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Every day in our schools (and communities) children are teased, threatened, and tormented by bullies. Bullying has been identified as a problem that creates a climate of fear, affecting the whole school. Those who fail to recognize and stop bullying behavior as it occurs actually promote violence. If we fail to stop the behavior, we send a message to the bully that "You have the right to hurt people," and a message to the victim that, "You are not worth protecting." This message needs to be changed and changed now.
Bullying is a form of abuse.
Harassment And Violence
Harassment and abuse are more accurate names for it. Parents and school personnel should no longer consider bullying "just a part of growing up." It is harmful to both the perpetrators and the victims and is responsible for behavioral and emotional difficulties, long-term negative outcomes, and violence.
The National Institutes of Health (2000) recently reported that in the United States alone, bullying affects more than 5 million students in grades 6 through 11. One out of 7 students reported being victimized. The violence that erupted at several schools in highly publicized shooting incidents in the late 1990s spurred several State legislatures to propose laws requiring schools to adopt anti-bullying policies. By 2001, New Hampshire, West Virginia, and Colorado had passed laws, while others are pending in Illinois, New York, and Washington.
The severity of the problem has been recognized by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), and other agencies. In response to this critical issue, SAMHSA/ CMHS is launching a Bullying Prevention Initiative with the help of prime-time television, public service messages, and bullying prevention educational materials. This on-going multi-media communication Initiative – titled 15+ Make Time To Listen, Take Time To Talk... About Bullying – will bring this critical message directly to the children, parents and schools affected by these issues.
This article, for parents and schools, is a part of that Initiative. We hope that they and all adults who supervise children will learn what can be done, together, to take seriously their responsibility to prevent bullying among our youth.
Most people know what bullies are
They even know what problems victims of bullies sometimes face: years of constant anxiety, insecurity, and low self-esteem. Yet bullying problems often are ignored or denied.
Large numbers of students have been bullied over long periods of time while nobody paid any attention! Today, however, more people are recognizing that it is a basic democratic right for a student to feel secure at school and not to be troubled by offensive and humiliating treatment. Because of highly publicized school incidents, we now know that ignoring bullying can lead to violence or make a victim feel so overwhelmed that he or she sees suicide as the only way out.
The 15+ Make Time to Listen – Take Time to Talk Initiative has taken the stand:
No student should be afraid to go to school because of bullying, and no parent should be worried that their child may be bullied.
Some Facts About Bullying Among Children And Young People
Generally, we call it bullying when one or more persons repeatedly say or do hurtful things to another person who has problems defending himself or herself. Direct bullying usually involves hitting, kicking, or making insults, offensive and sneering comments, or threats.
Repeatedly teasing someone who clearly shows signs of distress is also recognized as bullying. However, indirect bullying—the experience of being excluded from a group of friends, being spoken ill of and being prevented from making friends—can be just as painful.
Most bullying takes place at the same grade level. However, many times older students bully younger students. Although direct bullying is a greater problem among boys, a good deal of bullying takes place among girls. Bullying between girls, however, involves less physical violence and can be more difficult to discover. Girls tend to use indirect and subtle methods of bullying, such as exclusion from a group of friends, backbiting, and manipulation of friendships. Far more boys than girls bully, and many girls are mostly bullied by boys, but both can be victims of bullying.
These three conditions create a bullying situation:
- Negative or malicious behavior.
- Behavior repeated over a period of time.
- A relationship in which there is an imbalance in strength or power between the parties involved.
Fact: How Much Bullying Goes On?
Major studies in Norway in the 1980s and 1990s with more than 150,000 students found that about 15 percent of students in primary and lower secondary school, or approximately one in seven students, were involved in bullying with a degree of regularity—as a victim, as a bully, or both. At least 5 percent (more than 1in 20) of all students were involved in more serious bullying at least once a week.
In the United States in 1998, the prevalence of bullying was found to be even more substantial. A study carried out with a national sample of more than 15,000 students in grades 6 through 10 found about 30 percent of the sample reported moderate or frequent involvement in bullying—as a bully, as a victim, or both. Students in middle school (grades 6 through 8) reported greater frequency of bullying than did students in grades 9 and 10.
Similar results were obtained in another study of more than 6,000 middle school students in rural South Carolina. About 23 percent reported that they had been bullied by other students "several times" or more frequently during the past three months.
Approximately 20 percent reported that they had bullied other students with the same frequency.
Fact: Where Does Bullying Take Place?
The claim is sometimes made that most bullying takes place on the way to school, not at school. However, research shows that two to three times as many students are bullied at school compared to those who are bullied on the way to school. Approximately 40 to 75 percent of bullying takes place during breaks—in the schoolyard, in the corridors, at recess, or in more secluded places, like bathrooms. It can also take place during classes unless the teacher is attentive and cracks down on any tendencies toward bullying. Without a doubt, school is the place where most bullying occurs. This puts particular responsibility on school leaders and teachers. It is clear that the behavior, attitudes, and routines of teachers and other school personnel have a decisive effect on the extent of bullying in the individual school or class. Of course, parents, caregivers and supervisors in many other places—in kindergartens, playgrounds, and sports and youth clubs, for example—also need to be alert to detect bullying or tendencies toward bullying.
Fact: Who Gets Bullied?
Research gives a fairly clear picture of those who are potential victims of bullying. They tend to have at least one, or usually several, of the characteristics listed below. These lists only indicate main trends; in some cases, victims may be quite different. Potential victims of bullying can be divided into two main groups:
The passive or submissive victim
Most children in this category are not aggressive or teasing in their manner and usually do not actively provoke others in their surroundings. However, passive victims of bullying generally signal, through their behavior and attitudes, that they are a bit anxious and unsure of themselves.
Detailed interviews with parents of bullied boys predominantly of the passive/ submissive type indicate that these boys were characteristically rather careful and sensitive from an early age. Having this kind of personality (possibly in addition to physical weakness) may have made it difficult for them to assert themselves in their group of playmates, which may have contributed to these boys becoming victims of bullying. At the same time, it is obvious that long-term bullying probably increased their anxiety, insecurity, and negative self-image.
The features that can be seen in long-suffering victims of bullying may be both a cause for, and a result of, being bullied.
- These students are usually quiet, careful, sensitive, and may start crying easily.
- They are unsure of themselves and have poor self confidence (negative self-image).
- The boys in this group do not like to fight, and they are often physically weaker than their classmates, especially the bullies.
- They have few or no friends.
The provocative victim
This category is less common and accounts for only about 10 to 20 percent of the victims.
A class with a provocative victim of bullying generally has somewhat different problems than a class with a passive victim. It is more common that a number of students, sometimes the whole class, may be involved in harassing the provocative victim.
- They may themselves try to bully weaker students.
- They can be quick tempered and may try to retaliate if they are attacked or harassed, but often without much success.
- They are often restless, clumsy, immature, unable to concentrate, and generally considered difficult.
- Some may be characterized as hyperactive (unsettled and restless because of concentration difficulties) and often have reading/writing problems.
- They may also be disliked by adults—their teacher, for example—because of their irritating behavior.
Fact: Who Bullies?
Children and young people who are potential bullies have a number of common features. Again, it must be emphasized that these points are just the main trends. All the same, it is likely that an active bully will have one or more of the following characteristics.
It has often been presumed that bullies are anxious and unsure of themselves underneath their tough surface. However, research finds that bullies are characterized by either unusually low or about average levels of anxiety and insecurity. Their self-image is also about average or even relatively positive.
Some bullies are popular, others are not. A bully will often have a group of two or three friends who provide him or her with support and often join in the bullying. However, the popularity of the bully lessens at the higher class/grade levels.
- They view violence more favorably than most students do.
- They are often aggressive toward adults, both parents and teachers.
- They have a marked need to dominate and suppress other students, to assert themselves by means of force and threats, and to get their own way.
- Boys in this group are often stronger than their peers and, in particular, their victims.
- They are often hot-tempered, impulsive, and not very tolerant of obstacles and delays (frustrations).
- They find it difficult to fit in with rules.
- They appear to be tough and show little sympathy toward students who are bullied.
- They are good at talking their way out of difficult situations.
"The Real Story"
For 2 years, Sam, a quiet 13-year-old, was a human plaything for some of his classmates. The teenagers badgered Sam for money, forced him to swallow weeds and drink sour milk, beat him up in the rest room, and tied a string around his neck and led him around as a "pet." When Sam's torturers were asked about the bullying, they said they pursued their victim because "it was fun."
Fact: Group Bullying
Bullying MAY ALSO BE a group phenomenon with particular characteristics. This means that there are a number of children and young people who may at times be involved in bullying, but who would not usually take the initiative themselves. These are called passive bullies, henchmen, or bystanders. The group of passive bullies is quite mixed and may include uncertain or anxious students.
Some of the mechanisms that may be active in group bullying are:
- Social contagion Some students may be influenced to take part in bullying if the student leading the bullying is someone they admire. Children or young people who are themselves somewhat insecure and who want to assert themselves are mostly the ones who join in.
- Weakening of normal controls If neither the teachers nor the other students try to stop bullying, the bully or bullies are rewarded through their "victory" over their victim. This can contribute to weakening the controls against the aggressive tendencies of neutral students and may contribute to their participation in bullying.
- Decreased sense of individual responsibility Social psychology notes that a person's sense of individual responsibility for a negative action such as bullying may be considerably reduced when several people participate. In this way, students who are usually nice, but easily influenced, can at times take part in bullying without particular misgivings.
- Gradual changes in the perception of the victim of bullying As a result of repeated attacks and degrading comments, the victim will gradually be perceived as a fairly worthless person who almost "begs to be beaten up." This also results in lesser feelings of guilt in those who are taking part in the bullying and may be part of the explanation of why other students do not try to stop the harassment of the victim.
Q&A: How Do I Find Out If My Child Is Being Bullied?
You need to have frequent conversations with your child or adolescent to ask about what happens at school. Establishing a relationship helps you keep the lines of communication open and gives you a sense of context for what your child or adolescent experiences day-to-day.
If you get a note from your child's school saying that he or she is being bullied by the other students, take it seriously. The problem is, however, that you cannot always be sure that the school/teachers will discover that your child is having this sort of problem or that they realize how serious a situation is. Neither can you expect that your child will necessarily talk about problems of this nature to you. There can be various reasons for this. Your child may feel that being bullied is a personal defeat, or he or she may have received threats from the bullies. The child may have tried before to tell an adult about the bullying and may not have been given any real help. He or she may be afraid that involving adults will make the bullying even worse. Therefore, you must be particularly sensitive to signs and changes in your child.
It is important that you do not try to explain away your child's problems and hope that they will go away by themselves. It has been clearly documented that bullying can negatively impact a child's formative years as well as later adult life. Research suggests that systematic bullying can leave deep psychological scars which can lead to depressive attitudes and a tendency toward negative self-image, even years after the bullying has ended.
Q&A: What are the Warning Signs?
Your Child–
- Comes home with torn, dirty, or wet clothes or damaged books, or "loses" things without being able to give a proper explanation of what has happened.
- Has bruises, injuries, cuts, and scratches and cannot give a credible explanation for what caused them.
- Loses interest in school and gets poorer grades.
- Does not bring classmates home and rarely spends time with classmates after school.
- Seems afraid or unwilling to go to school in the morning.
- Chooses an "illogical" route to and from school.
- Seems unhappy, downhearted, depressed, or has mood swings with sudden outbursts of irritation or anger.
- Often has little appetite, headaches, or stomach aches.
- Sleeps restlessly with nightmares and possibly cries in his/her sleep.
- Steals or asks for extra money from members of the family (to soften up the bullies)
Q&A: How Do I Find Out Whether My Child Is Bullying?
It can be difficult to discover and to acknowledge that your own child is a bully. Bullying other students is obviously not something a child will talk about at home. But if several of the points described under "Who Bullies?" fit your child, you should take this seriously and look more closely into the matter.
Bullying can be seen as a part of a general pattern of anti-social and rule-breaking behavior. Children who are bullies during their school years are at a much higher risk of later becoming involved in crime, misuse of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs. If your child is bullying others, it is important to break this pattern, not just for the sake of the victim, but also for your own child's sake.
Who Bullies?
Your Child–
- Has a marked need to dominate or manipulate others.
- Is aggressive, nasty, spiteful, and generally in opposition.
- Seems to like to insult, push around, or tease other children.
What Can Parents Do?
If you suspect or it is obvious that your child is being bullied by other students and the school has not already informed you of the situation, then it is important that you contact the school immediately. Parents should have the right to expect the school to take this seriously and to investigate the facts in the case. This will usually involve talks with you and your child, with the suspected bully or bullies and with other students in the class. Also, if appropriate, talks with a number of other parents (for example, the parents of the bullies) who may have important information to contribute.
Once the facts are on the table, a detailed plan must be drawn up of how you and the school together can put an end to the bullying.
Although it is important that home and school work together in cases of bullying, it must be emphasized that the school should take the main responsibility to initiate and coordinate the work involved in counteracting bullying in school.
Some parents who have approached schools with their worries and suspicions about their child being bullied have had the door closed in their faces with comments such as "there isn't any bullying at our school" or "you are worrying about nothing." If you are reasonably sure that your child is being bullied, a good starting point for taking up the situation with the school can be to ask your child (along with you, if it seems appropriate) to keep a concise log book describing the incidents of harassment or bullying—when they occurred, who took part, and what was said and done. Then you can make a more concrete presentation when you contact the school. It can be a good idea, too, to discuss the situation with the parents of other children in the class. If they have also reported problems with bullying, it will, of course, be easier to urge the school to act.
Parents: Don't Give Up!
Sometimes bullied students do not want their parents to talk with school officials. Victims often do not want to be the center of attention and are afraid of getting the bully into trouble by telling adults about what is going on. In many cases, these children have also been threatened with increased bullying if they tell. Threats cause many victims of bullying to suffer in silence or to pressure their parents not to contact the school.
In most cases, however, you are doing your child a dis-service if you do not pursue the issue. If your child will not agree to your suggestions out of fear, you must still take responsibility for sorting out the problem. Most bullied children eventually feel a great sense of relief when the situation finally comes out into the open. From a long-term perspective, it is also detrimental to the bullies when their behavior is overlooked. If the situation is properly dealt with, the bully will be helped, too.
Parents: Let the School Arrange a Meeting
Once bullying has been discovered, the school should contact the parents of both the victim(s) and the bullies to inform them and to try to establish constructive cooperation. Since a victim's parents usually should not contact the bully's parents directly, the school could arrange a meeting at which the students, as well as their parents, are present. The aim of such a meeting is to bring about a thorough discussion of the situation and to arrive at a concrete plan of action. If the bully has damaged the victim's clothes or other possessions, it would be reasonable to bring up the question of compensation. Another aim must be to try to establish a collaboration with the parents of the bully/ies and to get them to exert their influence over their children in a purposeful way.
Many parents of students who bully others have little idea of what their child has been doing at school. When the situation is clarified for them, a number of parents want to contribute to bringing about positive changes. On the other hand, some bullies' parents try to play down the problems and generally take a defensive stand. They may not even come to meetings designed to address the problem. Even if it is not possible to establish any reasonably positive communication with some parents, a serious attempt to do so must still be made. In any case, the bully's parents must be kept informed about the situation.
The initial meeting should not be a one-time event. It should be followed up with more meetings so that the development of the situation can be further evaluated and information can be exchanged between parents and teachers.
It is, of course, also important to check that any decisions that have been made are being put into action. Under favorable circumstances, relatively positive relations can develop between the parents of bullies and the parents of the victim. This can be an important step in putting an end to the bullying.
Sometimes, however, it is clear in advance that the relationship between the bullies' and the victim's families is tense and hostile. In such situations, it is sensible to hold meetings with one family at a time before possibly arranging a joint meeting, and it may be necessary to involve the school social worker, counselor, or psychologist.
Parents: Make Sure the Bullied Child Gets Effective Protection
One thing must be made absolutely clear when an attempt is being made to resolve a bullying situation—the victim of bullying must be guaranteed effective protection. Close follow-up is needed until the danger of new attempts at bullying has passed. Teachers and school administrators have a special responsibility to safeguard the victim at school. The bullied student must be able to trust that the adults are both willing and capable of providing the help he or she needs. If bullying problems are taken up in class in a rushed or casual manner, without ensuring that the victim is given solid protection against further harassment, the situation will almost always become worse. In order to provide the bullied student with sufficient security, close cooperation and frequent exchange of information is usually needed between the school and the student's family.
Having a child who is bullied means seeing your child become an outcast, frozen out, and completely isolated. Most of what you read is about bullies and victims who are boys. Bullying is also found among girls, but it is not so obvious from the outside. It is not usually a matter of damaged clothes or bruised arms and legs. Bullying among girls bypasses physical pain and goes right into the soul. Bullying among girls is less concrete or visible.
How can I as a mother, accuse the girls bullying my 14-year-old daughter for having stopped phoning, for not saying hello, for speaking badly of her behind her back, for changing places in the classroom, for always commenting on and making fun of what she says, etc. Nothing they do (or don't do) is against the rules.
As a mother, I have a great sense of grief and helplessness in the face of what my daughter has to go through. In desperation, I have tried to talk to the mothers of two of my daughter's previous friends. It wasn't particularly helpful; some parents just can't accept that their children are criticized by outsiders. They defend their children at any cost, no matter how ridiculous this may be.
I wouldn't wish the grief and helplessness I feel on any parents, but I wish you and your children could actually feel just for a short time what my daughter and our family have had to live with for the last 6 months or so. Then perhaps you would understand.
Signed: Despairing Mother
Parents: What Can You Do If Your Child Is A Victim?
Many students who become victims of bullying would probably develop quite normally if they did not have to face aggressive fellow students. An essential part of counter-acting bullying in school is to stop or change the bullies' and their accomplices' behavior. The parents of children who are victims of bullying should not view bullying as an unavoidable part of growing up.
At the same time, it is also clear that many victims of bullying are unsure of themselves and somewhat anxious by nature, with relatively low self-confidence and few or no friends. So in some cases, it may be sensible for you to try to help your child adapt better to school life and other environments—maybe regardless of the actual bullying situation.
Steps You Can Take
Help your child strengthen his or her self-confidence, for example, by stimulating the development of any talents or positive qualities.
Help your child join other groups of children of the same age (who preferably are not in the same class at school) in sports, music, or other leisure time activities. Physical training in particular, if your child has the interest or ability, results in the child "giving out different signals" to those around him or her.
Encourage your child to make contact with (and perhaps bring home) a friendly student from the same class, or from another class. As socially excluded children often lack relationship-making skills, it is important that you, or perhaps the school counselor, help your child with concrete advice on how to go about making friends with peers.
It is important that you consistently support your child's contacts and activity outside of the family. Try to avoid being over-protective, but keep an eye on what is going on and arrange situations that can bring about positive development.
Sometimes a child (especially the provocative victim of bullying) behaves in a way that irritates and provokes those around him or her. In such cases, you have the task of carefully, but firmly and consistently, helping your child find more suitable ways of reacting and interacting in friendship groups.
If your child exhibits some hyperactivity, it may be necessary to get extra help from a mental health professional.
Parents: What Can You Do If Your Child Is a Bully?
You will need to work closely with the school to resolve the situation. Being informed by the school or another source that your child is bullying other students may be a difficult fact to face. Making excuses and playing down your child's behavior will not help him or her. On the contrary, you should act quickly for the sake of the victim and for your own child's future. As mentioned earlier, children who are aggressive toward their peers are at high risk for what is known as anti-social development, including criminality and misuse of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs at a later stage in their lives. It is, therefore, important to take time now to guide your child on to positive paths.
Steps You Can Take
- Make it quite clear that you take bullying seriously and will not accept the continuation of this behavior. If both you and the school show consistently negative reactions to the child's bullying, the chances that your child will change are increased.
- Try to set up some simple rules for family interactions. Whenever your child follows the rules, praise him or her. If your child breaks the rules, consistently enforce some kind of negative consequence (for example, the withholding of allowance or other benefits/privileges).
- Spend 15 minutes or more of quality time with your child every day. Gain thorough knowledge into who he or she is spending time with and what they are doing. It is easier for children or young people to change their aggressive behavior if they feel they are reasonably well liked and listened to by their parents/caregivers.
- Help your child use his or her energy and need to dominate in a more positive way, for example, by encouraging him or her to participate in a sport like basketball or soccer, in which one must play by the rules. Explore any particular talents your child may have that can be further developed to enhance his or her self-esteem.
- If these kinds of measures, and the plan that has been set up with the school, have not resulted in noticeable changes in your child's behavior after some time, then you should get in touch with a mental health professional for more help.
What Can Schools Do?
Bullying in schools is not a problem that can be solved once and for all. Therefore, schools should maintain constant readiness to counteract any tendencies toward bullying in the school environment. This can best be achieved by having a good bullying prevention program as a standard element in the school environment. Although there are other anti-bullying programs available, the most noted program is the one developed in Norway by Dr. Dan Olweus at the University of Bergen.
The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program has been used and evaluated in large-scale studies with quite positive results in several countries, including the United States, and it has a strong research base.
The following are core elements of the Olweus program that you might want to consider when requesting, promoting, implementing, and evaluating a bullying prevention program in your school.
A Model Bullying Prevention Program
Principles and Characteristics
What helps make the Olweus program a model is that it builds on a few key principles that have been found to be important in research on the development and modification of problem behavior, especially aggressive behavior, like bullying.
- First, it is important to create both a school and home environment characterized by warmth, positive interest, and involvement with adults.
- Second, firm limits against unacceptable behavior need to be established.
- Third, non-physical, non-hostile negative consequences (sanctions) must be applied if a youth breaks the rules that have been agreed upon.
- Fourth, it is expected that the adults in the school and at home act as authorities, at least in some respects. The program is based on an authoritative (not authoritarian) model for the relationship between adults and children, where teachers are expected to be authorities with responsibility for the students' total situation, not just their learning.
The Olweus Bullying Prevention Program
- Increase awareness and knowledge of problems related to bullying as well as dispel a number of myths about the causes of bullying. The use of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire in an anonymous survey is an important step toward the acquisition of more concrete information about the occurrence and forms of the problem in the individual school.
- Get teachers and parents actively involved. This means that the adults must take responsibility for controlling what is going on among the students in the school, at least to a certain extent. One aspect of this is organizing good supervision of break times. Furthermore, teachers are encouraged to intervene in situations that arouse suspicion and to give a clear message to the students: We will not accept bullying in our school, and we will make sure it's stopped. Teachers should initiate serious discussions with victims of bullying, bullies, and their parents if a problem has been identified or is suspected. Parents and teachers must closely follow up and monitor the measures taken. Otherwise, the situation of the victim can easily decline from "bad to worse."
- Develop clear rules against bullying. The following rules have proven to be very useful:
- We will not bully other students.
- We will try to help students who are bullied.
- We will make it a point to include students who become easily left out.
- When we know somebody is being bullied, we will tell a teacher and an adult at home.
These rules can provide the basis for class discussions about what bullying is and what negative consequences should be put into effect when students break the rules. Regular class meetings are a good forum for evaluating how students relate to the set rules and whether the planned measures are working. It is important that the teacher enforce the rules consistently and also give plenty of praise when the rules are followed.
- Provide support and effective protection to the victim. If the rules are followed, students who are easily bullied usually are provided reasonably good protection. In addition, the teacher can enlist "neutral" or "well-adjusted" students in different ways to improve the situation for victims of bullying. The teacher can use his or her imagination to help bullied students stand up for themselves in appropriate ways and make themselves useful and valuable in their classmates' eyes. The parents of bullied children can motivate them to make new friends and show them how to get to know others and how to maintain good relationships with friends. Even though many of the measures in this school-based program do not directly involve parents, parents should know that this kind of intervention program exists and that it works. This bullying prevention program does not require large-scale investments of time or money. It is first and foremost a question of the attitudes, behaviors, and routines of the teachers and school administrators. A dramatic reduction in the extent of bullying can be achieved with a relatively simple, but carefully developed bullying prevention program.
Olweus Bullying Prevention Program
Key Components
General Prerequisites
- Awareness and involvement on the part of adults
Measures at the School Level
- Questionnaire survey (answered anonymously by the students)
- Improved supervision of break time
- School conference day
- Establishment of one or more teacher discussion groups (at each school)
- Formation of a coordinating group
Measures at the Classroom Level
- Class (or school-wide) rules against bullying
- Regular class meetings (teacher and students)
- Class parent/teacher meetings
Measures at the Individual Level
- Individual meetings with children who bully
- Individual meetings with children who are targets of bullying
- Teacher and parent use of imagination to help solve the problem.
It's Time to Make a Commitment
How much bullying takes place in our schools and other youth environments depends on the role that committed adults will play in their schools, their families, and their communities.
Melton, G. B., Limber, S. P., Cunningham, P., Osgood, D. W., Chambers, J., Flerx, V., (1998). Prevalence of Bullying: The South Carolina Report.
Henggeler, S., and Nation, M. (1998). Violence among rural youth. Final report to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., and Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviors among U.S. youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 2094–2100.
Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren: Basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program. In D. Pepler & K. Rubin (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Olweus, D. (1993a). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. (Can be ordered from Blackwell, c/o AIDC, P. O. Box 20, Williston, VT 05495, USA; phone: 1-800-216-2522.)
Olweus, D. (1993b). Victimization by peers: Antecedents and long-term outcomes. In K. H. Rubin & J. B. Asendorf (Eds.), Social withdrawal, inhibition and shyness in childhood. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Olweus, D. (1994). Annotation: Bullying at School: Basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 1171–1190.
Olweus, D. (2001). Olweus' core program against bullying and antisocial behavior: A teacher handbook. Bergen, Norway: Research Center for Health Promotion (The HEMIL Center).
Olweus, D., and Limber, S. (1999). Blueprints for violence prevention: Bullying Prevention Program. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science. Available online at www.colorado.edu/cspv/blueprints.
Reprinted with the permission of the National Mental Health Information Center.


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Provide leadership, guidance, and consulting services for the Department of the Interior on strategic planning, performance management, and organizational process streamlining to improve operational effectiveness and efficiency, better inform future planning and budget formulation, and ensure transparency and accountability.
Strategic Planning
Provide leadership, including technical guidance and assistance, to the Office of the Secretary (including the Chief Operating Officer and Performance Improvement Officer) and the bureaus and offices of the Department in developing effective strategic plans and performance analysis to help define future objectives, track progress, and facilitate decision making.
In concert with the priorities of the Office of the Secretary, develop and maintain Departmental Priority Goals to highlight and better ensure the achievement of particular accomplishments for forwarding the mission of the Department;
including the conduct of quarterly reviews and conveying information to the public via performance.gov.
Ensure the Department's compliance with, and effective application of, the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010 and corresponding guidance in OMB Circular A-11.
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Assess so as to advise senior leadership on whether goals and plans are suitable for full achievement and that the means for measuring progress toward achieving the goals are effectively utilized.
Assess programmatic performance across the organization and advise Departmental and bureau planning on means to improve programmatic performance and cost effectiveness.
Office Director performs the role of Deputy Performance Improvement Officer in accordance with the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010, including representing the Department on the Performance Improvement Council.
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Highland begins new era at Trent
Highland will debut the Jeff Shelton era at 7 p.m. today when the Hornets begin their 2011 football season by taking on the Bryson Cowboys in Trent. The game kicks off the fourth annual "Rumble in the Jungle" classic that will feature six games over a three-day period. High-land will be considered the home team tonight.Highland is trying to rebound from a 2-7 sea-son, and a win over Bryson could help spring the Hornets toward a much better year. Shelton was head coach at New Home the past two years before coming to Highland.


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Delicious Ingredients, Value and Service…
Welcome to Fox's Pizza Den of Anson/Zionsville, serving gourmet pizzas, made to order calzones, oven baked pastas, fresh cut salads and more! We never sacrifice on or stop providing quality. We feel 100% Real cheese and delicious, unique ingredients are a requirement for healthy, happy families and not just an option. Our focus will always be to give you Fox's favorites at a value you expect and deserve. We strive to exceed your expectations on each visit and make our den feel like being at yours.
Whether it be with family, friends or others, quality time is vitally important and seemingly more difficult to fit into busy schedules. Let us handle your dinner needs in a delicious way so you can focus on dinner time around the table. We also believe it's important to give back in order to make our community a great place to live and grow.
If you are satisfied, tell your friends. If you're not, please let us know. We'll do our best to 'make it right'. Our goal is to serve you only the very best 'from our den to yours'. Come see us again soon!
~ Steve and Cathy Kissel
P.S. – New Item: we now have Vegan Pizza


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The page you are looking for cannot be found!
You may have followed a broken link, an outdated search result, or there may be an error on our site. If you typed in a URL, please make sure you have typed it in correctly, try again or try a search.


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With more and more robots part of the military's active service the New York Times has now run an article aboutthe ongoing ethical debate about future autonomous military robots that may make their own decisions about life or death on the battlefield. The article, entitled "A Soldier, Taking Orders From Its Ethical Judgment Center", highlights the views of numerous experts including Noel Sharkey, Daniel Dennett and Ronald Arkin, who's research hypothesis is that "intelligent robots can behave more ethically in the battlefield than humans currently can".
Read the full New York Times article
Article and complementary links on Robots.net


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Arkansas State University has received two grants totaling nearly $1 million from the Arkansas Natural and Cultural Resources Council.
The funds will be used for theater reconstruction in Dyess as part of the Johnny Cash Boyhood Home project and renovation of the historic V.C. Kays house on the school's campus.
The council awarded $200,000 for work on the Kays residence and a separate grant of $750,000 for the Dyess project.
The V.C. Kays house was the home of the first president of Arkansas State, who built the home and moved in with his wife, Bertie.


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Thanks Team for the wonderful service. Awesome Cake and flower Delivered. Great Job!!!Dr Purva Vijay (GOA - 2016-09-29)
Thanks a lot ..meant a lot..d parcel gt delievrd on timeAnandam K Bangalore (Bangalore - 2014-10-03)
Hi Team,Thanks a lot, As my personal experience/feedback is nicely delivered my gift and within a time. What I had is that the flowers are very fresh and fabulous color mixture. Much appreciated! Keep up good work Best Regards Anandan.K


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Romanian Tuition in St. Leonards (Dorset)
The cost-effective way to find Romanian Tutors in St. Leonards.
Unlike a private tuition agency, tutors advertise with us, meaning you can contact them for free. It's never been easier to learn Romanian in St. Leonards!
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World War II veteran Frederick Gray, of Watertown, New York, finally got his high school diploma on Monday at age 97.
"I'm amazed ... I never in God's world expected to be getting this," said Gray. "I'm just dumbfounded by the thoughtfulness."
Gray would have been a member of the class of 1934 at Watertown High School, but dropped out before graduating to join the Civilian Conservation Corps to support his mother, who raised him and his two brothers after their father died from complications of diabetes.
After serving in the corps for two years, Gray returned home and worked at New York Air Brake until he was drafted into the Army in February 1942. Gray served with the 19th Infantry Regiment, 24th Infantry Division, for three years in the Pacific, including Hawaii, Australia and the Philippines, earning a Bronze Star with an Oak Leaf Cluster.
After his time in the Army, Gray returned to his job at New York Air Brake, where he worked for many years until he retired as head of the company's billing department.
To make the diploma presentation, administrators came to Gray's home, along with this year's graduating valedictorian and salutatorian.
"It's nice to see how happy he was," said Mark Derbyshire, class of 2013 salutatorian who said he plans to talk about Gray during his graduation speech. "Not many people are that excited about getting their diploma."
"He's college and career ready," said Superintendent Terry Fralick with a smile. Fralick and principal Leslie Atkinson said they weren't sure if Gray was the oldest graduate they had ever had, but said it was rare to have someone his age graduate.
"I don't have honors like this very often," Fralick said. "I'll remember this for the rest of my life."


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The page you requested cannot be found.
This can be caused by a typo in the url (address), using a bookmark that no longer points to a valid page (which could happen with the upgrade to the 9th edition), or an old bookmark in the wrong format.*
Find the page you want using the menu or links on pages. Reset your bookmarks and links if necessary.
*Since the 8th edition, the site has used Search Engine Optimized (SEO) urls, which are based on a series of keywords separated by slashes, instead of the more obscure query string. These are easier for you to understand, but more importantly, search engines read them as keywords to improve site indexing.


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lisaanddini wrote:The chef is never supposed to do the dishes!!! Thats a rule at my house, we take turns cooking & whoever doesn't cook has to clean up after.
Since I quit the seafood, the smell kindof grosses me out. I'm fine with faux chicken, turkey, or beef but I think it will be a while before I try fake seafood.
What kind of truffles are you enjoying so much? I need to get some!
Well, Todd usually helps out with dinner. And he often dries the dishes. But there are some things around the house I won't do (vacuuming... I LOATHE vacuuming) so it all evens out.
The truffles are called "Organic chocolate truffles" and they're by "Truffettes de France." They are so good, I told Todd the other day that if I could only eat one food for the rest of my life, it would be these.
They are the last ones on this page, in the green box: http://www.gdh-trading.com/Truffettes_de_France.htm


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Get personal recommendations & stay informed about what's best for your pet's health
Team PetCareRx.
May 22, 2013
Lysodren is a cytotoxic drug used in veterinary medication to treat Cushing's disease and the related symptoms in dogs. The medication is strong enough to deactivate the cells in a particular area of the adrenal gland, thus reducing the functionality of that particular part of the gland. Therapeutic effects that the medicine displays are attached to Mitotane, the active component present, which works by holding back the adrenal gland functions. This is done by limiting the amount of cortisol being produced in the body. Lysodren is a prescription drug and comes in scores tablet.
Do not use the drug on animals that are hypersensitive to mitotane, which is the active ingredient present in the medicine. The medication should not be tried in pregnant as well as nursing animals. Mitotane has a tendency to interact when used with insulin or spironolactone, and in certain other combination of medicines. It would be wise to inform the veterinarian on the medication that the pet is currently receiving. Personal protection is also important in dealing with the medication, as mitotane is cytotoxic to humans. If in case the drug comes in contact with the skin it has to be washed off immediately. Instances of medication overdose could be fatal if not attended to.
The medication has side effects in animals that might lead to Addison's disease or its symptoms such as decreased appetite, vomiting and diarrhea, lethargy, weakness etc. Observe the symptoms and in the event of severe reactions to the medicine, supplement with glucocorticoids like prednisone.
Ketoconazole 200mg
Cyproheptadine 4mg
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ICD-10 Diagnosis Code S53.016
Anterior dislocation of unspecified radial head
Diagnosis Code S53.016
Short Description: Anterior dislocation of unspecified radial head
Long Description: Anterior dislocation of unspecified radial head
This is the 2018 version of the ICD-10-CM diagnosis code S53.016
Not Valid for Submission
The code S53.016 is a "header" and not valid for submission for HIPAA-covered transactions.
Code Classification
Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (S00–T98)
Injuries to the elbow and forearm (S50-S59)
- Dislocation and sprain of joints and ligaments of elbow (S53)
- Injuries to the elbow and forearm (S50-S59)
Information for Patients
Dislocations are joint injuries that force the ends of your bones out of position. The cause is often a fall or a blow, sometimes from playing a contact sport. You can dislocate your ankles, knees, shoulders, hips, elbows and jaw. You can also dislocate your finger and toe joints. Dislocated joints often are swollen, very painful and visibly out of place. You may not be able to move it.
A dislocated joint is an emergency. If you have one, seek medical attention. Treatment depends on which joint you dislocate and the severity of the injury. It might include manipulations to reposition your bones, medicine, a splint or sling, and rehabilitation. When properly repositioned, a joint will usually function and move normally again in a few weeks. Once you dislocate a shoulder or kneecap, you are more likely to dislocate it again. Wearing protective gear during sports may help prevent dislocations.
- Dislocated shoulder - aftercare (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Dislocation (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Kneecap dislocation (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Kneecap dislocation - aftercare (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Nursemaid's elbow (Medical Encyclopedia)
[Read More]
Elbow Injuries and Disorders
Your elbow joint is made up of bone, cartilage, ligaments and fluid. Muscles and tendons help the elbow joint move. When any of these structures is hurt or diseased, you have elbow problems.
Many things can make your elbow hurt. A common cause is tendinitis, an inflammation or injury to the tendons that attach muscle to bone. Tendinitis of the elbow is a sports injury, often from playing tennis or golf. You may also get tendinitis from overuse of the elbow.
Other causes of elbow pain include sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations, bursitis and arthritis. Treatment depends on the cause.
- Elbow pain (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Elbow replacement (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Elbow sprain -- aftercare (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Medial epicondylitis - golfer's elbow (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Nursemaid's elbow (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Tennis elbow (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Tennis elbow surgery (Medical Encyclopedia)
[Read More]


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Are you tired of going store to store looking for the perfect gift? Well your searching is over. This Enormous 78" Red Plush Teddy Bear Toy is certain to warm anyone's heart. It has a lovable red face and removable bowtie. This gentle giant is the perfect size for a lying next to or playing on. It is also a great home décor accent for that special teddy bear lover. Whatever occasion, this is the ideal gift for a girl or boy, or a child or an adult.
Being a Joyfay® plush stuffed toy, it features high-quality materials, superior craftsmanship, and irresistible good looks. Not only that, our plush toys are made of 100% green materials; using Polypropylene cotton (made from recycled plastics) for its stuffing. The plush outer material is easy cleaning; simply wipe with cloth and warm water.
Surprise that special someone in your life with this giant, fun-loving gift.
Brand: Joyfay®
Facial Material: plush super-soft velour
Pile length: 2.0 cm / 0.78 inch
Fabric weight GSM: 520 g/m2
Stuffing Material: PolyPropylene cotton (100% green, Polypropylene is the material of your yoghourt container)
Color: Red (Dark Brown, White, Pink, Light Brown, Blue, Purple optional)
Net Weight: 8.5kg / 18.7 lbs
1. Joyfay® plush toys keep you the sweet accompany, any time anywhere.
We have various toys, such as smile toys, sleepy toys, you can find one which meets your requirement.
2. Their cuddly, loving appearance is sure to warm that special someone's heart.
3. It gives children a sense of soothing, unconditional love; perfect accessories for a child's playroom or daycare.
4.Soft, plump, safe is what Joyfay® toys insist on.
5. Note: Item color displayed in photos maybe shows slightly different on your computer monitors since monitors are not calibrated same.
1.All items will be shipped to buyer's shipping address within the processing time after receiving clear payment. Most of our products can be shipped to United States, United Kingdom, Canada, France, Germany, Australia etc. Please contact us if you can not find the shipping cost to your country.
2. We will ship from China.Total delivery time = Processing Time + Shipping Time Processing Time 5-10 Business Days (US only) Shipping Time 3-5 Business Days (Expedited Shipping: Fedex or USPS)
3.The delivery may be delayed by custom clearance,carrier delay or other reasons. All our customers are very important to us, if you encounter delivery or quality problem, please do not open a case but contact us in time first, we will try our best to work it out with you.
1. Returns are accepted within 30 days after buyer receives the item.Buyer is responsible for return shipping costs if it is not our fault. A refund will be issued within 2 business days after we receive the returned item.
2. Returned item has to be in its original condition, no returns for customized items.


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This week, we had a great one with this hot MILF named, Jeanie Marie. As a single mom new to Florida, Jeanie was trying her best to get that cash. Levi had spotted her in the parking lot of the grocery store several times. The sexy blonde had caught his eye, and he had to get to know her better. After some small talk, Jeanie fessed up about needing some extra cash for groceries. Levi offered to pay her bill and fill up her shopping cart if she was willing to hang out with him later. But these two had an instant chemistry and weren't going to make it that long.
Before we knew it, Pauly had caught them making out behind the grocery store. They were both feeling it, so they jumped in the car and zoomed over to Levi's house. Once inside, Jeanie showed off all the loving attention of a mom, as she worked that dick like only a MILF could. She took Levi's cock down her throat and sucked that dick like a champ. Levi pounded that pussy and made Jeanie orgasm. Then she got on top and rode that dick, as her ass bounced all over the place. Levi couldn't take it any longer, pulled out and busted his load all over her face.


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I have said that I usually use white wine or dry white Vermouth in a risotto, but I must concede that the recipes here don't appear to bear this out. I've got an excuse with this one, too: the whole point of this risotto is that it's black, tinted by the squid ink (the squink of my title) and I had no desire to lessen its impact with some pallid white wine. But it's not just a question of colour: the squid ink is so richly, headily flavored that nothing less than a robust red would stand up to it.
As strange as it might sound for so exotic a dish, this may even pass muster as a storecupboard standby. The rice, the broth and the squid ink (it comes in sachets, from a good fishmonger or Italian deli, or online source) can be kept easily. I have marked the squid-ring topping as optional, but even that can live in the freezer for a few months.
While I am more than happy to eat it plain black, I can't help feeling cheered by the jaunty tricolore adornment provided by the squid rings, red chile pepper and parsley. Not that I'm being cheered is altogether the point of such a beautiful, sombre dish, the perfect date meal for Goths.
Cut the squid (if using) into thin rings and set aside while you get on with the risotto.
Heat the broth until almost boiling, and keep the broth warm in a saucepan on the lowest heat
Warm the 2 tablespoons oil in a large, heavy-based saucepan and soften the sliced scallions for 2 minutes on a low heat. Keep stirring and don't let them burn. Grate in the garlic and turn up the heat. Toss in the rice and turn it in the oil and so it is slicked and shiny. Pour in the red wine and let it bubble up over the rice.
Wearing disposable vinyl gloves, snip in the squid ink and carefully dunk the squeezed out sachets into the separate pan of hot broth to get out any remaining ink. Then add and keep adding ladlefuls of hot broth to the rice, letting one ladleful be absorbed before adding the next, stirring all the while.
When the rice has had 15 minutes, you can be less assiduous on the stirring front and get on with the squid, if you're using this. In a frying pan, heat 2 teaspoons olive oil and the chile, until sizzling, then add the squid rings and cook, stirring or shaking the pan a little, for 3 minutes. Season with ground pepper, to taste.
By this time, the black risotto should be ready, so divide it between warmed shallow bowls or plates, top with chile and squid, if using, and scatter with parsley.
From NIGELLA KITCHEN by Nigella Lawson. Copyright 2010 Nigella Lawson. Published by Hyperion. Available wherever books are sold. All Rights Reserved.
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We just got off the phone with Kawasaki HQ, and it's official: the 2011 Kawasaki ZX-10R will inadvertently get a power decrease when it comes to the United States because of the EPA's regulation of noise pollution, confirming earlier rumors from this week. The issue surrounds the EPA's new methodology for measuring exhaust noise levels, which now involves taking the measurement at a percentage of the total rev range, instead of a specific rpm value.
The result is that the 2011 Kawasaki ZX-10R passes the Euro III standards, but fails the EPA standards in its unadulterated form. To come into compliance with the EPA's Noise Control Act, Kawasaki has lowered the rev-limit on the 2011 Kawasaki ZX-10R by 750 rpm in order to meet the new criteria. The byproduct of lowering the rev-limiter will reduce the new ZX-10R's maximum power output, but Kawasaki isn't saying by how much.


text: Wixom Classifieds | Wixom Business Directory | CityBase Wixom Home Businesses Classifieds People United States> Michigan > Wixom Categories Jobs(0) For Sale(0) Vehicle(0) Real Estate(0) Services(0) Community(0) Classes(0) Accounting Jobs & Finance Jobs Advertising Jobs & Public ... Arts Jobs & Entertainment Jobs & ... Clerical Jobs & Administrative ... Customer Service Jobs Education Jobs & Training Jobs Engineering Jobs & Architecture ... Healthcare Jobs Hotel Jobs & Travel Jobs Human Resource Jobs Internet Jobs Legal Jobs Manual Labor Jobs Manufacturing Jobs & Operations ... Marketing Jobs Non-profit Jobs & Volunteer Jobs Other Jobs Real Estate Jobs Restaurant Jobs & Food Service Jobs Retail Jobs Sales Jobs Technology Jobs Browse through CityBase Job listings and get the career of your dreams! Whether you want a job in US, UK, Middle East, Europe or Australia, Or you plan to stay in the , you can find jobs in Wixom & around the world in call centers, marketing, engineering, IT, education, and more. Get full time, part time, consultancy, and even on-the-job trainings from job listings. Animals Art & Collectibles Books & Magazines Business & Industrial Cameras & Camera Accessories CDs & Records Cell Phones & Accessories Clothing Computers & Hardware DVD Electronics Everything Else For Babies & Infants Garage Sale Health & Beauty Home & Furniture & Garden Supplies Jewelry & Watches Sporting Goods & Bicycles Tickets Toys & Games & Hobbies Used Laptops Video Games & Consoles Browse through CityBase Buy and Sell ads, get great deals on products from clothing, used laptops, used mobile phones, used computers, used cameras, audio and video electronics, appliances, furniture and wide range in other categories. Got brand new or used items to sell? under the buy and sell category and instantly sale your items on best possible price. Boats & Ships Car Parts Motorcycles Other Vehicles RVs & Campers & Caravans Trucks & Commercial Vehicles Used Cars Are you looking for brand new, slightly used, or for trade-in cars and other vehicles, look no further because you will find all types of cars listed under the Cars and Automobile in Wixom category - in very affordable price! Buy or sell cars, motorcycles, SUVs, AUVs, vans, trucks, and even automotive parts and accessories for different car brands like Honda, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Ford, Nissan, Kia, Hyundai and other brands to get the best value for your money! 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Podcast: Play in new window | Download (Duration: 15:26 — 17.7MB)
Subscribe: iTunes | Android | RSS
Rafe Needleman (aka @rafe on Twitter) is a famous tech blogger who recently joined Evernote to be their Platform Advocate.
In this episode he shares the details of his mission and how and why he joined the green elephant company.
Don't miss Rafe's Opportunity Notes at http://blog.evernote.com/opportunitynotes/. Since we recorded the interview, his show is now available as a podcast you can subscribe to via RSS/iTunes.
Until the next time, happy evernoting !
PS: as stated in the interview I will ba at the Leweb conference from Dec 4th to 6th so if you are there too please ping me on Twitter @pjournel or by mail firstname.lastname@example.com so we can get together.


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- "The land of opportunity? I'd rather be back in Russia. At least there people don't pretend life has any pleasure."
- ―Ilyena to Niko Bellic during her random encounter.
Ilyena Faustin (Russian: Елена Фаустина) is the wife of Mikhail Faustin and the mother of Anna Faustin, and a supporting character in Grand Theft Auto IV.
Events of GTA IV
She first meets Niko whilst he works for her husband. She has a small conversation with Niko while he's waiting for Mikhail. Ilyena tells Niko about Mikhail and herself before they came to the city, and tries to understand how and why Mikhail had changed from the kinder man she first knew.
Random characters
Later, after Mikhail's death, Niko can find her at Firefly Island and she asks him to see Anna's new boyfriend, who is trying to convince her to become a stripper.
Niko can either kill Anna's boyfriend (resulting in an angry phone call from Ilyena, scolding Niko for bringing another man to a violent death), beat him up (resulting in a friendlier phone call from Ilyena), or let him escape (resulting in a sad call from Ilyena; her daughter has run away and she has no family left at all).
Mission Appearances
Ilyena Faustin's Random Encounter
- Ilyena is a Russian name, but not spelled correctly. A more exact transcription for the name is Elena. This mistake is probably due to Rockstar's lack of knowledge of most non-English languages.
- Niko appears to be more sympathetic towards Ilyena than any other character in GTA IV, and he most likely feels remorse towards her and her daughter, Anna due to the fact that he didn't think about how Mikhail's death would affect them.
- If the player calls Mikhail's phone number after his death, there is a new voicemail recording in which Ilyena tells the caller that Mikhail is dead and asks that out of respect for her husband's death, Mikhail's enemies should leave her and Anna alone.
- Ilyena is very religious, likely a Russian Orthodox Christian. In "No Love Lost", Mikhail berates her by saying "You superstitious old crone, I'll see you in hell! Someday I'll crucify you!". Soon after, in "Rigged To Blow," she discusses souls with Niko and encourages him to have more faith and optimism.
- Ilyena's voice is different during her Random characters than it is in her two appearances in missions, as in No Love Lost, she is only seen screaming at Mikhail and crying, and in Rigged to Blow, she speaks very calmly to Niko. Her tone changed considerably between the last mission for Mikhail and the encounter, further alluding to Ilyena's despair.
- Ilyena somewhat has a similar facial structure as Sara, another random character that can be seen during Sara's Random characters.
- During her Random characters, Niko will say that he and Dimitri aren't friends, in present tense, even if he is already dead. He says this in the same tone in both ways. This might be an attempt by Niko to mask the fact that he is a cold-blooded killer (if Dimitri is dead already) or if he is genuinely sorry.


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Oscar Nominations: 'American Hustle,' 'Gravity' lead with 10 each
BEVERLY HILLS, Calif.
Big surprise: Steve McQueen's 12 Years a Slave does not lead the Oscar nominations list. But it did end up in third place in Thursday's Academy Award announcements, just one behind the co-leaders American Hustle and Gravity (which each scored 10).
Big shock: The Coen Brothers got stiffed with their highly acclaimed musical, Inside Llewyn Davis, crawling along with just two noms. Neither is for best picture or best actor or best director(s) or best original screenplay.
It is easy to assume that Inside Llewyn Davis placed 10th in the best picture voting by the estimated 6,000 members of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences. But tenth place obviously did not qualify this year, because only nine films made it. Nominees are restricted to those that get at least 5 percent of the total vote. So-called "marginal" films such as Inside Llewyn Davis and Fruitvale Station, Lee Daniels' The Butler, August: Osage County and Woody Allen's overrated Blue Jasmine were left on the outside.
Click on the boxes for film trailers and information on the nominees.
So was the Disney animation, Frozen, which was vying to get into the best picture race, although it is nominated as best animated feature. Otherwise, Walt Disney's Hollywood legacy was ignored: Saving Mr. Banks, in which non-nominee Tom Hanks plays Walt, got just one nom. Hanks was also shut out of the best actor race for Captain Phillips.
On the plus side, the big trio of American Hustle, Gravity and 12 Years a Slave show a remarkable range of genres and tastes and they are all worthy films to sit at the top. Add in the other six best picture nominees and you have a cross-section of one of the best years in American cinema in decades.
The other six rivals, with their nominations total, are: Captain Phillips (six), Dallas Buyers Club (six), Nebraska (six), Her (five), The Wolf of Wall Street (five) and Philomena (four). Clearly, when you scan through the numbers, the Academy voters were high on the quality of all these films, from the artistic categories through several of the craft categories. On Oscar night, expect the Academy Awards to be liberally spread around. No one film is likely to dominate.
In acting categories, all the best actor and best supporting actor nominees are seen in films nominated for best picture. Some years, the Academy plucks out performers from more "obscure" films to honour great work, without giving those films much else. Only two films are in that odd category this year. Blue Jasmine earned Cate Blanchett a best actress nom, while Sally Hawkins is up for best supporting actress in the same film. Ditto for the much-hyped August: Osage County. Meryl Streep is vying for best actress, while Julia Roberts is up for best supporting actress, probably for the infamous on-screen catfight in which Roberts goes after Streep in a mommie dearest moment.
Speaking of Streep, she gets her 18th nomination — a staggering number and a growing record in the acting categories. Surprisingly, Streep has won only three times. She cites "Streep fatigue" and even thought that might doom her chances this year. But quality is quality and she has number 18.
There is some racial diversity in the acting categories, with Chiwetel Ejiofor and Lupita Nyong'o up for 12 Years a Slave, and Barkhad Abdi in for Captain Phillips. But no Idris Elba for Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom, nor either of Forest Whitaker or Oprah Winfrey for The Butler.
Canada missed out in several categories where there was at least some optimism. Sarah Polley's feature-length documentary, Stories We Tell, did not make it. Neither did the Quebec film Gabrielle in the best foreign language category. Nor did Quebec filmmakers Jean-Mac Vallee (Dallas Buyers Club) and Denis Villeneuve get into the best director race. But two members of Montreal's Arcade Fire — William Butler and Owen Pallett — are in the running for best musical score for Spike Jonze's Her.
Following is a list of nominees in leading categories.
"American Hustle"
"Captain Phillips"
"Dallas Buyers Club"
"12 Years a Slave"
"The Wolf of Wall Street"
Christian Bale in "American Hustle"
Bruce Dern in "Nebraska"
Leonardo DiCaprio in "The Wolf of Wall Street"
Chiwetel Ejiofor in "12 Years a Slave"
Matthew McConaughey in "Dallas Buyers Club"
Amy Adams in "American Hustle"
Cate Blanchett in "Blue Jasmine"
Sandra Bullock in "Gravity"
Judi Dench in "Philomena"
Meryl Streep in "August: Osage County"
David O. Russell for "American Hustle"
Alfonso Cuaron for "Gravity"
Alexander Payne for "Nebraska"
Steve McQueen for "12 Years a Slave"
Martin Scorsese for "The Wolf of Wall Street"
Barkhad Abdi in "Captain Phillips"
Bradley Cooper in "American Hustle"
Michael Fassbender in "12 Years a Slave"
Jonah Hill in "The Wolf of Wall Street"
Jared Leto in "Dallas Buyers Club"
Sally Hawkins in "Blue Jasmine"
Jennifer Lawrence in "American Hustle"
Lupita Nyong'o in "12 Years a Slave"
Julia Roberts in "August: Osage County"
June Squibb in "Nebraska"


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This suburban Philadelphia college town has begun installing 240 quiet zone signs as part of a new effort to crack down on partying. The signs tell people of a quiet zone in effect between 9 p.m. and 7 a.m., with the threat of a $250 fine.
The Daily Local News reports installation began Tuesday, and Borough Manager Ernie McNeely says all the signs will be up in the coming weeks. The borough is home to West Chester University.
Borough council approved the signs last month.
The borough has a broad definition of a noise disturbance that includes any noise that endangers, disturbs or injures other people, or is likely to do so, or one that creates or is likely to create a nuisance.
Information from: Daily Local News, http://www.dailylocal.com


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International News
Blog Examines PEPFAR, Global Fund Collaboration in Haiti
July 19, 2013
"For the past decade, [PEPFAR and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria] have navigated uncharted waters," Michael Johnson, Global Fund attaché to the permanent mission of the U.S. to the U.N. and other international organizations, writes in the AIDS.gov blog. He provides a brief overview of the partnership and collaboration between the two organizations. Noting his "current role as Global Fund attaché was created to facilitate this collaboration through identifying programmatic areas and opportunities for partnership between PEPFAR and the Global Fund, and enhancing communication among all stakeholders," he states, "Haiti is a great example of how this collaboration can work in-country." He discusses the groups' work in the country and continues, "As we reflect on this, the 10-year anniversary of PEPFAR, it is remarkable what has been achieved in the fight against HIV/AIDS in Haiti and around the world. ... Continued partnership between the Global Fund and PEPFAR will be key to maintaining and scaling up the fight" (7/18).
Back to other news for July 2013
This article was provided by Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. It is a part of the publication Kaiser Daily Global Health Policy Report. Visit the Kaiser Family Foundation's website to find out more about their activities, publications and services.
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adding your comment, please read TheBody.com's Comment Policy.)


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This weekÇs show was recorded between 3 and 4 am at Toffler Club in Rotterdam on May 8th 2015. The night was hosted by my good friend Benny Rodrigues, one of the best and nicest DJs I know. You might also know him for his ROD project, btw. a new release by ROD is on the way on CLR and if you listen closely you can hear it somewhere in the set.
Toffler is a rebuilt old underground tube station, which holds maximum about 400-500 people and has a quite interesting feature. The whole DJ booth at the very end of the club can move further back into the room depending on the amount of people entering the club, so the dance floor becomes bigger and bigger the more people come in. I did an all-nighter, meaning I started right at the beginning at 11 pm and played till closing at 6 am. Well actually we went till 6:30 in the end . I really enjoy these long sets, also to start playing when no one is in yet and to be responsible for the journey through different styles over the whole night. Since the middle of the 90's when I was resident DJ at the OMEN in Frankfurt I enjoy opening a night, which sadly rarely happens these days, so the night in Rotterdam was a special one for me again. There is an interview that I did with Benny after the same night one year ago, you can check it out here:
Hope you enjoy the ride with me and in case you were there that night, thanks for the great vibes and the all night dancing! We will do it again next year and I am already looking forward to it!
Listen and download here


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The Open Championship will return to "the home of golf" in St Andrews to mark its 150th edition in 2021, the R&A has announced.
St Andrews' Old Course was the first venue to hold the Open outside of Prestwick Golf Club in 1873, and the 2021 event will be the 30th time it has staged golf's oldest championship.
The famous course most recently served as host in 2015 when Zach Johnson beat Marc Leishman and Louis Oosthuizen in a three-hole play-off.
"The Open holds a very special place in the hearts of golf and sports fans around the world," said R&A chief executive Martin Slumbers.
"The Championship enjoys a historic and celebrated relationship with the Old Course in St Andrews and we are excited to be marking the occasion of the 150th Championship at the home of golf in 2021."
The 150th Open will be played at St Andrews in 2021. #The150thOpen— The Open (@TheOpen) February 12, 2018
For more information: https://t.co/x5ppMANrtr pic.twitter.com/ZCBDgl89qt
Jordan Spieth lifted the title in 2017 at Royal Birkdale, with Carnoustie, Royal Portrush and Royal St George's scheduled to host ahead of the Open's return to St Andrews.
|Aubameyang-Lacazette partnership possible for Arsenal
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|Pochettino pledges to protect Kane
|Federer relieved to ´hang tough´ in Cincinnati
|De Bruyne injury: Can Foden or Diaz replace Man City playmaker?
|Furyk confident as Team USA takes shape
|Neymar´s behaviour deserves praise, Tite claims
|Scherzer, Harper lead Nationals past Marlins
|Djokovic and Federer join Cilic, Goffin in Cincinnati semis
|Federer outlasts recovering Wawrinka
|WATCH: Djokovic wins match, loses car
|Bolt arrives in Sydney for A-League trial
|Red-hot Bertens beats Svitolina, Halep marches on
|Snedeker preserves Wyndham lead
|Halep hits back to torment Tsurenko
|Raonic fails to break Djokovic stranglehold
|Emery seeks more ´demanding´ Ozil
|CAF Champions League Review: Wydad, Al Ahly & TP Mazembe qualify
|Stephen Curry wants to finish his career with Warriors
|Hazard among Europe´s best but can improve, says Sarri
|Tigers boost top-two hopes, Giants close in on fourth
|Birmingham City 0 Swansea City 0: Monk´s men held despite dominance
|Inter taking legal action against Tebas over Modric transfer comments
|Serie A transfer round-up: Zaza joins Torino, Parma sign Gervinho
|Roma chief Pallotta makes light of De Laurentiis claim
|Federer starts double-header by seeing off resilient Mayer
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|New dates confirmed for postponed Serie A fixtures
|Halep breezes past Barty to set up Tsurenko clash on same day
|Olesen unable to capitalise on strong start as Jamieson, Waring go clear
|Hoffenheim tie Kramaric to four-year deal
|Mina to miss Southampton clash while Gomes is ´weeks´ away
|Barcelona coach Valverde dismisses Pogba speculation
|Valverde not prioritising Champions League over defending Barcelona´s LaLiga title
|Allegri thanks outgoing Juventus icon Marchisio
|Pants display from Beef? Johnston forced into change of trousers in Sweden
|Tour champion Thomas has Welsh velodrome named in his honour
|Gloucester surprised and disappointed by RFU´s swift Cipriani charge
|Storm skipper Smith´s back injury not ´too serious´
|Spurs fixture switch doesn´t appeal to Guardiola
|Brazil call up Andreas Pereira & Arthur but omit Man City stars
|Mbappe returns to PSG squad, Kehrer set for debut
|No Messi in Argentina squad as Simeone wins first call-up
|England man Roy embarrassed by self-inflicted facial injury
|Atletico Madrid fined for breaching third-party regulations
|Cipriani charged by RFU after common assault conviction
|No contact, no negotiation - Leonardo denies AC Milan deal for Milinkovic-Savic
|Kovacic set for Chelsea debut against Arsenal
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|Kohli and Bumrah fit for win-or-bust Test
|Stokes ready and desperate to help England, says Root
|Salah, Mane and Firmino not in competition says Klopp
|Darmian staying at Manchester United, says Mourinho
|Guardiola cites fatigue as factor for stricken De Bruyne
|Kovac approves Rudy departure from bloated Bayern midfield
|Klopp insists no player leaves without his approval amid Klavan rumours
|Real Madrid complain to FIFA over Inter´s alleged Modric approach
|Mourinho ´has never been so happy´ with unsettled Pogba
|Manly implode amid Barrett uncertainty, Storm´s Smith injured
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|Milan pounce for Castillejo as Bacca joins Villarreal permanently


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Publication date: 16.07.2013
The Centre for Social Justice, March 2013, 224 pages The Centre for Social Justice's report highlights the horrific reality of human trafficking and modern slavery in the UK. The report makes evidence-led recommendations for the UK to radically improve it ...Read More
Publication date: 12.09.2013
Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA), August 2013, 31 pages The UK Human Trafficking Centre has published its annual assessment on the nature and scale of human trafficking during 2012 in UK. The assessment explores the number of potential victims, their ...Read More
Publication date: 11.11.2013
Attachments statement_on_trafficking_in_human_beings.pdf statement_human_trafficking_en ...Read More
Publication date: 11.12.2013
abuse_of_a_victim_of_prostitution-_summary_en.pdf abuse_of_a_victim_of_prostitution_evaluation_of_the_effectiveness_of_the_sex_purchase_ban_en ...Read More
Publication date: 21.08.2013
National Agency against Trafficking in Persons, August 2013, 86 pages The study was conducted within the framework of the Prevention, Identification, Protection project, co-financed with the Swiss Confederation, under the objective:"To build up the i ...Read More
Publication date: 05.05.2014
Friends of Europe, Security & defence agenda, Spring 2014, 44 pages With the end of the Stockholm programme, the Security & Defence Agenda and Friends of Europe in co-operation with the European Commission Directorate General for Home Affairs, bro ...Read More
Publication date: 20.05.2014
ILO, 20 May 2014, 66 pages Forced labour in the private economy generates $ 150 billion in illegal profits per year, about three times more than previously estimated, according to a new report from the International Labour Organization (ILO). The ILO repo ...Read More
Publication date: 07.03.2012
International Labour Conference, 2012, 119 pages This Global Report analyses the use of fundamental principles and rights (including elimination of forced labour) in trade agreements, the impact of ILO's standard-related work as well as promotional a ...Read More
Publication date: 04.06.2012
On the 1 st of June 2012 the new ILO Global estimate of forced labour has been launched. According to the report 20.9 million women, men and children are suffering in forced labour. The head of the ILO's Special Action Programme to Combat Forced Labour, B ...Read More
Publication date: 05.06.2012
reports Attachments greta_report_romania_2012_en.pdf Section Publications Publication Date Tuesday, ...Read More


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Arts Mean Business Breakfast
Seraphic Fire's Latest Album is an Instant Success
Florida Grand Opera Appoints New Director of Artistic Administration
Museums Provide Free Admission to Military Personnel
New STARs Receive Hermitage Summer Residences
Join the discussion on public art and the economic impact of cultural destinations, led by facilitatators Asi Cymbal, President and Owner, Cymbal Development (developer of Fort Lauderdale's Marina Lofts) and Margi Nothard, President and Design Director of Glavovic Studio.
A complimentary breakfast will be served and opening remarks begin at 8:45 a.m.
Call 954-940-6373 to register, or email, firstname.lastname@example.com.
Florida Grand Opera (FGO) is proud to welcome Julie Maykowski to the team as the new Director of Artistic Administration and Head of the Young Artist Program, overseeing all aspects of the company's music department.A dedicated artist, teacher, and administrator, Maykowski has led a life immersed in music and is a self-professed opera and pedagogy fanatic. She has spent the last seven years in the field of development, most recently as Director of Development in Sarasota Opera and Arizona Opera. She took a deviation in her music career in 2006, just after receiving her Doctoral of Music Arts degree at the University of Kansas. In a this newly appointed role leading Kentucky Opera's educational programming and Young Artist Program, she wrote and directed all programs and lectures as well as conducted all her own fundraising.A lifelong educator, Maykowski worked as a teaching assistant throughout college and taught studio voice as well as served as a guest lecturer in several midwest universities. She also directed both university and professional productions, including The Consuland, The Barber of Seville, and also worked in stage management at the Lyric Opera of Kansas City and Des Moines Metro Opera.
Originally from Colorado, she fondly recalls first falling in love with opera when seeing a production of La traviata in high school, where she sang and played soccer. "Opera combined athleticism and music in a way that made sense to me," she said. She now resides in Fort Lauderdale with her two schnauzers, Abe and Zeke, who are as musical as their owner
Between Memorial Day and Labor Day, active duty military personnel and their families are invited to attend six museums in Broward County, free of charge! National Endowment for the Arts and Blue Star Families have partnered to promote the Blue Star 2013 Museum Program to say Thank You to these dedicated men and women who are risking their lives on behalf of all Americans. The Broward museums participating are;
The Hermitage Artist Retreat, along with its partner the Florida Alliance for Arts Education (FAAE), is pleased to announce the winners of the 2013 State Teachers Artist Residency (STAR) program. Broward County recipients composer, Kristen Rodriguez and musician, Ramiro Malagon, are Florida arts educators who will spend four weeks of their summer vacations as artists-in-residence at the Hermitage Artist Retreat."This is our third summer hosting Florida artists who work during the year as arts educators," remarked Bruce E. Rodgers. "These are our only residencies that have an application process, administered by FAAE. It's open to all Florida arts teachers and we are very proud to say it's been a very successful program, which has brought us some very talented Florida artists who also happen to be teaching our children."Kristen Rodriguez is a media specialist for grades K-5th at West Hollywood Elementary School in Broward County. More than teacher and librarian, Rodriguez sees herself as an orator, writer, filmmaker, editor and role model who can help inspire life-long learning. Her specific area of interest is historic fiction and has already had one play presented by the Renaissance reenactment group, the Adrian Empire. Her goal over the summer is to complete a full-length play.Ramiro Malagon teaches music in grades K-5th at Discovery Elementary in Broward County. His artistic passion includes guitar, both contemporary and classical, along with composition. He began playing at age 12, and continued with formal training at the Puerto Rico Conservatory of Music. Malagon has also co-authored a book, "A Historian de la Musica de Puerto Rico" translated as "The History of Music from Puerto Rico."
The Artist in Residence retreat is from Monday, July 15th until Sunday, August 11.
A free public program has been scheduled for Friday, August 9th.Mark your calendars to come out to Englewood, Florida, and see where this journey takes the STARs of 2013.


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Gamers PWN The Room!
When was the last time you enjoyed THE ROOM game? This phenomenal tribute to the best/worst movie in the universe is a stunning achievement. You too can be a poor soul trapped within those four rose-colored walls of despair. Be a part of the madness as you look for clues to a mystery no one understands. Will you get to the bottom of the spoons? Will anyone?
The Room tribute game is a fan's dream. The game is available at Newgrounds and was programmed by Tim Fulp. It's a flash game so puts those iPads and iPhones away and crank up your computer to join in the 8-bit fun.
Play the full game here and kiss your afternoon goodbye!
Esquire and The Best/Worst Film Ever Made
Even if you haven't watched The Room, as many people a decade after its release haven't, it's entirely possible, without knowing who he is or why anyone cares, that you've seen its director/writer/star/producer Tommy Wiseau's twisted face at least in meme-form, frozen in time as he shouts into space, "You are tearing me apart, Lisa!"
Follow them: @Esquiremag on Twitter | Esquire on Facebook
Visit them at Esquire.com
Vulture Circles The Room on its Anniversary
Ten years ago, in June 2003, a small independent film with a terrible script, a no-name director, and a cast of unknowns opened for a short run in Los Angeles. It was panned by the few critics who saw it and closed two weeks later, having grossed $1,800. But the film had something that set it apart. For while there are plenty of bad movies, there are no movies that are bad in all the ways The Room is bad. It suspends all normal rules of drama. Conflicts are introduced and then disappear instantly. Characters experience rapid mood swings, and everyone speaks in a weird brand of English filled with bizarre idioms. ("Keep your stupid comments in your pocket!") The sex scenes are scarier than the scary scenes.
Classic Remixes of The Room
The Room is a lot like a chameleon. It can be many things to many people. Here are two awesome remixes of Wiseau's great masterwork.
The Room- Horror Style
Did you ever wonder what it would be like if Denny was a psychopath? Wait…he is. Okay, this one may not be a huge stretch but it sure shows Denny at his most dangerous.
The Room – Full House Mashup
Johnny didn't always have it so rough. Before times got tough, he was part of a pretty happy family. Life was sure good in San Francisco with his buddies Jesse and Joey.
Wiseau is Wired…and The Room is 10 Years Old!
Our good friends at Wired had a great article celebrating the 10th Anniversary of Tommy Wiseau's masterpiece. When do you first remember seeing the film? Thank you, Tommy, for 10 years of hilarity. Let's see Tennessee William's do that!
Click here to read the full article!
Policymic Explores 10 Years of Awfulness!
From POLICYMIC
'The Room' is 10 Years Old, and It's Still Gloriously Terrible
I loped down the theater steps, tailed by several friends, as a giant, pulsating mass of theatergoers shouted at decibel levels that, along with the adrenaline pumping through us, rendered the movie inaudible. As we reached the bottom, we spotted several other audience members scavenging a graveyard of plastic spoons, which had been thrown at the screen whenever a picture of a spoon appeared in a scene. As I stuffed precious ammunition into my pockets, heinous cries of "Spoon whore!" and "We don't want your kind around here!" poured in from the front row. Everyone began beaming their spoons at us. We were showered with spoons. "Good, more ammo for me," I thought greedily, and giggled maniacally. I couldn't wipe the grin off my face. Never in my life have I been so happy to be called a spoon whore.
Obscurus Lupa Reviews The Room
Were you expecting a love letter? lol
Greg Sistero Writes About The Room
From Entertainment Weekly!
What do you do when you've appeared in one of the worst films ever made? Why, write a book about it, of course!
Okay, so that's not what usually happens. But there is very little which could be considered "usual" about the infamous, so-bad-it's-amazing 2003 film The Room, one of whose stars, Greg Sestero ("Oh, hi Mark!"), has now penned a book called The Disaster Artist: My Life Inside The Room, the Greatest Bad Movie Ever Made.
The Room Hit's Empire's Top Ten Worst
From EMPIRE MAGAZINE
Director/screenwriter/star Tommy Wiseau.
Famed far and wide as the most inept film ever made, The Room combines the worst of every discipline, to the extent that it was dubbed "the Citizen Kane of bad movies" by Entertainment Weekly.