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More amazing words from Master Rutledge. Thanks for continuing to share your knowledge, Andy.
I like how you raise the commonly heard complaint, "I'm not allowed to be creative." And then, by your comprehensive (and correct) definition, we actually hear these designers saying not only, "I'm not allowed to be self-expressive," but also, "I am unable to create given these restraints." Or even, "Sorry. I cannot do my job."
As a young, still very ignorant designer (and human being for that matter), it is a constant struggle to realize my value as a craftsman. However, your advice gifted to our community here and on Design View has always served as a competent, inspirational guide. Looking forward to your next piece.
Having spent many years in pure development design and creativity was something I lacked. Reading this article hasn't changed that, though with my current experiences I'm getting better.
On a recent project I was struggling for a good logo and a good colour palette. I contacted numerous design agencies. the majority of these jumped straight to creativity, I even got mock-ups based on one meeting. these missed the mark.
The reason they were 'off' was because I didn't really know what I wanted. However, there was one agency that went through this process with me. They got to know the 'landscape' first and the results are great.
This article has really opened my eyes to the process I should be looking for when contracting design work out. I would encourage anyone asking a design agency to do some work with them to ensure that the work is with and not just for them - expect a process like the one outlined in this article and expect good communication.
The final design has to communicate so the design agency should too.
Superb article, loved every word.
I particularly like your point that creativity is over-valued. I often hear references to "the creative"—as if some raw creative [removed]a Photoshop comp) needs to be transformed into a website. It strikes me that people who use this terminology have failed to grasp the basics of design under constraints, which you capture so eloquently.
I wholeheartedly agree with the idea that the design process be clearly distinguished notions of pure creativity - but I am not sure the distinction is so clear when your web design services involve Art Direction or coming up with marketing concepts which communicate and idea rather than just painting a product.
Confused? In Stephen Hay's article on Art Direction for the web (http://www.alistapart.com/articles/artdirweb) he describes how, when working for a toothpaste client "Someone purely concerned with design might create a proposal which uses very nice type, blue as a background color because it's "fresh,"? and some stock photos of generic mouth and teeth or laughing model families."
"An art director would perhaps come up with a concept which communicates the importance of the smile. What does a smile communicate? Power? Confidence? Happiness? Amusement? All of the above?" etc etc
The point is that when generating ideas which communicate using theme, metaphor and symbolism the Art Director will use one or more 'creative processes'. These - like design - are not something from within - it is a process - a method - albeit individual to each person.
It is not about self-expression or flambouyancy - it is about exploration and idea generation. But at the heart of it lies the 'creative idea' (where the notion of 'the creative' arises), which is arrived at through the 'creative process'.
Is this at odds with what you are saying here? I don't think so, as my notion of creative is very similar to your notion of design.
Maybe we need to promote the idea of 'creative' being a process, which - unguided, could bear little fruit, but when guided by skilled hands can produce outstanding results.
Andy, I'm not sure if your desire is to separate industry jargon from universal definition or if it's to redefine creativity.
If it's the latter I must disagree and I would point to "Ken Robinson's TED talk":http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/view/id/66 for the reason.
Ironically, perhaps, spandex suits would almost work as a space suit - since human skin is basically airtight and withstands quite a bit of pressure.
It'd be colder than hell, but you wouldn't suffer from explosive decompression.
In fact - somebody "beat you to it": http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1677329_1678408_1678409,00.html
Anyway - the point being that it isn't "craft" which defines good work, but "creative." I think people often miss point of what exactly creative IS, but a meticulously crafted, perfectly kerned, ad that says "Sale Tuesday" isn't as good as one with a creative angle. That space suit is cool and interesting not because it's well made (it probably isn't - I wouldn't want to take it for a lunar test drive) but because it's creative.
What makes competent work is good craft - what makes _good_ work is good creative. Sure, it's important to realize that creativity is not equal to expressionism or "weird" but I think that despite _Fast Company_ et al's assertion that creative is "where it's at" - too many business don't see the difference between "bad creative" and "good creative." They don't see how "Salezilla Tuesday" isn't _good_ even if it's creative.
Sure, anybody can be creative - but not everybody can be creative *well*. Anybody can however, be a _craftsman_. Thus, hundreds of places like (hopefully fictional website) CheapLogos4U.com churn out crummy logos which are perfectly well made, but lack the essential "spark" which makes competent design into _great_ design.
Anyway - I don't think we should be de-emphasizing creativity - but rather emphasizing that not all creative is created equal.
The article was a great read from noting on design and self-expression. Though, the word "creative" seems to be defined as self-expression here. I believe creativity derives from "to think to create". However, it is indeed commonly used as "I want to be creative" which should be "I want to express myself".
I have been through the process of Constraits and limitation. They were once shackles to me that hinder the process of creating. However, by reading this article, these shackles are now a airplane. The perception of the airplane would take me somewhere like paradise if I only knew how to get there. And if I didn't… I am going to crash to hell.
To get to paradise, I have to be more creative. I have to think outside of the sandbox. I have to climb over the wall, or dig under it.
Anything than just self-shackling myself to the ground.
Thanks for unshackling me.
Great article.
When client says 'enough creativity', what he means is that you are allowed to creative to the extent people like your work.
As freelancers, consultants and agency employees, we have myriad opportunities to both involve and embrace the client's impression of creativity. I sense the longing from clients to be part of the brainstorming and the creative process.
Brainstorming with your clients allows for the most widely misused interpretation of the word "creativity" and allows the team to go off and execute with a real sense of purpose.
Good business application of creativity, in my humble opinion, has much more to do with understanding the needs of the client and not so much the feel of the client.
I like how the article talked about the web design process from and objective point of view which allows those overly emotional artists not to have any excuses for their designs. On a personal note: The article helped me to get past some of my personal judgments when designing new layouts. In todays world if you are going to be a web designer you must hop out of your creative box that the art schools taught you and start putting your left brain at work. If you still want to be the flamboyant creative artist then go paint.
From my perspective the client always rules. It's their business and their image. Creative, as Andy alludes to, means communicating the client's message to the targeted customer as effectively and simply as possible. It's that simple.
Any designer that complains they can't "express themselves" is missing the point. You are supposed to be "expressing" your client. In the end, we all measure the effectiveness of what we do by the sales we generate, the customers we convert, etc.
i don't mean to sound overly critical, but this article of huge walls of text would be more effective if it was summarized to a few key points. it suits a wine+cheese conversation piece than being posted as a ALA article. i was hoping for something more substantial. much of it is some what contrived philosophizing on what "creativity" is. which is a subjective matter.
to me:
* creativity is about problem solving (design skills, technical competence are merely apparatus)
* if the client wants a purple text on red background no matter what, you do it. in the real world, it's about revenue.
sorry, this article doesn't do it for me, neither does the other one in the issue.
I cannot disagree with this article. As a designer, you are in the design business, BUSINESS. Clients are spending their time and money that you cannot just go and waste. However, I disagree with some of the comments above, that clients rule your work. Is it really 'rule'? There could be constraints from your client but that could also be your challenge as a designer, no?
Also "creativity is about problem solving" is a way of saying creativity is a small piece of the puzzle. If it was that easy, we wouldn't have read this article.
In thinking of Design as business, we must think about people/Users/customers/consumers who is behind our clients. So I don't think client is 100% right as most of you know. You must be their end user as well, in which case you have to tell them what they need.
Excellent article! I think there are many perceptions of "creativity" and this piece really clarifies the purpose of creativity in business. I greatly appreciate the point that creativity (at least in business) is not just about self expression, it's about solving problems and making connections in new and different ways. It's validating to designers who work not just to create something pretty, but to solve problems based on facts.
Thought I'd point out one grammatical error:
"While many _commonly popular_ definitions of creativity…"
Nicely written article…and I urge all commentators to read the article atleast twice. I find most of the negative comments lack any substance really and at a second glance all arguements raised have been covered.
Here is a practical and well grounded presentation that identifies the role of creativity in design Good work. Breaking it down, I think it presents us more questions than answers, which is good because I think it will make us search for the answers…answers that would invariably make us better at what we do.
Good article - "creativity" in the context of design should refer to problem solving and synthesizing abilities, not self expression. The very use of the term "creative" as a noun to refer to someone in the design profession is just a stomach-turning marketing term used to sell products and services to said someone by making him or her feel "special" and "different." Don't be a sucker.
You bring up a very frustrating but real point on how many executives view their creative team to be mere artists or photoshop gurus. In reality, design fundamentals are what drive good websites and web applications. These techniques are learned and help us build every aspect of our project, including layout, navigation, typography, color scheme, branding, and more. I have found that my clients are astonished when I explain to them all the technical reasons that went into the design process. They appreciate the project and value my work much more when they understand that each decision was made from a solid foundation and not from self expression as you pointed out. There is a sense of confidence in my decisions when I can explain to a client exactly why I did or did not do something. Nobody, I repeat nobody, likes to hear that you did something just because you felt like it. Thanks for the article!
Creativity as defined very accuratly in this article not only applies to designers. But also to developers.
The definition:
* ongoing curiosity,
* the desire and habit of looking more deeply into things than others care to,
* the habit of comparing stimulus with result, and
* a habit for qualitative discrimination.
can be easily held up to _measure the ability of a developer to solve problems_, to _measure his creativity_.
Being a developer *and* a designer I always am curious about everything related to my work I like to create clean correct _stuff_ that just plain works and that on the inside are as clean and simple (looking) as possible. That applies to the design (the stuff one sees) and to the code (the stuff you usually do not see).
I enjoyed the article. Thank you!
Parsing through the article I notice Andy described creativity as an "ability to see things differently and notice", tell me if I'm wrong but isn't this the way intelligence is (often) defined—as an ability to quickly notice patterns and relationships that other people cannot? Therefore, could one say that designers (probably) have a higher IQ or that the job requires it?
15 years experience of working with a number of people described (in differing degrees) as "creatives", "designers", "artworkers", "techies" and weird hybrids thereof can confirm that creativity certainly does NOT equal intelligence.
Of course, that doesn't mean the two things are mutually exclusive. I have worked with highly intelligent creatives and those that need instructions to put their trousers on in the morning.
I guess alot of it comes down to the definition of intelligence.
Hi -
I'm wondering why the author has been completely silent. Part of the beauty of this publication is the ability for the author to interact.
Could we hear something from you, Andy? Great, thanks…
One belief is that creative people excel in divergent thinking and that intelligent people excel in convergent thinking.
If you are interested, other studies by Roe(1952),
Mackinnon(1976), and Getzels/Jackson (1962)provide interesting insights about the relationship between creativity and intelligence.
I would love to hear even more about taking constraints of the design process, specifically web design, and leveraging them as strengths.
Print has its own unique processes, and trying to become a master (or at least a solid practitioner) of both print and interactive/web design is a difficult task that I find myself in.
My concern is that Andy is so eager to separate wild crazy no-holdsp-barred creativity from design problem solving that he is discounting the absolute real value of the way "soft" fuzzy creative thinking works.
The space suit example is a case in point: Someone above posted a link to an engineer/designer who is developing a form-fitting "spandex" space suit which directly compresses the skin instead of enveloping the body in a sack of compressed air. This design process began with exactly the kind of thinking Andy seeks to suppress: thinking of something that is absolutely WRONG in order to redefine the problem. In this case, the problem had always been defined as "how to create air pressure around a body", instead of "how to pressurize the skin" or even "how to make a slimmer, nimbler, and sexier space suit". By redefining the problem in terms that may run afoul of the current thinking, designers and engineers are able to then try to solve the new problem. Maybe there is no solution and they go back to the drawing board, but maybe, instead, a better solution will emerge.
Similarly, a designer may get a kooky crazy idea to arbitrarily design his or her next web site upside down, or all in shades of yellow, or out of toothpicks, or whatever seems interesting and wacky to them. This inspiration may, further down the line, open up new possibilities in the design itself. Later, when the design's practical requirements are revisited, as they should be, the toothpicks may be removed, but some of the ideas the toothpicks generated may remain.
I am concerned with the seemingly perpetual desire on the part of many design writers, Andy especially, to try to suppress fuzzy thinking among designers. There are two problems: the lack of structured thinking among fuzzy-thinking designers (designers being too artsy) AND the lack of fuzzy-thinking among structured designers (designers being little more than engineers). And I think the latter problem is **by far** a greater problem than the former: our products generally work okay, they're just boring and ugly and depressing to use.
In short, we can introduce better structured thinking to designers without suppressing the fuzzy part. Great designers can do both. No need to knock one to build up the other.
That is exactly why I decided to start my own site. It is risky, but to be able to have creative freedom is not something many people get to do.
Trying to show a client how creative you are only makes me think of Carrot Top in a boardroom trying to make balloon out of bowling ball.
I'm not sure Andy's argument is totally correct here. I believe Creativity is just that, the act of creation, whatever scale it may be on. I believe what Andy outlines here in his article is really insight. I think the distinction is a small yet important one. Insight gives us a perception of something that penetrates the surface and this is a rare talent. I also believe that Andy is wrong in saying that these things are innate and can not be learned as I personally believe this to be a skill that can be worked at. This is not to say that many people do seem to have a natural aptitude for this.
There is no one saying that you have to limit your creativity. This article merely points out that design is a process and a very complicated one at that. There are many things to consider and we should embrace that idea and try to get others to do the same. It is a shame if when people see websites or applications and think that we are only artists. There is so much more. Art and self expression are just pieces of the whole design experience and unfortunately the majority of people out there do not understand that. When the only thing someone can say to me after months of planning and work is, "yah it looks nice", it is not very rewarding. Think about it.
I have been involved in web dev (front end for DOM and DHTML mostly) for the last 2 years with a decade of experience in desktop publishing and ad design. This article outlines quite a bit of self realization over the years. Concise and well written. Good work.
This article is superb and presents some of us in the field with a different perspective to contemplate. I wholeheartedly agree and appreciate that this article could be so widely spread via this website. Cheers!
Over here in Germany I made the experience that money (cost) matters first… Creativity comes later.
Of course - it always has to be "creativ"... but it should cost nothing.
But: i am aware that there are also "agencies", where creativity matters most. They get paid whatever wanted…
For the last 2 years one of my key staff members has been after me to pretty much start my own school of design. I tell her no because after a decade or so of doing that we would produce the same limited view on designs as we are finding in our applicants now.
This was an amazing article and creativity is so much of what you said but also so much more. To be truly creative you have to have an understanding of your audience, not just be a pixel pusher or design visionary. Creativity extends far beyond vision and reaches into the hearts and minds of your viewers. It is each and every "designers" job to take to heart who they are designing for and not just what they are designing.
And I'd like to add another perspective of my own.
I suppose creativity to be lacking, stifled in most if the task was to create another compelling "loop in the minds" comparing Coca-Cola over Pepsi, thinking the goal is to boast sales of one product over the other for the quarter. Gearing up and rallying you and your personnel for a project such as this is like everyone thinking of going out somewhere and getting drunk.
A smidgen of creativity and design aptitude works best with a project that the mind can sink its teeth into, and take a bite out of, such as the GUI of the Macintosh computer, which gave the world Apple's 1984 Superbowl thirty second presentation commercial.
The lack of quality projects for a creative mind to engage in, eg. another Cola war, Drake's Cakes and Pastries, new and improved soap products, etc., probably should've been considered if only to leave the reader of this tome with the impression that sometimes the goal and result of and for one's creative expression is simply just a colossal bore.
Andy articulates his thoughts well. I'm glad I read this.
I never call myself "creative" and I kind of bristle at it. In the web world "designer" often == "interior decorator." Ask a structural engineer who the "designer" on a project is and they'll point to the firm's principal i.e. the most-experienced, best-paid, smartest person in the room. NOT the fresh-out-of-college kid with an "awesome book."
I don't even like to say "creative" in the sense that Rutledge is using i.e. "creative problem solving" or "creative constraint definition" even though these are probably my strengths.
"Creative" is like "special" or "elegant" or "strategy." A word everyone uses and no one knows the meaning of. If you're using "creative" in a sentence prepare to be misunderstood.
I especially hate "Creative" as a noun, e.g. "Paul will be your Creative on this project" or "did you bring the Creative [meaning comps] for the client meeting?" Ugh. I feel like there's this brightly-colored room where the Creatives go to do remedial math while the smarter kids at the agency write strategy briefs or requirements docs.
Thanks for this post. The ideas you share and the responses of other readers (which led me to view Ken Robinson's talk "Do schools kill creativity?") were very thought provoking. Instead of taking up a ton of space with further feedback here, I have posted my response to this article at the link below:
Great Article! It's very interesting to read here how "creativity" is perceived in market. I too have heard the word used in many contexts by non creatives to mean, "make it look pretty" or "different" or "stand out." (I think we all have been there)
What I enjoyed here are the perceptions of creativity and design, that are seemingly non parallel. Especially as mentioned in web design, we often execute for purpose of the user, not self satisfaction. Funny, I actually consider myself not so much a creative professional, but rather a problem solver -using my "thinking" and applying technical capabilities like illustrating or photography to communicate ideas.
This article was insightful, but most ideas were quite redundant and/or drawn out too long. This could have been condensed to a much more reasonable size.
To be honest I gave up on the looks and just focused on the search engine optimization part of web design because that is all anyone ever talks about when asking me to create websites for them now adays.
To be honest I gave up on the looks and just focused on the search engine optimization part of web design because that is all anyone ever talks about when asking me to create websites for them now adays.
Design is not a single phase as many might think if they look at traditional System Development Life Cycles (SDLC). Design actually has seven phases:
1. REVISE - Concept Design
2. RELATE - Context Design
3. REPORT - Logic Design
4. RECORD - Physics Design
5. READY - Definition Design
6. RENDER - Manipulation Design
7. RESORT - Media Design
Each step adds additional constraints to the design process.
As well a system does not involve the design of a single facet but six:
1. CAUSE - Why - goals and rules of the system
2. OBSERVER - Who - people and roles of the system
3. ENERGY - How - software and functions of the system
4. MASS - What - inventory and data of the system
5. SPACE - Where - hardware and locations of the system
6. TIME - When - events and sequences of the system
Each of the facets (columns) are designed according to each phase (row). Benefits are calculated down the columns and costs are calculated across the rows. This allows a cost benefit estimate and actual to be determined phase by phase.
This methodology to be effective should be computer assisted from start to finish. This has not been realized. No language exists where seamless integration of all the phases and facets is achieved, modeling or otherwise.
However, the room for creativity is enormous. Suddenly, all the participants regarded as designers have incentive to innovate and invent. Innovation being the storm of ideas and invention being the chosen idea for each facet of the phase.
Yes, it is structured. Basically it is a periodic table of your system where you discover each element. However, considering the way we think and act non-linearly and organically we can cascade through this methodology both across the rows and down the columns many times, refining each time. The concept, context, logic, physics, definition, manipulation and media becoming clearer and sharper with each iteration.
Every person is a designer. Its just a designer in what phase and what facet.
Creativity is a fact of life. If you are creative you are noticed in a good way. You need to be creative in order to distinguish yourself from the others.
Back in the early 90s, when I was teaching video production classes at the Art Institute of Ft. Lauderdale, one of my greatest challenges was convincing students of the value of using tripods for their cameras and 3-point lighting. This was the time when Steven Bochco's "NYPD Blue" was bursting on the scene—the no-tripod, no stabilizer camerawork shot under natural lighting was the first primetime TV show to invoke anxiety for 60-full minutes. This was also the time that AT&T's TV spots featured frenetically shot black-and-white footage of customers talking about their long-distance carrier experiences.
Despite my efforts to convince students of the values of learning the rules of good video production, and then breaking those rules for maximum effect, they persisted in emulating their MTV influences. I tried, in vain, to help them understand that the real masters of art and creativity embrace the rules before rejecting them.
The masters of the Impressionist Movement were masters because they studied the 'rules' of art for years before turning the art world on its head. The same is said for the French New Wave film movement of the 20th century.
Rutledge's article is a great reminder for all who claim to be creative designers—careful to not be an oxymoron.
Creativity is in deed very important if you want to deliver good work to your customer. But it is only one piece in the whole puzzle. Laborious tasks are neccessary as well. And if you forget to do these things all your superb creative work won't get the credit it deserves.
I think quite a lot of the time complaint about the client is legitimate. If we all operated within the client's expectations and left our self-expression and desire to experiment at the door every site on the web would have the same "semi-gloss colorful bubbles, drop shadows, gradients and reflections":href=http://www.photoshopforfun.com/cor_template.htm most uncreative clients are absolutely convinced they have to have.
I'm dealing with a client like that right now, who wants something "simple, classy and elegant":http://alistapart.com that will appeal to her high-class customers, but thinks that equates to "shiny shiny shiny with an extra helping of kitsch":http://www.yelp.com/ .
Constraints on creativity are great, when they are in context of the needs of the customer, or a corporate identity. When they get in the way of delivering what the client wants because they're focused on what he expects, they are a nightmare. That's what I personally think designers complain about the most.
I agree that what is being called "creativity" can zoom right into an "it must be different" without consideration of the medium, standards or, unfortunately, the client's industry and needs. There's a world of difference between designing a professional website for a client and something you might do for yourself. I think we owe it to clients to ensure that what we do for them is aimed squarely at achieving their goals.
If you have to stop to explain issues to them, and you probably will because they're not web designers, then so be it.
Your own stuff? Geez, that can go fast and brilliant according to your own needs. :)
In music and art as well as web design, I see too often that people who claim to be creative are avoiding being competent. I host an open mic and it is impossible to talk to many of the singer/songwriters about music because they don't know enough about their craft to hold a discussion. They seem to feel if they are 'creative', that magic will happen and they will be appreciated. The 'Creative' word also too often means 'look at me' rather than at the good work they've done.
I think the very best thing that's ever happened for my "creativity" is working within the constraints of strict XHTML.
I disagree with a lot of this article but a solid framework is essential to almost any work of art. I mean unless you're intentionally making an artistic statement about chaos and entropy, or the transitory nature of things in general.
There's something aesthetically pleasing about a semantically sensible framework in and of itself, even if few will ever see it.
Then the real magic happens when you take a client's existing media and paint it on that framework, creating something new and different without actually creating anything new and different.
Say, wouldn't it be cool if you could make a screen reader "sing" a stylesheet?
I once participated in a workshop led by Roger de Bruyn. He presented a model in which creativity is the coming together of craftsmanship, commitment to (solving) the problem, and imagination-flexibility<sup>1</sup>; as opposed to the more general use of the word creativity that focuses on only one of the three, imagination-flexibility. If you follow these lines, it is clear where most of the constraints originate: in the problem that you want to solve. And for the rest it depends on how good you really are: your own craftsmanship may be a serious constraint too. As De Bruijn says as a subtitle to "The proof of the pudding "¦"?: you always end up with design; and on creativity itself: "Be sparing with creativity, work on improving quality."? When listening to De Bruijn and reading his texts, he confirms Ruthledge where it comes to creativity and constraints. Maybe it's more appropriate to say that both agree with Goethe's "In der beschränking zeigt sich erst der Meister,"? which can be given two distinct but connected meanings, one that being able to excel in spite of constraints, the other, off course, that less is more.
<sup>1</sup> I guess there is a better translation of "vakmanschap, probleembetrokkenheid en verbeeldingsflexibiliteit,"? but my knowledge of English is insufficient to come up with that.
I truly feel sorry for you and your strange need to classify and further throw limitations upon yourself or other likeminded "individuals" (I almost said single minded but they are immune from such quackery thankfully)who have the misfortune of coming across your ideas about creativity. There I was snug within the confines of a gentle afternoon when I read your disturbing litany of excesses, sending a shiver through the very air I was breathing, with its vague attempts at shackling everything good and true to the imaginative spirit.Yes Andy, I said spirit, but I'm sure you have a quantitive approach to this subject as well.
I am just an artist and have not the disposition (thank Zagreus!)necessary to disect the speculative notions and exact dimensions of creativity but partnering it as you have so neatly done within the institution of "Design" fits it to a T! I agree, that as a designer you do have to adhere to certain restrictions but that doesn't mean you have to sever the arm because the eye is merely watering. Trust your instincts instead!If you poses any.
Creativity IS like love, something that cannot be measured and more importantly why should it? Classifying every last belief, action, idea etc. only further diminishes the wonder and mystery that make those aspects of our world unique. Your distinction between "Applied creativity" and "idealistic definition" makes as much sense as the separation between sucking and fucking.
Don't spoil it for the rest of us, or future impressionable generations, who come across your solipsism and take it for truth. You employ your creativity and I'll employ mine and in that way we'll be able to effectively seperate creativity from the designer giving it back to free thinking where it belongs.


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This site features information about constructing a LEGO model of the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission Core Observatory. Two options for building the GPM model are provided: students can construct a 3D model on the LEGO website or... (View More) build an actual LEGO model of the satellite (information is provided for purchasing individual parts or for purchasing a pre-packaged kit). In addition to learning about the primary components of the GPM satellite, students will also learn facts about the mission, its technology and instrumentation. (View Less)
Intended for use after viewing the Science on a Sphere film "Water Falls," this lesson deepens student's understanding of global precipitation measurement. Students will explore NASA satellite data gathered during Hurricane Sandy to learn how that... (View More) data was essential in helping scientists forecast its path and precipitation amounts. All background information, student worksheets and images/photographs/data are included in these downloadable sections: Teacher's Guide, Student Capture Sheet, Assessment and PowerPoint Presentation. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
This interactive is a graphical introduction to geospatial images from NASA Earth science satellites and encourages exploration of the interconnected nature of Earth's system by students and the public alike. Explore 25 different Earth images and... (View More) learn key features behind each data set, learn more about the satellite mission that collected the data, and find links to related NASA resources, including multimedia and data. See supplemental links for a link to a poster version of the interactive. The backside of the poster includes information on how and why NASA maps the world, a student section with tools and resources for them to explore and create their own maps, and more. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
This is a make-it-yourself planisphere designed to show where Kepler is pointing. Learners can use it to locate exoplanets around stars in the night sky. It comes with two wheels: one with coordinate grid for plotting additional exoplanet stars and... (View More) one without grid that is easier to read; and two holders for varying latitudes (one for 30°-50° and one for 50°-70°). The product is updated approximately annually to incorporate improvements and any newly discovered planets orbiting naked eye stars. (View Less)
Materials Cost: 1 cent - $1 per student
In this activity, learners select the scientific instruments for their satellite, calculate the power requirements for all the subsystems, and construct a scale model of their very own Earth observing satellite using building blocks and/or Legos.... (View More) Includes instructions and worksheets. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5 per group of students
In this online card game, players prepare five important NASA Earth missions. The object of the game is to be the first to complete three of five missions. A mission is completed when all four of its required components have been supplied. Each... (View More) mission needs a rocket, an orbit, a spacecraft, and a science objective. There are different kinds of each of these components; each mission needs a different combination of the components. The game is based on real NASA Earth missions: Aqua, Aura, CloudSat, IceSat, and Terra. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
Learners create a "sound cone" and use it to understand how the Deep Space Network antennas pick up radio communications from space.
Materials Cost: 1 cent - $1 per student
Learners will decide on the appropriateness of items to take on a long trip to Mars and take into consideration the effects of zero gravity, limited electrical power, etc.
Materials Cost: Free
Learners will create their own models of lunar orbiters out of edible or non-edible materials. They determine what tools would be necessary to help us better understand the Moon and plan for a future lunar outpost. Then they incorporate these... (View More) elements into their models. NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter is used as an example of a spacecraft armed with "eyes," "ears," and other tools for exploration. This activity is part of Explore! To the Moon and Beyond! - a resource developed specifically for use in libraries. (View Less)
Materials Cost: 1 cent - $1 per group of students
This paper model of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope includes three pages of parts that can be cut out and assembled using common household items. It also provides a short description of the scientific instruments on board Fermi, as well as links... (View More) to other resources about its instruments. (View Less)
Materials Cost: 1 cent - $1 per student


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BRISTOL, Conn. — When Aaron Hernandez was a child in this faded factory town, his mother, Terri, twice turned to the courts for bankruptcy protection.
When he was in sixth grade, she began taking bets for an illegal gambling organization. Police would later seize reams of evidence from the home.
There is no way to know how much, if anything, Hernandez knew about his mother's activities, or about the darker side of her second marriage to a violent ex-convict who had previously wed his cousin.
But the events reflect a strained family dynamic that grew more tangled as Hernandez rose from schoolboy prodigy to prime-time Patriot, living a double life of sorts.
As his celebrity status grew, Hernandez was never far from his Bristol roots, never free of the orbit of his childhood — a fact that has become increasingly clear over the last 50 days, as he has gone from national football star to prisoner No. 174594 in the Bristol County jail.
Hernandez has long nurtured an image of himself as a former honor student whose deeds were worthy of the 2013 Pop Warner Inspiration to Youth Award. He has also cast himself as a loving father to his young daughter, and a committed partner to his fiancée, Shayanna Jenkins, a high school classmate.
But in his alternate life, the lavishly tattooed multimillionaire allegedly consorted with a cadre of ex-convicts from Bristol in a volatile underworld of guns, drugs, and violence. He has been linked by prosecutors and a civil lawsuit to a series of assaults, shootings, and, ultimately, three killings.
Hernandez and his lawyers have proclaimed his innocence. But much remains unexplained, and perhaps unexplainable — including the influences of his childhood in Bristol, and growing up in a home where crime was no stranger.
Impact of father's death
Police wiretaps allegedly intercepted Terri Hernandez relaying betting lines for games involving many sports teams, including the New England Patriots. Her alleged accomplice, Martin Hovanesian, was convicted of felony racketeering and professional gambling. The outcome of Terri Hernandez's case — she faced several charges, including professional gambling — is not available under Connecticut law.
"It was a big-time operation in a little town,'' said William Gerace, Hovanesian's lawyer. "She was the phone operator, a minor player, not the brains.''
Terri Hernandez has refused interview requests, and her former lawyer, a longtime family friend, declined to comment.
By the accounts of friends and acquaintances, Aaron Hernandez's father loomed largest in his life, and his death in 2006 from complications after routine hernia surgery was a turning point.
For more than 30 years, the elder Hernandez was known on the streets of Bristol as The King. The son of Puerto Rican immigrants, Dennis Hernandez reigned as street royalty from his days as a three-sport star at Bristol Central High School and a running back at the University of Connecticut through his career as a school custodian.
Bristol changed over time, as ESPN's headquarters swelled, helping to offset the jobs and taxes lost to shuttered factories. But Dennis Hernandez steadily kept his boys, DJ and Aaron, productive in school and sports.
Portrayed by friends and former teammates as generally popular but street tough and sometimes abrasive, Dennis guided DJ toward UConn, where he played football and earned a master's in school counseling. DJ, 27, is now a graduate assistant football coach at the University of Iowa.
Aaron, who shattered several Connecticut high school records for pass receivers, regularly made the high school honor roll and earned enough credits to depart for the University of Florida midway through his senior year as the top-rated prep tight end in the nation.
His father's death "ate him alive,'' said Jordan Carello, a high school friend and football teammate. "He wasn't as outgoing. He wouldn't really talk. You could tell he was devastated.''
Hernandez was, by his own account, unsure where to turn.
"Everyone was close to my father, but I was the closest,'' he told USA Today in 2009. "When that happened, who do I talk to? Who do I hang with? It was tough.''
Unsavory associations
A high school picture has since surfaced of Hernandez purportedly flashing the sign of the Bloods street gang while dressed in red, the gang's color. Jail officials say an evaluation of his possible gang affiliation was inconclusive.
But his behavioral changes triggered alarms. Bristol school officials have declined interviews since his arrest, but his high school football coach, Doug Pina, told the Hartford Courant in 2010, "Personally, I've always had concerns.''
Citing Hernandez's youth — he was 17 when he entered college and 20 when he joined the Patriots — Pina said, "He's still finding himself. With the right people around, [if] he keeps his head straight, he'll do very well.''
It was no secret Hernandez began running with some unsavory characters after his father died and continued some of those associations after he left Bristol.
"A lot of guys come into the NFL haunted by the past,'' said Tully Banta-Cain, Hernandez's Patriots teammate in 2010. "Some guys overcome it and some continue to be haunted throughout their careers if they're not able to disassociate themselves from certain people or certain atmospheres. Aaron may have fallen victim to that.''
Nowhere was the criminal element in Hernandez's life more evident than at a powder-blue Cape house at 114 Lake Ave. in Bristol, across from a field where he once played football. The home is owned by Hernandez's uncle.
The house became a way station for Hernandez's inner circle, including Ernest Wallace and Carlos Ortiz, who allegedly accompanied him when Odin Lloyd, a semi-pro football player from Dorchester and Hernandez's one-time friend, was killed near Hernandez's home in North Attleborough.
Investigators planned to question another ex-convict, Thaddeus L. Singleton III, who lived at the Lake Avenue house. But Singleton died June 30, four days after Hernandez's arrest, in a single-car crash in a vehicle registered to Valderrama.
Singleton was married to Tanya Cummings-Singleton, Hernandez's cousin. She was jailed Aug. 1 in Boston for refusing to testify before a grand jury investigating Hernandez.
Police had previously seized Cummings-Singleton's cellphone and credit cards during a court appearance by Wallace, Hernandez's alleged "right-hand man.'' A police affidavit alleges she bought Wallace a bus ticket to Florida after Lloyd's slaying.
Yet Cummings-Singleton's role in the Hernandez family history runs deeper than her relationship with Wallace. In 2005, she married Jeffrey Cummings, an ex-convict who would become Hernandez's stepfather. They had a son before they divorced a year later.
Cummings then married Hernandez's mother on a trip to Las Vegas in 2009. There is no indication that Aaron, then in college, attended the ceremony. It occurred eight days after he helped Tim Tebow and Florida defeat Oklahoma, 24-14, for the national collegiate title.
But this was much clear: Even before his mother found herself in a problematic marriage with Cummings, Hernandez began behaving badly in Florida, where he never seemed far from his Bristol cronies.
Four months after he arrived in Gainesville, the 17-year-old was out with teammates, Tebow among them, at The Swamp bar when he punched a bouncer over a disputed bill, police stated. The punch allegedly broke the man's ear drum.
The incident took few of the Gators by surprise.
"Of course everyone knew about [Hernandez's] troubled past," one of his former Florida teammates said. "Starting college at 17 is a lot for a person to handle."
Hernandez also tested positive for marijuana, triggering a one-game suspension. But he excelled on the field, winning both the John Mackey Award as the nation's top tight end and first-team All-America honors as a junior.
But once he de termined he would skip his senior year to join the NFL, Hernandez was seen more frequently with his Bristol buddies, according to former college friends.
During his final year at Florida, according to an image TMZ released this year, Hernandez photographed himself wearing red and hoisting a handgun.
At home, the violence continued. A month before Hernandez reported to his first Patriots training camp in 2010, his stepfather knifed his mother. Terri Hernandez suffered lacerations to her right cheek, right shoulder, and left wrist. Cummings went to jail, and she divorced him.
During the same period, several of Hernandez's other Bristol acquaintances landed in jail.
From 2010 and 2012, Wallace, the right-hand man, was sentenced to 120 days in jail for various crimes, including larceny. Ortiz, 27, a career criminal with a ninth-grade education, also gave police the Lake Avenue address. Since 2004, he has been convicted in Connecticut of 15 crimes, from threatening to assault.
When a Globe reporter recently knocked at the Lake Avenue house, a woman pulled back a curtain several inches and said the occupants had no comment. A man who arrived moments later with a case of beer said Hernandez's friends and relatives "don't want to talk to the press.''
A contract, but more trouble
The house at 114 Lake Ave. continued to be a hub of activity, some of it of increasing interest to police.
Court records indicate that authorities, in the course of investigating the shooting deaths of two Cape Verdean immigrants on a Boston street last summer, recovered a sport utility vehicle of interest at the home.
Police suspect Hernandez and the victims clashed at the nightspot Cure before the men were shot by a suspect in a silver SUV. The vehicle at 114 Lake Ave. registered in Hernandez's name.
In searching the property, police also seized documents and nearly 100 rounds of ammunition. The case is now before a Suffolk County grand jury.
A month after the killings, Hernandez and the Patriots agreed to a five-year, $40 million contract extension, with $12.5 million guaranteed. Hernandez vowed afterward that his life as "the young and reckless Aaron'' was behind him.
But with his rich contract secured, Hernandez increasingly isolated himself from his teammates, and he was involved in a series of incidents this year before Lloyd's slaying that suggested the "reckless Aaron'' and his Bristol sidekicks remained active.
The first occurred in January, when a trooper clocked an SUV on the Southeast Expressway traveling 105 miles per hour. The driver was Alexander Bradley, an ex-convict from Bristol who has described himself as Hernandez's former paid assistant.
Fifteen days later, Hernandez allegedly shot Bradley in the face in Florida, according to Bradley's civil suit against him. Bradley lost an eye.
Hernandez next surfaced in California, where he was scheduled to work out with Patriots quarterback Tom Brady. Soon he was involved in two disturbances at his rented condo in Hermosa Beach, police reported.
On March 25, Hernandez had been drinking and was arguing with Jenkins when he cut his wrist punching a window, a police report stated. Jenkins called 911 for an ambulance, saying Hernandez was "losing a lot of blood.'' No charges were filed.
Eight days later, police returned when a neighbor reported a disturbance. Again, Hernandez and Jenkins were arguing. Police took no action after restoring calm.
Six weeks later, Hernandez and his Bristol pals were back in New England, where police responded at 2:30 a.m. to the Viva lounge in Providence, to disperse a crowd after a New York Jets fan followed Hernandez out of the club, taunting him. Police reported seeing a man toss a .22-caliber handgun under a car before he fled. In court, prosecutors suggested the man was Ernest Wallace.
Wallace was in Bristol on June 16, when Hernandez — before taking Jenkins on a date — tapped out a Twitter message: "happy father's day to all the great dads out there.''
Before the date ended, prosecutors say, Hernandez set in motion a plan to kill Lloyd. A law enforcement source has told the Globe the motive for Lloyd's slaying may have been linked to his knowledge of Hernandez's possible involvement in last year's double homicide of the Cape Verdean immigrants.
Father's Day had ended by the time Hernandez, Wallace, and Ortiz picked up Lloyd in Dorchester and drove to an industrial park in North Attleborough. There, Lloyd was shot five times.
Several minutes later, prosecutors allege, a surveillance camera captured an image of Hernandez at his home carrying a handgun.
Wallace and Ortiz returned to Lake Avenue before they were arrested. Hernandez also was arrested, at his home, before police began investigating an alleged effort to cover up the crime.
In a police affidavit released last week, investigators stated Shayanna Jenkins and Cummings-Singleton made "overt attempts to hide evidence,'' possibly including the murder weapon.
On Tuesday, police suspended an exhaustive search of Pine Lake, not far from 114 Lake Ave., without locating the weapon.
Hernandez, meanwhile, sits behind bars, with only memories of Pine Lake, the football fields of his youth, and his childhood home on a steep hill overlooking a little city that once adored him.
His next scheduled court date is Aug. 22.


text:
|Institution Type:
|Private not-for-profit
|Campus Setting:
|Great Lakes Large City
|Highest Degree Offered:
|Bachelor's degree
|Level of Institution:
|Four or more years
Lexington is an all girls catholic school. A smaller school for those who like one on one attention. A school where girl power is key, especially for minorities.…
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text:
On staff since October 1992
Children's Title: Director, Pediatric Cardiovascular Research
Academic Title: Professor, Pediatrics
Research Center: Center for Integrative Brain Research
"Unlocking the secrets of heart disease in children both at the bench and at the bedside, and then developing new diagnostic and treatment approaches is most rewarding. In that way, my work extends not only to the children I personally treat but also to those cared for by other physicians."
"Unlocking the secrets of heart disease in children both at the bench and at the bedside, and then developing new diagnostic and treatment approaches is most rewarding. In that way, my work extends not only to the children I personally treat but also to those cared for by other physicians."
Michael A. Portman, MD, is director of research in the Division of Cardiology at Seattle Children's Hospital and professor in the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Washington School of Medicine. He is attending physician at Seattle Children's Heart Center and the Cardiology Clinic at Providence Everett Medical Center.
Portman's research activities include pharmacological clinical trials, basic science research projects focused on cardiac metabolism in animal models and mentoring future clinical researchers. He is an editorial board member of the American Journal of Physiology — Heart and Circulatory Physiology and co-investigator for a grant on cardiovascular research training.
Dr.Portman, and Dr. Jeremy are the most amazing specialist. They deserve life's path 5o peace , comfort, and compassion. My5 the child was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease at 4.5 months.Its much thankfulness too them that my baby girl is here with us today, healthy.They a4e worth a million
We absolutely love Dr. Portman. My son was diagnosed, in September, with an unusual case of Kawasaki Disease. I had little answers, and the stress and fear continued to pile up on our family. I remember when we first met Dr. Portman, he came into my son's hospital room, and put an ease to all of our fears. He took the time to answer any questions, and didn't leave until we had an ease and understanding that he was going to do everything possible for our son. He also treated him like a 10 year old boy, who has a bright future ahead of him, instead of another patient in the hospital. His has a huge passion for children in general, but also kids who are diagnosed with this rare disease. I absolutely recommend him to any other family who is seeking a Cardiologist that will take time to make sure you have the absolute best care for your child. He has made such a devastating and scary experience, for our son and family, a little more peaceful with his vast knowledge and sensitivity towards the patient. We love Dr. Portman!
Dr. Portman is an amazing doctor. He has a Heart of gold. When my brother, Brandon, was 15, He was diagnosed with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy also known ad HCM. When I was younger I didn't realize the difference Dr. Portman had made to all our lives.Now That I am older I have realized he gave us all a reason to smile and laugh, no matter how hard the times. My brother has had had 2 open heart surgeries and has a pacemaker. He is okay now. But still has trouble from time to time. His most recent check up. They had told him the left side of his heart is only working at 80%. So this was a set back for us all. I really want to thank Dr. Portman for always explaining things to us in a manner I even knew what was going on back then. And for giving me a chance to grow up beside my brother. I am so happy he was there for the whole family for years. I really owe him my childhood. I don't know what I would have done with out my big brother. So thank you Dr. Portman. I wish you nothing but happiness. Thank you for being such a caring and understanding man!
DR. Portman is literally the smartest man I have met in real life. I met him when my daughter was 7 days old and he diagnosed her with transposition of the heart. I was 23 years old and my baby was broken. I was devastated . He treated her with kindness and caring. He was very good at explaining every detail of her treatment and what exactly was going on with her. He was there through Surgery and always goes above and beyond. His decisions saved her life. My daughter will be 19 in October and is still going strong thanks to his knowledge and expertise . She is going to college in the Fall and chose a college in Seattle so we could have his knowledge and care right down the road in case anything happens. He is an honorary member of my family and we all love him for what he has done for us.
Pediatric CardiologyPediatrics
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati
Pediatric Cardiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
Cell metabolism, biomedicine, MRI
We also perform research in Kawasaki Disease, which is an inflammatory syndrome attacking coronary arteries in children. Our work includes drug studies in animal models, and pharmacogenomic studies in patients. We are also performing clincial trials in patients. We study cardiac metabolism and the impact of changing substrate utilization on the heart during development and during pathological states such as heart failure and cardiopulmonary bypass. Thyroid regulation of metabolism is a primary interest. Work is translational and progresses from basic benchtop studies to mice to large animals to the bedside.
Cardiac Metabolism, Kawasaki Disease, Pulmonary, Congenital Cardiac Surgery Outcomes, Cardiology
Primary Office
Seattle Children's
RC.2.820 - Cardiology Administration
4800 Sand Point Way NE
Additional Offices
Seattle Children's
RC.2.820 - Cardiology-Heart Ctr
4800 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle Children's Bellevue Clinic and Surgery Center
1500 116th Ave NE
Seattle Children's North Clinic in Everett
1815 13th St
Type the first or last name you are searching for or select a specialty.


text:
Stocks Tumble; Dow Drops Over 200 Points
Equities Post Biggest One-Day Drop Since Feb. 3
The Dow Jones Industrial Average tumbled more than 200 points on Thursday as soft economic data from China and rising tensions in Ukraine helped trigger the biggest one-day drop for U.S. stocks in more than six weeks.
Stocks have struggled to find traction in 2014 after a nearly unimpeded rally last year. Concerns over the true strength of the U.S. economy, turmoil in emerging markets and worries about Federal Reserve policy have kept investors on edge, making them reticent to buy stocks that are near all-time highs....


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Browsing Theses/Dissertations - Chemistry & Biochemistry by Subject "Ion exchange."
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
Synthesis, characterization, and applications of redox-mediated ion exchangers. (2007-12-04)The technology for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass resources to fuels and chemicals has been under development for decades. There are many process configurations for conversion of biomass to ethanol, one of the ...


text:
Find More Science Experiments
The surface layer of liquids has a thin elastic "skin" called surface tension. You can see surface tension at work when you see a drop of water – it creates a little "bead" of water, like a little dome. Surface tension is what makes the dome shape – the water doesn't flatten out. See the drops of water on that leaf? Water is made up of two kinds of atoms, hydrogen and oxygen. The name for the water molecule is H20. The water molecule has 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. Water molecules are attracted to each other because hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms are attracted to each other and hug close together really tight. They hug so close together they don't want to touch other molecules around them. In the picture, you can see that the water drops have formed into balls so that they are touching the smallest amount of leaf possible.
Try this to see surface tension at work:
What You Need:
- bowl
- water
- pepper
- toothpicks
- dish soap
Fill the bowl with water. Sprinkle some pepper on top of the water – see how it just sits there on top of the water? The pepper is resting on that thin "skin" of surface tension. You can also try this with toothpicks – the toothpicks will also just sit on top of the water resting on the thin "skin" of surface tension.
No put a few drops of dish soap in the water with the pepper. What happens? Soap molecules are different than water molecules. Soap molecules DON'T stick together and they DON'T stick to the water molecule. One part of the soap molecule is attracted to water and the other part wants to push water away – that's what makes the pepper, or the toothpicks, scatter. The soap breaks the surface tension that water has, it breaks those bonds between the water molecules.
Here is a fascinating video from space that demonstrates surface tension:
Here are some books and websites to help you explore more about surface tension:
- TryScience: Pepper Scatter
- Exploratorium: Sticky Water
More IndyPL Experiments about Surface Tension:
- IndyPL Kids' Blog: Surface Tension – Soap Bubbles
- IndyPL Kids' Blog: Surface Tension – Sand Castles
Science Experiments that Fly and and Move: Surface Magic (pages 6-7)
Words to Know:
Surface Tension – The film that forms on the surface of liquids caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface.
Cohesion – The attraction between like molecules; to stick together.


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At this time, Nepris does not allow users who are younger that 13 years in age. If you have any questions, email us at email@example.com.
Nepris connects teachers and students with the right industry experts, virtually without having to spend much planning time or leaving the classroom while providing an effective way for companies to extend education outreach and create equity of access.


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The module is not an entire delay but only its core with all anomalies (e.g. cross talk of the internal clock frequency) and its very independent spacey and raw sound which you just might desire.
There are modulation possibilities with invertible polaritiy, a dry/wet control, feedback up to self-oscillation and a feedback loop with insert.
2x audio input, mix out, BBD out
2x audio input, mix out, BBD out
external feedback input
clock input, clock output
2x delay time CV inputs, CV output
3U Eurorack module, 14HP wide, 60mm deep
3U Eurorack module, 14HP wide, 60mm deep
current draw: 80mA
0.25 kg
Article Number
availability ? immediately available
€ 19% VAT excl. €138.66 € 19% VAT incl. €165.00
Excl. 19% VAT, Excl. shippingLieferzeit 1
- » modular systems
- » Eurorack modules
- » sound processors
- » delay, reverb, echo
- » Manufacturer: Doepfer
- » Manufacturer


text: Dr. King delivers this speech at the State Capitol of Georgia protesting the legislation refusal to seat black politician Julian Bond. King calls this a "grave injustice" particularly since the state legislature of Georgia considers itself protecting the United States Constitution. Dr. King points out the irony of this act and exposes other irresponsible actions of the legislature.


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A look at the deaths related to the massive snowstorm that blanketed the Northeast in 1 to 3 feet of snow and battered the coastline with high winds and some flooding.
— A 73-year-old man fell while cleaning up in Danbury and later died.
— 49-year-old man in Shelton apparently suffered a "medical event" while shoveling snow.
— A man was found dead in a driveway in Bridgeport. His body was discovered under snow.
— A woman in her 80s who was clearing snow Friday in Prospect was fatally struck by a hit-and-run driver.
— Gov. Dannel P. Malloy said five people died; details were not immediately available on the fifth death.
— A 75-year-old man disoriented by whiteout conditions crashed into a tree in Passadumkeag, then drove his pickup onto the Penobscot River. The submerged truck was found Sunday.
— A boy who took shelter in a snowed-in car in Boston while his father shoveled around it died of carbon monoxide poisoning. Authorities said he was 13 or 14.
— A man in Boston's Mattapan neighborhood also died of carbon monoxide poisoning in a running, snowed-in car.
— A 60-year-old Webster man, who was a 32-year-member of the Worcester Fire Department, suffered a heart attack and died at a hospital after shoveling snow at his Webster home.
— A 23-year-old man plowing his driveway with a farm tractor went off the edge of the road and was killed in Columbia County.
— A driver lost control in snowy conditions in Poughkeepsie and fatally struck a 74-year-old man.
— A 58-year-old man apparently suffered a medical problem while removing snow from his car at a senior citizens' apartment complex in Selden on Long Island.
— An 80-year-old woman in Hamilton collapsed while shoveling her driveway.
— A 49-year-old Oshawa man was killed as a result of a multi-vehicle collision in Pickering, east of Toronto, on Friday.
— A 57-year-old Ottawa man died when his car crashed in blizzard conditions near Prescott, Ontario.
Sources: Law enforcement, government officials, AP reporting


text:
Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
Those looking to vote in the Village of Lewiston on their way home from work should take note: Those who live in districts 1, 3 and 13, and who plan to cast their ballot at Lewiston Volunteer Fire Co. No. 1, can enter at the back of the firehall (North Fifth Street, behind First Niagara Bank). The front of the building is currently under construction.


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General Comments: Futures were higher on follow through speculative buying. Trends remain up on the charts. Production estimates have been lowered for Brazil this week to provide a fundamental reason to buy. India also might have production problems as the monsoon has been slow to recede. Traders also note the increased potential for more crop losses in Brazil and other countries due to rains in the forecast for this week. The rains have cut yields in Brazil and could do the same in India as the monsoon there has been very slow to recede. There is talk of increased offers from India and Thailand, and Thai differentials have been under some pressure in recent weeks, but are stable so far this week. Thailand expects more production this year, and is actively offering their supplies into the world market. India and Brazil are the same, so Sugar should be available at good prices for buyers.
Overnight News: Brazil could see scattered showers and moderate temperatures. .
Chart Trends: Trends in New York are up with objectives of 1880, 1940, and 1980 March. Support is at 1825, 1815, and 1790 March, and resistance is at 1870, 1880, and 1910 March. Trends in London are mixed to up with objectives of 473.00 and 499.00 December. Support is at 487.00, 478.00, and 476.50 December, and resistance is at 500.00, 504.00, and 508.00 December.
General Comments: Futures closed moderately higher after a quiet session Traders are watching the weather for clues on crop potential as the harvest comes closer. The weather looks to be good for most of the week, but some showers could appear again on Friday and into the weekend. Traders also heard about monsoon rains in India that are slow to withdraw this year. The extra rains could really hurt quality there, and maybe yields. Worries about Chinese production are also heard after some big typhoons passed near important production areas. Some short covering was noted on ideas that the crop is less than expected in the US, in part due to the recent big rains. US crop conditions right now are generally good with moderate to warm temperatures and dry conditions in the forecast for Texas this week and dry weather in the forecast for the Delta and Southeast. Some showers are possible in all areas by this weekend to slow harvest down and possibly create some quality concerns. Moves higher today could set the stage for a new leg higher on the charts.
Overnight News: The Delta and Southeast will see mostly dry weather, but showers should develop on the Delta on Friday and over the weekend in the Southeast. Temperatures will average above normal. Texas will see dry weather. Temperatures will average above normal this week and below normal this weekend. The USDA spot price is not available today. ICE said that certified Cotton stocks are now 0.011 million bales, from 0.011 million yesterday.
Chart Trends: Trends in Cotton are mixed to up with objectives of 8940 and 9300 December. Support is at 85.80, 85.50, and 84.60 December, with resistance of 87.70, 87.85, and 89.40 December.
Next page: Orange juice, Coffee and Cocoa


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Henry J. Labrecque
Labrecque–– Henry J., 84 of Barton, VT died suddenly on December 7, 2012. Calling hours will be on Wednesday, December 12, 2012 from 5 to 8 pm, and Thursday December 13, 2012 from 9:30-10:30 a.m. at the Curtis-Britch-Converse-Rushford Funeral Home, 12 Elm St. in Barton, VT. Funeral services will be held at St. Pauls Catholic Church in Barton on Thursday, December 13, 2012 at 11 a.m. Father Tim Naples will be officiating. In lieu of flowers, donations may be made to the St. Paul's Building Fund, 85 St. Pauls Lane, Barton, VT 05822. Online condolences may be sent to the family through the funeral home website at www.curtis-britch.com. Arrangements are entrusted to the care of Curtis-Britch-Converse-Rushford Funeral Home, locally family owned and operated.
For the full obituary see Monday's Express.


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West End Studio Tour 2011
During the show, one piece by each artist is also shown at WallSpace Gallery on Richmond Road. This year I included the "Tree and Shadow" which is the first image in this gallery.
A preview that was also on display at WestFest (June 10, 11 & 12, 2011). At WestFest the display by the West End Studio Tour promotes the fall Tour. Each artist shows one piece of artwork. This year I showed photograph titled Man and Tree, shot at Monte Alban near Oaxaca, Mexico. It is the second image on this page.The West End Studio Tour display at WestFest is found every year in the Chapel of All Saints' Anglican Church in Westboro.
There is a video clip with information on the WEST 2011 line-up of artists. Click here for more information.


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Faith In Nature Anti-Bacterial Bathroom Cleaner - 5 litre
Faith In Nature »Product code: 243824
Purchase Options
Earn 166 reward points on this item In Stock : Available for despatch next working dayGift wrap available
Product Description
Powerful and natural with anti-bacterial properties, this bathroom cleaner spray is suitable for wash basins, vanity units, toilets, cisterns, toilet seats, tiles, taps and all bathing and showering areas. Leaving surfaces sparkling clean, this formulation can cut through soap scum, dirt and limescale. Effective against E.coli, Salmonella, Listeria and other bacteria on all hard, non-porous surfaces.
Derived from natural plant materials. Kills 99.9% of bacteria.
Product Ethics & Tags
The Faith In Nature Anti-Bacterial Bathroom Cleaner - 5 litre product ethics are indicated below. To learn more about these product ethics and to see related products, follow the links below.
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About Faith In Nature
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Please see our Despatch & Delivery page for more information on delivery areas, services and charges.


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Thank you for your interest in the Divinity School!
We look forward to meeting you and learning more about your plans for graduate study in religion. On these pages you will find information about the application process and eligibility, tuition and financial aid, the intellectual and social lives of the school, and how to connect with us in Chicago or on the road. Use the traditional menu to the left, or the visual quick links below, to navigate.
Join Our Mailing List. The best way to learn more about the Divinity School and stay current on recruitment events and application updates is to register for our admissions announcements list. Registering means you will receive periodic updates about recruitment events in Chicago and elsewhere, as well as relevant notifications about application procedures and timelines. Importantly, we will never share your information with persons beyond the orbit of graduate admissions at the University of Chicago.
8/8: The application is closed for testing today.
PhD students apply in December—MA and MDiv students in January—for matriculation the following autumn quarter. (The Divinity School accepts AMRS applications on a rolling basis, and AMRS students may begin study in autumn, winter, or spring quarter.) The Committee on Admissions and Aid considers applications in January and February, and releases admissions decisions and financial aid offers at the beginning of March. To open an application, click on the icon to the right, and you will be directed to the registration page for the online system.
Visit Us. The Divinity School welcomes and encourages prospective students to visit campus. The best way to get a feel for what it is like to live and work in the Divinity School community is to drop in on the conversation in progress. Prospective students may observe current classes and speak with current students, faculty in their area of interest, and an admissions representative. Clicking on the visual link to the right will take you to our visit page, where you will find information about scheduling an in-person visit or a virtual admissions appointment via Skype. Alternatively, you may want to proceed directly to the Campus Visit Request Form.
Ask a Question. If you have questions regarding admissions—including the application process and eligibility—or about which degree program is right for you, browse our Frequently Asked Questions pages or contact us at email@example.com.


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Difference between revisions of "Udev provides a means of dynamically creating devices in /dev"
(No difference)
Revision as of 23:47, 22 July 2006
Udev provides a means of dynamically creating devices in /dev.
Kernnel 2.6 and above. However, I have also had this working on 2.4.20
Installation and configuration
To install, under Debian distribution, type:
apt-get install udev
This also requires the legacy hotplug but this is slowly being removed.
udev establishes a directory /etc/udev. Within this are the configration files and rules for udev. The configuration file udev.conf can be left as installed. The rules (udev.rules and directory rules.d) will be left to the user to edit depending on the devices being used. The rules detail what is to happen on detection of certain hardware types. Descriptions can use manufacturers names or device code, pretty much anything really and wild cards can also be used. This can then indicate what kernel modules are required, permissions and launched scripts.
Another directory, /etc/dev.d is also created. This contains directorys pertaining to the type of device, say block for a scsi based device. This directory contains a file (extension of .dev) which is the script that is auto run on detection of the device. This script will perform actions depending on if the device has been 'added' or 'removed'.
Example uses
For 'hotplug' USB devices, install usbmount:
apt-get install usbmount
This installs a udev script at /etc/dev.d/block/usbmount.dev and also a bash script in /usr/sbin. A configuration file is used to determine where the media is to be mounted, defaults to /media/usb1..9. udev will auto-detect the drive and the usbmount script will mount each detected partition at /media/usb1, /media/usb2, ... On removal, the drive will be un-mounted and the device node removed.


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Kelly Layman
Executive Director of Communications
(850) 245--466
PRESS RELEASE: Florida Board of Governors scheduled to select Florida Polytechnic University's charter trustees at June regular business meeting
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE—June 5, 2012
Florida Board of Governors scheduled to select
Florida Polytechnic University's charter trustees
at June regular business meeting
Board of Governors appoints 5, Florida Governor appoints 6,
with 1 faculty, 1 student to serve by designation – for 13 total
54 apply for 5 BOT members to be selected by Florida Board of Governors
TALLHASSEE, Fla.—The Board of Governors of the State University System of Florida has concluded the application process to establish the charter Board of Trustees for Florida Polytechnic University in Lakeland. With 54 applications at Monday's deadline, the committee chair tasked with review of all applicants said everything is on track to announce five of 13 total appointments at the Board's regularly scheduled business meeting in two weeks.
"With many members of the Board of Governors assisting, I look forward to the comprehensive process we now undertake in order to select and bring our proposed nominees to the Board at its very next meeting," said Chair Mori Hosseini of Daytona Beach, who is Vice Chair of the Board of Governors, and Chair of the Trustee Nominating and Development Committee, which oversees the trustee selection process. "These charter members have a unique responsibility to work with the Board of Governors in designing a new approach to higher education from a new perspective that emulates the 'polytechnic' model successful in other states and countries."
The meeting agendas during the three days of the Board's regular business meeting in June are posted as finalized at www.flbog.edu. The Trustee Nominating & Development Committee is expected to be a committee that meets on the third and final day – so the committee votes and the full Board's business meeting may occur on the same day.
The 54 applicants to the Board of Governors are listed down below.
Applicants, by law, do not need to live within close proximity of a Florida public university to serve as a member of any Board of Trustees.
According to state law (112.312, F.S.), trustees cannot serve in public offices on a dual basis; the Board of Governors and Boards of Trustees are considered governing boards as outlined in statute. The same statute addresses potential conflicts of interest that must be avoided with appointments.
Florida Gov. Rick Scott on April 20 signed legislation that "effective upon signature" created Florida Polytechnic University as a new institution in the State University System of Florida (Senate Bill 1994). The legislation includes certain benchmarks to be achieved by Dec. 31, 2016. These benchmarks in the signed legislation initially were created by the Board of Governors in November 2011 after months of discussion, several meetings, and without a specific deadline (http://www.flbog.edu/pressroom/news.php?id=421):
- achieve accreditation from the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.
- initiate the development of the new programs in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics;
- seek discipline-specific accreditation for programs;
- attain a minimum FTE (student headcount or full-time equivalent enrollment) of 1,244, with a minimum 50 percent of that FTE in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, and 20 percent in programs related to those fields;
- complete facilities and infrastructure, including the Science and Technology Building, Phase I of the Wellness Center, and a residence hall or halls containing no fewer than 190 beds; and
- have the ability to provide, either directly or where feasible through a shared services model, administration of financial aid, admissions, student support, information technology, and finance and accounting with an internal audit function.
Chair Hosseini's committee selects, evaluates, vets and nominates finalists to the Board of Governors for full panel consideration. All applicants are subject to a prior background check, which is standard practice. Once appointed, Board of Trustees members serve until the Florida Senate's separate confirmation process during the next immediate Regular Session of the Legislature.
"There are very complex and very real challenges for these charter members as they set a strategy to 'break the mold,' meet the benchmarks and open the doors," said Board of Governors Chair Dean Colson of Miami. "Yet there is also a remarkable opportunity for unprecedented achievements."
State University System Chancellor Frank Brogan – who is not directly involved in selecting appointees – said this marks a milestone for the State University System.
"We can have an institution dedicated to delivering curricula in a technology-rich environment, and the Board members are all committed to the success of this start-up – yet it cannot just be the new Board of Trustees, the Board of Governors, and the talented university staff and bright students. It will take the entire state and its leadership to make this a success on the legislation's timetable," Brogan said.
Each institution in the State University System has a 13-member Board of Trustees responsible for cost-effective policy, and for implementing and maintaining high-quality education programs consistent with the university's mission. The Boards of Trustees also are responsible to meet state policy, budgeting and education standards.
The Governor appoints six members to each Board of Trustees, and the Board of Governors appoints five members. The leader of the Faculty Senate serves or his/her designee, as well as the Student Body President of the university. More about the Boards of Trustees and the Board of Governors' appointments to establish staggered terms can be found here: www.flbog.edu/aboutsus/ubt.php.
For more about the Board of Governors, see www.flbog.edu.
Facts about the State University System of Florida and the Florida Board of Governors
The State University System of Florida is governed by a 17-member Board of Governors, a constitutional body and led by appointed public servants. The System has 12 universities and a total enrollment of nearly 330,000 students, making it the second-largest public university system in the nation in terms of enrollment (some states have more than one university system). The Florida Constitution (Article IX, Section 7) was amended by the state's voters in 2002 to establish a statewide system of governance for all Florida public universities. As a result, the Florida Board of Governors was created in 2003 to oversee the State University System of Florida. Responsibilities include defining the distinctive mission of each institution and ensuring the well-planned coordination and operation of the System. The Board's 17 members include 14 appointed by the Governor, with three serving by virtue of their designations (a faculty member, a Florida Student Association student representative, and the Florida Commissioner of Education). The Board of Governors appoints a Chancellor who serves as the chief executive and administrative officer of the State University System. For more, including the Board's Annual Accountability Report that reflects important measurements for the System, see www.flbog.edu. The Board of Governors also released its 2025 Strategic Plan for the System in November 2011, also available from the home page of the web site.
LIST – 54 applicants for Board of Governors' appointments to Florida Polytechnic University's Board of Trustees:
1. Alford Carol C. 05/30/12 Lakeland, FL Internal Auditor, Hillsborough Community College
2. Allen Eric Keith 05/31/12 Lakeland, FL Attorney, Law Offices of Eric Allen
3. Armstrong Jack David 05/31/12 Ft. Lauderdale, FL President, Broward College
4. Bach Tim J. 05/07/12 Apopka, FL President/Owner of Patterson/ Bach Communications Advertising Agency
5. Bacon Gregory Allen 05/31/12 Indianapolis, IN Application Specialist, Auralex Acoustics
6. Block Trudy Alice 05/30/12 Polk City, FL City Councilor, City of Polk City
7. Brame Roderic Ian 05/30/12 Land O Lakes, FL Program Director/Assistant Professor, Florida Polytechnic Univ.
8. Brown Joshua Keith 05/25/12 Auburndale, FL Attorney w/Peterson/Myers
9. Buetow Curtis J. 05/30/12 Davenport, FL Engineering Manager w/Powerteam Generation
10. Clark Gary E. 05/29/12 Lakeland, FL Independent Consultant w/CPS Investment Advisors, Financial Services
11. Clark Ronald Lyle 06/01/12 Lakeland, FL Attorney and Chairman Clark, Campbell and Lancaster P.A.
12. Cloud Thomas Alexander 05/17/12 Orlando, FL Attorney/Partner w/Gray Robinson
13. Clyne Kyle Taylor 06/04/12 Lakeland, FL Senior Project Manager, Canco General Contractors
14. Dicks John Larry 5/31/12 Plant City, FL Attorney of Counsel, Trinkle Redman
15. Duncan Ann Wilkins 05/31/12 Tarpon Springs, FL President/Founder Vertical Integration, Inc.
16. Emst Robert Elliott 05/29/12 Auburndale, FL Business Analyst w/Pallet One, Inc., Manufacturing
17. English Robert F. 05/25/12 Lakeland, FL CEO of Valiant Products, Manufacturing
18. Evans Jonathan Edward 05/30/12 Oldsmar, FL Assistant to the City Manager, City of Largo
19. Evans Mygnon Champion 06/01/12 Lakeland, FL Attorney/Owner Mygnon Evans Law Office
20. Featherman Sandra Green 05/30/12 Highland Beach, FL Retired; past President of the University of New England
21. Fleming John Edward 06/01/12 Winter Haven, FL President, Phoenix Industries, LLC
22. Gambrell Carroll Blake 05/30/12 Lakeland, FL Retired the last 5 years; Ph.D in Engineering
23. Gardner Robert LeGrande 05/29/12 Lakeland, FL Ph.D from Virginia Polytechnic Institute; current instructor at Florida Polytechnic University
24. Grasse James Martin 06/01/12 Lakeland, FL Deleware North Corporation, Concessions
25. Griffith Winston Nichols 05/31/12 Tallahassee, FL Program Specialist, Leon County Schools
26. Hallion, Jr Richard Paul 05/17/12 Shalimar, FL Research Associate in Aeronautics, National Air & Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution
27. Hatcher Neysa Hope 05/31/12 Winter Haven, FL Inspector in Charge, United States Dept. of Agriculture
28. Hemsath Klaus H. 06/04/12 Palmetto, FL Retired; CEO of Indugas, Inc., Engineering Company;
29. Hendricks Johe Wayne 05/31/12 Sarasota, FL Managing Partner, Strategic Technologies
30. Kincart Robert Owen 05/25/12 Lakeland, FL Scientist/President of American Compliance Technology, Science & Engineering
31. Kimberlin Ralph Dace 05/31/12 Winter Haven, FL Retired Professor and Consultant
32. Lewis Charles Alan 05/30/12 Carrabelle, FL Consultant, SANA, LC, Medical Technology
33. Martin Frank Thomas 05/31/12 Clermont, FL Senior Vice President, Atkins North America
34. Oldt Thomas Roe 05/29/12 Winter Haven, FL President/Registered Principal of Thomas Oldt Investment Services, Investment Advisory/Asset Management
35. O'Toole Neal Lawrence 06/04/12 Lakeland, FL Attorney; Partner, Lilly, O'Toole & Brown; Managing Member, Central Florida Mediation Group
36. Pittman Terry Eugene 05/30/12 Eagle Lake, FL CEO of Business Builders of America
37. Raymond Maurice A. 05/29/12 Lakeland, FL Retired – Ph.D in Polymer Chemistry from UF; last position was Director of Research & Dev. w/Rhone-Poulenc, Chemical in 1995
38. Rezendes, II Joseph 05/30/12 Safety Harbor, FL Senior Security Analyst at Franklin Templeton, Inc., Financial Services
39. Rhodes Deborah Lynn 05/31/12 Lakeland, FL Adjunct Instructor, Palomar College
40. Riddle Kenneth Leon 05/31/12 Lakeland, FL Supervisor of Chemical Programs, Lakeland Electric
41. Robinson James David 05/30/12 Lakeland, FL President/CEO DSM Technology Consultants
42. Roeser, Jr. John Franklin 05/30/12 Davenport, FL Retired; past Group Vice President at Howard Johnson Company; past Vice President American Can Company; currently Park Event Operations at Walt Disney World
43. Russo Christopher David 05/29/12 Auburndale, FL Attorney w/Moody Law, P.A.
44. Sanoba Gregory A. 05/31/12 Lakeland, FL President/Owner The Sanoba Law Firm
45. Sapp Michael Scott 05/30/12 Spring Hill, FL Chief Financial Officer, Girl Scouts of West Central FL
46 Scaringe Robert Peter 05/10/12 Rockledge, FL President/CEO of Mainstream Engineering Corp.; R&D/Manufacturing
47. Shaheen Richard Labib 05/25/12 Jupiter, FL Senior Director Engineering & Technical Services; Fla. Power & Light
48. Shannon John Hugh 05/31/12 Lakeland, FL Attorney, John Hugh Shannon, P.A.
49. Sommer Douglas Dean 06/01/12 Lakeland, FL Independent Contractor, ITW, QMI, Wynn's
50. Strickland Eugene Swaney 06/01/12 Lakeland, FL City Manager, City of Lakeland
51. Thompson Jonathan Wade 05/25/12 Lakeland, FL Physical Therapist; currently Director of Operations at Bond Clinic in Winter Haven
52. Ullman Patricia Daphne 06/04/12 Tampa, FL CPA; Principal, The Pearl Group, Inc., consulting
53. Vila Adis Maria 06/04/12 USAF Academy, CO Chief Diversity Officer, USAF Academy, CO
54. Wilson Donald Herbert 05/31/12 Homeland, FL Partner/Attorney w/Boswell & Dunlap


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Browse Museums and Historic Sites
Apple River Fort State Historic SiteElizabeth
The Apple River Fort was the site of an important battle during the Black Hawk War. It was the only fort attacked by Black Hawk during the turbulent [...] »
Appomattox Court House National Historical Park [VA]Appomattox
The Appomattox Court House National Historical Park commemorates the official surrender of the Confederate Army, through General Robert E. Lee, to [...] »
Aquarius No. 1 Fire Museum [NH]Peterborough
The Aquarius No. 1 Fire Museum presents the firefighting history of Peterborough, NH via equipment and fire engines used in the area in the 19th and [...] »
Arab American Museum [MI]Dearborn
The Arab American Museum, according to its website, "is the first museum in the world devoted to Arab American history and culture." The museum [...] »
Arcadia Historical Museum [MI]Arcadia
The Arcadia Historical Museum presents the history of Arcadia, Michigan and the surrounding area. The museum is housed within an 1884 Victorian home [...] »
Architectural Heritage Center [OR]Portland
The Center is a nonprofit resource center and showcase for historic preservation. It offers a wide range of education programs and exhibits to help [...] »
Ardenwood Historic Farm [CA]Fremont
Ardenwood Historic Farm is the historic home of George Washington Patterson. Patterson came west in 1849 during the gold rush to seek his fortune; [...] »
Arizona History MuseumTucson
From the Arizona Historical Society website: "The Arizona History Museum's focus is southern Arizona history from Spanish colonial through [...] »
Arizona State MuseumTucson
The Arizona State Museum documents the history and culture of native Southwestern peoples, and houses the largest collection of Southwestern pottery [...] »
Arkansas Historic Preservation ProgramLittle Rock
The Arkansas Historic Preservation Program seeks to preserve architecture and cultural resources relevant to state history. The program offers [...] »