text: The programmers of old were mysterious and profound. We cannot fathom their thoughts, so all we do is describe their appearance. Aware, like a fox crossing the water. Alert, like a general on the battlefield. Kind, like a hostess greeting her guests. Simple, like uncarved blocks of wood. Opaque, like black pools in darkened caves. Who can tell the secrets of their hearts and minds? The answer exists only in the Tao. -- Geoffrey James, "The Tao of Programming" BROAD OUTLINE SBCL is derived from the 18b version of CMU CL. Most of CMU CL was originally written as part of the CMU Common Lisp project at Carnegie Mellon University. According to the documentation in CMU CL 18b, Organizationally, CMU Common Lisp was a small, mostly autonomous part within the Mach operating system project. The CMU CL project was more of a tool development effort than a research project. The project started out as Spice Lisp, which provided a modern Lisp implementation for use in the CMU community. and CMU CL has been under continuous development since the early 1980's (concurrent with the Common Lisp standardization effort.) Apparently most of the CMU Common Lisp implementors moved on to work on the Gwydion environment for Dylan. CMU CL's CLOS implementation is derived from the PCL reference implementation written at Xerox PARC. CMU CL's implementation of the LOOP macro was derived from code from Symbolics, which was derived from code from MIT. CMU CL had many individual author credits in the source files. In the sometimes-extensive rearrangements which were required to make SBCL bootstrap itself cleanly, it was tedious to try keep such credits attached to individual source files, so they have been moved here instead. Bill Newman <email@example.com> did this transformation, and so any errors made are probably his. Corrections would be appreciated. MORE DETAILS ON SBCL'S CLOS CODE The original headers of the PCL files contained the following text: ;;; Any person obtaining a copy of this software is requested to send their ;;; name and post office or electronic mail address to: ;;; CommonLoops Coordinator ;;; Xerox PARC ;;; 3333 Coyote Hill Rd. ;;; Palo Alto, CA 94304 ;;; (or send Arpanet mail to email@example.com) ;;; ;;; Suggestions, comments and requests for improvements are also welcome. This was intended for the original incarnation of the PCL code as a portable reference implementation. Since our version of the code has had its portability hacked out of it, it's no longer particularly relevant to any coordinated PCL effort (which probably doesn't exist any more anyway). Therefore, this contact information has been deleted from the PCL file headers. A few files in the original CMU CL 18b src/pcl/ directory did not carry such Xerox copyright notices: * Some code was originally written by Douglas T. Crosher for CMU CL: ** the Gray streams implementation ** the implementation of DOCUMENTATION as methods of a generic function * generic-functions.lisp seems to have been machine-generated. The comments in the CMU CL 18b version of the PCL code walker, src/pcl/walk.lisp, said in part ;;; a simple code walker, based IN PART on: (roll the credits) ;;; Larry Masinter's Masterscope ;;; Moon's Common Lisp code walker ;;; Gary Drescher's code walker ;;; Larry Masinter's simple code walker ;;; . ;;; . ;;; boy, thats fair (I hope). MORE DETAILS ON SBCL'S LOOP CODE The src/code/loop.lisp file from CMU CL 18b had the following credits-related information in it: ;;; The LOOP iteration macro is one of a number of pieces of code ;;; originally developed at MIT for which free distribution has been ;;; permitted, as long as the code is not sold for profit, and as long ;;; as notification of MIT's interest in the code is preserved. ;;; ;;; This version of LOOP, which is almost entirely rewritten both as ;;; clean-up and to conform with the ANSI Lisp LOOP standard, started ;;; life as MIT LOOP version 829 (which was a part of NIL, possibly ;;; never released). ;;; ;;; A "light revision" was performed by me (Glenn Burke) while at ;;; Palladian Software in April 1986, to make the code run in Common ;;; Lisp. This revision was informally distributed to a number of ;;; people, and was sort of the "MIT" version of LOOP for running in ;;; Common Lisp. ;;; ;;; A later more drastic revision was performed at Palladian perhaps a ;;; year later. This version was more thoroughly Common Lisp in style, ;;; with a few miscellaneous internal improvements and extensions. I ;;; have lost track of this source, apparently never having moved it to ;;; the MIT distribution point. I do not remember if it was ever ;;; distributed. ;;; ;;; The revision for the ANSI standard is based on the code of my April ;;; 1986 version, with almost everything redesigned and/or rewritten. The date of the M.I.T. copyright statement falls around the time described in these comments. The dates on the Symbolics copyright statement are all later -- the earliest is 1989. MORE DETAILS ON OTHER SBCL CODE FROM CMU CL CMU CL's symbol (but not package) code (code/symbol.lisp) was originally written by Scott Fahlman and updated and maintained by Skef Wholey. The CMU CL reader (code/reader.lisp) was originally the Spice Lisp reader, written by David Dill and with support for packages added by Lee Schumacher. David Dill also wrote the sharpmacro support (code/sharpm.lisp). CMU CL's package code was rewritten by Rob MacLachlan based on an earlier version by Lee Schumacher. It also includes DEFPACKAGE by Dan Zigmond, and WITH-PACKAGE-ITERATOR written by Blaine Burks. William Lott also rewrote the DEFPACKAGE and DO-FOO-SYMBOLS stuff. CMU CL's string code (code/string.lisp) was originally written by David Dill, then rewritten by Skef Wholey, Bill Chiles, and Rob MacLachlan. Various code in the system originated with "Spice Lisp", which was apparently a predecessor to the CMU CL project. Much of that was originally written by Skef Wholey: code/seq.lisp, generic sequence functions, and COERCE code/array.lisp, general array stuff SXHASH code/list.lisp, list functions (based on code from Joe Ginder and Carl Ebeling) The CMU CL seq.lisp code also gave credits for later work by Jim Muller and Bill Chiles. The modules system (code/module.lisp, containing REQUIRE, PROVIDE, and friends, now deprecated by ANSI) was written by Jim Muller and rewritten by Bill Chiles. The CMU CL garbage collector was credited to "Christopher Hoover, Rob MacLachlan, Dave McDonald, et al." in the CMU CL code/gc.lisp file, with some extra code for the MIPS port credited to Christopher Hoover alone. The credits on the original "gc.c", "Stop and Copy GC based on Cheney's algorithm", said "written by Christopher Hoover". Guy Steele wrote the original character functions code/char.lisp They were subsequently rewritten by David Dill, speeded up by Scott Fahlman, and rewritten without fonts and with a new type system by Rob MachLachlan. Lee Schumacher made the Spice Lisp version of backquote. The comment in the CMU CL sources suggests he based it on someone else's code for some other Lisp system, but doesn't say which. A note in the CMU CL code to pretty-print backquote expressions says that unparsing support was provided by Miles Bader. The CMU implementations of the Common Lisp query functions Y-OR-N-P and YES-OR-NO-P were originally written by Walter van Roggen, and updated and modified by Rob MacLachlan and Bill Chiles. The CMU CL sort functions (code/sort.lisp) were written by Jim Large, hacked on and maintained by Skef Wholey, and rewritten by Bill Chiles. Most of the internals of the Python compiler seem to have been originally written by Robert MacLachlan: the type system and associated "cold load hack magic" code/typedefs.lisp code/class.lisp code/type-init.lisp etc. the lexical environment database compiler/globaldb.lisp, etc. the IR1 representation and optimizer compiler/ir1*.lisp, etc. the IR2 representation and optimizer compiler/ir2*.lisp, etc. many concrete optimizations compiler/srctran.lisp (with some code adapted from CLC by Wholey and Fahlman) compiler/float-tran.lisp, etc. information about optimization of known functions compiler/fndb.lisp debug information representation compiler/debug.lisp, compiler/debug-dump.lisp memory pools to reduce consing by reusing compiler objects compiler/alloc.lisp toplevel interface functions and drivers compiler/main.lisp Besides writing the compiler, and various other work mentioned elsewhere, Robert MacLachlan was also credited with tuning the implementation of streams for Unix files, and writing various floating point support code code/float-trap.lisp, floating point traps code/float.lisp, misc. support a la INTEGER-DECODE-FLOAT low-level time functions code/time.lisp William Lott is also credited with writing or heavily maintaining some parts of the CMU CL compiler. He was responsible for lifting compiler/meta-vmdef.lisp out of compiler/vmdef.lisp, and also wrote various optimizations compiler/array-tran.lisp compiler/saptran.lisp compiler/seqtran.lisp (with some code adapted from an older seqtran written by Wholey and Fahlman) the separable compiler backend compiler/backend.lisp compiler/generic/utils.lisp the implementation of LOAD-TIME-VALUE compiler/ltv.lisp the most recent version of the assembler compiler/new-assem.lisp vop statistics gathering compiler/statcount.lisp centralized information about machine-dependent and.. ..machine-independent FOO, with compiler/generic/vm-fndb.lisp, FOO=function signatures compiler/generic/vm-typetran.lisp, FOO=type ops compiler/generic/objdef.lisp, FOO=object representation compiler/generic/primtype.lisp, FOO=primitive types Also, Christopher Hoover and William Lott wrote compiler/generic/vm-macs.lisp to centralize information about machine-dependent macros and constants. Sean Hallgren is credited with most of the Alpha backend. Julian Dolby created the CMU CL Alpha/Linux port. Douglas Crosher added complex-float support. The original PPC backend was the work of Gary Byers. Some bug fixes and other changes to update it for current CMUCL interfaces were made by Eric Marsden and Douglas Crosher The CMU CL machine-independent disassembler (compiler/disassem.lisp) was written by Miles Bader. Parts of the CMU CL system were credited to Skef Wholey and Rob MacLachlan jointly, perhaps because they were originally part of Spice Lisp and were then heavily modified: code/load.lisp, the loader, including all the FASL stuff code/macros.lisp, various fundamental macros code/mipsstrops.lisp, primitives for hacking strings code/purify.lisp, implementation of PURIFY code/stream.lisp, stream functions code/lispinit.lisp, cold startup code/profile.lisp, the profiler Bill Chiles also modified code/macros.lisp. Much of the implementation of PURIFY was rewritten in C by William Lott. The CMU CL number functions (code/number.lisp) were written by Rob MacLachlan, but acknowledge much code "derived from code written by William Lott, Dave Mcdonald, Jim Large, Scott Fahlman, etc." CMU CL's weak pointer support (code/weak.lisp) was written by Christopher Hoover. The CMU CL DEFSTRUCT system was credited to Rob MacLachlan, William Lott and Skef Wholey jointly. The FDEFINITION system for handling arbitrary function names (a la (SETF FOO)) was originally written by Rob MacLachlan. It was modified by Bill Chiles to add encapsulation, and modified more by William Lott to add FDEFN objects. The CMU CL condition system (code/error.lisp) was based on some prototyping code written by Ken Pitman at Symbolics. The CMU CL HASH-TABLE system was originally written by Skef Wholey for Spice Lisp, then rewritten by William Lott, then rewritten again by Douglas T. Crosher. The support code for environment queries (a la LONG-SITE-NAME), the DOCUMENTATION function, and the DRIBBLE function was written and maintained "mostly by Skef Wholey and Rob MacLachlan. Scott Fahlman, Dan Aronson, and Steve Handerson did stuff here too." The same credit statement was given for the original Mach OS interface code. The CMU CL printer, print.lisp, was credited as "written by Neal Feinberg, Bill Maddox, Steven Handerson, and Skef Wholey, and modified by various CMU Common Lisp maintainers." The comments on the float printer said specifically that it was written by Bill Maddox. The comments on bignum printing said specifically that it was written by Steven Handerson (based on Skef's idea), and that it was rewritten by William Lott to remove assumptions about length of fixnums on the MIPS port. The comments in the main body of the CMU CL debugger code/debug.lisp say that it was written by Bill Chiles. Some other related files code/debug-int.lisp, programmer's interface to the debugger code/ntrace.lisp, tracing facility based on breakpoints say they were written by Bill Chiles and Rob MacLachlan. The related file src/debug-vm.lisp, low-level support for :FUNCTION-END breakpoints was written by William Lott. The CMU CL GENESIS cold load system, compiler/generic/new-genesis.lisp, was originally written by Skef Wholey, then jazzed up for packages by Rob MacLachlan, then completely rewritten by William Lott for the MIPS port. The CMU CL IR1 interpreter was written by Bill Chiles and Robert MacLachlan. Various CMU CL support code was written by William Lott: the bytecode interpreter code/byte-interp.lisp bitblt-ish operations a la SYSTEM-AREA-COPY code/bit-bash.lisp Unix interface code/fd-stream.lisp, Unix file descriptors as Lisp streams code/filesys.lisp, other Unix filesystem interface stuff handling errors signalled from assembly code code/interr.lisp compiler/generic/interr.lisp finalization based on weak pointers code/final.lisp irrational numeric functions code/irrat.lisp the pretty printer code/pprint.lisp predicates (both type predicates and EQUAL and friends) code/pred.lisp saving the current Lisp image as a core file code/save.lisp handling Unix signals code/signal.lisp implementing FORMAT code/format.lisp The ALIEN facility seems to have been written largely by Rob MacLachlan and William Lott. The CMU CL comments say "rewritten again, this time by William Lott and Rob MacLachlan," but don't identify who else might have been involved in earlier versions. The comments in CMU CL's code/final.lisp say "the idea really was Chris Hoover's". The comments in CMU CL's code/pprint.lisp say "Algorithm stolen from Richard Waters' XP." The comments in CMU CL's code/format.lisp say "with lots of stuff stolen from the previous version by David Adam and later rewritten by Bill Maddox." Jim Muller was credited with fixing seq.lisp. CMU CL's time printing logic, in code/format-time.lisp, was written by Jim Healy. Bill Chiles was credited with fixing/updating seq.lisp after Jim Muller. The CMU CL machine/filesystem-independent pathname functions (code/pathname.lisp) were written by William Lott, Paul Gleichauf, and Rob MacLachlan, based on an earlier version written by Jim Large and Rob MacLachlan. Besides writing the original versions of the things credited to him above, William Lott rewrote, updated, and cleaned up various stuff: code/array.lisp code/serve-event.lisp The INSPECT function was originally written by Blaine Burks. The CMU CL DESCRIBE facility was originally written by "Skef Wholey or Rob MacLachlan", according to the comments in the CMU CL sources. It was cleaned up and reorganized by Blaine Burks, then ported and cleaned up more by Rob MacLachlan. Also, since the split from CMU CL, the SBCL DESCRIBE facility was rewritten as a generic function and so become entangled with some DESCRIBE code which was distributed as part of PCL. The implementation of the Mersenne Twister RNG used in SBCL is based on an implementation written by Douglas T. Crosher and Raymond Toy, which was placed in the public domain with permission from M. Matsumoto. Comments in the CMU CL version of FreeBSD-os.c said it came from an OSF version by Sean Hallgren, later hacked by Paul Werkowski, with generational conservative GC support added by Douglas Crosher. Comments in the CMU CL version of linux-os.c said it came from the FreeBSD-os.c version, morfed to Linux by Peter Van Eynde in July 1996. Comments in the CMU CL version of backtrace.c said it was "originally from Rob's version" (presumably Robert Maclachlan). Comments in the CMU CL version of purify.c said it had stack direction changes, x86/CGC stack scavenging, and static blue bag stuff (all for x86 port?) by Paul Werkowski, 1995, 1996; and bug fixes, x86 code movement support, and x86/gencgc stack scavenging by Douglas Crosher, 1996, 1997, 1998. According to comments in the source files, much of the CMU CL version of the x86 support code assembly/x86/alloc.lisp assembly/x86/arith.lisp assembly/x86/array.lisp assembly/x86/assem-rtns.lisp compiler/x86/alloc.lisp compiler/x86/arith.lisp compiler/x86/c-call.lisp compiler/x86/call.lisp compiler/x86/cell.lisp compiler/x86/char.lisp compiler/x86/debug.lisp compiler/x86/float.lisp compiler/x86/insts.lisp compiler/x86/macros.lisp compiler/x86/memory.lisp compiler/x86/move.lisp compiler/x86/nlx.lisp compiler/x86/parms.lisp compiler/x86/pred.lisp compiler/x86/print.lisp compiler/x86/sap.lisp compiler/x86/static-fn.lisp compiler/x86/subprim.lisp compiler/x86/system.lisp compiler/x86/type-vops.lisp compiler/x86/values.lisp compiler/x86/vm.lisp was originally written by William Lott, then debugged by Paul Werkowski, and in some cases later enhanced and further debugged by Douglas T. Crosher; and the x86 runtime support code, x86-assem.S was written by Paul F. Werkowski and Douglas T. Crosher. The CMU CL user manual (doc/cmu-user/cmu-user.tex) says that the X86 FreeBSD port was originally contributed by Paul Werkowski, and Peter VanEynde took the FreeBSD port and created a Linux version. According to comments in src/code/bsd-os.lisp, work on the generic BSD port was done by Skef Wholey, Rob MacLachlan, Scott Fahlman, Dan Aronson, and Steve Handerson. Douglas Crosher wrote code to support Gray streams, added X86 support for the debugger and relocatable code, wrote a conservative generational GC for the X86 port, and added X86-specific extensions to support stack groups and multiprocessing. The CMU CL user manual credits Robert MacLachlan as editor. A chapter on the CMU CL interprocess communication extensions (not supported in SBCL) was contributed by William Lott and Bill Chiles. Peter VanEynde also contributed a variety of #+HIGH-SECURITY patches to CMU CL, to provide additional safety, especially through runtime checking on various tricky cases of standard functions (e.g. MAP with complicated result types, and interactions of various variants of STREAM). Raymond Toy wrote CMU CL's PROPAGATE-FLOAT-TYPE extension and various other floating point optimizations. (In SBCL, the PROPAGATE-FLOAT-TYPE entry in *FEATURES* first became SB-PROPAGATE-FLOAT-TYPE, then went away completely as the code became an unconditional part of the system.) CMU CL's long float support was written by Douglas T. Crosher. Paul Werkowski turned the Mach OS support code into Linux OS support code. Versions of the RUN-PROGRAM extension were written first by David McDonald, then by Jim Healy and Bill Chiles, then by William Lott. MORE DETAILS ON THE TRANSITION FROM CMU CL Bill Newman did the original conversion from CMU CL 18b to a form which could bootstrap itself cleanly, on Linux/x86 only. Although they may not have realized it at the time, Rob Maclachlan and Peter Van Eynde were very helpful, RAM by posting a clear explanation of what GENESIS is supposed to be doing and PVE by maintaining a version of CMU CL which worked on Debian, so that I had something to refer to whenever I got stuck. CREDITS SINCE THE RELEASE OF SBCL (Note: (1) This is probably incomplete, since there's no systematic procedure for updating it. (2) Some more details are available in the NEWS file, in the project's CVS change logs, and in the archives of the sbcl-devel mailing list. (3) In this, as in other parts of SBCL, patches are welcome. Don't be shy.) Martin Atzmueller: He reported many bugs, fixed many bugs, ported various fixes from CMU CL, and helped clean up various stale bug data. (He has been unusually energetic at this. As of sbcl-0.6.9.10, the total number of bugs involved likely exceeded 100. Since then, I've lost count. See the CVS logs.) Daniel Barlow: He made SBCL play nicely with ILISP. He figured out how to get the CMU CL dynamic object file loading code to work under SBCL. He ported CMU CL's support for Alpha and PPC CPUs to SBCL, and then continued to improve the ports. He wrote code (e.g. grovel_headers.c and stat_wrapper stuff) to handle machine-dependence and OS-dependence automatically, reducing the amount of hand-tweaking required to keep ports synchronized. He's also provided support for SBCL (as well as for free Common Lisp in general) through his CLiki website. Cadabra, Inc. (later merged into GoTo.com): They hired Bill Newman to do some consulting for them, including the implementation of EQUALP hash tables for CMU CL; then agreed to release the EQUALP code into the public domain, giving SBCL (and CMU CL) its EQUALP hash tables. Douglas Crosher: He continued to improve CMU CL after SBCL forked from it, creating many patches which were directly applicable to SBCL. Notable examples include fixes for various compiler bugs, the implementation of CL:DEFINE-SYMBOL-MACRO, and a generalization of the type system's handling of the CONS type to allow ANSI-style (CONS FOO BAR) types. Alexey Dejneka: He has fixed many, many bugs. There's no single summary theme, but he's fixed about a dozen different bugs in LOOP alone, and more in the compiler itself. It appears that a lot of his fixes there and elsewhere reflect systematic public-spiritedness, fixing bugs as they show up in sbcl-devel or as archived in the BUGS file. Nathan Froyd: He has fixed various bugs, and also done a lot of internal cleanup, not visible at the user level but important for maintenance. (E.g. converting the PCL code to use LOOP instead of the old weird pre-ANSI ITERATE macro so that the code can be read without being an expert in ancient languages and so that can delete a thousand lines of implement-ITERATE macrology.) Matthias Hoelzl: He reported and fixed COMPILE's misbehavior on macros. Espen S Johnsen: He provided an ANSI-compliant version of CHANGE-CLASS for PCL. Arthur Lemmens: He found and fixed a number of SBCL bugs while partially porting SBCL to bootstrap under Lispworks for Windows Robert MacLachlan: He has continued to answer questions about, and contribute fixes to, the CMU CL project. Some of these fixes, especially for compiler problems, has been invaluable to the CMU CL project and, by porting, invaluable to the SBCL project as well. Pierre Mai: He has continued to work on CMU CL since the SBCL fork, and also patched code to SBCL to enable dynamic loading of object files under OpenBSD. Eric Marsden: Some of his fixes to CMU CL since the SBCL fork have been ported to SBCL. Dave McDonald: He made a lot of progress toward getting SBCL to be bootstrappable under CLISP. William ("Bill") Newman: He continued to maintain SBCL after the fork, increasing ANSI compliance, fixing bugs, regularizing the internals of the system, deleting unused extensions, improving performance in some areas (especially sequence functions and non-simple vectors), updating documentation, and even, for better or worse, getting rid of various functionality (e.g. the byte interpreter). Christophe Rhodes: He ported SBCL to SPARC, made various port-related and SPARC-related changes (like *BACKEND-SUBFEATURES*), made many fixes and improvements in the compiler's type system, has done a substantial amount of work on bootstrapping SBCL under unrelated (non-SBCL, non-CMU-CL) Common Lisps, and contributed in other ways as well. Stig Erik Sandoe: He showed how to convince the GNU toolchain to build SBCL in a way which supports callbacks from C code into SBCL. Brian Spilsbury: He wrote Unicode-capable versions of SBCL's character, string, and stream types and operations on them. Raymond Toy: He continued to work on CMU CL after the SBCL fork, especially on floating point stuff. Various patches and fixes of his have been ported to SBCL. Peter Van Eynde: He wrestled the CLISP test suite into a mostly portable test suite (clocc ansi-test) which can be used on SBCL, provided a slew of of bug reports resulting from that, and submitted many other bug reports as well. Colin Walters: His O(N) implementation of the general case of MAP, posted on the email@example.com mailing list, was the inspiration for similar MAP code added in sbcl-0.6.8. Raymond Wiker: He ported sbcl-0.6.3 back to FreeBSD, restoring the ancestral CMU CL support for FreeBSD and updating it for the changes made from FreeBSD version 3 to FreeBSD version 4. He also ported the CMU CL extension RUN-PROGRAM, and related code, to SBCL. INITIALS GLOSSARY (helpful when reading comments, CVS commit logs, etc.) AL Arthur Lemmens MNA Martin Atzmueller DB Daniel Barlow DTC Douglas Crosher APD Alexey Dejneka NJF Nathan Froyd RAM Robert MacLachlan WHN William ("Bill") Newman CSR Christophe Rhodes PVE Peter Van Eynde PW Paul Werkowski


text:
Arsenal end trophy drought with FA Cup win
Arsenal ended its nine-year trophy drought on Saturday, coming from two goals...
Flowery Branch, GA (SportsNetwork.com) – Atlanta Falcons tight end Tony
Gonzalez returned to practice on Wednesday, though the team has declared the
veteran questionable for its midweek matchup with the New Orleans Saints.
Gonzalez was listed as a limited participant as he continues to deal with an
injury to his left toe. The 37-year-old also was termed questionable for this
past Sunday's contest at Tampa Bay, but managed to play and record seven
catches totaling 63 yards in Atlanta's 41-28 loss.
The 13-time Pro Bowl selection has missed just two games in his outstanding
13-year career, the last of which took place in 2006.
Defensive tackle Jonathan Babineaux (tricep) and backup quarterback Dominique
Davis (knee) also are questionable for Thursday's clash, though both practiced
on a limited basis throughout the short week.
Running back Jacquizz Rodgers (ankle), linebacker Paul Worrilow (shoulder),
offensive tackle Jeremy Trueblood (knee/hip) and defensive tackle Peria Jerry
(shoulder) all are probable to face the Saints.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
FERNDALE, Mich. (AP) — The chairwoman of the Democratic National Committee has joined leading state Democrats in condemning Michigan Republicans for their handling of anti-gay remarks by a GOP National Committee member and their failure to extend civil rights to gays.
Democratic National Committee leader Debbie Wasserman Schultz joined U.S. Senate candidate Gary Peters and gubernatorial candidate Mark Shauer at a gay rights forum Tuesday in the Detroit suburb of Ferndale.
Republican National Committeeman Dave Agema attacked gay marriage and accused gays of seeking free health care out of fear of AIDS.
Republican Gov. Rick Snyder has condemned Agema but hasn't urged his resignation. Snyder says he'd consider but won't lead the push for expanding the state's civil rights act to cover sexual orientation.
Wasserman Schultz says "intolerance is in the Republican Party's DNA."


text:
The Norwegian company Luxo are suing Disney over the use of the Luxo name in their products and theme parks. From what I can see so far, cited int he lawsuit are both the special edition of the Blu Ray version of Up, which comes with a minature Luxo Jr. (see this thread), as well as the animatronic Luxo Jr. that's in Pixar Place at DHS.
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Luxo sues Disney over use of Luxo Jr.
Posted 06 September 2009 - 03:51 PM
Former Disney-MGM Studios Cast Member.
Studios Central Worlds Apart Column
Former Disney-MGM Studios Cast Member.
Studios Central Worlds Apart Column
Posted 06 September 2009 - 05:29 PM
I'm sorry but they are a little late. If they wewre going to file a suit, they should have filed it with Pixar all the years back. I expect this to fall through.
Posted 06 September 2009 - 06:30 PM
Exactly. Pixar has been using the name Luxo since it's inception (Luxo was the name of the character from it's first film)
Posted 06 September 2009 - 09:54 PM
C'mon. Clearly the character and logo have been hidden from them all this time.
Please read my blog, The World by Day
Follow me on Twitter! YoPaulieNJ
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text:
Pelfrey set for rehab assignment on Monday
By Kelly Erickson / MLB.com
MINNEAPOLIS -- Twins right-hander Mike Pelfrey is already on the mend.
The starter missed his last turn on Sunday and was placed on the 15-day disabled list with a sore back.
According to general manager Terry Ryan, Pelfrey will go on a rehab assignment on Monday with Class A Cedar Rapids.
"We've got a nice plan for him," manager Ron Gardenhire said. "He's going to definitely pitch somewhere and eventually get activated and make his start, probably by like next Saturday."
Pelfrey has noted multiple times that he isn't incredibly patient when it comes to recovering from injuries -- in particular, his Tommy John surgery over a year ago while with the Mets.
Pelfrey is 3-6 this season with a 6.11 ERA in 70 2/3 innings. He has turned in only one seven-inning outing so far, but was progressing and starting to find some consistency on the mound prior to heading to the DL.
Doumit returns behind plate against Royals
MINNEAPOLIS -- One day after Ryan Doumit was reported to be available to the Twins if needed, the catcher was back in the lineup.
Doumit sprained his right ankle on Sunday at Cleveland in the ninth inning. On Friday, the switch-hitter batted third behind Joe Mauer, who was given DH duties with Doumit back behind the plate.
"The trainers came in and said catching would probably be the best place for him," manager Ron Gardenhire said. "There you have it. I'll listen to the trainers and we'll catch him."
Going into Friday's game against the Royals, Doumit was batting .237 with 56 hits and 35 RBIs.
Mastroianni taking BP, doing light activities
MINNEAPOLIS -- After weeks of hobbling around the Twins' clubhouse on crutches or in a walking boot, Darin Mastroianni has started taking early batting practice in addition to some other light activities.
The outfielder underwent surgery earlier this season to repair a bone chip in his left ankle. He saw action in only eight games through April for the Twins.
With the cast finally off, Mastroianni took early batting practice on Thursday and Friday and started some running on Friday as well.
"From where he was when went we went on the last road trip, night and day," Twins manager Ron Gardenhire said. "He's got spikes on now and he's coming along pretty good. We still think it's going to be three weeks to a month, but that's all going to be dependent on how he feels. It could go faster and it could go slower if he has any setbacks."
Twins general manager Terry Ryan said it sounds like Mastroianni is probably ahead of schedule, but also said he's not ready to talk about the outfielder rejoining the team just yet.
"He's a good worker," Ryan said. "You don't have to worry about him putting the effort in because he's here and he works. So he's making progress."
Twins sign second-round Draft pick Slegers
MINNEAPOLIS -- The Twins announced on Friday the signing of fifth-round Draft pick pitcher Aaron Slegers.
Slegers was at Target Field a day earlier to watch Thursday's matchup with the Royals. At the time, general manager Terry Ryan noted they were just waiting on the results of Slegers' medical, but noted they had reached an agreement with the right-hander.
"Slegers is signed and he's on his way to [Rookie League] Elizabethton," Ryan said.
Slegers, who is 6-foot-9, 250-pounds, was 9-2 with a 2.04 ERA in 18 starts at Indiana University.
The Twins also signed their second-round pick, pitcher Ryan Eades out of LSU, earlier this week. Eades struck out 78 in 100 innings and posted a 2.79 ERA for the Tigers. The 6-foot-2, 195-pound right hander also logged an 8-1 record.
Minnesota has now come to terms with 26 of its 40 picks. Of the 26 signings, 24 are among the club's top 25 picks.
Kelly Erickson is an associate reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


text: Inspire everyone at the next O's event with an elite look direct from the Baltimore Orioles Shop at FansEdge.com. Create your ideal gameday aesthetic with the newest official merchandise like Orioles Jerseys, Orioles Hats and Orioles T-Shirts. Find authentic Orioles Gear in a variety of styles in our assortment of signature Baltimore apparel. Our selection of Jerseys includes Orioles Cool Base Jerseys as well as Custom Jerseys for fans looking for an individual style. Fans of retro teams will appreciate our Orioles Vintage Gear boasting throwback logos and colorways. No matter the season, we've got the team gear you need to rep your favorite MLB baseball team. Check out our Orioles Winter Apparel for sweatshirts and knit hats to keep you cozy without keeping you from showing off a fresh Baltimore look. Practice your own skills on the baseball diamond with O's Batting Practice Gear from the Orioles Store at FansEdge.com. We've got all the merchandise you need to celebrate upcoming events on the MLB Calendar including Opening Day Clothing and Orioles Spring Training Gear. Stay on top of all the latest fashions with essential Baltimore Orioles Gear from FansEdge.com and continue to wow your fellow MLB fans.


text:
Change Location
Solutions for the globally mobile:
A1c is a test that shows the average level
of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months. People who have
diabetes need to have this test done regularly to see
whether their blood sugar levels have been staying within a target
range. This test is also used to diagnose diabetes.
A1c test results show your average blood sugar
level over time. The result is reported as a percentage. Your goal is to keep
your hemoglobin A1c level as close to your target level as possible. You and your doctor will work together to set your safe target level.
The result of
your A1c test can also be used to estimate your average blood sugar
level. This is called your estimated average glucose, or eAG. Your eAG and A1c
show the same thing in two different ways. They both help you know about your
average blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months.
The table below
shows A1c with estimated average glucose.
Estimated average glucose (mg/dL)
American Diabetes Association (2016). Standards of medical care in diabetes–2016. Diabetes Care, 39(Suppl 1): S1–S112.
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical Reviewer
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer
Rhonda O'Brien, MS, RD, CDE - Certified Diabetes Educator
Current as ofFebruary 19, 2016
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Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
Rhonda O'Brien, MS, RD, CDE - Certified Diabetes Educator
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text:
What is the Michel Thomas Method?The Michel Thomas Method teaches everyday conversational language that will allow you to communicate in a wide variety of situations, empowered by the ability to create your own sentences and use the language instinctively, having absorbed the vocabulary and grammatical structures. These all-audio courses were perfected over 25 years by gifted linguist and teacher Michel Thomas, and provide an accelerated method for language learning that is truly revolutionary.
Lessons 1-8, the Beginner course: This course makes no assumption of knowledge of any language other than English and gives the beginner practical and functional use of the spoken language. It is also appropriate for anyone who has studied Polish before, but has forgotten much of it or does not have confidence in speaking. The Beginner course is designed to take you from complete beginner to intermediate level.
Lessons 9-12, the Intermediate course: This course is for those with an intermediate-level foundation in Polish, or those who have completed lessons 1-8 and want to take their learning to an advanced level and speak Polish proficiently and easily.
How does it work?
Unlike most language courses that focus around topics or grammar forms, the Michel Thomas Method works by breaking a language down into its component parts, enabling you to reconstruct the language yourself - to form your own sentences, to say what you want, when you want. Within the first 10 minutes of the course, you will be generating complete sentences on your own. It is important that you complete the lessons in order. The Method is successful because it builds on the language you learn in each lesson and 'recycles' language taught in earlier lessons, allowing you to build ever-more complicated sentences. Because the Method is based on understanding, not memorisation, there is no set limit to the length of time that you should study each lesson. Once you feel you have a good grasp of the language taught in one lesson, you can move on to the next.
In lesson 1 of the Polish Beginner course, you'll be able to make up your own sentence and questions (positive and negative), use verbs in the 'I' and 'you' forms, and learn about how 'it' and 'what' change in negative sentences with…- pronouns: 'it', 'I', 'you' (masculine/feminine), 'me', 'something', 'everything/all'- verbs: 'is', 'I have', 'I read/am reading', 'you have', 'you read/are reading', 'I am', 'you are', 'to buy', 'to read', 'shall I/am I supposed to?', 'to do', '(they) are', 'to know (how to)', 'to cook', 'to understand'- nouns: 'map', 'bank', 'film', 'studio', 'theatre', 'passport', 'problem', 'document', 'camera', 'club', 'telephone', 'Poland', 'intonation', 'organisation', 'situation', 'tradition', 'information', 'conference', 'restoration/restaurant'- adverbs: 'so, like this', 'possible', 'already/by now', 'still/yet', 'here', 'there', 'far', 'well'- social communications: 'yes', 'excuse me/I'm sorry'- conjunctions: 'or', 'but', 'and'- preposition: 'for' ('for me')- adjectives: 'ready', 'Polish', 'English'- no words for 'a/an' or 'the'- making sentences negative: 'not'; effect of negative on pronoun 'it' (to > tego) and question word 'what?' (co > czego)- asking questions: using intonation; using question word czy; using question words 'what?', 'why?', 'where?'; word order in questions - omission of 'is' in short sentences- omission of 'I' before verbs (used for emphasis only)- verb endings for 'to', 'I' and 'you' forms- making nouns plural- stress, and how it changes when nouns are made plural- words ending in tion in English end in cja in Polish- word order affects emphasis.
PLEASE NOTE: When you purchase this title, the accompanying reference material will be available in your My Library section along with the audio.
©2013 Michel Thomas (P)2013 Hodder & Stoughton
"Excellent Course - Sound Quality Awful"
The course is great for instant confidence at speaking Polish. My girlfriend was amazed I could speak so quickly and well.
Probably when I thought 'hmm, I don't like this grammar. And the words in Polish seem to have been chosen by a committee that threw a scrabble bag up in the air to decide each word...'
Excellent teacher, sticks extremely closely to the Michel Thomas method, makes use of pattern very well.
Only joy.
The course is good, but some of the mnemonics are very bad. Plus my Polish girlfriend although pleased at my progress, pointed out that people don't pronounce some words the way you're taught on the course, for example 'I want'. Finally the recording quality - it's too compressed. In the end I bought the full course on CD and the difference is marked.
"Looking forward to Lesson 2"
Well paced and easy to follow - now looking forward to Lesson 2 in this series
"Best audible option I found for Polish"
This language course focuses on providing good basic framework so you can adapt what you learn to quickly go past stock phrases. I much prefer this series to the pimsleur approach, although it also makes the ludicrous claim that you can learn without any text as backup it does provide one in pdf form. Personally I need to see the written language to get anywhere in learning a new one, so of the main options available through audible this is the one for me. The audio quality isn't brilliant but it's adequate for the purpose
"testing a bad review to see what happens"
test tes tadf asdf asdf asdfadsfadsf asdf adsf adsf asdf adsf asdf adsf asdf asdf asd f
"gsdhgdfhdrt ujhtueyeruyery"
terer tr y t rt t rty r ty rty rt rt y rty r ty rt t rt yrt y rt y rt yrt rt y rt y rty rt y t
Report Inappropriate Content
If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action.


text:
I am trying to install mint on one of the IDE Drives, but I was going to zero it first.
I like to do
to see what the system see's BEFORE I do anything.fdisk -l
the strange thing is that it won't list them.
I am booting from a 'Live' USB stick.
I can "Mount", navigate, and view the files in Live Mint I Os I just booted from, but terminal and the above commands refuse to list them.
I've looked around and can't seem to find much. The only thing that I THOUGHT might be part of the problem is that in the BIOS I can enable IDE, and, Sata controllers and list which is Primary, secondary, or just leave it in an 'auto' configuration. I have disabled the SATA control (just for the moment) and have only 1 IDE drive connected, and listed the IDE controller as Primary and set the drive to "Master".
Still no luck.
Does anyone have any ideas?
The MOBO is an ASRock AM2NF4G-Sata2


text:
We had an awesome day on the St. Johns River today despite the 20mph + winds and 65 degree temperature this morning. To be honest my expectations for today werent that great considering this storm we had, the moon phase and the blue bird skies but we still managed to lay the smack down on these bass.
I took my buddy John with me today who is a saltwater guy and he loved it. When we pulled up to the ramp we were the only truck in the parking lot. I initially thought that was a bad thing but the fishing proved otherwise. When we pulled up on our first spot I decided to throw a shallow running crankbait down a ledge and within the first 5 casts or so I had a decent striper on the line.
Fast forward twenty minutes later and the entire creek mouth we were fishing came alive with bass schooling and busting on shad everywhere. It was awesome and definitely a sight to see watching these bass come completely out of the water after these shad. The frustrating part is watching them tear up the shad and not being able to catch a single one because we dont have a match in the tackle box for exactly what they want. Despite not having exactly what they wanted we still managed to catch our fair share of schoolers.
We caught them on a mixture of lures all ranging from swimbaits, A-rigs (with money minnows), crankbaits and rattle traps. At about 9:30 the schooling action finally seemed to have died down so we hit the grass line in hopes of finding more fish. This recent storm we have had the last two days has pushed hyacinth mats all over the river so we just targeted fish by fishing a bitters bait and tackle easy swimmer down the hyacinth mats and we caught 4-5 bass every pass through. Finally the fishing slowed down and we decided to pull into the local marina, have lunch and call it a day. Cant beat a day of fishing like today.


text:
JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - Police have charged a 60-year-old man with murder in the death of a 70-year-old man shot and killed Dec. 22 in his own driveway.
According to the arrest report, Arnold Perry is accused of fatally shooting Tommy Munford. Although Munford's wallet was missing and it appeared his pockets had been searched, but they don't know if robbery was the motive.
Police said Munford was killed with his own gun, which was found near the crime scene near the intersection of Superior Street and Lowell Avenue.
Later the night of Munford's killing, Perry showed up at Baptist Medical Center with a gunshot wound to his eye. A Florida Department of Law Enforcement ballistics experts found that the wound was from a bullet fired by the same .357-Magnum handgun.
DNA testing of blood at the scene where Munford was killed was matched to Perry, according to investigators.
Munford was a long-time member of the International Longshoremen's Association Local 1408, and the union announced earlier this month it was offering a reward to find his killer.
Previous Story:
- February 7, 2007: Reward Offered In Pre-Christmas Homicide
Copyright 2011 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Marlins' heavy hitters off to slow start
By David Villavicencio / Special to MLB.com
While they have scored eight runs in a game and six in another, the Marlins are averaging just 3.3 runs per game over their first seven contests. Most of their lack of run production centers around their struggling middle of the order.
Giancarlo Stanton, Logan Morrison and Gaby Sanchez have combined to drive in just six of the Marlins 23 runs on the season. Beyond not driving in runs, the trio is a combined 12-for-65 over the first seven games this year.
"Definitely the reason why we're not winning games right now falls on my shoulders and the people in the middle of the lineup," Morrison said. Stanton leads the group with a .240 batting average while Morrison and Sanchez are batting .188 and .125 respectively. The trio has combined for just three extra-base hits so far. While some would say that is possibly just bad luck, Morrison believes differently.
"Baseball is a little bit of a game of luck but when you hit it over the fence there are really no gloves that it could find," Morrison said.
While Sanchez is off to an uncharacteristic slow start, there is reason to believe he will turn it around. The 28-year-old is a career .291 hitter in the first half of the season.
With Stanton and Morrison, some may point to their lack of playing time this spring as the reason for their early struggles. Marlins bench coach Joey Cora certainly believes that is a factor.
"They didn't have Spring Training. It's not fair," Cora said. "If you can step in after only playing three or four games in Spring Training and do well, everybody would do that. Unfortunately that's not the way it works. You have to have Spring Training, you have to get at-bats and play the field. Playing on the backfields against Minor Leaguers doesn't get you ready to face big league pitchers. That's why you play big league games in Spring Training."
Even though his coaches understand the situation, Morrison does not believe he should be held to a different standard because he is catching up after missing most of the spring.
"There are no excuses," Morrison said. "We've got to go out and keep improving day by day"
Cora is confident that the trio of talent young hitters will soon get in a groove and start providing the production the Marlins expect from them.
"They're a little off with their timing but I expect them to be alright once they get that down," Cora said. "Hopefully they get it soon because we need them."
Resting Morrison not concerned about knee
MIAMI -- Logan Morrison took his scheduled day off on Friday but the Marlins left fielder hopes he will not need many more of them going forward.
Morrison, who missed most of Spring Training while recovering from offseason knee surgery, has sat out two of the Marlins seven games heading into Friday's series opener against the Astros.
"It's not like 100 percent, but the reason I'm not playing tonight is not because my knee is sore," Morrison said. "It's just a precautionary thing. Each day I get now will help me out later. Hopefully in a couple weeks or a week from now I'll be in there every day."
Marlins bench coach Joey Cora expects Morrison to be back in the lineup on Saturday. The Marlins expected to give Morrison Friday night off due to a hectic travel schedule.
"We got home pretty late last night and obviously he's not at 100 percent yet with his knee," Cora said. "We're giving him a break and hopefully he'll be in there tomorrow."
Morrison does not want to use his knee as an excuse for his slow start, saying, "it's nothing I can't play through." The 24-year-old has just three hits on the season but he does not believe that his days off have kept him from getting in a rhythm at the plate.
"It's not an excuse to not succeed and not be getting hits," Morrison said. "It's 20 at-bats that I've had, so I'm not too concerned about it."
Instead of blaming his knee for his slow start, Morrison has identified some issues with his swing that he is working to correct as soon as possible.
"There are things that I need to work on and there are things that I'm doing wrong but that just comes with not having at-bats," Morrison said. "I've just got to get my foot down on time, soft, and stay behind the baseball and then let the rest happen."
Marlins deny slow start relates to Ozzie's issues
MIAMI -- The Marlins have not started the way they had hoped for this season, but they are positive their struggles are unrelated to the off-field issues surrounding manager Ozzie Guillen.
Guillen was suspended five games for comments he made to Time Magazine about Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. Bench coach Joey Cora, who is filling in for Guillen during the suspension, does not believe the Marlins slow start is related to Guillen's issue.
"They're not pressing because of what happened with Ozzie," Cora said. "Are we feeling a little bit of pressure? Maybe. This is a young ballclub. We're pretty young and this is probably the first time that expectations are really high before the year starts. They're getting used to the spotlight and the pressure and expectation of winning. That comes with experience, how to handle those situations. They're learning how to play with expectations."
The Marlins have won just two of their first seven games heading into Friday's series opener against the Astros, but Cora points out that the team was struggling before the Guillen issue surfaced last week.
"We lost the first game and nothing had happened," Cora said. "We lost the second game in Cincinnati and nothing had happened then. It's not like we started losing after the Ozzie thing. That's not true. It is what it is. All we need to do is we need to score runs."
Despite the off-the-field distraction the organization is dealing with surrounding Guillen's comments, outfielder Logan Morrison insists the team's performance has not been affected by the manager's suspension.
"Of course we miss him but it's not inhibiting us from winning games and it's not a distraction," Morrison said.
Cora added that the team is focusing on handling their responsibilities while Guillen is focused on handling his off-the-field situation.
"We all support Ozzie," Cora said. "He's our leader. He thought about what he did and he's apologized. We have to move on and play baseball. That's our job. Our main concern is playing against Houston, trying to play well and trying to win games. Ozzie is taking care of Ozzie's stuff and we have to take care of what we have to do on the field."
Morrison texting help to his favorite charity
MIAMI -- Marlins outfielder Logan Morrison seems to always find different ways to help his favorite charity, the American Lung Association.
Morrison, whose father passed away due to lung cancer, holds a baseball camp every summer to raise money for the ALA. He has also auctioned off various items with all the proceeds going towards lung cancer research.
The 24-year-old's latest effort into raising money and awareness for the American Lung Association is a text campaign that has gotten off to a fast start. The campaign, which Morrison says will run for about six months, has raised over $68,000 in its first eight days.
To donate $10 to the campaign, text "LOMO" to 32020. Donors will receive a picture of Morrison as a sign of gratitude for their donation.
Worth noting
• Omar Infante is off to a hot start this season, batting .360 with a team-best three home runs over the first seven games. But Infante's hot streak at the plate dates back to the second half of last season. The second baseman has hit .319 since the start of the second half last year, good enough for fifth-best among National Leaguers.
• Reliever Chad Gaudin did more than just pitch 2 1/3 scoreless innings against the Phillies on Thursday night. The right-hander became one of 12 active players to appear with eight-or-more organizations in the Majors. He has played for more teams (8) than he has years played in the Major Leagues.
David Villavicencio is a contributor to MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Check BNN and Bulbanews for up-to-date Pokémon news and discuss it on the forums or in the Bulbagarden Discord server.
Difference between revisions of "M01"
m (→Trivia)
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* This movie is the only Pokémon material to be given a release on LaserDisc. It was packaged with the ''Pikachu's Vacation'' short.
* This movie is the only Pokémon material to be given a release on LaserDisc. It was packaged with the ''Pikachu's Vacation'' short.
* Although Mewtwo was cloned from ''a Mew'', it is never stated to be the individual Mew present in the movie, nor is it even implied.
* Although Mewtwo was cloned from ''a Mew'', it is never stated to be the individual Mew present in the movie, nor is it even implied.
** Only three Mew are shown in the movies, which all take place during Generations 1 and 3(with the second appearance being a brief cameo in Destiny Deoxys) so it can be assumed that these are all the same Mew, but it still does not prove that it is ''the Mew'' that Mewtwo was "created" from.
** Only three Mew are shown in the movies, which all take place during Generations 1 and 3(with the second appearance being a brief cameo in Destiny Deoxys) so it can be assumed that these are all the same Mew, but it still does not prove that it is ''the Mew'' that Mewtwo was "created" from.
Revision as of 00:16, 10 March 2013
| Mewtwo Strikes Back
ミュウツーの逆襲 Mewtwo's Counterattack
| Premiere
| Home video
| English themes
| Japanese themes
| Ratings
Pokémon the First Movie - Mewtwo Strikes Back (Japanese: ミュウツーの逆襲 Mewtwo's Counterattack, officially Mewtwo Strikes Back! in Japan) is the first Pokémon movie. It debuted in Japanese theaters on July 18, 1998, and then made its way to North American theaters on November 12, 1999.
Mewtwo Strikes Back was shown with the Pikachu short movie Pikachu's Vacation.
- 1 Other posters and logos
- 2 Synopsis
- 3 Major events
- 4 Characters
- 5 Cast
- 6 Soundtrack
- 7 Trivia
- 8 In other languages
- 9 External links
Other posters and logos
|Spoiler warning: this article may contain major plot or ending details.
Dr. Fuji, wanting to find a way to restore life by cloning, leads an expedition to Guyana after finding evidence of a shrine dedicated to Mew, the world's most powerful—but now said to be extinct—Pokémon. Giovanni, the leader of Team Rocket, funds Fuji's research in return for an enhanced, living replica of Mew. Finding a Fossil of Mew, Fuji and his team create Mewtwo. A confused Mewtwo asks itself who it is, what it is, and where it came from. Just then, Mewtwo wakes up in a stasis tube in one of Fuji's laboratories, where the scientists study it. Mewtwo breaks out of its test tube; Dr. Fuji tells Mewtwo that it was made by humans and is a clone of, but much more powerful than Mew. Mewtwo is angry that the scientists see it more as an end result to their project and less of a sentient being, so it destroys the lab and kills all of the scientists. Dr. Fuji says to himself that he succeeded in creating the world's most powerful Pokémon before dying at the hands of Mewtwo. Then, Giovanni arrives in his private helicopter and offers to help Mewtwo focus its powers. Mewtwo takes up the offer, and is put in a suit of armor.
Over the next few weeks, Mewtwo does most of Team Rocket's dirty work, capturing wild Pokémon and beating any Trainer that challenges the Viridian Gym, including Gary Oak. When Giovanni tells Mewtwo his own twisted way of controlling Pokémon, Mewtwo angrily blasts away, destroying its armor, and vows from atop the island it was created on to begin its reign on Earth.
Meanwhile, Ash, Misty, and Brock are preparing for lunch until a Pokémon Trainer shows up and challenges Ash, who is happy to oblige. With his Bulbasaur, Squirtle, and Pikachu, Ash easily beats the Pokémon Trainer. What he doesn't know is that he's being watched, not only by Team Rocket, but by a mysterious third party. Jessie, James, and Meowth, who were also watching the battle, don't have any food and watch hungrily as the gang eats Brock's cooking. Suddenly, a Dragonite flies in with a letter for Ash and his friends. It projects a hologram of a mysterious woman who tells the Trainers to head to Old Shore Wharf in order to get to an island fortress called New Island.
Later, as a storm brews, the gang arrive at the Pokémon Center, whose Nurse Joy has been missing for quite a while. Officer Jenny informs the Trainers gathered that the ferry to New Island has been cancelled. Miranda, the pier master tells them that she has lived on the pier all her life and that the current storm is the fiercest she's ever seen. She then tells a story to everyone present about how some people died in a storm many years ago, however legend has it that the tears of a Pokémon restored the people to life.
Soon, most of the other Pokémon Trainers—ignoring Jenny and Miranda's warnings—take off for New Island. Ash and the gang are eager to follow, but none of their Pokémon are strong enough to handle the giant waves. Team Rocket, under disguise, give Ash and the gang a boat ride. Later, Team Rocket's disguise was uncovered. However, the storm proves too much for them, and as the strong wind and waves hit against the boat, it capsized and everyone was sent into the ocean. The gang saved themselves by using Ash's Squirtle and Misty's Staryu to get all the way to New Island.
As the heroes barely arrive at New Island, the mystery woman from the hologram letter greets them and takes them to the dining room to meet the other Trainers who arrived safely. Brock says that she looked familiar, however, the woman denies it and shows them to the castle.
Meanwhile, as Team Rocket try to get inside the fortress, the legendary Mew senses something troubling and arrives at New Island, and follows closely behind Team Rocket.
As they arrive in the dining room, Ash and the gang meet three Pokémon Trainers named Neesha, Fergus, and Corey. Just then, the mystery woman introduces everybody in the room to her master, who is revealed to be none other than Mewtwo. Fergus insults Mewtwo, who sends him flying. Fergus has his Gyarados attack with Hyper Beam, but Mewtwo easily reflects it. Then, Mewtwo releases the woman from its power, Brock quickly catches her, and it is revealed that the mystery woman is the missing Nurse Joy. Mewtwo tells the Trainers that humans are weak and cruel, and have made all Pokémon their slaves. It also says that Pokémon are no better off, since they choose to associate with humans.
As Team Rocket get into the fortress and make their way into a laboratory, they come across a weird-looking machine, a computer, and several Pokémon sleeping in giant pods. Jessie accidentally sits on the computer controls, which play back a recorded message from Dr. Fuji about the fossilized eyelash of Mew that was used to create Mewtwo. Suddenly, the machine takes a piece of hair from Meowth to create a clone of him. Summoned by Mewtwo, the cloned Pokémon awaken and exit to their master.
Mewtwo leads Ash and the other Trainers into the stadium part of the fortress and suggests that they should battle Pokémon to see who is the strongest, the clones versus the originals. Ash's Charizard, Corey's Venusaur, and Neesha's Blastoise are no match for Mewtwo's clones. Mewtwo then summons its own specialized Poké Balls, the Clone Balls, and uses them to capture Charizard, Venusaur and Blastoise, claiming them as its prize. Mewtwo then announces that the other Pokémon will be taken to be cloned. The clones will remain safe on the island while Mewtwo's storms destroy the planet. Mewtwo then sends the Balls after the Pokémon.
Immediately, all the Trainers are on the run. Some Pokémon are captured before they realize what's happening, some attempt to outrun the Clone Balls and some attempt to use their attacks to defend themselves. However, it proves to be useless as nearly all the Pokémon end up being captured one by one. Ash deduces that Pokémon inside their Poké Balls should be safe from capture and recalls Bulbasaur and Squirtle. However, it turns out to be no use, as the Clone Balls instead capture the Poké Balls whole with Bulbasaur and Squirtle still inside. Brock suggests carrying the Pokémon away, but while Misty successfully hides Togepi inside her bag, Psyduck and Vulpix aren't so lucky and are also caught.
Pikachu is the only Pokémon still uncaptured, and as a result he's now the only target of the Clone Balls. Ash uses his body to block them, giving Pikachu a chance to run. Pikachu heads towards a nearby suspended staircase and uses ThunderShock to take out a few of the Clone Balls. Ash follows him up the staircase. Pikachu is forced to use his ThunderShock every few seconds, which in combination with constantly being on the run, leaves him exhausted. As a result, Pikachu is forced off the staircase while dodging the Balls, falling a long way. Ash jumps off after Pikachu to protect him, but before he can grab his friend, a Clone Ball finally manages to capture Pikachu. Ash grabs the Ball before he falls into the pool of water at the base of the staircase, and loses his grip on it underwater. Ash follows it, out of the pool, and towards the entrance to the laboratory where Team Rocket is.
The same machine that cloned Meowth earlier is now processing all of the Clone Balls, and Ash grabs the one Pikachu is in just as the machine does as well. Fighting against the machine's many arms, Ash eventually manages to get the Clone Ball away, destroying the machine in the process. Pikachu is released from the Clone Ball and shakes himself off. Happily, he reunites with Ash, but the clones are now freed from their stasis tubes, prepared to join Mewtwo. The remaining Clone Balls are released from the machine in an explosion, and all open to free the Pokémon inside, including Squirtle, Bulbasaur, and their Poké Balls.
Mewtwo releases the other humans and is soon joined by its clone army. Ash emerges from the smoke with his and every Trainer's Pokémon and proclaims that they won't let Mewtwo's plan succeed. He tries to punch Mewtwo, but Mewtwo's force field knocks him down. Ash goes in for another punch, but this time Mewtwo sends him flying at a high point of the castle. Ash is saved from the blow by a large, pink bubble. The legendary Pokémon Mew comes onto the scene, having created the bubble that protected Ash. The playful Pokémon is soon targeted by a Shadow Ball from its clone, Mewtwo, who says that clones are far more powerful than the originals. Mew communicates with Mewtwo that a Pokémon's real strength comes from the heart, which is translated by Meowth. Disgusted, Mewtwo throws another Shadow Ball at Mew, who dodges it, but the blast hits Ash. With Mewtwo blocking all the Pokémon's special moves, a widespread melee begins between the Pokémon and their clones.
Ash survives the blast, but is horrified to see all the Pokémon fighting their clones, especially Pikachu getting slapped endlessly by his clone. He eventually falls back down to the stadium floor, prompting Misty, Brock, and Nurse Joy to come to his aid. They see now how horrible this kind of fighting is, and that the originals and clones will never give up, resulting in their deaths. Ash realizes someone has to take a stand and refuse to fight, like Pikachu is.
As Team Rocket also look on in horror, Meowth talks with his clone about how, no matter how different people are, they all share a lot in common on this planet.
Just as Mew and Mewtwo are emanating large auras of psychic energy in preparation for their most powerful energy blasts, Ash, angered by the continuous fighting, runs between them, demanding them to stop. The two blasts of energy strike with Ash in the crossfire, and due to the magnitude of concentrated power, Ash is turned to stone.
The stadium becomes silent, save for Pikachu, who runs to Ash's side. After trying to wake him up, Pikachu uses his Thunderbolt in vain, as Ash stays unmoving. Pikachu begins to cry at losing his friend, as do the rest of the Pokémon in the stadium due to Ash's sacrifice. The tears of all the Pokémon come together and magically revive Ash, bringing him back to life just like in the story Miranda told earlier.
After witnessing all of this, Mewtwo states that it does not matter who is more powerful, that the clones and originals both have value, and that the circumstances of one's birth is irrelevant: it is what one does with life that determines one's destiny. Mewtwo also says that it would be best if no one knew about what happened. When Mewtwo flies off, it tells Ash that it will find a place where it and the clones can live in peace. As a result, all of the memories of this event are erased from the Trainers' minds.
Ash, Misty, Brock, and everyone else instantly find themselves back at the Pokémon Center with no memory of their adventure on New Island. Nurse Joy is also back, offering shelter from the storm. Going out to the pier, Ash sees Mew in the clouds as the storm ends and tells Misty and Brock that when his journey began he saw a mysterious Pokémon, and now he believes he just saw another. Misty thinks that Ash was just imagining it, but Brock points out that maybe he wasn't. With that, the three friends prepare to continue their journey.
Meanwhile, Team Rocket, on the now-empty and green New Island and with no clue how they got here, decide to take a vacation as the credits begin to roll.
Major events
- Ash
- Misty
- Brock
- Jessie
- James
- Gary Oak (cameo)
- Giovanni
- Dr. Fuji
- Nurse Joy
- Officer Jenny
- Neesha
- Fergus
- Corey
- Miranda
- Raymond
- Announcer
- Team Rocket Grunts
- Other Pokémon Trainers
- Amber (Japanese home video release only)
- Pikachu (Ash's)
- Meowth (Team Rocket)
- Togepi (Misty's)
- Bulbasaur (Ash's)
- Charizard (Ash's)
- Squirtle (Ash's)
- Staryu (Misty's)
- Psyduck (Misty's)
- Vulpix (Brock's)
- Weezing (James's)
- Nidoking (Gary's)
- Arcanine (Gary's)
- Persian (Giovanni's)
- Donphan (Raymond's)
- Machamp (Raymond's)
- Golem (Raymond's)
- Venomoth (Raymond's)
- Pinsir (Raymond's)
- Gyarados (Fergus's)
- Seadra (Fergus's)
- Nidoqueen (Fergus's)
- Golduck (Fergus's)
- Tentacruel (Fergus's)
- Vaporeon (Fergus's)
- Pidgeot (Corey's)
- Scyther (Corey's)
- Hitmonlee (Corey's)
- Venusaur (Corey's, Bruteroot)
- Sandslash (Corey's)
- Rhyhorn (Corey's)
- Dewgong (Neesha's)
- Wigglytuff (Neesha's)
- Blastoise (Neesha's, Shellshocker)
- Vileplume (Neesha's)
- Ninetales (Neesha's)
- Rapidash (Neesha's)
- Fearow (Mewtwo's)
- Dragonite (Mewtwo's)
- Tauros (Team Rocket Grunts'; new; multiple)
- Onix (unnamed Trainer's)
- Alakazam (unnamed Trainer's)
- Magneton (unnamed Trainer's)
- Bulbasaur (Dr. Fuji's, Bulbasaurtwo; Japanese home video release only)
- Charmander (Dr. Fuji's, Charmandertwo; Japanese home video release only)
- Squirtle (Dr. Fuji's, Squirtletwo; Japanese home video release only)
- Mewtwo (anime)
- Mew (movie)
Pokémon seen with Trainers waiting for the ferry to New Island
- Caterpie
- Weedle
- Raticate
- Spearow
- Ekans
- Raichu
- Sandshrew
- Nidorino
- Vileplume
- Venonat
- Growlithe
- Poliwhirl
- Bellsprout
- Slowpoke
- Drowzee
- Kingler
- Electabuzz
Mewtwo's cloned Pokémon
- Venusaur
- Charizard
- Blastoise
- Pikachu (Pikachutwo)
- Bulbasaur
- Squirtle
- Psyduck
- Vulpix
- Meowth
- Gyarados
- Seadra
- Nidoqueen
- Golduck
- Tentacruel
- Vaporeon
- Pidgeot
- Scyther
- Hitmonlee
- Sandslash
- Rhyhorn
- Dewgong
- Wigglytuff
- Vileplume
- Ninetales
- Rapidash
- Main article: Pokémon the First Movie (soundtrack)
- The first anime special, Mewtwo Returns, is a sequel to this movie.
- Several moves were used by Pokémon in this movie that were not yet available in the games. Mewtwo used Shadow Ball, the clone Blastoise used Rapid Spin, and Raymond's Donphan, itself a Pokémon not available yet, used Rollout.
- Of the Pokémon seen in the movie, only Misty's Togepi, Misty's Staryu, Jessie's Arbok, and James's Weezing, were not captured and cloned by Mewtwo. Misty hid her Togepi in her bag, while Staryu, Arbok, and Weezing were not released from their Poké Balls during the gathering.
- Though Mewtwo owned a cloned Venusaur, Charizard, and Blastoise, they were not the clones of the same Pokémon owned by the Trainers on the island. They were supposedly cloned from Pokémon Mewtwo had previously acquired himself. Despite this, all three of the Trainers' Pokémon were captured by Mewtwo anyway.
- Despite numerous mentions and hints that Charizard, as well as its pre-evolution forms, will die if the flame on their tail goes out; both the Charizard clone and Charizardtwo were submerged in liquid with no visible flame while in their incubation chambers.
- Some of the Pokémon on the poster didn't appear in the actual movie itself.
- This is the only movie that does not feature Ash on the English cover. However, Pikachu does appear.
- The movie was re-released on DVD in Japan and contained the Japanese and English audio tracks along with the complete Origin of Mewtwo short.
- The home video release of the film had a trailer of the second movie and came with a free trading card.
- Pikachu's Vacation has the first appearances of the Generation II Pokémon Snubbull and Marill, and the feature film is the first appearance of Donphan.
- During EP063-EP065, scenes of Mewtwo breaking out of the lab and battling at the Viridian Gym can be seen. Furthermore, the film used footage of Gary Oak battling Mewtwo. The director's commentary jokes that they had to get a "stand-in" for Gary because his agent was asking for too much.
- This movie marks the only time in the anime that Pikachu is shown going into a Poké Ball, and only the second time he has come out of one (the other being in Pokémon - I Choose You!).
- This is the second time Ash dies and then comes back to life, the first being in The Tower of Terror.
- This movie and Arceus and the Jewel of Life are the only Pokémon movies to feature all of their generation's version mascots. Charizard, Blastoise, Pikachu, and Venusaur are all present in this movie, while Dialga, Palkia, and Giratina are present in the twelfth movie.
- Other than Corey, Fergus, and Neesha, a female fourth Trainer takes off from the pier on the back of a Fearow. She is seen flying alongside Fergus and Neesha and their Gyarados and Dewgong respectively. She likely never made it to New Island, unlike the others.
- This female Trainer and her Fearow are often mistaken as a continuity error involving Corey and his Pidgeot.
- Corey's Pidgeot continues to be shown as a Fearow while traveling to New Island.
- This movie is the only Pokémon material to be given a release on LaserDisc. It was packaged with the Pikachu's Vacation short.
- Although Mewtwo was cloned from a Mew, it is never stated to be the individual Mew present in the movie, nor is it even implied.
- Only three Mew are shown in the movies, which all take place during Generations 1 and 3 (with the second appearance being a brief cameo in Destiny Deoxys) so it can be assumed that these are all the same Mew, but it still does not prove that it is the Mew that Mewtwo was "created" from.
- Early in the film, Ash engages in a battle with another Trainer. The opponent's Golem, a Rock/Ground-type Pokémon, was defeated by an Electric-type attack from Pikachu. In the games, Ground types are immune to Electric-type attacks.
- In the English dub, three Pokémon are referred to by the wrong name. Pidgeot was called Pidgeotto, Scyther was called Alakazam, and Sandslash was called Sandshrew. In the audio commentary, 4Kids stated that they decided to leave the Alakazam error when they noticed it as something for the children watching to notice and because they felt it was plausible in context that Team Rocket could make a mistake.
- When Fergus releases his Gyarados into the water to ride on its back, its lips are blue instead of yellow.
- When Jenny's hat flies off, Miranda's loop-style earrings are completely colored in.
- When Fergus runs over to his injured Gyarados, his Nidoqueen has the color scheme of a Nidoking.
- During the scene in which Ash confronts Mewtwo, Rapidash was seen without flames. This was fixed in later releases.
- During the scene in which Ash is looking at Fergus's Pokémon, his Japanese voice can be heard over the voice of the Pokémon.
- On the DVD scene selection, Togepi is listed as Pokémon #152.
- About 28:45 (DVD release) into the movie, Ash's pupils are entirely brown instead of black with brown near the bottom part of the eye.
- Fergus states that all of his Pokémon are Water types, but he also has a Nidoqueen, a Poison/Ground-type Pokémon.
- Mewtwo is colored pink while it is creating the storm.
- When the clones enter with an explosion and emerge from the smoke, Pikachutwo's black-tipped ears are the same as a normal Pikachu and Golduck is a green-teal instead of blue.
- Despite Mewtwo cloning Fergus's Seadra, it is not seen battling its clone, yet is still seen flying off with the other clones at the end.
- Despite Mewtwo blocking the Pokémon's special abilities, when Pikachu comes across Pikachutwo, the clone can be seen with jolts coming out of its cheek pouches.
- However, the Japanese dialogue says nothing about the Pokémon's abilities being blocked, and they simply brawl out of pure hatred.
Dub edits
- During the battle between the Pokémon and their clones, the music that plays in the background is different in both versions: the Japanese version plays instrumental music very softly, while the English version plays Brother My Brother.
- When Pikachu is repeatedly shocking Ash to try to bring him back to life, Misty says "Pikachu..." in the Japanese version, and "Please, no..." in the English version. A commentary revealed that the dubbers had many alternatives for this piece of dialog, one of them being, "My bike..."
- In the French dub of the movie, Misty's Staryu does not make a sound when it is released from its Poké Ball. In all other versions of the film, Staryu's "voice" can be heard twice.
- Some scenes detailing the history of Mewtwo's creation, a full twelve-minute sequence, were added to later Japanese home releases of the movie, which also included the CGI edits made for the American release. The first scene centered around a group of explorers who found an ancient engraving of Mew and later its eyelash. The second detailed the history of Dr. Fuji and his attempts to clone Mew, as well as his daughter, who had died as a child. The final scene detailed a young Mewtwo's interaction with clones of the Kanto starters as well as Amber Fuji. Certain later international releases of the movie include these new scenes, and they were also made into a short known as The Uncut Story of Mewtwo's Origin, included on the international DVD releases of Mewtwo Returns. These scenes were adapted from the radio drama The Birth of Mewtwo.
- Giovanni denies that Mewtwo's armor is meant to suppress its powers in the dub, stating that it is rather meant to "focus" them. It is stated outright in the original Japanese that the armor is meant to suppress the bulk of its powers.
- Miranda's story about the power of Pokémon tears to revive people exists in the English version only.
- In the Latin American dub, Corey was referred to as Gary Oak.
- When Team Rocket are disguised as Vikings, Brock comments that he wasn't aware that they existed anymore. Ash replies that they mostly live in Minnesota, which is an obvious reference to the NFL team, the Minnesota Vikings.
- In the Danish version, Brock says Jeg vidste ikke vikingerne stadig fantes., and Ash replies Jo, men de turnere mest i Sverige. This is probably because at the time the vikings existed, the Danes were also Vikings.
- In the Japanese version's Danish subtitles, Ash says Vikingerne er et band. The Vikings is an old Swedish band, which is probably what Ash and Brock are referring to.
- In the Swedish dub, Brock says Jag visste inte att vikingar fortfarande existerade., and Ash replies Jo, men de hänger mest i Norge.. This being that real Vikings existed in both Sweden and Norway.
- In the Danish version, Brock says Jeg vidste ikke vikingerne stadig fantes., and Ash replies Jo, men de turnere mest i Sverige. This is probably because at the time the vikings existed, the Danes were also Vikings.
- Raymond's Machamp is shown coming out of its Poké Ball twice.
- In the English version, when Meowth complains about his hunger, Jessie takes out a frying pan and states that she could cook something, to which Meowth replies "Thanks, but the last time you cooked, you took out eight of my nine lives." In the Japanese version of this scene, Jessie simply points out that she's got a frying pan, to which Meowth replies that it is simply an iron pan, and therefore nothing to eat.
CGI edits made for the American theatrical release
- In the wide shot of Mewtwo facing Dr. Fuji, who is explaining to it how it was created, two large test tubes were shown positioned on either side of the screen in front of the characters and magnifying them. These were pushed off to the edge of the screen in the newer version of the film.
- When Mewtwo is being suited up into Giovanni's armor, Giovanni is shown to be covered in shadow (much like his first appearances in the anime). In the newer version the scene was changed so he could be seen better, probably because his identity in the anime had already been revealed in Battle of the Badge.
- A CGI panning effect was added to the Gym floor when Giovanni has Mewtwo battle a Trainer's Onix.
- When Mewtwo first summons the storm, the shadow color on its hand is changed from purple to pinkish-red.
- Mew floating up to the surface of the water in a bubble was completely re-animated.
- Throughout the film, the original hand-drawn clouds of Mewtwo's storm are replaced with more realistic-looking CGI clouds. The water in the storm is also altered to have different shades of blue.
- Mewtwo's castle is changed from hand-drawn to CGI.
- The shot of the big doors opening was replaced with CGI doors. When the door closes in front of Ash, the scene now pans all the way back to Team Rocket facing the door when it was originally a dissolve.
- Another CGI panning effect was added for the shot when Rhyhorn is charging towards Mewtwo.
- The big reveal of Mewtwo's stadium was rendered into CGI.
- The scene with Ash walking forward with all the rescued Pokémon was altered to have them fade into sight. In the original, they were drawn as black silhouettes slowly walking outward through the smoke and their bodies interacted with it more. This was also seen in the US trailer of Pokémon the First Movie.
- When Ash is looking down at the Pokémon fighting their clones, they were all originally drawn as silhouettes.
- The tears of life from the Pokémon were changed to CGI.
Scenes added to later home releases of the movie
Scenes edited from original release
In other languages
|Pokémon: První film
|Pokémon Filmen: Mewtwo Mod Mew
|Pokémon De Film: Mewtwo tegen Mew
|Pokémon Elokuva: Mewtwon vastaisku
|Pokémon: Le premier film
|Pokémon, le film: Mewtwo contre-attaque
|Pokémon - Der Film
|Πόκεμον η πρώτη ταινία
|Pokémon: Az első film - Mewtwo visszavág
|Pokémon Il Film
|포켓몬스터1탄 : 뮤츠의 역습
|Pokémon Filmen
|Pokémon: Film Pierwszy - Zemsta Mewtwo
|Pokémon O Filme: Mewtwo Contra-Ataca
|Pokémon O Filme: Mewtwo Contra Mew
|Покемон: Фильм Первый - Мьюту наносит ответный удар
|Latin America
|Mewtwo Contraataca
|Pokémon, la película: Mewtwo contraataca
|Pokémon - Filmen
External links
- An article about the Japanese edits
- Wikipedia article
- Pokémon: The First Movie at IMDb
- Pokémon: The First Movie LaserDisc Release
|This movie article is part of Project Anime, a Bulbapedia project that covers all aspects of the Pokémon anime.


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Cleaning Your Violin
Proper cleaning of your violin, as part of our Instrument Care & Maintenance video series.
Traveling with your Cello
Traveling with your instrument can be tricky, especially if you play cello. Read our tips.
A Silent Violin?
Aren't violins made to be heard? Why would you want a silent violin? We explore the advantages.


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Sol 71 Update on Curiosity from USGS Scientist Ken Herkenhoff: Observation Tray17 October 2012
The third scoop of soil was successfully acquired, and partly processed by CHIMRA, dumping part of it on the observation tray. So MSL is back on track despite the unavailability of MRO data relay and other communications problems. MRO has exited safe mode and is expected to resume relaying MSL data today. The plan for Sol 71 is to use CHIMRA to sieve the sample and deliver it to CheMin, the mineralogy instrument inside the rover. It will be the first Mars sample for CheMin, an event that has been eagerly anticipated. The Mastcam will then take pictures of CheMin's sample inlet to confirm that all went well. Other Mastcam and ChemCam observations were also planned for Sol 71. I was not scheduled in a tactical role the past 2 sols, so have been catching up on other work before I'm back on as SOWG Chair for Sols 72-74.


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MIIS Career Fair 2014
February 4, 2014
The The Institute's 2014 Career Fair will take place on Friday, February 28th at the Monterey Conference Center. This annual event, which is for the Institute students only, attracts top employers from around the world.
Last year, more than 100 organizations attended including Driscoll's, eBay, Facebook, Kiva, Omprakash and the U.S. State Department. In total, employers scheduled over 300 follow-up job interviews with MIIS candidates. Employers comment that MIIS graduate students come with a background in languages, focused global training, and immersive experiences in the field that paired with a strong work ethic present a highly desirable profile.
For more information about the 2014 Career Fair and events leading up to it, contact the Center for Advising and Career Services.


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* Prices may differ from that shown
At some point during my adult life I've been through just about every exercise fad there has ever been. Callanetics didn't pass me by either and in the eighties when it was all the rage and I was a teenager I bought several of the books written by Callan Pinkney on this new, exciting form of exercise that was supposed to tone your body beyond recognition. I still have the books but they now sit dusty and unused on my bookshelf.
I was unable to decide if I should choose one of my books to review but as they are all very similar in the exercises I decided to plump for this "general Callanetics" section instead.
Callan Pinkney created Callanetics after she herself had back problems but something I didn't realise at the time is her back problems were from excessive lordosis which is too much arching of the lumbar area of the spine and of course she designed the exercises to suit her particular problems.
This is a problem for lots of us because nowadays with our sedentary lifestyles and spending hours sitting at the computer (typing reviews for Dooyoo...) lots of us have the opposite problem and use too little lordosis and tend to flex our spines instead. This means the Callanetics method of tucking the pelvis under into a posterior tilt is actually exactly what we don't need to be doing.
The exercises use a series of tiny movements to achieve the toning, so you would position yourself so the muscle is contracting and then move it further into contraction by a movement about a quarter of an inch to push the muscle further. The books and DVDs vary in the areas they cover but usually it's the common problem areas such as the glutes, the abs, the bingo wings and the legs. Some programs are an hour long and some less and some require 100 reps of each exercise and some less than that.
When I was a carefree, pain-free teenager these exercises were something I did when I got home from work. I'd do them before I ate and after a few weeks of doing them I did indeed have a fairly flat stomach but sadly not the peachy buttocks she claims you will have. The exercises are hard, don't ever assume they are easy because they are such small movements. The whole holding the position so the muscles contract leads to cramps if you're not careful and the muscles aren't used to doing these particular types of movements so they fatigue rapidly.
After your first few sessions of Callanetics you will have pain! The muscles groan at the thought of another session and areas hurt that you previously were unaware of!
I would say if you have too much of an arch n your lumbar spine these would be ok for you to do until that problem decreases but if you have a neutral arch or a back prone to flexing or being flat these are dangerous for you. I notice a few reviewers have compared Callanetics to Pilates and say Callanetics tones much better. It does but the pelvic position of Pilates is much better for your back. It's much more advisable to do Pilates style positioning and if you need extra toning use resistance bands to do the exercises. As far as abdominal work goes Pilates will tone the abs just as well as Callanetics anyway and teach the muscles to support the spine in its proper position instead of a flexed one.
The whole craze of Callanetics has died down now, these days the majority of people recognise the neutral spine position is far superior so I'm sure lots of people have dusty, unused books on their shelves too! However lots of the books and DVDs are still available online for a few pounds even if classes of Callanetics aren't commonplace anymore.
Overall it's a good method of toning the outer muscles and will make a difference to them in a short space of time but the amount of difference is limited. After a few weeks of Callanetics whatever you have achieved is pretty much as far as it goes, or that's what I found anyway. It's fine for people with too much lordosis but if you're a spine flexer and let your back slump into a C curve shape when you sit you should give Callanetics a wide berth.
It's hard to rate it really, I'll have to give it about 2 stars as it is effective for some and dangerous for others. I won't be pulling my Callanetics books out anytime soon except maybe to take them to the charity shop to make space for more up to date and safe exercise books.
Callanetics is a totally unique and incredibly effective exercise method. It was famous in the 80's for the speed in which it tones the body and for the safety of the exercises. Even though the DVD's look a bit dated now the exercises are still better than anything else I have ever tried. Pilates just doesn't compare in terms of toning power and speed of results. The great thing about Callanetics is that there is no danger of injuring or straining yourself. You just work at your own pace and watch the inches drop off. There are two new DVDs that have just been released called "Callanetics Evolution" and "Cardio Callanetics". I've got them on order and as soon as they arrive I will do a review of them. Anyone looking for quick and impressive results should definitely give Callanetics a go. You won't be disappointed. Go try it today!
I used to do lots of other workouts, aerobic, cardio, pilates etc, but they never worked! When me mam mentioned Callanetics, I looked it up on the net and got pretty interested so I bought the book (1p off amazon! mega bargain =] ) After just about 5 days of doing a half of all the exercises I'd lost almost 2 inches off my body, but I guess there wasn't much to lose, being size 8 at the time. I just have a few dodgy areas. I've exercised since being about 8, am 14 now. After about 2 months, I'm size 4 (At 5ft 7"!!!) =D YAY! My friends are amazed but I'm keeping this a secret. I would definately recomend this cuz it gets you SO taut and flexible, I even feel more energetic! =] (no more back twinges either, even fixed me knee injury through this!) IT'S FANTASTIC! Totally unbeatable. A couple adults I am friends with noticed my book and asked, so I introduced them to the callanetics. Sadie went from size 14-16 to size 8-10 in just over 2 months, me Auntie went from size 18 to size 10 in 2 and a half months, me mam's friend went from size 14 to size 4, she's a wee bit petite so it's ok! Me main Physical Education teacher asked me if I knew any good methods for weight loss, as she just had triplets, so I told her about callanetics and she was back to size 6 in no time! When me mam was younger, she did these and maintained a size 6, despite having a huge appetite! Problem is, she cant anymore due to virutally incurable injury on her pubic bone due to my violent natural birth =[ it would have been ok if the nurses gave her the proper exercises for post-me-being-born care.. Pilates is slowly helping to regain strength, along with loooads of supplements, like Chlorella, Spirulina, Silica, MSM etc etc etc. With Callanetics, you don't really NEED to go on a diet, but if your looking for quick inch-loss, then it's recomendable, it's always good to be healthy! I'm eating more food now cuz I know I won't gain weight, but I don't pig out at fast-foods places, I eat healthy food and am vegetarian, sometimes vegan, just depends =] I am definately more graceful and flexible, I feel like living plasticine sometimes.. that's a good thing! And I'm sure the spine stretches have made me an inch taller.. =D I did used to have terible posture though, I let me bum stick out horribly and that gentle spine curve near your bum (I think thats lumbar..) curved FAR TOO MUCH! But now that I pay special attention when it comes to the pelvic moves, me spine is much straighter, and I always pull me pelvis upwards/forwards which makes your tummy go mega-flat! trust me =] Mind you, if your really weak and have got ABSOLUTELY NO MUSCLE, I would recomend building up some core stability etc. I better stop nattering on, but just know that these are the best exercises known.. and thats coming from me, hate exercise, hate diets.. hate the wait! These just smash it all!
katerinakam - 29.01.08I am a certified Callanetics teacher and I teach Callanetics method for over one year now, in Greece.I have only seen people feeling great after a Callanetics hour.Instead, I have complanes for back problems after pilates classes. The inches lost in less than a month-three hours a week Callanetics lessons is fantastic.You should only trust a certified Callanetics teacher.I have best resalts myself too,and pictures of my clients to prove it. Thank you. All comments for this review
I did Callanetics for years and, yes, it did work. I certainly toned up my flabby bits and became more flexible. I then went through a very unhealthy period and became very unfit indeed! When I got back into exercise the fitness world had moved on and I decided to try other things. It's then I realised what a complete waste of time Callanetics had been. I did four one hour sessions a week of Callanetics and they actually took longer once I had moved all the furniture around to set up a makeshift barre etc. Callanetics involves no cardiac work whatsoever so anyone who is into fitness would need to add on some aerobics sessions. I have found that I can achieve the same results nowadays with short workouts using weights. The complicated and uncomfortable Callanetics bottom-toning exercises have been replaced with lunges. The worst thing about Callanetics is that I constantly suffered from back pain when I did it. I rather stupidly thought this was due to being unfit and it would soon go. Recently I picked up a fitness magazine and read a piece on how Callanetics had lost favour with the fitness world and back problems was one of the reasons. If you do still fancy Callanetics I'd advise you to go to a class (if they still have them), but you'd probably be better off doing pilates.
I dug out my Callanetics video having not done them for about eight years and I was pleasantly surprised at it's impact. The repetitions are well, repetitive, but if approached with a relaxed mind and plenty of time in hand, then it's very enjoyable. The results can be almost instantaneous. I felt tauter and believe it or not, taller after two weeks. The only thing that seemed dated on the ten year old video were the dreadful kit they were all wearing, but other than that, it had stood the test of time very well.This is Callan Pinckney, as mentioned in a previous opinion.
I have been doing this exercise programme for about 5 years now. It is suitable for all ages and levels of fitness, as it is non impact, and several videos are available for different levels. The videos are taught by a woman called Callan Pinckney, who developed the whole program herself. Callanetics consists of many repetitions of tiny movements which target specific muscles. The main areas are stomach, legs, hips and bum. The exercises may look easy, but actually take quite a lot of effort, but the results are well worth it.


text: I mean it - I enjoy the posts on former players and the former game immensely. Thanks all... My problem, and it really does bother me, is that I can find little enjoyment in the modern pro game. For example, I used to tape and watch and eat up the Slams years ago. I'd work all day, come home , pop in the tape, and be all eyes and ears. And the US Open late night sessions - just a blast to anticipate. Fact is, I (this does bother me) I did not watch one match in its entirity during the last US Open!!! I enjoy the posts here, and I thought this might be a good place to look for therapy. My need - for you who really know and enjoy the pro game, what should I learn to appreciate about the present male/female pro game? As a lover of our game, what do I need to tune into to enjoy the talent and evolution of today's game? My background - I revel in the game of the 80's - late 90's. Thanks for reading this - any tips might really let me see what a lover of the game really appreciates today... Thanks


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COURSE: 05-471 Methods of Teaching Reading and the Integrated Language Arts, 4-9 (3)
This course examines the theories and practices appropriate for balanced reading and language arts instruction and assessment at the intermediate and middle school levels (4-9). The emphasis of the course is on learning important theories as a foundation for sound instruction and assessment decisions that will result in student proficiency with the English language and the ability to apply language and thinking skills to many different genres, concepts and situations. Effective reading and writing instructional strategies and assessments, including those that address the specific needs of second language learners, are modeled and practiced. This course also fulfills a part of the advanced writing requirement. Prerequisite: 2.75 GPA; Consent of Education Advisor; 05-240 and 05-353. Offered: Every semester.


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Hi i would like to know how to declare a multi dimensional vector and then later initialize its size.
normally id declare and init a vector like :
vector< vector<Tile> > tiles(50, vector<Tile>(50));
creating a multidimensional vector with 50 rows and 50 cols.
i know how to declare a vector and not init its size :
vector< vector<Tile> > tiles;
but how can i later declare the number of rows and columns.