text:
[-] Botswana
Okavango Delta
[-] Burkina Faso
Ruins of Loropéni
W-Arly-Pendjari Complex*
[-] Cameroon
Dja Faunal Reserve
Sangha Trinational*
[-] Cape Verde
Cidade Velha, Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande
[-] Central African Republic
Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park
Sangha Trinational*
[-] Congo, The Democratic Republic Of The
Garamba National Park
Kahuzi-Biega National Park
Okapi Wildlife Reserve
Salonga National Park
Sangha Trinational*
Virunga National Park
[-] Cote D Ivoire
Comoé National Park
Historic Town Grand-Bassam
Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve*
Taď National Park
[-] Eritrea
Asmara: a Modernist City of Africa
[-] Ethiopia
Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region
Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town
Konso Cultural Landscape
Lower Valley of the Awash
Lower Valley of the Omo
Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela
Simien National Park
[-] Ghana
Asante Traditional Buildings
Forts and Castles, Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions
[-] Guinea
Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve*
[-] Kenya
Fort Jesus, Mombasa
Kenya Lake System in the Great Rift Valley
Lake Turkana National Parks
Lamu Old Town
Mount Kenya National Park/Natural Forest
Sacred Mijikenda Kaya Forests
[-] Madagascar
Rainforests of the Atsinanana
Royal Hill of Ambohimanga
Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve
[-] Malawi
Chongoni Rock-Art Area
Lake Malawi National Park
[-] Mauritius
Aapravasi Ghat
Le Morne Cultural Landscape
[-] Morocco
Archaeological Site of Volubilis
Historic City of Meknes
Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou
Medina of Essaouira (formerly Mogador)
Medina of Fez
Medina of Marrakesh
Medina of Tétouan (formerly known as Titawin)
Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida)
Rabat, Modern Capital and Historic City: a Shared Heritage
[-] Mozambique
Island of Mozambique
[-] Namibia
Namib Sand Sea
Twyfelfontein or /Ui-//aes
[-] Nigeria
Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove
Sukur Cultural Landscape
[-] Senegal
Bassari Country: Bassari, Fula and Bedik Cultural Landscapes
Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary
Island of Gorée
Island of Saint-Louis
Niokolo-Koba National Park
Saloum Delta
Stone Circles of Senegambia*
[-] Seychelles
Aldabra Atoll
Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve
[-] South Africa
Cape Floral Region Protected Areas
Fossil Hominid Sites of Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai, and Environs
Khomani Cultural Landscape
Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape
Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape
Robben Island
Vredefort Dome
iSimangaliso Wetland Park
uKhahlamba / Drakensberg Park
[-] Sudan
Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe
Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region
Sanganeb Marine National Park and Dungonab Bay – Mukkawar Island Marine National Park
[-] Tanzania
Kilimanjaro National Park
Kondoa Rock-Art Sites
Ngorongoro Conservation Area
Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara
Selous Game Reserve
Serengeti National Park
Stone Town of Zanzibar
[-] Uganda
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park
Rwenzori Mountains National Park
Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi
[-] Zambia
Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls*
[-] Zimbabwe
Great Zimbabwe National Monument
Khami Ruins National Monument
Mana Pools National Park, Sapi and Chewore Safari Areas
Matobo Hills
Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls*
[-] Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua Naval Dockyard and Related Archaeological Sites
[-] Argentina
Cueva de las Manos, RĂo Pinturas
Iguazu National Park
Ischigualasto / Talampaya Natural Parks
Jesuit Block and Estancias of Córdoba
Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis: San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Seńora de Loreto and Santa Maria Mayor (Argentina), Ruins of Sao Miguel das Missoes (Brazil)*
Los Alerces National Park
Los Glaciares
Península Valdés
Qhapaq Ńan, Andean Road System*
Quebrada de Humahuaca
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
[-] Barbados
Historic Bridgetown and its Garrison
[-] Belize
Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System
[-] Bolivia
City of Potosí
Fuerte de Samaipata
Historic City of Sucre
Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos
Noel Kempff Mercado National Park
Qhapaq Ńan, Andean Road System*
Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Centre of the Tiwanaku Culture
[-] Brazil
Atlantic Forest South-East Reserves
Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves
Central Amazon Conservation Complex
Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks
Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves
Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia
Historic Centre of Săo Luís
Historic Centre of the Town of Diamantina
Historic Centre of the Town of Goiás
Historic Centre of the Town of Olinda
Historic Town of Ouro Preto
Iguaçu National Park
Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis: San Ignacio Mini, Santa Ana, Nuestra Seńora de Loreto and Santa Maria Mayor (Argentina), Ruins of Sao Miguel das Missoes (Brazil)*
Pampulha Modern Ensemble
Pantanal Conservation Area
Rio de Janeiro, Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea
Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas
Serra da Capivara National Park
Săo Francisco Square in the Town of Săo Cristovăo
Valongo Wharf Archaeological Site
[-] Canada
Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks
Dinosaur Provincial Park
Gros Morne National Park
Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump
Historic District of Old Québec
Joggins Fossil Cliffs
Kluane / Wrangell-St Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek*
L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Site
Miguasha National Park
Mistaken Point
Nahanni National Park
Old Town Lunenburg
Red Bay Basque Whaling Station
Rideau Canal
SGang Gwaay
The Landscape of Grand-Pré
Waterton Glacier International Peace Park*
Wood Buffalo National Park
[-] Chile
Churches of Chiloé
Historic Quarter of the Seaport City of Valparaíso
Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works
Qhapaq Ńan, Andean Road System*
Rapa Nui National Park
Sewell Mining Town
[-] Colombia
Coffee Cultural Landscape of Colombia
Historic Centre of Santa Cruz de Mompox
Los Katíos National Park
Malpelo Fauna and Flora Sanctuary
National Archeological Park of Tierradentro
Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena
Qhapaq Ńan, Andean Road System*
San Agustín Archaeological Park
[-] Costa Rica
Area de Conservación Guanacaste
Cocos Island National Park
Precolumbian chiefdom settlements with stone spheres of the Diquís
Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park*
[-] Cuba
Alejandro de Humboldt National Park
Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba
Desembarco del Granma National Park
Historic Centre of Camagüey
Old Havana and its Fortifications
San Pedro de la Roca Castle, Santiago de Cuba
Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios
Urban Historic Centre of Cienfuegos
Vińales Valley
[-] Dominica
Morne Trois Pitons National Park
[-] Dominican Republic
Colonial City of Santo Domingo
[-] Ecuador
City of Quito
Galápagos Islands
Historic Centre of Santa Ana de los Ríos de Cuenca
Qhapaq Ńan, Andean Road System*
Sangay National Park
[-] El Salvador
Joya de Cerén Archaeological Site
[-] Honduras
Maya Site of Copan
Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve
[-] Jamaica
Blue and John Crow Mountains
[-] Mexico
Agave Landscape and Ancient Industrial Facilities of Tequila
Ancient Maya City of Calakmul, Campeche
Aqueduct of Padre Tembleque Hydraulic System
Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco
Archaeological Zone of Paquimé, Casas Grandes
Archipiélago de Revillagigedo
Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
Central University City Campus of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
Earliest 16th-Century Monasteries on the Slopes of Popocatepetl
El Pinacate and Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve
El Tajin Pre-Hispanic City
Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda of Querétaro
Historic Centre of Mexico City and Xochimilco
Historic Centre of Morelia
Historic Centre of Oaxaca and Archaeological Site of Monte Albán
Historic Centre of Puebla
Historic Centre of Zacatecas
Historic Fortified Town of Campeche
Historic Monuments Zone of Querétaro
Historic Monuments Zone of Tlacotalpan
Historic Town of Guanajuato and Adjacent Mines
Hospicio Cabańas, Guadalajara
Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California
Luis Barragán House and Studio
Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve
Pre-Hispanic City and National Park of Palenque
Pre-Hispanic City of Chichen-Itza
Pre-Hispanic City of Teotihuacan
Pre-Hispanic Town of Uxmal
Prehistoric Caves of Yagul and Mitla in the Central Valley of Oaxac
Protective town of San Miguel and the Sanctuary of Jesús Nazareno de Atotonilco
Rock Paintings of the Sierra de San Francisco
Sian Kaan
Whale Sanctuary of El Vizcaino
[-] Nicaragua
León Cathedral
Ruins of León Viejo
[-] Panama
Archaeological Site of Panamá Viejo and Historic District of Panamá
Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection
Darien National Park
Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo
Talamanca Range-La Amistad Reserves / La Amistad National Park*
[-] Peru
Chan Chan Archaeological Zone
Chavin (Archaeological Site)
City of Cuzco
Historic Centre of Lima
Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu
Historical Centre of the City of Arequipa
Huascarán National Park
Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Pampas de Jumana
Manú National Park
Qhapaq Ńan, Andean Road System*
Río Abiseo National Park
Sacred City of Caral-Supe
[-] Saint Lucia
Pitons Management Area
[-] St Kitts
Brimstone Hill Fortress National Park
Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site
Carlsbad Caverns National Park
Chaco Culture
Everglades National Park
Grand Canyon National Park
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
Independence Hall
Kluane / Wrangell-St Elias / Glacier Bay / Tatshenshini-Alsek*
La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site in Puerto Rico
Mammoth Cave National Park
Mesa Verde National Park
Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville
Monumental Earthworks of Poverty Point
Olympic National Park
Pueblo de Taos
Redwood National Park
San Antonio Missions
Statue of Liberty
Waterton Glacier International Peace Park*
Yellowstone National Park
Yosemite National Park
[-] Uruguay
Fray Bentos Cultural-Industrial Landscape
Historic Quarter of the City of Colonia del Sacramento
[-] Algeria
Al Qala of Beni Hammad
Kasbah of Algiers
MZab Valley
Tassili Najjer
[-] Bahrain
Pearling, Testimony of an Island Economy
Qal'at al-Bahrain – Ancient Harbour and Capital of Dilmun
[-] Egypt
Abu Mena
Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis
Historic Cairo
Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur
Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae
Saint Catherine Area
Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley)
[-] Iran, Islamic Republic Of
Armenian Monastic Ensembles of Iran
Bam and its Cultural Landscape
Cultural Landscape of Maymand
Golestan Palace
Gonbad-e Qabus
Historic City of Yazd
Lut Desert
Masjed-e Jame of Isfahan
Meidan Emam, Esfahan
Shahr-I Sokhta
Sheikh Safi al-din Khanegah and Shrine Ensemble in Ardabil
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System
Tabriz Historical Bazaar Complex
Takht-e Soleyman
Tchogha Zanbil
The Persian Garden
The Persian Qanat
[-] Iraq
Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat)
Erbil Citadel
Samarra Archaeological City
The Ahwar of Southern Iraq: Refuge of Biodiversity and the Relict Landscape of the Mesopotamian Cities
[-] Israel
Bahá'i Holy Places in Haifa and the Western Galilee
Biblical Tels - Megiddo, Hazor, Beer Sheba
Caves of Maresha and Bet-Guvrin in the Judean Lowlands as a Microcosm of the Land of the Caves
Incense Route - Desert Cities in the Negev
Necropolis of Bet She'arim: A Landmark of Jewish Renewal
Old City of Acre
Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls
Sites of Human Evolution at Mount Carmel : The Nahal Me'arot/Wadi el-Mughara Caves
White City of Tel-Aviv -- the Modern Movement
[-] Jordan
Baptism Site "Bethany Beyond the Jordan" (Al-Maghtas)
Quseir Amra
Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a)
Wadi Rum Protected Area
[-] Lebanon
Ouadi Qadisha (the Holy Valley) and the Forest of the Cedars of God (Horsh Arz el-Rab)
[-] Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Archaeological Site of Cyrene
Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna
Archaeological Site of Sabratha
Old Town of Ghadamčs
Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus
[-] Oman
Aflaj Irrigation Systems of Oman
Archaeological Sites of Bat Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn
Bahla Fort
Land of Frankincense
[-] Palestine
Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem
Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town
Palestine: Land of Olives and Vines - Cultural Landscape of Southern Jerusalem, Battir
[-] Qatar
Al Zubarah Archaeological Site
[-] Saudi Arabia
Al-Hijr Archaeological Site (Madâin Sâlih)
At Turaif District in ad-Dir'iyah
Historic Jeddah, the Gate to Makkah
Rock Art in the Hail Region of Saudi Arabia
[-] Syria
Ancient City of Aleppo
Ancient City of Bosra
Ancient City of Damascus
Ancient Villages of Northern Syria
Crac des Chevaliers and Qal'at Salah El-Din
Site of Palmyra
[-] Tunisia
Amphitheatre of El Jem
Dougga / Thugga
Ichkeul National Park
Medina of Sousse
Medina of Tunis
Punic Town of Kerkuane and its Necropolis
Site of Carthage
[-] United Arab Emirates
Cultural Sites of Al Ain (Hafit, Hili, Bidaa Bint Saud and Oases Areas)
[-] Afghanistan
Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley
Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam
[-] Australia
Australian Convict Sites
Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh / Naracoorte)
Fraser Island
Gondwana Rainforests of Australia
Great Barrier Reef
Greater Blue Mountains Area
Heard and McDonald Islands
Kakadu National Park
Lord Howe Island Group
Macquarie Island
Ningaloo Coast
Purnululu National Park
Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens
Shark Bay Western Australia
Sydney Opera House
Tasmanian Wilderness
Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park
Wet Tropics of Queensland
Willandra Lakes Region
[-] Bangladesh
Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat
Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur
The Sundarbans
[-] Cambodia
Temple Zone of Sambor Prei Kuk, Archaeological Site of Ancient Ishanapura
Temple of Preah Vihear
[-] China
Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains
Ancient City of Ping Yao
Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun
Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom
Chengjiang Fossil Site
China Danxia
Classical Gardens of Suzhou
Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
Dazu Rock Carvings
Fujian Tulou
Historic Centre of Macao
Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace Lhasa
Historic Monuments of Dengfeng, in the `Centre of Heaven and Earth`
Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area
Hubei Shennongjia
Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang
Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area
Kaiping Diaolou and Villages
Kulangsu: a Historic International Settlement
Longmen Grottoes
Lushan National Park
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
Mogao Caves
Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area
Mount Huangshan
Mount Qingcheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System
Mount Sanqingshan National Park
Mount Taishan
Mount Wutai
Mount Wuyi
Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples Chengde
Old Town of Lijiang
Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian
Qinghai Hoh Xil
Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries - Wolong, Mt Siguniang and Jiajin Mountains
Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor*
Site of Xanadu
South China Karst
Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing
Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu
Temple of Heaven: an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing
The Grand Canal
The Great Wall
Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas
Tusi Sites
West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou
Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area
Xinjiang Tianshan
Yin Xu
Yungang Grottoes
Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art Cultural Landscape
[-] Fiji
Levuka Historical Port Town
[-] India
Agra Fort
Ajanta Caves
Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara (Nalanda University) at Nalanda, Bihar
Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi
Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus)
Churches and Convents of Goa
Elephanta Caves
Ellora Caves
Fatehpur Sikri
Great Himalayan National Park
Great Living Chola Temples
Group of Monuments at Hampi
Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
Group of Monuments at Pattadakal
Hill Forts of Rajasthan
Historic City of Ahmadabad
Humayuns Tomb Delhi
Jantar Mantar
Kaziranga National Park
Keoladeo National Park
Khajuraho Group of Monuments
Khangchendzonga National Park
Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
Mountain Railways of India
Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
Qutb Minar and its Monuments Delhi
Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen's Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat
Red Fort Complex
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
Sun Temple, Konârak
Sundarbans National Park
Taj Mahal
Western Ghats
[-] Indonesia
Borobudur Temple Compounds
Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: the Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy
Komodo National Park
Lorentz National Park
Prambanan Temple Compounds
Sangiran Early Man Site
Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra
Ujung Kulon National Park
[-] Japan
Buddhist Monuments in the Horyu-ji Area
Fujisan, sacred place and source of artistic inspiration
Gusuku Sites and Related Properties of the Kingdom of Ryukyu
Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land
Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome)
Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto Uji and Otsu Cities)
Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara
Historic Villages of Shirakawa-go and Gokayama
Itsukushima Shinto Shrine
Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape
Ogasawara Islands
Sacred Island of Okinoshima and Associated Sites in the Munakata Region
Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range
Shrines and Temples of Nikko
Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Sites
[-] Kazakhstan
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
Petroglyphs within the Archaeological Landscape of Tamgaly
Saryarka – Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan
Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor*
Western Tien-Shan
[-] Kiribati
Phoenix Islands Protected Area (Kiribati)
[-] Korea, Democratic People
Complex of Koguryo Tombs
Historic Monuments and Sites in Kaesong
[-] Kyrgyzstan
Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor*
Sulaiman-Too Sacred Mountain
Western Tien-Shan
[-] Lao People
Town of Luang Prabang
Vat Phou and Associated Ancient Settlements within the Champasak Cultural Landscape
[-] Malaysia
Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley
Gunung Mulu National Park
Kinabalu Park
Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca
[-] Marshall Islands
Bikini Atoll, Nuclear Test Site
[-] Micronesia
Nan Madol: Ceremonial Centre of Eastern Micronesia
[-] Mongolia
Great Burkhan Khaldun Mountain and its surrounding sacred landscape
Landscapes of Dauria*
Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape
Petroglyphic Complexes of the Mongolian Altai
Uvs Nuur Basin*
[-] Myanmar
Pyu Ancient Cities
[-] Nepal
Kathmandu Valley
Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha
Royal Chitwan National Park
Sagarmatha National Park
[-] New Zealand
New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands
Te Wahipounamu – South West New Zealand
Tongariro National Park
[-] Pakistan
Archaeological Ruins at Moenjodaro
Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahi and Neighbouring City Remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol
Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore
Historical Monuments at Makli, Thatta
Rohtas Fort
[-] Palau
Rock Islands Southern Lagoon
[-] Papua New Guinea
Kuk Early Agricultural Site
[-] Philippines
Baroque Churches of the Philippines
Historic Town of Vigan
Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary
Puerto-Princesa Subterranean River National Park
Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park
[-] S Korea
Baekje Historic Areas
Changdeokgung Palace Complex
Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites
Gyeongju Historic Areas
Haeinsa Temple Janggyeong Panjeon, the Depositories for the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks
Historic Villages of Korea: Hahoe and Yangdong
Hwaseong Fortress
Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes
Jongmyo Shrine
Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty
Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple
[-] Singapore
Singapore Botanic Gardens
[-] Solomon Islands
East Rennell
[-] Sri Lanka
Ancient City of Polonnaruwa
Ancient City of Sigiriya
Central Highlands of Sri Lanka
Golden Temple of Dambulla
Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications
Sacred City of Anuradhapura
Sacred City of Kandy
Sinharaja Forest Reserve
[-] Thailand
Ban Chiang Archaeological Site
Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai Forest Complex
Historic City of Ayutthaya
Historic Town of Sukhothai and Associated Historic Towns
Thungyai-Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuaries
[-] Turkmenistan
Parthian Fortresses of Nisa
State Historical and Cultural Park `Ancient Merv`
[-] Uzbekistan
Historic Centre of Bukhara
Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz
Itchan Kala
Samarkand – Crossroads of Cultures
Western Tien-Shan
[-] Vanuatu
Chief Roi Mata's Domain
[-] Albania
Historic Centres of Berat and Gjirokastra
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
[-] Andorra
Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley
[-] Armenia
Cathedral and Churches of Echmiatsin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots
Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin
Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley
[-] Austria
City of Graz - Historic Centre
Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape*
Hallstatt-Dachstein / Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape
Historic Centre of Vienna
Historic Centre of the City of Salzburg
Palace and Gardens of Schönbrunn
Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps*
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
Semmering Railway
Wachau Cultural Landscape
[-] Azerbaijan
Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape
Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower
[-] Belarus
Architectural, Residential and Cultural Complex of the Radziwill Family at Nesvizh
Belovezhskaya Pushcha / Bialowieza Forest*
Mir Castle Complex
Struve Geodetic Arc*
[-] Belgium
Belfries of Belgium and France*
Flemish Béguinages
Historic Centre of Brugge
La Grand-Place, Brussels
Major Mining Sites of Wallonia
Major Town Houses of the Architect Victor Horta (Brussels)
Neolithic Flint Mines at Spiennes (Mons)
Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai
Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
Stoclet House
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
The Four Lifts on the Canal du Centre and their Environs, La Louvičre and Le Roeulx (Hainault)
[-] Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mehmed Paša Sokolovic Bridge in Višegrad
Old Bridge Area of the Old City of Mostar
Ste?ci Medieval Tombstones Graveyards
[-] Bulgaria
Ancient City of Nessebar
Boyana Church
Madara Rider
Pirin National Park
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
Rila Monastery
Rock-Hewn Churches of Ivanovo
Srebarna Nature Reserve
Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak
Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari
[-] Croatia
Episcopal Complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the Historic Centre of Porec
Historic City of Trogir
Historical Complex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian
Old City of Dubrovnik
Plitvice Lakes National Park
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
Stari Grad Plain
Ste?ci Medieval Tombstones Graveyards
The Cathedral of St James in Šibenik
Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar*
[-] Czech Rep
Gardens and Castle at Kromeríž
Historic Centre of Ceský Krumlov
Historic Centre of Prague
Historic Centre of Telc
Holašovice Historical Village Reservation
Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc
Jewish Quarter and St Procopius' Basilica in Trebic
Kutná Hora: Historical Town Centre with the Church of St Barbara and the Cathedral of Our Lady at Sedlec
Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape
Litomyšl Castle
Pilgrimage Church of St John of Nepomuk at Zelená Hora
Tugendhat Villa in Brno
[-] Denmark
Christiansfeld, a Moravian Church Settlement
Ilulissat Icefjord
Jelling Mounds Runic Stones and Church
Kronborg Castle
Kujataa Greenland: Norse and Inuit Farming at the Edge of the Ice Cap
Roskilde Cathedral
Stevns Klint
The Wadden Sea*
The par force hunting landscape in North Zealand
[-] Finland
Bronze Age Burial Site of Sammallahdenmäki
Fortress of Suomenlinna
High Coast / Kvarken Archipelago*
Old Rauma
Petäjävesi Old Church
Struve Geodetic Arc*
Verla Groundwood and Board Mill
[-] France
Abbey Church of Saint-Savin sur Gartempe
Amiens Cathedral
Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments
Belfries of Belgium and France*
Bordeaux, Port of the Moon
Bourges Cathedral
Canal du Midi
Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Former Abbey of Saint-Remi and Palace of Tau, Reims
Champagne Hillsides, Houses and Cellars
Chartres Cathedral
Cistercian Abbey of Fontenay
Climats, terroirs of Burgundy
Decorated cave of Pont d'Arc, known as Grotte Chauvet-Pont d'Arc, Ardčche
Episcopal City of Albi
Fortifications of Vauban
From the Great Saltworks of Salins-les-Bains to the Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans, the production of open-pan salt
Gulf of Porto: Calanche of Piana, Gulf of Girolata, Scandola Reserve
Historic Centre of Avignon: Papal Palace, Episcopal Ensemble and Avignon Bridge
Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne
Historic Site of Lyons
Jurisdiction of Saint-Emilion
Lagoons of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystems
Le Havre, the City Rebuilt by Auguste Perret
Mont-Saint-Michel and its Bay
Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin
Palace and Park of Fontainebleau
Palace and Park of Versailles
Paris Banks of the Seine
Pitons, Cirques and Remparts of Reunion Island
Place Stanislas, Place de la Carričre and Place dAlliance in Nancy
Pont du Gard (Roman Aqueduct)
Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps*
Prehistoric Sites and Decorated Caves of the Vézčre Valley
Provins, Town of Medieval Fairs
Pyrénées - Mont Perdu*
Roman Theatre and its Surroundings and the Triumphal Arch of Orange
Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France
Strasbourg: from Grande-île to Neustadt, a European urban scene
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape
The Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loire and Chalonnes
Vézelay, Church and Hill
[-] Germany
Aachen Cathedral
Abbey and Altenmünster of Lorsch
Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau
Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe
Berlin Modernism Housing Estates
Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey
Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl
Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura
Classical Weimar
Collegiate Church, Castle, and Old Town of Quedlinburg
Cologne Cathedral
Fagus Factory in Alfeld
Frontiers of the Roman Empire*
Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz
Hanseatic City of Lübeck
Historic Centres of Stralsund and Wismar
Luther Memorials in Eisleben and Wittenberg
Margravial Opera House Bayreuth
Maulbronn Monastery Complex
Messel Pit Fossil Site
Mines of Rammelsberg and Historic Town of Goslar
Monastic Island of Reichenau
Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin
Muskauer Park / Park Muzakowski*
Old town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof
Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin
Pilgrimage Church of Wies
Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps*
Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier
Speicherstadt and Kontorhaus District with Chilehaus
Speyer Cathedral
St Marys Cathedral and St Michaels Church at Hildesheim
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
The Wadden Sea*
Town Hall and Roland on the Marketplace of Bremen
Town of Bamberg
Upper Middle Rhine Valley
Völklingen Ironworks
Wartburg Castle
Würzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square
Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen
[-] Greece
Acropolis Athens
Archaeological Site of Aigai (modern name Vergina)
Archaeological Site of Delphi
Archaeological Site of Mystras
Archaeological Site of Olympia
Archaeological Site of Philippi
Archaeological Sites of Mycenae and Tiryns
Historic Centre (Chorá) with the Monastery of Saint John `the Theologian` and the Cave of the Apocalypse on the Island of Pátmos
Medieval City of Rhodes
Monasteries of Daphni Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni of Chios
Mount Athos
Old Town of Corfu
Paleochristian and Byzantine Monuments of Thessalonika
Pythagoreion and Heraion of Samos
Sanctuary of Asklepios at Epidaurus
Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae
[-] Holy See (Vatican City State)
Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura
Vatican City
[-] Hungary
Budapest including the Banks of the Danube the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst*
Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae)
Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape*
Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta
Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment
Old Village of Hollóko and its Surroundings
Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape
[-] Iceland
Ţingvellir National Park
[-] Italy
18th-Century Royal Palace at Caserta with the Park, the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli, and the San Leucio Complex
Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalú and Monreale
Archaeological Area and the Patriarchal Basilica of Aquileia
Archaeological Area of Agrigento
Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata
Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites
Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico), Padua
Castel del Monte
Cathedral, Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena
Church and Dominican Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie with `The Last Supper` by Leonardo da Vinci
Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula
City of Verona
City of Vicenza and the Palladian Villas of the Veneto
Costiera Amalfitana
Crespi d'Adda
Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna
Etruscan Necropolises of Cerveteri and Tarquinia
Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta
Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli
Historic Centre of Florence
Historic Centre of Naples
Historic Centre of Rome, the Properties of the Holy See in that City Enjoying Extraterritorial Rights and San Paolo Fuori le Mura
Historic Centre of San Gimignano
Historic Centre of Siena
Historic Centre of Urbino
Historic Centre of the City of Pienza
Isole Eolie (Aeolian Islands)
Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto (South-Eastern Sicily)
Longobards in Italy. Places of the power (568-774 A.D.)
Mantua and Sabbioneta
Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany
Mount Etna
Piazza del Duomo Pisa
Portovenere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto)
Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps*
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
Residences of the Royal House of Savoy
Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes*
Rock Drawings in Valcamonica
Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy
Su Nuraxi di Barumini
Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica
The Dolomites
The Sassi and the Park of the Rupestrian Churches of Matera
The Trulli of Alberobello
The Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato
Val d'Orcia
Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar*
Venice and its Lagoon
Villa Adriana (Tivoli)
Villa Romana del Casale
Villa d'Este, Tivoli
[-] Latvia
Historic Centre of Riga
Struve Geodetic Arc*
[-] Lithuania
Curonian Spit*
Kernave. Archaeological Site (Cultural Reserve of Kernave.)
Struve Geodetic Arc*
Vilnius Historic Centre
[-] Luxembourg
City of Luxembourg: its Old Quarters and Fortifications
[-] Macedonia
Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Ohrid region
[-] Moldova, Republic Of
Struve Geodetic Arc*
[-] Montenegro
Durmitor National Park
Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor
Ste?ci Medieval Tombstones Graveyards
Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar*
[-] Netherlands
Defence Line of Amsterdam
Droogmakerij de Beemster (Beemster Polder)
Historic Area of Willemstad, Inner City and Harbour, Netherlands Antilles
Ir.D.F. Woudagemaal (D.F. Wouda Steam Pumping Station)
Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elshout
Rietveld Schröderhuis (Rietveld Schröder House)
Schokland and Surroundings
Seventeenth-century Canal Ring Area inside the Singelgracht, Amsterdam
The Wadden Sea*
Van Nellefabriek
[-] Norway
Rjukan–Notodden Industrial Heritage Site
Rock Art of Alta
Rřros Mining Town
Struve Geodetic Arc*
Urnes Stave Church
Vegařyan -- The Vega Archipelago
West Norwegian Fjords – Geirangerfjord and Nćrřyfjord
[-] Poland
Auschwitz Birkenau
Belovezhskaya Pushcha / Bialowieza Forest*
Castle of the Teutonic Order in Malbork
Centennial Hall in Wroclaw
Churches of Peace in Jawor and S'widnica
Cracows Historic Centre
Historic Centre of Warsaw
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska: the Mannerist Architectural and Park Landscape Complex and Pilgrimage Park
Medieval Town of Torun
Muskauer Park / Park Muzakowski*
Old City of Zamosc
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
Tarnowskie Góry Lead-Silver-Zinc Mine and its Underground Water Management System
Wieliczka and Bochnia Royal Salt Mines
Wooden Churches of Southern Little Poland
Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine
[-] Portugal
Alto Douro Wine Region
Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroismo in the Azores
Convent of Christ in Tomar
Cultural Landscape of Sintra
Garrison Border Town of Elvas and its Fortifications
Historic Centre of Guimarăes
Historic Centre of Oporto
Historic Centre of Évora
Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture
Laurisilva of Madeira
Monastery of Alcobaça
Monastery of Batalha
Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of Belém in Lisbon
Prehistoric Rock-Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde*
University of Coimbra – Alta and Sofia
[-] Romania
Churches of Moldavia
Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains
Danube Delta
Historic Centre of Sighisoara
Monastery of Horezu
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania
Wooden Churches of Maramures
[-] Russian Fed
Architectural Ensemble of the Trinity Sergius Lavra in Sergiev Posad
Assumption Cathedral and Monastery of the town-island of Sviyazhsk
Bolgar Historical and Archaeological Complex
Central Sikhote-Alin
Church of the Ascension Kolomenskoye
Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent
Cultural and Historic Ensemble of the Solovetsky Islands
Curonian Spit*
Ensemble of the Ferrapontov Monastery
Ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent
Golden Mountains of Altai
Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments
Historic Monuments of Novgorod and Surroundings
Historic and Architectural Complex of the Kazan Kremlin
Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl
Kizhi Pogost
Kremlin and Red Square Moscow
Lake Baikal
Landscapes of Dauria*
Lena Pillars Nature Park
Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve
Putorana Plateau
Struve Geodetic Arc*
Uvs Nuur Basin*
Virgin Komi Forests
Volcanoes of Kamchatka
Western Caucasus
White Monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal
[-] San Marino
San Marino Historic Centre and Mount Titano
[-] Serbia
Gamzigrad-Romuliana, Palace of Galerius
Medieval Monuments in Kosovo
Stari Ras and Sopocani
Ste?ci Medieval Tombstones Graveyards
Studenica Monastery
[-] Slovakia
Bardejov Town Conservation Reserve
Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst*
Historic Town of Banská Štiavnica and the Technical Monuments in its Vicinity
Levoc a Spišský Hrad and the Associated Cultural Monuments
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
Wooden Churches of the Slovak part of the Carpathian Mountain Area
[-] Slovenia
Heritage of Mercury Almadén and Idrija*
Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps*
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
Škocjan Caves
[-] Spain
Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada
Antequera Dolmens Site
Aranjuez Cultural Landscape
Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida
Archaeological Ensemble of Tárraco
Archaeological Site of Atapuerca
Burgos Cathedral
Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí
Cathedral Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville
Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain
Cultural Landscape of the Serra de Tramuntana
Dońana National Park
Garajonay National Park
Heritage of Mercury Almadén and Idrija*
Historic Centre of Cordoba
Historic City of Toledo
Historic Walled Town of Cuenca
Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture
La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia
Las Médulas
Monastery and Site of the Escurial, Madrid
Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias
Mudejar Architecture of Aragon
Old City of Salamanca
Old Town of Cáceres
Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct
Old Town of Ávila with its Extra-Muros Churches
Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona
Palmeral of Elche
Poblet Monastery
Prehistoric Rock-Art Sites in the Côa Valley and Siega Verde*
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
Pyrénées - Mont Perdu*
Renaissance Monumental Ensembles of Úbeda and Baeza
Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula
Roman Walls of Lugo
Route of Santiago de Compostela
Royal Monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe
San Cristóbal de La Laguna
San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries
Santiago de Compostela (Old Town)
Teide National Park
Tower of Hercules
University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de Henares
Vizcaya Bridge
Works of Antoni Gaudí
[-] Sweden
Agricultural Landscape of Southern Öland
Birka and Hovgĺrden
Church Village of Gammelstad, LuleĂĄ
Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland
Engelsberg Ironworks
Hanseatic Town of Visby
High Coast / Kvarken Archipelago*
Laponian Area
Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun
Naval Port of Karlskrona
Rock Carvings in Tanum
Royal Domain of Drottningholm
Struve Geodetic Arc*
Varberg Radio Station
[-] Switzerland
Benedictine Convent of St John at Müstair
Convent of St Gall
La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle, watchmaking town planning
Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces
Monte San Giorgio
Old City of Berne
Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps*
Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes*
Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch
Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
Three Castles, Defensive Wall and Ramparts of the Market-Town of Bellinzona
[-] Turkey
Archaeological Site of Ani
Archaeological Site of Troy
Bursa and Cumal?k?z?k: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire
City of Safranbolu
Diyarbak?r Fortress and Hevsel Gardens Cultural Landscape
Great Mosque and Hospital of Divrigi
Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia
Hattusha: the Hittite Capital
Historic Areas of Istanbul
Nemrut Dag
Neolithic Site of Çatalhöyük
Pergamon and its Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape
Selimiye Mosque and its Social Complex
Blaenavon Industrial Landscape
Blenheim Palace
Canterbury Cathedral St Augustines Abbey and St Martins Church
Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd
City of Bath
Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape
Derwent Valley Mills
Dorset and East Devon Coast
Durham Castle and Cathedral
Frontiers of the Roman Empire*
Giants Causeway and Causeway Coast
Gorham's Cave Complex
Gough and Inaccessible Islands
Heart of Neolithic Orkney
Henderson Island
Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications, Bermuda
Ironbridge Gorge
Liverpool - Maritime Mercantile City
Maritime Greenwich
New Lanark
Old and New Towns of Edinburgh
Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
St Kilda
Stonehenge Avebury and Associated Sites
Studley Royal Park including the Ruins of Fountains Abbey
The English Lake District
The Forth Bridge
Tower of London
Westminster Palace Westminster Abbey and Saint Margarets Church
[-] Ukraine
Ancient City of Tauric Chersonese and its Chora
Kiev: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings Kiev-Pechersk Lavra
L'viv - the Ensemble of the Historic Centre
Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe
Residence of Bukovinian and Dalmatian Metropolitans
Struve Geodetic Arc*
Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine


text:
BVSU superintendent outlines goals
Arlington has discussed going to wireless Internet in the buildings for the past year, although Gallese said if money is available in a technology sinking she would like to move on it ahead of schedule this spring.
There will be a need for wireless Internet to expand the technology infrastructure in the school, but Gallese said there is already a need to fully use what is already in place at Fisher Elementary and Arlington Memorial Middle and High School. Last school year iPad computers were bought for special educators to use, and two more recent grants have allowed the district to purchase additional iPads, but teachers are not able to use them in ways they would like due to a lack of wireless Internet.
"We cannot use these iPads because we are not wireless," Gallese said. "There's also people in the special education department who have downloaded terrific apps to use with special needs students, again we cannot use that here because we are not wireless."
Gallese also said fourth and fifth grade students who have one-to-one netbook computers must have Internet cords plugged into each computer to use the Web.
Another reason Gallese said the wireless upgrades should be done sooner rather than later is to avoid expensive upgrades to the system that will not need to be done if it goes wireless.
Gallese was unsure how much money is available to do the upgrades in the spring, but the board said it would support the upgrades if there are funds available.
Business Manager Richard Pembroke suggested the district may want to first hire a consultant to map its buildings and determine the best locations for access points. That is what the Southwest Vermont Supervisory Union did two years ago before it installed wireless Internet throughout Bennington-area schools. After it is decided where those access points will need to be placed it would then be easier to go out to bid to do the installation, Pembroke said.
In addition to wireless Internet upgrades, Gallese said continuing to upgrade technology in the schools and train all teachers so they are comfortable using it is another goal of hers.
Gallese also listed goals around curriculum, such as continuing to align curriculum with the Common Core Standards that Vermont will implement in 2013 and developing a long range plan for curriculum and professional development.
Other goals she listed include implementing a five-year plan and continuing to grow a "viable and organized superintendent's office" after the entire staff in that office changed prior to the start of this school year.
"For me, I feel as though I have to continue to gain knowledge of the role as a superintendent, bring additional revenues into the union through grants, and establish procedures for new hires, budget process and data collection," she said.
In addition to the superintendent's goals, the BVSU board is expected to discuss other goals it would like to see in the supervisory union later this month.
If you'd like to leave a comment (or a tip or a question) about this story with the editors, please email us. We also welcome letters to the editor for publication; you can do that by filling out our letters form and submitting it to the newsroom.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Green building? As in green paint or unseasoned wood? No, "green building" is the industry buzzword for environmentally friendly, responsible, sustainable building.
Some green building practices are a replacement for standard stick-frame construction, while others focus on the home's size or building technique. Traditional stick-frame-looking houses can be built using cordwood; timber framing; logs; structural insulated panels (SIPS); strawbale; adobe; concrete and prefabricated (kit) packages. Some shelters that take on a totally different look and feel from traditional houses are tipis, yurts, cob, dome and earth-sheltered houses.
For all of human history, people have built their homes from the materials at hand: stone, logs and dirt. As transportation improved and there was a need and desire for "bigger and better," building materials were transported up to thousands of miles to construct wonderfully innovative and grand homes. With fuel costs risisng and the awareness of the fragility and limitations of our environment to provide us with all that we desire, architects and contractors are beginning to see the wisdom in sustainable building techniques. For generations, pioneers, back-to-the-landers, do-it-yourselfers and just plain creative folk have built houses from recycled and local materials, houses on wheels, micro-houses (Thoreau), tree houses and many other creative and fanciful designs.
As the Earth's resources are depleted, another aspect of green building that is becoming important is the use of more effective insulating materials, such as SIPS, concrete, low-emissivity glass and passive solar design, to cut down on the amount of energy needed to heat and cool our homes. In addition, the kind of materials used in home building is changing with the realization that products that we thought were safe to use, may not be — such as arsenic-treated wood. Arsenic leaches into the soil and accumulates there. New plastic/wood products that last longer than treated wood and do not put harmful chemicals into the environment are available at most home improvement stores.
Green Building Resources
Excerpted from A House of Straw by Carolyn Roberts, Mother Earth News April/May 2003
In the early 1990s, I saw a TV show about a family without exceptional building skills who were building their own house with low-cost, natural materials that harmonized with our planet's ecosystem. My do-it-yourself genes jumped for joy. I became obsessed with the idea of building a house made of straw bales, an abundant by-product of grain production, and finished with earthen plasters made from clay, sand and chopped straw. It couldn't be all that hard to stack up some bales and cover them with mud, I figured. This would be the ultimate craft project, save money and give me a beautiful home at the same time.
I kept studying everything I could find about natural building. It all made sense: By placing large windows on the south side of a house, we could use the low winter sun for heating and lighten our dependence on gas or electricity. By building walls with straw bales, we would have an R-50 insulation from the summer heat — more insulation than most homes even have in their ceilings. Of course, we would have to insulate the ceiling, too.
An earthen floor and earthen plasters would provide thermal mass for the interior of the house. Just as rocks absorb the heat of the sun and then continue to emit that warmth after the sun sets, the earthen plasters would heat or cool with the interior of the house and then emit and help maintain that temperature.
I thought we could build one of these houses slowly, over the years, somewhere out in the country, beyond the realm of building inspections — someday. However, my husband didn't really share my dream. We ultimately went our separate ways: I found myself suddenly divorced and without enough monthly income to pay all our bills plus a mortgage; the time was upon me to turn my dream into reality.
The fact that I had no building experience, only $25,000 in savings and very little free time didn't bother me — at first. After all, I had a stack of how-to books on my coffee table and I would have the help of my two sons, Andrzej (pronounced 'Andre') and J.J. They were 15 and 17 when we began the construction of our straw bale home in the Sonoran desert near Tucson.
I was pretty sure I had an extreme challenge ahead of me, but I didn't realize I'd be leaving my former life behind. In building this house I found new muscles, new ways of thinking and, especially, new friends. What I really wanted from my house was a joyful, meaningful life — and I found one.
Straw-bale building experts Bill and Athena Steen, and an architect, Wayne Bingham, gave me a sketch and floor plan. They had been working on small, efficient house designs that consume fewer resources and cost less to build.
The interior of my house is about 1,000 square feet of enclosed living space. The boys share the loft, and my bedroom and the bathroom are below. The west side of the house has a U-shaped kitchen and dining area. The enclosed porch is a passive-solar sunroom on the south side of the house that I can open up to the house when I want the warmth, or close off in the summer.
Through this house design, I learned simplicity. In preparation for moving into a smaller house, the boys and I gave away our extra possessions, keeping only what we really used, from the pots and pans in the kitchen to the clothes in our closets. We haven't missed a single thing we gave away.
The foundation was a dusty, difficult process with days of labor laying out the footings, then building forms for the concrete. I also had to dig deep trenches and lay plumbing from the house to the septic tank. It was a time when reality came crashing into my dream, and fear and fatigue threatened to destroy the project. I might have given up, if that had been an option. I learned to toss out self-pity and my jealousy of people who were spending their weekends by the pool. I stayed focused on being grateful that I had a passion and was being given the opportunity to turn my dream into reality. I also learned to divide the huge project into small steps and not to let myself become overwhelmed by the work that lay ahead of me.
After days of toiling with dirt and concrete, a lovely moment arrived when golden bales of straw were piled by the foundation and 20 people showed up to help raise my walls. I'd found these volunteers through friends, from notices I'd put in health-food stores and an announcement I'd sent out on the straw bale listserv. With an experienced straw-bale builder, Matts Myhrman, as our leader, we divided into teams to handle each wall and corner of the house. Some people tied custom bales to fit against the window and door bucks, while others raked the loose straw into bags for later use in our earthen plasters. I was the host, answering questions, providing food and making sure everyone had the supplies they needed.
On this day, I discovered the deep joy of building by community. Many of the volunteers were complete strangers who have now become friends, and they all worked hard to make sure my walls were straight and strong. Now, I eagerly attend every wall raising I can. Work and play don't have to be separate experiences.
After enduring a post-wall-raising depression, I faced the challenge of putting a very steep roof over the bale walls. The scary part began when we had to fasten large sheets of oriented-strand board (OSB) and metal roofing on top of the trusses. To get through this phase, I had to overcome my fear of heights. I could feel the freedom of working high in the blue sky, with the birds and the tops of the saguaro cactus at eye level.
After we moved into a construction trailer on the land, the boys caught my enthusiasm and volunteered more often. I also found a consultant to help me with the difficult jobs, answer questions and tell me how to survive all the building inspections. I finally had the help and support I needed.
Once the roof was on, the basic structure of the house was completed, but there were many, many hours of carpentry to go as I filled in the gable ends and installed windows and doors. This took patience and more learning, along with hard work while I was balanced on ladders and scaffolds. But this was the spiritual part of the construction for me, as I began to relax with the work and enjoy my craft in the open desert on the long summer evenings. I almost regretted enclosing the house, shutting out the soothing, melodic sounds of nature.
One year after the wall-raising party, I was ready to have another gathering to coat the bales with plasters made from clay and chopped straw. Sixteen people showed up on a cold, wet day and worked in teams, chopping straw, mixing mud and covering the entire house in one day. Again, I was so touched by the hard work that people, many of them strangers, put into my house. This house was built by a community of people who love natural building.
Installing the earthen floor was like running uphill at the end of a marathon. It truly was only with the help of a steady stream of volunteers that I made it through this difficult work.
When my house passed its final inspection, I felt as though I had graduated from college and put on a Broadway production at the same time. I was tired, but I was a stronger, more joyful person with a great faith that life is ours for the creating, as long as we don't give up on our dreams. I still enjoy making things more than buying them — even houses.
We've been in the house almost two years now. The fun really began after we moved in as I covered the earthen plasters with pottery clays and the drywall with burlap soaked in clay and water. We love the solid, slightly uneven walls with their natural textures, and I especially enjoy my low mortgage and utility bills. We truly have a home, sweet home.
Excluding the porch expenses, and using the exterior dimensions of 1,200 square feet, construction costs were calculated at $37 per square foot. Using the interior living space of 995 square feet, calculated costs were $45 per square foot. The 925-square-foot covered porch cost $7,000, or $7.57 per square foot. Carolyn borrowed $50,000 from the bank and pays about $425 a month toward her mortgage.
Excerpted from The Charm of Cordwood Construction by Rob Roy, Mother Earth News June/July 2003
This ancient building style — many references date it back 1,000 years — has known a substantial rebirth since the first articles about it appeared in Mother Earth News a quarter of a century ago. In cordwood construction, walls are constructed of log-ends — short logs, 12 to 24 inches long — mortared up transversely in the wall, similar to the way firewood is stacked.
In Canada, it's commonly known as stackwall building. Log-ends can be cut from wood that is unsuitable for other purposes, such as fire-killed standing wood, ends and pieces from a sawmill, logging slash, and curved branches and trunks. Portland cement, mixed with sand, sawdust and builder's lime, generally serves as the mortar between the "courses" of cordwood.
In 1974, Jaki and I bought land in northern New York to pursue our vision of a self-reliant lifestyle. In those days, the "natural building" structure of choice was the log cabin. We had helped with constructing a log home, and we knew from experience that fitting and hefting the large logs was a lot of hard work. We also knew that in our area, 15 miles from the Canadian border, we would not find logs thick enough to provide adequate insulation against the harsh climate. And building another internal insulated frame inside the log walls seemed to defeat the purpose of minimizing the use of materials.
About this time, we stumbled upon the April 1974 issue of National Geographic, which contained a picture of a cordwood home in Skowhegan, Washington. Immediately, we knew that we had found a method of building that satisfied our criteria. Building with cordwood masonry would be cheaper and more efficient than building with conventional methods, as we could salvage "unsuitable wood" to use for construction and we could build the home ourselves. Cordwood's thick, stalwart walls also would buffer this region's temperature extremes. However, it was probably the unique beauty of these buildings that sealed the deal for us.
Over the past quarter century, Jaki and I have built four homes and innumerable outbuildings with cordwood masonry. In November 2002, we completed a beautiful new sunroom addition to Earthwood, our primary home and the home of Earthwood Building School, where we give workshops on cordwood construction. When people ask us why we're so enthusiastic about cordwood masonry, I am fond of listing what I call the "5-E Advantages."
Cordwood accommodates three structural styles quite easily.
Round or curved-wall buildings. A round house makes good use of a quirk of geometry, enclosing a desired space with the least amount of materials. Birds, bees and beavers — as well as so-called "primitive" societies — know this instinctively.
Our round Earthwood house is a good example of using cordwood masonry as a load-bearing structure. The lower courses at Earthwood support two full stories of cordwood masonry plus an extremely heavy earthen roof — sometimes covered with 3 feet or more of snow — a testament to the cordwood's impressive compressive strength.
Stackwall corners. For a rectilinear house without a heavy post-and-beam frame, stackwall corners can be built of special squared log-ends called quoins. This system enables builders to make walls 24 inches thick or more. The downside to using this method is that, like the load-bearing curved-wall construction, all the cordwood work must be done under the open sky, putting the builder at the mercy of the weather's whims.
Cordwood infill with a post-and-beam frame. Although I am partial to the circular design, building a strong post-and-beam frame from heavy, rough-cut timbers and putting the roof on prior to commencing the cordwood work offers compelling advantages. Not only does it afford protection from the elements, as you can work on the cordwood infill with a roof overhead, but it also may more easily gain the approval of your local building inspector, as he or she may not be convinced of cordwood masonry's suitability as a load-bearing medium. For building in seismic (earthquake-prone) areas, the post-and-beam style is the only method of cordwood building I would advise.
Several builders I know have managed to combine the round style with the post-and-beam method by building a 16-sided post-and-beam frame and using cordwood infill. From the outside, such houses look round; inside, they have almost the same advantages of space-enclosing geometry as the truly round house does.
If you're interested in learning more about cordwood masonry, additional books and Web sites on the subject are available. Along with my books and Web site, www.cordwoodmasonry.com, another helpful site is www.daycreek.com, which lists other resources, tips and tricks helpful to a neophyte builder.
In addition to writing books and articles about cordwood masonry, Rob Roy also is the director of Earthwood Building School in West Chazy, New York, (518) 493-7744. He and his wife, Jaki, have taught cordwood masonry construction across North America, and in Chile and New Zealand.
Practiced throughout the ages, cordwood masonry construction is experiencing a renaissance as hands-on home builders learn of its simplicity, energy efficiency and unique beauty. But with any unconventional building technique, cordwood construction comes with its own set of challenges. Here, we've addressed the most frequently asked questions.
Won't the log-ends rot? If basic care is taken, log-ends will not rot. Fungi, which need constant moisture to thrive, cause wood to rot. Cordwood breathes wonderfully along its end-grain, foiling fungi's propagation. To ensure long-lived log-ends: 1) Debark the wood; 2) Don't place wood against wood (this can trap moisture); 3) Don't use wood that already shows signs of deterioration; 4) Design your roof with at least a 12- to 16-inch overhang; and 5) Set your bottom course of cordwood at least 6 inches off the ground, on a good masonry foundation of stone, block or concrete.
What kind of wood should I use? Select light and airy woods like white cedar, white pine, cottonwood, poplar, spruce or larch (tamarack). These shrink (and expand) less than dense woods such as maple, oak, elm, beech and some of the heavy Southern pines. Denser woods can be used only if special building-design strategies are used.
How long should I dry the wood? Light, airy woods should be dried at least a year, if you can wait that long. This will greatly minimize shrinkage. Dry dense wood just a few weeks, as there is the very real danger of wood expansion with dry hardwoods that get wet from driving rain. Wood expansion is a more serious problem than shrinkage; expansion can break up the wall, whereas wood shrinkage can be attended to in several ways. Research the chosen wood's shrinkage characteristics before deciding upon a drying time.
What mortar mix should be used? For more than 20 years, we have had good success with a mix of 9 sand, 3 sawdust, 3 lime and 2 Portland cement (equal parts by volume). Use sawdust from a light softwood rather than from a dense hardwood. First, pass the sawdust through a half-inch screen. Then, overnight, completely saturate it by placing it in a soaking vessel such as an old bathtub or an open-topped metal drum. The purpose of the sawdust is to slow mortar-curing time, which reduces mortar shrinkage. If softwood sawdust is not available, use a commercially available cement retarder. Also, use hydrated or Type-S lime, also called builder's lime, which makes the mix more plastic, and, as the lime calcifies, makes the mortar stronger over time. The Portland cement (either Type I or Type II) lends strength to the mix.
Excerpted from Modern Timber Framing by Rob Roy, Mother Earth News August/September 2004
Many natural building methods — such as straw bale, cordwood masonry and cob building — benefit from timber-frame construction primarily because these methods can involve infilling between the timbers that make up the building's structural framework. Unlike conventional 2-by-4 stick framing, the center-to-center spacing of timber-frame posts is somewhere between 6 and 10 feet. This makes infilling much less tedious; imagine trying to fill the narrow spaces in regular stick construction with cordwood masonry or straw bales.
Also, there is a great practical advantage in erecting a timber frame first — getting the roof on as a protective umbrella, and then infilling the structure using one or more of these natural building methods.
Yes, you can accomplish all this with "traditional" wood-on-wood — such as mortise-and-tenon and dovetail — joining methods. But these methods require intricate cuts and exact measurements, and to do it right, a great deal of time and study must be expended, and there are a few specialized tools that need to be purchased. The reality is that most farmers, contractors and owner-builders use methods of timber framing (also called post-and-beam) that they have simply picked up from colleagues, relatives or neighbors. With the advent of relatively inexpensive mechanical fasteners, most builders — contractors and owner-builders alike — rely on other methods of joining, using truss plates, screws and bolts, pole-barn nails and even gravity.
Whether you go with traditional timber framing or (modern) "timber framing for the rest of us," you will discover certain advantages and disadvantages in both systems.
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New York state was able to recover $46 million in overpayments to nursing homes after an audit by State Comptroller Thomas P. DiNapoli found the Department of Health's computer system failed to deduct payments some nursing home residents are required to pay for their care, according to a follow-up report issued by DiNapoli. The new report, however, notes that deficiencies in the computer system still exist.
"Over and over again, my auditors are finding poor oversight of payments and other big problems that have led to tens of millions of dollars of waste in the Medicaid program each year," DiNapoli said. "While DOH worked with the Office of the Medicaid Inspector General to recover these overpayments, there is much more that needs to happen to prevent the payments from occurring in the first place. Until DOH fully implements my recommendations and puts new controls in place, there is significant risk that overpayments to nursing homes will continue."
Medicaid recipients with income from Social Security, pensions or other sources are required to pay for some of the cost of their nursing home care. The amount they pay is known as net available monthly income, or NAMI. New York's county social service offices and the Human Resources Administration in New York City are responsible for determining NAMI amounts for their Medicaid nursing home recipients.
Localities are also responsible for updating DOH's Medicaid claims processing system (eMedNY) with recipients' NAMI. During claims processing, eMedNY deducts NAMI from the amount that Medicaid pays each month to nursing homes. From Jan. 1, 2007 through Aug. 31, 2010, eMedNY paid nursing homes $26.6 billion after deducting $3 billion of NAMI.
In an initial report issued in September 2011, DiNapoli's auditors determined Medicaid made $42 million in overpayments to nursing homes during the audit period. The eMedNY system failed to deduct NAMI from nursing home claims whenever a provider excluded the first day of the month from its claim, resulting in $34.5 million in overpayments. Medicaid overpaid nursing homes an additional $7.5 million because localities were not determining and updating NAMI timely.
The Office of the Medicaid Inspector General investigates and recovers improper Medicaid payments on behalf of DOH. With a consultant's assistance, OMIG analyzed DiNapoli's findings, and at the time of the follow-up, had recovered $30 million in overpayments and expected to recover another $16 million in overpayments.
Still, auditors found DOH had not implemented controls that would properly apply NAMI toward the cost of nursing home care going forward and urged DOH to do so.
For a copy of the follow-up report, visit: http://www.osc.state.ny.us/audits/allaudits/093013/13f11.pdf.
The original audit can be found at: http://www.osc.state.ny.us/press/releases/sept11/092811.htm.
DiNapoli, as part of his responsibilities to audit state payments, has expanded an ongoing Medicaid audit initiative that has found approximately $1.68 billion in waste, fraud and abuse, including about $120 million in 2013.


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Work those hips
Gerard Butler need not worry. About his career, yes. But about his pants problem? Not as much as Brendan Fraser.
Last week I posited that Gerry's pants were the most embarrassing in the business. That was before Brendan arrived at LAX looking like this. His are the mature version of Robert Pattinson's mothering hips. Look out Twi-Hards. Once upon a time, Brendan Fraser was a heartthrob too.
But Jesus Christ this is some of the worst quiver killing sh-t I have ever seen. No wonder he loves CGI.
Photos from Hot Shots Worldwide/Splashnewsonline.com


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I loved Victorious and I wish they had a proper season finale because it was such a good show!!
Season 1: best season yet especially "Freak the Freak Out" episode
Season 2: gooood stuff
Season 3: mediocre
Season 4: downhill tbh it wasn't funny anymore just bland
Tori: she's super sweet and a great friend but should share the spotlight with her friends more tbh
Andre: he's one chill type of guy
Cat: super nice but I wish they didn't make her sound stupid as the show progressed over the years and not made her voice sound like an 8 year old kid with it being so high-pitched
Beck: he's a hottie kinda wish him and Tori got together instead of him and Jade tbh
Jade: i know she's acts like bi*** to make people afraid of her but she over does it tbh to the point where I'm like wtf
Robbie: if he didn't carry that stupid puppet everywhere he would be more sane instead of a senitive emotional wreck that he is
Trina: she needs to calm tf that girl is annoying af i don't how she got in to Hollywood Arts in the first place(they actually showed a crappy episode how she got in) but overall i don't like her personality
Tbh before canceling the show I think they should have had proper season finale like where everyone graduates in the last episode like a 1 hour episode type of thing.
My vision of what the last episode should have looked like was all the characters were graduating and Andre got a record label as well as Beck getting an acting job in a big movie and Tori also landed a part in the music industry which things take a twist (but the only people who didn't were Cat, Robbie, Jade and Trina) where something goes wrong and somehow she gets in huge trouble from the school and almost doesn't graduate and the all characters have to help her in order for to graduate and not get canceled deal with the record label if they find out what she did at the school so that happens and at the end of the show they all make speeches about them going off into their lives and how the school has benefited them in many ways and how they had so many wild and crazy adventures and they should all chant "We are victorious" and that's the end of the show!!! (KEEP IN MIND This would have been perfect because Cat could have met Sam would have met each other over summer and had babysitting gig to keep themselves buzy which plays out)


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The Nottingham Ranch - Colorado's Premier Legacy Ranch! Indescribably beautiful mountain vistas! A working cattle ranch approximately 1.25 hours from Vail and 45 minutes from the Vail/Eagle Airport. The offering includes 19,493 deeded acres; over 175 cubic feet per second (cfs) of very senior water rights; extraordinary elk and deer hunting; Bureau of Land management (BLM) and U.S. Forest Service grazing permits on over 50,000 acres. The property is located near Burns, Colorado and spans from Burns, bisected by the Colorado River from the west side of Castle Peak towards the Flat Tops Wilderness Area to the west and sprawls along both sides of Derby Mesa Loop and Sunnyside Road into Routt County. The Flat Tops Wilderness Area is the third largest U.S. Wilderness Area in Colorado. It consists of 235,214 acres in Routt National Forest and in White River National Forest stretching from Dotsero to Meeker, CO. It was designated a wilderness area in 1975. The ranch is a self-sustaining ranch inclusive of 1,200 pair of cattle and calves; over 50,000 acres of leases for grazing permits; 2,000 acres of flood irrigation plus 1,200 acres irrigated by pivot irrigation systems (which is rare in the mountains) and produces 3,500 tons of hay annually. The price includes livestock and equipment as well as seven residences and additional cabins. The land value is extraordinary as most of the ranch is surrounded by the National Forest, Flat Tops Wilderness or BLM property. One of the largest elk herds of Colorado is located in this area and a very successful private hunting outfitter has been based on the ranch for 23 years. This is a remarkable trophy property unlike any other in Colorado. The ranch is a part of Colorado's rich history with hunting, fishing and ranching and so close to the ski resorts of Vail and Steamboat Springs. The Nottingham Ranch truly is Colorado's premier legacy ranch.
We're sorry, but community information for this property could not be found.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this website comes in part from the Resort Data Exchange program of the Vail Multi List Service Inc. and Mountain Region Multi List Service. Real estate listings belonging to brokerage firms other than Slifer Smith & Frampton Real Estate are marked with the RDX logo or icon. The detailed information about them includes the listing brokers name.
Copyright © 2018 Vail Multi List, Inc. (VMLS). The information displayed herein was derived from sources believed to be accurate, but has not been verified by VMLS. Buyers are cautioned to verify all information to their own satisfaction. This information is exclusively for viewers' personal, non-commercial use. Any republication or reproduction of the information herein without the express permission of the VMLS is strictly prohibited.
Listing courtesy of Slifer Smith & Frampton/Bachelor Gulch


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Halloween Plays - Simulacrum
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Surge's 2011 Halloween plays are back. In Simulacrum a phone call from a missing daughter leads to unexpected consequences.
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Throwing Out the Wheat
Are we being too tolerant of gluten-intolerance?
There was a time when America loved its staple crops. We once stood proud among the amber waves of grain. Now we're running from them.
The case against corn—and corn-based sweeteners—has been made with such vigor that some sensitive souls won't even buy fresh ears at the farmers market. These days, health-conscious consumers are just as wary of gluten—a dietary bogeyman found in wheat (as well as barley and rye) that turns up in a startling array of foodstuffs. According to a report from the market-research group Packaged Facts, sales of gluten-free products in the United States have grown by an average of 28 percent over the past five years and will soon be worth $2.6 billion. In May, Elisabeth Hasselbeck, co-host of ABC's The View, went on a bread-bashing publicity blitz for her best-selling new book, The G-Free Diet: A Gluten-Free Survival Guide. Even America's pastime has turned its back on wheat: Last week, Coors Field introduced the first gluten-free concession stand in Major League Baseball.
The lavishing of attention on wheat alternatives is wonderful news to the sufferers of celiac disease, for whom any amount of dietary gluten can inflame and destroy the lining of the small intestine. (The human gut can't fully process gluten. At best, it's converted into a set of indigestible protein fragments that pass uneventfully through the gastrointestinal tract. If you've got celiac disease, these fragments set off a damaging immune response.) This can show up as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, skin rash, anemia, fatigue, or osteoporosis—and the long-term prognosis isn't so good, either: Celiac patients have almost twice the normal risk of cancer, and one-third of them suffer from another autoimmune disease, like Type 1 diabetes, lupus, or multiple sclerosis. (They may also be susceptible to schizophrenia.) As far as we know, the only way for people with celiac to stave off these dangers is to eliminate gluten from their diets—entirely and without exception—for the rest of their lives.
But diagnosed celiacs only account for a small fraction of the bloated and still-expanding market for gluten-free products. (In total, the disease affects just 0.75 percent of the population.) The remainder are those consumers who believe, for one reason or another, that gluten is hurting them, too. According to Alessio Fasano, director of the Center for Celiac Research at the University of Maryland and a leading expert on the disease, almost half the people who show up at his clinic are on the gluten-free diet before they've even been tested for celiac. For every patient whose intestinal biopsy turns up positive, he says, nine or 10 more test clean but commit to going G-free all the same.
These patients are described as having "gluten intolerance," a nebulous condition that amounts to something like celiac-lite: They feel pain or discomfort after eating wheat, rye, or barley but lack the hallmark signs of intestinal deterioration. The notion that you can have the symptoms of celiac but not the full-blown disorder is based on the idea, first proposed in 1992, that a person's reaction to gluten can be plotted along a sensitivity spectrum —with celiac patients falling at the most vulnerable extreme. Since there's no way to "prove" a case of gluten-intolerance in the lab, the diagnostic criteria are rather lax. To qualify for the condition, you need only discover (with or without medical supervision) that going "G-free" makes you feel better—in body or mind or spirit.
I'm all for people eating what they want, but lately I've started to wonder how gluten intolerance might relate to a more general anxiety about food. The mere fact that someone who cuts out gluten feels better doesn't mean that he has an autoimmune disease or a wheat allergy or some other medical condition. Any kind of restrictive diet can help alleviate gastrointestinal distress. If you're paying more attention to what you eat, there's a good chance your symptoms will lessen. That's not because gluten or red meat or another food is damaging your small intestine; it's because eating less makes it easier for your gut to recover. Then there's the placebo effect of starting any treatment, which might well address some of the more abstract symptoms of gluten intolerance, like fatigue, mood swings, and depression.
The health benefits of a gluten-free diet might also be a kind of self-fulfilling prophecy. It's well-known that our digestive system adapts its secretions (rather quickly) to whatever we're eating. A prolonged stint on the Atkins diet, for example, can make it harder to digest starchy foods. According to a 2006 study in Journal of the Pancreas, a colony of lab rats subsisting on low-carb, high-fat food pellets ended up with less pancreatic α-amylase, an enzyme that helps break down complex carbohydrates. Now imagine that you've cut out gluten from your diet completely—that means no bread, no cereal, no wheat whatsoever. Chances are you'll have reduced your total intake of carbs, and thus the amount of α-amylase in your gut. In other words, the mere fact of being on a gluten-free diet could make you more sensitive to grains and cereals—which would only reinforce your conviction that you're gluten-intolerant. Slip up for even one meal, and you'll pay the price with indigestion. (Same goes for people who don't eat meat or dairy: A momentary lapse can yield a nasty stomachache.)
The fact that "going G-free" means eating fewer cupcakes and less pasta suggests another source of relief. It is, after all, an elaborate diet—and so delivers all the psychological benefits of controlled eating and self-denial. "Once G-free, you are no longer simply robot-eating bag after bag of pretzels," writes Hasselbeck, in a chapter of her book titled "G-Free and Slim as Can Be!" Gluten intolerance may be a medical condition, but according to Hasselbeck, it's also an approach to eating—like South Beach or Skinny Bitch—that's supposed to make you lose weight and feel good about your body.
Is it a coincidence that the specter of gluten intolerance only emerged in the midst of the low-carb bonanza? In the accompanying graph, I've charted the rate at which major newspapers mentioned "gluten intolerance" or "gluten sensitivity" over the past two decades and compared it with the rate at which they mentioned the "Atkins diet." Both pop-culture trends began to surface about 10 years ago; the Atkins diet peaked in 2004, and gluten intolerance followed a year or two later.
The concurrent rise of the low-carb craze and the anti-gluten movement merely reflects the latest nutritional wisdom. A similar pattern emerged back in the 1990s, when the main dietary villains were saturated fat and cholesterol. The dietary fad of that era was the olive-oil-soaked "Mediterranean diet" and a reduced intake of meat and dairy. As doctors and dieticians urged us away from butter and ice cream, we started to become more aware of how hard it was to digest these unhealthy foods—nutritional advice became a medical problem. The second graph shows how newspaper mentions of "lactose intolerance" and "lactose sensitivity" track mentions of the "Mediterranean diet," with interest in both phenomena peaking around 1995.
I'm not suggesting that anyone who avoids gluten is secretly trying to lose weight. The purpose of a gluten-free diet is, naturally, to feel better. But there's a complicated relationship between feeling good and eating less. When a restrictive diet becomes an end in itself, we call it an eating disorder; when it's motivated by health concerns, we call it a lifestyle. That's why Hasselbeck says going G-free will make you slim (a sign of wellness) rather than skinny (a symptom of anorexia). It might also explain the relationship between food sensitivities and fad diets: People who are intolerant of gluten or lactose get a free pass for self-denial.
All this raises an important question: So what? Why is it anyone's business if some fraction of the market for gluten-free products has no particular sensitivity to wheat, barley or rye? Can't they just enjoy being G-free? I asked Alessio Fasano whether there would be any downside to jumping on the no-gluten bandwagon. "Gluten is useless," he said. "It's an intervention with no side effects, no complications. The most dangerous consequence of a gluten-free diet is the expense." (As an erstwhile Neapolitan, he did seem disturbed that people might be giving up pizza without legitimate medical reasons. "It's their fault," he said after thinking it over. "They can do what they want.")
Not every doctor agrees with Fasano. While it's certainly true we don't need gluten to thrive, the G-free lifestyle does introduce its own problems. A June advisory from the Harvard Medical School warns that packaged, gluten-free products may provide less fiber and fewer nutrients than standard supermarket options. And a recent study published in the British Journal of Nutrition found that gluten-free diets could hamper the growth of beneficial gut bacteria.
More worrisome is the fact that adhering to a gluten-free diet creates its own set of anxieties. To eliminate all wheat products from your diet is an incredibly ambitious endeavor. Web sites devoted to the topic are choked with warnings: Steer clear of oats, which might contain traces of wheat gluten; only buy pre-packaged meat, so as to avoid the contaminated deli-slicer; don't trust the "gluten-free" labels at Trader Joe's or Whole Foods; and so on. These are burden enough for adult celiac patients, but imagine the stakes for all those worried parents who have come to believe (without good scientific evidence) that dietary gluten has something to do with autism.
Then there are the more abstract costs of an unnecessary gluten-free diet. I won't dwell on the idea that eliminating wheat deprives you or your children of certain culinary pleasures. (Who isn't exquisitely sensitive to the delicious gluten in fresh-baked bread?) Still, it's worth pointing out that the G-free lifestyle can be very annoying—to friends, lovers, work-buddies, and anyone else who might have you over for dinner. For more on this, see Chapter 9 of Hasselbeck's book—"How Not To Be a Party-Pooper." Here's one way to refuse a gluten-laden treat without offending your host: "The drop: If all else fails, you take the cookie and oopsie! You are just so clumsy, it's unforgivable! No, no, you couldn't possibly have another …"
Ironically, the people who may benefit most from the current vogue are those who have been G-free all along. The proliferation of gluten-free products has made life for a full-blown celiac easier than it's ever been, and a greater awareness of gluten-related disorders has more celiac patients getting diagnosed than ever before. (There are still thought to be millions of undiagnosed cases in the United States.) Let's hope those gains aren't erased when the conventional wisdom shifts again and we leave this diet craze behind us.


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Det här är en gammal arkiverad spelning
PM & Vänner Jazzfestival 2016
Oddjob + Goran Kejfes + Gustav Lundgren
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ODDJOB was born in 2005 through a love of funk. Since then, their sound has evolved to incorporate a diverse range of influences. Rare groove, afrobeat, jazz, latin & caribbean carnival rhythms and a hint of flamenco have all been thrown into the mix. This heady world-funk brew is designed to help wipe away the worries of modern life. So put away that tax return, polish your dancing shoes and get ready!
About Band members:
Goran Kajfeš - trumpet
Born in Stockholm, Sweden, Kajfeš' parents are Croatian. Goran started playing trumpet at the age of 10, first concentrating on classical music but later deciding to focus on jazz. He studied from 1993-95 at the Rhythmic Music Conservatory in Copenhagen.
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text:
No less a historian than E. P. Sanders declares it an "almost indisputable" historical fact that "Jesus was a Galilean who preached and healed" (1985:11) and that "the sheer volume of evidence makes it extremely likely that Jesus actually had a reputation as an exorcist" (1993:149; see also Meier 1994:646-77).
Technically this paragraph in Matthew serves as part of the narrative introduction to the Sermon on the Mount, although it is included in the "introduction" to Jesus' ministry here (1:1-4:23) because of the title I have chosen for the next section. Before each of the first two discourse sections, Matthew includes a summary of Jesus' kingdom works (4:23-25; 9:35). Jesus was teaching and preaching the good news of the kingdom. Teaching generally involved ethical or apologetic instruction, whereas preaching was proclamation aimed at bringing about conversion (Dodd 1980:7-8; compare Guelich 1982:43). Yet Jesus not only proclaimed and explained the kingdom; he demonstrated God's authority by healing the sick and expelling demons (Ladd 1978a:47). That he healed "all" diseases (4:23; NIV every disease) may mean every kind of sickness rather than every sick person, since the all of verse 24 is necessarily hyperbole; surely suppliants did not bring every sick person in Syria to him (Blomberg 1992:92 n. 5)!
Jesus Begins Where the People Are (4:23)
Where possible, Jesus worked through existing institutions. He taught in the synagogues, the educational and community centers of the day.
Jesus Ministers to His Hearers Both Physically and Spiritually (4:23-24)
Many conservative Christians rightly stress personal conversion but wrongly ignore the desperate physical needs around them (both for miracles and for social intervention). Many other churches rightly address societal injustices but neglect spiritual needs and personal human pain. Jesus cared about people in their totality and was concerned for their pressing needs. His example summons us to a more well-rounded ministry that preaches the gospel through evangelism and demonstrates the gospel through ministries of compassion, justice and Spirit-empowered healing (see Sider 1993).
This renewed vision of Jesus' compassion can encourage us in our prayers. When we care for people's brokenness as Jesus does, we can bring their pain to God in prayer with greater confidence. The Jesus who healed people then can heal people today, both emotionally and physically (see Deere 1993). Too many of us offer prayers while secretly doubting that God can hear us. Although God always has the right to do as he wills, we would pray with greater faith if we recognized his compassion.
Word About Jesus Spreads Widely (4:25) Ancient narratives about popular teachers (as opposed to more aristocratic figures who often disdained the masses) praised them by emphasizing their popularity (for example, Philostr. V.A. 1.40; Robbins 1992:122 n. 74). Matthew is also interested in the geographical distribution of this popularity. Josephus indicates that many Jews lived in Syria in Jesus' day (Jos. War 2.461-68); if Matthew writes to believers in Syria (see Meier 1980:36; see also introduction), he may use the mention of Jewish followers from Syria (Mt 4:24) to encourage his own audience.
In the context of the whole Gospel, however, Jesus' popularity in this passage provides a warning. God's call demands faithfulness with or without popularity. Jesus had awaited God's time for him to minister (4:12); now word about him was spreading quickly. Subsequent narratives in this Gospel, however, warn that momentary popularity is just an opportunity to convey the word to those who really have ears to hear. Popularity does not always translate into deep commitment in the end (27:20). Thus Matthew warns his first audience and us as well not to build our assurance of God's call on others' responses to our message; our knowledge of our God-given mission in life must go unshakably deeper than that (3:16-4:11).
Previous commentary:
Abandoning All for the Kingdom
About this commentary:
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Selections of Simic's work are available online at the Academy of American Poets and the Poetry Foundation websites. I highly recommend his Selected Early Poems, the prose poems in The World Doesn't End, all of his essays and memoirs, and his book about our beloved Joseph Cornell, Dime-Store Alchemy.
It's only appropriate to end with a poem:
by Charles Simic
This strange thing must have crept
Right out of hell.
It resembles a bird's foot
Worn around the cannibal's neck.
As you hold it in your hand,
As you stab with it into a piece of meat,
It is possible to imagine the rest of the bird:
Its head which like your fist
Is large, bald, beakless, and blind.


text:
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