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2008 Toyota Camry Hybrid
Toyota Announces Prices For 2008 Camry And Camry Hybrid
Toyota Motor Sales (TMS), Ú.S.A., Inc., announced manufacturer's suggested retail prices (MSRP) today for the 2008 Camry and Camry Hybrid.
America's best-selling car, and winner of Motor Trend's 2007 Car of the Year Award, continues to set global standards for comfort, performance and -- wîth the Camry Hybrid -- ultra-efficient fuel economy.
The gas version carries over unchanged for the 2008 model year wîth a price increase of $100 for each grade. The weighted average of the increase represents 0.4 percent across all grades. The base MSRP for the 2008 Camry sedan ranges from $18,570 for the four-cylinder engine and five-speed manual transmission to $28,120 for the premium XLE grade wîth a V6 engine and sixspeed automatic transmission.
(posted on conceptcarz.com)
The 2008 Camry Hybrid is a better value than ever as its price point has been lowered significantly, making Camry and Hybrid Synergy Drive technology available to more people. The Camry Hybrid is equipped wîth an array of standard features including a Smart Key system, dual-zone automatic climate control, Plasmacluster™ ionizer, sixteen-inch steel wheels, and AM/FM/single
CD audio system wîth six speakers.
Two new upgrade packages are available to those seeking more amenities. The upgrade packages are available wîth or without navigation.
(posted on conceptcarz.com)
Both packages offer sixteen-inch alloy wheels, JBL audio, leather-trimmed §teering wheel and shift knob, electrochromic rearview mirror wîth compass, and HomeLink®.
Vital Stats
Engine : 2.4 L., 4-cylinder
Power: 147 hp
Torque: 138 ft-lbs
Stand-alone options include power tilt/slide moonroof, leather-trimmed interior, driver and front passenger heated seats and heated outside mirrors. Camry Hybrid's base MSRP begins at $25,200, a decrease of $1,000 or - 3.8 percent versus the 2007 model.
Source - Toyota
How Hybrid Vehicles Work
Gas And Electric Combine For Incredible Mileage
'hybrid' to people not familiar wîth current trends in automotive technology and the first thoughts that come to mind might well be of some sort of genetically engineered corn that yields more bushels per acre. But in vehicular terms, hybrid refers to a powertrain that combines two different methods of propulsion, each augmenting the other in a way that enhances the strengths and minimizes the shortcomings of each.
In very simple terms, a hybrid powertrain, as used today in a variety of applications, utilizes an engine that burns fossil fuel, combined wîth an electrical system made up of a motor, generator and battery. Depending upon the individual system, the gasoline engine may be able to drive the vehicle by itself, or it may drive the electrical system only (which in turn will actually drive the vehicle). Alternatively, the electrical system might be able to drive the vehicle by itself, or both systems may be able to work together to varying degrees.
The current automotive internal combustion piston engine has been developed to an impressively high state of refinement. It delivers power levels, meets emissions and fuel economy requirements, while satisfying customer demands for smoothness, quietness, reliability and cost that would have been considered unthinkable just a few years ago. Plus there's a basic problem that faces almost every vehicle on the road: Each of them has an engine that is, most of the time, larger than it needs to be.
A typical four-door sedan may have an engine rated at, say, 200 horsepower. That vehicle requires the full 200 horsepower very little of the time, normally only for quick passing maneuvers or while climbing steep hills. The vast majority of the time the engine is operating at a small fraction of its fully rated output. Once the sedan is accelerated up to freeway speed, as little as 20 or 30 horsepower may be needed to keep it moving. In fact, many drivers may seldom, if ever, call upon the full power output of the engines under their cars' hoods. What people really need is 200 horsepower every once in a while, maybe 100 horsepower from time to time, and about 30 or 40 horsepower most of the time. The fuel economy and emissions benefits of such a powertrain should be obvious.
Could an electric car do that? The pure electric vehicle is quiet and smooth and generates none of the smog-forming emissions currently regulated for vehicles wîth gasoline engines. But after over a century of research, the pure electric car has the same handicap it had 100 years ago—limited range. Exacerbating the limited range are a couple of other major concerns: While a car wîth a gasoline engine can be completely refueled in a few minutes, literally hours are required to charge up an electric car. And while the gasoline vehicle runs just as well on the last drop of fuel as on the first, the further an electric car goes, the more its performance drops—because the battery is discharging—so the last of its 'range' is at a pace that becomes increasingly slow.
In simple terms, the electric car doesn't have enough when it's needed; the conventional gasoline car has too much when it's not needed. The hybrid helps solve both those issues.
The road vehicle, because it has to deal wîth the widely varying speeds and conditions of traffic, has a more difficult duty cycle. Starts, stops, short trips, family vacations, stuck in traffic jams—all these create fuel economy and emissions problems. To deal wîth this, the typical automotive hybrid system is comprised of a relatively small gasoline engine, which drives either the wheels directly, or a generator, or both. There's also an electric motor, which drives the wheels, sometimes alone, or sometimes in concert wîth the engine. A battery pack supplies the electric motor, and a generator makes the electrical power to recharge the battery. Sophisticated electronic controls watch over all these parts. As software is to computers, it's the controls that make the whole package work in harmony.
Hybrid Synergy Drive
The most sophisticated production hybrid system is Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD). HSD is featured in the second-generation Toyota Prius, which launched in 2003 as a 2004 model year vehicle; the Toyota Highlander Hybrid, which launched in 2005 as a 2006 model year vehicle, and the Camry Hybrid, which made its debut in 2006 as a 2007 model. Camry Hybrid also is the first Toyota hybrid assembled in the Únited States.
Hybrid Synergy Drive in the Prius and in the Camry Hybrid
With its Hybrid Synergy Drive, the Prius provides a case study of how these components work together. The Prius has a 1.5-liter, four-cylinder gasoline engine of 76 horsepower. With both the gas engine and electric motor, the Prius has a combined horsepower of 110. The gasoline engine is linked to the drive wheels and a generator directly via a unique transmission and, whenever it's running, it can also drive a generator that helps keep the battery charged. The generator supplies electrical power to the electric motor or charges the battery, as needed.
Most of the time when the Prius comes to a stop, the gasoline engine is shut down. This means no unnecessary idling or wasted fuel while stuck in traffic or at stop signs. When accelerating from rest at a normal pace, and up to mid-range speeds, the Prius is powered by the electric motor, which is fed by the battery. As the battery charge is depleted, the gasoline engine responds by powering the electric generator, which recharges the battery. Once up to speed and driving under normal conditions, the engine runs wîth its power split: part of this power goes to the generator, which in turn supplies the electric motor, and part drives the wheels. The distribution of these two power streams from the engine is continuously controlled to maintain the most efficient equilibrium. If the need arises for sudden acceleration, such as a highway passing maneuver or a quicker start from rest, both the gasoline engine and the electric motor drive the wheels.
During braking and other types of deceleration, kinetic energy normally lost is converted into electrical energy, which is then stored in the battery. The state of charge of the battery is constantly monitored, and whenever needed the generator is powered by the gasoline engine to provide the necessary charge.
The result is a vehicle powered by a gasoline engine, in that it's the engine that drives the wheels or drives the generator that supplies (either directly or through the battery) the electric motor. But the engine is only as big as it needs to be. It isn't even running all the time, and if sudden acceleration is called for, both the gasoline engine and electric motor share the load. The engine in hybrid vehicles like the Prius run exclusively on gasoline, while the electrical portion of the power system never needs to be plugged in for a charge. There's no cord and no waiting. You can fill up at any normal gas station anywhere.
The Camry Hybrid system differs slightly from Prius. Camry Hybrid's Hybrid Synergy Drive produces a combined 187 horsepower.
The first part of Hybrid Synergy Drive for Camry consists of a 147-hp, 2.4-liter four-cylinder Atkinson-cycle engine coupled to an electronically controlled planetary-gear continuously-variable transmission.
(posted on conceptcarz.com)
The second part combines a small, high-torque 40-hp electric motor, an ultra-small inverter wîth a specially designed compact battery, and a transaxle to seamlessly combine power from the electric motor and gasoline engine.
Because there are situations in which the gas engine in a Toyota hybrid completely shuts down, air conditioning and power §teering systems are driven electrically. In addition, an 'ECO' button helps limit energy consumption by the climate control system and under certain conditions can help improve fuel economy.
Highlander Hybrid – A More Powerful Hybrid Synergy Drive
The Highlander Hybrid is powered by Toyota's Hybrid Synergy Drive powertrain specifically developed to meet the load-carrying requirements and performance expectations of mid-size sport-utility vehicle (SÚV) buyers. Its all-new high-speed electric motor operates at twice the speed and delivers more than twice the power as the motor used in the Prius, producing 167 horsepower alone. The gas and electric motors combined produce 270 peak horsepower. The Highlander Hybrid has a standard towing capacity of 3,500 pounds.
There are three motor-generators employed in the 4WD-i Highlander Hybrid. Internally referred to as MG1, MG2 and MGR for the rear electric motor in the 4WD-i, each has a specific function and each does double duty as both drive motor and generator (although MG1 is a starter and provides no motive force). The engine-driven generator (MG1) can charge the battery pack, which powers other electric motors as needed, while the front electric-driver motor (MG2) and rear electric motor (MGR) can charge the battery pack through regenerative braking.
Power from the gas engine and MG2 is distributed to the drive wheels via a planetary gear-type continuously variable transmission, which eliminates specific gear ratios. Two planetary gear units are used in the system. The Power-Split unit divides the engine's drive force two ways: one to drive the wheels and the other to drive MG1 so it may function as a generator. The Motor Speed Reduction unit reduces the speed of MG2 and increases its drive torque, significantly boosting acceleration performance.
In addition to its motor-generator duties, the crucial MG1 adds two functions: one as a starter motor for the gas engine; and two, by regulating the amount of electrical power it generates (which varies its RPM), MG1 controls the output speed of the transaxle through the planetary gear set—without clutches or viscous couplings.
This is one of the key elements of the hybrid powertrain and the reason why Highlander Hybrid eliminates the 'shift shock' that can typically be felt as even the most refined modern automatic transmissions change gears.
The innovative electric 4WD-i system employs a separate 50-kW electric motor (MGR) at the rear that provides up to 96 lb.-ft. of additional drive torque as required. The system electronically varies front and rear torque distribution depending on driving conditions.
The Toyota hybrid technology also allows extended electric-mode operation during low speed or stop-and-go driving conditions. The permanent-magnet front electric drive motor (MG2) produces peak torque from zero-to-1,500 RPM, giving the Highlander Hybrid powerful and instantaneous response that will be especially felt and appreciated in low- and mid-speed performance and in merging and passing maneuvers.
Hybrid Synergy Drive Benefits
The real benefits, to both the owner and driver of Toyota's hybrid vehicles, are the utility and numbers. The Prius is roomy enough inside to meet the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) midsize category, while the Highlander Hybrid provides the versatility of a mid-size SÚV. The Prius accelerates from 0 to 60 mph in about 10 seconds, roughly equal to a four-cylinder gasoline-engine Toyota Camry. Highlander Hybrid 4WD models have an acceleration time of 7.3 seconds for 0 to 60 mph. Prius has a combined EPA mileage estimate of 46 mpg, giving it the best EPA rating of any vehicle sold in America today. Highlander Hybrid's combined city/highway estimated EPA fuel efficiency rating of 26 mpg is more than double that of most V8 powered SÚVs. Camry Hybrid's EPA-estimated ratings are 33 mpg city/34 mpg highway.
Both the Prius and Highlander Hybrid have been certified as SÚLEV, or Super Últra Low Emission Vehicle and the 2008 Camry Hybrid is certified as an Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emissions Vehicle (AT-PZEV). A decade ago, these combinations were unimaginable
Source - Toyota
Toyota Camry Remains America's Best-Selling Passenger Car
Toyota introduced an all-new, sixth-generation Camry for 2007, and this model has retained its position of best-selling car in America. Camry is available in four-cylinder and V6 models, and as the Camry Hybrid equipped wîth Toyota's industry-leading Hybrid Synergy Drive.
The Camry stands out in a competitive §egmènt wîth its distinctive, athletic exterior design. It is built on a 109.3 in. wheelbase to provide outstanding interior room: 101.4 cubic feet of passenger space, including 38.3 inches of rear legroom. Changes for 2008 include new darker wood trim in the XLE grade. Classic Silver Metallic was added to the array of exterior colors, while Titanium Metallic was discontinued.
The Camry puts a sharpened focus on driving dynamics, especially in the sporty SE grade. The standard Camry powertrain is a smooth, 158-horsepower 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine. The 268-horsepower 3.5-liter V6 available for other Camry models provides outstanding performance wîth admirable fuel efficiency. The Camry Hybrid combines a four-cylinder gasoline engine wîth an electric drive motor and sets a new standard for the performance/fuel efficiency balance in a mid-size sedan. (concept carz)
Integral to Camry's value is its fuel efficiency, wîth EPA-estimated 33 mpg city/34 mpg highway ratings for the Camry Hybrid. Four-cylinder manual and automatic Camry models have city/highway fuel economy ratings of 21/31 mpg, and V6 Camry models have 19/28 mpg EPA estimated ratings.
Comprehensive Safety
The Camry's body structure is designed to absorb collision-impact forces and help minimize impact deformation to the passenger cabin. High-strength steel is used for B-pillar and rocker panel reinforcements to help manage overall body deformation in the event of a side collision. Inside the cabin, even the seat frames are designed to help absorb side collision loads.
Dual-stage advanced SRS airbags, seat-mounted side airbags, side curtain airbags and a driver's knee airbag are standard on all Camry models. The front seats use Toyota's Whiplash Injury Lessening (WIL) seat design.
All 2008 Camry models come equipped wîth a standard anti-lock brake system (ABS), Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD) and Brake Assist. The Brake Assist feature is designed to determine if the driver is attempting emergency braking. If the driver has not stepped firmly enough on the brake pedal to engage the anti-lock brake system (ABS), Brake Assist supplements the applied braking power until the driver releases pedal pressure.
Available as an option, Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) wîth traction control regulates engine output and brake application on individual wheels to help control loss of traction in turns. Camry Hybrid is equipped wîth the Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) system that helps control vehicle traction and stability through throttle control, brake application on individual wheels, and even minor §teering correction if circumstances require.
Smooth Ride, Responsive Handling
The 2008 Camry offers responsive handling while providing the smooth, quiet ride that has helped make this model so popular. Four-wheel independent suspension is via MacPherson struts in front and a dual-link strut rear suspension system. Camry, LE, XLE and Hybrid models ride on standard 16-inch wheels of either steel (Camry and LE) or aluminum (XLE and Hybrid), wîth the sporty SE model getting aluminum six-spoke, 17-inch wheels as standard. All Camry models are equipped wîth four-wheel disc brakes.
Toyota designed the Camry SE model to appeal to driving enthusiasts (or turn any sedan driver into a driving enthusiast). Chassis modifications beyond other Camry grades include springs, shock absorbers and bushings wîth firmer, sportier values than those used in other grades. Únderbody stabilizing braces and a V-shaped brace between the trunk and cabin help to increase torsional rigidity in the SE model.
Tuning the SE chassis went together wîth optimizing underbody aerodynamics. Making the underbody as flat as possible helps to smooth and speed the airflow under the car, and engineers also specially tuned the balance between front and rear downforce.
The Camry SE gets a distinctive look wîth a standard full body kit that positions the car 0.4-inches (10 mm) lower than other Camry grades, plus 17-inch aluminum wheels, a distinct black, honeycomb-style grille and smoked tint halogen headlamps. Inside, the Camry SE is distinguished by a unique sport-trimmed interior in dark charcoal or Ash gray wîth a leather-wrapped, three-spoke §teering wheel and blue-colored optitron gauges. Posted on conceptcarz.com
Smooth Four-Cylinder or Powerful V6
The Camry's standard 2.4-liter engine develops 158 SAE horsepower at 6,000 rpm and 161 lb.-ft. peak torque at 4,000 rpm and can be mated to a five-speed manual transmission or an electronically controlled five-speed automatic. (The PZEV-certified version offers 155 hp and 158 lb.-ft.) The DOHC 3.5L V6 available in the LE, SE and XLE grades delivers a substantial performance boost wîth 268 SAE horsepower at 6,200 rpm and 248 lb.-ft. peak torque at 4,700 rpm. The chain-driven camshafts employ Dual Variable Valve Timing wîth intelligence (Dual VVT-i) for optimal performance and efficiency at all engine speeds.
The V6 Camry models come equipped exclusively wîth a six-speed automatic transmission that offers a sequential mode for manual shifting when desired. Intelligent control adapts shifting strategy in response to driver input, wîth very fast kick-down response in particular.
Camry Hybrid
The Camry Hybrid provides excellent value and fuel economy. Its Hybrid Synergy Drive produces a combined 187 horsepower, and this system varies power between gas engine and electric motor, or combines both, as needed.
The first part of Hybrid Synergy Drive consists of a 147-hp, 2.4-liter four-cylinder Atkinson-cycle engine coupled to an electronically controlled planetary-gear continuously-variable transmission.
(posted on conceptcarz.com)
The second part combines a small, high-torque 40-hp electric motor, an ultra-small inverter wîth a specially designed compact battery, and a transaxle to seamlessly combine power from the electric motor and gasoline engine.
Because there are situations in which the gas engine in a Toyota hybrid completely shuts down, air conditioning and power §teering systems are driven electrically. In addition, an 'ECO' button limits energy consumption by the climate control system and under certain conditions can help improve fuel economy.
Special attention paid to vehicle underbody aerodynamics, including the use of wheel spats and underbelly pans, helps yield a coefficient of drag (Cd) of just 0.27, which can benefit fuel economy. The 2008 Camry Hybrid is certified as an Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emissions Vehicle (AT-PZEV), just one of a handful of cars that meets this strict standard. It produces over 70 percent less smog-forming emissions than the average new car.
Innovative Comfort Touches
The Camry's roomy interior shows the attention to detail that has helped this model set such high standards for sedan comfort. Controls on the two-level dash and console are easy to see and use. Large instrument panel gauges are easy to see at a glance, and the odometer and trip meters are illuminated at all times to improve visibility. The audio/climate control panel features easy-to-use switches that are illuminated for easier use at night. A standard multi-information display provides the outside temperature, estimated range, average speed, average fuel consumption and a trip odometer.
With the 60/40 fold-down rear seats, Camry offers 15 cubic feet of luggage space (14.5 cu. ft. wîth the reclining rear seat in XLE or fixed rear seat in SE, and 10.6 cu. ft. in the Camry Hybrid). The trunk is equipped wîth a grocery hook, a utility box and a luggage net (on XLE) for added convenience.
The four-cylinder XLE model is exclusively equipped wîth special seat fabric designed to be gentle on the skin. The fabric is treated by the Fraichir™ process, in which it is coated wîth a naturally occurring component called Sericin that has been extracted from silkworm cocoons and refined. This substance contains a natural moisturizing component. The V6 Camry XLE is equipped wîth standard leather-trimmed seats.
A dual-zone automatic climate-control system that is standard on the Camry XLE and Hybrid models uses Plasmacluster™ ionizer technology to help reduce airborne mold spores, microbes, fungi, odors, germs and bacteria inside the passenger cabin.
In the XLE grade, the rear seatbacks can recline eight degrees from their standard position to enhance passenger comfort. Rear-seat passengers also get dedicated personal reading lamps on moonroof-equipped Camry models.
Camry offers many storage spaces around the front-passenger area, including console side-pockets. Storage options also include a large front console box equipped wîth an accessory power socket and an auxiliary audio jack; this box is big enough to store nine CD jewel cases. Other storage areas include an accessory box behind the shift lever containing another accessory power socket, a 354 cubic inch rear-console box wîth a card holder and a movable tray, and, adjacent to the shift lever, two large cupholders.
Camry Available in Four Grades
The Camry comes equipped as standard wîth air conditioning wîth micro dust and pollen filter; power windows and door locks; color-keyed power side mirrors; cruise control; halogen headlamps wîth automatic on/off feature; tilt and telescopic §teering wheel; vehicle immobilizer, and a six speaker 160-watt digital AM/FM/CD audio system wîth auxiliary audio jack. All Camry audio systems can play CDs wîth MP3 files. The Camry LE adds an in-key remote keyless entry and eight-way-adjustable power driver's seat.
The XLE's list of standard features includes an upgraded dual-zone automatic climate control system wîth §teering-wheel controls, Plasmacluster™ ionizer and rear vents; a premium 440-watt JBL audio system wîth Bluetooth® technology for hands-free calling wîth compatible phones; wood-style trim; power glass moonroof; reclining rear seats; fog lamps, and aluminum wheels.
The Camry Hybrid offers a standard equipment level similar to the XLE grade and adds a standard Smart Entry and Smart Start system. Push-button start allows drivers to lock, unlock, or start the car just by carrying the Smart Key.
The premium JBL system, standard in the Camry XLE and Hybrid, includes an AM/FM/six-disc in-dash CD changer wîth eight speakers and an eight-channel, 440-watt digital amplifier for low distortion and faithful reproduction of a wide range of musical types.
Options available on select Camry grades include a power tilt/slide moonroof; heated front seats; voice-command DVD navigation system; leather-trimmed seating; rear spoiler, and the Smart Entry and Smart Start system.
When the available voice-activated DVD navigation system is added to the Camry (SE, XLE, Hybrid), the premium JBL audio system integrates that system and comes wîth a four-disc in-dash CD changer.
The 2008 Camry and Camry Hybrid are covered by Toyota's 36-month/36,000-mile basic new-vehicle warranty that applies to all components other than normal wear and maintenance items. Additional 60-month warranties cover the powertrain for 60,000 miles and corrosion perforation wîth no mileage limitation.
The Camry Hybrid also has an eight-year/100,000 mile warranty that covers the hybrid–related components, including the HV battery, battery control module, hybrid control module, and inverter wîth converter.
Source - Toyota
A mid-size vehicle, the Toyota Camry was formerly a compact car that was manufactured by Toyota since 1980. The Toyota Camry was released with a wheelbase of 102.4 inches, a whole six inches longer than the Accord. The Camry featured much more legroom for backseat passengers. The Camry came with Camry's 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine at 92 horsepower. Available transmissions were a five-speed manual or a four-speed automatic.
In January of 1980, Toyota originally launched the Toyota Celica Camry for the Japanese home market. Basically a second-generation Toyota Carina, this new Celica Camry featured updated body styling and a front end that was very similar to a 1978 Toyota Celica XX; known as the Celica Supra in export markets. Based on the rear-wheel drive Celica, this new model was powered by either a 1.6 liter 12T-U engine that produced 88 hp and 94 lb-ft of torque, or a 1.8 liter 13T-U engine that produced 94 hp and 108 lb-ft of torque. Near the end of its model life cycle, Toyota debuted a sports version of the Celica Camry that was equipped with the 16-valve double overhead camshaft 2.0 liter engine from the Celica that produced 96 hp. Today, this is the most enviable and sought after versions of the Celica Camry.
The Celica Camry shared the 98.4 wheelbase of the Celica, Corona and the Carina, but it was longer than the Carina, and shorter than both the Corona and the Celica. Over 100,000 models were constructed during it model cycle and sold in Japan. This model was also exported to a huge number of markets under the Carina's name and also replaced the second-generation Carina in those markets.
The Toyota Camry has been the best-selling vehicle for nine of the last ten years, beginning in 1997, and the only exception being 2001. The Toyota Camry sells particularly well in Cambodia, where a huge majority of cars sold are Camry's. The Camry also sells very well in Canada, Australia and a variety of Asian markets. Unfortunately, the Toyota Camry has not sold well in Europe, or its home market Japan.
The Camry became an independent model line in 1982 and was sold as a compact four-door sedan and the five-door hatchback. At this time, the Camry was positioned above the Carina and Corona, and there were limited exports, predominantly to right-hand-drive markets. In the early 1980's the trend was leaning towards the box-shaped vehicle, and in this aspect, the first generation Camry fit in quite well. The vehicle size and available options were characteristic of Japanese-designed vehicles of the time.
The Camry was the most attractive of the offered vehicles, but it was considered to very functional and came with a lot of outward visibility with its slim roof pillars and lots of glass area. Much like the Accord, the Camry was available in a few trim levels, the base model DX and the more luxurious LE model. The Camry was not offered in two-door form, unlike the Accord, though the four-door Camry could be purchased in either hatchback or sedan body styles.
The Camry was rated with strong attributes by the loving public, with fine build quality, comfortable and solid reliability and with a very 'peppy performance'. For the first full year of production, the Toyota Camry was Toyota's new midsize family car. The following year the only changes for the lineup were a slight variety in colors, along with addition of flush-mounted headlights and an increase in the engine's output up to 95 horsepower.
The Toyota Camry was available in North America with a 92 hp 2.0 liter engine, or a 74 hp 2.0 liter 2C-TLC turbo-diesel engine. The Toyota Camry was a front-wheel drive vehicle that was built on an all-new platform, whereas the Celica Camry was rear-wheel drive. Only a gas-fueled hatchback model was sold in Australia, while the U.K. and most of Continental Europe received the sedan and hatchback versions.
A brand new and improved Accord was introduced in 1986, and though unfortunately the Camry couldn't compete, but the following year it would be back on strong with a whole new redesign. Dropping the hatchback body style, the second generation Toyota Camry lineup now included a station wagon. A all-new all-wheel drive system that was dubbed All-Trac was introduced in 1988 and featured a 2.5 liter, 160 hp V6 engine that were added as options for the first time. A GT model that used the older 3S-GE engine found on the Celica was debuted in Japan. This model had a factory strut brace that was similar to an AE92 Corolla and also ran on the V6 model's 15 inch alloy wheels. The GT model also featured an electronic instrument cluster.
The second generation of the Toyota Camry was unveiled in 1987 with a bang! Intent on beating the Honda Accord, the Toyota Camry was introduced with numerous improvements. A much more modern, 16-valve, twin-cam engine design was introduced that resulted in an additional 20 more horsepower, though the four-cylinder engine's displacement remained at 2.0 liters. This was 17 more horsepower than the Honda Accord.
In Altona, Victoria, Australia, Toyota Australia began producing second generation Camry's; this was in fact the first Camry ever made outside of Japan. The base model featured a 1.8 liter four-cylinder engine that was rated at 86 hp. Meanwhile a 2.0 liter four-cylinder was available on all other models and was rated at 116 hp. A 2.5 liter V6 engine was introduced in 1988. This V6 sat at the top of the lineup and ended up being the only model imported from Japan. This version was very expensive and was sold in only small numbers. The 1.8 liter engine was deleted in 1989 and was replaced with a carbureted 2.0 liter engine that was capable of producing 110 hp.
The second generation Camry was now much quieter and had a significant decrease in vibration. The optional transmission now featured imperceptible gear changes. The Camry was customized for customers that wanted a smooth and quiet vehicle, while the Accord was aimed more at drivers who wanted interaction and feedback from their vehicle.
A sleeker new body was introduced for this generation, though it was still conservative, the Camry was much more upscale than the previous generation. For this year a wagon was introduced, while the five-door hatchback was dropped as American's preferred the four door model. Slim roof pillars were also once again introduced to minimize blind spots. For the 1987 model year, three trim levels were made available, base, 'value-equipped' DX, and the luxurious and well appointed luxurious LE.
For 1998 the Camry was introduced with a V6 option and the option of all-wheel drive. Producing 153 horsepower, the 2.5-liter V6 showcased double-overhead cams with four valves per cylinder. Stronger acceleration along with a smooth and quiet operation were the benefits from this refined powerplant. 'All-Trac'; the AWD system was available, but only with manual transmission and provided additional grip for those who drove in a slippery zone area, such as the Northeast and the Midwest.
The Camry was very well received in the U.S. and the decision was made by Toyota to begin production of the vehicle in the states. The first American-made Camry was chosen to be produced in Georgetown, Kentucky, and the model began rolling off the line in 1998. Consumers could now purchase a Japanese vehicle without feeling the guilt of taking away work from the Americans. The Toyota Manufacturing plant in Kentucky was the first wholly-owned U.S. Toyota plant. At this time, three trim levels of the second generation of Camry's were produced, the base model, the DX, and the LE.
The upscale Lexus ES 250 was repackaged with the 2.5 liter engine and Camry chassis. Basically, the Lexus ES 250 was the Japanese-market Camry hardtop. Anti-lock brakes became optional on the V6, LE, and station wagon models in 1991. In the U.S. these new second generation models were very popular.
Remaining basically unchanged for the next two years, in 1989 the Camry All-Trac could be purchased with the automatic gearbox. The Camry won great acclaim for generating high levels of reliability and build quality, and sales continued to climb higher.
The Toyota Camry became the Toyota's 'jewel of a family car' and became the fifth best-selling vehicle in America as production was increased at the Kentucky plant. In 1991 antilock brakes became an optional feature on just a few of the Camry models. In this same year a knock sensor on the V6 was also added to ensure smoother operation.
In 1992 the Toyota Camry was introduced larger in every dimension. Nearly 6 inches longer in length, the Camry was also now 2 inches wider and both the height and wheelbase were an entire inch larger than before. Much more aesthetic to the eye, the all-new Camry featured much more room for passengers. The 1992 Camry featured a much smoother engine, more sound insulation and car that featured much less noise than vehicles that cost much more than the Toyota Camry. The 1992 Camry was also the model for the 1992 Lexus ES 300.
The all-new larger Camry now featured a much larger engine and the four-cylinder engine now displaced 2.2 liters and now displaced 130 horsepower. Now reaching 185 horsepower, the V6 jumped up to 3.0 liters which launched the Camry from 0-60mph in barely under 8 seconds.
In this same year the DX, LE, XLE and SE joined the Toyota Camry's lineup. The SE featured sport seats, a rear spoiler, door handle, mirror trim and a blacked-out window. This same model also featured performance suspension, a faster steering ratio, larger tires on special alloy wheels and a numerically higher final drive ratio.
Later on during the 1992 model year, a wagon rejoined the Camry lineup, and was roomy enough to allow for a third-seat option. The station was also offered in LE and DX trim levels.
In July of 1990, the third-generation SV30 Camry debuted exclusively to the Japanese market. In Japan, the Toyota Scepter was a widened version of this same model, and featured a very unique front and rear-end styling, with the side doors and other various sheet metal and mechanical components that were interchangeable between the two cars. The Scepter was known as the Camry SXV10 in other markets outside of Japan.
In July of 1992, an updated model was introduced. This new model featured a larger grille and an updated AC unit. The GT package was replaced with the ZX touring package.
For 1993 the Camry was refined slightly, and now featured improved gear shifting quality of manual transmission/four cylinder vehicles. For this same year, a new variety of colors were also introduced along with DX model that featured color-keyed body-side moldings. By 1993 the Kentucky plant now produced 75% of all Camry sedans sold in the U.S. and 100% of all Camry wagons, sold worldwide.
The '94 Camry received a few major innovations as it entered into its third year of its third-generation of design. The Camry was introduced in a popular two-door version to combat Honda's Accord Coupe for this year. The Camry also featured a passenger airbag to encourage additional safety. Now featuring 188 horsepower, the 1994 V6 was completely redesigned and showcased more power and a much smoother operation.
The SV40 Camry was introduced in July of 1994 and was exclusive for the Japanese market. The SV40 used a 1.8 liter, a 2.0 liter, and a 2.2 liter turbodiesel. The 2.0 liter model was only version first available in all-wheel drive, though later the 2.2 liter turbo-diesel was made available for this system.
The following year the SV40 was updated with anti-lock brakes and dual air bags that were now standard equipment.
For the following year, the Camry received a slight update that included a new grille, taillight and headlights that made the model seem much more upscale. The LE trim was now the only choice for the Camry wagon as the DX wagon was dropped. ABS was offered as a standard option on the XLE, and was optional on other trim levels. The 1995 Camry met the 1997 Government side-impact crash standards.
The 1996 Camry was unveiled for its Fifth, and final year of the generation, with only slight updates from the year before. Leather seats became optional on the LE, and a new seat fabric was introduced on the interior of the DX while the LE Wagon now introduced a power seat option. The fifth generation continued as a sedan and station wagon; which was called the Camry Gracia in Japan and wasn't sold in the U.S.
For the following year the Toyota Camry was completely redesigned with a new body style that replaced the curves of the generation before for sharp angles on a wedge-like profile. Both the station wagon and the two-door version were deleted. The width of the '97 Camry was also increased slightly and a 2-inch stretch was added in wheelbase which now provided legroom for back-seat passengers. The sporty SE was deleted from the lineup, while 3 lineups were now introduced, the base CE, the LE, and the very loaded XLE.
Producing 133 horsepower, the 2.2-linter inline four was a much more powerful engine while the V6 now featured 194 horsepower. LE and XLE Camry models had automatic transmission as standard and the four-cylinder CE came with a choice of automatic or five-speed manual. The only Camry equipped with a manual gearbox, the CE V6 was able to reach 0-60mph in less than 8 seconds. For this year not much changed with the suspension except for a slight improvement in handling and ride.
In this same year, ABS became standard on all Camry's except for the four-cylinder CE model. Antilock brakes were now more readily available, and the new bumpers could now withstand a 5-mph impact along with the option of traction control for V6 LE and XLE models. For this year, the Camry was the best-selling car in the U.S. The Japanese Scepter was deleted while the Japanese Camry models adopted the 1795 mm wide platform.
For the 1998 model year, side-impact airbags were offered as an option for all models. The V6 already featured the inline four, and for this year earned LEV name. An engine immobilizer was also added and was now improved and featured with a new anti-theft system. Once again, the Toyota Camry became the most popular vehicle in America.
For the following year, the Camry Solara coupe was introduced into the lineup. The Solara featured a very attractive swoopy roofline, a unique nose and tail and heavily creased sides. The Solara was built on the same platform as the sedan, but delivered a sportier feel due to a tightened suspension along with recalibrated, firmer steering. V6 models now also offered a optional Sport package that featured 16-inch alloy wheels, a rear spoiler and a stiffer suspension. By 2000 a Solara convertible form was introduced.
The Camry SE was dropped in the U.S. while the base model Solara was renamed the CE for the 1997 model year. Carryovers from the previous generation, the LE and the XLE were available with either the 2.2 L I4 or the 3.0 L V6 engine except for the Solara SLE, which was only available with the V6. The 2001 model year ushered in the LE-based Collector Edition.
For the Camry, power was pumped p to 133 hp SAE for the 5S-FE 2.2 L I4 and 194 hp SEA for the 1MZ-FE V6. CE trim level, LE V6 and any Solara models were the only ones to feature manual transmissions.
Identical to the export version of the Toyota Camry, the Daihatsu Altis was the first Camry to be sold for the General Export market, and was offered as 2.2 GLX and 3.0 V6 Grande. In 1997 a more upscale version of the Camry Gracia wagon was marketed in Japan as the Mark II Qualis. This model was available in 3.0G version with 1MZ-FE V6 engine, though it was not available in JDM Camry's.
This newest coupe was offered in SE trim with the option of either the four-cylinder or V6, while the SLE, which was encased in leather, came with either engine along with the option of other manual or automatic transmission. The SLE was pimped out much like an XLE sedan, while the SE featured a level of equipment much like an LE sedan.
LE and XLE Camry's received daytime running lights as a standard feature in 1999, while the CE also received it if it came with optional antilock brakes. Other updates included upgraded sound systems with both CD and cassette players, along with a new variety of color options.
For 2000, Toyota chose to spice p the four-year-old Camry sedan body style with fresh front and rear ends. New enlarged taillights were featured on the tail, while a chrome outline for the grille added flair to the nose. The exterior was also even more enhanced with revised side moldings along with new wheel cover and wheel designs. On the inside of the Toyota Camry, a newly standard stereo with cassette and CD players for all models was the biggest update. Faux wood trim also became standard on the XLE.
In 2001 the fourth-generation Camry was debuted and showcased a unique 'Gallery Series' edition. This edition featured two-tone treatments for the paint and interior along with chrome accents on the wheel covers, the exhaust tip and vent surrounds. This LE series also featured a leather-wrapped steering wheel and gearshift.
Introduced without the station wagon for the first time, the Toyota Camry was released in September 2001 and as a larger sedan. The Camry wagon was replaced by the Toyota Sienna mini-van and the Highlander SUV, both vehicles that utilized the Camry's platform. A technique that had been adopted by compact vehicles, the front end of the car was short, which left a great deal of length to the cabin. An extremely tall vehicle, this sixth generation of the Toyota Camry was 2.5 inches taller and had a 2 inch longer wheelbase than the previous model.
For the 2002 model year, Toyota introduced an all-new Camry that featured an even more substantial and more aerodynamic than earlier models. This newest generation was considered to be even more upscale and elegant that its forbearers. The boot was also increased by 2.6 cubic feet which featured an end result of 16.7 cubic feet. The base CE model was dropped, while the SE sport model was reintroduced to the lineup.
Rather than complicate the design procedure with added trim levels to jazz up buyer interest, Toyota kept it simple by offering only a few versions to suit buyers' needs. The base CE was dropped as Toyota felt the lack of interest from consumers in a vehicle that featured manual windows and no air conditioning. Now there were only three Camry models to pick from, the LE, the sporty SE and the XLE.
For 2002 the option level lay once again in either four or six-cylinder engine power. The V6 lost some horsepower to qualify for ULEV status and to lower emissions, but it was still stellar. The new inline four engine featured 157 horsepower and at 2.4 liters; 162 lb-ft of torque.
The Solara stayed on the sixth generation chassis though it only received minor styling updates to the front and rear ends. The Solara did receive the same 2.4L 2AZ-FE VVT-I I4 engine that was available on the Camry.
The 2002 to 2006 Camry was available in five different trims in Australia and New Zealand; the Altise, Ateva, Sportivo, Grande and Azura. These models were significantly different from other Camry models worldwide, and featured around 77% locally developed components that would sit both Australian and New Zealand roads and driving conditions.
For 2003 the Toyota Camry remained virtually unchanged except for the addition of newly available power-adjustable pedals. The all new 2004 Camry SE featured a 3.3-liter V6 that boosted hp up to 225 and torque to 220 lb-ft. The LE and XLE trim's 3.0-liter V6 output was also upgraded to 210 hp and 220 lb-ft of torque. A new Limited Edition trim was sold this model year and featured an exclusive Crystal White color, a very unique grille design and foglights that were standard.
For 2005 a new entry-level standard model was added to the lineup. All Camry models received updated styling, new standard anti-lock brakes, steering wheel audio controls, Optitron gauges and upgraded seat fabrics. New standard leather upholstery was also added to the XLE V6. Also added to the 2005 model was a rear center head restraint, a storage bin in the door, standard leather seating on V6-powered XLE's and Optitron gauges. A new base trim level was also offered for 2005 and was also priced lower than the Camry LE. Both the V6 and I4 engines were now available on a 5-speed automatic transmission while the I4 engine received the new transmission for the '05 model year.
Introduced in 2003 as a 2004 model, the second generation Camry Solara featured all new unique styling in comparison from the Camry. The Solara now took its styling cues from the Lexus SC430. Though the 2.4 L VVT-i engine was still available, an all new 2.2 L VVT-i V6 was available. The same 5-speed automatic transmission was placed in the Solara that was in the sedan. A brand new SE Sport was now offered in addition to the SE and SLE trims. The SLE trim could now be had with the four-cylinder engine, unlike the first generation Solara. In the Japanese market, the Daihatsu continued with its twin Altis model.
The fifth generation Toyota Camry was introduced in the Philippines with 2.0 and 2.4 liter engines with four-speed automatics and no manual option. This was different from the U.S. version and featured a different front end design along with new inner taillight garnishes.
For the following year, not many changes were made except for the addition of a navigation system to the SE V6's options list. New standardized horsepower testing procedure lowered power ratings for this year, though actual output didn't change much.
In March of 2006, the seventh generation of the Camry went on sale. The Toyota Camry was completely redesigned with radically updated styling. The smooth body of the previous generation was replaced with a more angular and distinctive form. The interior of the Camry was also updated to feature a more eye-catching appearance with new teal lighting. Additional passenger space and new luxury-oriented features were also added to the '07 model.
This new generation now had a 56 mm longer wheelbase, though the overall length remained the same. This version was introduced at the 2006 North American International Auto show, right alongside the new hybrid version. This version was sold in some countries in Asia and the Middle East. In the U.S., the primary market for the Toyota Camry, the sales were significantly increased in the year following its release. The quarterly sales totally 46,630 units sold for the second quarter of the U.S. '07 model year for the Toyota Camry.
For 2007 the four trim levels of the Toyota Camry offered were the base CE, the LE, the sporty SE and the ultra-luxurious XLE. The 2.4-liter four-cylinder remained basically unchanged while producing 158 hp and 161 lb-ft of torque. The optional 3.5-liter V6 engine featured 28 mpg on the highway and produced an amazing 268 hp and 248 lb-ft of torque. Transmission choices for the four-cylinder offered a five-speed automatic or a five-speed manual for transmission choices, while the V6 engine featured its power with a six-speed automatic.
This was the first generation in which the Camry has been offered as a gasoline/electric hybrid. The Hybrid used Toyota's second generation Hybrid Synergy Drive and also contained a 4-cylinder engine in conjunction with a 40 HP electric motor. Originally built solely in Japan, Camry Hybrids were shifted to Toyota's Georgetown, Kentucky plant almost completed. This plant is estimated to produce nearly 45,000 units per year.
The 2007 Toyota Camry and the Camry Hybrid both received a five-star safety rating for frontal crashes for both driver and passenger by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. For rollovers, the Camry also received a four-star safety rating, though the Hybrid was not. The seventh generation Camry received a four-star safety rating due to Australasian New Car Assessment Program testing.
The base model deleted its CE designation for 2008, and no changes so far have been made for the 2009 model.
By Jessica Donaldson
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From the renown, Pennsylvania Robacher Estate, a husband and wife team who became the published, indisputable American experts in Pennsylvania Dutch decorative art and culture. Over their multiple decades of marriage, they collected an utterly massive number and wide variety of Pennsylvania Dutch artifacts before both passing away in the 1980's.
Colors are bright orangey-red, navy blue, royal blue, forest green, pink and standard green. Please note that all colors are quite striking and brilliant, and remain even in color and tone throughout. Any photos that appear to suggest to the contrary, are a result of lighting issues and do not in any way reflect condition.
This piece was never used and was purchased new in the 1970s by the Robachers, and placed in careful storage in a cedar-lined trunk. It has remained in storage in a cedar chest since its purchase from the Robacher Estate Auctions held in 1989 by Horst Auctioneers of Ephrata, PA.
Professionally matted and framed some many years back, this lovely piece of wall art measures 10.5 inches wide x 13.5 inches long and remains in excellent original condition! Any discoloration, facing of color or reflection seen in photos is related to the difficulty photographing an object under glass and is NOT an imperfection to the piece.
Beautiful "Copper Lustre" paint accents a central yellow band with copper colored, feather detailing. Interior rim is painted in a pink lustre band.
Condition is quite fine with no damage or repair. Some expected light wear from actual use to painted rim and base and a teeny firing imperfection on the handle that is not readily evident to the eye.
A darling piece to add to one's collection!
Embellished with beaded edges, a large, 5-petal flower, and a detailed leaf on a heavy cardboard-like material that is lined with a red polished cotton, the little purse closes via a hook and eye closure.
It is in overall fine condition with expected creasing as seen in photos, as well as some loose beadwork and a small amount of missing beadwork to the bottom center.
This type of display would have been placed on the counter next to the checkout register with the gum and candy to entice little girls and boys to purchase!
The display box cover features a city policeman demonstrating the authentic and powerful amplitude of the whistles. The cover has a perforated seam that was meant to be unfastened when the box was displayed open so that the policeman and city skyline stood tall above the whistles. The cover has yet to be displayed in this manner.
Marked ALL AMERICAN PLASTIC WHISTLES with no other maker's mark evident. Very Cool and Colorful Baby Boomer Collectible!
This exquisite sewing basket was made by Native Americans residing in Canada near the Maine border for the purpose of selling to the tourist trade--- the wealthy New Englanders who frequented the Maine Coastline towns during the summers!
The basket is truly in near perfect condition with two tiny breaks to the delicate splint --- hardly noticeable to the eye and certainly not affecting the structural integrity of the piece in any way. Lovely construction!
When the lid is removed and the interior of the basket and underside of the lid is visible, one sees that some of the splint was at one time dyed blue with vegetable dye. The exterior side of this once dyed splint, has long since returned to its natural color due to years of exposure to the light of day.
Vintage Native American baskets are becoming exceedingly scarce! An especially desirable example due to its fine construction and condition!
The double gutta-percha case measures 2.5 inches wide x 3 inches long x .75 inches deep when closed, and 5 inches wide when opened. The case appears to be in excellent condition!
The two cased tin types are each further framed within different press-molded, thin, ornate, brass frame and behind a little pane of glass. Each tin type is labeled with the name of the woman: the bonneted woman is Sarah Lavinia Piquet, and the long-haired woman is Maria Rogere.
Mid-19th century age is an approximation based on clothing style as well as decorative art in photo and style of double case.
Condition of tin types is excellent- **ANY white marks seen in photographs are caused by light reflection and are NOT damage.**
The third tin type is of an unnamed woman; it is quite tiny, measuring 6/8 of an inch wide x 1 inch long.
Marked "STERLING 9" on the back, this ring features a very delicately etched bunch of blue flowers. The ring is also initialed "W" by the artist on the lower front of the ivory in an exceedingly tiny letter!
A lovely estate piece!
The tubes bear the Stein's Trademark seal which is quite detailed and ornate and consists of a horseshoe labeled "Semper Fidelis" (Always Faithful), which encircles a stylized and entwined "M" and "S". Below the horseshoe is placed a Mortar and Pestle, all of which rests on a laurel wreath.
The tubes are labeled "Stein's Grease Paint" "Money Back for Unsatisfactory Purchases" "Manufactured By The M. Stein Cosmetic Company New York" "Made in U.S.A.". Each tube is labeled with the color code of the makeup - "No. 1 Pink", "No. 4 Medium Gray". The third tube's labeling is faded and difficult to read -"No.? ???Sallow Young Man???".
The grease paint makeup is contained in individual cardboard, push-up style tubes, they are all unused, and all three are 5 1/8" tall. Two of the tubes measure 1 1/8" in diameter and one, 5/8" in diameter.
The labeling on two of the tubes, while faded, is completely readable; one tube's labeling is rather faded and in some areas, completely unreadable.
The cardboard tubing of two of the makeup paints is, amazingly, completely intact; the No 1 Pink tube is also intact with the exception of the top cover which remains but is detached from the tube.
Interesting and early vintage finds for the theater enthusiast!
The pitcher sits on a footed base and has a generous, bulbous-shaped body. It has glaze crazing typical of an 85+ year old piece of pottery, superficial flakes as noted in photos, and two hairlines at the base (see photos) which likely were acquired through use over the years. The hairlines seem tight and do not appear to threaten the integrity of the piece. P> An outstanding piece of American Spongeware! Becoming much more difficult to find- particularly in this condition!
Please type the word "spongeware" into the Search box to find the other pieces of C1900-1920 Ohio Yellowware Spongeware currently being offered for sale. All pieces are prices separately.
Offered are two utterly fabulous, vintage, Victorian-era, brass-plated photo frames, each with original shelf stands on back.
De-accessioned from our personal stock as we sadly no longer have the place to display them-- and our Wedding photo was displayed in the larger frame--, the frames are in all-original condition, complete with original shelf stands attached on the rear side as well as original movable pins that secure the photos in the frames.
In the larger frame, the brass plating is in very fine condition with very minor, minuscule scratches and pitting commensurate with its 125+ years of age. Please note that in my effort to take crisp closeup shots, the silvering of the brass on the front of the frame in the larger photo appears to be quite pronounced, while in reality, it is quite subtle, and virtually un-noticable. Please see cover photo #1 for truest representation of overall appearance.
The larger frame comes complete with glass and measures 17" high x 13"; the inside measures are 9.5" x 7.5", readily accommodating an 8"x 10" photo with slight trimming. This larger size is actually quite uncommon compared to the many, many smaller-sized brass frames that were produced in the Victorian era. The larger frame is truly quite stunning and commanding.
The smaller frame has a similar amount of very teeny scratches and minor pitting, with more some wear to the brass plate where the color appears more coppery. Again, close-up photos make the wear appear much more prominent on the front than it actually is, so please view photo #1 for truest representation of coloring. This fame measures 12" x 9" and easily accommodates today's 4 x 6 photographs. This frame has not retained its glass, but just like the photo size, the frame will readily accept the glass from any modern, standard 4x6 frame.
The bowl sits on a 1/2" footed base and has a lovely turned edge rim. It has glaze crazing typical of an 85+ year old piece of pottery but no cracks, chips or hairlines. Remnants of gold gilt decoration along the rim still remain. Would be fabulous as receptacle for a very large plant or to hold a large water pitcher!
An outstanding piece of American Spongeware! Becoming much more difficult to find- particularly in this condition!
Please type the word "spongeware" into the Search box to find the other pieces of C1900-1920 Ohio Yellowware Spongeware currently being offered for sale. All pieces are prices separately.
Colorful detailing of cats on cardboard covered-bottom is marked "Made in Germany". Tin frame holds game with glass cover on one side and mirror on reverse side.
In excellent condition considering age. Glass cover is free of cracks. Game color is still bright. Original mirror has a few spots of silvering and light scratching but is free of cracks. Displays quite well!
Interestingly, whomever wrought this very detailed, family-history sampler omitted just one significant detail- the family surname!
On the left side of the sampler, the Scotch ethnicity is wrought along with the occupations of Parson and Doctor, with a 1725, antique salt box style home the domicile of the parson (?) wrought below the later 1940 domicile of the doctor (?) at New York City's Park Avenue address.
The right side of the family sampler depicts French origins with a 1777 mentor (teacher) and his red schoolhouse wrought below the 1861 farmer residing in the town of Morrisania (Morristown, NJ?).
The central aspect of the sampler depicts a number of images: a very stylish horse drawn carriage with driver and a sun umbrella--holding, female occupant, a well-landscaped, bright yellow homestead dated 1777, the ethnicity of "English" stitched out, and finally, a tall-spired village church with accompanying date of 1752.
The French Fleur de Lis is wrought into the sampler as well as the very ancient, stylized, so-called-today "swastika" cross, a symbol that can be traced back to ancient Byzantine times and which was frequently featured in early Native American culture as a symbol of abundance.
The sampler hem is completely hand-stitched. The sampler, itself, is in very fine condition retaining bright coloration and an absence of holes, tears or discoloration of any kind. Background color of the linen is an even, mellow, tannish-off-white.
A well-executed cross stitch sampler very much shrouded in mystery as to family origin!
The flag features 48 stars and is bordered with the stars and stripes as well as a Liberty Bell at each of the four corners.
The Flag is double-sided and looks fabulous when viewed from either side.
Would look just striking if matted and framed!
When pulled by its string, the toy rolls along on its metal and rubber wheels, causing the jockey to raise and lower himself off of the horse as the horse makes a coordinated "jumping" motion as his front legs raise up slightly.
The toy is labeled "Loros Bros Ltd London England" within a small triangle that is painted on one side of the metal supporting rim (see photos). The horse and rider are constructed of wood and are affixed to the metal frame. The toy measures 11 inches tall when the rider is standing straight up and is 10.5 inches long.
Condition is quite fine given the toy's 80+ years of age. There are scrapes and minor wear to the paint here and there, the horse's tail is missing, and 2 newer nails in the horse's hind legs were added as reinforcement at some point. The toy is structurally sound and works quite well! It is simply adorable and displays beautifully!!

subset: commoncrawl


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Adonal Foyle's has made big strides throughout his career in the NBA, pursuing education, community service, philanthropy, business and broadcasting. Browse this website to learn more about his passion, creativity and contribution to the world.
Navigate below to view his latest ventures or read his latest news posts.
Democracy Matters
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"First they came for the Communists And I did not speak out Because I was not a Communist Then they came for the Socialist And I did not speak out Because I... READ MORE
Adonal Foyle spoke at the Professional Association of Athletic Development Specialists (PAADS) Summit about the importance of Player Programs. This annual conference has attracted leaders in Athlete Development from major sports organizations... READ MORE


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All the kids loved the face painting and she did a great job! Thanks again :)
Jennifer is talented and fabulous! In short, easy and quick steps she showed me how to enhance my looks by using few products. Before having a makeup consultation with her, I used to hate applying makeup. I always had issues with the foundation, lipstick or choosing the right colors for my skin. Jennifer had the patience to listen to all my problems and suggested products that were best suited for my face and lifestyle. She showed me exactly how to use each product and made sure that I understood everything. During the consultation she gives the customer her full attention and makes you feel special. I would highly recommend her to anyone and everyone!
Natasha was a joy to work with from my trial to my wedding day! She was always on time and available to answer any questions that I had leading up to the day. The wedding party and my makeup was the "bomb". We got so many compliments throughout the night. She will give you what you want and ask for on your face. If you don't know and is a newbie to makeup like me, don't worry you're in good hands. She will take good care of you! Thanks so much Natasha for help make my special day amazing!❤
MasqueradeDesigns did an outstanding job for our grand opening event. She was on time and was able to please all of our guests who requested a face painting. Boys, girls even adults waited for their turn in line. Thank you for helping make the event successful
Kristin was amazing. All the kids enjoyed getting their faces painted. She had a line for three hours!!! Will use Kristin again for future events. Kristin arrived 30 minutes before the event and was set up to receive children as they entered the party. Her prices are very competitive and really worth every penny spent. She was very professional and her work is second to none. Look at the pictures below.
She was very professional, super friendly, the kids adored her, and she did an amazing job with the face painting! I would definitely recommend and book her again!! Excellent job Cindi
Eventfully Yours hosted my son's party and was absolutely amazing! Her face painting is so detailed and realistic and her balloon art is one of a kind! Not only was her work perfect, but her personality is outstanding! She is fun, silly and the kids loved her. The adults enjoyed her as well.
I have only used Face Art & More for my Face Painters, Balloon Artists, Air Brush Tattoo Artists.
I did my wedding and photo shooting makeup with Elena. I love her jobs, she knows how to make my face look great and that's why, me and my friends always asked her for makeup when needed. It's sad that she moved to Charlotte, she is a professional worh a lot of experience and i hope you'll love it! Thank you Elena. You're the best. Hi from Pensacola, Florida. Best regards, Jane S.
Experience was great! She showed up early, was super busy, did a fantastic job on face painting and balloons. Will highly recommend to everyone.
Painted the interior of the house. Paint crew did an excellent job, they were very professional. Came in, got the job done, cleaned up around the house each day. Jose was very easy to communicate with, stopped by the house multiple times during the project to make sure everything was to our satisfaction. Would use Andrade Painting Co. for future projects.
Danielle did face painting for kids at my sons first birthday and she was awesome! Even though I contacted her last minute about the job she was professional and a joy to work with. She was on time (I believe maybe even early), she had a great attitude and was ready paint whomever. She showed the kids picture examples to help them make a choice of what they wanted painted and the painting itself was great! The parents there enjoyed her work as well and were very pleased. She was also nice and friendly which I believe is important especially when working with kids. I will definitely hire her for future events and refer her. 2 thumbs up!!!!!
I like painting and I like to see the people happy when I show them the work I have done. It takes time, but it's worth it when it's done.
We are a Christian based group of entertainers specializing in balloon twisting, face painting, and just general clowning around. Royal Ruckus is a great addition to any party, church event, fund-raiser, school function, family gathering and more!
Color, light and energy flow through both my Soul Portraits and my face & body painting work. Always memorable i work in a style all my own. My portraits and illustrations are generally done on colored papers using high quality colored pencils accented with my signature "dots". My face and body paint is done in a unique tribal style informed by my study of African, East Indian, Native American and Caribbean ritual and celebration adornment.
We not only provide face painting and body art designs, we are prepared to totally entertain your guest. We can provide fluorescent/black light fun parties with glow face paints. We can also do limbo stick contest parties complete with all the fanfare. We create custom made piñatas, you add your favorite goodies..
I have been a clown for about over 18 years. I love working with children because I could not have any of my own. God made me a clown and gave me all His children, which I think is a pretty fair trade. I do face painting and balloon art, and I can give references if needed. Let me know if you are interested. I can guarantee a great party for your child.
Charlotte, NC
Charlotte, NC
Cornelius, NC


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Economics Reporter, Christian Science Monitor
Economics reporter for the Christian Science Monitor, covering topics from Wall Street to national economics
Economics Reporter, Christian Science Monitor
Economics reporter for the Christian Science Monitor, covering topics from Wall Street to national economics
The Growing Credit Crisis President Bush signed the " economic rescue " into law Friday but the stock markets are declining anyway in New York and around the world. Today, the Federal Reserve said it would buy up commercial paper to get lending started again. Will taxpayers be saddled with more debt? Meantime, state governments, normally safe investments in tough times, may not be able to borrow what they need for schools, police and local governments. California, the eighth largest economy in the world, may alone come up $7 billion short. Will states be going to Washington, too? We hear more about the credit squeeze from local and global perspectives.
Risk Assessment, Climate Change and Insurance Rates Last year, the global insurance industry saw revenues of more than $3 trillion--a third more than revenues from oil and gas, and it adds up to enormous economic and political clout. In the late 60's, insurers lost 1 to 2% of premiums to weather-related catastrophes. From 1984 to 2004, the average was 3.3%. Last year, it leaped to 14% because of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Hurricanes in the Gulf, forest fires in the West, and rising sea levels that could mean catastrophic losses are turning the insurance industry into believers in global warming. So it's looking not just at past weather patterns but at what might be next, and using its clout to support hybrid cars, "green" buildings and other strategies to reduce greenhouse emissions. Insurers could also have much to say about where Americans locate their homes and businesses. Are they also using climate change as a way to jack up their rates and dump their riskier customers?
Will the Senate write a healthcare bill in secret? While Democrats and Republicans argue White House relations with Russia, another question is being decided behind closed doors: who gets help buying health insurance and who doesn't? We hear how the pros and cons are being shrouded in secrecy.
How was the trip? President Trump's travels got less fun as he went from the Middle East to Europe.
President Trump: US to withdraw from the Paris Climate Accord Trump says he was elected to serve Pittsburgh, not Paris.
The longest US war: Will Trump send more troops to Afghanistan? The Trump White House is divided over the Pentagon's request for more troops in Afghanistan—where the US has been fighting for the past 16 years. Is there a formula -- either for "victory" or a political settlement? Is there an end in sight for America's longest war?


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Iron Cross HD Series Step Bars Part #716-9980 Customer Reviews
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unique and easy to install
Reviewed by Alan D (Chula Vista, CA) Reviewed for a 2014 Toyota Tacoma — Dec 16, 2015 11:09 AM
I really like my Iron Cross HD Steps. I wanted a different option instead of nerf bars to add to my '14 Tacoma that looked good and weren't the standard and these fit the bill. I easily installed the steps in less than an hour. Shipping was fast and come in perfect condition.
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elements of fiction writing conflict and suspenseDownload Book Elements Of Fiction Writing Conflict And Suspense in PDF format. You can Read Online Elements Of Fiction Writing Conflict And Suspense here in PDF, EPUB, Mobi or Docx formats.
Elements Of Fiction Writing Conflict Action SuspenseAuthor : William Noble
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What makes a book a page-turner? How do you grab your readers right from the start and hold them through the last sentence? How do you make your plot twist and turn and keep the action moving without losing continuity? You do it by generating drama and developing it using conflict, action and suspense. You make your reader burn to know what's going to happen next. You create tension...and build it...to the breaking point. William Noble shows you how to intensify that pressure throughout your story. You'll learn exactly what constitutes conflict, action and suspense, how they relate to other important ingredients in your story, and - perhaps most important - how to manipulate them. Through thorough, step-by-step instruction, you'll learn how to... set the stage with techniques and devices that enhance drama introduce suspense from the very beginning of your story build suspense through cliff-hangers, dialogue, mood, character development, point of view, subtlety and indirection, and time and place bring all that conflict, action and suspense to a gripping conclusion There are all sorts of ways to create tension in your prose - from using adjectives and nouns that drip with imagery to making quick scene cuts and transitions to accelerating the pace. Learn them here. Then use them, and your story will plunge your readers into a river of worry...and the current will carry them to The End.
Elements Of Fiction Writing Conflict And SuspenseAuthor : James Scott Bell
Genre : Reference
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Ramp up the tension and keep your readers hooked! Inside you'll find everything you need to know to spice up your story, move your plot forward, and keep your readers turning pages. Expert thriller author and writing instructor James Scott Bell shows you how to craft scenes, create characters, and develop storylines that harness conflict and suspense to carry your story from the first word to the last. Learn from examples of successful novels and movies as you transform your work from ho-hum to high-tension. Pack the beginning, middle, and end of your book with the right amount of conflict. Tap into the suspenseful power of each character's inner conflict. Build conflict into your story's point of view. Balance subplots, flashbacks, and backstory to keep your story moving forward. Maximize the tension in your characters' dialogue. Amp up the suspense when you revise. Conflict & Suspense offers proven techniques that help you craft fiction your readers won't be able to put down.
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Writing The MysteryAuthor : G. Miki Hayden
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"Mystery writer and teacher, G. Miki Hayden brings her experience and enthusiasm for the craft to this authoritative guide to creating a compelling and commercially viable mystery. Writing the Mystery begins with a thorough exploration of the genre and proceeds to take the reader step-by-step through the writing process." "Hayden then goes one step further and guides the reader through the post-writing process, explaining manuscript preparation, cover letters, acquiring an agent, and methods of successful promotion. Writing the Mystery concludes each section with in-depth exercises that put the lessons of the chapter into practice. Also included is a special collection of interviews, featuring mystery major leaguers who discuss the craft and offer their own valuable advice for the aspiring author and professionals switching to the mystery genre."--BOOK JACKET.
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Learn how to utilize dialogue to dramatize conflict, the most effective balance between dialogue and other story elements, and the difference between effective dialogue and real speech.
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Create Complex Characters How do you create a main character readers won't forget? How do you write a book in multiple-third-person point of view without confusing your readers (or yourself)? How do you plant essential information about a character's past into a story? Write Great Fiction: Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint by award-winning author Nancy Kress answers all of these questions and more! This accessible book is filled with interactive exercises and valuable advice that teaches you how to: Choose and execute the best point of view for your story Create three-dimensional and believable characters Develop your characters' emotions Create realistic love, fight, and death scenes Use frustration to motivate your characters and drive your story With dozens of excerpts from some of today's most popular writers, Write Great Fiction: Characters, Emotion & Viewpoint provides you with the techniques you need to create characters and stories sure to linger in the hearts and minds of agents, editors, and readers long after they've finished your book.
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Even if you have great characters, outstanding dialogue and a gripping plot, your story isn't complete without the appropriate setting. Setting is the unifying element in most fiction, working in concert with plot, characterization and point of view. Here you'll explore how to use setting as the basis for creating dramatic, engaging stories. Focusing on detail, language and observation, Jack Bickham's invaluable instruction will not only improve your ability to create a strong setting, but also enhance your writing skills as a whole. You'll learn:- the function of setting within the fiction writing process- how setting works with plot, characterization and point of view- the effect of setting on unity- ways to generate story ideas through setting- techniques for creating setting- how to use setting as a thematic device- methods for using setting to stimulate your reader's senses- how to incorporate factual information for texture and authenticity- exercises for improving your powers of observation- tips for recording ideas, events and descriptions using notebook entriesOver the course of his esteemed career, Jack Bickham published more than 80 novels and instructional books, including Writing Novels That Sell and the 38 Most Common Fiction Writing Mistakes (and How to Avoid Them). A former creative writing professor, he instructed thousands of writers through his classes, seminars and Writer's Digest magazine articles.
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Living Room. Wednesday , October 25th , 2017 - 21:35:11 PM
The living room is certainly the very first impression that any man will have of your home. Generally the living room or drawing room of a house is one where lots of individuals are likely to come in, outside of the family. Your bedroom is the only room that needs the most variation, so go at your own pace and try out various combinations until you find one which you love. A lot of people would rather get a new bedroom set every couple of years for $1000 and have the most recent trend in their home than to buy a good set for $8000 that has an identical appearance but will endure for many, many years. Although you would like it to seem beautiful, it's essential that the bedroom works on a practical level that makes it simple for you to use and revel in. The exact same thing can be said about these 2 bedrooms. Jordan's bedroom resembles the common 11 year-old boy's bedroom.
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"De griep"
Translation:The flu
19 Comments
I understand the word flu, (obviously) but in my section of America which has a large concentration of French ancestry, we often call a "fever" the "grip"... from the French "grippe"... We actually do use the word "grip" in English in this section of America. I have often heard family members say, "she's sick with the grip". I know it's not "standard English"... but just an FYI... there are English speakers in America who do use the word "grip" (Or "grippe") as you prefer.
Pardon my asking, but which section of America are you from? I have definitely seen that use in some nineteenth century writing.
I am from the very French regions of La Louisianne (Louisiana) and many French words are part of the standard English vocabulary in our area, such as: The grip, Lagniappe, Mardi Gras, we even use "beaucoup" quite frequently in an otherwise English context. We say "going to make groceries" from the French "faire marchet" in speaking of going to a grocery store, and refer to our sidewalks as the "banquette" and love our "Cafe-au-lait"... I could go on but I'm sure you get the picture! :)
Thanks. Sorry for prying, but I have heard people talk about French influence in the St. Louis area and in Northern New England, where I might say it is just an archaism, but you're from a part of the country where I have no doubt about ongoing, living influences from French.
Oh, I didn't consider it prying. It's fun, sometimes, to share our very deep cultural heritages. Louisiana is actually quite a hodge-podge of both French and Spanish to be quite honest. We do have whole sections of our state where the children are still taught French as a primary language--it's not as common as it once was; but the deep cultural heritage is undeniable. And thanks! :)
Well, if my daughter gets into Tulane, maybe I'll get to spend some more time down there.
Tulane is a good school.... and be sure to come down for Mardi Gras...we're right in the middle of it now! Big time Party! For the entire metro area.
Is there a separate Dutch word for a cold?
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I've also seen verkouden zijn. Does that mean the same thing?
headache = hoofdpijn.
stomachache = buikpijn
to throw up = overgeven
to vomit = kotsen
diarrhea = diarree
fatigue = vermoeidheid
to cough = hoesten
to sneeze = niezen
to blow your nose = je neus snuiten
runny nose = loopneus (notice the contraction of words in dutch)
hay fever = hooikoorts
to sweat = zweten
skin = huid
rash = uitslag
skin rash = huiduitslag (contraction)
soar throat = zere keel
inflammation = ontsteking
inflammation of the throat = keelontsteking (a contraction again)
sinus infection = voorhoofdsholteontsteking (we really like our contractions)
fever = koorts. You have "koorts" when you have a body temperature (= lichaamstemperatuur) of 38°C or higher. The average normal body temperature is 37°C. A temperature between 37°C and 38°C is called a "verhoging", and is no reason for skipping school or calling in sick. My mom was a doctor and a stickler for that. You have a temperature of 37,9°C? No whining, off to school with you.
These are some quick symptoms and related words I could think of. I hope it's enough. You want some example sentences?
Stay healthy in any case.
You probably want to use sign language than, to avoid speaking at all.
voice = stem, in dutch. to lose = 'kwijt raken' or 'verliezen'.
If you have already lost your voice you say: "Ik ben mijn stem kwijt." Or: "Ik heb mijn stem verloren." If you're in the process of losing your voice you could say: "Ik raak mijn stem kwijt." Or: "Ik ben mijn stem aan het verliezen."
Losing your voice figuratively as in being speechless is: sprakeloos zijn - Ik ben sprakeloos.
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It is from the French word "grippe," which means "flu" but derives from the verb "gripper" = "to sieze." The French, in turn, comes from the Middle English "grippen."
By the way, "grippe" is also a word in English, albeit a fairly old fashioned one. The definition in Merriam-Webster is "an acute febrile contagious virus [sic] disease; especially influenza." In old novels in English, it is very common. But J.D. Salinger used it in The Catcher in the Rye, which was published in 1951.


text: Home » News » Ekiti election result: Omokri, Dele Momodu react to Fayemi's victory News Ekiti election result: Omokri, Dele Momodu react to Fayemi's victory Published on July 15, 2018 By Fikayo Olowolagba Reno Omokri, former aide to ex-president Goodluck Jonathan has accused the All Progressives Congress, APC, of rigging the just concluded Ekiti governorship election. The Independent National Electoral Commission on Sunday declared the APC candidate, Kayode Fayemi, as the winner after he defeated the current Deputy Governor of the state and candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party, Kolapo Olusola, in 12 LGAs. The APC candidate garnered 197,459 votes while Olusola polled 178,114 votes. Reacting to Fayemi's victory, Omokri described the election as 'federal military invasion' "Ekiti's election was NOT free and fair. It was more of a federal military invasion than an election. "Even with APC's questionable victory, I remind Buhari of history: PDP WON Ekiti's gubernatorial election in 2014 but LOST the 2015 Presidential election. It is yet Uhuru for PMB!" he tweeted. Also, Media mogul, Dele Momodu has congratulated Fayemi on his victory. Momodu wrote on his Twitter page, "Congratulations, Dr. Kayode Fayemi has been declared the winner of the Ekiti State election in a tension-soaked Gubernatorial race." Related Topics:Dele MomoduEkiti Election ResultFayemiomokri You may like Why I will not support APC in 2019 – Dele Momodu Corruption: Omokri fires back at Osinbajo for attacking Nigerian pastors Ekiti murder: Fayemi commiserates with Ojo's family, urges police to find killers Dele Momodu reveals how Saraki can be impeached as Senate President Ekiti election: Tribunal allows PDP to serve petition on APC, Fayemi by pasting, courier service NASS siege: Buhari must be impeached – Omokri tells Senators