text:
Taking evolution: your inner fish course
04-07-2014, 03:06 PM (This post was last modified: 04-07-2014 03:27 PM by goodwithoutgod.)
RE: Taking evolution: your inner fish course
So this week's discussion was:
Find at least one internet source which questions the validity of fossils as evidence of evolution. Briefly summarize their argument. Then find and describe a response by supporters of evolutionary theory. Evaluate the evidence supporting their positions. Cite your source(s) at the end of your post.
and my submission
Oh the wonders of the internet. Amongst the plethora of delusional websites out there that try so hard to refute logic, science and empirical evidence, the cream of the crop so to speak would have to go to Answersingenesis. The founder of this misinformation site is Ken Ham, and he is a biblical literalist. These types are always the easiest to discredit. He posits that because there are fish fossils on top of mountains, that this proves the mythical global flood parable from Genesis 7 and 8.
"Marine fossils are also found high in the Himalayas, the world's tallest mountain range, reaching up to 29,029 feet (8,848 m) above sea level.3 For example, fossil ammonites (coiled marine cephalopods) are found in limestone beds in the Himalayas of Nepal. All geologists agree that ocean waters must have buried these marine fossils in these limestone beds. So how did these marine limestone beds get high up in the Himalayas?" (Snelling 2007)
I will answer this in several layers. First, how did the fish fossils get on the mountaintop? Apparently he has not heard of plate tectonics or continental drift. In fact, with GPS satellite technology, we can see continental drift ongoing, the continents move approx. 2-4 inches further apart each year. It was not the mythical global flood that put the fish on the mountaintops, but continents colliding and pushing up, thus depositing fish high into the lime layer exposed, as per below;
"The Himalayas are often referred to as the "roof of the world" because they host the highest peaks on Earth, most famously Mt. Everest at 8,848 meters above sea level. But the rock that caps Mt. Everest is limestone, a type of rock that forms at the bottom of warm, shallow seas and is composed primarily of fossilized marine creatures, everything from plankton to clams and fish. For years, geologists struggled to explain how the remains of tiny sea organisms could exist at the top of a mountain range.
Into the 1900s, many scientists believed that as Earth cooled after its formation, the planet's surface contracted and wrinkled like the skin of an apple, subjected to the sun and drying out over time. The contraction theory, independently proposed by two prominent scientists in the late 1800s and early 1900s, implied that mountain ranges like the Himalayas were forced up by the wrinkling process. This theory assumed that all of the features on Earth had formed during one cooling event and that the planet was relatively static, changing little as the cooling (and wrinkling) slowed to a halt over millions of years.
The Himalayas, as it turns out, started forming about 40 million years ago when the Indian Plate collided head-on with the Eurasian Plate, shoving and folding rocks that had formed below sea level into lofty peaks. Because the Indian Plate is still moving northward, the Himalayas are still rising at a rate of about 1 cm per year. We no longer need to invoke a shrinking, wrinkled Earth to explain the marine fossils at the top of these tall mountains; it is the process of plate tectonics that continues to lift seafloor rocks to the sky." (Egger, 2003)
Second, the global flood never happened. There is not enough water on or in the world to cover the highest mountain by 40 feet. Ice cores from Greenland have been dated back more than 40,000 years by counting annual layers. A worldwide flood would be expected to leave a layer of sediments, noticeable changes in salinity and oxygen isotope ratios, fractures from buoyancy and thermal stresses, a hiatus in trapped air bubbles, and probably other evidence. But alas, this of course doesn't exist. How are the polar ice caps even possible? Such a mass of water as the Flood would have provided sufficient buoyancy to float the polar caps off their beds and break them up. They wouldn't regrow quickly. In fact, the Greenland ice cap would not regrow under modern (last 10 ky) climatic conditions.
Why did the Flood not leave traces on the sea floors? A year long flood should be recognizable in sea bottom cores by (1) an uncharacteristic amount of terrestrial detritus, (2) different grain size distributions in the sediment, (3) a shift in oxygen isotope ratios (rain has a different isotopic composition from seawater), (4) a massive extinction, and other characters. Why do none of these show up? Because it never happened.
Egyptian civilization is probably familiar to most of us. Egypt's dynastic history started with the uniting of Upper and Lower Egypt by King Menes, around 3100 BCE. The Egyptian period known as the "Old Kingdom" lasted from 2800 to 2175 BCE. During this time many of the pyramids were built. There is no record, written or archaeological, for a monster flood destroying and completely interrupting this countries infrastructure or it's monuments such as the Sphinx, the Step Pyramid, or the Great Pyramids, which were built before 'The Flood'
China has a reasonably accurate history starting around 3000 BCE. According to texts from a Chinese book called "Shu King" and verified by archaeological records, China was undergoing a prosperous period around 2400 to 2200 BCE during the early Yaou Dynasty. They have no record of a cataclysmic flood interrupting their whole civilization and destroying the infrastructure of the country.
The Indus valley civilization has a well-known history dating back to perhaps 3100 BCE. By 2500 BCE there were two major cities, Mohendaro (or Mohenjo-Daro) and Harrapa, which rivaled Egypt and Mesopotamia in population and technologies. This great Civilization also encompassed maybe 100 smaller cities, towns, and villages, and didn't fall until about 1500 BCE. They have no record of a worldwide civilization-destroying flood.
The Minoan civilization was probably as old as Egypt. Based on the Island of Crete, this civilization grew quickly and was highly advanced by 2500 BCE. By the middle of the second millennium it had an alphabet, used bronze tools, had pottery, textiles, advanced architecture, and had established cities around the Islands. It continued to grow and was a center for trade and culture until about the mid-1400′s BCE when it was suddenly destroyed by the violent eruption of the Thera volcano. There has been no evidence unearthed from this civilization that shows a flood destroying their whole infrastructure, at any time in their existence.
I could, and have before, write quite a lengthy paper refuting the global flood myth, but let's look at it scientifically shall we? The conventional flood story states that the flood waters came from rain that lasted 40 days and 40 night right? Rain appears when the atmosphere can no longer support water in the vapor phase and it becomes saturated. So normally, the atmosphere is on the brink of saturation, and the variations in temperature and pressure caused by weather fronts are capable of altering the threshold at which precipitation will form quite easily. What about the amount of water vapor suspended in air needed for the 4.5 billion cubic kilometers of water needed for the global flood? The water vapor currently in the air is only around 2-3% on average, with a maximum of 4% limited by temperature and pressure.
The change in atmospheric conditions required to support enough vapor for 112 million cubic kilometers of rain per day - about 120,000 times more than the current daily rainfall worldwide - would have rendered the air unbreathable.
Indeed, the atmosphere really couldn't sustain that much water even under the most extreme temperature and pressure conditions the planet can produce. If the conditions were right for that much water to be in the atmosphere, humans and virtually every other animal would have drowned through the simple act of breathing, as well as turning the earth into the equivalent of a pressure cooker with atmospheric pressure at nearly a thousand psi instead of the standard 14.7 or so that we have today.
The global flood story requires that only eight people were left alive in 2349 BCE. This does not allow enough time for humans to repopulate the earth. In 2000 BCE only 350 years after the flood the population of the world was 27 million. To go from a population of eight to a population of 27 million in 350 years would require a population growth rate of 136.07%. That is 133% more than the fastest growing portions of the world today.
The Bible also places the date of construction on the Tower of Babel roughly 100 years after the great flood. Saying a population could go from 6 people (Noah and his wife don't count, they didn't have any more children) to enough people to build the Tower of Babel as it is described in the Bible is absurd. This tower was so great that it threatened "god", so it must have been greater that the pyramid of Khufu which took 30,000 people to build. Even a growth rate of 500%, which is even more absurd beyond all imagination, would only produce about half the required people to even begin to think about such a construction project.
"Just understand that it's possible to observe the deviation of DNA strands by retroactively measuring them to a common strand. This period back to a common ancestor has been determined to be tens of thousands of years, an age remarkably consistent with the ones established for human civilization remains through previously mentioned dating methods. We do not see the five thousand years that our DNA would reveal if all humans descended from the sole survivors of God's flood." (Long 2005)
In regards to evolution and fossils, the law of faunal succession shows, " You will never find a Neanderthal bone in the same stratum as a Tyrannosaurus rex bone. Tyronnosaurus rexes weren't alive at the same time; therefore, their stratum didn't get laid down at the same time." And seashell fossils found in the Appalachian mountains (world's oldest mountain range) "The shells were deposited in layers on the Ocean floor over millions of years, layers that would be violently broken up and rippled into a mountain range 480,000,000 years ago by a catastrophic earthquake." (Somma 2012)
I could go on and on, but let's simply say, upon careful contemplation of all known evidence, there is as much chance the global flood happened, as there is that I have a unicorn in my backyard. Zero. Thus Ken Ham's ideological young earth creationist view is invalid.
Egger, Anne (2003 July). The origins of plate tectonic theory. Visionlearning.
Retrieved from http://www.visionlearning.com/en/library...-Theory/65
Long, J. (2005 January). Biblical nonsense: A review of the bible for doubting christians. Lincoln, NE: I universe Publishing
Retrieved from http://www.biblicalnonsense.com/chapter6.html
Snelling, A. (2007 September). High & dry sea creatures; flood evidence number one.
Retrieved from https://answersingenesis.org/fossils/fos...creatures/
Somma, R. (2012 february). 101 reasons why evolution is true.
Retrieved from http://ideonexus.com/2012/02/12/101-reas...oftheEarth
thoughts, comments welcome
"Belief is so often the death of reason" - Qyburn, Game of Thrones
"The Christian community continues to exist because the conclusions of the critical study of the Bible are largely withheld from them." -Hans Conzelmann (1915-1989)
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05-07-2014, 04:43 PM (This post was last modified: 05-07-2014 06:42 PM by goodwithoutgod.)
RE: Taking evolution: your inner fish course
Oh holy unicorn these guys are killing me, here is some of the brilliant postings, names removed for privacy lol. I will bolden my inputs for ease of separation. In regards to evolution:
Girl S - Many dates that we see noting humans and apelike creatures as having a common ancestor have come, not from fossils, but from assumptions based on similar DNA sequences. "The iconic depiction of a hunched monkey gradually developing into an uprightwalking human has been viewed by most people. The problem is that much of the visuals are made up. The absence of a consistent story of evolution is obvious in the way that human ancestry is presented in the textbooks." (Patterson) There is consistently a lack of agreement among scientists regarding the evolution of humans. Upon further examination of the fossils assumed as human ancestors, scientists have found specimens that "overlap in evolutionary time" and contain gaps of millions of years. Scientists, textbooks, teachers, etc. are all indicative of different theories of human evolution and whether or not we have really evolved from apelike creatures or have always been what we are. "There is no consensus on the path to humans, and any representation of the lineage is highly subjective." (Patterson) This article later goes on to show chapters from a book. Chapter 10.1 contains a paragraph depicting the dishonesty in paleoanthropologists to get the results they want. There have been reported cases of paleoanthropologists combining pieces from an ape fossil and a human fossil and calling it a hominid ancestor. They will also place emphasis on apelike qualities in human fossils or human qualities in apelike fossils. The physical evidence behind fossils proving evolution is not definitive enough.
my response to girl "S"
Intriguing point of view. Lets look at some facts together;
"Evidence of common descent of living things has been discovered by scientists working in a variety of fields over many years. This evidence has demonstrated and verified the occurrence of evolution and provided a wealth of information on the natural processes by which the variety and diversity of life on Earth developed. This evidence supports the modern evolutionary synthesis, the current scientific theory that explains how and why life changes over time. Evolutionary biologists document evidence of common descent: making testable predictions, testing hypotheses, and developing theories that illustrate and describe its causes.
Comparison of the DNA genetic sequences of organisms has revealed that organisms that are phylogenetically close have a higher degree of DNA sequence similarity than organisms that are phylogenetically distant. Further evidence for common descent comes from genetic detritus such as pseudogenes, regions of DNA that are orthologous to a gene in a related organism, but are no longer active and appear to be undergoing a steady process of degeneration from cumulative mutations.
Fossils are important for estimating when various lineages developed in geologic time. As fossilization is an uncommon occurrence, usually requiring hard body parts and death near a site where sediments are being deposited, the fossil record only provides sparse and intermittent information about the evolution of life. Evidence of organisms prior to the development of hard body parts such as shells, bones and teeth is especially scarce, but exists in the form of ancient microfossils, as well as impressions of various soft-bodied organisms. The comparative study of the anatomy of groups of animals shows structural features that are fundamentally similar or homologous, demonstrating phylogenetic and ancestral relationships with other organisms, most especially when compared with fossils of ancient extinct organisms. Vestigial structures and comparisons in embryonic development are largely a contributing factor in anatomical resemblance in concordance with common descent. Since metabolic processes do not leave fossils, research into the evolution of the basic cellular processes is done largely by comparison of existing organisms' physiology and biochemistry. Many lineages diverged at different stages of development, so it is possible to determine when certain metabolic processes appeared by comparing the traits of the descendants of a common ancestor. Universal biochemical organization and molecular variance patterns in all organisms also show a direct correlation with common descent.
Further evidence comes from the field of biogeography because evolution with common descent provides the best and most thorough explanation for a variety of facts concerning the geographical distribution of plants and animals across the world. This is especially obvious in the field of island biogeography. Combined with the theory of plate tectonics common descent provides a way to combine facts about the current distribution of species with evidence from the fossil record to provide a logically consistent explanation of how the distribution of living organisms has changed over time.
The development and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria, like the spread of pesticide resistant forms of plants and insects provides evidence that evolution due to natural selection is an ongoing process in the natural world. Alongside this, are observed instances of the separation of populations of species into sets of new species (speciation). Speciation has been observed directly and indirectly in the lab and in nature. Multiple forms of such have been described and documented as examples for individual modes of speciation." (Rodriguez 2012)
You said, "There is consistently a lack of agreement among scientists regarding the evolution of humans." I find this to be an amazing assertion. To counter this bit of misinformation consider;
"The vast majority of the scientific community and academia supports evolutionary theory as the only explanation that can fully account for observations in the fields of biology, paleontology, molecular biology, genetics, anthropology, and others. A total of 480,000 U.S. earth and life scientists support evolution. An expert in the evolution-creationism controversy, professor and author Brian Alters, states that "99.9 percent of scientists accept evolution". Additionally, the scientific community considers intelligent design, a neo-creationist offshoot, to be unscientific, pseudoscience, or junk science.
The U.S. National Academy of Sciences has stated that intelligent design "and other claims of supernatural intervention in the origin of life" are not science because they cannot be tested by experiment, do not generate any predictions, and propose no new hypotheses of their own. 38 Nobel laureates issued a statement saying "Intelligent design is fundamentally unscientific; it cannot be tested as scientific theory because its central conclusion is based on belief in the intervention of a supernatural agent."
A coalition representing more than 70,000 Australian scientists and science teachers issued a statement saying "intelligent design is not science" and calling on "all schools not to teach Intelligent Design (ID) as science, because it fails to qualify on every count as a scientific theory".
An amicus curiae brief, signed by 72 US Nobel Prize winners, 17 state academies of science and 7 other scientific societies, asked the US Supreme Court in Edwards v. Aguillard, to reject a Louisiana state law requiring the teaching of creationism (which the brief described as embodying religious dogma). This was the largest collection of Nobel Prize winners to sign such a supporting document providing the "clearest statement by scientists in support of evolution yet produced."
The American Association for the Advancement of Science, the world's largest general scientific society with more than 130,000 members and over 262 affiliated societies and academies of science including over 10 million individuals, has made several statements and issued several press releases in support of evolution.
The prestigious United States National Academy of Sciences, which provides science advice to the nation, has published several books supporting evolution and denouncing creationism and intelligent design. A poll by Pew Research Center found that "Nearly all scientists (97%) say humans and other living things have evolved over time - common decent with modifications." (Natskep staff 2013)
You also stated, "Chapter 10.1 contains a paragraph depicting the dishonesty in paleoanthropologists to get the results they want. There have been reported cases of paleoanthropologists combining pieces from an ape fossil and a human fossil and calling it a hominid ancestor". Pointing to rare cases like the Piltdown man as evidence to discount the overwhelming evidence that supports evolution is disingenuous. Surely they can do better than that if ones wish is to debunk the millions of pieces of evidence, thousands of cross verified studies and plethora of empirical evidence that supports evolution. The good news is education in the subject will provide us all the tools we need to be able to understand the process and the evidence. Great post, I look forward to learning more with you.
Rodriguez, T. (2012) Evidence of common descent.
Retrieved from http://www.darwinwasright.org/
Natskep staff. (2013) Belief in evolution has increased since 2004 in the united states.
Retrieved from http://natskep.com/belief-in-evolution-h...ed-states/
boy "W",
Opponents of fossil evolution at pbs.org points to the gaps in the fossil record as proof that the theory is invalid. They state that the fossil record fails to show what are called "transitional forms,"generally the in-between stages as one type of creature evolved into another.
Dr. John Morris makes his claim that there are some fossils, however, that cannot be made to fit the evolutionary timeline at all. Such fossils, called anomalous fossils, are found in layers totally out of kilter with evolution. He furthermore states "the most startling evidence is human artifacts, such as the bronze bell. It was encased in a large piece of coal. Standard dating of the bituminous coal seam from which it was taken dates it from the Carboniferous Period, approximately 300 million years old. Certainly no human artifact could reside in such "ancient" strata. This "fossil" is anomalous indeed."
The fossil record simply does not support the evolutionary theory, which claims there once existed a series of successive forms leading to the present-day organism. The theory states that infinitesimal changes within each generation evolve into a new species, but the scientific fact remains. They don't.
Fossils prove the sudden emergence of a new species out of nowhere, complete with characteristics unknown in any other species. The fossil record has no intermediate or transitional forms. This is popularly known as the "missing link" problem, and it exists in all species. The missing link problem is getting worse, not better, with the discovery of more fossils.
The missing links are not being discovered, which proves they never existed. Darwin assumed transitional forms would be discovered in the fossil record over time, but that has not been the case. The fossil record, or lack thereof, is a major embarrassment to evolutionists.
my response to "W",
Good post, although some of the information you posted may be unintentionally from a misinformed source, but that is why we are all here right? To learn. You said, "They state that the fossil record fails to show what are called "transitional forms,"generally the in-between stages as one type of creature evolved into another." and this is where you have been misled. The internet can be quite the tricky research base to navigate. You can find people who purport the earth is flat, that 9/11 never happened, and the story of miracle performing jesus is true. Making an invalid, unsubstantiated claim assertively does not make it true, even if you nod your head while saying it.
Transitional fossils do exist, an easy example is from the text with Tiktaalik (Coyne 2008) and while I don't like to quote wiki as a reference, it is easy to validate the list, here is an extensive list of transitional fossils (ref b)… .the discovery of more and more transitional fossils continues to add to knowledge of evolutionary transitions, making many of the "missing links" missing no more. ... Proponents of creationism have frequently made claims about the existence or implications of transitional fossils that some of the scientific community considers to be false and misleading. Some of these claims include: 'There are no transitional fossils.'
Richard Dawkins, a world-reknown evolutionist biologist said, "The distribution of fossils in space and in time are exactly what you would expect if evolution were a fact. There are millions of facts all pointing in the same direction and no facts pointing in the wrong direction. British scientist J.B.S. Haldane, when asked what would constitute evidence against evolution, famously said, "Fossil rabbits in the Precambrian." They've never been found. Nothing like that has ever been found."
In regards to anomalous fossils, which are discredited faster than they are found, here is some information to ponder… It was soon pointed out by the geologist NCSE researcher John Cole that minerals dissolved from ancient strata can harden around a recent object, making it look impressive to someone unfamiliar with geological processes. "The stone is real, and it looks impressive to someone unfamiliar with geological processes. How could a modern artefact be stuck in Ordovician rock? The answer is that the concretion itself is not Ordovician. Minerals in solution can harden around an intrusive object dropped in a crack or simply left on the ground if the source rock (in this case, reportedly Ordovician) is chemically soluble" (Cole, 1985).
Cross validation of "evidence" from either perspective is essential as a lot of hubris, agenda based "professional" opinions are out there that sound good, look good, but upon careful consideration are either subjective, extremely biased or intentionally misleading.
Coyne, J. (2008) Your inner fish. New York. Vintage Books Inc.
Wikipedia. (2013) Long, J. (2005 January). List of transitional fossils. Web.
Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tra...al_fossils
Cole (1985). A catalogue of anomalous discoveries. Web.
Retrieved from http://www.ancient-wisdom.co.uk/ooparts.htm
then this little special child....
In my opinion, I feel that many in the general public doubt the Theory of Evolution because all of creation could not have happened without a creator. The Bible is a great source which accounts for earth's creation in Genesis 1:1-31. It is explained how God created the heaven and earth and it goes on to include all of creation and how it came about. The second reason I think many in the general public doubt the Theory of Evolution is because life is unable to derive directly from non-living matter which is proven in the scientific fact of The Law of Biogenesis. The Law of Biogenesis, attributed to Louis Pasteur, is the observation that living things come only from other living things, by reproduction.
Works Cited
In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood. (2014, July 03). Retrieved from Center for Scientific Creation: http://www.creationscience.com/onlineboo...nces4.html
The Holy Bible. (1987). Nashville: Thomas Nelson, Inc.
I didn't even bother to reply to her...what can you say except
these people make me feel smart
"Belief is so often the death of reason" - Qyburn, Game of Thrones
"The Christian community continues to exist because the conclusions of the critical study of the Bible are largely withheld from them." -Hans Conzelmann (1915-1989)
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Bucky Ball (05-07-2014)
RE: Taking evolution: your inner fish course
99 % of organisms on the planet do not die in conditions that allow for fossilization. Therefore what is surprising is that we have so many, not that some seem to be few. The conditions that allow for fossils are very specific.
A real deity could make life work under ANY circumstances, not just specially "designed" ones. "Intelligent Design" is actually an argument against an omnipotent deity.
There is a great PBS series from this Spring : Your Inner Fish, Your Inner Reptile, and Your Inner Monkey. Not sure if they are up for free on-line viewing.
Insufferable know-it-all. It is objectively immoral to kill innocent babies. Please stick to the guilty babies.
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goodwithoutgod (05-07-2014)
RE: Taking evolution: your inner fish course
You have your first fan, I am liking these rebuttals
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOW_Ioi2wtuPa88FvBmnBgQ my youtube
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goodwithoutgod (05-07-2014)
RE: Taking evolution: your inner fish course
(05-07-2014 04:43 PM)goodwithoutgod Wrote: ...
I'll go with:
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RE: Taking evolution: your inner fish course
(05-07-2014 06:08 PM)DLJ Wrote:(05-07-2014 04:43 PM)goodwithoutgod Wrote: ...
you must know them!
"Belief is so often the death of reason" - Qyburn, Game of Thrones
"The Christian community continues to exist because the conclusions of the critical study of the Bible are largely withheld from them." -Hans Conzelmann (1915-1989)
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06-07-2014, 12:53 AM (This post was last modified: 06-07-2014 01:12 AM by DLJ.)
RE: Taking evolution: your inner fish course
(05-07-2014 04:43 PM)goodwithoutgod Wrote: ...
^^^ I loved that. Noted: 'with' not 'from'.
I am re-reading the exchanges.
For S#### you could also mention the recent ruling in the UK that creation is no longer to be taught as 'fact' in state-funded schools.
For W####, offer this newspaper headline ... "Rare discovery unearthed in China: Two more gaps in the fossil record found!"
For J####, ask them to scrape their skin. Again and again until there is nothing left. The entire human body is made up of non-living material. But yes, I agree... probably a lost cause.
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goodwithoutgod (06-07-2014)
RE: Taking evolution: your inner fish course
(06-07-2014 12:53 AM)DLJ Wrote:(05-07-2014 04:43 PM)goodwithoutgod Wrote: ...
I enjoy walking the narrow path between wit and outright sarcasm
"Belief is so often the death of reason" - Qyburn, Game of Thrones
"The Christian community continues to exist because the conclusions of the critical study of the Bible are largely withheld from them." -Hans Conzelmann (1915-1989)
RE: Taking evolution: your inner fish course
In response to another students intelligent design based reply to me, I responded with.....
Science doesn't have all the answers, and there is a good possibility we may never have them. But we are making great strides down the road of knowledge and discovering amazing things every day. There really is no need to make up stories of alternate supernatural answers simply because we don't have all of the facts yet. Especially since said alternate can be traced back to its very inception, fabrication, and dissemination, thus invalidating itself. Two different discussions in my opinion. This is a science class, and not a theology class where we could sit around and philosophically discuss the Socratic method of understanding the principle of pre-conditions of intelligibility etc. or a plethora of other theological concepts of transcendental dimensions of reality. The answer to the question what is 2 + 2 isn't jesus, or spongebob, or zeus...it is 4.
An open mind is all we can ever hope to have, it is the only way we can learn new things, accept validated evidence and come to a better understanding of this beautiful world around us...
"Belief is so often the death of reason" - Qyburn, Game of Thrones
"The Christian community continues to exist because the conclusions of the critical study of the Bible are largely withheld from them." -Hans Conzelmann (1915-1989)
10-07-2014, 05:20 PM (This post was last modified: 10-07-2014 05:35 PM by goodwithoutgod.)
RE: Taking evolution: your inner fish course
oh it just gets better...lol so here is some more insightful posits from fellow students who believe in a more, booga booga answer to the question of life...
My reply below, I quoted and broke down his whole statement and refuted it.
Interesting post. You said, "To date, no fossils have been found of an animal that displays traits of both birds and reptiles at the same time."
That is because they go down different lines. Check out reference at bottom.
"This lack of evidence does lend some weight to the argument of creationism"….
No I disagree. That is apples and oranges, science and fiction, fact and fantasy; one has nothing to do with the other. The biblical creation story can be traced back to its fabrication, I can do that for you, but that takes us way off the subject matter in question and is quite a lengthy bit of information. Suffice it to say one is an allegorical story, and the other based on empirical evidence, facts, reason and logic.
" however the majority of our oceans, their floors in particular, have not been explored and probably hide some pretty convincing evidence."
I completely agree.
"The reality of the situation is that neither side can accurately prove their particular belief as correct until more evidence is discovered."
Science isn't a belief, nor is it based on faith. Here let me break it down a bit more.
Faith - the belief in something without evidence.
Delusion - A belief held with strong conviction despite superior evidence to the contrary.
Religion - The embracement of delusion.
Science isn't a belief system, it doesn't require faith, it requires provable evidence. Nothing in a faith based belief system has proof, which is why it requires faith, if it had proof, it would be called fact and be taught in public school, like evolution is.
Good post
"Belief is so often the death of reason" - Qyburn, Game of Thrones
"The Christian community continues to exist because the conclusions of the critical study of the Bible are largely withheld from them." -Hans Conzelmann (1915-1989)
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text:
In a scene straight out of campy disco heaven, Christina Aguilera joined Lady Gaga on Tuesday to perform Gaga's latest single, "Do What U Want." The divas belted out the dance anthem on the season finale of "The Voice," where Aguilera serves as a coach.
Gaga arrived wearing a shimmering, skintight onesie that made her look like a disco angel as a cloud of fog floated across the bottom of the stage. Aguilera appeared almost two minutes into the song wearing a nearly identical outfit, which means, in the retro promised land, the singers are basically kindred spirits. The only thing missing was R. Kelly, who is featured on the track but must have been unable to reprise the naughty-lover routine from his and Gaga's "Saturday Night Live" performance. Bummer.
Perhaps Gaga and Aguilera's collaboration is a truce of sorts. Buzz about a supposed feud between the artists emerged in 2009 when some accused Aguilera of imitating Gaga's outfits and electronic sound. Gaga addressed the matter in September on "Watch What Happens Live," saying, "I'm a very big fan of Christina Aguilera, and from the very beginning when my career started, there was all of this controversy about the two of us. I always felt it was very unfair to her ... I just think it's very unfair for anybody to pit another woman against another woman. Especially in the space of music when we are all just trying to be taken seriously."
Aguilera returned the sentiments in a tweet on Tuesday night.
She is such a powerhouse vocalist and I was honored to join the stage with @ladygaga tonight on #TheVoice! xo
— Christina Aguilera (@xtina) December 18, 2013
Watch the performance below.

subset: commoncrawl


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This information will be included in ALL email inquiries that you send related to this Vacation. You will be able to include questions specific to each listing before sending your email inquiries.
If you need to truly get away from it all, Tom's Neck Farm is where you want to spend your vacation. This magical and natural 57 acres is home to deer, osprey, otter, and other fascinating wildlife. If you like to live off the land, blueberries and Cape Pogue quahogs are just two of the foods native to the farm. The beach stretches along the southern shore of Cape Pogue pond with normally calm, warm and shallow water. Swimming, sailing , kayaking, clamming, or just sunning.
The Farm House has seen many generations of not only our family but many tenants who return year after year. Once you are smitten with "Chappy", you will always want to vacation here. The Farm House is over 240 years old, but renovated to suit today's style of living. A large, eat-in kitchen, and dining room that will seat 16, three fireplaces on the first floor and a detached bunk house where the younger set love to play, are just a few of the characteristics of this family friendly home. There is no other place on Martha's Vineyard like this! The picnic table on the lawn is equally enjoyed for breakfast, lunch, cocktails and dinner. The sunsets are magnificent!
The farm house has two bedrooms on the first floor with a full bath (bathtub only), an open attic space with 4 twins and a full bath (bathtub only). The bunkhouse allows for extra sleeping area. The only shower is an outdoor shower that you will love to use! Amenities include a dishwasher, washer/dryer, Internet, and a BBQ grill - and pets may be considered. Gather around the picnic table outside or around the large farm table inside for meals with family and friends. Bike or drive into Edgartown for shopping, dining or a movie.
Please ask for more information about Chappy if you have never spent time there. It is a very unique and special place. show more show less
2 Acres of beach
Classic Antique Cape
Front yard
Large kitchen
Old style pantry
Living Room with fireplace
Large Dining room with fireplace
Master Bedroom
Guest bedroom
1st Floor Bath
Attic room
Side yard for games and relaxation
Sandy beach and shallow water
Calendar Last Updated: May 15, 2018
Additional availability info:
This is a Monday to Monday vacation rental.
Nearest beach: 1/4 mile to Association beach
Chappaquiddick Vacation Planner
Chappaquiddick Info
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Saturday, June 27, 2009
It's a Southern thing
MJ was lauded for breaking down barriers. Here, three young women of color blissfully ignore a potential barrier -- the Stars and Bars. In another setting, the vendor might have invited criticism. But at the Putnam County Dairy Festival in Georgia, celebrating the Confederacy is a given.
Posted by Candler Arts at 8:23 AM
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DNA evidence: Wrong answers or wrong questions?
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Much of the controversy over DNA evidence is due to the way in which forensic scientific evidence has classically been presented. The orthodox approach is to consider whether two samples match according to a predetermined criterion. If they do, the fact of match is reported along with an estimate of the frequency of the characteristics. This method fails to address the questions raised in court cases, diverts argument into irrelevancies and stultifies research. Presentation of evidence in the form of likelihood ratios, on the other hand, forces the witness to answer the questions the court is interested in and makes apparent lines of research required to increase our understanding.
Key wordsDNA forensic science significance tests likelihood ratios
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- Balding, D.J. & R.A. Nichols, 1994. DNA Profile Match Probability Calculation: how to allow for population stratification, relatedness, database selection and single bands. Forensic Science International 64:125–140.PubMedGoogle Scholar
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- Evett, I., 1987. On meaningful questions: a two-trace transfer problem. Journal of the Forensic Science Society 27:375–381.Google Scholar
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- Evett, I. & J. Buckleton, 1990. The interpretation of glass evidence. A practical approach. Journal of the Forensic Science Society 30:215–223.Google Scholar
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- Evett, I.W., J. Scranage & R. Pinchin, 1993. An illustration of the advantages of efficient statistical methods for RFLP analysis in forensic science. Am. J. Human Genetics 52:498–505.Google Scholar
- Grubb, A. & D.S. Pearl, 1990. Blood Testing, AIDS and DNA Profiling; Law and Policy. Jordan and Sons Ltd, Bristol.Google Scholar
- Kaye, D., 1989. The probability of an ultimate issue; the strange cases of paternity testing. Iowa Law Review 1:75–109.Google Scholar
- Koehler, J.J., 1992. Probabilities in the Courtroom: An Evaluation of Objections and Policies. pp. 167–183 in D.K. Kagehiro & W.S. Laufer (eds), Handbook of Psychology and Law. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
- Lindley, D., 1977. A problem in forensic science. Biometrika 64: 207–213.Google Scholar
- Magnusson, E., 1993. Incomprehension and Miscomprehension of statistical evidence: an experimental study, Australian Institute of Criminology Conference on Law, Medicine and Criminal Justice, Queensland, July 1993.Google Scholar
- McQuillan, J. & K. Edgar, 1992. A survey of the distribution of glass on clothing. Journal of the Forensic Science Society 32: 333–348.Google Scholar
- Mills, H., 1991. The Birmingham Six Case — Vital Scientific Evidence Kept From Defence. The (London) Independent, 28 March 1991, p 2.Google Scholar
- National Research Council, 1992. DNA Technology in forensic science. National Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
- Pearson, E.F., R.W. May & M.G.D. Dabbs, 1971. Glass and paint fragments found in men's outer clothing — a report of a survey. Journal of Forensic Sciences 13:283–302.Google Scholar
- Thompson, W.C. & E. L. Schumann, 1987. Interpretation of statistical evidence in criminal trials/The prosecutor's fallacy and the defense attorney's fallacy. Law and Human Behaviour 11: 167–187.Google Scholar
- Walsh, K.A.J. & J.S. Buckleton, 1986. On the Problem of Assessing the Evidential Value of Glass Fragments Embedded in Footwear. Journal of the Forensic Science Society 26:55–60.Google Scholar


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This scholarship ($1,000) is available for any graduating senior living in Hamilton or Wenham who plans to major in agriculture, arboriculture, botany, conservation, environmental sciences, forestry, horticulture, landscape design or other related fields at an accredited two or four-year college.
To fill out an application, click on the link below.
Hamilton Wenham Garden Club ~ 2018 Scholarship Application
Application is due to your Guidance Office by Friday, April 6, 2018.
Your Guidance Office must send all completed scholarship forms by Friday, April 13, 2018 to:
Hamilton Wenham Garden Club
PO Box 235
South Hamilton MA 01982
The Hamilton Wenham Garden Club will notify the Guidance Office of the recipient by May 11, 2018.


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The state of Hawaii is formulating a preparedness plan for a North Korean missile attack, much to the dismay of the state's tourism boosters.
"We do not want to cause any undue stress for the public," Vern T. Miyagi, Hawaii's Emergency Management Agency administrator said in a statement reported Thursday by the state's news media, but "we cannot wait to begin our public information campaign to ensure that Hawaii residents will know what do if such an event occurs."
The full plan for that campaign will be unveiled Friday, according to Hawaii News Now.
The preparation, while reportedly not involving the sort of duck and cover drills of the early Cold War era across the United States where school children hid under their desks, will include evacuation drills for school students and public service announcements that say "get inside, stay inside, and stay tuned," the Honolulu Star Advertiser said, quoting officials.
Hawaii News Now reported that the campaign will also feature tests of a new emergency siren on the first workday of each month. "The normal siren will sound, followed by a second siren that would be used in the event of an attack," the news site said.
Hawaii, while famously laid back about most things, remembers Pearl Harbor, the Japanese attack on the U.S. naval fleet in Honolulu in 1941.
Since then, however, the state has concentrated on preparedness mostly for typhoons, Tsunamis, high waves and mosquitoes bearing disease, not missile attacks.
That seems to have changed with news of North Korea's development of an ICBM that could reach that state and Alaska. After the test earlier this summer of the Hwasong-14 missile U.S. intelligence officials now believe North Korea capable of launching a missile 4,000 miles. "That range would not be enough to reach the Lower 48 states or the large islands of Hawaii, but would allow it to reach all of Alaska," David Wright, senior scientist for the Union of Concerned Scientists told The Washington Post's Joby Warrick earlier this month.


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What A Crazy Week!
I suppose Christmas is always going to be crazy where ever you go. The malls are packed, as is the post office, and the grocers, and so forth. People just go nuts! Guess thats true for missionaries too but for different reasons. Tracting within two weeks of Christmas doesn't seem to be very effective (Go figure) But people seem to be somewhat friendlier. I found that if I just smile and say Merry Christmas Even the people who are not in the slightest pleased to see us have to return the greeting. Or just pause awkwardly before they shut the door, which pleases me all the same.
I'm very blessed to be in the Cave spring area for my First Christmas. The members here are phenomenal! I can't recall all the times when different families would ask us if we had plans for Christmas Eve/Day because they wanted to make sure we had a place to enjoy the holidays. We were invited to a number of parties and get together. My Favourite being Chirstmas Eve night at the McBrides. The McBrides is one of those families that have many other branches out from a main ancestor. Their family includes the Andersons, Jones's, Roalies, and a few others which I didn't catch. One of the McBrides is actually a member of the Mission Presidency and happens to be in our boundaries. I love the Guy. He Reminds me of Brother Dick Low because he always has interesting stories and a vast knowledge of just about everything I can think of. He also was Mission companions with Mitt Romney!! Anyways, they had us over that night for their family tradition of playing out the Nativity while reading scriptures of The Birth of Christ. I got to be a shepherd. I was stoked! I guess I just really liked it because It reminded me of being home and just sitting around a Christmas Tree with family and good food.
Christmas Morning we opened our Presents and quickly headed over to the Vanderhovens where we would eat a hearty breakfast and be able to call home. My call home lasted about 3 hours...I don't recall if President had set a time cap or not but not much we can do about that now ;). It was Fab. My companion thought it was strange after we finished how much and how little seems to change back at home. Life flies at a very different pace out here in the Field. I'm not sure if thats good or bad yet but it is what it is.
That Evening we were invited back to the Vanderhoven's grandmothers house for a sumptuous Christmas Supper. It was Superb. We spent the rest of the night playing ping pong in the basement and having a snowball fight with the Kids! I rocked one of their Cousins in the Head. It was Glorious. Oh I forgot to mention. IT SNOWED CHRISTMAS DAY! and a good about too, for here at least. With the temperature hovering just below freezing the snow was perfect for snowballs and snowmen. And also horrible for driving... So I had a slight accident in the car that night. We were trying to pull into a parking lot and another car had just gone before us. I figured that I'd given them ample room however due to the slickness and steepness of the ramp they didn't have enough momentum to make it up. She started sliding down just as I'd crossed the lane and was at the bottom of the curb. I tried to throw 'er in reverse but it landed in park instead and she slid into us. Minor cosmetic damage. a one inch crack in our front bumper and no visible damage to them. But We'll have to see how serious its going to be when I take it up with the Vehicle Coordinator... Ike!
Anyways, Church was Canceled on Sunday due to road conditions (When all everyone has on their cars are M+S tires its not hard to see why!) So we spend the morning in personal study. By early afternoon the roads had melted enough and we went to the Eliasons family for Lunch. Sis. E is Half Japanese from California!!! HALLELUJAH! I had real rice and Japanese Curry. And its was LEGIT. I was so pleased I took a large second portion, which probably wasn't the best idea since we had another supper planed shortly there after at the Jones family. But It was all worth it. I sacrificed my stomach in order to not offend the offerings of those generous families who'd gone through so much trouble to see that we'd been taken care of. Not an easy task mind you when there was scarcely two hours between feasts. But I came out conqueror. And again I got to spend time with the Jones/McBride family. They are seriously the Sweetest family!
I forgot to mention before I pay too much tribute all to one family. Bro Shorter who's a member of the Bishopbric also took us out on Thursday. He picked us up in his Prized New Mach 1, Grabber Orange, Mustang and gave us a tour of the Back creek firehall!! He was soo pleased about it all too. It felt really good to be up close and personal with a firetruck again. We toured around and he took us out to lunch afterwords to finish it off. All in all a great week. We didn't get alot of mission oriented work done, largely because most people have enough on their plate this time of year they don't care much to take the time to hear us. But thats alright. Its a new week and we have lots of followups.
I hope everyone back home had a Grand Christmas and is still enjoying the Break before work and school kick back in. Thanks to everyone that sent Christmas cards and Well wishes. I cherish them all! Keep warm up there!
Elder Sunada


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That's Incredible! (Incredible Fascism!)
Okay, so my new year's resolution was to stop calling people fascists. I haven't entirely succeeded yet. But I was watching the Neo-National Socialist Propaganda film The Incredibles and it just sputtered out on me. Probably because the machine that made it was impure, and would have ended up in the scrapheap if it wasn't for our communistic welfare state that propped its shoddy ass up.
Okay, seriously. I was enjoying The Incredibles but then it stopped working. The sounds in the movie were really cool. Right before the digital impurities started encroaching upon the entertainment that I was feeding on I was actually NOT thinking that God I wish I was watching a Werner Herzog or Kurosawa film instead. For a few seconds. And that says a lot. Especially for Neo-National Socialist Propaganda.
Please note that I say Neo-National Socialist, not Fascist! Is there a difference? Only to the fascists!
(Sorry! I swear I'll cut the habit by 2007. But seriously. I don't know how the movie ends, but it kept on saying "If everybody is special, then nobody is special." I liked the part where the big perfect blonde guy kicks the ass of the short dark-haired anemic type--only because. Also, the perfect skin reminded me of no less than the flayed factory workers so elegantly presented at The Body Worlds exhibit.)


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It has bothered me in the past. When other people have being talking about experiences they've had with their best friend, "oh - I'll ask my best friend", "I can't do la-de-da as I'll be with my best friend". I thought it was me being insecure (yes - cut me in half and, like rock, I'll have 'insecure" and "jealous" written all through me!), I do have very close friends and people I confide in, but if you asked them who their best friend was, it isn't likely that they would say me.
Then I saw this post:
"He is the one who is there for me all the time, my soul mate, the one who 'gets' me, who loves me, who puts me first, who makes me laugh, who makes me feel safe, who would walk to the ends of the earth for me, who inspires me and who I have never felt so contented and happy to be myself with. In many ways he is also like the male version of me!"
Of course - slap in the face with a wet fish moment - for the last 16 years I've been living with my best friend. Doh!
|In the beginning...
|....look what happened to us, our love grew (ha ha pass the bucket!!)


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Wearing cowboy boots is a fashion statement. Although many people choose cowboy boots because of their comfort and durability, being a fashionable item is the main reason why cowboy boots for women are chosen more often over other stylish pairs of shoes.
However, it is important to remember that just because it is fashionable does not mean it can be used anytime, under any circumstances. You also need to make sure you are wearing your boots with the right combination of clothes; else it would look less fashionable than you expect.
Here are some reminders as to when to use your boots.
1. Wear them with the right color combination. Leather boots nowadays come in different colors. Aside from the typical brown and black, they also come in red, green, white and more.
2. Use the right type at the right occasion. Some boots for women are manufactured for a specific purpose – some are for bike riding, while some are for trekking. These types have thicker soles and are more focused on comfort, fit and durability other than style. Women's boots that are worn for style have higher heels and have intricate designs, so do not confuse them with the other styles.
3. Choose a boot style that you are comfortable with. Even if you choose a highly stylish pair of cowboy boots, if you are not confident in wearing them, then it will be useless.
Now here are some tips when not to use your boots.
1. Do not stereotype cowboy boots with the ranch-style fashion. These boots are not created for use as costumes for cowboy or Western themes; rather these are created for style and as fashion statement. You have to wear them as an outfit with other clothes like dresses and jeans, not just with checkered tops and cowboy hats.
2. Do not overdo it. They are a fashion statement all on their own – you should wear something simple when wearing them. Some boots for women are embroidered with designs while others come in different cuts; hence they are fashionable already. If you wear something fashionable over it, that would be too much.
3. Do not overuse them. Creating a fashion statement is fine, just do not wear them everyday. A fashion statement will no longer be a statement if it becomes too common.
Cowboy boots for women is an investment that you should not miss. High-quality boots, although expensive, can last for three to six years, maybe even more, depending on the care that you exercise on your shoes.


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Dorothy Jean (Locey) LyonAugust 29, 1924 ~ October 8, 2017 (age 93)
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Dorothy Jean (Locey-Jackson) Lyon, age 93, of Battle Creek, passed away peacefully Sunday, October 8, 2017 at Pineview Assisted Living after a brief illness. Dorothy was born August 29, 1924 in Kalamazoo, Michigan the daughter of Neil and Florence (Taylor) Locey. She was a 1942 graduate of Mendon High School and had also lived in Los Angeles, CA, Muskegon, MI, Indianapolis, IN, Cicero, IL, Battle Creek and Cape Coral, FL. On July 22, 1943 Dorothy married her high school sweetheart, Warren Jackson. He enlisted in the Army Air Corp during WWII and was stationed in Los Angeles. When he was deployed to Italy, Dorothy moved to Kalamazoo and worked for FW Woolworth Co. Warren was killed in the line of duty on June 5, 1945. In 1946 Dorothy met her future husband, Richard F. Lyon and they were married on April 6, 1947. Richard sadly preceded her in death on October 29, 1992. For 25 years they worked together building the Lakeview Ben Franklin store. They enjoyed travelling, boating in South Haven and spending their winters in Cape Coral. They were members of the Battle Creek Boat Club and had many wonderful memories of trips with the club. Dick and Dorothy raised 3 sons: Charles (Nancy) Lyon of Battle Creek, Gary (Ann) Lyon of Coldwater and Dan (Charla) Lyon of Bristol Lake. They also raised Dick's daughter, Patricia Muniz of Battle Creek. She was a volunteer at Bronson Battle Creek as well as Cape Coral Hospital for many years. An avid reader, she also loved the Tigers and Lions, win or lose, and watched U of M and MSU football. She recently started playing Bingo at Northpointe Woods and enjoyed the many new friends she met there. Dorothy is survived by her children, 10 grandchildren, 22 great-grandchildren and 1 great-great-grandchild with another on the way, her sister June Culp of Cape Coral, FL and many nieces and nephews. She was preceded in death by her parents, sister Betty Little, husband Warren and her husband of over 45 years, Richard. The family will receive friends at the Richard A. Henry Funeral Home on Sunday, October 15, 2017 from 1:00 to 4:00 p.m. A private service will be held at Memorial Park Cemetery. In lieu of flowers, the family requests that memorial contributions be made to the Calhoun County Animal Shelter, Great Lakes Caring Hospice or the American Cancer Society. www.henryfuneralhome.org


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Hi Friends! My Classroom Reveal is FINALLY here! I've had these pictures on my camera for the longest time, but I really wasn't happy with the lighting. I tried taking the pictures at different times of the day, but I still struggled to get just-right shots. I am not very camera savvy, so I decided to go with what I had. I hope you enjoy this nonetheless.
If you've been following my blog for awhile, you will know that I recently moved from a year-round school to a traditional school. I hadn't started from scratch in a very long time. Here's what I was working with when I first walked in.
Here's the finished product. Welcome to Hollywood folks!
Let's start at the entrance.
If you follow us on Instagram, you've probably seen this picture before. I love hanging this up every year to let my seconds know that I was once in their shoes. My colleagues and many of parents love it. Needless to say, the kids can't believe that I was in second grade.
When walking into my classroom, you will see my computers to the right along with my class library.
The mathematician craftivity is from Amy Lemons.
Do you remember the space ship that I had all intentions of putting in my classroom last year to go along with my space theme? Well, it didn't make it into my classroom last year, but this year I have transformed it into a photo booth. My students can read in it during Read to Self. I think it's a great addition to my Hollywood/Movie theme.
Boggle is a big hit! I got free letters from Technology Rocks. Seriously.
I will post my Daily 5 expectations on this board.
These are reading strategies from Teri at A Cupcake for the Teacher. I have them in sheet protectors, so that I can take them out and use them as needed.
The Peace Table is used for students to talk to each other. Thy can also talk to me one-on-one in this area. I used vinyl for the gold letters.
My sink is in the back of the room with lots of counter space. It's perfect for my Keurig. Don't judge me! :) I got the mirror idea from The Teacher Wife (I think). When my kiddos need to wash their hands they can look in the mirror and know that Mrs. Holland loves them.
Here's my word wall. The bins on the counter are from Target Dollar Spot. I will use them for finished work. The awards at the top of the cabinets are from Oriental Trading.
Next to the counter space is our cubby area. One thing I love about my new room is the storage. The students keep their book bins for Read to Self underneath. I use the top of the cubbies for student mail. I also like displaying books we will read in the built-in shelves. The addition math posters were made by me. The money posters are from Amy Lemons.
This is my small group table. The Wall Pops are from Amazon. Students will be able to write on them with a dry-erase marker. I have everything I need for small group work including my guided reading toolbox on the two shelves in the back. You can read about my guided reading toolbox here.
I like to put a quote up that goes with my theme each year. I used my Silhouette Cameo to make the letters. This is near my teacher desk, but it was a mess so I didn't show it. There is also more storage space in the corner.
This is what the front of my room looks like. I have a Bravo Wall up top for student work. My Smartboard, carpet area, and easel are at the front of the classroom as well. I love displaying books that we will read on the marker tray.
My schedule, calendar, clock, and class jobs are here too!
I hope you enjoyed my classroom reveal. Thanks for sticking with me.


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This time, it's God's Crucible: Islam and the Making of Europe, 570-1215, by Pulitzer Prize winning author David Devering Lewis.
This is, as the title suggests, an early history of post-Classical Europe and the rise of Islam, exploring the trajectory of European civilization as it hurtled into the Dark Ages, and the unlikely triumph of Islamic Arab nomads over the great empires of the east, and eventually, the violent collision of these two cultures.
Lewis begins by reminding us that the clash between East and West had its beginnings with the ancient Greeks and Romans, and their wars against successive Persian Empires, with each side generally holding their own, but unable to make lasting advances against their rival.
In the pages of this book, we feel the full tragic force of the barbarian invasions and their aftermath, of a hapless Roman papacy being forced to beg warlords to spare them from destruction, and of an Eastern Empire that became increasingly distant from the West, first by geography, and eventually by religion. We see the rise of a new religion in the East, that took the eastern Mediterranean and Persia by storm, and conquered empires weakened by ceaseless conflict.
Against this seemingly unstoppable force of divinely inspired Arab warriors, the primitive petty kings and tribal leaders of Europe seemed most vulnerable. And indeed, Muslim armies did sweep across much of Visigothic Hispania (landa-hlauts, as it was called in gutteral Gothic, from which the Arabic name al Andalus was derived), the start of an Islamic presence in that country that would last some seven centuries. But Tariq Ibn Ziyad's smashing of the Visigoths on behalf of the Umayyad Caliphate was a venture undertaken without much official support from the Caliph in Damascus, thinking Hispania was too far away to administer effectively. And his successors were generally more worried about civil wars and internal strife to contemplate the subjugation of all of Europe.
So while the Pyrenees were always a war-torn border between Muslims and Franks, Umayyad al Andalus was by necessity a pragmatic society, never heavily populated by the Arab/Berber invaders, often administered by Sephardic Jews, and eventually isolated politically by the Eastern Caliphates that succeeded the Umayyads. There was no forced conversion, and little enforcement of repressive Quranic laws regarding unbelievers. In this climate of peaceful co-existence, the Umayyad capital of Cordoba became one of the most dynamic cities in the world, with its thriving economy and beautiful Friday Mosque, an architectural wonder unmatched in the rest of Europe. Scholarship also flourished, and Ancient Greek writings were translated and preserved for future generations.
Meanwhile, Europe floundered in poverty and superstition. The great king of the Franks, Charlemagne, was able to politically unite much of the former Western Empire, and became closely allied with the papacy, defending Catholicism by the sword whenever necessary, setting the stage for the enforced orthodoxy to come in later centuries. He protected Rome from the uncouth and impious Lombards, and brutally suppressed the pagan Saxons.
The contrast between the two societies could not have been more stark. While town life, trade, and academics flourished in al Andalus, the Frankish superstate was overwhelmingly rural with the poor increasingly tied to the land (the building blocks for feudalism were in place), there was little economic activity besides farming (and no tax collection; armies were raised through blackmail, and there was no concept of public works), while the learning of the Classical World was long since forgotten, replaced with an intolerant and superstitious brand of Christianity. To his credit, Charlemagne valued learning (though he himself was illiterate), and established schools throughout his kingdom. This Carolingian Renaissance was not to last, however, as Europe was engulfed by new pagan invasions, this time from Scandinavia.
Lewis allows the reader to wonder whether Europe might not have been better off if Islam had continued its northern march. Certainly, academic progression might have been swifter. The cruel economic system of feudal Europe might have been bypassed entirely. But this optimistic outlook is tempered by the narrative of al Andalus after the Umayyads, replaced by more fanatical and intolerant sects who had less use for the pragmatism of the past.
After absorbing this 700 year whirlwind of history, Lewis clearly intends the reader to develop a new found appreciation of the intertwined fates of European and Islamic civilization as they came into contact with each other. Though often bloody, these contacts also included peaceful co-existence and great advances, and that snapshot from the past is a good template for the future.
Sunday, November 9, 2008
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Choose your room
Maravel Land 3*
Swimming Pool
Outdoor swimming pool
Fitness centre
Poolside snack bar
Bar/ Lounge area
Children's pool
Children's play area
Game room
Maravel Land Hotel is rated 3 stars and is placed about 8 km from Fortezza. The traditional hotel in Rethymno attracts guests with its modern architecture.
The venue is 7 km away from Municipal Garden. The city center lies within 7 km from the venue.
The hotel is easy access to the sandy beach in Rethymno.
Room amenities at Maravel Land Hotel include climate control, wireless internet, a safe, TV and a balcony. Some of the beautiful rooms feature the sea view. Bathrooms are appointed with a bathtub, a shower and a hairdryer.
Residents can have breakfast in the bar. The property features a garden restaurant serving vegetarian dishes. Alcoholic drinks are offered in the cocktail bar. Situated 500 meters from the venue Alexandros and Taverna Dionysos serve a variety of food.
Souda airport is situated within a 50-minute drive from Maravel Land Hotel.
Guests can benefit from bicycle rentals available at the hotel.
A wellness center and a sauna are offered for guests' enjoyment. Such sports activities as mountain biking, horse riding and basketball are provided on-site.
Hotel Policy
- Coffee shop
- Front desk
Food & Drinks
- Restaurant
- Refrigerator
- Poolside snack bar
Leisure & Activities
- Swimming pool
- Fitness centre
- Outdoor swimming pool
- Beach umbrellas
- Fax/Photocopying
Room Amenities
- Television
- Children's play area
- Hair dryer
- Telephone
- Balcony
- Direct dial telephone
- In-room safe
- Game room
- Children's pool
- Cable/ Satellite television
- Bathroom
AmenitiesShow All
- Coffee shop
- Front desk


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friday i drove down to orange for marisa's birthday shindig. we had dinner at gabbimex (www.gabbimex.com). they gave us tortilla chips and salsa before our entrees came out (they were so delicious we had 6 servings!). their signature drink is the pomegranate mojito (i had two) and it was just divine. we then headed out to O's for more drinks. I bought marisa her tradtional "the nastiest" birthday shot. We then headed to denny's to get some food in our system and to sober up. I started my trek home at about 230a in the pouring rain. super scary.
i drow to adam's the next morning to hang out. we had lunch at alegria on sunset. this place is really yummy. i also had their signature drink which is the coffee ollie. it is sweetened cinnamon flavored coffee and it was super tasty. that's the website for the menu:
i have this internal alarm clock that wakes me up every morning at 6a. i can go to sleep at 4a and i will wake up at 6a. i was soooo sleepy saturday after lunch i took a two hour nap. i woke up just in time for usc football. we ordered a pizza from nicky d's in atwater village and drank some beers. after the game we watched before sunrise and ate popcorn in our new bowl and drank wine.
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Wow. We had a delightfully relaxing four days, traveling to Davis and the San Francisco area to see our kiddies. Each day the food and company were excellent, but the culinary highlight was Saturday's excursion into The City for Greek cuisine. Allison and Jeff introduced us to Kokkari , an amazing restaurant in downtown San Francisco.
Here are Pete, Daniel, Allison, Adam, and Jeff, after dining. Do they look like happy diners or what? :)
For a sample of our entrees, check these out:
And Adam and Jeff had the lamb shank. Adam is frowning because I wanted to take pictures of his food. He wanted to eat it! :) I didn't get a picture of Daniel's lambchops - I think he dug in before I started with the camera. :)
If you are ever in San Francisco, looking for an excellent dining experience, make reservations for this place. It was pricey, although in SF, I'm sure that "pricey" is relative. I'm operating from a Central Valley frame of reference, but as I told Pete afterwards, it was worth every penny. yum, yum!!! Quite the experience. :)
The following morning, we were joined by our oldest son, in Burlingame. This shot was taken after breakfast, and here is the entire family.
et al insist that it's perspective that makes Adam look so big. I assure you, he'd look just as big had he and Pete changed positions.
I think that's about it. We had a marvelous weekend, and now we're back in town. Time to pick up the needle and thread, and get back to work. Hopefully by the end of the week I'll have something lovely to show you. Until then, this will have to do...
The orchids are in full bloom, but by the end of the week, they're likely to be history. Enjoy!!
Twirly Balls is finally done!
2 weeks ago


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Fixtures and Lighting
The pieces de resistance for any bathroom remodel are its fixtures, which are your:
- Tub
- Toilet
- Sink
- Shower
These elements are what you build your perfect bathroom around, so you want to make sure that you pick exactly what you need to achieve your ideal overall look. Plus, these are usually the most expensive portions of the bathroom remodel, so it is best to have these picked out first as they take up the most room in your budget.
You want to research these fixtures as much as you can. We can help you with suggestions on good quality products, but it helps to visit showrooms to try different things out to see how they feel to you. What you might have adored in photos may not be comfortable in real life.
Sinks come in many options, and you have to decide what primary function you want it to be. An under mount sink will give you the opportunity for extra space along the rest of the counter (if you designed it that way) while a pedestal or vessel sink will eliminate that extra space and work great in smaller spaces.
Match your taps and faucets between your shower, tub, and sink. Clean sleek lines add a modern flare and an overall polished look to your remodel.
In most cases, tile is the top choice for your bathroom flooring, and it can come in:
- Natural stone
- Ceramics
- Porcelain
Whether you are going for rustic charm or polished elegance, there is a tile option for you. One of the neatest options on the market right now is tile that looks like hardwood, perfect for if you already have hardwood in other parts of your home.
It may seem obvious, but you want to avoid laying down carpet in your new bathroom. Not only could it look outdated but it also will stay in a constant state of "damp," with mildew and mold growing in a blink.
The most common types of countertops for a bathroom remodel are:
- Granite
- Marble
- Quartz
- Laminate
However, the size of your budget will likely dictate what choice you make, with marble being on the high end of the spectrum. Consider looking at local providers' remnants section. You can sometimes find the perfect-sized piece for your bathroom remodel in the excess and leftover of someone else's remodel for a discounted price.


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Gordon Korman
$9.50 for student groups
Gordon Korman
1218 Cartwright St.
Gordon Korman has been a household name for decades. Not only does he write stories that are lively and engaging for kids; he began doing it when he was just a 12-year-old kid himself. He's now the author of more than 80 books, of which there are more than 17 million copies in print. Korman is also a tuning fork when it comes to what kids are dealing with every day. Take Restart, his most recent novel, in which the school bully suffers amnesia and is shocked to learn of the torment he inflicted on his peers. Or last year's novel, Slacker, about a boy completely caught up in gaming. Come meet the man who's unleashed his imagination to the delight of young readers for almost 40 years.
Suitable for Grades 4-7.


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...of one who condemned at least 100 Hoboken families to lose their incomes at Christmas.; the imminent LAYOFFS of City workers, the result of a single word..
Because of her enabler's unwillingness to enforce one word: STOP.
GA fears for our city, and the victims of the Mason Layoffs.
But why not greet the Apocalypse in style?
If you'd like a T-shirt like the one our model is wearing above, please visit the Recall Beth Mason Gift Shop.
And you can click right here to buy Today's Featured Product:


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Feb 19, 2010 #10 (You must log in or sign up to reply here.) Show Ignored Content Topic Status: Not open for further replies. Please support our project by allowing our site to show ads. Windows* Desktop Appears Smaller than My Display Screen Remove Black Borders around Games on Laptops with Intel® Graphics Connected to HDTV Lord of the Rings*: The Return of the King Game Intel may make changes to the Software, or to items referenced therein, at any time without notice, but is not obligated to support or update the Software.
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Choppy DVD Playback While in Intel® Dual Display Clone Mode Chinese Audition* Game Error Flickering Black Bars After Upgrading Graphics Driver Can't Open Graphics Properties Window After Unplugging HDMI Cable Age this page You may not export the Software in violation of applicable export laws and regulations. You may copy the Software onto your organization's computers for your organization's use, and you may make a reasonable number of back-up copies of the Software, subject to these conditions: 1. I've located a cheap graphics card, so may just thrown in the towel on this one unless anyone has any more ideas. Intel 82810 Graphics Controller Driver Download
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Newcastle United are interested in signing the Southampton man today it seems.
Sky Sports have reported that Newcastle United have made a loan enquiry for Southampton left-back Matt Targett.
Newcastle need a new left-back after losing Vurnon Anita and Achraf Lazaar looks set to leave the Magpies today.
And, according to Sky Sports, United boss Rafael Benitez has asked Southampton about signing the 21-year-old on a season-long loan.
It is unlikely to have the option of a permanent deal after Targett penned a five-year extension with the Saints a little earlier this month, but fans of the St James's Park club seem on board with the prospect of signing him.
Solid player Targett @jamespheaney— Rob Allen (@MidlandsMag) August 31, 2017
He's not a bad little player— stefan stepanowicz (@Stepanowicz1) August 31, 2017
Well thought of this lad just signed a new 5yr deal— Rab (@Rabnufc69) August 31, 2017
Good young player— Scotty (@Scotto_1989) August 31, 2017
Good solid left back from what I've seen of him— Andy (@Andrew210692) August 31, 2017
He's a decent player.— Richard Brereton (@bagel_buns) August 31, 2017
Targett is unlikely to have Newcastle fans delirious with joy on deadline day, but he is a solid, capable young defender.
Benitez's side have lost two of their first three Premier League games this season and perhaps the Spanish manager could do with some more personnel at the other end of the field.


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Saturday, September 11, 2010
A Day To Remember 9/11
Posted by Flutterby at 10:19 PM
7 comments:
Wow. Amazing. Moving.ReplyDelete
Remember, and change for the better.ReplyDelete
Judy, I agree.ReplyDelete
thanks for the photos, I really wanted to make it down there, and my weekend was so packed I never made it. Glad I can see it through your eyes....ReplyDelete
Alas, we meet. Thank you for taking the time to read my blog from time to time. If I remember my Entomology (1956), here is what I think about the black butterfly;ReplyDelete
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Pappillionidae (sp?)
I think.. e.c.
I just like the way the picture turned out. You have an interesting blog.ReplyDelete
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Hematology Oncology Job In New York, New York
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- Community Hematology/Oncology practice with support from academic cancer center.
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LINCOLN SQUARE — Wednesday is National Running Day and Fleet Feet is celebrating with a store-to-store relay — make that a store-to-store-to-store-to-store relay.
The relay will hit all four Chicago-area Fleet Feet locations, starting in Elmhurst and then making stops at the shops in Lincoln Square and Old Town before finishing in the South Loop, covering 38 miles, one-way.
Runners are welcome to join in at any point, for as many miles as they choose, jogging along at a nine-minute mile pace — this is a marathon, and then some, not a sprint.
The approximate schedule has runners leaving Elmhurst at 1 p.m.; reaching Lincoln Square, 4762 N. Lincoln Ave., at 5 p.m.; Old Town, 1620 N. Wells St., at 6:15 p.m.; and the South Loop, 150 W. Roosevelt Road, at 7:15 p.m.
An after-party at the South Loop store, featuring refreshments and Goose Island beer, is open to all participants, whether they go the distance or not.
If running's not your thing, permission granted to partake in National Frozen Yogurt Day, National Cheese Day or National Cognac Day, also celebrated on June 4.
For more neighborhood news, listen to DNAinfo Radio here:


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Due to The reality that Provillus functions from inside (supplement) and out of doors (spray) it is ready to provide users with better effects than as opposed with hair decline programs that only offer you a single product;
Each morning and just before retiring, you ought to utilize just one complete dropper of the topical Resolution specifically with your dry scalp and hair. You then need to operate it into your hair and scalp by Carefully utilizing your fingertips. Just stay clear of having it into your mouth, eyes or nose.
This method is clinically tested and proved to become powerful in increasing* your hair health and fitness, in cutting down* hair reduction in addition to in dealing with bald spots. This method aids in nourishing your hair and hair follicles, Hence assisting in bringing dead and weak hair follicles back again to daily life.
Vitamin B6. This vitamin is critical for trying to keep well being of scalp and pores and skin in superior condition, which consequently causes it to be helpful for hair health and fitness.
Provillus is now only available on the internet and not in almost any bricks and mortar shops. Provillus is accessible on Amazon, but the ideal location to buy it's the official Web page, in which you can benefit from beautiful discount presents as well as a ninety day money back promise.
Bellow yow will discover a complete list of components A part of this dietary supplement and a brief clarification on how they can be advantageous for hair loss.
This can be an ordinary protection exam that we use to circumvent spammers from developing bogus accounts and spamming people.
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In advance of purchasing this item you should also Look at total list of elements which can be included in Provillus and ensure that you do not need allergic reactions to any of them. Among warnings you can come across within the label of this item suggest that it shouldn't be used by Ladies that are both breastfeeding or pregnant. Also you need to know this products is not targeted at individuals whose hair reduction is patchy or unexpected.
All Provillus ingredients are flawlessly Secure and also the item includes minerals and natural vitamins together with elements that have been established to prevent hair loss and regrow it back again.
In addition it has a variety of nutrients in vital oils that aid to condition website your scalp and endorse healthier hair expansion. Be confident that there is NO Provillus scam and if you employ it then you'll want to start to see a improve within your hair growth styles in just a number of months.
Product technical check here specs are acquired from third parties, and when we make each exertion to assure the precision of item information, we do not believe any liability for inaccuracies.
Vitamin B6 is really a drinking water-soluble vitamin that exists in 3 main chemical types: pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine. It performs numerous types of functions in Your system and is also essential for excellent overall health and hair advancement. Such as, vitamin B6 will Increase the manufacture of more than a hundred enzymes involved in the metabolism of proteins.
Provillus is actually a hair regrowth remedy that features a topical Remedy that you placed on your scalp day-to-day. This Remedy consists of minoxidil, and component which has been authorized from the FDA and has long been clinically confirmed to market hair growth. When you are looking at obtaining an item that guarantees to increase hair and does not incorporate minoxidil, then it is a rip-off, period of time.
- 288 Visitors


text: Well I honestly don't really hate anyone. A lot of people have hurt me in the past but I choose to forgive and forget, because I really hate drama. Its all so stupid, girls just like putting other girls down so they feel better about themselves. When honestly you should feel good about yourself no matter what. You don't need to hurt someone else, you just need to love yourself. Well thats all I have to say for this letter..because really, I don't believe in hating.


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Norfolk, Virginia
When the weather cools, we head for the sun. It is a pattern known to travelers but it is seen to an even greater degree in the natural world with birds. Songbirds that nest in the vast boreal forests of the northern hemisphere follow the warmer weather south throughout fall migrations. While this goes on obscurely to most of us, in some areas the geography funnels the billions of birds into our lives. Some of the best places to meet these migrants is on ships.
Songbirds typically migrate at night in order to avoid daytime predators, strong winds and to read the directory of the night sky. Unfortunately in their drive south, they may occasionally launch themselves over open water with no place to land when the sun rises and reveals their predicament. Morning brings exhaustion so they land where they can and that is often on passing ships.
White-throated sparrows migrating down the east coast of America can often find themselves in this situation as the coastline cuts away to the west as they fly south. They normally stop their migrations once they reach the south states, but in one instance, I sailed with a white-throat to the edge of its universe and back.
Arriving on ship off Cape Hatteras the little bird made a fine living off the crumbs and spills enjoying free passage to Barbados. That island however remains a place where no white-throat has ever been spotted since it stayed on ship that day- and every day until we returned to Norfolk. Upon arrival to its intended over wintering grounds, the songbird made its way inland after an epic detour for a white-throated pioneer.


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Just being on location and walking the streets can give a researcher a better idea of the lay of the land. How close did your family live to major buildings and roadways? Was there anything noteworthy about their house or neighbourhood? You won't know what questions you can answer until you visit.
One of the families that I was researching lived close to Spring Garden Road in Halifax. When they lived there, the street was called Rottenburg but the name was changed to Clyde. The area has been redeveloped so the original houses no longer stand but I got a sense of the area, with its short blocks, and some idea of the houses that had been there by checking out streets close by. The area is known as Schmidtville. Maybe a search for histories of the area will give me a better idea of the family's living conditions and why anyone would call a street Rottenburg.
Besides looking at areas where the family lived, being in Halifax gave me access to other information sources. The brand-new Halifax Library has a large area for local history research. I spent some time there looking at Acadian resources but, I am sure there were resources there that would have answered some of my questions about Schmidtville. I just have to come up with a game plan for my next visit.
The new Halifax Library
One of the highlights of my trip was a visit to the Immigration Museum at Pier 21. I went there on a whim because none of my family actually came through Pier 21 when entering Canada. The information there was about the whole immigration experience. There were photos of families entering at different time periods in different places including Dorval Airport, my own point of entry.
Canadian Museum of Immigration - Pier 21
While at Pier 21, I went to the Scotiabank Family History Centre. My aim was to confirm my grandfather's point of entry in 1911, after all, I had that research pretty well nailed down. I gave my information to the young lady at one of the computer terminals and she came up with two possibilities for my grandfather's point of entry. You know what, the second entry, the one that I didn't have, looks like a better bet. It just goes to show that it pays to keep an open mind!


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Positive Image unisex hair care.
Organized by: Barry Stewart
Clean cut...
October 11, 2016
I grew up in the neighborhood that I live in today. I always had a passion for cutting hair. At 14 my mom and grandmother let me cut hair at there house to stay out of trouble. Shortly after that I started working in a barbershop as a shop boy. I use to clean the shop. Then I started cutting. My goal is to open a barber shop in the neighborhood, and give a positive atmosphere full of love, hope, encouragement, class and style to the people. Most of all I want to give back to the community by offering Free hair cuts twice a year to the less fortunate. Thanks and God bless.
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Category: Scams in the City
Taking Leaf of Their Sanity
Kenneth YeungMay 09, 2017
A conman has been arrested near Jakarta after fleecing at least Rp.1 billion (US$75,000) from people who believed his "religious powers" could transform leaves into...
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Jessie PrasetyaMay 04, 2017
A huge price disparity between local and foreign tourists reaching every sector from transportation threatens Indonesia's tourism industry.
The Rise and Danger of Fake News
Kenneth YeungApr 26, 2017
Fake news, a symptom of lazy journalism and deliberate mischief-making, is everywhere. Consequences can be fatal. Many moons ago, "fake news" used to be the domain...
Fake Diplomas Reflect Indonesia's Broken Education System
Jessie PrasetyaApr 25, 2017
With chop shops camouflaged as "foreign-licensed" universities or "economic institutes", the demand for fake diplomas is growing in Indonesia.
Hoax Tourism Expo Scams Exhibitors
Kenneth YeungApr 11, 2017
There's a whole industry devoted to making money by exploiting corporate vanity through promotional activities, listings and awards. The ASEAN Travel Mart 2017 was...
Elaborate Blackjack Scam Targets Unwary Expats
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German Expat and Indonesian Wife Jailed for Bali Resort Swindle
Kenneth YeungMar 15, 2017
A German and his Indonesian wife convinced an Australian and his Indonesian wife to invest over US$700,000 in the expansion of a resort in Bali. They then used the money...
Papuans Tricked into Sending Kids to Fake Schools
Kenneth YeungFeb 28, 2017
On February 17, police arrested a woman for holding seven Papuan children, aged four to 13, at a house on Jalan Intisari Raya in Pasar Rebo, East Jakarta. The woman,...
Aura Explorers Abusing Girls
Kenneth YeungFeb 13, 2017
Is negative energy preventing you from achieving your goals or passing a test? Do you want to be more attractive and successful? Then perhaps you need your aura cleansed...
Online Dating Deception
Kenneth YeungJan 30, 2017
Love and lust, facilitated by dating apps, can make people blind to fraud. Indonesia's dating scene has changed big time over the past 20 years. Going to bars in the...
New Year, Old Cons
Kenneth YeungJan 16, 2017
Despite repeated calls for a national 'mental revolution', Indonesia remains ripe for scams perpetrated by self-styled holy men claiming magical powers. Police in...
Dirty Money
Kenneth YeungDec 14, 2016
When buying votes or buying sex, some people resort to using counterfeit cash. Results can be fatal. The precise amount of counterfeit money in circulation in Indonesia...
The Old School Swindle
Kenneth YeungNov 28, 2016
Police in Jakarta have busted a syndicate that tricked parents into believing their children had been involved in accidents, requiring the immediate transfer of funds...
Opinion: Rent-a-Mobs & Religious Red Herrings
Kenneth YeungNov 14, 2016
(Note: The views, anecdotes and opinions in this article belong to the writer and do not necessarily reflect those of Indonesia Expat.) Paying people to stage...