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By By Thierry Dubois, on Twitter: @aerodub_e | May 30, 2012
EASA certification of the Eurocopter EC130T2 light single—a major upgrade from the EC130B4—is imminent. The first example is scheduled to go to sightseeing operator Maverick Helicopters by the end of the year. FAA certification is expected in time for this U.S. delivery.
The Marignane, France-based manufacturer says it has listened to operators to improve the original EC130. The EC130T2 is being offered at a time when some operators are considering EC130 fleet renewal. When 12 years old, an EC130 needs a major overhaul. It is so expensive and time-consuming that replacement is a strong option.
The EC130T2 features improved air conditioning, doors and seats, among other enhancements. At maximum cruise speed, it flies at 127 kts. Photo by Thierry Dubois, on Twitter: @aerodub_e
Improving "details" such as air conditioning, doors, hook, seats, fuel tank, engine, etc. has involved modifying 70 percent of the airframe. The T2, however, looks like the B4. It has the same number of passenger seats—up to seven. So why not take advantage of the airframe changes to enhance aerodynamics or capacity?
"Keeping the aircraft's shape is a way to keep its flight qualities unchanged," answers Benoît Terral, operational marketing manager for aerial work customers. Therefore, the certification effort remains minimal and affordable. "It is just an additional line on the type certificate," says Janick Blanc, vice president of light helicopter programs.
Moreover, for an EC130 B4 pilot, type rating remains the same. Eurocopter recommends two days of training but they are not mandatory. Pilots and maintenance technicians can just read the manuals.
Externally, the only details that distinguish the T2 from the older version are three air intakes. Two of them, on the engine cowling, have triangular shapes. The third one is located just below the fuselage, on the right side, next to a landing light.
Although these changes look small, they speak volumes about one focus of the upgrade—ventilation and air conditioning. Sightseeing operators, for example, complained it was too weak for those temperatures found in the Grand Canyon area. Now, "we want to offer automotive standards," Terral says. In the T2, more air outlets combine with an easier setting of cabin temperature. Air conditioning power has been boosted from 4.5 to 7.5 kilowatts.
Engine power has increased, too—from 847 to 952 shp. It can be used at full power, thanks to the Fenestron tailrotor, Terral explains. On the AS350 B3e, the same engine has to be derated because its conventional tailrotor can't accommodate full power. The Turbomeca Arriel 2D turboshaft also has a 2 percent lower specific fuel consumption than the EC130 B4's Arriel 2B1. This may allow Grand Canyon operators to avoid one refueling stop on their round trip from Las Vegas, Blanc estimates.
The Arriel 2D's initial time between overhaul (TBO) will be 4,000 flight hours—up from 3,500 on the B1. Turbomeca hopes to bring this to 6,000 hours eventually.
The 2D features a "creep damage counter" to better predict maintenance. Some operators heavily use the full power setting; therefore, they have to replace the combustor and high-pressure turbine more often than the nominal TBO. The creep damage counter determines, in real time, creep deterioration of the blades. This can be read on an additional "usage" line on the engine health display. It indicates, for instance, the blades have reached 50 percent of their design life at 1,000 flight hours. "You no longer need in-depth inspections for this," Terral says.
Related: Helicopter Airframe News
Look for the full version of this story in late June at www.rotorandwing.com and in the July 2012 print edition of Rotor & Wing.


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Clicking in to the Slice inbox today, we've got a report from the field regarding the Patsy's 60¢ pizza event yesterday.
Hey, Adam, Hope you are doing well! We went to check out the Patsy's Pizza anniversary last night and when we go there a little after 7 p.m., they had already cut off the line and weren't serving anymore—the angry mob must have broken up shortly before we got there. Eater has a full account of the line cut-off situation. It was a bummer not to get the anniversary deal, especially after treking uptown, but I figure, it was a goodwill promotion and it's not like Patsty's owes me anything. Now, if I had been waiting for three hours in the heat, expecting to be able to order pizza, I probably would have been seriously steamed (and hungry). There are a bunch of pictures from our Patsy's trip in our Flickr.
What did strike me was that the management acted like the promotion had always been set until just 7 p.m., but everything I read said 10 p.m. Some people in line said that previously they had signs up that said until 10 p.m. Were you able to get the promotional pizza?
Take care, Brownie
Dear Brownie, Thanks for the intel. I didn't have time to visit Patsy's. I am chained to a desk, basically. And if I did have time, I am crowd- and line-averse. This was one time I was happy to have "the work excuse" for not visiting.
Looks like you accomplished your mission, though, sort of. At least you got some slices, even if they were full price at the takeout shop next door.
The press release I got on this is below, verbatim, with the 10 p.m. end time.
Hasta la pizza, Adam
Press Release
A Landmark East Harlem Institution Celebrates its 75th Anniversary Patsy's 75 years and counting!
Grilled 12 ounce New York cut steak, 90 cents? Grilled Salmon filet served with fresh lemon, 90 cents? Original coal oven pizza, 60 cents? Soda, ice tea, bottled water, 10 cents? Yes, unbelievable but true. Patsy's Restaurant a landmark East Harlem institution will be celebrating its 75th Anniversary by rolling back to the 1930s.
Patsy's first opened its New York City location at 2287-91 1st Avenue in 1933, having been the dream of a pair of Italian Immigrant newlyweds, Patsy and Carmella Lancieri. Patsy's established itself as a family style" old fashion type" neighborhood restaurant immediately. Positioning itself in the neighborhood, Patsy's catered to the growing population of Italian immigrants who longed for the cuisine of their fatherland in a casual family style atmosphere.
As a result, almost immediately, Patsy's atmosphere, style and cuisine began attracting many popular famous personalities. Actors and singers such as Frank Sinatra, Tony Bennett, Dean Martin and others became regulars. Famous New York Yankees, Phil Rizzutto, Joe Dimaggio and Yogi Berra made it a convenient stop. Elected Officials to include Rudy Guliani, Mike Bloomberg, Spiro Agnew and others visited after a day of vigorous campaigning.
Patsy's will be celebrating this momentous occasion by rolling back all its prices on its menu. Proclamations will be presented by the office of, New York City Mayor Mike Bloomberg, Congress Member Charlie Rangel, Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer, Council Member Melissa Mark Viverito among others. We will enjoy music, food and yes, the traditional cutting of the cake. Happy Birthday Patsy's!
Date: Tuesday, August 19, 2008 Time: Press Conference begins at 11:30 AM Event begins at 11:00 AM - 10:00 PM Location: 2287 First Avenue, New York (117 - 118 Street 1st Avenue)

subset: commoncrawl


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– A Pocomoke man wanted in connection to a string of burglaries throughout the
county over a two-day period in March and April is in custody in Delaware this
week after attempting another burglary and having his car tires shot by a
concerned neighbor as he tried to escape.
Donaway, 32, was charged last week with multiple residential burglaries over
two days in Worcester County including break-ins in Berlin, Snow Hill and
Whaleyville, after a month-long investigation by the Worcester County Bureau of
Investigation (WCBI) connected him to an attempted burglary at a residence in
Millsboro. Donoway allegedly broke into several residences in Berlin, Snow Hill
and Whaleyville among other locations during a two-day spree.
turned himself in to Delaware State Police (DSP) in late April after a bizarre
incident during which a concerned neighbor shot out the tires of his car as he
attempted to flee a failed break-in in Millsboro. According to a police
release, the incident began around 11:30 a.m. on April 27 when a concerned
citizen in Millsboro observed activity in the house next door. The neighbor
called the homeowner to ask if anyone was supposed to be home, and when the
neighbor replied nobody was supposed to be in the house, the concerned citizen
retrieved a gun and went next door.
to the DSP report, the neighbor confronted the suspect, later identified as
Donaway, and told him to get out of the house. Donoway then got into his vehicle
and attempted to drive away when the gun-toting neighbor fired a round into the
vehicle's front left tire. Donaway fled the scene and drove to Maryland.
Authorities in Delaware were able to make contact with Donaway and he later
turned himself in.
was charged in Delaware with second-degree burglary and possession of burglary
tools and is being held on a $10,500 bond. Investigators in Worcester were then
able to connect Donaway to the series of similar break-ins in the county in
March and April. According to a WCBI release, Donaway is wanted in connection
with residential burglaries on Shire Drive, Woodlawn Drive and Marina Drive in
Berlin, as well as St. Luke's Rd. in Snow Hill and two residences on Blueberry
Rd. and Shavox Church Rd. in Whaleyville along with another break-in in Eden,
In each
case, the method of gaining entry into the residences was by force, typically
by prying open a door or window. Donaway has not been formally charged in
Worcester pending extradition from Delaware.


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Pearl Street Hyannis-"where art is cultured" www.hyartsdistrict.com
12:00-5:00pm and always by appointment Tue, Jun 18 - Tue, Dec 31, 2013
Venue: HyArts Campus
250 Pearl Street, Hyannis, MA 02601Contact:
Melissa Hersh
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Gallery Artrio and Bass River Pottery at 50 Pearl Street are the newest additions to the HyArts Campus located in the HyArts Cultural District in downtown Hyannis. Pearl Street plays an important role as part of the Town-owned properties on the arts campus at the corner of South and Pearl, a unique artist live / work space developed by the Town of Barnstable which also includes the Guyer Barn and Sarah Holl ArtSpace. Gallery Artrio is owned and managed by three artists; Susan Carey, Kathy Edmonston and Colleen Vandeventer, who bring diverse professional backgrounds to the business and come together with a common vision for this new fine art gallery. As former participants in the HyArts Shanties Program, the artists have watched the Hyannis arts scene develop. "We think it is the right time to bring a fine art gallery downtown and had been looking for the right space," said Kathy Edmonston of East Sandwich. "Our goal is to offer quality fine art in a beautiful, relaxing environment that showcases the work of the artists in a way we think patrons will love," said Sue Carey of West Hyannisport. "We had more in mind than a gallery, when we imagined Artrio," Colleen Vandeventer said. "We want to be active participants in this emerging arts district. So, we will have a working artist studio during gallery hours in the summer. Off-season we will convert more of the summer gallery into working studios. We'll have Open Studio events, special exhibits and occasional workshops to keep us busy year round." Gallery Artrio will represent several local painters, as well as handblown glass from McDermott Glass Studio in Sandwich, and hand-wrought jewelry from two design studios. The Gallery plans to open the end of May. www.galleryartrio.com Bass River Pottery is the work of local potter, Jeanmarie O'Clair. Her work includes sgraffito work, functional stoneware, whimsical sculpture and hand cut artisan tiles along with her original Mermaid Mug and Sea Shell Earring bowls. "Don't wait to use the "good dishes", every day is a good day!" says Jeanmarie, who is looking forward to have her own studio workspace alongside other artists. "To have a studio near the ocean and be recognized as a working artist is a dream come true. The chance to collaborate with other artists and be in the heart of downtown Hyannis is exciting and inspiring. I am looking forward to a busy season!" Jeanmarie's studio is open to the public, currently weekdays, 9:30AM-3PM and always by appointment. www.bassriverpottery.com The HyArts Campus located at the corner of Pearl and South Street provides community art space, working artist studios and a professional artist gallery which support and promote the arts through instruction, events, exhibits and performances; the campus includes Gallery Artrio, Bass River Pottery, Sarah Holl ArtSpace and the Guyer Barn. www.hyartsdistrict.com and on facebook at hyartsdistrict.
MA Spotlight on Carole Copeland Thomas
Enriching Multicultural Tourism in Massachusetts Carole Copeland Thomas is a thought leader and public speaker...
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Tyson D is ok but his offence can be easly stopped
compare both game with Nets before PJ and now
No alley opps no easy hooks nothing
Love can shoot 3s its true now he is struggling but he was double double machine but still he is better in offense than Tyson
[Only registered and activated users can see links. ]
but looks like even non Knicks fans says Tyson is nba champ gold medalist etc........
edit: wrong thread
Last edited by Real NY Baller; Jan 24, 2013 at 13:09.
I would go for that trade right now.
I love Love too. but rebounding isn't really the problem... its the long range jumpers bricking off the rim. It's hard to position yourself after those kinds of shots. K.Love would have a hard time grabbing some of those boards too. Rebounds from the long ball often goes into the hands of the back court...often resulting in fast breaks. Less jumpshots will give us better rebounding opportunities.


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Will Dolan pay the luxury tax or let an asset like LIN who can only make us more of a contender to the Heat go......
My Vote is after the Larry Brown fiasco, the 9 million dollars sexual harassment its a no brainer....spend the money on LIN.....
Will Dolan pay the luxury tax or let an asset like LIN who can only make us more of a contender to the Heat go......
My Vote is after the Larry Brown fiasco, the 9 million dollars sexual harassment its a no brainer....spend the money on LIN.....
The pg position is more about basketball IQ than anything else. The smartest pgs, regardless of their physical attributes, are usually the best ones.
Real Talk
Knicks fans: if we match for lin for that much money i will leave
Knicks fans one week later: if we dont match lin i will leave
Knicks fans: **** steve nash we need jason kidd
Knicks fans couple days later: **** jason kidd hes too old, we need a player like nash
Make up your mind. Me personally, orange and blue no matter who dons the colors. Whoever says otherwise stop posting. Its as easy as that.
Even if Lin becomes an All-Star he will ALWAYS have critics saying he is not worth the money and MSG overpaid.
You know who cares? Nobody? People like to spew their opinions without any contemplation.
Raymond Felton was the missing championship piece for the NY Knicks. The Knicks would have won a championship 2 seasons ago had they found a way to have both Melo and Felton on the same roster. The Knicks now can go ahead and beat the Miami Heat in a playoff series. Felton has never played with a hall of fame PG like Jason Kidd who can teach him how to put up Rajon Rondo type numbers. Glen Grunwald by far has been the best GM in the NBA since he took over for Donnie Walsh.
Humility is a virtue and pride is a vice.
I don't believe in Felton being the missing championship PG for NYK. Chalmers would of shut him down IMO.
Head to head stats, Chalmers defends Felton very well.
When you have offensive talent like we have all you need is a PG to get them the ball.
Avery Johnson has an NBA Championship because he set up his team's offense and got the ball to Duncan and Robinson.
and I'l go on record saying Felton is a better PG than Avery Johnson
I didn't know just how good Raymond Felton is. I still don't think many people do. Raymond Felton is already pretty consistent and if he stays in NY I believe he will only get better. Raymond Felton is definitely the answer to the knicks puzzle at the point guard position. Here's something to watch before game time. Its a documentary about Raymond Felton in 2002. For those who don't know, He played alongside Carmelo Anthony and Amare Stoudemire in the McDonald's All-American game over a decade ago. Heres an article about it.
[Only registered and activated users can see links. ] Its awesome how the coach in the documentary is like "I belive Felton is North Caronlina's next "Saviour" after Michael Jordan.", and How Felton was part of the team that brought the championship back to the Tar Heels in 2005.
Felton is overrated as hell.
Never seen so much hyped for a PG who's ranked 27th in the NBA in terms of efficiency.
What he did in the NCAA is irrelevant especially since he played with 3 other lottery picks in Marvin Williams, Sean May, and Rashad McCants.
Felton is not the answer at PG. He's average as hell and will limit this team's potential from being the best in the NBA. We live in an era of PG's...Felton stands amongst the bottom.
I disagree, although I understand why you think that way because I did also before I knew about Felton's championship mentality and skill. We have our superstars in Melo and Stat. Even if a point guard like CP3 and Deron Williams came to NY, points would have to drop for these players somewhere. Felton can be a top scorer too. He has the skills, hes just an unselfish player and that's EXACTLY WHAT THE Knicks need to win the championship. You think Derrick Rose would put up the numbers he did on the same team as Carmelo given the fact that they both demand high number of posessions? I do believe Felton is up there in terms of skills, I believe his conditioning can be better and his defense is solid along with prigioni, which is a reason why the knicks got better in defense as a team this year.
Felton may have had ups and down on the Knicks, but he's been exceptional in this post-season.
Sig made by Sons of Thunder


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text:
All quotes tagged Pitful
(144 quotes found)
"I am walking over hot coals suspended over a deep pit at the bottom of which are a large number of vipers baring their fangs."
"Does the Eagle know what is in the pit / Or wilt thou go ask the Mole? / Can Wisdom be put in a silver rod, / Or Love in a golden bowl?"
"And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon."
"Failure is a bottomless pit ready to devour you. If you always look up and never look down, failure is void."
"God has pitted you against a rough antagonist that you may be a conqueror, and this cannot be without toil"


text:
Canister filter media designed to fit the FilStar XP. Aquarium Pharmaceuticals Rena Filstar Foam removes coarse debris and solid wastes before they enter chemical and biological filtration chambers.
The Filstar Foam 30 Filtration system can be used for removal of fine debris in aquarium. To use, place Foam in the lowest part of the bottom basket in filter, above Filstar Foam 20. Rinse every two to four weeks to maintain water filtration.
Be sure to replace after several months. Can be rinsed and re-used many times. Open-cell design permits free flow of water. There are two pads per box!
Foam 20 - (20 ppi - pores per inch)
Foam 30 - (30 ppi - pores per inch)


text:
I wanted to share one of the outfits I have finished so far for my 8 year old. She told me today that home made clothes are better than bought clothes because they are made with lots of love and fit perfect. My heart just melted.
Kanani in her Bunny Outfit


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1. At what point were you worried for Bella's safety with the thugs? Or did you have some idea that Edward would show up just in the nick of time?
Really, as soon as she kind of wandered away from the populated part of town. It is, by this point, absolutely clear that she attracts danger like nothing else. I honestly wasn't sure what would happen.
2. How did you feel about Edward's emotional reaction to the whole situation? Were you afraid of him? Were you worried for Bella?
Absolutely, I was not afraid of Edward or for Bella. Edward's reaction to the situation provided great insight into his mind and motivations. He clearly has some sort of connection to Bella, and dreads the idea of harm coming to her.
3. Were you surprised that Edward told the truth so quickly about his ability to mind read? Had you guessed that this was his secret?
I wasn't surprised at all. In the case of revealing his gift, I think he was relieved that that was the only thing he revealed to that point. I think he figured better "just" that, than the big one.
4. What was your personal theory as to why Edward can't hear Bella's mind the first time you read the book?
Not a bloody clue. I found it fascinating, though. Actually, more fascinating was the the idea that Bella viewed it as a shortcoming on her part.
5. Did it concern you at all that Edward keeps such a close watch over Bella? Did it seem somewhat like a stalker to you or did you just brush it off?
No. Clearly, if he wanted to hurt her, he would have already. I was kind of intrigued as to how he was able to keep such close tabs on her, though.


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Hundreds of elected officials, community and business leaders, family and friends came together yesterday at a memorial service to celebrate his life and achievements and to share memories of a man devoted to his family and community and the people that make it so special.
More than anything, the tributes and stories reflect Fazzino's love of working with people to accomplish good, his sense of fairness, and a warmth and humor that were more obvious in his private than public life.
With 18 years of service on the City Council and active community service for more than 40 years — since his days at Palo Alto High School in the late '60s — Fazzino created a legacy matched by few, if any, individuals over the century-plus since Palo Alto's founding in 1894.
His love and knowledge of local history were widely recognized, matched only by his commitment to good government. Even those who disagreed with his political views and council decisions felt he had listened to them and felt mutual respect.
Although the consummate "insider" in Palo Alto politics, he was also a strong believer in the importance of average citizens' initiatives in addressing problems or issues, and in recognizing that Palo Alto's strength comes from its diversity of ideas and backgrounds. He loved finding, encouraging and recognizing the unsung heroes doing good work in the community.
When state Sen. Joe Simitian met Fazzino at Paly in 1967, their shared interest in politics and public service created a bond that made them best friends ever since, in spite of Fazzino being a Republican and Simitian a Democrat. (Fazzino quietly switched his registration to Democrat more than a decade ago as the Republican party moved increasingly to the right.)
Simitian described Fazzino as a "wonderfully complicated guy, with wide-ranging interests, from his religious studies at Stanford to his deep interest in public policy-making and politics. He had a wonderful mix of old-school values and 21st-century aspirations. He spent his career in the tech world, dealing with business around the world, but Palo Alto was his home, first and last."
Fazzino became a fixture in local politics while a student at Stanford when he took on the job of hosting the live coverage of City Council meetings for the student radio station, KZSU. He became more knowledgeable on city issues than some council members.
After a struggle with indecision, Fazzino ran for and was elected to the City Council in 1977, at age 24 — tying an earlier councilman as the youngest member. He served until an out-of-town job transfer to Seattle forced him to resign in 1983.
Six years later, back in Palo Alto, he was elected to a second council stint in 1989, which lasted until he was termed out in 2001 — also an extremely busy time in his government-affairs career at Hewlett Packard.
As a council member and more recently, Fazzino advocated shifting the council to a directly elected "strong mayor" system because of Palo Alto's complexity — it never caught on.
Over the years, his interest in Palo Alto history deepened, and he became known as Palo Alto's "unofficial historian," complementing official historian Steve Staiger of the Palo Alto Library. He was especially proud of this recognition.
He collaborated with former Weekly editor Jay Thorwaldson on the political history chapter included in Ward Winslow's Palo Alto Centennial Book, published in 1994 by the Palo Alto Historical Association.
Recently he had been working with Thorwaldson on a new history of City Council elections dating back to 1894. Work is continuing on the lengthy, detailed project, to be published in Fazzino's memory. Despite his public visibility, Fazzino had a private side that he guarded carefully, one where he kept his inner humor and a sensitivity to his public image. He was deeply offended in early 2010 when a local newspaper incorrectly reported on its front page that he was "near death" following his multiple myeloma diagnosis.
Surgery for a painful back condition, possibly cancer-related, and other cancer treatment helped him enter an extended period of relative good health until late summer.
As the many comments posted on Palo Alto Online show, Fazzino had an astounding range of relationships and involvements. It was through that web of relationships that he made such an impact on Palo Alto and the region.
He was one of those rare individuals who could operate in both his public and high-tech-professional roles and also be a trusted friend to scores of persons. He was deeper and more thoughtful about life than many realized. Most of all he had a great love for his community, his family and, good, well-meaning government.
Thank you Gary, for the many gifts you have given to our community.
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Transitioning from EA Canada back to the original home of Madden, EA Tiburon, Madden NFL 11 for the Nintendo Wii is ready to be considered as a serious football affair.
Revamping the franchise to create the deepest iteration on the platform, Madden NFL 11 brings back a lot of classic options that fans should find appealing. Whether it's the campus-esque presentation where players can view how their franchise is doing as a whole or the inclusion of setting the prices of park tickets for better finances, Madden NFL 11 should offer a heap more of value than last year's release.
There's even more incentive to be successful in the franchise mode outside of winning the Super Bowl. This time around, EA Tiburon has packed in the ability to climb up the rankings of the Legacy leaderboards to claim the mantle as the best franchise of all time. At the top includes normal mainstays such as '80's 49ers and the '70's Steelers. At the bottom, the entire lifespan of the Detroit Lions (sorry Detroit fans, they just aren't anything special since Barry Sanders left). To pass the Detroit Lions on the leaderboard, players only have to win one single game – yup, the Lions are that pitiful. Oh, as a sidenote, if you are unhappy with the beginning leaderboard positions, it's best to voice your complaints to EA as they were done internally. There may or may have not been a few debates on whether or not the undefeated Miami Dolphins (no, not the 1-win Dolphins from a few years back) should hold the claim as the best team ever.
The more players win, the more fans they'll earn. The more fans they earn, the more money their stadium will make. The more money you make (combined with fans and victories) the less likely the players will be fired from their position. Yes, that's right, players are eligible to be fired for poor performance; don't fret though, if players are fired, they'll be sent to a sandbox mode of sorts to continue playing.
Sadly, there still isn't the addition of super-sim, the best friend of any hardcore franchise mode fan who wants to dabble with playing a few games, but spend most of their time with general managing the team.
Tailored to the Nintendo Wii audience specifically, the visuals have been revamped with a more casual presentation to appeal the younger demographics. In addition, they have also added in: weather, social modes (aka games where you can play with friends), and the ability to be benched mid-game by the coach. The social modes include Tournament (battle with three other friends over the course of 4-5 games) and Road to the Super Bowl (work cooperatively with friends through a season to play in the Super Bowl).
The last tidbit that needs to be spoke about is that the soundtrack was overly repetitive, but we were promised that it was only an issue with what tracks were selected by default rather than the brevity of the work. A few tweaks and songs shouldn't be played on repeat before its forthcoming release on August 10.


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Papelbon would welcome trade to contender
After recording third save in three games, closer comments on possible move
By Todd Zolecki / MLB.com
MILWAUKEE -- Jonathan Papelbon needed just nine pitches to pick up his third save in three days Wednesday at Miller Park.
He is pitching like one of the best closers in baseball, but his efforts have been mostly wasted on a last-place team on pace to lose 91 games. It is why Papelbon made no bones following the Phillies' 4-1 victory over the Brewers that he would welcome a trade to a contending team before the July 31 non-waiver Trade Deadline.
"Some guys want to stay on a losing team?" he asked, sitting in a chair in front of his locker. "That's mind-boggling to me."
So if a contender called he would be willing to go?
"Yeah," he said, chuckling, almost in disbelief at the suggestion somebody would not go. "I think that's a no-brainer."
But Papelbon said he doesn't have a gut feeling whether or not he will be traded before the deadline, although the Phillies have been motivated to move him. They tried to trade him before last year's Trade Deadline and again this offseason.
"I don't have that crystal eight-ball," he said.
Papelbon is 2-1 with a 1.24 ERA and 22 saves in 24 opportunities in 37 appearances this season. His 0.88 WHIP entering Wednesday ranked 20th out of 202 qualifying relief pitchers in baseball. He is owed about $19.5 million on his four-year, $50 million contract: $6.5 million this season and $13 million next season. He also has a $13 million option in 2016 that automatically vests if he finishes 55 games in 2015 or 100 games in 2014-15 and is not on the disabled list at the end of 2015 with an elbow or shoulder injury. His contract could be a stumbling block for teams -- although the Phillies have said in recent weeks they would be willing to take on money in the right deal -- but his limited no-trade clause will not be a problem if the Phillies can find a trade partner.
Papelbon shook his head no when asked if his no-trade clause could be a hurdle for the Phillies. He shook his head no again when asked if he had expressed that to anybody in the Phillies' front office.
The Tigers are a winning team in need of bullpen help. Papelbon nodded when asked if he would go to Detroit.
"Yes and no," he said, when asked if he hopes a contending team acquires him. "You know, I came here for a reason ... and I say that because I'm with a group of guys in the bullpen that can do very special things in the future. I've been waiting for that, you know what I mean? It's fun to be a part of that, it really is. We are there finally with our bullpen. So that aspect of it would kind of suck to leave. But at the same time, winning is the cure-all of cure-alls."
Todd Zolecki is a reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Shaw's confirmed Monday that it is closing six stores in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, including supermarkets in Taunton and Fall River.
Shaw's confirmed Monday that it is closing six stores in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, including supermarkets in Taunton and Fall River.
"While the decision to close a store is always difficult — given the impact on associates and customers — it was made only after careful evaluation and was guided by what is best for the company's ongoing success and future growth," Shaw's spokesman Steve Sylven said in an email Monday night.
The six stores slated to close by Aug. 3 are located on Winthrop Street, Taunton; William S. Canning Boulevard, Fall River; Berdon Way, Fairhaven; Washington Street, Stoughton; and two Rhode Island locations. The Rhode Island stores are located in Westerly and Woonsocket.
Former Shaw's parent company Supervalu Inc. sold the supermarket chain in January to an investor group headed by Cerberus Capital Management. Cerberus, a private investment firm, also owns Steward Health Care, the company that runs Morton Hospital in Taunton, Saint Anne's Hospital in Fall River and several other community hospitals in Massachusetts.
Reports surfaced last year that Supervalu faced $6 billion in debt. Months later, Supervalu announced that it had reached a deal to sell Shaw's, Star Market, Albertson's, Acme and Jewel-Osco to the Ceberus-led group for $100 million. As part of that deal, the company assumed more than $3 billion of Supervalu's debt.
In November 2012, Shaw's began laying off 700 employees across its 169 New England stores.
Sylven said in the email that the six stores slated to close were not meeting company goals.
"The stores identified have not been profitable for quite some time, and despite the best efforts of the company and our associates, we have not been able to reposition them to better compete in the marketplace and don't anticipate being able to change this trend," he said.
News of the closing was met by shock and sorrow Monday night by shoppers doing business with the Shaw's at 465 William S. Canning Blvd., one of the stores to be closed.
"Oh, no, that's crazy," Jenny Mantilla of Westport said. "This is my favorite store.
"I like everything here. Everything is fresh, the prices are good, the people are nice. This is sad."
German Patino agreed. Patino was leaving the store with Marcia Sigua, both carrying several filled bags.
"That is too bad," Patino said in Spanish. "This is a good store."
"I buy from all the stores, but this is a good place," Sigua added. "It is too bad for the people in the store."
One of those store employees is Erica Teves of Fall River, who began working at that Shaw's location 10 years ago. She just moved over to the seafood department in the store.
"We were told about this and the union is working with the store," she said. "We've heard rumors about this for a while. We heard rumors there is a Market Basket going in across the street and that we were going to see more competition from Walmart.
"I'm going to try my hardest to get a transfer and stay with Shaw's. But it is tough. I've been here since I was 16."
The competition is fierce in the South End of Fall River. Stop & Shop has a market 100 yards away. Walmart announced Monday it would open its superstore, including groceries, on July 17 in a new plaza on Brayton Avenue, 2.3 miles away. There are several local markets within a few miles.
Jill Chrupcala of Fall River said she heard from relatives who work for Shaw's about the possible closing.
"With the new owners, they felt this store wasn't producing enough profit," she said. "But it is sad to see them close.
"They tried hard here. It is sad to see them go."


text:
Alexandria Film Fest Head to Punish Egypt's Stars
After the conclusion of the 17th Alexandria Film Festival, the head of the festival, writer and critic, Mohammed Saleh said that the Egyptian Panorama Contest would be cancelled as of next year.
Saleh told the London based daily Al Sharq Al Awsat that the festival officials had decided to cancel the panorama section, which screens the Egyptian films, as is the case with Cairo film festival. He suggested that the festival would screen one or two Egyptian films participating as part of the official Mediterranean contest, the main festival contest.
The number of the Egyptian Panorama films has reached 5 mostly produced by the Egyptian TV.
The Egyptian stars have ignored the festival this year and non of them attended it attributing that to their commitments to shooting artworks, the fact that has caused the festival to loose its brightness.
Meanwhile the festival head blasted the Egyptian cinema stars who boycotted the festival this year and said, "It seems that they (stars) are satisfied with their levels and do not want to develop their performance and cinema culture by seeing international productions. I am shocked by the circumstances which some of these stars have reached particularly the star who began singing and the other one who is currently starring a demagogue play" -- Albawaba.com


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 6, 2008
|Filing date
|Aug 5, 2005
|Priority date
|Sep 27, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Philip D. Floyd
|Original Assignee
|Idc, Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (106), Non-Patent Citations (82), Referenced by (30), Classifications (6), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims the priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. �119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/613,451, filed Sep. 27, 2004. This application is also related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/251,196, filed Sep. 20, 2002; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/090,911, filed Mar. 25, 2005.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and, more particularly, to devices and methods for selectively creating constructive and/or destructive interference of light waves.
2. Description of the Related Technology
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) include micro mechanical elements, actuators, and electronics. Micromechanical elements may be created using deposition, etching, and or other micromachining processes that etch away parts of substrates and/or deposited material layers or that add layers to form electrical and electromechanical devices. One type of MEMS device is called an interferometric modulator. As used herein, the term interferometric modulator or interferometric light modulator refers to a device that selectively absorbs and/or reflects light using the principles of optical interference. In certain embodiments, an interferometric modulator may comprise a pair of conductive plates, one or both of which may be transparent and/or reflective in whole or part and capable of relative motion upon application of an appropriate electrical signal. In a particular embodiment, one plate may comprise a stationary layer deposited on a substrate and the other plate may comprise a metallic membrane separated from the stationary layer by an air gap. As described herein in more detail, the position of one plate in relation to another can change the optical interference of light incident on the interferometric modulator. Such devices have a wide range of applications, and it would be beneficial in the art to utilize and/or modify the characteristics of these types of devices so that their features can be exploited in improving existing products and creating new products that have not yet been developed.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a microelectromechanical system is provided. The microelectromechanical system comprises a conductor layer, a mechanical layer and a charged layer. The mechanical layer is separated by a cavity from the conductor layer and is configured to move relative to the conductor layer. The charged layer comprises an incorporated charged species and is disposed between the conductor layer and the mechanical layer.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for modulating electromagnetic radiation. The method comprises providing a plurality of micromechanical devices. Each device comprises a conductor layer, a reflective layer and a charged layer between the conductor layer and the reflective layer. The charged layer has an incorporated charged species. The reflective layer is parallel to and spaced a distance from the conductor layer while in a relaxed state. The distance for some of the micromechanical devices is different from other of the micromechanical devices. The reflective layer is configured to move relative to the conductor layer upon being switched to an actuated state. A voltage is applied to the conductor layers and the reflective layers of the micromechanical devices to actuate the micromechanical devices.
In accordance with yet another aspect of the invention, a method is provided for fabricating a micromechanical device. The method comprises forming a first conductive layer, forming a dielectric layer over the first conductive layer, adding charge to the dielectric layer and forming a second conductive layer over the dielectric layer. In another aspect, the invention provides a micromechanical device formed by this method.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, an interferometric modulator is provided. The modulator comprises a conductor layer, a movable layer and a means for modifying a voltage actuation threshold of the movable layer with charged species.
As discussed in greater detail below, interferometric modulators can be switched between a bright and a dark state by moving a reflective part (the "reflective layer") relative to a partly-transmissive and partly-reflective part (the "optical stack"), which is spaced from the reflective layer. The movement is actuated by creating electrostatic attraction between the two parts, which causes at least one of the parts to move relative to the other part. In an actuated position, one of the parts has a net positive charge, while the other part has a net negative charge, thereby causing the parts to be drawn close together. In a relaxed position, the net charge between the parts is not sufficient to overcome the mechanical resistance of the parts to movement, and the parts are spaced relatively far apart. The voltage needed to generate sufficient electrostatic attraction to draw the parts into the actuated position may be referred to as the actuation voltage.
According to some preferred embodiments, the actuation voltage can be altered by incorporating positively and/or negatively charged species, such as ions, into the reflective layer and/or the optical stack. The reflective layer and/or the optical stack are preferably provided with a dielectric layer, situated between the reflective layer and the optical stack, into which the charged species can be embedded. The charged species create a constant, baseline level of charge, which augment and/or cancel part of the electrostatic attraction that is generated when applying a voltage to the optical stack and the reflective layer. As a result, a higher or lower actuation voltage may be needed to generate the net level of electrostatic attraction necessary to, e.g., cause the reflective layer to move to an actuated position. For example, if the reflective layer and the optical stack are wired so as to have a positive and a negative charge, respectively, then the actuation voltage can be increased by implanting positively charged ions, which can repel the positively charged reflective layer. Conversely, the actuation voltage can be decreased by implanting negatively charged ions, which help to attract the positively charged reflective layer. Thus, the incorporation of the charged species can be used to alter the actuation voltage as desired.
It will also be appreciated that, as discussed further below, the interferometric modulators exhibit a hysteresis behavior in which they remain in a particular state over a range of applied voltages. This range of applied voltages is referred to as the "hysteresis window." For example, the interferometric modulator remains stable in the relaxed position until the applied voltage is increased to the actuation voltage, when it switches to the actuated position. The interferometric modulator then remains stable in the actuated state until the applied voltage drops below a certain voltage. Pre-charging, e.g., by ion implantation preferably leaves the hysteresis window substantially unchanged and shifts the window with the actuation voltage. Advantageously, this shifting allows the windows to be centered as desired, allowing for the simplification of driver and control systems, as discussed below.
The following detailed description is directed to certain specific embodiments of the invention. However, the invention can be embodied in a multitude of different ways. In this description, reference is made to the drawings wherein like parts are designated with like numerals throughout. As will be apparent from the following description, the embodiments may be implemented in any device that is configured to display an image, whether in motion (e.g., video) or stationary (e.g., still image), and whether textual or pictorial. More particularly, it is contemplated that the embodiments may be implemented in or associated with a variety of electronic devices such as, but not limited to, mobile telephones, wireless devices, personal data assistants (PDAs), hand-held or portable computers, GPS receivers/navigators, cameras, MP3 players, camcorders, game consoles, wrist watches, clocks, calculators, television monitors, flat panel displays, computer monitors, auto displays (e.g., odometer display, etc.), cockpit controls and/or displays, display of camera views (e.g., display of a rear view camera in a vehicle), electronic photographs, electronic billboards or signs, projectors, architectural structures, packaging, and aesthetic structures (e.g., display of images on a piece of jewelry). MEMS devices of similar structure to those described herein can also be used in non-display applications such as in electronic switching devices.
One interferometric modulator display embodiment comprising an interferometric MEMS display element is illustrated in
The depicted portion of the pixel array in
The optical stacks 16 a and 16 b (collectively referred to as optical stack 16), as referenced herein, typically comprise of several fused layers, which can include an electrode layer, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), a partially reflective layer, such as chromium, and a transparent dielectric. The optical stack 16 is thus electrically conductive, partially transparent and partially reflective, and may be fabricated, for example, by depositing one or more of the above layers onto a transparent substrate 20. In some embodiments, the layers are patterned into parallel strips, and may form row electrodes in a display device as described further below. The movable reflective layers 14 a, 14 b may be formed as a series of parallel strips of a deposited metal layer or layers (orthogonal to the row electrodes of 16 a, 16 b) deposited on top of posts 18 and an intervening sacrificial material deposited between the posts 18. When the sacrificial material is etched away, the movable reflective layers 14 a, 14 b are separated from the optical stacks 16 a, 16 b by a defined gap 19. A highly conductive and reflective material, such as aluminum, may be used for the reflective layers 14, and these strips may form column electrodes in a display device.
With no applied voltage, the cavity 19 remains between the movable reflective layer 14 a and optical stack 16 a, with the movable reflective layer 14 a in a mechanically relaxed state, as illustrated by the pixel 12 a in
In one embodiment, the processor 21 is also configured to communicate with an array driver 22. In one embodiment, the array driver 22 includes a row driver circuit 24 and a column driver circuit 26 that provide signals to a panel or display array (display) 30. The cross section of the array illustrated in
In typical applications, a display frame may be created by asserting the set of column electrodes in accordance with the desired set of actuated pixels in the first row. A row pulse is then applied to the row 1 electrode, actuating the pixels corresponding to the asserted column lines. The asserted set of column electrodes is then changed to correspond to the desired set of actuated pixels in the second row. A pulse is then applied to the row 2 electrode, actuating the appropriate pixels in row 2 in accordance with the asserted column electrodes. The row 1 pixels are unaffected by the row 2 pulse, and remain in the state they were set to during the row 1 pulse. This may be repeated for the entire series of rows in a sequential fashion to produce the frame. Generally, the frames are refreshed and/or updated with new display data by continually repeating this process at some desired number of frames per second. A wide variety of protocols for driving row and column electrodes of pixel arrays to produce display frames are also well known and may be used in conjunction with the present invention.
In the
The display device 40 includes a housing 41, a display 30, an antenna 43, a speaker 45, a microphone 46, and an input device 48. The housing 41 is generally formed from any of a variety of manufacturing processes as are well known to those of skill in the art, including injection molding, and vacuum forming. In addition, the housing 41 may be made from any of a variety of materials, including but not limited to plastic, metal, glass, rubber, and ceramic, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment the housing 41 includes removable portions (not shown) that may be interchanged with other removable portions of different color, or containing different logos, pictures, or symbols.
The display 30 of exemplary display device 40 may be any of a variety of displays, including a bi-stable display, as described herein. In other embodiments, the display 30 includes a flat-panel display, such as plasma, EL, OLED, STN LCD, or TFT LCD as described above, or a non-flat-panel display, such as a CRT or other tube device, as is well known to those of skill in the art. However, for purposes of describing the present embodiment, the display 30 includes an interferometric modulator display, as described herein.
The components of one embodiment of exemplary display device 40 are schematically illustrated in
The network interface 27 includes the antenna 43 and the transceiver 47 so that the exemplary display device 40 can communicate with one ore more devices over a network. In one embodiment the network interface 27 may also have some processing capabilities to relieve requirements of the processor 21. The antenna 43 is any antenna known to those of skill in the art for transmitting and receiving signals. In one embodiment, the antenna transmits and receives RF signals according to the IEEE 802.11 standard, including IEEE 802.11(a), (b), or (g). In another embodiment, the antenna transmits and receives RF signals according to the BLUETOOTH standard. In the case of a cellular telephone, the antenna is designed to receive CDMA, GSM, AMPS or other known signals that are used to communicate within a wireless cell phone network. The transceiver 47 pre-processes the signals received from the antenna 43 so that they may be received by and further manipulated by the processor 21. The transceiver 47 also processes signals received from the processor 21 so that they may be transmitted from the exemplary display device 40 via the antenna 43.
In an alternative embodiment, the transceiver 47 can be replaced by a receiver. In yet another alternative embodiment, network interface 27 can be replaced by an image source, which can store or generate image data to be sent to the processor 21. For example, the image source can be a digital video disc (DVD) or a hard-disc drive that contains image data, or a software module that generates image data.
The processor 21 generally controls the overall operation of the exemplary display device 40. The processor 21 receives data, such as compressed image data from the network interface 27 or an image source, and processes the data into raw image data or into a format that is readily processed into raw image data. The processor 21 then sends the processed data to the driver controller 29 or to frame buffer 28 for storage. Raw data typically refers to the information that identifies the image characteristics at each location within an image. For example, such image characteristics can include color, saturation, and gray-scale level.
In one embodiment, the processor 21 includes a microcontroller, CPU, or logic unit to control operation of the exemplary display device 40. Conditioning hardware 52 generally includes amplifiers and filters for transmitting signals to the speaker 45, and for receiving signals from the microphone 46. Conditioning hardware 52 may be discrete components within the exemplary display device 40, or may be incorporated within the processor 21 or other components.
The driver controller 29 takes the raw image data generated by the processor 21 either directly from the processor 21 or from the frame buffer 28 and reformats the raw image data appropriately for high speed transmission to the array driver 22. Specifically, the driver controller 29 reformats the raw image data into a data flow having a raster-like format, such that it has a time order suitable for scanning across the display array 30. Then the driver controller 29 sends the formatted information to the array driver 22. Although a driver controller 29, such as a LCD controller, is often associated with the system processor 21 as a stand-alone Integrated Circuit (IC), such controllers may be implemented in many ways. They may be embedded in the processor 21 as hardware, embedded in the processor 21 as software, or fully integrated in hardware with the array driver 22.
Typically, the array driver 22 receives the formatted information from the driver controller 29 and reformats the video data into a parallel set of waveforms that are applied many times per second to the hundreds and sometimes thousands of leads coming from the display's x-y matrix of pixels.
In one embodiment, the driver controller 29, array driver 22, and display array 30 are appropriate for any of the types of displays described herein. For example, in one embodiment, the driver controller 29 is a conventional display controller or a bi-stable display controller (e.g., an interferometric modulator controller). In another embodiment, the array driver 22 is a conventional driver or a bi-stable display driver (e.g., an interferometric modulator display). In one embodiment, the driver controller 29 is integrated with the array driver 22. Such an embodiment is common in highly integrated systems such as cellular phones, watches, and other small area displays. In yet another embodiment, the display array 30 is a typical display array or a bi-stable display array (e.g., a display including an array of interferometric modulators).
The input device 48 allows a user to control the operation of the exemplary display device 40. In one embodiment, input device 48 includes a keypad, such as a QWERTY keyboard or a telephone keypad, a button, a switch, a touch-sensitive screen, a pressure- or heat-sensitive membrane. In one embodiment, the microphone 46 is an input device for the exemplary display device 40. When the microphone 46 is used to input data to the device, voice commands may be provided by a user for controlling operations of the exemplary display device 40.
The power supply 50 can include a variety of energy storage devices as are well known in the art. For example, in one embodiment, the power supply 50 is a rechargeable battery, such as a nickel-cadmium battery or a lithium ion battery. In another embodiment, power supply 50 is a renewable energy source, a capacitor, or a solar cell, including a plastic solar cell, and solar-cell paint. In another embodiment, the power supply 50 is configured to receive power from a wall outlet.
In some implementations control programmability resides, as described above, in a driver controller which can be located in several places in the electronic display system. In some cases control programmability resides in the array driver 22. Those of skill in the art will recognize that the above-described optimization may be implemented in any number of hardware and/or software components and in various configurations.
The details of the structure of interferometric modulators that operate in accordance with the principles set forth above may vary widely. For example,
In embodiments such as those shown in
With reference to
Support posts 18 are provided to support the movable, reflective layer, or mechanical/mirror element, 14 a predetermined distance (in the relaxed mode) above the dielectric layer 102. The support posts 18 are preferably formed of a stable material with sufficient structural integrity to support the movable reflective layer 14. For example, the support posts 18 can be fabricated from an organic material, such as photoresist, or from spin-on glass. The movable layer 14 is preferably formed of a flexible, conductive and highly reflective material, for example, a metal such as aluminum, nickel, chromium or combinations or alloys thereof.
With continued reference to
It will be appreciated that the ions can be disposed in various other positions in the interferometric modulator 12. To prevent the dissipation of charge from the ions, the ions are preferably embedded within a non-conducting material, such as a dielectric, or are surrounded by or embedded within in a material surrounded by an insulator.
With reference to
Along with changes in the actuation voltage, the introduction of charged ions between the movable layer 14 and the fixed layer 16 can shift the optical response curves of the modulators 12. For example, the optical response curves of
It will be appreciated that interferometric modulators can be formed with a hysteresis curve centered away from the zero voltage line. For example, the inteferometric modulators can be formed having a particular level of charge between the layers 14 and 16, even without ion implantation. For example, structural defects or structural modifications in the dielectric layer 102 can result in such a charge. As a result of this charge, the hysteresis window for these interferometric modulators may not be centered relative to the zero voltage line. Moreover, different interferometric modulators may exhibit a different level of charge. The charges and the different levels of charges may adversely affect the behavior of the interferometric modulators by reducing predictability and control over the actuation and release of the movable layers of the interferometric modulators. Advantageously, depending upon the charge already present, ion implantation can allow the hysteresis behavior of the interferometric modulators to be re-centered about the zero voltage line by, e.g., neutralizing the already present charge. As a result, predictability and control over the actuation and release of the movable layers of the interferometric modulators can be increased.
While discussed above with reference to incorporated charged species in the dielectric layer 102, it will be appreciated that similar affects can be achieved by incorporation of charged species in the layer 106 (when present, as illustrated in
Moreover, both the layers 102 and 106 can be provided in an interferometric modulator and each can be incorporated with charged species. For example, with the movable layer 14 and the fixed layer 16 again configured to be positively and negatively charged, respectively, an effect similar to that illustrated in
It will be appreciated that the effect of the incorporation of the charged species can be reversed by reversing the polarities of the layers 102 and 106. For example, if a certain arrangement of charged species shifts the hysteresis curves to the left when the movable layer 14 and the fixed layer 16 are connected to a voltage source to generate positive and negative charges, respectively, in those layers, the same arrangement of charged species will shift the hysteresis curves to the right if the voltage source is connected to the layers 102 and 106 in reverse, i.e., so that the polarities in those layers is reversed.
With reference to
Such a situation is illustrated in
For example, in the arrangement shown in
With reference to
While various process steps are illustrated as separate blocks in
With continued reference to
With reference to
It will be appreciated that the ion implantation can disrupt the structure of the dielectric. As a result, the ion implantation can be followed by an anneal to reorient the dielectric structure, to improve the optical characteristics of the implanted dielectric and to more evenly distribute the ions within the dielectric.
It will be appreciated that, in some embodiments, no photoresist is needed and the step 407 can be omitted if all interferometric modulators 12 are to be uniformly implanted with the same ion or ions. In other embodiments, the patterned photoresist allows interferometric modulators 12 to be selectively implanted with ions, thereby allowing different ions to be implanted or different levels of implantation to be achieved. It will be appreciated that multiple photoresist depositions and/or patterning steps can be used to selectively implant a plurality of different ions or to selectively implant different quantities of ions. For example, the photoresist can be deposited and patterned to implant ions in some particular interferometric modulators 12, additional photoresist can be deposited and patterned to implant ions in other interferometric modulators 12, and so on. After the ion implantation, the photoresist is preferably removed.
Moreover, the charge incorporation can occur at a later step than that illustrated. For example, the ion implantation can be performed after deposition 410 of a non-metal sacrificial layer (e.g., silicon), discussed below, and preferably before the formation of additional metal layers.
In step 410, a sacrificial layer (which will later be removed to form the optical cavity of the interferometric modulator 12) is deposited. The sacrificial layer is formed of a solid material that can later be removed, e.g., by etching, without disrupting the other materials of the interferometric modulator 12. An example of a preferred material for the sacrificial layer is molybdenum. Other suitable sacrificial materials include silicon and tungsten, which advantageously can also be selectively or preferentially removed using XeF2 without etching aluminum or silicon oxide. The sacrificial layer is patterned and etched 412 to provide voids into which materials to form the support posts 18 will be deposited. In step 414, the post material is deposited, thereby forming the support posts 18. The post material can be, e.g., photoresist or some other organic compound or spin on glass. In step 416, a mechanical/mirror film is deposited. As noted above, the film can be made of, e.g., aluminum or other flexible metals. In step 418, the mechanical film is patterned and etched to form the mechanical/mirror layer 14. The sacrificial layer is then removed 420.
Interferometric modulators according to the preferred embodiments offer numerous advantages. For example, charge incorporation allows the actuation voltage and/or hysteresis curve for a particular interferometric modulator to be shifted as desired. As a result, it is possible to reduce the voltages required to drive the interferometric modulators, thereby lowering the power requirements and power consumption of displayers utilizing the interferometric modulators. In addition, hysteresis curves can be shifted by charge incorporation to center the curves about the zero voltage line. This can be achieved, for example, by neutralizing charges that may form in the dielectric layer of between the conductive layers of the interferometric modulators. Centering the hysteresis curves can make control over the states of the interferometric modulators more predictable, e.g., by setting the actuation voltages at expected values. Moreover, in cases in which multiple interferometric modulators, each naturally having a different actuation voltage and shifted hysteresis curves, are present, some or all of the interferometric modulators can be doped so that the hysteresis curves substantially overlap. As a result, the actuation voltages and the release voltages of each of the interferometric modulators overlap, thereby reducing the number of different voltages that is generated to control the interferometric modulators. Thus, the driver and control systems can be simplified.
While the charged species are discussed above as "implanted ions," it will be appreciated that the charged species can be any charged species incorporated in a material disposed between the movable conductive layer and the fixed conductive layer. In other embodiments, the charged species can simply be deposited on a dielectric substrate and preferably has a charge as deposited. The dielectric layer, while preferably disposed on a conductive layer for simplicity of fabrication and structure, can be spaced from the conductive layers. Moreover, while discussed as having one movable and one fixed conductive layer for ease of description and illustration, in some embodiments, the positions of the movable and fixed layers can be reversed from that illustrated, or both layers can be made to move.
Accordingly, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various other omissions, additions and modifications may be made to the methods and structures described above without departing from the scope of the invention. All such modifications and changes are intended to fall within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
|359/290, 359/223.1, 359/291
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 5, 2005
Owner name: IDC, LLC, CALIFORNIA
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text:
Awesome dungeons, check. Brilliant tower-defense gameplay, check. One stellar XBLA/PSN/PC title, check. These attributes can only describe one title, and that is none other than Dungeon Defenders. According to Reverb publishing, the game did even better than they imagined, hitting the one million copies sold mark.
In an interview with Joystiq, Reverb Publishing CEO Doug Kennedy commented on the milestone saying, "It is tremendously successful franchise. We have lots of plans to support it both with DLC and additional add-ons for the franchise."
The game's developer has already confirmed three more DLC packs across all platforms for the title, so there will not be a shortage in dungeon action. If you have yet to try out this impressive arcade game, please, jump online and download it now.


text:
KEXP Reviews
|Browse by one of the following:
- (Buffalo Shoe)
Originally from Maple Valley in south King County, this Seattle band shares some musical and lyrical similarities with another Northwest band from the outlying town of Issaquah, but while Modest Mouse through the years have toned down the small-town alienation that seethed through their earlier records, you'll find it in abundance on Feral Children's excellent debut album. Dark, unsettling indie-rock that occasionally explodes in a murderous rage, Second to the Last Frontier is one of the more memorable Northwest albums of 2007. 9/10/2007 - Don Yates
Other Feral Children album reviews:
Too Much, Too Late - 7/12/2013


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Programs and Degrees
Learn about the many degrees and programs that EvCC offers
Everett Community College offers the first two years of college and university education in the US. Students may earn a short-term certificate or a two-year associate degree. The associate degree often leads to a 4-year bachelor's degree. Many students in the US - and many international students - start their education at a community college because classes are small, teachers are interested in your progress, and the cost of tuition is much less than a university. Because EvCC helps so many students pursue their educational dreams, it has a wide variety of offerings.
International English Language Program (IELP)
When you arrive on campus, you will meet with an advisor who will assess your English level. If you submitted a TOEFL score, the advisor will consider those results. You will also take an on-campus test and perhaps meet with an English instructor. Our goal is to determine if you are ready for college courses or if you need some further English language study.
Our Intensive English Language Program (IELP) is small, personalized, and aimed at your needs. Students in our IELP program also participate in trips around our area to learn more about US culture and places. Some students enroll full-time in the IELP program, and some students enroll in IELP and other college courses, depending on their interests and English level.
University-Transfer Programs
Many international students select EvCC because of its strong preparation for transfer to university programs. Typically, students spend 2-3 years at EvCC taking courses that satisfy the general requirements of the university and the pre-requisites for their university major. EvCC has transfer agreements with over 30 other colleges in Washington, Oregon and other states to help make transfer smooth. EvCC graduates have also transferred to other schools around the US, such as Cornell University located in New York State, University of Utah, and Arizona State University. Students who intend to transfer work closely with an advisor in order to take the right transfer courses.
Technical Degrees
Like most community colleges, EvCC offers a variety of very specific career preparation programs, ranging from aviation maintenance, to graphics, to computer information systems, to welding. For more information about our technical programs, check out our Business and Applied Technology division or some of our Vocational/Technical Programs.
Nippon Business Institute
The Nippon Business Institute (NBI) is a cultural resource center for US and international students alike, as well as members of the community. Students are welcome to visit and use the library and computer center, which feature Japanese language resources. The Nishiyama Garden offers a quiet place for reflection.
Study Abroad and World Languages
EvCC is interested in building students' knowledge and experience of the world. We sponsor a number of study abroad programs where students travel and learn in Italy, England, Costa Rica, Spain, Germany, Mexico, and Japan. We also provide classes in French, Spanish, German, Russian, Japanese, and Italian.
For a full list of our programs, go to: