text:
|22. Mai 2012
|7. Apr. 2011
|12. Aug. 2003
|Auch ver�ffentlicht unter
|Chieh C Cheng, David A Lesyna, Michael F Moyers
|Urspr�nglich Bevollm�chtigter
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Zitat exportieren
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patentzitate (357), Nichtpatentzitate (16), Referenziert von (10), Klassifizierungen (31), Juristische Ereignisse (4)
|Externe Links: USPTO, USPTO-Zuordnung, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/825,076, filed Jun. 28, 2010, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/868,918, filed Oct. 8, 2007, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/917,220, filed Aug. 12, 2004, and claims the benefit of the U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/494,699 filed Aug. 12, 2003 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/579,095 filed Jun. 10, 2004 both entitled "Precision Patient Alignment and Beam Therapy System", and all of which are incorporated in their entireties herein by reference.
This invention was made with United States Government support under the DAMD17-99-1-9477 and DAMD17-02-1-0205 grants awarded by the Department of Defense. The Government has certain rights in the invention.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to the field of radiation therapy systems. One embodiment includes an active path planning and collision avoidance system to facilitate movement of objects in a radiation therapy environment in an efficient manner and so as to proactively avoid possible collisions.
2. Description of the Related Art
Radiation therapy systems are known and used to provide treatment to patients suffering a wide variety of conditions. Radiation therapy is typically used to kill or inhibit the growth of undesired tissue, such as cancerous tissue. A determined quantity of high-energy electromagnetic radiation and/or high-energy particles are directed into the undesired tissue with the goal of damaging the undesired tissue while reducing unintentional damage to desired or healthy tissue through which the radiation passes on its path to the undesired tissue.
Proton therapy has emerged as a particularly efficacious treatment for a variety of conditions. In proton therapy, positively charged proton subatomic particles are accelerated, collimated into a tightly focused beam, and directed towards a designated target region within the patient. Protons exhibit less lateral dispersion upon impact with patient tissue than electromagnetic radiation or low mass electron charged particles and can thus be more precisely aimed and delivered along a beam axis. Also, upon impact with patient tissue, protons exhibit a characteristic Bragg peak wherein a significant portion of the kinetic energy of the accelerated mass is deposited within a relatively narrow penetration depth within the patient. This offers the significant advantage of reducing delivery of energy from the accelerated proton particles to healthy tissue interposed between the target region and the delivery nozzle of a proton therapy machine as well as to "downrange" tissue lying beyond the designated target region. Depending on the indications for a particular patient and their condition, delivery of the therapeutic proton beam may preferably take place from a plurality of directions in multiple treatment fractions to maintain a total dose delivered to the target region while reducing collateral exposure of interposed desired/healthy tissue.
Thus, a radiation therapy system, such as a proton beam therapy system, typically has provision for positioning a patient with respect to a proton beam in multiple orientations. In order to determine a preferred aiming point for the proton beam within the patient, the typical procedure has been to perform a computed tomography (CT) scan in an initial planning or prescription stage from which multiple digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) can be determined. The DRRs synthetically represent the three dimensional data representative of the internal physiological structure of the patient obtained from the CT scan in two dimensional views considered from multiple orientations. A desired target isocenter corresponding to the tissue to which therapy is to be provided is designated. The spatial location of the target isocenter can be referenced with respect to physiological structure of the patient (monuments) as indicated in the DRRs.
Upon subsequent setup for delivery of the radiation therapy, an x-ray imager is moved into an imaging position and a radiographic image is taken of the patient. This radiographic image is compared or registered with the DRRs with respect to the designated target isocenter. The patient's position is adjusted to, as closely as possible, align the target isocenter in a desired pose with respect to the radiation beam as indicated by the physician's prescription. The desired pose is frequently chosen as that of the initial planning or prescription scan. Depending on the particular application, either the patient and/or the beam nozzle will need to be moved.
There is a desire that movement of components of the therapy system to achieve alignment be done in an accurate, rapid manner while maintaining overall system safety. In particular, a radiation therapy apparatus is an expensive piece of medical equipment to construct and maintain both because of the materials and equipment needed in construction and the indication for relatively highly trained personnel to operate and maintain the apparatus. In addition, radiation therapy, such as proton therapy, is increasing being found an effective treatment for a variety of patient conditions and thus it is desirable to increase patient throughput both to expand the availability of this beneficial treatment to more patients in need of the same as well as reducing the end costs to the patients or insurance companies paying for the treatment and increase the profitability for the therapy delivery providers. As the actual delivery of the radiation dose, once the patient is properly positioned, is relatively quick, any additional latency in patient ingress and egress from the therapy apparatus, imaging, and patient positioning and registration detracts from the overall patient throughput and thus the availability, costs, and profitability of the system.
The movable components of a radiation therapy system also tend to be rather large and massive, thus indicating powered movement of the various components. As the components tend to have significant inertia during movement and are typically power driven, a safety system to inhibit damage and injury can be provided. Safety systems can include power interrupts based on contact switches. The contact switches are activated at motion stop range of motion limits to cut power to drive motors. Hard motion stops or limiters can also be provided to physically impede movement beyond a set range. However, contact switches and hard stops are activated when the corresponding component(s) reach the motion limit and thus impose a relatively abrupt motion stop which adds to wear on the machinery and can even lead to damage if engaged excessively. In addition, particularly in application involving multiple moving components, a motion stop arrangement of contact switches and/or hard limiters involves significant complexity to inhibit collision between the multiple components and can lead to inefficiencies in the overall system operation if the components are limited to moving one at a time to simplify the collision avoidance.
From the foregoing it will be understood that there is a need for providing a collision avoidance system to maintain operating safety and damage control while positioning multiple movable components of a radiation therapy delivery system. There is also a desire to maintain the accuracy and speed of the patient registration process when implementing such a collision avoidance system.
Embodiments of the invention provide a patient positioning system for a therapeutic radiation system having moving components. The patient positioning system pre-plans and analyzes movements to increase movement efficiency for decreased latency and to pro-actively avoid collisions. The patient positioning system includes multiple cameras that can both determine the location of fixed and movable components of the system as well as monitor for possible intrusion into a movement path of a foreign object or personnel. The system provides significant safety advantages over systems employing motion stops.
One embodiment comprises a radiation therapy delivery system having fixed and movable components, the system comprising a gantry, a patient pod configured to secure a patient substantially immobile with respect to the patient pod, a patient positioner interconnected to the patient pod so as to position the patient pod along multiple translational and rotational axes within the gantry, a radiation therapy nozzle interconnected to the gantry and selectively delivering radiation therapy along a beam axis, a plurality of external measurement devices which obtain position measurements of at least the patient pod and nozzle, and a controller which receives the position measurements of at least the patient pod and nozzle and determines movement commands to position the patient in a desired pose with respect to the beam axis and corresponding movement trajectories of the patient pod with respect to other fixed and movable components of the therapy delivery system based upon the movement commands and determines whether a collision is indicated for the movement commands and inhibits movement if a collision would be indicated.
Another embodiment comprises a path planning and collision avoidance system for a radiation therapy system having fixed and movable components and selectively delivering a radiation therapy beam along a beam axis, the positioning system comprising a plurality of external measurement devices arranged to obtain position measurements of the components so as to provide location information, a movable patient support configured to support a patient substantially fixed in position with respect to the patient support and controllably position the patient in multiple translational and rotational axes, and a controller receiving position information from the plurality of external measurement devices and providing movement commands to the movable patient support to automatically align the patient in a desired pose and determining a corresponding movement envelope wherein the controller evaluates the movement envelope and inhibits movement of the patient support if a collision is indicated else initiates the movement.
A further embodiment comprises a method of registering and positioning a patient for delivery of therapy with a system having fixed and at least one movable components, the method comprising the steps of positioning a patient in an initial treatment pose with a controllable patient positioner, externally measuring the location of selected points of the fixed and at least one movable components, determining a difference vector between the observed initial patient pose and a desired patient pose, determining corresponding movement commands and a movement trajectory for the patient positioner to bring the patient to the desired patient pose, and comparing the movement trajectory with the measured locations of the selected points of the fixed and at least one movable components so as to inhibit movement of the patient positioner if a collision is indicated.
Yet another embodiment comprises a system for delivering radiation therapy to a pre-selected location within a patient, the system comprising a plurality of movable components including a patient positioner and a nozzle, the system further comprising an external monitoring system that monitors the physical location of the plurality of movable components and provides signals indicative thereof and wherein the system further includes internal monitoring systems that also monitor the movement of the plurality of movable components and provides signals indicative thereof and wherein the system monitors the signals from the external and internal monitoring systems and inhibits movement of the plurality of components if the signals indicate that a collision of components is likely to occur.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A schematic diagram of one embodiment of a radiation therapy system with a patient positioning system in a first orientation is shown in
Reference will now be made to the drawings wherein like reference designators refer to like parts throughout.
The system 100 also comprises a nozzle 104 which is attached and supported by the gantry 102 such that the gantry 102 and nozzle 104 may revolve relatively precisely about a gantry isocenter 120, but subject to corkscrew, sag, and other distortions from nominal. The system 100 also comprises a radiation source 106 delivering a radiation beam along a radiation beam axis 140, such as a beam of accelerated protons. The radiation beam passes through and is shaped by an aperture 110 to define a therapeutic beam delivered along a delivery axis 142. The aperture 110 is positioned on the distal end of the nozzle 104 and the aperture 110 may preferably be specifically configured for a patient's particular prescription of therapeutic radiation therapy. In certain applications, multiple apertures 110 are provided for different treatment fractions.
The system 100 also comprises one or more imagers 112 which, in this embodiment, are retractable with respect to the gantry 102 between an extended position as illustrated in
The system 100 also comprises corresponding one or more x-ray sources 130 which selectively emit appropriate x-ray radiation along one or more x-ray source axes 144 so as to pass through interposed patient tissue to generate a radiographic image of the interposed materials via the imager 112. The particular energy, dose, duration, and other exposure parameters preferably employed by the x-ray source(s) 130 for imaging and the radiation source 106 for therapy will vary in different applications and will be readily understood and determined by one of ordinary skill in the art.
In this embodiment, at least one of the x-ray sources 130 is positionable such that the x-ray source axis 144 can be positioned so as to be nominally coincident with the delivery axis 142. This embodiment provides the advantage of developing a patient image for registration from a perspective which is nominally identical to a treatment perspective. This embodiment also includes the aspect that a first imager 112 and x-ray source 130 pair and a second imager 112 and x-ray source 130 pair are arranged substantially orthogonal to each other. This embodiment provides the advantage of being able to obtain patient images in two orthogonal perspectives to increase registration accuracy as will be described in greater detail below. The imaging system can be similar to the systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,825,845 and 5,117,829 which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The system 100 also comprises a patient positioner 114 (
The patient pod 116 is configured to hold a patient securely in place in the patient pod 116 so to as substantially inhibit any relative movement of the patient with respect to the patient pod 116. In various embodiments, the patient pod 116 comprises expandable foam, bite blocks, and/or fitted facemasks as immobilizing devices and/or materials. The patient pod 116 is also preferably configured to reduce difficulties encountered when a treatment fraction indicates delivery at an edge or transition region of the patient pod 116. Additional details of preferred embodiments of the patient positioner 114 and patient pod 116 can be found in the commonly assigned application Ser. No. 10/917,022 entitled "Modular Patient Support System" filed concurrently herewith and which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
As previously mentioned, in certain applications of the system 100, accurate relative positioning and orientation of the therapeutic beam delivery axis 142 provided by the radiation source 106 with target tissue within the patient as supported by the patient pod 116 and patient positioner 114 is an important goal of the system 100, such as when comprising a proton beam therapy system. However, as previously mentioned, the various components of the system 100, such as the gantry 102, the nozzle 104, radiation source 106, the imager(s) 112, the patient positioner 114, the patient pod 116, and x-ray source(s) 130 are subject to certain amounts of structural flex and movement tolerances from a nominal position and orientation which can affect accurate delivery of the beam to that patient.
The system 100 is also subject to error due to positioning of the imager(s) 112 as well as the x-ray source(s) 130 as illustrated in
As these errors are random and independent and uncorrelated and thus potentially additive, in this embodiment the system 100 also comprises a plurality of external measurement devices 124 to evaluate and facilitate compensating for these errors. In one embodiment, the system 100 also comprises monuments, such as markers 122, cooperating with the external measurement devices 124 as shown in
In this embodiment, the external measurement devices 124 comprise commercially available cameras, such as CMOS digital cameras with megapixel resolution and frame rates of 200-1000 Hz, which independently obtain optical images of objects within a field of view 126, which in this embodiment is approximately 85� horizontally and 70� vertically. The external measurement devices 124 comprising digital cameras are commercially available, for example as components of the Vicon Tracker system from Vicon Motion Systems Inc. of Lake Forrest, Calif. However, in other embodiments, the external measurement devices 124 can comprise laser measurement devices and/or radio location devices in addition to or as an alternative to the optical cameras of this embodiment.
In this embodiment, the markers 122 comprise spherical, highly reflective landmarks which are fixed to various components of the system 100. In this embodiment, at least three markers 122 are fixed to each component of the system 100 of interest and are preferably placed asymmetrically, e.g. not equidistant from a centerline nor evenly on corners, about the object. The external measurement devices 124 are arranged such that at least two external measurement devices 124 have a given component of the system 100 and the corresponding markers 122 in their field of view and in one embodiment a total of ten external measurement devices 124 are provided. This aspect provides the ability to provide binocular vision to the system 100 to enable the system 100 to more accurately determine the location and orientation of components of the system 100. The markers 122 are provided to facilitate recognition and precise determination of the position and orientation of the objects to which the markers 122 are affixed, however in other embodiments, the system 100 employs the external measurement devices 124 to obtain position information based on monuments comprising characteristic outer contours of objects, such as edges or corners, comprising the system 100 without use of the external markers 122.
A wand, which can include one or more markers 122 is moved within the fields of view 126 of the external measurement devices 124. As the external measurement devices 124 are arranged such that multiple external measurement devices 124 (in this embodiment at least two) have an object in the active area of the system 100 in their field of view 126 at any given time, the system 100 correlates the independently provided location and orientation information from each external measurement device 124 and determines corrective factors such that the multiple external measurement devices 124 provide independent location and orientation information that is in agreement following calibration. The particular mathematical steps to calibrate the external measurement devices 124 are dependent on their number, relative spacing, geometrical orientations to each other and the world 132, as well as the coordinate system used and can vary among particular applications, however will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. It will also be appreciated that in certain applications, the calibration state 150 would need to be repeated if one or more of the external measurement devices 124 or world 132 is moved following calibration.
Following the calibration state 150, in state 152 multiple external measurement devices 124 obtain an image of the object(s) of interest. From the images obtained in state 152, the system 100 determines a corresponding direction vector 155 to the object from each corresponding external measurement device 124 which images the object in state 154. This is illustrated in
The location and orientation information determined for the object is provided in state 160 for use in the system 100 as described in greater detail below. In one embodiment, the calibration state 150 can be performed within approximately one minute and allows the system 100 to determine the object's location in states 152, 154, 156, and 160 to within 0.1 mm and orientation to within 0.15� with a latency of no more than 10 ms. As previously mentioned, in other embodiments, the external measurement devices 124 can comprise laser measurement devices, radio-location devices or other devices that can determine direction to or distance from the external measurement devices 124 in addition to or as an alternative to the external measurement devices 124 described above. Thus, in certain embodiments a single external measurement device 124 can determine both range and direction to the object to determine the object location and orientation. In other embodiments, the external measurement devices 124 provide only distance information to the object and the object's location in space is determined by determining the intersection of multiple virtual spheres centered on the corresponding external measurement devices 124.
In certain embodiments, the system 100 also comprises one or more local position feedback devices or resolvers 134 (See, e.g.,
The system 100 also comprises, in this embodiment, a precision patient alignment system 200 which employs the location information provided in state 160 for the object(s). As illustrated in
In this embodiment, the 6D system 204 receives position data from the external measurement devices 124 and from the resolvers 134 relating to the current location of the nozzle 104, the aperture 110, the imager 112, the patient positioner 114, and patient pod 116, as well as the location of one or more fixed landmarks 132 indicated in
Depending on the stage of the patient registration and therapy delivery process, other modules of the patient alignment system 200 can submit calls to the 6D system 204 for a position request of the current configuration of the radiation therapy system 100. Other modules of the patient alignment system 200 can also provide calls to the 6D system 204 such as a coordinate transform request. Such a request typically will include submission of location data in a given reference frame, an indication of the reference frame in which the data is submitted and a desired frame of reference which the calling module wishes to have the position data transformed into. This coordinate transform request is submitted to the coordinate transform module 224 which performs the appropriate calculations upon the submitted data in the given reference frame and transforms the data into the desired frame of reference and returns this to the calling module of the patient alignment system 200.
For example, the radiation therapy system 100 may determine that movement of the patient positioner 114 is indicated to correctly register the patient. For example, a translation of plus 2 mm along an x-axis, minus 1.5 mm along a y-axis, no change along a z-axis, and a positive 1� rotation about a vertical axis is indicated. This data would be submitted to the coordinate transform module 224 which would then operate upon the data to return corresponding movement commands to the patient positioner 114. The exact coordinate transformations will vary in specific implementations of the system 100 depending, for example, on the exact configuration and dimensions of the patient positioner 114 and the relative position of the patient positioner 114 with respect to other components of the system 100. However, such coordinate transforms can be readily determined by one of ordinary skill in the art for a particular application.
The arbitration module 226 assists in operation of the motion control module 212 by providing specific object position information upon receipt of a position request. A secondary position measurement system 230 provides an alternative or backup position measurement function for the various components of the radiation therapy system 100. In one embodiment, the secondary position measurement system 230 comprises a conventional positioning functionality employing predicted position information based on an initial position and commanded moves. In one embodiment, the primary position measurement system 220 receives information from the external measurement devices 124 and the secondary position measurement system 230 receives independent position information from the resolvers 134. It will generally be preferred that the 6D measurement system 220 operate as the primary positioning system for the previously described advantages of positioning accuracy and speed.
In this embodiment, the CT data undergoes an intermediate processing step via a transgraph creation module 234 to transform the CT data into transgraphs which are provided to the registration algorithm 241. The transgraphs are an intermediate data representation and increase the speed of generation of DRRs. The registration algorithm 241 uses the transgraphs, the treatment plan, the current object position data provided by the 6D system 204 and the corrected image data from the imager(s) 112 to determine a registered pose which information is provided to the command and control module 202. The registration algorithm 241 attempts to match either as closely as possible or to within a designated tolerance the corrected image data from the imager 112 with an appropriate DRR to establish a desired pose or to register the patient. The command and control module 202 can evaluate the current registered pose and provide commands or requests to induce movement of one or more of the components of the radiation therapy system 100 to achieve this desired pose. Additional details for a suitable registration algorithm may be found in the published doctoral dissertation of David A. LaRose of May 2001 submitted to Carnegie Mellon University entitled "Iterative X-ray/CT Registration Using Accelerated Volume Rendering" which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
The path planning module 240 also comprises an object movement simulator 244 which receives data from the 3D model data module 242 and can calculate movement simulations for the various components of the radiation therapy system 100 based upon this data. This object movement simulation module 244 preferably works in concert with a collision avoidance module 270 as illustrated in
This position information is provided to the collision avoidance module 270 which gathers the object information in an object position data library 272. This object data is provided to a decision module 274 which evaluates whether the data is verifiable. In certain embodiments, the evaluation of the module 274 can investigate possible inconsistencies or conflicts with the object position data from the library 272 such as out-of-range data or data which indicates, for example, that multiple objects are occupying the same location. If a conflict or out-of-range condition is determined, e.g., the result of the termination module 274 is negative, a system halt is indicated in state 284 to inhibit further movement of components of the radiation therapy system 100 and further proceeds to a fault recovery state 286 where appropriate measures are taken to recover or correct the fault or faults. Upon completion of the fault recovery state 286, a reset state 290 is performed followed by a return to the data retrieval of the object position data library in module 272.
If the evaluation of state 274 is affirmative, a state 276 follows where the collision avoidance module 270 calculates relative distances along current and projected trajectories and provides this calculated information to an evaluation state 280 which determines whether one or more of the objects or components of the radiation therapy system 100 are too close. If the evaluation of stage 280 is negative, e.g., that the current locations and projected trajectories do not present a collision hazard, a sleep or pause state 282 follows during which movement of the one or more components of the radiation therapy system 100 is allowed to continue as indicated and proceeds to a recursive sequence through modules 272, 274, 276, 280, and 282 as indicated.
However, if the results of the evaluation state 280 are affirmative, e.g., that either one or more of the objects are too close or that their projected trajectories would bring them into collision, the system halt of state 284 is implemented with the fault recovery and reset states 286 and 290, following as previously described. Thus, the collision avoidance module 270 allows the radiation therapy system 100 to proactively evaluate both current and projected locations and movement trajectories of movable components of the system 100 to mitigate possible collisions before they occur or are even initiated. This is advantageous over systems employing motion stops triggered, for example, by contact switches which halt motion upon activation of stop or contact switches, which by themselves may be inadequate to prevent damage to the moving components which can be relatively large and massive having significant inertia, or to prevent injury to a user or patient of the system.
Assuming that the object movement simulation module 244 as cooperating with the collision avoidance module 270 indicates that the indicated movements will not pose a collision risk, the actual movement commands are forwarded to a motion sequence coordinator module 246 which evaluates the indicated movement vectors of the one or more components of the radiation therapy system 100 and sequences these movements via, in this embodiment, five translation modules. In particular, the translation modules 250, 252, 254, 260, and 262 translate indicated movement vectors from a provided reference frame to a command reference frame appropriate to the patient positioner 114, the gantry 102, the x-ray source 130, the imager 112, and the nozzle 104, respectively.
As previously mentioned, the various moveable components of the radiation therapy system 100 can assume different dimensions and be subject to different control parameters and the translation modules 250, 252, 254, 260, and 262 interrelate or translate a motion vector in a first frame of reference into the appropriate reference frame for the corresponding component of the radiation therapy system 100. For example, in this embodiment the gantry 102 is capable of clockwise and counterclockwise rotation about an axis whereas the patient positioner 114 is positionable in six degrees of translational and rotational movement freedom and thus operates under a different frame of reference for movement commands as compared to the gantry 102. By having the availability of externally measured location information for the various components of the radiation therapy system 100, the motion sequence coordinator module 246 can efficiently plan the movement of these components in a straightforward, efficient and safe manner.
In state 316, a radiographic image of the patient is captured by the imager 112 and corrections can be applied as needed as previously described by the module 236. In this embodiment, two imagers 112 and corresponding x-ray sources 130 are arranged substantially perpendicularly to each other. Thus, two independent radiographic images are obtained from orthogonal perspectives. This aspect provides more complete radiographic image information than from a single perspective. It will also be appreciated that in certain embodiments, multiple imaging of states 316 can be performed for additional data. An evaluation is performed in state 320 to determine whether the radiographic image acquisition process is complete and the determination of this decision results either in the negative case with continuation of the movement of state 312, the determination of state 314 and the capture of state 316 as indicated or, when affirmative, followed by state 322.
In state 322, external measurements are performed by the 6D system 204 as previously described to determine the relative positions and orientations of the various components of the radiation therapy system 100 via the patient registration module 206 as previously described. In state 324, motion computations are made as indicated to properly align the patient in the desired pose.
While not necessarily required in each instance of treatment delivery, this embodiment illustrates that in state 326 some degree of gantry 102 movement is indicated to position the gantry 102 in a treatment position as well as movement of the patient, such as via the patient positioner 114 in state 330 to position the patient in the indicated pose. Following these movements, state 332 again employs the 6D system 204 to externally measure and in state 334 to compute and analyze the measured position to determine in state 336 whether the desired patient pose has been achieved within the desired tolerance. If adequately accurate registration and positioning of the patient has not yet been achieved, state 340 follows where a correction vector is computed and transformed into the appropriate frame of reference for further movement of the gantry 102 and/or patient positioner 114. If the decision of state 336 is affirmative, e.g., that the patient has been satisfactorily positioned in the desired pose, the radiation therapy fraction is enabled in state 342 in accordance with the patient's prescription. For certain patient prescriptions, it will be understood that the treatment session may indicate multiple treatment fractions, such as treatment from a plurality of orientations and that appropriate portions of the method 300 may be iteratively repeated for multiple prescribed treatment fractions. However, for simplicity of illustration, a single iteration is illustrated in
Thus, the radiation therapy system 100 with the patient alignment system 200, by directly measuring movable components of the system 100, employs a measured feedback to more accurately determine and control the positioning of these various components. A particular advantage of the system 100 is that the patient can be more accurately registered at a treatment delivery session than is possible with known systems and without an iterative sequence of radiographic imaging, repositioning of the patient, and subsequent radiographic imaging and data analysis. This offers the significant advantage both of more accurately delivering the therapeutic radiation, significantly decreasing the latency of the registration, imaging and positioning processes and thus increasing the possible patient throughput as well as reducing the exposure of the patient to x-ray radiation during radiographic imaging by reducing the need for multiple x-ray exposures during a treatment session.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have shown, described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to those embodiments, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the detail of the device illustrated may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Consequently, the scope of the invention should not be limited to the foregoing description but is to be defined by the appended claims.
|Zitiertes Patent
|1. Jan. 1945
|3. Mai 1949
|Abraham W Schenker
|Body resting appliance
|13. Juli 1949
|20. Apr. 1954
|Hughes Robert C
|20. Sept. 1966
|20. Aug. 1968
|Generay Gen Radiologica
|Patient-supporting device for radiological treatments
|22. Okt. 1965
|10. Juni 1969
|Philips Corp
|X-ray table having a plurality of pairs of slings with oppositely windable members
|15. Jan. 1968
|8. Dez. 1970
|Marc B D Avignon
|Immobilization device
|24. Juni 1968
|19. Jan. 1971
|Fred Storm Ind Designs Inc
|Overhead equipment control apparatus for operating rooms
|10. Dez. 1969
|14. Sept. 1971
|Atomic Energy Commission
|Neutron dosimeter including a step wedge formed of an alpha-attenuating material
|17. M�rz 1967
|8. Febr. 1972
|Rudolf Heller
|Method of producing shaped bodies of low specific gravity
|17. Sept. 1965
|12. Sept. 1972
|Scott Paper Co
|Flotation apparatus
|6. Jan. 1971
|17. Juli 1973
|Bio Medical Syst Inc
|Vacuum formed support structures and immobilizer devices
|22. Juli 1971
|2. Okt. 1973
|Olympic Surgical Co Inc
|Positioning aid
|7. Dez. 1971
|11. Dez. 1973
|Hyperion Inc
|Angiographic cradle
|20. Dez. 1972
|12. Nov. 1974
|Picker Corp
|Patient rotator and method of conducting x-ray studies
|12. Jan. 1973
|3. Dez. 1974
|Picker Corp
|Method and apparatus for rapidly immobilizing a patient
|26. Febr. 1973
|3. Dez. 1974
|Varian Associates
|Transmission ion chamber
|26. M�rz 1973
|27. Mai 1975
|John J Regan
|Multi-layered contoured mattress
|29. M�rz 1972
|8. Juli 1975
|Medic Ease Corp
|Mattress for preventing bedsores
|18. Sept. 1973
|29. Juli 1975
|Atomic Energy Of Canada Ltd
|High strength low attenuation couch top
|23. Mai 1974
|5. Aug. 1975
|Morrison Medical Products Comp
|Head restraint
|19. Juni 1973
|26. Aug. 1975
|Calibrating device for light scatter photometering instrument
|21. Jan. 1974
|16. Sept. 1975
|Robert K Windsor
|Vehicle for paralyzed persons
|21. Jan. 1974
|2. M�rz 1976
|System for monitoring the position, intensity, uniformity and directivity of a beam of ionizing radiation
|25. Apr. 1974
|30. M�rz 1976
|The Babcock & Wilcox Co.
|Graphite composite X-ray transparent patient support
|21. Nov. 1973
|19. Okt. 1976
|Picker Corporation
|Telescopic column for x-ray apparatus
|12. Apr. 1976
|5. Juli 1977
|Emi Limited
|Patient positioning and supporting arrangement
|4. Febr. 1976
|20. Dez. 1977
|Danny Alden Marden
|Headholder assembly
|17. Febr. 1977
|17. Jan. 1978
|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy
|High-energy accelerator for beams of heavy ions
|18. M�rz 1977
|13. Juni 1978
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Arrangement for scattering electrons
|6. Dez. 1976
|5. Sept. 1978
|Varian Associates, Inc.
|Neutron irradiation therapy machine
|12. Apr. 1976
|27. M�rz 1979
|Siemens Ag
|X-ray devices using epoxy resins strengthened with carbonic fibrous material
|19. Apr. 1976
|26. Febr. 1980
|Varian Associates, Inc.
|Tomographic scanning apparatus having detector signal digitizing means mounted to rotate with detectors
|28. Nov. 1978
|3. Juni 1980
|C.G.R. Mev
|System for monitoring the position intensity uniformity and directivity of a beam of ionizing radiation
|22. Apr. 1976
|28. Okt. 1980
|Leveen Harry H
|Radio frequency, electromagnetic radiation device having orbital mount
|2. Jan. 1979
|24. Febr. 1981
|The Babcock & Wilcox Company
|X-ray patient support stretcher and method for fabrication
|12. Febr. 1979
|17. M�rz 1981
|David Kopf Instruments
|Head positioner
|24. Sept. 1979
|14. Apr. 1981
|General Electric Company
|Patient cradle for computerized tomography apparatus
|21. Febr. 1979
|26. Mai 1981
|Nosler John C
|Electro-optical position-monitoring apparatus with tracking detector
|31. Dez. 1979
|1. Sept. 1981
|Pfizer, Incorporated
|Construction of a CT scanner using heavy ions or protons
|7. Dez. 1979
|27. Apr. 1982
|Southern Research Institute
|Method for producing a rigid, shaped mass support system
|28. M�rz 1980
|31. Aug. 1982
|Rogers Jr John E
|Method of forming contoured cushion
|9. Juni 1980
|21. Dez. 1982
|The Johns Hopkins University
|On-line treatment monitoring for radiation teletherapy
|15. Mai 1981
|5. Apr. 1983
|Lovelace Alan M Administrator
|System and method for moving a probe to follow movements of tissue
|24. Juni 1982
|5. Juli 1983
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|X-Ray diagnostic system for angiographic x-ray photographic series
|30. Sept. 1982
|23. Aug. 1983
|General Electric Company
|Axial tomography head holder
|9. M�rz 1982
|10. Apr. 1984
|Instrument Ab Scanditronix
|Scanning system for charged and neutral particle beams
|2. Okt. 1980
|22. Mai 1984
|Rolando Gallina
|Method and apparatus for manufacturing foot supports with anatomically contoured shank portions
|3. Jan. 1983
|27. Nov. 1984
|General Electric Company
|Patient security and restraint system
|30. Sept. 1982
|12. M�rz 1985
|Duke University
|Head support
|15. Juni 1983
|12. Nov. 1985
|Cpc Engineering Corporation
|Wear ring mount for lift pumps
|24. Febr. 1983
|25. M�rz 1986
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Method for preventing collision of two mutually movable bodies and an apparatus including an arrangement for preventing collision
|3. Okt. 1984
|27. Mai 1986
|Andrews Lawrence F
|Orthodontic positioner and method of manufacturing same
|7. Dez. 1983
|14. Okt. 1986
|The Hospital For Sick Children
|X-ray head holder
|12. Juni 1985
|19. Mai 1987
|National Research Development Corporation
|Optical measurement apparatus
|1. Aug. 1986
|9. Juni 1987
|Vibrosaun Usa, Inc.
|Sauna support bed
|28. Febr. 1985
|9. Juni 1987
|Instrument Ab Scanditronax
|Multi leaf collimator
|14. Aug. 1986
|28. Juli 1987
|Morell Theodore R
|Pressure distribution pad assembly for wheelchairs
|31. M�rz 1986
|25. Aug. 1987
|Siemens Gammasonics, Inc.
|Patient support
|2. Apr. 1985
|10. Nov. 1987
|Curt Mileikowsky
|Radiation therapy for cancer patients
|13. Juni 1985
|8. Dez. 1987
|National Research Development Corporation
|Optical displacement sensors
|23. M�rz 1987
|21. Juni 1988
|Gene Voss
|Therapeutic head support
|9. Jan. 1987
|25. Okt. 1988
|Immobilizing apparatus for performing medical and paramedical procedures
|15. Nov. 1985
|6. Dez. 1988
|Picker International, Inc.
|Energy dependent gain correction for radiation detection
|26. Sept. 1986
|10. Jan. 1989
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Lithotripsy work station
|23. Juli 1987
|14. M�rz 1989
|President And Fellows Of Harvard College
|Beam Redirecting
|7. Apr. 1986
|28. M�rz 1989
|Mills Randell L
|Mossbauer cancer therapy
|21. Sept. 1987
|4. Apr. 1989
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Lithotripsy work station
|6. Juni 1986
|27. Juni 1989
|Jacobs Deborah A
|Animal holding and position restoring device employing vacuum holder and mouthpiece
|10. Febr. 1988
|18. Juli 1989
|Intelligent Surgical Lasers
|Eyetracker and method of use
|3. M�rz 1988
|26. Sept. 1989
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Multi-station proton beam therapy system
|29. Apr. 1988
|27. Febr. 1990
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Method of assembly and whole body, patient positioning and repositioning support for use in radiation beam therapy systems
|7. Apr. 1988
|17. Apr. 1990
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Roller-supported, modular, isocentric gantry and method of assembly
|29. Jan. 1988
|15. Mai 1990
|Hill-Rom Company, Inc.
|Radiolucent hospital bed surface
|5. Mai 1988
|25. Dez. 1990
|Board Of Regents, University Of Texas System
|Head positioning system for accurate cranial alignment and dimension in magnetic resonance
|28. Okt. 1988
|7. Mai 1991
|Moore Robert M
|Method and apparatus for generating radiation blockers
|31. M�rz 1989
|21. Mai 1991
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Raster scan control system for a charged-particle beam
|29. Nov. 1989
|6. Aug. 1991
|Carol Mark P
|Stereotactic-guided radiation therapy system with variable-length compensating collimator
|12. Apr. 1990
|13. Aug. 1991
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Roller-supported, modular, isocentric gentry and method of assembly
|8. Jan. 1991
|13. Aug. 1991
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Therapeutic apparatus
|18. Juni 1990
|10. Sept. 1991
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Patient supporting table having a support plate adjustable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the patient supporting table
|22. M�rz 1990
|10. Sept. 1991
|John K. Grady
|X-ray patient examination table support system with rotating and tilting means
|13. M�rz 1990
|17. Sept. 1991
|Danon Nissim N
|Apparatus for computerized laser surgery
|21. M�rz 1990
|1. Okt. 1991
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Patient support means for x-ray absorption compensation in computer tomography system
|8. Apr. 1991
|7. Jan. 1992
|The Regents Of The University Of Michigan
|Multi-element-amorphous-silicon-detector-array for real-time imaging and dosimetry of megavoltage photons and diagnostic X rays
|16. M�rz 1990
|14. Jan. 1992
|Julia Kostich
|Device for holding a head in a prone or supine position
|23. Okt. 1990
|18. Febr. 1992
|Applied Research Company
|Apparatus for reproducibly positioning an image receptor for intraoral diagnostics
|19. Jan. 1990
|10. M�rz 1992
|Allen George S
|Apparatus for imaging the anatomy
|4. Mai 1990
|28. Apr. 1992
|Pavel V. Houdek
|Computer controlled stereotaxic radiotherapy system and method
|2. Juli 1990
|26. Mai 1992
|Varian Associates, Inc.
|Electronically enhanced x-ray detector apparatus
|31. M�rz 1989
|2. Juni 1992
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Patient alignment system and procedure for radiation treatment
|22. M�rz 1990
|20. Okt. 1992
|John K. Grady
|Medical patient support table
|27. Sept. 1991
|1. Dez. 1992
|Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System
|Modular radiotherapy treatment chair and methods of treatment
|31. Okt. 1991
|4. Mai 1993
|Medco, Inc.
|Noninvasive head fixation method and apparatus
|10. Dez. 1991
|27. Juli 1993
|Radionics, Inc.
|Operating pointer with interactive computergraphics
|23. Okt. 1991
|31. Aug. 1993
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Retractable support assembly
|3. Mai 1991
|7. Sept. 1993
|University Of Pittsburgh
|Imaging fixation and localization system
|15. Juli 1992
|14. Dez. 1993
|The Nomos Corporation
|Method and apparatus for performing stereotactic surgery
|1. Juni 1993
|4. Jan. 1994
|Air Methods
|Knock down litter board
|21. Sept. 1992
|11. Jan. 1994
|Ohio Medical Instrument Co.
|Radiolucent head support
|5. Jan. 1993
|11. Jan. 1994
|Hitachi Medical Corporation
|Radiosurgery effecting position correction of collimator
|27. Juli 1992
|18. Jan. 1994
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Signaling device and method for monitoring positions in a surgical operation
|13. Okt. 1992
|25. Jan. 1994
|Board Of Regents Of The University Of Arizona/ University Of Arizona
|Reference frame for stereotactic radiosurgery using skeletal fixation
|8. Febr. 1993
|22. Febr. 1994
|Fraser Lance G
|Head support
|21. Okt. 1992
|22. M�rz 1994
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Methods and apparatus for dynamically managing input/output (I/O) connectivity
|1. Febr. 1993
|30. Aug. 1994
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Contour collimator for radiation therapy
|7. Mai 1993
|8. Nov. 1994
|Medical Advances, Inc.
|Two-part quadrature NMR coil
|3. Jan. 1994
|6. Dez. 1994
|Mclaurin, Jr.; Robert L.
|Immobilization system for repeated use in imaging and treating of brain tumors
|23. Dez. 1993
|6. Dez. 1994
|Medical Advances, Inc.
|Opposed loop-pair quadrature NMR coil
|16. Apr. 1993
|10. Jan. 1995
|John Misko
|Method and apparatus for stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated radiation therapy
|5. Mai 1992
|17. Jan. 1995
|Accsys Technology, Inc.
|Proton-beam therapy linac
|19. Aug. 1992
|14. Febr. 1995
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services
|Head holder for magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy system
|19. Aug. 1993
|28. M�rz 1995
|Hitachi Medical Corporation
|Apparatus and method for radiation imaging
|10. Dez. 1992
|27. Juni 1995
|Accuray, Inc.
|Apparatus for and method of carrying out stereotaxic radiosurgery and radiotherapy
|8. Okt. 1993
|29. Aug. 1995
|Siemens Medical Systems, Inc.
|Patient positioning and monitoring system
|31. Mai 1994
|3. Okt. 1995
|Kostich; Jeffrey V.
|Method for immobilizing the inferior portion of the human anatomy
|2. Nov. 1993
|7. Nov. 1995
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Vacuum-assisted fixation apparatus
|10. Juni 1994
|23. Jan. 1996
|Dietz; Henry G.
|Breath exposure synchronizer
|13. Febr. 1995
|30. Apr. 1996
|Loma Linda Medical Center
|Normalizing and calibrating therapeutic radiation delivery systems
|20. Jan. 1995
|2. Juli 1996
|Dean; Richard D.
|Body part immobilization device
|17. M�rz 1995
|23. Juli 1996
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Radioactive beam irradiation method and apparatus taking movement of the irradiation area into consideration
|22. Nov. 1994
|27. Aug. 1996
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Vacuum-assisted stereotactic fixation system with patient-activated switch
|6. Juni 1995
|3. Sept. 1996
|Medical Instrumentation And Diagnostics Corp.
|Laser measuring apparatus and method for radiosurgery/stereotactic radiotherapy alignment
|2. Mai 1995
|22. Okt. 1996
|Manwaring; Kim H.
|Apparatus and method for stabilizing a body part
|6. Sept. 1995
|29. Okt. 1996
|Shimadzu Corporation
|Apparatus for X-ray fluoroscopy and fluorography
|14. Febr. 1995
|31. Dez. 1996
|University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc.
|Repeat fixation for frameless stereotactic procedure
|12. Okt. 1995
|21. Jan. 1997
|Wfr/Aquaplast Corporation
|Adjustable patient immobilization system and method for patient immobilization
|17. Mai 1994
|21. Jan. 1997
|Nomos Corporation
|Method and apparatus for conformal radiation therapy
|21. M�rz 1996
|11. Febr. 1997
|Llacer; Jorge
|Method for optimization of radiation therapy planning
|30. Sept. 1994
|22. Apr. 1997
|Nomos Corporation
|Method and apparatus for patient positioning for radiation therapy
|1. Okt. 1996
|16. Sept. 1997
|Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
|Method and apparatus for proton therapy
|8. Okt. 1996
|14. Okt. 1997
|Feathers; John A.
|X-ray table extension for head and upper body support
|24. Apr. 1996
|14. Okt. 1997
|Visualization Technology, Inc.
|Position tracking and imaging system with error detection for use in medical applications
|19. Sept. 1996
|17. M�rz 1998
|University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education
|Apparatus responsive to movement of a patient during treatment/diagnosis
|16. Aug. 1996
|28. Apr. 1998
|Siemens Medical Systems, Inc.
|Alignment system and method for intra-operative radiation therapy
|4. Okt. 1996
|12. Mai 1998
|Elekta Ab
|Apparatus for treating a patient
|12. M�rz 1997
|30. Juni 1998
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Nuclear image diagnosis apparatus having patient arm and head support
|21. M�rz 1997
|7. Juli 1998
|Immobilization device
|24. Okt. 1996
|7. Juli 1998
|Varian Associates, Inc.
|Radiotherapy couch top
|21. Juli 1997
|11. Aug. 1998
|Roke Manor Research Ltd.
|Video-based systems for computer assisted surgery and localisation
|4. M�rz 1996
|25. Aug. 1998
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Stereotactic fixation system and calibration phantom
|24. Apr. 1996
|1. Sept. 1998
|Visualization Technology, Inc.
|Registration system for use with position tracking and imaging system for use in medical applications
|25. Okt. 1996
|15. Sept. 1998
|Varian Associates, Inc.
|Positioning system for a patient support apparatus
|3. Febr. 1997
|13. Okt. 1998
|Mcgaughey; Eleanor F.
|Post surgical brassiere
|16. Aug. 1996
|13. Okt. 1998
|Siemens Medical Systems, Inc.
|Identification system and method for radiation therapy
|31. Juli 1996
|20. Okt. 1998
|University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education
|Apparatus for automatically positioning a patient for treatment/diagnoses
|28. Okt. 1996
|20. Okt. 1998
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Proton beam digital imaging system
|11. Aug. 1997
|10. Nov. 1998
|Moldable vacuum cushion
|7. Jan. 1997
|8. Dez. 1998
|Siemens Medical Systems, Inc.
|System and method for reducing radiation leakage with intensity modulated treatments
|5. Mai 1997
|15. Dez. 1998
|Slide lock device and method for securing a patient positioning mold
|11. Sept. 1996
|22. Dez. 1998
|Sahadevan; Velayudhan
|Megavoltage radiation therapy machine combined to diagnostic imaging devices for cost efficient conventional and 3D conformal radiation therapy with on-line Isodose port and diagnostic radiology
|15. Aug. 1995
|2. Febr. 1999
|Visx, Incorporated
|System for detecting, measuring and compensating for lateral movements of a target
|24. Juni 1997
|2. M�rz 1999
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Medical system having movable components and a control device for preventing component collisions
|3. Nov. 1997
|20. Apr. 1999
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Beamline control and security system for a radiation treatment facility
|11. Apr. 1997
|15. Juni 1999
|Brenneisen; Werner
|Device for supporting a patient for stereotactic on-target radiation treatment
|19. Febr. 1997
|7. Sept. 1999
|Cosman; Eric R.
|Head and neck localizer
|12. Nov. 1996
|16. Nov. 1999
|Elekta Ab
|Device for repositioning a patient
|3. Sept. 1997
|21. Dez. 1999
|Kantrowitz; Allen
|Radiolucent table extension and method
|29. Juni 1998
|8. Febr. 2000
|Timeline, Inc.
|Data retrieval method and apparatus with multiple source capability
|29. Juni 1998
|15. Febr. 2000
|Timeline, Inc.
|Data retrieval method and apparatus with multiple source capability
|20. M�rz 1998
|4. Juli 2000
|International Business Machines Corporation
|System and method for operating scientific instruments over wide area networks
|4. Aug. 1998
|1. Aug. 2000
|Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd.
|Bed system for radiation therapy
|26. Mai 1998
|15. Aug. 2000
|Shepherd; Joseph S.
|Radiation therapy and radiation surgery treatment system and methods of use of same
|6. Jan. 1999
|12. Sept. 2000
|Reiffel; Leonard
|System to stabilize an irradiated internal target
|16. M�rz 1999
|7. Nov. 2000
|Accuray Incorporated
|Apparatus and method for compensating for respiratory and patient motion during treatment
|1. Dez. 1997
|7. Nov. 2000
|Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.
|Building automation system using common platform program and common function package for controlling facility loads and monitoring terminals
|28. Jan. 1999
|14. Nov. 2000
|The Regents Of The University Of California
|System and method for radiation dose calculation within sub-volumes of a monte carlo based particle transport grid
|29. Juli 1999
|19. Dez. 2000
|Med-Tec, Inc.
|Patient positioning device for radiation therapy
|11. Mai 1998
|23. Jan. 2001
|Mci Communication Corporation
|Automated information technology standards management system
|11. Apr. 1997
|30. Jan. 2001
|Perkinelmer Instruments Llc
|Ion detector, detector array and instrument using same
|8. Apr. 1998
|30. Jan. 2001
|Robert Hedgcock
|Method and apparatus for storing, retrieving, and processing multi-dimensional customer-oriented data sets
|3. Mai 1999
|27. Febr. 2001
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Magnetic resonance apparatus for intraoperative imaging
|15. Dez. 1998
|13. M�rz 2001
|Siemens Medical Systems, Inc.
|Flexible automated specification testing for quality checks
|25. Sept. 1997
|29. Mai 2001
|Siemens Medical Systems, Inc.
|Multi-leaf collimator constrained optimization of intensity modulated treatments
|16. Dez. 1998
|12. Juni 2001
|Hans Pausch Rontgengeratebau Gmbh & Co.
|Device for moving an X-ray table or the like
|1. Juli 1999
|14. Aug. 2001
|Moshe Ein-Gal
|Positioner for radiation treatment
|23. Okt. 1998
|28. Aug. 2001
|Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
|Method and system for positioning patients for medical treatment procedures
|19. Juli 2000
|4. Sept. 2001
|Now Machining & Manufacturing
|Adjustable head rest
|9. Apr. 1999
|30. Okt. 2001
|The Or Group, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for positioning a patient
|26. Aug. 1999
|6. Nov. 2001
|Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
|Displacement measuring method and apparatus
|2. Sept. 1999
|13. Nov. 2001
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Charged particle beam apparatus and method for operating the same
|27. Okt. 1998
|4. Dez. 2001
|Nomos Corporation
|Method and apparatus for target position verification
|15. Okt. 1997
|5. Febr. 2002
|Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
|Method and apparatus for calibration of radiation therapy equipment and verification of radiation treatment
|9. M�rz 2000
|23. Apr. 2002
|Joseph Fortin
|Moveable table
|31. Juli 2001
|23. Apr. 2002
|Now Machining & Manufacturing, Inc.
|Method of providing radiation therapy to the head of a patient
|6. Aug. 1999
|7. Mai 2002
|Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
|Delivery modification system for radiation therapy
|1. Dez. 1997
|11. Juni 2002
|Sherwood Services Ag
|Apparatus and method for determining a location of an anatomical target with reference to a medical apparatus
|18. Febr. 2000
|20. Aug. 2002
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Ionization chamber for ion beams and method for monitoring the intensity of an ion beam
|18. Okt. 2000
|3. Sept. 2002
|Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc.
|System and method for improved diagnostic imaging in a radiation treatment system
|7. Febr. 2000
|10. Sept. 2002
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Patient support table for medical imaging having regions for reduced radiation attenuation
|25. Jan. 2001
|17. Sept. 2002
|Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc
|Cradle for X-ray CT system and X-ray CT system
|14. M�rz 2000
|8. Okt. 2002
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for controlling circular accelerator
|10. Sept. 1999
|8. Okt. 2002
|Gsi Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Device and method for converting a charge-flow into a frequency signal
|22. Juli 2000
|15. Okt. 2002
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Method and apparatus for MR-based volumetric frameless 3-D interactive localization, virtual simulation, and dosimetric radiation therapy planning
|28. Sept. 2001
|29. Okt. 2002
|Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc.
|Intensity map reconstruction for radiation therapy with a modulating multi-leaf collimator
|3. Apr. 2000
|5. Nov. 2002
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Gantry with an ion-optical system
|22. Aug. 2000
|7. Jan. 2003
|Tecsys Development, Inc.
|System and method for managing computing devices within a data communications network from a remotely located console
|30. Sept. 1999
|21. Jan. 2003
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Apparatus and method for controlling a radiation device
|29. Aug. 2001
|20. Mai 2003
|Sherwood Services Ag
|Repositioner for head, neck, and body
|30. Okt. 2001
|10. Juni 2003
|Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc.
|Edge extension of intensity map for radiation therapy with a modulating multi-leaf collimator
|3. Febr. 2000
|22. Juli 2003
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Method for monitoring an emergency switch-off of an ion-beam therapy system
|12. M�rz 2001
|29. Juli 2003
|Steris, Inc.
|Low shadow radiolucent surgical table, clamp systems, and accessories therefore
|2. Febr. 2000
|29. Juli 2003
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Method of operating an ion beam therapy system with monitoring of beam position
|3. Febr. 2000
|2. Sept. 2003
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Method for monitoring the irradiation control unit of an ion-beam therapy system
|23. Okt. 1998
|16. Sept. 2003
|Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
|Method and system for predictive physiological gating of radiation therapy
|2. Febr. 2000
|28. Okt. 2003
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Method for checking beam steering in an ion beam therapy system
|18. Okt. 2001
|18. Nov. 2003
|Thomson & Nielsen Electronics Ltd.
|Computer assisted radiotherapy dosimeter system and a method therefor
|29. Juli 2002
|9. Dez. 2003
|Sherwood Services Ag
|Surgical positioning system
|3. Febr. 2000
|30. Dez. 2003
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Method of checking an isocentre and a patient-positioning device of an ion beam therapy system
|27. M�rz 2000
|13. Jan. 2004
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Device and method for controlling a raster scanner in ion-beam therapy
|10. Sept. 1999
|27. Jan. 2004
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Ion beam therapy system and a method for operating the system
|14. Nov. 2000
|10. Febr. 2004
|Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
|Method and system for physiological gating of radiation therapy
|6. Febr. 2002
|17. Febr. 2004
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Beam scanning system for a heavy ion gantry
|4. Nov. 2002
|2. M�rz 2004
|Anholt Technologies, Inc.
|Angling head immobilization device
|31. Juli 2002
|16. M�rz 2004
|Steven L. Rhodes
|Patient support pad for medical imaging equipment
|2. Juli 2001
|23. M�rz 2004
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Device for irradiating a tumor tissue
|4. Jan. 2001
|20. Apr. 2004
|St. Louis University
|System combining proton beam irradiation and magnetic resonance imaging
|7. M�rz 2001
|4. Mai 2004
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Ion beam system for irradiating tumor tissues
|3. Juli 2001
|4. Mai 2004
|Brainlab Ag
|Method for breath compensation in radiation therapy
|8. Febr. 2000
|18. Mai 2004
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Method for operating an ion beam therapy system by monitoring the distribution of the radiation dose
|27. Jan. 2000
|1. Juni 2004
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Method for checking beam generation and beam acceleration means of an ion beam therapy system
|2. Aug. 2002
|22. Juni 2004
|Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc
|Methods and apparatus for weighting of computed tomography data
|17. Aug. 2000
|29. Juni 2004
|Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc.
|High definition radiation treatment with an intensity modulating multi-leaf collimator
|20. M�rz 2003
|3. Aug. 2004
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Method and device for delivering radiotherapy
|25. M�rz 2003
|10. Aug. 2004
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Particle therapy system
|6. Juni 2003
|17. Aug. 2004
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Particle beam irradiation system and method of adjusting irradiation apparatus
|7. Apr. 2000
|24. Aug. 2004
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Patient motion monitoring system for proton therapy
|31. Aug. 2001
|14. Sept. 2004
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Multi-leaf collimator and medical system including accelerator
|4. Sept. 2002
|21. Sept. 2004
|Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for controlling a rotatable multi-element beam shaping device
|8. Febr. 2000
|28. Sept. 2004
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Method for verifying the calculated radiation dose of an ion beam therapy system
|1. Mai 2003
|12. Okt. 2004
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Medical particle irradiation apparatus
|28. Sept. 2001
|12. Okt. 2004
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Irradiation system and its irradiation target movement monitoring method, and irradiation target position recognizing method
|5. Febr. 2002
|26. Okt. 2004
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Apparatus for generating and selecting ions used in a heavy ion cancer therapy facility
|30. Juni 2003
|9. Nov. 2004
|Schaerer Mayfield Usa, Inc.
|Variable length radiolucent surgical table extension
|20. Juni 2000
|9. Nov. 2004
|Paul Scherrer Institut
|Device for carrying out proton therapy
|22. Dez. 2003
|23. Nov. 2004
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Configuration management and retrieval system for proton beam therapy system
|2. Nov. 2001
|4. Jan. 2005
|Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc.
|System and method for positioning an electric portal imaging device
|5. Febr. 2002
|15. Febr. 2005
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Apparatus for pre-acceleration of ion beams used in a heavy ion beam applications system
|21. Nov. 2001
|22. Febr. 2005
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Device and method for adapting the size of an ion beam spot in the domain of tumor irradiation
|11. Febr. 2000
|10. Mai 2005
|Gesellschaft Fuer Schwerionenforschung Mbh
|Ion beam scanner system and operating method
|23. Jan. 2004
|20. Dez. 2005
|Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
|Radiotherapy apparatus
|7. Juli 2004
|14. M�rz 2006
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Method and device for delivering radiotherapy
|20. Juli 2004
|18. Juli 2006
|Sinmed B.V.
|Modular patient support system for use in radiotherapy treatments
|22. Nov. 2004
|1. Aug. 2006
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Configuration management and retrieval system for proton beam therapy system
|25. Sept. 2002
|10. Okt. 2006
|Pencilbeam Technologies
|Body-supporting couch
|29. Jan. 2004
|28. Nov. 2006
|New England Medical Center Hospitals, Inc.
|Radiation field detection
|13. Mai 2005
|26. Dez. 2006
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Particle therapy system
|17. Okt. 2003
|26. Dez. 2006
|Accuray, Inc.
|Patient positioning assembly for therapeutic radiation system
|12. Aug. 2004
|6. Febr. 2007
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Modular patient support system
|12. Aug. 2004
|3. Apr. 2007
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Patient alignment system with external measurement and object coordination for radiation therapy system
|29. Juli 2005
|24. Apr. 2007
|Method to implement full six-degree target shift corrections in radiotherapy
|12. Aug. 2004
|9. Okt. 2007
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Path planning and collision avoidance for movement of instruments in a radiation therapy environment
|15. Nov. 2005
|27. Nov. 2007
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Particle beam irradiation system
|21. Dez. 2005
|19. Febr. 2008
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Method and device for delivering radiotherapy
|23. M�rz 2005
|25. M�rz 2008
|Paul Scherrer Institut
|Arrangement for performing proton therapy
|28. Juli 2006
|6. Mai 2008
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Configuration management and retrieval system for proton beam therapy system
|23. Febr. 2006
|13. Mai 2008
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Rotating gantry of particle beam therapy system
|10. Dez. 2001
|8. Juli 2008
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Proton beam therapy control system
|2. Apr. 2007
|4. Nov. 2008
|Loma Linda University Medical Centre
|Patient alignment system with external measurement and object coordination for radiation therapy system
|28. Dez. 2006
|14. Juli 2009
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Particle beam irradiation apparatus, treatment planning unit, and particle beam irradiation method
|28. Juni 2010
|24. Mai 2011
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Path planning and collision avoidance for movement of instruments in a radiation therapy environment
|25. Jan. 2001
|7. M�rz 2002
|Masashi Maida
|Cradle for X-ray CT system and X-ray CT system
|5. Apr. 2001
|14. M�rz 2002
|Henderson Fraser C.
|Novel radiosurgery methods that utilize stereotactic methods to precisely deliver high dosages of radiation especially to the spine
|25. Sept. 2001
|2. Mai 2002
|Andrei Pugachev
|Method for selecting beam orientations in intensity modulated radiation therapy
|10. Jan. 2002
|30. Mai 2002
|Cosman Eric R.
|Surgical positioning system
|28. Sept. 2001
|20. Juni 2002
|Shuichi Takahashi
|Irradiation system ans its irradiation target movement monitoring method, and irradiation target position recognizing method
|2. Juli 2001
|25. Juli 2002
|Adil Al-Kassim
|Tabletop for radiation therapy and diagnostic imaging
|7. Sept. 2001
|5. Sept. 2002
|Stephan Erbel
|Patient positioning system for radiotherapy
|29. Juli 2002
|12. Dez. 2002
|Sherwood Services Ag
|Surgical positioning system
|8. Juni 2001
|19. Dez. 2002
|Calypso Medical, Inc.
|Guided Radiation Therapy System
|16. Febr. 2001
|9. Jan. 2003
|Jaffray David A.
|Cone-beam computerized tomography with a flat-panel imager
|8. Juli 2002
|13. Febr. 2003
|Longton Wallace A.
|Diagnostic imaging tabletop
|2. Nov. 2001
|8. Mai 2003
|Speiser Burton L
|Radiation modulating apparatus and methods therefore
|2. Nov. 2001
|22. Mai 2003
|Steinberg Todd H.
|System and method for measuring beam quality and dosimetry using electronic portal imaging
|23. Mai 2001
|4. Sept. 2003
|Dieter Schardt
|Device for positioning a tumour patient with a tumour in the head or neck region in a heavy-ion theraphy chamber
|25. M�rz 2003
|2. Okt. 2003
|Tetsuro Norimine
|Particle therapy system
|6. Aug. 2001
|22. Jan. 2004
|Christian Karger
|Determining the position of an axis of rotation (patient positioning table, radiation therapy) on the basis of an angle of rotation and a chord through a movable mark
|9. Mai 2003
|12. Febr. 2004
|Karl Amann
|Patient support device for radiation therapy
|8. Juli 2003
|19. Febr. 2004
|Minoru Uematsu
|Composite system for radiation therapy
|20. Aug. 2002
|26. Febr. 2004
|Aktina Corp.
|Patient support system and elements thereof
|18. Juni 2003
|4. M�rz 2004
|Andreas Wackerle
|Patient positioning system for radiotherapy/radiosurgery based on stereoscopic X-ray unit
|16. Juli 2003
|29. Apr. 2004
|Alfred E. Mann Institute For Biomedical Engineering, University Of Southern California
|Support bra for ultrasonic breast scanner
|10. Dez. 2001
|20. Mai 2004
|Baumann Michael A.
|Proton beam therapy control system
|30. Mai 2003
|1. Juli 2004
|Coppens Daniel D.
|Patient support device with shoulder depression device
|30. Juni 2003
|15. Juli 2004
|Elekta Ab
|Radiation therapy device
|3. Juni 2002
|12. Aug. 2004
|Bruno Marchand
|Device and method for regulating intensity of beam extracted from a particle accelerator
|12. Febr. 2003
|12. Aug. 2004
|Siemens Medical Solutions Usa, Inc.
|Verification of radiation beam characteristics
|22. Dez. 2003
|26. Aug. 2004
|Beloussov Alexandre V.
|Configuration management and retrieval system for proton beam therapy system
|3. M�rz 2004
|9. Sept. 2004
|Kunio Moriyama
|Particle beam therapy system
|27. Jan. 2004
|23. Sept. 2004
|Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
|Radiation treatment apparatus
|30. Jan. 2004
|23. Sept. 2004
|Yoshihiko Nagamine
|Patient positioning device and patient positioning method
|13. Juli 2004
|10. M�rz 2005
|Sunnybrook And Women's College Health Sciences Centre
|Optical image-based position tracking for magnetic resonance imaging applications
|22. Nov. 2004
|7. Apr. 2005
|Beloussov Alexandre V.
|Configuration management and retrieval system for proton beam therapy system
|13. Dez. 2002
|2. Juni 2005
|Thomas Haberer
|Method and device for controlling a beam extraction raster scan irradiation device for heavy ions or protons
|23. M�rz 2005
|28. Juli 2005
|Paul Scherrer Institut
|Arrangement for performing proton therapy
|31. M�rz 2004
|13. Okt. 2005
|Phillip Wong
|Radiosurgery x-ray system with collision avoidance subsystem
|12. Aug. 2004
|22. Dez. 2005
|Cheng Chieh C
|Path planning and collision avoidance for movement of instruments in a radiation therapy environment
|12. Aug. 2004
|5. Jan. 2006
|Miller Daniel W
|Modular patient support system
|12. Aug. 2004
|26. Jan. 2006
|Rigney Nickolas S
|Patient alignment system with external measurement and object coordination for radiation therapy system
|15. Febr. 2006
|17. Aug. 2006
|Advanced Radiation Therapy, Llc
|Peripheral brachytherapy of protruding conformable organs
|28. Juli 2006
|25. Jan. 2007
|Beloussov Alexandre V
|Configuration management and retrieval system for proton beam therapy system
|12. Mai 2004
|25. Jan. 2007
|Ion Beam Applications Sa Of
|Method and system for automatic beam allocation in a multi-room particle beam treatment facility
|29. Juli 2005
|1. Febr. 2007
|Yue Ning J
|Method to implement full six-degree target shift corrections in radiotherapy
|22. Juni 2005
|8. Febr. 2007
|Reinhard Schulte
|Nanoparticle enhanced proton computed tomography and proton therapy
|8. Mai 2006
|22. Febr. 2007
|Moyers Michael F
|Method and device for registration and immobilization
|27. Sept. 2006
|26. Apr. 2007
|Andres Sommer
|Electrically conductive connection for a medical gantry
|24. Mai 2006
|17. Mai 2007
|Fondazione Per Adroterapia Oncologica - Tera
|Proton accelerator complex for radio-isotopes and therapy
|6. M�rz 2007
|12. Juli 2007
|Kazuo Hiramoto
|Ion beam delivery equipment and an ion beam delivery method
|2. Apr. 2007
|19. Juli 2007
|Rigney Nickolas S
|Patient alignment system with external measurement and object coordination for radiation therapy system
|12. Mai 2006
|15. Nov. 2007
|Brookhaven Science Associates, Llc.
|Gantry for medical particle therapy facility
|18. Mai 2007
|3. Jan. 2008
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Apparatus and method for receiving signal in a communication system
|27. Apr. 2007
|7. Febr. 2008
|Qfix Systems, Llc
|Method for Creating 3D Coordinate Systems in Image Space for Device and Patient Table Location and Verification
|1. Sept. 2006
|6. M�rz 2008
|Sven Oliver Grozinger
|Particle beam irradiation system
|13. Jan. 2006
|14. Aug. 2008
|Indiana University Research & Technology Corporation
|Automatic Retractable Floor System for a Rotating Gantry
|14. Apr. 2005
|14. Aug. 2008
|Paul Scherrer Institute
|System for Taking Wide-Field Beam-Eye-View (Bev) X-Ray-Images Simultaneously to the Proton Therapy Delivery
|10. Febr. 2006
|14. Aug. 2008
|Brookhaven Science Associates
|Methods for Implementing Microbeam Radiation Therapy
|27. M�rz 2008
|2. Okt. 2008
|Beloussov Alexandre V
|Configuration management and retrieval system for proton beam therapy system
|27. Mai 2008
|27. Nov. 2008
|Michael Marash
|Irradiation treatment apparatus and method
|27. Mai 2008
|25. Dez. 2008
|Leon Lifshitz
|Method and apparatus for teletherapy positioning and validation
|4. Nov. 2008
|12. M�rz 2009
|Rigney Nickolas S
|Patient alignment system with external measurement and object coordination for radiation therapy system
|4. Aug. 2008
|18. Juni 2009
|Leon Lifshitz
|Teletherapy treatment center
|12. Dez. 2006
|2. Juli 2009
|Yves Jongen
|Device and method for positioning a target volume in a radiation therapy apparatus
|12. Febr. 2008
|13. Aug. 2009
|Varian Medical Systems Technologies, Inc.
|Treatment booth for radiation therapy
|27. Nov. 2006
|3. Sept. 2009
|Paul Scherrer Institut
|Self-Propelled Patient Transport System
|21. Apr. 2009
|22. Okt. 2009
|Markstroem Marten
|Fixation device
|25. Juli 2006
|22. Okt. 2009
|Eike Rietzel
|Particle therapy system, method for determining control parameters of such a therapy system, radiation therapy planning device and irradiation method
|28. Mai 2008
|3. Dez. 2009
|Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
|Treatment of patient tumors by charged particle therapy
|30. Mai 2008
|3. Dez. 2009
|Varian Medical Systems International Ag
|Monitor units calculation method for proton fields
|12. Dez. 2005
|10. Dez. 2009
|Ion Beam Applications Sa
|Patient positioning imaging device and method
|6. Apr. 2009
|10. Dez. 2009
|Antony Lomax
|Producing a radiation treatment plan
|12. Mai 2009
|17. Dez. 2009
|Dr. Vladimir Balakin
|Multi-field charged particle cancer therapy method and apparatus coordinated with patient respiration
|30. Aug. 2009
|24. Dez. 2009
|Vladimir Balakin
|Patient positioning method and apparatus used in conjunction with a charged particle cancer therapy system
|27. M�rz 1975
|14. Juli 1983
|Societe Nationale Des Poudres Et Explosifs, 75181 Paris, Fr
|Titel nicht verf�gbar
|2. Aug. 1978
|19. Mai 1994
|British Tech Group
|Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Bildinformationen aus einem Untersuchungsobjekt
|22. Dez. 1986
|6. Okt. 1988
|Buchler Gmbh, 3300 Braunschweig, De
|Titel nicht verf�gbar
|25. Mai 1994
|30. Nov. 1995
|Laser Applikationan Gmbh
|Positioning patients during radiological diagnosis or radiation therapy
|27. M�rz 1996
|19. M�rz 1998
|Knapp Juergen Michael
|26. Juli 2005
|4. Okt. 2007
|Siemens Ag
|Partikeltherapieanlage, Verfahren zum Bestimmen von Steuerparametern einer derartigen Therapieanlage, Strahlentherapieplanungsvorrichtung und Bestrahlungsverfahren
|29. Juni 2000
|31. Okt. 2001
|General Electric Company
|Multi-axis planar mechanism for a positioner patient platform
|29. Jan. 2004
|26. Sept. 2007
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Patient positioning device
|22. Juli 2004
|12. Okt. 2005
|Paul Scherrer Institut
|A system for delivery of proton therapy
|22. Dez. 2003
|16. Apr. 2008
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Configuration management and retrieval system for proton beam therapy system
|4. Apr. 2005
|11. Okt. 2006
|Ion Beam Applications S.A.
|Patient positioning imaging device and method
|2. Dez. 2005
|6. Juni 2007
|Paul Scherrer Institut
|Self-propelled patient transport system
|12. Dez. 2005
|13. Juni 2007
|Ion Beam Applications S.A.
|Device and method for positioning a patient in a radiation therapy apparatus
|16. Aug. 2007
|3. Nov. 2010
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Radiotherapy facility, method for adapting the radiation field for radiation treatment of the exposed body surface of the patient
|28. Aug. 2007
|26. Jan. 2011
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Particle beam irradiation facility for treating ocular tumors
|11. M�rz 2009
|2. Dez. 2015
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method and device producing a radiation plan
|6. Mai 2008
|11. Nov. 2009
|Ion Beam Applications S.A.
|Device and method for particle therapy monitoring and verification
|Titel nicht verf�gbar
|Titel nicht verf�gbar
|Titel nicht verf�gbar
|Titel nicht verf�gbar
|Titel nicht verf�gbar
|Titel nicht verf�gbar
|Titel nicht verf�gbar
|Titel nicht verf�gbar
|Titel nicht verf�gbar
|5. Juni 2002
|19. Dez. 2002
|Calypso Medical Technologies, Inc.
|Guided radiation therapy system
|"Dedicated Medical Ion Accelerator Design Study" by Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, et al., Dec. 1977, PCTA008295-PCTA008455.
|"Design of a Proton Therapy Synchrotron" by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Jun. 1986, LL467-LL574.
|"Proceedings of a Medical Workshop on Accelerators for Charged-Particle Beam Therapy" by Fermilab, Jan. 1985, LL33170-LL33313.
|"Product Overview" by BrainLAB Radiotherapy Solutions, Copyright 2004 BrainLAB AG.
|"Proton Therapy Facility: Engineering Design Report" by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Feb. 1987, LL45441-LL45570.
|"Proton Therapy System" by Brobeck Corporation, Nov. 1985, LL54413-LL54459.
|Andreo, P., et al., "Calibration of Photon and Electron Beams" Department of Medical Radiation Physics, University of Stockholm, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden and (J.P. Seuntjens, E.B. Podgorsak) Department of Medical Physics, McGill Univeristy Healt Centre, Montreal, Quibec, Canada. Ch. 9, pp. 301-318, ISBN 92-0-107304-6, 2005.
|Casar B., et al. "Evaluation of water equivalency of Plastic Water(TM) for high-energy electron beams using IAEA TRS-398 Code of Practice" Radiol Oncol 2004; 38(7): 55-60.
|Casar B., et al. "Evaluation of water equivalency of Plastic Water™ for high-energy electron beams using IAEA TRS-398 Code of Practice" Radiol Oncol 2004; 38(7): 55-60.
|European Search Report for Application No. 02789303.1, dated Dec. 3, 2004.
|International Preliminary Report on Patentability for PCT/US04/26079, Aug. 12, 2004.
|International Search Report for PCT/US02/34556, dated Apr. 2, 2003.
|K. Lipinski, "Lexikon der Datenkommunikation", Bergheim, DATACOM, 3rd Edition, 1995, ISBN 3-89238-123-2, particularly p. 18, p. 96, p. 97, p. 411.
|Matsu'Ura, Jun, "Systems for Overall Control and Beam Transport of the HIMAC," Mitsubishi Electric Advance, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Tokyo, JP, vol. 72, Sep. 1995, pp. 5-7.
|R.A. Gough, E.L. Alpen, "The Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator-Final Design Summary", Pub 5122, Jun. 1984, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.
|R.A. Gough, E.L. Alpen, "The Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator—Final Design Summary", Pub 5122, Jun. 1984, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.
|Zitiert von Patent
|25. Aug. 2010
|20. Mai 2014
|Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
|Systems and methods for monitoring radiation treatment
|13. Apr. 2012
|10. Juni 2014
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Path planning and collision avoidance for movement of instruments in a radiation therapy environment
|24. Okt. 2013
|17. M�rz 2015
|Loma Linda University Medical Center
|Patient alignment system with external measurement and object coordination for radiation therapy system
|27. Apr. 2012
|8. Nov. 2016
|Elekta Ab (Publ)
|Vision system for radiotherapy machine control
|6. Juni 2014
|18. Apr. 2017
|Vision Rt Limited
|Path planning and collision avoidance for movement of instruments in a radiation therapy environment
|26. Juni 2014
|16. Mai 2017
|General Electric Company
|System and method to simulate maintenance of a device
|10. Apr. 2009
|12. Nov. 2009
|Huettenberger Stefan
|Medical facility and method of docking a positioning device with a shuttle
|25. Aug. 2010
|13. Okt. 2011
|Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
|Systems and methods for monitoring radiation treatment
|27. Apr. 2012
|31. Okt. 2013
|Per H. Bergfjord
|Vision system for radiotherapy machine control
|3. Febr. 2017
|31. Aug. 2017
|Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc.
|System and method for collision avoidance using virtual boundaries
|378/117, 378/65
|Internationale Klassifikation
|Europ�ische Klassifikation
|12. Febr. 2013
|Certificate of correction
|16. Okt. 2015
Owner name: VISION RT LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER;REEL/FRAME:036812/0767
Effective date: 20150818
|21. Okt. 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|13. Jan. 2017
Owner name: LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:VISION RT LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:040984/0705
Effective date: 20150507


text:
Robert F. Jakubowicz: When 'traditions' are myths and bigotry
'It's not a traditional America anymore," la mented Fox News commentator Bill O'Reilly after the reelection of President Obama. What traditional America was O'Reilly talking about?
Traditions are customs, practices and beliefs handed down from one generation to the next. Did he mean the racist and anti-women traditions of the generation of our Founding Fathers at the time of the drafting and adoption of the Constitution in the 18th century? They were slave owners who perpetuated that tradition in the Constitution's reference about others than free "free persons" (slaves) being counted as three-fifths of a person for purposes of apportioning the districts among members of the House of Representative. These founders also constitutionally banned states from enacting laws that would make escaped slaves from other states free.
These racial practices morphed into a tradition of segregation in the 19th century. Meanwhile, the tradition of these founders of not allowing women to vote continued into the 19th century. One of the underlying points of these traditions was to ensure the power of propertied white males in America. These were traditions that needed to be changed and they were.
The ability of the people to make such changes in American traditions is one of the things that makes this country great. Although these traditions have been changed, their echoes were heard in the past presidential election.
State legislatures, controlled by Republicans and GOP governors and secretaries of states made serious attempts to suppress the votes of middle and lower class, non-white voters by curtailing voter registration times and voting hours as well as requiring problematic voter ID documents. Republican congressional leaders publicly vowed to prevent the reelection of America's only non-white president. And Mitt Romney ran on a platform favoring the interests of the so-called 1 percent of predominantly white wealthy Americans.
Was O'Reilly lamenting the loss of the possibility of a return in some fashion to these early racist and anti-women traditions under a Romney presidency? Or perhaps O'Reilly was referring to the earlier traditions of the generation of Pilgrims in the 17th century who have also been referred to as the fathers of our country. One of their best known traditions is the celebration of Thanksgiving Day which brings me to the main point of this column.
The traditional story behind this celebration is so deep-rooted that it appears in dictionaries this holiday is defined as being "marked by religious observances and a traditional meal including a turkey" commemorating "a harvest festival celebrated by the Pilgrims in 1621."
But James W. Loewen in his book, "Lies My Teacher Told Me -- Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong," says that the "true history of Thanksgiving reveals embarrassing facts" about this story. It was not a day, according to Loewen, when the Pilgrims, who celebrated their taming of a wilderness, feasted with the needy, savage Native Americans they found there. It was the latter, who not only helped the Pilgrims to survive after they landed here, but shared one of their long-standing traditional feasts with the former. These Native Americans supplied the food which was indigenous to America that is now part of the Thanksgiving Day tradition, corn, squash, pumpkins and the like.
Thanksgiving celebrations were not something that were started by the Pilgrim in 1621. Such events were observed, according to historians, all over the world and by the Native Americans in southeastern Massachusetts at various times, long before the Pilgrims landed there. They were held to give thanks for such things as good crops, good weather, a war victory and the like. In America, Abraham Lincoln declared Thanksgiving Day as a holiday in 1863 during the Civil War reportedly to boost the moral and patriotism of the Union. The Pilgrims were not made a part of the celebration until 1890.
But what is troubling about this myth to Loewen, today's Native Americans, who refer to this celebration now as a "Day of Mourning," and an increasing number of other Americans is the storyline for the holiday. It is a narrative of civilized, God-fearing and God-favored Pilgrims, in their Sunday best clothes, sharing their food with needy, almost naked, heathen, and inferior savages in an effort to help them.
Loewen points out that this not only marginalizes Native Americans, but that it is a story that tends to make Americans ethnocentric. In other words, with God on the side of the founders of this country, we are God's nation and superior to other nations and cultures.
This makes us an exceptional and superior country. We have been an exceptional nation with what we have accomplished. But, it is the judging of other nations and cultures according to our standards and traditions in our foreign policy that has caused trouble for our country.
The point is that the traditional story of the Pilgrims as part of this holiday should be considered for what it factually was. It was a small part of a sad story of our early colonists through disease and warfare practically annihilating the Native Americans who were self-sufficient, helpful and thoughtful people.
According to Loewen, a correct understanding of the era surrounding this story of the so-called first Thanksgiving in this country "could help Americans grow more thoughtful and more tolerant, rather than more ethnocentric."
Robert F. Jakubowicz is a regular Eagle contributor.
If you'd like to leave a comment (or a tip or a question) about this story with the editors, please email us. We also welcome letters to the editor for publication; you can do that by filling out our letters form and submitting it to the newsroom.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Shopping Cart $0.00 (0 Items)
Cart Summary
- There was an error
- It was successful
Old Town Vapor 10 XT Kayak
Sale: $529.97
Reg: $599.99
Reg: $599.99
Sale: $529.97
Reg: $599.99
Sale: $529.97
Reg: $599.99
Sale: $529.97
Reg: $599.99
Sale: $529.97
Reg: $599.99
Old Town Vapor 10 XT Kayak - The Vapor 10 was already a great kayak, but Old Town took it a step further with the XT by adding a cover for the day well and an extremely comfortable seating system.
Old Town Vapor 10 XT Kayak - The seat is fully adjustable and made from Comfort Flex XT so that it will flex to your body type and give you the padding you need. A molded-in cockpit tray with cup holder gives you a great work station. The adjustable foot braces and thigh pads come together to give you legs the fit and comfort they need. The large open cockpit gives you room to move around and enjoy your time on the water with family and friends. Comfortable, built-in carry handles make it easy to take your Vapor XT to and from the water. The stern mounted day well with hinged cover will keep your extra gear dry. Pull out the drain plug when you hit the shore to quickly clear out and water.
- Length: 10'
- Width: 28.5"
- Cockpit: 19.5"x48"
- Deck Height: 16.75"
- Weight: 49 lbs
- Max Load Range: 275 - 325 lbs
- headerText
- Others Who Bought This Item Also Viewed
- numRecs
- 3
- -inc-price
- true
- -rec-builder
- My_Custom_Builder
- dataItems
- listPrice
- salePrice
Customer Support
We are here to help if you need us, please contact Customer Support at: