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Summaries of EU Legislation
Summaries of EU legislation: direct access to the main summaries page.
- Archived: true
Commission Action Plan towards an Integrated Internal Control Framework
The Commission sets out the measures it must take to achieve the objective of an integrated internal control framework as proposed in the corresponding roadmap. The European Court of Auditors issued a qualified statement of assurance in 2004. Although the statement was broadly positive, it reflected the complexity of the issues facing the Commission in implementing the budget of the European Union (EU) and the challenge it faces in providing the Court of Auditors with satisfactory audit evidence.
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the European Court of Auditors of 17 January 2006 entitled "Commission Action Plan towards an Integrated Internal Control Framework" [COM(2006) 9 final - Not published in the Official Journal].
For each financial year, the European Court of Auditors (ECA) issues a Statement of Assurance (DAS) as regards implementation of the budget for which the Commission is responsible. In this connection, the Commission must provide the ECA with audit evidence for each financial year. Given the present Commission's objective of obtaining a positive DAS during its term of office, it is proposing to introduce an integrated internal control framework.
The communication reports on the progress made since the roadmap and on the gaps identified and lays down the main practical measures to be taken in 2006-07 with a view to introducing a coherent internal control framework. The concrete proposals for action have been grouped around four themes:
- simplification and common control principles;
- management declarations and audit assurance;
- single audit approach: sharing results and prioritising cost-benefit;
- sector-specific gaps.
Simplification and common control principles
The Commission is aiming to simplify as much as possible the regulatory framework proposed for the period 2007-13, including expenditure eligibility rules. Integrating common internal control principles will ensure that all stakeholders will be bound by a fundamental set of control principles. These common principles will also provide the ECA with a clearer basis for auditing management processes and procedures.
In order to ensure that supervisory and control systems are in place to limit the risk of any irregularity, it is necessary to demonstrate the assurance and to provide evidence that the control strategy is effective.
The Commission wishes to initiate an inter-institutional dialogue on the definition of reasonable assurance in terms of tolerable risk in underlying transactions.
Management declarations and audit assurance
In order to promote management declarations and audit assurance, the Commission intends to encourage declarations at operational level and the drawing up of synthesis reports at national level for each policy area.
Other measures proposed by the Commission in order to promote management declarations and audit assurance are aimed at:
- examining the utility of management declarations outside shared and indirect centralised management mode;
- promoting best practices for increasing the cost-benefit of audits at project level;
- facilitating additional assurance from supreme audit institutions (SAIs) regarding the management of Community funds.
Single audit approach; sharing results and prioritising cost-benefit
In order to avoid duplication of control work, sharing control information makes for greater effectiveness at each level in the chain. In the single audit approach, the sharing of audit and control data is key to improving the targeting of audit and control efforts.
A model for determining costs and for estimating and making an initial analysis of the costs of controls must be introduced for shared management and centralised indirect management.
The Commission stresses the importance of initiating pilot projects for evaluating the benefits to be gained from the different controls.
Sector-specific gaps
The proposed integrated framework must be capable of flexible application given the varying nature of individual EU policies. The Commission proposes measures for closing the gaps via management plans, with back-up in the form of annual activity reports from its participating departments.
The controls under shared management (in particular as regards the Structural Funds) at regional level must be analysed, and especially the existing statements. In this connection, promotion of the "contracts of confidence" initiative for the Structural Funds provides audit assurance on an annual basis.
Lastly, the Commission proposes establishing common guidelines per policy family in 2006 and 2007 in order to adopt consistent approaches, notably with regard to management of the risk of errors in the Structural Funds.
For the Action Plan, the Commission has based itself primarily on:
- ECA Opinion No 2/2004 on the "single audit" model (and a proposal for a Community internal control framework);
- the Commission communication of June 2004 on a roadmap to an integrated internal control framework;
- the assessment of gaps between the internal control framework within the Commission departments and the control principles set out in Opinion No 2/2004 of the Court of Auditors;
- four Commission working groups that helped in October 2005 to draft the questions to be addressed in the communication;
- the conclusions of the ECOFIN Council of 8 November 2005;
- the reactions of the European Parliament and the Court of Auditors.
Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the European Court of Auditors on the progress of the Commission Action Plan towards An Integrated Internal Control Framework [COM(2007) 86 final - Not published in the Official Journal].
Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament and the European Court of Auditors of 15 June 2005 on a roadmap to an integrated internal control framework [COM(2005) 252 final - Not published in the Official Journal].
Opinion No 2/2004 of the Court of Auditors of the European Communities on the "single audit" model (and a proposal for a Community internal control framework) [Official Journal C 107, 30.04.2004].
These two documents provide the reference framework for the Action Plan. They should help to set in place an integrated framework for ensuring effective and efficient internal control of European funds. This framework should be the basis on which the ECA will draw up the DAS.
Last updated: 19.04.2007


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Associate Professor of Law
Senior Fellow, Center for National Security Law
J.D., University of Chicago Law School, 1998
B.A., Williams College, 1993
Ashley Deeks joined the Law School in 2012 as an associate professor of law after two years as an academic fellow at Columbia Law School. Her primary research and teaching interests are in the areas of international law, national security, intelligence and the laws of war. She has written a number of articles on the use of force, the intersection of national security and international law, and the laws of war. She is a member of the State Department's Advisory Committee on International Law and serves as a senior contributor to the Lawfare blog. Deeks also serves on the editorial board for the Journal of National Security Law and Policy, and is a senior fellow at the Lieber Institute for Law and Land Warfare.
Before joining Columbia in 2010, she served as the assistant legal adviser for political-military affairs in the U.S. Department of State's Office of the Legal Adviser, where she worked on issues related to the law of armed conflict, the use of force, conventional weapons and the legal framework for the conflict with al-Qaida. She also provided advice on intelligence issues. In previous positions at the State Department, Deeks advised on international law enforcement, extradition and diplomatic property questions. In 2005, she served as the embassy legal adviser at the U.S. embassy in Baghdad, during Iraq's constitutional negotiations. Deeks was a 2007-08 Council on Foreign Relations international affairs fellow and a visiting fellow in residence at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Deeks received her J.D. with honors from the University of Chicago Law School, where she was elected to the Order of the Coif and served as comment editor on the Law Review. After graduation, she clerked for Judge Edward R. Becker of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
"Confronting and Adapting: Intelligence Agencies and International Law," 102 Va. L. Rev. 599 (2016).
"Multi-Part Tests in the Jus Ad Bellum," 53 Hous. L. Rev. 1035 (2016).
"Intelligence Communities, Peer Constraints, and the Law," 7 Harv. Nat'l Security J. 1 (2016).
"Intelligence Communities and International Law: A Comparative Approach," in Comparative International Law (A. Roberts et al. eds, Oxford Univ. Press, forthcoming 2016).
"Checks and Balances from Abroad," 83 U. Chi. L. Rev. 65 (2016).
"An International Law Framework for Surveillance," 55 Va. J. Int'l L. 291 (2015).
Taming the Doctrine of Preemption," The Oxford Handbook on the Use of Force, Marc Weller ed., OUP (2015).
"Domestic Humanitarian Law: Developing the Law of War in Domestic Courts," in Derek Jinks et al., eds., Applying International Humanitarian Law in Judicial and Quasi-Judicial Bodies: International and Domestic Aspects 133 (Asser Press/Springer, 2014).
"Consent to the Use of Force and International Law Supremacy," 54 Harv. J. Int'l L. 1 (2013).
HeinOnline PDF
"The Geography of Cyber Conflict: Through a Glass Darkly," 89 Int'l L. Stud. 1 (2013).
SSRN | HeinOnline (PDF)
"The Observer Effect: National Security Litigation, Executive Policy Changes, and Judicial Deference," 82 Fordham L. Rev. 827 (2013).
SSRN | HeinOnline (PDF)
"Unwilling or Unable: Toward a Normative Framework for Extra-Territorial Self-Defense," 52 Va. J. Int'l L. 483 (2012).
SSRN | HeinOnline (PDF)
"Iraq's Constitution: A Drafting History"(with Matthew Burton), 40 Cornell Int'l L. J. 1 (2007).
HeinOnline PDF
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In the Media

subset: commoncrawl


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NORTHFIELD, Minn. – Jenny Ramey (Sr./Cottage Grove, Minn./New Life Academy) recorded her fourth career game with 20-plus points and Emma Purfeerst (Sr./River Falls, Wis./River Falls) contributed her 15th career double-double, but the short-handed Carleton College women's basketball team lost 57-47 to visiting Augsburg College on Wednesday night.
Due to injuries to three starters, the Knights (5-19, 3-18 MIAC) had only six players available yet managed to threaten the Auggies (12-12, 9-12 MIAC) during the second half.
After a back-and-forth opening six minutes, Augsburg used a 13-2 run spanning eight minutes to build a double-digit lead. Ramey drained a three pointer as the first half expired to pull the hosts within 32-25 at the break.
Momentum from that basket carried over after intermission as Carleton kept chipping away at the deficit. Ramey had nine points during the Knights' 14-3 run that pushed the home team in front, 36-35, with 12:53 still to play.
Augsburg's Ashley Anfinson answered with three of her team-best 18 points to stop the Carleton surge and ignite the Auggies on a 19-4 burst that put the game out of reach. Jenna Orth also used that spurt to work towards here double-double, totaling 14 points and 10 rebounds to go along with five assists.
Ramey finished with 20 points and a career-best nine rebounds, while Purfeerst tallied 10 points, 10 rebounds, and a career-high tying three blocks. Gabbi Stienstra (So./St. Paul, Minn./Minnehaha) chipped in 14 points. Jessica Huang (Sr./Millbrae, Calif./Taipei American School) notched the other three points. All four scorers registered at least 38 minutes of action, with Ramey and Purfeerst playing the entire contest.
"I am really proud of the effort tonight," said Carleton head coach Cassie Kosiba. "We were able to get the shots we wanted in the second half, we just needed a few more to fall."
The Knights wrap up the season with a Senior Day doubleheader against Macalester College on Saturday, Feb. 22. The women take the court at 1 p.m. followed by the men at 3 p.m. Live video for both games will be available via Knights Online.


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September 5, 2009
LA Premiere announced... better get online now!
Thanks to the super sleuths at CullenBoysAnon who discovered New Moon's LA Premiere is set for Monday, Nov 16th 2009 at the Mann Village and the Bruin Theatres in Westwood, LA!
If you're in the California area, best go grab a spot while you can for some quality cast spotting ;)
Thanks Ali
- Lorabell
14 comments:
DARN!.. Nothing ever happens on the East Coast :(ReplyDelete
- AnonymousSeptember 5, 2009 at 3:46 AM
Ahem, discovered on a tip from me, but what evs. AliReplyDelete
- AnonymousSeptember 5, 2009 at 3:48 AM
Yesss no class on Mondays! Totes going.ReplyDelete
Sorry Anon 10.41 - I didn't see your tip, but thanks :)ReplyDelete
Too bad they don't swing by Alaska...bet the paps wouldn't bother them too much up here!ReplyDelete
OME I totally have Mondays off but I'm conflicted wether I should go or not.ReplyDelete
I don't like flying solo and I wouldn't know what to do if I managed to get myself there =T
- AnonymousSeptember 5, 2009 at 4:54 AM
Is this actually 2 theaters?ReplyDelete
I looked it up (because, you know, you can Google it =P) and I i found that apparently they are across the street from each other.
Anyone from LA can give more information? We need to plan where to pitch our tent ;)
Thanks in advance!!!
PS: New Moon Premiere is listed at http://www.manntheatres.com/premieres/upcoming.php so it's official!!!
- AnonymousSeptember 5, 2009 at 5:39 AM
BTW, I just checked and the moon phase for November 16th is... NEW MOON!!!!!!ReplyDelete
I was just checking for fun!!! I thought "Wouldn't it be fun if... and it was!!!
The starts (and satellites) are aligned in our favor =) LOL
how do i get tickets!!!!ReplyDelete
Okay what do you guys think? 2 theaters will be showing it?? I am so down to go..But to which??!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousSeptember 5, 2009 at 11:36 AM
does any one no when the london one is ?????????ReplyDelete
i live like hours away from it and am so up for taking the jouney if the parentals will let me :)
- AnonymousSeptember 6, 2009 at 3:59 AM
They should have the big first premiere here in BC since they are filming it here =)ReplyDelete


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Chevy Silverado 2500 HD - One-Stop Shopping
Custom + Warranty = This HD Chevy
Cruising through the SEMA show in Las Vegas, we were stopped in our tracks by a Silverado HD with a commanding presence and a great stance. Upon closer inspection, we were a bit surprised to find that this truck wasn't built to show off just one particular product, but rather a complete package, the Dale Earnhardt Jr. Signature Series.
Advanced Truck, in Gilroy, California, offers several packages to truck dealers, and not just Chevrolet. Working with companies like RBP, Magnaflow, KMC, and upgrading Dodge and Ford trucks as well, Advanced Truck can build a custom lifted truck that can be driven off the lot with a warranty. The best part about Advanced Truck's upgrades is that they are truly customizable. They have several go-to packages that are popular, but they can also help you handpick parts from dozens of companies to get just the truck you want. Inline Image
For the Dale Earnhardt Jr. Signature Series truck, the crew at Advanced Truck started with a Crew Cab longbed 2500 and bolted on a suspension that would match the rest of the truck's tremendous size and capability, a Cognito Motorsports 12-inch lift. The Cognito suspension was upgraded with a set of Fox remote-reservoir shocks, two on each corner, to handle the massive 40x14.5R20 Toyo Open Country M/T tires. Of course, the Dale Jr. Edition comes equipped with his own wheels, the Dale Jr. Cannon from American Racing, sized 20x10.
The bold chrome tribal and real fire graphics are also another touch you're probably not used to seeing on a truck you can pick up brand-new off the lot, and is unique to the Dale Jr. Signature Edition. Most of the trucks that Advanced Truck build use the factory color.
The already-potent Duramax diesel now flows and sounds much better thanks to a 5-inch particulate-filter-back Magnaflow exhaust system. The remainder of the upgrades are found inside the truck, as a Sony sound system thumps with three 10-inch subs under the rear seat as the signals come in through a Sony XAV-W1 head unit. Entertainment is handled by Sony XVM-B62 monitors, one in each of the front headrests. Overall, this package proves that with some help from talented builders, custom truck possibilities are endless right off-the-lot.


text: Here be spoilers, be ye fairly warned. Ok, I just reached page 197 of the TNG novel Before Dishonour, and have just read words to the effect of "The bastards ate Pluto!" for the second time. Really? I had heard rumours that the Destiny-era books were questionable, but this is categorically the worst drivel I've read in a while, and I read a lot. It's been a long time since I actually had to put a book down and walk away lest my disgust overwhelm me; should I even bother to pick it up again? I've seen people claim that Voyager "ruined" the Borg, but the "Villain Devaluation" which came as a result of that show is nothing in comparison to this so-far-unmitigated disaster zone. Even setting aside the Borg debacle, the writer of this book can't keep their characters straight for more than a few pages. Take the Enterprise's new security chief; one moment the author is emphasising the character's utter disdain for Admirals of any kind save for a single exception, and the next he's plotting mutiny against his Captain at the behest of two Admirals. I'll probably force myself to finish the book, as I hate leaving a story unfinished-even a bad one-, but if this book is indicative of the quality of Star Trek fiction these days, I doubt I'll bother with the rest.


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Heather Nyberg
Beacon Correp
If you have driven down Main Street Fortuna in the past week you have most likely come across the three massive art sculptures in the center island at the intersection of Fortuna Boulevard and Rohnerville Road.
In December of 2011 the Fortuna Riverlodge received some "trashy" guests in the form of three statuesque deer created out of recycled tools and metal by local artist Linda Wise. The deer were commissioned and donated to the city of Fortuna by two Fortuna residents who wish to remain anonymous.
The city accepted the donation and during a City Council meeting discussed and decided on a location for the three pieces of fine art for Fortuna Boulevard and Rohnerville Road intersection.
Councilman Mike Losey reflects, "I think they are fantastic! I like that they are made out of metal products that would have otherwise been discarded. I think that making use of that in the form of art is great."
Wise was honored by the city of Eureka in 2008 as the Artist of the Year for her recycled material sculptures. As reported back in December, Wise works for a local garbage company as the environmental compliance and safety manager. Wise shares, "I see quality in what others throw away. My art points out that there is value in everything."
Fortuna residents see the value, too. Joyce Mitchell reflects, "They are fantastic! At first glance I thought they were real. We have so much artistic talent in our area."
The art is appreciated by all ages as 4-year-old Quinn Stokesberry shares, "They are for Christmas" and 11 year old Caleb Barnwell pointed them out to his mother reflecting, "I want to do that! They are so cool."
Others immediately saw the future value in the new art for its example to youth. Ageana Tibbett states, "I think they are great. It's about time we start incorporating art into our town landscape. The fact that it is recycled art is even better. Items saved from our landfills and turned into something cool to look at is fabulous! Good job, city of Fortuna!"
Sydney Myers, Lee Chapman, and Cherie Anaya have nothing but praise and appreciation for the art as they drive through town.
The hope of the two donors is that the community will appreciate the art and that it will encourage creativity, recycling, and ingenuity. Nancy Hill-Silva sees those hopes and some of her own, reflecting, "I hope they don't get vandalized; they look so nice."
For more information about Linda Wise or these sculptures, email email@example.com or call 445-3135. If you would like to find out more information about a potential public art program or discuss it with the city, call 725-7600.
photo caption:
Photo by Heather-Nyberg Schlotzhauer
The city of Fortuna received a donation of three recycled tools and metal sculptured deer which now have a new home at the intersection of Fortuna Boulevard and Rohnerville Road.


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Chocolate Chip Frozen Yogurt with Caramelized Rum Bananas
This summer I finally purchased my very own ice cream maker. For a few weeks, I was in heaven. I whipped up this Chocolate Hazlenut Gelato and this Reese's Penaut Butter Cup Ice Cream. Unfortunately for me, I have no self control when it comes to dessert. If it is in my house, I will eat it. Guaranteed. For the past four or five months, my wonderful Cuisinart Ice Cream maker has sat dormant in its box, in a high away shelf. Much to my chagrin (well, not really), Food and Wine featured a fantastic recipe for Chocolate Frozen Yogurt with Caramelized Bananas, using greek yogurt. I was hooked. I went straight to the grocery store where I picked up some fresh bananas and came home and got to work. The recipe calls for first caramelizing bananas. It was only with the tiniest bit of self restraint that I managed not to eat all of the caramelized bananas before they made it into the ice cream. They were that good. Thinking it wouldn't be possible to top them, the ice cream did just that. Slightly tangy courtesy of the greek yogurt, perfectly chocolatey, and with the hint of bananas and brown sugar, this recipe is fantastic.The best part? According to Food and Wine, it is moderately healthy, coming in with a measly 99 calories and 6 grams of fat per 1/2 a cup. That makes it a winner in my book.
Chocolate Chip Frozen Yogurt with Caramelized Rum Bananas
Servings: approximately 1 quart
- 2 tablespoons unsalted butter
- 2 large ripe bananas, cut into 1-inch rounds
- 2 tablespoons light brown sugar
- 1 tablespoon dark rum
- 1/2 cup plus 3 tablespoons skim milk
- 2 1/2 tablespoons unsweetened Dutch-process cocoa powder
- 2/3 cup granulated sugar
- Pinch of salt
- 1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract
- 1 1/4 cups 0% plain Chobani Greek yogurt
- 1 cup semisweet chocolate morsels
- In a nonstick skillet, melt the butter.
- Add the bananas in a single layer and sprinkle with the brown sugar. If neccesary, add a second layer of bananas and brown sugar. Cook over moderate heat, turning the bananas, until caramelized, 8 minutes.
- Turn off the heat, add the rum and swirl the pan to dissolve the sugar. Do so for approximately 1 minute.
- Scrape three-quarters of the bananas into a food processor and add 3 tablespoons of the milk. Puree until smooth. Transfer the puree to a small bowl and freeze until chilled, 15 minutes.
- Chop the remaining bananas and freeze until chilled.
- In another bowl (or Kitchen Aid mixer), whisk the cocoa with the granulated sugar, salt, vanilla and the remaining 1/2 cup of milk. Add in the yogurt until smooth.
- Stir in the banana puree.
- Transfer the mixture to an ice cream maker and freeze according to the manufacturer's instructions until nearly frozen. With the Cuisinart mixer, this will be 20-25 minutes.
- Mix in the chopped bananas and chocolate about at minutes 10-15.
- Scrape the frozen yogurt into an airtight container, cover and freeze until firm, at least 2 hours.


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No Way He Should Be Head Coach Next Season Or By The Allstar Break
No Way He Should Be Head Coach Next Season Or By The Allstar Break
Knicks 2012
I thought it was a brilliant move to start Gallo over Chandler. After all, Wilson already had his best game of the year against SA. He drove to the hoop at will against them. No way he would match that. He had 28 points last time. Gallo is coming off an injury and 2 weeks off. Brilliant move.
Mike D Would Rather Lose Than Go Deep Into The Rotation And Don't Give Me That Crap About Bad Bench Because We Have More Talented Guys On Our Bench Than San Toni And They Get To Play
Knicks 2012
I honestly can't look at this guy anymore like seriously. He annoys me everytime I see him.
Weatching This Game It Is Clear To Me Dantoni Doee Not Know What To Do In A Half Court Set Why Are We Posting Amare On The Free Throw Or Allowing Him To Create Off The Dribble
Also We Need A Back Up Pg
Knicks 2012
I agree. We will continue to lose with this guy. Gotta be someone better available
anyone have Dolan and JVG twitter accounts??
Same as you. I can`t stand to see that idiots face.He is the biggest moron in basketball.
Seriously, Wilson Chandler guarding Tim Duncan ??????????
Right, because even though we are having our best season in 10 years we should fire the coach midseason, institute a regime change, a new offensive system, a new defensive system over the next few months, have growing pains, lose more games while we attempt to institute that system, and finish out of the playoffs. Good idea.
Knicks 2012
What a well thought out and comprehensive thread...not! As kblack pointed out we r still having our best season in close to a decade. Before the season people would of been happy with the 8th seed yet now everyone wants to be title contenders with one star ignoring we need another star to compete. Our roster is incomplete, we have cap or a trade coming yet people want to blame D'ant as if another coach is found to magically have our inferior roster catapult us ahead of Orlando, Atlanta, Chicago, Boston and Miami. Let's scrap the system so Felton can go back to crappy production...that's the key to success!
Firing a coach midseason should be reserved for teams underachieving. As Trillion pointed out, we would have been happy with an 8 seed, and some ON THIS WEBSITE thought we weren't going to make the playoffs. WE are not underachievers.
If you want to fire him post-season, have an offseason to institute new schemes offensively and defensively I have less of a problem with that. But anyone seriously suggesting that a team entrenched in the playoffs, likely to make it in the 6th seed, when nobody projected them higher than 7 in the offseason (and many projecting them worse than that), should fire their coach, should seriously consider suicide.
Edit: And - can we institue a new rule on this board? If you are going to make a suggestion like "Fire The Coach" - come up with a realistic replacement, and reasons why said replacement would do better than D'Antoni. I challenge anyone to name a coach that, with this team, would have us in serious championship contention.


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de Toucqueville pretty much makes it understandable to me why I have not had my poetry embraced by The Paris Review or the so called gods of literary merit. He writes, conjecturing on a literature created by people of means and leisure (aristocrats):
Moreover, the long and peaceful enjoyment of such wealth will have induced a certain softness of thought and feeling, and, even in their enjoyments, they will avoid anything too unexpected, or too lively. They would rather be amused than deeply moved; they want to be interested, but not carried away.
This passage explains to me why I have often been shunned by grad students, and fellow writers–why my books are reviewed, often positively and as a form of qualified praise, as exalting the ugly and the incongruous. This explains to me why some of my best students, while learning everything they could, never showed the slightest inclination to respect me as a poet. My work is not "amusing." I don't like middle and neutral registers of speech for their own sake, do not find them comforting, nor will I embrace fake experimental poems that are "different" in the same way everyone else is different (Projection by field theory, non-linear progression anyone?). Although the middle class sees a huge difference between Fence and Prairie Schooner, I don't. One publishes polished, within the norm experimental language poetry, and the other publishes polished, within the norm non-experimental poetry, and both do not venture into any nomenclatures, syntax, or diction beyond the usual careful and self-conscious MFA program. I do not consider them refined, but, rather, bland to the point of putting me to sleep. Most of the elite lit mags out there now, no matter what "camp" they belong to, share one thing in common: bland-speak, a fully professional and neutral register of speech that is intelligent, refined, competent, and devoid of poesis. Alexis de Tocqueville was writing in 1848, pre-Whitman, about an American literary scene that could not stop imitating the worst "aristocratic" pretentions of the Europeans, especially the British. He could very well be describing what passes for "excellence" in American poetry at this moment. Sad… Here's some more excerpts:
It will sometimes happen that men of means, seeing none but themselves, and only writing for themselves, will entirely lose sight of the rest of the world, and that will make their work far fetched and sham. They will impose petty literary rules for their exclusive use, and that will gradually make them lose first common sense, and then contact with nature.
…wanting to talk a language different than the vulgar, they will end up with a brand of aristocratic jargon which is hardly less far from pure speech than the language of the people.
de Tocqueville is conjecturing on an aristocratic literature. Academic poetry has always embraced such an ideal, even when supposedly attacking it. Alexis goes on to prohesy that an American literature sprung truly from the soil of democracy would be lively, but unrefined, poor on rules of thumb, sacrificing refinement to vitality. He claims (and I think rightly) that the great moments in literature for any nation come during the transition periods, the brief but dynamic wars–in this case between aristocratic and democratic influenced literature. Just six years later, Leaves of Grass would make its appearance amid a flowering of works by Emerson, Thoureau, the New England Brahmins, and, at the same time, the first great regionalists, and the far more democratic and "vulgar" writters of the west (Mark Twain). de Toucqueville's analytical abilities border on demonic intuition. I'll leave you with a final excerpt in which he writes of a literature born of democracy:
By and large the literature of the democratic will never exhibit the order, regularity, skill, and art characteristic of aristocratic literature; formal qualities will be neglected if not despised. The style will often be strange, incorrect, overburdened and loose, and almost always strong and bold. Writers will be more anxious to work quickly than to perfect details. Short works will be commoner than long books, wit than erudition, imagination than depth. There will be a rude and untutored vigor of thought with great variety and singular fecundity. Authors will strive to astonish more than to please, and to stir passions rather than to charm taste.
Alexis could be defining the warring camps of advocates for the cooked and the raw, the formalists or the beats, the academics or the spoken word artists. He had us down to a science before we became us! He also is smart enough to submit these are extreme views of two tendencies, and to present the fact that there will be many gradations between these two poles, and some of the best writers will arise from the dynamic of these tensions rather than from embracing one or the other way.
Reading de Tocqueville is a lesson in astonishment. In a few pages he did much to clarify for me what the problems confronting American poetry, and my own poetry are. In my case, I am neither academic nor Spoken word, meaning both camps both encourage me yet consider me unpolished (or too polished). At any rate, I can't recommend a book enough–especially if you want a measured, sober,intelligent guide to your own country.


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Chris Mooney | February 28, 2008
By Chris Mooney • Thursday, February 28, 2008 - 18:21
I couldn't believe my eyes when I saw it. There was my latest issue of Skeptical Inquirer magazine – the "Magazine for Science and Reason" – and on the cover were the words:
"Let's Cool It on Global Warming–Bjorn Lomborg."
I was stunned.
I started my professional career working for Skeptical Inquirer. My last book was excerpted there, and I'm currently a contributing editor.
Typically, the magazine debunks real nonsense–pseudoscience, claims about the paranormal, quack UFO visions, that kind of thing. And I'm totally with them: Crop circles are a prank, there's no Bigfoot or Nessie, and that untested herbal remedy you're taking might well be dangerous.
And yes: The face on Mars is just an interesting rock formation.
So what on earth was Skeptical Inquirer doing publishing someone like Lomborg–who, as I have shown here at DeSmogBlog, and as others have shown elsewhere, remains scientifically inaccurate when it comes to discussing the real risks posed by global warming?
Lomborg consistently–and irresponsibly–downplays the worst case scenarios that we have to worry about if we just continue to unrepentantly pollute the atmosphere with heat-trapping gases. And sure enough, here he is doing it in Skeptical Inquirer, right at the outset of his article:
Man-made climate change is certainly a problem, but it is categorically not the end of the world. Take the rise in sea levels as one example of how the volume of screaming is unmatched by the facts. In its 2007 report, the United Nations estimates that sea levels will rise about a foot over the remainder of the century. While this is not a trivial amount, it is also important to realize that it is not unknown to mankind: since 1860 we have experienced a sea level rise of about a foot without major disruptions…We dealt with rising sea levels in the past century, and we will continue to do so in this century. It will be problematic, but it is incorrect to posit the rise as the end of civilization."
This is claimed by Lomborg and Skeptical Inquirer to be the approach supported by "facts and reason.
But in fact, it's nothing of the sort.
First of all, it's not like we can suddenly stop worrying about sea level rise after the year 2100. Furthermore, the United Nations estimate cited by Lomborg is being outrageously misused. That UN report (PDF) fully admitted that its sea level rise projections for the year 2100 do not include "rapid dynamical changes in ice flow."
Which, of course, is what everyone is really afraid of.
Here's the glaringly obvious and completely terrifying fact: If we don't do anything about global warming, if we just let it rip, we run the risk of eventually (no one knows exactly when) destabilizing the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets. And if these fall in the ocean we're talking about a sea level rise of many feet, not inches, and the resultant loss of major coastal cities, like New York.
How do we know this? Well, in a part that Lomborg doesn't cite, the self-same United Nations report explains: "The last time the polar regions were significantly warmer than present for an extended period (about 125,000 years ago), reductions in polar ice volume led to 4 to 6 m of sea level rise."
That's the world we're heading back to if we don't alter course quickly. In ignoring this fact, in simply pretending that all we have to do is worry about an inch of sea level rise, Lomborg is disqualifying himself from being taken seriously.
So what on earth is Skeptical Inquirer doing publishing him?
I think several things are going on here. One is simply that Lomborg employs the rhetoric of "science and reason" even as he actually abandons both. But alas, for someone who doesn't really know anything about global warming yet prides him or herself for supporting critical thinking, Lomborg might sound convincing.
Still, Skeptical Inquirer certainly ought to know that not everyone who claims to have science on his or her side actually does. Anti-evolutionists claim the support of science. So did tobacco companies. Indeed, they helped spin off an entire "sound science/junk science" movement that is basically dedicated to calling good science bad and bad science good.
But I think something else is going on here as well, far beyond naievete. A few issues back, Skeptical Inquirer published a very respectable two-part series of articles by Stuart Jordan laying out the mainstream scientific position on global warming (see here).
This was all to the good.
But perhaps in part because the organized "skeptic" movement in the US has so many overlaps with global warming denying free-market libertarianism–for complex reasons that I can't really address here–Jordan's articles caused a Skeptical Inquirer reader uproar, leading to several further responses from the author (see for example here).
And now, suddenly, we find Skeptical Inquirer publishing Lomborg.
I really support Skeptical Inquirer. I want it to do well. But to preserve credibility, it needs to cast aside the skeptic-libertarian readers who simply refuse to accept the overwhelming reality of global warming.
In this sense, publishing Bjorn Lomborg–whose claim to the mantle of science and reason cannot possibly be sustained–was a huge step backward.
Show that AGW "skeptics" aren't skeptics at all
In John Cook's words (http://www.skepticalscience.com/):
"Scientific skepticism is a healthy thing. Scientists should always challenge themselves to expand their knowledge, improve their understanding and refine their theories. Yet this isn't what happens in global warming skepticism. Skeptics vigorously criticise any evidence that supports anthropogenic global warming (AGW) and yet eagerly, even blindly embrace any argument, op-ed piece, blog, study or 15 year old that refutes AGW."
Time to "get skeptical about the skeptics", so to speak. Show the "skeptics" for who they are.
Frank Bi, http://globaldumbing.tk
Troll replied on Permalink
Time to "get skeptical about the skeptics", so to speak. Show the "skeptics" for who they are.
Good idea. I sooo agree. They should be recognized for being the only remaining intellegent people left.
Bjorn Lomborg is such a refreshing voice or reason in a sea of alarmist nutbars.
Stephen Berg replied on Permalink
Bjorn Lomborg is guilty of
Bjorn Lomborg is guilty of flawed statistical analysis that the Danish scientific community rejected his analysis.
Troll replied on Permalink
Bjorn Lomborg is guilty of
Bjorn Lomborg is guilty of heresy against doctrine.
Nothing more.
He has the courage to be honest in the face of religrous dogma.
More "skepticism"
The "skeptics" are so "skeptical" that they just keep repeating mantras.
All the peer-reviewed work by climate scientists all over the world is summarily dismissed as "religrous [sic] dogma". And a silly book by Lomborg which argues that polar bears can evolve like Pokemon is touted as the "voice or [sic] reason".
Again, that's AGW "skepticism" for ya.
Frank Bi, http://globaldumbing.tk
Rob replied on Permalink
Wrong Again, Stephen Berg
"Bjorn Lomborg is guilty of flawed statistical analysis that the Danish scientific community rejected his analysis."
"Q: Wasn't Bjorn Lomborg proved scientifically dishonest?
A: No. Using a critique written by Lomborg's critics in the Scientific American (January 2002), the Danish Committee on Scientific Dishonesty (DCSD) found that The Skeptical Environmentalist was objectively scientifically dishonest on January 7 2003. However, on December 17 2003, the Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation completely rescinded this finding. It released a 70-page evaluation criticizing at least 13 points in the DCSD report, three of which individually would have led to it being rescinded.
It found the DCSD verdict "dissatisfactory", "deserving [of] criticism" and "emotional." Most importantly, the Ministry found "that the DCSD has not documented where [Lomborg] has allegedly been biased in his choice of data and in his argumentation, and that the [DCSD] ruling is completely void of argumentation." The case was finally dropped by DCSD March 12 2004.
While Lomborg's critics continue to quote the DCSD's 2003 verdict, it has been rescinded and found to be "dissatisfactory," "emotional" and "completely void of argumentation." An independent Dutch group of scientists analyzed the DCSD verdict and found that the comittee "delivered an almost totally political verdict."
Great "skeptical" "logic" again
If Lomborg says Lomborg isn't dishonest, then it must be true!
Goes to show once more the high degree of "skepticism" being exercised by the "skeptics".
Frank Bi, http://globaldumbing.tk
rob replied on Permalink
Frank Bi: Not the sharpest knife in the drawer
"If Lomborg says Lomborg isn't dishonest, then it must be true!"
What if the Danish government says so? – Since, uh, that's who actually said it.
And Frank, don't you think it would be fair to let the other residents of your group home have a chance to play with the computer, too?
"don't you think it would be
"don't you think it would be fair to let the other residents of your group home have a chance to play with the computer, too?"
Is there a scientific argument here?
More "skepticism" in action, I see.
Frank Bi, http://globaldumbing.tk
GreyFlcn replied on Permalink
Still not honest though.
I will agree though, the original DCSD was invalidated, and there was no follow up claim.
Doesn't mean he's right. Just means the original argument against him was sloppy.
That said
Lomborg is simply wrong, Here's why, in detail:
http://climateprogress.org/2007/09/14/debunking-bjorn-lomborg-cool-it-sea-level-rise/ http://climateprogress.org/2007/09/17/debunking-bjorn-lomborg-cool-it-water-heat-waves-global-warming/
rob replied on Permalink
Sloppy: A consistent theme
"Doesn't mean he's right. Just means the original argument against him was sloppy."
Yes, if by "sloppy", you actually mean fallacious, and hence, completely unsuccessful. Not unlike the subsequent arguments.
But then, sloppy seems to be a theme with AGW enthusiasts: http://tinyurl.com/22wcov
You meant _this_,
You meant _this_, rob?
(discussed below)
Frank Bi, http://globaldumbing.tk
Another screaming "skeptical" idiot...
…who so proudly proclaims himself to be a "Troll".
That's AGW "skepticism" for ya.
Frank Bi, http://globaldumbing.tk
bill replied on Permalink
Good Link
True scientists are naturally skeptical especially when there's a political agenda lurking largely in the background.
Just when the looney lefties thought they had successfully pushed the new religion of Gorebal Warming firmly down our throats comes a shocking report…
Yes, believe it or not, the earth is not getting warmer any longer, in fact it's cooling down, and fast! Unless Gulfstream Gore can figure out a way to blame the precipitous drop in global temperatures over the last twelve months on increased CO2 levels, he'll have to find another way to raise taxes on corporations other than his ridiculous Cap and Trade idea or similar proposals. Proposals which, by the way, result in all of us paying more for everything we buy and consume and give our oversized government even more control over our lives.
Here's the scoop. The four major temperature tracking organizations report a .75C drop over the last twelve months; almost enough to wipe out the entire warming of the past 100 years claimed by Climate Fanatics. Check out the link below for details. This should be good news, but if the trend continues we could be headed for another Little Ice Age. Remember the TV drama The Day After Tomorrow? It's not a pretty picture as the US is completely covered by an ice sheet and Americans become illegal aliens as they flee for their lives to Mexico! Yes, as difficult as it might be to accept, we may have no choice but to drive even bigger SUV's, burn more coal and oil, and fly around the world more often on vacation in hopes that increasing CO2 levels might warm our freezing planet enough to save humankind from extinction.
So what's next? Will the Old York Times report this as the big news item that it is, or will it be buried on page 39b? Will CNN's Wolf Blitzkrieg bring this to the forefront at prime time or somehow just fail to report it at all? Will schools that have been making kids watch Gore's deliberately deceptive "Scary Movie" both here and abroad remove it from their curriculum and have to apologize to students and parents for teaching falsehoods based on pseudo science? Will Gore create an even stranger new religion that taxes ice cubes? We will have to wait and see, but in the meantime there's one really cool event that I can't wait to see……
The sweetest moment of all will be when Gore is forced kicking and screaming to give back his Nobel Prize!
Bill http://www.dailytech.com/Temperature+Monitors+Report+Widescale+Global+Cooling/article10866.htm
Woohoo, yet more cutting-edge "skeptical" "science"
Yet another so-called "skeptic" who enthusiastically embraces some half-baked argument without even making the slightest effort to check the facts.
Guess what, I debunked this silly "proof" you quoted just yesterday:
Executive summary:
What the DailyTech "proof" tried to do is to take two data points, draw a straight line, and call it a "global cooling" trend. Yeah, great.
The nice thing is, the same method was used back in 2006 to "prove" that global warming came to an end in 1998. Of course, that didn't happen, which is why our denialists now have to adjust the "end date" and "prove" that global warming came to an end in 2007.
Anyone wants to bet our denialist friends won't adjust the "end date" again?
(But hey, why should a "skeptic" care? After all, "skepticism" is about mindlessly regurgitating every piece of denialist "news" that comes along, no? By the way, the link to John Cook I quoted is up against precisely this rubbish.)
Frank Bi, http://globaldumbing.tk
Zog replied on Permalink
I eagerly followed your
I eagerly followed your links to where you claim to have "debunked" the recent calculations of declining global temperature, and all that I found was a two-years-old essay in which you debated (not debunked) Carter's conclusions. That's false advertising.
Who (other than you) interprets Watts', summary to mean that "global warming stopped in 2007"? An unbiased reader would see only that temperature is currently declining much more rapidly than in the previous 8 years, but there is no suggestion of a hiatis. For the last decade, the trend has been undeniably downward, and one doesn't have to start graphing from the tip of the 1998 peak to get that result. Do a simple equal areas projection for 1998- 2007 and the trend line slopes downward to the right. Period. The end. Full stop. Whether or not that is significant is a matter for debate but, you scupper your credibility when you pretend that it hasn't been happening.
Ian Forrester replied on Permalink
Wrong, wrong and wrong again
ZOG, where do you get your misinformation from? Do you make it up yourself or do you spend too much time on the denier web sites? Why not spend some time actually reading up on the science of climate change. there are a number of easily accessible web sites which give a very good background in the science.
As I showed another of the neuronally-challenged trolls a few months ago, the data DO NOT SHOW A DECLINE IN TEMPERATURE OVER THE PAST 9 TO 10 YEARS.
Here are the most recent data from GISS (Dec - Nov numbers)
1995 - 0.46
1996 - 0.38
1997 - 0.40
1998 - 0.70
1999 - 0.49
2000 - 0.42
2001 - 0.54
2002 - 0.70
2003 - 0.65
2004 - 0.61
2005 - 0.75
2006 - 0.65
2007 - 0.75
The right hand column shows temp anomaly in degrees C based on the 1951-1980 average.
Then I did a series of regressions to give the slope of temperature change over a number of yearly ranges:
1995-2007 - 0.026
1996-2007 - 0.028
1997-2007 - 0.026
1998-2007 - 0.020
1999-2007 - 0.034
2000-2007 - 0.035
Right hand column represents the rate of change of temperature in degrees C for the given period (slope of the linear regression line). No matter which year you pick as a starting year the slopes are all positive, indicating RISING TEMPERATURES.
How can anyone with even the lowest level of statistics say that temperatures have remained constant over the past 9 - 10 years, let alone say that they have dropped? For anyone who claims to be "an expert in statistics", (M, M and W) it shows that they are liars.
So do us all a favour and stop repeating the nonsense that global warming stopped in 1998, 2000, (take any year you want it still won't work).
Ian Forrester
Clearly Zog got his info
Clearly Zog got his info from denialist sites; you can tell because he chose 1998, that unusually hot year because of El Nino, for his end date; and 2007 with its colder La Nina winter for the other end date.
Zog replied on Permalink
VJ, I guess that you missed
VJ, I guess that you missed this sentence in my original post: "For the last decade, the trend has been undeniably downward, and one doesn't have to start graphing from the tip of the 1998 peak to get that result."
Not that it matters a damn, since several of your previous posts ranting about evil, greed-driven corporations have established that your only interest in the GW debate is a burning elitist desire to dismantle society - for the greater good of course.
I'm guessing that you're quite young, and your 1960s rhetoric doesn't fit too well in 2008. Where did you pick it up? Mummy and Daddy? A hippy professor? Just wonderin'.
Troll replied on Permalink
GISS Crap
hey Ian.
Thats FUNNY. GISS DATA. LOL
Do a little background reading on Hansen's now famous Fudging.
GISS data is about as acurate as licking you finger and sticking it out the window.
He manipulates old temperatures down and new ones up to propogate his myth.
What incredible noncense.
Only devout cultists trust anything out of GISS anymore.
The tired old "models are useless" meme
"Do a little background reading on Hansen's now famous Fudging."
Frank Bi, http://globaldumbing.tk
Keith replied on Permalink
Ian, Try this. Go to
Try this. Go to http://www.remss.com/pub/msu/monthly_time_series/RSS_Monthly_MSU_AMSU_Channel_TLT_Anomalies_Land_and_Ocean_v03_1.txt
and plot the global monthly temperature anomaly from January 2001 through January 2008. Then plot a linear regression line through that data. Observe the zero slope. (Technically it's slightly negative, but approximately zero.)
No one denies that the earth was warming slightly from the 70's through 2000. However, since then, there has been no global warming, even though CO2 levels have continued to slowly increase. It will be interesting to see if the recent cooldown in global temperatures continues. I, for one, hope not since a global cooldown to Little Ice Age levels would likely be much more devastating than the slight warmup we were seeing throughout the 80's and 90's.
Ian Forrester replied on Permalink
Do you understand the differences between GISS and RSS?
There are differences between GISS and RSS that make GISS the preferred data set for following GLOBAL warming. Do you know what that difference is?
Ian Forrester
Keith replied on Permalink
Of course. The difference
Of course. The difference is that the satellite data is likely quite a bit more accurate. Regardless, do the same thing with the GISS data. Go to http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata/GLB.Ts+dSST.txt and graph the monthly global temperature anomaly from January 2001 through January 2008. Plot a linear regression line through the data and notice the slope of zero. (OK, technically a very slight positive slope, but essentially zero.)
Zog replied on Permalink
Ian - of the available data
Ian - of the available data sets for the period in question, you have arbitrarily referred only to the one which is least reliable and which, coincidently, shows the greatest warming. Now why would you do that, I wonder?
The accuracy of raw GISS inputs is well outside of the range of temperature variations being measured, i.e., they aren't significant numbers. NASA (Hansen et. al.) attempts to correct the deficiencies by applying undefined "corrections". Not too many years ago, handling empirical data like that was known as "cooking".
Satellite measurements of lower troposphere temperatures by microwave sounding units (MRUs) aren't perfect either but, at least they aren't subject to gross human errors in sensor location, they deliver consistent records over land, sea and ice, and they are much less susceptible than land-based stations to heat island effects. In other words, they are late 20th and early 21st century technology.
GISS and the slightly more reliable Hadley CRUT data are still derived from obsolete technology incorporating huge scope for human error.
GISS, HadCRUT and MSU all show a rising temperature trend from 1979 to 2008 but, from 1998 onward (the time interval that we are discussing), the GISS trend is, as you calculated, gently rising, and the trend from the more reliable satellite data is downward at about 0.12°C/decade.
In absolute terms, the plotted GISS temperature anomaly for the period 1979 to 2008 is roughly 0.2°C larger than that obtained from MRU. Within the range of variability under consideration, that is one hell of a big number! The HadCRUT curve falls about halfway between the GISS and MRU curves. Interestingly, the three data sets converge at the 1998 el Niño and current la Niña events. Damned if I can figure out why.
Ian, your snotty first paragraph is quite typical of your Neanderthal approach to anything related to scholarship, and your selective presentation only of data supportive of your cause is downright deceitful. Unfortunately, even some senior warmists (eg. Mann, Hansen) aren't averse to using such tactics when it suits their purpose, so I guess that you're a good disciple.
Keith replied on Permalink
Actually Zog, if you
Actually Zog, if you re-range the GISS data to use a 1979-1998 zero-point mean (the same year span used by the satellite data for their mean), you will see that you will end up shifting the GISS data downward by about .24 deg C. It then matches up more closely with the satellite data. The GISS team uses a 1951-1980 mean to define the zero-point for their temperature anomalies. The GISS data just looks warmer because the 1951-1980 years were on average slightly colder than the 1979-1998 years. I'm sure it's just coincidence that the GISS team chose a cooler zero-point for their anomaly numbers.
Zog replied on Permalink
"The GISS team uses a
"The GISS team uses a 1951-1980 mean to define the zero-point for their temperature anomalies."
"I'm sure it's just coincidence that the GISS team chose a cooler zero-point for their anomaly numbers."
Thanks Keith. I should have tumbled to that.
Ian Forrester replied on Permalink
As expected neither ZOG nor Keith understand AGW
Your answers are just a load of rubbish. It does not matter what you take as your baseline since we are discussing trends not absolute values. Read some basic maths and physics then come back and discuss it.
You also missed the other major reason why GISS is more representative of GLOBAL warming.
If you don't understand what GLOBAL means then you are even more ignorant than I thought.
Ian Forrester
Zog replied on Permalink
O.K., Ian, now you can quit
O.K., Ian, now you can quit grunting and snuffling, put your knuckles back on the ground and shuffle back into your cave. Maybe someday you'll learn to communicate with civilized people. Some warmists have mastered the art.
And speaking of communication - of course the important issue is the downward TREND of global temperature - not the absolute values. Try reading my post again, if that doesn't make your lips sore.
"You also missed the other major reason why GISS is more representative of GLOBAL warming." Did I now?
The reason that it is representative of global warming is that it's an artificial construct tweaked (sorry, "corrected") to fit the theory. The juggling of data to yield a desired result is an affront to science and a public disgrace.
Ian Forrester replied on Permalink
I do do communicate with civilized people
It's ignorant trolls like you that I get upset with.
Why don't you come out from behind your ridiculous name and tell us who you really are and then slander Dr. Hansen? If you are so sure of your "facts" then you would not need to hide, that is a sign of an ignorant coward.
By the way the reason GISS is better for GLOBAL temperatures is that RSS doesn't go poleward of about 80 degrees. Thus it omits the areas of the GLOBE with the highest amount of warming.
You are one ignorant and disgusting person.
Ian Forrester
Zog replied on Permalink
And there are, at most,
And there are, at most, about a dozen permanent surface stations "poleward" of 80°. You should stick to biotech, at which you are such an enormous success (sarc off).
Ian Forrester replied on Permalink
You show that you know nothing of how GISS is calculated
Why are you such an ignorant troll? Why not identify yourself like a man would?
Ian Forrester
. . . or woman Fern
… or woman
Fern Mackenzie
Ian Forrester replied on Permalink
Point taken
Ian Forrester
rob replied on Permalink
Well ...
Ian Forrester impotently raged:
"Why not identify yourself like a man would?"
Hmm, not a very prudent idea, given that there are psychotic snap-jobs who collect guns, like Ian Forrester, out there.
Keith Hogan replied on Permalink
Ian, did you bother to
Ian, did you bother to download the GISS data and plot it? If you need help understanding how to use Excel, just let me know, and I'd be happy to lead you through how to do it. Please do this and at least look at the point I was trying to make before you start slinging ad hominem attacks in my direction.
Ian Forrester replied on Permalink
Where did you think I got the data from?
Do you think I just made up these numbers? You are as silly as your troll friend ZOG.
You are the ones using ad hominem attacks, not me. If you act in a stupid, ignorant and demeaning manner I will respond, but it is not an ad hominem attack merely showing you the truth about yourselves.
Ian Forrester
Keith replied on Permalink
Ian, so you agree that
Ian, so you agree that according to the GISS data there has been no warming for the last seven years (Jan. 2001 through Jan2008)?
Ian Forrester replied on Permalink
Do you know how to do linear regressions
No, I don't agree with your conclusion that "according to the GISS data there has been no warming for the last seven years (Jan. 2001 through Jan2008)".
A linear regression of the data I presented above for temperature anomalies between 2001 and 2007 show an INCREASING TREND OF 0.0225 degrees C per year.
Are you just being stupid on purpose or do you truly not understand how temperature trends are calculated?
If I have made any error I would welcome you pointing it out to me but I believe that what I have done is correct.
Ian Forrester
Keith replied on Permalink
Ian, no offense, but I have
Ian, no offense, but I have no interest in data you posted without any links for me to verify its veracity and context. I'm using data directly from GISS's monthly update site at: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata/GLB.Ts+dSST.txt
Please do the same, and plot the monthly global anomaly data from January 2001 through January 2008. Please tell me if the slope of a linear regression trend line through this data is not approximately zero. To do this, create a chart with your data, right click on the trend line, and select Add Trendline…
Ian Forrester replied on Permalink
Here are the data I used
Mmmmm seems to be the same data you used so how come you get "approximately zero"?
I used the D-N data since I did the original analysis in December.
I stand by my conclusion that the temp trend for 2001 to 2007 is 0.0225 degrees C per year.
If you plot the monthly temps you get a slightly lower value but these numbers are not "approximately zero."
Ian Forrester
Approximately 0 = _not_ 0
I'm starting to wonder now if "approximately zero" is just a sneaky way of saying "not zero".
Frank Bi, http://globaldumbing.tk
Keith replied on Permalink
Ian, thanks for the link to
Ian, thanks for the link to your data. It helps to understand the discrepancy. Your link only includes land-based meteorological stations and does not include sea surface temperatures as the link I gave you does. You are correct that a plot of monthly temperatures from the land-only data from Jan. 2001 through Jan. 2008 has a positive linear regression slope, but for that time span, it is only about .013 deg C per year. For the land plus sea surface temperature data from GISS, the slope is about .005 deg C per year. I consider .005 deg C per year to be essentially zero considering the magnitude of error in the measurements themselves.
As an aside, I so wish I had Excel when I was in college! Compiling lab results would have taken 1/10th the time.
Ian Forrester replied on Permalink
I'm glad that we can now agree on our conclusions
I can now see where your selection of data gives a lower increasing trend than the set I chose. However, neither set gives credence to those who claim global warming stopped in 1998, 2001 or any date they care to choose. The rate of increase has slowed a bit but it is still increasing.
Nowhere in the science does it claim that the increase in temperature should be linear. There are a number of factors which determine global temperature though CO2 is still the main driver.
Ian Forrester
Keith replied on Permalink
Ian, I guess we'll have to
Ian, I guess we'll have to agree to disagree. The GISS data over the time period Jan. 2001 through Jan. 2008 shows .005 deg C per year of warming. I claim this to be essentially zero, while you claim this to be significant enough to be called an increase. The satellite data, which I've already stated I believe to be more accurate, shows .004 deg C per year of cooling over the same time period. However, I make no claim that this is significant, but rather once again a data point showing essentially zero change for the past 7 years.
Regardless, thank you for eventually participating in a rational, intelligent discussion. I wish more of these type of discussions could take place online between people who disagree without the mindless vitriol from both sides.
Stephen Berg replied on Permalink
Keith, you'd believe
Keith, you'd believe satellite data over actual instrumental data? That's a sign of poor judgment and is similar to if one were to try and guess the weight of someone based on their height and their appearance rather than to get them to stand on a scale and actually measure their weight.
Satellites derive temperatures and are not necessarily accurate. Instruments (i.e. thermometers) actually measure the temperature.
Keith replied on Permalink
Stephen, satellites use an
Stephen, satellites use an instrument called a Microwave Sounder Unit to convert microwave radiation measurement into a temperature.
Ground stations use an instrument called a thermocouple to convert a millivoltage produced by a junction of two dissimilar metals into a temperature, or an instrument called a thermistor or an RTD to convert a resistance measurement into a temperature.
All of these temperature measurement methods have the capability for errors due to inaccurate calibration or various inaccuracies in the measurement of the variables themselves.
Based on your comment, I must assume that you do not understand how temperature is measured. Somehow, however, you feel qualified to accuse me of poor judgement. Must all of these discussions start with attacks?
Ian Forrester replied on Permalink
The satellities do not measure temperature
There is a vast difference between actual thermometers, whether they be mercury in glass, thermistors or any other form of thermometer than MSU. The biggest difference is that thermometers are actually calibrated before they are distributed. They can be re-calibrated any number of times during use to ensure that they are not drifting.
The MSU's do not measure temperature directly but "they measure radiances in various wavelength bands, which must then be mathematically inverted to obtain indirect inferences of temperature" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_temperature_record)
Thus there is a wide distribution of thoughts on the actual mathematical conversions to be used (Spencer and Christy even managed to get simple errors included in their original transformation).
Thus it is a big stretch of the imagination to suggest that the satellite measurements are "more accurate" than readings from real thermometers.
There have been numerous errors found and corrected in the readings and conversions of the MSU data.
The reasons that MSU temperatures are considered more accurate by the deniers is that the original data by Christy and Spencer showed very low temps compared with ground measurements. Thus they (AGW deniers) jumped on the bandwagon that "AGW has been disproved". Unfortunately for them the errors in the measurements were found and now the MSU data and land based measurements are in good agreement.
However, the damage has been done and deniers still believe the original results of Christy and Spencer. I often wonder would would have happened to MSU data if Christy and Spencer's error had been in the other direction, i.e. had resulted in much warmer temps.
Ian Forrester
Keith replied on Permalink
The MSU instruments are
The MSU instruments are routinely calibrated as described here: http://ghrc.msfc.nasa.gov:5721/sensor_documents/msu_instrument.html
I have not been able to find documentation on how often the MMTS sensors used by the majority of the ground stations are calibrated. If you have a link to this, I would be interested in seeing it.
The ground stations also do not measure temperature directly. They generally rely on a thermistor which measures resistance. This resistance is then mathematically converted to a temperature.
I agree with you, Ian, that the temperatures measured by satellite and the temperatures measured by land instruments are generally in close agreement. My problem with the land instrument record is that it is subject to many more subjective interpretations such as instrument location, urban heat island effect, etc. To the GISS team's credit, they seem to be doing a decent job of correcting for these effects such that their post-1979 data is in relatively close agreement with the satellite data.
One area I've been trying to research is how the GISS corrections to land-based data have changed data values prior to 1979. Do you happen to know of any GISS websites which show global temperature anomaly estimates both prior and after the corrections they now apply? I've been able to find this for individual stations, but not for the global estimate.


text:
I am using this site to teach myself C++ and am doing very well. I am taking notes on everything that I read (hell I even write down the quizes and grade myself). One thing that I don't really understand is the following question:
What is the result of the folowing code:
The answer to the question is: ZeroHello WorldCode:
switch(x) {
case1: cout<<"One";
case0: cout<<"Zero";
case2: cout<<"Hello World";
I just don't understand how the program would come out with this out come. Can anyone help me understand?


text:
ICD-10 Diagnosis Code P05.13
Newborn small for gestational age, 750-999 grams
Diagnosis Code P05.13
Short Description: Newborn small for gestational age, 750-999 grams
Long Description: Newborn small for gestational age, 750-999 grams
This is the 2018 version of the ICD-10-CM diagnosis code P05.13
Valid for Submission
The code P05.13 is valid for submission for HIPAA-covered transactions.
Code Classification
Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (P00–P96)
Disorders of newborn related to length of gestation and fetal growth (P05-P08)
- Disord of NB related to slow fetal growth and fetal malnut (P05)
- Disorders of newborn related to length of gestation and fetal growth (P05-P08)
Information for Medical Professionals
The ICD-10 and ICD-9 GEMs are used to facilitate linking between the diagnosis codes in ICD-9-CM and the new ICD-10-CM code set. The GEMs are the raw material from which providers, health information vendors and payers can derive specific applied mappings to meet their needs.
- 764.13 - Lt-date w/mal 750-999g (approximate) Approximate Flag
The approximate flag is on, indicating that the relationship between the code in the source system and the code in the target system is an approximate equivalent.
Information for Patients
Birth Weight
Birth weight is the first weight of your baby, taken just after he or she is born. A low birth weight is less than 5.5 pounds. A high birth weight is more than 8.8 pounds.
A low birth weight baby can be born too small, too early (premature), or both. This can happen for many different reasons. They include health problems in the mother, genetic factors, problems with the placenta and substance abuse by the mother.
Some low birth weight babies may be more at risk for certain health problems. Some may become sick in the first days of life or develop infections. Others may suffer from longer-term problems such as delayed motor and social development or learning disabilities.
High birth weight babies are often big because the parents are big, or the mother has diabetes during pregnancy. These babies may be at a higher risk of birth injuries and problems with blood sugar.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Large for gestational age (LGA) (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Neonatal weight gain and nutrition (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Small for gestational age (SGA) (Medical Encyclopedia)
[Read More]


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Submit News
U.S. Fails to Block Antiguan Plans to "Pirate" Content as Retaliation for Trade Abuse
Jason Mick
January 29, 2013 5:01 PM
Recipient E-mail
Sender E-mail
WTO blesses $21M USD in year in copyright nullification to punish U.S. ban on online gambling
Antigua and Barbuda's online gambling industry was once thriving, employing around 4,000 of the nation's approximately 81,000 citizens. But the industry -- and the island's economy -- was decimated when the U.S. Congress filed rules forcing U.S. internet service providers to
block the island's gambling portals
, all while leaving
similar portals
run by U.S. businesses open. Today, Antigua's gambling industry is only able to employ around 500 citizens.
But the island nation is striking back thanks to a
World Trade Organizatio
n (WTO)
that allows it to essentially engage in for-profit "piracy", to punish the U.S. for its protectionism.
The WTO, an arbitrary panel of the world's nations, had ordered the U.S. to remove blocks on Antiguan gambling sites back in 2005. The U.S.
ignored the order
. Last month the U.S.
deftly managed to shelve a vote
on its "punishment" for the brazen defiance -- a streaming subscription site reselling copyright U.S. works, with the Antiguan government pocketing the profit.
Normally the WTO allows countries to resolve such disputes using tariff increases. But the Antiguan scenario is somewhat unique as the nation is so tiny and the impact so extreme that tariffs would do little to remedy the situation. As a result the WTO allowed Antigua to resell (and effectively infringe on) up to $21M USD of copyrighted work from the U.S. a year. While drastically short of the $3.44B USD in fines Antigua had originally requested, the plan at least is a moral victory for the nation's damaged economy.
Antigua is a popular tourist destination. [Image Source: Honeymoons Inc.]
The new portal will offer music, software, movies, and TV-shows from the U.S. to people worldwide, but be limited such that the total revenue does not exceed the allowed damages. The WTO and Antiguan lawyers say the site is not "piracy" as it is a legal punishment against the U.S. for unfair trade practices. The U.S. calls the site "government-authorized piracy" in official statements.
Nkenge Harmon, a spokeswoman for the US Trade Representative's office has suggested that there may be "consequences" if the island nation continues its WTO-blessed plan. The spokesperson commented, "The United States has urged Antigua to consider solutions that would benefit its broader economy. However, Antigua has repeatedly stymied these negotiations with certain unrealistic demands."
Harold Lovell, Antigua's Finance Minister, scoffs at such threats, commenting to
, "These aggressive efforts to shut down the remote gaming industry in Antigua has resulted in the loss of thousands of good paying jobs and seizure by the Americans of billions of dollars belonging to gaming operators and their customers in financial institutions across the world."
"If the same type of actions, by another nation, caused the people and the economy of the United States to be so significantly impacted, Antigua would without hesitation support their pursuit of justice."
Antiguan Government
"Well, we didn't have anyone in line that got shot waiting for our system." -- Nintendo of America Vice President Perrin Kaplan
Related Articles
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January 25, 2013, 1:23 PM
Top Poker Site, Poker Celebrities Caught in $444M USD Ponzi Scheme
September 20, 2011, 8:02 PM
Antigua Surrends No-win Hand Against WTO Online-gaming Sanctions
December 27, 2007, 3:09 PM
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May 19, 2006, 2:23 AM
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credit cards
Armourcard produces the first active RFID & NFC protection device. Armourcard actively powers up and jams RFID & NFC signals that try to skim your credit cards and passport data. Protect your identity from electronic skimming.
Affiliates earn AU$10 per sale.
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Affiliates earn $5 per lead.
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We offer $50-$500 for each referral that establishes an account with our service.
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It is an elite-level card program, limited to only 1% of Americans, that entitles you to upgrade your existing MasterCard or Visa Card to V.I.P. Card status and to receive 20 special discount snd benefits.
Affiliates earn $20 per sale.
PayLane offers secure online payments for your e-business. Credit and debit card processing, merchant accounts, multicurrency transactions & settlements, recurring billing.
Affiliate Program Highlights
Accept Visa & Master and major credit card payments online quickly and easily with Merchant Accounts Providers. Merchant Account Providers has been providing credit card processing solutions to thousands of businesses in all industries since 1997.
We are one of the top providers of merchant accounts in the country. Our aim is to assist each business to get setup quickly and easily at the lowest possible cost. And also, our clients save hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars per year in processing costs.
Affiliates earn $50 per lead.
TransMerchant offers a Credit Card Processing Merchant Account for retail, on the-go wireless merchant machine, and e-commerce businesses.
With our Windfall Referral Bonus Program you earn $75 for every approved credit service account referred. The referred company also receives $50.00. After 10th approved credit services account referrals the bonus increases to $100. The referred company bonus will no longer apply. Refer an approved ministry,non-profit, or donation for a cause to us and that company will receive a onetime 3% return donation calculated by monthly fees.
With our program you will receive a custom referral code via email to track your referrals. Just hand out this code and you will be credited for the referral.
Merchant Warehouse specializes in merchant accounts, and we guarantee the lowest cost on credit card machines, credit card processing and merchant accounts.
With two payment structure options for generating revenue, Merchant Warehouse affiliates can earn $10-$25 per lead or $100-$200 per new account referred.
Our data shows that visitors are 3 times more likely to call than they are to fill out an online form. If you aren't being credited for phone call referrals, you aren't making as much as you should. With our sophisticated tracking technology and customized marketing tools, we are able to fully track and fairly attribute all of your on and offline leads right back to you, which includes calls.
Each affiliate receives their own toll-free number. We provide a wide selection of marketing tools including written content about MW and about merchant accounts. Dedicated Account Manager aqnd real time reporting.
Group ISO has helped businesses grow by providing the best merchant account services available in the industry. We offer credit card processing services and merchant account solutions for every type of business. Our services enable your business to accept payments through credit card processing terminals and also through credit card processing software.
Earn residual income when you sign up merchants (business owners, any type) with our credit card processing solutions.
Our affiliate is a true 50/50 split of profitability including Discount Rates, Transaction Fees, Statement Fees, Monthly Minimums, Mid & Non-Qualified surcharges, batch fees, voice authorizations, chargeback fees, non-bankcard transaction fees, corporate cards, debit and check cards, EBT, check services and a variety of other revenue streams.
JemCreditCards.com offers $15-$55 per approval referred.
If you don't have a website we will create one for you at a very minimal cost. We have affiliate relationships with many of the most well known credit card companies in the world.
Debt Consolidation, Debt Settlement, Credit Card Counseling Services – Primark Solutions, leading Debt Consolidator offers debt management and credit card debt consolidation services.
Earn $15 commission on every qualified lead
90 Days cookie tracking. Creative Banners and Text links available – to add value to your website
Professional Affiliate management to promptly answer your queries.
Unlike other programs, The Credit cards Finance System can make your business successful. If you are working hard to make money, and you never become rich, that is because you need to let your money work for you. That is what this program is all about.
Affiliates earn $25 commission on sales.
CardFellow offers a truly useful, unique and widely applicable free service that helps businesses find the best credit card processing solution. We supply business people with quotes from multiple merchant service providers and then assist them in negotiating fees and choosing the best offer.
Income and subsequent affiliate commission is generated by the fee that merchant service providers pay each time they place a quote. Affiliates earn 25% on all quotes that their referrals receive for the life of their account.
Successful affiliate relationships are a vital part of CardFellow's marketing plan and our business model is purposefully constructed to compliment and reward the efforts of our affiliates.
Credit card affiliate program – all major banks already approved. Start marketing your site within a day. Credit Card site will be built and customer support will be provided. Commission paid every month.
Commission ranges from $5-$95 per sale. We will provide you with free domain name and free hosting of your account for life.
Note: It costs $19.99 to take part in this affiliate program.
Contact Headquarters for the best value and lowest rates. Free machines, No set up cost, 24/7 customer service, guaranteed. Total Merchant Services offers merchant account credit card processing services to new or existing businesses. Anyone who would like to improve their business and make more money can benefit by accepting credit cards at their business.
We are offering a $20 payout for complete form on our website.
First Freedom Platinum is a catalog credit card program that offers a $7500 unsecured line of credit and $100 in vouchers for merchandise purchased through their online site as well as an additional $3500.00 credit line to immediately finance new computers, laptops, TVs and even vacations. 0% interest and no finance fees ever. Great program for people struggling with their credit.
This anonymous reloadable prepaid card is a Visa card you load with your own money to make purchases everywhere Visa debit cards are accepted. Easily available online – no paperwork, no AID check, no credit check required. Nice gift. If you are tired of Money Transfer Fees, send a card to your family and start saving today.
Affiliates earn 25 Euros per card sold.
First Universal Platinum is a Shopping Club program that offers a 7500.00 unsecured line of credit for purchases on our website to people who would not normally be qualified for credit.
Affiliates earn $24.25 per sale, when a customer signs up for our 7-day trial.
If you are looking to promote a prepaid credit card then our Crystal PrePaid MasterCard affiliate program will pay you £5.00 per approved application.
Since 1994 the Credit Secrets Bible has been one of the top selling consumer credit courses in the United States.
Now there are two programs to choose from: the eCourse or the Shipped Course. The Shipped Course pays 66% ($45) per sale and is administered through 1ShoppingCart. The eCourse pays $43.17 per sale, through ClickBank.
We also pay up to 25% commission on back-end sales to your existing customers (Shipped Course only). Not available on ClickBank platform).
Take advantage of over $5,000 in free affiliate tools designed for you just for taking a peek.
Concept Funding offers a merchant cash advance to any business owners who process Visa/MC transactions. The business owner will be selling their future Visa/MC transactions for a discount.
We pay on a per lead basis, $15 for banner generated and $6 for text. This is a two-tier program paying 5% on the second tier. We are looking for small business owners(not Internet based), so if your site gets a lot of small business/entreprenuer traffic, our program is for you.
Now is an exciting time to be in the credit business and our services are skyrocketing in demand. With the sub-prime mortgage market in shambles, people with less then perfect credit are scrambling to achieve a higher credit score to qualify for lower payments offered by refinancing their homes.
As if that weren't bad enough, the other shoe is about to drop, credit card debt. People unable to take money out of their home for vacations, repairs, upgrades, etc., have begun to raise their credit card debt. Lower interest rate cards are unavailable to these same sub-prime borrowers, so obtaining a credit card with a lower rate to transfer a higher rate balance to is impossible. By law, no one can guarantee our client a specific result, but we can and do guarantee our customer will be 100% satisfied with our service, or we refund their money.
Affiliates earn $200 commission per enrolment. If we can not help a client, you keep your commission. No charge backs or refunds, ever.
Ecs-World.com specializes in online credit card processing services enabling merchants to accept all major credit cards with our offshore and high risk merchant accounts. Our direct debit services offer additional benefits to merchant accounts along with competitive rates.
Ecs-World's Reseller Program pays a residual 10%-50% commission share.
GoToBilling, Inc. offers a unique suite of business tools for small businesses. The core product is an on-demand payment application handling credit cards, checks, ACH, web and shopping cart payments, recurring billing, paperless invoicing, free gift cards, and more.
The affiliate program offers an upfront 50% commission on the first month's subscription and 4% ongoing residual for the life of the account.
CardCommission.com was started in the summer of 2007 to make it easy for website owners to provide credit card comparison tools to their visitors and monetize their website, without giving visitors the feeling they had been sent off to a third party.
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Affiliates earn $20-$60 per approved application.
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Sign up for MyCreditCardCash.com and instantly get your own website loaded with over 120 credit card offers. When someone you refer to your website applies for a credit card and gets approved, you earn $2.50-$75.
Note: There is a monthly charge of $37.95 until you have generated 4 credit card leads.


text:
The Hummus PDF Writer library allows you to generate PDF files. It was developed with a principal "one-off" method of generating PDF files. Adhering to this idea, it is both fast and retains a low memory signature regardless of how large the file grows. The library has a set of high level features for adding content to a PDF, including creation of pages; drawing primitives and any of the simple PDF operators for drawing content; embedding of PDF, JPEG, and TIFF images; Unicode text support with Type1, TrueType, and OpenType fonts; and defining reusable objects using XObject Forms. You can also use the library as a PDF parser. The library is very extensible. It is easy to implement more PDF features by using the lower level set of methods, which provide access to the PDF building blocks themselves. Adding a feature requires you to be familiar with the PDF formatting of that feature, but will not require you to write the basic PDF building blocks, as the library handles this.
A tool to get users started with master data.
A domain name server.


text:
Wells: Young players are solid
This is my first season with the Angels, and it has been a learning experience. It has been about coming here and adjusting, and it has been about getting comfortable. There were some growing pains. It took awhile to get used to my new surroundings, but it now feels like home. It seems like I have been here forever.
I don't think there was one moment where I really felt like an Angel for the first time. I think that came with the more time I spent here. Being on the disabled list let me get to know more guys better and on a different level. I used that time to get comfortable around the people and getting comfortable with where I am at. Once I got settled, it was about going out there and playing baseball and having fun.
Being in Toronto for so many years, I saw a lot of players come and go. Having experienced it now, I think one aspect of changing teams for the first time that really surprised me was all the adjustments. I might have always said, "Oh, that is baseball, you just got out and play in a different place." But really everything changes. As baseball players we are used to our routines and how we go about things on a day-to-day basis. You take that completely for granted until you are relocated. I have learned, and I think I can help others guys now when they go through the same thing.
As a veteran player, it is fun to be on a team that features a lot of good young players. At times, I still feel like a young guy. Obviously, it is important for a lot of guys coming in to learn what it takes to be successful at this level and to learn the good and the bad parts of it. I've had fun watching the young guys grow up the last few months, and I am looking forward to spending more quality time with them over the next few years.
Peter Bourjos is very good in the field, but I think his ability to improve his play in center field is really under the radar. He has the speed, obviously, but it is another thing to learn to play that position on the whole. Learning hitters is a big thing up here, along with knowing your pitchers and their tendencies. He continues to get more comfortable out there between myself and Torii Hunter, and he continues to be on the path to being one of the best defenders in the big leagues.
When it comes to Mark Trumbo, I don't think anyone playing today can compare to him when it comes to raw power, and that includes Jose Bautista, who I played with last year. The way the ball comes off of Trumbo's bat is special, and he has the potential to be one of those big-name home run guys moving forward. The thing for him, at his young age, is not to try and do it. He is strong enough to where all he needs to do is put the bat on the ball, and the ball will fly out of any park.
Mike Trout is 19 years old. He is impressive. Obviously, the skills that he has, the talent that he has at such a young age, is pretty rare. When I was 19, I was in A-ball and still trying to learn to play the game the right way. To have this experience, and to soak it in at his age, it is going to be great for him moving forward. Pretty soon, he is going to be a mainstay in this lineup.
I am not the only veteran player on this team. Hunter is a long-time friend, and he always has a smile on his face, unless you hit him with a pitch. Then he can get upset. He always has a good time. He is as competitive as anybody I have ever met, and he is so talkative. I give him a hard time and he gives me a hard time. He brings something special to this club.
Vernon Wells has overcome a slow start and a stint on the disabled list this season for the Angels. He is second on the team with 16 home runs, he combined to hit 12 homers and drive in 28 runs in June and July.
This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


text: So for kicks, I thought I'd pitch some structure to Saturdays ambiguity! The focus of the day is airhead tech! Anyone who wants to pull up a bike and have maintenance done while it's warm, let's do it. Have in mind what you'd like to accomplish so no one is stranded. Carb syncs, fluid changes, possible spline lube, wiring clean up, bike bath, ignition time, valve lash adjustment, bolt torque checks, whatever! My agenda is to have the r75 in the basement with a work bench of refresh stuff next to it. The rear end is already pulled off and the transmission is about to come off. We can go over showing people how to replace a rear main seal, all the cylinder gaskets, spline lubing, reassembly of the rockers and setting the valve lash, how to set a points gap and static time them (she won't be cranking saturday) and reassembly of clutch and swing arm. Those things will getting a rolling bike. I doubt we'll get to wiring. I can also lay out a set of bing carbs and go over all the components, what to look out for, how to clean and reassemble them and setting float levels. Sound good? Anyone have any requests? The bike is completely open for knowledge, demos and experiments that don't permanently alter it!