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Oceanographers use their knowledge of geology and geophysics, in addition to biology and chemistry, to study the world's oceans and coastal waters. They study the motion and circulation of the ocean waters and their physical and chemical properties, and how these properties affect coastal areas, climate, and weather.
Oceanography also has several subdisciplines:
- Physical oceanographers study the ocean tides, waves, currents, temperatures, density, and salinity. They study the interaction of various forms of energy, such as light, radar, sound, heat, and wind with the sea, in addition to investigating the relationship between the sea, weather, and climate. Their studies provide the Maritime Fleet with up-to-date oceanic conditions.
- Chemical oceanographers study the distribution of chemical compounds and chemical interactions that occur in the ocean and sea floor. They may investigate how pollution affects the chemistry of the ocean.
- Geological and geophysical oceanographers study the topographic features and the physical makeup of the ocean floor. Their knowledge can help oil and gas producers find these minerals on the bottom of the ocean.
- Biological oceanographers, often called marine biologists, study the distribution and migration patterns of the many diverse forms of sea life in the ocean.


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History and background of Jean Louis Scherrer. Jean-Louis Scherrer was born in Paris, France in 1936. He was interested in dancing, but was unable to continue his career after a fall so he began to sketch. He studied fashion design at the Chambre Syndicale de la Couture in Paris. In 1955, his talent took him to the house of DIOR
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World War II veteran Paul Meunier was a signal man trained in semaphore flag signaling and Morse code on the aircraft carrier USS Hornet CV-8 when it set to sea for the famous 1942 Doolittle air raid mission on Japan.
SALT SPRINGS — World War II veteran Paul Meunier was a signal man trained in semaphore flag signaling and Morse code on the aircraft carrier USS Hornet when it set to sea in support of the famous 1942 Doolittle air raid mission on Japan.
Meunier, 89, served in an observation tower high above the flight deck when 16 twin-engine B-25 bombers crews prepared to take off for a morale boosting first strike on Tokyo using aircraft tested for carrier launch only weeks before the mission.
Meunier said that before the Doolittle mission, only smaller, single-engine torpedo and fighter scout planes were launched from the Hornet.
"We could look down and see the (B-25) flight crews. We would say to each other, 'Bet you five bucks he makes it,' as the planes took off. I generally figured out (prior to takeoff) they would make it," Meunier said. "One of the crewmen from a B-25 was a sergeant from Milwaukee. I let him have my bunk because it was more comfortable than the first one he was assigned. I knew the ship like the back of my hand and could find another.
"We heard the airmen arguing about what they would have to leave behind to lighten their planes and extend their range," Meunier added. "Fuel usage and range were critical to the mission. We saw each plane getting extra five gallon cans of gas on the flight deck just before take-off."
Meunier and his wife of 65 years, Juanita, have lived in a home on Lake George in northeast Marion County for 26 years. He is a native of Rosedale, N.Y., and was a Sea Scout as a youth. He learned the fundamentals of seamanship on a 34-foot sloop the group sailed across Lake Michigan.
Meunier enlisted in the Navy on Aug. 17, 1941, "because of Hitler," and soon was sent to the Great Lakes Naval Training Center near Chicago for boot camp. After additional training as a signal man he was assigned to meet "the new carrier" USS Hornet at the dock at Newport News near Norfolk, Va.
"A lot of the sailors in the outfit were from landlocked states and had never seen anything like an aircraft carrier," Meunier said. "After the Hornet went out to sea on several trials, she then loaded up two B-25s to see if they could take off before we sailed on the mission."
The test was successful and the USS Hornet CV-8 set out April 2, 1942, just four months after the Pearl Harbor attack, for the "first U.S. air raid to strike the Japanese islands in World War II," according to the website www.uss-hornet.org.
"We sailed down the East Coast and went through the Panama Canal. The crew was upset when there was no liberty in Panama," Meunier said.
The ship continued to the West Coast, past San Diego and San Francisco and under the Golden Gate Bridge on the way to Alameda Naval Air Station to load 16 B-25s, Meunier said.
"The orders (for the Doolittle raid mission) were (air) dropped to us when the ship was about 60 miles out to sea," Meunier said.
The details for the mission included launching the bombers about 400 miles from Japan because of the range capabilities of the aircraft. The aircraft carrier was escorted by six cruisers, Meunier said.
"We were about 600 miles away from Japan when we spotted a Japanese boat, which might have been a fishing boat. The (USS) Nashville fired 5-inch guns at the boat," Meunier said.
Meunier said although they were an additional 200 miles away from their target location, the officers decided to take off because of concern the Japanese boat might have sent messages about the carrier and the bombers aboard.
The website indicates that on April 18, 1942, "all 16 planes took off in about an hour."
After the bombing run, which caused "little damage" itself, American morale began to "soar" and Japanese Admiral Yamamoto was "provoked into a hastily organized strike against Midway Island that resulted in the loss of four fleet carriers, many sailors and a number of highly trained aircrews," the website states. Following the raid, 15 of the 16 planes headed for China. One was very low on fuel and aimed for Russia, according to the site. Three aircrew members were killed trying to land in China and eight were captured, with three executed and one succumbing to disease
"Most of the B-25 crews that came down in China made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians," the website notes.
Following the mission, Meunier served in the Pacific at Palmyra and Tulagi and completed his WWII service in September 1945. He went to college, where he met Juanita, and then pursued a career in the financial and cost analysis profession.
Meunier's family members, including his daughters Nancy Kane of Chicago and Barbara Schnizlein of Saint Paul, Minn., attended the 2012 USS Hornet reunion.
"I believe there were three of the original CV-8 crew members from World War II service at the reunion this year," Kane said.


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text: any one tried to replace the leather grip on the PS 85 , i need to know how does it play when you replace leather with a synthetic grip ? Any one got the specs after replacing the leather ? i believe it will reduce the weight of the racket by 0.5 oz , wht about swing weight and head balance ? thanks


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Hey everyone! You're friendly artist here, Dawn from DragoArt, and today we'll be learning "how to draw Brody from Brody's Ghost". I had fun drawing this character, and I bet you will too. If you haven't heard of Mark Crilley, he's a popular YouTube artist who made it big with his drawing videos and manga series. He recently released two episodes of "Brody's Ghost", which is fresh comic book series, published by Dark Horse. I checked out a few references of Brody on Google to see how his body and frame is drawn. I went ahead, and drew him for all the huge fans of Mark and Brody. "Drawing Brody" should be easy because of the very simplistic steps. Be sure to checkout my YouTube channel for the video on drawing Brody's Ghost. Anyways, I hope ya'll will enjoy this tut as much as I had creating it. Thanks a lot for viewing folks, and stay tuned for more 'shtuff'!
DragoArt members upload artwork and drawing tutorials! They are also allowed to leave comments on tutorials, profiles, etc. Many more features, as well; it's way better than just being a boring guest! Register Now!


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HOLDIN' OUT ... The Midpeninsula Media Center needs a hero — six, actually. The center, which produces videos and media online and on public-access channels in the Midpeninsula, is soliciting nominations for its 8th annual Local Heroes Awards. Six winners will be selected and short videos about their lives will appear on the local cable channels and on the Web. Know of a streetwise Hercules or a white knight on a fiery steed? It's pretty simple to get them nominated: Just send the center your name and contact information, your hero's name and contact information and a short description of why the person is deserving. Contact Louise Pencavel at email@example.com or 650-494-8686, ext. 36. The deadline to submit is Friday, Nov. 22.
COMMUNITY BENCHMARK ... The mouth of the San Francisquito Creek at the Palo Alto Baylands will soon have a new spot for Palo Altans to try to spot elusive clapper rails or take a break while recreating on the Bay Trail. Friends of Palo Alto Parks are donating a bench and dedicating it to former city councilman and mayor Alan Henderson. "We are pleased to sponsor this new bench in honor of Alan Henderson and his civic involvement. Friends of the Palo Alto Parks hope that this bench, which affords a wonderful view of the Baylands, will provide a quiet spot for relaxation to the many Baylands' visitors each year," said Friends of the Palo Alto Parks President Liz Hogan. Henderson, who served on the Palo Alto City Council from 1971 to 1975 and from 1977 to 1981 and was mayor from 1979 to 1981, now resides at the Sequoias in Portola Valley.
SOD BUSTERS ... Sudden Oak Death, a dreaded disease that has killed thousands of oak trees in California, is being closely monitored in Palo Alto thanks to the help of nonprofit group Canopy. In June, volunteers surveyed California bay trees, which are carriers of the disease. Volunteers took part in U.C. Berkeley's SOD Blitz, which found that sudden oak death exists north of Woodside and east and west of Interstate 280. Eradication attempts in Atherton appear to be effective but require further monitoring. In Los Altos Hills, sudden oak death has spread eastward, however. None is currently in the residential areas from Atherton to Mountain View, according to Canopy. A disease-treatment training workshop takes place on Jan. 9, 2014, at 10 a.m. at Foothills Park in Palo Alto. Contact Sue Welch at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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than you can say "Oh snap!", Sony unloaded a massive dose
of disrespect on the gaming
efforts of Apple's star iPhone. To be fair, Apple
started this fight, with Apple's senior marketing VP Phil
Schiller commenting that
the Nintendo DSi and Sony PSP "don't stack up against the iPod
touch".Sony, who typically is more worried about its
Japanese foe Nintendo than a fruity American company from Cupertino,
has at last responded and the rebuke is stinging. In
the video
spot a youngster Josh "kidding himself" Rose tries
to show off his iPhone look-alike playing "Lame Castle".
New Sony kid spokesperson Marcus "Deputy of Great Game Deals"
Rivers comments, "That ain't built for big boy games!
That's built for texting your grandma!"The cost of PSP
games? As the young Mr. Rivers puts it eloquently, "$9.99,
sucka!!"Of course not all PSP-3000 and PSP
Go titles come quite that cheap.
However, if Sony is making the case that its overall game title
quality has a bit edge on Apple, it might have a point there.
That's not to say that there aren't some great games on the iPhone
(Doom, Plants v. Zombies, Angry Birds, and Doodle Jump all come to
mind).While the "you got burned" factor of the
commercial is certainly high, Sony has to tread cautiously to make
sure their marketing rhetoric doesn't come off as overly defensive.
After all, with perhaps the least high profile announcements of the
big three console makers (Sony, Nintendo, and Microsoft) at
E3 this year, some may already be a bit skeptical of the Japanese
console-maker's claims.


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I am a crazy insane Harry Potter nerd. I love it, and if I didnt, I dont know what I would do with my life. Pathetic, I known. Oh well. I do have a live besides Harry Potter. I love other things; have a few very good friends. I watch loads of different shows, usually of the fantasy variety, such as Doctor Who, Supernatural, Ghost Whisperer, Heroes, and the like. I also love to write, and someday want to be a novelist, but first, I wish to be an Editor. As crazy as It sounds, I love editing things. Though, I dont know if I'm any good at it. I may change things a tad too much, but oh bloody well.
I have several fanfictions located at Siye.co.uk under the same penname as I have here. I can be found as Noideawhyismile at other sites, though, so yeah.
I cant stand idiotic people. I dont know why, but I just cant. People who act like idiots, or who dont know the simplest thing annoy the hell out of me. If they have a reason for not knowing things, thats a horse of a different colour, but if they just act, and sorry for the stereotype, blonde at all moments of their life, they need a life.
People who value looks over personality also get on my nerves.
I also cant stand people who make fun of other people because of a disability, looks, or just to be cruel. Theres this girl at my school who made fun of someone with a mental handicap, and I just wanted to slap her so hard. My sensitivity to this may be the fact that two of my friends have brothers with disabilities (Down Syndrome and Autism) and my dad works with disabled, and so does my sister. I just cant see how people can be sooo rude to others.
Anyway...off of my petpeeves.
I am active in a group called Cafe Symposium, and it is so fantastic! Its a philosophy group, and it is loads of fun. I love it, because i get to go and talk to people who are just amazing, and hear others opinions on anything and everything. Its amazing! My best friend is active with me, and we get to talk for like two hours about things that affect our lives; religion, love, ethics, and other kind of random subjects.
I cant think of anything else, so thats about it.
OH! Wait....
My ships for HP are:
Neville/Luna ( I have a conspiracy theory on the Canon version)
Tonks/Remus (They are not dead!)
Those are my preferred ships, but i will read others that dont consist of those. Save for Draco/Ginny and Harry/Hermione....EWWWWWWWW!
And Nev and Luna, to make me completely happy, must be together.
The HP Boy Marriage Quiz made by Sapphire.
98 percent of teenagers do or has tried smoking pot. If you're one of the 2 percent who hasn't, copy & paste this in your profile.
Weird is good, strange is bad, and odd is when you don't know which to call someone. Weird is the same as different, which is the same as unique,so weird is good. If you are weird and proud of it, copy this onto your profile!
92 percent of American teens would die if Abercombie and Fitch told them it was uncool to breathe. Copy this in your profile if you would be the 8 percent that would be laughing your head off.
If you think that those stupid kids should just give that God-forsaken Trix rabbit some Trix, copy this into your profile.
If Orlando Bloom said breathing was uncool, half the female population would die. If you think Orlando Bloom looks, acts, and sounds like a constipated ape, paste this into your profile.
Ninety-five percent of teenagers are concerned about being popular. If you are one of the five percent who aren't, copy this, put it in your profile, and add your name to the list: Queen S of Randomness 016, Queen B of Randomness 016, AnimieKittyCaffe, The Gypsy Pirate Queen, That Bloody Demon, The Astrology Nerd, Shadow929, Crazy Billie Joe Loving Freak, Yavie Aelienel, Hyperactively Bored, Spymaster E, Shanny-Boo, Gem W, Brown-eyed angelofmusic, piratesswriter/fairy to be, Bara-Minomoto, Em Quagmire, Buffy The Mary-Sue Slayer, Random Little Writer, SamanthaFantasyFan, EdwardAddict, Supergirrl, Elemental-ANimal, Mother Nature's Daughter, Schmerg_The_Impaler, GinnyMarie (Sometimes known as NoIdeaWhyISmile)


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No Live Foal Guarantees
Subconsciously, you've been holding your breath for months. From the moment your mare was confirmed in foal, it's been a tense waiting game. And although she will be foaling soon, you know a healthy foal is still anything but a given. Between breeding and her foaling date lurk a few dozen tragic ways in which she could lose her foal. Whether you call it "slipping a foal" or bluntly label it abortion, it's a breeder's most heart-sinking nightmare--and it's all too common.
Want to dodge the bullet? Knowing what could be a risk for your mare, and being able to recognize the warning signs, is half the battle. Following is a run-down of some of the most common ways in which a pregnancy can go wrong.
Nature can terminate a pregnancy for all sorts of reasons. If it happens early in the gestation cycle (in the first 40 days), the tiny embryo is usually expelled through the cervix without notice. According to A.C. Asbury, DVM, Dipl. ACT, Professor Emeritus of the University of Florida and consultant to the Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation, an embryo at seven to eight days is only about 0.04 inches (1 mm) in diameter; an embryo at 14 days is about 0.6 inches (15 mm) in diameter. If an embryo this small is slipped, then the owner would likely miss it, he says. Technically, this is called EED, for early embryonic death. EED can be caused by external factors including trauma, stress, or malnutrition; by physiological problems in the mare, such as a hormone deficiency or imbalance or a scarred uterus; by genetic defects in the embryo; or by more than one fetus vying for nutrients. The incidence of EED has been estimated at 5-24%, according to reproductive specialist Jonathan Pycock, BVetMed, PhD, DESM, MRCVS, RCVS, of Equine Reproductive Specialists in Yorkshire, England, and it's most likely to occur in the interval before pregnancy can be detected by ultrasound (before Day 11). If this is the case, the owner might never know that the mare "caught" at all.
Abortion is defined as the situation in which the mare actually delivers a non-viable foal, somewhere between 40 and 300 days. (After 300 days, a living foal which is delivered is premature, but it might have some chance of survival. A dead foal is generally known as a stillbirth). Fetal death can occur at any time during the pregnancy, although it often goes undetected if it happens prior to the four-month mark. Overall, the incidence of abortion in the general equine population is estimated at about 15%, although miniature horses are at higher risk (up to 27%), thanks to their susceptibility to inherited defects, according to Frosty Franklin, DVM, of Edgecliff Equine Hospital in Spokane, Wash.
A late-term abortion (in the last 100 days of the pregnancy) can come with warning signs, or with no signs at all. Breeders should watch mares closely for changes in abdominal shape (indicating an early "dropping" of the fetus as the pelvic muscles relax), premature udder development (sometimes including dripping milk), or vaginal discharge. Sometimes, the first indication of trouble is when you see shreds of placental tissue hanging from your mare's vulva; or a wet, bloody tail that indicates she has already slipped her foal.
Catching abortion before it happens isn't always possible, as the signs are often subtle (and by the time they're noticed, there's often nothing you can do). "There's often very little warning," confirms Terry Morley, DVM, who operates a Standardbred breeding operation near London, Ontario, Canada. "It can happen even to very experienced breeders who check their mares every day."
Abortion doesn't just dash your hopes for a healthy, happy foal. It can also be dangerous for the mother. A fetus which dies in utero is unable to position itself properly in the womb in preparation for birth, so the mare might struggle to expel it. In some cases, veterinary intervention is needed. Once the fetus is delivered, you'll have to make sure the placenta passes within three to four hours at most; if it doesn't, the mare is at serious risk of infection and laminitis.
Veterinarians have identified many causes of abortion, but most cases remain undiagnosed. Only about 40% of equine abortions are ever assigned a definite cause through laboratory analysis, says Bob Wright, DVM, of the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs' Animal Industry Branch in Ontario. If you're unlucky enough to have an aborted foal, it's important to submit it--and the placenta--to a laboratory as soon as possible for analysis, especially if you have other broodmares on the property. If the cause is infectious, you'll want to make management changes to protect other foals you're expecting. Even if it's noninfectious, a necropsy could provide you with valuable information to help you prevent a repeat tragedy.
It's important to keep in mind that stress, either physical (such as colic) or psychological (such as weaning the foal-at-foot or long-distance shipping), can predispose a mare to abortion. The security of a late-term pregnancy depends on many factors, including the health and vitality of the placenta, the integrity of its attachment to the uterus, the maintenance of the cervical seal, and the mare's blood pressure and blood oxygen saturation. The placenta is quite pivotal, as we'll see--and as the fetus grows, the demands placed on it, both to nourish and to efficiently eliminate wastes, multiply.
The Role of Progesterone
For the first two weeks of pregnancy, the hormones produced by the mare are the same as those she normally has when she is "open" and in diestrus (out of season). But that all changes around Day 14. In an open mare, the hormone called prostaglandin destroys the corpus luteum (CL, a secretory gland formed after ovulation from the tissues of the ruptured ovarian follicle). In a pregnant mare, the CL persists and continues to secrete progesterone, the hormone which prevents the mare from coming back into heat; tightens the seal of the cervix (the entrance to the uterus) to prevent infection; and causes the uterus to become increasingly vascular (blood-engorged) to help nourish the unborn foal.
Horses are fairly unique in terms of how progesterone continues to be secreted to maintain the pregnancy. In the base of the pregnant horn of the mare's uterus, distinctive, irregularly-shaped areas develop in a ring configuration; these are called the "endometrial cups," and they secrete a special hormone called equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), detectable in the bloodstream by about Day 37 of the pregnancy (and usually persisting until about Day 120 or more). Only a few other species are known to use this mechanism, including elephants and rhesus monkeys.
The role of eCG is to maintain and develop the CL beyond Day 37, and trigger further corpora lutea to develop (also called secondary or accessory CLs). Meanwhile, progesterone secreted by those CLs keeps the mare out of heat. Between Days 70 and 100, the endometrial cups start to shrink in size, and eventually detach from the uterine wall and slough off, while the placenta takes over the job of progesterone secretion. After the fourth or fifth month, progesterone levels gradually decline, until they reach a low of about 2 ng/mL by about Day 180 of the pregnancy. According to Mats Troedsson, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACT, service chief of the reproduction department and professor in the Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences at the University of Florida, progesterone continues to be produced by the fetal placental unit, but metabolizes quickly once it reaches the maternal circulation-- hence, the low detectable progesterone levels. The pregnancy still needs progesterone to be maintained. The role of metabolites, or building blocks of progesterone (if any), and the shift of them at the time of parturition is an area of sparse understanding.
Progesterone is critical for maintenance of an equine pregnancy, especially in the beginning stages, and it has been suggested that a progesterone deficiency might be responsible for many cases of EED or abortion. In theory, since the mare's system of progesterone production is more complex than in most species, there's a greater likelihood of something going wrong. The most likely explanation for a progesterone deficiency would be a malfunction of the corpus luteum, says Troedsson. However, very little research in this area has been completed (see article #3929 at www.TheHorse.com). Secondary luteal failure as a result of endotoxemia, which causes prostaglandin release and destruction of the CL, was demonstrated several years ago.
Because progesterone levels are so crucial to a healthy pregnancy, many veterinarians recommend the administration of extra progesterone in the form of the drug altrenogest (Regumate) as a preventive measure for mares which are suspected of being difficult to keep in foal. This therapy is something of a matter of debate, with some practitioners considering it a wise precaution, and others seeing it having questionable benefit.
Bob Boyce, DVM, who runs a busy reproductive practice at the Ilderton Equine Clinic in Ilderton, Ontario, Canada, notes that Regumate is usually administered for the first third of the pregnancy. After that, the mare can be gradually weaned off the drug, although in exceptional circumstances--such as a valuable mare with a history of habitual abortion--Boyce says the mare might be maintained on Regumate through almost her entire pregnancy. While administering the drug is inconvenient (it requires wearing gloves, and some mares resist their daily doses), it has no notable side-effects on either mare or foal, nor does it affect the mare's future fertility.
Troedsson says that up to day 80-100, the pregnancy is dependent on progesterone from the CL, and a healthy pregnancy could theoretically be lost because of an unrelated CL problem. After this time, however, the progesterone is produced by a viable fetus and placenta. If the fetal placental unit can't produce enough progesterone to maintain the pregnancy, the problem is usually beyond help with simple supplementation. However, he says there is some evidence that doubling the Regumate dose could help. He emphasizes that there is a lot of controversy and lack of knowledge about progesterone supplementation.
Regumate is not cheap, so the decision to use it should be carefully considered.
Infectious Abortion
Microscopic invaders are responsible for a large proportion of equine abortions, either as a direct effect or as an "aftershock" from a traumatic disease. Bacteria, such as Salmonella, Streptococcus, Actinobacillus, Corynebacterium, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas spp. (just to name a few of the bacteria known to trigger abortion in certain circumstances), can enter the reproductive tract of the mare during foaling or breeding, and travel to the uterus, where they infect the fetal membranes and kill the fetus. Viral causes of abortion are even more numerous. Here are the most important:
Equine Herpesvirus (EHV-1)--Formerly called rhinopneumonitis, EHV-1 has long been recognized as a major cause of "abortion storms" that can sweep through a broodmare band and cause losses approaching 100% of the fetuses with few or no warning signs, says Wright. These abortion storms can occur weeks or months after the mares are infected. It's only in the last couple of decades, though, that we've separated the strain of equine herpesvirus that triggers flu-like respiratory disease (EHV-4) from the strain that is primarily responsible for abortion (EHV-1). (EHV-4 can cause abortion, but it tends to trigger individual cases rather than storms.)
EHV-1 usually triggers abortion at seven to 10 months of gestation. On necropsy, a fetus aborted because of EHV-1 before six months of gestation will usually have widespread cell necrosis (death); older ones will demonstrate signs of jaundice, excess pleural fluid (fluid in the lung), pulmonary edema (fluid swelling), liver damage, and an enlarged spleen. The fetus and placenta are extremely infectious, so contact with other mares should be avoided so that the virus's spread is minimized.
While EHV-1 is one of the most significant viral forms of abortion, the good news is that it's largely preventable. New EHV-1 vaccines have a much higher efficacy rating than in the past, and they can be safely used to protect mares from the disease. Begin the vaccination series three to four weeks before your mare is bred, and give boosters at five, seven, and nine months of gestation for the best degree of protection, says Asbury. Some isolated cases of abortion can still occur in vaccinated mares, but it prevents abortion storms.
Leptospirosis--Nicknamed "lepto," this disease begins with transient flu-like symptoms (mild depression, loss of appetite, and a fever) that last about two to four days. These symptoms often go unnoticed if your mares are outside all the time. Up to four weeks later, abortion occurs, at just about any time in the second half of the pregnancy. (Necropsy reveals disease lesions scattered randomly over the placenta, leading to placentitis--which we'll discuss in a minute.) Occasionally, foals are born alive, but they are generally so weak that they quickly perish (though aggressive antibiotic therapy can sometimes save the day).
Leptospira bacteria are spread through urine (infected animals can shed the micro-organism for months after exposure) and indirectly through contaminated feed and water. Rodents are the major carriers, so it's essential to make feed containers rodent-proof and use barn cats to keep the vermin population low. Leptospira can also be transmitted from cattle and wild ruminants such as deer and elk. Wet environmental conditions seem to increase the risk.
There's little you can do to detect leptospirosis ahead of time; a rising lepto titer in the blood is diagnostic, but blood samples must be taken on a frequent basis to catch it. If you do happen to identify the disease, treating the mare with antibiotics such as penicillin might be successful in preventing abortion. It's crucial to isolate any mares which have aborted, and thoroughly disinfect their stalls and any equipment that has come in contact with them. Keep in mind that cattle vaccines are ineffective in horses.
Potomac Horse Fever (PHF)--Most of us know that Neorickettsia risticii (formerly known as Ehrlichia risticii), the causative organism of Potomac horse fever, generally triggers symptoms such as projectile diarrhea (resulting in severe dehydration). But N. risticii has also been identified as a cause of equine abortion on rare occasion, either by crossing the placenta and infecting the fetus, or by stressing the mare and causing the cervix to soften inappropriately so that the uterine environment becomes infected by an opportunistic organism. Pregnant mares which have had PHF are also at risk for retaining the placenta when they foal.
There is a vaccine designed to combat PHF, and many veterinarians recommend administering it to in-foal mares, although it doesn't provide 100% protection and some veterinarians are skeptical of using it.
Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)--This venereal disease, usually transmitted to the mare by a stallion, can cause clinical signs including a high fever, snotty nose, diarrhea, and edema of the legs and the ventral line of the abdomen. However, it might cause no visible signs at all. Certain strains of EVA are known to cause abortion one to three weeks after exposure (not weeks or months later as with most other viral forms of abortion). Since EVA can be spread through respiratory contact, it's essential to isolate affected horses. Only breed mares which are properly vaccinated and managed to stallions which are EVA carriers.
Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)--Taylorella equigenitalis, the highly contagious virus that causes CEM, is also transmitted sexually; infected mares are often asymptomatic. Sometimes a profuse, mucopurulent (containing mucus and pus) discharge from the vulva can be seen. Foals of CEM mares might be infected at birth; abortion isn't common with this disease, but it's possible if the infection is severe enough. Failure to get back in foal immediately can occur, but there's a good prognosis for future fertility. Prevention is the only way to dodge this bullet.
The Perils of Placentitis
By far, the most common cause of abortion, accounting for some 30% of diagnosed cases, is placentitis (inflammation of the placenta). Placental insufficiency is a wider term including both infectious and non-infectious conditions. When there's placental insufficiency, mares either abort or produce a growth-restricted baby which might never catch up with peers. Despite significant advances in herd health management over the past few decades, placentitis is something we haven't yet solved. Its incidence has not decreased, and it's still considered a major problem facing the breeding industry.
Placentitis is an individual condition; it usually doesn't sweep through a herd. Fortunately, mares which abort from placentitis rarely remain infected if correctly treated; they can usually be bred back soon after they slip a foal, and they still have a chance at a normal baby the following year.
Researchers have identified three main types of placentitis:
Cervical placentitis occurs when a bacterial or fungal infection enters at the cervical star (the point where the placenta contacts the cervix) and spreads anteriorly (forward), distorting the placenta's connection with the uterus and compromising its ability to nourish the fetus. Sometimes the infection (which can also enter the reproductive system through the bloodstream) infects the fetus by entering the placental circulation.
Diffuse placentitis is caused by a blood-borne agent such Leptospira. In diffuse placentitis, disease lesions appear randomly all over the surface of the placenta, compromising its ability to deliver nutrients and sweep away wastes from the fetus.
Placentitis occurring at the base of the placental horns usually has an unknown cause. Researchers suspect that the causative organism might enter through the cervix when the mare is bred. An organism that has not been fully classified, but appears to be similar to a bacterium called Nocardia (it's Gram-positive, spore-forming, and has branching rods), seems to be at the heart of this mysterious form of placentitis, which is on the rise in some parts of North America. Once established, the organism initiates partial placental separation from the uterus, depriving the fetus of nourishment; if the mare doesn't abort, the foal will be born a month or more premature, and it will be small and weak.
With nocardioform placentitis (often caused by Crossiella equi bacteria), the mare will often show premature mammary development (her udder will fill with milk). Since the infection starts at the base of a uterine horn and rarely involves the cervix, there's generally no cervical discharge. A transabdominal ultrasound can often detect the degree and severity of the infection; it will reveal placental separation and exudate on the ventral (lower) placental surface. Asbury says that post-foaling, the placenta looks markedly abnormal. Most changes are seen on the chorionic side of the membranes (the side which interfaces the uterus). The entire placenta might be thickened, or the problem might be localized. Dark brown to mud-colored exudates will appear on the surface of the placenta in the area affected by the inflammation. These exudates are typically thick, tenacious substances that cling to the placental wall.
The only good news about nocardioform placentitis is that mares tend to clear this organism from their systems quickly after abortion, and they rarely need antibiotic therapy. It also causes little reaction or scarring of the uterus. Because the mode of entry is suspected to be the cervix, there are a couple of surgical options which might reduce the risk--one is the traditional Caslick's operation, which sutures the upper part of the vulvar lips to help keep infection out, and the other is urethral extension, which brings the urethral opening closer to the vulvar lips to avoid urine entering the reproductive tract.
Forms of cervical placentitis can be diagnosed with a transrectal ultrasound, which allows your veterinarian to measure the thickness of the placenta. An increase in thickness indicates swelling and inflammation, which are possible tip-offs to an impending abortion. If you manage to detect placentitis in time, your veterinarian can place your mare on a regimen of antibiotics, progesterone, and uterine anti-contraction medications to try to prevent disaster. This routine, however, has mixed results. The outcome depends on the degree of placental insult, which is difficult to predict clinically, says Troedsson.
Non-Infectious Causes
Just as numerous as the viral and bacterial causes of abortion are the physical problems or defects that can make it impossible for a mare to maintain pregnancy. Simple glitches such as umbilical cord torsion (twists in the cord that cut off the flow of nutrients to the fetus) account for some fetal deaths, while congenital defects that make the unborn foal non-viable are responsible for an unknown number of others. (Severe fetal abnormalities are usually terminated early by Mother Nature, but some--such as lethal white syndrome in homozygous overo Paints--might be aborted late or even carried to term.)
The leading non-infectious cause of equine abortion is twinning, the scenario in which two fetuses are conceived and both manage to anchor themselves in the uterus. Horses are poorly adapted to support more than one embryo. Generally, the placenta just can't deliver enough nutrients to nourish both. The result is two undersized fetuses, neither of which survive to term--or one normal-sized foal and a weak runt with a poor chance of survival.
Because twin pregnancies have such a poor chance of success, most veterinarians recommend ultrasound exams of the uterus at about Day 11 to detect the presence of more than one embryo. Eliminating one twin by crushing or pinching it at 15 days is a simple procedure that can be done at the farm. The remaining embryo will then grow to term as a normal, full-sized foal. If pinching isn't done, the mare's system might eliminate one embryo naturally, but if that doesn't happen by about 35 days or so, chances are she'll abort both fetuses sometime in mid- to late gestation.
The incidence of twinning varies quite a bit from breed to breed, with larger mares (Thoroughbreds and draft breeds, in particular) at greater risk than smaller ones. It's almost unheard of in most pony breeds.
After the 42-day mark, breeders can generally breathe a little more easily if the ultrasounds confirm a single, healthy embryo. Periodic monitoring, either with ultrasound or manual palpation, doesn't hurt. Boyce likes to re-check mares at about 60 days, once later in the fall, and at least once during the winter.
"The period between 21 and 42 days is the highest-risk time for early embryonic mortality," he says.
Premature separation of the placenta is a typical finding in mares that are in the process of abortion, and in the occasional full-term delivery, says Asbury. The interface between uterus and placenta is made up of thousands of minute junctions, called microcotyledons (see "Placental Attachment" on page 31). Each one is a site for exchange of nutrients and oxygen moving from mare to fetus. In a normal delivery, the placenta ruptures at the cervix, allowing the foal to exit the birth canal, while the majority of the attachments remain in place throughout the birth process and beyond. The subsequent release of the connections allows the placenta to be delivered.
When separation occurs prematurely, the fetus is deprived of oxygen and will survive for only a short period, whether delivered or not. If the foal is near maturity, detecting placental separation might help you save the foal by expediting delivery. A typical example is the "red bag" delivery. In this situation, the placenta separates away from the uterus in the region of the cervix. That results in intact membranes being delivered without rupturing and allowing release of the foal. If this separation is recognized early, the membranes can be cut or otherwise opened to release the foal.
Placental separation precedes abortion and can be recognized by ultrasound examination of the junction between the uterus and placenta in the area just in front of the cervix. If the process is progressing, there might be a noticeable discharge from the vulva, or rarely, evidence of bleeding.
Other causes of abortion exist--such as ingestion of toxic plants, malnourishment, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, and overdosing on certain medications. And, as is the case with mare reproductive loss syndrome in 2001 and 2002 in Ohio, Kentucky, and surrounding states, sometimes the cause of abortion is not fully understood.
Even if you watch your broodmare every second, you can't protect her from all of the possible invaders in her environment, and from within. Like breeders everywhere, all you can do is take every sensible precaution, ensure she's in the best possible health when you start the breeding process, feed her properly, give her proper veterinary care, and cross your fingers. Here's to a healthy foal.
See the Abortion, Embryonic Death, Mare Reproductive Loss (MRLS), and Mare Care/Problems sections under Breeding/Reproduction at www.TheHorse.com.
About the Author
Karen Briggs
Karen Briggs is the author of six books, including the recently updated Understanding Equine Nutrition as well as Understanding The Pony, both published by Eclipse Press. She's written a few thousand articles on subjects ranging from guttural pouch infections to how to compost your manure. She is also a Canadian certified riding coach, an equine nutritionist, and works in media relations for the harness racing industry. She lives with her band of off-the-track Thoroughbreds on a farm near Guelph, Ontario, and dabbles in eventing.
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Shia LaBeouf Quits Broadway Play After 'Disagreeable Situation' With Alec Baldwin
Shia LaBeouf recently walked out of what was going to be his Broadway debut, a play called 'Orphans' co-starring Alec Baldwin. While producers say he left due to "creative differences," LaBeouf is painting a different picture on Twitter, trying to prove through email screenshots that … well, we're not entirely sure what he's trying to prove here.
Using a series of confusing emails that read more like poems than coherent thoughts, LaBeouf seems to hint that a disagreement with Baldwin may have been the true cause of his abrupt departure a mere week into rehearsals.
But then in an apology email to cast and crew, he lists out the definition of a man (words later discovered to be part of an article lifted from Esquire magazine) and says Baldwin is all those things, adding, "Alec, I'm sorry for my part of a disagreeable situation."
creative differences twitter.com/thecampaignboo…
— Shia LaBeouf (@thecampaignbook) February 20, 2013
LaBeouf also shared an email between himself and Baldwin, in which Baldwin admits stuff happens and promises there is no bad blood between them.
"acting has become a profession of the genteel class" – David Mamet twitter.com/thecampaignboo…
— Shia LaBeouf (@thecampaignbook) February 20, 2013
Shia also made sure to share another email in which a second co-star, Tom Sturridge, praises LaBeouf's acting and tell him he elevated the play. (Strange how the only private emails being shared are ones that tell Shia how amazing he is.)
Depth of friendship does not depend on length of acquaintance.Tom = good dude – good actor. twitter.com/thecampaignboo…
— Shia LaBeouf (@thecampaignbook) February 21, 2013
Despite Shia's email evidence, two sources close to the play and the producers are still saying he didn't have the same vision as the director and it ultimately caused him to bow out.
"He was really into it, but at the end of the day he and the director had very different visions of what his character was like," an insider said. "And, unfortunately, they couldn't resolve those differences."
Director Daniel Sullivan was apparently concerned where LaBeouf was taking the role and about his "performance choices," but Shia did nothing with his notes and instead refused to change what he was doing.
The irony is that had Shia said nothing about any of this, most people wouldn't have even known about it. He's really done himself no favors here.
But one thing we have learned? If you have something private to say to Shia LaBeouf, don't ever do it in an email.


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Susan Jones
CNS News
August 14, 2013
At a joint news conference with his Brazilian counterpart on Tuesday, Secretary of State John Kerry praised Brazil for its commitment to climate change initiatives, and he promised that the Obama administration also is determined to do something about it.
"So the challenge is ahead of us, for all of us, and I know that the United States has a great commitment under President Obama to take our own initiatives, not even to wait for congressional action, but to move administratively in order to do our part. I know we can continue to work with Brazil on this issue of climate, and we look forward to doing so."
President Obama repeatedly has said he won't wait for Congress to act — on jobs, recess appointments, immigration, gun control, and other issues — where "we can act administratively without additional congressional authorization, and just get it done," as he said in October 2011.
Congressional Republicans have done little more than complain about the president exceeding his constitutional authority. One of the most vocal critics is Kentucky Republican Sen. Rand Paul, who told Fox News on Monday that he agrees with those who say that Republicans should sue the president to check his executive overreach.
This article was posted: Wednesday, August 14, 2013 at 11:01 am


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Great vid. Maria tweeted that she had multiple orgasms doing this scene with Danny, and it shows.
his name is Danny and how do you no
WTG Amber. I love watching this video. I enjoy porn. Sometimes I watch with my bf, sometimes I watch alone, either way it makes me very horny. I like watching the girls get licked. I LOVE to be licked by a guy or a girl, it doesnt matter to me. And then to be fucked HARD. Sex should be fun, sometimes soft and slow is good, but other times I want it hard and fast until I just fall exhausted on the bed.
I wish that girl would shut up. Other than that it's pretty good.
nuu sex gootn plasr nukn
well said
At 15:21 Did she fart? LMAO
Marie McCray I believe
Hey tina wanna fuck?
"This reminds me of my grandmother's arse" ahahaha priceless
Marie McCray
Jesus fucking christ he's hot - came three times watching this before he even fucked her, prime example of British beef, what IS his name??!
This is REAL sex. When both love it! Not fake sex when men and women act like robots.
she is seriously annoying, he was fucking hot! she sucks, despite being pretty...eh, she was okay. He was great. Please don't waste that hot cock on this chick ..
@Clarp3 You are an idiot. "Wait a minute! Someone else is masturbating to this video too? And it's a girl!?!?? That's not fair!" Why would a big man like yourself be annoyed by horny women? I'm really glad women get horny and I have no problem hearing them talk about it. Welcome to the 21st century: women like sex too.
Shut up ffs..!
I want to gobble that knob before he pounds my ass into submission
Anyone wanna fuck with me
i want anal sex
nice girl, nice pussy!
wanna fuck her
... and the house is really nice too! :)
my cock is biger than that, i had that size when i was 14!!! no joke!
She has a beautiful pussy. Beautiful women period.
that guy is so fucking hot.. ooh, i want him to fuck me..
Süsse kleine Maus
Eine süsse kleine Maus
Sure the actress doesn't have a clue what the artwork is made of in the 2 bigger ones.
Maria is in hot soup
Yes I do
Heels off babe
c est trop bien
So yummy
both fucked well
Wow she screamed a lot and hard!!!
She cant take it deep throat ......!
Danny Mountain, huh? This guy definitely knows how to fuck
Is that a real British accent?
i am British TRUST ME no one speaks like that, not even the Queen
no ...but its almost similar ......
She would be quite fuckable -- I would like to cum in her.
he could cum and fuck me anyway he wanted
so sexy getting me wet and i love that guy big dick i need that mewo
she can suck some dick
Yeah Betty I have an offer right here baby. Will 8 inches long 6.5 around do?
i want me a white man wit a big cock
are you asian?
i want you every day more
wow this good
WoW .............. Verey GooD
Whore: the supreme manifestation of femininity
i just want a big cock like that, im so horny!!!!!
mmmmmmm wow....he's amazing and beautiful to watch..lucky girl ;)
He fucked her the way she deserved, but she shouldn't have put any of her paintings in the gallery for the way she wasted that cum at the end!!
Tina..You and your bf do the same as me and mine. We love to lick and suck each other after he has cum inside me and just get into a 69 to enjoy the pleasures of oral after a good fuck.
I also agree with Alice. I love to be licked any time, before, during and especially after sex. When my bf cums inside me, it almost always makes me cum and then when he pulls out and goes down on me after he has cum inside me drives me crazy. I almost climb the walls until I just cant stand it anymore and beg him to stop or at least take a break so I can catch my breath. I get wet just thinking about it.
love it when my bf pulls out and goes down on me like 30:46, makes me cum like a fountain.
Tina...we agree with each other, good to get support from another randy girl
her double orgasm was fantastic every single muscle in her body was twitching good to see an actor get stuck into female come for a change she is gorgeous when she comes i love her xxxxxx
@ Clarp3 Whats wrong with girls watching porn? Girls get horny too. I love to watch porn when I get horny and masturbate to a gorgeous cock fucking a pretty girl and this video had them both. Sometimes my bf and I even watch together. I love to get on top of my bf and bounce on his big cock or let him fuck me hard doggy style so I can feel his balls banging against me. And my bf also loves to listen to me scream (although I dont do it much) and moan and talk dirty to him, which I do if Im really horny.
What the hell is up with all the horny girls on this page commenting on this video? For christ sake, porn was invented for horny men, not women. On another note (and lets discuss this instead..!), that girl is immensely hot, and to an earlier dude who posited that she screams too much: Wow, that's all I've got to say. How can anyone not like the awesome screaming? For me, porn is 50 % visual and 50 % audio because the screaming makes me horny. Period. Don't complain about the screaming - there can't be too much of it, only too little! And she IS immensely hot. Period two. Ciao.
For those who know about Eva Angelina.. This is her husband.
Love to cover that gorgeous gal in my quart of thick hot white Cumm.
if i were him im goona fuck her anal
i want to sex that girl the body the pussy its good i want to fuck her pussy and ass .. Good Performance yeah! Someday im gonna rock ur world and 4 your ass baby
OMG thassss gutt
come on thx ;-)
this is so hot i wish i was the one been fucked
fuck this is so amazing!!!
Enjoy with the sound off.
hahah, art galleries...
i miss your cock honey!
I love the cock and the accent. ha ha ha. i wish i was the one sucking that cock.
jesus christ this guy is sexy as fuuuuck. he made me cum and i wasnt even touching myself. god damn!
i love this guy as well as his huge cock! aaaaaaaa!
luv dis porn
whats his name?? he is so hot!!
I think she is so gorgeous! Who is she?
They're pretty hot... and I want this house!
amazing video and the guy is incredibly HOT!!!!
I love this man, he's British perfection! He's gorgeous, he should try his luck in Hollywood, porn is fun but he's too gorgeous. The girl is nice, but a little bit annoying.
This is one boring ass broad and she's not that cute. This has to be the chick a certain comedian was talking about, she makes more money by collecting tin cans and bottles.
Love it when porn is like comedy- and "bloody" hot also :)
he looks like jamie oliver lol
who can give me such a cock.. fuck me
What an as, I want to fuck her doggy
"I... hate apples. And as you can see.. this is an apple" Lol.
LOL twisties art gallery in London
The girl is beautiful and the guy is HOT! But can she just shut up a lil' bit?Her voice is so damn annoying,she just scream too loud! Except that it was such a nice fuck with a long huge dick!!!!
my cock is big... who wants it
oh fuckin' hell!! HE IS HOT!!!!!!!! I wanna fuck him so bad!!
if only every thing was tht easy! have a interview for a gob, have a good fuck, get the job!
She didnt kno wut she was doin I would have fucked him better....he has a very nice dick...plus my pussy would have been wetter....lol
ich will sie ficken
shittt!! O_o i love his BRITISH DICK!! AND HE IS SWEATING SOOO HOT!!
beautiful girl, beautiful butt, beautiful fuck.....she could bounce on my dick anytime.....
I laughed when the guy said, "angry banana".. you can tell the girl tried so hard not to bust out laughing...
I love his accent...
ouh, he spills it over the couch =O :D!
that was depressing but funny,so to all aspiring artists,if ur arts not good enough just fuck the curator."grandmas ass"lmao
that huys actually a good actor,i forgot it was porn for a bit
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The memories of Brakes' bleak mid-winter are laying the foundations for this season's title charge.
An 11-game winless sequence through January and February ultimately sunk Leamington's play-off push last season, with Paul Holleran's side finishing three points adrift of the top five.
And despite Brakes currently being in the midst of a 25-match unbeaten league run, Holleran says that spell is a constant reminder of what could happen should standards fall.
"Last season was a big learning curve for us," said Holleran.
"It happened at Leamington and I've experienced it before at Halesowen. We were top of the Southern League and in the first round of the FA Cup and by the end of the season we hadn't even made the play-offs.
"At the moment we've got the momentum and feel-good factor but there is so little between the sides in this league that that can soon change.
"The big thing is that while we are on the run we've got to keep it going and get as many points as we can."
Brakes extended their advantage over third-placed St Neots to five points with a comprehensive 3-0 win over their Cambridgeshire visitors last Saturday, bringing up their seventh clean sheet of the campaign in the process.
And having conceded just nine goals from their opening 13 league games, Holleran was keen to praise the contribution of Liam Daly who has been a tower of strength since his return from Barwell.
"We emphasise a lot with the players the importance of focus and concentration," said Holleran.
"For instance, Liam Daly's performances - the biggest difference is his concentration and focus.
"He's not got involved in things when he's not needed to and when he does that he's the best centre-half in non-league football. He's been a revelation."
Holleran was also delighted to be able to give some of his fringe players a run out in Tuesday's night's Red Insure Cup win at Stourbridge and rather than seeing it as a distraction, welcomed the chance to make progress in the oft-maligned competition.
"We deserved to win on balance and we're using the cup competition to keep players involved.
"Lee Moore did very well and got 90 minutes under his belt and it was good to progress.
"Hopefully, we'll get a home draw in the next round."
Brakes visit Weymouth tomorrow with slight doubts hanging over the fitness of Stephan Morley, Lee Chilton and Liam Daly.
Craig Owen is definitely out, while Dean Perrow is expected to move out on a dual registration deal as he embarks on the next stage of his comeback from injury.
Holleran has strengthened his goalkeeping options by signing Brackley Town's Laurie Walker on a dual registration.
Walker made his debut at Stourbridge on Tuesday evening.
"It was on my mind to get another really good goalie on the books," said Holleran.
"Jon Brady is fortunate to have two good keepers at that level and while Laurie is number two to Billy Turley, if we need him we can have him.
"It's a good bit of business."


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Extracts from the Jul 2013 Journal
Internment in Australia
Most of our readers in Britain will be broadly familiar with the topography of the internment camps on the Isle of Man, where 'enemy aliens', including many thousands of Jewish refugees from Hitler, were detained by the British government in 1940. The names of camps such as Central Promenade, Hutchinson, Sefton, Onchan, Ramsey (Mooragh), Rushen (the women's camp comprising Port Erin and Port St Mary) and Peveril have passed into the collective memory of the refugee community. Apart from Peveril, which was in Peel on the west coast of the island, Rushen in the south-west and Ramsey in the north, they were situated in or near Douglas, on the east coast, and still conjure up images of groups of boarding houses hastily requisitioned for wartime duties. The family camp, set up later within the women's camp, was located in Port St Erin and included the resplendently named Ballaqueeny, the largest single boarding house on the island.
Not content with interning Jewish refugees as potential German agents, the British government also deported several thousand entirely blameless refugees overseas. The largest contingent was sent to Canada. Four ships carrying them left Britain for Canada: the Duchess of York, which sailed from Liverpool on 21 June 1940, the Arandora Star, which left on 1 July and achieved a sad fame when it was sunk the next day by a German submarine with the loss of several hundred lives, the Ettrick, which left a few days later, carrying internees who ended up in Sherbrooke Camp in southern Quebec, and the Sobieski, whose internees were accommodated at Fredericton in New Brunswick.
The sinking of the Arandora Star sparked a public revulsion against the internment of refugees from Nazism and contributed to a change in government policy towards the refugees and the ending of both their internment and their deportation overseas. By then, some 4,400 'enemy aliens', all men, had been transported to Canada. Frederick G. Cohn's novel A Lucid Interval (1999), a work of fiction based on actual experience, tells the story of two young brothers, Jews from Germany, who made a perilous escape to Britain via Lithuania and were reunited with their parents in 1940, only to be arrested and deported to Canada. It is one of a number of books that convey vividly the conditions prevailing in the Canadian camps and the emotional and psychological effects on the inmates of confinement under harsh conditions at a remote location in an unfamiliar land.
Though there was only one ship that took internees from Britain to Australia, the notorious troopship Dunera, which left Liverpool on 10 July 1940 with some 2,500 men on board, the story of those deported to Australia has attracted more attention than its Canadian counterpart. The wartime deportees arguably made less of an impact on the existing Jewish community in Canada and on Canadian society in general than was the case in Australia; the influx of a group of highly cultured, skilled and educated immigrants had a disproportionately large effect on Australian society, which was in 1940 still developing a sense of its own independent, post-colonial culture.
In Canada, there are few reminders of the deportees. By contrast, the prominent Australian writer and journalist Cyril Pearl, a Jew, wrote a book about the deportees, The Dunera Scandal (1983), and in 1985 the film The Dunera Boys, starring the big-name actor Bob Hoskins, was broadcast on Australian television. Though the disaster that struck the Canada-bound Arandora Star has ensured that its name has remained alive in the memory of the community of Jewish refugees from Hitler in Britain and beyond – the Austrian author Norbert Gstrein used it in his novel Die englischen Jahre (The English Years) (1999) – it is the Dunera whose name is most commonly associated with the deportations of 1940. That is probably on account of the appalling conditions that prevailed on board ship and the scandalous mistreatment to which the refugee deportees were subjected by the British troops guarding them. Anton Walter Freud, a grandson of Sigmund Freud who later joined the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and was dropped by parachute into Austria in the last phase of the war, and Ken Ambrose, founder of the AJR's South London group, left vivid accounts of their time on the Dunera for the Continental Britons exhibition (2002, funded by the AJR).
Less well known in Britain are the details of the internment camps to which the deportees on the Dunera were sent after their bedraggled arrival in Australia following eight long weeks at sea. However, since the 1970s the Melbourne-based Dunera Association has been dedicated to preserving the memory of the deportees, to researching and recording their history and to maintaining contact between the surviving former deportees as well as their descendants. Since 1984 the Association has published the Dunera News, which in March 2013 reached its 87th number and which contains a great deal of information about the two principal camps to which the deportees were sent. I am indebted for much of the following detail to this publication and to the Austrian scholar Professor Elisabeth Lebensaft, who recently visited Australia to research the Austrians among the 'Dunera Boys'; the resulting paper, written with Christine Kanzler, is entitled '"It's a Story You Will Never Forget": Auf den Spuren österreichischer Dunera Boys in Australien' (On the Trail of Austrian Dunera Boys in Australia).
The Dunera reached Sydney on 6 September 1940. From there, most of the deportees were taken by train to Hay, in the Riverina district of New South Wales, deep in the remote Australian outback, where they were housed in two camps (the third held Italian internees). Conditions in the isolated, semi-desert location were primitive and debilitating and the detainees suffered from heat, insect parasites and the sand that was continually blown into the huts accommodating them. The artist Johannes Matthäus Koelz, a political refugee from Hitler, recorded their arrival at Hay station: [more...]
Claims Conference reaches agreement with German Government
The Claims Conference has successfully negotiated an agreement with the German Government which, taken together with the amount previously agreed upon, will provide approximately $1 billion over the four-year-period 2014-17 for homecare for Jewish Nazi victims, with the annual amount increasing each year through 2017. [more...]
AJR plaque unveiled in honour of Sir Hans Krebs
The first AJR plaque, commemorating the life of Professor Sir Hans Krebs, has been unveiled at a ceremony at the Department of Biochemistry in Oxford.
Members of the Krebs family were joined by guests from various science departments in Oxford, representatives of the AJR, and members of the Oxford Jewish community.
Barred by the Nazis from practising medicine, Sir Hans fled from Germany to Britain in 1933. In 1953 he was awarded, jointly with another German-Jewish refugee, Fritz Lipmann, a Nobel Prize for his work on what is now known as the 'Krebs cycle', a cycle of biochemical reactions that converts harmful ammonia to urea. In 1958 he was knighted.
In 1965 Sir Hans had the honour of handing over to Lord Robbins, President of the British Academy, the proceeds of the Thank-You Britain Fund, an endowment collected by the refugees in gratitude to their adopted homeland.
One of Sir Hans Krebs's sons, Lord John Krebs, unveiled the plaque and spoke about his father's gratitude to those who had helped him settle in England. Lord Krebs, who is a zoologist and Principal of Jesus College Oxford, said he was honoured to be asked to unveil the plaque recognising his father's contribution to science.
Frank Harding, a Trustee of the AJR, told those present that Sir Hans and other refugees had made a tremendous impact across a wide range of fields in the UK. He regarded the commemorative plaque as a follow-up from the Thank-You Britain Fund.
The AJR is hopeful that its next plaque will be in honour of 'the father of the Paralympics', Sir Ludwig Guttmann, and will be situated at the entrance to the National Spinal Injury Centre next to Stoke Mandeville Hospital. The possibility of placing a plaque on what was the Cosmo restaurant, now the Eriki, near Swiss Cottage in London, is also being discussed. [link]
Art Notes (review)
'Saints Alive and Kicking' might be an alternative title to the National Gallery's Michael Landy: Saints Alive (until 24 November 2013). This exhibition challenges the holier-than-thou images of saints in the Renaissance paintings Landy trawled as a newcomer to the National Gallery to present us with the awfulness they actually experienced. He also trawled junkyards, car boot sales and flea markets for the ironmongery needed to build massive, three-dimensional images of the sublime paintings he had seen.
So, as you enter the room, you are confronted by the skyscraper-tall legendary figure of St Apollonia based on a painting by Lucas Cranach the Elder. The blonde and beatific saint in her red corrugated dress shudders like a haulage truck as you pass - as well she might, having had all her teeth pulled out!
Next - to the scholarly hermit St Jerome, whose appetite for pain led him to beat himself with a rock to banish 'impure' sexual thoughts. Landy has based him on three fifteenth-century paintings in the main galleries to create a headless figure whose torso ends in a mass of ironmongery above a single leg; with a gigantic thud a disembodied hand throws a rock at him. There's a wooden St Catherine's wheel - on which Catherine didn't die because it was destroyed by an angel - but Landy lets you crank it into noisy action yourself. When she was finally executed with a sword it's said that milk, not blood, flowed from her body. Ironically for its subject matter, this show is entirely bloodless.
The pièce de résistance is the Multi-Saint, based on four fifteenth-century martyrs who all died in horrific ways. This saintly amalgam stands with a pitchfork trampling on a green devil with webbed hands. I didn't wait to hear the noise it emitted. I was reminded of Jacob Epstein's poignant Rock Drill, in which the figure stands astride a mechanical drill mounted on a tripod. It was meant to convey fears of a dehumanised, mechanised society. Epstein said the piece possessed no humanity. The problem with this show - amusing and innovative in its way - is that by rendering his saints so large, Michael Landy has actually diminished them. There is no humanity here at all.
But R. B. Kitaj - Obsessions at the Jewish Museum is awash with humanity and sensitivity. The American modernist Kitaj spent 40 years in Britain describing himself as a diasporist, which defines his obsession with Jewish identity and the Holocaust. Kitaj uses primary colours to convey both the bustle and the quiet spaces in human existence. In The Wedding, the bridal couple are profiled facing the ceremony but you think the quiet, tiny figure in white left of centre is the bride. She is actually his adopted daughter Dominie. Less garishly, The Listener (charcoal and pastel) conveys the narrative of the Holocaust, crouching underground fearing discovery, while his alter ego reads in the sunlight. Kitaj depicts Holocaust refugees as alienated, crazy characters and victims as disembodied Jewish heads bounded with crosses and chimney shapes.
An act of painstaking research (review)
Although many books have been written about the lives of people affected by the Holocaust, each one records a different story and there are distinct circumstances and reasons for embarking on the writing. In this remarkable book, Susan Soyinka initially places the emphasis on why she felt obliged to write the story of her family and on how she spent some 18 years delving into records and painstakingly piecing it together. [more...]
Letter from Israel:
Yitzhak Rabin, who served as prime minister of Israel during two separate periods - 1974-77 and 1992-95 - was a figure who towered over his generation. The first native Israeli ('sabra') to serve in that office, he was assassinated by an extremist right-wing Jew in November 1995 at the conclusion of a peace rally in Tel Aviv.
But the bare facts of Rabin's life hold a deeper meaning because he seems to epitomise the history and ethos of modern Israel. Consequently, when I was invited to participate in a group visit to the Rabin Centre in Tel Aviv I agreed to go.
I was pleasantly surprised to find that behind the unassuming façade of the building that bears Rabin's name lies a treasure-trove of information about Israel's society and history that no other institution in Israel can match.
In my duties at the Information Desk of the Israel Museum I am sometimes asked by visitors from abroad whether there is any exhibition concerning the history of the State of Israel: I must admit that in the past I have found it difficult to come up with a satisfactory answer. But now I know where to send them - to the Rabin Centre.
Rabin, who grew up in Tel Aviv, was born in 1922 to parents who were among the first Zionists to immigrate to Israel from Russia. In 1941 he joined the Palmach, rapidly rising to senior rank within the organisation that eventually formed the basis of the IDF. During the War of Independence, in 1948, Rabin fought valiantly as the commander of the Harel Brigade, leading his unit into battle and securing the road to Jerusalem. He also participated in the armistice talks with Egypt held on Rhodes.
His military career culminated in his appointment as chief of staff in 1964 and it was under his command that Israel's forces defeated the combined armies of Egypt, Jordan and Syria in 1967 in the Six Day War. Rabin was one of the first Israelis to visit Jerusalem's Old City and the liberated Mount Scopus campus of the Hebrew University.
Upon his retirement from the IDF in 1968, Rabin was appointed Israel's ambassador to the US and was instrumental in obtaining the sale to Israel of advanced weaponry. During the Yom Kippur War of 1973 he acted in an advisory capacity and was later elected to the Knesset for the Labour Party. Following the elections that unseated Golda Meir's government he became prime minister. During that term Israeli forces executed the spectacular rescue of the passengers of a plane that had been hijacked by Palestinian terrorists and flown to Idi Amin's Uganda.
The exhibition at the Rabin Centre tracks all these historic events as well as showing aspects of contemporary life in Israel and the world, even displaying a pack of the cigarettes that Rabin chain-smoked all his life. Rabin's actual study is also on display and it is interesting to see his taste in literature and his considerable collection of art books.
Rabin resigned from office in 1977 as a result of the revelation that his wife had retained their dollar account in the US (this was illegal for Israeli citizens at the time). In the subsequent elections Menachem Begin's Likud Party came to power and Rabin remained a Knesset member and minister of defence from 1984 to 1990.
The longstanding rivalry between Rabin and Shimon Peres concluded with Rabin's election as leader of the Labour Party in 1992 and victory in the elections that year. Rabin became prime minister again and acted to attain the Oslo Accords recognising the Palestinian Authority. For that he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize but he also became the object of criticism and vilification within Israel by those who opposed him.
By a supreme irony it was at the mass rally held in Tel Aviv to express support for the Oslo Accords and condemn violence that Rabin was assassinated. The anniversary of his death, 4 November 1995, is commemorated in Israel. Many sites and monuments throughout the country bear his name but it is the Rabin Centre, also known as the Israeli Museum, that provides the most fitting memorial.


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New addition Roenicke arrives at camp
By Bill Ladson / MLB.com
VIERA, Fla. -- Right-hander Josh Roenicke -- who also happens to be Ian Desmond's brother-in-law -- was in Nationals camp Saturday. It comes a day after he signed a Minor League deal with the club.
Roenicke said he had contact with the Nationals earlier this offseason, but then communication stopped as Spring Training was getting closer. But Roenicke heard from the Nationals two days ago and decided to join the team. It helped that Desmond played a role in getting Roenicke signed.
"It's good to join a competitor. They can win it all, so I'm excited," Roenicke said.
Last year, Roenicke was solid for most of last season with the Twins. As of Sept. 3, he had a 2.91 ERA, but he then allowed 12 earned runs in his final 6 1/3 innings and saw his ERA climb to 4.35.
"I was having a great five months and I had a rough one in September. You really can't do that late in the season. It probably cost me my job, now that I think about it," Roenicke said.
Strasburg sets sights on propelling Nats to title
VIERA, Fla. -- On Saturday, right-hander Stephen Strasburg said helping the Nationals win the World Series is his top priority.
Strasburg is looking to appear in the postseason for the first time in his career. In 2012, after the Nationals won their first National League East title, Strasburg was on an innings limit and was left off the playoff roster because of the Tommy John surgery he had in 2010. Strasburg won 15 games in '12 and had a 3.16 ERA and 197 strikeouts in 159 1/3 innings.
"[Winning the World Series is] the most important thing to me, however long it takes. Not just get to the World Series, but winning it," Strasburg said. "I'm not going sit here and say that it is going to happen this year or the next year. But that is the ultimate goal."
Asked two years later if it bothered him that he couldn't help the Nationals in the 2012 NL Division Series, Strasburg said, "You really can't control what happened -- even if I was in there. At the time, I felt I didn't feel part of the team. I helped get them there and it felt the rug got pulled out [from under me]. It was tough to swallow. I think the way I reacted to it was, 'OK, it's something I did. I have to get better doing this. I got myself out of whack [the last few starts of that season]. I wasn't being myself. I was trying to be so much bigger. I was trying to be perfect. I think if you go out there and stay true to yourself ... it's so much easier to live with yourself with what happens."
Harper expected to be 'full go' for Spring Training
VIERA, Fla. -- Manager Matt Williams said outfielder Bryce Harper is expected to be ready for Spring Training. Harper underwent offseason surgery to repair the bursa in his left knee. Harper hurt the knee on May 13, when he slammed into the right-field wall at Dodger Stadium.
"As far as I know, he is full go for Spring Training. We are going to monitor him, though," Williams said. "We are going to see how his knee reacts. … We'll monitor him every day. If we see anything that is bothering him, we'll modify his program, first. And if we have to hold him out a day, we hold him out a day to make sure he is ready to go. Right now, he is full go."
At NatsFest, Harper said he wanted to spend a lot of time in Spring Training strengthening his lower body and making sure he doesn't rush the process.
"It's all about how I feel in rehab and how I feel that day," Harper said in January. "If I'm not feeling very well, if the knee's not reacting very well, then I'll take a day off and see where I'm at the next day."
Ex-Nat Hernandez to serve various roles in camp
VIERA, Fla. -- Former Nationals right-hander Livan Hernandez was in camp Saturday and will have various roles with the team, according to manager Matt Williams.
On Saturday, for example, Hernandez watched the pitchers have their bullpen sessions. He will also work with the pitchers on fielding, bunting and holding runners.
"I look at Livo as a shortstop in a pitcher's body. He could hit. You put him out at shortstop and he could play it," Williams said. "So I want him to bring that expertise. … He was a thinking man's pitcher, right? If we could take guys that have 97-mile-an-hour fastballs and get them to be a little more of a thinking man's pitcher, imagine what they could be in every aspect."
Hernandez will also serve as an ambassador for the organization, Williams said. Hernandez, 38, is arguably the most popular pitcher in Nationals history. He was a workhorse during his time with the Expos and Nats. He was often among the league leaders in innings pitched and was considered the leader of the staff. Hernandez also has the distinction of throwing the first pitch in Nationals history and making an All-Star appearance with the club in 2005.
Worth noting
Infielder Zach Walters experienced a tight back on Saturday and was not able take batting practice with the position players at Space Coast Stadium. The injury is not considered serious, and Williams hopes Walters is able to work out Sunday.
Bill Ladson is a reporter for MLB.com and writes an MLBlog, All Nats All the time. He also could be found on Twitter @WashingNats. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


text: Bellandur, one of the fastest growing locations in Bangalore Southeast, is home to many IT parks. As part of the young & mobile crowd, the demand for best hair styling & cutting is increasing. A number of interesting hair styling and spa outlets have been opened recently. Explore spa & salon outlets and enjoy the best services like body massage, nail art & hairstyling from various spa therapists & stylists.


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IBM, ST go back to the future with nanorelay logic
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LONDON In a return to the 20th century days of electromechanical computation IBM and STMicroelectronics are working on a project to enable a low-power processor made from nanometer-scale mechanical relays.
The European Commission likes the idea and has put IBM Research Zurich in charge of a European research project that aims to produce a logic process that is based on nanometer-scale relays that remain compatible with conventional CMOS transistor logic. The advantage of such a system would be much lower off-state power consumption as leakage current would be considerably reduced.
Alongside IBM and STMicroelectronics NV (Geneva, Switzerland) are academic researchers from the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Kungliga Tekniska Hoegskolan (KTH), and the universities of Bristol and Lancaster.
The three-year collaborative research project has a budget of 3.96 million euro (about $5.0 million) of which the European Commission is providing 2.44 million euro (about $3.1 million).
The motivation for the research is that as transistors have been miniaturized leakage power consumption is becoming as large as active power consumption and this is a particular issue for emerging applications such as autonomous sensors nodes, wireless communications and mobile computing.
The NEMIAC (Nano-Electro-Mechanical Integration And Computation) project aims to develop a process based on what it calls nano-electromechanical (NEMS) switches suitable for embedded systems and offering 3-D integration with CMOS. The researchers are being asked to show a magnitude improvement in energy efficiency with no performance penalty compared with solid-state. The process is also expected to have higher radiation resistance and higher temperature operation than CMOS.
Mechanical relay as replacement for transistor. Source: NEMIAC
The relays are expected to have a footprint of less than 3-micron by 3-micron and demonstrate a switching time of the order of 10 nanoseconds. Prooving the reliability under billions of switching operations will be an important task prior to commercial deployment. The term "bug" is said to have been introduced into the computing industry because of the propensity for
The project is expected to produce a number of digital logic designs as proof of the process and innovative circuit architectures for low-power applications. In parallel design and simulation methodologies are going to be developed to aid exploration of the design-space and demonstrate the feasibility of a small microprocessor.
Related links and articles:
Baolab MEMS-in-CMOS aims at compass
Yost takes over as CEO at Cavendish Kinetics
Cypress, Cavendish ink production deal


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LAKEWOOD RANCH — Lakewood Ranch resident Wendi Golden has spent more than 25 years perfecting her swing.
Now, the former professional golfer is hoping to use her knowledge of the game to help propel the Lady Mustangs this fall.
Golden was named Lakewood Ranch High's new girls golf coach after Greg McGrew decided to step down after 11 seasons at the helm. McGrew, a technology teacher at Lakewood, took over the girls golf program when the school opened in 1998.
Since then, McGrew has led the Lady Mustangs to 129-20 record and several district and regional titles. And after finishing eighth in the state, McGrew is ready to turn his attention toward his family and the technology department.
"I think it's just been a long time, and I'm ready to turn it over to someone else," McGrew said. "We had a great season, but I have a son at home whom I want to spend a little more time with."
After announcing his resignation, McGrew asked Athletic Director Shawn Trent and Principal Mike Wilder to assist in selecting his replacement. Looking to hopefully find someone who would be with the Lady Mustangs for a long time, McGrew turned to Golden, who spent three years coaching at Sarasota Christian before moving over to Braden River last year.
"To become a successful program, you really need to have someone working with the kids," McGrew said. "I think she's a better golfer than I am, and with her semi-professional background, I think she'll be able help the kids with their game more than I can."
A native of Atlanta, Golden began playing golf when she was 5 years old after her grandmother introduced her to the game.
"My grandmother … her favorite way to baby-sit me was to take me to the driving range and buy me a lesson with a pro," Golden said. "That's how it started, and then I just grew up around it."
Golden and her older sister, Christi, spent their summers bouncing around between the pool, the tennis courts and the golf course. While her sister gravitated toward swimming and tennis, Golden pursued golf.
She played at the University of Tennessee for a year before turning pro in 1996 at age 21. Golden toured the professional circuit until 1999 based out of Druid Hills Golf Club in Atlanta before moving to Sarasota in 2001.
Shortly after moving to Sarasota, Golden met her husband, Jason, who coaches the Lady Mustangs tennis team. The couple has been married for nearly eight years and has two girls, Jordan, 6, and Taylor, 5.
After taking a break from competing, Golden regained her amateur status in 2006 and now is ranked No. 1 in Florida and No. 10 in the country for amateur women golfers.
"I enjoy the competition just the intensity of playing and competing against other individuals," Golden said. "I'm more out of my element as a coach than as a player. I'm just kind of learning as I go along and just trying to put myself in their position."
Contact Jen Blanco at [email protected].
LAKEWOOD RANCH — Lakewood Ranch resident Wendi Golden has spent more than 25 years perfecting her swing.


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Burberry white shirt from The Living Daylights seen with Timothy Dalton (James Bond)
As Seen on James Bond (Timothy Dalton) in The Living Daylights
LIVING ON THE EDGE: In the classic 80s installment of Ian Fleming's Bond, follow 007 (Timothy Dalton) as he traverses seven continents to take down an evil arms dealer. In The Living Daylights, Bond takes his mission to the aristocracy where he shows up for battle in a dinner jacket and bow tie. With his debonair swagger and deadly espionage skills, the name that means excitement is back. His name is Bond, James Bond, and he's living on the edge.
Scroll down to see more clothes, outfits and products identified from The Living Daylights.
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COMMERCE CITY, Colo. -- Below are Bruce Arena's postgame thoughts from the LA Galaxy's 1-1 draw with the Colorado Rapids on Sunday evening.
(His thoughts on tonight's match:)
ARENA: "I thought that it was a fair result. We didn't play our best match by any means. I think we could have been a little bit better. Our passing wasn't good on the night. I think in the second half, our defensive shape was better, which we needed because we fell apart towards the end of the first half. I would have liked to see us, obviously, get the second goal and get out of here with three points."
(On return of some players, and play of Tommy Meyer...)
ARENA: "Tommy did very well. We had to use the game to get David [Beckham] some fitness, some minutes, and the same with Landon [Donovan] coming back. Those are important minutes for those players as we move forward as well."
(On the adjustments made at halftime...)
ARENA: "We just simply wanted to do a better job defensively. From there, it would help open up our passing game a bit. They improved there. I thought we did a better job with the number 10 [Martin Rivero] and the number 23 [Jaime Castrillón] in the second half."
(On the remainder of the season...)
ARENA: "There's a lot of season left. Obviously, the month of October is going to be important for us. We're coming around. We're slowly getting some guys back on the field and getting in better form, but obviously the next three league matches are important."


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Selection guide for Aminex carbohydrate, organic acid, and alcohol analysis columns.
Analysis of N-acetylneuramic acid in urine samples on theAminex HPX-87H column. A. Standard N-acetylneuraminic acid; B. Urinesample from control subject; C. Urine sample from a patient with sialuria.Reproduced with permission, Mononen, I., J. Chrom., 381, 219 (1986).
Find the right column for your needs. Use our Selection Guide. »
Aminex HPLC columns are packed with a polymer-based matrix (polystyrene divinylbenzene). They separate compounds using the ion-moderated partition chromatography technique.
HPLC separations using Aminex columns employ the mechanisms of ion exclusion, ion exchange, ligand exchange, size exclusion, reversed phase, and normal phase partitioning. These multiple modes of interaction offer a unique ability to separate compounds. Several Aminex columns are available for small acidic and polar molecule analysis.
Aminex columns allow the use of simple isocratic methods, eluting with water or dilute acid. There is minimal sample preparation, usually just filtering through a 0.45 μm filter with no derivatization necessary. Aminex media have a high pressure stability, wide pH stability, and high column efficiency and selectivity.
Aminex columns are an industry standard for the analysis of organic acids and alcohols.Bio-Rad offers organic acid columns for simple, yet specific methods of food and beverage analysis. Use our selection guide to choose the column that fits your application needs.
Aminex HPX-87H ColumnThis hydrogen-form, 300 x 7.8 mm column performs most analyses in about 20 minutes, with sensitivity to the nanogram level. A simple isocratic elution with slightly acidified water is all that it takes to analyze organic acids in most samples, and filtration is the only sample preparation required before injection. Separations can be performed from ambient temperature to 60°C at flow rates of 0.4–1.0 ml/min. When many compounds in a formulation must be analyzed, or when high-resolution separations are required, this is the column of choice.
Fast Acid Analysis ColumnThis hydrogen-form, 100 x 7.8 mm column is optimized for the analysis of alcohols, glycols, and hydrophobic organic acids. Typically, analyses can be shortened 4-fold over those obtained with research-length columns. Because the fast acid column is shorter, components elute as taller, narrower peaks. Detection limits are improved, and smaller sample loads can be used. This column provides fast separations of specific organic acids in samples where only certain components are of interest. With these columns, analyses can be completed in 3–5 minutes. As with the Aminex HPX-87H column, dilute sulfuric acid is the only eluent used, and filtering is generally the only sample preparation required.
Fermentation Monitoring ColumnThis hydrogen-form, 150 x 7.8 mm column is optimized to resolve maltotriose, maltose, glucose, and fructose while also resolving acids and alcohols. When analysis of sugars in a fermentation broth is required, this is the column of choice. Dilute sulfuric acid is the only eluent used, and filtering is generally the only sample preparation required.
Aminex HPX-87C ColumnThis calcium-form, 300 x 7.8 mm column can be fine-tuned for organic acid analysis by using an eluent that contains a mixture of water, calcium sulfate, sulfuric acid, and acetonitrile. It is also suited for analyzing organic acids in combination with carbohydrates.
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As the subject says, Crucial says they will have DDR4 available to the public by the end of the year.
Personal computing discussed
Moderators: Flying Fox, Thresher
Star Brood wrote:The irony is that they are comparing DDR4 to the first stage of DDR3 without all the massive improvements that it has made over the past few years. DDR3 2133 at 1.2v is not far outside the imagination.
JustAnEngineer wrote:I've been buying 1.35 V DDR3. Am I halfway there already?
http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.a ... 6820148663


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Okay, here's a quick test. Did you interpret this headline to mean, "Nobody wants dollar coins?" If so, please go back and read it again -- and stop trying so hard to read a political spin into plain English.
The headline is an honest question. But its seeming ambiguity reflects the confusion that surrounds this complex issue.
Who wants dollar coins? The question matters this year because there are competing bills on the issue before Congress. The "COINS" Act would phase out the $1 bankÂnote, since experience has shown that a $1 coin won't circulate as long as the note is available. The Currency Efficiency Act would end "massive overproduction" of what it calls the "unpopular $1 coin."
So who really wants dollar coins to replace dollar bills? The switch is favored by thousands of U.S. amusement operators -- but far from all, according to the president of the Amusement and Music Operators Association, Andy Shaffer of Shaffer Services (Columbus, OH).
In a recent interview with VT, Shaffer noted: "Many progressive operators see the world is moving to credit cards, mobile apps, and new generations of customers who rely less on cash. But many locations still use quarters and dollar bills to put into games and jukeboxes. So I can't give you a clear definition of where AMOA stands on dollar coins. We have members on both sides, some favoring the dollar coin and others who oppose it because they feel they must spend so much money retooling their equipment to prepare for this form of currency."
AMOA recently polled operators about their positions on the coin and surprisingly the vast majority said it does not support the effort to eliminate the $1 banknote to prompt greater use of the coin. A majority also believes the elimination of the note will hurt their businesses. Only half think AMOA should get involved in the coin's lobbying effort.
The National Automatic Merchandising Association is paying close attention to the latest dollar coin debate, but likely sees no reason to apply resources to the lobbying effort.
The American Amusement Machine Association favors dollar coins -- this year. But they haven't always. Last year, AAMA president John Schultz told the Washington-based newspaper Roll Call: "Thirty years we've been working on this and thrown a tremendous amount of money to it. Its time has passed." This year, AAMA reversed course again and is firmly back in the pro-coin camp.
Also favoring dollar coins are the Dollar Coin Alliance, the National Bulk Vendors Association, Arizona copper mine interests, and -- according to a DCA poll -- 65% of American citizens (once they learn about potential savings from eliminating dollar bills).
However, it's getting harder to figure out where the public really stands. Despite DCA's poll, dozens of competing surveys show large majorities of Americans intensely dislike dollar coins. In one poll, 75% said dollar coins are unnecessary and 77% said they're less convenient than paper.
Even among those who favor the potential savings, many see dollar coins like public transportation: it's a great idea for "someone else." (Meantime, they want to keep their own cars and paper money, thank you very much.)
In the past four decades, the U.S. has tried to launch dollar coins three times -- and each time, the result has been a "fiasco." That's not my term. "Fiasco" is the word used by neutral parties such as the Numismatic News and countless others, including foreign observers who don't have an axe to grind.
It's also getting harder to understand the potential economic impact of dollar coins. Supporters and opponents both stack the deck in their own favor. The most reliable neutral party, the U.S. Government Accountability Office, recently said switching from paper to coins would cost taxpayers money for seven to 10 years, but save money over 30 years.
There is even more confusion on the part of some readers about VT's editorial stance. We often publish stories about challenges facing dollar coins. However, we cannot emphasize this point enough: Just because you report bad weather, it doesn't mean you like thunderstorms.
For the record, VT remains neutral on coins. That said, Congress is highly unlikely to spend its "political capital" on eliminating dollar bills and replacing them with dollar coins, as long as most opinion polls show that 80% of the U.S. public disagrees.
In an editorial last spring, the Washington Post concluded: "To the extent it's possible to weigh the matter objectively, facts favor the coin."
Facts are one thing; political reality is something else. Members of Congress rarely vote against public opinion -- except in extremely rare circumstances, and then only when the issue is considered of overwhelming importance, like war and peace. (Or unless the senator or representative is retiring from office.)
What, then, is the future for the dollar coin? Considering the growing complexities of every related issue, you might be forgiven for saying ... it's a coin toss.
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