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SANFORD, Fla. - The jury on Tuesday heard testimony from a state medical examiner expert who called George Zimmerman's injuries minor.
[Chat recap: Tony Pipitone inside courtroom]
Zimmerman, 29, is charged with shooting and killing 17-year-old Trayvon Martin in Sanford.
Dr. Valerie Rao examined Zimmerman's reenactment video, 36 photos, medical history/record, police video, autopsy reports and police reports. Rao did not do the autopsy on Martin.
Prosecutor John Guy asked Rao about Zimmerman's injuries, which she called "not life-threatening" and "very insignificant." She said Zimmerman's head injuries are consistent with hitting concrete but only one strike. Rao said the injuries were not consistent with being repeatedly "slammed" against the concrete since the injuries aren't great-force injuries.
"They were so minor that the individual who treated and examined Mr. Zimmerman decided stitches weren't required," Rao said.
Defense attorney and former Local 6 legal analyst Mark O'Mara questioned Rao in cross-examination about how Special Prosecutor Angela Corey appointed Rao to the medical examiner position.
O'Mara asked Rao if she was suggested Martin only hit Zimmerman once. Rao said she's not suggesting it was only one hit to the nose, but could be one. She then says it could be two, three or four depending on the force/impact.
O'Mara asked if Rao found any injuries in Martin's autopsy reports, to which she said she didn't see any noted, although she didn't do the autopsy herself. Rao also added the facial injury could also be consistent with overhead blow, similar to what witness John Good described.
Rao did not identify bruising on Zimmerman's head, despite O'Mara's efforts, but then found one on the right side. O'Mara then described various scenarios and asked Rao what the injuries would be.
O'Mara then got Rao to expand her "3 impacts" of Zimmerman's head on cement to many more. He asked Rao "what about the next injury?" in hopes to drive home point injuries could have become life-threatening.
The defense objected to the state's next witness, Professor Carter, who would testify about the course Zimmerman took 1-2 years before shooting that included self-defense law instruction. Zimmerman had denied previous knowledge about self-defense law.
The state also wants to show Zimmerman had such interest in law enforcement that was his state of mind at the time of the incident. State prosecutor Richard Mantei said Zimmerman's behavior was an ongoing pattern, including applying and being rejected as law enforcement officer in Virginia and an application to ride around with Sanford police officers.
The state said Carter will expound on written materials to say "stand your ground" was taught in class Zimmerman took.
O'Mara said Zimmerman's schooling is unrelated to the case. Judge Debra S. Nelson said the state wants to show Zimmerman's knowledge of law, investigations and interviews. O'Mara said the "state can't create evidence" to have the professor impeach Zimmerman on it.
"That's their theory of the case," Nelson said, that Zimmerman "understood (the law enforcement) process." The defense sought proffer from state and Nelson gave defense a 30-minute recess to find case law to support their objection.
Nelson wanted to move on to the new witness and deal with the college course/records at 8:30 a.m. on Wednesday.
The state called one last quick witness on Tuesday, Kristen Benson, a Seminole County Sheriff fingerprint examiner. The jury was then dismissed as the court discussed outstanding issues.
The jury also heard on Tuesday Zimmerman's TV interview with Sean Hannity as Zimmerman said he has no regrets about shooting and killing Martin and felt as "it was all God's plan."
In the July 2012 interview with Fox News' "The Sean Hannity Show," Zimmerman said he had never heard of "stand your ground" before the shooting, to which the state claims it has evidence that statement is false.
In his first public interview since the shooting, Zimmerman also discussed how Martin was "trying to intimidate" him by implying he had a weapon and that Martin wasn't running out of fear but "skipping."
Zimmerman said Martin confronted him 30 seconds after he was heading back toward his truck and told Hannity about Martin's attack.
"I thought I'd lose consciousness. I didn't know what would happen at that point," Zimmerman said, describing when his head was hitting the concrete. "After he couldn't hit my head on concrete anymore, he tried to suffocate me, I kept pushing his hands off my mouth, nose."
He then tells Hannity the screams were definitely his.
The first testimony on Tuesday morning came from the lead police detective who investigated Martin's fatal shooting last year. Chris Serino returned to the witness stand, minutes after the judge ruled one of his statements from Monday's testimony be stricken from court record.
Serino testified for a second day Tuesday about his investigation into the fatal shooting of the 17-year-old Miami teenager by George Zimmerman, a neighborhood watch volunteer.
O'Mara played the part of the interview where Zimmerman says the screams in the background of the 911 call "don't even sound like me." The defense says he didn't mean it was not him screaming, it just sounded unlike him.
Serino told O'Mara it didn't concern him that Zimmerman made that statement.
The state then objected to the defense bringing in Serino's meeting with Martin's father, Tracy Martin, saying it was beyond the scope of direct questioning. Nelson sustained the state's objection and O'Mara said the defense will call Serino as a defense witness and will ask about Tracy Martin's interview with him not recognizing his son's screams.
During redirect, de la Rionda played the non-emergency phone call where Zimmerman says "these a******* always get away" and "f****** punks" in an effort to show Zimmerman had ill-will, spite or anger. Serino said it didn't show ill will or spite, but then changed his answer and agreed to a point.
The state then played Zimmerman saying in one of his interviews that his wife "got scared" after their neighbor was burglarized so he started the Neighborhood Watch program.
"These guys always get away," Zimmerman said in the interview. De la Rionda asked Serino if it was "accurate he (Zimmerman) is profiling Trayvon Martin as a criminal?" The defense objected and Nelson sustained the objection.
Serino said there was no evidence Martin was committing a crime or was armed. In the recording of the interview, Zimmerman says he was "going in the same direction" as Martin. Serino says that's "following."
"You wanted to catch the bad guy, f****** punk kid, right?" Serino said in the audio interview to a subdued Zimmerman.
The state pointed out discrepancies in Zimmerman's recollections in what the non-emergency dispatcher asked him to do and why he walked behind the condos. De la Rionda replayed the video of Zimmerman, claiming to look for address, then shows the photo of the address on the townhome in front of him. De la Rionda pointed out the street name Zimmerman claimed not to know is the same street used to enter the subdivision, to which Serino agreed. Zimmerman told investigators he didn't know the street name attached to the numerical address seen where he left his vehicle.
De la Rionda then asked Serino about Zimmerman's claim he stretched out the arms of Martin, despite the first picture of Martin's body showing Martin's hands under his torso. Serino called Zimmerman's claim inconsistent with first photo.
The state also noted Serino had no DNA, ballistics, statement from Jeantel when he challenged Zimmerman in an interview.
During re-cross, O'Mara asked Serino if he had said the word "a*******" before and how Zimmerman said it in his interview, which Serino said didn't cause him any concern. Serino agreed with O'Mara that Zimmerman didn't "screech" words as de la Rionda did during his redirect of Serino.
O'Mara then asked about a "slim jim," which is used to break into vehicles, being found near the shooting scene. Serino said the burglary tool was found in the bushes behind one the witness' residence where Zimmerman says Martin may have hid, but it was not tied to the shooting case.
O'Mara asked Serino if he thought Zimmerman was following Martin and had Serino admit following someone is not illegal. Serino said he thinks Zimmerman was just outside his vehicle when he was told not to follow Martin, but Zimmerman's call suggests otherwise.
"In totality of the whole thing ... George Zimmerman was trying to do something int he same direction Trayvon Martin was going," Serino told O'Mara.
Serino agreed with O'Mara that Zimmerman had grounds to call non-emergency line about Martin, but Serino wouldn't have questioned the teen himself. He also said Zimmerman seemed "elated" that someone might have video of his encounter with Martin.
During re-redirect, de la Rionda asks, "are you saying ... it's against the law for someone to wear a hoodie at night?" The defense objected and de la Rionda rephrased his question. De la Rionda also reinforced with Serino that the "slim jim" found the bushes had nothing to do with the case.
Nelson then limited O'Mara's re-recross to five minutes. O'Mara suggested the lack of blood on Martin's hands explained because it was falling toward the earth or backing up into nose.
The state's next witness was Mark Osterman, neighbor/friend of Zimmerman. Osterman wrote a book trying to defend "the best friend I ever had." Osterman, a federal air marshal, looked directly at the jury as he testified, like law enforcement officers are trained to do.
Osterman quoted Zimmerman saying, "somehow I broke his grip on the gun when the guy grabbed between the grip and hammer." Zimmerman had previously only told police Martin reached for the gun, not that he actually grabbed it.
"I thought he had said he grabbed the gun," Osterman said. "I believe he said he grabbed the gun."
Osterman said Zimmerman "either broke contact or knocked Martin's hand away" from gun before pulling and firing it.
Osterman said he believes anyone who is not a convicted felon should have a firearm and said he encouraged Zimmerman to get a gun.
"Police are not always there," Osterman said. Osterman then described Zimmerman as "stunned, wide-eyed .. detached ... he wasn't answering questions ... just wanted to go home."
During cross-examination, the defense tried to have Osterman say the screams on the 911 calls were Zimmerman. Nelson said it was beyond the scope of the state's direct questioning.
At the start of court on Tuesday, the state sought to bolster or widen its already-granted motion preventing police from giving opinion testimony about the Zimmerman investigation. Judge Debra S. Nelson allowed Serino and Detective Doris Singleton to say they saw no evidence of ill-will, spite, or hatred in court on Monday--all of which are elements of second-degree murder.
De la Rionda introduced case law to the motion, which would limit what police can say about their interpretation of the law. The state wants Serino's opinion struck from the court record.
Serino said on Monday that Zimmerman was telling the truth or was a pathological liar. In cross-examination, defense attorney and former Local 6 legal analyst Mark O'Mara got Serino to exclude being a pathological liar, leaving the truth.
Nelson did say during testimony on Monday that the defense was coming close to violating the granted motion to exclude police opinion about self-defense.
The defense said cases that limit police opinion on veracity apply to authorities attacking the defendant and that Zimmerman's case involves authorities supporting Zimmerman. The cases the state is citing say veracity and credibility are "province of the jury" and allowing witnesses to offer such opinions cause reversible error.
O'Mara asked for time to research the case law. The state said it's also entitled to a fair trial and that the court has barred opinion testimony, so the jury should be asked to disregard improper comment of Serino.
Nelson ruled in favor of the state and asked the jury to disregard the testimony that Serino believed Zimmerman's story.
"That was an improper comment as to truth of veracity of another witness. You are asked to disregard question and answer," Nelson said.
Also before the jury entered the courtroom on Tuesday, the state said the defense failed to attend a Seminole State College witness testimony last week outside of court. Nelson allowed the witness, who taught an online course, to testify outside of court because of a scheduling issue.
The state said the defense's failure to attend the testimony is a waiver of defense's right to cross-examine the witness unless the witness is available on Wednesday.
Defense attorney Don West said it didn't become aware of significance of the witness' testimony, if any, until after the trial began.
Nelson tabled the issue for the time being.
Earlier on Tuesday, the state issued a motion for inquiry into a photo showing West and his daughters eating ice cream cones with the caption, "We beat stupidity celebration cones" that was apparently posted on Instagram the same day Rachel Jeantel testified in court.
West called the state "irresponsible" for filing the motion.
The 29-year-old Zimmerman has pleaded not guilty to second-degree murder. He claims he acted in self-defense.
Jurors on Monday heard a series of recorded police interviews of detectives questioning Zimmerman about his confrontation with Martin in a gated community in Sanford.
[FREE: Zimmerman App | PICS: Murder Trial | SPECIAL SECTION: Zimmerman case]
Watch Local 6 News and stay with ClickOrlando.com for more on this story.
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Sustainable Cities: Meeting the Challenge of Rapid Urbanization the Focus of "Planet Under Pressure 2012"
Addressing the social, environmental and economic challenges associated with rapid and growing urbanization is bringing some 3,000 experts from around the world together in London this week for the "Planet Under Pressure 2012" conference.
With world population forecast to increase from 7 billion today to more than 9 billion by 2050, humanity's urban footprint will take up 1.5 million more square kilometers of land by 2030 at current rates, an area comparable to that of France, Germany and Spain combined. That translates into an average 1 million more city dwellers every week for the next 38 years, with the world's total urban population forecast to increase from 3.5 billion today to 6.3 billion by 2050, according to Planet Under Pressure 2012 conference organizers.
These trends are impossible to stop, practically speaking, which means that rather than addressing the question as to whether or not urbanization should take place, but how best to urbanize, states Dr. Michael Fragkias of Arizona State University, one among nearly 3,000 conference participants.
"Today's ongoing pattern of urban sprawl puts humanity at severe risk due to environmental problems," Fragkias adds, issues that conference attendees intend to discuss, debate and offer solutions to. "Dense cities designed for efficiency offer one of the most promising paths to sustainability, and urbanization specialists will share a wealth of knowledge available to drive solutions."
Article continues: http://www.triplepundit.com/2012/03/sustainable-cities-meeting-challenge-rapid-urbanization-focus-planet-pressure-2012/
New York City image via Shutterstock


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Coulson and Brooks appear in UK court
British Prime Minister David Cameron's former spin doctor, Andy Coulson, and ex-News International chief executive Rebekah Brooks have appeared at the Old Bailey accused of making corrupt payments to public officials.
The pair and three other defendants sat at the back of the court for the 10-minute hearing on Thursday.
The judge, Justice Fulford, said they did not have to go into the dock.
He ordered that they all return to the court on March 8 for a plea and case management hearing.
Coulson and ex-News of the World royal correspondent Clive Goodman are charged with conspiracy to pay for information, including a royal phone directory known as the "Green Book".
It contained contact details for the royal family and members of the royal household.
Coulson, 44, and Goodman, 55, face two counts of conspiracy to commit misconduct in a public office - one between August 31, 2002 and January 31, 2003, and the other between January 31 and June 3, 2005.
The charges relate to the alleged request and authorisation of payments to public officials in exchange for information, including the royal contacts.
Brooks, 44, and former Sun chief reporter John Kay, 69, are charged with conspiring to pay Ministry of Defence employee Bettina Jordan-Barber around STG100,000 ($A154,906) for information.
The three each face one count of conspiracy to commit misconduct in a public office between January 1, 2004 and January 31, 2012.
That relates to allegations that Jordan-Barber, 39, was paid to provide information to the Sun newspaper.
All the defendants are on bail.
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text:
MLS Cup has a history of producing unexpected champions. Maybe it's the 90-minute nature of proceedings that favor a team on its day, the normally neutral site or the mixture of playoff participants that the regular season produces.
Either way, it seems the underdog always has an opportunity to walk away top dog, no matter what history, odds or common sense tells you.
And the Houston Dynamo, even if they'd never admit it, could very well be the biggest underdog in the history of MLS Cup when they take the field against the LA Galaxy on Sunday night at the Home Depot Center (9 p.m. ET on ESPN, Galavision and TSN2).
After all, this is a team that didn't win an away game in its first 15 tries this season. And if that wasn't already enough, they'll likely be without their best player, Brad Davis, against the Supporters' Shield winners, who'll be lining up Landon Donovan, David Beckham and Robbie Keane in a building where the Galaxy are unbeaten this season.
So if the Houston Dynamo manage to buck the numbers and bring home their third MLS Cup in six years? Where would that victory rank in the annals of MLS Cup upsets?
Forget Top 3. We'd be tempted to put it right on top.
Here are MLSsoccer.com's three-biggest upsets in MLS Cup history:
1. 2009: Real Salt Lake 1, Los Angeles 1 (RSL 5-4 PEN)—Real Salt Lake squeaked into the playoffs on the last day of the season, dragging the stigma of a losing record (11-12-7) with them. They made the most of their postseason opportunity, though, rolling all the way to the final and edging out Beckham, Donovan and the rest of the heavily-favored LA Galaxy on penalties while jump starting their own run of dominance in the process.
2. 2005: LA Galaxy 1, New England 0 — The Revolution had the second-best regular season in the league that season, while the Galaxy limped to the eighth and final playoff spot. With 17 goals, Taylor Twellman was the MLS MVP and Golden Boot winner, and Revs defender Michael Parkhurst was Rookie of the Year. It didn't matter, though. The sides played a scoreless 90 minutes at Pizza Hut Park before Guillermo Ramírez struck in the 105th minute to give LA an unlikely 1-0 victory.
3. 1998: Chicago Fire 2, D.C. United 0— D.C. United had grown into a bona fide dynasty and were gunning for a third-straight MLS Cup in 1998. Awaiting them in the final were Bob Bradley's Chicago Fire, who joined the league alongside the Miami Fusion that season. Chicago's 2-0 victory ended DC's run at the top and made the Fire the only expansion team ever to win a title in their first year of existence.


text:
State Report
Solano County Report
Fairfield-Suisun Unified District Report
Fairfield-Suisun Unified
Armijo High
Bird (Mary) Academy (Alt)
Blanc (Amy) Elementary
Bransford Elementary
Crescent Elementary
Crystal Middle
Dover Middle
Fairfield High
Fairview Elementary
Gordon (Cleo) Elementary
Grange Middle
Green Valley Middle
Jones (K. I.) Elementary
Kyle (Anna) Elementary
Laurel Creek Elementary
Mundy (Nelda) Elementary
Oakbrook Elementary
Richardson (H. Glenn) Elementary
Root (Dan O.) Elementary
Sem Yeto Continuation High
Sheldon (E. Ruth) Elementary
Suisun Elementary
Suisun Valley Elementary
Sullivan (Charles L.) Middle
Tolenas Elementary
Wilson (Gale B.) Elementary


text:
Spencer Pratt Crashes The Hills Finale Party Disguised as an Old Man
Due to Spencer Pratt's recent pattern of absurd behavior, MTV was reportedly concerned about the fame-junkie showing up to their Hills finale after-party. Spencer "tricked" everyone by disguising himself as an old man—while tweeting the entire incident.
Seems to us that it's just another stunt for publicity—considering he spoiled the surprise by tweeting his every move. For example:
"Thank you LA pd for keeping my party safe!"
What "party" is he referring to? Is it the one starring Spencer, magical crystals, and whatever circus is playing in his maniacal head? We'd rather hang with the bimbos from The Hills, because they're apparently now in on the joke.
Top image via Styleite, bottom image courtesy of Spencer's personal twitter.


text:
LONDON, May 18 (UPI) -- British energy company BP announced that it ordered four new support vessels for oil development strategies in the North Sea.
BP said the new vessels would be designed specifically for operations in the North Sea.
"This is a significant investment in BP's North Sea marine capability and will bring a number of business and local benefits from late 2013 onwards," Mark Hardi, logistics manager for BP's North Sea operations, said in a statement.
BP said the vessels will give it a number of safety and commercial benefits in the region. As much as 80 percent of the project and operating costs would be spent in the Scottish and Norwegian economies, BP added.
Regional President for BP Trevor Garlick said improving his company's ability to tap into North Sea oil reserves was "crucial to the region."
Each vessel would be designed with oil spill response capability. Oil leaked from Royal Dutch Shell's Gannet platform in the North Sea in August. The release totaled around 1,300 barrels of oil, making it the largest oil spill in the region in more than a decade.
BP, in its statement, didn't outline financial specifics about the platform support vessels.


text:
Domaine Thomson 7.0Km
Domaine Thomson is a lovely guesthouse in the Ariege region of the Pyrenees, with ensuite bedrooms, huge swimming pool, outdoor terrace, free wifi, opportunities for walking, horseriding, cycling, Castles of the Cathar country, vineyard tour and winetasting. 15 mins drive Mirepoix, 1 hour drive from both Toulouse and Carcassonne airports. Open for B&B September until June; open for giant gite (sleeps 12) July and August.
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Belrepayre airstrea.. 7.0Km
BelRepayre is a property of 23ha on the top of a hill, surrounded by forest with a fantastic view of the Pyrenees Mountains. Quiet, away from it all but to much. Our passions : nature, circus and vintage vehicles. one old farm house and 12 american vintage aluminium trailer to rent. Lots of space, freedom and fun.
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Sancy 11.6Km
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Chateau de La Hille 20.1Km
Located in the beautiful and wild department of Ariege, the Château de la Hille and guesthouse charm will delight you. Visit us!
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La Maison de Sabine 20.2Km
SSabine welcomes you in a mansion from 1882 , recently renovated, in the center of the town of Lavelanet in the heart of the country of Olmes and the Cathar castles. We offer 3 guest rooms , just 15 minutes from Montsegur Castle , the center of the Cathars and 30 minutes from the family ski resort of Olmes Mountains . Relax in one of our rooms furnished with sophistication and where you will find all modern comforts . 18 m² to 30 m² each room has its own bathroom and separate wc private .
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Le GRANJOU : nid do.. 21.5Km
At the foot of the Pyrenees Cathar Ariège in a quiet, tranquil environment outdoors and in the countryside, comfortable barn with exposed beams and stones. Within a radius of 50 km, you will find plenty to occupy both on sunny days than rainy days (natural sites, prehistoric, medieval historical, cultural or sports activities). Only 3 km from Lavelanet, you'll find everything you need in everyday life. atypical house in the countryside for 4 people maximum, WE 40 / day (minimum 3 days)
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Château de Benac 21.7Km
Vous pourrez apprécier le calmOn the green road of the valley of Barguillière, in the country of the county of Foix, dices the exit(release) of the village two iron railings(bars) forged, invite you to borrow(take) the dirt track which mêne in the Castle. This house is the proprété of the family of Bellissen-Benac, before becoming some decades later hosts' house of Serge and Sylvie. You can estimate(appreciate) the peace of the place which is situated in the regional natural reserve of From the Ariège Pyrenees.e du lieu qui se situe dans le parc naturel régional des Pyrénées Ariégeoises.
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La Pourcatiero 22.4Km
"La Pourcatiero" is a charming and unique guest house with swimming pool sunny terraces and cool spots in the shade.Surounded by flowers.It has lovely and suite bedrooms.
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La Ferme de Lèdre 23.8Km
Panoramic spot overlooking the Pyrenees classified 3 keys Clévacances. Jeanne and Matthew, ducks producers, receive you in an old farmhouse completely rebuilt farm. 5 beautiful guest rooms are all equipped with private bathroom ( toilet and shower) and with TV set. A large living room- dining is dedicated to our guests: free wifi, terrace, fireplace, library and board games. Garden , enjoy the relaxation area, a bowling alley , table tennis , a swing for children and swimming in the lake Mondely 9 km away. Side table , almost garstronomique kitchen!
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Gite de Pechine 24.1Km
Pechine Is a renovated farmhouse, with a large garden and swimming pool, in a rural setting was Leze ridge Overlooking the valley, with views of the Pyrenees. We can offer Both cottage and B & B accommodation a short drive (6km) from the shops bars and restaurants of The Fossat & Artigat and community facilities THEY offer. We are able to reach Toulouse airport in under an hour and Carcassone in about 75 mins. Good road links make us an excellent base for discovering all the Ariege has to offer in both Cultural and Leisure opportunities. You can be In the High Pyrenees in one hour and the mediterranean coast in just over two. We offer a warm welcome and hope that you will enjoy your stay, however long it may be.
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Domaine du Bourdil .. 24.8Km
Two independent apartments, refurbished to a high standard, in a 16th century farmhouse with heated swimming pool. Set in 8 acres of rolling meadows on the edge of the medieval village of Chalabre in the heart of Cathar country. A countryside setting but within walking distance of a full range of village shops and restaurants. Close to Mirepoix, Lavelanet et Limoux.
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Chaumarty Chambres .. 25.1Km
2 guest rooms in a separate but adjacent to the owners' house. The view is just beautiful, open countryside and the Pyrenees in the background. Accommodation awarded by the Gîtes de France (2014 price favorite in the accommodation manager category). Free use of the public areas of the natural swimming pool. Guest meals with organic and local produce. Ability to book the guest house for a cottage by period or écogîte 9 seats
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Joli Jardin Chambre.. 26.0Km
Pretty garden Is a comfortable, home from home, where you are made very welcome during your stay in Belesta Which is a lovely area to visit with your family to explore the castles, lakes, mountains, walks, etc. ideal for cycling, motorbikes Just so much to do for all the family.
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La Ferme de Maurel .. 26.1Km
La Ferme de Maurel, gîte & bed&breakfast. 13ha of quietness, amid the beautiful rolling countryside of the Ariege. Enjoy our breathtaking panorama, overlooking the meadows and the imposing Pyrenees. It is here that we are pleased to welcome you all year-round !
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Base Calames Gite 27.0Km
Bedeilhac Et Aynat
6 bedroom house sleeping 10/12 in the beautiful Saurat valley in the heart of the Ariege. Just 5 minutes out of Tarascon-sur-Ariege with a major walking route, rock climbing area and Tour de France 'Col' right on the doorstep we are perfectly located to enjoy this outstanding area. The house is recently decorated and furnished with a new fully equipped kitchen.
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Les Chataigniers de.. 27.8Km
Housed in a renovated farm, "the chestnut of florac" has a garden and an outdoor pool (water is heated from may to October.) "The chestnut of florac" offers four guest rooms and a cottage, all labelled "4 keys vacation" welcome you all year. We also offer the host table on reservation for your evening meal where we prefer local products in a process of "locavore"!
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Al Cant de L'Aiga 28.0Km
2mn of Tarascon sur Ariège and shops, along the creek "the Courbière" Martine and Jean will be happy to share their spacious house with its park and pond, and welcome you for a night or a stay "the song of the water."
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Chambres et Table D.. 28.0Km
A good adress when you like a calm place, the pure life in the mountains, gastronomic meals, hiking. In the High season a stay of 2 nights is the minimum.
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Les Forges d'Enfali.. 28.7Km
Rabat les Trois Seigneurs
We welcome you in the middle of a park of 4 hectares, in a quiet riverside. With our central location in the Ariège Pyrenees, 1 hour from Toulouse, 1 / 4 hour and 5 km from Foix Tarascon sur Ariege, your stay will embellished with a variety of activities both cultural and sporting events. Relaxation: Sauna & Spa
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Le Jardin D'en Vie 29.4Km
Le Jardin dEn Vie... in USSAT Bed & Breakfast in the foothills of the Pyrénées, near Plateau de Beille, the perfect place to relax and find peace of mind (60/night breakfast included).
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La Genade 29.8Km
Axiat Haute Ariege
"A Room With a View". A mountain retreat in a tiny village at 900m alt. Nestled on the south flank of the Pic de St. Barthelemy, facing the Plateau de Beille, (the Tour de France), and 25min. from the telecabin for the ski station at Ax les Thermes/Les-3- Domaines. Perfectly located for all mountain sports, or a tranquil wildflower stroll.
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notre maison 5.7Km
This property offers access to a patio. This apartment has a living room and a fully equipped kitchenette. Hiking can be enjoyed nearby. Carcassonne is 50 km from notre maison, while Ax-les-Thermes is 47 km from the property.
Château de Gargas 9.2Km
Housed in a former château, this guest house is located in the Midi-Pyrénées region and 15 km from Pamiers. It offers free Wi-Fi access in public areas, a garden and an outdoor swimming pool. All the heated rooms at Château de Gargas offer a wardrobe and a fan. They also have an open-plan bathroom with a shower. Some rooms feature exposed wooden beams or a claw-foot bath. Guests are invited to have a continental breakfast every morning at Château de Gargas. Local dishes are served on request. This guest house is 55 km from Carcassonne Airport and 14 km from the A66 motorway. Free private parking is available on site.
Le Pépié 9.8Km
Charming farmhouse with four beautiful rooms; large garden with beautiful blow trees, flowers, and Plant. Nice terrace, stove, living room, breakfast room, bedroom books and a very nice bathroom.
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Le Sentier Tranquil.. 11.7Km
On the edge of a hamlet in the foothills of the Pyrenees, the gîte will sleep six in two bedrooms and mezzanine, with two bathrooms, kitchen, living/dining room and small terrace with barbecue. Recently renovated village house ; no passing traffic. Hill/forest walking around, as well as tourist sites, lake (15 min), mountain walking (30 min).
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Gites Jean Luzent 11.8Km
Saint Bauzeil
Discovery of Ariege Departement in Midi-Pyrenees Region between Toulouse and Andorra, Carcassonne and Lourdes. 3 cozy country gites in former farm house on green and sunny hillside between Pamiers and Foix. capacity 2,3,4 persons. english, français, deutsch,
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St Victor Du Fau 12.2Km
St Victor du Fau is situated in a 20-hectare nature reserve, 1 hour from Toulouse and 1h15 from Carcassonne. A working farm and eco-retreat, the 3 gites share a large chlorine-free pool, and are a perfect base for exploring the surrounding cather sites, charming medieval towns, caves and the Pyrenees. The large 12x6m pool has a retractable cover, allowing in to heat and have an extended season (comfortable temps May to October). No chlorine is used, as the water is UV filtered.
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Demeure de La Carmi.. 12.4Km
The House of Carmine is located in the bustling little town of Mirepoix. We offer rentals in the room or the entire house. The many typical shops and restaurants will delight you. The decoration of the house is refined and upscale comfort. This house completely renovated and furnished in 2015 comprises 3 levels, A private pool, steam room 2 private courtyards.
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Sancy 12.5Km
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La Maire 14.3Km
St Victor Rouzaud
Lesley and Dave Olver offer guests a warm welcome at their traditional French farmhouse nestling in over 3 acres of beautiful grounds with a 10m x 5m swimming pool in the heart of the rolling Ariege countryside with superb views of the Pyrenees. We are 20 mins from Foix and 1 hour from Toulouse.
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Gource 15.4Km
House in a green setting. Panorama sight. Service optional SPA.
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Domaine Jean Coste 15.7Km
Jean Coste is ideally situated for exploring the Languedoc and the land of the Cathars and Knights Templar. The medieval city of Carcassonne ( the largest fortified city in Europe) is just 40 minutes away.The accommodation is spacious, modern and comfortable with a relaxing atmosphere. There are extensive grounds and a secluded swimming pool.
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Domaine du Pégulier 15.9Km
Domaine du Pégulier is a haven of unspoilt countryside, tranquillity and light. This 18th century manor is situated in a park with a heated swimming-pool that is ideal for relaxing amidst-centuries-old trees. A pleasant house in an outstanding setting.
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Terres de Barréjat 16.1Km
Cazals des Bayles
Lands within Barréjat, Nadine and Stephen moved to your enjoyment of beautiful comfortable rooms warmly decorated. Here you can enjoy the tranquility of the place and the beauty of the Pyrenean Mountains. Cosmopolitan or local, the table is generous and local products have a special place. Want to relax, come and relax on the spacious wooden beaches of our pool. . Soon, Nadine
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Domaine de la Trill.. 16.1Km
Sainte Foi
In a renovated farmhouse on an estate of 100 hectares with a breeding of sport horses and a herd of cows limousines we offer 5 guest rooms approved Gites de France 3 ears Located 3 km from the medieval town of Mirepoix in the heart of the paint Cathar, walks, visits to castles and restaurants are at your disposal
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Château de Fajac La.. 16.2Km
Welcome to the Castle Fajac Selve, a castle in Pastel unusual charm, between Carcassonne and Toulouse, in the heart of an area of 14 acres of parkland, meadows and forest. Discover his mind and his bohemian lifestyle ... Oh ! Walking barefoot in the dew of the morning, indulge in relaxing by the pool in the old cloister, make long walks in the forest trails of the Castle, go hunting for wild orchids, dreaming on the edge of the pond in the unreal light of the moon ... The Fajac Selve air has a scent like no other ... Some say the fairies have taken up residence. Others, more daring still, tell that here, on this hill, that the moon fell in love with the Earth. You decide ...
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Domaine de la Borde 17.2Km
Domaine de la Borde is a family hotel located in Plavilla, a 9-minute drive from the centre of Mirepoix. It offers an outdoor pool, free Wi-Fi acces, a shared living room and a garden with a children?s playground. All rooms are individually decorated and feature a wardrobe. Some have a balcony with garden views. Guests have access to 2 shared bathrooms. A continental breakfast is served every morning at Domaine de la Borde. Meals prepared by the hosts can also be enjoyed at an extra cost. There is also a shared kitchen with dishwasher. This property offers free parking and BBQ facilities. Free bikes are available on site.
Mi-rené 17.5Km
Come and enjoy a lovely holiday and discover a peaceful country near Mirepoix, medieval town between Carcassonne and the Pyrenees. You are welcomed by Rose-Marie and René at Mi-René and they will make your stay unforgetable in their authentically restaured guest house by taking care of you in many aspects and by guiding you through the cathar country. Be our guest !!
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Domaine de Vernioll.. 17.5Km
Our cottages the "Lime" and "Willow" open their doors throughout the year, to stay quiet, facing the Pyrenees and the private lake in the middle of the countryside in the heart of Cathar country . A little piece of paradise to discover with family or friends, halfway between Carcassonne and Toulouse, between the Pyrenees and the Montagne Noire. Renovated in an authentic style, while emphasizing comfort, our cottages each have a private pool. Classified 3 ears Gites Gites in France.
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Château de Nassaure 17.9Km
Two-room cottage recently renovated main part of the castle, with independent entrance courtyard, terrace and free access to the park of more than 3 hectares planted centuries old cedars and oaks. Comfort. 1 to 3 people. Ideal location to put together a holiday exploring the region SE of Toulouse (35 minutes), 45 minutes from Carcassonne, 1h30 from Andorra and Mediterranean beaches. Mérovigien Museum, local events (festivals, medieval concerts ...), the three lakes of Domaine des Oiseaux - fishing, migratory Observatory, tours and excursions, gourmet restaurant, Cathar castles and country houses around.
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Les Chambres de l'A.. 18.2Km
"La Guyanaise", "Le chemin des Oliviers," and "Iaorana" Our three large and comfortable rooms have their own bathroom and toilet independent. Each is different, large beds, shower or bath, dry towels, well soundproofed.
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Chambre d'Hôtes de .. 18.3Km
This B&B is situated in Saint-Pierre-de-Rivière in the Midi-Pyrénées region, just 5 km from central Foix. It is set within a garden and guests are invited to relax on the terrace. Chambre d?Hôtes de St Pierre de Rivière offers an apartment with a private entrance, a seating area and a TV. It also includes towels, bed linen and an en suite bathroom with a shower. Breakfast can be enjoyed every morning at the B&B and the apartment includes a kitchenette equipped with a refrigerator, an oven and a dining area. Free private parking is available on site and the B&B is located in the Pyrénées Ariégeoises Regional Nature Park. Foix Train Station is 5.8 km away and Pamiers is 25 km from the B&B.
Le Montgranier 18.5Km
In a quiet and restful environment, within a former(ancient) renewed house,2 spacious rooms(chambers), with shower, TOILETS, private washbasin, TV and the free internet both having a personality and a decoration(set) different. Lounge(show) relaxation reserved for the hosts with television set, numerous books on the Ariège, the diverse games(sets).
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Le Moulinet 18.6Km
We offer 5 guest rooms, 1 apartment for 6 people or a cottage for 21 people. From Le Moulinet, you can visit the medieval cities (Mirepoix, Foix, Carcassonne, ...), the Cathar castles (Montsegur, Roquefixade, Puivert, Lagarde, ...), with prehistoric sites and caves Niaux Mas of Azil well as Prehistoric Park. You can also practice many sporting activities (hiking, Bike riding, skiing, karting, water sports on Lake Montbel neighbor). For children: Farm tours buffalo, reptiles and butterflies, an afternoon in the trees with tree climbing or even the discovery of forgotten trades with forges Pyrene and down the underground river Labouiche
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Les Sapins 18.9Km
A 1930's villa converted into a light and airy chambres d'hote, Les Sapins is conveniently situated south of Foix (7 min) and not far from the N20 (3 min). This is ideal for those travelling to Andorra & Spain but it also makes it a handy base for those who wish to explore the many natural & tourist sites of Ariege. The famous cave at Niaux is just 20 minutes away & the outstanding Forges de Pyrene museum is only down the road. There are numerous outdoor activities within easy reach and the area abounds with footpaths. Foix has many restaurants catering for most tastes, including vegetarian.
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Le Petit Lezard 18.9Km
Located just 50 minutes from Carcassonne Airport, situated in the beautiful Ariège. We offer two beautiful newly decorated double ensuite twin bedded rooms. Breakfast is served in your room or on the terrace. With a lake nearby and plenty of mountains there is lots to see and do.
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Mirabeau 19.3Km
Room of 12 m2 with 2 people in bed log home, ecological and bio climate. Room or mattress for one to two child (ren). Quiet location, natural environment, large garden with donkeys. Depart pedestrian walks. Possibility of meals (local and organic produce).
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Les Coteaux du bien.. 20.8Km
Offering an outdoor swimming pool and a spa and wellness centre, Les Coteaux du bien-être offers B&B accommodation in Saint-Martin-d?Oydes. Free WiFi access is available. The bedrooms come with ironing facilities and a private bathroom with a shower, a hairdryer and free toiletries. They also have a flat-screen TV and tea/coffee making facilities. At Les Coteaux du bien-être you can also play tennis, darts and billiards. Other facilities offered at the property include a shared lounge and a library. An array of activities can be enjoyed on site or in the surroundings, including fishing and hiking. Guests can request packed lunches and barbecue facilities are also available. Evening meals can be taken upon request. Toulouse-Blagnac Airport is 52 km away. The property offers free parking.
Camping de La Besse 21.5Km
Camping de la Besse is situated on a hill at the edge of the Aude and the Ariege, in the heart of the Cathar Pyrenees meet.
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La Ferme de Galache 21.6Km
Offering a seasonal outdoor swimming pool and free Wi-Fi, La Ferme de Galache is set on 7-acre grounds featuring horses, sheep, pigs, chickens and ducks. It is located 5 km from Saverdun Train Station. The bedrooms at this 19th-century former farm will provide you with a TV and mountain views. The private bathrooms come with a hairdryer. At La Ferme de Galache you will also find a shared lounge with a library. An array of activities can be enjoyed on site, including billiards and fishing. Breakfast includes fresh pastries, yoghurt, bread, homemade jam and fruit juices, and eggs and bacon are also available at an extra cost. Diner is also available upon request and reservation, and includes wine, coffee and fresh produce from the farm. Mirepoix is 25 km from the B&B and guests can enjoy playing tennis or visiting a birds? farm 1 km away. There is free parking on site.
Domaines Las Capela.. 22.2Km
Against the boxes of the Pyrenees, discover our area, swimming pool, playground. . its calm and its decorations. 30 minutes from Carcassonne and its famous medieval city.
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Le Paradoxe des Pyr.. 22.5Km
Location house / Guest room / Organisation of activities / Guide : for an extraordinary vacation and exeptional holiday
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Chambres d'hotes de.. 23.2Km
Our Bed and Breakfast is situated in the Pyrenees, at the heart of the Cathars region, in a small village in the hills, near the Lake of Montbel. Our Guesthouse, a restored ancient house, is surrounded by a big garden.
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Le Paradoxe des Pyr.. 23.3Km
Location house / Guest room / Organisation of activities / Guide : an extraordinary vacation and exeptional holiday
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Château Bel Aspect 23.6Km
Aude, midway between Toulouse and Carcassonne, the Château Bel Aspect invites you to discover its two cottages exception. In a cottage over 140m, they are in one of the outbuildings; ensuring the most complete tranquility ..
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Le Tresor 24.1Km
A region of Mediterranean culture, Languedoc-Roussillon is characterized by its way of life. We invite you to discover yourself, and enjoy an unforgettable stay. . . We have four bedrooms, one suite, all decorated for you to make your stay as pleasant as possible.
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Chez Maison Bleue 24.2Km
On the border of The Languedoc and Midi Pyrenees, lands of sunshine, mountains and castles...beautifully restored gite and b&b, 50 minutes south of Carcassonne. Do as much or as little as you wish; our ancient house nestling in the foothills of the Pyrenees offers a rural retreat for adventure seekers, nature lovers, romantics and families.
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Saint Henri 24.4Km
Set on a 35-hectare park, Saint Henri?s unique bungalows are located less than 40 minutes by car from both Carcassonne and Toulouse. The property is for adults only and barbecues are provided for free. Specially created by an Italian designer, these bungalows provide a terrace overlooking the tree-lined park. There is a private bathroom and a kitchenette including a microwave, stove and fridge. A breakfast is served every morning. Popular activities in the surroundings include hiking, cycling and canoeing. The property offers free private parking and it is 60 km from Blagnac Airport.
Domaine de Piquotal.. 24.6Km
Ideally situated, 15kms/9 miles from Mirepoix, 21 kms/13 miles from Limoux, and 45 kms/28 miles from Carcassonne, right in the heart of Cathare country, and 1400 feet above sea level, Piquotalen, with its 1500 square metres/1800 square yards of meadows and woods, offers the ideal holiday destination for those wishing to escape the hurly burly and stress of everyday life in order to find peace, calm and the opportunity to relax. The farmhouse currently boasts 3 bedrooms (The Cathare, the Vigneronne and the Pyrenees) each with an en suite shower room. There is also a patio which catches the sun and we and our friendly animals (4 horses and 3 donkeys) as well as wild boar, deer and badgers, will do our best to make you feel at home. Piquotalen offers a warm welcome to individuals, families and groups throughout the year and is also suitable for seminars and other activities.
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Chaumarty Ecogite 25.1Km
Idyllic facing the Pyrenees, very quiet and preserved. Hamlet renovated according to the principles of green building. Easily accessible from Toulouse, he is in the country at the end of a path. The place is ideal to gather friends and family around large tables. Classified 3 ears Gites de France, labeled Ecogîte often recognized in the press for its approach to the environment. On site, natural swimming pond, animals, walks opportunities.
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The Gîte Domaine de.. 25.5Km
Les Rougeous
The ESTATE OF ROUJOUX is the ultimate location for any holiday! You need not look any further. TRANQUILITY and ESCAPISIM GUARANTEED! Walks. Barbecue. Heated swimming pool with a stunning view. GOLF COURSE. Between the Mediterranean and the Pyrenees, this Cathare area waits to accomodate you very soon in this haven of peace. 8/10 people, 4 bedrooms , 2 bathrooms.
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Domaine de Monginau.. 26.2Km
guest quietly at the foot of pyrénnées
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Domaine des Espinas.. 26.4Km
The eDomaine of Espnassieres offers 3 cottages and a small airstream caravan with pool and jacuzzi 1h Andorra and 30 minutes from Ax les Thermes .. Well known for its prehistoric cave and climbing wall Bédeilhac is a pretty village . Domaine is also the Nostalgia 60s memories ..... memories ..
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Le Moulin de La Gan.. 26.6Km
Between Toulouse and Carcassonne, are offered the authenticity and the peace of our rooms(chambers) big comfort, of which to spend unforgettable holidays at the heart of the Country Lauragais. Then do not look any more and come to relax, near the Cathar country. The luxury it is to have the choice rather Idleness, excursions, hikes(rides), sport (on the spot boating center *, path(way) mountain bike) Equitation, and our beautiful Canal du Midi in 10min, well on bathing in the lake has some steps! For the nomads: sea or pyrénnées and Black Mountain at only 1 am. Laëtitia and his(her) small family are made an enjoyment welcome you in the Mill of Ganguise, the breakfast prepared with local products is a real delight and you can choose to eat at the family table or on your privative terrace!
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Château de St Miche.. 26.6Km
Nearby Toulouse and Carcassonne, this XVIIIth century chateau is the ideal place for a romantical or familial stay and discover traditional french gentlemen's art of life... Three large, sunny, poetic and comfortable rooms are offered. Personnal welcome by the viscount's family.
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Joli Jardin Maison .. 26.8Km
In the village of Belesta, in part of a renovated 18th century coaching inn, just 20 minutes from Mirepoix, Chateau de Montsegur and Lake Montbel is our self catering apartment / cottage for 6 persons.Ideally situated for discovering the Cathar country and all its history. Quiet, safe, picturesque with magnificent mountains and lakes, all making a lovely holiday for you. Three large bedrooms and a TV lounge on the 1st floor and on the ground floor has good size equipped kitchen, a shower room and separate wc.
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La Tour Cathare 26.9Km
Fougax et Barrineuf
Newly renovated Bed and Breakfast situated in the Midi-Pyrenees. It is ideal for cycling, walking, skiing and much more. There are activites to suit everyone throughout the year.
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Oh ! Les beaux jour.. 27.0Km
Fougax et Barrineuf
At the foot of the Cathar castle of Montsegur, where the river flows have been built five spacious rooms in a large stone house. All beds are equipped with comfortable blankets mohair from Angora goats raised on site
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Domaine La Bordeneu.. 27.3Km
At the heart of the country Lauragais, halfway between Toulouse and Carcassonne and 800m from Lake Ganguise, we offer 2 guest rooms and 1 cottage in authentic charm and perfectly integrated into the farmhouse set in the heart of a 10 ha with swimming pool 10x4. Our region is filled with wealth and well suited to everyone's taste: a great playground (sailing, mountain biking,hiking, walks along the Canal du Midi, ...), historical heritage (Cathar castles, abbeys), culinary specialties (cassoulet) and entertainment (local festivals, fairs, markets).
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Gite de La Cote 27.5Km
3 room apartment on the ground floor in a house owner. Facing fully equipped independent sud.Cuisine. Large living room, sitting area (sofa bed, TV, DVD player. Shower cabin, WC. Bedroom 2 places bed (cot upon request). Covered patio, parking, swimming pool.
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Laval-Bassette Mais.. 27.6Km
A farmhouse in the hills Lauragais hidden half-wild landscape. An environment of quiet and nature. The charm of old buildings kept intact. A way of life that combines comfort and amazing nature. Private artificial lake at 500 m. A 6 km Castelnaudary. The lodge No. 232 called "Peter's house" has 6 beds, open view, isolation of the other lodging, a level of comfort ranked 3 ears by the Gites de France.
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Les Phoenix 27.9Km
SYLVIE offers four guest rooms and a cottage on the mountain pass port at the entrance to Tarascon sur Ariege. A mountainside with a beautiful view of the Pic 3 Lords, you calm and relaxation assuré.Nous offer 3 double and a room for families. The cottage has a capacity of 3 to 5 people with a southern exposure.
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La Petite école 28.0Km
Grant for yourself a few days to the paradise: reserve your room of hosts in Rivel !
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Lo Barri 28.4Km
Ideally situated in a small village, 20 mn from Toulouse and 35 minutes from Carcassonne, LO BARRI is a mansion of the 19th century entirely renovated with a park, overlooking the Pyrenees and the countryside Lauragaise. The three rooms with private bath and toilet are each decorated in a different atmosphere with the same attention to detail. Depending on the season, the gourmet breakfasts are served on the terrace or in the large living room with fireplace. Moments sports or relaxation, Lo Barri offers many activities and the possibility of a weekend "to measure".
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Chambre D'Hôtes du .. 28.7Km
While an apartment of 50m² guest room on the ground floor with private entrance.
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Gîte Lotus du Clos .. 28.7Km
A 2 km from Tarascon, quiet, detached house of 40m² for 2/3 personnes.De level, not overlooked, private parking, fenced and wooded, very comfortable, wi-fi.
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Gîte La Treille Du .. 28.7Km
Ariege, the closed Pradals includes 3 gites and trellis hôtes.La room is a bungalow for 2 people 50m² in a fenced area with trees 2600m².
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fleur de capucine 29.0Km
We offer you a nice apartment with a nice quiet and spacious room, a bathroom with large shower and separate WC, lounge and covered terrace. To help organize your stay the apartment also has a fully equipped kitchen.
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le lézard vert 29.2Km
A comfortable holiday cottage with a delightful garden located in the historical Rue du Moulin of Le Mas d'Azil, a mediaeval village of about 1000 inhabitants.
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"le Rêve de Sophie" 29.2Km
Sophie welcomes you to his old winery in the vineyards and the breathtaking view of the Pyrenees and the famous peak of Bugarach. spacious rooms in cozy country style with their adjoining private bathrooms. Private parking, garden, terrace, spa, bicycles ...
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Maison De Vacances .. 29.4Km
Catering 2 star Atout France, located at the end of the village 1km away from the cave on the banks of the Arize. Area of 210 m2 on 3 levels (2 floors and a basement) with 2 glass verandas, 2 terraces with garden overlooking the river Arize. Shops, restaurants, post office, pharmacy procimité. For leisure: municipal swimming pool, tennis, cave and museum, Xploria, Hiking Biking and walking, step of the way of Saint Jacques de Compostella.
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6 Rond Point Du Man.. 29.6Km
Ussat Les Bains
A beautiful house in the city, Ornalac Ussat Les Bains With 3 Room: Bedroom 1: double bed Bedroom 2: 2 sample bed Bedroom 3: UnDouble bed and read a sample
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La Petite Maison Da.. 30.0Km
Only per week : Pretty and pleasant maisonette (very clean), living room, kitchen, bathroom, wc, two bedrooms, well equipped, nicely decorated in idyllic (38,000 m² park) with pool and jacuzzi. 2 facials offered for rent a week (summer). Care for one week extended weekend (half season, three nights)
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text:
Yes, it could potentially be made slightly shorter... but I like the straightforward clarity of the above. An advantage of the above approach is that it would work for almost any stack pattern -- including things that don't fit the ".push( fn(.pop) )" model. For example, to add a 'say' operator that displays the top value of the stack (without removing it):
'say' => {
.[*-1].say }
I can also imagine functions that rotate or swap the top N operands, or the like. Trying to wedge those into


text:
U.S. businesses are being hurt by a plethora of bad patents. That, at least, is the view of major software and IT firms that suffer from a storm of infringement suits—and must fight an uphill battle to prove any patent is invalid.
According to longstanding legal doctrine, invalidity must be proved by more than just a preponderance of evidence. The party asserting that a patent is invalid must prove its case by clear and convincing evidence.
This high standard properly defers to the expertise of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), the courts have explained.If the agency has determined a patent is valid, its well-informed opinion should not be rejected lightly.
But what if a defendant uncovers evidence of invalidity that the USPTO did not consider? The defendant still must satisfy the clear and convincing standard, the Federal Circuit held in its 1983 ruling, Connell v. Sears, Roebuck & Co.
That rule was put in jeopardy in late 2010 when the Supreme Court granted certiorari in Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Ltd. Experts widely expected the court would weaken the clear and convincing standard, at least for evidence not considered by the USPTO.
"That would have drastically altered patent infringement litigation," says Christopher Larus, a partner in Robins, Kaplan, Miller & Ciresi. "It would have substantially undercut the value of patents and made the ability to enforce those patents much more unsure."
But that didn't happen. When the Supreme Court handed down its decision June 9, it unanimously upheld the existing clear and convincing standard.
The ruling was a major victory for supporters of strong patent rights, including chemical, biotech and pharmaceutical firms. And it was a big blow to Microsoft and other large IT firms. But it wasn't a total defeat because the ruling suggests some significant new limits on the clear and convincing standard.
Growing Problem
The lawsuit began as just another infringement suit brought against a major IT firm. A small, Canadian firm, i4i, filed suit in 2007 alleging that Microsoft infringed its patent on a software editing tool within Microsoft Word 2003 and 2007.
Microsoft claimed i4i's patent was invalid because the Canadian firm had violated the on-sale bar, 35 USC §102(b); more than one year before i4i had filed for its U.S. patent, i4i's predecessor company had sold software in the U.S. incorporating the claimed invention.
Because the USPTO hadn't known this, Microsoft argued, the clear and convincing standard should not apply. The district court rejected this argument. In 2009, a jury found Microsoft guilty of willful infringement and awarded i4i $240 million.
Microsoft appealed to the Federal Circuit, but the panel upheld the Connell rule—that the clear and convincing standard applies to all evidence of invalidity. And because of interest, the amount Microsoft owed grew to $290 million.
The company appealed again, and the Supreme Court granted certiorari. Many experts anticipated the high court would overturn Connell because it established a bright-line standard in patent cases, and the Supreme Court had repeatedly rejected such inflexible patent standards in recent years. Moreover, the Supreme Court had undermined the rationale of Connell. The court stated in the 2007 case of KSR Int'l Co. v. Teleflex Inc. that when evidence of invalidity has not been considered by the USPTO, "the rationale underlying the presumption [of validity]—that the USPTO, in its expertise, has approved the claim—seems much diminished."
Standard Upheld
When the case reached the Supreme Court, however, things went wrong again for Microsoft. The solicitor general, whose opinion often influences the high court, came out in favor of the clear and convincing standard. Microsoft shifted its legal argument and pushed for a bigger change in the law, which many observers say hurt the company's case (see "Shifting Gears").
In the end, the Supreme Court upheld the existing clear and convincing standard by a vote of 8-0. (Chief Justice John Roberts, who owns Microsoft stock, recused himself from the case.)
Writing for eight members of the court, Justice Sonia Sotomayor noted there were policy arguments for and against the clear and convincing standard—including the argument mentioned in KSR—but concluded that the judiciary could not address these arguments. "Congress specified the applicable standard of proof in 1952 when it codified the common-law presumption of patent validity," Justice Sotomayor wrote. "Any recalibration of the standard of proof remains in its hands."
Justice Sotomayor, however provided a caveat. If evidence of invalidity was not considered by the USPTO, the agency's "considered judgment may lose significant force." So a jury can be instructed that such new evidence makes it easier for a challenger to satisfy its burden of providing clear and convincing proof of invalidity.
Such instructions are unlikely to have much effect, according to many experts, because juries often misunderstand the clear and convincing standard. "Simply because there's a dispute over validity, the jury may conclude the evidence is not clear [and wrongly uphold a patent's validity]," says Prof. Joshua Sarnoff of DePaul University College of Law.
Alternative Measure
Justice Stephen Breyer added another wrinkle. He wrote, in a concurrence joined by two other Justices, that the clear and convincing standard applies only to questions of fact, such as "when a product was first sold or whether a prior art reference had been published." The clear and convincing standard, he declared, is not used when one applies the law to given facts, such as whether the facts show an invention is novel or nonobvious.
"The majority did not contradict this," says Prof. Rochelle Dreyfuss of NYU School of Law, so lower courts may attempt to limit the clear and convincing standard to purely factual issues concerning invalidity. That, however, will be difficult to do, according to Dreyfuss. "Separating legal from factual issues will be a real bear."
Rather than have juries struggle with the proper application of the clear and convincing standard, experts anticipate that an increasing number of businesses will assert their invalidity challenges in inter partes re-examinations. These administrative proceedings are conducted before the USPTO and are decided by a simple preponderance of evidence.
However, these proceedings allow a patentee to repeatedly modify its patent claims so as to avoid claims of invalidity. This moves "the goal posts in a way you can't in litigation," says Prof. Arti Rai of Duke University School of Law. As a result, these administrative proceedings can run for "years and years," she explains. "It takes even longer than trial court litigation."


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How We Test: Smartphones
A recent Nielsen report stated that smartphones account for a quarter of the US mobile phone market in 2010, and that share is only expected to continue to grow. So what exactly is a smartphone? Mobile phones that offer advanced capabilities along the lines of computing - like Internet browsing and email. They run on operating systems, the same way your computer does, so you can run a host of applications to create and edit documents, manage finances, and more. We tested a few of the most popular models from the leading providers, AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, and T-Mobile and included a few from Nokia, which are available from various providers.
In our Consumer Electronics and Engineering Lab we checked the phones for ease of use and portability, including size, thickness, and weight. We poured over the manuals to make sure they were helpful and comprehensive and called each phone company to see what kind of customer service it offered. Of course we also assessed performance: How long does the battery last? How well can you hear others and how well can they hear you? Are the pictures and videos on the display clear and the text easy to read? How well does the camera work and how fast can you connect to and search on the Web. And as we do with all electrical devices, we made sure they were UL listed to ensure they meet safety requirements. And as we're experts and tech savvy, we called on a consumer panel to help us determine how easy it will be for you to use the phones and how comfortable they feel in the hand and up against the ear.
Some of the surprising results:
- Android was the preferential choice of operating system, beating the iPhone and Blackberry platforms.
- Many of the winning phones were touch-enabled, though a majority of testers commented that they didn't like virtual keyboards and preferred physical ones.
And some of the less shocking results:
- Price was a relatively good determinant of how the devices performed.
- All of the phones required a learning curve for consumers, with the exception of devices they were already familiar with. Even individuals who consider themselves tech-savvy were stumped by many of the phones.
If you're on the market for a smartphone or just want to find out the performance of the latest phones, check out the recent Good Housekeeping Research Institute review of smartphones.


text:
WASHINGTON — Maryland health officials who learned of a potential link between a spinal steroid shot and cases of fungal meningitis waited nearly a week before alerting the general public.
State epidemiologist David Blythe said in an interview this week that officials delayed notifying the entire state in order to gather and present as much information as possible.
He said the notification delay posed no harm to the public since the state immediately alerted the seven clinics that were distributing the shots to make sure they stopped using them.
Blythe presented a timeline of the state's response while appearing before a legislative committee in November. A copy of his prepared remarks was obtained by The Associated Press.
There have been 25 cases of meningitis reported so far in Maryland, including two deaths.


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Weddings get personal
Celebrant Lynda Payne has conducted goth weddings, married couples in the middle of forests and performed a viking ceremony.
There really is no limit to the weird and wonderful ways couples can tie the knot.
Payne even goes undercover for surprise weddings.
"I have got a masquerade ball coming up ... I am actually going to be part of the entertainment, people (will) think I am a hypnotist and I am going to ask for volunteers to come down to the front and they are actually going to be the witnesses," Victoria-based Payne says.
"I love exciting weddings ... I enjoy a challenge, I love things that are different.
"I did a wedding in a labyrinth, it was deep in a forest, these people were tree-huggers and the trees were all decorated, we did some pagan ceremonies in it as well."
She has conducted a wedding on the back of a steam train, married a couple out in the middle of a remote 226,000 hectare property and even conducted a ceremony as a cyclone came roaring in.
"The heavens opened, we all got drenched, we ran inside and did the ceremony and ran off," she says.
Even though celebrants are not wedding planners, conducting a non-traditional wedding requires a lot of research, Payne says.
For a Viking wedding, where the couple followed the pre-Christian indigenous faith of the Norse peoples - Asatru - Payne did hours of research.
"It was very, very interesting, I had to research rituals that they did, I had to research how we could incorporate their religious side with the legal side," she says.
There is a trend away from traditional weddings, head wedding planner at Staging Connections, Anthony Del Col, says, with couples opting for personalised civil ceremonies or themed weddings.
"Halloween is a popular one that pops up every year (they may want) a gothic theme or black and orange, pumpkins in the middle of the table," says Del Col, who will be exhibiting at the annual Ultimate Wedding Planning Party to be held in Sydney on September 15.
"Some people will even go to the extent of doing a Star Wars theme wedding, it's not for everyone obviously, it is for light-hearted characters.
"There is no limit to what people can do when it comes to their wedding day."
The most important part of a themed wedding is choosing the right venue.
"The venue or location plays a huge part in helping you create that feel ... if you want a garden-themed wedding you are not going to do it in a ballroom," Del Col says.
"You can do an Alice in Wonderland theme where you are set up in a garden with multi-coloured chairs and coloured tea cups."
Top wedding trends
* 1 in 4 Australians opt for traditional church wedding.
* Gardens are the most popular location for Australians to tie the knot, followed by the beach.
* In the 1970s, 85 per cent of weddings took place in churches. This figure dropped to 35 per cent in 2010.
* In 2003 there were 3500 civil marriage celebrants in Australia, now there are over 10,000.
* Women are less likely to choose a religious venue than men.
* Women worry more than men about rain on their wedding day but men are more worried than women when it comes to drunken guests.
* Rain, drunken guests or family disagreements are more likely to upset a bride and groom than the celebrant pronouncing their names incorrectly.
*Source: survey of 1,500 people conducted by PureProfile, commissioned by Australian Marriage Celebrants.
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text:
Alaska Coast Range Region > Chugach Mountains > South Suicide Peak > Climber's Log
South Suicide Peak Climber's Log
[ Sign the Climber's Log ]
|Matt Lemke
|Fun hike
Date Climbed: May 22, 2016
|Via rabbit creek... Not much snow for may!!!
|Posted Jun 8, 2016 4:55 pm
|South from NW Ridge
Date Climbed: May 23, 2016
|Nice sunny day from Rabbit creek and the NW ridge. I saw one Dall Sheep and a grown man in capris; overall a great day.
|Posted May 23, 2016 7:52 pm
|Traverse from Rainbow to S. Suicide
Date Climbed: May 10, 2015
|Solo traverse up Rainbow and across the ridge toward S.Suicide. Turned back due to weather somewhere above McHugh Lake. Personally, I thought the ridge was mostly ridge-walking with a couple 4th class sections if you stick to the ridge.
|Posted Aug 19, 2015 3:03 am
|White Out
Date Climbed: Oct 8, 1999
|Fun hike up falls creek to the top of South Suicide in rain at the bottoma and a white out near the top.
|Posted Feb 8, 2013 5:43 pm
|Twice in 2011
|Climbed twice in the summer of 2011. First time from Falls Creek, easy route but a lot of elevation gain. Second time with Galen Johnston via Rabbit Creek, were planning on just climbing North Suicide but decided to head up South Suicide first from Windy Gap.
|Posted Aug 20, 2012 10:01 pm
|S Suicide Peak
Date Climbed: Jun 17, 2012
|Climbed via NW shoulder above McHugh Lake.
|Posted Jul 22, 2012 3:22 pm
|various times
|I climbed S. Suicide first in '01 from McHugh Lake and up to the SW ridge. Also, I've come in from N. Suicide and Windy Gap a couple times. But, the classic route is from Falls Creek via the SE ridge, which is easy but gives you a good workout. 5000+ feet of elevation gain from trailhead to summit.
I've heard that the W. Face has some technical routes on it and I'd like to give it a try sometime soon.
|Posted Jun 26, 2012 12:48 pm
|South Suicide
Date Climbed: Aug 30, 2010
|Climbed with Jae Shin via Rabbit Lake, McHugh Lake route
|Posted Sep 6, 2010 11:16 pm
|chugach mtn boy
|Various trips
|My first time on the summit was probably about 2005, a summer trip with my daughters and Nick Bolerud. I have also done (and enjoyed) South Suicide's subsidiary, Peak 3960,which is mentioned in the text.
|Posted May 9, 2010 3:40 am
|Steve Gruhn
|Four times
|I first climbed South Suicide Peak in late June 1985 via Rabbit Lake, McHugh Lake, McHugh Creek, and the west ridge. I descended to Windy Gap and ascended North Suicide Peak. My partner was Doug Hamilton.
My second ascent of South Suicide Peak was on March 23, 2002, from Falls Creek and the descent was down the west ridge to Rainbow Peak. It was a Mountaineering Club of Alaska trip led by Dave Hart and Karen Herzenberg. Other participants were Tom Choate, Bryan Carey, Carol Jewell, Joe Pulver, and Laron Thomas.
My third ascent of South Suicide Peak was on April 11, 2003, from Falls Creek with a descent back down Falls Creek. I did this climb solo.
My fourth ascent of South Suicide Peak was in a blizzard on April 5, 2008. I led a Mountaineering Club of Alaska trip up Falls Creek to the summit and down the west ridge to Rainbow Peak. Trip participants who reached the summits included Theo Hunt, Mark Kimerer, Tim Harper, Ellen Murphy, Grant Cain, Trevor Scott, and Leslie Robbins.
|Posted May 8, 2010 6:17 pm


text:
Philly police arrest man suspected in Craigslist killing
Thomas Coffee, 23, posed as someone selling a vehicle, then shot the potential buyer in the face
By Sulaiman Abdur-Rahman
The Philadelphia Inquirer
PHILADELPHIA — The alleged killer of a South Jersey man who had traveled to Philadelphia late Friday night in response to a Craigslist ad for an all-terrain vehicle has an extensive arrest history for alleged unlawful gun possession and violent crime, according to court records.
Police have charged Thomas Coffee, 23, of Willow Grove, with murder and weapons offenses in the death of Daniel Cooke, 27, of Williamstown, Gloucester County.
Cooke went to West Oak Lane about 11 p.m. with two friends to see the advertised ATV, police said. Coffee identified himself to Cooke as the seller of the vehicle and directed him to walk down the 1400 block of East Walnut Lane to inspect it, police said. As Cooke did so, Coffee shot him, police said.
Cooke was pronounced dead at the scene at 11:23 p.m. Police said he had been shot in the left side of the face, but they did not disclose the type of gun used.
On Victory Avenue, a quiet street in a woodsy area of Williamstown with pickup trucks parked in gravel driveways and a lake at the end of the road, a woman who answered the door at the home of Cooke's parents Sunday afternoon said his mother "was a wreck right now."
Cooke "always had a smile for everyone," said the woman, who identified herself as a family friend and did not give her name.
"Danny," she said, was a "goofball" who enjoyed doing mechanic work and car racing with his father -- "his devotion with his dad," she said.
His mother "was his best friend," she said. "He was beautiful, in every sense of the word. . . . He will be truly, truly missed."
Neighbor Jim Grierson said Cooke worked for Core Mechanical, a heating and air-conditioning company in Pennsauken. Representatives of the company could not be reached.
Court records show Coffee's life has been one of repeated run-ins with law enforcement.
He pleaded guilty in August 2009 to providing false identification to a police officer and criminal conspiracy theft in connection with a November 2008 burglary in Montgomery County, according to court records. He was sentenced to 23 days to 23 months in jail and placed on probation for a year, according to records. They say Coffee was paroled from the bench.
In February 2009, Coffee was arrested on burglary charges for a 2006 incident in Philadelphia. According to court records, those charges were withdrawn. So were charges of armed robbery and simple assault that Philadelphia police brought against him in May 2009, records state.
In July 2010, Coffee was arrested again in Philadelphia on charges of armed robbery and simple assault. The matter is closed, according to records that provide no details on that disposition.
In January 2011, Coffee was sentenced to a minimum of 168 days in prison, court records show. Details regarding that imprisonment were not immediately available.
At the time of his latest arrest, Coffee was living on the 1900 block of Lukens Avenue in Willow Grove and was known to own an ATV, one neighbor said. The woman, who did not want her name published out of concern for her safety, said a SWAT team descended on the usually quiet street about 10 a.m. Saturday to take Coffee into custody and tow away two vehicles.
"It was scary to see the SWAT team with rifles drawn and the protection vests," she said. "I am still shaking."
Law enforcement officials warn that criminals are increasingly using online marketing schemes to lure victims and then attack those would-be buyers.
Officials from Craigslist, based in San Francisco, did not respond to requests for comment.
Copyright 2013 The Philadelphia Inquirer
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