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French Tarragon
Common Name: French Tarragon[1]
Scientific Name: Artemisia dracunculus sativa
Thomas Jefferson first encounted tarragon while in Paris. When he returned to the U.S., he found it hard to find. He made several inquiries to locate seeds, but seeds were scarce since plants used for cooking and vinegar rarely made seeds. People propagated it from cuttings and root division.[2] In 1806, Philadelphia nurseryman Bernard McMahon sent a shipment of roots on April 30th.[3] He also requested roots from McMahon in 1809, as well.
He planted it in the bed at the Northwest border on April 12th, but they "failed."[4] In 1812, he transplanted it in Square XVII of the garden.[5] He also documented the planting of tarragon in 1813[6] and in 1814.[7]
The species Artemisia dracunculus was in English gardens since the sixteenth century and in American gardens before the Revolution.[8]
French Tarragon is a hardy perennial herb with edible, aromatic foliage. Its popularity with Jefferson most likely comes from the fact that this herb is essential in French cuisine like Bearnaise sauce, vinegars, and in fish and chicken dishes. An example of this popularity is Jefferson's vinaigre d'estragon where three pints of vinegar was added to one quart of partially dried tarragon leaves. After one week, it was strained, bottled, and corked.[9]
Primary Source References[10]
1793 March 10. (Jefferson to J.P.P. Derieux). "The estragon (called in English Tarragon) is little known in America."[11]
1805 October 12. (Jefferson to J.P. Reibelt). "there is a garden plant in France which I have never been able to get, the Estragon. perhaps Mr. Labullage could furnish me a little of the seed."[12]
1806 April 25. (Jefferson to Bernard McMahon). "TH:J has been many years endeavoring to get some seed of the Tarragon, but without success."[13]
1806 April 30. (Bernard McMahon to Jefferson). "It gives me much pleasure to have it in my power to send you a few roots of the Artemisia Dracunculus, or Tarragon, these I forwarded by yesterday's mail and hope you will receive them in good condition; they propogate very freely and abundantly by the roots, and are perfectly hardy, requiring no additional care or protection in winter."[14]
1806 July 12. (Bernard McMahon to Jefferson). "I am desirous to know if the Tarragon plants have succeeded, as, if necessary, I will send you a further supply."[15]
1807 December 22. (Jefferson to J.P. Reibelt). "Your favor of Oct. 25 with the seed of the wild Estrangon came to hand last night for which I now return you my thanks."[16]
1809 January 17. (Bernard McMahon to Jefferson). "I wish to know if the Tattagon roots I sent you have succeeded as I can send you a supply in due time this season if they failed."[17]
1809 October 11. (Jefferson to William Thornton). "the tarragon you were so kind as to send me is now growing with the former bunch..."[18]
1812 June 1. (Jefferson to J. Peter Derieux). "Your favor of May st is just received, with the seed & root of the Tarragon, for which I return my thanks. the root had become entirley dry and without any principle of vegetation left in it. this was less important, as I had some years ago succeeded in obtaining the plant from N. Orleans where it grows wild."[19]
- ↑ This section is based on a Center for Historic Plants Information Sheet and Peter Hatch, "Herbs," Monticello Research Report, 2-3.
- ↑ Alice M. Coates, Flowers and their Histories (London: Black, 1968), 280.
- ↑ Betts, Garden Book, 318.
- ↑ Ibid, 388.Manuscript and transcription at the Massachusetts Historical Society.
- ↑ Ibid, 470.
- ↑ Ibid, 500. Manuscript and transcription at the Massachusetts Historical Society
- ↑ Ibid, 522. Manuscript and transcription at the Massachusetts Historical Society.
- ↑ Coates, 277.
- ↑ Hatch, 4.
- ↑ Please note that this list should not be considered comprehensive.
- ↑ Betts, Garden Book, 305.
- ↑ Betts, Garden Book, 313. Polygraph Copy at the Library of Congress.
- ↑ Ibid, 318.
- ↑ Ibid, 322. Copy at the Library of Congress.
- ↑ Ibid, 356.
- ↑ Ibid, 402. Copy at the Library of Congress.
- ↑ Betts, Garden Book, 488. Peter Hatch notes that French Tarragon does not do well in high heat and humidity, but the Russian variety does. Hatch, 3.
Further Sources
- Look for more of Jefferson's references in his Garden Book
- McMahon, Bernard. The American Gardener's Calendar, 1806 (Charlottesville: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1997). See pp. 11, 198, and 511
- Thomas Jefferson Center for Historic Plants


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The Gift - Tiffany Reisz
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FindLaw | Legal News & Information
The "Taguba Report" On Treatment
References ..................................................................... 3
Background ................................................................... 6
(Assessment of DoD Counter-Terrorism Interrogation
and Detention Operations In Iraq
MG Miller's Assessment).............................................. 8
IO Comments on MG Miller's Assessment ................... 8
Report on Detention and Corrections In Iraq
(MG Ryder's Report) .................................................... 9
IO Comments on MG Ryder's Report ......................... 12
Preliminary Investigative Actions ................................ 12
Findings and Recommendations
Part One (Detainee Abuse)........................................... 15
Findings ..................................................................15
Recommendations .................................................. 20
Part Two (Escapes and Accountability) ....................... 22
Findings ................................................................. 22
Recommendations .................................................. 31
Part Three (Command Climate, Etc.)............................ 34
Findings ................................................................. 36
Recommendations .................................................. 44
Other Findings/Observations ........................................ 49
Conclusion .................................................................... 50
Annexes ........................................................................ 51
1. Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, 12 August 1949
2. Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in the Armed Forces in the Field, 12 August 1949
3. Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea, 12 August 1949
4. Geneva Convention Protocol Relative to the Status of Refugees, 1967
5. Geneva Convention Relative to the Status of Refugees, 1951
6. Geneva Convention for the Protection of War Victims, 12 August 1949
7. Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 12 August 1949
8. DOD Directive 5100.69, "DOD Program for Prisoners of War and other Detainees," 27 December 1972/p>
9. DOD Directive 5100.77 "DOD Law of War Program," 10 July 1979/p>
10. STANAG No. 2044, Procedures for Dealing with Prisoners of War (PW) (Edition 5), 28 June 1994/p>
11. STANAG No. 2033, Interrogation of Prisoners of War (PW) (Edition 6), 6 December 1994/p>
12. AR 190-8, Enemy Prisoners of War, Retained Personnel, Civilian Internees, and Other Detainees, 1 October 1997
13. AR 190-47, The Army Corrections System, 15 August 1996
14. AR 190-14, Carrying of Firearms and Use of Force for Law Enforcement and Security Duties, 12 March 1993
15. AR 195-5, Evidence Procedures, 28 August 1992
15. AR 195-5, Evidence Procedures, 28 August 1992
16. AR 190-11, Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition andExplosives, 12 February 1998
17. AR 190-12, Military Police Working Dogs, 30 September1993
18. AR 190-13, The Army Physical Security Program, 30September 1993
19. AR 380-67, Personnel Security Program, 9 September 1988
20. AR 380-5, Department of the Army Information Security, 31 September 2000
21. AR 670-1, Wear and Appearance of Army Uniforms and Insignia, 5 September 2003
22. AR 190-40, Serious Incident Report, 30 November 1993
23. AR 15-6, Procedures for Investigating Officers and Boards of Officers, 11 May 1988
24. AR 27-10, Military Justice, 6 September 2002
25. AR 635-200, Enlisted Personnel, 1 November 2000
26. AR 600-8-24, Officer Transfers and Discharges, 29 June 2002
27. AR 500-5, Army Mobilization, 6 July 1996
28. AR 600-20, Army Command Policy, 13 May 2002
29. AR 623-105, Officer Evaluation Reports, 1 April 1998
30. AR 175-9, Contractors Accompanying the Force, 29 October 1999
31. FM 3-19.40, Military Police Internment/Resettlement Operations, 1 August 2001
32. FM 3-19.1, Military Police Operations, 22 March 2001
33. FM 3-19.4, Military Police Leaders' Handbook, 4 March 2002
34. FM 3-05.30, Psychological Operations, 19 June 2000
35. FM 33-1-1, Psychological Operations Techniques and Procedures, 5 May 1994
36. FM 34-52, Intelligence Interrogation, 28 September 1992
37. FM 19-15, Civil Disturbances, 25 November 1985
38. FM 3-0, Operations, 14 June 2001
39. FM 101-5, Staff Organizations and Functions, 23 May 1984
40. FM 3-19.30, Physical Security, 8 January 2001
41. FM 3-21.5, Drill and Ceremonies, 7 July 2003
42. ARTEP 19-546-30 MTP, Mission Training Plan for Military Police Battalion (IR)
43. ARTEP 19-667-30 MTP, Mission Training Plan for Military Police Guard Company
44. ARTEP 19-647-30 MTP, Mission Training Plan for Military Police Escort Guard Company
45. STP 19-95B1-SM, Soldier's Manual, MOS 95B, Military Police, Skill Level 1, 6 August 2002
46. STP 19-95C14-SM-TG, Soldier's Manual and Trainer's Guide for MOS 95C Internment/Resettlement Specialist, Skill Levels 1/2/3/4, 26 March 1999
47. STP 19-95C1-SM MOS 95C, Corrections Specialist, Skill Level 1, Soldier's Manual, 30 September 2003
48. STP 19-95C24-SM-TG MOS 95C, Corrections Specialist, Skill Levels 2/3/4, Soldier's Manual and Trainer's Guide, 30 September 2003
49. Assessment of DOD Counter-Terrorism Interrogation and Detention Operations in Iraq, (MG Geoffrey D. Miller, Commander JTF-GTMO, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba), 9 September 2003
50. Assessment of Detention and Corrections Operations in Iraq, (MG Donald J. Ryder, Provost Marshal General), 6 November 2003
51. CJTF-7 FRAGO #1108, Subject: includes- para 3.C.8 & 3.C.8.A.1, Assignment of 205 MI BDE CDR Responsibilities for the Baghdad Central Confinement Facility (BCCF), 19 November 2003
52. CJTF-7 FRAGO #749, Subject: Intelligence and Evidence- Led Detention Operations Relating to Detainees, 24 August 2003
53. 800th MP BDE FRAGO # 89, Subject: Rules of Engagement, 26 December 2003
54. CG CJTF-7 Memo: CJTF-7 Interrogation and Counter- Resistance Policy, 12 October 2003
55. CG CJTF-7 Memo: Dignity and Respect While Conducting Operations, 13 December 2003
56. Uniform Code of Military Justice and Manual for Courts Martial, 2002 Edition
1. (U) On 19 January 2004, Lieutenant General (LTG) Ricardo S. Sanchez, Commander, Combined Joint Task Force Seven (CJTF-7) requested that the Commander, US Central Command, appoint an Investigating Officer (IO) in the grade of Major General (MG) or above to investigate the conduct of operations within the 800th Military Police (MP) Brigade. LTG Sanchez requested an investigation of detention and internment operations by the Brigade from 1 November 2003 to present. LTG Sanchez cited recent reports of detainee abuse, escapes from confinement facilities, and accountability lapses, which indicated systemic problems within the brigade and suggested a lack of clear standards, proficiency, and leadership. LTG Sanchez requested a comprehensive and all-encompassing inquiry to make findings and recommendations concerning the fitness and performance of the 800th MP Brigade.(ANNEX 2)
2. (U) On 24 January 2003, the Chief of Staff of US Central Command (CENTCOM), MG R. Steven Whitcomb, on behalf of the CENTCOM Commander, directed that the Commander, Coalition Forces Land Component Command (CFLCC), LTG David D. McKiernan, conduct an investigation into the 800th MP Brigade's detention and internment operations from 1 November 2003 to present. CENTCOM directed that the investigation should inquire into all facts and circumstances surrounding recent reports of suspected detainee abuse in Iraq. It also directed that the investigation inquire into detainee escapes and accountability lapses as reported by CJTF-7, and to gain a more comprehensive and all-encompassing inquiry into the fitness and performance of the 800th MP Brigade. (ANNEX 3)
3. (U) On 31 January 2004, the Commander, CFLCC, appointed MG Antonio M. Taguba, Deputy Commanding General Support, CFLCC, to conduct this investigation. MG Taguba was directed to conduct an informal investigation under AR 15- 6 into the 800th MP Brigade's detention and internment operations. Specifically, MG Taguba was tasked to:
4. (U) LTG Sanchez's request to investigate the 800th MP Brigade followed the initiation of a criminal investigation by the US Army Criminal Investigation Command (USACIDC) into specific allegations of detainee abuse committed by members of the 372nd MP Company, 320th MP Battalion in Iraq. These units are part of the 800th MP Brigade. The Brigade is an Iraq Theater asset, TACON to CJTF-7, but OPCON to CFLCC at the time this investigation was initiated. In addition, CJTF-7 had several reports of detainee escapes from US/Coalition Confinement Facilities in Iraq over the past several months. These include Camp Bucca, Camp Ashraf, Abu Ghraib, and the High Value Detainee (HVD) Complex/Camp Cropper. The 800th MP Brigade operated these facilities. In addition, four Soldiers from the 320th MP Battalion had been formally charged under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) with detainee abuse in May 2003 at the Theater Internment Facility (TIF) at Camp Bucca, Iraq. (ANNEXES 5-18, 34 and 35)
5. (U) I began assembling my investigation team prior to the actual appointment by the CFLCC Commander. I assembled subject matter experts from the CFLCC Provost Marshal (PM) and the CFLCC Staff Judge Advocate (SJA). I selected COL Kinard J. La Fate, CFLCC Provost Marshal to be my Deputy for this investigation. I also contacted the Provost Marshal General of the Army, MG Donald J. Ryder, to enlist the support of MP subject matter experts in the areas of detention and internment operations. (ANNEXES 4 and 19)
6. (U) The Investigating Team also reviewed the Assessment of DoD Counter-Terrorism Interrogation and Detention Operations in Iraq conducted by MG Geoffrey D. Miller, Commander, Joint Task Force Guantanamo (JTF-GTMO). From 31 August to 9 September 2003, MG Miller led a team of personnel experienced in strategic interrogation to HQ, CJTF-7 and the Iraqi Survey Group (ISG) to review current Iraqi Theater ability to rapidly exploit internees for actionable intelligence. MG Miller's team focused on three areas: intelligence integration, synchronization, and fusion; interrogation operations; and detention operations. MG Miller's team used JTF-GTMO procedures and interrogation authorities as baselines. (ANNEX 20)
7. (U) The Investigating Team began its inquiry with an in- depth analysis of the Report on Detention and Corrections in Iraq, dated 5 November 2003, conducted by MG Ryder and a team of military police, legal, medical, and automation experts. The CJTF-7 Commander, LTG Sanchez, had previously requested a team of subject matter experts to assess, and make specific recommendations concerning detention and corrections operations. From 13 October to 6 November 2003, MG Ryder personally led this assessment/assistance team in Iraq. (ANNEX 19)
ASSESSMENT OF DoD COUNTER-TERRORISM INTERROGATION AND
1. (S/NF) The principal focus of MG Miller's team was on the strategic interrogation of detainees/internees in Iraq. Among its conclusions in its Executive Summary were that CJTF-7 did not have authorities and procedures in place to affect a unified strategy to detain, interrogate, and report information from detainees/internees in Iraq. The Executive Summary also stated that detention operations must act as an enabler for interrogation. (ANNEX 20)
2. (S/NF) With respect to interrogation, MG Miller's Team recommended that CJTF-7 dedicate and train a detention guard force subordinate to the Joint Interrogation Debriefing Center (JIDC) Commander that "sets the conditions for the successful interrogation and exploitation of internees/detainees." Regarding Detention Operations, MG Miller's team stated that the function of Detention Operations is to provide a safe, secure, and humane environment that supports the expeditious collection of intelligence. However, it also stated "it is essential that the guard force be actively engaged in setting the conditions for successful exploitation of the internees." (ANNEX 20)
3. (S/NF) MG Miller's team also concluded that Joint Strategic Interrogation Operations (within CJTF-7) are hampered by lack of active control of the internees within the detention environment. The Miller Team also stated that establishment of the Theater Joint Interrogation and Detention Center (JIDC) at Abu Ghraib (BCCF) will consolidate both detention and strategic interrogation operations and result in synergy between MP and MI resources and an integrated, synchronized, and focused strategic interrogation effort. (ANNEX 20)
4. (S/NF) MG Miller's team also observed that the application of emerging strategic interrogation strategies and techniques contain new approaches and operational art. The Miller Team also concluded that a legal review and recommendations on internee interrogation operations by a dedicated Command Judge Advocate is required to maximize interrogation effectiveness. (ANNEX 20)
1. (S/NF) MG Miller's team recognized that they were using JTF-GTMO operational procedures and interrogation authorities as baselines for its observations and recommendations. There is a strong argument that the intelligence value of detainees held at JTF-Guantanamo (GTMO) is different than that of the detainees/internees held at Abu Ghraib (BCCF) and other detention facilities in Iraq. Currently, there are a large number of Iraqi criminals held at Abu Ghraib (BCCF). These are not believed to be international terrorists or members of Al Qaida, Anser Al Islam, Taliban, and other international terrorist organizations. (ANNEX 20)
2. (S/NF) The recommendations of MG Miller's team that the "guard force" be actively engaged in setting the conditions for successful exploitation of the internees would appear to be in conflict with the recommendations of MG Ryder's Team and AR 190-8 that military police "do not participate in military intelligence supervised interrogation sessions." The Ryder Report concluded that the OEF template whereby military police actively set the favorable conditions for subsequent interviews runs counter to the smooth operation of a detention facility. (ANNEX 20)
2. (U) Many of the findings and recommendations of MG Ryder's team are beyond the scope of this investigation. However, several important findings are clearly relevant to this inquiry and are summarized below (emphasis is added in certain areas):
B. (U) Means of Command and Control of the Detention and
1. (U) The 800th MP Brigade was originally task
2. (U) The 800th MP Brigade (I/R) is currently a CFLCC
3. (U) The 800th MP Brigade has experienced challenges
4. (U) EPWs and Civilian Internees should receive the
5. (U) AR 190-8, Enemy Prisoners of War, Retained
6. MG Ryder's Report also made the following, inter
1. (U) The objective of MG Ryder's Team was to observe
2. (U) Unfortunately, many of the systemic problems that
3. (U) I concur fully with MG Ryder's conclusion regarding
1. (U) Following our review of MG Ryder's Report and MG
2. (U) In addition to military police and legal officers
3. (U) In addition to MG Ryder's and MG Miller's Reports,
4. (U) On 2 February 2004, I took my team to Baghdad for a
5. (U) At the same time, due to the Transfer of Authority
(U) The investigation should inquire into all of the factsand circumstances surrounding recent allegations of detaineeabuse, specifically, allegations of maltreatment at the AbuGhraib Prison (Baghdad Central Confinement Facility).
1. (U) The US Army Criminal Investigation Command (CID), led by COL Jerry Mocello, and a team of highly trained professional agents have done a superb job of investigating several complex and extremely disturbing incidents of detainee abuse at the Abu Ghraib Prison. They conducted over 50 interviews of witnesses, potential criminal suspects, and detainees. They also uncovered numerous photos and videos portraying in graphic detail detainee abuse by Military Police personnel on numerous occasions from October to December 2003. Several potential suspects rendered full and complete confessions regarding their personal involvement and the involvement of fellow Soldiers in this abuse. Several potential suspects invoked their rights under Article 31 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) and the 5th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. (ANNEX 25)
2. (U) In addition to a comprehensive and exhaustive review of all of these statements and documentary evidence, we also interviewed numerous officers, NCOs, and junior enlisted Soldiers in the 800th MP Brigade, as well as members of the 205th Military Intelligence Brigade working at the prison. We did not believe it was necessary to re-interview all the numerous witnesses who had previously provided comprehensive statements to CID, and I have adopted those statements for the purposes of this investigation. (ANNEXES 26), 34), 35), and 45-91)
1. (U) That Forward Operating Base (FOB) Abu Ghraib (BCCF) provides security of both criminal and security detainees at the Baghdad Central Correctional Facility, facilitates the conducting of interrogations for CJTF-7, supports other CPA operations at the prison, and enhances the force protection/quality of life of Soldiers assigned in order to ensure the success of ongoing operations to secure a free Iraq. (Annex 31)
2. (U) That the Commander, 205th Military Intelligence Brigade, was designated by CJTF-7 as the Commander of FOB Abu Ghraib (BCCF) effective 19 November 2003. That the 205th MI Brigade conducts operational and strategic interrogations for CJTF-7. That from 19 November 2003 until Transfer of Authority (TOA) on 6 February 2004, COL Thomas M. Pappas was the Commander of the 205th MI Brigade and the Commander of FOB Abu Ghraib (BCCF). (Annex 31)
3. (U) That the 320th Military Police Battalion of the 800th MP Brigade is responsible for the Guard Force at Camp Ganci, Camp Vigilant, & Cellblock 1 of FOB Abu Ghraib (BCCF). That from February 2003 to until he was suspended from his duties on 17 January 2004, LTC Jerry Phillabaum served as the Battalion Commander of the 320th MP Battalion. That from December 2002 until he was suspended from his duties, on 17 January 2004, CPT Donald Reese served as the Company Commander of the 372nd MP Company, which was in charge of guarding detainees at FOB Abu Ghraib. I further find that both the 320th MP Battalion and the 372nd MP Company were located within the confines of FOB Abu Ghraib. (ANNEXES 32 and 45)
4. (U) That from July of 2003 to the present, BG Janis L. Karpinski was the Commander of the 800th MP Brigade. (Annex 45)
5. (S) That between October and December 2003, at the Abu Ghraib Confinement Facility (BCCF), numerous incidents of sadistic, blatant, and wanton criminal abuses were inflicted on several detainees. This systemic and illegal abuse of detainees was intentionally perpetrated by several members of the military police guard force (372nd Military Police Company, 320th Military Police Battalion, 800th MP Brigade), in Tier (section) 1-A of the Abu Ghraib Prison (BCCF). The allegations of abuse were substantiated by detailed witness statements (ANNEX 26) and the discovery of extremely graphic photographic evidence. Due to the extremely sensitive nature of these photographs and videos, the ongoing CID investigation, and the potential for the criminal prosecution of several suspects, the photographic evidence is not included in the body of my investigation. The pictures and videos are available from the Criminal Investigative Command and the CTJF-7 prosecution team. In addition to the aforementioned crimes, there were also abuses committed by members of the 325th MI Battalion, 205th MI Brigade, and Joint Interrogation and Debriefing Center (JIDC). Specifically, on 24 November 2003, SPC Luciana Spencer, 205th MI Brigade, sought to degrade a detainee by having him strip and returned to cell naked. (ANNEXES 26 and 53)
6. (S) I find that the intentional abuse of detainees by military police personnel included the following acts:
7. (U) These findings are amply supported by written confessions provided by several of the suspects, written statements provided by detainees, and witness statements. In reaching my findings, I have carefully considered the pre-existing statements of the following witnesses and suspects (ANNEX 26):
8. (U) In addition, several detainees also described the following acts of abuse, which under the circumstances, I find credible based on the clarity of their statements and supporting evidence provided by other witnesses (ANNEX 26):
9. (U) I have carefully considered the statements provided by the following detainees, which under the circumstances I find credible based on the clarity of their statements and supporting evidence provided by other witnesses:
10. (U) I find that contrary to the provision of AR 190-8, and the findings found in MG Ryder's Report, Military Intelligence (MI) interrogators and Other US Government Agency's (OGA) interrogators actively requested that MP guards set physical and mental conditions for favorable interrogation of witnesses. Contrary to the findings of MG Ryder's Report, I find that personnel assigned to the 372nd MP Company, 800th MP Brigade were directed to change facility procedures to "set the conditions" for MI interrogations. I find no direct evidence that MP personnel actually participated in those MI interrogations. (ANNEXES 19, 21, 25, and 26).
11. (U) I reach this finding based on the actual proven abuse that I find was inflicted on detainees and by the following witness statements. (ANNEXES 25, and 26):
12. (U) I find that prior to its deployment to Iraq for
13. (U) Another obvious example of the Brigade Leadership
14. (U) Formal charges under the UCMJ were preferred
1. (U) Immediately deploy to the Iraq Theater an integrated
2. (U) That all military police and military intelligence
3. (U) That a single commander in CJTF-7 be responsible for
4. (U) That detention facility commanders and interrogation
5. (U) That each detention facility commander and
6. (U) That in accordance with the recommendations of MG
7. (U) Appoint the C3, CJTF as the staff proponent for
8. (U) That an inquiry UP AR 381-10, Procedure 15 be
9. (U) That it is critical that the proponent for detainee
(U) The Investigation inquire into detainee escapes and
1. The 800th MP Brigade was responsible for theater-wide
2. (U) The 320th MP Battalion, 800th MP Brigade was tasked
3. (U) The 310th MP Battalion, 800th MP Brigade was tasked
4. (U) The 744th MP Battalion, 800th MP Brigade was tasked
5. (U) The 530th MP Battalion, 800th MP Brigade was tasked
6. (U) Detainee operations include accountability, care,
7. (U) The accountability for detainees is doctrinally an MP task IAW FM 3-19.40. (ANNEX 22)
8. (U) There is a general lack of knowledge,
10. (U) Camp Bucca, operated by the 310th MP Battalion, had
11. (U) Incoming and outgoing detainees are being
12. (U) There was a severe lapse in the accountability of
13. (U) The 320th Battalion TACSOP requires detainee accountability at least 4 times daily at Abu Ghraib. However, a detailed review of their operational journals revealed that these accounts were often not done or not documented by the unit. Additionally, there is no indication that accounting errors or the loss of a detainee in the accounting process triggered any immediate corrective action by the Battalion TOC. (ANNEX 44)
14. (U) There is a lack of standardization in the way the 320th MP Battalion conducted physical counts of their detainees. Each compound within a given encampment did their headcounts differently. Some compounds had detainees line up in lines of 10, some had them sit in rows, and some moved all the detainees to one end of the compound and counted them as they passed to the other end of the compound. (ANNEX 98)
15. (U) FM 3-19.40 outlines the need for 2 roll calls (100% ISN band checks) per day. The 320th MP Battalion did this check only 2 times per week. Due to the lack of real-time updates to the system, these checks were regularly inaccurate. (Annexes 22and 98)
16. (U) The 800th MP Brigade and subordinate units adoptednon-doctrinal terms such as "band checks," "roll-ups," and"call-ups," which contributed to the lapses inaccountability and confusion at the soldier level. (ANNEXES63, 88, and 98)
17. (U) Operational journals at the various compounds and the 320th Battalion TOC contained numerous unprofessional entries and flippant comments, which highlighted the lack of discipline within the unit. There was no indication that the journals were ever reviewed by anyone in their chain of command. (ANNEX 37)
18. (U) Accountability SOPs were not fully developed and standing TACSOPs were widely ignored. Any SOPs that did exist were not trained on, and were never distributed to the lowest level. Most procedures were shelved at the unit TOC, rather than at the subordinate units and guards mount sites. (ANNEXES 44, 67, 71, and 85)
19. (U) Accountability and facility operations SOPs lacked specificity, implementation measures, and a system of checks and balances to ensure compliance. (ANNEXES 76 and 82)
20. (U) Basic Army Doctrine was not widely referenced or utilized to develop the accountability practices throughout the 800th MP Brigade's subordinate units. Daily processing, accountability, and detainee care appears to have been made up as the operations developed with reliance on, and guidance from, junior members of the unit who had civilian corrections experience. (ANNEX 21)
21. (U) Soldiers were poorly prepared and untrained to conduct I/R operations prior to deployment, at the mobilization site, upon arrival in theater, and throughout their mission. (ANNEXES 62, 63, and 69)
22. (U) The documentation provided to this investigation identified 27 escapes or attempted escapes from the detention facilities throughout the 800th MP Brigade's AOR. Based on my assessment and detailed analysis of the substandard accountability process maintained by the 800th MP Brigade, it is highly likely that there were several more unreported cases of escape that were probably "written off" as administrative errors or otherwise undocumented. 1LT Lewis Raeder, Platoon Leader, 372nd MP Company, reported knowing about at least two additional escapes (one from a work detail and one from a window) from Abu Ghraib (BCCF) that were not documented. LTC Dennis McGlone, Commander, 744th MP Battalion, detailed the escape of one detainee at the High Value Detainee Facility who went to the latrine and then outran the guards and escaped. Lastly, BG Janis Karpinski, Commander, 800th MP Brigade, stated that there were more than 32 escapes from her holding facilities, which does not match the number derived from the investigation materials. (ANNEXES 5-10, 45, 55, and 71)
23. (U) The Abu Ghraib and Camp Bucca detention facilities are significantly over their intended maximum capacity while the guard force is undermanned and under resourced. This imbalance has contributed to the poor living conditions, escapes, and accountability lapses at the various facilities. The overcrowding of the facilities also limits the ability to identify and segregate leaders in the detainee population who may be organizing escapes and riots within the facility. (ANNEXES 6, 22, and 92)
24. (U) The screening, processing, and release of detainees who should not be in custody takes too long and contributes to the overcrowding and unrest in the detention facilities. There are currently three separate release mechanisms in the theater-wide internment operations. First, the apprehending unit can release a detainee if there is a determination that their continued detention is not warranted. Secondly, a criminal detainee can be released after it has been determined that the detainee has no intelligence value, and that their release would not be detrimental to society. BG Karpinski had signature authority to release detainees in this second category. Lastly, detainees accused of committing "Crimes Against the Coalition," who are held throughout the separate facilities in the CJTF-7 AOR, can be released upon a determination that they are of no intelligence value and no longer pose a significant threat to Coalition Forces. The release process for this category of detainee is a screening by the local US Forces Magistrate Cell and a review by a Detainee Release Board consisting of BG Karpinski, COL Marc Warren, SJA, CJTF-7, and MG Barbara Fast, C-2, CJTF-7. MG Fast is the "Detainee Release Authority" for detainees being held for committing crimes against the coalition. According to BG Karpinski, this category of detainee makes up more than 60% of the total detainee population, and is the fastest growing category. However, MG Fast, according to BG Karpinski, routinely denied the board's recommendations to release detainees in this category who were no longer deemed a threat and clearly met the requirements for release. According to BG Karpinski, the extremely slow and ineffective release process has significantly contributed to the overcrowding of the facilities. (ANNEXES 40, 45, and 46)
25. (U) After Action Reviews (AARs) are not routinely being conducted after an escape or other serious incident. No lessons learned seem to have been disseminated to subordinate units to enable corrective action at the lowest level. The Investigation Team requested copies of AARs, and none were provided. (Multiple Witness Statements)
26. (U) Lessons learned (i.e. Findings and Recommendations from various 15-6 Investigations concerning escapes and accountability lapses) were rubber stamped as approved and ordered implemented by BG Karpinski. There is no evidence that the majority of her orders directing the implementation of substantive changes were ever acted upon. Additionally, there was no follow-up by the command to verify the corrective actions were taken. Had the findings and recommendations contained within their own investigations been analyzed and actually implemented by BG Karpinski, many of the subsequent escapes, accountability lapses, and cases of abuse may have been prevented. (ANNEXES 5-10)
27. (U) The perimeter lighting around Abu Ghraib and the detention facility at Camp Bucca is inadequate and needs to be improved to illuminate dark areas that have routinely become avenues of escape. (ANNEX 6)
28. (U) Neither the camp rules nor the provisions of the Geneva Conventions are posted in English or in the language of the detainees at any of the detention facilities in the 800th MP Brigade's AOR, even after several investigations had annotated the lack of this critical requirement. (Multiple Witness Statements and the Personal Observations of the Investigation Team)
29. (U) The Iraqi guards at Abu Ghraib BCCF) demonstrate questionable work ethics and loyalties, and are a potentially dangerous contingent within the Hard-Site. These guards have furnished the Iraqi criminal inmates with contraband, weapons, and information. Additionally, they have facilitated the escape of at least one detainee. (ANNEX 8 and 26-SPC Polak's Statement)
30. (U) In general, US civilian contract personnel (Titan Corporation, CACI, etc.), third country nationals, and local contractors do not appear to be properly supervised within the detention facility at Abu Ghraib. During our on-site inspection, they wandered about with too much unsupervised free access in the detainee area. Having civilians in various outfits (civilian and DCUs) in and about the detainee area causes confusion and may have contributed to the difficulties in the accountability process and with detecting escapes. (ANNEX 51, Multiple Witness Statements, and the Personal Observations of the Investigation Team)
31. (U) SGM Marc Emerson, Operations SGM, 320th MP Battalion, contended that the Detainee Rules of Engagement (DROE) and the general principles of the Geneva Convention were briefed at every guard mount and shift change on Abu Ghraib. However, none of our witnesses, nor our personal observations, support his contention. I find that SGM Emerson was not a credible witness. (ANNEXES 45, 80, and the Personal Observations of the Investigation Team)
32. (U) Several interviewees insisted that the MP and MI Soldiers at Abu Ghraib (BCCF) received regular training on the basics of detainee operations; however, they have been unable to produce any verifying documentation, sign-in rosters, or soldiers who can recall the content of this training. (ANNEXES 59, 80, and the Absence of any Training Records)
33. (S/NF) The various detention facilities operated by the 800th MP Brigade have routinely held persons brought to them by Other Government Agencies (OGAs) without accounting for them, knowing their identities, or even the reason for their detention. The Joint Interrogation and Debriefing Center (JIDC) at Abu Ghraib called these detainees "ghost detainees." On at least one occasion, the 320th MP Battalion at Abu Ghraib held a handful of "ghost detainees" (6-8) for OGAs that they moved around within the facility to hide them from a visiting International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) survey team. This maneuver was deceptive, contrary to Army Doctrine, and in violation of international law. (ANNEX 53)
34. (U) The following riots, escapes, and shootings have been documented and reported to this Investigation Team. Although there is no data from other missions of similar size and duration to compare the number of escapes with, the most significant factors derived from these reports are twofold. First, investigations and SIRs lacked critical data needed to evaluate the details of each incident. Second, each investigation seems to have pointed to the same types of deficiencies; however, little to nothing was done to correct the problems and to implement the recommendations as was ordered by BG Karpinski, nor was there any command emphasis to ensure these deficiencies were corrected:
36. (U) As I have previously indicated, this investigation determined that there was virtually a complete lack of detailed SOPs at any of the detention facilities. Moreover, despite the fact that there were numerous reported escapes at detention facilities throughout Iraq (in excess of 35), AR 15-6 Investigations following these escapes were simply forgotten or ignored by the Brigade Commander with no dissemination to other facilities. After-Action Reports and Lessons Learned, if done at all, remained at individual facilities and were not shared among other commanders or soldiers throughout the Brigade. The Command never issued standard TTPs for handling escape incidents. (ANNEXES 5-10, Multiple Witness Statements, and the Personal Observations of the Investigation Team)
(U) Investigate the training, standards, employment, commandpolicies, internal procedures, and command climate in the800th MP Brigade, as appropriate:
Pursuant to Part Three of the Investigation, select membersof the Investigation team (Primarily COL La Fate and I)personally interviewed the following witnesses:
1. (U) I find that BG Janis Karpinski took command of the
2. (U) Prior to BG Karpinski taking command, members of the
3. (U) There is abundant evidence in the statements of
4. (U) I find that the 800th MP Brigade was not adequately
5. (U) I find that without adequate training for a civilian
6. (U) I also find, as did MG Ryder's Team, that the 800th
7. (U) Reserve Component units do not have an individual
8. (U) With respect to the 800th MP Brigade mission at Abu
9. (U) I find that this ambiguous command relationship was
Although not supported by BG Karpinski, FRAGO 1108 made
all of the MP units at Abu Ghraib TACON to the Commander,
205th MI Brigade. This effectively made an MI Officer,
rather than an MP Officer, responsible for the MP units
conducting detainee operations at that facility. This
is not doctrinally sound due to the different missions
and agendas assigned to each of these respective
specialties. (ANNEX 31)
10 (U) Joint Publication 0-2, Unified Action Armed Forces
"TACON is the command authority over assigned or
attached forces or commands or military capability made
available for tasking that is limited to the detailed
direction and control of movements or maneuvers within
the operational area necessary to accomplish assigned
missions or tasks. TACON is inherent in OPCON and may
be delegated to and exercised by commanders at any
echelon at or below the level of combatant commander."
11. (U) Based on all the facts and circumstances in this
12. (U) It is clear from a comprehensive review of witness
13. (U) With respect to the 320th MP Battalion, I find that
14. (U) During the course of this investigation I conducted
15. (U) BG Karpinski alleged that she received no help from
16. (U) BG Karpinski also implied during her testimony that
17. (U) Numerous witnesses stated that the 800th MP Brigade
18. (U) In addition to poor morale and staff inefficiencies, I find that the 800th MP Brigade did not articulate or enforce clear and basic Soldier and Army standards. I specifically found these examples of unenforced standards:
800th MP Brigade
400th MP Battalion
770th MP Company
d. (U) Saluting of officers was sporadic and not
19. (U) I find that individual Soldiers within the 800th MP
20. (U) In addition I find that psychological factors, such
21. As I have documented in other parts of this
22. On 17 January 2004 BG Karpinski was formally admonished
1. (U) That BG Janis L. Karpinski, Commander, 800th MP
2. (U) That COL Thomas M. Pappas, Commander, 205th MI
3.(U) That LTC (P) Jerry L. Phillabaum, Commander, 320th MP
4. (U) That LTC Steven L. Jordan, Former Director, Joint
5. (U) That MAJ David W. DiNenna, Sr., S-3, 320th MP
6. (U) That CPT Donald J. Reese, Commander, 372nd MP
7. (U) That 1LT Lewis C. Raeder, Platoon Leader, 372nd MP
Battalion, be Relieved from his duties and given a
General Officer Memorandum of Reprimand for the following
acts which have been previously referred to in the
aforementioned findings:
9. (U) That 1SG Brian G. Lipinski, First Sergeant, 372nd MP
10. (U) That SFC Shannon K. Snider, Platoon Sergeant,
11. (U) That Mr. Steven Stephanowicz, Contract US Civilian
12. (U) That Mr. John Israel, Contract US Civilian
13. (U) I find that there is sufficient credible information
1. (U) Due to the nature and scope of this investigation, I
2. (U) During the course of this investigation I conducted
3. (U) Throughout the investigation, we observed many individual Soldiers and some subordinate units under the 800th MP Brigade that overcame significant obstacles, persevered in extremely poor conditions, and upheld the Army Values. We discovered numerous examples of Soldiers and Sailors taking the initiative in the absence of leadership and accomplishing their assigned tasks.
4. (U) The individual Soldiers and Sailors that we observed
1. (U) Several US Army Soldiers have committed egregious
2. (U) Approval and implementation of the recommendations
2 Request for investigation from CJTF-7 to CENTCOM
3 Directive to CFLCC from CENTCOM directing investigation
4 Appointment Memo from CFLCC CDR to MG Taguba
5 15-6 Investigation 9 June 2003
6. 15-6 Investigation 12 June 2003
7. 15-6 Investigation 13 June 2003
8. 15-6 Investigation 24 November 2003
9. 15-6 Investigation 7 January 2004
10. 15-6 Investigation 12 January 2004
11. SIR 5 November 2003
12. SIR 7 November 2003
13. SIR 8 November 2003
14. SIR 13 December 2003
15. SIR 13 December 2003
16. SIR 13 December 2003
17. SIR 17 December 2003
18. Commander's Inquiry 26 January 2004
19 MG Ryder's Report, 6 November 2003
20 MG Miller's Report, 9 September 2003
21 AR 190-8, Enemy Prisoners of War, Retained Personnel, Civilian Internees, and Other Detainees, 1 October 1997
22 22. FM 3-19.40, Military Police Internment/Resettlement Operations, 1 August 2001
23 23. FM 34-52, Intelligence Interrogation, 28 September 1992
24 24. Fourth Geneva Convention, 12 August 1949
25 25. CID Report on criminal abuses at Abu Ghraib, 28 January 2004
26 26. CID Interviews, 10-25 January 2004
27. 800th MP Brigade Roster, 29 January 2004
28. 205th MI Brigade's IROE, Undated
29. TOA Order (800th MP Brigade) and letter holding witnesses
30. Investigation Team's witness list
32 Letters suspending several key leaders in the 800th MP Brigade and Rating Chain with suspensions annotated
33. FM 27-10, Military Justice, 6 September 2002
34 CID Report on abuse of detainees at Camp Bucca, 8 June 2003
35 Article 32 Findings on abuse of detainees at Camp Bucca, 26 August 2003
36. AR 381-10, 1 July 1984
37 37. Excerpts from log books, 320th MP Battalion
38. 310th MP Battalion's Inprocessing SOP
39. 320th MP Battalion's "Change Sheet"
40. Joint Interrogation and Debriefing Center's (JIDC) Slides, Undated
41. Order of Battle Slides, 12 January 2004
42. Joint Publication 0-2, Unified Actions Armed Forces, 10 July 2001
43. General Officer Memorandums of Reprimand
44. 800th MP Battalion's TACSOP
45 BG Janis Karpinski, Commander, 800th MP Brigade
46 COL Thomas Pappas, Commander, 205th MI Brigade
47. COL Ralph Sabatino, CFLCC Judge Advocate, CPA Ministry of Justice
48. LTC Gary W. Maddocks, S-5 and Executive Officer, 800th MP Brigade
49. LTC James O'Hare, Command Judge Advocate, 800th MP Brigade
50. LTC Robert P. Walters Jr., Commander, 165th MI Battalion (Tactical exploitation)
51. LTC James D. Edwards, Commander, 202nd MI Battalion
52. LTC Vincent Montera, Commander 310th MP Battalion
53. LTC Steve Jordan, former Director, Joint Interrogation and Debriefing Center/LNO to the 205th MI Brigade
54. LTC Leigh A. Coulter, Commander 724th MP Battalion and OIC Arifjan Detachment, 800th MP Brigade
55. LTC Dennis McGlone, Commander, 744th MP Battalion
56. MAJ David Hinzman, S-1, 800th MP Brigade
57. MAJ William D. Proietto, Deputy CJA, 800th MP Brigade
58. MAJ Stacy L. Garrity, S-1 (FWD), 800th MP Brigade
59. MAJ David W. DiNenna, S-3, 320th MP Battalion
60. MAJ Michael Sheridan, XO, 320th MP Battalion
61. MAJ Anthony Cavallaro, S-3, 800th MP Brigade
62. CPT Marc C. Hale, Commander, 670th MP Company
63. CPT Donald Reese, Commander, 372nd MP Company
64. CPT Darren Hampton, Assistant S-3, 320th MP Battalion
65. CPT John Kaires, S-3, 310th MP Battalion
66. CPT Ed Diamantis, S-2, 800th MP Brigade
67. LTC Jerry L. Phillabaum, Commander, 320th MP Battalion
68. CPT James G. Jones, Commander, 229th MP Company
69. CPT Michael A. Mastrangelo, Jr., Commander, 310th MP Company
70. CPT Lawrence Bush, IG, 800th MP Brigade
71. 1LT Lewis C. Raeder, Platoon Leader, 372nd MP Company
72. 1LT Elvis Mabry, Aide-de-Camp to Brigade Commander, 800th MP Brigade
73. 1LT Warren E. Ford, II, Commander, HHC 320th MP Battalion
74. 2LT David O. Sutton, Platoon Leader, 229th MP Company
75. CW2 Edward J. Rivas, 205th MI Brigade
76. CSM Joseph P. Arrison, Command Sergeant Major, 320th MP Battalion
77. SGM Pascual Cartagena, Command Sergeant Major, 800th MP Brigade
78. CSM Timothy L. Woodcock, Command Sergeant Major, 310th MP Battalion
79. 1SG Dawn J. Rippelmeyer, First Sergeant, 977th MP Company
80. SGM Mark Emerson, Operations SGM, 320th MP Battalion
81. MSG Brian G. Lipinski, First Sergeant, 372nd MP Company
82. MSG Andrew J. Lombardo, Operations Sergeant, 310th MP Battalion
83. SFC Daryl J. Plude, Platoon Sergeant, 229th MP Company
84. SFC Shannon K. Snider, Platoon SGT, 372nd MP Company
85. SFC Keith A. Comer, 372nd MP Company
86. SSG Robert Elliot, Squad Leader, 372nd MP Company
87. SSG Santos A. Cardona, Army Dog Handler
88. SGT Michael Smith, Army Dog Handler
89. MA1 William J. Kimbro, USN Dog Handler
90. Mr. Steve Stephanowicz, US civilian contract Interrogator, CACI, 205th MI Brigade
91 Mr. John Israel, US civilian contract Interpreter, Titan Corporation, 205th MI Brigade
92. FM 3-19.1, Military Police Operations, 22 March 2001
93 CJTF-7 IROE and DROE, Undated
94 CJTF-7 Interrogation and Counter Resistance Policy, 12 October 2003
95 95. 800th MP Brigade Mobilization Orders
96. Sample Detainee Status Report, 13 March 2004
97 530th MP Battalion Mission Brief, 11 February 2004
98. Memorandum for Record, CPT Ed Ray, Chief of Military Justice, CFLCC, 9 March 2004
99. SIR 14 January 2004
100. Accountability Plan Recommendations, 9 March 2004
101. 2LT Michael R. Osterhout, S-2, 320th MP Battalion
102. Memorandum of Admonishment from LTG Sanchez to BG Karpinski, 17 January 2004
103. Various SIRs from the 800th MP Brigade/320th MP Battalion
104. 205th MI Brigade SITREP to MG Miller, 12 December 2003
105. SGT William A. Cathcart, 372nd MP Company
106. 1LT Michael A. Drayton, Commander, 870th MP Company
--------------------------------------------------Footnote 1 Although the Taguba Report is marked Secret / No Foreign Dissemination, it has been widely distributed, and made available to the public worldwide since at least the week of May 2, 2004.


text:
Friday, July 29, 2011
Follow Friday Gems - 07-29-11
In the evening after dinner I kick back with Google Reader. How wonderful to relax with a tall glass of iced tea and friends from the geneablogging world.
Forget the newspaper and television! All they bring is stress, anger, and sadness. By far my favorite entertainment to end a long day is family history, great stories, and wonderful research advice. Thanks to everyone for making this week a delight!
Here are some great reads I'm sure you will enjoy.
Kathy Reed of Family Matters has an interesting tale about Six Degrees of Separation.
If you are a techy and enjoy stats read Site Engagement or Big Brother-ish Stalking? by Taneya Koonce of Taneya's Genealogy Blog. Learn about the benefits of accessing information about your blog visitors.
Wonderful resources and advice about The Transcription of a Will by Leslie Ann over at Ancestors Live Here.
James Tanner of Genealogy's Star has blogged with his observations attending the BYU Genealogy Conference. Each day he shares new and exiting information!
Marian Pierre-Louis of Marian's Roots & Rambles tells us that Google+ Hangouts are Fun!
If you enjoy Downtown Abbey you will love Two Nerdy History Girls by Loretta Chase and Susan Holloway Scott. The blog shares "gossip about history, writing, and yes, shoes". Favorite post this week was Jonathan Swift's Directions to Servants, 1731.
What a fun story Jennie of They Came To Montana gives us with Not So...Talented Tuesday...Joseph Marxer Drives A Car. A smile comes to my face days after reading about Joseph's adventure in a 1917 Studebaker.
Nancy of My Ancestors and Me shares Hearth - Tuesday's Tip. She explains how this website gives a glimpse into the lives of our ancestors. How they may have raised their children, bought food, and decorated their homes. What a great way to gain a better understanding of their day-to-day life.
Randy Seaver of Genea-musings has Tuesday's Tip-Check Leland's FamilySearch Collections Lists Often.
Guess what? Scanfest is Coming! Have lots of photographs to scan? Hang out with really great genealogy friends to make this task less of a chore and more of a party. Miriam of AnceStories: The Stories of My Ancestors has set the date & time: Sunday, July 31st, from 11 AM to 2 PM, Pacific Daylight Time. Hope to see you there.
The Cabinet Card Gallery posted a lovely photograph of a Pretty Lady With Excellent Fashion Sense in West Hoboken, New Jersey.
Great resources and a history lesson on French Genealogy, Part 1 & Part 2 by Nancy Hendrickson's Ancestor News.
Make sure to visit Wordless Wednesday: Betty Porter-Teacher Christmas Greeting from Yvette Porter Moore of Digging Roots: My Family History. Yvette's mother looks like the ideal teacher. What a lovely smile!
Do you remember paper dresses? Lidain of Kitchen Retro takes us down memory lane with her post The Psychedelic Pie Dress.
Lisa Wallen Logsdon of Old Stones Undeciphered brings an outrageous tale in Wedding Wednesday: Murder and Marriage. Those are two words you generally don't see placed together in a sentence!
A treat for the little ones in your life by Lorine McGinnis Schulze of Olive Tree Genealogy Blog. In the post Ancestor Stepping Stones: More Genealogy Fun With Children you will find step-by-step instructions to create a wonderful keepsake.
Have fun taking the 10 Signs You Have Genealogy OCD quiz from Michael John Neill of Rootdig.com. My score indicates I might be a wee bit obsessive. What is your number?
This week The Association of Graveyard Rabbits features an interview with Neil McNally of The Daily Deceased.
Remember tonight is another episode of GeneaBlogger Radio. Join in for Your Story Matters - Capturing Your Personal Family History. This week Thomas MacEntee welcomes Ian Kath founder Create Your Life Story; Zach Weiner of Storytree.me; and Amy Coffin of The We Tree Genealogy Blog. Times are 10pm EDT, 9pm CDT, 8pm MDT, and 7pm PDT.
Happy blogiversary to the following GeneaBloggers:
Nutfield Genealogy
Twigs of Yore: the blog
Newly discovered blogs:
Digging Roots: My Family History
A Family Tapestry
Lastly, thanks to everyone for their kind words on my "Don't Put All Your Eggs In One Basket" post. This girl is still walking on air with that amazing discovery!
Happy Follow Friday!
8 comments:
We obviously enjoy a lot of the same blogs, as I also read and agree with your assessment of many of those you chose to list. Thanks for mentioning my blog, too.
Thanks for the mention Deb! I have read most of those listed here but a few I missed so I'm heading off to read the rest...thanks again!ReplyDelete
Thanks for the mention. The story of Joseph in the Studebaker is one of my favorites too. Off to read the other stories you mentioned here.ReplyDelete
Deb, thanks for mentioning my blog. I certainly enjoyed visiting your site, and will be back for more!ReplyDelete
What a lovely long list of finds you have this week. I haven't been keeping up with my blog reading very well this week so I appreciate these recommendations. I'm headed off to read them. Thanks for including my post in your list. I appreciate it.ReplyDelete
You are welcome! Must thank all of you for writing interesting, funny, and touching posts. Makes my weekly geneablog reading a sheer joy!ReplyDelete
Thanks so much for the FF mention Deb! I am way behind on my reading so that's why I didn't holler at you sooner ;-)ReplyDelete
Thanks for mentioning my new GenWriter blog. Also, thanks for bringing the Family Matters blog back to my attention...when I switched readers, I must have missed adding that one...I recognized the title and blogger, but didn't have it on my list...I have several months of Kathy's blog posts to catch up on!ReplyDelete


text:
Medel agent in Cardiff to discuss Inter deal
Gary Medel's agent has revealed that he is in Cardiff in an attempt to finalise the midfielder's seemingly imminent switch to Inter.
The Chile international impressed at the World Cup and Inter have made no secret of their desire to lure him to San Siro from Cardiff City.
Cardiff only signed Medel in August last year, but he was unable to prevent the Welsh club being relegated from the Premier League.
An agreement for his transfer is yet to be reached, but Medel's representative Fernando Felicevich is now in the Welsh capital in the hopes of thrashing out a deal.
"We are on a mission in Cardiff and I can say that at this moment negotiations are ongoing," Felicevich told Gazzetta dello Sport.
"We are discussing the details of the affair."
Medel made 35 appearances in all competitions for Cardiff last season.


text:
Message Board
Diane Carey Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Carey has written!
Author Carey's Book Reviews
Best Destiny
This novel helps us to understand the teenage boy that would become the legendary captain. As the book opens, James T. Kirk prepares to retire from a long and illustrious Starfleet career. Events in a distant part of the Federation draw him back to a part of the galaxy he had last visited as a young man. At sixteen, Kirk is troubled, estranged from his father and has a bleak future. However, a trip into space with Kirk's father George and Sta...


text:
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|San Jose, Calif.
|High School:
AS A JUNIOR IN 2010: Played in 105 sets and averaged 4.71 dpg … collected 447 digs on the season as the starting libero … dug 25 balls against Fresno State and 25 more that same day against UC Riverside (Aug. 28) … registered 24 digs and five assists vs. Sacramento State (Sept. 1) and the next day racked up 28 digs against Idaho …had one service ace, 24 digs and five assists vs. Pacific (Sept. 4) … earned a season-high 33 digs and dished out five assists vs. No. 20 Dayton (Sept. 17) … handled four assists and 20 digs vs. Delaware (Sept. 19) … dug 22 balls, had one service ace and two assists at Gonzaga (Oct. 9) … four assists and 20 digs vs. San Francisco (Oct. 22) … dug 28 balls, had one service ace and six assists vs. Gonzaga (Nov. 4) … earned one kill, one assist and 25 digs vs. Portland (Nov. 6) … stepped in as left-side hitter at No. 18 San Diego (Nov. 11) … earned four kills and six digs vs. St. Mary's (Nov. 13).
AS A SOPHOMORE IN 2009: Played in 56 sets and registered 194 digs and four service aces ...passed nine balls vs. St. Francis (Sept. 26) ... registered 10 digs against University of San Francisco (Oct. 2) and eight digs vs. USD (Oct. 11) ... In consecutive matches tallied 20 digs respectively against Portland (Oct. 15) and Gonzaga (Oct. 17) ... delivered 18 digs vs. USF (Oct. 30) and 18 digs vs. Gonzaga (Nov. 12).
AS A FRESHMAN IN 2008: Made her first appearance as a Bronco against Texas Tech (Sept. 5), dishing out an ace ... collected three digs and served another ace against Texas State (Sept. 6)
AT PRESENTATION: A 2008 graduate of Presentation High School in San Jose ... swam, played basketball and volleyball ... played volleyball for Ryan Cooling and Steve Santonastaso ... team captain the past three years ... MVP her junior year ... 2004 all-WCAL ... 2005 and '06 first team WCAL ... second team all-CCS ... team won the bronze medal at JO's open division ... on honor society and active in the community.
PERSONAL: Daughter of Terry and Mary Ann O'Hara, both attorneys who graduated from Santa Clara with her dad playing football for the Broncos .... has three younger brothers: Tim, Jack and Patrick ... enjoys reading and swimming ... major is Psychology.


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LifeVest defibrillator saves life of local resident
A Borger resident is the first in the panhandle saved by a wearable defibrillator during his sleep.Shawn Fraley, 54, of Borger, was recently diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy. His physician Dr. Rajesh Nambiar was concerned he was at risk for sudden cardiac arrest. Instead of leaving him unprotected, he prescribed a LifeVest, a wearable defibrillator that patients wear under their clothes which monitors the heart 24 hours a day and seven days a week for Fraley.Two weeks after Fraley visited with Dr. Nambiar, he went into sudden cardiac arrest while he was sleeping at home. The LifeVest immediately detected the life-threatening heartbeat and delivered a shock that saved his life. His wife, who had seen the entire event, called 911 and Shawn was taken to the hospital by ambulance. "If I hadn't had the LifeVest on, there's no question about it, I wouldn't be here today," said Fraley.His biggest goal is to get better so that he can get back to the golf course to continue his favorite hobby.The LifeVest is for a range of patient conditions, such as before or after a heart attack, before or after bypass surgery or stent placement, as well as cardiomyopathy or congestive heart failure, that put patients at risk. The LifeVest is prescribed to more than 60,000 patients in the U.S.For more information about the LifeVest, visit www.zoll.com.


text:
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Saturdays are tough for me, but I would like to go if possible Still have my winter treads on, haven't gotten new summer tires yet. Been busy at work and around the house 8O
10am works for me...Pat...do you have a huge Pot? if we do ribs, I would need to boil them for at least 3-4 hours. But it is much easier to do ribs at my place...just let me know.
I may have to leave a little early to go to the Olympics though...Drinking Olympics, that is...A prior party committment. Everyone is invited if you are interested...let me know.
How many racks should I get...I got 3 last time...seems like we will have more people there...maybe 6 racks? Pat...how big is your grill?
OK I will be coming up from the springs for this drive......but someone is going to have to give me directions to the starting point as i do not, at this time, know my way around denver yet.....thanks~mikePSi will be bringing corona...but what kind of food do yall not have for the grubbin after?
sure i can do that.....i ll get directions to your house from mapquest drop off the refreshments and we can convoy to the meeting spot.....be there around 9:30-9:45 am...is that cool?~Mike
i can cook some deutsche heißkartoffelsalat.....or... gloße u. soße (german hot potaoe salad or bread stuffed potato dumplings with sauce)let me know what you think......also i think i will bring hefe weissen instead of corona.....if that is ok w/ yall...
Sounds good! I can boil some brats if anyone is interested, let me know...
Quote from: "ColoradoB5"Sounds good! I can boil some brats if anyone is interested, let me know...That sounds good Dub...those were awesome at the DZ thing
You got my vote. I'll take care of the desert.
Quote from: "Denver Pat"You got my vote. I'll take care of the desert.What about the apple pie thing I mentioned on Saturday...you still want me to get one of those?...or leave it all up to you?


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By A.J. von Massenhausen '14
While most freshmen on the men's water polo team redshirt their first year to acclimate to the more physical collegiate game, Kyle Surber (KS) has stepped right in and made his presence felt on the Bronco squad. The East Bay Area native from Amador High School in Pleasanton has made an immediate impact, putting up 13 goals, 7 assists, 10 steals, and an impressive 12 kick outs drawn so far in the season. SantaClaraBroncos.com (SCB) got a chance to catch up with Surber and discuss his early success, the team's unique brotherhood, and the upcoming Rodeo Invitational.
(SCB): How have you been able to adjust so well to the college game?
(KS): Over the summer, I was fortunate enough to have lived close enough to Santa Clara to practice with the team. The few months that I had over the summer allowed me to adjust to the style of play at the college level.
(SCB): Can you speak to the leadership of the veterans on the team? What kind of standard have they set for you in terms of having a solid work ethic?
(KS): The team as a whole has set high expectations for everything that we do. They expect everyone to work as hard as they can at all times because they know that it will pay off.
(SCB): As a team, you guys have tremendous chemistry. How has the squad been able to establish such a strong connection?
(KS): Ever since the start of our season, everyone has been very welcoming to us incoming freshmen. If we make a mistake during practice, they take the time to explain what we have done wrong, instead of just getting frustrated and giving up. Also out of the pool, they are very inclusive in the activities that they are participating in, making it very easy to feel welcome as a Santa Clara water polo player.
(SCB): What is your favorite down time activity when you're relaxing away from the pool?
(KS): My favorite down time activity is just hanging out with the team and other students at Santa Clara.
(SCB): As a freshman who has had such early success, have you set any personal goals you strive to accomplish throughout your playing career?
(KS): My biggest goal is to continuously try to improve in every aspect of the game. I want to get to the point where I make limited to no mistakes on defense, always make the correct pass, take the right shots, and am fundamentally sound in overall gameplay.
(SCB): Tell us why the average Santa Clara student should come out and support the Broncos during the Rodeo Invitational this weekend.
(KS): Students should come out and support us at our Invitational because the games are exciting and intense, fast pace, and relatively short. Also we are trying to sweep the tournament, and that will make for an exciting time for the spectators. If you can only make one game, try to make it to the Air Force game, because we have already lost once to them and are looking for sweet revenge.


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Message Board
Peter Steiner Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Steiner has written!
Author Steiner's Book Reviews
A French Country Murder
Dunne, Mar 2003, 23.95, 256 pp. ISBN: 0312306873 Sixtyish American expatriate Louis Morgan lives in Saint Leon, France estranged from the government he once toiled for and the family he never had time for because of his top secret State Department work. Louis follows the same routines every morning carrying his breakfast out to the terrace only this day he is greeted by the corpse of a black man. He calls Gendarme Renard who immediately begins...