text:
MUMBAI, June 14 (UPI) -- Women in India, assailing the lack of public toilets available to them, have begun a Right to Pee Campaign, a report said Thursday.
The humorous slogan, coined by the Mumbai, India, media, masks the dependence of the population on public restrooms, and the imbalance of men's rooms to those available to women, The New York Times said Thursday.
A government study indicated the public sanitation system of the city, whose population is 20 million, offers 5,993 toilets and 2,466 urinals to men, and only 3,536 toilets to women, and a 2009 study in New Delhi, the capital, said the ratio of men-to-women public conveniences was 1,534 to 132.
Activists like Minu Gandhi said the restroom disparity amounts to discrimination, and have suggested women begin demanding their right to equal access.
"We all feel this is a basic civic right, a human right," she said.
The newspaper added that Mumbai's toilets are generally located in dark and unclean buildings, and operate as male-controlled outposts, with a male attendant often collecting fees for toilet use, but not for urinals.
After several months of campaigning by social activists, city officials and local legislators have vowed to step up construction of women-only restrooms, the newspaper said.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Not everyone can design a game like Tetris, where players are content to do the same task over and over again. Many puzzle games start to feel like time-sinks more than rewarding experiences. For that reason, the original Puzzle Quest was brilliant. It took Bejeweled, a game that's more like a slot machine than a puzzle game, and introduced RPG stats, abilities, and a rudimentary storyline. The result was a genre hybrid that paved the way for more engaging and rewarding games of its type.
Enter Might & Magic: Clash of Heroes, the game takes the foundation of developer Capabara's puzzle game Critter Crunch and refines it into quite possibly the most intelligent and strategic puzzle/RPG-hybrid seen yet.
The game is set in the Might & Magic universe and tells the story of a group of children who band together to unite the various races against a common demonic foe. It's not the most intriguing plot, but it does keep you moving from battle to battle, ultimately the real reason to play Clash of Heroes.
The game appropriately pulls from turn-based, strategy RPGs for its gameplay inspiration. Your units and your opponent's face each other on a frontline that divides the screen horizontally. From there you take turns positioning your units on the field and color-matching them into groups of three (horizontally for defense and vertically for attacks).
As you play through the story of Anwen (an elven girl who commands an army of hunters, pixies, and bears), you're eased into the game's strategy. At first it's all a bit baffling, but by the time you complete Anwen's story and move on to the other characters, you'll have soaked up several layers of gameplay depth.
The battle system in Clash of Heroes is surprisingly complex, with a much heavier focus on the strategy side than the puzzle-y bits. You can't do well without clever color-matching, but you'll spend more time thinking about how to set up a killing blow or a life-saving block. Unlike most puzzle games, which provide instant gratification, Clash of Heroes is more about the long-term. The A-Team catchphrase, "I love it when a plan comes together," sums up this game perfectly.
Between battles, you'll be exploring a simple world map–"simple" being the key word, as it's not unlike navigating a Super Mario World or Donkey Kong Country hub. The game does get a lot of mileage out of the simplicity, though. You'll find yourself hunting around for bounties, solving puzzles, and even sneaking past guards in brief stealth sections.
The problem, and one of the game's biggest flaws, is that sections of the map are separated by oppressive loading screens. It's not so bad at first, but by the time you have to backtrack through three or four loads to purchase some special units, you may find yourself a bit fed up.
What should be a refreshing diversion between battles can sometimes be a chore, but ignoring that trouble spot, the game does a lot to spice things up. Even during battles, Clash of Heroes introduces special conditions that can throw a wrench into your strategy.
One of these special battles, for example, tasks you with hitting two buttons on the battlefield to open a door. Some battles have you defending an object from attack or planning ahead to hit a moving target. Most of these objectives are easy and fun, giving you yet another curve ball to keep things interesting. There are a few mission runts, though, like one that introduces a moving hostage on the enemy's battlefield. His movements are unpredictable, and a single mistake means game over, making this particular fight an exercise in trial and error.
While the more gimmicky fights can be hit or miss, one fantastic addition is the puzzle mode. Certain characters will challenge you to a friendly puzzle, which requires you to arrange your units in a single turn and defeat the enemy. This mode isn't about the strategy, but about cleverly creating combos and cascades to extend the length of your turn. Skills developed in these puzzles feed back into the main gameplay.
By the time you've run through Anwen's campaign, you'll have experienced all of this and more. The first part alone will probably take you anywhere between four to eight hours. From there, four more campaigns continue the story with different units and abilities. Starting life as a retail release on the Nintendo DS, Clash of Heroes offers one of the more lengthy single-player modes on XBLA and PSN.
One-on-one battles, whether played locally or online, put into practice everything you've learned in the single-player campaign. Real-life opponents don't hold back, and they aren't afraid to defend themselves, either. The result is some lengthy and intense battles that will be too stressful for some and the only way to play for others.
A co-op mode rounds out the multiplayer features, pitting two teams of four against each other. It's a great way to quickly introduce a friend to the game, but the cooperation boils down to the better player giving all the orders. It's a fun concept, but it doesn't seem as well-conceived as the rest of the game.
If there were one damning thing I could say about Clash of Heroes, it's that the incessant loading and more portable-oriented gameplay make it a better proposition on DS than on consoles. It's definitely an option to consider if you aren't strictly a couch gamer.
For those who prefer strategy and planning over the random elements of a game like Puzzle Quest, Clash of Heroes may be the deviously clever, deliberately paced game you've been looking for. It can be a bit rough around the edges, but it's also the smartest and most rewarding puzzle-RPG you're likely to play.


text:
Padres likely to continue offseason shopping
Club eyeing lefty bullpen help, depth despite additions of Benoit, Johnson
By Corey Brock / MLB.com
SAN DIEGO -- It's already been a busy offseason for Padres general manager Josh Byrnes, as the club on Wednesday reached a two-year deal with free-agent reliever Joaquin Benoit.
The deal, which is worth $15.5 million, has not yet been confirmed by the Padres and is pending a physical.
Even after adding Benoit and free-agent pitcher Josh Johnson, and making a trade for outfielder Seth Smith, the Padres might not be finished.
Byrnes said late Tuesday that more moves could come.
The Padres aren't adverse to adding a left-handed reliever, even though they picked up one during last week's Rule 5 Draft in Patrick Schuster, who hasn't pitched higher than Class A.
"We're still in touch with several scenarios with left-handed relievers ... probably more through trade than free agent at this point," Byrnes said.
Byrnes also talked about "shuffling out depth," which could mean parting with players projected to be on the 25-man roster or on the bubble of making the Opening Day roster.
That could mean that players like outfielder/first baseman Kyle Blanks and Jesus Guzman could be trade chips either on a singular basis or part of a larger deal.
"We're talking about guys that are in an area of surplus, trading them for depth that can better serve us," Byrnes said.
The Padres would love to add more position players to the upper levels of their Minor League system. And while open to any conversations regarding trades, the team won't move prospects Matt Wisler or catcher Austin Hedges, even though they have been frequently asked about them.
Could something happen this week?
"There's still one or two big ideas still out there, we're not closing the door on anything," Byrnes said.
Corey Brock is a reporter for MLB.com. Keep track of @FollowThePadres on Twitter. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Jimmie Johnson is riding high heading to Dover International Speedway.
He not only has the points lead in the Chase for the Sprint Cup, but he won the last race at Dover and has seven career victories there.
But the five-time champion knows that everything can go south in a hurry on the 1-mile, high-banked track.
"If something happens, we know it's a self-cleaning track and you get torn up pretty bad because you are going so fast," Johnson said.
Johnson and the Chase contenders will head to Dover looking to not only run well, but to stay out of trouble.
What to watch
1. A wreck
Dover is not called The Monster Mile for nothing. The concrete oval can chew up racecars. There are usually several wrecks, and often a big one.
The key to winning at or surviving Dover is avoiding such melees. Tony Stewart got swept into a 12-car pileup on Lap 9 there in June and wound up finishing 25th. Denny Hamlin and Greg Biffle both found the wall in this race last year.
Last year's Chase race featured 10 caution flags, six for wrecks. Stewart and other Chase contenders can't afford such a setback.
PHOTO GALLERY: Ten racetracks that belong on the Chase schedule
2. The frontrunners
Johnson, Brad Keselowski and Hamlin are separated by just seven points at the top of the Chase standings, with Stewart just 10 points back.
Johnson, who has seven career wins at Dover, could open up a sizable lead in the Chase with another victory. The others, meanwhile, will just be trying to keep Johnson within their sights.
3. Playing catch-up
While the drivers at the top of the Chase standings will continue their battle for the points lead, the drivers who have fallen behind in the 10-race Chase will try to make up some big ground.
While Kasey Kahne and Clint Bowyer trail Johnson by just 15 points, Dale Earnhardt Jr., Kevin Harvick, Greg Biffle, Martin Truex Jr. and Matt Kenseth have all gotten off to slow starts in the Chase.
They each need strong runs at Dover and must hope that the top four drivers have some trouble.
Who's Hot ...
Jimmie Johnson: Johnson has finished second in each of the first two Chase races to take the early lead in the Chase standings. He also has finished second in three of his last five races.
Brad Keselowski: Keselowski trails Johnson by just one point in the Chase standings, and with good reason. He has four straight top-10 finishes and 11 top-10s in the last 12 races.
Clint Bowyer: Though he's been overshadowed by Johnson and Keselowski so far, Bowyer quietly has put together his own impressive streak with eight top 10s in his last 10 races.
Who's Not ...
Carl Edwards: Edwards has gone from missing the Chase to being a complete afterthought. Last year's Chase runner-up has finished outside the top 10 in his last five races and in eight of his last 10.
Jeff Burton: Burton was not exaggerating earlier this week when he said Richard Childress Racing's recent performance was "not acceptable." He has just one top-10 finish in his last 10 races and just five all season.
Regan Smith: Smith has struggled most of the season, but just when he starts to show some improvement he finds out he is being replaced by Kurt Busch. He hopes to finish strong with Furniture Row Racing before looking for a new ride.
Jimmie Johnson: Johnson has dominated Dover in recent years, winning four of the last seven races there. He led 289 of 400 laps there in June and swept the track in 2009.
Matt Kenseth: Kenseth is almost always a contender at Dover. He won the June race there last year, finished fifth in this race last year and finished third in June.
Kyle Busch: Busch has run well the last two weeks and is strong at Dover, where he won in 2008 and 2010. He desperately wants to win again to put a season of misery and disappointment behind him.
Winningest Active Drivers
7: Jimmie Johnson
4: Jeff Gordon, Mark Martin
3: Ryan Newman
2: Greg Biffle, Kyle Busch, Matt Kenseth, Tony Stewart
1: Jeff Burton, Kurt Busch, Dale Earnhardt Jr., Carl Edwards, Bobby Labonte, Martin Truex Jr.
By The Numbers
22: The number of Sprint Cup races at Dover since Jeff Gordon has scored a victory there. Gordon's last win at the Monster Mile came on June 3, 2001. He hasn't won at the high-banked concrete track since Jimmie Johnson entered the Cup series full-time in 2002 and swept both Dover races in his rookie season.
Nationwide Series
Race: OneMain Financial 200
Track: Dover International Speedway
When: Saturday, 3:30 p.m. ET
Fast facts: Elliott Sadler and Ricky Stenhouse Jr. continue to swap the points lead, with Sadler regaining the lead with a sixth-place finish last week at Kentucky. Austin Dillon, who won at Kentucky, is 19 points back. … Kyle Busch is on the verge of doing something he hasn't done since 2003—fail to win a Nationwide race. Busch has a record 51 career victories in the series, but has not won in 16 starts with his own team this season. He will try to stop that streak at Dover. … Four full-time Sprint Cup drivers will be in the field at Dover. Joining Busch will Joey Logano, Paul Menard and Kasey Kahne.
Joey Logano: Logano leads the series with six wins, including the June race at Dover.
Kyle Busch: Though he has not won this year with his own team, Busch knows how to get around Dover. He has three Nationwide wins there and two in the Cup series.
Ricky Stenhouse Jr.: Stenhouse finished in the top five in both races at Dover last year, and Roush Fenway Racing has a strong record at the 1-mile track.
Camping World Truck Series
Race: Smith's 350
Track: Last Vegas Motor Speedway
When: Saturday, 8:30 p.m. ET
Fast facts: Ty Dillon remains the series points leader, but James Buescher gained some ground with his win last week at Kentucky. Dillon leads Buescher by four points. … Action sports star Travis Pastrana will make his Truck Series debut at Las Vegas for ThorSport Racing. Pastrana has run nine Nationwide races this season and also will run the final race of the Global Rally Cross season this weekend. … Bakersfield, Calf. native David Mayhew will drive this weekend for Kyle Busch Motorsports. Mayhew drove for Brad Keselowski Racing earlier this year.
James Buescher: Buescher has four wins this season—all on 1.5-mile tracks. He would like to add Las Vegas to the total.
Ty Dillon: Dillon has two wins this season and his brother, Austin, won at Las Vegas with Ty's RCR team in 2010.
Ron Hornaday Jr.: The four-time champion has not won this season, but he won the last race at Las Vegas.


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WASHINGTON — As major financial figures prepare to gather in Davos, Switzerland, this week, experts are a bit more optimistic about the state of the global economy, according to a survey released Monday by the World Economic Forum.
The group's Economic Confidence Index rose to 0.43 from last quarter's 0.38 reading, driven by an improved outlook in North America after U.S. officials averted the fiscal cliff, the group said.
Still, the index — which ranges from zero to one — was not in optimistic territory, according to the group.
"The first Economic Confidence Index result of 2013 gives us some cause for optimism, but the figure is still in negative territory overall," said Martina Gmür, senior director of the forum's Network of Global Agenda Councils. "We still need dynamic leadership to drive the economy ahead and overcome challenges."
Among the 390 respondents in the survey, the number with a pessimistic outlook for the economy in 2013 dropped to 43 percent, from 56 percent at the end of last year. The percentage of those with an optimistic outlook rose to 23 percent from 17 percent.
The findings marked the second-highest level of confidence in the global economy since the index began in 2011.
Fears that the global economy would face a financial shock over the next year dropped to their lowest level in the seven quarters of the index, with just 48 percent of the respondents saying such a shock was probable.
The figure was down 5 percentage points from last quarter and 20 points from last summer, according to the forum, which hosts the annual high-powered economic gathering of heads of state and business leaders at the Swiss resort.
The theme of this year's annual meeting, which runs Wednesday through Sunday, is "Resilient Dynamism."


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By Mike Woitalla (from Soccer America's Youth Soccer Insider)
"The yells and insults from the sideline from the parents make kids more violent."
-- Utah referee Pedro Lopez, the brother-in-law of 46-year-old referee Ricardo Portillo, who died last week after being punched by a 17-year-old goalkeeper.
In addition to working as an editor of Soccer America my whole adult life, I have been a player, fan, referee, youth coach and soccer dad. I love the sport. I even like the smell of my daughter's shinguards, which my wife wants left on the porch. (Apparently I suffer from Proustian Phenomenon).
During the last decade I've grown even fonder of soccer because I've been involved in the youth game. Watching youngsters explore the joys of the sport is simply delightful and makes one appreciate soccer even more when watching it played brilliantly at the highest levels.
But there's something about soccer -- all sports, in fact -- that I loathe. And it's that, for some reason, it brings out behavior in adults that would not be tolerated in any other setting.
At the professional level, coaches wearing suits on the sideline throw tantrums that would embarrass a toddler's parents. Adult fans sitting next to children in a stadium yell obscenities at the top of their lungs. (Just one example that really bothered me recently: In Azteca Stadium in March -- you probably heard this yourself if you watched it on TV – tens of thousands of fans chanting a horribly offensive slur at Brad Guzan each time he took a goal kick.)
But worst of all are the adults screaming from the sidelines at youth games. Whether it's the coaches or the parents -- what on earth makes otherwise civilized people believe that it's acceptable to invade children's playtime in such a way?
One can't imagine an adult screaming at children on a playground but this is tolerated when they're playing soccer. If you think your kid unfairly got a bad grade, you might discuss it with the teacher -- but come into the classroom screaming and you may just get arrested. Yet usually well-mannered adults go raving mad at referees in front of children.
I watch many, many games, from youngsters in the park to the very top level with the world's best referees. And I have discovered that the frequency at which referees make incorrect or questionable calls averages out about the same per game at every level. Why in the world would you expect a referee -- very often a teenager -- at the youth level to whistle a perfect game when the refs of the EPL, the World Cup, MLS, etc., can't pull it off?
Besides, criticism from the parents and coaches is usually so biased, plus they're generally not in a good spot to see the incident, that it's very often wrong.
Our league, NorCal, has quite rightly called for a minute of silence before all the games this weekend.
I say, for the adults, let's stay silent the entire game, every weekend. Sit back, relax, and relish the sights and sounds of children playing a wonderful sport. You'll find it's more enjoyable for everyone when there's no screaming.
(Mike Woitalla, the executive editor of Soccer America, coaches youth soccer for East Bay United/Bay Oaks in Oakland, Calif. He is the co-author, with Tim Mulqueen, of The Complete Soccer Goalkeeper. Woitalla's youth soccer articles are archived at YouthSoccerFun.com.)


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Britton Colquitts right leg seemed to get as much work as Tim Tebows left arm last year. He punted 101 times, which he likens to packing two years worth of experience into one season.
This year, its down to 37 punts, on pace for 66.
Such is life with Peyton Manning under center in Denver.
Colquitts still getting plenty of work as Matt Praters holder. The Broncos kicker already has collected more point-after attempts (31) than he did all of last season (30).
Yes, Mannings having a great year. Von Miller, too. Its the special teams, though, thats the binding to this story of the Broncos resurgence.
The latest example of executive John Elways Midas touch is Trindon Holliday. Claimed off waivers from Houston, the former track star from LSU barely needed a month to become the third player in team history to return a punt and a kickoff for a touchdown in the same season.
It just feels good to know that the special teams and I have to be accounted for in the game plan, Holliday said.
So, now the Broncos (6-3) ostensibly have it all: a top-notch punter who flips field position, a clutch kicker, superior coverage and protection units and a roadrunner of a returner.
Like so many other things at Dove Valley, it all started to coalesce when Manning chose to make his new home in Denver on March 20, which led to Tebows trade to the New York Jets.
Colquitt knew his workload would decrease, making each punt he does get that much more critical. His numbers so far are better than last years, when he set single-season team records for gross- and net-punting average while leading the league in punts dropped inside the 20-yard line.
He ranks second in the NFL with a 43.6-yard net-punting average, having allowed a league-low 3.5 yards per return.
Well, thats an incredible punt team, said Colquitt, noting how gunners Matt Willis and rookie Omar Bolden have been outstanding in coverage along with safety David Bruton, whom special teams coach Jeff Rodgers touts as the NFLs best personal protector.
Unlike Colquitt, Prater prepared for a heavier workload this season. Although he only has 13 field goal attempts so far, hes gotten more work on kickoffs and extra points this season.
I thought wed obviously kick off a lot more, wed score a lot more touchdowns, Prater said. So, extra points are fine with me.
Prater had 67 kickoffs last year, 47 of them touchbacks. Hes on pace this year for 94 kickoffs and 64 touchbacks.
He had game-winning field goals on the last play in three consecutive games during the height of Tebowmania last year but hasnt had any make-or-break attempts this year. Still, hes as clutch as ever, nailing all five of his fourth-quarter attempts. That makes him 33 of 34 in his career in the fourth quarter or overtime. Hes also made all three from 50-plus so far, making him 16-for-19 for his career, an NFL-best 79-percent conversion rate.
Prater also leads the AFC with 36 touchbacks, a product of both his aptitude and the altitude.
All of this is happening with a new long snapper, Aaron Brewer, an undrafted rookie out of San Diego State.
I think as a snapper hes got the best mindset that you can possibly have, Prater said.
California cool.
Yeah, real chilled, nothing bothers him, real calm, Prater said. Hes done a great job.
Yes, he has, said Colquitt, whose 47-yard gross-punting average is just shy of the 47.4-yard mark he established a year ago and who once again is among the league leaders in dropping punts inside the 20.
It helps with Peyton around, Colquitt said. Weve had more punts closer to the 50 than last year.
Thats not a knock on Tebow, mind you Colquitt was as big a fan of No. 15 as anyone but the workload the fourth-year punter got in 2011 is paying big dividends this year.
It was almost like I played two years in one last year; I was out there so much, Colquitt said. The field position mattered that much more. Now, Im more rested, but definitely the experience from last year helped a lot and just to be more focused on: I might not punt that much this game, so Ive got to make every one count.
Colquitt doesnt mind being more of a sideline spectator this season, and Prater said hed love trotting out for extra points every time.
The wild card in all this is Holliday, whom the Broncos snatched off waivers from Houston three weeks after getting a firsthand look at the short speedster in a loss to the Texans in Week 3.
We felt like he had game-breaking ability and game-changing ability, and it took a couple of weeks for that to really show up, but certainly its shown up, Rodgers said.
It was more his teammates adjusting to him than the other way around, too.
We hadnt had that many long returns up until that point, and the plays are going longer, and the longer the return, the longer guys are going to have to hold their blocks, Rodgers said.
Hiccups, however, have occurred.
Holliday flipped the ball out of his hands too quickly on his 105-yard kickoff return touchdown at Cincinnati, and the NFL acknowledged this week that Hollidays 76-yard punt return at Carolina last week should have been ruled a touchback instead of a touchdown because the ball came out before he crossed the goal line.
So, the Broncos now have instituted the Holliday Rule, where he has to hand the ball to Rodgers on the sideline the next time he scores.
And they certainly plan on him getting into the end zone again.


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I started Visual Basic.net in school this semester and I really do not like the book. It is an interesting class but I think they could have selected a better book. Can anyone recommend a good book for beginners that I can use as a supplement? Any on line tutorials will also be appreciated. The book I am using is Microsoft VB. Net Programming. This semester is over and I did pass but I have a more advanced class next semester and would like to brush up a little more before next semester starts.
Thank you.
Out of curiosity, are you having trouble with the language itself or with the thought process used to solve a given problem (for example, taking the problem and figuring out what steps you need to write to solve it)?
When I was tutoring students in college, more often than not, the student wasn't have problems with the language, but the thought process. Just want to make sure I look for a book that fits.
The way the book is written is that when it shows examples it only shows part of the instructions or steps. It relies on the student to utilize previous instructions to complete the example. I do not think my problem is with the understanding the language but making sure I include all the instructions to perform the operation. I do not think this book gives good examples unless it is just me. I do not hate it as I am interested in what I am writing and how it can solve certain tasks. I just do not want to get too frustrated because that will affect learning it.
Oh okay. So really if you had a book that "may still do what you describe" but also provided the full code samples in a CD or downloadable, would that fit your requirements?
Most of the books I've read do similar practices, they show you chunks at a time and you have to enter them in the correct order.
Yes, I am just looking for something that gives full examples until I at least get a good understanding of what instructions need to be written.
I haven't personally used the VB.NET versions of this author, but I enjoyed the Java version while in College, so maybe they will help. They do come with CDs of the code samples and within the chapters, the code is broken up, not shown all together (but at least the CDs can help you with that).
I would start with going to the local library first to see if they have these books, and shuffle through them before buying, or to a Barnes and Noble. I like to tell people to at least read the first few pages of a chapter or two to ensure their writing style also fits you.
you can have the tutorials at microsoft site / otherwise go for .net self placed guide it will be best for you..
Rick, as mentioned, there are several good sites available to help you along the way. There are several great books as well. I remember how daunting this was when I first began, so my recommendation is not to limit yourself to one venue or volume. Partially because we all learn differently, and partially because not all sources are created equal. Get as much information as you can. Where one source is rich in basic coding, another may have better insight into the design process.
In the meantime, I would suggest taking a look at the following volume. It would seem to satisfy your requirements for now. Happy coding!
P.S. I remember taking a class many years back and one thing that helped me was taking a small netbook (smaller than a laptop) around with me, so I could have a personal version of my test code with me at all times. This way, I could compare what I was doing, with what was presented.
Thank you for the help everyone. I did find at few at the library but wanted to get some input on a good book so I can request one that will be helpful. I live near a major university and the state library so I have the resources to locate a good book.
@Rick, Columbus is nice. I just moved there in December of 2011 and my wife and I are really enjoying it. Hopefully the libraries around have a few of the books listed above.


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Solution Architect – Refresh Project
February 24, 2016
Key Solution Architect Contract
12 months; Sydney
Refresh and Upgrade Project
Key Role Deliverables:
- Discovery piece of work for next financial year doing analysis and planning for a major re-fresh program of work
- Looking at current infrastructure and software latest levels and versions
- Look at approach for upgrade of platforms
- Prioritising work and putting in place a priority work list
- Analysis of current environment
- Work closely with Project Managers to write project plans that will be used as a mechanism for getting funding approval
- Strategy/Architecture/Decisions/Road Map/Analysis of IT Assets
- Key experience in "Refresh Environment"
Steve Revins
Senior Tech Talent Manager
An Irish cat living the dream in Sydney I don't know what to tell ya! Even though I'm a long way from the homeland I've successfully built up 5 years of local industry knowledge specialising in emerging technologies. I have a strong JAVA and Ruby on Rails following in NSW and VIC. I also have extensive experience sourcing specialist software development teams for technology companies with highly transactional, high volume, data intensive environments. Let's catch up for a pint, but do send me a message and we'll see what happens!
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Poll Recap: Body Clipping Conundrum
- Nov 26, 2013
- Basic
- Topics:
Only 113 voters (8%) said they give their horses a full body clip during the winter.
Photo: Photos.com
According to recent poll results, TheHorse.com readers like to leave their horse's winter hair coats long. More than 1,400 readers voted in last week's poll, and we've tallied the results.
Of the 1,410 voters, 988 voters (70%) said that they did not body clip their horse. Another 178 voters (13%) responded that they body clip their horses sometimes, depending on their riding, training, or competition plans. Meanwhile, 131 voters (9%) said that give their horse a partial body clip, while the remaining 113 voters (8%) said they give their horses a full body clip.
Additionally, more than 200 readers provided comments about why they do or do not body clip their horses during the winter.
Poll Results
Many readers commented that they do not body clip their horses:
- "We never body clip our horses."
- "No I don't clip my horse. I try to keep her as natural as possible."
- "I don't compete or show my horse so no need to clip"
- "Never any clipping"
- "(They) need their hair, very cold here (and they're) turned out every day. I don't ride much in winter."
- "The winter coat is there for a reason, like whiskers!"
- "(My horses aren't) rugged either...they don't need it."
- "I have no need to body clip my horses."
- "I keep them blanketed so their stays shorter."
- "All our horses are out 24/7, no blankets, in New Hampshire."
- "I live in Alaska and my horse needs all the hair he can get! I will never clip my horse in the winter."
- "My Shetland would freeze up here if I clipped him! God gave him his thick winter coat for a reason."
- "Why would you clip your horse during the winter when their coats keep them warm? Let nature do it."
- "My horses stay natural year round"
- "My OTTB has no blanket, no bit, no shoes, no grain! He's a happy horse with beautiful manageable coat."
- "I leave every hair on him to help keep himself warm. He also has a run-in stall."
- "(This is my) first year for no clipping or blankets. Well bedded stalls with wind break and let nature alone"
- "My Arizona horses grow somewhat thicker coats, but not longer ones (so I) do not clip"
- "My horses are outside 24/7 with a run-in shelter. I do not blanket so they do not get clipped."
- "(My mare has a) full coat even though I ride in winter; she lives outside and rarely needs blanketing."
- "He is no longer competing; no need to clip."
Some readers who do body clip their horses described the types or amount of clipping they do:
- "I do an 'apron' clip on my horses."
- "When I used to train hard and compete I used a trace clip."
- "In the south, the temps can greatly fluctuate from low to high a back. A trace clip gives some relief."
- "Just girth area and strip on the chest."
- "Hunter clip."
- "Only the areas that sweat up most. He needs all other protection as he lives outside with rug on."
- "Have to trace clip, or the poor horses never dry!"
- "A trace clip is enough. I leave his shoulders unclipped so his blanket doesn't chafe."
- "I like a trace clip as happy medium."
- "My pony grows a huge coat no matter what, so I clip his chest and neck early winter/fall time."
- "He starts of with a trace and then as his thick winter coat comes he gets it all off."
- "Horses in work get a trace clip."
Several readers body clipped their horses for specific health- or work-related reasons:
- "Every three months, year round as he's Cushings...sigh."
- "Had to (clip) due to extra long coat this year due to Cushings. He has been miserable on our mild days."
- "She is a fuzzy cushings patient."
- "As much as I'd like to leave his coat, body clipping is the only way he can stay in work in winter."
- "I keep training through the winter, so he needs to be clipped."
- "In Arizona our show season is in the winter so body clipping is necessary."
- "Only if showing."
- "Only when in heavy training…otherwise au' natural."
- "I have six horses and two or three of them get clipped (legs left) due to sweating and being uncomfortable"
- "I sometimes clip during summer however because my cob takes a long time to lose her winter coat."
- "She gets ridden everyday. She still gets sweaty, but dries so much faster!"
- "Only clip the ones we intend to ride regularly during the winter months. They are rugged also."
- "I have to clip my mare because she doesn't sweat and gets too hot here in Florida."
- "If they work hard, the damage from overheating when not clipped far outweighs any problems with blankets."
Others said they blanketed their horses to manage their winter hair coats:
- "I blanket my show horses and not my broodmares."
- "We do blanket, however."
- "Mine is under lights and blanketed so he maintains a short coat."
- "I try not to blanket before Thanksgiving unless a nasty storm comes so they grow their winter hair."
- "Blanket to keep sweating to a minimum"
- "I live in Park City, Utah, and my horse lives outside. She is blanketed when the weather is less than 20° or wet."
- "I blanket over their light winter coats to keep them clean and dry."
- "He get three blankets and a hood with two lights"
- "There should be another option. My horse is blanketed to prevent fully growing her winter coat."
- "My horse stays pretty slick all year due to blanketing and indoor board so I've never needed to."
Learn more about body clipping your horse at The Horse.com.
This week we want to know: Who in your horse-life are you most thankful for and why? Vote now and share your comments with us at TheHorse.com.
The results of our weekly polls are published in The Horse Health E-Newsletter, which offers news on diseases, veterinary research, health events, and in-depth articles on common equine health conditions and what you can do to recognize, avoid, or treat them. Sign up for our e-newsletters on our homepage and look for a new poll on TheHorse.com
About the Author
Jennifer Whittle, TheHorse.com Web Producer
Jennifer Whittle, TheHorse.com Web Producer, is a lifelong horse owner who competes with her Appaloosas in Western performance events. She is a University of Kentucky graduate and holds a bachelor's degree in Community Communications and Leadership Development, and master's degree in Career, Technical, and Leadership Education. She currently lives on a small farm in Lawrenceburg, Kentucky.
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Fundamentalist worship practices, which are heavily influenced by revivalism, usually feature a sermon with congregational singing and prayer, though there can be considerable variation from denomination to denomination. Although fundamentalists are not notably ascetic, they do observe certain prohibitions. Most fundamentalists do not smoke, drink alcoholic beverages, dance, or attend movies or plays. At most fundamentalist schools and institutes, these practices are strictly forbidden.
During the 19th century, major challenges to traditional Christian teachings arose on several fronts. Geologic discoveries revealed that the Earth was far older than the few thousand years suggested by a literal reading of the biblical book of Genesis. The work of Charles Darwin (1809–82) and his colleagues established that human beings as a species had emerged over millions of years through a process of evolution, rather than suddenly by divine fiat. Social scientists and philosophers influenced by Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) advocated a parallel theory of progressive social evolution that refuted the traditional religious understanding of human sin, which was predicated on the notion that, after the fall from grace, the human condition was corrupt beyond repair. Meanwhile, some ministers in various denominations ceased to emphasize the conversion of individuals to the religious life and instead propounded a "social gospel" that viewed progressive social change as a means of building the kingdom of God on Earth.
A more direct challenge to traditional Christianity came from scholars who adopted a critical and historical approach to studying and interpreting the Bible. This perspective, known as modernism, treated the books of the Bible—especially the first five (the Pentateuch)—not as simple documents written by a single author but as complex texts constructed by multiple authors from several older sources. Although modernism offered a solution to many problems posed by seemingly contradictory biblical passages, it also raised severe doubts about the historical accuracy of the biblical text, leading scholars to revise the traditional history of the biblical era and to reconsider the nature of biblical authority. (For a discussion of modernism in the history of Roman Catholicism, see Modernism.)
The issue of biblical authority was crucial to American Protestantism, which had inherited the fundamental doctrine of sola Scriptura (Latin: "Scripture alone") as enunciated by Martin Luther (1483–1546) and other 16th-century Reformers. Thus, any challenge to scriptural integrity had the potential to undermine Christianity as they understood and practiced it. In response to this challenge, theologians at the Princeton Theological Seminary argued for the verbal (word-for-word) inspiration of Scripture and affirmed that the Bible was not only infallible (correct when it spoke on matters of faith and morals) but inerrant (correct when it spoke on any matters, including history and science).
As the theologians at Princeton developed their new approach, John Nelson Darby, one of the earliest leaders of the Plymouth Brethren (a British free church movement emphasizing biblical prophecy and the Second Coming of Christ), introduced a very different theological perspective, called dispensationalism. First taught to the Brethren in the mid-19th century, dispensationalism maintained that history is divided into distinct periods, or "dispensations," during which God acts in different ways toward his chosen people. The present period, according to dispensationalism, was one of expectant waiting for the imminent return of Jesus Christ. Dispensationalists believed in an apocalyptic millennialism that foretold the Rapture (the bodily rescue of the chosen by God) and the subsequent cataclysmic events of the Last Days, such as the persecutions by the Antichrist and the Battle of Armageddon (see also eschatology).
Although most Protestant churches rejected the broad teachings of the Plymouth Brethren, many accepted the "premillennialism" of Darby's followers. They believed that the next important event in human history would be the coming of Christ to justify and redeem his people and establish them in leadership over a millennial (thousand-year) kingdom.
Singular interest in the Second Coming—an issue promoted by William Miller (1782–1849) and the Adventist churches in the 1830s and '40s—inspired a popular movement through the Niagara Bible Conference, held every summer at Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario. Initiated by James Inglis, a New York City Baptist minister, shortly before his death in 1872, the conference continued under James H. Brookes (1830–97), a St. Louis, Missouri, Presbyterian minister and editor of the influential millenarian millennial periodical The Truth. Other early millenarian millennial leaders included George C. Needham (1840–1902), a Baptist evangelist (1840–1902); William J. Erdman (1834–1923), a Presbyterian minister noted for his skill as a biblical expositorexegete; and William R. Nicholson (1822–1901), who left the Episcopal church Church in 1873 and later became a bishop in the Reformed Episcopal denomination.Toward the close Church (see Episcopal Church, USA). Near the end of the century, the millennial movement attracted other prominent leaders, such as the prominent Boston Baptist minister Adoniram J. Gordon (1836–95), a Baptist minister in Boston; and Maurice Baldwin (1836–1904), the bishop of Huron in the Church of England in Canada.
The group held annual summer conferences, which generally met at Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, until 1899. The millenarians associated with the Niagara Conference also sponsored public conferences in major cities beginning in 1878, such as the Bible and International Prophetic Conference Conferences in New York City.Development of fundamentalist views.
The millenarian movement began to grow within America when confidence in America's destiny first began to wane among some Protestant leaders, faced as they were with labour unrest, social discontent, and the rising tide of Roman Catholic immigration. During the late 1880s and '90s the challenges posed by the rise of liberal Biblical criticism also won many converts to the millenarian movement.
As the century drew to a close, the Protestant Chicago evangelist Dwight L. Moody (1837–99) provided in his Northfield conferences an influential platform for millenarian expression. Millenarians supported foreign-missions work and influenced the surge of missionary zeal millennial expression in his Northfield, Massachusetts, conferences. Millennialists were also active in the late 19th-century missionary revival that was eventually institutionalized as the Student Volunteer Movement. Also, they found within the Princeton Theological Seminary at Princeton, N.J., a group of scholars interested in defending the authority and inspiration of the Bible.
Millenarians invited the Princeton professors to their conferences and adopted their arguments in defense of the Bible. Virtually none of the Princeton faculty adopted millenarianism, and some opposed it strongly, but both parties appreciated each other's support on the issue of biblical authority.The high point of millenarian influence upon the conservative
During the last years of the 19th century, the millennial movement was divided over issues of prophetic interpretation, but Brookes managed to hold the dissident factions together. Within a few years of his death, however, the Niagara Conference was abandoned.
Even before Brookes's death, tensions between millennialists and modernists had reached unprecedented levels. In the 1890s several liberal ministers and professors were subjected to church trials on charges of heresy and apostasy; the most famous such trial involved Charles A. Briggs (1841–1913), a minister of the Presbyterian Church who had denounced the idea of verbal inspiration in an address at the Union Theological Seminary in New York City in 1891. Briggs was convicted of heresy and suspended from the ministry in 1893. In response, the seminary dropped its official connection to the Presbyterian Church, and Briggs became an Episcopalian. Briggs's colleagues Henry Preserved Smith (1847–1927) and A.C. McGiffert (1861–1933) suffered similar experiences, prompting them to join Congregationalist churches (see Congregationalism).
Continuing conservative militancy led to the founding of the American Bible League in 1902 and the subsequent publication of The Fundamentals: A Testimony to the Truth (1910–15), a series of 12 booklets comprising articles by conservative leaders from across the country. The series, which would eventually give the conservatives their name, attacked modernist theories of biblical criticism and reasserted the authority of the Bible,
Almost all the leaders who had founded the Niagara Conference had died by 1914. The new generation of leaders were not as firmly attached to their denominations as were their predecessors. And their defense of the millenarian cause was more militant and uncompromising. During the last years of the 19th century, disagreements over prophetic interpretation were expressed, but James H. Brookes held the dissident factions together. Within a few years of his death, however, the Niagara Conference was abandoned, and shortly thereafter a paper war broke out between the two leading millenarian periodicals, Watchword and Truth and Our Hope, that deeply divided the movement.The fundamentalist-modernist controversy. At the end of World War I, the millenarians, alarmed by the growth of liberalism and disturbed over what they conceived to be social degeneracy, held a number of
affirming all the theological principles that conservatives felt were being denied by modernist spokespersons. Financed by two wealthy Presbyterian laymen, The Fundamentals was freely distributed to millions of pastors throughout the world.
After a hiatus during World War I, conflict between conservatives and modernists was renewed in 1918. A number of conservative conferences in New York City and Philadelphia
led to
the formation of a larger and more comprehensive organization in 1919, the World's Christian Fundamentals Association.
The 1919 conference placed planks in a platform on which the
fundamentalist movement would stand for
years to come.
Conservative-fundamentalist leaders reiterated the creedal basis of the movement
and called for the
rejection of modernism and
related trends, especially the teaching of the theory of evolution. They turned away from the universities (almost totally controlled by administrations and faculties hostile to the fundamentalist position) and placed their faith in the more recently founded Bible institutes. Finally, they denounced the unitive and cooperative spirit exemplified in the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America
and threatened schism if this type of spiritual decline persisted.
During the late 19th century, the liberal faction in the church had numbered only a few men, most of them professors in seminaries or universities. Their acceptance of higher criticism was viewed with apprehension by parishioners, the clergy, and officials of their denominations. Where legal machinery existed to examine the new teachings, as it did in the Presbyterian denomination, the verdict was given against the innovations of liberals.
By this time, the modernist position had gained a foothold in Episcopal, Congregational, Methodist Episcopal, American Baptist, and Presbyterian denominations in the North
. The stage was set for major confrontations during the 1920s, and it remained to be seen only whether the modernists could be forced out of
their denominations.
Not every Protestant denomination was affected by intellectual controversy during the 1920s, of course. In some, such as the Southern Baptist
Convention and the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, modernism had not
become prominent. In
contrast, modernists were firmly in control of the Methodist Episcopal and Episcopal churches
by the 1920s, because a large block of theological conservatives had left those churches in the late 19th century to form the Holiness churches and the Reformed Episcopal Church, respectively. Other denominations, such as the Congregationalists, were so loosely organized that decisions on theological controversies were difficult to legislate.
Discord among northern Baptists was focused at their annual conventions. In 1920 a group of Baptists calling themselves the National Federation of Fundamentalists began holding annual preconvention conferences on Baptist fundamentals. When their attempts to carry their views into the convention failed to make immediate progress, the more militant among them founded the Baptist Bible Union. Eventually the militants left the denomination to form several small fundamentalist churches, while the remainder stayed to constitute a permanent conservative voice within the American Baptist Convention (now the American Baptist Churches in the U.S.A.).
The most serious phase of the conservative-modernist controversy erupted among the Presbyterians. Conservatives had imposed a set of doctrines upon the denomination in 1910, declaring that the Christian faith required belief in the inerrant inspiration of the Bible,
Christ's Virgin Birth
, and
his Atonement
, Resurrection, and miracle-working power
. In 1922
a New York minister, Harry Emerson Fosdick
(1878–1969), protested the activities of
conservatives in foreign-mission fields in a widely reproduced sermon
titled "Shall the Fundamentalists Win?"
The conservatives
in the denomination
forced Fosdick,
a Baptist
serving the First Presbyterian Church of New York City
The focus of discord within the northern Baptist denomination was in their annual convention, which functioned much like the convention of a political party. Beginning in 1920, a group of Baptists calling themselves the National Federation of Fundamentalists began holding annual preconvention conferences on Baptist fundamentals. Thus organized, they attempted to carry their views into the convention. When the tactics of the National Federation failed to make immediate progress, some of the more militant Baptist fundamentalists founded the Baptist Bible Union. Among the Baptists, however, as among the Presbyterians, divisions among the fundamentalists caused their defeat.Displeasure with the teaching of evolution, as well as anxiety over the spread of biblical criticism, gained momentum in the 1920s.
of his pastorate. He was soon reestablished in the independent Riverside Church.
In the midst of these debates, an event in the Deep South made visible the intense division that had entered American religious life. Fundamentalists, believing that the Bible could not be reconciled with
Darwin's theory of evolution, lobbied their state legislatures to ban the teaching of evolution in the public schools; they were joined in this effort by many others who were not fundamentalists. The state of Tennessee passed such a statute, which was challenged in the courts in 1925 at the instigation of the American Civil Liberties Union. John T. Scopes (1900–70), a science teacher in the small town of Dayton, offered to serve as the defendant against the charge of having taught evolution. Two of the foremost
figures of that decade, William Jennings Bryan (1860–1925), a Presbyterian fundamentalist and three-time Democratic presidential candidate, and Clarence Darrow (1857–1938), a defense counsel in notable criminal trials,
served as the assistant prosecuting attorney and the lead defense attorney, respectively
(see Scopes Trial). Scopes was found guilty and fined, though his conviction was later overturned on the technicality that the fine had been excessive. The law forbidding the teaching of evolution in Tennessee was upheld in 1925 and repealed in 1967.
By the end of the 1920s, fundamentalists had lost control of the major denominations and had given up hope of recapturing them, at least in the foreseeable future. Although most remained in their denominations, some broke away to form their own churches. In 1932 a number of Baptists left the Northern Baptist Convention and established the General Association of Regular Baptist Churches; four years later, the Princeton theologian J. Gresham Machen (1881–1937) headed a group of fundamentalists that created the Orthodox Presbyterian Church. Other fundamentalists joined one of the smaller churches that preached biblical literalism and premillennialism—such as the Christian and Missionary Alliance, the Plymouth Brethren, and the Evangelical Free
Church—or one of the many independent Bible churches
that arose during that period.
Having also lost control of the
denominational seminaries, the fundamentalists regrouped around a set of independent Bible institutes and Bible colleges. Many of these schools, such as the Moody Bible Institute in Chicago
and the Bible Institute of Los Angeles
(now Biola University), not only provided instruction to their students but assumed many of the duties formerly performed by denominational institutions. They published periodicals, broadcast from their own radio stations,
held conferences, and
maintained a staff of extension speakers.
There is also a series of organizations for fundamentalists paralleling the professional and business organizations of American society. Doctors, scientists, athletes, social workers, historians, businessmen, nurses, students, and others may join groups designed especially for their interest or vocational area. Chapters of the Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship and Campus Crusade for Christ exist on hundreds of university and college campuses to provide religious support similar to that provided by organizations of the major Protestant denominations and Roman Catholics. The American Scientific Affiliation holds meetings and publishes a journal in which the compatibility of science with the Bible and with a Christian worldview is emphasized.
Paralleling the ecumenical bodies of Protestantism are the American Council of Christian Churches (ACCC) founded in 1941 and the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) founded in 1942. The ACCC was (until 1969) virtually the voice of one man, Carl McIntire, who spoke against larger ecumenical bodies, such as the National Council of Churches, and against the alleged dangers of communism. The NAE operates as a coordinating body for its members but implements no programs of its own.
The most significant influences upon the fundamentalist and evangelical churches in America since World War II have been the prosperity of the postwar decades, the religious revival of the 1950s, and the alleged threat of communist subversion. The new public image of the fundamentalist during this period was perhaps best exemplified by the evangelist Billy Graham.The issue of communism that preoccupied the American public during the 1950s closely resembled the traditional concerns of fundamentalism—namely, biblical criticism and evolution—which fundamentalists believed came from abroad, seemed to spread uncontrollably and subversively, and tended to undermine Christianity. The anticommunist activities of the mid-20th century virtually duplicated the history of the antievolution crusade of the 1920s. The evolution controversy itself resurfaced in the 1960s when creationists (those accepting literal interpretations of the biblical Creation account in Genesis), dismayed by the emphasis on evolutionary theory in biology textbooks,
Indeed, they operated much like a denominational headquarters, providing a bond between otherwise isolated congregations.
The establishment of new fundamentalist denominations in the 1930s brought to the fore long-standing divisions within the fundamentalist movement that had been held in check while they concentrated on a common enemy. One of the most divisive issues for Presbyterians was the question of premillennialism and postmillennialism. While Machen defended the more conventional postmillennialism of the Princeton theology, the opposite view was taken by New Jersey minister Carl McIntire, who later founded the rival Bible Presbyterian Church.
McIntire was the focus of a second divisive issue: separatism. He argued that fundamentalists must not only denounce modernist deviations from traditional Christian beliefs but also separate themselves from all heresy and apostasy. This position entailed the condemnation of conservatives who chose to remain in fellowship with more liberal members of their denominations. In 1942 McIntire gathered the independents who accepted his position into the American Council of Christian Churches.
The fundamentalists' denunciation of modernist theology and their censure of church-related institutions of higher learning often led them to reject contemporary education; this in turn contributed to the impression of many outsiders that fundamentalism was essentially anti-intellectual. At the same time, the fundamentalists' withdrawal from larger denominations and their decrying of certain trends in contemporary society conveyed the impression that they were opposed to science and culture. By the end of the 1930s, the largest segment of the fundamentalist movement, believing that a conservative restatement of faith, representing the best of conservative scholarship, was compatible with contemporary intellectual culture, distanced itself from the separatists. They dropped the fundamentalist label, which they left to the separatists, and formed the so-called "neo-Evangelical" movement. Christianity Today was founded as their major periodical. Their new intellectual centre, Fuller Theological Seminary, was opened in Pasadena, California; many of the schools formerly identified with fundamentalism, such as the Moody Bible Institute, also moved into the Evangelical camp. A new ecumenical organization, the National Association of Evangelicals, was organized in 1942.
Although fundamentalism was pushed to the fringe of the Christian community by the new Evangelical movement, it continued to grow as new champions arose. The Baptist Bible Fellowship, formed in 1950, became one of the largest fundamentalist denominations; Jerry Falwell, subsequently a prominent televangelist, emerged as the movement's leading spokesperson in the 1970s. Liberty University, founded by Falwell in Lynchburg, Virginia, in 1971; Bob Jones University, founded as Bob Jones College in College Point, Florida, by Bob Jones, Sr., in 1927 (the school relocated to Cleveland, Tennessee, and then to Greenville, South Carolina, in 1947); and Regent University, founded by the televangelist Pat Robertson in 1978, were the movement's main intellectual centres. Television, which provided direct access to the public, assisted the careers of a number of fundamentalist religious leaders; in addition to Falwell, they included Tim LaHaye, head of a pastorate in San Diego and coauthor of a popular series of novels based on the Revelation to John.
In the 1960s, religious conservatives and fundamentalists became involved in a renewed controversy over the teaching of evolution in the public schools. Defending the doctrine of creationism—the view that the account of the Creation presented in Genesis is literally correct—they sought again to ban the teaching of evolution
or to require the teaching of the Genesis
account wherever evolutionary theory was taught.
Some fundamentalists also attempted to require the teaching of so-called "creation science," or "scientific creationism," which presumed to present
Fundamentalist beliefs have not changed significantly since the time of the Niagara conferences. The greatest theological excitement in the history of modern fundamentalism was generated by the theology of Karl Barth, whose emphasis on biblical authority was seen by many to reflect fundamentalist concerns.Though fundamentalists are not notably ascetic, they do observe certain taboos. Most fundamentalists do not smoke or drink alcoholic beverages and usually do not dance or attend movies and plays. At most Bible institutes and fundamentalist colleges, these practices are strictly forbidden. Worship practices may vary from denomination to denomination but are usually nonliturgical and heavily influenced by revivalism. A sermon with congregational singing and prayer are common elements of fundamentalist services
the Genesis account as a legitimate scientific alternative to evolution. In the 1990s some creationists advocated the teaching of a doctrine known as "intelligent design," according to which the diversity and complexity of living things is impossible to explain except by positing the existence of an intelligent creator. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, creationists were elected to various local and state boards of education, some of which subsequently enacted measures requiring the teaching of intelligent design. In some cases the measures were blocked by the courts or were repealed, and some creationists lost their seats to emboldened defenders of evolution.
In 1979 Falwell founded the Moral Majority, a civic organization that crusaded against what it viewed as negative cultural trends, especially legalized abortion, the women's movement, and the gay rights movement. It also lobbied for prayer in public schools, increased defense spending, a strong anticommunist foreign policy, and continued American support for the State of Israel. The Moral Majority led a new generation of fundamentalists beyond simply denouncing cultural trends and back into an engagement with contemporary life in the political arena. Falwell cooperated with nonfundamentalists on common secular causes but remained aloof from the major fundamentalist organizations. Meanwhile, the Evangelicals campaigned on many of the same issues, thus blurring the boundaries between the two movements.
By the 1980s fundamentalists had rebuilt all the institutional structures that had been lost when they separated from the older denominations. As early as 1941, fundamentalist groups had come together in the American Council of Christian Churches, and in 1948 they joined with like-minded Christians around the world to create the International Council of Christian Churches. In the late 1960s the American Council attempted to move beyond the leadership of Carl McIntire, who had dominated it for more than a quarter of a century. It withdrew from the International Council to help form the World Council of Bible Believing Churches. In the late 20th century, some fundamentalists even began to engage in discussions with conservative members of the Roman Catholic Church, traditionally regarded by fundamentalists as a non-Christian cult. Protestant fundamentalists and conservative Catholics found common ground on a variety of issues, including abortion and school prayer.
From the late 1980s, fundamentalists sought to build on the success of the Moral Majority and like-minded groups. In 1988 Robertson ran unsuccessfully for president of the United States. Shortly afterward he founded the Christian Coalition, which succeeded the Moral Majority as the leading organization of the movement and became closely associated with the Republican Party. Fundamentalists were strong supporters of President George W. Bush and played an important role in the election of Republicans at all levels of government. They also continued to promote conservative positions on various questions of social policy.
At the start of the 21st century, fundamentalist teachings were not significantly different from what they were at the time of the Niagara Conference. Fundamentalists still believed in the inerrancy and infallibility of the Bible and rejected critical biblical scholarship and the many new translations of the Bible to which such scholarship gave rise. A significant percentage of the movement continued to use the King James Version of the Bible exclusively.
George W. Dollar, A History of Fundamentalism in America (1973, reissued 1983); and George M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism (1991), are important introductions to the history of fundamentalism. Jerry Falwell (ed.), The Fundamentalist Phenomenon: The Resurgence of Conservative Christianity (1981, reissued 1986), is a study of the movement by one of its leaders. Timothy P. Weber, Living in the Shadow of the Second Coming: American Premillennialism, 1875–1982, enlarged ed. (1983, reissued 1987), traces the influence of an apocalyptic doctrine on American religious life. Marla J. Selvidge (ed.), Fundamentalism Today: What Makes It So Attractive (1984), is a useful collection of essays. Bruce B. Lawrence, Defenders of God: The Fundamentalist Revolt Against the Modern Age (1989, reissued 1995), examines fundamentalism in Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Henry M. Morris, History of Modern Creationism, 2nd ed. (1993), is a survey of the movement. Clyde Wilcox and Carin Larson, Onward Christian Soldiers?: The Religious Right in American Politics, 3rd ed. (2006), examines the role of fundamentalist Christians in American politics.


text:
Venue Balloon Décor course
This fully hands on course will cover décor that is suitable for all special occasions including birthdays, proms, Weddings, Halloween, Xmas, Christenings, and Corporate events. Designs will incorporate latex, foils and Quick Links.
The Décor to be covered – balloon walls, dance floor canopy, columns, themed designs and custom centrepieces. The silhouette cameo will also be demonstrated allowing you to personalise foils for any occasion, setting you apart from the competition.
This course IS NOT suitable for beginners, so only those who have completed a Fundamentals course will be allowed to attend.


text:
This study is provided by ICPSR. ICPSR provides leadership and training in data access, curation, and methods of analysis for a diverse and expanding social science research community.
American National Election Studies (ANES) Panel Study, 2008-2009 (ICPSR 29182)
Principal Investigator(s): American National Election Studies
The 2008-2009 ANES Panel Study is a telephone-recruited Internet panel with two cohorts recruited using nearly identical methods. The first cohort was recruited in late 2007 using random-digit-dialing (RDD) methods common to telephone surveys. Prospective respondents were offered $10 per month to complete surveys on the Internet each month for 21 months, from January 2008 through September 2009. Those without a computer and Internet service were offered a free web appliance, MSN TV 2, and free Internet service for the duration of the study. The second cohort was recruited the same way in the summer of 2008 and asked to join the panel beginning in September 2008. The recruitment interview was conducted by telephone in nearly all cases. A small number of respondents completed the recruitment survey on the Internet after failing to complete a telephone interview. Before the first monthly survey, most respondents also completed an online profile survey consisting primarily of demographic questions.
To minimize panel attrition and conditioning effects, only 7 of the 21 monthly surveys are about politics. Other surveys are about a variety of non-political topics. The panelists answered political questions prepared by ANES in January, February, June, September, October, and November 2008. With certainty, the panel answered more political questions in May 2009.
Note that the 2008-2009 ANES Panel Study is entirely separate from the 2008 ANES Time Series study, which was conducted using the traditional ANES method of face-to-face interviews before and after the 2008 election. Although there are a few questions common to both studies, the samples and methods are different. For further details, see the User Guide. Complete documentation is available on the ANES Web site.
Access Notes
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ASCII + SAS Setup SPSS Setup Stata Setup
Study Description
American National Election Studies. American National Election Studies (ANES) Panel Study, 2008-2009. ICPSR29182-v1. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2011-04-28. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR29182.v1
Persistent URL: https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR29182.v1
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This study was funded by:
- University of Michigan (NSF: SES-0535334)
- National Science Foundation (NSF: SES-0535332)
- Stanford University
Scope of Study
Subject Terms: abortion, Afghanistan War, Biden, Joe, born-again Christians, Bush, George W., candidates, Clinton, Hillary, Democratic Party (USA), Edwards, John, elections, electronic surveillance, emergency preparedness, federal government, federal income tax, global warming, Gravel, Mike, health insurance, Huckabee, Mike, Hunter, Duncan, illegal immigrants, Iraq War, Keyes, Alan, Kucinich, Dennis, local elections, McCain, John, national economy, national elections, news media, newspapers, Obama, Barack, Obama, Michelle, Paul, Ron, political activism, political affiliations, political awareness, political campaigns, political interest, political parties, primaries, religious affiliation, Republican Party (USA), Richardson, Bill, same-sex marriage, state elections, Tancredo, Tom, television news, terrorism, Thompson, Fred, United States Congress, violent crime, voter attitudes, voter expectations, voters, voting behavior
Geographic Coverage: United States
- 2008--2009
- 2008-01--2009-09
Unit of Observation: individual
Universe: The Panel Study is designed to represent the population of United States citizens aged 18 years and older as of November 4, 2008 (Election Day). Individuals who, at the time of recruitment, were United States citizens, born on or before November 4, 1990, and residing in a United States household (all 50 states and the District of Columbia, but excluding areas without electoral votes) with a landline telephone.
Character variables which contained an unlabeled value were labeled BLANK.
Question text for variables W11LB8, W11LB4, W11LB5 was not added due to inconsistencies in the user guide and variable labels.
Original variable order was modified so that CASEID was first.
Variable W11Q3 contains an unknown code.
The data in this collection came from the American National Election Study (ANES) Web site.
Documentation for this data collection came from the American National Election Study (ANES) Web site. The codebook was generated by ICPSR.
Produced by a collaboration between the University of Michigan and Stanford University.
Sample: For detailed sampling and recruitment procedures, see the User Guide.
Weight: For detailed information on the weights used in this study, see Section 8 in the User Guide.
Mode of Data Collection: telephone interview
Response Rates: The minimum response rate (AAPOR RR1) at the panel recruitment stage was 26 percent. The estimated response rate (AAPOR RR3, based on observed eligibility among known cases) at the recruitment stage was 42 percent. The minimum and estimated response rates for the 2008 ANES waves were as follows: Jan: 18 percent RR1, 29 percent RR3; Feb: 17 percent RR1, 26 percent RR3; Jun: 16 percent RR1, 25 percent RR3; Sep: 16 percent RR1, 26 percent RR3; Oct: 16 percent RR1, 26 percent RR3; Nov: 17 percent RR1, 27 percent RR3.
Extent of Processing: ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:
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Original ICPSR Release: 2011-04-28
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text: We are living a Media Life. Each of us is the star of his or her own Truman Show. We digitally record, store, edit, and forward almost every aspect of our lives - whether we want to or not, whether we are aware of it, or not. We produce as much as consume information. The media become increasingly immersive, portable, networked. How to make sense of a life like that, living in a completely mediated world like this? That is what T101 Media Life is all about. During the semester we will trace the development, examine the content, and explore the impact of new technologies on industry and society, reviewing both conceptual and practical aspects of our changing information society. The course is divided into different thematic sections, each focusing on the relationships between new communication technology, media industries, and the issues we are all facing in everyday life: understanding and managing careers, relationships, and identities. Society as we know it is in a state of flux, and people respond to this in extremely different ways: from deeply troubled observations about the increasingly isolated and disengaged nature of contemporary life to utopian daydreaming about the coolness of massive multiplayer gaming environments. After T101 you will be able to take up an autonomous yet deeply informed position in this debate - which will influence you for the rest of your career, in particular if you chosen profession is working somewhere in the (new) media industries: multimedia journalism, integrated marketing, interactive advertising, videogame development, crossmedia TV and film production, integrated band promotion and artist representation in the music and recording industry. Media Life is a perfect gateway course for all University Division students across campus. T101 also satisfies a course requirement for minors, and is a required course for Telecommunications majors. Over the last several years T101 has enrolled students from a wide variety of disciplines, including prospective majors, minors, and beyond. Work in the course combines reflective essays, exams that test your insight, pop quizzes, and creative assignments. This course counts toward Social and Historical Studies distribution requirements in the College of Arts and Sciences. It may, or may not, also count toward other degree requirements. For more information about which requirements this course could fulfill see the College of Arts and Sciences Bulletin at http://college.indiana.edu/undergrad/academicBulletin.shtml. If you have questions, or need additional help, see your academic advisor.


text:
We are constantly trying to improve the user experience on EnglishCentral. It is a challenge. To balance the need to motivate learners and keep them engaged with the need for sound pedagogic features so learners can learn English effectively and purposefully.
We've done that with a new feature, Focused Speaking we are calling it. But it is anything but "light". Now, when a learner finishes LEARN and studying the words in the video, they can go on and SPEAK only those lines.
This means that if a learner wants to speak all the lines of the video, they will have to go back and select those lines. However, we are going to make it simple and later this week, we'll have a "Focused Speaking Mode" setting in the settings area of the player. Any learner who wishes to speak the whole video and skip "Focused Speaking", can do by deselecting.unchecking it.
We think Focused Speaking is fantastic. You can do more videos and really focus your speaking on only the lines with the selected, purposeful vocabulary you are studying. It's not "light" in the sense that you can study more videos, be more engaged and motivated by the variety of our huge video catalog.
So enjoy Focused Speaking and we welcome your feedback. We'll be making an announcement for all members once we launch the "Speak The Whole Video" in the settings.
The EnglishCentral Team