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How To Identify And Treat Pruritic Conditions In Athletes
Pruritis, a common complaint in athletes, has many causes. In addition to the eczematous dermatoses previously discussed (see "A Closer Look At Eczematous Dermatitis In Athletes," pg. 112, February issue), one should be aware of other equally important conditions that may cause itching in athletes. These conditions include infections, parasite infestations, insect stings or bites, allergic reactions and systemic conditions. When a patient presents with a pruritic skin rash, there is often a great temptation to jump to a diagnostic conclusion of one of the eczematous dermatoses and immediately prescribe a topical corticosteroid preparation. However, it is important to obtain a thorough history of the pruritic condition and carefully observe the type and distribution of the presenting lesions. Impetigo contagiosa is a common pruritic skin infection. Although it is most common in children, it also occurs frequently among groups of individuals, such as athletes, who have an increased risk of bruising injuries and who are in close contact with each other. The infection is spread by skin to skin contact or contact with a fomite piece of athletic equipment, particularly wrestling mats. Infection is more likely to occur in skin folds and areas subject to friction such as the arms and legs. When these athletes have atopic or contact dermatitis, they have a greater risk for secondary impetiginization. This contagious superficial skin infection usually begins as a vesicular or pustular lesion that develops into exudative and crusting stages. Unless there is trauma or excoriation to the lesions, they usually heal without scarring. Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant organism isolated from impetiginous lesions. The combination of S. aureus and group A streptococcus is the next most common isolate. Staphylococcus pyogenes is less common as a causative agent with this condition. Impetigo can present in one of two classic forms, the more common superficial type and the bullous type. Superficial vesiculopurulent pyoderma or common impetigo is most prevalent during the summer months and in areas with high humidity. Lack of hygiene and crowding, which occur in athletes' locker rooms, are also predisposing factors. The typical lesion of superficial impetigo usually starts as an erythematous vesicle or papule in a traumatized area (scratch or insect bite). Then small vesicles may form and the lesion rapidly evolves to a thick, crusted lesion with a honey-color crust. When one removes the crust, the base of the lesion excretes a serous amber exudate and rapidly becomes encrusted again. These lesions are rarely painful and are often neglected for extended periods of time. Although regional lymphadenopathy is common, other systemic signs such as malaise, fever and toxic appearance are usually absent. Bullous impetigo is much less common than superficial impetigo. The characteristic lesions are thin-walled bullae that are usually less than 3 cm in diameter. These lesions are prone to easy rupture. The fluid in the blisters may be a thin, amber liquid or an opaque pus that is white or yellow. Once the blister ruptures, the erythematous base dries quickly, forming a thin and shiny surface classically referred to as a varnish-like crust. The causative bacteria is usually S. aureus.
Treating And Preventing Impetigo
Treating impetigo involves the use of both topical and systemic antibiotics. Mupirocin 2% ointment is the most effective topical agent. One should clean the lesions with soap and water or peroxide before applying the ointment and a dry dressing. Multiple lesions often require oral antibiotics such as cefadroxil, cephalexin, dicloxacillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate or erythromycin. However, keep in mind that streptococcal species are showing increased resistance to erythromycin. Prevention of impetigo is paramount in athletes. Cleanliness and proper treatment of superficial skin injuries is paramount. Other methods of prevention and thwarting the spread of impetigo include good personal hygiene, and meticulous cleaning of wrestling mats and other equipment with antiseptic agents. Due to the infectious nature of impetigo, the lesions should be clear of crusting before athletic participation is allowed.
How To Handle Erythrasma
Three similarly presenting pruritic skin infections of the foot include erythrasma, tinea pedis and candidiasis. They are caused by either a bacterial, fungal or yeast-like fungal organism, respectively. Erythrasma is a bacterial infection involving the toe web area. This condition is frequently confused with fungal and candidal infections. The invading organism is Corynebacterium minutissimum. Predisposing factors include humidity, hyperhydrosis, heat, obesity and poor foot hygiene. This condition usually involves the third and fourth toe web spaces. Painful longitudinal fissures may occur in advanced cases. Erythrasma differs from fungal infections in that it has no advancing borders, is uniformly reddish brown and scaly, and fluoresces bright coral-red with Wood's light. Treatment involves extensive washing of the involved area with antibacterial soap and thorough drying after each wash. Topical 2% erythromycin solution is curative when patients apply it daily. In severe cases, it may be necessary to prescribe oral erythromycin 1 gram daily for seven days.
Understanding The Various Types Of Tinea Pedis
Tinea pedis presents as a dry, often pruritic, erythematous scaling of the soles. In severe cases, macerated, erosive or bullous lesions develop in the web spaces. Bacterial superinfection is common. One may confuse blistering (vesicular) tinea with contact dermatitis or dyshydrotic eczema. Tinea pedis is caused by a number of different fungi, most commonly Trichophyton rubra, Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The single most important test for diagnosing tinea pedis is direct visualization under the microscope of branching hyphae in keratinized material on the KOH wet mount preparation slide. The three most common variants of tinea pedis one sees in athletes include the acute vesicular type, the chronic papulosquamous pattern and the chronic interdigital form. Acute vesicular tinea pedis usually begins in the arch and leads to pruritic inflammation, which may be severe. Vesicles and blisters are common and may spread from the arch to the sides of the foot. This variant may be inactive during the cooler months with severe exacerbation during warmer or wetter months. The most common fungus cultured is T. mentagrophytes. Occasionally, one may encounter Epidermophyton floccosum. Treatment with most topical antifungal creams is usually effective. Chronic papulosquamous tinea pedis is the most common variant of dermatophyte infection of the foot. A moccasin-type distribution on the foot consists of a dry, thick scale on the sole and sides of the foot. This infection is most commonly caused by T. rubrum. The hands may be similarly infected but it is very uncommon for both hands and both feet to show involvement. The common pattern is for both feet and one hand to be infected. Topical treatment of chronic tinea pedis alone may not be sufficient to treat the more tenacious infections. A combination of local skin care, topical antifungal agents and systemic antifungal agents may be necessary to eradicate the condition. A topical corticosteroid may also be indicated to resolve the accompanying acute pruritis. Unfortunately, reappearance of the infection is common after stopping the therapy program. Chronic interdigital tinea pedis usually starts in the toe web spaces and is characterized by scaling, maceration and itching. The infection commonly spreads from the interdigital web spaces to across the subdigital areas. T. mentagrophytes is commonly isolated from cultures from the interdigital web spaces. E. floccosum and T. rubrum may also be isolated. Treatment of the interdigital tinea pedis is very successful with topical antifungal solutions or creams that patients apply twice a day.
What About Candidiasis?
Candidiasis, also known as candidosis and monilias, is another infection that one may see between the fourth and fifth toes. It is characterized by maceration, desquamation and deep fissuring with a white rim of tissue. This infection is caused by a yeast-like fungus Candida albicans. Factors that predispose a patient to candidiasis include: local occlusion resulting in heat, moisture and maceration; cutaneous trauma; a suppressed immune system; endocrinopathy such as diabetes mellitus; and preexisting ulcerations or fissures. Patients often complain of intense itching and burning. When it comes to relieving the maceration, using warm water and Epsom salt foot soaks helps when one ensures through drying afterward. Applying topical antifungal creams and solutions to the web spaces two or three times daily usually provides rapid clearing of the infection.
Why Parasitic Infestations May Be The Culprit
One should consider parasitic infestations as possible causes when an athlete complains of severe itching. Two common infestations include cutaneous larva migrans and scabies. Cutaneous larva migrans ("creeping eruption") is caused by hookworm larvae of various nematode parasites. The cat or dog hookworms, Ancylostoma braziliense and A. caninum, are the most common species in the southeastern United States, South America and many tropical countries. The adult nematodes are found in the intestines of dogs and cats. They deposit ova that are secreted in the feces. The ova hatch into larvae in the sand or soil where they are deposited. The larvae then penetrate human skin that comes into contact with them. This usually occurs as the athlete is sitting, standing or lying on the soil or sandy beach. The condition is extremely common on the hands, feet, legs and buttocks region. One should suspect this condition among athletes who are involved in swimming or beach volleyball. Most infected patients complain of moderate to intense pruritis. The larva stays deep in the epidermis, directly ahead of the advancing tip of a serpiginous tract. Treatment of cutaneous larva migrans begins with light freezing of the advancing border tip of the larva tract and the area of predicted travel of the larva with ethyl chloride spray. Using topical thiabendazole 10% aqueous solution is recommended for treating mild infections during the early stages of the infestation. Another option is oral thiabendazole (Mintezole), which is usually effective in resolving the pruritis in less than 12 hours. One may also employ topical corticosteroids to relieve severe urticaria if it is present. Human scabies is a contagious disease caused by the itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. Keep in mind that this itch mite produces a variety of cutaneous lesions, such as macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, bullae, nodules and scaling plaques, which one may confuse with the lesions of many other skin diseases. The pregnant female mite burrows into the stratum cornium and deposits her eggs and fecal material. The lesions produced are usually elevated and represent the active portion of the infestation. The main symptom of scabies is intense pruritis. The itching is more pronounced in the evening or at night and after warm baths when mites appear to be more active. Scabies is usually contracted by close personal contact. The most prominent sites on the lower extremities are the interdigital spaces and soles of the feet. Topical medications used for treating scabies include lindane (1% gamma benzene hexachloride), crotamine (10% N-ethyl-o-crotonotoluide), sulfur ointment (5% precipitated sulfur), permethrin, thiabendazole and coal tar.
What You Should Know About Other Common Causes Of Pruritis
Insect bites and stings can present as pruritic skin conditions in athletes. In most cases, the areas of itching are associated with the location of the insect attack. The athlete will usually give a history of such an episode and one can accordingly take appropriate measures to treat the condition (see "Recognizing And Treating Insect Bites And Stings In Athletes," pg. 84, August 2004 issue). Systemic allergic reactions resulting in pruritis require a thorough history as identifying the allergen is essential to providing appropriate treatment. Besides being subject to the same food and food-additive allergies that occur in the general population, athletes often use vitamins, food supplements and other performance enhancers that are potential allergens. A thorough history should include specific questions about the use of these and other over-the-counter products. Difficult cases may require allergy testing. Finally, when attempting to diagnose a difficult case of generalized pruritis and excoriations without a specific history or primary lesion, one must consider the possibility of systemic disease. The prevalence of pruritis in systemic disorders ranges from quite high in renal disease and liver stasis to less frequent in thyroid disease and diabetes. Occult malignancies, especially of the lymphoreticular types and polycythemia vera, and iron deficiency anemia are also associated with pruritis. In addition, one should question athletes about anabolic steroid use. If they have used steroids, one should consider the possibility of liver disease. Dr. Caselli (pictured) is a staff podiatrist at the VA Hudson Valley Health Care System in Montrose, N.Y. He is also an Adjunct Professor at the New York College of Podiatric Medicine and a Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine.
1. Caselli MA: How to handle contact dermatitis in athletes. Podiatry Today 2003; 16(12).
2. Dockery GL, Crawford ME: Cutaneous Disorders of the Lower Extremity, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1997.
3. Knopp WD: Dermatology. In Sallis RE, Massimino F (eds), Essentials of Sports Medicine, Mosby, St. Louis, 1997.
4. Leshaw SM: Itching in active patients: causes and cures. Phys Sportsmed 1998; 26(1).
5. Samitz MH, Dana AS: Cutaneous Lesions of the Lower Extremities. J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadephia, 1971.
6. Scheman AJ, Severson DL: Pocket Guide to Medications Used in Dermatology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadephia, 2003.


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The Poetics of Walking: Weekend Poetry Walks
Date and Time:
May 5, 2007 - 11:00AM
Event Location:
Poets House, Spring Street and Lower Manhattan
The Poetics of Walking panelists Brenda Coultas, Lytle Shaw, Jonathan Skinner and Stephen Vincent lead writers and artists on an urban poetry stroll through Lower Manhattan, with illuminating historical information and a series of creative exercises en route. Participants are asked to meet at Poets House and to bring writing and/or drawing materials.
Event Sponsored By:
Poets House
Event Type:
Workshops, Master Classes and Residencies
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subset: commoncrawl


text: If you're not afraid to face frigid weather, running in the winter just means a few extra layers, right? Not so fast. Before you barrel into the cold, you should take into consideration what elements could maximize your time outside. Will Torres, fitness expert and founder of Willspace in NYC, has a few tricks for gearing up the right way, staying hydrated, and making sure you're safe in unstable conditions.


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Affordable Colored Linens: Since colored bed linens cost more, wait for the department stores to have their linen sales, purchase white linens, and then dye them your favorite color. You will need to purchase 2 boxes of Rit dye per 1 sheet set. Glenda Rodenbaugh, Jackson, MS
Air Freshener: To make your own air freshener, mix 2 parts liquid Downey fabric softener to 4 parts water, put in spray bottle and your home will smell great. Works well on furniture and beds also. I spray my home every morning and the great smell lasts all day !!!!! Anita, NM
Spray your favorite perfume on your light bulbs ,and turn on the lights. Also try spraying a little of
your perfume on your curtains,and then open the windows ,makes the whole house smell great. Valerie Leach, TN
Animal Care: If you are having problems with your puppy or dog chewing, I suggest using "Vicks Vapor Rub". Rub some of this onto the surface that you want your pet to avoid... the smell of it usually keeps their sensitive noses far enough away that chewing isn't an option! I have used this safely with my Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs for years! The Vapor Rub last longer than most other products, too. This keeps from having to re-apply so often! Leigh Conner
A cool treat for the summer for your dogs is homemade popsicles. We get Dixie cups and fill them with water, then add a few drops of lemon juice. After frozen, they make a great treat. Just peel the cup off, and hand over to your dog. Our dog loves this. Amy Wade
Animal Control: Pour a little bleach on your outside trash in order to keep the animals away. Rita
Ants: Instead of buying ant killer. Purchase a box of saltine crackers. Crumble the cracker and sprinkle over the ant pile. The salt in the cracker will make the ant explode. Vivian Lerma, TX
With Spring here you are likely to come across those pesky ants. If these creatures are ruining your life, whether it's in the house or outside here is away to rid yourself and your family of these intruders. Grits...yes I said it, good old fashion Grits...Not the instant kind either. Last year my neighbor had huge ant hills in his yard and used my suggestion, after spending many dollars at the local hardware store, and it got rid of hundreds of ants. Sandra Ochodnicky, MI
For ants, sprinkle cinnamon along the doorways, outside window sills, and other openings to the house. It's like an ant- shield! Amanda Wells, OR
For problems with ant piles just pour bleach all over the pile. This will not only kill the ants, but keep them from coming back. Reneta, LA
If you have ants in or outside your home simply fill a spray bottle with alcohol. Treat infected areas in and around your house. Then, sprinkle baby powder over treated area. This will not only kill the ants, but prevent them from coming back. Erika Dejesus, FL
Bee Stings: In a mixing bowl add 1 cup of baking soda and 3/4 cup of white or apple cider vinegar. Mix until a paste is formed. Tear off a section of brown paper bag (the size of the infected area) soak this piece of brown paper bag in the mixture of baking soda and vinegar. Apply a thin coat of mixture on the infected area, then cover area with soaked brown paper bag. This works best if applied immediately after being stung. Crystal Wood
For bee or wasp stings, spider bites, etc. make a paste of plain meat tenderizer and water. Apply to the sting and cover with a Band-Aid to keep in place. The meat tenderizer will break up the protein in the venom and the swelling & pain will soon be gone. Erica Shanks, Illinois
Bleached Hands: Simply use pure lemon juice and add a sprinkle of sugar. Rub hands together vigorously and rinse. No more smelly hands. Jennifer, KY
Broken Light Bulb: Broken Light Bulb Removal:Use a small potato. Make sure light switch is turned off. Place potato against broken light base and unscrew counterclockwise. It really works! Melissa Krieger, AL
Bruises: In the event you find you have a bruise try this: Slice a raw onion and place it on the bruised area (avoid broken skin). Allow the onion slice to set for at least 5 minutes and you will notice the bruise heal quicker. Dawn Peetz, NE
Bug Bites: When camping,hiking,or just hanging on the patio,and your bit by a mosquito...PUT HEMMOROID CREAM ON IT! It will instantly stop itching! Just a little dab will work perfect! Does exactly as it claims: "shrinks swelling,stops itching" Try it! Shirley, OR
Wrap raw fatty salty bacon around bites overnight. It will pull the poison out of the bites, my pediatrician told me this one. Loretta Kitchens, MS
Bug Repellant: When outdoors put a dryer sheet hanging out of one of your pockets, it will help keep the mosquitoes away. (Also works great keeping your TV screen dust free.) Sharon L. Ziolek
Take a paper towel and soak it with Vinegar and rub on arms, legs, etc. Once dry it will not smell. Rita, OH
If you have a problem with fruit flies. Pour a small amount of lemon scented ammonia in a glass and place it in the windowsill. Drives the fruit flies away every time. Retta Murphy, SC
Bug Repellant (for pet food feeders): When planning your vacations, and pet food will be left in automatic feeders outside, sprinkle baby powder around the feeder. This will definitely keep ants out of pet food. Ants will not cross over the powder lines. (Be sure to sprinkle the powder before you place the feeders down in order to keep the powder residue out of the pet food). Glenda Rodenbaugh, Jackson MS
Bug Repellent (for flour containers): When you put flour in a container, place a piece of spearmint gum in the container to keep the bugs away. Tammy Rios, TX
Burns: Take instant tea granules and add enough drops of water to make a paste. Put over the burned area and let dry. Leave on for as long as possible. It helps heal your burn and ease the pain with the burn. You might look funny but it works. Melodee, IA
Burnt Tongue: If you burn your tongue on something hot to eat (hot coffee or soup) put a teaspoon of sugar on your tongue and hold your tongue against the roof of your mouth and let the sugar melt. This will keep your tongue from getting sore from the burn. I'm not really sure why this works, but it really does work! Mary, IN
Candles: Place in the freezer for at least 3 hours prior to burning and they will burn much longer. CD Scratches: To remove scratches on CD's rub smooth peanut butter on the CD then wipe it away with a coffee filter. Yvonne M.
Canker sore: For canker sores on the outside of you lips mix baking soda and water to a
paste and put on the canker sore. Let harden and leave on as long as possible. This helps dry out the sore and shortens the length of the canker sore. It's much cheaper than the products advertised! Melodee, IA
Car Odor: A great way to get those unwanted smells out of your vehicle is to take 3 or 4 fresh apples and cut in half. Place in an open container in your vehicle for a day or two. The smell will be gone! Kim Jackson
Condiments: My family takes their lunches to work everyday. Instead of buying the expensive packages of mayonnaise or mustard, I put a tablespoon in a snack bag so the sandwiches won't get soggy. At lunchtime they cut the tip off of the corner of the snack bag and drizzle it on their bread. Elaine Wallace, TN
Conserving Energy: To save energy I make sure that in the summer when the air conditioner is running the most during the day the pool filter is running at night and in the winter when the heat is needed at night the pool filter is running during the day. This also works with well with a jacuzzi. This is even more important if you have a load controller. I also cover my roof turbans during the winter. They are designed to remove heat from the attic by spinning driven by rising heat. Since you are heating your home it is wise to keep all of the heat inside that you can. There is a noticeable difference within a foot of the floor once they are covered. No more cold feet! Dave, Arizona
Dentures: After removing your dentures (or other dental appliance) soak in warm water overnight add a drop or 2 of bleach. Rinse well in the morning before brushing. Not only does it leave your dentures pearly white, but also it kills any fungus that can cause bad breath, mouth sores and infections. Me, NY
Diaper Rash: Many years ago my son had a diaper rash and I was told this trick. Boil 3 or 4 outside (dark green) lettuce leaves in enough water to cover them. After boiling the leaves drain the water into a jar or dish with a lid and throw the leaves out. Use boiled juice when cool on baby' bottom, rash should be on the way to recovery in 24 hours or less. A local doctor had this analyzed and still couldn't find out why it worked!
Dog Shampoo: Use Dawn dish washing on your dog instead of that expensive flea soap. Dawn works as well and is safe for your dog. Jimmy, MS
Drain Cleaner: Pour 1/2 cup baking soda in to a drain and 1/2 cup white vinegar to follow. It may require several treatments to get open and running smoothly, leave in for 30min + and rinse with hot water. Shirley Donnelly, OH
Pour one cup of salt and one cup of baking soda into the drain followed by a about a three quarts pot of boiling water down the drain. Normally this will open the drain immediately. Teri Anne B., IA
Dresser Door Freshener: Take the perfume samples from magazines and place them in your dresser drawers for a refreshing scent. Heather P., NC
Trapped Dryer Lint: Is lint trapped in your dry trap, try using a back scratch-er to remove it. Linda, IN
The Many Uses of Dryer Sheets: To keep the interior of your vehicle, R.V, boat, and rooms/closets inside your house smelling fresh/clean, place one or two fabric softener dryer sheets anywhere overnight. You can even use them to freshen your shoes, boots, suitcases, and handbags (especially while in storage)! I've even crumpled a few up and strategically placed them "inside" silk plants making coming home each day "refreshing"! These little wonders also remove static cling from just about everything! From the hemline of your skirt, to your television and computer screens, to those new vertical blinds you just put up. They'll even help "discharge" the electrical charge that builds up on those hard plastic office floormats. Sharelle Fry
Foggy Eyeglasses: In winter, if you put a drop of liquid dish soap on your eyeglasses (both sides) and then wipe off with a dry cloth, they will not fog when coming into a warm room from the cold outside. Dayna Greene, Springfield, MO
First Aid: Any time you cut your hand, finger, or any other part of the body, take a spoonful of sugar and sprinkle it in the cut. If you are bleeding, this will thicken the blood and besides that it will take the pain away. Perfect for paper cuts. Melissa, OH
Gum In Hair: Butter will dissolve it so you can get it out fast! Tracy, MI
To remove gum from a child's hair use mayonnaise. Let it set and it will bring it out painlessly. It will also remove tar. (Peanut butter also will work.) Leonoris Coen, West Virginia
Hair Clarifier: For really soft shiny hair, mix 1 Tablespoon baking soda with 2 Tablespoons of your regular shampoo. Leave on for a minute or so then rinse and then rinse one more time with a small splash of vinegar. BA, OR
Handbags: I color code the contents in my handbag. It makes it easier to find things, since the inside of many handbags are dark. My wallet, glass case, medical information case, address book, receipt wallet, credit card wallet and cosmetic bag are each a different color. It makes it much easier and quicker to find what I need. Wendy Hamil, MO
Heartburn: 1 Tbls. of distilled vinegar will provide almost immediate relief (within 5 mins) of heartburn for weeks. Jeremy Watson, NV
Hiccups: Take a spoonful of peanut butter to get rid of the hiccups, believe me it works.
Russ, MI
To get rid of hick ups take a teaspoon of Grape JELLY (NOT jam). For infants, just dip your finger in the jelly and let them suck the jelly off your finger, for toddlers 1/4 teaspoon and children 1/2 teaspoon. Adjust accordingly to fit your own needs. Joan Baranek
Homemade Flea Repellant: Orange peels can help combat fleas and mosquitoes! Collect peels from citrus fruits and keep them frozen in a plastic bag until you have collected about a half a pound of them. Boil the peels in one quart of water. Then allow the peels to sit until cool. Then strain the peels and pour the left over fluid into a spray bottle and mist your dog before he goes outside. Mosquitoes hate it, fleas die from it, and it is safe to use. You can also spray their bedding and all around the house for doggy odors as well! It also neutralizes dog and cat urine odors. The active ingredient in citrus peels is its' natural pesticide. Melody Worsham, MS
Ice Packs: For a quick ice pack, keep a bag of green peas in the freezer (be sure to mark it so you can refreeze it...don't eat these peas). The peas in the bag will conform to almost any body part and are not as messy as ice. Be sure to wrap the bag of peas in a towel since you don't want to apply the cold directly to the surface of the skin. Apply 15 minutes on...15 minutes off. Put the bag back in the freezer between applications. When you use it the next time just hit it on the counter to break the peas up to a loose state again. Nancy Curtis, TX
To make a home made ice pack, take equal parts of water and alcohol in a zip lock bag. Lie flat in freezer until needed. The mixture will be like a really thick slushy. You can use small or large bags, both can be molded extremely easily.
Itchy Bug Bites: For chigger bites or mosquito bites use preparation H ointment. It stops the bites from whelping up and the itching. Tammie Ward, MO
Fire Starters (Barbecues/Camp): Half-fill each section of a cardboard egg carton with dryer lint; then pour melted wax over it and allow to the wax to harden. Cut apart segments for fire starting. CAUTION: Do not use plastic foam egg cartons, they will not burn away and they give off toxic fumes! Mary Thompson, Murfreesboro, TN
Fire Starter (Kindling): Save money by making your own kindling for the winter months. Save your toilet tissue and paper towel cardboard rolls. Fill them with the lint from the lint trap in your dryer. Cindy Johnson, IN
Flowers: Place a penny in a vase of drooping tulips and they should stand upright again. Carol Filczer, CA
Homemade Gloves: Keep the plastic grocery bags to use as rubber gloves. Double bag then slide your hand inside and you can reach down inside of the garbage disposal to remove items or pick up disgusting things, then turn inside out as you remove the bag, tie up and toss in the trash without it having ever touched your hand. Faye Parker
Grass: Get rid of the grass that grows in the cracks of you sidewalk by spraying it with white vinegar. The weeds will be dead by the next day and you can easily pull them out and throw them away. Gloria Peebles, OH
To remove grass and weeds between sidewalk bricks and along the edges of your sidewalk or home, simply boil hot water and pour it in those spots. It will kill the pest for the entire summer. Dottie Sims, PA
Household vinegar mixed with orange oil extract will kill grass and weeds that become a problem in the driveway or any other place you have annoying weeds. Sherry, IN
Grocery Store Savings: When a grocery store has an item on sale at a great price, buy some now and then visit the store on day 3 or 7 of the sale when they are likely out of stock and get a rain check. That way, you can buy it later at the sale price whenever you get ready. Lverne, MI
Gum in Hair: To remove gum from hair use peanut butter. Rub peanut butter into the gum, adding more peanut butter as needed. Keep rubbing and the gum will start to ball up and can be easily removed. Luanne, IL
Hiccups: You'll need 1 teaspoon of sugar and 1 glass of water. Take the teaspoon of sugar and put it in your mouth, then follow the sugar with the water. Repeat if necessary, usually works on the first try! Patrick, MO
Heating Pad: For aches and pains take a bag of un-cooked rice and put it in a sock, tie the sock up at the end and put it in the microwave for as hot as you want it (caution 3 min is hot). Pull it out and put it on your ache or pain. Believe me, it works and will save you money too! Victoria Carroll, TN
Kids: As a single mother of a 3 year old boy, I know how hard it is to keep him amused on rainy or snowy days. Have housework to do? Forget it! I am always having to answer the "mommy" call every few minutes. One particularly rainy day, I came up with a fun and mess free activity for my son. My front door is a plain wooden one. I give my son his box of sidewalk chalk and some baby wipes (a wet rag will do also). He can color on the door and it wipes off easily! This enables me to clean the house and lets him do something he normally wouldn't be allowed to do. Katy Green, IL
Labels for Potted Plants: Slats from vinyl mini blinds can be cut into strips about 5 or 6" long, made pointed on one end and used to label potted plants or seed trays. Label with permanent marker. Marie, MS
Leaky Flower Pots: Simply put coffee filters (I usually put 4 or 5) in the bottom of the flowerpot when transplanting, it will keep dirt from running out the holes in the bottom when you water. Dayna Greene, Springfield, MO
Lice: For treatment of head lice. I personally have not tried this but a Canadian friend swears by it adding that a pharmacist there told her of the remedy. Take one part white vinegar and one part cooking oil and mix together in a spray bottle. *NOTE* protect your eyes! Spray on hair and work in to scalp and hair. Wrap hair with saran wrap and leave on for one and a half hours, then use the fine tooth comb to pull out nits. Wash hair well with regular shampoo afterwards. G Freer, LA
Mattress Odor: If you have children who have wet the bed and can't get the smell out, place 3 or 4 dryer sheets under the sheet on top of mattress. It covers the odor (amazingly!) and smells like fresh laundry! Also works good on smoke smell. Tracey, KY
Mailing Boxes: Instead of writing over a logo, using mailing labels, or wrapping over your box of Christmas goodies to go through the mail, turn your used box inside out and tape/glue it back together. It's easier and nicer looking to use the clean surface of the inside of the box. Angela Sherwood
Mice: Place cotton balls soaked in liquid peppermint in areas where the rodents are know to come in. Those already in the house they will leave and no new rodents will come in. Marla, LA
Mossy Roof: Liberally sprinkle laundry detergent powder along the roof line. (Tide is the preferred brand). A light rain will do the rest. Crystal Bacon, OR
Moving Clothes: An easy way to transport hung clothing in a move, take a bed top sheet, spread it out, grab a handful or two of clothes (leave them on the hangers) then wrap them with the sheet, grab the ends and go. Stephanie, MS
Nail Fungus: Use Vicks Vapor Rub. Just smooth it on the infected nail. It is fast working and the best. Donna, SC
Old Socks: When you only have 1 sock left from a pair, don't throw it away! They make great cleaning rags. Use them for dusting or light cleaning. Desiree, OK
Paint Fumes: When painting an interior room, mix 1 tsp. vanilla per gallon of paint to mask paint fumes. Amber, KS
Paint Removal from Skin: Use Skin-So-Soft spray it will take the paint right off. Elaine Eubanks, TX Quick Home Fragrance: Take a piece of napkin, spray on you favorite perfume, stick it on you air conditioner filter (you can use a small nail or tack to stick it on) and enjoy the lovely fragrance throughout your home! Jennie, AL
Sewing: Put a flat refrigator magnet in your sewing box. then when your pins spill, the magnet will
collect them for you before you noticed they were gone! Kay Zinn, WI
Shoeshine: To make dull hard surface shoes look new again, wipe with Armour All. April B.
Splinters: When you have a splinter, use duct tape to remove it. Make sure you press it on your skin firmly and remove it quickly in the opposite direction it went in. Works well on kids that are skittish to tweezers. Teresa, TX
Stop Static Cling in Hair: If your hair has static cling during the winter, rinse your hair in Downy instead of your normal conditioner. It gets rid of the static cling and feels and smells good. It is also works well to rinse your hairbrushes with it. Terri, OK
Squeaky Hinges: Spray some Pam cooking spray on the hinges (both sides), wait 5-10 minutes and wash off anything left behind. No more squeak! Nancy, OH
Look in your kitchen cabinets and pull out some PAM or other cooking spray and spray on those squeaks to silence them. After spraying, work the door back and forth to allow the spray to penetrate the hinge. Once the squeak subsides, wipe off excess spray to protect painted surfaces. Works wonders! Lisa Peden, Hohenwald, TN
Shaving cream helps noisy door hinges. Michael, KY
Old fashioned Pledge in the spray can works wonders on squeaky hinges. Angel Viator, LA
Stuck doors: Wooden doors that swell or are hard to open and or close...try rubbing bar soap along the edges of the door to ease the opening and closing of the door. Angelika, Missouri
Sunburn: When sunburned, rub vinegar on burn. It will take burning out and in most cases prevent peeling. Evelyn Sisler, TN
If you have a sunburn rub a tomato on it and it will relieve the burn. Justena Oshel, KS
Swimming Pools: For those people that have an above-ground swimming pool and are plagued with birds and all the mess that they make around the pool. Simply take an old black belt and lay it beside the pool. Birds are afraid of the belt and what it looks like and will not come anywhere near the pool. You have to try it to believe it, and it really works like a charm. To completely confuse the birds change the shape occasionally, from straight to a slightly curved position around the pool. Ralph Tate, FL
Tangled Cords: All of us have a drawer full of cords - for the coffee pot, electric skillet, griddle, etc. Most of the time, they're a tangled mess and hard to identify. I use an empty cardboard toilet paper tube for each cord. Simply insert the folded cord in the tube and label each. You can then stack them in the drawer and no more tangled mess. Anne Vislosky, NY
Ticks: If a tick's head gets stuck under skin, make a equal mix of honey and baking soda, mix, then warm(do not burn skin) and put on a Band-Aid/compress. Leave this for a couple of hours, may need to repeat with heat, and ticks head will come out. My doctor told me to do this with my child and it worked (a little seed tick head). Good luck. Lynn, KY
Trash Removal: When changing trash bags in the trash cans around the house, place 2 or 3 bags at the bottom of the trash can as replacements to make it faster. Rather than looking around the house for another bag to replace the full one. Barbette
Tree Sap Removal: To remove tree sap from your skin, rub the area with mayonnaise and then wash with soap. Kris Fisher, TN
The Many Uses of Vinegar: Vinegar is good for spider bites, cleaning your coffee pot, cleaning windows, and curing diaper rash. It also removes odors, just mix 1/8 cup with full cup of water in spray bottle and spray it on the odor filled area. Vinegar is also the best remedy I have found for spider bites, mosquito bites, and ant bites. Laurie Johnsen, ID
Vomit: Cleaning up vomit make you want to vomit yourself? Spray with Air Freshener,or sprinkle cat litter on it. Cut a paper plate in half. Double bag two plastic grocery bags and have beside the vomit. With each side of the paper plate in each hand join them back together beneath the vomit (or fecal matter) and voile!...a perfect scooper without any falling out...then move into the plastic bags to be tied and thrown away. Then use more plastic bags as rubber gloves to clean the residue or remove any remaining particles and your hands never touched the matter! Faye Parker
Votive Candle Holders: To keep votive candles from burning the holder spray them first with cooking spray. Penny Bellard
Wallpaper Removal: Brush on fabric softener and the wallpaper will peel off. Pat Millima Zippers: If you have zippers that are sticking, run a lead pencil up & down the zipper (both sides) several times, the graphite in the pencil lead will make zipper much easier to pull up & down. Dayna Greene, Springfield, MO
Wasps: To remove wasps and wasp nests, use a wet-dry vacuum to vacuum pests safely into the cannister. This method is also environmentally friendly. Paul Elliott, TX
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Equality Impact Assessments: Total (0)
At least one person in three in England makes use of the services Ofsted inspects and regulates. Our teams think carefully about the likely equality impact of their work and will take action to improve strategies, policies and projects, where appropriate. The equality impact assessment (EIA) provides a tool to help them do this.
You can see the completed screening assessments, divided by Ofsted directorate, on the left-hand side menu. These are usually published within two weeks of completion. You can also read the information and guidance document on equality impact assessments.
A number of full assessments are timetabled from January 2008: the details of these are set out in our equality schemes.
EIA supports Ofsted's equality schemes: disability; gender; race.
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Download here: http://www.robotspodcast.com/podcast/mp3/robots-20080801-episode5.mp3
In today's show we speak with two robot passionates who have been bringing you their news and views on robotics through their blogs. We first speak to Steven Rainwater from Texas who is a founding editor of Robots.net, a news website on robotics . We then go to Boston where Mikell Taylor invited Sabine to her apartment to talk about the IEEE Spectrum Automaton blog and her work at Bluefin Robotics Corporation on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles.
Steven Rainwater
Steven Rainwater is one of the founding editors of Robots.net, one of the longest-running news sites on the web devoted primarily to robotics. Along with two other robot obsessives from the Dallas Personal Robotics Group, he has been actively running this online community since 2001.
Rainwater takes us on a journey into the history of the hobbyist robotics community, starting in the days of BBS before the internet had a chance to make a foothold. He then tells us about his experiences in the hobbyist community, and some of his worries about the future of the field. Will hobbyist robotics continue expanding, or will it disappear with the arrival of the Roomba? He may have the answer.
Mikell Taylor
Mikell Taylor's passion for robots has had her blogging away on the IEEE Spectrum Automaton blog . Comfortably seated in her Boston kitchen, she presents her expert insight on robotics in the media, her view on what to look for in the future and why consumer robots have a special place in her interests.
Besides scanning the web for robot scoops, Taylor is a system engineer at the Bluefin Robotics Corporation where she works on sensor ridden autonomous underwater vehicles for the military, commercial purposes or .... treasure hunting! She gives us a behind the scene overview of what these missile-like robots have been doing in the great blue and the challenges to overcome in navigation, control and designing hardware which will work under loads of water pressure.
Steven Rainwater's homepage: http://www.ncc.com/humans/srainwater/
Robots.net: http://www.robots.net/
Dallas Personal Robotics Group (DPRG): http://www.dprg.org/
IEEE Spectrum Automaton blog: http://blogs.spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/
Bluefin Robotics Corporation: http://www.bluefinrobotics.com/


text: Home » News » Interview: How Crytek's making a 90 rated game Interview: How Crytek's making a 90 rated game Stuart Davidson November 17, 2010 News Crytek has denied it's feeling the pressure after EA confidently proclaimed upcoming shooter Crysis 2 will be a 90 rated game, but has admitted meeting EA's lofty expectation is one hell of a challenge. In August EA Partners boss David DeMartini told Eurogamer that Crysis 2 is "going to be another 90 rated game from Crytek". While executive producer Nathan Camarillo didn't want to comment on DeMartini's assertion when quizzed by Eurogamer, he revealed the difficulty Crytek faces as it strives to reach that magical number. "As a company, Crytek has a goal that we only ship high quality, high rated products. And that number starts somewhere," he said. "It's definitely hard. It's always difficult to release a high quality product. You can't take a 60 rated team and make a 90 rated game. That's probably impossible. "Let's say you're making a 90 plus rated game. Everything you do, every aspect that goes into the game, every person working on it, has to be 90 plus rated, or you don't get to 90 plus rated. "You don't make a 90 plus rated game with a 30 rated bush in the game. Everything has to reach this quality bar. Every person working on it has to put that kind of effort into it, otherwise you have to do some things that are at 94/95 to pull the average up to 90. "This threshold is so difficult to attain. That's a really difficult task for any developer to accomplish. For a game like Crysis 2 that's a full offering of multiplayer, a longer than expected single-player campaign longer than what's average right now for FPS games that's a lot of stuff to polish and make sure everything is as high quality as possible." Crysis 2 was recently delayed from this year to 25th March 2011. "It wasn't going to be ready for that [Christmas 2010]," DeMartini told Eurogamer. "With the guys at Crytek, it's quality, quality, quality." Despite the challenge, Camarillo is confident Crysis 2 will not only meet the magic 90 rating, but exceed it. "It's always a difficult situation to get that kind of score, but we have a lot of processes internally," he said. "And through the help of EA to make sure we're hitting that quality bar, by having mock reviews and evaluation groups look at the game, as well as focus groups and looking at players playing, looking at their biometric data. "Are the moments we're trying to sell in the game resonating the way we want to with them, or where are they getting frustrated so we can improve the quality? "You can't fix those things when it's out the door and in someone's hands. You can't take a retail product, have them play it and go, 'We actually wanted you to be scared there. Ah, crap.' You want to find that out before it goes out. All these little moments add together to get you over that threshold." Crysis 2 is due to be released 25/03/2011 on PC, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360. **Interview: Eurgamer Share On


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Interested in how genetic genealogy can aid your Irish family history research? Able to be in Dublin in October? Don't miss GENETIC GENEALOGY IRELAND 2013 sponsored by FamilyTreeDNA and organized by the International Society of Genetic Genealogists.
Press Release:
Genetic Genealogy Ireland 2013 is a 3-day series of lectures and presentations on DNA and its usefulness in Irish family tree research. The presentations are sponsored by FamilyTreeDNA, organised by ISOGG (International Society of Genetic Genealogists), and scheduled to run at the Back to Our Past exhibition at the RDS, Ballsbridge, Dublin from Oct 18-20.
DNA and genealogy
More than one million people around the world have had their DNA tested as part of their family tree research and it has helped them break through "brick walls" where the paper trail of traditional records is either absent or has failed to help any further. This is particularly relevant to Irish research where there is a relative lack of documentary evidence prior to 1800. DNA testing has become increasingly affordable in recent years with basic tests available for as little as 40 euro.
Irish DNA Research
There has been a flurry of interest in DNA in Ireland over the last ten years and some incredible work has been undertaken by passionate Irish genealogists (many working independently and voluntarily) which is changing the way we think about ourselves. Many of these enthusiasts will be speaking at the conference on their own particular projects and how it has informed not only their own family tree research but how it sheds new light on a variety of Clan histories, Irish surnames, and their origins and evolution.
The international panel of speakers will discuss topics which include a basic introduction to DNA testing, early and later migrations into Ireland (Gael, Norman, Viking, Scotch, English), connecting with the Irish in America, and individual Clan and surname projects with names that cover the entire island. As well as talks on the Tribes of Galway, and the Munster Irish, Prof Dan Bradley will discuss his unit's work relating to the genetic signature of people in northwest Ireland and the correlation with Niall of the Nine Hostages. Details are available on the dedicated website - Genetic Genealogy Ireland 2013 at <ggi2013.blogspot.ie>.
These DNA lectures will complement the programme of traditional genealogical presentations organised by APGI and sponsored by Rootsireland.ie (the Irish Family History Foundation).
DNA testing at BTOP
This is the fourth year of the Back to Our Past exhibition which last year attracted 20,000 visitors and over 250 exhibitors. This year FamilyTreeDNA have a stand at the exhibition and will be offering DNA testing at discounted prices. This is the first time that DNA testing will be offered directly to the Irish public at the exhibition. There will also be some limited Free DNA tests available and further information can be found here <www.ggi2013.blogspot.ie/p/sponsored-dna-tests.html>
So if you happen to find yourself in Dublin in October, come along and have a DNA test - it may connect you with long lost cousins you never knew you had. Entrance to the entire exhibition and conference only costs 5 euro if booked in advance online via the BTOP website at <www.backtoourpast.com/mysitecaddy/site3>.


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Kcal 165 Fat 9.5g Carbs 18.2g
Back at the beginning of September Nestle announced to the trade that they would be overhauling it's Kit Kat Senses bar by introducing a "new caramel filling to replace the existing hazelnut flavour" (Review of that bar HERE). When I read this I immediatedly thought this all sounded remarkably like the action they took last year to remove the Kit Kat Chunky Peanut and replace it with the Kit Kat Chunky Caramel. The reasoning provided by Nestle for this latest switch is that they believe that "the popularity of caramel flavours among women will open Kit Kat Senses Caramel Cream to a wider female fan base, and accelerate the £33m sales that the brand has achieved since launching in 2008". After a few weeks of searching I finally found this new Kit Kat Senses Caramel Cream on sale in my local convenience store for £0.49.
This new Caramel Cream variant came in a 30.7g size and came described as 'crisp wafer finger with a caramel flavoured creamy topping, covered in milk chocolate'. First impressions of the wrapper were very positive and I loved the new matted foil material which I thought gave the pack great standard with it's golden, orangey colour scheme. Out of the packet the chocolate finger piece looked no different to the original Kit Kat Senses bar, though when bitten in to the filling was noticeably more gold tinted in colour. Taking in the smells on offer from the bar I was instanlty reminded of my experience with the Chunky Caramel, with a promising set of burnt sugar caramel notes proving an appetising prospect.
Whatever I have said about the quality of some of the poorer Kit Kat flavour combinations in the past, one thing I have never criticised is the deliciousness of the classic milk chocolate and wafer constituents. Although both of these elements came substantially less portioned in the Senses bar, the synergy of the milky sweet chocolate and biscuit flavours was still very much there and delivered with the usual crisp wafer and smooth melting chocolate textures. So how good was the 'new' caramel cream filling!? Well as you could have guessed it wasn't 'new' in any sense - it was just simply the same paste like, overly sweet substance used for the Kit Kat Caramel Chunky. Unfortunately making matters slightly worse than with that bar, the wafer and chocolate elements were obviously less dillutive of the sugar focused flavours of the creme due to them being significantly lesser portioned. Resultingly this meant that the taste quickly became very one dimensional and throat searingly sweet after only a few of the five blocks.
Overall you are probably thinking that I'm going to say I was disappointed by this bar, but the truth is that I totally expected to be writing a review such as this one. Back in 2009 and when we all learnt the Kit Kat Chunky Peanut would be replaced by the Caramel variant, hopes were high that it would reach the high standard sets by the very same bar available in Australia (See HERE). When that bar arrived in the UK, I and many others felt very underwhelmed (miffed more like!) by the quality of the caramel filling, which by most accounts was considered pretty poor. Now, although it retained all the attributes I disliked from the Chunky bar format, at least this time it wasn't such a nasty surprise. To be totally frank I didn't enjoy this new Senses Caramel Cream and I probably wouldn't buy it again. One thing that does frustrate me somewhat is that Nestle have reduced the variety that their range offers again by cutting out a hazelnut flavour option for what is simply just another poorer caramel alternative. Let me throw the question to you guys ... What do you all think of this latest change to the Senses range?
6.9 out of 10


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PLEASE NOTE: The Carter Center is currently under construction and only accepting bagged household trash for disposal.
Map of Waste Centers
Waste and Recycling Center Hours
8 a.m.- 6 p.m. Monday- Friday
7 a.m. – 3 p.m. on Sat
closed Sunday and certain observed holidays
Department Head: Tom Salter
The Knox County Solid Waste Department delivers cost-effective services and provides quality information to help Knox County taxpayers efficiently recycle and dispose of residential waste. This includes managing the Knox County recycling and household waste drop-off centers, providing comprehensive recycling options at the centers, diverting greenwaste away from landfills and making convenient disposal of household hazardous materials available for all Knox County residents. If you have any other questions, feel free to contact us for more information.


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LLLI Center for Breastfeeding Information
Selected Bibliography
April 2003
Agnello A Nature's Way Circle: An American Indian breastfeeding community. Mothering 01-7/8;107:56-61
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Anisfeld E et al. Early contact, social support, and mother-infant bonding. Pediatrics 1983;72(1):79-83.
Arlotti JP Breastfeeding among low-income women with and without peer support. J Comm Hlth Nurs 1998,15(3):163-78.
Aubel J et al. Lessons on sustainability for community health projects. World Health Forum 1996;17(1):52-57.
ARTAG. Help for breastfeeding mothers. Dialogue on Diarhea 1991;46:2-3.
Auerbach KG Helping mothers breastfeed-sharing the responsibility. Breastfeeding Abstr 1987;6(3):13-14.
Auerbach KG et al. Relactation and the premature infant. Resources in Human Nurturing 1979;3:1-21.
Baranowski T et al. Social support, social influence, ethnicity and the breastfeeding decision. Soc Sci Med 1983;17(21):1599-1611.
Bergh A-M The role of a nongovernmental organization in breastfeeding education. J Nutr Educa 1987;19(3):117-24 (BF Assn South America).
Blum LM et al. Mother to mother: A maternalist organization in late capitalist America. Social Problems 1993;40(3):285-300.
Breastfeeding Information Bureau, Malaysia. Mother-to-Mother support handbook, Cosponsored by USAID/Linkages. 2002 English/Malaysian
Bryant CA. The impact of kin, friend and neighbor networks on infant feeding practices-Cuban, Puerto Rican and Anglo families in Florida. Soc Sci Med. 1982; 16:1757-65
Buckner E et al. Social network utilization by breastfeeding mothers. J Hum Lact 1993;9(4):231-35.
Chen, C-H Effects of home visits and telephone contacts on breastfeeding compliance in Taiwan. MCN 1993;21(3):82-90.
Chezem J, Friesen C. Attendance at breast-feeding support meetings: Relationship to demographic characteristics and duration of lactation in women planning postpartum employment. 1999-1;99(1):83-85
de Maza IC et al. Sustainability of a community-based mother-to-mother support project in the peri-urban areas of Guatemala city. A La Leche League Study. 1997; i-viii,1-34,A1-F-1, Wellstart BASICS.
Dennis C-L. Theoretical underpinnings of breastfeeding confidence: A self-efficacy framework. J Hum Lact 1999-9;15(3):195-201.
Dennis C-L. et al. The effect of peer support on breast-feeding duration among primiparous women: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 2002;166(1):21-28.
Giugliani ERJ et al. Effect of breastfeeding support from different sources on mothers' decisions to breastfeed. J Hum Lact 1994; 10(3):157-61.
Gribble J An alternative speech. New Generation 1996;15(1):12-13
Gribble DK Mother-to-mother support for women breastfeeding in unusual circumstances: A new method for an old model. Breastfeeding Review 2001;9(3):13-19
Grieve V et al. The needs of women who contact the Nursing Mothers' Association of Australia's breastfeeding counselling service. Breastfeed Rev 1997-5;5(1):17-21
Grieve V & Howarth T. The counselling needs of breastfeeding women. Breastfeed Rev 00-7;8(2):9-15
Grossman LK et al. The infant feeding decision in low and upper income women. Clin Pediatr 1990;29(1):30-37.
Hedstrom M Breastfeeding and amningshjalpen. J Trop Pediatrics 1982; 28:113-15.
Hoddinott P, Roisin P. Qualitative study of decisions about infant feeding among women in east end of London. BMJ 1999-1-2;318:30-34
Hofmeyer GJ et al. Companionship to modify the clinical birth environment: effects on progress and perceptions of labour, and breastfeeding. Br J Ob Gyn 1991;98:756-64.
Hollander D. Peer counselors' support is successful in promoting exclusive breatfeeding among Bangladeshi women. Int Fam Plan Perspect 2001-3;27(1):51
Houston MJ Breastfeeding: Success or failure. J Adv Nurs 1981;6:447-54.
Houston MJ Supporting breastfeeding at home. Midw Chron Nurs N 1984; 97(1153):42-44.
Jelliffe DB La Leche League as an influence in tropical pediatrics. J Pediatr 1966;69(1):161-62.
Jelliffe DB et al. Doulas, confidence and the science of lactation. J Pediatr 1974;84(3):462-64.
Jelliffe DB et al. The role of the support group in promoting breastfeeding in developing countries. J Trop Pediatr 1974;84(3):462-64.
Kaufman KJ et al. Influences of the social network on choice and duration of breast-feeding in mothers of preterm infants. Res Nurs Health 1989;12:149-59.
Kendall-Tackett KA et al. The social consequence of long-term breastfeeding. J Hum Lact 1995;11(3):179-83.
Kistin N et al. Effect of peer counselors on breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity, and duration among low-income urban women. J Hum Lact 1994;10(1):11-15.
Koop EC. The lay volunteer in the mother-to-mother program of La Leche League. presented by Viola Lennon in The Report of the Surgeon General's Workshop on Breastfeeding and Human Lactation. 1984.
Kyenkya-Isabirye M et al. The mothers' support group role in the health care system. Int J Gyn Ob 1990;31(supl 1):85-90.
Ladas AK. How to help mothers breastfeed: Deductions from a survey. Clin Pediatr 1970;9(12):702-06.
Ladas A. Breastfeeding: The less available option. Env Child Hlth 1972-12;25:317-45.
La Leche League International: The evolution of mother-to-mother support through the decades. 1999-12-13;n:1-4.
Lazarov M & Evans A. Breastfeeding-Encouraging the best for low-income women. Zero to Three 2000-8/9;21(1):15-23.
Lazzaro E et al. Medical professionals' attitudes toward breastfeeding. J Hum Lact 1995;11(2):97-101.
Linkages/AED. FAQ Sheet: Frequently asked questions on: Mother-to-mother Support for Breastfeeding 8-1999;1-4.
Lipson JG. Consumer activism in two women's self-help groups. West J Nurs Res 1980;2:393-405.
Locklin MP Telling the world: Low income women and their breastfeeding experiences. J Hum Lact 1995;11(4):285-91.
Long DG et al. Peer counselor program increases breastfeeding rates in Utah Native American WIC population. J Hum Lact 1995;11(4):279-84.
Lothian JA. The decision to breastfeed. J Perinat Ed 1994;3(4):39-45.
Mabulay AS et al. The key to child survival. World Health 1995; n:8-9 (BUNSO).
Magalhaes R. Historical overview of breastfeeding support. Breastfeed Abstr 1993;13(2):11-12.
Matich JR et al. A comparison of social support variables between women who intend to breast or bottle feed. Soc Sci Med 1992;34(8):919-21.
McLorg PA et al. Influence of social network members and health care professionals on infant feeding practices of economically disadvantaged mothers. Med Anthropology 1989;10(4):265-78
Meara H A. key to successful breast-feeding in a non-supportive culture. J Nurse Midwif 1976;XXI(1):20-26.
Merewood A & Philipp BL. Peer counselors for breastfeeding mothers in the hospital setting: Trials, training, tributes and tribulations. J Human Lactation 2003-2;19(1):72-76.
Merrill EB. Learning how to mother. Anthropol Ed Quart 1987;18:222-40.
McNatt MH et al. Social support and lactation outcomes in postpartum women. J Hum Lact 1992;8(2):73-77.
Morrow AL et al. Efficacy of home-based peer counselling to promote exclusive breastfeeding: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 99-4-10;353(9160):e1-e12
Naber SJ & Locklin MP. Are peer counselors the key to achieving breastfeeding success with low income women? Breastfeeding Abstracts 1994-2;13(3):19-20.
n. Where does NMAA draw the line when counseling breastfeeding mothers? Breastfeed Rev 1985;6:35.
O'Rourke K et al. Impact of community organization of women on perinatal outcomes in rural Bolivia. Pan Am J Pub Hlth 1998;3(1):9-14
Pereira GR et al. Breastfeeding in neonatal intensive care: beneficial effects of maternal counseling. Perinatol Neonatol 1984;n:35-42.
Phillips V Where the self-help group fits into the health-care scene: with special reference to NMAA. Breastfeed Rev 1990-5;11(1):33-34
Phillips V Nursing Mother's Association of Australia: A support group in action. Aust Fam Phys 1990;19(11):1629.
Ridler J The importance of breast-feeding support groups. SAMJ 1988; 17:384.
Riordan J Social support and breastfeeding. Breastfeed Abstr 1989; 8(3):13-14.
Ryan K The power of support groups: Influence on infant feeding trends in New Zealand. J Hum Lact 1997;13(3):183-90.
Shaw E & Kaczorowski J The effect of a peer counseling program on breastfeeding initiation and longevity in a low-income rural population. J Human Lact 1999-3;15(1):19-25
Shea E La Leche League: More than just breast-feeding support. Can Fam Phys 1992;38:1221,23-34.
Silverman PR et al. Mutual help during critical role transitions. J Appl Behavioral Sci 1976;12:410-18.
Spieler J (moderator) et al. Technical Working Group C Report: Breastfeeding promotion in health and health-related programs. Int J Gyn Ob 1990;31(Supl 1):145-46.
Stokamer CL et al. Breastfeeding in systems related to health care. Int J Gyn Ob 1990;31(Supl 1):111-13.
Thorley V Complementary and competing roles of volunteers and professionals in the breastfeeding field. Int J Self Help & Self Care 1999-2000;1(2):171-79
Tompson M Role of voluntary agencies in promoting breastfeeding. Env Child Hlth 1975;n:8-10.
Tompson M. The effectiveness of mother-to-mother help: Research on the La Leche League International Program. Birth Fam J 1976;3(44):1-6.
Vickers MC. Mother to mother support: The backbone of La Leche League. New Beginnings 1997 ½;14(1):4-6
Waterston T Commentary on Randomised controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of a booklet on The improving the duration of breastfeeding. Arch Dis Child 1997;76:503-04.
Wolke D. et al. Excessive infant crying: A controlled study of mothers helping mothers. Pediatrics 1994;94(3):322-32.
Compiled by Carol Huotari IBCLC, Manager Center for Breastfeeding Information, La Leche League International


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Would you like a preview of Sylvie's book? You can get a free chapter of Create the Kitchen of a Lifetime right now.
We had kicked around many ideas about how to add storage space in our 1980's kitchen. We just couldn't figure out what would work in our small space. Sylvie not only solved the problem, but she took into consideration our very small budget and gave us wonderful advice. She is a joy to work with.Anna Stone
5 stars aren't enough to describe my experiences with Sylvie. She saved us time and money by coordinating this project down to the last detail of our home remodel. We trusted her enough to give her the key to the house so my wife and I did not miss any work. She was easy to work with and very flexible. I highly recommend working with Sylvie. Paul S.
We've struggled through many previous decorating and renovation projects during the last 30 years. All past projects have followed the same problematic pattern. We started with a great idea and what we thought was the right contractors. However, in the end, the projects fell behind schedule, the budgets exploded, and the quality of the work was disappointing. Most importantly, our frustration with the project increased. You addressed all these problems and delivered what you promised. You refined our ideas, selected and managed the contractors and kept us within budget. You had high standards and insisted the quality of the work met your expectations. The entire project went smoothly even when the house was all torn-up. Our house looks great thanks to you. You exceeded our expectations. You and your contractors were great to work with and we would hire you again for any big or small new projects Robin and Jerry Stein, Fort Worth, Texas
Sylvie was a joy to work with and we highly recommend her for any remodeling or new home design. After two disastrous attempts at remodeling, we decided we would never try again. Then… we met with Sylvie Meehan and found her t be so enthusiastic, knowledgeable and sincere. She also had many great ideas as to what would work in our home. She knows how to select contractors, purchase the needed items, and especially manage the job until it is completed to her client's satisfaction. We love our Kitchen and Den. A.D. and Joyce Williamson A.D. and Joyce Williamson
You did such a great job you with the design. Every morning I go in the master bathroom to get ready and I feel like I'm on a mini-vacation at The Ritz. The pool bath is perhaps my favorite room in the house now; it has so much character in a small space. Shannon
I am so thankful you were recommended to me when we decided to remodel our master bathroom. You were prompt in returning my calls, setting up appointments, and arriving on time for our meetings. I was very comfortable with you and enjoyed our two days of. You allowed me to voice my opinion on my likes and dislikes. You have a wonderful gift of seeing the finished project. I had no idea where to begin and you put is all together with such ease. Ron said, you made his job so much easier by putting all my selections on a spread sheet with size, item numbers, colors etc. Thanks for a great job. You can know for sure you will be getting a call when I have more decorating needs. Diane Husbands
I have very much enjoyed working with you regarding the interior color and material selections for the homes in Pleasant Valley Phase II. Your work has always been timely, very well received by the market and an excellent value. I am looking forward to continuing our business relationship. Thomas R. Regmund, President Pleasant Valley
Thank you so much for all of the "extras" you provided for our kitchen remodel. Turning my kitchen and breakfast room into Tuscany wouldn't have worked without your help. Thanks also for my touch of Italy! I enjoyed you all! Susan Huston
Sylvie has extensive knowledge in the field of remodeling, home interior design especially kitchens and bathrooms. She has several years of experience and has worked with many clients. Her customer service is incredible. She keeps the client informed on a daily basis of how their project is progressing. When she says she is going to complete something, she does. She works hand-in-hand with her clients making sure their specific needs are met at all times. She is always available for questions and concerns. She is very easy to work with. She is open-minded and listens to her clients. I have worked with her on several projects and have seen firsthand the top notch work she has designed and completed. I have given Sylvie 5 stars and the highest recommendation possible, so well deserved.Dawn Middlestead, Fort Worth, TX
When our home flooded I felt overwhelmed with decorating choices. I knew what I wanted but needed help. You have an unbelievable eye for design. I am simply amazed at your talent. My home turned out exactly as I pictured it. You may not realize it, but you made a difficult time very bearable and you took a lot of pressure off of me. Thank you so much! Mrs. Middleton Mansfield, Texas
Sylvie Meehan is very successful because she applies style and compassion to her art. She has been most victorious in her design work selling homes for builders in our communities well in advance of the home's completion. Her architectural selection, colors and textures attract all tastes. She respects her customer's budgets and offers different suggestions to achieve the same effect more costly selections. She has a "nothing is left until tomorrow" attitude. She is very prompt and delightful, and she meets every expectation her builders and customers place on her. If you are considering a designer to enhance your homes, Sylvie Meehan is terrific. She will work hard, has great enthusiasm and is a wonderful talent. Susan Engle and Cynthia Matalucci, Wildwood Realty
It is my pleasure to recommend Sylvie Meehan as your Interior Designer. She has worked with me since 2007. She is energetic, prompt, efficient, helpful and creative. She is very organized, thorough and desires your satisfaction all the way to completion. Her extensive knowledge of design, cabinetry, tile, traffic pattern and green construction and products makes the whole process easier. Sylvie chooses her subcontractors and suppliers very carefully. She is well aware of the importance to know them and their abilities. Sylvie is a great asset to us. She is a delight to work with as she is always able to see the light at the end of the tunnel. She has helped us with six homes ranging in price from $850,000 to $1 million. She knows how time consuming and very extensive the process is from the start of the project to completion and does this very well. Sylvie would be a great asset to your renovation project. Should you have any question, I invite you to call me anytime.Jeff Marshall Custom Homes
Her design has drastically made the sale of each one of my homes easier, most of which have sold prior to completion. She is a complete delight to work with and does an excellent job. Sylvie has a passion for her profession and is very enthusiastic. I highly recommend Sylvie Meehan to anyone seeking a professional designer who will work hard, deliver and be prompt with service. Mo Rabii, Eagle View Homes


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The online video library offers demonstrations revealing how the unique shape and configuration of the pneumatic conveying elbow causes particles to gather in a slowly-rotating, self-renewing, round deflection zone of material and air before proceeding downstream. The result, as shown in the videos, is reduced elbow wear for savings in maintenance and corresponding cuts in line downtime along with improvements in particle integrity and environmental hygiene.
Featuring a series of case study videos filmed at actual processing line installations, the online video library documents the performance of Smart Elbows in effectively diverting the flow of highly abrasive materials without experiencing a single blowout, even after five years of continuous operation. The Smart Elbows are shown conveying fiberglass-filled polypropylene pellets, PVC compound, granite dust, pebble lime, magnesium oxide, grain, and other materials that would quickly wear through steel sweep elbows, yet leave virtually no marks on this technology. The online video library may be viewed for free without any registration requirements and periodic additions are planned.


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What is included with this book?
TIM CROTHERS is a former senior writer at Sports Illustrated who graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1986 and has lectured in the university's journalism department for the last seven years. He is the coauthor of the New York Times bestseller Hard Work: A Life On and Off the Court with Roy Williams.


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The mount includes pre-installed enclosed dual DC servo motor drives – one for moving the scope in altitude (up/down) and one for azimuth (right/left). The combined motion of the two motors allows the scope to move smoothly in an arc across the sky, following the seemingly curved path taken by the stars and planets. Built-in electronics let you select the appropriate lunar, solar, or sidereal (star) tracking rate to keep each specific kind of object centered in the field of view so that several people can observe at their leisure without having constantly to adjust the position of the scope. The electronics also give you a choice of nine different slewing and centering speeds for locating objects (3°/sec, 2°/sec, 1°/sec, 0.5°/sec, and 32x/16x/8x/4x/2x the sidereal rates).
  A compartment in the drive base holds eight user-supplied AA batteries for powering the telescope. All power connections to the motors are internal. This eliminates the cord wrap problems you often find with competitive telescopes powered by an external battery pack that connects to the scope through a dangling power cord.
  To conserve battery life when the telescope is being used in the backyard, an optional AC adapter (#2338N) is available to operate the scope from an extension cord connected to a normal household 110 VAC electric outlet. The Celestron Power Tank (#4512V) is also a highly recommended optional accessory if you observe away from home a lot. This is a 7 amp-hour capacity multi-purpose rechargeable 12V DC battery that can provide several nights worth of observing from a single charge when you're in the field away from backyard AC.
  The underside of the mount's drive base has three round feet that rest on three flat pads inside the tripod head. The drive base is held in place on the tripod by one large hand-tighten knob in the underside of the tripod. Assembly is fast and foolproof. There is no need to fumble with multiple mounting bolts, or try to align mounting bolts in a tripod with holes you can't see in the base of the mount, as is the case with competitive scopes. The LCM mount's no-tool assembly is foolproof and takes only a few seconds.
  The preassembled adjustable-height tripod has aluminum legs that damp vibrations quickly. The center leg brace holds a convenient no-tool quick-release accessory tray to keep your eyepieces and accessories up and out of the dew-soaked grass. The locking levers for the tripod leg height adjustment face are on the sides of the legs, so they won't snag your clothing as you move around the tripod in the dark. A bubble level in the center of the drive base lets you level the tripod for more accurate tracking of celestial objects.
The LCM computer has a database of 4,033 stars and objects that it can locate and track for you. The database includes the complete Messier and Caldwell catalogs of famous deep space objects; a selection of the brightest and best deep space objects from the Revised New General Catalog (NGC); selected SAO stars, including the best variable stars and multiple star systems; the planets; the Moon; the Sun; and more.
With the LCM computer's hand control, you can select an object catalog at the touch of a button; automatically slew to any of the 4,033 objects in its memory, including over 600 galaxies, 300 star clusters, and dozens of beautiful binary stars; move to objects not in it's data base under your command; change the slew speed; view fascinating information about an object, including enhanced information on many of the particularly fascinating objects; or simply determine if a desired object is visible in the sky. It can automatically take you on guided tours of the best objects visible in your sky the night you are observing, any night of the year. The computer's hand control/database software and motor drive software can be flash upgraded via the internet so you will always have the most up-to-date software version available.
SkyAlign Technology: With Celestron's SkyAlign technology, you don't have to know Altair from Zubenelgenubi or know how to read a star chart to line up your LCM telescope on the sky. There is also no need to point the telescope north and level the optical tube or to pay extra for a competitive scope that levels the scope and points it north for you. With SkyAlign, the initial position of the telescope is irrelevant. Trees and buildings can block your view of the north celestial pole and you'll still be able to properly align the scope on the sky. This makes for fast and very easy alignment of the telescope every time you take it out to observe.
Simply input the date, time, and your location into the computer hand control. The LCM computer has a U.S. and international city database that lets you easily set your observing location. It will normally default to your last observing site automatically, but you can change to a new observing site anytime you want.
Once you've entered the date, time, and location, use the StarPointer red dot LED finder to align the telescope on any three bright stars, or to two stars and a bright planet or even the Moon. You don't need to know the names of the stars or the planet. The LCM computer system will automatically determine which objects were chosen and then generate an internal map of the sky that will let it move automatically to any star or object you select for the rest of the night. It does it by calculating the angles and distances measured between the objects you've chosen and then compares them to the known separations between objects. Using this method, the telescope determines what objects were chosen. The display will tell you which three objects you aligned to for confirmation.
Only two of the alignment objects will actually be used for calculating the model of the sky that the computer uses for locating objects. The third object simply provides a positive identification of the other two. Therefore, at least two of the three alignment objects should be spaced at least 60 degrees apart in the sky if possible, and the third object should not fall in a straight line between the first two alignment stars.
Since the brightest stars appear first as the sky darkens at dusk, the SkyAlign system is exceptionally easy to set up and use as night comes on. You don't have to guess which stars are brightest, as only the brightest will be visible in the early evening. The same holds true for observers from a light-polluted suburban site, where only the brightest stars are visible to the unaided eye.
Other alignment methods are also built into the LCM computer. Auto Two-Star Align asks you to choose and center the first alignment star, then the LCM computer automatically selects and slews to a second star for alignment. Two-Star Align lets you identify and manually slew your telescope to the two alignment stars. One-Star Align is the same as Two-Star Align, but only requires you to align to one known star. Although not as accurate as the other alignment methods, One-Star Align is the quickest way to find and track bright planets and objects in Altazimuth mode. Finally, Solar System Align displays a list of visible daytime objects (planets, the Moon, and the Sun) available to align the telescope for observing during the day.
Once the scope has aligned itself with the sky, it takes only a few keystrokes on the computer hand control to have the scope move automatically to your first observing target and start tracking it so you can observe at your leisure. You can find hundreds of fascinating deep space objects your first night out, even if you have never used a telescope before. No matter what level of experience you start from, your Celestron LCM scope will unfold all the wonders of the Universe for you, your family, and your friends.
• 60mm f/11.7 fully-coated achromatic refractor optics • computerized go-to altazimuth mount • pre-assembled aluminum tripod• StarPointer red dot finder • 25mm (28x) and 9mm (78x) 1.25" eyepieces • 1.25" 90° star diagonal • 2-year warranty
You don't have to know Altair from Zubenelgenubi or know how to read a star chart to find your way around the sky with the Celestron 60LCM 60mm go-to refractor. Its easy SkyAlign alignment technology and StarPointer red dot LED finder make lining up on the sky a breeze. Once aligned, the scope's NexStar-technology computer hand control will find more than 4,000 celestial objects for you and will track them unerringly while you observe at your leisure. With its pre-assembled adjustable height aluminum tripod and easy no-tool assembly, the Celestron 60LCM can be up and ready to take you on a tour of the Universe in a matter of minutes.
With the Celestron 60LCM you can see breathtaking views of the lunar landscape; Venus and its phases; Mars resolved as an orange disc; Jupiter and its 4 moons; Saturn resolved as a disc, with its rings plainly visible at medium and high magnification; plus binary stars, star clusters, nebulas, and much more outside the solar system.
The Celestron 60LCM has all the features and optical performance needed to keep a casual backyard astronomer happily observing for years to come. And it can be used for terrestrial observing, too – birdwatching, scanning the scenery from the home with a view, and more.
This Telescope's Optical System . . .
Achromatic refractor optical system: 60mm aperture (700mm focal length f/11.7) aluminum tube. The tube is connected to the mount by a no-tool quick release dovetail for fast assembly. Fully coated optics for high light transmission and good contrast. A good-sized lens shade is provided to shield the lens from ambient light for improved contrast and retard the formation of dew for maximum uninterrupted observing time. Finder: StarPointer non-magnifying variable brightness illuminated red dot finder on a quick-release dovetail mounting bracket. The StarPointer is a quick and easy way to point your telescope exactly to the desired object in the sky. There's no need to worry about the inverted images you see through traditional finders. Just align the red dot seen in the StarPointer with the desired star in the sky and you're done. Focuser: 1.25" rack and pinion. Star diagonal: 1.25" 90° prism. Two 1.25" eyepieces: The first is a 25mm providing a magnification of 28x. The eyepiece field of view is 1.6° across, more than three times wider than the diameter of the full Moon for expansive views of open star clusters and terrestrial observing. The second is a 9mm (78x) with a 0.57° field for more close-up views of the Moon, planets, and globular star clusters.
This Telescope's Mount . . .
Fork mount/drive system: Single fork arm altazimuth design with pre-installed enclosed dual DC servo motor drives. A compartment in the drive base accepts eight user-supplied AA batteries for powering the telescope. An optional AC adapter and rechargeable battery pack are available to conserve battery life. For more details, click on the "mount" icon above. LCM computer control: The supplied NexStar-technology computer hand control has an illuminated numeric keypad and a two-line 16-character LCD display. It has a database of 4,033 stars and objects it can find and track for you, including the complete Messier and Caldwell catalogs of famous deep space objects; a selection of the brightest and best deep space objects from the Revised New General Catalog (NGC); selected SAO stars, including the best variable stars and multiple star systems; the planets; the Moon; the Sun; and more. When you are ready to observe, simply input the date, time, and your location into the LCM computer hand control and use the StarPointer red dot finder to point the telescope at any three bright stars, or to two stars and a bright planet or the Moon. The LCM computer system will automatically align itself on the sky. Then, a few keystrokes on the LCM hand control and the computer automatically will slew your scope to any of the 4,033 objects in its memory you choose and track it so you can observe at your leisure. You can find hundreds of fascinating deep space objects your first night out, even if you have never used a telescope before. No matter what level of experience you start from, your LCM scope will unfold all the wonders of the Universe for you, your family, and your friends. For more details, click on the "computer" icon above. Supplied software: The scope comes with a CD-ROM of TheSky X – First Light Edition planetarium and star charting software. This program is a computerized sky map that features a 10,000 object database, 75 color images, horizontal projection, custom sky chart printing, and zoom capability. It will let explore the Universe on your PC or Mac and print out custom star charts of the sky to help you find faint objects that are not in the LCM computer's database. You can also add optional NexRemote telescope control software to allow you to more completely control the scope from your personal computer or laptop so you can keep your eyes on the stars instead of the hand control. Adjustable height tripod: The preassembled tripod has aluminum legs to damp vibrations quickly. The center leg brace holds a convenient no-tool quick-release accessory tray to keep your eyepieces and accessories up and out of the dew-soaked grass. The tripod has maximum height of only 44", however, so be aware that most of your observing will have to be done from a seated position. Two-year warranty: All Celestron telescopes have a two-year warranty, double that of competitive scopes.
is the formula that we use with all of the telescopes we carry, so that
our published specs will be consistent from aperture to aperture, from
manufacturer to manufacturer. Some telescope makers may use other
unspecified methods to determine the limiting magnitude, so their
published figures may differ from ours.
Keep in mind that this
formula does not take into account light loss within the scope, seeing
conditions, the observer's age (visual performance decreases as we get
older), the telescope's age (the reflectivity of telescope mirrors
decreases as they get older), etc. The limiting magnitudes specified by
manufacturers for their telescopes assume very dark skies, trained
observers, and excellent atmospheric transparency – and are therefore
rarely obtainable under average observing conditions. The photographic
limiting magnitude is always greater than the visual (typically by two
The longer the focallength, the higher the magnification and the narrower the field of viewwith any given eyepiece. The shorter the focal length, the lower themagnification and the wider the field of view with the same eyepiece.
Fast f/4 to f/5 focal ratios are generally
best for lower power wide field observing and deep space photography.
Slow f/11 to f/15 focal ratios are usually better suited to higher power
lunar, planetary, and binary star observing and high power photography.
Medium f/6 to f/10 focal ratios work well with either.
An f/5
system can photograph a nebula or other faint extended deep space object
in one-fourth the time of an f/10 system, but the image will be only
one-half as large. Point sources, such as stars, are recorded based on
the aperture, however, rather than the focal ratio – so that the larger
the aperture, the fainter the star you can see or photograph, no matter
what the focal ratio.
Dawes' limit only
applies to point sources of light (stars). Smaller separations can be
resolved in extended objects, such as the planets. For example,
Cassini's Division in the rings of Saturn (0.5 arc seconds across), was
discovered using a 2.5" telescope – which has a Dawes' limit of 1.8 arc
The ability of a telescope to resolve to Dawes' limit is
usually much more affected by seeing conditions, by the difference in
brightness between the binary star components, and by the observer's
visual acuity, than it is by the optical quality of the telescope.


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An easy tutorial will guide you through your first steps in the game.
General view of the game.
The final assignments in the modern age.
Players can act together in clans.
Easily manage all your lands in the control center.
Extended help files.
Resources are needed for most upgrades.
In the modern age the weapons will get bigger and better.
Online strategy games are played against opponents from all over the world. The games often consist of creating your own empire and extend this empire by improving technology and conquer other players. Some browser strategy games have a slow build rate and playing them can take an extended amount of time, sometimes multiple years. Choosing the best strategy will be vital in the long run. Some strategy games are real-time and need some serious online time to defeat your enemies.
A big advantage of online strategy games is that potential everyone from around the world can be your opponent or maybe team player, who can also end up being your enemy. Most strategy games give you a chance to try out your skills and strategies. Even if you are new to the free-to-play strategy game world, many of these browser games offer a beginner's protection and/or a good tutorial which gives you time to learn the basic rules of the game.
In our game you will find the best tutorial and you can even choose your own protection mode. So you can choose to build your empire without being smashed by your big neighbor! Your strategic decisions will have a huge impact on your game play. Multiple races increase the strategy level even further.


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Where to get a Synergy Software Package license file?
Latest Updated:10/13/2016
I've downloaded and installed e2studio ISDE and Synergy Software Package. When creating a new project, I'm asked to point to the valid license file. Where do I find it?
ISDE requires valid license file in order to decrypt and compile selected SSP components. After installing Synergy Software Package, the license file is found in the e2studio_install_directory\internal\projectgen\arm\Licenses\ directory. The license file needs to be selected only once. It will then be used as the default for every new project, with an option to select another one, should you or your company choose to acquire developer or production license for the Synergy Software Package.


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Serious Highway 18 crash reported
VALLEY JUNCTION — A serious motor vehicle crash was reported on Highway 18 in the area of Valley Junction early Saturday afternoon. The crash occurred east of the Spirit Mountain Casino, according to the Oregon State Police.
The highway was partially blocked while the incident was investigated and the scene cleared.


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Using a custom kernel and loader.o
Plenty of other people have already written HOWTO's. You must have udev installed or the 2.6 kernel will not work. Check out The complete Gentoo Linux 2.6 migration guide. Other useful pages are Applying a Kernel Patch and General Kernel Build
Preparing for Install
Download the vanilla kernel source, untar it, and move into the source directory.
# cd /usr/src # wget ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.15.tar.bz2 # tar xvjf linux-2.6.15.tar.bz2 # cd linux-2.6.15
Download the latest kernel patch and apply it. You may need to adjust the name of the patch. The patch should support both the standard Kurobox and HG model. Please report any changes needed to the config files, or any bugs you find, on the forums. Remember to include the type of box you are running, along with any supporting information-- the more information the better.
# wget http://www.kurobox.com/downloads/kernel/kurobox-patch-2-6-15.tar.bz2 # tar xvjf kurobox-patch-2-6-15.tar.bz2 # patch -p1 < kurobox-patch-2-6-15.patch
Configure the Kernel
Next we need to configure the kernel. There is a basic configuration with each patch.
For the standard Kurobox do this:
# cp config_kurobox .config
For the Kurobox HG do this:
# cp config_kuroboxhg .config
If you want to use the standard kernel type this:
# make oldconfig
If you want to customize your kernel type this:
# make menuconfig
Compile and Prepare the Kernel
Make the kernel and make and install the modules. This took just under 2.5 hours on my Kurobox with the standard configuration.
# make vmlinux modules modules_install
loader.o will need a binary of the new kernel, so we'll convert our new kernel and put it in /boot
# objcopy -O binary vmlinux /boot/vmlinux-2.6.15-kurobox
Change to /boot
# cd /boot
If you don't have a copy of loader.o in /boot, you should download a copy from the Kurobox download area. I'm not sure if this one works with the HG, but it does work with the standard Kurobox.
# wget http://www.kurobox.com/downloads/kernel/loader.o
Sync the drive, load the kernel into memory, and jump to the new kernel.
For the standard Kurobox do this:
# sync;insmod loader.o kernel=vmlinux-2.6.15-kurobox
For the Kurobox HG do this:
# sync;insmod -f loader.o kernel=vmlinux-2.6.15-kurobox
If your new kernel works, you can set up the Kurobox bootloader (more on this later).


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Newlywed R&B star Kelly Rowland has confirmed rumors she is pregnant with her first child.
The former Destiny's Child singer sparked speculation she was hiding a baby bump on Saturday (07Jun14), when she performed at a concert in Oklahoma wearing an uncharacteristically over-sized outfit.
She has since gone public with her pregnancy secret by taking to Instagram.com on Tuesday (10Jun14) to share a photo of her man's Air Jordan sneakers, alongside a matching infant-sized pair.
In the accompanying caption, she writes, "I'll be stuntin (sic) like my daddy..."
The news comes a month after Rowland married her manager Tim Witherspoon in a private ceremony in Costa Rica, which was attended by her former bandmates Beyonce and Michelle Williams.
Rowland's kid will be the second Destiny's Child baby - Beyonce is mother to two-year-old daughter Blue Ivy.


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HP has quietly revealed that it plans to abandon its webOS devices: most recently we've seen the HP TouchPad; the Pre3 has only just landed on our doorstep, but this looks like the end of the line for both.
The statement, nestled innocuously in the middle of a press release announcing discussions with Autonomy Corporation, simply reads:
"In addition, HP reported that it plans to announce that it will discontinue operations for webOS devices, specifically the TouchPad and webOS phones. HP will continue to explore options to optimise the value of webOS software going forward."
Interestingly, HP states that it is going to "explore options to optimise the value of webOS", which presumably means it is going to try and bundle it up and sell it on.
The webOS mobile platform has had a rocky start to life. Although offering some interesting features and having a loyal following, the mobile os has never really gained traction with the wider public and has consistently struggled to attract app developers at the pace set by rivals iOS and Android.
More information is detailed in HP's Q3 earnings call, also released today, that justifies the move saying that "The devices have not met internal milestones and financial targets." Clear as day then, HP hasn't achieved the success it was looking for.
The move looks to represent a hefty restructuring for HP, with the announcement today that they are aquiring Autonomy Corporation, which provides a range of software services, which HP states "will accelerate HP's ability to deliver on its strategy to offer cloud-based solutions and software that best addresses the changing needs of businesses."
This restructuring looks to have an impact on their Personal Systems Group (PSG), which includes not only their mobile devices, but also their personal computers, with the report detailing that "HP will consider a broad range of options that may include, among others, a full or partial separation of PSG from HP through a spin-off or other transaction."
Léo Apotheker, HP president and chief executive officer states: "Today's announced plan will allow HP to drive creation of long-term shareholder value through a focus on fewer fronts, thereby improving its ability to execute, invest in innovation and drive a higher-margin business mix."
Big changes then for HP and if you've already forked out for an HP TouchPad, you may be facing a future of limited support and development.


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The fireplace mantle is essential to Christmas decorating, so don't forget to put up beautiful mantel decorations for Christmas. It is where stockings hang, garland drapes, and where votive candles dimly light up the room. No fireplace mantle should go bare during the holiday season when so many holiday decorations are in the stores. The key is not spending more monday than you need to the perfect mantel decorations for Christmas. A fireplace mantle can be transformed into a festive display all within a $10 budget, and we're here to show you how with our holiday mantle decoration ideas.
Mix elements from nature with a few craft store finds and make all the magic happen at home. Add these to your DIY weekend projects, or get the kiddos involved and make it a family activity. There's no need to spend hundreds on decorations – these tips for holiday mantle decorations will inspire you to make the most beautiful display within a budget that still allows for plenty of Christmas shopping.


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Lean and Green wrote:Tasha wrote:Lean and Green wrote:Put anotha AAAAAfffv on Washer
A lot of Yeah Buddies going on in the house.
And a lot more aaaffer's going on at the gym tonight. Throw ddddzz on it !
Yeah Buddy !
10 1/2 weeks out:
Aaaaff As always looking fantastic. I can't wait to see when you guys are cutting. Pool laps, cycling and running