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Sunday, October 28, 2007
Reference List
Barber, N. (1998). Secular changes in standards of bodily attractiveness in American women: Different masculine and feminine ideals. The Journal of Psychology, 132, 87-94.
Baron, R.A., Byrne, D., & Branscombe, N.R. (2006). Social Psychology (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Baumeister, R.F., & Bushman, B.J. (2008). Social Psychology and Human Nature. Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education.
Breckler, S.J., Olson, J.M., & Wiggins, E.C. (2006). Social Psychology Alive. Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education.
Byrne, D. (1997). An overview of research and theory within the attraction paradigm. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 14, 417-431.
Byrne, D., & Clore, G.L. (1970). A reinforcement-affect model of evaluative responses. Personality: An International Journal, 1, 103-128.
Cunningham, M.R., Barbee, A.P., & Pike, C.L. (1990). What do women want? Facialmetric assessment of multiple motives in the perception of male and female facial physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 61-72.
Dittes, J.E., & Kelley, H.H. (1956). Effects of different conditions of acceptance upon conformity to group norms. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 53, 100-107.
Festinger, L., Schachter, S., & Back, K. (1950). Social pressures in informal groups: A study of human factors in housing. New York: Harper.
Fraley, B., & Aron, A. (2004). The effect of a shared humorous experience on closeness in initial encounters. Personal Relationships, 11, 61-78.
Gangestad, S.W., & Scheyd, G. (2005). The evolution of human physical attractiveness. Annual Review of Anthropology, 34, 523-548.
Grammer, K., & Thornhill, R. (1994). Human (Homo Sapiens) facial attractiveness and sexual selection: The role of symmetry and averageness. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 108, 233-242.
Johnson, S. (2003). Laughter. Discover, 62-68.
Joiner, T.E. Jr. (1994). The interplay of similarity and self-verification in relationship formation. Social Behavior and Personality, 22, 195-200.
Kalick, S.M., & Hamilton III, T.E. (1986). The matching hypothesis reexamined. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 673-682.
Klohnen, E.C., & Luo, S. (2003). Interpersonal attraction and personality: What is attractive- Self similarity, ideal similarity, complementarity, or attachment security. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 709-722.
Langlois, J.H., & Roggman, L.A. (1990). Attractive faces are only average. Psychological Science, 1, 115-121.
Lehr, A.T., & Geher, G. (2006). Differential effects of reciprocity and attitude similarity across long versus short term mating contexts. The Journal of Social Psychology, 146, 423-439.
Mealey, L., Bridgstock, R., & Townsend, G.C. (1999). Symmetry and perceived facial attractiveness: A monozygotic co-twin comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 151-158.
Michener, H.A., & DeLamater, J.D. (1999). Social Psychology (4th ed.). Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
Saegert, S., Swap, W., & Zajonc, R.B. (1973). Exposure, context and interpersonal attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 25, 234-242.
Singh, D. (1993). Adaptive significance of female physical attractiveness: Role of waist-hip ratio. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 293-307.
South, S. J. (1991). Socio-demographic differentials in mate selection preferences. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 928-940.
Swami, V., Caprario, C., Tovee, M.J., & Furnham, A. (2006). Female physical attractiveness in Britain and Japan: A cross cultural study. European Journal of Personality, 20, 69-81.
Swami, V., et al. (2007). Male physical attractiveness in Britain and Greece: A cross cultural study. The Journal of Social Psychology, 147, 15-26.
Vaughan, G.M., & Hogg, M.A. (2005). Introduction to Social Psychology (4th ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia.
Walster, E., Aronson, V., Abrahams, D., & Rottmann, L. (1966). Importance of physical attractiveness in dating behaviour. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 508-516.
Hot or Not: A Social-Psychological Inquiry into Interpersonal Attraction and Attractiveness Perception.
A multitude of variables influence the perception of attractiveness in romantic and sexual relationships. Propinquity, similarity, personality and affect, reciprocity, reinforcement and physical attractiveness have been discussed as influencing factors of interpersonal attraction. Further, this blog asserts that attraction is influenced by cultural and societal context, by history, time and generational influences and by innate evolutionary drives. An integrational model is proposed, whereby the author theorises that interpersonal attraction depends on many interacting models, theories and research reports. Concept maps, examples and numerous models complete the analysis.
Attractiveness and interpersonal attraction are defined as the allure, magnetism or liking between two or more people (Breckler, Olsen, & Wiggins, 2006). This blog will analyse why some people are considered attractive, specifically within a romantic and sexual context. It will discuss the concepts of propinquity, similarity and the interaction between personality/affect and attraction. Next, reciprocity, reinforcement and physical attractiveness will be assessed. Factors influencing the perception of attractiveness will be analysed including: cross cultural, trans-generational and evolutionary variables. Finally, this blog will propose an 'Integrational Model' of attractiveness, theorising that many interacting theories and research findings can provide a comprehensive explanation of why some people are considered attractive.
Propinquity is a potent catalyst of attraction. It is defined the nearness or proximity in physical or psychological space which creates the opportunity to meet another person (Vaughan & Hogg, 2005). Propinquity facilitates initial relationships and attraction creating familiarity and repeated exposure (Breckler et al., 2006).
Proximity Theory.
Close proximity to another includes a small functional distance and opportunity for continued interaction, which can significantly increase the likelihood of attraction (Sprecher, 1998). Housing research by Festinger, Schacter and Back (1950) found that people rated attraction, magnetism and friendship highest with those living on the same residential floor; rather than those living on other floors or distant buildings (Appendix A); this research evidence the potent effects of proximity on interpersonal attraction.
The Mere Exposure Effect.
The mere exposure effect is a theory explaining the tendency for people to come to like things simply because they see or encounter them repeatedly (Baumeister & Bushman, 2008). Research highlights that repeated exposure to an individual increases attraction and favourabilty. One study by Saegert, Swap, and Zajonk (1973) determined that mere exposure in both positive and negative contexts increased interpersonal attraction. Saegert et al. found that an increased frequency of stimuli enhanced liking and interpersonal attraction. Repeated exposure to another increases the perception of attractiveness (Vaughan & Hogg, 2005).
Similarity of attitudes, values, personality or physical attractiveness is one of the most important determinants of attraction (Sprecher, 1998).
Attitude Similarity Effect.
The attitude-similarity effect is the idea that people find others more attractive and likable the more similar they are in attitudes, beliefs and preferences; including opinions and cognitions about current events, social and political issues, religion, morality, music, literature and similar personalities (Breckler et al., 2006). Research by Lehr and Geher (2006) found that participants presented with potential mates with similar attitudes, judged them as more likable and attractive than dissimilar mates (Lehr & Geher). The attitude similarity effect is prime example of similarity and attractiveness.
Matching Hypothesis.
People who are evenly matched in physical appearance, social background, personality, socioeconomic status, interests and leisure activities are significantly more likely to be considered attractive by their similar counterpart (Joiner, 1994). Matching hypothesis specifically elucidates that people are attracted to others who are similar in physical attractiveness (Kalick & Hamilton III, 1986) (Appendix-B).
Similarity is important in attraction because it produces cognitive consistency, reinforcement through positive outcomes, reinforcement through attitude validation and the high probability of reciprocity because of the perceived similarities (Michener & DeLamater, 1999). Correspondingly, personality and affect are also important determinants of attraction.
Personality & Affect.
Numerous theories and research studies suggest that personality and affect are the most important determinants attraction (Sprecher, 1998). As the attitude similarity effect suggests, similar or complementary personalities are most attractive (Klohnen & Lou, 2003). Research by Sprecher displayed that a desirable personality and friendly, warm and kind disposition were the most important determinants of attraction.
Affect, a person's emotional state, is a further psychosocial variable of attractiveness perception. Related to personality, a positive affect and cheerful disposition have a direct effect on interpersonal attraction (Byrne, 1997). Byrne and Clore's (1970) Affect-Attraction model highlights the relationship between positive and negative affect and interpersonal attraction (Appendix-C). Humor is a further powerful predictor of attraction, helping to strengthen social bonds and increase liking (Johnson, 2003). The Laughter-Attraction model highlights the relationship between humor and attractiveness (Fraley & Aron, 2004) (Appendix-D).
Reciprocity Theory.
The reciprocity principle is the tendency in people to become more attracted to those whom they believe are attracted to them (Lehr & Geher, 2006); we like those who like us and dislike those who dislike us (Vaughan & Hogg, 2005).
Reciprocation of liking has a powerful effect on attraction in romantic relationships and friendships; and is an important factor in finding a mate attractive (Baumeister & Bushman, 2008).
Reinforcement theory asserts that people tend to be attracted to those who reward or praise them; or are present when one receives rewards (Michener & DeLamater, 1999).
Reinforcement Affect Model.
Reinforcement affect model is a model of attraction which postulates that we like people who are around when we experience a positive feeling. Byrne and Clore's (1970) reinforcement affect model (Appendix-F) draws on classical conditioning, with paired positive stimuli and responses increasing and reinforcing liking and attraction.
Social Exchange Theory.
An extension of the reinforcement model is the social exchange theory, which analyses the costs and benefits of interacting with another, especially within a sexual attraction realm (South, 1991). Research has highlighted that such reinforcement rewards include sex, money, attention, respect, praise, love and enjoyment (Sprecher, 1998). Reinforcement is a strong predictor of attraction as it is pleasing to receive praise, rewards and positive feedback (Sprecher).
Physical Attractiveness.
Physical attractiveness is the combination of tangible characteristics that are evaluated as beautiful or handsome (Baron, Byrne, & Branscombe, 2006). Good looks have been found to outweigh many other factors of attraction (Walster, Aronson, Abrahams, & Rottman, 1966). Physical attractiveness is a far more crucial attractiveness variable for women than men; as it denotes youth, fertility and health (Walster at al.). Physical attractiveness includes facial and bodily features.
Facial Features.
The structure of the face, facialmetrics, involves the measurement of a large number of facial features to determine the proportions and measurements of an attractive face. Research by Cunningham, Barbee, and Pike (1990) found that men prefer women with large eyes, a small nose and chin, prominent cheekbones, high eyebrows, large pupils and a large smile. Research has also shown that women with pout lips and an even skin tone are considered more attractive (Barber, 1998). Cunningham et al. found that females preferred men with prominent cheekbones, a large chin, a wide smile and eyes that did not deviate from the average (Appendix-G).
Averageness theory holds that people who look different from the norm are generally regarded as less attractive (Baumeister & Bushman, 2008) (Appendix-H). Langlois and Roggman (1990) assert that evolutionary pressures and natural selection generally favour average rather than extreme population features; and the influence of prototypes and cognitive schemas bias people toward average, prototypical faces. Facial averageness is influenced by biological, cognitive, and mere exposure psychosocial factors in the perception of attractiveness (Langlois & Roggman).
Facial symmetry is the equilibrium or mirrored proportion of the human face, which is a strong determinant of physical attractiveness (Mealey, Bridgstock, & Townsend, 1999). Facial symmetry has been found to be important in conveying information about gender, sexual maturity, immune quality and genotypic quality (Mealey et al.). Computer-generated symmetry research conducted by Grammer and Thornhill (1994) found significant positive effects for facial symmetry and attractiveness in both males and females. (Appendix-I).
Bodily Features.
Male and female body shape and weight are asserted as important in the judgement of why some people are considered attractive.
Body shape is an important component of physical attractiveness and sex appeal. Typically, men prefer the classic hourglass figure in a women (waist hip ratio of .70) as it signifies youthfulness, good health and fertility (Singh, 1993). The typically desired body shape for men is the 'triangle' consisting of a waist hip ratio of 1.0 and larger shoulders (Singh) (Appendix-J). The judgement of attractiveness and weight is, however, largely determined by cultural context, time period and innate factors.
Factors Influencing Attraction.
Attraction, specifically physical attraction, is significantly influenced by the context of culture, time period and innate evolutionary factors. Research on female physical attractiveness was conducted by Swami, Caprario, Tovee, and Furnham (2006), which found that Japanese men preferred images of women with significantly lower Body-Mass-Indexes and were significantly more reliant on body shape than British participants. Additionally, research on male physical attractiveness across British and Greek participants asserts that Greek women show a significantly greater preference for a low waist-to-chest ratio and a smaller overall body weight than did British women (Swami et al. 2007). Cross cultural variances in attraction are explained through historical, societal, gender-role and socioeconomic contexts. The perception of why people are attractive is a complex and uncertain concept that is influenced by culture and time (Carr, 2003).
Attractiveness perception of females has also evolved through generations (Barber, 1998). Appendix-K provides a trans-generational analysis of attractiveness. The perception of attractiveness is also influenced by innate biological and evolutionary drives. Men are attracted to women who have biological markers of fertility, health, youth, high estrogen levels and good child bearing ability. Women are attracted to men who show signs of power, virility, aggression and wealth to supply resources (Gangestad & Scheyd, 2005).
Integrational Model.
A multitude of factors determine why some people are considered attractive. This blog hypothesises an 'integrational model' illustrating propinquity, similarity, personality and affect, reciprocity, reinforcement and physical attractiveness are important psychosocial variables in the perception of attractiveness. Integrational model suggests that attraction relies on the combination and interaction of psychosocial variables and asserts that these variables are influenced by factors such as culture, time and innate evolutionary drives (Appendix-L).
In conclusion, many psychosocial variables determine the perception of interpersonal attraction (Concept Map-A) yet due to space restrictions, I have included what I believe are the most formative and integral components in attraction including: propinquity, similarity, personality and affect, reciprocity, reinforcement, physical attractiveness and factors influencing attractiveness perception (Concept Map-B). This blog has highlighted and discussed these variables through analysis of theories, models and research evidence. Interpersonal attraction and the perception of attractiveness is a complex construct, with myriad psychosocial determinants.
1547 words excluding references, headings, citations and appendices.
For Reference List : Please Visit Reference List
Self Assessment
* I have attempted to incorporate a breadth and depth of theories and models.
* I have analysed theories and models and included many of the models in the appendix. I have also formulated my own 'Integrational Model'.
* I have included many theories and models of 'attractiveness' including Proximity theory, mere exposure effect, attitude similarity effect, matching hypothesis, reciprocity theory, reinforcement affect model, social exchange theory, and averageness theory.
* I have attempted to incorporate a breadth and depth of research studies.
* I have integrated theory and research- detailing information about theories and evidencing them with appropriate research and references.
* I have an extensive reference list of 26 main references- evidencing a multitude of research reports and academic journals
* I researched the topic extensively- this can be seen with my clear evolution of thinking, extensive reference list and concept map A- showing a great understanding of the entire field of attractiveness.
Written Expression
* It is my belief that my blog has fluently expressed and analysed the 'Attractiveness' question.
* I believe that I have answered the question. Providing information on why some people are considered attractive and factual analysis of theories, models, and research studies.
* I have attempted to publish a smooth, easy to follow blog. I have an abstract, introduction which clearly highlights the direction of my blog, and headings throughout the blog. I have also given a definitive conclusion to my blog.
* Readability Analysis- I Received a Gunning Fog Index of: 17.21 I Received a Flesch Reading Ease of: 17.51
I understand that this is not as 'desirable' as hoped- yet I believe that my writing is academic yet simple and comprehensible. I have also formatted my blog to be highly readable.
Other Markers of Readability-
* I have included a meaningful, descriptive essay title
* I have included an abstract
* I have included subheadings
* I have included many figures to give a greater breadth of knowledge to my blog.
* I have included images and multimedia
* I have included appendices.
* Use of Examples- I have used copious amounts of examples- I have used pictures of well known celebrities that typify aspects of my blog. I have used models and diagrams to evidence and example many of the theories and research findings.
* I have included many Appendices to further explain, clarify or illustrate my findings.
* APA style- I have conformed to the APA standards throughout my blog- In text citations and referencing have been strictly adhered to.
Online Engagement
* It is my belief that I have had a high online engagement for blog 2.
* I chose my topic very early in the term, showing enthusiasm and preparedness.
* I have published many blogs throughout the term.
* I Have sought and gathered meaningful comments throughout the term. I have commented on the following peoples blogs:
-Beck's Blog
-Bec's Blog
-Bethany's Blog
-Emma's Blog
-Emily's Blog
-Erin's Blog
-Graham's Blog
-Josie's Blog
-Kim's Blog
-Luke's Blog
-Mike's Blog
-Mrs Freud's Blog
* In turn, I have received over 36 comments on my blog from other students and James. Which has assisted in the depth of my knowledge
* I have meaningfully replied to several of my comments- clarifying points, discussing ideas and assisting other students with blogging issues.
* I have published 16 bloggings- each time I have posted my essay have evolved and grown in depth and breadth. I have written meaningful insights, academic findings and published a draft introduction to get feedback on the progress and direction of my blog.
* I have read and noted many of my comments- and adapted my blog accordingly.
* I have certainly made effective use of multimedia- images, embedded video- I have posted a series of attractiveness videos, have posted the dove evolution of beauty campaign and have provided many photo's to evidence the research that I have detailed.
* I Have received 3 * (Stars) on my blog which highlights that my blog has been active, regular and that I have had a clear evolution of thinking in weeks 8-15.
* I believe my online engagement to be extremely high. I have made MANY comments, suggested academic journals to other students, collaborated with students who are doing similar questions. I have made MANY blog postings and have effectively utilised the entire blog format- using video, pictures, polls etc.
I believe that I deserve at least a distinction + for my online engagement. I have been very active, enthusiastic and open throughout the semester.
Overall I believe that I have produced a meaningful, insightful and deep blog. I have detailed and discussed many theories, models and research studies. I have done a great deal of research on the topic and consider myself to be very knowledgeable on the entire 'attractiveness' topic. I am disappointed that I could not have written 3000 words, because I found so much valuable research and theory to include.
I have written a clear, concise, readable blog and have engaged, evolved and been enriched throughout the term. I believe that I deserve to do well, as I have put an enormous amount of effort into my blog.
Saturday, October 27, 2007
Concept Map A
Concept Map B
Appendix A: Propinquity
Festinger, Schacter, & Back (1950) studied propinquity in apartments and determined that those closest were more likely to be attracted or liked.
Propinquity permits attraction because of familiarity, availability and expectation of continued interaction (Vaughan & Hogg, 2005).
The Festinger physical proximity experiment found those in apartments 1 and 6 interacted frequently; 5 and 10; and those next door to eachother.
Festinger, L., Schachter, S., & Back, K. (1950). Social pressures in informal groups: A study of human factors in housing. New York: Harper.
Vaughan, G.M., & Hogg, M.A. (2005). Introduction to Social Psychology (4th ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia.
Appendix B: Matching Hypothesis
Mismatched- Heidi Klum and Seal- Very different attractiveness levels (Heidi is a Victoria Secret Model), different race, 10 years age difference.
Joiner, T.E. Jr. (1994). The interplay of similarity and self-verification in relationship formation. Social Behavior and Personality, 22, 195-200.
Appendix C: Attraction-Affect Model
Byrne, D., & Clore, G.L. (1970). A reinforcement-affect model of evaluative responses. Personality: An International Journal, 1, 103-128.
Appendix D: Laughter-Attraction Model
Appendix E: Reciprocity- The Gain Loss Hypothesis
Appendix F: Reinforcement Affect Model
Some people are attractive because they supply us with rewards, praise or benefits- which makes us associate them with pleasurable experiences (Michener & DeLameter, 1999).
A variation of reinforcement theory derived from learning is the reinforcement affect model (Byrne & Clore, 1970); drawn from Classical Conditioning, which asserts:
* People identify stimuli as rewarding or punishing and seek out the former while avoiding the latter.
* Positive feelings are associated with rewarding stimuli
* People can be liked or disliked depending on whether they are associated with positive or negative stimuli. (Vaughan & Hogg, 2005)
Byrne, D., & Clore, G.L. (1970). A reinforcement-affect model of evaluative responses. Personality: An International Journal, 1, 103-128.
Michener, H.A., & DeLamater, J.D. (1999). Social Psychology (4th ed.). Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
Vaughan, G.M., & Hogg, M.A. (2005). Introduction to Social Psychology (4th ed.). Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia.
Appendix G: Facial Features/Facialmetrics
Facial Features:
Women: Large Eyes, small nose and chin, prominent cheekbones, high eyebrows, large pupils, large smile, pout lips and even skin tone.
Celebrity Example: Carmen Electra typifies an attractive woman from the previous list.
Men: Prominent Cheekbones, large chin, wide smile, eyes that do not deviate from the average. Evolutionary theory also favours men who have bushy dark eyebrows and facial hair- as a sign of testosterone and verility.
Celebrity Example: Patrick Dempsey typifies each component of male facial attractiveness.
Barber, N. (1998). Secular changes in standards of bodily attractiveness in American women: Different masculine and feminine ideals. The Journal of Psychology, 132, 87-94.
Breckler, S.J., Olson, J.M., & Wiggins, E.C. (2006). Social Psychology Alive. Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education.
Cunningham, M.R., Barbee, A.P., & Pike, C.L. (1990). What do women want? Facialmetric assessment of multiple motives in the perception of male and female facial physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 61-72.
Appendix H: Facial Averageness
Facial averageness is influenced by biological, cognitive and learning factors.
Again, a composite of the Miss Universe 2005 contestants proved to be more attractive than the actual winner- survey's report.
Langlois, J.H., & Roggman, L.A. (1990). Attractive faces are only average. Psychological Science, 1, 115-121.
Appendix I: Facial Symmetry
Those people with symmetrical faces are considered highly physically attractive: from a fashion and evolutionary viewpoint.
Left Not Symmetrical; Right Symmetrical
Please View http://www.symmeter.com/ for a personal facial symmetry analusis of an uploaded picture of yourself.
Baumeister, R.F., & Bushman, B.J. (2008). Social Psychology and Human Nature. Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education.
Appendix J: Bodily Features
Left To Right: Ratio 0.70; 0.80; 0.90; 1.0.
Celebrity Jessica Alba has a .70 WHR- with measurements 34-24-34. She is considered an 'attractive ideal' in Western Society in 2007.
Men- are typically considered as attractive with a 'triangle' physique consisting of a waist hip ratio of 1.0 with large shoulders and chest.
Men: Ratio Left to Right: .70; .80; .90; 1.0.
Breckler, S.J., Olson, J.M., & Wiggins, E.C. (2006). Social Psychology Alive. Belmont, CA: Thomson Higher Education.
Appendix K- Trans-Generational Analysis.
Throughout the 1920's and 30's the thin, flapper look was the ideal, with short dark hair and masculine qualities: dictated by the depression, war etc.
Twiggy is the epitome of the 1960's female physique landscape, with a thin frame, long legs, geometric clothing and hair and sullen face.
Appendix L: Integrational Model
Thursday, October 25, 2007
Matching Hypothesis and Celebrity Couples
Monday, October 22, 2007
Introduction- Attractiveness
Let me know if there is anything else that should be included.
Attractiveness and interpersonal attraction are defined as the allure, magnetism or liking between two or more people (Breckler, Olsen, & Wiggins, 2006). Interpersonal attraction utilises a multitude of social psychological theories and research. This blog will analyse why some people are considered attractive. It will discuss the concept of propinquity including proximity, the mere exposure effect and balance theory. Next this blog will analyse similarity and attraction including the attitude similarity effect and matching hypothesis. Reinforcement and attraction will also be highlighted, discussing the reinforcement-affect model, social exchange theory and equity theory. The concept of reciprocity will be addressed, analysing reciprocity theory and the gain loss hypothesis. Further, this blog will discuss the relationship between physical attractiveness and attraction including theories of facial features and bodily features. Attractiveness perception will be discussed in a cross cultural and trans-generational context. Finally, this blog will propose an 'Integrational Model' of attractiveness theorising that many interacting theories and research findings can provide a comprehensive explanation of why some people are considered attractive.
Monday, October 15, 2007
Cross Cultural Perception of Attractiveness
Different studies have highlighted that across cultures and ethnic groups- attractiveness ratings differs.
* Cunningham, Roberts, Wu, Barbee, & Druen (1995) found a correlation Hispanics and Whites perception of facial attractiveness, but found that Asians were less influenced by sexual maturity and expressive features. (Exposure to Western media did not influence attractiveness ratings). It was also found that facial attractiveness was highly correlated between Whites and Blacks--- but a major difference in the perception of attractive bodies. The 'Blacks' (as the study calls African American & African participants) found a larger woman more attractive than the 'whites' (Caucasian participants).
* Swami et al (2007)- Male physical attractiveness in Britain and Greece- found that Greek women showed a stronger preference for a lower Waist to Chest Ratio and a smaller overall body weight. It is argued that gender roles are different in each country and that an attractive body for Greek women is a man with a muscular frame and V shaped torso. This is reflected in many ancient Greek art works and Greek culture- that masculinity and an athletic V shaped body is ideal.
* Swami et al (2006) Female physical attractiveness in Britain and Japan- found many cross cultural differences occur between British and Japanese perception of an attractive female body. Results showed that Japanese participants prefered images of women with significantly lower Body Mass Indexes than Britons. Results also showed that Japanese participants were more reliant on body shape than Britons when judging physical attractiveness. This journal discusses that Japanese people endorse an extremely thin body Ideal- Sociocultural Theory. They also argue western society may have influenced japanese perception of attractiveness.
Again, this study asserts that gender roles may be important in the perception of attractiveness cross culturally- One example from another example is:
2 distinct cultures Denmark (rich, less sex role stereotyped) and Portugal (poorer, more sex role stereotyped)- Finding Portugese subjects display a much stronger preference for traditional thin and hourglass females and V shaped males- perhaps this could apply for the Japanese predominance for a thinner female- and the importance of attractiveness in Japanese Culture.
Attractiveness not only changes from culture to culture.... but has also changed over time.
* Barber- documented the female bodily attractiveness standard for Miss america and Playboy over time... and also juxtaposed the body types of Women in Playboy (mens attraction magazine) and Vogue (womens fashion magazine) and showed that women in Playboy were far more buxom and curvaceous- which men found significantly more appealing.
Just a few of the interesting things that I have found...
Attractiveness perception appears to be fluid in some respects and stagnant is others.
Physical Attractiveness especially appears to be very very fickle....
Saturday, October 6, 2007
Attractiveness- A rough draft. Why are some people attractive?
ISSUE 1) What sort of attraction am I talking about. Is it just 'sexual' attraction, 'interpersonal' attraction, 'relationship' attraction, 'friendship' attraction...
I am thinking of stating that it will be 'interpersonal' attraction with a predominance towards intimate relationship attraction (as that is what most of the research is about).
Introduction- Introduce what attractiveness is, give direction for the essay.
* Nearness or proximity in physical or psychological space which creates the opportunity to meet another person'.
* The likelihood of meeting, spatial ecology and functional distance. 'Westgate and Westgate West experiment- where it was found that proximity and physical closeness somewhat predicted relationships and friendships.
* Familiarity/Mere Exposure- Proximity generally leards to increased exposure and greater familiarity.
* Availability- People who live close by are accessible- and interaction requires little effort and rewards of interacting are low cost.
* Expectation of continued interaction- (Balance Theory)- It would be an uncomfortable experience not to get along with neighbours- greater interaction is anticipated. Berscheid experiment (1976) where university students rated higher attraction to someone who they perceived as a greater accessibility and continued interaction.
Attitude similarity effect- the idea that peope find others more attractive and likeable the more similar they are in attitudes, beliefs and preferences.
* Compatible attitudes
* Self disclosure
* Matching Hypothesis
* Birds of a feather flock together v opposites attract
* Similar beliefs, morals, SES, status, edication, intelligence, personality- (Research)
* Liking begets reciprocal liking.
* If someone likes you, it is hard to resist liking that person in return.
* Mimicking (Confederate research study Chartrant & Bargh, 1999)
* Unrequited love
The are attracted to someone who brings about favourable rewards for us.
* Reinforcement-affect model
*Social Exchange Theory
* Exchange or rewards including: goods, information, love, money, services, status.
* Equity Theory
* Facial Symmetry
* Facial Features (eyes, nose, cheekbones, jawline, facial fat)
* Bodily features (Waist hip ratio; Body mass index; height)
* Body Odour (Pheremones, perfumes, foul odour)
* Hopefully I will be able to incorperate some cross cultural and 'over generations or centuries' theories and research to highlight that 'why some people are considered attractive; is a plastic concept- a malleable construct that is ever evolving and being influenced by a multitude of variables.
At present I have some Britain v Greece male attractiveness study and Britain v Japan female sttractiveness study. I will also try to touch on the attractiveness of various ethnicities.
I also hope to incoperate an evolutionary social psychology flavour- indicating that many of the 'attractiveness' facets are believed to have an evolutionary heritage.
Thats all for now... Let me know if there is anything else that anyone thinks or wants me to discuss, please let me know. xxxx
Thursday, October 4, 2007
Facial Symmetry- Piercings and Beauty Spots
BEAUTY SPOTS (MOLES)- If facial symmetry is so important, then why do some of the most beautisul women in the world have beauty spots.. these are clearly not adding to the symmetry of the face.
Many 'beautiful' celebrities have beauty spots-- sarah jessica parker, angelina jolie, cindy crawford etc etc...
PIERCINGS- This time, a voluntary way to make your face non-symmetrical- Think fergie, Pink, Kelly Clarkson- Do you think it adds to their facial attractiveness or detracts from it?
What do you think about symmetry?
The ability to cope with these pressures is partly reflected in the levels of symmetry. A higher degree of symmetry indicates a better coping system for environmental factors. While the visible signs of this may not be particularly apparent, it is thought that they have at least a subconscious effect on people's perception of their beauty. Zaidel et al. in an empirical study upholds the claim that facial symmetry may be critical for the appearance of health. Their study disputes, however, the beauty or attractiveness claim.
Facial symmetry is neither the only trait nor is it necessarily the most important trait of what a culture considers attractive. The competing aesthetic theory of wabi sabi posits the existence of beauty through imperfection.
Tuesday, October 2, 2007
Why are some people attractive? I want your thoughts
How do each of the following principles apply to someone who you have been attracted to?
Propinquity- Mere exposure, proximity- kinda like the song "Love the one your with"
Reciprocity- Liking someone who already likes you. Settling...
Similarity- Similar attitudes, values, interests, beliefs etc..
Beauty- Waist Hip ratio, facial features, symmetrical face, youthfulness, ethnicity etc..
Economic Benefits- 'Social Exchange Theory' maximising benefits by associating with someone of high status, power, looks etc...
I believe that all of this influences us..
In my case, I was initially attracted to my boyfriend (although I was 15 at the time) for several reasons
* Reciprocity- he liked me, showed interest in me and I was flattered
* Propinquity- Lived in my home town, mutual friends,
* Beauty- he had characteristics that I found attractive- and are typically attractive for men- darker skin, prominent lower jaw, large shoulders in comparison to waist and hips, etc
Obviously personality also.....
But I think the similarity may be what has sustained the relationship- I did not know a great deal about him upon first attraction- but liked him more as i began to know him more.
If anyone has any thoughts on attraction/attractiveness please drop me a line.... Thanks
Tuesday, September 25, 2007
Why are some people attractive... some preliminary social-psychological theory
* Propinquity- Being near someone. Procimity, Familiarity, Availability, Mere Exposure, Expectation of continued interaction.
* Reciprocity- We tend to like those who like us, and dislike those who dislike us. Mimicking
* Similarity- Tend to like others who are similar to us (especially attitudes, values). Matching Hypothesis, Reinforcement Theory.
* Beauty- Symmetry, Typicality, Body Shape, Facial Features, Ethnicity, youth... etc etc
* Balance Theory- people like others who are similar to them because agreement is an affirming
experience involving positive affect.
* Reinforcement Theories- Behaviours that are reinforced tend to be repeated. Tend to be attracted to those who are rewarding.
* Social Exchange Theory- People are motivated to maximise benefits and minimise costs in relationships with others. Rewards eg love, friendship, sex... Costs eg effort, conflice, sacrifice.
There are a lot of social psychological variables to be discussed.
These are some of the main points I will be discussing.
Reference Bushman and Baumeister (2008)
Vaughan and Hogg (2005).
Monday, September 24, 2007
the human face - beauty 1\6
the human face - beauty 2\6
the human face - beauty 3\6
the human face - beauty 4\6
the human face - beauty 5\6
the human face - beauty 6\6
Thursday, September 20, 2007
★☆★ The Dove self-esteem Fund
This is an absolutley awesome video of attractiveness and modeling... take the minute to watch it and let me know what you think.
Its true.... no wonder our perception of attractiveness is distorted in the modern world.
Some ideas on Attractiveness
"Rubens women" (1505) are an extreme example which portrays women not only consistent with the social trend at that time, but most likely reflected the personal taste of the painter. A glance at the paintings and sculptures of the old masters clearly shows that for centuries feminine figures which were once considered to be appealing, would be regarded today as being too large. Researchers have stated that in former times the ideal of attractiveness, or being fat, was considered to be a status symbol. Only the well-to-do could afford to eat well, while the poor remained slender from lack of food. However today, the supply of food is abundant and fat has lost its value of information as a sign of prosperity
This can be compared to women of today, who are considered attractive if they are slim, slender and less 'fleshy'.
The Waist Hip Ratio
Ratio of 0.6
Waist Hip Ratio of 0.7- This is considered the ideal in many western cultures
A waist hip ratio of 0.8
Devendra Singh, researcher specializing in attractiveness, carried out numerous investigations in the waist-to-hip ratio in the nineties. She discovered that all winners of the "Miss America contests" from 1920 until the 1980`s had a WHR between 0.72 and 0.69. She also found that playboy's models WHR was between 0.71 and 0.68. For decades the ideal waist-to-hip ratio was consistently 0.7, despite the changing body weight of these models. Thus, in spite of their different weight classes the beauty icons Marilyn Monroe, Sophia Loren, Twiggy and Kate Moss all had at least one thing in common - a WHR of about 0.7.
Characteristics of Beautiful FacesFemales
Characteristic features of the female "sexy face":
Suntanned skin
Narrower facial shape
Less fat
Fuller lips
Slightly bigger distance of eyes
Darker, narrower eye brows
More, longer and darker lashes
Higher cheek bones
Narrower nose
No eye rings
Thinner lids
Attractive Face Unattractive
Prototype Prototype
Male Faces
Characteristics of the male "Sexy face"
Browner skin
Narrower facial shape
Less fat
Fuller and more symmetrical lips
Darker eye brows
More and darker lashes
Upper half of the face broader in relation to the lower
Higher cheek bones
Prominent lower jaw
More prominent chin
No receding brows
Thinner lids
No wrinkles between nose and corner of the mouth
Attractive Unattractive
Prototype Prototype
Research can be found enormously influencing attractiveness-stereotype: The more attractive the presented faces were, the more successful, content, friendly, intelligent, socialble, accessible, exciting, creative and busy the persons were estimated. The opposite applies to unattractive faces: The more unattractive the faces were the more negative characteristics were attributed to the person.


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[K-MOVIE] My Wife Is Gangster 3 (2006) EngSub DVDrip
My wife is a gangster 3 is a different film from 1 & 2, it has the perfect mix of comedy, action, and drama. 3 revolves around Ah Ryoung (Shu Qi), who has been framed of murdering a crime boss from a rival gang to her father's in Hong Kong. When her father (Lung Ti) tells her to leave Hong Kong immediately, until the heat dies down, she chooses to go to South Korea, a country where her unknown mother was born. A Korean mob boss, who is friendly with Ah Ryoung's father, orders his third in charge Ki Chul (Lee Bum Soo) to protect Ah Ryoung during her stay. What started as a mutual relationship between Ki Chul and Ah Ryoung slowly develops into love. When Aryong, the daughter of a triad boss from Hong Kong is accused of killing the boss of a competing triad, she is goes into hiding in Korea. Upon arriving, she is guided by a nimble but loyal Gi-chul and his motley crew, who are assigned to protect her until her return.
Genre: Comedy / Action / Crime

subset: commoncrawl


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WATCH: Unsuspecting fans get photobombed by The X Factor judges
So here's what the X Factor judges get up to when they're not carrying out a ton of auditions.
ITV have released a great video of judges Simon Cowell, Nicole Scherzinger, Louis Walsh, Sharon Osbourne and host Dermot O'Leary photobombing fans of the show.
The fans think they've simply come to take a photo at the famous judges' table, and have no idea that the foursome are waiting in the wings.
As they get ready for the pic the judges (and Dermot) come out and pose behind them, giving them the shock of their lives.
We quite like the reaction Simon gets when he casually walks out asking 'Shall we take one together?'
Meanwhile one lucky lad gets a big hug off Nicole after she overhears him gushing about her.
And finally all four judges come out to take a pic with Mrs O offering some advice: 'Do it like the Kardashians – t**s and teeth!'
The X Factor returns Saturday at 8.15pm on ITV.
MORE: The X Factor's Monica Michael unveils incredible transformation after losing five stone on This Morning
MORE: The X Factor's Honey G is secretly David Cameron, according to Louis Tomlinson's mum


text: FREE Redbox Rental Today 12/21 ONLY 10 years ago 1 Comment Free Stuff Don't forget that you can rent a free movie from a Redbox (Walmart locations only) today using the code: 11moms4uN Have a great Sunday! Share This Post Facebook Comments One Response Anon 10 years ago tried this code today and it did not work. tired a few times. the other weeks have worked. : ( Reply Add Comment Cancel reply


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Registration has begun for the next generation of powerful Solar Success! training, North America's largest professional solar training and business development event. This year's updated, expanded training comes with a bonus for the industry's most experienced contractors, developers and installers – a potent curriculum aligned with NABCEP1 learning and certification objectives to help optimize their business successes
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"This is a unique opportunity to glean a goldmine of useful insights from some of the keenest minds in solar energy, while obtaining intelligence on the latest solar technologies, installation innovations and business accelerators this burgeoning industry has to offer," said Jyl Safier, Marketing Director for the global solar experts at Conergy. Conergy, a Terajoule sponsor of Solar Success!, has partnered with ASES to orchestrate these essential training events since their inception three years ago.
Safier says this year's newly-designed Pro-Track sessions offer participants either a technical or business focus and are lead by the most knowledgeable of industry experts, including senior editors at SolarPro Magazine, Andy Black of OnGrid Solar and the solar-savvy folks at Solar Energy International (SEI). They are designed to help experienced installers comfortably transition from large residential projects to commercial solar solutions of up to 1 Megawatt in scale.
Solar Success! is a not-for-profit training event and its cost may be a tax deductible business or training expense. It is co-located with SOLAR 2010, ASES' annual conference and trade show, now in its 39th year. After training, this facilitates the opportunity for participants to have access to the entire SOLAR 2010 trade show floor to network and take deeper dives into key subject matter with hundreds of industry leaders, including manufacturers, installers, researchers, scientists, engineers, investors, analysts, educators and public officials. For more information on SOLAR 2010 costs and accommodations — and to register for Solar Success! — visit www.solar2010.org.


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How To Tile Interior Stairs was published on December 24, 2017 at 8:52 am. It is posted under the Interior category. How To Tile Interior Stairs is tagged with How To Tile Interior Stairs, How, To, Tile, Interior, Stairs..
Howhow1 (hou),USA pronunciation adv.
- in what way or manner;
by what means?: How did the accident happen?
- to what extent, degree, etc.?: How damaged is the car?
- in what state or condition?: How are you?
- for what reason;
why?: How can you talk such nonsense?
- to what effect;
with what meaning?: How is one to interpret his action?
- what?: How do you mean? If they don't have vanilla, how about chocolate?
- (used as an intensifier): How seldom I go there!
- by what title or name?: How does one address the president?
- at what price: How are the new cars going, cheaper than last year's models?
- by what amount or in what measure or quantity?: How do you sell these tomatoes?
- in what form or shape?: How does the demon appear in the first act of the opera? How does the medication come?
- and how! [Informal.]certainly! you bet!: Am I happy? And how!
- Here's how, [Informal.](used as a toast).
- how come? [Informal.]how is it that? why?: How come you never visit us anymore?
- how so? how does it happen to be so? why?: You haven't any desire to go? How so?
- the manner or way in which: He couldn't figure out how to solve the problem.
- about the manner, condition, or way in which: I don't care how you leave your desk when you go. Be careful how you act.
- in whatever manner or way;
however: You can travel how you please.
- that: He told us how he was honest and could be trusted.
- a question concerning the way or manner in which something is done, achieved, etc.: a child's unending whys and hows.
- a way or manner of doing something: to consider all the hows and wherefores.
- a word formerly used in communications to represent the letter H.
Toto (to̅o̅; unstressed tŏŏ, tə),USA pronunciation prep.
- (used for expressing motion or direction toward a point, person, place, or thing approached and reached, as opposed to from): They came to the house.
- (used for expressing direction or motion or direction toward something) in the direction of;
toward: from north to south.
- (used for expressing limit of movement or extension): He grew to six feet.
- (used for expressing contact or contiguity) on;
upon: a right uppercut to the jaw; Apply varnish to the surface.
- (used for expressing a point of limit in time) before;
until: to this day; It is ten minutes to six. We work from nine to five.
- (used for expressing aim, purpose, or intention): going to the rescue.
- (used for expressing destination or appointed end): sentenced to jail.
- (used for expressing agency, result, or consequence): to my dismay; The flowers opened to the sun.
- (used for expressing a resulting state or condition): He tore it to pieces.
- (used for expressing the object of inclination or desire): They drank to her health.
- (used for expressing the object of a right or claim): claimants to an estate.
- (used for expressing limit in degree, condition, or amount): wet to the skin; goods amounting to $1000; Tomorrow's high will be 75 to 80°.
- (used for expressing addition or accompaniment) with: He added insult to injury. They danced to the music. Where is the top to this box?
- (used for expressing attachment or adherence): She held to her opinion.
- (used for expressing comparison or opposition): inferior to last year's crop; The score is eight to seven.
- (used for expressing agreement or accordance) according to;
by: a position to one's liking; to the best of my knowledge.
- (used for expressing reference, reaction, or relation): What will he say to this?
- (used for expressing a relative position): parallel to the roof.
- (used for expressing a proportion of number or quantity) in;
making up: 12 to the dozen; 20 miles to the gallon.
- (used for indicating the indirect object of a verb, for connecting a verb with its complement, or for indicating or limiting the application of an adjective, noun, or pronoun): Give it to me. I refer to your work.
- (used as the ordinary sign or accompaniment of the infinitive, as in expressing motion, direction, or purpose, in ordinary uses with a substantive object.)
- raised to the power indicated: Three to the fourth is 81( 34 = 81).
- toward a point, person, place, or thing, implied or understood.
- toward a contact point or closed position: Pull the door to.
- toward a matter, action, or work: We turned to with a will.
- into a state of consciousness;
out of unconsciousness: after he came to.
- to and fro. See fro (def. 2).
Tiletile (tīl),USA pronunciation n., v., tiled, til•ing.
- a thin slab or bent piece of baked clay, sometimes painted or glazed, used for various purposes, as to form one of the units of a roof covering, floor, or revetment.
- any of various similar slabs or pieces, as of linoleum, stone, rubber, or metal.
- tiles collectively.
- a pottery tube or pipe used for draining land.
- Also called hollow tile. any of various hollow or cellular units of burnt clay or other materials, as gypsum or cinder concrete, for building walls, partitions, floors, and roofs, or for fireproofing steelwork or the like.
- a stiff hat or high silk hat.
tile′like′, adj.
- to cover with or as with tiles.
Interiorin•te•ri•or (in tēr′ē ər),USA pronunciation adj.
- being within; inside of anything;
further toward a center: the interior rooms of a house.
- of or pertaining to that which is within;
inside: an interior view.
- situated well inland from the coast or border: the interior towns of a country.
- of or pertaining to the inland.
- domestic: interior trade.
- private or hidden;
inner: interior negotiations of the council.
- pertaining to the mind or soul;
mental or spiritual: the interior life.
- the internal or inner part;
- the inside part of a building, considered as a whole from the point of view of artistic design or general effect, convenience, etc.
- a single room or apartment so considered.
- a pictorial representation of the inside of a room.
- the inland parts of a region, country, etc.: the Alaskan interior.
- the domestic affairs of a country as distinguished from its foreign affairs: the Department of the Interior.
- the inner or inward nature or character of anything.
- the largest open set contained in a given set, as the points in a circle not including the boundary.
Stairsstair (stâr),USA pronunciation n.
stair′less, adj.
- one of a flight or series of steps for going from one level to another, as in a building.
- stairs, such steps collectively, esp. as forming a flight or a series of flights: I was so excited I ran all the way up the stairs.
- a series or flight of steps;
stairway: a winding stair.
stair′like′, adj.
How To Tile Interior Stairs have 1 images including . Here are the photos:
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That house partywas truly one of the best I've been to at Northwestern. Maybe it was because I had just the right amount to drink beforehand, or that we scored a Saferide to get there so we didn't have to walk through the cutting January wind, or that I was with the right friends or that some unexpected faces showed up to the house a couple of minutes after I did.
But what pushed the party over the edge was the band.
I first noticed the stage was close to ready when the rainbow lights started flashing. Cute choice for a band called whysowhite, I thought. I knew that a live band was going to play, but I didn't know where in the house or when it would be. Then I saw that this so-called stage was actually just the corner of the basement surrounded by holiday lights and the blue striped, red star-studded flag of Chicago.
People started to crowd the basement, making a beeline from the back where the kegs were, to the front where the band was going to be. All seven members had to wiggle their way through the crowd to get to their instruments, which they set up themselves an hour before. Once they got there, though, they assumed the center of attention.
Immediately, all seven managed to make that basement explode. From their first song to their cover of The Darkness' "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" to a dance-off between the three lead men, whysowhite turned that basement into their own personal Riviera Theatre.
The cops, the bane of every college party, were sure to come, I thought. How could a party this loud, this crowded and this late be allowed to continue? Before the last song, the guitarist calmed everyone down to confront that problem.
"Are the cops here yet?" he asked the room.
"No!" replied the pulsating crowd.
"Well, then this one's for you!" he yelled back into the mic as the keyboardist standing to his left jumped into the opening chords of Cee Lo Green's "Fuck You."
I took out my phone and wrote a message to myself reminding me of that moment, knowing that I would forget it as soon as my head hit the pillow later that night. Right then I decided I would write this article.
Before I got the green light for this article, however, I jumped at the opportunity to interview whysowhite for Mayfest's newly minted music blog, May the Fest. I only knew the drummer, Weinberg senior Zack Levine, and reached the band through him.
I walked into the same basement where the party was, a house on Pratt called the Estate. They hold most of their practices in the same basement, but as I walked through the foyer I saw them sitting on dilapidated couches and torn armchairs. I stood against a wall and asked them to introduce themselves.
"I'm Dave 'Big-Dick' Sumberg. But they call me Dave 'Str8-Boogie' Sumberg and I play bass," said the McCormick and Bienen senior.
"I'm Davis Haines and I also go by 'D-Pop Fantastic,'" said the 20-year-old percussionist and one of the three front men.
"I am Nicholas McMillan and I sing. 'Big Nick the Sun' is my nickname too," said the 21-year-old lead vocalist.
"Zack 'Luscious' Levine," said the drummer.
"Charlie Moonbeam," said the DePaul senior. Moonbeam, who plays keyboard, is the third of the three front men and the twin brother of Davis Haines, but he uses Moonbeam as his stage name.
"I'm Chris 'Danger' Miller, and I play the guitar," said the lead guitarist, a Bienen senior.
"Charlie 'The Funk Dr.' Dwyer," said the rhythm guitarist, a senior at DePaul.
After introductions, we started talking about their mix of musical styles and the mood turns hipster-serious.
"I've heard people describe us as the Beastie Boys, a little bit of Parliament Funk and Umphrey's McGee — the jammier side of Umphrey's McGee," says Dwyer. "We're structured more than a jam feel, but we still have a jam feel."
"But we just tweeted like three days ago that we're not the Beastie Boys," McMillan shoots back. "It's 'cause there are three of us, and we're white and we rap. Any hip-hop group layers their vocals. The Beastie Boys are known for their rhythmic style, and we do not match their rhythmic style."
All three front men — Haines, Moonbeam and McMillan — write their lyrics with precision and try not to cop out and add a lazy line to make the rhyme work. The whole band gets involved as well, having rap battles via text.
"And this is speaking for all three of us," says McMillan. "It's about phonetics, about how the word sounds in your mouth. It's about syllables and forming the shape. It's not always about the word, but about how you shape the word — the expression of it. Like 'didactic syntax' in that first verse [of "Get Busy"]. I specifically like that because it's really choppy, it's a quick rhythm and it is didactic syntax — so that's the play on words."
Levine, who provides the driving backbeat that the rest of whysowhite relies on, finds that the abnormally large size of the band — seven members in all — helps make whysowhite so engaging.
"I feel like the three — Nick, Davis and Moonbeam — can be completely focused on being front men at certain points in time," says Levine. "And then there's still fucking four of us in the back, working on the groove and the feel of the song."
They manage to work in harmony for what they see as the meaning of the band and the message they want to spread. "[The name] is not about race, but it is about color," explains McMillan. "That's our slogan — whysowhite is a question. It's about blankness; it's about nothingness. We say question your life and fill in the blank spots. Make it colorful; make your life something that is not stale, that is not static, that is not white noise. We're against blankness and blandness."
Preparing for their first ever show at the DePaul Student Center on Oct. 14 was an early sign that whysowhite was something more serious than a dorm room jam band.
"We had been in a cave for three months leading up to that," says Moonbeam. "Socially, we didn't hang out with our friends as much anymore. […] We rehearsed all the time; all we talked about was whysowhite. And this was the culmination of that."
"That was the moment we were like, 'We're in a band, but we're taking it seriously,'" Dwyer adds.
The first show ever featured Haines on the drum set because Levine hadn't been found to replace him yet. Still, whysowhite began to make fans.
"That show [at DePaul] was fucking great," says Sumberg. "We had 60 to 70 people there for our first gig ever. People were dancing and singing. It surpassed our expectations and reaffirmed why we were playing together."
Dance Marathon was whysowhite's introduction to Northwestern at large. The first house party at the Estate was fun and gave some students a taste of what they could do. But for this show, whysowhite put themselves on the chopping block. Instead of their normal drunken and raucous crowd, they faced sleep-deprived dancers who wanted no more than a foot massage and a chair.
The Q&A for May the Fest was an introduction of whysowhite to Northwestern on the eve of their performance at DM. In the interview, Sumberg was optimistic about what they could bring to the tired and sore dancers. "I'm excited because danceability is something we think about a lot while putting our songs together. It's going to be a challenge for everybody because we'll be playing the 25th hour or something. It's tough for them because they've been dancing, and it's tough for us because it's our job to keep them dancing. We really want to do it. Our approach to this set is less about what material of ours we can get out, but how can we get these people who've been up for an entire day to keep moving. And completely rejuvenate them."
Weinberg senior Jason Catanese, a Dance Marathon dancer relations co-chair and Battle of the Bands judge, selected whysowhite after their performance at Prairie Moon Feb. 21. "We ultimately selected whysowhite to perform at DM because we felt as though they could connect best to the dancers and hype of the crowd," he says. "I think every person at BOTB would agree that their energy was contagious and it made you want to get up and dance. That is what we were looking for in a band and whysowhite delivered."
After more than 20 hours of dancing, I was excited to see them play from what I remembered at their first house party. I moved to the center of the tent to get a better view and waited for them to finish setting up. They came onstage and played a similar set to their house party, running through their original work and the same covers. Not surprisingly, they were dancing onstage harder than the students in the crowd. But their energy must have transferred to us below, because all of a sudden I was in the middle of a crazy pit as alive as the house party two months earlier.
All of that energy onstage is exactly how whysowhite wants to put on a show. They don't plan on holding anything back. "We generally like to start shows by berating the audience for not having as much fun as we are," McMillan says.
"People said that historically, that is a low point," says Miller of the reactions he got from dancers after the 30 hours were over, "and it wasn't quite so low."
"Whysowhite executed their set perfectly at DM and the dancers seemed to really enjoy themselves," says Catanese. "Overall, I felt as though the performance was a win for both the dancers and whysowhite, as they seemed to really enjoy themselves onstage."
My first whysowhite show for this story was at The Ace Bar in Lincoln Park. I was on their list so I didn't have to risk using my friend's fake ID. The crowd was clearly different from their first house party in late January. They were mostly older working adults who came to the bar to blow off steam on a Saturday night in early April. All of whysowhite was hanging in the back, sipping beer and watching an opening band that sounded like Hootie & the Blowfish if Darius Rucker was white. The opener even played Cee Lo Green's "Fuck You" with a country twang.
McMillan laughed, pulling my shoulder back so he could look at me. "We decided tonight not to play that song again."
Whysowhite got onstage at The Ace Bar around midnight and played like they were in the basement of that first house party. It didn't matter that some of their crowd was more than 10 years older than them. They still jumped around onstage like second-graders on a sugar high during recess. And surprisingly, they got most of the people at the bar to stay until they finished around 2 a.m.
At the show, McMillan made sure everyone watching was excited. "Are you guys having a good time?" he asked.
"Well, we like to have the best time in the room!" Moonbeam replied, and the band began playing a cover of The Beatles' "I Saw Her Standing There."
Before that show, I only thought of whysowhite as a college band, meant for college students because they were all college-aged kids. And it made sense: They threw an incredible house party unlike any other at Northwestern. But they carried the stage with professionalism at The Ace Bar, despite the fact that it was only their ninth show together.
Manager and DePaul senior Joe Anhalt has been with the band since its inception. He and McMillan worked together in an a cappella group at DePaul and currently share an apartment in Lakeview.
Anhalt's view on the band is as exultant as McMillan's tone is optimistic. "We are confident our sound will translate to any venue," says Anhalt. "And we are equally as excited to start playing at new venues with a new audience."
They earned a residency spot at The Ace Bar after only their fourth show together. After hearing about the band's previous show at Lincoln Hall, The Ace Bar's promoter offered them a chance to play. He was so surprised at the crowd they drew after only three days of promotion through Facebook and word of mouth that he offered them a residency that night.
Frank Krolicki, editor of Chicago music blog Windy City Rock, knows the importance of social media to any band trying to get attention. He has seen bands rise and fall in Chicago over the years and knows why some make it and others don't.
"From what I've seen, it's pretty tough to impress people as a live band in Chicago," says Krolicki. "You have to be really outstanding, and sometimes that doesn't even seem to be enough to get people out. Not only do you have to be amazing at performing, you have to be really skilled at using social media and promoting yourself to get people aware of you and excited about coming out to see your show. Bands have to work hard."
Getting the gig is every struggling band's hope, and The Empty Bottle owner Bruce Finkelman sifts through the noise to find the perfect bands to play most nights at his Ukrainian Village bar and nightclub.
Finkelman finds artists through links sent by bands themselves or referrals from friends around town. "Basically you're looking for music that's relevant, music that has something to it," says Finkelman. "I might not like it, but I'll still understand if there's something to it."
The Empty Bottle has brought Passion Pit, Girl Talk, The White Stripes and Arcade Fire to Chicago in their 18 years of operation, so Finkelman has developed an ear for what could be the next big thing.
"There's no specific type of band that gets the best reception," says Finkelman. "It's more or less if the band has something going for them — something that's good. I think it all goes down to if they're good at what they do — if they're passionate, if they're true to their concept."
A week after their show at The Ace Bar, whysowhite threw their second house party at the Estate. It was louder, longer, sweatier and drunker than what they threw the first time around. Buzz had built up a little more on campus: Word spread that they threw "the best party at Northwestern." Or at least their Facebook event said so.
Before they finished their second song — "Renegade," a whysowhite original — they blew a fuse and had to wait it out. Not a man to be deterred, Moonbeam grabbed a megaphone and controlled the energy of the crowd while the power to the amps and lights were down. Moments later, the power came back and the band jumped back to the spot where they were cut off.
The entire band agreed that their second party at the Estate was better than their first. If there is one barometer of how energetic their shows can be, it's the state of their shirts after their encore, says Miller. "There is a direct correlation between how much we sweat and how much we play."
"And that was the most we've ever sweat," says McMillan of their second Estate party, finishing Miller's thought.
The power failed twice more, but Moonbeam, McMillan and Haines kept the crowd entertained with some a cappella singing, improvised dance moves and more megaphone. "Playing the kind of music we play, we have to be very conscious of the crowd's energy," says Moonbeam. "I think that's one thing that I came away from our most recent gig, the house party we had [April 8]. That was huge for us. The power went out three times, and we had to analyze the energy of the crowd and calm them down. We were able to do that and keep rocking out. For us, that's a really important skill that we have."
After seeing whysowhite play in a basement packed with students, Weinberg senior Jackie Beard and Communication senior Elisa Redish were sold. "Everyone was jumping up around," says Redish. "People around me were hitting their head on the ceiling. I've been to other parties there, but that [whysowhite] party was so crowded."
Beard recognized the band as something stereotypical that she had been missing during her four years on campus. "This is what I thought college would be like," Beard says.
Ambitiously, whysowhite are trying to break into the Chicago music scene. In six months, they hope to be playing regularly around Chicago.
"The idea of playing at Northwestern was kind of exotic at first," says Moonbeam. "It was a no-brainer because a couple of guys in the band go here, but in the beginning we were planning on becoming a Chicago band. In order to truly represent Chicago, we believe that we need to be known and welcomed in every neighborhood."
Krolicki, who has seen the demise of dozens of Chicago bands and the rise of a lucky few, believes that promotion can make or break the band. "Getting the word out in every way possible can make a huge difference," Krolicki says. Playing an incredible live show isn't enough in the Chicago music scene, and he thinks Facebook, Twitter and a band blog can help to make the jump from a novelty act to the real thing.
To spread their music and get more gigs, whysowhite is at work recording their first CD this spring and they hope to release it late summer or early fall. They've already written enough original material for a full-length album.
Finkelman has seen bands with promise and the right energy fail because they couldn't focus on their future. The most frustrating part of his job is when he books a great sounding band that does nothing to promote the show at The Empty Bottle. Then they get onstage and play a great set to a handful of people.
Sharing comes easily for the band and they keep an active online presence through witty posts on Facebook and Twitter. They have also filmed a music video of their first house party at Northwestern, made a mini-documentary that features their original song, "Exhale," and are accustomed to photographers snapping shots during their live sets. They're confident that they will be heard locally and around the country. "This is a band with a message and a very powerful and unique voice," says Anhalt. "It will be heard by millions, I kid you not."
Whysowhite may be playing in basements now, but Moonbeam's sights are set on something bigger for the future. "Northwestern has been good to us," he says half-joking, half-serious. "But we think the world would be better."


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We count down to the 2019 World Cup to be held in England.
With the countdown to the ICC Cricket World Cup 2019 now under 600 days to go, we did some research into some of the tournament's highest scoring games.
Want the latest @cricketworldcup 2019 ticket info?— Cricket World Cup (@cricketworldcup) October 9, 2017
Sign up & you could win a signed @englandcricket bat!https://t.co/JgzEz53Yaf pic.twitter.com/w1D2869J8s
With runs being scored at an ever-increasing rate in the one-day game and scores of 300+ becoming the norm, fixtures with a total of more than 600 runs are more frequent than ever. In 2015, when the ICC Cricket World Cup was hosted in Australia and New Zealand, there were nine games which passed the 600-run mark; more than any other previous edition of the tournament!
We took a trip down memory lane to see how many of these encounters took place at previous Cricket World Cups.
· In total, there have been 23 Cricket World Cup matches where over 600 runs have been scored.
· Sri Lanka have been involved in more 600+ runs games than any other nation at the Cricket World Cup with seven.
· With run-rates continuing to rise, it's no surprise to see that 78 per cent of games with more than 600 runs have occurred since the 2007 Cricket World Cup.
· The highest aggregate score at a Cricket World Cup match came in 2015 between Australia and Sri Lanka. A whopping 688 runs were scored as Australia racked up 376/9 in Sydney, before Sri Lanka replied gallantly with 312.
· The first-ever Cricket World Cup game to see more than 600 runs came at the inaugural tournament in 1975. Once again, it was Australia and Sri Lanka who set the record.
· 600 runs has been surpassed on three occasions at CWC games in England and Wales, where the 2019 tournament will be held.
· Only two batsmen have ever scored more than 600 runs at a single Cricket World Cup - Sachin Tendulkar in 2003 and Matthew Hayden in 2007.


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I've been having a hard time with writer's block lately.
One factor I think is writing too much from my own head and paying attention to external things in the world. Of course, external ideas are important, but lately they all seem to outweigh my own thoughts.
I wrote 1500 words yesterday. I'm going to toss most of them out. And I'm going to try to be intentional about what I want to write while meeting the audience part of the way, I hope.
Writing is hard. And I say this in a month dedicated to writing in all sorts of ways.


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::Integrity ESA::
Looks like its gonna be anothe tm style scam selling add packs with some worthless traing crap thrown in to make it look legit...
I know this is a bit old.....but still made me snigger....
SP 38 Oct 17.jpg
Going to have to work a lot harder to be the next Facebook.....
If he can keep his 114 enthusiasts on board paying £9.99 a month, he would be taking in £1,138.86 per month.
That would cover his £360/month child support obligation and pay full-coverage insurance on a used Bentley, wouldn't it?
Sunil Patel z15.jpg
"No one in this world, so far as I know - and I have researched the records for years, and employed agents to help me - has ever lost money by underestimating the intelligence of the great masses of the plain people" - H. L. Mencken
Wondering how he got 26545 advertisers out of 114 members....
Hes fabricated the numbers. Only 11 members show on the teams page. Hes also ripped off content from other sites. No surprise there!
That's the thing, isn't it ???
No matter what he says or does, or how much smoke and mirrors he employs, he's using a failed business model.
And that would be "failed" as in: closed down by a US Federal court.
Other than a handful of "true believers" left over from Traffic Monsoon, his potential member base is limited by Google and common sense.
The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing
I'm guessing this means pay $50 click 30 adds for 55 days and get back $52.50??.....Hardly worth the effort!!!
Originally Posted by naustral boys site
ʎɐqǝ uo pɹɐoqʎǝʞ ɐ ʎnq ı ǝɯıʇ ʇsɐן ǝɥʇ sı sıɥʇ
Founder/President Eagle Research Associates
Author: "Robbing You With A Keyboard Instead Of A Gun - Cyber Crime How They Do It" available in soft cover and eBook at Amazon.com
Lifetime Member of the National Association of Distinguished Professionals
So I went to make an account and check it out from the inside....So many questions and boxes to fill in..(the Aussie tax office doesn't ask that many questions!!).....and the letters you need to copy to prove your not a bot is run by the cousin of the E-gold pin robot that did our heads in years ago....SMFH....It's a nightmare to get right!!!!....
Took me 20 mins and it's now a day later and still no activation email...
ʎɐqǝ uo pɹɐoqʎǝʞ ɐ ʎnq ı ǝɯıʇ ʇsɐן ǝɥʇ sı sıɥʇ
Hes about to get an unpleasant wake up call about the effort required to provide tech support for this kind of website. Especially when its been cobbled together on the cheap copying a bunch of other sites. Cant wait to see his excuse when the whole thing tanks and goes offline. Well before Xmas Id say.
he has no intention of providing tech support. just like he has no intention of providing a building super for his slum buildings.
Haven't lost any money to online scams.......results are typical.
But robots are stealing our jobs, and hes going to save everyone of us, just like Flash Gordon!
Wonder if Argos know he's using their company to push his scam?
Managed to register quite easy and this is what I found.
Integrity shopping has one item for sale, this fine T-shirt
Under the website builder we have this (over the years? Months maybe)
And then there's the advertising. Can anyone make sense of it?
Then there's the integrity events link, good for a giggle.
One of the finest self made entrepreneurs in the UK? One of the finest deluded Muppets.
Website builder text is a direct rip off from here ARYVART | CRM, Mobile, Web & Digital Media Experts in Pondicherry
So, Silly Sunil Patels' new business has started by promoting ponzi schemes and stealing other peoples' work.INTEGRITY
See more synonyms on Thesaurus.com
1. adherence to moral and ethical principles; soundness of moral character; honesty.
2. the state of being whole, entire, or undiminished: to preserve the integrity of the empire.
3. a sound, unimpaired, or perfect condition: the integrity of a ship's hull.
Sounds like he should rename the business:
(I wish I had some) INTEGRITY ESA
The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing
plagiarized from here....lol
Simply cut and paste with the addition some of Nostrils property portfolio lies thrown in for good measure...
I have the misfortune of knowing ponzi pimp Steve (Steven) Grant Lawson personally. Contact him on +44 743 202 8088 or +44 754 061 6536 or email: firstname.lastname@example.com 56 Hendre Park, Llanelli, Carmarthenshire SA148UP
This is now officially embarrassing.
What on earth is Silly Sunil Patel thinking ???
Does he REALLY think he can be bigger than Facebook by copy and pasting someone elses' work ????
It's 2017. Mr Google will catch you out faster than you can type "plagiarism"
Seriously, the guy's a dead set nutter.
The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing
This is great! Silly Sunil hasn't even read what he has cut and pasted!
Spot the difference....
SP 39 Oct 17.jpg
SP 40 Oct 17.jpg
I thought it was odd when I read that our friend Sunil was married with six dear little children.....I mean, wow! when did THAT happen??
You really couldn't make this up, what a dunce.


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This bicycle, silent witness of my afternoon rides along the beach.
Summer here brings afternoon rain, but this only encourages my rides.
There is a smell of iodine because of the seaweed dying on the sand and of wet earth.
I get back home,
…a warm shower and I rejoice with the tender sensation on my skin when I put on my dry pajamas.
I sit on my small balcony with a red wine to see the rain fall.
With my silence.
This silence that I so much love and my solitude that I adore now that I am in my silver years.
…one advice: never devote your life, as did I, to being a circus trapezist


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Posted: 16 February 2015. Updated: 4 March 2015
Lion Ark will be returning to Colorado and the home of our Lion Ark prides after being selected for the prestigious Boulder International Film Festival, with two screenings being held on Saturday, March 7th.
It will be the first major US screenings since Lion Ark signed a worldwide distribution deal with ITV GE, who showcased the film at MIPCOM Cannes last year to global media markets. Lion Ark will have a selected US theatrical tour in April before being available on TV and Video On Demand.
Described by critics as uplifting and the feel-good movie of the year, Lion Ark has taken the film festival circuit by storm winning six awards at sell out screenings and securing an NAACP Image Award nomination for Outstanding International Motion Picture.
More action adventure style than traditional documentary Lion Ark tells the story of how ADI secured the ban on animal circuses in Bolivia and, when the circuses defied the law, set about rescuing every animal.
Lion Ark Director Tim Phillips (ADI Vice President) and Producer Jan Creamer (ADI President), who led the rescue team, will be doing a Q&A following both screenings, joined by founder of The Wild Animal Sanctuary Pat Craig. Tim and Jan will be flying up from Peru the day before where ADI is in the middle of another huge rescue, Operation Spirit of Freedom.
2nd SCREENING added:
WHEN: Saturday, March 7, 4:30pm
WHERE: eTown Hall, 1535 Spruce Street, Colorado, 80302
TICKETS: $10 Buy online here
Special Reception Fundraiser:
WHEN: Saturday, March 7, 7:00pm
WHERE: LYFE Kitchen, 1600 Pearl St, Boulder, CO 80302
TICKETS: RSVP here


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Words containing lvinmania
Found 1 words containing lvinmania. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that contain lvinmania. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words that end in lvinmania
- Scrabble
- Words With Friends
- WordHub
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The Nosy House Guest featuring Image Essentials-The Diary for the Madpea: Cry of the Peacock Hunt
Having been invited recently to be a guest at a gorgeous villa, I accepted immediately! The proud homeowner gave me the grand tour. The last stop was their bedroom, so I would know the location if I needed anything. While in the magnificently furnished room, I noticed a open diary on the table. Throughout the day's planned activities my mind kept going back to that open diary! What was in it, which of my hosts it belongs to, am I mentioned in it…my curiosity was KILLING ME!!! That evening my hosts had planned a party and I pleaded a headache and went upstairs to my suite, which is at the opposite end of the villa, so I crept across the balcony and went into their room…..
Hey, its not like you haven't done it!!!! Looked in a medicine cabinet, peeked in a drawer, an opened purse…smiles I hope they don't miss this apple!
This story is possible because of the amazing prop table designed by the fabulous and very talented Kay Weston of Image Essentials! The name of this fun prop is The Diary. You touch the compass on the table for the pose, and you touch the table for a magnifying glass. I had fun making up this story using this really cool table prop! You can use this in all sorts of scenes for photography, role play, decorative…you are only limited by your imagination! Guess what…..its free, that is if you can find the clues to find it on Madpea: Cry of the Peacock Hunt!!!
MADPEA: CRY OF THE PEACOCK HUNT AUGUST 1st – 31st
The Sequel to Room 326!
The fortune teller Madame Peacock is back from investigating the mystery of Room 326 and has discovered the shocking truth! However, not all is lost. She needs the help of a brave detective with a sharp wit to face all odds and free the victims trapped souls. With the help of her tarot cards and your investigative skills, the future looks bright, but what does fate have in store for you?
Photographer and model….me
The Diary by Image Essentials for the Madpea Hunt


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I confess that I have spanked my 2 yo--more than once :( and I have so much guilt for this. I carry it around everyday and obsess over it. I always said I would NEVER be that mom who spanked her child, and I hate that I can never say that now. I know we all have our bad mommy moments but this is by far my worst and I am having soo soo much trouble moving on/coping with it. I know where I stand on spanking now and never want to resort to it again, but just cannot seem to forgive myself for what I have done. It breaks my heart to know that I could have caused damage to her mentally. Anyone else feeling this sense of guilt?
Please do not judge me.


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December 22, 2015 09:00 ET
LONDON, ENGLAND--(Marketwired - Dec. 22, 2015) - The forex market enjoyed yet another whirlwind year in 2015, driven mostly by dramatic turns in the global economy and new entrants to the currency stage. While a new low oil-price environment has inflicted major pains on fossil fuels, a slowdown in China has dampened investor enthusiasm for emerging economies. In this difficult climate, the Forex Report Awards take a look back at which brokers, traders and technologies have made for some of the more positive stories of 2015.
As the largest market in the world, the influence of the forex market on world affairs is of inestimable importance, and the part played by those at the helm can in no way be underestimated. The Forex Report Awards, therefore, offer an insight into the innermost workings of the market and the biggest opportunities and challenges of the hour.
Each year, Forex Report's dedicated research team analyses and assesses brokers, traders, and the latest technologies available on the market. By drawing on the team's expertise, together with that of retail and institutional traders, the Forex Report Awards comprise of the names that have made the forex community a better place to be.
Whether it is a European giant in HY Markets, or a lesser-known newcomer in SuperForex, the Forex Report Awards offer an indication of where the market is headed. Looking at a range of parameters and the latest advances, each of this year's winners are spearheading the biggest developments in each of their respective fields.
For those seeking an insight into the health of the forex market, look no further than the Forex Report Awards 2015, available to read online in full now.
World News Media is a leading publisher of quality financial and business magazines, enjoying a global distribution network that includes subscriber lists of the most prominent and senior decision-makers around the world, as well as comprehensive airport, hotel and conference site distribution.
For further media information contact:Forex ReportMatthew TimmsEditorial Department+44 (0)20 7553 firstname.lastname@example.com
See all RSS Newsfeeds


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Compaq Resumes Netscape Bundling
Thursday February 4th, 1999
Joel Caris writes, "This News.com article says how Compaq has resumed bundling Netscape with many of its PCs."
Well, interesting news, but Compaq's motives are definitely in question. Are they doing this for their customers' benefit, or for the benefit of MS in their ongoing antitrust trial (which, BTW, they botched yet again today)? Is it coincidence that Compaq's senior vice president John Rose will be testifying in the case in a few weeks' time?
#5 Re:Compaq Resumes Netscape Bundling
by rgelb <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Friday February 5th, 1999 11:13 AM
You are replying to this message
I thought Compaq was the only computer manufacturer willing to testify against Microsoft in court.


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How a bill becomes a bill
How a bill becomes a law first reading (introduced in house) second reading (referred to committee) committee hearing committee report third reading (bill debated. How a bill becomes law bill preparation bills are usually prepared by the legislative council for introduction by a legislator if a bill is not prepared by the legislative council. How does a bill become a law there are a few major steps of the legislative process that a bill must go through before it is enacted into law. How a bill becomes a law (flowchart) though a bill can originate in either the house or senate, let's focus on a bill introduced in the house. How a bill becomes a law essayshave you ever had an idea that you thought should become a law ideas for laws come in many ways members of congress present ideas for new laws ordinary citizens may call their senator or representative with an idea special interest groups send delegates to talk to. Aap advocacy guide chapter three page 47 how a bill becomes a law at the state level copyright © 2009 american academy of pediatricsall rights reserved. Sen dianne feinstein (d, calif) and rep pete sessions (r, texas) explain the complex process of turning a bill into federal law in discussions with high school students.
Amendments proposed on the floor must go to the rules committee for approval before being considered how a bill becomes law in illinois governor. How a bill becomes law the legislative process first reading the bill is considered read for the first time and is printed second reading members debate the bill's principle. Learn how a bill becomes a law with this easy to read infographic use this lesson plan with your class a bill can be introduced in either chamber of congress by a senator or representative who sponsors it once a bill is introduced, it is assigned to a committee whose members will research. One of the clips was about the constitution and how a bill becomes a law the process detailing how a bill becomes a law is well described in this cartoon. How an idea becomes a law either house may originate any type of legislation however the processes differ slightly between houses a legislator sponsors a bill, which is referred to one or more committees related to the bill's subject. So how exactly does a bill become a law while not all bills are the same, below you will find a basic step-by-step accounting of how a bill becomes public law.
1 how a bill becomes law how a bill is passed (appendix (17) introduction as enactment of house bill 366 in the 2001 legislative session that placed a three percent residential. How a bill becomes a law resource guide i know no safe depositary of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise their control. Students will be able to describe the process of how a bill becomes a law.
Home / the federal legislative process, or how a bill becomes a law in the united states, the federal legislative powers—the ability to consider bills and enact laws—reside with congress, which is made up of the us senate and the house of representatives. How a bill becomes a law the primary function of congress, as the legislative branch of our government, is to create and modify laws in addition, under the powers enumerated in the constitution, congress has authority over financial and budgetary policy by levying and collecting taxes, duties, imposts and excises, and, to pay the debts and. The steps through which a bill becomes a law in the philippines include preparation, first reading, committee action, second reading, third reading, the senate's concurrence, the house's concurrence.
The adventures of bill: the real life story of how a vermont bill becomes a law learn about how a bill becomes a law in vermont with the adventures of billthe adventures of bill is a comic-like booklet designed for middle school students that makes learning about vermont's legislative process a whole lot of fun. How a bill becomes a law •introduction under the chairmanship of george washington, the constitutional convention established a strong federal government in 1871.
How a bill becomes a bill
These are the steps in the process from introducing a bill and signing it into law. The process laid out in the constitution is relatively complicated when it comes to vetoes, but pretty simple when it comes to approving a bill. The constitution of maryland requires that before any bill becomes law, it must be read on three different days in each legislative chamber, for a total of six readings.
How a bill becomes a law 1 a bill may be introduced in either the senate or house of representatives, but the procedure by which a bill becomes a law is much the. How a bill becomes a law: someone tells their idea to a legislatorthe bill waits in the docket until it's introduced to either the house or the. This advocacy tool describes the process of how a bill becomes a law at the federal level (much like the school house rocks song i am a bill. How a bill becomes a law a legislative bill is a written proposal for a law ideas for bills come from many sources: a legislator, two or more legislators, a legislator's constituents, businesses, government agencies. New hampshire almanac how a bill becomes a law: the following procedure is followed in making laws in the state of new hampshire an idea for change or improvement in the laws of new hampshire must first be drafted into a bill in proper form and language. In this lesson, we will review the process of how a bill becomes a law we will take a closer look at what steps have to be taken, how a bill is.
The governor may allow a bill to become law without his/her signature, or the governor may decide to veto the bill the governor's veto may be overridden by a two-thirds vote of both houses the signed enrolled bill, or act. 3 updated: 11-08 how a bill becomes a law in indiana if you should someday choose to run for a seat in the indiana general assembly, there are certain. Social studies - how a bill becomes a law graphic organizer storyboard branches of government - the legislative branch 1 idea for law is created law to.


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A Guide To Surround Sound Systems
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