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The U.S. Department of Justice sued Florida on Tuesday to stop it from trying to remove noncitizens from its voter registration rolls.
The department says the way the state is going about doing this violates federal law. Florida says it's partly the federal government's fault for not sharing citizenship data with the state.
It's all part of the escalating battle between the Obama administration and Republican-led states over voting laws.
Earlier this year, Florida compared its voter registration lists against state driver's license records to see if there were any noncitizens illegally registered to vote. Officials say they found about 180,000 suspicious names. Local election officials sent letters to an initial list of about 2,600, asking them to verify their citizenship or be removed from the rolls.
But it quickly became clear that many of the people on the list were citizens, and that the motor vehicle data were inaccurate.
(NPR's Greg Allen reported on one World War II veteran, born in Brooklyn, N.Y., and living in Florida's Broward County, who says he was "flabbergasted" to get one of those letters.)
In its suit, the Department of Justice says what Florida is doing violates the National Voter Registration Act — also known as the motor voter law. That law prohibits the removal of voters from the rolls within 90 days of an election. Florida is holding a primary Aug. 14.
But this wasn't the first lawsuit. On Monday, Florida filed a suit of its own, accusing the federal government of violating the law by not sharing a citizenship database with the state to use in the registration roll cleanup. State officials say they've been asking the Department of Homeland Security since last year to share the database, but have had no luck.
Federal officials say they have told Florida repeatedly that the DHS database isn't set up to be compared against voter records. And that it can't be used unless the state provides more information about specific voters, such as their alien registration numbers, which the state has not done.
That aside, Florida has defended its efforts to clean up the registration rolls. Republican Gov. Rick Scott says the state has an obligation to make sure that ineligible voters don't cast ballots. State officials say they've already removed about 100 noncitizens from the rolls and that they have evidence about half of them voted in the past.
Rick Hasen, a professor at the University of California, Irvine's School of Law, says illegal voting by noncitizens does occur, but it's not widespread. He says it's often the result of confusion by noncitizens who think they're allowed to vote.
Around the country, Republicans have generally pushed for more restrictive voting laws over the past two years, saying that they're needed to protect legitimate voters and prevent fraud.
But Democrats say the restrictions are a thinly veiled effort to intimidate voters, such as minorities, who are likely to vote Democratic. A suit filed last week by the American Civil Liberties Union in Florida says that the latest purge effort disproportionately targets Hispanics.
For now, the Florida purge is in something of a limbo. Local election officials have refused to continue sending out letters to voters, because of all the questions raised.
This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Melissa Block.
And I'm Audie Cornish.
The U.S. Department of Justice has filed suit against the state of Florida. The reason: to stop the state from trying to remove non-citizens from its voter registration rolls. The Justice Department is not opposed to the idea of a voter roll cleanup, but says the way Florida is doing it violates federal law. In response, Florida officials say the federal government is partly to blame for not sharing citizenship data with the state.
We're joined now by NPR's Pam Fessler, to help sort things out. And, Pam, to start, what's the back-story here behind the DOJ suit?
PAM FESSLER, BYLINE: Well, earlier this year, Florida decided that it would compare its voter registration list against state driver's license records, to see if there were any non-citizens illegally registered to vote. Officials say they found about 180,000 suspicious names. Local election officials then sent letters out to an initial list of about 2,600 voters, asking them to either verify their citizenship or be removed from the voter rolls. But it quickly became clear that many of these people were in fact citizens and that the motor vehicle information was inaccurate.
So, the Justice Department has said that what Florida has done is in violation of the National Voter Registration Act, which is also known as the Motor Voter Law. And that law prohibits states or local officials from removing voters from the rolls within 90 days of an election. And Florida is holding a primary August 14th.
CORNISH: So what's the response from Florida state officials?
FESSLER: Well, in part...
FESSLER: ...the state is blaming the federal government. It says one of the reasons this is all happening so close to the election is that the state has been asking the Department of Homeland Security since last year to share a database it has of non-citizens, and that DHS has refused. So yesterday, Florida filed a lawsuit against DHS, claiming that the agency is illegally withholding this information.
Now, federal officials deny that they're not doing anything illegal and say that they've explained repeatedly to Florida that this database really can't be used very effectively to clean voter rolls. They say that unless the state can provide more information about a voter, such as their alien registration number, it's completely ineffective and the state hasn't done that.
That aside, Florida is defending its efforts to clean up the rolls. The Republican governor, Rick Scott, says the state has an obligation to protect the integrity of the voting process and to make sure that ineligible voters don't cast ballots. And it said that, in fact, the state's already found a hundred noncitizens on the rolls, and that they have evidence that about half of them have actually voted.
CORNISH: So, Pam, this looks pretty messy so close to the election. What happens next?
FESSLER: Well, DOJ is asking the court to issue an injunction to stop Florida from pursuing the purge. Although, local election officials have already refused to send out any more letters to voters because of all these questions that have been raised. And as you're probably well aware, this is really part of a much bigger political battle that's going on around the country over voting laws. Republicans have generally been pushing for more restrictions in the state, saying that they're trying to protect legitimate voters. But Democrats say that it's really just a thinly veiled effort to intimidate voters, such as minorities who are likely to vote Democratic.
CORNISH: NPR's Pam Fessler. Pam, thank you.
FESSLER: Thank you. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Even though their key charges have been refuted _ some by their own members _ House Republicans announced Friday they'll seek to form a select committee to investigate the 2012 terrorist attacks on the U.S. mission and CIA annex in Benghazi, Libya, trying anew to reap political gains in advance of this year's congressional elections and the 2016 presidential contest.
House Speaker John Boehner's call for a special panel coupled with House Oversight and Government Reform Committee Chairman Darrell Issa's subpoena compelling Secretary of State John Kerry to testify about the attacks signals a new and more aggressive phase of Republican attempts to blame the Obama administration for the deaths of U.S. Ambassador Christopher Stevens and three other Americans.
The double-barreled moves will keep a spotlight on Benghazi _ an issue that revs up the Republican and conservative base _ in the midst of a congressional election year and ahead of the 2016 presidential contest in which former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is a potential Democratic candidate. She oversaw the State Department when the assaults occurred on Sept. 11, 2012.
"You create a special committee if you want a bigger spotlight on a subject, which is more 2014-, 2016-related," said Norman Ornstein, a resident political scholar at the center-right American Enterprise Institute. "With Benghazi, while it's true he (Issa) is bringing in Kerry, most of the focus is on Clinton."
Many of the original charges that blamed the White House for the deaths have never held up. But Republicans ramped up their efforts this week with the emergence of new emails that they have labeled a "smoking gun."
"Americans learned this week that the Obama administration is so intent on obstructing the truth about Benghazi that it is even willing to defy subpoenas issued by the standing committees of the People's House," Boehner, R-Ohio, said in a statement. "In light of these new developments, the House will vote to establish a new select committee to investigate the attack, provide the necessary accountability, and ensure justice is finally served."
No lawmakers were named to the select committee Friday, but Rep. Trey Gowdy, R-S.C., a former federal prosecutor, is reportedly being considered by House Republican leaders to chair the panel.
"Trey Gowdy is the person most qualified to lead this investigation," said Rep. Jeff Duncan, R-S.C.
Congressional Democrats and State Department officials denounced the move. House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi's office noted that Boehner had previously shunned the idea of a select committee.
"I see no reason to break up all the work that's been done and to take months and months to create some select committee," Boehner said last month on Fox News.
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., accused Republicans of "trying to rekindle debunked right-wing conspiracy theories" as part of their election strategy.
At the State Department, officials expressed surprise and dismay about Issa's subpoena. Issa, R-Calif., wants Kerry to testify on May 21, a date the secretary is scheduled to be in Mexico.
"And we are surprised in the first instance, they resorted to a subpoena given we've been cooperating all along with the committee and did not reach out (to the State Department) before they did so," State Department spokeswoman Marie Harf said.
Issa's subpoena came a day after retired Air Force Brig. Gen. Robert Lovell, who was on duty in Germany during the Benghazi attack, told Issa's committee that U.S. military personnel knew the assault on the U.S. facilities was a "hostile action" and not a protest gone wrong, as the White House initially said.
Lovell said that as the attack raged on, military command held discussions "that churned on about what we should do." He testified that the command was "waiting for a request for assistance from the State Department."
But a leading Republican voice on military issues, House Armed Services Committee Chairman Howard "Buck" McKeon of California, quickly undercut Lovell's claims. Breaking with other members of his party, McKeon issued a statement calling Lovell an unreliable witness.
"BG Lovell did not serve in a capacity that gave him reliable insight into operational options available to commanders during the attack, nor did he offer specific courses of action not taken," McKeon said in a statement. "The Armed Services Committee has interviewed more than a dozen witnesses in the operational chain of command that night, yielding thousands of pages of transcripts, emails and other documents. We have no evidence that Department of State officials delayed the decision to deploy what few resources (Department of Defense) had available to respond."
Since opening its probe in October 2012, Issa's committee has produced no proof of the key Republican charges that the White House failed to adequately respond to the attacks and purposely misled the nation about what happened in order to safeguard Obama's campaign for a second term, which he in part based on his record fighting terrorism.
Republicans focused on assertions made by National Security Adviser Susan Rice, then the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, on five Sunday talks shows five days after the assaults. She said that the attacks grew out of a spontaneous protest triggered by a demonstration at the U.S. Embassy in Cairo against an anti-Islam online video.
She downplayed suggestions that the Benghazi assaults were pre-planned attacks by Islamic radicals, as assessed by the U.S. military and American personnel in Libya and as reported that day by McClatchy. The administration would later conclude the same.
But internal administration emails released in May 2013 showed that it was the CIA's Office of Terrorism Assessment – not the White House – that wrote a talking point given to Rice and members of Congress that said the assaults stemmed from a demonstration sparked by protests in Cairo against the video.
"We believe that based on currently available information that the attacks in Benghazi were spontaneously inspired by the protests at the U.S. Embassy in Cairo and evolved into a direct assault against the U.S. Consulate and subsequently its (CIA) annex," the talking point said.
A final version of that talking point, edited by then-Deputy CIA Director Michael Morell, was virtually identical to the original, the emails showed.
Issa and other Republicans this week revived their charge that the administration sought to hide the true nature of the assault after a conservative watchdog group, Judicial Watch, released a Sept. 14, 2012, email from Deputy National Security Adviser Ben Rhodes that it obtained in a Freedom of Information lawsuit.
In the email, Rhodes advised Rice to "underscore that these protests are rooted in an Internet video, and not a broader policy statement."
The time on the email – 8:09 p.m. – shows that the White House had received the original CIA talking point five hours earlier.
The White House on Wednesday also insisted that Rhodes' email concerned Arab Spring unrest gripping the Middle East.
Republicans also contended that the administration failed to dispatch U.S. special forces or other military assets to repulse the attacks.
But a February 2014 report by the Republican majority of the House Armed Services Committee determined that U.S. military commanders lacked a clear picture of what was transpiring in Benghazi and that there were no U.S. military units that could have reached the scene in time.
"Majority members have not yet discerned any response alternatives that could have likely changed the outcome of the Benghazi attack," said the report.
Issa and other Republicans sought to revive the question of a military reaction after Lovell testified Thursday. But then McKeon issued his statement rejecting Lovell's assertions.
A December 2012 independent review board report sustained Republican charges that security at the U.S. facilities in Benghazi and at the U.S. Embassy in Tripoli, the Libyan capital, was inadequate given the threat from Islamist militias that overthrew the late dictator Moammar Gadhafi. It also found that repeated requests for stronger security by Stevens and other officials were denied.
The board blamed senior managers in two State Department bureaus for the insufficient security, but it didn't hold any individuals accountable.
Issa sought to hold Clinton responsible, pointing to her signature on an April 2012 cable denying an embassy request for additional security.
However, all State Department cables routinely bear the secretary of state's signature. Moreover, the accountability board backed up Clinton's assertion that the security of the facilities in Libya never rose to her level.
James Rosen of the Washington Bureau contributed

subset: commoncrawl


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John Bucher, 69
John C. Bucher, 69, of Columbia City died at 7:08 a.m. Friday, Oct. 5, 2012, at Miller's Merry Manor, Columbia City, where he had been a resident for the past week and a half.He was born June 22, 1943, in Rochester, a son of Daniel M. and Barbara J. (Ferverda) Bucher. His formative years were spent in Silver Lake. He graduated from Silver Lake High School.On Sept. 2, 1962, he was united in marriage to Karen S. Heckaman. They made there home at Diamond Lake and later Roann before moving to Whitley County where they have resided for the past 44 years.John spent his work career with the telephone company now known as Centurylink. He was a service and repair technician with 40 years of service. He retired in 2006.His memberships included Columbia City United Methodist Church and the Gideon's. He enjoyed his semi-annual fishing trips with his wife and good friends.Surviving relatives include his wife of 50 years, Karen; two daughters, Monica (Todd) Bouck of Woodsboro, Tx. and Ann (Scott) Hill of Columbia City; a son, Daniel (Anita) Bucher of South Whitley; six grandchildren, Andy Bouck, Tommie Ann Green, Toni Bouck, Cody Bucher, Brett Hill and Joe Hill; four great-grandchildren; two brothers, Bill (Jacki) Bucher of North Manchester and Jerry (Janice) Bucher of Michigan; two sisters, Judy (Kent) French of Silver Lake and Roberta (Jim) Estes and a stepmother, Betty Scott of Akron.The funeral service will be held at 10:30 a.m. Monday at the Columbia City United Methodist Church, 605 Forest Parkway, Columbia City. Visitation will be from 2 to 5 p.m. Sunday at Smith and Sons Funeral Home, Columbia City and one hour prior to the service at the church.Preferred memorials are to the Columbia City United Methodist Church or the church's Helpline.Condolences may be sent to www.smithandsonsfuneralhome.com.


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Auction marketing of burley tobacco has at least one more season to go. With a start tentatively set for mid-November, a loose coalition of grower and warehousing groups has moved boldly to give farmers who don't have or don't want a contract with a manufacturer, an opportunity to bring their leaf to the free market.
Growers in the "southern" burley states of Tennessee, Virginia and North Carolina will have the chance to sell at auctions in Asheville N.C., Greeneville Tenn., Fayetteville, Tenn., Carthage, Tenn., and Abingdon, Va. One warehouse will operate in each of those towns except Asheville, where two will have sales.
Growers in the other burley states will get the opportunity to market their leaf in warehouses in the Kentucky towns of Danville, Harrodsburg, Lexington, Maysville, Mount Sterling and Somerset.
Burley Stabilization Corporation of Knoxville, Tenn., the grower cooperative that serves growers in those three states, organized the southern auction effort. The Burley Marketing Association, which represents warehousemen, with advice from the Kentucky cooperative, has put the northern effort together, but has no direct participation.
There are differences between the Kentucky and the Tennessee/Virginia/North Carolina programs, but they will share several basic characteristics, the main one being no price support.
"No tobacco will be taken under consignment," says Charlie Finch, managing director of the cooperative in Knoxville. "Any leaf unsold at the end of the auction will have to be taken back. But we will work with the farmer to get a buyer for all his tobacco. I don't think we will have much that doesn't get sold. But it will only bring what the market is willing to pay for it. It will be as farmer friendly as we can possibly make it."
This initiative provides a marketing alternative for those farmers not producing under a private marketing contract and also for farmers with a tobacco crop that was grown, but not purchased, under a contract, he adds.
The Kentucky warehousemen have been a bit more proactive, in some cases giving advances to farmers to insure that they deliver their leaf. But here too there will be no price support, and the auction will operate as a free market.
The reaction from the trade to the auctions has been very favorable, says Finch. "The leaf dealers have been especially interested. They like the fact that the auctions will offer them some selectivity."
But there is no guarantee that they will show up on opening day.
"We don't know what buyers, if any, will follow the sales," says Danny McKinney, chief executive officer of the Lexington cooperative. "My thought is that sound tobacco of good quality will sell, probably for a good price. But leaf that the manufacturers don't want — like the bottom leaves — may not attract a buyer, or it may get a very low bid."
Everyone involved in these programs is taking some degree of risk.
"It's an evolving market," says Donna C. Graves, executive director of the Burley Marketing Association. "There's a lot of uncertainty out there."
In 2004, says McKinney, with the program still in effect, the two cooperatives got about 80 percent of the leaf that was sold without a contract. "If only 20 percent of the leaf brought to the warehouses is sold this year, that will be a problem."
But George Marks, a grower near Clarksville Tenn., and president of the Knoxville cooperative, is optimistic about this season, in part because there appears to be no surplus of burley in the world at the moment.
"I feel like the tobacco that is brought to warehouses will get a bid," he says. "We need to take a bid if we get it. The cooperative is not going to pack tobacco in a box and try to sell it later."
But the Lexington cooperative may move in that direction in 2006. If the demand situation warrants, the co-op might build its own receiving station and sign contracts with farmers to deliver tobacco to it, says McKinney.
"We believe we will have orders from China, and that is a country which likes to buy direct from grower cooperatives. Also, we are hearing that some small leaf dealers just can't afford to contract directly with farmers because they can't use the whole stalk. We could do a good job serving people like these."
But the co-op was short on funds after 2004 and decided to take a wait-and-see approach.
The burley warehouses are following in the footsteps of 11 flue-cured markets that began operating in mid-August. Those warehouses are operated by the flue-cured growers cooperative in Raleigh, N.C.
There are reportedly plans to operate one auction warehouse in Hughesville, Md., to market Type-32 Southern Maryland tobacco grown in Maryland and Pennsylvania. This warehouse, which is commercially operated, was the only one serving this type in 2004. It is not known whether it will accept burley that was grown in small quantities in these states this season.


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Bride-to-be says "I do" to her dream dress thanks to I Will competition
AN EXCITED bride-to-be was able to say yes to her dream wedding dress after winning an I Will Wedding Fair competition.
Lauren Hirons, from Alvechurch, said she still could not believe she had won her choice of stunning wedding dress from The Bridal Boutique, Lowesmoor, Worcester after entering the free prize draw at the spring fair.
The 29-year-old has picked out a stunning gown but is keeping it under wraps until her wedding to Leon Southern on April 25, 2015.
The couple will tie the knot at Malvern Registry Office, Great Malvern and enjoy a reception at the Mount Pleasant Hotel in Malvern
Miss Hirons, who works at Severn Trent as a technical assistant, said: "It was a lot more than I was planning on spending on my dress so it was really nice not having to worry about that aspect.
Image: bridesmaid dresses sydney
"I still can't believe it and I probably won't believe it until I am wearing it on our wedding day.
"The ladies at The Bridal Boutique were really helpful and down to earth. I had some ideas about what kind of dress I wanted beforehand but I was happy to be open-minded and try on new things.
"Winning the competition has made looking for a dress a lot more enjoyable – it has been a really nice experience."
She said the dress she opted for "ticked all the boxes" and was excited to wear it.
Miss Hirons and Mr Southern met at a leaving party for a mutual friend who was emigrating to Australia.
"I met my future husband and my best friend left the country in the same week – it was a bit of an emotional rollercoaster."
The pair clicked instantly over a shared love of cycling and walking and soon began dating.
After a year together, Leon surprised her with a beautiful, specially-designed, sapphire engagement ring at the top of Mount Snowden in June 2013.
Taking inspiration from their shared hobby, the big day will also be themed around cycling.
Personal touches will include a tandem design on their stationery and their wedding cake will be topped with a bride and groom sitting astride a tandem.
Read more: SheinDressAU bridesmaid dresses


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Madison, Wisconsin – Semex's Genetics for Life™ is about genetic solutions, our commitment to research & development, developing long-lasting, profitable herds and lifelong partnerships.
Since 2006, Semex has been showing dairymen at the world's international dairy meeting place, World Dairy Expo (WDE), exactly what Genetics for Life looks like.
Once again this year, Semex invites dairymen to see daughters of the industry's most talked about sires on display at the Semex Tent located on the grounds near the Coliseum. This year's display offers a diverse sire lineup that represents some of the world's most profitable, indemand
Jersey and Holstein sires available anywhere:
• 0200HO05929 GEN-I-BEQ BRAWLER (HealthSmart™ sire)
• 0200HO03648 DOMICOLE CHELIOS (Genomax™, Repromax™, HealthSmart and Calving Ease™ sire)
• 0200HO05592 CRACKHOLM FEVER (Repromax, HealthSmart, Robot Ready™ and Show Time™ sire)
• 0200HO05567 R-E-W SEAVER (Repromax, HealthSmart and Show Time sire)
• 0200HO02137 PINE-TREE SID (Repromax and Show Time sire)
• 0200HO03501 GILLETTE WINDBROOK (Show Time sire)
• 0200JE00338 SR NATHAN PRO-P (HealthSmart and Polled™ sire)
• 0200JE00060 BW RENEGADE (Repromax and HealthSmart sire)
These sires represent some of the most profitable and popular sires in the Holstein and Jersey breeds today. WDE Visitors are welcome to inspect these daughters themselves and to find out more about Genetics for Life and what it means on their dairy and at Semex!
Semex is a proud, three star sponsor of WDE and looks forward to visiting with dairymen at its tent location and also in the Exhibition Hall at booth EH 2608-2709.
For more information on Semex, Genetics for Life or any of Semex's brands visit www.semex.com


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It's been nine months since I wrote the original Ultimate Guide to the Facebook Edgerank Algorithm. I was amazed to see the reaction to the piece.
It clearly seemed to strike a chord as it went on to be the most popular guest post on Econsultancy in 2012.
But a lot has changed since then in the world of Facebook. As I'm currently putting together a presentation for the upcoming Econsultancy Digital Shorts event in Manchester on Edgerank and other social algorithms, now seemed the perfect time to revisit the piece to update and expand it.
What is EdgeRank?
EdgeRank is one of the most important algorithms in marketing. Despite this, very few people have heard of it and fewer still can claim that they fully understand it.
EdgeRank is the name of the algorithm which Facebook uses to determine what appears in their users' news feeds. The news feed is Facebook's 'Killer App'. There is a plethora of information available to Facebook users, and the newsfeed is the order in which it appears.
It determines not only which of your connections is the most important to you, meaning their content appears most frequently, but also which kinds of content should appear higher than others.
For anyone seeking to market a product or service on Facebook it's essential you understand how this algorithm works.
Understanding the rules of the algorithm and changing your tactics to reflect the system can make the difference between a business changing campaign and an embarrassing failure. Yet despite its importance very little has been written about the algorithm.
Unlike many of the algorithms that are changing marketing, Edgerank is actually not that sophisticated, but don't let its relative simplicity make you underestimate the influence knowledge of the subject will have on your tactical choices.
Its importance is even more significant in that it is a precursor to many newer social algorithms like Google+ or Twitter's Top Tweets. By successfully understanding how Facebook aggregate, sort and prioritise social content we can better anticipate how other alternatives might develop.
Additionally, as social signals become part of the SEO landscape, understanding how Facebook deal with social signals is hugely helpful in grasping where natural search algo's might be heading.
Why Edgerank?
Let's start off with the name. Other than because it sounds cool, why is the News Feed algo known as EdgeRank? This is because every piece of content or interaction of Facebook is known as an "edge".
So, a status update is an edge; liking a status update, that's an edge; uploading a photo, that's an edge, too; or a change in relationship status? That's also an edge.
Basically, every interaction you have with Facebook that creates a piece of content is known as an Edge. Even listening to a song on Spotify or reading an article from the Guardian have become Edges with Facebook's frictionless sharing.
So, the newsfeed isn't really a feed of news. Instead, it's a chart of the most 'important' Edges as determined by the EdgeRank Algorithm. What are the elements that make this algorithm?
A combination of three factors: Affinity, Edge Weight and Recency.
The EdgeRank formula is based on these three elements. While this does make the algo seem simple, there's actually a huge amount of complexity behind these three factors.
Affinity is a score based on the proximity to or how "friendly" you are with someone. You've probably seen this in action. Spy on an ex-boyfriend or girlfriend, snoop on their profile and suddenly they're in your news feed all the time.
Comment on someone's photos and you'll find them appearing in your feed more often. This is affinity in action.
You've sent a proactive signal that you have a 'close-ness' to that individual or organisation. The algorithm acknowledges this and begins to order the results in your newsfeed accordingly.
Some people aren't wholly supportive of Affinity having such a significant role in EdgeRank. The concern is that it becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy, i.e. the more often someone appears in your news feed, the more likely you are to increase your affinity, which in turn increases the likelihood of them appearing in your feed in the future and so on.
But given how people tend to cluster around only a small number of their connections, it seems to work well for most people on Facebook.
One of the most important things you need to realise about affinity as a marketer is that affinity is one-way. This means you visiting a forgotten friend's profile doesn't increase the likelihood of you appearing in their newsfeed.
I'm sure for nosey people that is great news. It is less likely to be considered good news for company profiles. For example, if you visit a profile of someone following you, it will have no impact on your Edges appearing in their feed. However, you commenting on a photo of theirs which then triggers them to comment back would lead to them having a greater affinity to you.
As an individual, if you'd like an indication of who you have the highest affinity to, look in your chat bar. The people who appear (even if they are offline) are often those you have the most proximity to on Facebook.
Edge Weight
Edge Weight is a basic formula which decides that certain pieces of content are more likely to appear in news feeds than others. Photos are more important than someone "liking" a business profile, etc.
There's no definitive sequence of Edge Weight, but there are certain objects which acquire more EdgeRank than others. This can imply that they tend to have a higher Edge Weight than other types of content.
The three types of content which are widely understood to have the highest Edge Weight are Videos, Photos, and Links.
Knowing that these have the heaviest weighting should alter the way you communicate using Facebook. You should try and incorporate objects with high weight scores into any announcements that you want to reach as many of your followers as possible.
It's also worth noting that each person's Edge Weight is different, i.e. someone who likes browsing photographs is more likely to have them in their feed than someone who isn't as keen on them.
It's not possible to understand which types of objects each of your followers favour, but this should at least deter you from the temptation of adding photos to every status update.
On the one hand, adding one type of 'Edge' will seem like a sensible strategy as it will have a high Edge Weight. On the other hand, for the people who don't often click on photos you might have more success with a link, a video or an old fashioned text status update.
It's also worth noting potential political elements to Edge Weight. At any point in time there will be certain features which Facebook will want to strategically push.
Is it that far-fetched to assume that given Facebook's desire to own image sharing that they might turn up the weight of Facebook photos rather than an image shared as a link to another site?
You should recognise what Facebook are trying to promote, as it's likely to influence the EdgeRank algo.
Another aspect of this is that weight can accumulate, i.e. lots of likes or comments will increase the weight of the original Edge. This is why anything which encourages debate or comment quickly will more likely appear in newsfeeds.
So, clearly variety is important, but understanding the relative weights of different types of object will help you increase the potential audiences of any message you're trying to get across on Facebook.
The techniques you choose to increase the accumulation of weight can have a huge impact on the reach of your content.
The final element of the EdgeRank is related to recency, which is actually known as time decay. Facebook is still very reliant on the temporal nature of content, which is again pretty self-evident.
Put simply, recency is that something newer is more likely to appear than something older.
For example, regardless of how much the EdgeRank is based on Affinity and Weight, if it's old news it becomes less likely to appear. This is different to Twitter which relies only on chronological order.
The implication of this being that you should create objects and edges at the points in time when your audience are most likely to be using Facebook. This decreases the time decay and therefore increases the chance of your content reaching their news feed.
There is also another potential consequence of understanding the time decay factor. When appearing in the news feed you have exceeded the EdgeRank of other items. You might then increase the exposure by creating content when other people are less likely to be creating content, therefore reducing the competition for spots in the news feed.
Things you can do to increase your EdgeRank
Now if you're a regular user of Facebook, many of these ideas behind EdgeRank are obvious, but with a good appreciation and understanding of how EdgeRank works you will begin to make more intelligent decisions in your Facebook marketing campaign.
The creativity of big campaigns is important. However, from my experience of Facebook Marketing, while it's these huge efforts that always draw the attention and become the focus of case studies, it's actually those lower profile campaigns which are built on constant interaction with their fans that really deliver the most value.
Whether you're managing a campaign to make a big splash or a constant drip, there are plenty of takeaways from understanding more about more about how Edgerank works.
For example if you have an important launch coming up and you really want that content to appear in as many of your fans' news feeds as possible, what can you do to increase the likelihood of it appearing?
First of all, you want to do all you can to increase the affinity between your followers and you ahead of the announcement. Perhaps you could start a debate on one of your status updates which lots of your followers contribute to.
Not only will the number of comments increase the likelihood of that particular item appearing in the newsfeed, but also anyone who has made a contribution will have increased their affinity to you.
Don't be afraid to ask for the contribution! Buddy Media has found that using questioning words like Where, When, Why and Would have a dramatic influence on likes and comments, and as these likes and comments increase affinity, this has a positive influence on the reach of any future messages.
So, in the run up to your important announcement, plan a series of updates which have the purpose of trying to increase the affinity between your profile and your followers.
Tease the update, ask questions, say something divisive, etc. You need a plan to increase the affinity of as many of your followers as possible.
This should be an on-going plan as affinity is something that will decrease over time, and generally speaking, you want as many of your updates to appear in front of as many of the right people as possible.
Since we also know that in general, photos tend to appear in news feeds more frequently than normal status updates, perhaps you ought to accompany the release with a series of photographs. Videos and Links also have a higher than average weighting so should also be part of your posting plans.
So, media and assets need to be part of your Facebook strategy. You need to develop a content and asset strategy and a schedule for them.
This can be comprehensive or flexible but thinking about what you can do to create updates with higher weight will enable you to interact with a bigger audience. Also, the fact that this type of content is also far more likely to be shared is an added bonus.
If you also know that the more recent your update is, the more likely it is to appear in news feeds, it should have an impact on when your announcement is made to ensure it coincides with your followers logging into their accounts. Explore when you get the most interaction on your posts and try and coincide future updates.
One of the biggest problems I have with most Facebook marketing campaigns is that they look to the number of likes a Facebook Page has the main measure of success.
Although it is very easy to measure, EdgeRank educates us that just because someone 'Likes' an account doesn't mean it will appear in the followers' news feeds.
This means if you want your messages and conversations to reach your potential customers, you will find a smaller but more engaged audience may lead to more appearances in the feed than a larger but less engaged audience.
Edgerank in 2012
I've been very pleased to see the rise in understanding in EdgeRank over the last year. One of the people who can take the credit for that rise is Chad Wittman and the team at EdgeRank Checker.
But I do have a note of caution related to their tool. While I have no doubt that the people behind the tool completely grasps the algo, I think the tool struggles to assess one of the most important aspects of EdgeRank: Affinity.
The most important thing to understand about EdgeRank is that it is based upon an individual user and an Edge, and this can't, nor shouldn't, be aggregated.
The tool does not and cannot report of what affinity your fans have to you; only what interactions they've had in the past. Affinity is personal too, and therefore very difficult to amalgamate across a whole audience.
It does provide some interesting insights into weight and some actionable insights into decay but inevitably is a little reductive on affinity.
It can be a useful tool to help you improve your EdgeRank but can't, in my opinion, help you numerically report on your EdgeRank, which I fear what some people may be using it for despite the great intentions of those behind the tool.
The Ticker
One of the changes which has the potential ability to disrupt the newsfeed and therefore EdgeRank was the ticker. Which initially promised to introduce a real time feed of what your friends were doing on Facebook, in effect ignoring affinity and weight, in actuality that doesn't seem to be the case.
There does appear to be some algorithmic filtering taking place on the Ticker.
I'm not aware of anyone from Facebook having gone on the record about what influences what appears in the ticker, but my gut feel it's merely a modified version of the EdgeRank algo which concentrates far more on decay and weight at the expense of affinity.
For example it really seems to highlight apps built upon Facebook's frictionless sharing like Spotify.
How do they decide the relative weight?
I think we need to think about Facebook's strategic objectives: the ticker probably favours Edges which they want to highlight, e.g new functionality, partners they want to drive traffic to, etc.
Explicit statements of Affinity
The introduction of friend groupings that mimic Google+ Circles also has potential ramifications for EdgeRank. In the past affinity was implicit based on usage, e.g. you want you know about the people FB knows you interact with.
Now there is the potential for explicit feedback from users about who they want to hear from, which has got to have an impact.
However, most of us reading this post are interested in how we can make sure the ways our companies and clients use of Facebook are the most effective; our company pages can't be added to friend lists, (but can to interest groups) so probably won't have a huge impact beyond potentially favouring people over pages.
What About TimeLine?
Without question, the introduction of TimeLines is one of the biggest shifts in how Facebook operates since the introduction of the newsfeed. However in principle, it shouldn't have an impact on what appears in the newsfeed other than in two indirect ways.
First, it has the potential to alter the way in which people interact with existing Edges, though this probably minimal.
Second, it could also potentially give some explicit feedback on weight, e.g. the types of content people decide to include/exclude from their TimeLine might inform their personal attitude to the weight of different types of Edge.
All in all, Edgerank is at the heart of determining what content people see the second they log-in to Facebook. If you're promoting a business through FB, you need an appreciation of how it works and reflect it in your day to day tactical actions.If you're looking for more information on Facebook, we have just pubished a new update to our report: Facebook Pages for Business: A Best Practice Guide.
Comments (30)
That's definitely one of the most detailled article about Edgerank available on the web!
Thanks and congrats Kelvin.
Great article. It still astonishes me how many brands do not even know what Edgerank is given it's probably the single most important thing to understand about Facebook and should inform the vast majority of what a brand does on FB.
Too many brands are still approaching social almost as an extension of their advertising ie. big idea, big campaign, three month break, next big idea etc. Edgerank shows that brands need to be always on - more drip feed than burst.
I don't think big ideas and Understanding Edgerank are incompatible,
Great campaigns may also tick the boxes of edgerank with out deliberately realising. But this isn't some huge secret and anyone who claims to be an expert in Facebook Marketing and isn't even familiar with the term would worry me.
Hi Kelvin, excellent read. In particular I'd like to echo your thoughts around too much focus from companies on the KPI of likes and not enough focus on talking about this (engagement). It amazes me to see fan pages with huge likes and below 2% engagement. Focus on the engagement, add it the basic principles in this article and the likes will look after themselves.
Very True, though There's not a magical Edgerank number you can report on thought, Although I know that wasn't what you were suggesting David
Thanks Kelvin. This is one of the more in-depth articles I've read on Edgerank.
@ Kelvin,
Agree that big ideas are important/compatible with Edgerank, as are the campaigns that deliver them, but the approach of a big burst once every three months and then limited interaction between the big bursts will not build ongoing engagement or egderank....brands need to deliver in between the bursts.
wow I just realised that my knowledge of facebook was pretty limited. Thanks for this great article.
Great summary here on Edgerank. It can get complicated but I do try to explain posting best practices to our many clients. It's a challenge, but it works.
Thanks for a really succinct (and not overly 'techy') article on this, a great way of explaining it!
The article is helpful and few case studies and more specific examples would help people understand much better the value of Facebook's Edgerank!
I have thought about doing a post like 'ten brands who clearly understand Facebook's Edgerank Algo and why' think that's something people would appreciate?
Think that would be seriously helpful. We work with a few brands who 'get it'. Happy to contribute if that helps?
That'd be really helpful, Kelvin, yes.
Really good article, thank you. Very succinct and easy to understand. Would be great to see some 'best examples' if anyone has any they feel are worth mentioning?
I was really struggling with edgerank, thanks for the informative post Kelvin.
Facebook marketing will continue to confuse people until it starts to deliver for smaller brands.
Great article, but I have one question about what seems - to me at least - to be a contradiction:
You write that an "edge" is an interaction with Facebook that creates a piece of content. So, in my understanding that means just clicking on a picture is not an edge - since it creates no content.
But then you give an example of affinity where you say that just spying on a persons profile will give that person a greater affinity to the one spying. I assume that by spying you mean just looking at a persons profile without leaving any traces such as likes, comments, sharing content or anything like that.
I other words spying is looking at a persons profile WITHOUT creating an edge. How, then, can this affect the affinity score??
I hope you will clarify this point for me. Thanks a lot!
Best regards,
What an amazing insight into Edgerank
I'm quite new to the social media side of marketing
and this has been a huge help.
From what I've found running my website's Facebook Page is that Questions are a great way to engage with your fans. Answering a question and/or commenting on it produces a lot of edges and also appears in the ticker of your fans. This leads to a snowball effect. More business should use facebook questions.
Very nice article :) Congrats to the author and thanks for the detailed descriptions of what edgerang really is ;)
Doesn't anyone else suspect that the primary reaon EdgeRank criteria is kept vague is so FB can charge for additional reach? Thanks for the article...
Nadia, yes, I think you are right. The 'promote' button is now an important part of FB in a short time.
Great article by the way. I was struggling with recent changes and updates on our page. This explains it. It would be great to have more examples though.
One thing still puzzles me greatly: Say my page, with 1000 likes, has 600 interactions for a post. And say Coca Cola's page, with 1 000 000 likes, has 5 000 interactions for a post. Now Coca Cola's organic reach isn't any better than my page's organic reach on people's newsfeed, right? I have no actual trouble competing with coca cola in this scenario (in terms of pure organic reach) - we both appear on people's timelines without too many problems? I've observed this with pages with small numbers of likes and a high engagement factor (which tends to be the case with small pages), who do fantastically compared to mammoth brands on my newsfeed (even though I personally engage with neither).
Now, edge rank checker explains this high engagement with small pages in terms of the "difficulty publishing engaging content to their entire audience". To me it suggests that edge rank for pages isn't absolute - isn't based on the fact that I have 5 000 or only 600 people interacting with my post, but rather based on the fact that a HIGH PROPORTION of my 'likes' are interacting with my posts, which suggests to the edgerank algorithm that the stuff I publish is generally liked?
My question is because my company's page caters to two very different audiences. I'm thinking about whether to split the page into two, and produce a proportionally much greater engagement rate by doing so, in order to do gain better newsfeed visibility.
I'm sure other people must be interested in this question - whether engagement is important as a proportion of page likes to increase edgerank. However, I haven't seen this explained anywhere!
Thanks for the great article, Kelvin! Clearly explained Edgerank and it's components.
Great article. It's one of few that discuss how Timeline influences Edgerank. We saw a dramatic increase in our Edgerank score just prior to the switch. Our fans engage regularly and we post 2-4 times per day with calls to action and implied calls to action utilizing a variety of types of post options (video, photo, status, apps, links, etc.). I don't think that the score itself is as important as getting it to continually increase.
Kelvin, thanks for the great article! I am also a young social media marketing professional and this is a great help in order to build better strategies.
I would also like to read about more examples.
Wow, now that's what I call a quick but effective guide on EdgeRank. I've read several other in-depth looks into edgerank and no one seems to grasp the entire concept. I like how you explained things and how you implemented Affinity within the algorithm. It all makes sense, now it's time to create a campaign that can touch on all of those areas.


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GAINESVILLE, Fla. – Most people head to Florida for a little vacation and time on the beach.
Not the Virginia Commonwealth University track & field program, who headed to the "Sunshine State" for a business trip at the prestigious Florida Relays. It was a successful business trip as the Black & Gold posted an outstanding showing against some of the nation's top athletes.
"Our team was excited and hungry for an opportunity to get out into some warm weather and compete for the first time this season," Head Coach Jon Riley said. "They definitely made the best of their opportunity and performed at a very high level with some of the best athletes from all over the country."
For the women, junior Julia Anyaugo was the top performer for the Rams, crushing her own school record by over 10 feet in the discus throw with a heave of 150' 3". Her mark landed her a sixth-place finish, the highest women's finish of the weekend.
The school-record breaking continued in the women's sprint medley where senior Quina Fortune, sophomore Dionna Hayes, junior Jazlynn Finney and classmate Nicole Walters blew past the old school record by 17 seconds with a time of 3:56.42.
Fortune, Walters and Finney then joined freshman Niaimani Aduma in the 4x400 meter relay to post the second-fastest time in school history with a time of 3:49.96, just .56 off the 18-year old school record.
On the individual side, Fortune followed suit in the 200-meter dash by breaking her own school record with a time of 23.79, good for a top-10 finish. Hayes always had a great early season performance with a time of 11.89 in the 100-meter dash.
"As a staff, we're really excited about the way Julia and Quina showed the ability to better themselves and their school records consistently," Riley said.
For the men, senior DeAngelo Wilson had a strong weekend with a seasonal best in the 100-meter dash. Into a very strong head wind, Wilson posted a time of 10.83 against some of the nation's best.
He then teamed with classmates Donnie Seward and Axel Mostrag, as well as sophomore Dominic Costanzo in the sprint medley relay. The quartet posted the strongest showing by the Black & Gold all weekend with a fourth-place finish and a time of 3:21.24, missing the school record by less than two seconds.
Seward and Costanzo then teamed with Josh Bostick and Jeff Hernandez in the 4x400 relay to notch the third fastest time in school history, clocking in at 3:14.72.
On the individual side, senior Walid Berkhedle recorded a personal best in the 1500-meter run with a time of 3:47.94. That ranks him as the third-best runner in school history. Mostrag rounded out the Rams weekend with a top-15 showing in the 800-meter run, posting a time of 1:52.46.
"Walid had a solid weekend and we look forward to his continually improvement in our school rankings in the 1500," Riley said.
The Rams head to Knoxville, Tenn. for the Sea Ray Relays next weekend as their final meet before the first home meet of the spring with the VCU Invitational set for Apr. 16th.


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On September 29, 1999, President William J. Clinton signed into law the Treasury/Postal Appropriations Bill, Public Law No. 106-58, section 633, which created the National Intellectual Property Law Enforcement Coordination Council (NIPLECC). NIPLECC is an interagency group responsible for coordinating the US' domestic and international intellectual property enforcement activities. NIPLECC includes as one of its co-chairs, the Director of the USPTO. Other members include the Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Division, also co-chair, the Undersecretary of State for Economics, Business and Agricultural Affairs, the Deputy United States Trade Representative, the Commissioner of Customs and the Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade.
During 2000, the USPTO played an important role in working with the other US government agencies to define NIPLECC's mission and to identify challenging IP enforcement issues, including combating internet infringement, and that NIPLECC could partner with industry and rights holders to address. In order to better coordinate with the public, NIPLECC sought comments from the public on issues associated with its mission. Specifically, NIPLECC sought written comment from the public, asking them what they thought the mission of the council should be, and, in November 2000, convened a public meeting to discuss the matters more fully. As a result of this meeting, which was of enormous help to the council, NIPLECC members were much better able to determine what industry would like to see the council do with regard to IP enforcement activities. NIPLECC is required to report annually on its coordination activities to the President and to the Appropriations and Judiciary Committees of the US House and Senate.
The Council is directed to consult with the Register of Copyrights on law enforcement matters relating to copyright and related rights and matters.
>> NIPLECC 2006 Report [PDF]
>> NIPLECC 2004 Annual Report [PDF]
>> National Intellectual Property Law Enforcement Coordination Council Report 2002-2003 [PDF]
>> National Information Infrastructure (NII) Report on Intellectual Property Rights (September 1995)
<< Back to Global/International page
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Is there a question about what the USPTO can or cannot do that you cannot find an answer for? Send questions about USPTO programs and services to the USPTO Contact Center (UCC). You can suggest USPTO webpages or material you would like featured on this section by E-mail to the firstname.lastname@example.com. While we cannot promise to accommodate all requests, your suggestions will be considered and may lead to other improvements on the website.


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Message Board
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Got Mick?
Five Star, Dec 2002, 26.95 ISBN: 0786244607 Andrea Chatfield has been in love with Mick Adams since she was twelve years old and dreamed of marrying him. Almost two decades later, Andrea has not made any progress in achieving her goal because Mick thinks of her as his best friend's younger sister and besides is too preoccupied with his construction company. Mick tries to persuade Andrea's brother that he does not want his former girlfriend St...


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Campbellsville resident Mike Hall Jr. was sworn in on Monday as a new member of the Taylor County Public Library Board. Taylor County Clerk Mark Carney administered the oath.
Hall will serve a four-year term and replaces John C. Miller, whose term expired.
Also on Monday, Lateshia Johnson was sworn in to serve another four-year term. Board members also elected officers for the coming year.
Eddie Hazelwood, former vice president, is now president/chair of the board and Johnson, former secretary, is vice president.
Tiffany Pittman and Jeremy Bandy of Greensburg announce the birth of a son, Brantley Gage Thomas Bandy, at 1:31 p.m. on March 5 at Taylor Regional Hospital in Campbellsville. He weighed 5 pounds, 6 ounces and was 18.25 inches long.
Grandparents are Trina Pittman and James Gribbins of Greensburg and the late Melinda Cox and Kevin Glasscock.
Great-grandparents are Susan Buckman of Lebanon and the late Walter Buckman, Mr. and Mrs. Cox and Mr. and Mrs. Glasscock.
• • •
Community Trust Bank recently renewed its sponsorship of the Taylor Regional Hospital Transportation Service and Healthsouth Lakeview Rehabilitation Hospital recently became a sponsor for the service.
The free van service provides transportation to eligible patients in Taylor, Adair, Green and Marion counties receiving services at the main hospital, rehabilitation services, physician offices or at the Cancer Center. Money collected from the sponsors help to maintain this free service by offsetting some of the fuel costs associated with these trips.
Kevin Thomas
Campbellsville University
Campbellsville University's School of Theology students attended the 2014 National Festival of Young Preachers in Indianapolis, Ind., in January.
Yves Jean Baptiste, Noah Blackburn, Aron Neal, Mitchell Monroe and Rick Raley attended the conference, as well as Dr. John Hurtgen, dean of the school of theology; Dr. Scott Wigginton, professor of pastoral ministries and counseling; and CU alumnus Andre Morton.
Ellie McKinley of Campbellsville and nine other female students recently participated in Campbellsville University's 2014 Valentine Queen pageant. Shelby Mattingly won the crown.
Mattingly, who is from Versailles, will represent CU at the Mountain Laurel Festival on May 22-25 in Pineville.
The Brian Injury Alliance of Kentucky has formed the South Central Kentucky Board in Marion County. Since 1986, the BIAK has been serving those affected by brain injury through advocacy, education, prevention, outreach, and connection resources.
In recent times, BIAK has expanded its services to any acquired brain injury including accidents, aneurysms, trauma and tumors. BIAK has also extended its reach to veterans returning from overseas deployment who might have sustained a mild traumatic brain injury while serving our country.
Four generations of the Chewning family recently gathered for a photo.
From left are mother Nikki Wilson, great-grandmother Ila Chewning holding Wilson's son Landon and grandfather Randall Chewning.
Four generations of the Newcome family gathered at Christmas for a photo.
Audra Riggs is holding her great-grandson Campbell Newcome. Wayne Newcome is Campbell's grandfather and Aaron Newcome is Campbell's dad
Campbell was named after his great-great-great grandfather William Fulton Campbell, direct descendant of two of the Campbell brothers who settled Campbellsville.
Taylor County Bank recently renewed its sponsorship of the Taylor Regional Hospital transportation service.
The free van service provides transportation to eligible patients from Taylor, Adair, Green and Marion counties who are receiving services at the main hospital, rehab services, physician offices or at the cancer center.
Money collected from the sponsors helps to maintain the free transportation service by offsetting some of the fuel costs associated with the trips.
Dr. John M. Salsman of Evanston, Ill., a Campbellsville native, was recently awarded the 2014 New Investigator Award by the American Psychosocial Oncology Society at its annual conference in Tampa, Fla. Salsman lives and works in the Chicago area.
The mission of the American Psychosocial Oncology Society is to advance the science and practice of psychosocial care for people affected by cancer, and the New Investigator Award is presented for outstanding research contributions in psychosocial oncology.
Campbellsville Nursing and Rehabilitation Center recently had its annual Valentine's Day party.
Staff and residents voted on a Valentine's Day king and queen, Wallace Phillips and Jane Gilpin. Both were awarded gifts and crowns.
Intrepid Home Health provided refreshments.
Heart disease is the No. 1 cause of illness and death for North American women and kills more women than all forms of cancer combined. February is national Heart Health Month, and it is a great time for women to start taking better care of their hearts all year round.
It's important to know your personal risk for heart disease and family history. Common risk factors for heart disease include elevated blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, a sedentary lifestyle and overweight or obesity.
Shea and Adam Poff of Lebanon announce the birth of a daughter, Anna Elizabeth Poff, at 8:16 a.m. on Jan. 20 at Spring View Hospital in Lebanon. She weighed 7 pounds, 1 ounce and was 20.5 inches long.
Grandparents are Thomas and Kaylene Poff of Campbellsville. Great-grandparents are Ernest and Evelyleen Taylor of Lebanon.
The Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons has granted three-year approval to the cancer program at The Cancer Center at Taylor Regional Hospital.
Established in 1922 by the American College of Surgeons, the CoC is a consortium of professional organizations dedicated to improving survival rates and quality of life for cancer patients through standard-setting, prevention, research, education, and the monitoring of comprehensive, quality care.
Amber Faith Duncan and Efrain Granados Duncan of Campbellsville announce the birth of a daughter, Patience Estella Hope Duncan, at 8:36 a.m. on Jan. 15 at Spring View Hospital in Lebanon. She weighed 7 pounds, 4 ounces and was 19.5 inches long.
Grandparents are Jeff Duncan and Timmy and Michelle Dickens of Campbellsville.
Great-grandparents are Jimmy and Dorothy Dickens of Campbellsville.
Taylor Regional Hospital Auxiliary members recently donated $27,000 for the purchase of new equipment to be used in 35 different departments throughout the hospital.
The auxiliary makes a donation every year based on a "wish list" submitted by team members.
Nancy McLean-Dix has been named the Taylor Regional Hospital ambassador for winter 2014. Tammy Warren, Debra Appleby, Sherry Blanton and Dale Henderson were also nominated.
McLean-Dix was nominated by a team member. The following was written about her on her nomination form.
Taylor Regional Hospital recently recognized new team members for their first 90 days of service with a breakfast in their honor.
Those honored were Martina Beard, Taylor Regional Urology; Jessica Chambers, labor and delivery; Christi Curl, cardiac cath lab; Andrew Dornbrook, rehab; Whitney Ewing, laboratory; Shenandoah Grafflin, transitional care; Meredith Haley, Gwenn Howard and Amanda Knopp, transitional care; Angela Lang, TRH Care Center; Ariel Myers, surgery; and Sue Stang, physician billing.
George and Catherine Caldwell of Columbia will celebrate their 65th wedding anniversary on Saturday, Feb. 15, at Trinity Methodist Church in Columbia at 6 p.m. The Caldwell family will host the celebration.
All family and friends are invited to attend, though invitations will be sent to out-of-town guests only.
Four generations of the Gupton family recently gathered for a family photo.
They are great-grandfather Marion Thomas "Tom" Gupton, father Lee Thomas Gupton, grandfather Brent Thomas Gupton of Campbellsville and Lee's son, Evan Thomas Gupton.
Copyright © 2018
The Central Kentucky News-Journal is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Campbellsville, KY and the surrounding area.


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When Russia formally joined the World Trade Organization as its newest member in August, more than 150 countries began expanding trade with the ninth-largest economy in the world.
One big country did not: the United States.
Much to the consternation of business and trade officials around the nation, Congress has refused to approve a permanent trade pact with Russia, even though it has won broad bipartisan backing. As yet another sign of the deadlock in Washington, House and Senate leaders so far have not allowed the deal to come up for a final vote.
With time running out in the current Congress, pro-trade groups want the agreement high on the agenda when members return to work for a lame-duck session after Election Day. If the deal is not approved soon, they warn, the United States will miss a chance to export more products to 140 million consumers in Russia.
The stalled pact is partly the result of election-year politics and worries that Russia has not done enough to improve its record on human rights. Earlier this year, Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney called Russia the nation's top geopolitical foe, but he supports the deal as long as the U.S. agrees to do more to crack down on human-rights violations.
But backers of the deal remain upbeat.
"It's a tough time right now – people are feeling vulnerable in lots of ways, and so it's not easy for us to talk about the benefits from these free-trade agreements," said Jean Davis, director of international trade with the North Carolina Department of Commerce. "But we really try to push for these things. We're patient, and this is just another natural progression, so we understand people's hesitation."
In North Carolina, the nation's third-largest poultry exporter, turkey growers would benefit from lower tariffs, while the state's financial services industry would be helped by new rules that would make it easier for U.S. firms to conduct business in Russia.
With tariffs on chemicals set to fall from 20 percent to 5 percent, Davis said the chemical industry – which already leads the state in exports – would be the biggest winner. The state exported $261 million worth of products to Russia in 2011, she said, with chemicals, mineral products and electrical equipment leading the way.
Texas exported the most products to Russia in 2011, followed by Illinois, California, New York and Washington, according to the Coalition for U.S.-Russia Trade.
In Texas, exports to Russia grew 32 percent from 2010 to 2011, hitting $1.6 billion, the trade coalition said. Machinery exports topped the list, followed by chemicals, transportation equipment, computer and electronic products and fabricated metal products. And it meant big business for individual firms: Atlas Copco Drilling Solutions, in Garland, Texas, exported more than $4.1 million worth of heavy drilling equipment, while ExxonMobil Corp. partnered with a Russian company to develop oil in the Arctic, the Black Sea and Siberia.
"It would be good for Texas, it would be good for the United States, and it's good for Russia," said Joe Barnes, a research fellow at the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University.
He said concerns over Russia's human-rights record should not stop the trade pact.
"There are a lot of human-rights problems in Russia, but we manage to have normal trade relations with a lot of countries that have poor or ambiguous human-rights records," Barnes said. "China is a major case in point. And by any standard that I know of, Russia – for all of its faults – is an altogether more democratic country than China."
In some states, there's little interest in the deal.
"No one is going to get excited in Florida about trade with Russia," with that nation accounting for less than 2 percent of all U.S. trade and ranking 44th as a destination for the state's exports, said Jerry Haar, associate dean and director of the Pino Global Entrepreneurship Center at Florida International University's College of Business in Miami.
"As for congressional inaction on the bill, is there any wonder given the fact that Russia continues to supply arms to Syria to perpetuate that nation's genocide on its population and enjoys a thriving trade relationship with the terrorist state of Iran?" Haar asked. "Give me a break."
The environmental group Friends of the Earth opposes the deal, saying the regime of Russian President Vladimir Putin "must not be rewarded" for its record on the environment, trade and human rights. And U.S. steelworkers say the pact would do nothing to open the Russian market to more U.S. cars but instead would make it easier for U.S. automakers to move assembly facilities to Russia.
Backers of the deal had pushed hard to get a final vote in Congress before Russia formally joined the WTO this summer.
The pact has won support from many diverse interests, including the Obama administration and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, normally at odds on many issues. Both are touting the trade pact as a critical jobs bill.
It has cleared two trade-friendly panels on Capitol Hill: the Senate Finance Committee, controlled by Democrats, and the Republican-dominated House Ways and Means Committee.
And a bipartisan group of 15 governors – including Democrats Jerry Brown of California and Chris Gregoire of Washington and Republicans Nikki Haley of South Carolina, Nathan Deal of Georgia and Phil Bryant of Mississippi – is pushing the president and Congress to quickly approve the pact, saying it could double U.S. exports to Russia from $11 billion in 2011 to $22 billion in 2017.
Supporters say the agreement could prompt immediate payoffs in a wide swath of the U.S. economy, mainly by cutting tariffs on goods going into Russia.
In California, U.S. trade officials say, the pact would increase exports for agricultural products from grapes to almonds and lead to more foreign sales for the state's large communications and technologies industry.
In Washington, the winners could include the state's fruit producers, who already rank second in the nation in fruit exports, and Boeing, one of the state's largest employers. Tariffs on pears and cherries would be cut in half by 2015. And duties on commercial airlines also would be slashed by 50 percent, providing a big help to Boeing, which predicts that Russian carriers will need 1,000 new passenger airplanes in the next two decades.
Russia is one of the fastest-growing markets for Washington state, where a report released earlier this month found that 40 percent of all jobs are now linked to international trade. And the state's exports to Russia jumped 80 percent from 2010 to 2011 alone. In July, the Sakhalin Shipping Co. began service from the Port of Everett to help support the mining industry in the Russian Arctic.
"We forget that, other than Alaska, Washington is the nearest state to Russia," said Sam Kaplan, president of the Trade Development Alliance of Greater Seattle. "There are some 200,000 Russian speakers in Washington. No matter what Congress decides, it will have an impact on Washington state trade and our economy."
Mark Powers, vice president with the Northwest Horticultural Council, based in Yakima, Wash., said Russia has great potential for fruit producers in all of the Pacific Northwest, representing a $20 million market for apples, pears and cherries in the three states of Washington, Oregon and Idaho. He said he's disappointed with the inaction by Congress.
"Honestly, a lot of work went into the negotiations over many years," Powers said. And now with Russia in the WTO, he said, "the rest of the world is benefitting."
"We're entering into a new harvest season," he said. "We'd like to benefit."


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Celebrating its 40th Anniversary at Appalachian State University, WASU is a non-profit station broadcasting specialty shows ranging from underground hip-hop, metal, talk, up and coming artists and more. Last year they took home the mtvU Shoulda Coulda Woodie Award, but they seriously upped their game and are now the winner of mtvU's 2012 College Radio Woodie Award. Congratulations WASU!
>See All College Radio Woodie Nominees
>Click here to see all of the 2012 mtvU Woodie Award winners.
>WASU's site


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Dr. Sohani is the director of Surgical Pathology and the medical director for the Special Hematology section of the Core Laboratory. Her areas of clinical and research interest include Hematopathology and Laboratory Hematology.
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Dr. Sohani is a board-certified hematopathologist in Anatomic and Clinical Pathology and Hematology and her clinical areas of focus include Hematopathology, Hematology and Coagulation. She serves as Medical Director of the Hematology section of the Core Laboratory. In this role, her efforts have resulted in improved operations and clinical care in a number of areas, including enhanced detection of morphologic abnormalities in peripheral blood and body fluid specimens. She also oversees the Hematology Rotation, which constitutes part of the Clinical Pathology core training curriculum. In recognition of her teaching skills, she has received several awards from Mass General Hospital pathology residents, including the 2008 and 2012 Clinical Pathology Excellence in Teaching Awards. Her deep and abiding interest in issues related to delivery of pathology services in medically underserved and resource-challenged settings has led to the development of a web-based educational and diagnostic telepathology support network for pathologists practicing in such settings. She also serves as a mentor to pathologists in the developing world in establishing research programs and in bringing new diagnostic tests into the clinical realm.
Dr. Sohani's major research interest is in the identification of novel pathologic, immunophenotypic and molecular markers in lymphoma that may help to define new clinicopathologic entities and predict tumor behavior and response to therapy. She was the lead author on a study that was the first to describe an unusual, non-neoplastic CD4+CD8dim+ T-cell population in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma (NLPHL). The recognition of this population has enhanced the diagnostic role of flow cytometry in Hodgkin's lymphoma, and suggests a pathogenetic function for non-neoplastic T cells in this disease. This finding is included among the diagnostic criteria for NLPHL in the 2008 WHO Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Many of her ongoing studies are in collaboration with the Mass General Hospital Cancer Center, and in this capacity she led a multidisciplinary team of investigators in characterizing a group of high-grade B-cell neoplasms with concurrent MYC and IGH-BCL2 rearrangements. This study currently represents the best characterized group of these rare lymphomas from a pathological standpoint. In addition to her research interests in lymphoma, Dr. Sohani is exploring ways that telemedicine and web-based learning can be used to enhance the delivery of pathology services in resource-limited settings and provide educational support to pathologists practicing in medically underserved regions of the world.
Bibliography of Aliyah R. Sohani (Rahemtullah) via PubMed
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SAN ANTONIO – A federal judge has ruled that a Texas school has the right to force a student to wear an ID badge, something she was refusing saying the embedded tracking device is sacrilegious to her Christian faith.
The Tuesday ruling gave the school the right to expel or transfer 15-year-old Andrea Hernandez from the district. It said that if the girl is to stay at the school, she would be required to wear the badge. Otherwise, she would have to transfer to a new school.
The parents of Hernandez had requested a preliminary injunction that would have prevented the school district from transferring their daughter from her San Antonio high school while the lawsuit on whether she should be forced to wear the tracking badge went through federal court.
Last fall, the Northside Independent School District began experimenting with "locator" chips in student ID badges on two campuses, allowing administrators to track the whereabouts of 4,200 students with GPS-like precision.
Administrators say the chips make students safer and will help boost attendance records that are used to calculate badly needed state funding.
Hernandez's suit against Northside –the fourth-largest school district in Texas– argues that the ID rule violates her religious beliefs. Her family says the badge is satanic and a "mark of the beast" that goes against their religion.
But U.S. District Judge Orlando Garcia denied a request to stop her from being transferred, saying the badge requirement "has an incidental effect, if any, on (Hernandez's) religious beliefs."
Garcia also wrote in his 25-page ruling that because Hernandez has worn a previous ID badge for several years, her refusal to wear the new badge "is clearly a secular choice, rather than a religious concern."
We should not be teaching our children to accept such an intrusive surveillance technology.
- Jay Stanley, ACLU senior policy analyst
Garcia said that if Hernandez does not accept the school district's accommodation of wearing a badge without the tracking chip, the district can transfer her to another campus.
In a statement, the district said Hernandez, a sophomore, and her family have until Jan. 22, the start of the second semester, to decide if Hernandez will accept the compromise and thus be allowed to stay at the magnet school she is attending or be transferred to her home campus.
"Today's court ruling affirms (the district's) position that we did make reasonable accommodation to the student by offering to remove the RFID chip from the student's smart ID badge," according to the school district's statement.
John Whitehead, president of The Rutherford Institute, a Virginia-based civil rights group that is representing Hernandez and her family in court, said his organization plans to appeal the judge's ruling.
Whitehead said he expects Hernandez and her family will not accept the school district's compromise of wearing a badge without the tracking chip.
Whitehead believes the judge was incorrect in saying that Hernandez's refusal to wear the badge is not grounded in her religious beliefs and that prior Supreme Court rulings have indicated that government officials can't be arbiters of religious beliefs.
"To them this is a very strong religious moral issue. ... I believe their religious beliefs are protected because they are sincere," he said.
The American Civil Liberties Union is another organization opposing the district's decision.
"How often do you see an issue where the ACLU and Christian fundamentalists come together? It's unusual," said Chris Steinbach, the chief of staff for a Republican state lawmaker who has filed a bill to outlaw the technology in Texas schools.
ACLU senior policy analyst Jay Stanley told Reuters, "We don't want to see this kind of intrusive surveillance infrastructure gain inroads into our culture."
"We should not be teaching our children to accept such an intrusive surveillance technology."
With reporting by The Associated Press.
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|Think about Loose Coupling
Re^3: How many man-hours would you estimate you have invested in learning Perl?by Anonymous Monk
|on Apr 10, 2013 at 12:19 UTC ( #1027955=note: print w/replies, xml )
|Need Help??
Wait a minute - the OP may have made a joke that identified no particular person, or even any particular group, and which, interpreted through a certain lens, could possibly offend some people's sensitivities.
But the response that started all this was a direct attack on the OP - labelling his/her personal sense of humour as agression, and further attacking all male members of the Perl community with the assertion that they are all, by error of birth, saddled with a privilege they must spend their lives being careful to renounce - deny the very persons they were born as - so important is it that certain other people's sensitivities not be ruffled.
But that's just fine in other people's eyes?
'Cause, parsed, the message of many of these posts is essentially that all the men on here need to spend their lives denying who they are and watching their step, lest the self-appointed values-police get miffed over any perceived lack of due deference to their sensitivities.
Oh, that's much less offensive than the OP. (not).
In Section Past Polls


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The Glam collection puts the fab in fabulous. No matter if your decorating style is simplistic casual living or Hollywood chic, this collection has something for everyone. New and innovative techniques for a flatweave rug, this collection features beautiful ombre colorations and trendy geometric prints. Each rug is handmade in India of 100% wool and is 100% reversible for years of enjoyment and durability.
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- Please Note: The digital images and product dimensions on our website are as accurate as possible. Due to differences in computer monitors, some rug colors may vary slightly. Lengths and widths may vary from the published dimensions. We do our best to provide you with an exact measurement, but please be advised that some variation exists. Patterns may vary slightly according to shape and size selected.


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WBAL TV, City Paper, Others Rave About Exhibition
Posted 10.24.11 by mica communications
BALTIMORE -- MICA and Zeuxis still life painters association present The Common Object, an exhibition of more than 60 paintings incorporating the everyday object of a dishtowel, Thursday, Dec. 1, 2011-Sunday, March 11, 2012 in the Fox Building's Meyerhoff Gallery, 1303 W. Mount Royal Ave. The paintings in the exhibition, in the words of American author John Updike, "give the mundane its beautiful due." A reception will take place Friday, Dec. 2, 5-7 p.m.
This traveling exhibition features paintings by 37 Zeuxis artists and guests, including former MICA students Richard Baker and Anthony Martino '76 (general fine arts), as well as faculty member Mark Karnes and prior faculty members Stanley Friedman and Sharon Yates. Additionally, a group of MICA students will display paintings around the theme.
The title The Common Object suggests both the subject matter is an ordinary dishtowel and that the same towel is common to each painting. "As a tool and as a visual element, the dishtowel is versatile and absorbent, a bland ingredient that can be molded to many uses," Imogen Sara Smith writes in the 36-page, full-color exhibition catalog. "Wet or dry, smooth or wrinkled, clean or stained, it symbolizes the blank canvas, the eternal challenge to make something out of nothing."
The dishtowel might be treated as an inanimate object-for its drapery folds, its pattern or use as a backdrop-or might be examined for its versatility and usefulness. The painters approached the object in different ways, some leaving it quietly in the background, others featuring it as the main subject; some depicting it in realistic detail, others turning it into an abstract form.
MICA's Meyerhoff Gallery is the fourth and final presentation of The Common Object, which has previously appeared at the Prince Street Gallery in New York City, the Peninsula Fine Art Center in Newport News, Va., and the Lancaster Museum of Art in Lancaster, Pa.
The artists showcasing work in the exhibition are: Martha Armstrong, Richard Baker , Rita Baragona, Lucy Barber, William Barnes, Temma Bell, Suzanne Biggins, Rick Brazill, Susan Cohen, Kate Emlen, Bevin Engman, Phyllis Floyd, Stanley Friedman, Elizabeth Geiger, John Goodrich, Christine Hartman, Robert Jessel, Mark Karnes, Catherine Kehoe, Tim Kennedy, Deborah Kirklin, Carmela Kolman, Lynn Kotula, Penny Kronengold, Richard La Presti, Ginger Levant, Ying Li, Sydney Licht, Anthony Martino, Margaret McCann, Ruth Miller, Janice Nowinski, Don Southard, Sandra Stone, Amy Weiskopf, Megan Williamson and Sharon Yates.
Zeuxis is a grassroots organization formed in New York City in 1995 to explore the possibilities of still life painting in the post-Modernist art world. To date, Zeuxis has organized more than 50 exhibitions in museums, commercial galleries and other exhibition spaces around the country. For more information on Zeuxis, call 212.924.6153 or visit www.zeuxis.us.
MICA's galleries, which are free and open to the public, are open Monday-Saturday, 10 a.m.-5 p.m.; and Sunday, noon-5 p.m. They are closed on major holidays.
Image caption: Sharon Yates, Mixed Flowers with Towel, oil on panel, 2009.
Founded in 1826, Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA) is the oldest continuously degree-granting college of art and design in the nation. The College enrolls nearly 3,500 undergraduate, graduate and continuing studies students from 49 states and 52 countries in fine arts, design, electronic media, art education, liberal arts, and professional studies degree and non-credit programs. With art and design programs ranked in the top ten by U.S. News and World Report, MICA is pioneering interdisciplinary approaches to innovation, research, and community and social engagement. Alumni and programming reach around the globe, even as MICA remains a cultural cornerstone in the Baltimore/Washington region, hosting hundreds of exhibitions and events annually by students, faculty and other established artists.
Media Coverage:
- WATCH: WBAL TV interview
- READ: City Paper review
- Also featured in Baltimore magazine, Baltimore Messenger, Baltimore Sun, Maryland Life magazine, WAMU Radio, Where Baltimore magazine and WJZ TV.
Gallery Talk
Friday, Dec. 2, 3 p.m.; Fox Building: Meyerhoff Gallery, 1303 W. Mount Royal Ave.
Artists: Elizabeth Geiger, Robert Jessel, Temma Bell and Margaret McCann
Four exhibiting artists discuss their work process and philosophy about artmaking, keeping the young artist in mind.
What We Think We Mean When We Talk About Painting
Friday, Dec. 2, 6:30-8 p.m.; Fox Building: Meyerhoff Gallery, 1303 W. Mount Royal Ave.
Artists: John Goodrich and Bevin Engman; Interviewed by William Corbett, director of student writing activities in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Writing and Humanistic Studies program
This dialogue will center around what we as critics, painters, instructors and fans mean when we talk about painting.
Making Your Own Luck Panel Discussion
Friday, Feb. 10, 7 p.m.; Fox Building: Meyerhoff Gallery, 1303 W. Mount Royal Ave.
Representatives from several artist-led galleries and collaborative groups will discuss the important roles these associations can play in a larger community.


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Waco Center for Youth (WCY) is a psychiatric residential treatment facility that serves teen-agers, ages 13 through 17, with emotional difficulties and/or behavioral problems. Waco Center for Youth bases its treatment philosophy on the belief that both behavior change and an understanding of self and others are equally important in achieving significant long-term success in treatment. The mission of Waco Center for Youth is "to give each youth a chance for change" by providing comprehensive psychiatric residential treatment services to emotionally disturbed adolescents of the state of Texas. The facility is operated by the Texas Department of State Health Services.
Waco Center for Youth is accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (Joint Commission). Joint Commission is an independent, not-for-profit organization, which set standards for, and evaluates health care organizations in accordance with nationally recognized guidelines. The standards include an organization's level of performance in key functional areas such as: patient rights, patient treatment and infection control. They also focus on the hospital's ability to provide safe, high-quality care. To earn and maintain accreditation, an organization must undergo an on-site survey by a Joint Commission survey team at least every three years. WCY was last accredited in August 2016.
In the physical facilities of World War I Camp McArthur, Waco State Home was established in 1919 to serve dependent and neglected children in Texas. Originally, under the control of the Texas Hospital Board, the Home was run subsequently by the Texas Department of Public Welfare and in 1957 the Texas Youth Council was organized to manage homes for dependent children and training schools for delinquent youngsters.
In September 1979, Waco State Home became Waco Center for Youth and began a new residential treatment program under the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation to treat emotionally disturbed adolescents.
Texas Homeland Security | Statewide Search | Texas.gov | Texas Veterans Portal | Privacy Practices | Report Fraud, Waste, and Abuse


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Are you planning a wedding, a birthday party or a corporate organization meeting? Consider hosting your special event at one of the City's many civic facilities. We offer a range of locations, from a luxurious ballroom to open-air picnic pavilions.
Click the links below for information:
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To see if a particular facility - with the exception of The Grand Ballroom - is available, please use our Online Recreation Activity Registration System.
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Boo! Bunheads Canceled
"Well, fuck."
UPDATE: Vulture was oh-so-hopeful that Bunheads, Amy Sherman-Palladino's weird and wonderful show about ballet, would be renewed. ABC Family waited several months before making a decision (whereas in the past, they've pulled the plug on low-rated rookies mighty fast). Alas, it was not to be. The network confirmed that it would be taking Michelle, Fanny, Boo, Ginny, Sasha, and Melanie out of our lives. So go ahead, cruel world, celebrate Kate's baby boy all you want. We'll be crying in that corner over there.
We reached out to Sherman-Palladino after we got the bad news, and here's what she had to say to Vulture: "Thank you to anyone who chose to play in our sandbox for a while. It was a labor of love from all involved and well, fuck. All you can do is try right? And drink." We'll miss you, too.


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COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) Connor Shaw threw for two touchdowns and ran for another score as No. 12 South Carolina beat Arkansas 38-20 on Saturday.
Shaw was 15-of-23 for 279 yards for the Gamecocks (8-2, 6-2 Southeastern Conference), who finished with six league wins for only the second time in 20 years in the SEC.
Arkansas (4-6, 2-4) will now have to beat both Mississippi State and LSU to make a bowl game after starting the season No. 10 in the country.
It was only the second win over the Razorbacks in the last seven games for the Gamecocks and it broke a three-game losing streak during which the Hogs embarrassed South Carolina by double-digits.


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