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Performing single sign out of all web apps using Azure AD
This sample shows how to build an MVC web application that uses Azure AD for sign-in using the OpenID Connect protocol and provides Single Sign Out across web apps.
For more information about how the OpenID Connect protocol works in this scenario, see the OpenID Connect Session Management Specfication.
About The Sample
If you would like to get started immediately, skip this section and jump to How To Run The Sample.
This MVC 5 web application allows the user to sign in to the application with an AAD account. Once signed in, if the user signs out of another application that has been authenticated using the same AAD tenant, this application will automatically sign the user out and display a message notifying the user. Similarly, when the user signs out of this application, they will be signed out of any other applications that use the same AAD tenant and that have implemented Single Sign Out.
This sample will demonstrate the Single Sign Out capability by using the Azure Management Portal as a second application that uses AAD for authentication.
How To Run The Sample
To run this sample you will need: - Visual Studio 2013 - An Internet connection - An Azure subscription (a free trial is sufficient)
Every Azure subscription has an associated Azure Active Directory tenant. If you don't already have an Azure subscription, you can get a free subscription by signing up at http://wwww.windowsazure.com. All of the Azure AD features used by this sample are available free of charge.
Step 1: Clone or download this repository
From your shell or command line:
git clone https://github.com/Azure-Samples/active-directory-dotnet-web-single-sign-out.git
Step 2: Create a user account in your Azure Active Directory tenant
If you already have a user account with Global Administrator rights in your Azure Active Directory tenant, you can skip to the next step. This sample will not work with a Microsoft account, so if you signed in to the Azure portal with a Microsoft account and have never created a user account in your directory before, you need to do so now, and ensure it has the Global Administrator Directory Role. If you create an account and want to use it to sign-in to the Azure portal, don't forget to add the user account as a co-administrator of your Azure subscription.
Step 3: Register the sample with your Azure Active Directory tenant
- Sign in to the Azure management portal.
- Click on Active Directory in the left hand nav.
- Click the default directory tenant in which you created a Global Administrator user. You will need to register your application in this tenant so that you can log into both the application and the portal with your Global Administrator user.
- Click the Applications tab.
- In the drawer, click Add.
- Click "Add an application my organization is developing".
- Enter a friendly name for the application, for example "SingleSignOutWebApp", select "Web Application and/or Web API", and click next.
- For the sign-on URL, enter the base URL for the sample, which is by default
https://localhost:44308/. NOTE: It is important, due to the way Azure AD matches URLs, to ensure there is a trailing slash on the end of this URL. If you don't include the trailing slash, you will receive an error when the application attempts to redeem an authorization code.
- For the App ID URI, enter
https://<your_tenant_name>/<your_application_name>, replacing
<your_tenant_name>with the name of your Azure AD tenant and
<your_application_name>with the name you chose above. Click OK to complete the registration.
- While still in the Azure portal, click the Configure tab of your application.
- Find the Client ID value and copy it aside, you will need this later when configuring your application.
- Create a new key for the application. Save the configuration so you can view the key value. Save this aside for when you configure the project in Visual Studio.
- In the Permissions to Other Applications configuration section, ensure that "Enable sign-on and read user's profiles" is selected under "Delegated permissions." Save the configuration.
Step 4: Configure the sample to use your Azure AD tenant
- Open the solution in Visual Studio 2013.
- Open the
- Find the app key
ida:Tenantand replace the value with your AAD tenant name, i.e. "defaulttenant.onmicrosoft.com".
- Find the app key
ida:ClientIdand replace the value with the Client ID for the application from the Azure portal.
- Find the app key
ida:AppKeyand replace the value with the key for the application from the Azure portal.
- If you changed the base URL of the TodoListWebApp sample, find the app key
ida:PostLogoutRedirectUriand replace the value with the new base URL of the sample.
Step 5: Run the sample
Clean the solution, rebuild the solution, and run it. NOTE: Be sure not to run the sample in Internet Explorer, or you will get unexpected behavior. Sign into the application by clicking one of the tabs, such as "About." Be sure to sign in with a user that can also sign in to the Azure Management Portal. Once signed in, sign in to the Azure Management Portal as well. Try signing out of either application; you will be signed out of the other in a matter of seconds.
Code Walk-Through
For the most part, you can simply cut and paste the code from this sample into your OWIN application in order to provide Single Sign Out functionality. But for a deeper understanding of the code and the OpenID Connect Session Managment protocol, take a look at the following five files:
_Layout.cshtml, you simply need to render the _SingleSignOut.cshtml partial view, so that the Single Sign Out related javascript is loaded into every page in the application.
This partial view is where the majority of the action takes place. In order to know when to perform Single Sign Out, the application needs a way to check the status of the user's session with Azure AD. This could be achieved by polling AAD periodically, but would incur more network cost than is necessary. Instead, the application will periodically check the value of a cookie that is set by AAD on login, as directed by the OpenID Connect Session Management specfication. Only if the value of the cookie has changed will the application then submit a request to AAD to check the status of the user's session with AAD. AAD provides a "CheckSessionIframe" to peform this check for you that is used in this sample.
When a page in the application loads, the javascript loads the CheckSessionIframe in a hidden iFrame. On a periodic basis, it triggers the CheckSessionIFrame to check the AAD cookie and notify the application of any changes. If a change in the AAD session has been detected, the iFrame is pointed to AAD's authorize endpoint, submitting an authorization request to AAD without requring user interaction (since the iFrame is hidden, of course). The result of this authorization request will be processed by the OWIN OpenIDConnect Middleware, described below in
AccountController.cs, there are two actions to note. The
SessionChanged action is a shortcut that is used to construct the authorization request that is submitted to AAD. The javascript submits an ajax request to this action, which subsequently issues an OpenID Connect challenge. This challenge triggers OWIN to construct an authorization request and submit it to AAD. But instead of allowing OWIN to submit the authorization request, the request is intercepted in
RedirectToIdentityProvider notification and is returned to the originating javascript via
SessionChanged as the result of the ajax request. In this way, the javascript does not have to construct an authorization request on its own.
The other action to note is
SingleSignOut, which actually signs the user out of the application and displays a message telling the user that a Single Sign Out has occurred.
Presents the Single Sign Out occurred message to the user.
Startup.Auth.cs, two
OpenIDConnectAuthenticationNotifications callbacks are used to process the authorization request result from AAD. If the request fails, it can be interpreted as the user needing to reauthenticate with AAD (and that the user should be signed out of the application). OWIN triggers the
AuthenticationFailed callback, which signs the user out using the
SingleSignOut action.
If the authorization request succeeds, there are two possibilities. First, that the user is still authenticated with AAD and no Single Sign Out is necessary. Second, that the user is authenticated with AAD but as a different user than before. In this case, a Single Sign Out is necessary. In either case, OWIN triggers the
AuthorizationCodeRecieved callback, which handles each case individually.
Другие примеры от Danny Strockis
- Build a multi-tenant SaaS web application using Azure AD & OpenID Connect
- Calling a web API in a web app using Azure AD and OpenID Connect
- Calling Azure AD protected web APIs in a web app using OAuth 2.0
- Build a multi-tenant SaaS web application that calls a web API using Azure AD
- Integrating Azure AD (v2.0 endpoint) into an ASP.NET Core web app


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- 10
- reviews
- 160
- helpful votes
- 60
- ratings
Reviewed: 06-26-06
Great book
This book is great. Sure it's not a textbook so don't expect to use it to pass your biology exams. It's a pop science book that will be interesting to a wide range of people, in particular anyone interested in gardening and plants.
It's basically four stories, each one about a different plant and the authors experience with them and musing on them and their history. The four plants are apples, tulips, marijuana and potatoes.
The book is well written and in some places quite funny. It kept me entertained, I picked up a few factoids on the history of these plants, and it made me think about how plants and humans depend on each other.
The narrators reading was a bit overdramatic in the introductory parts, either he settled down or I got used to it, because I enjoyed the narration through most of the stories. This narrator also did "The Traveler" (fiction), which I also enjoyed about 6 months ago.
Overall, this is one of the best books I've downloaded in the last few months.
27 of 30 people found this review helpful
Reviewed: 05-19-06
I hadn't really heard of Zodiac, perhaps it's not living in the US, or perhaps being younger than 30, but when I think of well-known serial killers this isn't a name I think of. So in that sense, the details in this book were all new to me.
I thought this book was well written and well-read. I liked how the chapters alternated between chapters about victims, chapters about zodiac, and chapters about law enforcement. It made it very easy to follow the progression of the story.
The book is well narrated and easy to listen to. Although this audio version is new, I think the actual book is relatively old, however this doesn't really matter, since I don't think there would have been any new developments since it was published.
I can't speak for the accuracy of facts in this book, since I wouldn't know, but it seems plausible enough.
Overall enjoyable if you have an interest in true-crime stories. I didn't find it particularly graphic (it's certainly not for kids) so you probably won't have nightmares for weeks after listening. The murder scenarios were described in some detail, but it wasn't gratuitous. But your mileage may vary.
45 of 50 people found this review helpful
Reviewed: 05-15-06
This is a toilet book
I guess the title should have been a giveaway, but this book is one of those 100 section books with 1-2 pages on each job. It's not really great for audio and is really a book for a waiting room, coffee table or toilet.
It's averagely funny, the content is not too bad, but it's not something you can sit back and get into. I guess it may be ok for a short commute so you can drop in and out at virtually any point.
Overall a bit disappointing.
8 of 8 people found this review helpful
Reviewed: 04-16-06
This is a fantastic book. It will be enjoyable for anyone with some interest in medicine, and most likely will be thoroughly enjoyed even by those with no interest in medicine.
It's not really heavily focussed on technical aspects of medicine, though there is some detail about medical procedures but it's generally just part of setting the scene of the story.
The book is mainly a collection of stories with a common theme - that doctors are human and sometimes make mistakes. There are some stories about negligent doctors, but primarily it's about good doctors who aren't always right. There is a kind of running ethical dilemma about the balance between training and giving practice to new doctors and giving patients the best care.
5 of 5 people found this review helpful
Reviewed: 11-27-05
Great Book
This is a great book. It tells the story of the creation of the Oxford English Dictionary. The story centres around two characters primarily, Minor (the madman) and Murray(the professor).
It gives bit of a life story of Minor, and tells how he came to be locked up in an asylum. It also gives some information about the history of English dictionaries, and about the process by which the OED was compiled.
Minor, obviously bored living in isolation, and besides his madness very intelligent, took to indexing and providing quotations of the words in all his books. As the dicitonary team progress through the alphabet, Minor would ask which words they were working on, and look up in his home made rolodex, the book titles and page numbers in his vast collection of books, then copy out the required quotations and send them to the dictionary team for inclusion.
He is said to have been one of the most prolific contributors. There's nothing particularly exciting in this audio book, but it is a fascinating historical story.
10 of 10 people found this review helpful
Reviewed: 08-23-05
Outstanding book
This is a fantastic book for anyone interested in marketing. The format is 22 rules, alternately spoken by each of the authors.
Full of great insights and interesting stories about marketing campaigns of various companies that succeeded and failed. It does however show it's age a bit in some of the examples, being nearly ten years old, but that doesn't take away from the value of the book.
Highly recommend for anyone thinking in business or thinking of starting one. Even if you're not in business, the anectdotes and stories will be interesting to most people none the less.
12 of 13 people found this review helpful
Reviewed: 08-20-05
It's OK
There's some good stuff in this audiobook... but it didn't keep my interest consistently. I think this would probably be better on paper.
Maybe I just wasn't in the mood for this kind of book at the time, but I found it fairly average.
3 of 7 people found this review helpful
Reviewed: 08-11-05
Interesting stories, but not what I expected.
I'm not sure what I expected when I got this audio book, but it wasn't what I got. I guess I thought there would be some more solid data about how the whole nobel prize sperm bank experiment all turned out, or more about the genetic factors in intelligence.
However, now I've heard it, it's understandable why there wasn't more about this aspect. It's because no-one really knows how the nobel sperm experiment turned out, and if the stories in the book are anything to go by, many of the donors weren't really genius's anyway, and only one nobel prize winner is actually known to have donated.
The stories are interesting, and relate to donors finding children, children finding donors, children finding half siblings, and the interactions and relationships that ensue between them. It raises thinking points about what impact the donors had on the intelligence of the children as well as the impact finding out they were nobel sperm babies had on them. But it doesn't so much answer these questions as leave them for you to ponder yourself.
There is a smattering of the authors opinions on various topics surrounding the nobel sperm bank, sperm banking in general, eugenics and alike, but it's more passing thoughts and general opinions than concerted research. However the author always presents it as such, and never tries to pass off his musings as factual.
Overall it was an entertaining book, and the authors style is quite funny. There's one particular story that really stands out, when one of the children finally meets his "nobel" donor, and he is not quite what you would expect.
13 of 15 people found this review helpful
Reviewed: 08-10-05
My favourite audio book so far
This is my favourite audio book from audible so far. At first the narrator was slightly irritating, he sounds like the kind of "crazy professor" types they get to host pop science shows for kids, but after a while he grew on me, and in the end I think it was very well narrated.
The actual content is far too wide ranging to cover specifically in a short review. But it follows a coherent path about all those little tidbits of the history of our planet, our species and our universe, that everyone should know, but most of us never bothered to investigate.
Even though this is probably one of the longest audio books on this site, you'll still be wanting more when it's over. If you're interested in the general topics I mentioned, and just want a nice, "for the average person with an interest in science" presentation of this material, you'll thoroughly enjoy this audio book.
It rarely strays into the extremely technical or detailed, but still conveys the main thrust of the ideas. I highly rate this book, the writing is good, and there were times I laughed out loud, at the authors humour which kind of sneaks up on you.
3 of 3 people found this review helpful
Reviewed: 08-10-05
An interesting listen
I really enjoyed this audio book. I've heard Malcolm Gladwell speak before and had been interested to "read" The Tipping Point for a while. It's a mixture of anectdotes, psychology, economics, marketing, epidemiology and more.
The principle focus of The Tipping Point is how small changes, can bring about large effects. With examples such as marketing of Hush Puppies shoes, the broken windows theory, Airwalk shoes, Paul Reveres midnight ride, word of mouth, mass hysteria and more.
The only disappointing thing about this audio book is that it is abridged. If you like short 3 hour "quick listen"'s, you may not mind, but it felt to me, like a reasonable amount of material was cut out. This was even more apparent at the end during the afterword, when it references several things that did not appear in this audio book.
But overall, it was enjoyable, fairly "light reading", and kept my interest throughout.
34 of 34 people found this review helpful

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Important things to notice before buying the service
1) Your Motorola mobile phone needs to prompt for Network Unlock code once unaccepted SIM card is inserted. Otherwise device is not eligible to unlock by code and we will not be able to help or refund.
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In one of the greatest Star Wars geek moves ever, a fan has recreated the entire Hoth battle sequence from the Empire Strikes Back in his living room.
The incredibly detailed diorama features everything, from the AT-AT getting taken down by the Snowspeeder, to the trenches full of Rebel troops firing at them. The explosions are especially impressive, being hand-painted and looking very realistic.
The snow is also realistic and we imagine a nightmare to clear up, if he ever decides to rid his living room of this awesome scene. We aren't quite sure how on earth he created the look of the blasters being fired by the Snowspeeders, but it is amazingly authentic (not that Star Wars is real).
The designer calls himself Zipidi Doodah on Facebook and has posted a rather dry and witty video on YouTube about how he put the thing together.
Even Industrial Light and Magic, the guys behind the original special effects in Star Wars, have started sharing out details on the diorama.
It isn't the first attempt by a Star Wars fan to create something Hoth themed and of, course, there's the 60,000-brick Lego Hoth diorama.


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You'll have to spend like a princess to make Disney credit card worth it
The Walt Disney Company and Chase have long been partners on a Visa credit card that offers 1% back in rewards points to be redeemed on all things Disney.
Now they're offering the new Disney Premier Visa card, promising better rewards and a new redemption perk.
Premier cardholders double their "Disney Dream Reward Dollars" to 2%, earned at restaurants, grocery stores, gas stations and many Disney locations like the Disneyland and Disney World resorts, the Disney cruise line and Disney stores. (You earn 1% on everything else.)
As with the standard Disney Rewards Visa card, reward dollars can be redeemed toward Disney hotel stays, theme park tickets, cruises, movie tickets and Disney store merchandise.
But Premier cardholders can also redeem toward airline travel on any airline to any destination with no blackout dates. Simply buy airline tickets with your card, then pay yourself back by redeeming reward dollars for a one-for-one credit on your monthly statement.
If you want to put your Disney-themed trip on your card, there's a 0% APR for six months on Disney cruises (where you'll get $50 of onboard credit) and certain vacation packages. The APR for the rest of the year is 14.24%.
The catch: the annual fee of $49.
That's a fee typical of credit cards offering higher reward rates.
To recoup that fee, you would have to spend at least $2,450 at the 2% rewards rate.
On the standard Disney Rewards Visa, which has no annual fee, you already would have earned $24.50 with its 1% rewards rate.
Other than the rewards rate and the airline travel perk, the two cards are virtually the same.
And if you were hoping for more select perks at the theme parks, forget it.
Premier cardholders get the same VIP treatment as standard cardholders when it comes to discounts and meet-and-greets with Mickey Mouse, the Seven Dwarfs and the rest of the Disney film characters.
This credit card is probably best for parents thinking of treating their kids to a trip to Disneyland or some other Disney-themed vacation.
It requires big spending on all things Disney to make it worthwhile.
Compare this deal with the credit card offers in our extensive database.


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Ayn Rand was born in 1905 in St. Petersburg, Russia. Defying the death warrant of the Soviet Union, she came to America as a temporary visitor in 1926 but remained for the rest of her life. Later, she would also defy the cultural and political views of contemporary America in such best-selling novels as THE FOUNTAINHEAD and ATLAS SHRUGGED. Her unique philosophy, Objectivism, challenged the cultural tradition of 2,500 years . . .
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January 19, 1999: "Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life" won a Golden Satellite Award for Best Documentary Film. The award was given by the International Press Academy at the…
At the 70th Annual Academy Awards ceremony, "Ayn Rand: A Sense of Life" was honored with an Oscar nomination in the category of Best Documentary Feature.
"In a loving—but not fawning—documentary look at this fascinating figure of 20th-century intellectual life, director Michael Paxton has created an exhaustive and definitive history of a challenging subject."
"The film, narrated by Sharon Gless, is an expertly assembled collection of news films, interviews with various people and television clips showing Rand being interviewed by people such…
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As promised, here is the list of top contenders for this year's Page Turner.
Please Note: Apart from the first three (the winners and two runners up), the list is not in any specific order.
2010 Page Turner Champion
The Price of Freedom by Shauna Soukoreff Dolan
2010 Page Turner Runners Up
* Christchurch Earthquake 2010 by Debbie Roome
* Music, Tradition and the Church by Carol Slider
2010 Page Turner Top Contenders (all highly commended)
* No Nut Sense by Diana Dart
* How's Your Mood, Mom? by Robyn Terry
* This Can Not Perish by Lillian Rhoades
* God's Old Dog Obedience School by Sandra Fischer
* In the Mirror - The Face of Jesus, Human Like Me by Michael Joshua
* The Prodigal Son Who Didn't Come Home by Terri Schroeder
There were many other excellent entries, but these top contenders were the ones the judges felt had the greatest publishing potential based on creativity and freshness of idea/ability to meet a specific need (niche market).
Love, Deb


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Academics . Biomedical Art . Courses
Surgical Illustration + Media (EP)
Course No. BMA 352 Credits: 3.0
Faculty Thomas Nowacki
This studio course is an introduction to the illustration of surgical procedures and its fundamental application within the discipline of biomedical art. It is based on the belief that understanding the concepts of medical and/or veterinary surgery is essential to creating effective illustrations and other media that visually communicates the information. Students will research surgical procedures and techniques, sketch procedures in the operating room, prepare comprehensive sketches outlining visual narrative of surgical procedures, and render final illustrations/media presentations using a variety of digital media. Special access to Case Western University Hospitals will be granted and all students must follow ALL rules during medical observation; and be conscious of patient-related regulations and privacy standards. Required of junior Biomedical Art majors. No electives. Offered spring.
David Schumick
Adjunct Faculty
While at CIA, you'll learn from the masters through our rigorous, world-class curriculum and connect with working professionals to begin your career.


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Marcile Faler, 90
Marcile E. Faler, 90, of Wapakoneta, died at 1:15 a.m. Monday, Sept. 9, 2013, at The Gardens of Wapakoneta.
She was born April 9, 1923, in Shelby County, the daughter of Mary Estella (Gerdes) and Benjamin Franklin Steenrod, who preceded her in death. On July 26, 1947, she married Marvin Wilson Faler, and he died Feb. 4, 2010.
Survivors include four children, Marcia (Phillip) Fackler, of Cincinnati, Byron (Sandy) Faler, of Wapakoneta, Joyce Smith, of Sidney, and Mark (Roberta) Faler, of Lima; 11 grandchildren; 13 great-grandchildren; a brother, Richard (Ruth) Steenrod, of Venice, Fla.; a sister, Mary McGowan, of Jackson Center; and five sisters-in-law, Grace Steenrod, of Jackson Center, Diane Steenrod, of Sidney, Mary Lane Steenrod, of Maplewood, and Eileen Faler, of Bellefontaine, and Gertrude Clinehens, of Quincy.
She was preceded in death by a son-in-law, Bruce Smith; a sister and brother-in-law, Ella Belle (Andrew) Ford; four brothers and a sister-in-law, Roland (Ruth), John, Louis, and James Edison Steenrod; a brother-in-law, Eldon McGowan; and a sister-in-law, Alice Steenrod.
A homemaker and hard worker, Marcile did custodial work. She was a 1941 graduate of Sidney High School. She loved the Lord, and was especially proud of her family, who were the love of her life. She also enjoyed quilting and gardening.
Funeral services will be at 11 a.m. Wednesday at Bayliff & Eley Funeral Home, St. Rt. 501, Wapakoneta, with the Rev. Greg Roberts officiating. Burial is to follow in the Resthaven Memory Gardens near Moulton.
The family will receive friends from 5 to 7 p.m. Tuesday and one hour prior to the service Wednesday at the funeral home.
Memorial contributions may be directed to The Gardens of Wapakoneta or St. Rita's Hospice.
Condolences may be expressed at bayliffandeleyfh.com.


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Shoulder and Triceps
- DB Press 20x20,50x10,50x10,50x8,50x8,50x8
- DB Lateral Raise 15x10,25x8,25x8,25x10,25x8
- DB Shrugs 50x20,80x12,80x12,80x10
- Tricep Kickback 40x8,40x10,40x10
- Bench Dips 10,8,8
- just going to do some walk away the pounds but to my kind of music 80's Metallica
- pre-workout - Hemp powder,Warrior Blend Raw Protein, Spirulina
- post-workout/breakfast - steel oats, dates,flaxseed meal, Gingerberry Kombucha
- snack - Go Raw Spirulina Bar (mmmm tasty!!)
- lunch - Amy's Organic Chili, raw sunflower seeds
- snack - Carrot Cake Clif Bar
- dinner - Brown Rice and Quinoa mixed with Amy's Minestrone Soup and green beans
- snack -1/2 vega chocolate whole food, hemp powder, hemp milk
144 ounces of water
Tried lifting in the morning.not sure how i feel about doing it in the morning, feels i have to rush things so i can eat breakfast before work.But on the other hands I am fresh right out of bed and don't have 8-10 hours of being on my feet to hamper my results.So not sure what I am going to do from now on.tomorrow with assisted pull ups i have to lift after work at the gym but all the other days i can do in the morning or afternoon.something for to think about i guess.
Anyways work went well today with just a 8 hour work day (rest of the week is 9 hours)..energy level seemed fine all day..pain free today from legs, usually two days after legs I get that my legs feel like jello feeling but not today.that is about all I have to say..
I can't thank you enough Michelle for your advice and encouragement!! Thanks Karen, there are quite a few people on here that are inspiring, most have different goals overall but the one thing most have in common is having good health.


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CHEMREG: Using Case-Based Reasoning to Support Health and Safety Compliance in the Chemical Industry
CHEMREG is a large knowledge-based system used by Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., to support compliance with regulatory requirements for communicating health and safety information in the shipping and handling of chemical products. This article concentrates on one of the knowledge bases in this system: the case-based reasoner. The case-based reasoner addresses the issue of how proper communication of public health and safety information can be ensured while rapid and cost-effective product evaluation is allowed in the absence of actual hazard testing of the product. CHEMREG generates estimates of hazard data for new products from similar products using an existing relational database as a case library. Implementation of the case-based reasoner in rules and objects using a commercial knowledge-based system shell is described. Although some refinements remain, the performance of the case-based reasoner has met its design goals.
Full Text:PDF
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v19i1.1353
Copyright © 2018, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.


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Certified air motors are ideal in hazardous environments, where sparks or high outer temperatures might otherwise ignite explosive gases, vapor or dust.
When ordering the air motor, in parallel you order a certificate on the order number related to the requested motor type. Each unit is separately tested and will meet the following explosion proof classes.
LZB 14, LZB 42, LZB 46, LZB 54, LZB 66 and LZB 77
- Ex II 2G T4 IIC D110°C
LZB 22, LZB 33 and LZB 34R
- Ex II 2G T5 IIC D85°C
LZL 03S, LZL 05S, LZL 15, LZL 25 and LZL 35
- Ex II 2G T2 IIC D240°C
LZL 03M and LZL 05M
- Ex II 2G T5 IIC D85°C


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Volume 18, Number 5
July/August 2001
Demystifying 12-Step Programs
By Mary Greiner
If you are bewildered by the workings of 12-step programs but think that you or someone you know might benefit from one, this article is dedicated to you. If someone (or more than one person) has recommended that you check out a 12-step program, but you don't think that you have an addictive or compulsive behavior, you can find information here in case you change your mind. If you are trying to get a loved one into recovery, you can read this article in the context of how 12-step programs such as Al-Anon might be of assistance to you as well. If you are merely curious, I hope you will learn more about the largest public health issue facing our country today.
The insights in this article come from personal experience, study of both 12-step literature and scientific research, and the gracious contributions of many friends and colleagues. My deepest thanks go to those in recovery who are willing to share their experiences, strength, and hope with others. Any errors are mine alone.
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is the original 12-step program. AA support groups focus on recovery issues related to use of the drug called alcohol. For some people, alcohol is a physically and emotionally addictive drug. Al-Anon was the second 12-step program to be developed. It is a recovery program for the family and friends of alcoholics, and focuses on recovery from the compulsive behaviors generated by trying to cope with a loved one's alcoholism. Some call alcoholism a "family disease" because almost everyone in the family of an alcoholic develops certain ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that may originally have served to protect the family members but soon begin to interfere with each person's ability to function fully in the world.
Other 12-step programs have been developed to focus on other drugs or compulsive behaviors. There are programs for people addicted to narcotics, nicotine, and refined sugar; and programs for persons engaging in compulsive behaviors such as overeating, gambling, gaming, sex, love, emotion, shopping, Internet use, pornography, and so forth. Further, there are 12-step programs for people with dual diagnoses (for example, addiction/compulsion combined with a mental disorder such as depression).
The common denominator in all these programs is that the participants find themselves using something or someone outside themselves to change how they feel. Twelve-step programs are based on the premise that inner serenity comes when people find a way to live without addictive and compulsive behaviors. Active members of 12-step programs find that their lives get better as a result of participating in the group process, a dynamic as complex as human nature.Myths and Common Concerns
They are a bunch of losers. This myth comes in many forms, from the belief that meetings are made up of scuzzy old farts in dirty trenchcoats, to the assumption that all attendees are there because they were ordered by the court to go. Those in denial about their own problem might assume that only people who can't "hold their liquor" or are "stupid enough to get caught" attend meetings.
Another fallacy driving this myth is that addiction is a moral deficiency rather than a disease. Although the American Medical Association acknowledged that alcoholism is a disease in 1956, and former U.S. Surgeon General C. Everett Koop declared nicotine addiction to be a public health issue, there are still folks out there who consider quitting to be no more than a matter of willpower. For those who have never been addicted, it can be hard to understand that addiction is a disease needing treatment, just like diabetes. Without treatment, the disease is fatal. With treatment, the disease may not be cured, but the quality and length of life can be greatly enhanced.
As for the "losers" who attend meetings, members include state supreme court justices, former governors, senior corporate executives, financially successful entrepreneurs, managing partners of nationally known law firms, religious leaders, and renowned artists of every genre. Other members include felons who have served their time; functionally illiterate people who struggle to read the literature; and people who have lost their jobs, homes, and families as they spiraled down through their disease. There is no "typical" member of a 12-step group. Addiction is an equal opportunity disease.
What will people think of me? What if I see someone I know there? Members of 12-step programs are glad to have new members and see them not as "losers" but as people ready to do something about their problems. All people have problems; who is in a position to judge another for seeking a group process-based solution? Twelve-step groups have a tradition of anonymity. If you believe you have something to lose by being seen at the group meeting, remember that so does everyone else attending the meeting. If others are willing to face that risk, why shouldn't you?
If I go, I will be admitting that I have a problem. Meetings are often described as "open" or "closed." The open meetings are open to anyone who wishes to attend, so your presence will not be considered an acknowledgment that you have a problem. You can find out whether a meeting is open or closed by checking for the codes describing the meeting in the relevant directory, or by calling the telephone number of the appropriate group and asking for open meetings.
You have to stop using to go to the meetings. "I want to stop, but I can't," said Ben when asked why he didn't go to a 12-step meeting. "I don't want to embarrass myself by going there 'loaded,' so I'm waiting until I have a clean day to go." If you can relate to Ben's comment, just go to the meeting! You do not have to stop using before you go. You will not be the first person to start attending meetings while under the influence. The only requirement for membership is a desire to stop. Once you begin attending meetings, you may well acquire that little extra tool you need to lay "it" down, whatever your "it" may be.
It doesn't work. Actually, research indicates that 12-step programs work better than other forms of treatment most of the time. Yes, it is true that 12-step programs are not for everyone. One of the main reasons "it" does not work for someone is because "it" works only when the someone "works it."
Georgia went late and left early, when she went to meetings at all. She focused on what was wrong with the meeting and made no effort to read the literature, find a sponsor, or meet anyone in the meeting (after all, they should have introduced themselves to her!). She proved 12-step meetings didn't work for her.
Allen was on the verge of losing everything, and out of fear, he threw himself 110 percent into the process. He went to meetings daily, met people, listened to a guy he could relate to and asked him to be his sponsor, and he read the approved literature. Soon, Allen was helping out before and after the meetings with setup and cleanup, and joining a group after the meeting for coffee. Although he still had all his problems, within two weeks, he began to believe that life would get better, and it did.
The groups are a cult. To qualify as a cult, there must be a leader, usually a charismatic individual. In 12-step groups that are operating in accordance with the model, there are no leaders at all. There are only volunteers who serve the needs of the group for a set period of time. The only paid employees are at the national or international level, and those employees do not govern the individual groups.
I am happy with my religion and don't need another one. Excellent! No 12-step group holds itself out to be a religion. In fact, the literature reflects only a spirit of cooperation. The group offers the person suffering from an addiction or compulsion a form of spirituality that should be consistent with any religious program that an individual may choose to follow.
I don't want anyone telling me how to live and what to believe. The Higher Power or "God thing" can be a real turn-off for some people. This issue is so big, in fact, that the founders of AA considered it worthy of an entire chapter in the book Alcoholics Anonymous (familiarly known as the Big Book). In the chapter entitled "We Agnostics," readers are encouraged to consider whether there might be any power greater than themselves. (See "The Bekins Van" for an illustration of the lengths to which some people will go to avoid such reflection.)
I don't need a group. You may not. Although the group process just might teach you a few things about the balance of independence and interdependence, you do not have to open yourself to learning a new way of solving your problems if you do not want to. Many people with addictions or compulsive behaviors grew up in families where they learned that people are not to be trusted. You will never find trustworthy people unless you learn how to open your heart to those who earn your trust.
My drinking/using is situational, not really an addiction or compulsive behavior. If only she/he/they would act right, I wouldn't have to drink/use. You might want to try going to an open meeting. You might learn more about your own behavior if you listen with the intent of seeing how the meeting content might apply to you and not your problematic loved one. Go at least six times before you make a decision that there is nothing there for you. It takes a while for the message of recovery to come through.
The meetings will be depressing, boring, dark, unhappy, etc. Why would anyone want to go to a meeting described by such adjectives, especially when so many of us must go daily to places characterized by those qualities in the course of our professional lives? Recovery meetings are like that only in the minds of the people coming in already feeling depressed, bored, and unhappy. While a few meetings may well be like that, the vast majority are not.
When Marcie finally got up the courage to go to a meeting, she found one held in a church that was on the way home from work. The meeting was listed as a women-only meeting, and she thought she would be more comfortable in such a setting. As she drove into the parking lot of the church, she wasn't sure where to go, so she parked among a collection of other cars and walked in the nearest door. The hallway loomed in both directions, and she again felt panic. Then she heard laughter floating down the hall. She shrank as small as she could make herself, and walked into the well-lit room. There were, maybe, 20 women in there. Many of them noticed her, and said, "Welcome. Come sit here." Marcie felt instantly welcomed, and saw a look on those women's faces that she wanted-that look of joy, calm, and freedom from worry. She wondered how everyone seemed to know right away that she was a newcomer. Only later, after several months of attendance, when another newcomer walked in, did Marcie know how they recognized her as a newcomer. Marcie saw in the newcomer's face what she had felt on walking into that room-fear, shame, the edge of panic, and even some anger. Even later, Marcie was told by newcomers that they saw on her face what they wanted for themselves, and Marcie realized that, indeed, she did feel the joyousness, serenity, and sense of personal freedom that she had wanted when she first entered the doors of AA.Just for Lawyers
Most states have some kind of lawyer-related program, many of which are totally independent of the licensing authority of the state. You can find out about the one in your state by calling the ABA Commission on Lawyer Assistance Programs (CoLAP) at 312/988-5359 or online at www.abanet.org/cpr/colap. Locally, you can find help through your state bar association by asking for a contact number for the LAP or LCL (Lawyers Concerned for Lawyers). You may find a listing in your bar phone directory or an advertisement or article in your bar literature. These professional groups serve as an excellent adjunct to 12-step groups because the topic of discussion often revolves around how to practice law according to the principles and suggested behaviors of 12-step groups.
I don't like other lawyers. You may find that the lawyers in these meetings are very different from those you meet in other professional settings. Helpfulness, friendliness, and joy actually fill these rooms! You may experience a level of humility in your fellow lawyers that you have not experienced elsewhere.
I'm afraid I won't be able to try cases without drinking. There are many solutions for "stage fright" other than alcohol or drugs. It's amazingly comforting to hear one of the top trial lawyers in town talk about his special spot in the courthouse where he prays for strength before every trial!
I am supposed to entertain clients, prospective associates, etc. The only people who will notice you are not drinking are those who have a problem of their own or are worried about yours. The former will try (usually subtly) to get you back "in the fold," and the latter will be relieved. You can learn from the others in your recovery group how to handle these situations. Comments such as "Not tonight, thanks" are usually enough. You can learn some excellent ways to respond to the persistent ones at your meetings.Don't Be Afraid
I hope that the myth that keeps you away from recovery has been addressed here. The main reason people stay away is fear-fear of the unknown, fear of how participation will look to others, or fear of living fully without the addictive substance or behavior.
If you are considering attending a group but are not quite ready, remember the words of Herbert Spenser: "There is a principle which is a bar against all information, which is proof against all arguments and which cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorance-that principle is contempt prior to investigation" (Alcoholics Anonymous, 3d ed., Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc., 1976, p. 570).The Bekins Van-A True Story of Finding a Higher Power
Larry listened to the AA recovery story of Carla without relating to much of what she said, except on the topic of a Higher Power. Carla had a tragic story of violence, prostitution, and homelessness as a result of her drinking and drug use. Carla didn't want any hint of any kind of God in her recovery. She said, "If there is a God, how could all those horrific things have happened to me? And if there is a God, He sure as h*** hasn't helped me so far, so why should I start believing now?" Carla's sponsor, however, insisted that she find something to make her Higher Power. Carla looked out the window just as a Bekins moving van was rolling past. In a moment of rebellious temper, Carla boldly announced that the Bekins van would be her Higher Power. She was surprised when her sponsor cheerfully accepted her choice.
As Carla's story unfolded, Larry heard how a Bekins moving van seemed to go by whenever Carla was struggling with an urge to drink or drug, or when she encountered an old, abusive boyfriend on the street who tried to woo her back into a relationship, or when she was really mad at someone because of a comment she thought had been directed at her. Each time Carla saw the Bekins van, she would think some more about her options and would make choices based on her recovery rather than the self-destructive behavior she was about to take. Carla began to believe that these "coincidences" were more than that, and she began to develop a concept of a Higher Power, a spiritual presence in her life.
Larry was impressed by the story, but didn't think it would apply to his life. He joked with his friends about it, yet what happened to Carla just seemed stuck in his mind. Several months later, he went with some friends to a recovery conference high in the Rocky Mountains. He enjoyed the few days in the mountain air, the hiking, and the people he met, but he still didn't quite relate to the God stuff in people's stories. Driving toward home with his friends when the conference was over, he was taking his turn in the back seat as they headed toward one of several mountain passes. Suddenly, out of nowhere, a huge thunderstorm blew up, and they were caught in a combination of wind, lightening, hail, and rain. His friends were debating the merits of pulling onto the shoulder, next to a drop-off of several hundred feet, versus continuing to drive in near-zero visibility.
Just then, through the pouring rain, Larry saw, on the other side of the road, a Bekins moving van. He felt a sense of calm that he hadn't experienced in years, quickly followed by the excitement of a heartfelt "aha!" He knew they were going to be okay. He yelled to his friends, "Look! There's a Bekins van! We're going to make it!" His friends looked at him as if he had just arrived from another planet, but Larry didn't care. He felt safe and knew that his journey to find a Higher Power had begun right then.A Variety of 12-Step Meetings
The following descriptions will give you a general idea of the types of meetings available. Your particular locale may vary somewhat from this list. In some areas, the meeting directory will tell you the type of meeting via a code system described in the directory (for example, "O" usually stands for an open meeting).
Open/Closed. Open meetings are open to whomever wishes to attend. Closed meetings are limited to those who have the desire to stop their troublesome behavior, whether drinking, gambling, etc.
Newcomer. Meetings where foundational issues provide the focus, such as "Why do I need and how do I find a sponsor?" "Why attend meetings at all?"
Speaker. One person will tell his or her story of recovery-what it was like during the addictive phase of his or her life, what happened to interrupt the addictive pattern, and what it is like now to live in recovery.
Step speaker. A speaker uses personal examples to illustrate how the 12 steps have influenced his or her life choices. The speaker may also offer an explanation of the deeper meaning of each step.
Discussion. A chairperson starts the meeting by introducing a particular topic, and members discuss the topic. The meeting may be designed to give everyone an opportunity to share or to allow a few people to share in the time available. Everyone always has the option to pass.
Step meeting. The topic is about one or more of the steps and how it applies to the attendees' lives. The meeting may begin with a chairperson introducing a topic from a specific step or by everyone reading all or part of a step from the literature (e.g., in AA the book Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions), then discussing how it applies to their personal situations. Some meetings are always on certain steps, e.g., 10-11-12. (Meetings that focus on the 10-11-12 steps can be more spiritual in content.)
Big Book study. "Big Book" is a pseudonym for the main literature of the recovery group. For example, in AA the book is titled Alcoholics Anonymous, not a name some folks would willingly use in public. These meetings use a portion of the literature to facilitate discussion of how the reading applies in one's own life.
Gender specific. Men and women have their own meetings, not so much to complain about the opposite sex, but because relationships and sexual matters have often been a source of tremendously painful wounds. Gender-specific environments can feel safer and allow for more personal sharing.
Other specialties. These are groups run in a language foreign to the majority (e.g., English meetings in Germany), groups formed to serve particular ethnic or cultural groups, and groups for gays and lesbians. There are also groups based on a common profession. Some groups eschew any mention of God or spiritual matters and refer to themselves as agnostic or atheist groups.
Smoking/non-smoking. Smoking meetings can be dense enough to get your fix on passive smoke alone. Non-smoking meetings often include smokers who are willing to take a break from nicotine for the benefit of that particular meeting.
Candlelight. Usually held late at night, these meetings can be more spiritual.How to Find a Meeting
Now that you have decided to go to a 12-step meeting, how do you find one? Lawyer assistance programs. Almost every state has a program, some of which are totally independent of the licensing authority of your state. You can find your local program through word of mouth, notices in bar journals, or by calling your state or local bar association. You can also make contact via the ABA Commission on Lawyer Assistance Programs at 312/988-5359 or www.abanet.org/cpr/colap.
Telephone. Look in the white pages of your telephone book under the organization's name, e.g., Alcoholics Anonymous.
Online. Many groups have their own website, such as www.aa.org, www.al-anon.org, www.gamblersanonymous.org, www.debtorsanonymous.org, www.overeatersanonymous.org, and www.codependents.org. Other websites that contain useful information, directories of meetings, and links to other websites include www.anonymousone.com and www.onlinerecovery.org.
Personal referral. You may know someone in recovery. Expect to have your inquiry received with enthusiasm and confidentiality. Even if your contact person lives on the other side of the world, you can count on receiving encouragement and support.Meeting Etiquette and Vocabulary
Nobody likes to break an unknown rule of conduct. While there are very few "musts" in 12-step meetings, the following information may help you to understand how meetings operate. Meeting times. Depending on your location and the type of meeting, the length will be approximately one to one and one-half hours. You will be accepted for any part you can attend, and you will benefit more if you are there for the entire meeting, as well as for conversation before and after the meeting.
Introductions. In some meetings, everyone introduces themselves, and in others only those actually speaking introduce themselves. First name only is part of the anonymity (even if we recognize each other). You will hear people follow their name with "and I am an [alcoholic, compulsive gambler, etc.]." Those who are not ready to say that out loud may simply use their names or say "I'm not sure," or even "... and I have a problem with [alcohol, gambling, etc.]." Recovery date. In some parts of the country, people will also give the date on which their recovery began, such as "I am [name], and I am an alcoholic, and I have been sober since [date]." Others choose to say "and I was [sober, clean, abstinent] today." Still others choose not to mention it. This is strictly personal preference.
No cross talk. Each person shares without interruption unless the chairperson stops them for talking too long or inappropriately (abusive comments, language beyond colorful). Any feedback is saved for after the meeting. If you have a lot of advice for other people, you may not be focusing on your own issues.
Conference-approved literature. The written material generally used in a meeting has been published or sanctioned by the relevant international service center. This material is referred to as "conference approved." The limitation of material used during meetings avoids controversy.
Sponsor. A person who shares his or her experience, strength, and hope with you as you learn your way around recovery. Sponsors often help provide structure and guidance during the early fog of recovery, and offer advice on how to have healthier relationships. Sponsors are not parents, hotels, bankers, or bailbonders. Sponsors cannot give you what they do not have for themselves, so if you find a sponsor who is a lot of fun, but who has not worked the steps, you will get more fun than recovery.
Thirteenth step. The so-called thirteenth step refers to newcomers being "hit on" by people who have not yet learned how to have a relationship other than the proverbial "one-night stand." Healthy groups frown on this type of fraternization, and you can find folks in the group who can assist you in avoiding unwanted advances. While this type of activity does not happen often, many people who are vulnerable in this area choose to go to same-gender groups to avoid it. The thirteenth step is also the reason same-gender sponsors are suggested, as newcomers often confuse their healthy dependency on a sponsor with "love."
Mary L. Greiner, J.D., LMSW-ACP, practices psychotherapy and spiritually based divorce mediation at the Pastoral Counseling and Education Center in Dallas, Texas. She made a career transition after almost 20 years of law practice, primarily as in-house counsel to technology corporations. She can be reached via e-mail at email@example.com.
The author of this article has granted permission for reproduction of the text of this article for classroom use in an institution of higher learning and for use by not-for-profit organizations, provided that such use is for informational, non-commercial purposes only and any reproduction of the article or portion thereof acknowledges original publication in this issue of GPSolo, citing volume, issue, and date, and includes the title of the article, the name of the author, and the legend "Reprinted by permission of the American Bar Association."


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Like any good film director—or any good artist, really—Martin Scorsese is a magpie. His films are made of bits and pieces picked from everywhere. They are built from personal experience, from observation, from the books he's read and the rock 'n' roll he loves and, of course, from the life he's lived in the dark, watching other people's films.
This intertextual referentiality is in itself nothing unique, certainly not in the filmmaking of the "movie brat" directors of Scorsese's generation, whose ranks include Francis Ford Coppola and Steven Spielberg and Brian De Palma and Peter Bogdanovich and Scorsese's own collaborator, Paul Schrader. What is unusual is the degree to which Scorsese, rather than covering his tracks and effacing his influences to draw greater glory upon his wholly original genius, has made those influences a matter of public record. "I saw these movies," Scorsese says, straightforwardly as ever, in his 1999 My Voyage to Italy. "They had a powerful effect on me. You should see them."
Scorsese is, by almost universal consensus, one of our best directors, consistently posing fresh challenges to himself and his audience. But as he has become, more and more, an American institution, Scorsese has traded in on his fame for a second job, fashioning himself as something like the official spokesman for movie love. In locating his own films in relation to those of his forebears, in framing his extraordinary career as another chapter in a grand tradition, Scorsese has used his prominence to encourage his audience to look back at what has come before, to see the whole tapestry of film history. Scorsese has pointed out that Raging Bull comes out of On the Waterfront and Abraham Polonsky's Body and Soul; that the way the soundtrack works in Goodfellas was inspired by the synthesis of music and image in Michael Powell's Tales of Hoffman; that Taxi Driver contains telltale traces of Michelangelo Antonioni, Jean-Luc Godard's Two or Three Things I Know About Her, and, ever the cultural democrat, a 1949 John Payne western called El Paso.
Scorsese's impulse to return to and repurpose the images that had left a mark on him was evident from the get-go: In his 1973 Mean Streets, small-time gangsters escape Little Italy for Monument Valley at a showing of John Ford's The Searchers. Scorsese doesn't only pay homage, but shows how movies and other pop influences operate within his characters' lives, illustrating the dialog between a society and the pop it produces.
Every film lover has a moment when they begin a dialog of their own, engaging with the medium not just in its present tense, but as part of an ongoing story, a story that has now been in the telling for almost one hundred twenty years. For Scorsese, the key to this transition from moviegoer to budding movie scholar was the extensively illustrated 1949 edition of A Pictorial History of the Movies by Deems Taylor, which Scorsese compulsively checked out from the Tompkins Square Library as a young man, finally returning it with a few stills suspiciously snipped out. The director confesses to his sin in A Personal Journey with Martin Scorsese through American Movies, a three-part 1995 documentary produced by the British Film Institute, which has Scorsese breathlessly narrating the story of our national film history. The effectiveness of this project owes much to Scorsese's selection of clips, showcasing the "strong, bold" and "overwhelming" images that he favors, but also to his powers as a raconteur: His infectious enthusiasm and the emotion of his rapid-fire direct address make this exhortation on behalf of the works that he loves intense, impassioned, and urgent.
If it gets you at the right time, A Personal Journey is one-stop shopping for the novice cinema aesthete, a checklist to work your way through: Allan Dwan and Delmer Daves and Scarlet Street and too many other subjects-for-further-research to name. If you were from a previous generation, you might have, in the same way, referred to Scorsese's answers in the now-defunct "Guilty Pleasures" feature from a 1978 Film Comment, in which he told of his passion for Howard Hawks's little-loved Land of the Pharaohs. (One of the most endearing things about Scorsese is the extreme catholicity of his taste—when auditioning for Scorsese's Casino, drive-in expert Joe Bob Briggs remembers the director quizzing him on "women-in-prison" films.)
A Personal Journey was followed by My Voyage to Italy, in which Scorsese recalled his introduction to the cinema of his ancestral country: As a child in New York City, he spent evenings with his extended family around the 16" black-and-white RCA Victor television set, watching Friday-night broadcasts of Italian-language films. More recently, Scorsese has collaborated with the critic Kent Jones on documentaries about great filmmakers, narrating 2007's Jones-directed Val Lewton: The Man in the Shadows and codirecting 2010's A Letter to Elia, addressed to "Gadge" Kazan, whose On the Waterfront and its street-corner patois left an indelible impression on Scorsese. And while those works address a fairly self-selecting audience of cinephiles, it should be noted that Scorsese's most recent movie, Hugo, was a tribute to the art of Georges Méliès, a French filmmaker of the early silent period—and it did almost $200 million of business in multiplexes and malls.
While proselytizing for film history, Scorsese has simultaneously been a crucial figure in assuring that the physical elements of that history will be around for future generations to rediscover. Fading in color film stock was once a concern limited to the world of archivists, but Scorsese brought it to public attention throughout the 1980s, petitioning Eastman Kodak and agitating in the industry. This move into public advocacy led to Scorsese's crucial role in the 1990 creation of the Film Foundation, a nonprofit dedicated to funding preservation projects, directly responsible for restoring more than five hundred titles to date. While the Film Foundation has principally focused on American film, Scorsese's chairmanship of the newly created World Cinema Foundation in 2007 widened his purview to preservation in developing countries. Recognizing that any movement benefits from having an official face, preferably a famous one, Scorsese lent his to the cause of film preservation, and he has never backed away from his commitment.
Scorsese's work to reveal the inextricable ties between film present and film past doesn't mean that his relationship with cinema is strictly backward-looking, for he has been a friend to many contemporary filmmakers. He has underwritten careers, including that of Kenneth Lonergan. In a 2000 Esquire piece asking critics to name "the next Scorsese," Scorsese himself prophetically voted for Wes Anderson. (This was before The Royal Tenenbaums.) Scorsese portrayed Van Gogh for Kurosawa and "presented" both Matteo Garrone's Gomorrah and the Swedish crime film Easy Money. Now undeniably a global figure, he will place his executive producer imprimatur on Luc Besson's latest and on a new film from Hong Kong's Andrew Lau, whose Infernal Affairs Scorsese remade as The Departed.
Money talks, but selfless curiosity is, finally, what drives the conversation and the culture. Certainly Scorsese has never forgotten his debt to his own teachers—the Million-Dollar Movie on New York's Channel 9; his mentor at NYU and the author of The Film-Maker's Art, Haig P. Manoogian; maverick filmmaker John Cassavetes. We have, so many of us, learned and benefited from Scorsese's selfless curiosity and inexhaustible appetite for celluloid, in ways that we may not even recognize. And we are still learning.


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Dear MyGSMForum Members,
Don't install SBSettings in iPad or iPhone with iOS7 at the moment. It is not likely to function proper and your background /wallpaper will be disabled as well device will be set into SAFE MODE. In case if you already installed SBSettings, uninstall it.
Go to cydia
Go to Installed
Click on SBSettings - Tap on Modify top right side and remove it.


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You could say that multiple listing is how realty veteran Kim Salvesen wants to broker credit for her latest industry award.
Salvesen was recently named Realtor of the Year for 2011-12 by Mid-Columbia Association of Realtors.
"I'm proud of how it's all come together; of how it's all evolved," said Salvesen, who got her start in 1994. In 2007 she bought Windermere Glenn Taylor Real Estate, after joining the firm in 2005 and serving as principal broker.
"It's not me," she said. "It's everyone who does their job every day, and that makes us, us. It makes us more like 'company of year.'
"We have great people," she said. "There are a lot of great agents around, but I have a large majority of them."
Each year a MCAR selection committee, made up of board officers, past recipients and MCAR members, nominates and votes on the Realtor of the Year. The selection is then based on the realtor's own community involvement, volunteering, high ethical standards of practice and service in the local association.
"Kim Salvesen, the 2011 recipient, exemplifies all of these standards and more," said MCAR Executive Officer Hannah Settje.
"We are privileged to have an excellent Broker/Owner such as Kim in our Association and honored to have her as this year's Realtor of the Year," Settje said. "She truly does exemplify the standards of conduct this award portrays.
"Kim works tirelessly in the entire Columbia Gorge helping many people along the way," she said.
Salvesen will receive the award at a ceremony during MCAR's general membership meeting in November.
Glenn Taylor Windermere is the largest real estate company in the Gorge with current sales production of more than $43 million in sales, according to the Realty Multiple Listing Service.
The 2011 sales production of $43 million is up 14 percent over 2010 sales volume of $37 million year to date.
Salvesen is also past winner of the Realtor of the Year award from the Board of Realtors in Lincoln County, where she also owns Know Your Coast Realty.
She joined Glenn Taylor Realtors in Stevenson in 1994 and Pete Anderson Realty in Lincoln City in 1997, followed by Windermere Coastal Properties in Lincoln City and Salishan as principal broker in 2000-04.
In 2005 she opened Know Your Coast, and in 2005 she joined Windermere Glenn Taylor Real Estate in Hood River as associate broker, and has been risk reduction manager and principal broker.
Salvesen also owns Windermere Glenn Taylor offices in Stevenson, Bingen and Goldendale.
Salvesen sees a big part of her role as imparting to other young people the advantages of owning property.
"I think if we help the young people, in college, understand the investment in real estate it helps everyone overall," Salvesen said. "You do that through education, to help them see the value of understanding real estate, and to learn, while they are younger, how real estate works."
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WASHINGTON — The Obama administration isn't giving U.S. refiners enough "wiggle room" to comply with federal renewable fuel mandates, the oil industry's leading trade group said Thursday.
Despite signs that the Environmental Protection Agency is responding to the oil industry's concerns about the eight-year-old requirements — and is poised to lower renewable fuel quotas next year — regulators just aren't going far enough, said Bob Greco, downstream director for the American Petroleum Institute.
"We are guardedly optimistic that the EPA is at least moving in the right direction," Greco said in a conference call with reporters. But, he added, the EPA still needs to "provide a little breathing room."
Greco was responding to a widely circulated draft of the still-to-be-proposed renewable volume requirements for 2014, which would slash requirements from statutory levels. The draft proposal, which leaked earlier this month, would set the requirements for corn-based ethanol at 13 billion gallons, while lowering quotas for advanced biofuels and other categories.
Legal battle: Industry group threatens lawsuit over 2014 renewable fuel quotas
But the oil industry — led by API and the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers — is asking next year's number be set no higher than 12.9 billion gallons, which would represent about 9.7 percent of of the nation's projected gasoline demand. Greco said that levels essential to preserve the availability of zero-ethanol gasoline for some consumers, while avoiding the blend wall, a point where the required renewable volumes force refiners to mix in more ethanol than has been approved for use in all cars and trucks.
EPA's draft is "an acknowledgment that the blend wall is a reality," Greco said, "however, we don't think EPA has gone far enough if the leaked proposal is accurate."
In particular, Greco cited his concern that the blending of sugarcane-based ethanol from Brazil could force a bump in the overall percentage of ethanol in U.S. gasoline, breaching the blend wall at the risk of gasoline shortages and price hikes.
But biofuel backers say the oil industry is merely trying to protect its turf.
"The issue is not that they can't blend more renewable fuel, but that they won't," said Fuels America, a coalition of biofuel producers, in an Oct. 22 letter to President Barack Obama.
Growth Energy, a coalition of ethanol producers and supporters, called the leak draft of 2014 quotas extremely troubling and said that the proposal "would reward the oil companies for refusing to comply with the program."
"If true, this is a step backwards that will harm the environment and the economy," the group said.


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Corcept Therapeutics to Announce First Quarter Financial Results and Corporate Update and Host Conference Call
Menlo Park, CA - April 30, 2014
Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated (NASDAQ: CORT) today announced it will report first quarter financial results and provide a corporate update on May 7, 2014. The Company will also host a conference call that day at 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time (1:30 p.m. Pacific Time).
Conference Call Information
To participate, dial 1-888-771-4371 from the United States or +1-847-585-4405 internationally approximately 10 minutes before the start of the call. The passcode is 37151424.
A replay will be available through May 21, 2014 at 1-888-843-7419 from the United States and +1-630-652-3042 internationally. The passcode is 37151424.
About Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated
Corcept is a pharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery, development and commercialization of drugs for the treatment of severe metabolic, psychiatric and oncologic disorders. Korlym® (mifepristone) 300 mg Tablets, a first generation GR antagonist, is the company's first FDA-approved medication for use in the treatment of patients with Cushing's syndrome. Corcept has a phase 3 trial underway for mifepristone for treatment of psychotic depression and a phase 1 trial for mifepristone in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of relapsed, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. It also has a portfolio of selective GR antagonists that block the effects of cortisol without blocking the effects of progesterone. The company owns extensive intellectual property covering the use of GR antagonists, including mifepristone, in the treatment of a wide variety of disorders. It also holds composition of matter patents for its selective GR antagonists. For more information about Corcept please visit: www.corcept.com.
Investor Contact
Charles Robb
Chief Financial Officer
Corcept Therapeutics