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Staff of the Parliamentary Information and Research Service (PIRS) of the Library of Parliament work exclusively for Parliament conducting research and providing analysis and policy advice to Members of the Senate and House of Commons and to parliamentary committees on a non-partisan and confidential basis. The documents on this site were originally prepared for general distribution to Canadian Parliamentarians to provide background and analysis of issues that may arise in the course of their Parliamentary duties. They are made available here as a service to the public. These studies are not official Parliamentary or Canadian government documents. No legal or other professional advice is offered by the authors or the Parliamentary Information and Research Service in presenting its publications or in maintaining links to other Internet sites.
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Prepared by:
Matthew Carnaghan, Allison Goody
Political and Social Affairs Division
26 January 2006
The Arctic region has featured prominently in debates about Canadian sovereignty. There has been a renewed focus on the Arctic due to the effects of climate change in the region, notably the melting of the polar ice caps. At the same time, there are continuing strategic issues relating to potential incursions into Canadian Arctic territory at various levels – airspace, surface (terrestrial and maritime), and sub-surface (by nuclear submarines). Canada's ability to detect and monitor such territorial incursions and to enforce sovereign claims over its Arctic territory in such cases has been questioned.
Other countries, including the United States, Russia, Denmark, Japan, and Norway, as well as the European Union, have expressed increasing interest in the region and differing claims in relation to international law. In particular, many observers believe that the Northwest Passage, the shipping route through Canada's Arctic waters, will be open to increased shipping activity in the coming decades as the ice melts. Canada's assertion that the Northwest Passage represents internal (territorial) waters has been challenged by other countries, including the United States, which argue that these waters constitute an international strait (international waters). Interest in the region's economic potential has resulted in discussions of increased resource exploration and disputed sub-surface resources, as well as concerns over environmental degradation, control and regulation of shipping activities, and protection of northern inhabitants. It is important to note that the Arctic is a vast and remote territory that presents many difficulties in terms of surveillance, regulation, and infrastructure development.
The definition of sovereignty is somewhat elusive, with varying emphasis given to the elements of control, authority, and perception. The concept of state sovereignty is embedded in international law and is one of its central pillars. Traditionally, this definition reflects a state's right to jurisdictional control, territorial integrity, and non-interference by outside states. "Sovereignty is supreme legitimate authority within a territory. … Supreme authority within a territory implies both undisputed supremacy over the land's inhabitants and independence from unwanted intervention by an outside authority."(1)
However, sovereignty has also been increasingly defined in terms of state responsibility. This includes a state's exercise of control and authority over its territory, and the perception of this control and authority by other states. Sovereignty is thus linked to the maintenance of international security. There is an increasing expectation of state responsibility in ensuring territorial control and in providing the presence of state authority. Former National Defence Minister Bill Graham has stated that "Sovereignty is a question of exercising, actively, your responsibilities in an area."(2)
Another important dimension of the assertion of Canadian sovereignty includes stewardship, an issue that has been raised by Canada's northern Inuit and Aboriginal peoples. Specifically, "use and occupancy" by Canada's northern inhabitants is significant in terms of the validity of Canada's sovereign claims.(3)
The Northwest Passage is usually defined as the body of Arctic water existing between the Davis Strait and Baffin Bay in the east and the Bering Strait in the west. There are considered to be five basic routes through this passage, consisting of essentially two accessible routes.(4) The Northwest Passage represents a potentially attractive and valuable commercial shipping route if it were to become more accessible to navigation and for longer portions of the year.
Climate change is a result of the rising global temperatures associated with global warming, the effects of which have a direct impact on fragile ecosystems. It is contributing to the melting of the polar ice caps, which, many speculate, will open the Northwest Passage to increased shipping activity. There are varying estimates of the rate at which the Arctic ice is melting, but a 2004 study by the Arctic Council and the International Arctic Science Committee assessed that sea-ice in summer months has declined by 15-20% over the past thirty years.(5) A report prepared for the U.S. Navy in 2001 predicted that as a consequence, "within five to ten years, the Northwest Passage will be open to non-ice-strengthened vessels for at least one month each summer."(6) Another report issued by the Institute of the North, the U.S. Arctic Research Commission, and the International Arctic Science Committee estimated that the Canadian Arctic will experience entire summer seasons of nearly ice-free conditions as early as 2050, but probably not before 2100.(7)
The impacts of climate change heighten the existing dispute over the status of the Northwest Passage. Canada claims that the Arctic waters of the Northwest Passage constitute "historic internal waters," and thus fall under Canadian jurisdiction and control. However, this claim has been disputed, especially by the United States and the European Union. The United States has consistently argued that the Northwest Passage represents an international strait (international waters), which allows the right of transit passage (beyond "innocent passage").
The requirements of an international strait are both "geographic" and "functional."(8) An international strait must connect two bodies of the high seas, in this case the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. However, an international strait must also satisfy the criterion of being a useful (not just potentially useful) route for navigation, and must have experienced a sufficient number of transits. Considering the International Court of Justice's ruling in the Corfu Channel Case, "it becomes readily available that [this criterion] fails to be met" in the case of the Northwest Passage, as there has not yet been a sufficient number of transits to qualify it as a "useful route for international maritime traffic."(9) However, if a sufficient number of vessels transit the passage without seeking Canadian permission, Canada's claims to the legal status of the passage could be challenged, as there would be an increasing claim and perception that the passage constitutes an international strait.(10) This international status would limit Canada's ability to control these waters, especially in terms of rules governing environmental issues and shipping practices, which would potentially be governed by the International Maritime Organization. Most agree that ensuring control requires a Government of Canada presence in the region, to monitor the passage and ensure compliance with Canadian sovereign claims.
Canada's relations with the United States in this area have fluctuated between uneventful periods and controversial events. The United States asserts that the Northwest Passage is an international strait. Two voyages by the U.S. tanker S.S. Manhattan in 1969-1970 and the U.S. icebreaker CGS Polar Sea in 1985 highlighted the issue of Canada's sovereign control over its Arctic territory and stirred public debate. In 1970, the Canadian government enacted the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act, which asserts Canadian regulatory control over pollution within a 100-mile zone. In response, a U.S. foreign relations document from 1970 stated, "We cannot accept the assertion of a Canadian claim that the Arctic waters are internal waters of Canada. … Such acceptance would jeopardize the freedom of navigation essential for United States naval activities worldwide."(11)
In 1988, however, Canada and the United States forged an agreement on "Arctic Cooperation," which pledges that voyages of U.S. icebreakers "will be undertaken with the consent of the Government of Canada." The agreement did not alter either country's legal position vis-à-vis the Arctic waters. With regard to the United States' legal position, however, there have been some suggestions that U.S. concerns with continental security since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 could dampen its assertions that Canada's Arctic waters constitute an international strait. Accordingly, Canada might perhaps manage relations with the United States over the Northwest Passage by controlling the passage "as a way of securing the North American perimeter."(12)
Hans Island is the subject of a well-reported dispute over Canada's land territory in the Arctic. Hans Island is situated between Canada's Ellesmere Island and Greenland, a territory of Denmark. Both Canada and Denmark claim Hans Island as sovereign territory. These competing claims have never been finally settled in international law. A 1973 agreement between Canada and Denmark on the "delimitation of the continental shelf" between Greenland and Canada did not resolve the issue.
This island is uninhabited and is only 1.3 square kilometres. However, certain observers have suggested that Canada's ability to project control over Hans Island represents a significant indicator of Canada's ability to exercise sovereignty over its Arctic territory, and sends an important message to other nations. Former National Defence Minister Bill Graham visited the island in July 2005, as did Canadian military personnel, who placed a Canadian flag on the territory. The Danish navy made similar visits in 2002 and 2003. In September 2005, the two countries issued a joint statement declaring that "we will continue our efforts to reach a long-term solution to the Hans Island dispute."(13)
Canada's Arctic territory and waters have garnered increasing attention as areas for the exploration and shipping of resources, including oil, gas, minerals, and fish. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, the Arctic contains an estimated one-quarter of the world's undiscovered energy resources.(14) Indeed, some have suggested that "up to 50 per cent of the earth's remaining undiscovered reserves of hydrocarbons are located north of 60°n latitude."(15) However, these commentators also note that there are difficulties and expenses posed by the extraction and transportation of Arctic resources.
Canada and the United States have disputed the maritime boundary in the Beaufort Sea, an area that potentially has strong oil and gas resources. Exploration licences and competing claims to jurisdiction could be an ongoing issue.(16) Canada has committed $51 million to map and identify the boundary of its continental shelf in the Arctic, pursuant to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).(17) Canada ratified the UNCLOS in 2003 and has 10 years from that date to determine the extent of its continental shelf.(18) This "mapping" will help to determine Canada's exact sovereign rights in terms of economic control (beyond the UNCLOS-defined 200-nautical-mile "exclusive economic zone") and resource exploration. The United States has not ratified the UNCLOS, despite a vote in 2004 by the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee recommending ratification.
The Government of Canada has historically proclaimed sovereignty over its Arctic territory and waters, and has periodically emphasized these claims. The government's 1987 White Paper on Defence, Challenge and Commitment, discussed the need for capabilities in Canada's "Three Oceans." In 2000, the Government of Canada released The Northern Dimension of Canada's Foreign Policy (NDFP).(19) The NDFP lists four objectives:
Recently, the issue of protecting and promoting sovereignty has been re‑emphasized. In the October 2004 Speech from the Throne, the Prime Minister announced a "northern strategy" that would, among other things, "protect the northern environment and Canada's sovereignty and security."(20) In April 2005, the Government of Canada released its International Policy Statement – A Role of Pride and Influence in the World (IPS). This foreign policy document places much greater emphasis on the Arctic region and sovereignty concerns than the 1995 Canada in the World: Canadian Foreign Policy Review. Arctic sovereignty is discussed in the "Overview," "Diplomacy," and "Defence" sections of the IPS.
Policy initiatives directed towards the assertion of Canada's sovereignty over its Arctic territory have tended to ebb and flow. The 1987 White Paper on Defence announced plans to purchase 10-12 nuclear-powered submarines and "polar class 8" icebreakers that would be capable of operating in Arctic waters year-round.(21) These costly programs were subsequently cut with the end of the Cold War. Underwater surveillance capability has been the subject of continuing debate, considering potential incursions into Canadian territory by French, British, Russian, and especially American nuclear submarines. In December 2005, there were reports in the Canadian media that an American nuclear submarine may have passed through Canadian Arctic waters during its trip through the Arctic Ocean, possibly without permission from the Canadian government.(22)
Canada's Arctic presence is currently composed of a number of assets:
Some have argued that, given the challenges posed by monitoring such a vast territory, Canada's resources are insufficient in terms of ensuring the capability to enforce its sovereignty in the region. Others have responded that these concerns are exaggerated, current efforts are sufficient, and that any policy proposals must be weighed in consideration with other spending priorities and threats.(26) For example, Canada's capacity for surveillance and enforcement could be enhanced through policy options ranging from the acquisition of nuclear submarines and increased icebreaker capabilities, to the development of underwater listening posts, or through a mandatory requirement for advance notification from all vessels seeking to travel through Canada's Arctic waters, as is required for Canada's other coasts.(27) Therefore, future policy discussions will need to consider the most effective and efficient means of protecting Canadian sovereignty in the Arctic, including assessments of what could be potentially costly programs.
Arctic Council, and the International Arctic Science Committee. Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004.
Byers, Michael, and Suzanne Lalonde. "Our Arctic Sovereignty Is on Thin Ice." The Globe and Mail [Toronto], 1 August 2005, p. A11.
Canadian Coast Guard. Icebreaking Program Report on Performance: Arctic Operations Summer 2003. January 2005.
Charron, Andrea. "The Northwest Passage: Is Canada's Sovereignty Floating Away?" International Journal, Summer 2005, pp. 831-848.
Department of National Defence. "CFNA Fact Sheet."
––––––––. Challenge and Commitment: A Defence Policy for Canada. 1987.
––––––––. "Project Polar Epsilon Will Enhance Canada's Surveillance and Security Capability." 2 June 2005.
Elliot-Meisel, Elizabeth B. "Still Unresolved after Fifty Years: The Northwest Passage in Canadian-American Relations, 1946-1998." American Review of Canadian Studies, Vol. 29, No. 3, Fall 1999.
Foreign Affairs Canada. Speech by Pierre Pettigrew, Minister of Foreign Affairs. "Canada's Leadership in the Circumpolar World." Ottawa, 22 March 2005.
Garvey, Bruce. "A Battle Brews for 'Our True North.'" Ottawa Citizen, 7 August 2004, p. A4.
Government of Canada. International Policy Statement: A Role of Pride and Influence in the World. April 2005.
––––––––. Speech from the Throne. 5 October 2004.
Griffiths, Franklyn. "The Shipping News: Canada's Arctic Sovereignty Not on Thinning Ice." International Journal, Vol. 58, No. 2, Spring 2003, pp. 257-282.
Huebert, Rob. "Climate Change and Canadian Sovereignty in the Northwest Passage." ISUMA, Winter 2001, pp. 86-94.
––––––––. "The Shipping News Part II: How Canada's Arctic Sovereignty Is on Thinning Ice." International Journal, Vol. 58, No. 3, Summer 2003, pp. 295-308.
––––––––. "Who Best Defends our Arctic?" The Globe and Mail [Toronto], 4 January 2006, p. A15.
Institute of the North, U.S. Arctic Research Commission, and International Arctic Science Committee. Arctic Marine Transport Workshop. 2004.
Kenney, Gerard. "Message to America: Get out of our Arctic Way." The Globe and Mail [Toronto], 9 February 2006.
Kusugak, Jose A. "Stewards of the Northwest Passage." National Post [Toronto], 3 February 2006, p. A14.
McRae, Donald M. "Arctic Sovereignty: Loss by Dereliction?" Northern Perspectives, Vol. 22, No. 4, Winter 1994-95.
United States Department of State. "Information Memorandum for Mr. Kissinger – the White House." 12 March 1970. Foreign Relations, 1969-1976, Vol. E-1, Documents on Global Issues, 1969-1972.
United States Office of Naval Research, Naval Ice Center, Oceanographer of the Navy, and the Arctic Research Commission. "Naval Operations in an Ice-Free Arctic," Symposium. April 2001.
Pharand, Donat. Canada's Arctic Water in International Law. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988.
Philpott, Daniel. "Sovereignty: an Introduction and Brief History." Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 48, No. 2, Winter 1995.
Reynolds, Paul. "The Arctic's New Gold Rush." BBC News, 25 October 2005.
Wattie, Chris. "U.S. Sub May Have Toured Canadian Arctic Zone." National Post [Toronto], 19 December 2005, p. A1.
Young, Oran R. "Arctic Shipping: An American Perspective." In Franklyn Griffiths, ed., Politics of the Northwest Passage. McGill-Queen's University Press, Kingston, 1987.
(1) Daniel Philpott, "Sovereignty: an Introduction and Brief History," Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 48, No. 2, Winter 1995, p. 357.
(2) Graeme Smith, "Graham focuses on Arctic during visit to Russia," The Globe and Mail [Toronto], 2 September 2005, p. A5.
(3) Jose A. Kusugak, "Stewards of the Northwest Passage," National Post [Toronto], 3 February 2006, p. A14.
(4) Donat Pharand, Canada's Arctic Water in International Law, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988, pp. 187-189.
(5) Arctic Council and the International Arctic Science Committee, Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004.
(6) Office of Naval Research, Naval Ice Center, Oceanographer of the Navy, and the Arctic Research Commission, "Naval Operations in an Ice-Free Arctic," Symposium, April 2001.
(7) Institute of the North, U.S. Arctic Research Commission, and International Arctic Science Committee, Arctic Marine Transport Workshop, 2004, p. 5.
(8) Pharand (1988), pp. 221-225.
(10) Andrea Charron, "The Northwest Passage: Is Canada's Sovereignty Floating Away?" International Journal, Vol. 60, No. 3, Summer 2005, p. 832.
(11) U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations, 1969-1976, Vol. E-1, Documents on Global Issues, 1969‑1972.
(13) Foreign Affairs Canada, "Canada and Denmark Issue Statement on Hans Island," 19 September 2005.
(14) Paul Reynolds, "The Arctic's New Gold Rush," BBC News, 25 October 2005.
(15) Oran R. Young, "Arctic Shipping: An American Perspective," in Franklyn Griffiths, ed., Politics of the Northwest Passage, McGill-Queen's University Press, Kingston, 1987, p. 116.
(16) Michael Byers, "We can settle this: Let's trade oil for fish. Two northern boundary disputes offer a rare win-win opportunity for Canada-U.S. relations," The Globe and Mail [Toronto], 11 March 2005, p. A17.
(17) Pierre Pettigrew, Speech, "Canada's Leadership in the Circumpolar World," 22 March 2005.
(18) Territorial waters may also be delimited through the use of "straight baselines." For historical background on this method and its implications for Canada, see Gerard Kenney, "Message to America: Get out of our Arctic way," The Globe and Mail [Toronto], 9 February 2006.
(19) Foreign Affairs Canada, The Northern Dimension of Canada's Foreign Policy, 2000.
(20) Government of Canada, Speech from the Throne, 5 October 2004.
(21) Department of National Defence, Challenge and Commitment: A Defence Policy for Canada, 1987.
(22) Chris Wattie, "U.S. Sub May Have Toured Canadian Arctic Zone," National Post [Toronto], 19 December 2005, p. A1.
(23) Canadian Coast Guard, Icebreaking Program Report on Performance: Arctic Operations Summer 2003, January 2005.
(24) Department of National Defence, "CFNA Fact Sheet."
(25) Department of National Defence, News Release, "Project Polar Epsilon Will Enhance Canada's Surveillance and Security Capability," 2 June 2005.
(26) See Rob Huebert, "Climate Change and Canadian Sovereignty in the Northwest Passage," ISUMA, Winter 2001, pp. 86-94; and Franklyn Griffiths, "The Shipping News: Canada's Arctic Sovereignty Not on Thinning Ice," International Journal, Vol. 58, No. 2, Spring 2003, pp. 257-282.
(27) Rob Huebert, "Who Best Defends Our Arctic?" The Globe and Mail [Toronto], 4 January 2006, p. A15; and Michael Byers and Suzanne Lalonde, "Our Arctic Sovereignty Is on Thin Ice," The Globe and Mail [Toronto], 1 August 2005, p. A11.
1880 – Arctic Islands order in council proclaims Canadian sovereignty over all British territories in North America.
1969 – Voyage of U.S. tanker S.S. Manhattan through the Northwest Passage.
1970 – Canada passes the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act, declaring Canadian regulatory control over pollution within a 100-mile zone.
1973 – Canada and Denmark agree on "delimitation of the continental shelf" between Greenland and Canada.
1985 – Voyage of U.S. icebreaker CGS Polar Sea through the Northwest Passage.
1985 – Government of Canada announces plans to acquire "Polar 8 icebreaker."
1987 – Canada's 1987 White Paper on Defence announces plans to acquire 10-12 nuclear submarines.
1988 – Canada and United States reach an agreement on "Arctic Cooperation," which pledges that voyages of U.S. icebreakers should seek consent from Canada.
2000 – Government of Canada releases The Northern Dimension of Canada's Foreign Policy, including policy of asserting Canadian sovereignty in the North.
2003 – Canada ratifies United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
2004 – Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (Arctic Council) is released.
2004 – Speech from the Throne, announcing a "northern strategy."
2005 – Canada's Minister of National Defence visits Hans Island in July.
2005 – A U.S. nuclear submarine voyages to the North Pole in December, possibly travelling through Canadian Arctic waters.


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Yesterday was a beautiful, sunny, warm and bright March day – a perfect day for Spring Equinox, and a perfect day for being outside.
The goats and sheep have REALLY been enjoying the fresh, young grass that is coming up all over the yard. They've spent the past few days grazing in front of the house, while Oddler seems to have made it his personal duty to keep an eye on them as he lazes in the sun.
Aren't they so delightfully shaggy with their winter coats on? These ladies will soon be first-time mamas. I wonder who will give birth first, me or them?
We took advantage of the beautiful weather and spent the day together as a family at our local conservation area. The place was humming and buzzing with life! It was a noisy symphony of croaks and birdsong, chattering squirrels, honking geese, insects and more. What a glorious treat for the ears!
We were able to get very close to a pair of swans, who looked at us calmly and went about feeding on the bottom of the creek. The kids watched the swans for some time, then realised that there were bullfrogs croaking very loudly right behind them!
Lynden spotted dozens of very large – HUGE! – frogs sunbathing along the water's edge. We photographed at least 14 of them within the span of a few feet. For a boy who loves amphibians almost as much as he loves dinosaurs, this was extremely exciting.
This is Echo's first Spring, and her first time really experiencing the wonders of the wild world. She was as excited about the frogs as Lynden was, and tried repeatedly to catch one. Of course, before she got anywhere near close enough to grab a frog, every last one had jumped far out of reach into the water (which only served to make Echo even more excited!).
Frogs were not the only exciting creatures to be found. Lynden discovered many snakes along the way, some at the water's edge who were obviously after the frogs, and some in sunny spots along the edge of the trail. Imagine his delight when he quietly approached a sun-bathing garter snake and got close enough to stroke his fingers down its back before it slid away!
We came across a tree growing some lovely fungi on its trunk, and the children decided that this must be a gnome's ladder – perfect for a wee person to climb.
Indeed, it was a perfect day, a perfect Spring Equinox. We all felt so free, being outside without coats, without leggings, without hats & gloves. My heart soared as I watched my children run amongst the trees, laughing and discovering, slowing down to marvel over little miracles of Nature.
Somehow I didn't end up with any photos of Robin, who is old enough this year to run and discover with the bigger kids, and to whom everything is so very fresh and new, never before experienced. He was totally amazed by everything he came across, and marched along with such purpose and pride. It was a joy to watch him, blossoming into a big kid.
Happy Spring to you, my dear readers. I hope you are enjoying your days as thoroughly as we are, for life is so very beautiful.


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Vincent Harding: Let Us Dance
Dear Friends,
This letter emerges out of a very special moment in my own life. Not long ago (July 25, 2011, to be exact) I experienced the magnificent joy of reaching my 80th birthday. As I considered my life—and all of you who have shared so many of our ongoing struggles toward "a more perfect union,"—I felt a profound and beautiful sense of bestowal. Ever since my Harlem childhood church days I have been taught that gifts were meant to be shared. So it seemed only natural to reach out to you and share this great experience of beneficence.
Among the many examples of the encouraging gifts that I wanted to open to you, one of them comes from an experience that occurred in the days just prior to my birthday. On the evening of July 23 (one day after my brother, Danny Glover's birthday) I sat outside on a sprawling Denver lawn with nearly 2000 other persons in a magnificent escape from our city's version of the American summer furnace. But we were not simply escaping, we were drawn together by the extraordinary power of one of Denver's great contributions to the world, the Cleo Parker Robinson Dance Company.
For the second successive year Cleo's company, an amazingly gifted group of predominantly African-American, multi-racial dancers and drummers, had invited a dozen varied dance organizations from around the Denver metropolitan area to participate in "The Mile High Dance Festival."
For several reasons, the night was significant for me. Not only did my magnificent sister, Cleo, try to lead the crowd in a Stevie Wonder "Happy Birthday" song to me. More importantly, I saw again the social and creative genius of this woman, her gifted company and her marvelous family. Child of an interracial marriage (at a time when that could be a dangerous choice in America), over the last 41 years Cleo has continued to ground herself and her company in the great musical creativity of America's black communities. And from that deep and solid base she has continued, unfalteringly to reach out to the rest of America, lovingly, graciously inviting them onto the powerful ground that her choreographic genius and her humane giftedness have created. On Saturday night, July 23, that rich reality was palpable, and I loved it. It was a great gift.
Significantly enough, the beauty of the setting Cleo created was not focused in the work of her company. True to the generosity of her spirit, her company was scheduled last among the 12 groups of performers. But something else was at work that night at the Dance Amphitheater where we gathered next to her company's educational building. By the time the first 5 or 6 hundred members of the audience had gathered on the lawn, and from that point on, it was clear that this was an endeavor unlike any other likely to be seen in Denver (or in most other American locations) at this time in history. The variety of people who were streaming into the outside space was remarkable. It appeared to me (and to others I checked with) that the racial/ethnic make-up of the gathering was approximately 40-50 percent Anglo (our local term for "white") and 50-60 percent people of color, every possible shade of color. It was a beautiful kaleidoscope, and I wondered if others were just inhaling it in the way I was, giving thanks to the Creator for such magnificent testimony to the variety of human life. What was also obvious was the sprawling presence of children, everywhere, all kinds, all ages, in all possible ways of being and acting.
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Throughout the night my eyes were practically glued on the children when I was not looking at the great variety and creativity of the many dance styles performed on the stage. Most often, the children were watching, carefully, almost seeming to study the performances. In some times and situations that night, younger children would stand up in their places and mimic the movements being acted out before them. I thought about, wondered about, what they were seeing, learning, feeling. And my heart was tempted to sink when I thought about all the so-called educational institutions who say they cannot afford to make it possible for children to engage in this most human activity in the course of their schooling. But I refused to give in to the despair and instead gave thanks for Cleo and all her co-creators around the city and the world. I saw them teaching the children, learning from the children, opening great spaces for the children to dance and breathe and live. And I knew that any education for a humane community must open spaces for the children to dance and dream, the way I watched them on that evening at the Amphitheater. I knew we must ultimately open spaces for the children to discover each other, dancing, walking, jumping, singing—or just finding wonderful ways to enjoy and engage each other.
I took all this experience with the children as a magnificent Saturday night birthday gift. Now I am happy to share it with you and your children, our children, all of them, everywhere—from Denver to Afghanistan. Let them, let us, dance toward life.
In hope and struggle,
Vincent Harding
A movement to put children's rights at the center of our collective decisions is taking hold—and it's good news for adults, too.
The Secretary of Education isn't the only one who thinks so. Behind the growing movement for social and emotional learning.


text: The National Assn. of Broadcasters will induct Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully into the org's Broadcasting Hall of Fame.Scully, who joined the Brooklyn Dodgers' broadcast team in 1950, followed the team to L.A. before the start of the 1958 season. As the only current broadcaster to serve a team for 59 consecutive years, Scully has also announced 25 World Series and 12 All-Star Games. The induction will be held during the NAB Show Radio Luncheon April 21 in Las Vegas. The NAB Show runs April 18-23. The luncheon will also feature the NAB Crystal Radio kudos.


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Aggie uniforms redesigned by Chick-fil-A cows are, sadly, fake
A set of alternate Texas A&M football uniforms is making the rounds just in time for next week's Chick-fil-A Bowl in Atlanta.
Too bad they're fake.
The Aggies are playing the Duke Blue Devils in the Chick-fil-A Bowl on New Year's Eve at the Georgia Dome.
The Chick-fil-A uniforms, complete with cow spots and chicken sandwich gloves aren't real, but considering all of the things that A&M and other high-profile college football teams have done to spice up their uniforms this year, it's not too far-fetched to think Johnny Manziel wouldn't step onto the field wearing these togs.
The team has already worn "Dark Onyx" unis this season and made a few helmet changes as the season progressed.
College sports blog Good Bull Hunting decided to have some fun with the Chick-fil-A sponsorship. The cleats, saluting the chicken chain's variety of dipping sauces was a nice touch.
Hopefully they will be serving lemonade on the sidelines during the game. Maybe after every touchdown he scores, Johnny Football can tell the Blue Devils it was his pleasure scoring on them.


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Former University of Colorado athletic director Mike Bohn was blindsided by Chancellor Phil DiStefano when he was called to DiStefano's office Thursday for an impromptu meeting in which he was informed the school was firing him, multiple sources told the Daily Camera.
DiStefano handed Bohn a letter notifying him of the decision. It said, in part, that Bohn had "materially failed" in his duties as athletic director. On Tuesday, the school issued a press release saying it had accepted Bohn's resignation and mentioned nothing about firing him.
While the school has given no specific reason for the breakup with Bohn, the well-documented struggles of the football program, continued athletic department financial problems, little
progress in fundraising and conflicting leadership styles with his bosses are believed to be the core issues that led to Bohn being forced out.
The school and Bohn are finalizing details of a separation agreement that will pay Bohn more than $900,000 for the final three years of his contract, which runs into 2017. Sources said there were no violations of university policies, NCAA rules violations or unethical conduct of any kind that led to Bohn's departure.
Bohn, who grew up in Boulder, attended Boulder High School and played football and baseball at Kansas, sent a letter to athletic department staff members late Tuesday in which he confirmed his resignation.
"Regrettably, I am resigning as Athletic Director effective immediately," Bohn wrote. "I believe it is best given the current circumstances. They want to go in a different direction and that is their prerogative. This is a very disappointing, troubling and shocking development as we have made so much progress together over the past 8 years.
"I want to ensure you know, as my official separation agreement states, that I have not engaged in any impropriety, NCAA rule violations, university policy violation or any immoral, dishonest, or other sort of misconduct."
CU President Bruce Benson issued a statement supporting DiStefano's decision, but not all members of the university leadership seemed to agree with the choice.
"I am a big fan of Mike Bohn and I am sorry to see him go," CU Board of Regents chair Michael Carrigan said.
DiStefano named CU senior women's administrator Ceal Barry interim athletic director Tuesday evening. Barry, who was a legendary women's basketball coach for the school, is the first woman to serve as athletic director in CU history. Barry is expected to be a candidate to become the sixth fulltime athletic director in CU history if she has interest in the job.
Bohn's resignation takes effect June 3, but his days leading the CU athletic department essentially came to an end Tuesday. Bohn did not make any public comments Tuesday. DiStefano issued a statement and scheduled a press conference today at 4:30 at Regent Hall on campus.
"Mike Bohn led CU-Boulder athletics in a time of great transition and change," DiStefano said his statement. "We are grateful to him for his vision, passion and commitment, and for his key role in revitalizing men's and women's basketball, helping us to join the Pac-12 Conference, and in taking important steps to upgrade athletic facilities at CU-Boulder. We wish him well."
While the football program reached its lowest point in the modern era last season being led by a man Bohn hired, he enjoyed many successes during his tenure at CU, which began in April 2005 when he was hired away from San Diego State.
Bohn's biggest success was leading the school in its conference switch from the Big-12 to the Pac-10 in 2010.
Bohn helped rebuild two basketball programs, both of which were nationally ranked for at least a portion of last season and advanced to the NCAA Tournament. He created the popular Pearl Street Stampede pep rallies on Friday nights in downtown Boulder in the fall.
While fundraising struggles played a part in his departure, Bohn actually achieved more success in that area than any previous athletic director in CU history. He was responsible for raising the funding for the multipurpose practice bubble, increasing corporate sponsorships to record levels and led the effort to build the practice facility and new locker rooms and other amenities at the Coors Events Center.
Men's basketball coach Tad Boyle was hired by Bohn three years ago and has used those improvements to lead the program to new heights.
"I was shocked, I think like a lot of people were, and surprised," Boyle said Tuesday night of hearing the news of Bohn's departure. "The thing I love about Mike Bohn is his passion for the university and the job he had for eight years. It came through loud and clear every day. He's the guy that hired me and for that I am forever grateful. I'm obviously very loyal to him."
Boyle also made it clear that he believes there is plenty of blame to go around when it comes to the level of support CU's athletic programs receive.
"All constituents of the University of Colorado have to get over their trust or distrust of certain employees," Boyle said. "It shouldn't be as important as their love for the university.
"I think there is a lot of people who like to point to a coach they like or don't like or an athletic director or an administrator as a reason for not being more involved. For us to be successful, that has to go away and the love for the university has to be the most important thing. I've been at other universities where it's like that and that's where we need to go."
The school will form a search committee to hunt for Bohn's successor.
Click on any photo to see full gallery ___


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Critical AcclaimAll Vintages
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Within the Napa Valley lie many smaller sub-AVAs that lend even more character specifics to the wines. Furthest south is Carneros, followed by Yountville, Oakville & Rutherford. Above those two are St.-Helena and the valley's newest AVA, Calistoga. These areas are situated on the valley floor and are known for creating rich, smooth Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Chardonnay. There are a few mountain regions as well, nestled on the slopes overlooking the valley AVAs. Those include Howell Mountain, Stags Leap District, and Mt. Veeder. Wines from the mountain regions are often more structured and firm, benefiting from more time in the bottle to evolve and soften.
A noble variety bestowed with both power and concentration, Cabernet Sauvignon is sometimes referred to as the "king" of red grapes. It can be somewhat unapproachable early in its youth but has the potential to age beautifully, with the ability to last fifty years or more at its best. Small berries and tough skins provide its trademark firm tannic grip, while high acidity helps to keep the wine fresh for decades. Cabernet Sauvignon flourishes in temperate climates like Bordeaux's Medoc region (and in St-Emillion and Pomerol, where it plays a supporting role to Merlot). The top Médoc producers use Cabernet Sauvignon for their wine's backbone, blending it with Merlot and smaller amounts of Cabernet Franc, Malbec, and/or Petit Verdot. On its own, Cabernet Sauvignon has enjoyed great success throughout the world, particularly in the Napa Valley, and is responsible for some of the world's most prestigious and sought-after "cult" wines.
In the Glass
High in color, tannin, and extract, Cabernet Sauvignon expresses notes of blackberry, cassis, plum, currant, spice, and tobacco. In Bordeaux and elsewhere in the Old World you'll find the more earthy, tannic side of Cabernet, where it's typically blended to soften tannins and add complexity. In warmer regions like California and Australia, you can typically expect more ripe fruit flavors upfront.
Perfect Pairings
Cabernet Sauvignon is right at home with rich, intense meat dishes—beef, lamb, and venison, in particular—where its opulent fruit and decisive tannins make an equal match to the dense protein of the meat. With a mature Cabernet, opt for tender, slow-cooked meat dishes.
Sommelier Secrets
Despite the modern importance and ubiquity of Cabernet Sauvignon, it is actually a relatively young variety. In 1997, DNA revealed the grape to be a spontaneous crossing of Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc which took place in 17th century southwestern France.


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It was difficult to say which implosion was harder to watch Sunday.
Was it Adam Scott's final four holes (all bogeys) in the British Open or Jon Lester's first two innings (9 runs, 6 hits, 3 homers, 3 walks, 1 wild pitch on 55 pitches) in a 15-7 loss to the Toronto Blue Jays at Fenway Park?
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This cardstock has a really rich, quality feel to it. There is a lot of texture, but not so much that it interferes with clear printing on the computer. It is a little bumpy for a fine-tip journaling pen, but since that's not what I wanted it for, it's fine.
Love this texture! So easy to write on with a pen when other textures can be difficult. This is my favorite piece of cardstock right now... for texture, color, weight, everything. Just love this!
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Bazzill Orange Peel in White is my go-to paper for scrapbook pages, cards, and printing. I always keep it on hand! Great weight, consistent texture, takes ink and stamps well - it's the best!


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Maxam Gold Corporation, Inc. CEO, Charles Langrill Exclusive Interview on StockTradersTalk.com
Feb 12, 2013, 01:36 EST
NEW YORK, Feb. 12, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Maxam Gold Corporation, Inc. (OTCPINK:MXAM) Maxam Gold Corporation a gold mining property development company with interests in Nicaragua will be a featured guest in an exclusive interview tonight at 8pm EST.
The interview will be held on February 12, 2013 at 8:00 pm EST. An archived recorded version can be found on the homepage of Stock Traders Talk at www.stocktraderstalk.com, following the interview.
This interview will discuss Maxam Gold Corporation's plans in Managua starting with a joint venture for buying gold from the indigenous people of Nicaragua. We'll discuss plans for equipment to modernize the concessions with mills, processing and modern earth moving equipment. Pembina Limitada and wholly owned subsidiary of Maxam Gold Corporation has all of the required permits and licenses to explore, excavate, develop and export gold from the concessions.
Maxam has been focused on trying to acquire only those properties that were most economically feasible, and that were quick to develop or upgrade. Maxam believes it has found that in its acquisition of Pembina Limitada. Most gold mining projects in the US are just that, projects. It can take considerable amounts of time to get a full scale commercial operation up and running. The company's Nicaragua mining concessions, are easily accessible. They require no chemical leaching or processing, so this keeps initial capitalization costs down as well as cost of production, with a lesser impact to the environment.
In an earlier press release, the company stated, "Preliminary testing has shown confirmed reserves in excess of 80,000 troy ounces of gold to date, and more than two million additional troy ounces possible. In addition, there are 800,000 metric tons of tailings containing 4 grams of gold per metric ton. This equals 3,200,000 grams or 102,894 troy ounces of gold, which at today's prices represents $166,894,000 just in tailings. These tailings are easily accessible and can be processed immediately after the mill upgrade is complete." If the company can keep attaining its milestones, it was said that, "Maxam Gold Corporation and Pembina Limitada S.A. have committed to have these concessions in production this year, with a bottom line profitability of $3,896,000 by year-end."
About StockTradersTalk:
StockTradersTalk specializes in radio interviews, and believes that when a CEO has the ability to demonstrate their passion, and personally cover talking points for their company it serves as the ultimate delivery platform. Press Releases have value, however, they lack the effectiveness of a webcast in helping a CEO connect with both current and potential shareholders on a personal level.
Stock Traders Talk Radio is an uncensored, comprehensive approach to disseminating vital facts about public companies trading on the OTC Markets.
About Maxam Gold Corporation:
Based in Nevada, Maxam Gold Corporation is a leading gold mining and development company with claims in Nicaragua. Maxam Gold Corporation was formed in 1975 and has been involved in the mining and exploration of gold since 1985. Recently the Company purchased Pembina Limitada S.A., a Nicaraguan Gold Mining Corporation. This acquisition, along with the rise in gold prices and demand of gold has revitalized the company. Its policy of acquiring gold properties through acquisitions of gold production companies will allow Maxam Gold to expand the production and profitability of its current operations.
Maxam Gold Corporation
Charles Langrill, CEO
Stock Traders Talk
Peter J. Nicosia - Director of Marketing
Tel#: 561-228-1692
Safe Harbor Statement
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements are based on the current plans and expectations of management and are subject to a number of uncertainties and risks that could significantly affect the company's current plans and expectations, as well as future results of operations and financial condition. A more extensive listing of risks and factors that may affect the company's business prospects and cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found in the reports and other documents filed by the company with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
SOURCE Maxam Gold Corporation, Inc.


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Any skilled designer knows that selecting the perfect white paint is anything but simple. What's a seemingly basic element — the essence of simplicity — proves to be one of the most complex decisions with hundreds of possibilities. We asked 11 decorators to share their tried-and-true favorites when it comes to this dynamic shade of nothing.
Who: Eric Cohler
What: China White, RMI-74, Benajmin Moore
Why: "It seldom fails me, no matter where in the country I use it. It doesn't break green or pink, even in strange San Francisco light. When held up against pure white it has an off-white or greige appearance, but on its own, it holds up as true white — but with a little more body. And make sure you get it in low-VOC or no-VOC."
Who: Brad Ford
What: All White, No. 2005, Farrow & Ball
Why: "It's like a good friend. Easy to be around, dependable, and it makes you and all the things around you look terrific. It stays consistent in any light, but in the afternoon, it can really make a room feel like it's glowing. And while it works for any room, it's especially nice for a space with great artwork."
Who: Elizabeth Martin
What: Cotton, C2-320 W, C2 Paint
Why: "White is not a shy color — it makes everything placed in its path come forward. And "Cotton" by C2 is the softest of whites, with a touch of yellow as its undertone. It's the perfect backdrop to enhance wood and I especially love it in bedrooms: It makes skin sparkle."
Who: Elaine Griffin
What: Honeymilk, 7003-4, Valspar
Why: "Getting white paint right can be a daunting proposition. Your best bet is a kinder, warmer white that has just a hint of gray or beige in it. Honeymilk is a soft white that's great for walls. I've used it in a gazillion rooms and have never been disappointed."
Who: Alessandra Branca
What: Lily of the Vally, 905,Benjamin Moore
Why: "I found this color more than 20 years ago when I wanted a really great, warm white for trim, and it has been my standby ever since. It works well in rooms that get a lot of light and also in those that need it. I especially love this color for kitchens because it is warmer than your typical kitchen white."
Who: Katie Ridder
What: Paper White, OC-55, Benjamin Moore (shown in photo at left)
Why: "I use it in kitchens and bathrooms because it melds the grays of Carrara marble and the stark white of sinks and toilets."
Who: Kara Mann
What: Great White, No. 2006 Farrow & Ball
Why: "It's a white with character, and it's anything but sterile. Great White works best in natural light, particularly in the morning when fresh, warm tones peek in. Throughout the day, it changes color ever so slightly — from white to not-quite-gray; a great backdrop for calming neutrals or dynamic jewel-tone fabrics.
Who: Jeff Andrews
What: Decorator's White, CC-20, Benjamin Moore
Why: "I love this white for ceilings and woodwork, or in any room where I want a bright, clean white. It works well in all applications and with every kind of light source. Some whites can be cold and slightly blue, while others can have a creamy, yellow tone, but Decorator's White is a true white that is both warm and modern. It's been my go-to paint for years."
Who: Anne Maxwell Foster & Suysel dePedro Cunningham, Tilton Fenwick
What: Pointing, No. 2003, Farrow & Ball
Why: "It is the perfect ivory for almost every setting — not too bright and not too creamy. We're all about striking that balance. It's proven itself in both a sun-drenched farmhouse living room and a one-windowed New York City bedroom. It always provides a clean backdrop for showcasing colorful artwork or furniture."
Who: Frank Roop
What: White Wisp, OC-054, Benjamin Moore
Why: "It's a tinted white with a hint of gray-green, but it reads as bright white. I like to use it on the trim trim for cool-colored walls. I use quite a bit of wall coverings in hemp cloth and other natural materials. White Wisp as a trim makes many of these papers look crisp."
Who: Darryl Carter
What: Huntington White, DC-02, Benjamin Moore , to launch in October
Why: "I discovered my favorite, Huntington White, through much trial and error while working on my line of paint for Benjamin Moore — debuting this October. It's pleasingly chameleon-like. It saturates and radiates consistently, where many whites are inconsistent and change appearance during different times of day. It's a very warm white, which I like to use in modern settings."
This article originally appeared on ELLEDECOR.com
From: ELLE Decor US


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Ibsen's Secrets
Ibsen, the Norwegian, the surly and stubborn inflamer of the sensibilities of Europe in the last half of the nineteenth century. The explosion of his arrival was in every way louder and more impressive than that of Strindberg and Chekhov, who were roughly his coevals. In a state of despair and disaffection, he moved away from Norway, moved to Dresden and to Rome, there to live in hotels, to receive honors, and to write his plays in the language of his poor country of fishing fleets and timber, the language of the sparsely populated little democracy that anxiously swayed between liberating ideas and the backward tug of local pieties.
A century has passed over the work and it is still "modern drama," if a drama with a good many burdens that defy, in their peculiarity, fresh and "modernizing" interpretations. There is nothing new to be done with the Nordic embarrassments of a too handy and proclaiming symbolic gesture. Ibsen's language, in English translation at least, seems often determined upon an explicitness without pause for the incongruities and tensions of speech. In the prose plays, the poetic insertions incline to attach themselves to spectacles of landscape, often the unfortunately available mountaintop. Some characters, especially those given to the steady drumming out of a single idea, are difficult to nudge from their perch by analysis or performance inspirations. Most of the monotones are men: Pastor Manders, Gregers Werle, Rosmer and his clerical innocence. Hedda Gabler is the one absolute masterpiece, a stunning concentration of tone and intention, free of the intrusiveness of instruction and windswept resolution.
How often the prose plays float above a subtemperate zone of resentment and grievance, those defining, cunning emotions, patient perhaps, but never idle. They are, you might say, the trap set by the ensnared. The source or occasion of the grievance has, most often, occurred before the play begins. The occasion is a secret to be revealed by the plot, by the one bearing the rancor, bearing it in a hidden but nevertheless lively manner animated by strategy and plans for a final accounting. Resentment is a left-handed instrument of power—and a role of some variousness, a path rich with alleyways and corners that can obstruct forward-moving intentions.
Ibsen was not interested in the resentment of disgruntled classes. He appears from his biography rather too self-reliant for the large abstractions of the reforming spirit. What he is drawn to is issues, localized and particular. Even in the plays about civic corruption, about "floating coffins" and poisoned spa waters, he individualizes the conflict as hypocrisy and cravenness. Nora in A Doll House is the most general of his social statements.
A secret is most impugning and threatening when it concerns someone, usually a man, who has position and esteem. Ibsen found the phrase "pillars of society" early in his shift from poetic to prose drama and there is no doubt he understood the temptation to default among the ambitious and privileged provincials. He saw it as…
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It's not over until it's over
Lacrosse championships poised to provide big excitement
Yogi Berra's "it ain't over til it's over" certainly applied during a fantastic two days of lacrosse last weekend.
A goal by David Lawson with just over two minutes remaining lifted Duke to a 12-11 win over Notre Dame. Denver beat North Carolina by a similar count, rallying from an early 6-0 deficit. Syracuse scored three goals in the final three minutes to get by Yale, 7-6.
Syracuse veteran head coach John Desko summed up another victory in May, "any win this time of year is a great win."
All three come-from-behind victories came during the quarterfinals of the 2013 NCAA Division I Lacrosse Championships. Denver, Duke, and Syracuse join Cornell for this weekend's semifinals and finals in Philadelphia at Lincoln Financial Field.
Cornell, who has outscored two tournament opponents, 32-14, meets Duke at 2:30 p.m. (ET) with Syracuse and Denver facing off at 5 p.m. The fight for the 2013 championship is Monday at 1 p.m.
One thing is certain: any of the four could be crowned national champion.
Syracuse, the top seed, brings a 15-3 mark to Philadelphia. Desko's squad opened the 16-team tournament with a 12-7 win against Bryant. The Orange, making its 32nd NCAA appearance, trailed 4-0 before rallying behind redshirt-freshman Dylan Donahoe's four goals. Against Yale, Donahue scored off a pass from senior JoJo Marasco with thirteen seconds showing to give the Orange its sixth one-goal win of the season.
Playing for championships is nothing new to Desko and the Orange. The program won its 10th title in 2009. Syracuse also claimed back-to-back trophies in 2008 and 2009. This weekend, however, marks the first trip to the semifinals for the senior class.
"We haven't talked about it much to the team as a coaching staff, but they have talked about [getting back to the semifinals] as a group and individually, especially the seniors," said Desko. "They have been very strong leaders all year long, on and off the field in making good decisions. They have used it as an incentive; they wanted to leave their own legacy as seniors in the 2013 season.
"These guys grew up and decided to come to Syracuse for opportunities like this."
"We can't be satisfied a team," said defender Brian Megill. "We have one goal in mind right now and it's the next game. We want to get to the championship."
Marasco's 58 points lead the team. Derek Maltz and Luke Cometti have each tallied 30 goals. Dominic Lamolinara has started 13 games in goal, recording a handful of massive saves and breaking up one final attempt against Yale in the quarterfinals.
Syracuse lost to Duke in the first round of the 2012 championships.
On the opposite sideline of Desko will be friend and rival Bill Tierney, longtime Princeton coach who has now taken the Denver program to two semifinals in three seasons. Two seasons ago, the Pioneers lost to eventual champion Virginia in the NCAA semifinals. Tierney's status at Princeton borders on legend, leading the Tigers to six NCAA titles. In July of 2006 he took his talents to Denver.
"I think one of the things that hurt us last time we made the NCAA semifinal was that I had championship experience and the players didn't," said Tierney. "I was trying to get them to understand things that you can't understand until you experience them. We're more experienced now. Our juniors and seniors have been there before, and they know what they need to do."
Denver (14-4) opened the tournament with a 19-14 shootout win against Albany. Last weekend, things looked bleak early, but senior Eric Law scored with 13 seconds left for a 12-11 win. After giving up six scores in the opening 10 minutes, Pioneer goalie Jamie Faus held UNC to five goals during the final 50 minutes of the contest. Law's 75 points ranks among the nation's best, along with sophomore Wes Berg and his 56 goals. Denver ranks fifth in the country at 12.7 goals per game.
The other semifinal, Duke and Cornell, features two of the top three offenses in the country. The Big Red (14-3) opens the weekend in search of the program's first NCAA title since 1977. Rob DeLuca's squad drilled Maryland, 16-8, in the first round; last weekend Ohio State was not match in a 16-6 rout. Senior Steven Mock, whose 59 goals lead the nation, scored an NCAA tournament-record seven goals against the Buckeyes. Senior Rob Pannell, who has 42 goals and 95 points, had eight points in the quarterfinal win. Pannell enters Saturday with 347 career points, six behind former Duke star Matt Danowski for the top spot on the NCAA all-time list.
"We know that we are the underdog once again," said DeLuca. "(Duke) has great athletes up and down the field, we are going to have our hands full. But we are OK with that role, with that moniker because we are coming in with a great amount of confidence."
Duke (14-5) has taken Berra's saying literally this postseason. The Blue Devils opened the NCAA championships with a double-overtime victory against 2012 champion Loyola (Md.). Freshman Case Matheis' goal provided the victory and pushed Duke to the quarterfinals.
Against second-seeded Notre Dame last weekend in Indianapolis, Lawson scored five goals and Jordan Wolf had four assists in one of the best games of the season. Wolf enters this weekend with 74 points and 49 goals.
Duke and seventh-year head coach Jon Danowski will participate in the NCAA semifinals for a seventh consecutive season.
"We try not to think about that," Lawson said of the semifinals streak. "You try not to get nervous about being the first team not to get to a [national semifinals] under Coach Danowski. But we're obviously very happy about it."
Topping last weekend's emotion-filled quarterfinals will be difficult.
Can Duke give Dankowski a second title in seven years?
Will tradition-rich Syracuse add to its legacy?
Can a legend at Princeton start a new dynasty far away from the East Coast?
Will the Ivy Leaguers hoist the trophy for the first time since the Jimmy Carter administration?
Stay tuned.
Also in Philly
Division II's top-seeded and unbeaten Mercyhurst brings two consecutive one-point, overtime victories into the title game against Le Moyne. Like many of their Division I brethren, the Lakers rallied late, scoring twice to erase a 17-15 deficit in the final minutes of a semifinal win against Limestone. Deven Alves scored the winner in overtime. Zac Reid scored seven goals to lead Mercyhurst, who also survived a first round challenge with Erie College when Brady Heseltine scored an overtime goal, his 37th of 2013, for a 10-9 victory.
Le Moyne, the third seed, has taken a similar path. Andrew Chadderdon scored early in overtime to give the Dolphins a 9-8 win against LIU-post in the first round. Chadderdon added five goals in a 16-13 semifinal win against Adelphi that pushed Le Moyne to the DII title game for the seventh time in 10 seasons. In 2006, Le Moyne won the NCAA title in Philadelphia.
The Division III championship pits Rochester Institute (19-2) against Stevenson (21-2), who ended Salisbury's two-year reign in the semifinals with a 12-6 victory. RIT beat top-seeded and previously unbeaten Cortland State, 10-9, in a semifinal that required overtime.
Stevenson beat RIT in overtime during the regular season.
Division I, II and II comebacks … overtime … down-to-the-wire affairs. Expect Yogi Berra and his famous saying to be heard around Franklin Field this weekend.


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Harpa, Reykjavik concert hall and conference centre, will open on 4 May 2011
Building nearing completion
On 29 June 2010 Pétur J. Eiríksson, chairman of Portus announced that the official opening of Harpa concert hall and opening concert by the Iceland Symphony Orchestra would take place on 4 May 2011. The opening concert will be conducted by Vladimir Ashkenazy. On 14 May 2011, Harpa will stage a grand opening program featuring a diverse range of music events and many of Iceland's most prominent musicians. This program will be broadcast live on Icelandic National television.
Designed by Henning Larsen Architects with acoustics by Artec Consultants Inc and a façade by Olafur Eliasson in collaboration with the architects. Harpa is to become home to the Iceland Symphony Orchestra and the Icelandic Opera, and thus a major addition to the Icelandic and European cultural scene. It will also serve as a tourism and business hub, providing flexible facilities for programs and international events. The façade was designed by Olafur Eliasson in collaboration with Henning Larsen Architects. With acoustics conceived by Artec Consultants Inc, one of the most reputable experts in the field, and equipped with the most technologically advanced sound, staging and presentation systems also designed by Artec, the 28,000 square-meter (301,000 square-feet) complex will be a striking landmark in the redevelopment of the historic harbour and waterfront area, and a symbol of the country's renewed dynamism. Henning Larsen Architects also consulted with Batteríið Architects to conceive the building. The main contractor is ÍAV.
Harpa is expected to become a hub in the city's vibrant music scene and to attract an audience of culture, architecture, and art enthusiasts as well as major international business and trade events. Based on a cooperative model, it will allow for a mix of large conventions, receptions, concerts, exhibitions and public programs that can all happen simultaneously. It will also be home to restaurants with direct views across the harbour.


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Roger Penske has won more Indianapolis 500 poles and races than any owner in history.
Yet his team still runs into its share of bad luck.
A year ago at Indy, Will Power was collected in the race's first crash and a bouncing wheel wound up hitting the car of his teammate, Helio Castroneves. In an instant, the chances of two of Team Penske's three drivers winning the race took a major hit.
The year before, Power left the pits without a left rear tire, forcing him back to pit row. Penske's most competitive driver that year, Ryan Briscoe, wound up hitting the wall with 42 laps left when Townsend Bell didn't see the car next to him.
It happens.
"Last year was a little frustrating because they were changing the rules on the turbo in midseason and we could have been much better. The year before, we didn't quite get it right, so it was a kick in the butt," said Castroneves, the first foreign-born three-time Indy 500 winner. "It's never easy here."
At Indy, perfection is usually rewarded with a trip to Victory Lane. Anything less might end with a trip back to Gasoline Alley.
Nobody knows that better than Penske, whose pursuit of perfection and uniformity changed IndyCar racing forever. His teams routinely practice pit stops and emphasize the need to do well in Indy's annual Carb Day pit-stop competition (and they did this year, with Castroneves' team winning), understanding that if they do well then, they should do well on race day. The rest of the IndyCar teams have followed suit.
Even Team Penske makes mistakes, though. In 1995, his team tried everything to get its cars into the starting grid. When nothing worked, Penske headed home and didn't return until 2001, when Castroneves won the race. And it's not any easier now. Over the last three years, Penske drivers have been victimized by botched pit stops, crashes and miscues, making the once unbeatable team look fallible.
"These days it's so tough to get everything right because if you want to be quick you've got to be wide open, for the most part," Power said before qualifying sixth, the outside of Row 2. "This year, there are 24 girls or guys who could win this race, could win any race."
The risks on Indy's 2.5-mile oval are much greater. There are four distinct turns, and track conditions can change at any whim Mother Nature throws out — hot or cold temperatures, windy or still conditions and especially moisture. Thirty-three drivers must contend with those dangers for three to 3½ hours at speeds regularly exceeding 215 mph and then still avoid any trouble in the pits or on the track.
Two years ago, after Target Chip Ganassi Racing's Dario Franchitti and Scott Dixon both ran out of fuel in qualifying, they miscalculated the fuel consumption on race day. Franchitti wound up fading to 12th as he tried to save fuel, while Dixon wound up fifth after stopping for a late splash of fuel. Both drivers couldn't believe their bad luck.
But nobody has had more consternation than the Andrettis.
Mario, the family patriarch, won the 500 in 1969 and never made it back. He retired after the 1994 season with a long list of reasons for his failures — everything from the pre-race crash in 1982 to a series of mechanical problems to the 1981 disputed finish, a race originally awarded to Bobby Unser, then handed to Andretti the next day before it was given back to Unser.
The Andretti curse didn't end with Mario. His son Michael led more laps than any other Indy non-winner (431) and the CART-IndyCar split cost Michael five more chances to win the 500 during the prime of his career. Mario's son finally made it to Victory Lane in 2005 as a team owner, thanks to the first Indy win for the late Dan Wheldon.
Now 26-year-old Marco is contending with the family demons. As a rookie in 2006, he was passed by Sam Hornish Jr. just before the finish line, leaving the youngest Andretti on the wrong side of another close finish. In six starts since then, Marco has qualified in the top 10 five times, finished third twice and ninth in 2011.
On Sunday, he'll start third, the outside of Indy's coveted front row still trying to get a victory that has eluded five Andretti drivers.
"I look at Indy as a championship in itself," Marco Andretti said. "Everything seems nicer here this year, but a lot can happen throughout the month. It's a very humbling business because as soon as you think things are going well, you roll out the next day and everything's different."
Race day is the same way. Anything from spectacular crashes to loose lug nuts can instantly turn a good day bad.
"That's why everyone says it's the toughest race to win," said Oriol Servia, who will start 13th, the inside of Row 5 on Sunday. "There are about seven pit stops and one thing goes wrong in there and you've got a loose part. It's hard because there are 33 cars on the track and there's debris on the track on many occasions, so most people won't get it right. Only one will."
Perhaps nobody will get it exactly right Sunday, but the lucky ones who do will be in contention at the end.
"Here, it's 500 miles so there are more than can go right," Castroneves said as he prepares to start from the No. 8 spot, the middle of Row 3. "I'm a believer that this team will do everything right."


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If you're thinking of buying this product using a cashback deal why not use the road.cc Top Cashback page and get some top cashback while helping to support your favourite independent cycling website
The Ride Pro Aquazero arm warmers are made in Italy but designed with the UK climate in mind. Super Roubaix panels are sewn into an anatomical shape with a bend in the elbow so they don't bunch up when you're on the bike. They have silicone silicone grippers top and bottom to keep them in place.
The fabric is very soft to the touch and feels nice against the skin. Its fleecy on the inside so low single figure temperatures are not a problem and they're still comfortable if the temperature does creep up mid-ride. They're light enough to easily stow away in your back pocket if the sun does come out.
The fit is spot on. The anatomical shape keeps them smooth as you bend your arms at various angles so you can keep them on all day
The water repellent coating works well. Road spray and light rain beads and when the water does finally soak through the Super Roubaix material keeps you warm so its no big issue. They're similar to Castelli Nanoflex or Sportful No-Rain armwarmers in effectiveness.
Thanks to the silicone grippers the Aquazero arm warmers stay put even on arms that lack what you'd call proper biceps. This prevents that irritating gap between bottom of jersey sleeve and top of warmer.
There is a small reflective logo on one sleeve which might just be enough to get your arm noticed in the dark when signalling but I wouldn't rely on it.
All in all the Ride Pro Aquazero arm warmers are very comfortable, warm and the water resistance is a bonus. At just £19.99 there is a lot of quality here for very little outlay. They come in medium and large sizes, and any colour you want as long as its black.
Top quality arm warmers at a cracking price. The coating gives them versatility and the fit is top notch.
road.cc test report
Make and model: Ride Pro Aquazero Arm Warmers
Size tested: Black, Large
Tell us what the product is for, and who it's aimed at. What do the manufacturers say about it? How does that compare to your own feelings about it?
Ride say they use the most technical fabrics to create comfortable, top-performing clothing. They have done a pretty good job here.
Tell us some more about the technical aspects of the product?
Anatomic cut using Super Roubaix fabric and water repellent treatment.
They look and feel very well made.
Great at temperature regulation and the water-repellent treatment does its job.
A couple of washes and plenty of hours on the bike, and they still look like new.
Comfiest arm warmers I've worn to date.
Very good considering all the features.
Tell us how the product performed overall when used for its designed purpose
Very well; the fit is good and they do what they say on the tin.
Tell us what you particularly liked about the product
The comfort.
Tell us what you particularly disliked about the product
Maybe some more colour options would be nice, but that's being picky.
Did you enjoy using the product? Yes
Would you consider buying the product? Yes
Would you recommend the product to a friend? Yes
About the tester
Age: 34 Height: 180cm Weight: 78kg
I usually ride: Genesis Flyer My best bike is: Ribble Gran Fondo
I've been riding for: 10-20 years I ride: Every day I would class myself as: Expert
I regularly do the following types of riding: time trialling, commuting, club rides, sportives, fixed/singlespeed,
Stu knocked out his first road.cc review back in 2009 and since then he's chucked the best part of seventy test bikes around the West Country, a couple of them quite literally! With three alloy and two steel bikes in his fleet he's definitely a metal man (that'll be the engineering background) but is slowly warming to that modern carbon fibre stuff along with fat tyres & disc brakes.
It's not all nostalgia though, after spending the last few years in product design Stu keeps banging on about how 3D printing is going to be the next big thing and he's a sucker for a beautiful paint job too.


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Check Trim Stretch Cotton Piqué Polo Shirt
€195.00 €195.00
€120.00 €120.00
All orders will be fulfilled by Burberry Limited and shipped from the UK. When you place your order, you accept Burberry's Terms and Conditions and confirm that you have read our Privacy Policy.
Size Guide
Use the Size Guide to choose the best fit for your measurements.
In this window, you can find out the shipping and returns options for the selected item.
In this window, you can contact customer service for further assistance.
- A classic polo shirt made from soft cotton piqué with a hint of stretch for added comfort. With pared-back details, including a hint of check at the undercollar and cuffs, it is ideal for effortless dressing.
- 98% cotton, 2% elastane
- Collar and cuffs: 48% cotton, 48% polyester, 4% elastane
- Metal button closure
- Machine wash inside out
- Imported
Item 40016621
Wear this with
Slim-fit Stretch Wool Trousers
€290.00 €475.00
Recommended Products


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North Dakota
Brown Ranch
Open to the Public
Get Directions
Why You Should Visit
The Sheyenne Delta, which encompasses Brown Ranch, was a river delta formed at the place where the Sheyenne River flowed into glacial Lake Agassiz. This lake covered the Red River Valley some 15,000 years ago. At its maximum, it was the size of the current Great Lakes. When Lake Agassiz drained after the continental glaciers receded, the sandy river sediments that made up the delta were left exposed as low rolling hills.
The current Sheyenne Delta is one of the most important native prairie landscapes left in the Upper Midwest. Because of its less productive, sandy prairie soils, much of it was never plowed for crop production. It is one of the few large blocks of grassland (369 square miles) left in the tallgrass prairie region. Although the Delta area was settled by farmers and ranchers in the 1800s, during the Dust Bowl and Depression years the federal government bought much of the area to help provide relief to struggling farmers and ranchers. Today, that land is administered by the U.S. Forest Service as the Sheyenne National Grasslands.
Brown Ranch is located on the southern edge of the Delta. Tallgrass prairie vegetation dominates the upland areas, with wetlands or wet prairies filling the lower-lying swales.
Brown Ranch is located in Ransom County about 8 miles northeast of Milnor, 13 miles northwest of Wyndmere, or 16 miles southeast of Lisbon, ND.
Plan Your Visit
For more information on visiting this and other North Dakota preserves, check out our Preserve Visitation Guidelines.
The land owned by the Conservancy at Brown Ranch is 1,531 acres. It is bordered on two sides by the Sheyenne National Grasslands administered by U.S. Forest Service and is part of the larger Sheyenne Delta landscape, nearly 236,000 acres, in a mix of private and public ownership.
What to See: Plants
The upland prairies of Brown Ranch are primarily sand prairies. On the drier areas, little bluestem, porcupine grass, and grama grass dominate the sand prairie. On slightly moister sites, sand bluestem and prairie sandreed are more common. In the still wetter swales, bluejoint, wooly sedge and wet meadow are commonly found.
The Sheyenne Delta as a whole contains about 850 of the 1,200 estimated plant species found in North Dakota. The Brown Ranch contains a quality example of the prairie portion of this flora. The rare plants found at Brown Ranch or its immediate vicinity include dune ragwort, bicknell's sunrose, upright pinweed, and northern lady-fern. The western prairie fringed orchid, federally-listed as threatened, is also found on Brown Ranch.
What to See: Animals
More than 20 species of butterflies have been identified here including the regal fritillary. The best time to see butterflies is on warm sunny days in early summer. Brown Ranch also has a resident population of greater prairie chickens. Nationally, these birds are declining in much of their range. Brown Ranch has one of the few remaining populations in North Dakota.
Why the Conservancy Selected This Site
The Conservancy identified Brown Ranch in their Northern Tallgrass Prairie Ecoregional Plan as a high priority for protection because it is an important part of the Sheyenne Delta and one of the few large examples of nearly intact native tallgrass prairie in northern tallgrass prairie ecoregion.
What the Conservancy Has Done/ Is Doing
The Conservancy purchased Brown Ranch in 2000 and has worked to restore 100 acres of disturbed prairie using prescribed fire for invasive weed control.
In addition, the Conservancy is building strong partnerships with neighboring landowners and government agencies. An example: working with the U.S. Forest Service and ranchers, the Conservancy is encouraging sustainable grazing practices to improve native species diversity, along with livestock production. The Conservancy is also restoring habitat for threatened grassland birds in the region by controlling the spread of invasive species.
Finally, the Brown Ranch is being utilized for numerous research projects by with North Dakota State University, North Dakota Parks and Recreation Department, U.S. Forest Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
The Brown Ranch and Pigeon Point map.
Canoeing the Sheyenne River, photography, bird watching, and mountain biking, hiking, and horseback riding on the North Country National Scenic Trail are some of the activities in which to participate in the area. There are no facilities available at Brown Ranch. There are supplies and gas at surrounding small towns. Bring plenty of water in the summer.
Hunting and Fishing Policy in North Dakota
If you are coming from the north, east or south, take Interstate 29 to the Colfax exit (#37), go west to Highway18, then go 2 miles south to Highway 27, then go west 8 miles to a sign pointing south to McLeod.
If you are coming from the west, take Highway 27 east from Lisbon for about 15 miles to the sign pointing south to McLeod.
To get to the Brown Ranch from McLeod, take the road (gravel road) heading west and follow it (it winds around a little, so you are heading south, but there are no other roads to turn onto) until the (2.5 miles) first 4-way intersection, turn west and go 2 miles, then turn north and go 1/10 of a mile and on the right you'll see the driveway to the house/office.
Have you been to this preserve? Are you thinking of visiting? See what others are saying about their experiences and add your comments below.
Add Your Comments
Time for you to join the discussion. Tell us about your experience at this preserve. What plants and animals did you see? When did you go? You can help others plan their visit when you share your thoughts. And thank you for visiting one of our nature preserves!comments powered by Disqus
Read our guidelines on posting comments


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Jacking someone off with a Hockey glove lathered in maple syrup.
My boyfriend and I went to Vancouver, he was too tired from the flight to go out for dinner so we ordered room service, gave each other a Canadian Handshake and went to bed.
by Spinning Jenny November 29, 2017
A Canadian Handshake is actually a reach-around. It can be done on both sexes; on a guy it's a handjob from behind, on women it's a pussy/clit fondling/fingering from behind.
"Laura sat in the back seat of the car last night just so she could see if she could give me a Canadian Handshake without anyone noticing."
by lagmeister February 04, 2008
While traveling outside of Canada, a Canadian may introduce themselves by grabbing the other person's ass, balls or vag. Most commonly used by crazy drunk Canadian girls on vacation.
Hi, my name is Nicole (said while reaching around and grabbing the waiter Jose's ass with a firm Canadian Handshake).
by Pixieeee July 08, 2010
Being the double-fisting lushes they are, a Canadian Handshake is when two Canucks greet eachother while both have a beer in each hand. In passing, they klink their cans of Labatt's Ice together and stumble on their merry way.
Terry and Ed bumped into eachother at the hockey party and gave eachother a Canadian Handshake. Terry likes men and Ed harms small forest animals.
by JesseDuplantis January 13, 2012
when you knee someone in the crotch, that, my friend, is a canadian handshake.
''john grabbed my boob, so i gave him a canadian handshake!''
by beezlebub 1776 June 17, 2007
A greeting exchanged among Canadians in which two people firmly place their hands on one another's groins and squeeze.
Ed is from Winnepeg, he might try to give you a Canadian Handshake
by Fuckyouidontcare October 22, 2015
man that chick had a firm canadian handshake
by hooray cananada May 29, 2011


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Visitors enjoy a glass of Riesling and snacks at Terroir at The Porch as the sun sets. Photo by Nicole Franzen
Nicole Franzen captured this relaxing summer moment at Terroir at The Porch, the open air café on the High Line at West 15th Street. Terroir is the perfect place to join friends for drinks and snacks at the end of the workday, with stunning views of sunsets over the Hudson River. Stop by to enjoy their extensive menu of wine, beer, and savory small plates, from 12:00 PM – 9:00 PM daily.
With temperatures cooling and days getting shorter, the fall season is upon us. High Line Food vendors will be closing as early as mid-October, so stop by soon to enjoy one last treat from our great food partners. Learn more about what's on offer.


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The following license terms describe additional use terms for this supplement. These terms and the license terms for the software apply to your use of the supplement. If there is a conflict, these supplemental license terms apply.
By using this supplement, you accept these terms. If you do not accept them, do not use this supplement.
If you comply with these license terms, you have the rights below.
- INTERNET-BASED SERVICES. Microsoft provides Internet-based services with the software. It may change or cancel them at any time.
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Related Links:
Environmental Technology Certifications
Due to the current budget shortfall for the State of California, and associated budget uncertainty, DTSC is not accepting any new applications into its Hazardous Waste Technology Certification Program. This program certified the performance of hazardous waste environmental technologies.
Information on past technology certifications can be viewed by selecting one of the links on the left navigation.


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For one easy payment of $297, you can 'uncouple' like a celebrity
If you are in a failing marriage, there is good news — you, too, can split like a celebrity.
First step, get rid of the word divorce. It is now "conscious uncoupling," thanks to Gwyneth Paltrow and former husband, Chris Martin.
Next, look up the five session, $297 course that teaches you how to separate amicably.
Katherine Woodward Thomas says on her EvolvingWisdom.com website she developed the course after her own marriage broke down after a decade. But despite the failure of her marriage, she did not feel "shattered" (though perhaps a little embarrassed because she is also the author of Calling in The One — a book about how to find your soulmate).
Her husband also was not devastated. Instead, their divorce was "an incredibly loving, caring and contained experience."
And after they had divorced, "we both quite frankly felt ready to love and be loved by someone new … we have continued to be able to experience our family not as broken, but rather as evolved and expanded."
Her ex-husband writes her "notes of gratitude for being such a gift in his life," and their daughter, she says, is doing just fine despite her parents no longer being together.
The program Thomas developed will help you "implement the keys to consciously completing your relationship," rid you of any resentment and teach you how to free yourself "from any vicious patterns that were sabotaging your love."
The program includes five 90-mminute sessions that you can download or listen to online, access to group coaching calls (that you can listen to, not call in), and course materials in the virtual classroom. There are also certified coaches who can be hired at "a discounted rate" if you need additional help.