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Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering
Print version ISSN 1678-5878
J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. & Eng. vol.34 no.3 Rio de Janeiro July/Sept. 2012
Study of water entry of circular cylinder by using analytical and numerical solutions
Parviz GhadimiI; Abbas DashtimaneshII; Seyed Reza DjeddiIII
IAmirkabir University of Technology, Department of Marine Technology, Tehran, Iran, firstname.lastname@example.com
IIAmirkabir University of Technology, Department of Marine Technology, Tehran, Iran, firstname.lastname@example.com
IIISharif University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tehran, Iran, email@example.com
Water impact phenomenon in the case of a circular cylinder is an important issue in offshore industry where cross members may be in the splash zone of the incident wave. An analytical method as well as a numerical solution are employed to study the water entry problem of a circular section. The procedure for derivation of the analytical formulas is demonstrated step by step. The volume of fluid (VOF) simulation of the water entry problem is also performed to offer comparison of the results of the linearized analytical solution with a fully nonlinear and viscous fluid flow solution. To achieve this, the FLOW-3D code is utilized. Some consideration has also been given to the points of intersection of the free surface and the body, where the singularities exist in the free surface deformation and velocities, as predicted by the linear theory. These singularities appear to be avoided in the real fluid by the formation of jets which quickly break up into sprays under the action of surface tension. Slamming force, free surface profile, impact force, pressure distribution and evolution of intersection points are also presented and comparisons of the obtained results against the results of previous studies illustrate favorable agreements.
Keywords: circular section, analytical method, FLOW-3D, impact force, intersection point
When an object falls into the water, an impact force is generated on the body surface. Bluff bodies impacting on water surface experience a heavy impulsive pressure. This may cause extreme damage on the marine structure. Due to the critical importance of this phenomenon, the water entry problem has been pursued by many researchers.
Von Karman (1929) and Wagner (1932) were the first people who presented an analytical work on this subject. They theoretically developed formulas by using asymptotic theory. However, their work was for the case of wedge section. Later, the slamming loads on the circular members, which can cause damage on the various marine structures, was a motivation for the experimental and theoretical studies by Faltinsen et al. (1977).
The water entry of circular section has been investigated by a limited number of researchers. Here, the most important works that are presented in the literature are reviewed. A corresponding process of the impacting circular section on the water waves is a rapid water entry of circular cylinders into initially calm water. If the variation along the length of the cylinder is discounted, a two-dimensional problem in the cross plane can be considered (Sun and Faltinsen, 2006). Due to the fact that the classical Wagner model cannot describe the important details of the impact process, some researchers have tried to improve Wagner solution. Important corrections were made with the help of the method of matched asymptotic expansions by Armand and Cointe (1987), Howison et al. (1991), Oliver (2002), Logvinovich (1969) and Korobkin (2004). Different asymptotic models were derived, which compared to the original Wagner model predict the loads on the entering body more accurately. Zhao et al. (1996) solved the boundary-value problem at each time instant by the boundary element method (BEM) and numerically obtained the vertical velocity distribution on the free surface to evaluate the shape of the free surface and the splash-up height at the next time instant. Owing to the flow singularity at the intersection points, the nonlinear Bernoulli equation predicts negative and unbounded pressures close to these points. Zhao et al. (1996) suggested integration of the hydrodynamic pressure distribution only over the part of the wetted surface where the pressure is positive. Within the same approach, analytical results were obtained by Mei et al. (1999) for the entry problems of a wedge, a circular cylinder and ship sections of Lewis forms; this is for the problems with known conformal mapping of Schwartz-Christoffel that maps the flow domain onto a half-plane. The boundary-value problems of the generalized Wagner solution are much simpler than those within the original formulation, making the approach very attractive in practice. This scheme is utilized in this paper.
Another analytical model of water entry was developed by Vorus (1996). The model was fully novel. The geometrical nonlinearity of the impact problem was neglected but the nonlinearity in the boundary conditions was considered. By using this condition at the intersection point where the hydrodynamic pressure is zero, positions of the intersection points can be evaluated. Obtaining numerical results based on Vorus model by Xu (1998) were in good agreement with the experimental data.
In the case of a rigid circular section, the free surface will initially change very rapidly. Therefore, the exact solution of the water entry is an intricate procedure. It can also be due to the fact that the water entry process may involve many complicated effects such as air cavity, flow separation, breaking waves. Actually, the rate of change of the wetted surface is initially infinite according to Wagner (1932). In this situation, the approximate solutions such as flat plate theories (Faltinsen, 1990) may often be used in practice. To find the accurate solution of the problem with fully nonlinear free surface conditions, numerical methods have to be used. Greenhow (1988) studied the water entry of a rigid circular cylinder by using a boundary element method based on Cauchy's theorem. However, the calculations needed to be refined and the flow separation model needed to be improved to be more stable. The water entry of a rigid circular cylinder was studied by Zhu et al. (2007) which used a constrained interpolation profile (CIP) method. The time history of the body motion and the evolution of the free surface contours were well predicted except at the initial time due to the infinite rate of change of the wetted surface. Sun and Faltinsen (2006) developed a two dimensional boundary element code to simulate the water flow and pressure distribution during the water impact of the horizontal circular cylinder. They satisfied the exact free surface boundary conditions. The non-viscous flow separation on the curved surface of the cylinder was simulated by merging a local analytical solution with the numerical method.
The present study is motivated by the work of Zhao et al. (1996) and Mei et al. (1999), but it is focused on the derivation of analytical formulas and by performing a comparison between linear and nonlinear solutions. In order to accomplish this task, the numerical solution is also adopted based on VOF method for which the FLOW-3D code is utilized. Some considerations have been given to the points of intersection of the free surface and the body, where the confluence of boundary condition can cause singularities in the free surface displacement and velocities, as expected by linear theory. Slamming force, free surface profile, impact force, pressure distribution and evolution of intersection point are also computed. Analytical solutions and numerical results are compared against the results of previous studies.
|= y-axis lies on the undisturbed water surface while the z-axis coincides with the symmetric axis of the body
|= the vertical distance between a point on the body surface and its apex
|= velocity potential
|= time
|= substantial derivative
|= vertical coordinate of a point on the water free surface
|= gravitational acceleration
|= unit outward normal of the body surface
|= water entry velocity
Sa (t )
|= the instantaneous wetted body surface
Y (t )
|= the horizontal coordinate of the intersection point of the body and the free surface
|(y', z')
|= the coordinate system after Galilean transformation
|= dummy time variable
y = l (t )
|= intersection point
v (l , τ )
|= vertical velocity of the fluid particle at y =Y (t )
|= number of discrete points on the body surface
|= unknown coefficients of the Chebyshev polynomial
|= the n-th order Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind
|= the maximum horizontal coordinate of the intersection point in the impact
|= the known coefficients of the Chebyshev polynomial
βn (Y )
|= influence coefficient
|= radius of circular cylinder
|= physical flow plane
|= mapped flow plane
Q = ξ + iζ
= intermediate complex variable
|= dimensionless coefficient
|= real part
|= fluid density
|= pressure
|= pressure coefficient
|= impact force coefficient
|= fluid velocity
|= volume fraction
Analytical Method
A two dimensional impact problem of a rigid body at a constant vertical velocity with an initially calm horizontal water surface is considered. The solid body is assumed to be symmetrical about its axis. In the assumed Cartesian coordinate system (y, z), y-axis lies on the undisturbed water surface, while the z-axis coincides with the symmetric axis of the body (Fig. 1).
To illustrate the body surface, the relation h = H(y) is presented where h denotes the vertical distance between a point on the body surface and its apex. Water is considered to be incompressible and inviscid and flow to be irrotational. Here, the flow is described by a velocity potential that φ satisfies the Laplace's equation with boundary condition in the fluid domain:
There are two free surface boundary conditions involved in the formulation of the problem:
(1) The kinematic boundary condition on the free surface:
(2) The dynamic boundary condition on the free surface:
where denotes the substantial derivative, η represents the vertical coordinate of a point on the water free surface and g is the gravitational acceleration. The effect of possible air trapped between the body and the free surface is ignored and the effect of gravity compared to the body's inertia can be considered negligible. Consequently, the dynamic boundary condition transforms into Eq. (4).
Nonlinear terms in these two boundary conditions are the sources of major difficulty in solving the boundary value problem. Therefore, to overcome this difficulty, Wagner (1932) simplified the dynamic boundary condition as:
This condition is applied on the horizontal line that crosses the intersection point between the body and the free surface z = η ( y , t ) , which basically means that this condition must apply to the horizontal plane passing through the intersection points z = η ( y , t ) , and that the horizontal line is not the exact free surface. To determine the intersection point between the free surface and the body, the kinematic free surface boundary condition is used.
Another boundary condition is the no-flux condition which is imposed on the body surface:
where n is the unit outward normal of the body surface, V is water entry velocity and So (t ) represents the instantaneous wetted body surface. To determine So (t ) , the relation h = H (t )must be known with y < |Y (t )| , where Y (t ) is the horizontal coordinate of the intersection point of the body and the free surface. Another boundary condition is the far field condition as in
For the initial condition, we can write:
Subsequent to finding the velocity potential φ , the pressure on the body is determined by Bernoulli equation and the impact force on the body is obtained by direct integration of the pressure over the wetted body surface.
The boundary value problem for φ must satisfy the Laplace's equation, the kinematic free surface boundary condition, the linearized dynamic free surface boundary condition which is a Dirichlet boundary condition, the Newman body boundary condition, the radiation condition and the initial condition. It must be emphasized that the approximations carried out above are invalid for the flow region where the free surface profile changes sharply. However, for flow near the water intersection point, nonlinearity must be considered.
Analytical solution of boundary value problem
An analytical method for the solution of the linearized water entry problem of circular cylinder will be presented. To solve the Laplace's equation, Eqs. (2), (5), (6) and (7) are implemented, which are known as boundary value problem for the velocity potential φ. It must be emphasized that the approximations made here are invalid for the flow region where the free surface profile changes sharply. The body boundary condition is imposed at the instantaneous position of the body. Since the Dirichlet boundary condition φ = 0 is applied on the free surface z = η(y ) , φ is considered symmetric with respect to z = η(y ) plane. Therefore, the hydrodynamic images method can be used. As a result, the linearized boundary value problem can be considered as a closed body moving in an infinite fluid with a constant downward velocity, V. This fictitious closed body is made of the immersed segment of the real body and its image about the horizontal plane z = η(y ). Therefore, the geometry of this shape depends on Y (t ). It should be noted that the position of the intersection of the body and the free surface, Y (t ) , is a priori unknown, which must simultaneously be solved with the initial boundary value problem. Thus, the velocity potential φ is a function of Y (t ).
When the image method is used, the Galilean transformation can be utilized. Accordingly, we have:
where φ is the velocity potential for uniform flow passing a closed body, and relations between the (y', z') coordinate system and (y, z) coordinate system are:
To solve for φ analytically, the conformal mapping technique is applied, which depends on the body geometry. The best conformal mapping technique that may be used is Schwartz-Christoffel transformation.
Following the work done by Wagner (1932) and Mei et al. (1999), we define the intersection point (Y (t ), H (Y ) -Vt ) as the location where the fluid particle on the free surface meets the body surface for the first time. Due to the usage of the kinematic free surface boundary condition and this definition, the governing equation for the intersection point y = l (t ) is taken to be:
where τ is the dummy time variable and v (l , τ ) is the vertical velocity of the fluid particle at y = Y (t ). Upon using Eq. (9), we have:
Then, we write
Substitution of Eq. (13) into Eq. (11) would yield in
By introducing the variable into Eq. (14) and changing the variable of integration from τ to Y, we will have
If , Eq. (15) becomes
In order to perform the integration, the dependence of the kernel v0 on Y (η) = l must be known. For arbitrary bodies, the dependence of v0 on l is complicated and a closed-form solution for µ(l ) from Eq. (16) cannot be obtained. For bodies with smooth surfaces, the intersection point moves smoothly with time and hence varies smoothly with l. In such cases, we can write an expansion for µ(l ) based on Chebyshev polynomial. The polynomial expansion of Chebyshev is applied to the first N terms to describe µ(Y ) as follows:
where an are the unknown coefficients, Tn represents the n-th order Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind, Ymax is the maximum horizontal coordinate of the intersection point in the impact and bn is
where ckn are the known coefficients of the Chebyshev polynomial Tn (Y ). To determine the unknown coefficients an, Eq. (17) is substituted into Eq. (16) as in
If the influence coefficient βn (Y ) is introduced as
then, Eq. (19) becomes
In the case of a circular cylinder, Eq. (21) must be determined numerically. By applying this equation at N + 1 discrete points on the body surface, a linear system of equation is formed. The resulting system of equation must be solved for an where n = 0, 1, ... N. N can be chosen to be 10, in order to acquire a better accuracy for a circular cylinder (Table 1). In the next section, the water impact of a circular cylinder will be analyzed.
Impact of the circular cylinder
Consider the circular cylinder with radius R. All lengths are normalized with respect to the radius and then R = 1. The lower part of the circle can be defined by . As shown in Fig. 2, Y (t ) is the horizontal coordinate of the intersection point between the body and the free surface.
The boundary condition φ = 0 is applied on z = η ( y ). This implies that the problem is equivalent to the solution of closed body, which moves by constant velocity in the opposite direction of z-axis. The closed body is obtained by imaging the immersed part of body toward the z = η ( y ) or z' = 0. Therefore, the velocity potential φ( y' , z' ,t ) at any instant t describes the vertical uniform flow past (doubly convex) lens of width 2Y(t) and thickness 2h(Y). Finally, closed form solution for φ can be obtained by conformal mapping. The physical flow in the Z-plane is mapped onto a uniform vertical stream in the W-plane through a double conformal mapping:
where Q = ξ + iζ is as intermediate complex variable and dimensionless coefficient ν which is defined as
The planes W, Z and Q are shown in Fig. 3.
Therefore, the velocity potential can be obtained as
where Re means the real part of the expression and the vertical component of the velocity vector may be acquired by the following computations:
Thus, the complex velocity is
The variable V 0( y , l ) at the free surface position and at the Z = y' = 1 → Q = i ζ can be achieved as
The variables ζ and l are related by
The velocity potential is a function of the intersection point between the body and the free surface. The velocity potential can be calculated by solving the boundary value problem, but the intersection point is an unknown which must be obtained.
To determine the unknown value an, the influence coefficient βn (l ) must be determined. By substituting Eq. (26) into Eq. (20), we have
Due to the intricacy of the dependence of v and ζ upon l, the above equation may not be evaluated analytically. Therefore, Eq. (28) must be evaluated numerically for a given value of Y max / R. Equation (21) must be evaluated at N discrete points. To achieve fast convergence, the discrete points must be the extremum of the coefficient of the Chebyshev polynomial. The coefficients an for different value of n are given in Table 1. It is seen that by increasing n, the coefficients an will have no effect.
The present analytical solution can be employed at the very initial time of the impact. In this situation, in order to solve Eq. (28), an asymptotic solution can be obtained. When Vt << 1 , the intersection point will be Y << 1. Therefore, by using Taylor expansion and very small values of l (l << 1), the circular cylinder may be represented as. Based on Eq. (23), we have have v = 1 + O(Y ) . This can lead to
Finally, we can arrive at
which represents the influence coefficient, as pointed out earlier.
Pressure distribution and slamming force
After obtaining the motion of the intersection point, the boundary value solution can now be obtained and substituted in Eq. (24), in order to determine the velocity potential φ. By determining the velocity potential φ, the pressure at any wetted part of the body surface can be evaluated using the Bernoulli's equation, which in terms of the velocity potential φ can be expressed as
In this equation, ρ is the fluid density and the effect of the gravity is ignored. By using Eq. (9) and Eq. (10), it can be concluded that
Hence, after substituting (33) and (32) into (31), the pressure can be written in terms of φ (the velocity potential for the uniform flow passing a closed body) as
Details of the relation may be found in Mei et al. (1999).
Numerical Method
Governing equations
The governing equations for the fluid flow are momentum and continuity, which are as follows:
In order to capture the sharp interface in hydrodynamic two-phase flow problems, the volume of fluid method is employed. The VOF technique uses a color function named Volume Fraction ( α ). A transport equation (37) is then solved for the advection of this scalar, using the velocity field calculated from the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations at the last time step.
Numerical solution of Eq. (37) gives the volume fraction of each phase (i.e. Air and Water) in all computational cells. Distribution of the volume fraction ( α ) is as follows:
Using the volume fraction, an effective fluid with the variable physical properties is introduced:
where subscripts 1 and 2 represent two phases, e.g. Water and Air.
For rigid body motion simulation, a body fitted mesh is used which will follow the body motion over time. This strategy is called the moving grid technique in which the grid velocity will be integrated into the surface fluxes calculated on each control volume face.
The confluence of boundary condition can cause singularities in the free surface displacement and velocities, as anticipated by the linear theory. These singularities appear to be avoided in the real fluid by the formation of jets which quickly break up into sprays under the action of surface tension. Therefore, for including nonlinearity effect in the water impact problem of a circular cylinder, a commercial VOF solver, i.e. FLOW-3D (FLOW-3D Manual, 2009), is employed. The FLOW-3D code applies the FVM (finite volume method) in combination with the volume of fluid solution for free surface flow. VOF is an excellent tool for the simulation of two phase flow which includes water and air in this study. In this numerical scheme, an additional transport equation is solved for the volume percentage of air in each cell. More details of FVM and VOF solution can be found in many reference books and articles (Versteeg and Malalasekera (1995), Jasak (1996), Kleefsman et al. (2005), Rhee et al. (2005), Sicilian (1990), Hirt (2004), and Barkhudarov (2004)).
A circular cylinder of arbitrary radius R and constant falling velocity is considered. The computational domain considered is a semi-circular lower region with radius 8 times larger than the body, and an upper rectangular region extending 3 times the radius of the body, as shown in Fig. 4.
Region surrounding the body is discretized with finer mesh resulting in approximately 75,000 cells. For the sake of boundary conditions, the side walls are treated as planes of symmetry. Vertical velocities are prescribed at the lower inlet implying constant flux and forcing the water rise at the same velocity of the water entry. At the upper outlet, pressure is assumed to be zero, while a no-slip wall condition is imposed on the body surface. The Generalized Minimum Residual (GMRES) pressure-velocity solver and the second order momentum advection scheme are used for the descritization and numerical solution of the governing equations. The initial free-surface level is set in a way that the interface touches the lowest point of the semi-cylinder at t = 0.00 (s). A time step size of 0.01 s is used to catch all detailed information of the solution process. The size of the time step can be controlled and adapted using the stability and convergence criteria during the solution. The dimension of the computational domain is set as such that will significantly decrease the dependency of the solution to the boundary condition. Grid independence studies verify that resolution and lateral extension of the grid are sufficient to make grid errors insignificant.
Results and Comparisons
The vertical water entry of a two-dimensional circular cylinder at constant velocity is computed using both linear analytical solution and fully nonlinear numerical method. Various aspects of water impact of circular section are studied and linear and nonlinear solutions are compared with each other and against the results of previous works. Pressure coefficient (CP), impact force coefficient (CS), free surface profile, contours of pressure and evolution of the intersection point are presented with special considerations given to the motion of the intersection point.
Based on Eqs. (22)-(25) and Eq. (34), the pressure distribution on the wetted body surface can be derived analytically. The obtained analytical expression for pressure should be evaluated numerically to gain the pressure distribution on the wetted part of the body surface. Figure 5 shows the pressure distribution at different time instants during the impact, based on both analytical results and numerical solution. It can be seen that the maximum pressure is initially located near the intersection point and eventually moves to the keel point.
For validation, the impact force on the cylinder which is directly related with pressure distribution is compared against the experimental results of Campbell and Weynberg (1980) and potential flow results based on a finite difference method (Arai, 1995). In the experiment, the cylinder is forced into the water with constant velocities. The comparisons are shown in Fig. 6. The present predictions based on analytical solution lie closer to the experimental results, but the best agreement is achieved by the current numerical findings which agree very well with the experiments. The three-dimensional effects in the experiments produce this small inconsistency.
Snapshots of four configurations at different stages of the penetration are illustrated in Fig. 7. The corresponding pressure contours are also presented in Fig. 8.
From Fig. 5, it is obviously clear that the pressure peak gradually decreases and its effective area increases. Figure 8 shows that the maximum pressure gradient and maximum pressure appear at the spray root. This remains so until the spray detaches.
The obtained free-surface profiles show that the thickness of the jet grows with the local deadrise angle of the impacting body and that, due to the rise up of the water, the wetted part of the cylinder is larger than the penetration measured at the still water level. The numerical simulation is in fact quite similar to that of Greenhow (1988). But all these are not the main concern here, as the purpose of this paper is to provide some understanding about the movement and characteristic of the flow near the intersection point and a comparison between linear and nonlinear solutions. This information can contribute to the physical understanding of the problem, which in turn can play an important role in the development of the numerical codes.
Figure 9 shows position of the intersection point obtained using both analytical solution and numerical method. For comparison, Wagner's solution corresponding to Eq. (30) is also plotted. As expected, the two solutions agree well for a very small period of time, compared to the Wagner's solution, but differ significantly beyond the initial stage of the impact. In particular, Wagner's solution provides much higher speed for motion of the intersection point compared to the results of the two models offered here.
In the problem considered, based on the linear theory, the assumption of the linear free surface boundary condition leads to an unrealistic conclusion that the displacement of liquid particles at the intersection points are unbounded. This implies that the assumption is not valid near the intersection points, where separation of the liquid particles from the cylinder surface occurs. The position of the separation points have to be determined together with the liquid flow and the pressure distribution.
The obtained free surface profile using the VOF solver confirms that the liquid flow near the intersection points is different from that in the main region. Thus, separation effects as well as the gravity must be taken into account. Liquid particles on the body surface, which are initially close to the separation points, can leave the body surface after the motion starts.
The present study focuses on the derivation of analytical formulas for a water entry problem and conducts a comparison between the linear and nonlinear solutions. Accordingly, a numerical solution is also obtained by the FLOW-3D software, a commercial VOF solver. Some attention is also given to the point of intersection between the free surface and the body, where the confluence of boundary condition can cause singularities in the free surface deformation and velocities, as predicted by the linear theory. These singularities appear to be avoided in the real fluid by the formation of jets which quickly break up into sprays under the action of surface tension. It is also understood that the gravity is of major importance near the intersection point. Pressure distribution, slamming force, free surface profile, contours of pressure and the evolution of intersection point are presented. By comparisons between analytical solutions, numerical results and existing previous studies, one can conclude that the numerical findings are more favorable, which is consistent with the expectation that a fully nonlinear model should behave in such a way. On the other hand, a less complicated analytical solution has also shown to be relatively close to the experimental results which may become very useful in some practical situations. Numerical investigation of general bow section may be considered as a future study.
Arai, M., Cheng, L.Y., Inoue, Y., and Miyauchi, T., 1995, "Numerical study of water impact loads on catamarans with asymmetric hulls", in Proc. FAST'95, Travemünde. [ Links ]
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Faltinsen, O.M., 1990, "Sea loads on ships and offshore structures", Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [ Links ]
Faltinsen, O.M., Kjærland, O., Nottveit, A., Vinje, T., 1977, "Water impact loads and dynamic response of horizontal circular cylinders in offshore structures", In: Proc. 9th annual offshore technology conference, Vol. I, pp. 119-25. [ Links ]
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Hirt, C.W., 2004, "Modeling Turbulent Entrainment of Air at a Free Surface", FSI-03-TN61. [ Links ]
Howison, S.D., Ockendon, J.R., Wilson, S.K., 1991, "Incompressible water-entry problems at small deadrise angles", Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 222, pp. 215-230. [ Links ]
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Paper received 2 February 2011
Paper accepted 14 August 2012
Technical Editor: Francisco Cunha


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Toreno's Last Flight
|Toreno's Last Flight
Mike Toreno's helicopter takes off
|GTA San Andreas
|Wu Zi Mu
|Mike Toreno
|Doherty, San Fierro, San Andreas
|Yay Ka-Boom-Boom (with The Da Nang Thang)
|Unlocked by
|Pier 69
Toreno's Last Flight is a mission in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas given to protagonist Carl Johnson by San Fierro Triads leader Wu Zi Mu from Carl's garage in the Doherty district of San Fierro, San Andreas.
Mike Toreno escaped death when Carl and Cesar Vialpando killed T-Bone Mendez and Ryder, but Wu Zi Mu has tracked Toreno down to a Maverick helicopter at the SFPD headquarters.
Carl drives to Downtown and sees Toreno's men guarding the Maverick. Carl kills Toreno's guards and as he approaches the Maverick, it takes off with Toreno on board. Carl collects a Rocket Launcher and/or an M4. The Maverick flies off south with Carl in pursuit. Carl shoots the Maverick out of the sky and kills everyone on board.
Wu Zi Mu (phone): Carl, it's Woozie. I've got some information for ya.
Carl Johnson: Hey Woozie, what's the business?
Wu Zi Mu (phone): My man found that van you were looking for, it's by the helipad downtown.
Carl Johnson: And Toreno?
Wu Zi Mu (phone): Yep, he's there. Apparently he's about to take some merchandise and cut by helicopter. They've already started loading boxes.
Carl Johnson: Something about Toreno don't add up. Holler back if you hear something.
(Carl drives to Downtown, kills Toreno's guards and chases the Maverick, managing to destroy the Maverick whilst it is in flight)
The rewards this mission are $18,000 and an increase in respect. If the mission The Da Nang Thang is done, then the mission Yay Ka-Boom-Boom is unlocked.
Carl Johnson preparing to shoot down Mike Toreno's helicopter with a Sniper Rifle.
Carl Johnson shoots down Mike Toreno's helicopter.
Video Walkthrough
|PC Version - GTASeriesVideos


text:
Our complete series of stories and columns on the Amy Bishop shooting cases in Braintree and Huntsville, Ala.
Our complete series of stories and columns on the Amy Bishop shooting cases in Braintree and Huntsville, Ala.
LANE LAMBERT: Judge, police chief made inquest an ordeal
Courtroom transcripts usually make for pretty dry reading. A murder trial's graphic details can seem matter of fact. But every so often the testimony turns into a Perry Mason-style dramatic script.
Inquest judge questioned former Braintree police chief's claims
Newly-released court documents show Quincy District Court Judge Mark Coven questioned former Braintree Police Chief John Polio about his claim that he played no role in Amy Bishop's release after she fatally shot her teenage brother in 1986.
Bishop wants murder trial here
In a new Norfolk County court filing, Amy Bishop says she wants a trial to prove that her brother Seth Bishop's 1986 shooting death was accidental
Case closed, but questions remain
Now that Amy Bishop has been sentenced to life in an Alabama prison, some questions about her case may never be answered.
Life in prison for Bishop
Amy Bishop was sentenced to life in prison without parole Monday after being convicted of going on a shooting rampage during a faculty meeting at an Alabama university, killing three colleagues and wounding three others in 2010.
Defense attorneys say plea not surprising
Facing the death penalty and a prosecution with clear-cut case facts, the accused Alabama murderer and her attorney had plenty of reasons to take a plea deal, South Shore attorneys said. Bishop will spend the rest of her life in prison.
Bishop pleads guilty in Alabama, evades death penalty
Braintree native Amy Bishop made a surprise guilty plea to capital murder on Tuesday afternoon in Huntsville, Ala. She'll spend the rest of her life in prison, but will not face the death penalty for killing three people. She is unlikely to ever return to Massachusetts to face trial for killing her brother in 1986.
MORE COVERAGE FROM THE HUNTSVILLE TIMESPlea follows stunning crime, history of violence Victims say plea spares survivors pain of a long trial A tale of triumph and violent failure
Alabama court refuses payment bid
The Alabama Supreme Court has refused to make the state pay for mental screenings for Amy Bishop's defense.
Trial now set for Sept. 10
Braintree native Amy Bishop's triple murder trial in Alabama was scheduled to begin Monday. A judge there has rescheduled it while her attorneys make another appeal for advance payments for expert witnesses to testify about her mental state. Bishop is charged with shooting to death three University of Alabama in Huntsville colleagues in February 2010.
Amy Bishop's Alabama murder trial postponed
Amy Bishop's March 19 Alabama murder trial has been postponed. The Braintree native was scheduled to go on trial March 19 on three murder charges, but an Alabama judge has approved a delay that her defense attorneys requested.
Lawyers seek delay
Finances are threatening to delay the trial of a university professor charged with killing three colleagues – the second time in a year that money issues have gotten in the way of a high-profile Alabama murder case.
Father says house break-in traumatized Bishop
The Seth Bishop inquest has no surprises about Amy Bishop's 1986 fatal shooting of her teenage brother. But it does provide vivid detail about the shooting -- and the role her mother Judith Bishop played as an eyewitness and later, when her daughter was arrested.
Parents defend Bishop in killing of brother
The mother and father of accused murderer Amy Bishop defended her at an inquest into the death of their son Seth conducted in 2010. No charges were filed after Seth Bishop's death 25 years ago, but Bishop was charged with murder after the inquest.
Judge says parts of inquest transcript should be released
Norfolk County Superior Court Judge Kenneth Fishman ruled Thursday that portions of the transcript for the 1986 shooting death should be made public. But he's keeping the formal inquest report sealed.
Bishop says release of inquest report would prejudice her case
Amy Bishop wants to keep the inquest report on her brother Seth Bishop's 1986 shooting death closed for one simple reason: She says the report will prejudice her Alabama murder trial if it's made public.
COMMENTARY: How unsealing records could benefit defense
Could the state Supreme Judicial Court's ruling to unseal the Seth Bishop inquest report help Amy Bishop's murder defense? One expert says it might – by supporting the argument for an insanity plea.
Court says inquest must be made public
The state supreme court ruled Tuesday that the inquest report on Amy Bishop's fatal shooting of her brother Seth Bishop in 1986 should be made public.
Trial set for March in Alabama
Braintree native Amy Bishop will go on trial March 19 for the killing of three University of Alabama-Huntsville professors, Madison County Circuit Judge Alan Mann said Thursday morning.
Bishop enters insanity plea in Alabama murder case
A former biology professor accused of killing three colleagues and wounding three others during a faculty meeting at the University of Alabama in Huntsville pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity Thursday in the shootings.
Bishop fights to keep inquest report sealed
The state's highest court on Tuesday will hear a request to unseal the records of an inquest into the fatal shooting of Seth Bishop in Braintree in 1987.
Pre-trial hearings will be open
A judge has ordered that pretrial court hearings in the Amy Bishop capital murder case will be open to the public, but isn't reversing his earlier order to seal the court records from public view.
Alabama judge seals file
The judge in the Amy Bishop murder case in Alabama has sealed the court file in the case, effectively closing the case to public scrutiny. The Braintree native and former University of Alabama biology professor is charged with going on a shooting spree in February 2010 that killed three of her colleagues and wounded three others.
Officers honored for service during Ala. shootings
The first police officers who responded to a shooting rampage at the University of Alabama have been recognized for bravery.
Bishop won't be charged in 1993 Boston mail bomb attempt
Amy Bishop, who was charged in February with the University of Alabama-Huntsville shootings and in June with her brother's 1986 killing in Braintree, won't be charged in an attempted mail-bombing in Boston 17 years ago.
JOHN P. KIVLAN: Murphy still warping facts to fit her version of Bishop probe
Wendy Murphy, in her latest column on the Bishop case, continues to refuse to honestly address facts.
WENDY J. MURPHY: Amy Bishop and more bull from the Bills
My June 23 column on the Amy Bishop case finally provoked spokespersons (both on the public payroll) for Bill Delahunt and Bill Keating to respond, albeit with mostly distracting insults about me rather than answers to tough questions
OPINION: Judges, juries should be able to exercise compassion without forfeiting justice
The specter of insanity defenses in three pending cases of local interest should prompt the Legislature to revisit a state law that unnecessarily force us to choose between mercy and justice.
WENDY J. MURPHY: It will take a judge with guts to get beyond stone wall in Bishop case
Whoop-tee-do – Norfolk District Attorney Bill Keating won a murder indictment against Amy Bishop for the death of her brother Seth in 1986.
Source: Bishop attempts suicide in jail
The biology professor charged with killing three Alabama university colleagues in a shooting rampage attempted suicide in jail early Friday, a source with knowledge of the case told The Associated Press.
Judge decides not to release inquest
A Norfolk County court judge has turned down a newspaper's request to release the contents on an inquest examining how authorities' handled the investigation into Amy Bishop's fatal shooting of her brother Seth 24 years ago in Braintree.
Bishop's parents: 'What happened to Seth was an accident'
The day after a grand jury indicted their daughter on charges of murdering their son, Sam and Judy Bishop released a statement condemning the indictment. "We know that what happened 23 years ago to our son, Seth, was an accident," the Bishops' statement reads. "Despite all the finger pointing among local police, state police, and the District Attorney's Office, there is no evidence that Seth's death was not an accident."
Keating: 'Justice was not served'
Presented with evidence that had gathered dust for nearly 24 years, a Norfolk County grand jury indicted Amy Bishop on a first-degree murder charge in the 1986 shooting of her teenage brother in Braintree. "In Massachusetts we have evidence that there was a murder," Norfolk District Attorney William Keating told reporters gathered at his office in Canton. Addressing the handling of the old investigation, Keating said, "Jobs were not done. Responsibilities were not met. Justice was not served."
Amy Bishop indicted after 24 years for brother's shooting
A Norfolk County grand jury has indicted Amy Bishop on a first-degree murder charge in the 1986 shooting of her teenage brother Seth in Braintree. Bishop will stand trial for murder unless she's convicted and sentenced to death in another shooting, an alleged rampage at the University of Alabama Huntsville that left three dead. Meanwhile, questions remain – at least for the public – over whether Braintree police and the district attorney's office mishandled the old investigation. What do you think: Has justice been served by this 24-year-old indictment?
Norfolk County grand jury examines '86 killing by Amy Bishop
A grand jury has been convened in Dedham to hear evidence in the 1986 shooting death of the brother of a former university professor accused in Alabama of killing three colleagues. Retired Braintree police chief John Polio said he and his wife, who worked in an administrative position in the police department, have been subpoenaed to testify before a grand jury.
Amy Bishop inquest is over but judge keeps it secret for now
An inquest report by Judge Mark Coven into the 1986 death of Seth Bishop in Braintree has been finalized and ordered impounded. The report was delivered on Tuesday to Norfolk Superior Court in Dedham, Joan Kenney, spokeswoman for the Massachusetts Trial Court, said.
Before Alabama shooting, Amy Bishop was far from home
The Alabama neighborhood where Amy Bishop, her husband James Anderson and their children moved in 2003 is very different from the leafy street lined with Victorian-era homes near Braintree Square where Bishop grew up. Yet the communities are drawn together by a pair of tragedies.
Testimony in Bishop shooting inquest concludes
Following a three-day inquest, a judge is preparing to decide whether Amy Bishop should have been arrested for shooting her 18-year-old brother to death on Dec. 6, 1986, in the family's Braintree home.
Inquest into 1986 death of Seth Bishop over
Testimony in an inquest looking into the death of Seth Bishop of Braintree in 1986 ends; judge expected to issue his findings in a report to the Superior Court in about a month.
Ex-Braintree police chief testifies during Bishop inquest
Retired Braintree Police Chief John Polio has testified as part of the inquest into the shooting death of Seth Bishop in 1986, but he isn't talking about what he said.
Witness describes shotgun confrontation with Amy Bishop at inquest
A day at work turned into a face-to-face confrontation with a shotgun-wielding woman for Tom Pettigrew. At an inquest ongoing at Quincy District Court to investigate the 1986 shooting death of Seth Bishop of Braintree, Pettigrew described to a judge and Norfolk County officials how he became involved in the case when Seth's sister Amy bumped into him and threatened him with a shotgun.
Investigator: Gun was bought for Bishop's husband
The gun used to kill three people during a faculty meeting at an Alabama university was bought for suspect Amy Bishop's husband two decades ago when he said he was having problems with a neighbor, an investigator testified Tuesday.
Alabama grand jury to get Bishop case
Braintree native Amy Bishop, 45, appeared in a courtroom in Madison County in Alabama Tuesday morning for a brief hearing. A judge ruled there is probable cause to believe Bishop shot and killed three of her colleagues at the Univeristy of Alabama-Huntsville on Feb. 12 and wounded three others.
Bomb squad called to Bishop's home
Police searching Amy Bishop's home in Alabama called in a bomb squad after finding a suspected pipe bomb.
Inquest scheduled for April
A Quincy judge has set aside four days in April for a judicial inquest to determine whether Amy Bishop murdered her brother in a 1986 Braintree shooting that investigators at the time ruled accidental. Bishop is now accused of killing three people and wounding three others during a Feb. 12 shooting rampage at the University of Alabama in Huntsville.
Braintree's handling of Bishop shooting not grounds for suit, legal expert says
The Boston attorney who helped win millions for Big Dig collapse victim Milena Del Valle's husband and children says there are too many barriers for wrongful death suits stemming from the Amy Bishop case in Braintree in 1986.
Bishop insists 1986 shooting was accidental
From her jail cell in Alabama, Amy Bishop has heard of the reignited interest in the 1986 shooting death of her brother, Seth, which she insists was "a pure accident," her lawyer said.
Keating calls for inquest into shooting of Seth Bishop
Norfolk District Attorney William Keating announced Thursday afternoon that he has requested and inquest into the 1986 shooting death of Seth Bishop in Braintree.
WENDY J. MURPHY: Delahunt cannot pass buck on botched Bishop investigation
U.S. Rep. William Delahunt has exacerbated public suspicion over the 1986 Amy Bishop investigation and raised new questions about HIS role in the decision to set Bishop free.
U.S. attorney Ortiz reviewing '93 Bishop mail bombing case
The U.S. Attorney's office in Boston is reviewing its 1993 probe of an attempted mail bombing in which authorities questioned a professor recently accused of killing three colleagues in Alabama.
Delahunt says Bishop case won't sway his re-election decision
U.S. Rep. William Delahunt says the controversy over how his office handled the 1986 Amy Bishop case won't play into his decision to run for re-election. And local political experts from both parties said they don't believe the Quincy politician's involvement in the case 20 years will prove politically damaging.
Delahunt blames Braintree in police in '86 shooting
With his term expiring, U.S. Rep. William Delahunt is weighing his political future. But it was his distant past – an investigation nearly a quarter century ago – that had him standing before a pack of reporters and photographers in his congressional office.
Delahunt: DA not responsible for Bishop investigation lapses
U.S. Rep. William Delahunt, the former district attorney whose office investigated the fatal 1986 shooting of Seth Bishop by his sister Amy, said Monday he does not feel his office "bears any responsibility" for Bishop being freed without charges. With video and audio.
Former neighbor: Bishop 'needs to pay' for Alabama shootings
Neighbor Debbie Kosarick feels Amy Bishop's fatal shooting of 18-year-old Seth in 1986 was an accident. She doesn't feel the same way about what happened Feb. 12 at the University of Alabama at Huntsville, where Amy Bishop is charged with shooting six of her colleagues on the school's faculty, killing three.
EDITORIAL: Damage to public trust mandates new Bishop probe
A week of revelations about accused Alabama killer Amy Bishop's violent past in Massachusetts has created a story with more plot twists and intriguing characters than an episode of "Criminal Minds."
Amy Bishop's sanity at issue
Could biology professor Amy Bishop have been so enraged that she doesn't remember killing three colleagues and wounding three others during a shooting rampage at an Alabama university? It's possible, but not likely, according to local experts.
Bishop family recalled Seth in 1986 interview
On Dec. 6, Seth Bishop was going Christmas shopping with his mother Judy, his father Sam and his sister Amy. He was carrying in groceries before the trip when a gun went off, killing him. His family reflected on the tragedy in this 18986 interview with the Braintree Forum.
Columnist Wendy Murphy makes her case against Amy Bishop
Patriot Ledger columnist Wendy Murphy, a leading victims rights advocate and nationally recognized television legal analyst, recently made her arguments in a Daily Beast column for pursuing a murder charge against Amy Bishop for the 1986 shot-gun slaying of her brother.
Bishop case opens 1980s wounds in Braintree
The 1986 saga involving Amy Bishop this week revealed bubbling frustration in the Braintree Police Department over the handling of the case. Remarks by Police Chief Paul Frazier left a host of officials – from retired Chief John V. Polio to U.S. Rep. William Delahunt, the former Norfolk County district attorney – blindsided and unprepared for the scrutiny that has followed.
Police shooting and murder hampered Bishop investigation, former chief says
The former Braintree police chief under scrutiny for how his department handled the 1986 fatal shooting by Amy Bishop said that officers were busy with two other high-profile cases at the same time which hampered the Bishop investigation.
Braintree mayor: Town will 'learn' from Bishop probe
Mayor Joseph Sullivan issued the following statement Friday, related to the controversy surrounding Amy Bishop. Bishop allegedly shot and killed three people in Alabama last week, over 23 years after she shot and killed her brother Seth inside their Hollis Avenue home. That 1986 Braintree shooting – and how law enforcement authorities handled it at the time – has been subject of intense interest of late.
Braintree Police Chief John Polio: As enigmatic as he is enduring
On Dec. 17, 1984, the Patriot Ledger ran an extensive profile on then Braintree Chief of Police John Polio. Polio led the department through tumultuous times, including numerous murder investigations, the arrest of several members of his department, the firebombing of his own police cruiser and then the 1986 fatal shooting of Seth Bishop by his sister, Amy, two years after this story ran.
DA probes Bishop investigation for 'elements of criminality'
Norfolk District Attorney William Keating said his office is probing the botched investigation of the 1986 Amy Bishop shooting to find out if "elements of criminality" were involved.
Attorney: Amy Bishop is likely insane, can't recall shootings
An Alabama college professor accused of killing three colleagues during a faculty meeting is likely insane, and she can't remember the shootings, her attorney said.
Memorial held for slain professor remembered as 'father figure'
A biology department chairman gunned down at a faculty meeting was remembered Thursday as a father figure who cared deeply about his students, the kind of professor who kept his office door open in case they needed to talk about personal problems. Mourners hugged and cried Thursday at a memorial service for Gopi K. Podila, 52, slain last week at the University of Alabama in Huntsville along with two colleagues.
Newton doctor calls for 'thorough investigation' into Bishop, shooting
A doctor who had been one of Amy Bishop instructors during her doctoral studies said a "thorough investigation" is needed to assure "no one else (is) victimized by such senseless violence."
Amy Bishop's mother went to bat for Braintree police captain at 1986 town meeting
When a veteran Braintree police captain sought town meeting approval in 1986 to stall his mandatory retirement, Judith Bishop was among the town meeting members to support him. A Patriot Ledger article published on May 14, 1986, quoted Bishop voicing her support for Capt. Charles Solimini at the spring town meeting vote.
Friends recall a 'brilliant young man'
Dan Shaw can't drive past the time capsule in front of town hall without thinking about his friend Seth Bishop. Inside the time capsule is a drawing Bishop did when he was a student at the Hollis Elementary School. The capsule is scheduled to be opened in 2076, the nation's 300th birthday. Shaw recalls telling Bishop, "We'll all be long gone, and your art will still be in the time capsule." Bishop has been gone for more than 23 years now, shot by his sister Amy in the kitchen of the family's Hollis Avenue home on Dec. 6, 1986. Authorities ruled the shooting accidental.
Delahunt says he remembers little of shooting
U.S. Rep. William Delahunt, a Quincy Democrat who was the lead prosecutor when a suspected university shooter killed her brother in 1986, says he has a very limited memory of the case.
Students had complained about Bishop
Students banded together to let administrators know something wasn't quite right about Professor Amy Bishop. She taught by reading straight out of the textbook, never made eye contact and liked to remind people constantly that she went to Harvard.
Attorneys say it would be 'difficult' to reopen '86 case
The Norfolk County district attorney says the statute of limitations has expired on several charges that could have been bought against Amy Bishop for shooting her brother and pointing a shotgun at two men in 1986.
Police reports describe armed standoff after '86 Bishop shooting
Amy Bishop walked up to a car dealer's body shop with a loaded shotgun and a demand: the keys to a getaway car, right away. According to newly released police reports, Bishop ran from her Hollis Avenue home after shooting her brother in December 1986 with one shell in the gun's chamber and another in her pocket.
University colleague saved lives during gun rampage
Joseph Ng, an associate professor who worked with Amy Bishop in the biology department at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, was in the cramped faculty conference room when gunfire erupted Friday afternoon during a monthly meeting.
Bishop could've faced criminal charges in '86
Minutes before her younger brother was pronounced dead, Amy Bishop sat in a Braintree police station booking room and – after being read her rights – started talking. The 20-year-old woman told Lt. James R. Sullivan there had been a family "spat." Afterward, she decided to practice loading her father's shotgun in case of "robbers." Bishop described accidentally shooting her 18-year-old brother, Seth, in the chest and denied it had been intentional.
Who was responsible for charging Bishop in '86?
The former Braintree police chief and the former top prosecutor in the Norfolk District attorney's office differ on who should have brought charges against Amy Bishop for fleeing the scene with a shotgun after shooting her brother.
Missing records found in Bishop shooting
It's too late for criminal charges against Amy Bishop for the 1986 shooting of her brother, Seth, and the aftermath of the incident, the Norfolk District Attorney's office said last night. The conclusion was reached after a review of original police reports of the incident, which had been thought to be missing.
Survivor of Ala. slayings says Bishop shot methodically
A professor who survived a deadly university shooting rampage said the colleague charged in the attack methodically shot her victims in the head until the gun apparently jammed and she was pushed out of the room. Associate professor Joseph Ng told The Associated Press on Tuesday he was one of 12 people at a biology department meeting Friday at the University of Alabama-Huntsville. He described the details in an e-mail to a colleague at the University of California-Irvine.
VIDEO: Braintree ex-chief now doubts Bishop police report
There are new questions about the former Massachusetts woman who is at the center of a campus killing spree in Alabama. Amy Bishop shot and killed her brother in the Bay State more than 20 years ago in a shooting that was ruled accidental. During the weekend, the former police chief in Braintree dismissed any allegations that the Bishop case was mishandled in 1986. Now, he appears to be changing his tune.
VIDEO: Amy Bishop's friend calls triple murder charges 'surprising and tragic'
Amy Bishop gave only glimpses of a violent past and flashes of triple murder charges lying in her future, said a longtime friend who met Bishop in local writer's group 11 years ago. "The Amy I knew was impulsive, very sweet, very funny and very helpful," said Hamilton resident Rob Dinsmoor, a freelance science writer and editor. "I'm also learning a lot more about her. Things she never disclosed."
Bishop husband says wife practiced shooting
An Alabama professor practiced at a shooting range not long before police say she gunned down three colleagues and wounded three others during a faculty meeting, her husband said.
Man says Bishop sought a getaway car after '86 shooting
A Quincy man said Amy Bishop tried to steal a car at gunpoint from a Braintree auto body shop minutes after her brother Seth was shot in 1986. Thomas Pettigrew told WCVB-TV Channel 5 Monday he and a co-worker were confronted by Bishop. Pettigrew said Bishop held a shotgun to his chest. "She was like, 'Hands up' So, of course, right away, we both put our hands up and she was like, 'I need a car,'" Pettigrew told WCVB-TV.
Alleged shooter Bishop went largely unnoticed at Braintree High
In a high school class of nearly 600 students, Amy Bishop didn't really stand out. At Braintree High School, Amy Bishop was known for her intelligence and playing the violin. Now she is charged with capital murder and attempted murder for shooting six colleagues at the University of Alabama-Huntsville on Friday. Three of her fellow professors were killed.
Amy Bishop was upset over tenure denial, quiet about her past
Amy Bishop kept quiet about a violent episode in her past around colleagues and students at the University of Alabama in Huntsville. But there was one personal issue she didn't mind loudly complaining about: being denied tenure.
Former Braintree police chief Polio blindsided by Frazier charges
Late Saturday afternoon, Polio and his family were suddenly besieged by the media, who had raced from a press conference called by Police Chief Paul Frazier. Chief Frazier said Amy Bishop, charged with the shooting deaths of three professors at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, Ala., had been involved in the shooting death of her brother, Seth, in 1986 in Braintree. Files on the Bishop case were missing from the Braintree files, Chief Frazier said, who added that some police officers were extremely upset when the death was ruled accidental in 1986.
Bishop recalled as a 'brilliant' person; no indications of violence
Amy Bishop was recognized as very bright from an early age, and although shy, she gave no signs of being troubled or capable of violence. Town Councilor Charles Kokoros, who went to school with Bishop from kindergarten on, remembers a girl who was "extremely bright."
VIDEO: Ex-chief: Report clears Braintree in 1986 shooting case
Files found late Saturday have answered some questions about why Amy Bishop, charged in the shooting deaths of three professors at the University of Alabama at Huntsville, Ala., was investigated and let go after the 1986 shooting death of her 18-year-old brother at their Braintree home.
Braintree mayor's statement on Amy Bishop
Mayor Joseph Sullivan released a statement on Sunday, through the town's police department, regarding the 1986 shooting and subsequent investigation involving Amy Bishop.
Braintree police chief's statement on '86 Amy Bishop case
Braintree Police Chief Paul Frazier released a statement about the 1986 case involving Amy Bishop in Huntsville, Ala.
From the Archives: 'Sister kills teenager in shotgun accident'
Read the original story published on Page 1 of the Patriot Ledger on Dec. 8, 1986.


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Protecting Your Child's Privacy Online
The Internet can be a wonderful resource for kids. They can go online to get help with their homework. They can learn about distant times and places, or play online games. Unfortunately, for some kids, "the information superhighway" can lead to trouble. Kids could expose their families to identity theft. A wrong turn on the Web could lead to a loss of innocence or result in physical harm. The following tips can help you keep your child safe in the online world.
Make the Internet a Family Affair
- Before letting your kids go online, talk to them about the rules of the road for the information superhighway. You want to be sure it leads to safe, appropriate content.
- Surf the Internet with your child, especially at first.
- Explain to your kids that they should never give personal information on a Web site without first getting your permission. Personal information includes names, phone numbers, addresses, age or birth date, interests or hobbies, passwords and credit card numbers.
- Let your kids know that providing personal information to the wrong person online could be dangerous.
Privacy Is the Best Policy
- Find and read the privacy policy on a Web site before giving up any personal information. Look for how the site will use and protect the personal information. Make sure you trust the site before you let your child spend time on it or give information on it.1
- California law requires a commercial Web site that collects personal information to post a privacy policy. The policy must list the kinds of personal information the site collects. It must also tell if it shares that information with outside companies and the kinds of companies it shares with.2
- A federal law requires Web sites to have a parent's permission before collecting any personal information from children under 13.3
- You can give your consent to the collection of your child's personal information and still say "no" to having the information shared with a third party.
Learn More About Online Privacy and Safety
- The California Department of Justice's Online Privacy Web page has information on state and federal online privacy laws, tips on reading privacy policies, and useful links to other information, at www.oag.ca.gov/privacy/online-privacy.
- The California Coalition on Children's Internet Safety's Web site contains safety tips and links to a wide range of resources for parents, teachers, and community organizations at Cybersafety.ca.gov.
- The Federal Trade Commission has information on online privacy for parents, teachers and kids on their Children's Privacy Web page.
- A group of non-profit privacy organizations headed by the Center for Democracy and Technology has information on kids' privacy in their online Consumer Privacy Guide.
- Teenangels, a group of teenage volunteers who have been specially trained, runs programs in schools on responsible and safe Internet surfing for younger kids, parents and teachers. Their Web site has information for kids, teens, and parents.
- Wired Safety, an Internet safety, help and education organization, has information to help people of all ages with things that can go wrong online.
- Fine more infromation on our Online Child Safety web pages.
1 See our How to Read a Privacy Policy, available on our Online Privacy web page. Back to link 1
2 The Online Privacy Protection Act, California Business and Professions Code §§ 22575-22579. Back to link 2
3 The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, 16 C.F.R. § 312.5. Back to link 3
This fact sheet is for informational purposes and should not be construed as legal advice or as policy of the State of California. If you want advice on a particular case, you should consult an attorney or other expert. The fact sheet may be copied, if (1) the meaning of the copied text is not changed or misrepresented, (2) credit is given to the California Department of Justice, and (3) all copies are distributed free of charge.


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Longtime political activist running for House seatLongtime political activist running for House seat
"Running for State Representative is something I've always been interested in and I thought that this was the right opportunity at the right time," says K. Joseph Shekarchi, a local attorney who has qualified to run for State Representative in District 23. "Being a state representative, to me, is an important role and I feel I can fulfill that role very well. I feel like I can be effective."
The current District 23 state rep Robert Flaherty is not seeking re-election but has endorsed Shekarchi, a fellow Democrat. John Falkowski, a Republican, will oppose him.
Shekarchi, a lifelong resident of Warwick who said he "declared the last day at the last hour," has been practicing law at his own firm at 33 College Hill Road near Kent Hospital for more than 15 years. He said he has been instrumental in expanding Warwick's tax base and has helped create jobs in that time.
"I'm proud of my accomplishments with Washington Trust Bank – for bringing two branch locations to the city – the two Lowe's locations, not to mention helping to expand Balise, and bringing a Balise facility to Jefferson Boulevard," he said.
The Balise expansion alone is an $8 million investment for the city.
"I know how to make things work," he said with confidence. "Running for office, for me, isn't about ego or the position or title – it's about getting things done [and] I think I can get things done. I have a record that proves that. Warwick pays a lot of taxes into state government [and] I want to make sure Warwick gets it's fair share of taxes."
Additionally, Shekarchi is proud of his accomplishments in relation to T.F. Green Airport, as he served as the attorney for the Rhode Island Airport Corporation (RIAC).
"I was hired and in 60 days the City Council went from an 8-0 vote against expansion to a 9-0 vote in favor of expansion with a comprehensive community benefits agreement," he said.
The airport, said Shekarchi, whether residents like it or not, is going to be a part of growth in the future. Therefore, he plans to ensure that the airport maintains its "good neighbor status."
Moreover, he is interested in making sure senior citizens are protected. He said he plans to make it a priority to help seniors stay in their own homes.
"Senior citizens are the lifeblood of our community [and] we need to provide and continue to provide clean, safe, affordable housing for senior citizens," Shekarchi said. "They pay their fair share of taxes. They should be provided with their fair share of services from the city as well."
Shekarchi attended Randall Holden Elementary School, as well as Hoxsie Elementary School, Mount St. Charles High School and Suffolk University, where he earned a Bachelor's degree in government. He graduated from Suffolk University Law School in 1990.
He has been the lawyer for the Warwick Housing Authority for the last 15 years, served as lawyer for the Kent County Courthouse, was briefly the Warwick City Solicitor, the Director of Legislation for the late and former Governor Bruce Sundlun and worked on the campaigns of former Mayor Charles Donovan and General Treasurer Gina M. Raimondo.
Working with Raimondo, he said, was "wonderful."
"She's an unbelievable, talented person with an incredible amount of energy," said Shekarchi. "She's all about getting things done and that's the kind of candidate I want to be. I want to be known as a representative who accomplished a lot for the city of Warwick. I want to make Warwick the best place to live in the state of Rhode Island. I'm ready to do the job and do the job well."
Raimondo thinks he has what it takes to do just that.
"Joe is a get-things-done guy," she said in an email exchange. "He is a wonderful person, a talented lawyer and a friend. Joe is committed to serving his community and state. He will be a tireless advocate for the city of Warwick in the General Assembly."
Mayor Scott Avedisian agrees.
"Joe has the ability to bring both parties together," he said. "It was very encouraging what he was able to do with the Rhode Island Airport Corporation and the City Council. He's a good candidate."


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I once did a post called "My Thoughts on Britney Spears," which for some reason I can't find in our archives, at a time when she was in the news. It set the record as shortest blog post ever. I don't have anything to say about Michael Jackson, either; his career mostly coincided with a period in which I wasn't listening to popular music and I never thought much about him one way or another. He did, however, figure in one of my favorite sports jokes:
Q: What do Dick Stuart (first baseman, one of the worst fielders of all time, known as "Dr. Strangeglove") and Michael Jackson have in common?
A: They both wear a glove on one hand for no apparent reason.


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Christine Mary Beerworth
Beerworth–– Christine Mary of Jay, Vermont passed away December 12, 2012 in Newport, VT. Friends may call from 6-8 p.m. on Friday, December 14, 2012 at the Curtis-Britch-Converse-Rushford Funeral Home, 37 LAKE ROAD, Newport, VT. Funeral services will be held at 11 a.m. on Saturday, December 15, 2012 at St. Vincent de Paul Catholic Church in North Troy, VT where a Mass of Christian burial will be celebrated by Rev. Ladislaus Mwelinde. Interment will follow in Jay Cemetery, Jay, VT. Should friends desire, contributions in her memory may be made in her memory to N.O.R.D. for Restricted Funds for Stiff Person Syndrome, 55 Kenosia Ave., Danbury, CT 06810. Online condolences may be sent to the family through the funeral home website at www.curtis-britch.com. Arrangements are entrusted to the care of Curtis-Britch-Converse-Rushford Funeral Home, locally family owned and operated.
For the full obituary see Friday's Express.


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Extra: Rod Pritchard, Director of Marketing and Public Relations
(319) 399-8605 or email@example.com
2009-03-19 15:50:12 - General
The spring Festival of Bands concerts at Coe College will feature more than 500 musicians of all ages from across eastern Iowa, April 2, 4 and 5. The Coe College Festival of Bands has grown to become one of the largest non-competitive events of its kind in the state.
Featured ensembles performing during the event include the Kirkwood Community College Concert Band, the Coe College Gold Jazz Ensemble, the Coe College Concert Band, the New Horizons Band, and honor bands featuring elementary, middle school and high school students. The concerts are sponsored by Coe College and The Cedar Rapids Symphony School.
This year's guest composer/conductor is Robert W. Smith, one of the most popular and prolific composers of concert band and orchestral literature in America today. He has over 600 publications in print with the majority composed and arranged through his long association with Warner Bros. Publications and the Belwin catalog. As a conductor and clinician, Smith has performed throughout the United States, Canada, Japan, Europe and Australia. Several of Smith's compositions will be performed by the bands during the weekend's concerts.
The specific events are as follows:
Thursday, April 2 - Kirkwood Community College Concert Band, directed by Beth Zamzow, and the New Horizons Band, directed by Alan Lawrence, at 8 p.m. in Sinclair Auditorium. Admission is free.
Saturday, April 4 - Elementary School Honor Band Concert featuring guest composer/conductor Robert Smith and guest conductor Kevin Makinster, at 4 p.m. in Sinclair Auditorium. Tickets are available at the door for $5, $3 for students and seniors.
This marks the seventh time elementary honor band students have been selected to perform at Coe College, which makes it a unique event in the state. Students in grades four through six will be playing in two separate bands, which are designated as the Coe College Crimson Elementary Honor Band and the Coe College Gold Elementary Honor Band.
Saturday, April 4 - Festival of Bands Grand Finale Concert featuring the Coe College Concert Band directed by William Carson, with special guest composer/conductor Robert Smith, at 8 p.m. in Sinclair Auditorium. Tickets are $5 for adults and $3 for students and seniors, and are available at the door.
Sunday, April 5 - Coe College Junior and Senior Honor Bands Concert, directed by David Law and William Carson, with special guest composer/conductor Robert Smith, at 4 p.m. in Sinclair Auditorium. In addition, the Coe College Jazz Ensemble, under the direction of Steve Shanley, will perform. Tickets are $6 for adults and $4 for students and seniors, available at the door.
The Junior and Senior Honor Bands program offers a supplemental band experience for select local young musicians from middle school through high school. Students audition for membership each fall and rehearse for several weeks before presenting winter and spring concerts.
Additional information about the guest conductor/composer is as follows:
Robert W. Smith is one of the most popular and prolific composers of concert band and orchestral literature in America today. He has over 600 publications in print with the majority composed and arranged through his long association with Warner Bros. Publications and the Belwin catalog. He is currently published exclusively by the C.L. Barnhouse Company and serves as the director of product development for C.L. Barnhouse and Walking Frog Records.
Smith's credits include many compositions and productions in all areas of the music field. His original works for winds and percussion have been programmed by countless military, university, high school, and middle school bands throughout the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, South America and Asia. His "Symphony #1" (The Divine Comedy), "Symphony #2" (The Odyssey) and "Africa: Ceremony, Song and Ritual" have received worldwide critical acclaim. His educational compositions such as "The Tempest," "Encanto," and "The Great Locomotive Chase" have become standards for developing bands throughout the world.
Smith's numerous works for orchestras of all levels are currently some of the most popular repertoire available today. His music has received extensive airplay on major network television as well as inclusion in multiple motion pictures. From professional ensembles such as the United States Navy Band and the Atlanta Symphony to school bands and orchestras throughout the world, his music speaks to audiences in any concert setting.
As a conductor and clinician, Smith has performed throughout the United States, Canada, Japan, Europe and Australia. He is the principal conductor of the American Symphonic Winds and the American Festival Philharmonic Orchestra, professional recording ensembles based in Washington D.C. He is currently working on the production of "Symphony No. 3" (Don Quixote), the fourth in a series of compact disc recordings of his best-known works for concert band. In addition, he is co-creator of the Expressions Music Curriculum. This comprehensive Pre-K through 12 music program includes Band Expressions, an innovative new approach to teaching music through the band.
Smith is currently teaching at Troy University in Troy, Ala. His teaching responsibilities are focused in music composition, production, publishing and business. In addition, he is a managing partner and conductor/producer for American Audio Unlimited, an audio production company specializing in recordings for concert band and orchestra.
For more information on Festival of Bands events, contact the Coe Music Department at 399-8521.
The musical selections for the concerts are as follows:
Saturday, April 4 - Elementary Honor Bands, 4 p.m.
Coe College Crimson Elementary Honor Band
Program selected from:
Anasazi - John Edmondson
Bossa Blue - Barrie Gott
Pirates' Cave - Mark Williams
The Sword of Kings - Robert W. Smith
Valiance - Robert W. Smith
At Daybreak - Robert W. Smith
Coe College Gold Elementary Honor Band
Program selected from:
Drummin' Surf-ari - Ed Huckeby
Leader of the Class - Ed Huckeby
Advance Guard - Jerry Nowak
Ultimatum - Robert W. Smith
Lullaby for Band - Robert W. Smith
Triton Fanfare - Robert W. Smith
Saturday, April 4 - Grand Finale Concert, 8 p.m.
Scenes from the Louvre - Norman Dello Joio
In Memory of the Composer (1913-2008)
I. Portals
V. Final
William Byrd Suite - Gordon Jacob
I. Earle of Oxford's March
First Suite in Eb for Military Band - Gustav Holst
On the 100th anniversary of its composition
I. Chaconne
II. Intermezzo
III. March
Variations on an Original Theme ("Enigma Variations") - Edward Elgar, arr. Slocum
IX. Nimrod
Grand Serenade for an Awful Lot of Winds and Percussion - P.D.Q. Bach
I. Grand Entrance
II. Simply Grand Minuet
III. Romance in the Grand Manner
IV. Rondo Mucho Grando
Symphony No. 3, "Don Quixote" - Robert W. Smith
I. The Quest
II. Dulcinea
III. Sancho and the Windmills
IV. The Illumination
conducted by the composer
Sunday, April 5 - Honor Bands with Coe College Jazz Ensemble, 4 p.m.
Coe College Junior Honor Band
David Law, conductor
Ionosphere - Dwight Beckham
Paradox - Michael Story
Ye Banks and Braes o' Bonnie Doon - arr. Michael Sweeney
El Espiritu du Valencia - Robert W. Smith
Fiesta La Vida - Robert W. Smith
Coe College Senior Honor Band
William S. Carson, conductor
Sea Songs - Ralph Vaughn-Williams
Festival Fanfare - Franco Cesarini
Solaris - Robert W. Smith
Symphony of Souls - Robert W. Smith
Coe College Jazz Ensemble
Steve Shanley, director
Blue Miles - Chick Corea, arr. Bob Washut
Uppin' Adam - Fred Sturm
Splanky - Neal Hefti, arr. Sammy Nestico
Mambo De Memo - Matt Harris, featuring Al Naylor, trumpet


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An excellent opportunity has arisen for a rapidly expanding organisation based in the borders who are looking for a Commercial Solicitor.
This will suit someone 2 yrs PQE who has a strong commercial background. Duties and responsibilities include reviewing, negotiating and drafting commercial contracts, working closely with compliance and risk management teams, ensuring the business complies with legal and regulatory obligations and establishing a robust contract management system.
Whoever joins will be part of an expanding legal team reporting to the Head of Legal. The client is very much looking for someone proactive, go-getting and who will fit into a fast-paced organisation that has experienced rapid growth over the past few years.
The client wants a Commercial Solicitor who will enable commercial developments across the business by providing legal solutions on a range of legal, commercial and operational issues.
If you are looking for an exciting opportunity to make your mark in a fast growing organisation, you should apply now!
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Musical Affirmations Volume 4 Complete Album Download (62:02)
Artist: Nirinjan Kaur
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Ek Ong Kar is for vitality and communication. Used for Tantric Yoga around the world, this is a powerful album that is very popular. The calling is for excellence of life. One of the Lyrics gives us this beautiful message: "In the walk of life, in the dance of life, we all kiss the pranic breath. In the total surroundings of our wonderful world, we are born to find our depth. We have to walk on the path of the self to find our own grace. My inner knows a feeling in feelings. The knowledge of the universe."
Used for White Tantric Yoga Worldwide
The voice of Nirinjan Kaur has a rare quality that is soothing, meditative, and truthful. The ancient traditional chants are enhanced with English lyrics written by Yogi Ji, master of white tantric yoga and Kundalini Yoga. These lyrics contain the essence of the ancient chants and together, the two languages create a powerful synergy. This is truly therapy music for its pure effect on mind and soul.
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Musical Affirmations Volume 3 Complete Album Download (62:02) $11.98
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Peace of Mind Complete Album Download $11.98


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Satin Smooth Scarlet Berry Hard Wax with Acai The formulation of the New Scarlet Berry Wax makes it great for hair removal and is ideal for fine to coarse hair. It features acai, considered the ultimate "beauty berry" by skin care professionals. It has a pleasing, fruity aroma, spreads thinly and easily and works well on all parts of the body .Dermatologist tested This fresh, new wax is also available in soft wax formulations (276-0348). This is a no strip disposable wax.


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Democratic candidates Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders are wrestling for the title Wall Street Reformer in Chief...
There is a "sucker punch" aspect of this entire episode, that has been used in the past, that makes it doubly despicable. The now dead open records issue was so completely outrageous and unexpected that it served its intended purpose – to draw attention away from the many other very contentious and controversial aspects of this budget. And that was exactly what Walker and the majority Republicans wanted to happen.
--Jay Heck, Common Cause in Wisconsin


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posted by Eugenia Loli on Sun 13th May 2007 00:35 UTC, submitted by Luis
What's eating the battery life of my Linux laptop? Which software component causes the most power to be consumed? These are important questions without a good answer... until now. Intel announced the PowerTOP tool, a program that collects the various pieces of information from your system and presents an overview of how well your laptop is doing in terms of power savings. A number of apps, like Firefox, Evolution and Gaim have been modified by Intel to help consume less power and hopefully these patches will be integrated to their main trees or by distros.


text:
Sussex Downs College held its annual awards ceremony at the Grand Hotel in Eastbourne (Thursday 5 January) to honour and recognise outstanding student success.
The evening celebrated students' achievements from across the college and also acted as a showcase for students' work through displays…Continue
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The Fluminense striker struck early in each half, the first a scrappy affair and the second a neat curled finish.
Neymar fired home another just before half-time while Spain did not help themselves, with Sergio Ramos missing a penalty before fellow centre-back Gerard Pique was sent off.
Brazil gave a raucous Maracana crowd a dream start as with just over a minute on the clock, Fred showed superb presence of mind as in trying to meet Hulk's cross he was buffeted by two defenders.
The ball rebounded off Neymar and Spain fullback Alvaro Arbeloa and, flat on his face, Fred managed to improvise and poke the ball past Iker Casillas.
Spain's goalkeeper was almost caught out by Paulinho's 13th-minute lob, back-pedalling to palm the ball off the line before falling gratefully on the loose ball.
Arbeloa was then booked for a cynical pull on Neymar. The Barcelona new boy would have had a clear run on goal, sparking Brazilian claims for a red card despite the challenge taking place in the centre circle.
That sparked the second flashpoint of the early exchanges, with players from both teams having earlier squared off after Fernando Torres' foul on Marcelo.
Brazil custodian Julio Cesar tipped Andres Iniesta's long-range curler away from goal, Torres heading the resulting corner just wide of the near post.
Ramos was booked for hauling down Oscar on the edge of the box, with Hulk blazing wide from the free kick, while Fred spurned a glorious chance when teed up by Neymar.
David Luiz saved Brazil with a remarkable sliding goal-line clearance after a fluent Spanish break ended with Pedro curling the ball past Cesar.
It was a timely intervention as Neymar doubled Brazil's lead a minute before half-time, hammering the ball inside Casillas' near post after exchanging passes with Oscar on the edge of the box.
Cesar Azpilicueta replaced the hapless Arbeloa at half-time but Brazil quickly extended their advantage.
Hulk and Neymar set up Fred to curl the ball inside the far post despite Casillas getting his fingers to the shot.
Hulk could have added his name to the scoresheet but Casillas charged out of his area to block the powerful frontman's lob.
Ramos' header was saved but the Real Madrid defender was to spurn a better chance to get his side back into the game.
Marcelo fouled substitute Jesus Navas in the box but Ramos drilled the penalty wide of the left-hand post.
David Villa replaced Torres before Navas had a shot deflected wide, Gerard Pique heading the resulting corner straight at Cesar.
Marcelo blazed into the side-netting for Brazil before apologising fulsomely to Fred, who was waiting in the six-yard box to be presented with a certain hat-trick.
Casillas again had to come off limits to foil Hulk while a sliding Villa was unable to meet Pedro's dangerous cross-shot at the other end.
Things got even worse for Spain when Pique was shown a straight red card for chopping down his new club-mate Neymar, who curled the free kick just over.
Ramos shot wide again before resuming his defensive duties to block Fred's shot. Neymar was then crowded out when unable to pass the ball with Fred yards offside. The latter's hat-trick hopes disappeared in that moment as he was swiftly replaced by Jo.
Cesar made a superb reflex save from Pedro's powerful effort and Ramos, strangely Spain's primary attacking threat, headed Xavi's corner well wide.
Villa drew another good diving save from Cesar but Brazil were otherwise able to play out the closing stages with no alarms.
(Edited by Nick Pearce)


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Definition of deist
n. - One who believes in the existence of a God, but denies revealed religion; a freethinker. 2
The word "deist" uses 5 letters: D E I S T.
Direct anagrams of deist:
diets dites edits sited stied tides
Words formed by adding one letter before or after deist (in bold), or to deist in any order:
b - bedsit bidets debits c - edicts f - fisted sifted g - digest h - histed i - teiids tidies k - skited l - delist idlest listed silted tildes m - demits misted n - teinds o - todies p - spited stiped r - direst driest stride s - deists desist u - duties suited v - divest w - widest wisted z - ditzes
Shorter words found within deist:
de die dies diet dis dit dite dits ed edit eds es et id ides ids is it its sei set si side sit site ted teds ti tide tie tied ties tis
List shorter words within deist, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in deist, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with deist, words containing deist or words ending with deist
All words formed from deist by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: de ei is st
Browse words starting with deist by next letter
Previous word in list: deisms
Next word in list: deistic
Some random words: troak kea up nth jemmied tmeses hi
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text:
WHAT: At the 2009 GSMA Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, ARM announced that has ARM® Partners have shipped 10billion ARM Powered® processors to the mobile device market – the equivalent of 2.5 ARM processors for every mobile cellular subscriber in the world.[1]
With the 10 billionth processor shipped, ARM has emerged as the architecture of choice for mobile devices and can be found in devices as diverse as Ultra Low Cost Handsets through to Smartphones, MIDs and now Netbooks. In the late 1990s, GSM phones began to shrink to pocket-sized devices with excellent battery life – in part this was due to the market widely adopting the ARM7™ family of processors. With each new generation of ARM processors, there have been corresponding increases in functionality, fun and user experience. The 2009 Mobile World Congress is an important one for ARM and its Partners as the latest Cortex™ family of processors are at the heart of new, exciting web-centric products such as the Palm Pre and Toshiba TG-01 handsets, Netbooks and Hybrid PCs. It is also the event where we can show the next-generation Cortex-A9 MPCore™ multicore processor for the first time running Symbian OS, demonstrating that increases in power-efficient performance can be obtained by having clusters of Cortex family processors working together on a single chip.
The average mobile phone shipped in 2008 had approximately two ARM technology-based processors. More complex Smartphones often have four or five; functioning not only as application processors, but also in the modem, WLAN, GPS, SIM, camera module and Bluetooth ICs. ARM's partnership of more than 500 Connected Community members includes 200 silicon Partners who shipped 126 ARM Powered chips per second last year, including the silicon in nearly every device on show at Mobile World Congress.
WHEN: Monday, February 16th, 2009
WHERE: Booth 1C01, Hall 1, Mobile World Congress, Barcelona.http://www.mobileworldcongress.com/
WHO: ARM designs the technology that lies at the heart of advanced digital products, from wireless, networking and consumer entertainment solutions to imaging, automotive, security and storage devices. ARM's comprehensive product offering includes 32-bit RISC microprocessors, graphics processors, video engines, enabling software, cell libraries, embedded memories, high-speed connectivity products, peripherals and development tools. Combined with comprehensive design services, training, support and maintenance, and the company's broad Partner community, they provide a total system solution that offers a fast, reliable path to market for leading electronics companies. More information on ARM is available at http://www.arm.com.
ARM and ARM Powered are registered trademarks of ARM Limited. ARM7, Cortex, MPCore and Connected Community is a trademark of ARM Limited. All other brands or product names are the property of their respective holders. "ARM" is used to represent ARM Holdings plc; its operating company ARM Limited; and the regional subsidiaries ARM INC.; ARM KK; ARM Korea Ltd.; ARM Taiwan Ltd; ARM France SAS; ARM Consulting (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.; ARM Belgium N.V.; AXYS Design Automation Inc.; ARM Germany GmbH; ARM Embedded Solutions Pvt. Ltd.; ARM Physical IP, Inc.; ARM Norway, AS; and ARM Sweden AB.
Contact Details:
Kersti Klami / Blaise Hammond
Racepoint Group Europe
+44 (208) 752 3216 / 3203
email@example.com / email@example.com
Michelle Spencer
+44 1628 427780
[1] International Telecommunication Union, Sept 2008.


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