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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Direct final rule.
EPA is publishing this site-specific rule to implement a project under the Project eXcellence and Leadership (Project XL) program, an EPA initiative which encourages regulated entities to achieve better environmental results at decreased costs at their facilities. As part of the Project XL program, EPA is supporting a project for Georgia-Pacific Corporation's pulp and paper mill located in Big Island, Virginia. Under the project, Georgia-Pacific will attempt the first United States commercial scale demonstration of black liquor gasification, a new technology for the treatment of black liquor wastes that promises significantly lower air emissions and greater energy efficiency compared to conventional treatment methods. The technology, including its environmental and energy benefits, potentially is transferable to the rest of the pulp and paper industry.
As part of its support for the project, EPA issued a site-specific rule on March 26, 2001 (66 FR 16400) that amended a Clean Air Act hazardous air pollutant standard applicable to the Big Island facility. Those amendments, in part, provided Georgia-Pacific's facility up to an additional three years (from March 13, 2004, to March 1, 2007) to comply with the standard in the event the black liquor gasification system fails and the company must revert to installation of conventional means of controlling emissions from black liquor treatment. Without the amendments, Georgia-Pacific would not have undertaken the project.
At this time, construction is well underway on the new gasification system. However, Georgia-Pacific has experienced certain, largely unavoidable, delays in construction. The delays have been significant enough that the company now projects starting-up the system about one year later than originally anticipated. As a result, Georgia-Pacific has requested that EPA extend the compliance date flexibility up to one year longer than provided in the original Project XL site-specific rule. After reviewing all information concerning Georgia-Pacific's request, we believe it appropriate to amend the original site-specific rule. This action amends the original compliance extension and allows Georgia-Pacific up to March 1, 2008 to comply with the standard, in the event the gasification system fails.
This direct final rule will be effective on November 3, 2003 without further notice, unless EPA receives adverse comments by September 4, 2003. If EPA receives adverse comment, we will publish a timely withdrawal in the Federal Register informing the public that this rule will not take effect.
Public Comments. Comments on this direct final rulemaking must be received on or before September 4, 2003. All comments should be submitted in writing or electronically according to the directions below in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section.
Public Hearing. Commenters may request a public hearing no later than August 19, 2003. Commenters requesting a public hearing should specify the basis for their request.
If EPA determines that there is sufficient reason to hold a public hearing, it will be held on September 8, 2003, at 10 a.m. Requests to present oral testimony must be made by August 25, 2003.
To make comments by mail, send (two) 2 copies of your comments to the Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, Environmental Protection Agency, Mailcode: 6102T, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC, 20460, Attention Docket ID No. A-2002-0072. Comments also may be submitted electronically, or through hand delivery/courier. Follow the detailed instructions as provided below in I.C. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section.
Persons interested in requesting a hearing, attending a hearing, or presenting oral testimony at a hearing should call Mr. David Beck at (919) 541-5421. If a public hearing is held, it will take place at the Big Island Elementary School, 1114 Schooldays Road, Big Island, Virginia.Start Further Info
Mr. David Beck, Office of Environmental Policy Innovation (E-143-02), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Mr. Beck can be reached at 919-541-5421 (or by e-mail at: email@example.com). Further information on today's action may also be obtained on the World Wide Web at http://www.epa.gov/projectxl/.End Further Info End Preamble Start Supplemental Information
Outline of Today's Document
The information presented in this preamble is arranged as follows:
I. General Information
A. Regulated Entities
B. How Can I Get Copies Of This Document and Other Related Information?
C. How and To Whom Do I Submit Comments?
D. How Should I Submit CBI to the Agency?
E. What Should I Consider as I Prepare My Comments for EPA?
II. Authority
III. Background
A. What is Project XL?
B. Description of Big Island Facility
IV. The Georgia-Pacific XL Project
A. What Are the Basic Elements of the Project?
B. What Is the Construction Status Under the Project?
V. What Regulatory Change Are We Making To Accommodate the Construction Delay?
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children from Environmental Health and Safety Risks
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions that Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
I. National Technology Transfer Advancement Act
J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
K. Congressional Review Act
I. General Information
A. Regulated Entities
This amendment to the Pulp and Paper MACT II applies to a single source, the Georgia-Pacific Corporation's pulp and paper facility in Big Island, Virginia. Start Printed Page 46103
B. How Can I Get Copies of This Document and Other Related Information?
1. Docket. EPA has established an official public docket for this action under Docket ID No. A-2002-0072. The official public docket consists of the documents specifically referenced in this action, any public comments received, and other information related to this action. Although a part of the official docket, the public docket does not include Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. The official public docket is the collection of materials that is available for public viewing at the Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center in the EPA Docket Center, (EPA/DC) EPA West, Room B102, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC. The EPA Docket Center Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the Air and Radiation Docket is (202) 566-1742. The public may copy a maximum of 100 pages from any regulatory docket at no charge. Additional copies cost 15 cents per page.
2. Electronic Access. You may access this Federal Register document electronically through the EPA Internet under the "Federal Register" listings at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/.
An electronic version of the public docket is available through EPA's electronic public docket and comment system, EPA Dockets. You may use EPA Dockets at http://www.epa.gov/edocket/ to submit or view public comments, access the index listing of the contents of the official public docket, and to access those documents in the public docket that are available electronically. Once in the system, select "search," then key in the appropriate docket identification number.
Certain types of information will not be placed in the EPA Dockets. Information claimed as CBI and other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute, which is not included in the official public docket, will not be available for public viewing in EPA's electronic public docket. EPA's policy is that copyrighted material will not be placed in EPA's electronic public docket but will be available only in printed, paper form in the official public docket. To the extent feasible, publicly available docket materials will be made available in EPA's electronic public docket. When a document is selected from the index list in EPA Dockets, the system will identify whether the document is available for viewing in EPA's electronic public docket. Although not all docket materials may be available electronically, you may still access any of the publicly available docket materials through the docket facility identified in I.B. EPA intends to work towards providing electronic access to all of the publicly available docket materials through EPA's electronic public docket.
For public commenters, it is important to note that EPA's policy is that public comments, whether submitted electronically or in paper, will be made available for public viewing in EPA's electronic public docket as EPA receives them and without change, unless the comment contains copyrighted material, CBI, or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. When EPA identifies a comment containing copyrighted material, EPA will provide a reference to that material in the version of the comment that is placed in EPA's electronic public docket. The entire printed comment, including the copyrighted material, will be available in the public docket. Public comments submitted on computer disks that are mailed or delivered to the docket will be transferred to EPA's electronic public docket. Public comments that are mailed or delivered to the Docket will be scanned and placed in EPA's electronic public docket. Where practical, physical objects will be photographed, and the photograph will be placed in EPA's electronic public docket along with a brief description written by the docket staff.
For additional information about EPA's electronic public docket visit EPA Dockets online or see 67 FR 38102, May 31, 2002.
C. How and to Whom Do I Submit Comments?
You may submit comments electronically, by mail, by facsimile, or through hand delivery/courier. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, identify the appropriate docket identification number in the subject line on the first page of your comment. Please ensure that your comments are submitted within the specified comment period. Comments received after the close of the comment period will be marked "late." EPA is not required to consider these late comments. If you wish to submit CBI or information that is otherwise protected by statute, please follow the instructions in I.C.2 and I.D. below. Do not use EPA Dockets or e-mail to submit CBI or information protected by statute.
1. Electronically. If you submit an electronic comment as prescribed below, EPA recommends that you include your name, mailing address, and an e-mail address or other contact information in the body of your comment. Also include this contact information on the outside of any disk or CD ROM you submit, and in any cover letter accompanying the disk or CD ROM. This ensures that you can be identified as the submitter of the comment and allows EPA to contact you in case EPA cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties or needs further information on the substance of your comment. EPA's policy is that EPA will not edit your comment, and any identifying or contact information provided in the body of a comment will be included as part of the comment that is placed in the official public docket, and made available in EPA's electronic public docket. If EPA cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment.
i. EPA Dockets. Your use of EPA's electronic public docket to submit comments to EPA electronically is EPA's preferred method for receiving comments. Go directly to EPA Dockets at http://www.epa.gov/edocket, and follow the online instructions for submitting comments. To access EPA's electronic public docket from the EPA Internet Home Page, select "Information Sources," "Dockets," and "EPA Dockets." Once in the system, select "search," and then key in Docket ID No. A-2002-0072. The system is an "anonymous access" system, which means EPA will not know your identity, e-mail address, or other contact information unless you provide it in the body of your comment.
ii. E-mail. Comments may be sent by electronic mail (e-mail) to firstname.lastname@example.com, Attention Docket ID No. A-2002-0072. In contrast to EPA's electronic public docket, EPA's e-mail system is not an "anonymous access" system. If you send an e-mail comment directly to the Docket without going through EPA's electronic public docket, EPA's e-mail system automatically captures your e-mail address. E-mail addresses that are automatically captured by EPA's e-mail system are included as part of the comment that is placed in the official public docket, and made available in EPA's electronic public docket.
iii. Disk or CD ROM. You may submit comments on a disk or CD ROM that you mail to the mailing address identified in C.2 below. These electronic submissions will be accepted in Start Printed Page 46104WordPerfect or ASCII file format. Avoid the use of special characters and any form of encryption.
2. By Mail. Send two (2) copies of your comments to the Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, Environmental Protection Agency, Mailcode: 6102T, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460, Attention Docket ID No. A-2002-0072.
3. By Hand Delivery or Courier. Deliver your comments to: Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Docket Center, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20004, Attention Docket ID No. A-2002-0072. Such deliveries are only accepted during the Docket's normal hours of operation as identified in A.1.
4. By Facsimile. Fax your comments to: (202) 566-1741, Attention Docket ID. No. A-2002-0072.
D. How Should I Submit CBI to the Agency?
Do not submit information that you consider to be CBI electronically through EPA's electronic public docket or by e-mail. Send or deliver information identified as CBI only to the following address: Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), RCRA Docket, 1301 Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20004, Attention Docket ID No. RCRA-2002-0032. You may claim information that you submit to EPA as CBI by marking any part or all of that information as CBI (if you submit CBI on disk or CD ROM, mark the outside of the disk or CD ROM as CBI and then identify electronically within the disk or CD ROM the specific information that is CBI). Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2.
In addition to one complete version of the comment that includes any information claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment that does not contain the information claimed as CBI must be submitted for inclusion in the public docket and EPA's electronic public docket. If you submit the copy that does not contain CBI on disk or CD ROM, mark the outside of the disk or CD ROM clearly that it does not contain CBI. Information not marked as CBI will be included in the public docket and EPA's electronic public docket without prior notice. If you have any questions about CBI or the procedures for claiming CBI, please consult the person identified in Summary section above.
E. What Should I Consider as I Prepare My Comments for EPA?
You may find the following suggestions helpful for preparing your comments:
1. Explain your views as clearly as possible.
2. Describe any assumptions that you used.
3. Provide any technical information and/or data you used that support your views.
4. If you estimate potential burden or costs, explain how you arrived at your estimate.
5. Provide specific examples to illustrate your concerns.
6. Offer alternatives.
7. Make sure to submit your comments by the comment period deadline identified.
8. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, identify the appropriate docket identification number in the subject line on the first page of your response. It would also be helpful if you provided the name, date, and Federal Register citation related to your comments.
II. Authority
This rule is being promulgated under the authority of section 112 of the Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990 (42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.).
III. Background
A. What Is Project XL?
Project XL is an EPA initiative developed to allow regulated entities to achieve better environmental results at less cost. Project XL—"eXcellence and Leadership"—was announced on March 16, 1995 (see 60 FR 27282, May 23, 1995). Detailed descriptions of the Project XL program have been published previously in numerous public documents which are generally available electronically via the Internet at http://www.epa.gov/projectxl/. Briefly, Project XL gives a limited number of regulated entities the opportunity to develop their own pilot projects and alternative strategies to achieve environmental performance that is superior to what would be achieved through compliance with current and reasonably anticipated future environmental regulations. These efforts are crucial to the Agency's ability to test new regulatory strategies that reduce regulatory burden and promote economic growth while achieving better environmental and public health protection. The Agency intends to evaluate the results of this and other XL projects to determine which specific elements of the projects, if any, should be more broadly applied to other regulated entities, for the benefit of both the economy and the environment.
Project XL is intended to allow EPA to experiment with new or pilot projects that provide alternative approaches to regulatory requirements, both to assess whether they provide benefits at the specific facility affected, and determine whether these projects should be considered for wider application. Such pilot projects allow EPA to proceed more quickly than would be possible when undertaking changes on a nationwide basis. EPA may modify rules, on a site-or State-specific basis, that represent one of several possible policy approaches within a more general statutory directive, so long as the alternative being used is permissible under the statute.
On May 31, 2000, EPA's Region 3, joined by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, and Georgia-Pacific signed the Final Project Agreement (FPA) for the Georgia-Pacific XL project. A copy of the FPA is available to the public at the EPA Air Docket in Washington, DC (Docket No. A-2000-42), at the EPA Region 3 Library in Philadelphia, and on the Internet at http://www.epa.gov/ProjectXL/georgia/finalfpa.pdf. The FPA is a non-binding written agreement between the project sponsor and regulatory agencies which describes the project in detail, discusses criteria to be met, identifies performance goals and indicators, and outlines how the agreement will be managed.
B. Description of Big Island Facility
Georgia-Pacific owns and operates a non-sulfur, non-bleaching pulp and paper mill at Big Island, Virginia. The facility produces two products: corrugating medium, which is used by box manufacturing plants to make the fluted inner layer of corrugated boxes; and linerboard, which is used for the inside and outside layers of the boxes. Corrugating medium is made from secondary (recycled) fiber and hardwood pulp produced using a sodium carbonate/sodium hydroxide based pulping liquor, and linerboard is made from fiber recycled from old corrugated containers, clippings and rejects from corrugated container manufacturing plants, and some mixed office waste paper. Overall, the mill produces an average 870 tons per day of corrugating medium and 730 tons per day of linerboard.
The mill currently handles the spent ("black") liquor from wood pulping operations by reducing liquor water content, using a conventional multiple effect evaporation train, and combusting Start Printed Page 46105the concentrated (about 60 percent solids) liquor in two smelters. Molten smelt is drawn from the smelters and dissolved in water to recover the pulping chemical sodium carbonate. Exhaust gases from the smelters pass through a venturi scrubber and are then discharged to the atmosphere.
IV. The Georgia-Pacific XL Project
A. What Are the Basic Elements of the Project?
The mill currently is subject to two air emission standards. The first was promulgated under Clean Air Act (CAA) section 112, as part of the "Cluster Rule," on April 15, 1998 (63 FR 18617). That rule set standards reflecting performance of maximum achievable control technology (MACT) for hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) emitted by certain emission sources in pulp and paper mills. EPA promulgated a second air standard for pulp and paper mills on January 12, 2001 (66 FR 3179). The second standard, likewise reflecting MACT, specifically addresses HAP emissions from combustion sources associated with the recovery of pulping chemicals from liquid pulping wastes (e.g., black liquor)(40 CFR part 63, subpart MM—National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From Chemical Recovery Combustion Sources at Kraft, Soda, Sulfite, and Stand-Alone Semichemical Pulp Mills or "MACT II"). Georgia-Pacific's facility at Big Island is a semi-chemical pulp mill and its two existing smelters (types of combustion units) are subject to the MACT II rule.
The MACT II rule contains emission limitations, but does not require use of a particular technology to meet the limitations. The current emissions from Georgia-Pacific's two existing smelters at Big Island exceed the HAP emission standard in the MACT II rule. For Georgia-Pacific's Big Island facility to meet the standard, the smelters would have to be upgraded substantially. The age and physical condition of the smelters dictate that they either be rebuilt with additional emission control devices or replaced, such as with a conventional recovery boiler commonly used in the industry. Of these two options, Georgia-Pacific would choose to replace the smelters with a conventional recovery boiler.
However, Georgia-Pacific also investigated, and eventually chose, a third alternative for chemical recovery, replacing the smelters with a PulseEnhancedTM, steam reforming black liquor gasification system developed by Stone Chem, Inc. This technology uses steam reforming to convert the organics in black liquor to a hydrogen-rich gas fuel, leaving the residual pulping chemicals (primarily sodium carbonate) for reuse. The gas can then be used as a clean burning energy source for heat in the gasification unit and as an alternative boiler fuel, replacing fossil-fuel based (non-renewable) natural gas. Implementation of such a gasification system is expected to allow the Big Island facility to reduce emissions well below the MACT II HAP emission standards, and to significantly lower emissions of other criteria pollutants, compared to installation of conventional technology. However, the technology has yet to be commercially demonstrated.
The signatories to the FPA, and the other project stakeholders, believe that gasification of black liquor represents a new and better approach for the chemical recovery process and eliminates many of the deficiencies of the conventional recovery furnace and fluid bed combustion technologies. The benefits of gasification to the paper industry generally are expected to include: increased efficiency in energy conversion and chemical recovery, elimination of the smelt-water explosion hazard, reduced operation and maintenance costs, and significantly lower environmental emissions. The emissions expected to be reduced include: particulates, sulfur dioxide (SO2), total reduced sulfur (TRS), nitrogen oxides (NOX), volatile organic compounds (VOC), carbon monoxide (CO), hazardous air pollutants (HAP), and greenhouse gases, specifically carbon dioxide (CO2). These benefits are particularly attractive to pulp mills such as Georgia-Pacific's at Big Island that use a semi-chemical non-sulfur process that requires auxiliary fossil fuel to sustain combustion of the black liquor. Projected benefits to the Big Island facility and surrounding areas include significant reductions in NOX, VOC, CO, and particulates.
Although Georgia-Pacific's feasibility analysis indicated the risks of attempting to construct and operate the new technology would be within acceptable limits from a technical standpoint, the company had two other concerns. The first concern was the cost of the project. Estimated costs to complete a black liquor gasification project, the first commercial scale implementation of this technology, were quite high and considerably more than the cost of installing a new conventional recovery boiler. Therefore, Georgia-Pacific sought and has received some co-funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), which has recognized the technology's potential usefulness.
The second concern involved compliance with the MACT II rule. With this demonstration of a new technology come risks that the technology ultimately will not be successful. If this occurs, Georgia-Pacific's Big Island mill will not have a functioning replacement for the smelters in time to meet the MACT II compliance date, which is March 13, 2004. Therefore, for this XL project EPA committed to undertake a rulemaking to provide temporary relief from the MACT II compliance date for this situation (and also for a defined time period in which Georgia-Pacific will run the new gasification system on black liquor from a Kraft pulp mill, to meet an obligation under their funding agreement with DOE). To fulfill this commitment, EPA promulgated amendments to the MACT II rule on March 26, 2001 (66 FR 16400).
The amendments included a provision to allow the Big Island facility until March 1, 2007, to comply with the applicable performance standard, if Georgia-Pacific's attempt to implement commercial scale black liquor gasification at the Big Island mill fails. The compliance extension, nearly three years later than the otherwise applicable compliance date, was intended to allow Georgia-Pacific time to replace the unsuccessful gasifier with a conventional chemical recovery system.
B. What Is the Construction Status Under the Project?
Proceeding according to the FPA and the original site-specific rule, and after signing a co-funding contract with the Department of Energy (DOE), Georgia-Pacific began final design and construction of the black liquor gasification system in early 2001. Since that time, Georgia-Pacific has spent about 13 million dollars, and has made considerable construction progress. As of the end of December 2002, construction was about 50% complete (see Georgia-Pacific's Web site for current project construction information: http://www.gp.com/containerboard/mills/big/steam.html). But Georgia-Pacific also has experienced delays. To begin with, in the FPA Georgia-Pacific agreed to begin construction after signing a contract with DOE. That signing was expected to take place in mid-2000, but did not occur until February 15, 2001. Additionally, Georgia-Pacific encountered several unexpected, significant design issues. For example, control of sulfur emissions from the system was originally based on scrubbing hydrogen sulfide from the product gas using green liquor. This strategy proved infeasible. After Start Printed Page 46106evaluating several alternative hydrogen sulfide scrubbing processes, Georgia-Pacific determined that the best alternative was to control the sulfur compounds after combustion of the product gas, with a sulfur dioxide scrubber. This change required major revisions to process design and equipment layout. In another instance, company reviews turned up several design issues with the pulsed jet heaters; moreover, the designer of the gasification process imposed a new requirement for water cooling certain parts of the pulse heaters. The reliability of the pulsed jet heaters is critical to successful operation of the gasification process, and these issues had to be addressed. Georgia-Pacific also identified several design issues with the reformer vessel and green liquor filtering system. In all, the Georgia-Pacific project team identified over 20 significant changes that had to be made in the design phase to enhance the commercial viability of the system.
The design reviews of the entire system have been completed, all identified issues have been resolved, and, as mentioned, construction is well underway. No further significant design changes are anticipated, and the remaining construction phase should be relatively straightforward. Nonetheless, the delayed start under the DOE contract and the numerous design changes have led to a projected one year delay in the construction and commissioning schedule. Previously, the company expected to be able to start-up the gasification system and determine whether it was a success or failure by March 1, 2004. Now that date is projected as March 1, 2005.
V. What Regulatory Change Are We Making To Accommodate the Construction Delay?
As stated in the FPA and the initial site-specific rule, if the full scale implementation of the gasification system is determined to be unsuccessful, Georgia-Pacific will need three years from that determination to remove the gasification system and install and start-up a conventional recovery boiler to meet the MACT II standard (See 66 FR at 16404). Due to the delays noted above, the determination as to whether the gasification system is successful may now occur as late as March 1, 2005, and the subsequent start-up of the replacement boiler thus may occur as late as March 1, 2008. The current site-specific MACT II rule compliance date for the Big Island mill, in the event of gasification system failure, is March 1, 2007, at the latest. This is a year earlier than the latest projected startup of a replacement boiler (See 66 FR at 16408). To accommodate the delayed construction schedule, we are amending the MACT II rule to allow the Big Island facility up to March 1, 2008, to comply, in the event the new gasification system is declared a failure. Also amended, to reflect this change in the compliance date, are two notification dates in the "Reporting requirements" section (40 CFR 63.867) of the MACT II rule. We note that any additional compliance extensions are subject to the rulemaking process and the rationale for any extensions will be thoroughly analyzed.
This revised compliance extension relies on the same rationale as the original extension. That is, in the event that the gasification system is declared a failure, the Agency would regard the Georgia-Pacific mill in Big Island, Virginia, as a different type of mill, essentially a member of its own subcategory—a mill that had attempted to recover black liquor through gasification. As a separate subcategory, the Big Island mill would be accorded the statutory 3 year compliance period to install conventional recovery technology to meet the MACT II emission standard. The 3 year compliance period would begin on the day that Georgia-Pacific declares the gasification system a failure. The latest date Georgia-Pacific could declare the system a failure is March 1, 2005, and, thus, the latest date for compliance under the failure scenario is March 1, 2008.
The construction delay has created a second problem with respect to compliance. Georgia-Pacific no longer expects to be able to start up the gasification system before March 13, 2004, as the company originally anticipated before the delays. This date is the ordinary compliance date for the MACT II rule and the one that applies to Big Island's existing smelters until such time, if ever, that Georgia-Pacific declares the gasification system a failure. It is now almost certain that any successful gasification system startup will occur after March 13, 2004. This leaves a period of potentially about a year (from March 13, 2004 to March 1, 2005, at the latest) in which Georgia-Pacific will be working toward gasification system startup, but will occasionally need to operate the smelters. Full capacity startup of the complex gasification system is expected to take several months. As the company is working toward startup, the gasification system may operate intermittently and/or at a reduced capacity as Georgia-Pacific makes equipment or process adjustments and conducts operational trials. Under these conditions, the existing smelters must operate to treat the black liquor generated by the facility but not being treated in the gasifier. Under current regulations, if by March 13, 2004, the gasification system is not started-up, any such operation of the smelters would violate the MACT II rule emission standard.
To avoid potential noncompliance from smelter operation prior to startup (full time, stable operation) of the gasification system, Georgia-Pacific applied to the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (the applicable CAA Title V permit-issuing authority) for an extension of the MACT II March 13, 2004 compliance date to March 1, 2005, for the Big Island mill. Under section 112(i)(3)(B) of the Clean Air Act, a source may be granted an extension of an applicable compliance date by up to one year, if the extension "is necessary for the installation of controls." The gasification system constitutes the "control" that will achieve the MACT II emission standard, and the extra time is needed for its installation. On December 16, 2002, and after consideration of the information supplied to them, the Virginia DEQ granted Georgia-Pacific's request for the compliance date extension to March 1, 2005.
We are publishing this rule amendment as a direct final promulgation, effective 90 days after publication, because the action is expected to be non-controversial and not generate negative comment. If we receive negative comment on this action, we will publish a timely withdrawal of these rule amendments. In such a case, we will consider a companion notice found elsewhere in today's Federal Register as the proposed rule amendments. We will then consider the comments received and subsequently publish a final agency action.
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review
Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735), the Agency must determine whether this regulatory action is "significant" and therefore subject to formal review by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and to the requirements of the Executive Order, which include assessing the costs and benefits anticipated as a result of this regulatory action. The Order defines "significant regulatory" action as one that is likely to result in a rule that may: (1) Have an annual effect on the Start Printed Page 46107economy of $100 million or more or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, or state, local, or tribal governments or communities; (2) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency; (3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or (4) raise novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in the Executive Order.
Because this rule affects only one facility, it is not a rule of general applicability. It has been determined that this rule is not a "significant regulatory action" under the terms of Executive Order 12866 and is therefore not subject to OMB review.
B. Paperwork Reduction Act
This action does not impose an information collection burden under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., since it applies to only one facility. It is exempt from OMB review under the Paperwork Reduction Act because it is a site specific rule, directed to fewer than ten persons. 44 U.S.C. 3502(3), (10); 5 CFR 1320.3(c), 1320.4 and 1320.5.
C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), as amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., generally requires an agency to prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and public comment rulemaking requirements unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Small entities include small businesses, small not-for-profit enterprises, and small governmental jurisdictions. The project sponsor, Georgia-Pacific Corporation, is the regulated entity for this pilot project and is not a small business. This rule does not apply to small businesses, small not-for-profit enterprises, nor small governmental jurisdictions. Further, it is a site-specific rule with limited applicability to only one pulp and paper mill in the nation. After considering the economic impacts of today's final rule on small entities, I certify that this rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), Public Law 104-4, establishes requirements for Federal agencies to assess the effects of their regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments and the private sector. Under section 202 of the UMRA, EPA generally must prepare a written statement, including cost benefit analysis, for proposed and final rules with "Federal mandates" that may result in expenditures to State, local, and Tribal governments in the aggregate or to the private sector of $100 million or more in any one year. Before promulgating an EPA rule for which a written statement is needed, section 205 of the UMRA generally requires EPA to identify and consider a reasonable number of regulatory alternatives and adopt the least costly, most cost-effective or least burdensome alternative that achieves the objectives of the rule. The provisions of section 205 do not apply when they are inconsistent with applicable law. Moreover section 205 allows EPA to adopt an alternative other than the least costly, most cost-effective or least burdensome alternative if the Administrator publishes with the final rule an explanation of why that alternative was not adopted. Before EPA establishes any regulatory requirements that may significantly or uniquely affect small governments, including Tribal governments, it must have developed under section 203 of the UMRA a small government agency plan. The plan must provide for notifying affected small governments, enabling officials of affected small governments to have meaningful and timely input in the development of the EPA regulatory proposal with significant Federal mandates, and informing, educating, and advising small governments on compliance with the regulatory requirements. As used here, "small government" has the same meaning as that contained under 5 U.S.C. 601(5), that is, governments of cities, counties, towns, townships, villages, school districts, or special districts, with a population of less than fifty thousand.
As discussed above, this rule will have limited application. It applies only to the Georgia-Pacific facility in Big Island, Virginia. This direct final rule amendment does not impose any costs on Georgia-Pacific, but rather provides an avenue for the company to commercialize a new technology that will comply with the existing rule. EPA has determined that this rule amendment does not contain a Federal mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more for State, local, or Tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the private sector in any one year. Thus, this rule is not subject to the requirements of section 202 and 205 of the UMRA. EPA has also determined that this rule contains no regulatory requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect small governments.
E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
Executive Order 13132, entitled "Federalism" (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999), requires EPA to develop an accountable process to ensure "meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications." The phrase, "Policies that have federalism implications" is defined in the Executive Order to include regulations that have "substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government."
This rule does not have federalism implications. It will not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, nor on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government, as specified in Executive Order 13132. This rule amendment will affect one local governmental entity and a State, only shifts a conditional compliance date in the existing rule, and, therefore, has a negligible effect on the State and local governmental entities concerned. Thus, Executive Order 13132 does not apply to this rule.
F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments
Executive Order 13175, entitled "Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments" (65 FR 67249, November 6, 2000), requires EPA to develop a process that is accountable to ensure "meaningful and timely input by Tribal officials in the development of regulatory policies that have Tribal implications." "Policies that have Tribal implications" is defined in the Executive Order to include regulations that have "substantial direct effects on one or more Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal government and the Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal government and Indian tribes."
This rule does not have Tribal implications. It will not have substantial direct effects on Tribal governments, on Start Printed Page 46108the relationship between the Federal government and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this rule.
G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental Health and Safety Risks
Executive Order 13045, "Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks" (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997), applies to any rule that: (1) Is determined to be "economically significant," as defined in Executive Order 12886; and (2) concerns an environmental health or safety risk that EPA has reason to believe may have a disproportionate effect on children. If the regulatory action meets both criteria, the Agency must evaluate the environmental health or safety effects of the planned rule on children and explain why the planned regulation is preferable to potentially effective and feasible alternatives considered by the Agency.
This rule is not subject to the Executive Order because it is not economically significant as defined in Executive Order 12866, and because the Agency believes the environmental health or safety risks addressed by this action do not present a disproportionate risk to children. This rule will allow for the commercialization of a promising new technology that is expected to emit lower levels of hazardous air pollutants compared to the conventional technology currently employed. Therefore, no additional risk to public health, including children's health, is expected to result from this action.
H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
This rule is not a "significant energy action" as defined in Executive Order 13211, "Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use" (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001) because it is not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy. It will not result in increased energy prices, increased cost of energy distribution, or an increased dependence on foreign supplies of energy.
I. National Technology Transfer Advancement Act
Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 ("NTTAA"), Public Law 104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 note) directs EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in its regulatory activities unless such practice is inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical standards (for example, material specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, and business practices) developed or adopted by voluntary consensus standard bodies. The NTTAA directs EPA to provide Congress, through OMB, explanations when the Agency decides not to use available and applicable voluntary consensus standards. This rulemaking however, does not involve any technical standards; therefore EPA did not consider the use of any voluntary consensus standards.
J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
Executive Order 12898, "Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations" (February 11, 1994) is designed to address the environmental and human health conditions of minority and low-income populations. EPA is committed to addressing environmental justice concerns and has assumed a leadership role in environmental justice initiatives to enhance environmental quality for all citizens of the United States. The Agency's goals are to ensure that no segment of the population, regardless of race, color, national origin, income, or net worth bears disproportionately high adverse human health or environmental impacts as a result of EPA's policies, programs, and activities. Today's action applies to one facility in Big Island, Virginia, and will have no disproportionate impacts on minority or low income communities. Overall, the project being undertaken at Big Island will, if successful, produce environmental performance superior to that expected through compliance with existing regulations.
K. Congressional Review Act
The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule, to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. Section 804 exempts from section 801 the following types of rules (1) rules of particular applicability; (2) rules relating to agency management or personnel; and (3) rules of agency organization, procedure, or practice that do not substantially affect the rights or obligations of non-agency parties. EPA is not required to submit a rule report regarding today's action under section 801 because this is a rule of particular applicability.Start List of Subjects
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63
- Environmental protection
- Air pollution control
- Hazardous substances
- Reporting and recordkeeping requirements
Dated: July 28, 2003.
Marianne L. Horinko,
Acting Administrator.
For the reasons set out in the preamble, title 40, chapter I of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows:End Amendment Part Start Part
PART 63-NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT SOURCE CATEGORIESEnd Part Start Amendment Part
1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as follows:End Amendment Part
Subpart MM—[Amended]Start Amendment Part
2. Amend § 63.863 by revising paragraph (c)(1) to read as follows:End Amendment Part
(c) * * *
(1) If Georgia-Pacific Corporation constructs a new black liquor gasification system at Big Island, VA, determines that its attempt to start up the new system has been a failure and, therefore, must construct another type of chemical recovery unit to replace the two existing semichemical combustion units at Big Island, then the two existing semichemical combustion units must comply with the requirements of this subpart by the earliest of the following dates: three years after Georgia-Pacific declares the gasification system a failure, upon startup of the new replacement unit(s), or March 1, 2008.
3. Amend § 63.867 by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as follows:End Amendment Part
(a) * * *
(2) Notifications specific to Georgia-Pacific Corporation's affected sources in Big Island, Virginia.
(i) For a compliance extension under § 63.863(c)(1), submit a notice that provides the date of Georgia-Pacific's determination that the black liquor gasification system is not successful and the reasons why the technology is not Start Printed Page 46109successful. The notice must be submitted within 15 days of Georgia-Pacific's determination, but not later than March 16, 2005.
(ii) For operation under § 63.863(c)(2), submit a notice providing: a statement that Georgia-Pacific Corporation intends to run the Kraft black liquor trials, the anticipated period in which the trials will take place, and a statement explaining why the trials could not be conducted prior to March 1, 2005. The notice must be submitted at least 30 days prior to the start of the Kraft liquor trials.
[FR Doc. 03-19919 Filed 8-4-03; 8:45 am]


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The caps were off and the glasses filled, albeit just a little, as 11 leading members of the national and international wine industry set off yesterday on the path to determining which 22 wines and their creators will pick up the plaudits at this year's Hawke's Bay A&P Bayleys Wine Awards.
The judging is taking place at the EIT's Centre of Viticulture and Wine and among the judging line-up are two international judging guests, Dr Sue Bastion from Adelaide and Patrick Comiskey from Los Angeles.
Chairman of judges and Trinity Hill chief winemaker Warren Gibson said that when putting the team together he wanted to ensure word about the high standards being achieved within Hawke's Bay wine making reached the country's biggest export market.
Through strong demand for Marlborough sauvignon blanc and Otago's pinot noir wine exports to the US were running near the half-billion dollar mark.
"By leveraging off New Zealand's growing popularity in the United States we have a huge opportunity to educate and increase sales for Hawke's Bay wine and get them just as excited about our chardonnay, merlot/cabernet sauvignon and syrah wines," Mr Gibson said.
The region had also been set in a fine position by mother nature after enjoying four exceptional vintages in a row.
"From the 2013 reds coming of age to the young and fresh early 2016 whites the region is showcasing an outstanding range of wines."
Mr Gibson said as well as championing Hawke's Bay's impressive wine story the annual awards were also crucial for supporting future growth, expanding knowledge and providing education opportunities for the region's wine industry.
The international judges would also be spending time meeting and working with winemakers and students during their visit.
Dr Bastion, who owns a small winemaking business, has been a wine researcher and educator for 14 years and is a regular judge at leading events in Australia.
She has written more than 60 scientific, peer-reviewed publications on viticulture, oenology, and sensory and consumer science.
Mr Comiskey, who is the wine writer for the Los Angeles Times and several leading magazine publications, is an instructor in wine business at the University of California.
The other judges are Hawke's Bay's Rod Easthope, Ant McKenzie, Richard Tollenaar and Yvonne Lorking, Marlborough's Huw Kinch, Emma Jenkins from Taupo, Murray Cook and EIT students Lucas Perry and Lydia Hartshorne.
This year's awards, now in their 16th year and the largest regional awards event in the country, will see a few changes.
One is in the scoring system which used to be based on a possible 20 points.
That had now been set at rankings using 100 points which fall into line with international standards, and this year's show will be the first in the country to use the system.
All wines which secure a gold medal rating will go into the competition for the overall Champion Wine trophy in the varietal classes.
There will also be a new class in the form of the Langley Twigg Hawke's Bay A&P Society Champion Wine of Provenance. This class recognises wines which reflect their region, lineage and longevity.
The awards dinner will be staged at the Waikoko Gardens at Showgrounds Hawke's Bay on October 18.

subset: commoncrawl


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On what turned out to be a very hot day, our volunteer painters were back out on the corner working on Belmar's latest mural. Above, Bonnie adds some shadow color to the face. Below, Judy paints stripes that are part of the hat's brim.
Tom, shown above in front of the current state of the mural, showed up in time to help clean up after painting. A lot of progress has been made, but there is still a bit of work to do. The next planned painting session is this coming Friday, July 15th, starting around 8:00 am.


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I'm swiftly approaching five years of retirement, in May. It still amuses me that some people thought I would be bored in this stage of my life. "What will you DO?", people would gasp when I told them I was leaving the corporate world behind. My work life pace was dizzying, exhausting, and stressful. Looking back, I honestly don't know how I coped from day to day. What I know now is that I didn't eat properly, exercise enough, spend time with friends, or take very good care of my home. On top of that, I often didn't sleep well. The financial rewards were great and I am grateful that allowed me to run away sooner. But I was slowly killing myself.
Truly, I feel almost as busy today as I was when I worked. The difference is that my time is my own, and I choose what to do, with whom, and on what schedule. I don't lie awake at night, worrying about playing golf tomorrow and having dinner with friends. OK, that almost made me "LOL".
I am so NOT bored. My calendar for March was packed with activity almost every day. Granted, things are perking up around here a little with the advent of warmer weather. But here's some of what I did this month:
Dinner at friends' homes (5 times), Nine & Dine at club, Golf (several times a week), Sweet Adelines chorus rehearsal (once a week for 3 hours), meeting with contractor (for patio expansion), medical check-up, Nine & Wine, overnight trip to Scottsdale, Cubs Spring Training game, dinner out with friends, Friday Night Happy Hours at club, Wine Pairing Dinner, Silpada jewelry party, St Patrick's Day golf tournament, haircut, party planning, Spring cleaning (indoors and out), patio furniture delivery, lunch with an old Hilton friend, Bunco Night with the girls, a Talking Rock Communication Council meeting, a Wine Tasting, several long phone calls with Mom and far-away friends, and blogging. That doesn't include normal housekeeping, laundry, shopping, and preparation of meals. And we still have four days left in the month for more golf, including a tournament on Friday, and an Easter Brunch party for 64 invitees that we are co-hosting with our neighbors.
Busy, busy, busy - and loving every minute of being a Runaway Boomer!
Thursday, March 28, 2013
Busy, Busy, Busy!
Posted by Laurel Haropulos Bailey at 7:37 AM
Labels: activity, haropulos, Laurel Bailey, retirement
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Another day without walking.
I've been busy making Halloween Aprons.
I've also been reading. I reinstated my membership with the Mystery Writers Guild of America
There is a local group that I use to go to the luncheon's and became friendly with the local Mystery Writers. One of the books I just finished is Board Stiff (A Dead end job mystery) by Elaine Viets.
I wrote a review for Amazon, Barnes and Goodreads because it is a Page Turner. . .This is another Dead-End Job mystery. . . therefore, you are familiar with the major characters and their ongoing development. This book holds it's own without your having read the others though. There is enough background for comprehension of the whole story without bogging it down. Board Stiff is a page turner, it is also intricate and surprising all throughout. She is a fun and talented writer.
She is also a fun lady to get to know. I look forward to seeing her at the luncheon on Saturday.
Elaine also writes a column for The Lipstick Chronicles a very interesting blog by some great writers. ENJOY!
I'll have more authors books reviewed as time goes by.
Change your attitude, change your life. . . And Read a Book!


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The Middle Ages
What do you suppose happened during the middle ages? We know a few historical facts, but we really don't know any specifics. What were those people really doing back then? I've come across a game called Crusader Kings II that lets you try and run royal families all across Europe during the middle ages. There's not a whole lot of military strategy or things like that, the whole goal of the game seems to be to keep your family line around as long as you possible can. In a way, this means you want to be the biggest sex fiend you can be and have as many children as you can. This actually poses a few problems as your kids may end up fighting over who gets to be the next heir to whatever throne or title you have. Maybe one of your kids may even try to kill you so they can take over. And so here we go with my own "Game of Thrones" episode!
First off let me say that I started out trying to play as a historical figure in Italy and I got my butt kicked because there is still so much I don't know about this game. And so I re-started as an Earl in Ireland. To start off I will be playing as Earl Dunchad of Ormond.
All or most of the names here should be pretty much historically accurate. Or not, I really don't know that much about Irish history. But my Earl starts out in this small province called Ormond. I don't have any Dukes or Kings above me and am running my little province as an independent territory for the moment. First things first, my Earl is 24 years old and single. He needs a wife so he can start having kids. But who to marry him off to?
I find out that a "Princess Ximena" of a place called Navarra is single and arrange a marriage with her. That will give my Earl a lot of prestige to marry a princess! And here she is:
Ok, to be truthful that's not really who the Earl married. That's actually Miss Xemena Navarrete. She's a Miss Universe. *chuckle* The name is pretty close though, you have to admit! Actually Princess Ximena probably looked more like this:
Now the first part of this is going to be a bit slow. I thought things would heat up quickly, but they didn't. My Earl had two sisters. I married them off to kings. Arranged marriages can be fun! I married one sister named Sile off to the King of Scotland. I figured this would be a good move to have family in the Scottish royal court. That didn't work out for long as the king died shortly after the marriage and my sister wanted me to then marry her off to someone else. This time no kings were available and I had to marry her off to some other Earl. I married the other sister off the the king of Asturias, where ever that is. I had no idea, but he was a king, so it seemed a good deal.
The Earl had one brother. i married him off and he started having kids right away. I'm married to the Ximena woman, but wasn't seeming to have kids! How am I going to have an heir if I don't have any children! Damn! My brother began banging kids out immediately. He has a son named Selbach. then he has a son named Scoan. What the hell? He's popping out kids left and right and I'm still trying to have my first! Finally though my wife gets pregnant!
I end up with a son, but don't want to go with the Irish name the computer wants to name the kid. At least I think it was Irish? I don't know. Anyway, I name the kid Wally. Now things began to go bad in Scotland and the new king doesn't like me much. It's a good thing Scotland is a ways away from where I am. Screw their new king! *chuckle* Wife gets pregnant again and has another son. I name this one Elmo.
Now in my "court", my mother is the "Spymaster". It's always nice to have family watching your back, and Mom is pretty good at intrigue! Along comes this kid named "Brian" and he wants to take over Mom's job. I tell him no and send him on his way. My Earl finds himself wandering around a village and sees some drunks having a brawl. He goes over to participate and wipes the floor with the drunks. He's not too bad at defending himself! Very nice! He catches and beheads a spy. We're doing ok, if living an pretty bland and mostly uneventful life. Finally the Earl's mom dies at age 57. She was old, infirm and insane by then and a new guy named "Bundachan" becomes the new spymaster. I don't think he's as good as Mom was, but he'll have to do for now.
Ximena has another son and by now I'm a bit bored and name the kid Moose. I don't seem to be taking these names very seriously, but on the good side, I have a few heirs for the Earl. Ximena ends up pregnant, but not by me. That whore was screwing around on the Earl! How dare she! And it was with the Earl's Chancellor, a guy named "Mael-Fathardaig"! I had thought the Earl might do some screwing around, but not his wife! What a horrid turn of events! Her bastard daughter is named "Munia". I'll have to figure out what to do with her when she gets older.
The Earl apparently can't keep his hands off of Ximena and promptly jumps back into bed with her again. Shortly after that he dies at age 41. Now his heir will take over the kingdom.
That's for another blog, though. We'll check in on the reign of "Earl Wally Mac Dunchad of Omond" in another blog. For now, stay bored.


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Made of 100% canvas cotton.


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Xerona Clayton: Honoring Unsung Heroes
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Xynthia,Xynthia when will you go away? I don't want you here no more. You have been here long enough. I want sunshine not rain. I want a breeze not a storm. And I'm not a big fan of thungder and lightning, it' s a little scary when you are all alone in an empty flat.
My only flatmate moved out yesterday, so now I have this big empty thing to myself.
Always thought I would like living alone, guess I would have to get used to it now. I should use the living room a little more, it will become better if I throw those old things out. The people who used to live here have left so much stuff for us. Some underwear and towels, some old food, some pens and some cosmetics. It all gives this place a temporary feeling, like none of us are staying here for long.
I would have given you some pictures if I had any to show you, don't think I have taken many pictures with the digital camera since I came here. What I can promise is to show you my pictures for my new project as soon as I start it.
We are going to explore portraits, and we are going to do a photojournalistic project were we are to use a blog as the medium of communication.
Think I will try to take some pictures of the pretty houses and some touristy pictures of Porto.


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Contrary to the weather forecast, the sun came out this morning and stayed for the day. I dried a line of clothes. This morning, I cut up rhubarb for the freezer and for these muffins.
I so love it when things start to grow! I went outside before lunch and put in the last of my vegetable seeds in this once flower garden that wraps around my deck. You can't tell, but there are little beets under the glass. Behind the beets re pole beans. The only flowers left are the purple and white cone flowers in the middle.
Then, after lunch I had a few minutes so I started putting a small border on my mill piece. I had sewn it to the canvas that is behind it in the picture, but I didn't like that it looked crooked because of how the raw edges stretched, so I took it off. I think it will be better with the dark grey binding. I'll hand stitch it back on the canvas.
To-night, I went to our end of the year guild supper. I don't have any pictures because I left before the show and tell. It was a nice dinner though; it's always fun to chat with everyone.


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We decided on a darker warm stain, a light wood stain, a gray drift wood stain and a blue stain. The blue shown here was a bit dark so I gave it one quick coat of the gray stain. The grey took four coats to get it to the color I wanted.
Seriously I love it! I am soo excited about it and it fits perfectly with the look we are going for. And the blue brings out the frames!
Check out our links page to see wher we've linked our newest project.
~ Cassi
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- What should I do to improve my health?
- How long will I live?
- What diet would work best for me?
- What type of fitness would I enjoy most?
- Which trainer should I choose?
- What sport should I try?
- Personal Finance
- What should I do with my money?
- What should I invest in?
- What is my risk score?
- Should I rent or buy a house?
- Which 401K plan is right for me?
- Career & Work
- Where should I work?
- What workplace culture would fit me best?
- What is my entrepreneurial score?
- What kind of creative am I?
- Which founder am I most like?
- Who should I seek out for mentorship?
- Who should I start a company with?
- Commerce
- What car should I buy?
- What insurance do I need?
- What trip should I go on?
- What house should I buy?
- Where should I get my news?
- Which computer/device should I buy?
- Personal Relationships
- Who should I date?
- Who should I marry?
- Am I ready for children?
- What kind of pet should I get?
- Charity & Volunteering
- Who should I donate to?
- Who should I volunteer with?
- International
- What city should I live in?
- What country should I live in?
- What citizenship should I be?
- Which world issue should I help with?
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