, unstable gait.. meaning trouble walking straight..things kind of "float" around you like you're in a dream world. I am much better now. But I've noticed the 3 times I have been accidently glutenized I get this Rush of adrenaline and my heart goes crazy fast my knees get trembly weak and I tend to feel like I might faint but haven't. Also the next day I'm exhausted and very dizzy and stomach pain. Does anyone here have this? and if so do you think each time you get glutenized do symptoms stay longer ?..or can symptoms become permanent?


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My desktop PC runs Win98 SE and connects to an Epson printer via a wired printer port. I'm getting alerts from ZA on that PC when I print to this printer from a laptop, which is running XP and is connected via a wireless network (Linksys WRT54G wireless router), but the printing works anyway.
I already have the IP range 192.168.1.101/255.255.255.0 in the Trusted zone, which I thought was enough to cope with the router itself (192.168.1.1) and the range it assigns to clients (192.168.1.100 - 192.168.1.149). I can't find any references to higher IP addresses in the router's own configuration pages. However, during printing ZA blocks "access to your computer (NetBIOS Session)" from 192.168.92.1 and from 192.168.117.1. Here's a short extract from the log:
FWIN,2007/10/22,18:26:50 +1:00 GMT,192.168.117.1:2894,192.168.1.101:139,TCP (flags:S)
FWIN,2007/10/22,18:26:50 +1:00 GMT,192.168.92.1:2895,192.168.1.101:139,TCP (flags:S)
FWIN,2007/10/22,18:26:50 +1:00 GMT,192.168.117.1:2898,192.168.1.101:139,TCP (flags:S)
FWIN,2007/10/22,18:26:50 +1:00 GMT,192.168.92.1:2899,192.168.1.101:139,TCP (flags:S)
It goes on like this, with at least 6 lines per print, sometimes a lot more, incrementing the source port numbers somewhat irregularly as above.
As I said it doesn't stop the print working, but the alerts are irritating, and I'm uneasy about just adding these two extra IP addresses to the Trusted zone when I don't know what they are. Any ideas?
Operating System:Windows 98-SE (Second Edition)
Software Version:4.x
Product Name:ZoneAlarm (Free)


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Research Where You Are Going
1. Stick to countries where you speak the language. So far, that has limited my family to English- and French-speaking countries. It is critical that you can explain allergies clearly to people without any risk of miscommunication. When our younger daughter, who has multiple food allergies including peanuts, nuts, eggs, dairy, barley and kiwi, is a little older, we may relax this rule and there are allergy translation cards available. But for the first adventures, I recommend abiding by this rule.
I will never forget our trip to Italy when Kieryn (our older daughter who has no allergies) was a year old. She spiked a fever of 40 degrees C on the first night at our rented villa. We were staying in the middle of nowhere in Umbria and did not know where the nearest hospital was.
I called the villa's agent for directions. She not only drove us to the hospital, but also translated what the doctor was saying. I can only imagine that this experience would have been even more stressful if we were dealing with an anaphylactic emergency in Italian.
2. With allergies in the family, it's essential to know the distance to the nearest hospital before you book accommodations. We like to stay within an hour's drive of a hospital, and to know that there is also a doctor or a clinic nearby.
3. Given my environmental allergies, we try to find places with tiled or wood floors instead of carpet. We look for wicker furniture or leather instead of stuffed couches. We always ask if the place has dogs, cats or other pets, as some villas and ski chalets are also people's homes for part of the year.
4. Research local food labeling laws. If you're thinking of traveling to the Caribbean this winter, I can report that much of the food is imported from the U.S. and Canada. So labeling on these products is not a problem. But you need to be more careful with locally produced items.
5. Check the import restrictions on the country you are going to as well as any countries you will be connecting through on flights. Like the U.S., many countries have restrictions on bringing in meat, fruit and vegetables, but most are OK with dry goods.
The Flight
We limit the number of flights to get to our destination, and avoid connecting via a third country. Since we're traveling from Ottawa, this means looking for places we can fly to directly from Toronto or Montreal. We prefer not to fly through the U.S. because if we bring meat and fruit for the meal on the plane, we'll have to throw them out if disembarking to catch another plane.
Time To Eat
1. Our motto and Number One rule for traveling with anaphylaxis is: Have Kitchen, Will Travel! We always try to stay somewhere that has a kitchen. There are a surprising number of options, including condos, villas, ski chalets and hotels with kitchenettes. We wash all pots, plates and cutlery on arrival, since we don't know what foods were on them before.
2. We bring our own food for our daughter for every flight. We never let our daughter eat something if we don't know the ingredients, and she never eats anything without her auto-injector on hand. We carry at least four EpiPens on every trip.
3. We pack and check one suitcase full of non-perishable food for every trip. You can't count on being able to buy allergy-free foods abroad. Some items to consider (depending on the allergies): egg replacer; sesame-free bread; nut-, dairy- and egg-free cookies; nut- and dairy-free cereals; and gluten-free pasta. You can include a small freezer bag for perishables (like dairy-free margarine).
4. Bring enough food for your first day, so you don't have to shop the moment you arrive. Think pasta and a can of pasta sauce for a first night's dinner – or instant noodles for an overnight in a hotel room without a kitchen.
5. Are you staying longer than a week? Then bring allergy-free bread loaves and freeze some once you get to your destination. That way, the bread will last.
6. We eat as many meals as possible in our rental unit's kitchen. When we go out for a day trip, we pack lunches and snacks to bring with us. If we absolutely have to eat out, we will not count on a waiter to communicate about the allergies. We try to speak directly to the person preparing the food and explain: the allergies, the fact that they are life-threatening, and to ask about possible cross-contamination. We prefer smaller restaurants because you have a better chance of speaking to the cook.
Stick with plain, simple foods (no sauces) to reduce risk. For example, plain rice, plain pasta, plain vegetables and grilled chicken or fish. Ask if an allergen has been on the grill before ordering.
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ever again and heaven help me if a winged flying machine had to land in the US. Again,
different strokes for different countries, some I can enter, many I maybe or can not. For me the
continuing attraction of going to the USA somehow just isn't there, anymore. Still it would be
good to have clearance for same, just in case. Still waiting for a reply from federal agencies.
These things do take time, dealing with government always does.
A registered postal letter arrived today.
In short, don't even "think" about entering the United States in any way, shape or form.
Both the department I was dealing with and my lawyers have decided it would best
if I never enter the country. Seems my continuing negative political feelings towards the
country simply means don't even try.Two different interviews with various
officials with me and my lawyers in attendance
present confirmed their feelings and my attitude.
It's over, thanks for all the advice from various individuals


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A Mercedes was stolen after theives broke into a house in Killamarsh and stole the keys.
Police were called this morning (March 11) at just after 6am, when the victims woke to find the back door had been forced open.
A bag containing the car keys and the wallets had been stolen along with the black Mercedes saloon.
Police are appealing for witnesses to the event to call 101.


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Throughout her time at Ball State, nursing major Kadee Dollar, '14, has learned to take blood pressure, navigate lunch lines at The Atrium, and study while pedaling a stationary bike. But more importantly, the Hiatt/Wickham Scholarship recipient has gained the value of leadership.
As an eager freshman, Dollar joined Excellence in Leadership (EIL) to take advantage of the program's rich lineup of high-profile speakers, dynamic weekly workshops, and range of community service opportunities. However, EIL soon became far more than its list of extracurricular endeavors as Dollar engaged in transformative self-reflection of her personal leadership style.
"I was always classified as a leader in high school; however, I could never tell you how I lead. After growing through EIL, I can tell you that I lead by example and confront challenges in a positive and encouraging manner," says Dollar, who plans to pursue a master's degree in pediatric nursing. "One of the most valuable experiences you can have in life is to learn about yourself—your strengths and weaknesses. Excellence in Leadership has enabled me to analyze myself and continue to develop."
The Program
Each fall, 300 students are accepted into the four-semester program designed to foster emerging leaders. Lauren Berger, assistant director of student life, says the first phase of the program, semesters one and two, challenges students to examine personal leadership styles, set life goals, and evaluate strengths and weaknesses. The second phase, semesters three and four, encourages participants to apply those ideals to lead organizations, create and articulate group visions, and inspire others to exercise leadership.
"Excellence in Leadership is a great program for students of all ages," says Berger. "The EIL program offers education to supplement the learning that students are getting in the classroom and allows them to learn more about leadership and strengthen their skills as a leader at Ball State."
Lessons among the Trees
To help participants achieve the educational outcomes and personal goals of each phase, EIL hosts weekly workshops and motivational field trips. Among the program's most rewarding experiences is an outdoor team-building excursion among 30 acres of Camp Yale's wooded recreational park in east central Indiana. Dollar says navigating through 20 low-ropes course stations and traversing a 450-foot zip line taught her to balance leading and following.
"Camp Yale taught me how to be a team member with 10 to 15 other leaders," says the EIL student ambassador, who received the 2010-11 Parent Advisory Council Scholarship. "I learned that being a team member sometimes means taking one for the team and not trying to force leadership. In doing this, I spoke up only when I felt there was a better solution to the challenge we were facing, and I learned to really listen to others expressing their ideas."
Renowned Speakers
As part of its annual speaker series, the program has invited a range of distinguished leaders—from civil rights activist Jesse Jackson to Indianapolis Colts head coach Jim Caldwell—to address campus. EIL participants are among the first students selected to engage in small group discussions with these renowned visionaries. Dollar says the intimate talkback sessions inspire students to achieve and make their own lasting mark on the world.
"My favorite EIL speaker was WNBA superstar Tamika Catchings," says Dollar, a native of Galveston, Indiana. "The way she approached every setback in her life, including hearing impairment, was commendable. After listening to her story of playing basketball and learning about her charity, I was inspired to do more good in our community."
Credit Where Credit is Due
Student accepted into the program may engage in EIL as an extracurricular venture or elect to earn 1 credit hour per semester. Berger says that many students who complete both years of the program apply those 4 credit hours toward graduation or a minor in
leadership studies.
The impact of the program is palpable. According to the Office of Student Life, 23 program participants won scholarships and awards, and eight presented at professional conferences in 2010. Nearly 40 EIL students held campus leadership positions and 32 engaged in community service activities that same year.
Students interested in the leadership program should e-mail, call the EIL office at 765-285-3476, or stop by Pittenger Student Center, room 133.