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- slide 1 of 4
In this article we will discuss the steps involved in setting up and using a MobileMe photo gallery as your OS X screensaver. In the past this required a "hack" but with the release of Snow Leopard this function is built-in and works flawlessly. The first thing you will need is a MobileMe account. If you do not already have a MobileMe account simply visit the MobileMe site, click sign up for a free trial and activate your 60-day trial of MobileMe. Once your account is created you will need to create a MobileMe photo gallery. This can be done either manually, using the MobileMe web interface, or by using Apple's iPhoto application.
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To manually create a MobileMe photo gallery using the MobileMe web interface, point your browser to www.me.com and login using your new MobileMe account credentials. Once logged in click the "Gallery" icon in the top left hand corner of the MobileMe web interface. In the left hand pane make sure "My Gallery" is highlighted and click the "+" sign in the bottom left hand corner of the MobileMe web interface. This will bring up the "Album Settings" window which will allow you to create your new MobileMe photo gallery. Once your MobileMe photo album has been created you will need to upload some photos to the album. Click the green arrow, choose which files you would like to upload, and you now have your first MobileMe photo album.
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Now that you have an online MobileMe photo gallery, you will need to enable this gallery in your desktop and screensaver preferences. Right click your desktop and goto "Change Desktop Background" or navigate to your applications folder and open your system preferences. Once you are at the Desktop & Screen saver preference pane you will want to click the "+" sign below the screensavers listed in the left hand pane. You will then be presented with a drop down menu where you can "Add (a) MobileMe Gallery …" At this point you simply need to enter your MobileMe member name, pick which album(s) you would like to use for your screensaver, and you're done!
- slide 4 of 4
A couple points to keep in mind when setting up a MobileMe photo gallery as your screensaver are: 1) any MobileMe album you wish to use as your screensaver must be public (only public MobileMe albums will show up in the list) 2) anyone can use your public MobileMe album(s) as their screensaver as long as they have your MobileMe username 3) you can, in turn, use any public MobileMe album(s) as your screensaver. This is another great way to share MobileMe albums with friends, family, or total strangers!


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Court Allows IRS Counterclaim for Fraudulently Claimed Conservation Easement Deduction to Proceed
Court Allows IRS Counterclaim for Fraudulently Claimed Conservation Easement Deduction to Proceed
The United States District Court for the District of Idaho has refused to dismiss the government's counterclaim for a civil fraud penalty in connection with a couple's $3 million claimed income tax charitable deduction in connection with a donated conservation easement. The government's counterclaim for a civil fraud penalty in connection with claimed Schedule C business expenses was, however, dismissed.
Full Text:
Plaintiffs Alan and Wendy Pesky brought suit against the United States of America seeking a refund for taxes, penalties, and interest assessed against them for the 2003 and 2004 tax years. After a stay of the action and the filing of the First Amended Complaint, the United States filed counterclaims against the Peskys. The Peskys now seek to dismiss the United States' counterclaims for civil fraud penalties due to conservation easement fraud and Schedule C expense fraud pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6).
Alan and Wendy Pesky are husband and wife. The Peskys brought suit against the United States in April 2010 seeking recovery of taxes, penalties, and interest assessed by the United States for the 2003 and 2004 tax years. (Docket No. 1.) The Peskys then moved for partial summary judgment against the United States, but the motion was denied. (Docket No. 54.) On September 20, 2011, the United States moved to stay the action under 26 U.S.C. § 7422(e) because the Internal Revenue Service ("I.R.S.") issued new statutory notices of deficiency against the Peskys for the 2003 and 2004 tax years. (United States' Mot. to Stay (Docket No. 58).) The new notices of deficiency included adjustments to income and expenses as to both Alan and Wendy Pesky, but the notice to Alan Pesky included a civil fraud penalty under 26 U.S.C. § 6663 and additions to tax pursuant to § 6662. (Id. at 2, Ex. B.) The I.R.S. also allegedly issued a statutory notice of deficiency against the Peskys for the 2002 tax year. (Id. at 2; FAC ¶¶ 15-19.)
The court stayed the action pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7422(e) on October 13, 2011. (Docket No. 61.) After an oral request by the parties during a telephonic status conference on September 17, 2012, the court lifted the stay. (Docket No. 71.) The Peskys filed their First Amended Complaint on September 24, 2012.1 (Docket No. 72.) The United States filed its Answer to the First Amended Complaint and its Counterclaim against the Peskys on October 9, 2012. (Docket No. 74.)
The Counterclaim alleges that, in 1993, Alan Pesky began negotiations to acquire a piece of undeveloped property in Blaine County, Idaho ("Ketchum Property"). (Countercl. ¶¶ 13-14.) The Ketchum Property is adjacent to another property where Ernest Hemingway's last home stood ("Hemingway Property"). (Id. ¶ 6.) Mary Hemingway is alleged to have granted an easement to the owners of the Ketchum Property in 1985 ("Hemingway Easement"), though the easement was arguably legally defective. (Id.) Upon Mrs. Hemingway's death, The Nature Conservancy ("TNC") allegedly became the owner of the Hemingway Property and disputed the Ketchum Property owners' right to access the Ketchum Property via the Hemingway Easement. (Id. ¶¶ 7-8.)
Paul MacCaskill and John Hagestad ("M&H"), the owners of the Ketchum Property at the time, allegedly sued TNC to reform the Hemingway Easement and obtain access to the Ketchum Property. (Id. ¶ 12.) TNC allegedly responded to the lawsuit by purchasing an option to buy the Ketchum property. (Id. ¶ 15.)
The United States alleges that Alan Pesky, through his attorney, negotiated and eventually engaged in a transaction with TNC whereby the Peskys would receive the option to buy the Ketchum Property and a perfected easement for a driveway over the Hemingway Property. (Id. ¶¶ 15-36.) In exchange, Alan Pesky is alleged to have given TNC payment as well as a conservation easement that limited development of the Ketchum Property to a single home and related buildings. (Id.)
The United States further alleges that Mr. Pesky attempted to structure the transaction to hide its quid pro quo nature so that he could claim a charitable deduction based on the conservation easement. (Id. ¶¶ 27-30.) Specifically, the United States alleges that the negotiations were for a single transaction, but that the transaction was broken up into separate documents. (Id. ¶ 20.) In the Assignment Agreement, in exchange for $50,000 and the Peskys' agreement to limit the height of any structures on the property ("Easement Agreement"), TNC allegedly agreed to grant the Peskys the option to purchase the Ketchum Property from M&H and agreed to support Mr. Pesky's application for driveway approval with the local authorities ("Driveway Easement"). (Id. Exs. 20, 22-24.) In a separate document called the Pledge Agreement, Mr. Pesky agreed to pay $400,000 to TNC and convey within five years "all right to develop or improve the [Ketchum] Property except for one single-family residence and such accessory buildings as are allowed under applicable zoning." (Id. ¶ 31, Exs. 21, 25.)2
Mr. Pesky is alleged to have consulted an accounting firm as early as February 1993 to discuss the effective profit he would make by selling the Ketchum Property once the charitable deduction for the conservation easement was factored in. (Id. ¶ 38.) The United States also alleges that, at Mr. Pesky's insistence, the Pledge Agreement was never recorded, (id. ¶ 33), and that Mr. Pesky attempted to keep the Pledge Agreement secret from outside parties, including city officials and even appraisers of the property. (Id. ¶¶ 30-34, 56-63, 66, 105-10, Exs. 35-36, 39, 67-71.)
Mr. Pesky allegedly exercised his option to purchase the Ketchum Property for $1.6 million, (id. ¶ 36, Exs. 6, 27), and TNC is alleged to have granted Mr. Pesky an Amended Driveway Easement, (id. ¶ 50, Ex. 34). Mr. Pesky is alleged to have begun marketing the property soon after obtaining the Amended Driveway Easement and eventually sold the property for around $7 million, (id. ¶¶ 65, 97, Ex. 61). After extending the time to comply with the Pledge Agreement, (id. ¶¶ 70, 76, Exs. 41, 45), Mr. Pesky allegedly complied with the terms of the Pledge Agreement by granting a conservation easement to TNC in March 2002, just days before selling the property, (id. ¶ 96, Ex. 60).
Mr. Pesky allegedly reported a charitable deduction of $3 million -- the appraised value of the conservation easement -- on his 2002, 2003, and 2004 tax returns. (Id. ¶¶ 112, Ex. 74.) When the I.R.S. began an audit of Mr. Pesky's tax deductions, he is alleged to have withheld responsive documents, including the Pledge Agreement. (Id. ¶¶ 113-31.)3
On the basis of these facts, the United States brings four counterclaims: (1) conservation easement fraud under 26 U.S.C. § 6663 against Mr. Pesky; (2) Schedule C expense fraud under § 6663 against Mr. Pesky; (3) penalties for failure to file within the time proscribed by law against both Mr. and Mrs. Pesky; and (4) failure to pay assessed amounts under § 6663 or, alternatively, § 6662 against both Mr. and Mrs. Pesky. (Id. ¶¶ 149-79.) The Peskys now move to dismiss the first and second counterclaims under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.
To survive a motion to dismiss, a claimant must plead "only enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007). This "plausibility standard," however, "asks for more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully," Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009), and "[w]here a complaint pleads facts that are 'merely consistent with' a defendant's liability, it 'stops short of the line between possibility and plausibility of entitlement to relief.'" Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 557). In deciding whether a claimant has stated a claim, the court must accept the allegations in the complaint as true and draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the claimant. Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236 (1974), overruled on other grounds by Davis v. Scherer, 468 U.S. 183 (1984); Cruz v. Beto, 405 U.S. 319, 322 (1972).
A. Civil Fraud Penalty under § 6663
Section 6663 provides that "[i]f any part of any underpayment of tax required to be shown on a return is due to fraud, there shall be added to the tax an amount equal to 75 percent of the portion of the underpayment which is attributable to fraud." 26 U.S.C. § 6663(a).
In the context of the seventy-five percent penalty of § 6663,4 "fraud is intentional wrongdoing on the part of the taxpayer with the specific intent to avoid a tax known to be owing." Bradford v. Comm'r, 796 F.2d 303, 307 (9th Cir. 1986) (quoting Akland v. Comm'r, 767 F.2d 618, 621 (9th Cir. 1985)). To establish liability for the civil fraud penalty, "the Government must establish: (1) a knowing falsehood; (2) an intent to evade taxes; and (3) an underpayment of tax." Considine v. United States, 683 F.2d 1285, 1286 (9th Cir. 1982).
The government "must prove fraud by clear and convincing evidence, but intent can be inferred from strong circumstantial evidence." Bradford, 796 F.2d at 307 (quoting Akland, 767 F.2d at 621 (internal citations omitted)); see 26 U.S.C. § 7454(a) ("In any proceeding involving whether the petitioner has been guilty of fraud with intent to evade tax, the burden of proof in respect to such issue shall be upon the Secretary."). "Because fraudulent intent is rarely established by direct evidence, this court has inferred intent from various kinds of circumstantial evidence. These 'badges of fraud' include: (1) understatement of income; (2) inadequate records; (3) failure to file tax returns; (4) implausible or inconsistent explanations of behavior; (5) concealing assets; and (6) failure to cooperate with tax authorities." Id. (internal citations omitted).
- 1. Conservation Easement Fraud
"Section 170(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 allows a deduction for charitable contributions. . . ." Collman v. Comm'r, 511 F.2d 1263, 1266 (9th Cir. 1975); see 26 U.S.C. § 170(a). "A charitable contribution is a gift of property to a charitable organization, made with charitable intent and without the receipt or expectation of receipt of adequate consideration." Mitchell v. Comm'r, 138 T.C. No. 16, 2012 WL 1109342, at *4 (2012) (citing Hernandez v. Comm'r, 490 U.S. 680, 690 (1989); United States v. Am. Bar. Endowment, 477 U.S. 105, 116-18; 26 C.F.R. § 170A-1(h)(1)-(2)). "While a taxpayer is generally not allowed a charitable deduction for a gift of property consisting of less than an entire estate in that property, an exception is made for a 'qualified conservation contribution.'" Id.; see 26 U.S.C. § 170(f)(3)(A), (f)(3)(B)(iii), (h).
Here, the United States alleges that Alan Pesky underpaid his taxes by fraudulently deducting the full value of a conservation easement as a charitable deduction when the easement was obtained through a quid pro quo transaction with TNC. (Countercl. ¶¶ 151-53.) The court has examined over ninety exhibits that the United States attaches in support of its counterclaims. See generally United States v. Corinthian Colleges, 655 F.3d 984, 999 (9th Cir. 2011) (noting that a court may "consider materials that are submitted with and attached to the Complaint" on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss). In its counterclaims and attached exhibits, the United States identifies key documents and communications between the various people alleged to have participated in or been affected by the fraud.
For example, in support of its allegations that the Assignment Agreement and Pledge Agreement were part of a single transaction, the United States attaches internal memoranda shared with Mr. Pesky that detail the negotiations between TNC and the Peskys' attorneys. (See id. Exs. 10-16.) The memoranda note that both the Assignment Agreement and Pledge Agreement were drafted around the same time, (id. Ex. 10), discuss the terms of the Assignment Agreement and the Pledge Agreement in the same memoranda, (id. Ex. 11), as well as have a subject line that refers to the "Nature Conservancy Transaction" in the singular, (id. Exs. 11, 13). The Pledge Agreement notes that it "arises out of" and is "integral with" the Assignment Agreement, (id. Ex. 25), and the minutes from a zoning board meeting include a statement from Mark Elsbree, a TNC employee, that TNC "had agreed to grant Mr. Pesky a reformed easement,5 conditioned upon the fact that he can build one house (and one guest house) there," (id. ¶ 46, Ex. 32).
The United States also includes specific factual allegations and exhibits regarding Mr. Pesky's intent to defraud, such as attempts to keep the Pledge Agreement hidden from city officials, real estate agents, and appraisers, (id. ¶¶ 57-63, 66, 105-09, Exs. 35-36, 39, 67-71), as well as his refusal, through his attorney, to share the Pledge Agreement and other documents with the I.R.S., (id. 116-47, Exs. 76-95). When questioned on the subject, Mr. Pesky is alleged to have claimed a near total lack of recall as to anything related to the Pledge Agreement. (Id. ¶ 148.)
The Peskys argue -- and the United States does not contest -- that the heightened pleading standard of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 9(b) applies to the United States' counterclaims for fraud under § 6663. See Vess v. Ciba-Geigy Corp., USA, 317 F.3d 1097, 1106 (9th Cir. 2003) (stating that averments of fraud must be "specific enough to give defendants notice of the particular misconduct so that they can defend against the charge and not just deny that they have done anything wrong" (internal quotation marks and citations omitted)); Gaughen v. United States, Civ. No. 1:09-2488, 2011 WL 292019, at *2-3 (M.D. Penn. Jan. 27, 2011) (applying Rule 9(b) to the government's answer in a suit by a taxpayer seeking a Rule 12(c) judgment on the pleadings for a refund of § 6663 penalties). But see Payne v. United States, 247 F.2d 481, 485 (8th Cir. 1957) ("We should doubt that [Rule 9(b)] has any application to a complaint in a suit to collect assessed tax deficiencies and fraud penalties, of which the taxpayer has administratively been given due notice of determination, assessment, and demand for payment.").
Assuming, arguendo, that the heightened pleading requirements of Rule 9(b) apply to the United States' counterclaims for civil fraud penalties under § 6663, the United States has more than adequately pled facts of particular misconduct regarding the allegedly fraudulent charitable deduction so that the Peskys can adequately defend against the charge. See Vess, 317 F.3d at 1106.
The Peskys argue that the United States' allegations misconstrue the nature of the transactions at issue and that a close reading of the exhibits forecloses any plausible possibility of fraud by Mr. Pesky. While the court "'need not accept the allegations as being true'" when "material is attached to the complaint which refutes the allegations contained in the complaint," Hores v. Mason, 1999 WL 674588, at *4 (Dist. Idaho July 19, 1999) (quoting Roth v. Garcia Marquez, 942 F.2d 617, 625 (9th Cir. 1991)), the Peskys ask the court to go far beyond this rule and adopt their interpretation of the documents. Such an approach is inappropriate in ruling on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion since the court must draw all reasonable inferences in favor of the claimant. Scheuer, 416 U.S. at 236, overruled on other grounds by Davis, 468 U.S. at 191.
For example, the Peskys argue that exhibits documenting the negotiations show that the Peskys and TNC never negotiated for a one home site restriction in exchange for the option to buy the Ketchum Property, but instead only contemplated a three home site restriction. (See Countercl. Exs. 5, 8, 9.) However, the fact that the attached exhibits may show that the Peskys and TNC discussed alternative arrangements is not inconsistent with the United States' allegations. The fact that the Peskys and TNC may have discussed alternatives during their negotiations does not preclude the inference that they eventually settled upon a one home site restriction as part of the exchange for the option to buy the Ketchum property.
Accepting as true all material allegations in the counterclaims and drawing all reasonable inferences in favor of the United States, the United States has adequately pled a counterclaim for a civil penalty under § 6663 based on the Pesky's allegedly fraudulent charitable deduction for the value of the conservation easement. Thus, the court will not dismiss the United States' first counterclaim.
- 2. Schedule C Fraud
"In general, section 162 allows deductions for ordinary and necessary expenses of carrying on a trade or business." Shelton v. Comm'r, 72 T.C.M. (CCH) 807, 1996 WL 544608, at *4 (1996); 26 U.S.C. § 162(a). "As used in section 162(a), 'ordinary' has been defined as that which is 'normal, usual, or customary' in the taxpayer's trade or business." Id. (citing Deputy v. DuPont, 308 U.S. 488, 495 (1940)). "'Necessary' has been construed to mean 'appropriate' or 'helpful' in the development of the taxpayer's business." Id. (citing Welch v. Helvering, 290 U.S. 111, 113 (1933)). "Unless expressly provided for, section 162 prohibits deductions for personal, living, or family expenses." Id. In an action to impose the civil penalty of § 6663, "fraudulent understatement of income may be established by overstatement of Schedule C expenses." Cooley v. Comm'r, 87 T.C.M. (CCH) 1025, 2004 WL 406756, at *8 (2004) (citations omitted).
In stark contrast to its allegations regarding the conservation easement deduction, the United States' pleadings are conspicuously devoid of factual allegations regarding fraudulent business deductions on the Peskys' Schedule C forms. The Counterclaim includes formulaic allegations of liability under § 6663, (Countcl. ¶ 158), and alleges that Alan Pesky wrongly "claimed expenses incurred by himself personally or by entities other than any of his possible sole proprietorships as ordinary and necessary expenses," including "as a non-exhaustive example[,] . . . expenses for accounting services." (Id. ¶¶ 159-60.) The United States alleges that Mr. Pesky never operated a sole proprietorship that incurred the Schedule C expenses on his 2003 and 2004 tax returns, yet it asserts no factual allegations related to the Schedule C expenses, such as what "possible sole proprietorships" and entities are alleged to have be involved, what expenses were deducted, or what facts lead the United States to believe that Mr. Pesky did not operate a sole proprietorship. The United States has not included enough factual allegations to "nudge[ ] [its] claim[ ] across the line from conceivable to plausible." Twombly, 550 U.S. at 547.6
Thus the court will dismiss the United States' counterclaim for civil penalties under § 6663 due to Mr. Pesky's allegedly fraudulent reporting of business expenses on his Schedule C forms.
Since this is the first motion to dismiss the United States' counterclaims, and the United States appears to be able to cure the deficiency, it will be granted leave to amend. See Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962) ("In the absence of any apparent or declared reason -- such as undue delay, bad faith or dilatory motive on the part of the movant, repeated failure to cure deficiencies by amendments previously allowed, undue prejudice to the opposing party by virtue of allowance of the amendment, futility of amendment, etc. -- the leave sought should, as the rules require, be 'freely given.'); Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a).
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the Peskys' motion to dismiss be, and the same hereby is:
(1) DENIED as to the United States' first counterclaim for a civil fraud penalty under 26 U.S.C. § 6663 due to Alan Pesky's alleged conservation easement fraud; and
(2) GRANTED as to the United States' second counterclaim for a civil fraud penalty under 26 U.S.C. § 6663 due to Alan Pesky's alleged Schedule C fraud.
The United States has twenty days from the date of this Order to file an Amended Counterclaim, if it can do so consistent with this Order.
DATED: January 7, 2013
- William B. Shubb
United States District Judge
1 The Peskys appear to have declined to file a petition for redetermination in the Tax Court within the statutory period, thus giving the United States the option of filing a counterclaim. See 26 U.S.C. § 7422(e) ("If the Secretary prior to the hearing of a suit brought by a taxpayer in a district court . . . mails to the taxpayer a notice that a deficiency has been determined in respect of the tax which is the subject matter of taxpayer's suit, the proceedings in taxpayer's suit shall be stayed. . . . If the taxpayer files a petition with the Tax Court, the district court . . . shall lose jurisdiction of the taxpayer's suit to whatever extent jurisdiction is acquired by the Tax Court. . . . If the taxpayer does not file a petition with the Tax Court for a redetermination of the asserted deficiency, the United States may counterclaim in the taxpayer's suit. . . .").
2 The Pledge Agreement was allegedly secured by a liquidated damages clause and by Alan Pesky granting deeds of trust to TNC. (Countercl. ¶¶ 31, 35, Exs. 25, 26.)
3 The scope of the I.R.S.'s investigation was hotly contested and led to multiple petitions in this court. See Pesky v. United States, Civ. No. 1:10-06789 EJL CWD (Dist. Idaho 2010) (Peskys' petition to quash an I.R.S. summons); United States v. Pesky, Civ. No. 1:10-00143 EJL (Dist. Idaho 2010) (United States' petition to enforce an I.R.S. summons); United States v. Richey, Civ. No. 1:08-00452 EJL (Dist. Idaho 2008) (United States' petition to enforce an I.R.S. summons), consolidated with Civ. No. 1:08-10-00143. In one of the suits, the Ninth Circuit overturned the district court's holding that the entire work file of Mark Richey, the appraiser of the conservation easement, was protected by the attorney-client privilege and by the work-product doctrine, thus remanding the case back to the district court for an in camera examination of the materials summoned by the I.R.S. in order to determine which documents, if any, were protected from disclosure. United States v. Richey, 632 F.3d 559, 566-68 (9th Cir. 2011).
4 The Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-514, 100 Stat. 2085 (1986), amended 26 U.S.C. § 6653(b) to increase the civil penalty for fraud from fifty percent to seventy-five percent. Cooley v. Comm'r, 87 T.C.M. (CCH) 1025, 2004 WL 406756, at *7 n.4 (2004). The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989, Pub. L. No. 101-239, 103 Stat. 2106 (1989), subsequently removed the civil penalty for fraud from § 6653(b) and replaced it with § 6663. Id.
5 The "reformed easement" here could reasonably be interpreted as referring to the Driveway Easement contained in the Assignment Agreement.
6 A fortiori, if the heightened pleading standard of Rule 9(b) applies, the United States also fails to satisfy Rule 9(b)'s particularity requirement for its counterclaim alleging fraudulent reporting of Schedule C expenses.

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Applying the Distributive Property
Lesson 11 of 12
Objective: SWBAT apply the distributive property to generate equivalent expressions
Big Idea: Properties of operations allow mathematicians to rewrite expressions with equivalent expressions and recognize multiple representations of an expression.
Think About It
Students work in partners on the Think About It problem. After 3 minutes of work time, I have students share out the expressions they've come up with. There are a few possibilities here, but the most common expressions from kids will be: 10 x 65 and 10 x 60 + 10 x 5.
I focus the conversation around 10 x 60 + 10 x 5. I'll underline the 10 x 60 in one color, and ten the 10 x 5 in another color. I ask students what the two underlined expressions have in common. Students will identify that each expression has 10 as a factor. I'll ask if 10 (60 + 5), then, is an equivalent expression. We'll refer back to the picture, too, to talk about what the (60 + 5) represents.
Resources (1)
Intro to New Material
To start Example 1 in the Intro to New Material section, I ask students to articulate what 4(5+1) means. I'm looking for someone to name that it is 4 groups of 5 + 1. The first equivalent expression, then, will be what we get when we expand the expression out: 5 + 1 + 5 + 1 + 5 + 1 + 5 + 1+ 5 + 1.
For the second expression, I'll ask students how many 5s there are in the expanded form, and how many 1s there are. We'll write 4(5) + 4(1) as the second expression.
Finally, the third expression will be a simplified version of the second: 20 + 4.
For the Example 1, I don't use the words 'distributive property.' I want students to understand conceptually what is happening when we distribute a coefficient first.
For Example 2, I have students work with their partners to create three equivalent expressions, starting with repeated addition. Students should write: n + 2 + n + 2 + n + 2 = 3(n) + 3(2). Students should also simplify to 3n + 6 by combining like terms.
To prove that 3(n+2) = 3n+6, I have students use substitution. I'll break the class into thirds, and have each third substitute in a different value for n.
I'll then tell students that although we went through multiple steps to create the equivalent expressions 3(n + 2) = 3n + 6, we can apply the distributive property to create these expressions much more easily. We multiply the coefficient by both terms inside the parentheses.
In this lesson, I have students independently complete some Quick Practice problems, before we move into partner practice. This gives me a chance to check for student understanding. After each problem, I'll ask students:
- What is the coefficient? What are the factors?
- How did you create an equivalent expression?
- Why are both expressions equivalent?
Resources (2)
Resources (2)
Partner Practice
Students work in pairs on the Partner Practice problem set. As students work, I circulate around the room and check in with each group. I'm looking for:
- Are students correctly distributing the coefficient?
- Are students accurately rewriting the expression in application of the distributive property?
- Are students correctly recognizing the distributive property when used to create an equivalent expression?
I'm asking:
- What is the coefficient? What are the factors?
- How did you create an equivalent expression?
- Why are both expressions equivalent?
After 10 minutes of partner work time, students independently complete the Check for Understanding problem. I pull one student's work to display on the board. The class critiques the work, giving both positive and critical feedback.
Resources (1)
Independent Practice
Students work on the Independent Practice problem set.
In the first problem, using the distributive property with the expression (n + 4)r may at first seem tricky to kids. I let them struggle a bit here and work to figure it out. Some students will apply the commutative property, and rewrite the expression as r(n+4) before applying the distributive property. Other students may apply the distributive property twice - first the n, and then the 4. Either method is fine!
The proof on Problem 3 may also be difficult, because students need to substitute in for two variables. As I circulate, I make sure to check this problem. It is important to me that students master the distributive property. It's just as important to me that students can reason about their work and prove their claims using examples and non-examples.
Resources (1)
Closing and Exit Ticket
After independent work time, I bring the class back together for a conversation about Problem_6. First, I have students share their expressions with their partners. Then, I have students share out the expressions with the class (we'll come up with more than the two the problem asks for). I'll have a students summarize why the expressions are equivalent, and how the distributive property was applied.
Students then independently complete the Exit Ticket to close the lesson.


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How to Make Silk or Satin Textures in Photoshop
Friday, 30 December 2016
Backgrounds used in ads, logos, or websites can have a significant impact on how your documents are perceived. Different themes need different backgrounds. For instance, high-tech website's backgrounds contain lots of metal, computer parts or circuitry. However, if you are working with fashion, you can try a silky, rippled background to give the appearance of
- Published in Silk DIY Tutorials


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ISA Global Immigration Seminar, Chennai (17th September, 2017)
ISA Global, India's leading Immigration Services Company
Sunday, September 17, 2017 from 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM (IST)
Event Details
Interested in immigration to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Denmark etc?
These countries have become the most popular destinations for people all over the world as they have a very promising job market with among the highest per capita income globally. Most of these countries have an elaborate point system for evaluating and accepting your application.
If you are interested in settling abroad, you can get your profile evaluated free of cost at ISA Immigration Seminar scheduled in your city. ISA offers a technical evaluation for those looking to migrate as it allows us to be sure that you actually qualify for immigration & keeps our success rate high.
To register for the upcoming seminar in your city, click on the "Register" button and complete the details in the registration form. You will get a call back to confirm your participation.
Seminar Details
Date: Sunday, 17th September, 2017
Registration formalities: 2- 2:30pm
Presentations: 2:30 - 4:00pm
One-to-One Interaction: 4:00 - 5:00 pm (based on first-come-first-serve basis & management discretion)
In case you come late, you may be denied entry and will not be able to attend the seminar presentations. You will get the synopsis of the seminar and invited to our office for a one-to-one interaction.
Venue: To be announced soon.
For any assistance, write to email@example.com or call Himanshi/Deepshika at 09953415385
ISA Team
When & Where
Sunday, September 17, 2017 from 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM (IST)
Add to my calendar
ISA Global, India's leading Immigration Services Company
ISA is one of India's leading Immigration Services company, led by IIT-IIM-MIT alumni and an award winning team featured in CNBC and several print media. ISA provides you the widest choice of options in terms of how to manage your visa application, countries you can go to etc. ISA is part of India's leading education group that has trained more than 80,000 students and working professionals and an ISO 9001:2008 certified company.


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COBRA Colloquium Friday December, 14 2012
COBRA COLLOQUIUM: Friday December 14, 2012 at 15:00 – 16:00 in the Film Theater of Grand Café and Film house De Zwarte Doos
Speaker: Prof. David J. Richardson
Title: The World Wide Web of Glass: The Past, Present and Future of Fibre Optics
Abstract: Using sun and reflectors, communicating with light goes back thousands of years. But with the advent of lasers and optical fibres in the latter half of the past century a revolution occurred in the telecommunications industry. A single fibre made of a flexible strand of ultra-pure silica, with a width not much greater than that of a human hair, has the capacity to transmit more than 250 million simultaneous telephone conversations, or to provide 5 million broadband internet connections. Moreover it can do this over transoceanic distances. This explosion in data transfer capacity, speed and system reach has changed the world through the internet and in order to satisfy societies ever increasing communications needs a cloak of optical fibres now covers the globe.
This development of today's fibre networks has only been possible due to a number of key scientific breakthroughs, as well as huge and sustained investment in optical fibre telecommunications technology over the years. Major advances have been required in manufacturing processes, as well as in both component and system concepts. For example, the invention of the optical fibre amplifier at Southampton University in the mid-1980s eliminated signal attenuation as a fundamental limit to the distance and speed that data can be sent through optical fibre cables. Prior to this, signals had to be converted from the optical to the electronic domain every few tens of kilometres and this imposed a huge bottleneck to system capacity. Until recently, it had been widely assumed that the transmission bandwidth available from optical fibres as developed in the mid-70's was effectively infinite relative to our needs. However, due to increased internet uptake and the emergence of new and ever more bandwidth hungry applications, there is a growing realization that this is no longer the case and that there is a significant risk of a capacity crunch in the next 10-20 years without further radical innovation in the underpinning fibre technology.
In this talk I will review the historic development of optical fibre technology and describe the current state-of-the-art in terms of transmission performance. I will then review possible ways forward to avoid the looming bandwidth-crunch ahead. Time permitting I will also describe some of the other emerging applications of fibre technology which range from demonstrating nuclear fusion, use in cutting and welding steel right through to discovering new oil reserves.
Biography: David J. Richardson holds a personal Chair in Photonics at the University of Southampton and is Deputy Director of the Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) where he is responsible for Optical Fibre Device and Systems research. His current interests include amongst others: optical fibre communications, high power fibre lasers and nonlinear fibre optics. He has published more than 800 conference and journal papers in his time at the ORC, and produced over 20 patents. He is a frequent invited speaker at the leading international optics conferences and is an active member of both the national and international optics communities. Prof. Richardson, a founder of SPI Lasers Ltd., was made a Fellow of the Optical Society of America in 2005, a Fellow of the IET in 2008 and most recently a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 2009.
After the colloquium (around 16:00) we organize a mini-colloquium in which three COBRA researchers, one from each of the three COBRA groups, will give a short presentation about his or her work.
For the Photonic Integration Group:
Speaker: Josselin Pello Title: Passive components in IMOS technology
For the Electro Optical Communication Group:
Speaker: Nikolaos Sotirpoulos Title: Advanced modulation formats for optical access networks
For the Photonics and Semiconductor Nanophysics Group:
Speaker: Jia Wang Title: Nanowire Growth Direction Control on InP (100) Substrate
The audience is invited to an informal gathering following the colloquium in the lounge of Grand Café and Film house De Zwarte Doos.
The next COBRA Colloquium will take place on Friday, January 11, 2012
Location: TU/e, the Film Theater of Grand Café and Film house De Zwarte Doos
Time: 15:00 hours


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Lead and radon are known environmental hazards often present in school buildings. Science confirms that these hazards impact our health, but steps can be taken to identify and prevent the harm to children and staff. If your school is located in Southwestern PA, apply for a mini-grant and request funding to test and remediate for lead and radon in your school.
There is NO safe level of lead in a child's blood! Read more!!!Read More
Healthy Schools PA Announces Recipients of 2016-2017 Healthy Schools Recognition Program PITTSBURGH (June 20, 2017) – Healthy Schools PA,…Read More
Asthma at 'epidemic' levels in region's schools, experts say on World Asthma Day May 3, 2017 12:00 AM By Don…Read More
Are your kids at risk? Numerous potential environmental hazards lurk from industrial and power plant emissions, gas wells, compressor stations, mining operations, and active rail lines. More than 336,000 children are impacted by these environmental hazards across 128 school districts in 674 public school buildings in the 10-county Southwestern Pennsylvania region.
Scores of schools and school districts across our region are taking positive steps to help their students thrive in healthier environments. From testing for radon to cleaning green, discover how teachers, staff, and parents are working together to bring about positive change.
Limit Bus Idling to Only Five Minutes
Air pollution caused by bus idling enters the school building through open doors and windows. Children are especially vulnerable to the toxic effects of diesel exhaust because their respiratory systems are not fully developed.


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Rock Doc: "Levitated Mass"
Micheal Heizer's Levitated Mass at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art I Photo: Doug Pray.
JUST ANNOUNCED: The February 12 screening of "Levitated Mass" by the Barrick Museum and Contemporary Arts Center, Las Vegas has another guest: Erin Wright, Associate Producer for the documentary directed by Doug Pray. Wright will join Danielle Kelly for a Q & A after the 2013 rock doc is screened. Via Melissa Peterson:
Erin Wright is Director of Artist Initiatives at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA). Her twenty years of experience in the art world has ranged from Sotheby's auction house to grantmaking for Lannan Foundation to writing and research as an editor for the Edward Ruscha Catalogue Raisonné of Paintings to organizing exhibitions and project management for Gagosian Gallery.
The documentary about land artist Michael Heizer's 340-ton solid granite boulder shipped by trailer from outside Riverside to LACMA will start at 6 p.m. in the Barrick Auditorium. Details
The pre-art installation boulder being prepped for it's trip into Los Angeles. Photo: Ed Fuentes
Comments are closed.
August 2018


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10,000 Gallons of Molasses
In a story reminiscent of the Great Boston Molasses Flood, 10,000 gallons of cattle feed, consisting mostly of molasses, spilled out of a tank owned by Performance Plus, a business in Twin Falls, Idaho.
Link -via Fark
The molasses substance seeped into an auto repair business and an adjoining trailer park after leaking from a storage tank.
General manager of Performance Plus Matt Beed says the company has hired a backhoe contractor to clean up the molasses. Clean up could take up to two weeks.
Link -via Fark
Newest 5 Comments
Actually where I come from, Molasses is intentionally spilled on dirt roads during the dry season to control dust wafting into surrounding homes.
Oh Frau! Johnny Cat and I will have to throw you overboard for that one.
"Clean up could take up to two weeks."
So clean up is going to be as slow as molasses. >_<
So clean up is going to be as slow as molasses. >_<
Read the article as "mole asses" and it makes for a funny read..
I bet that stank. Molasses + whatever + auto repair grease + trailer park scorn = stank.


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Microstructure and chemistry of bufferlayers in multi-layered structures based on high temperature superconducting thin films for ULSI interconnections and passive microwave devicesProject ID: INTAS-1999-00585
Microstructure and chemistry of bufferlayers in multi-layered structures based on high temperature superconducting thin films for ULSI interconnections and passive microwave devices
Detalles del proyecto
Coste total:No disponible
Aportación de la UE:EUR 90 000
Coordinado en:Netherlands
Tema(s):3 - Chemistry
OPEN - OPEN Call
Microwave wireless communications and microelectronics circuitry applications of high-TC superconductors are the most promising areas for a near-term large-scale commercialisation. For wireless communications and ULSI interconnections the development of the industrial-oriented reliable and cost-effective technologies of the HTS-components production requires the subsequent depositions of the complex multi-layered thin film devices. Multi-layered film structures appear to be needed due to a necessity to provide a perfect chemical, structural, mechanical, thermal and physical compatibility between the main ground templates and the superconducting film.
It will consist of
(i) single-crystalline sapphire for microwave passive components;
(ii) single-crystalline silicon for microelectronics circuitry, on one side, and quasi-single-crystalline perfect YBCO film with a very smooth surface and the highest superconducting properties, on the other side.
Working in collaboration, researchers of six European groups/laboratories will jointly study and develop multi-layered thin film compositions based on high-TC superconductors (HTS) for microwave devices in mobile, cellular and space communications as well as for the microelectronics circuitry based on the ULSI as interconnections. The six partners are: the National Centre for HREM (TU Delft, The Netherlands), University of Jena (Jena, Germany), Daresbury Synchrotron Laboratory (Daresbury, UK) Institute for Metal Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kiev, Ukraine), Institute of Solid State and Semiconductor Physics Of Academy of Science of Byelorus (Minsk, Byelorus) and Institute for Applied Physics of Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Kishinev, Moldova).
Within the project it is planned to study the growth mechanisms of oxide and silicide buffer layers and high-TC YBa2Cu3O7 (HTS YBCO) films on various substrates. The formation of extended (linear and planar) microdefects during the multi-layered films deposition as well as crystal lattice defect densities and their spatial distribution and the preferential direction of the films will be correlated to particular nucleation and growth modes. Furthermore, investigations will be performed on the dependencies of the microwave surface resistance, RS, in the temperature and microwave power range below TC versus the density and spatial distributions of the extended defects (in particular, upon the linear defects - growth-induced dislocations). The final goal will be to be able to control all interface phenomena during the deposition, nucleation and growth and further device processing such that devices with the required properties are obtained. Furthermore, it is planned to study the effect of thin gold films deposited on the top of YBCO films (to prevent interaction with environment) on the microwave surface resistance and to determine the reasons of the unpredictable changes in RS as a function of temperature and gold layer thickness.
The interdiffusion mechanisms in YBCO/CoSi2/Si; YBCO/CeO2/CoSi2/Si thin film multilayers will be investigated
(i) to determine the thermal and chemical stability factors for these structures;
(ii) to evaluate the mechanical stress/strain arising within these multi-layered thin films and;
(iii) to determine physical and chemical parameters for the stress reduction.
The interrelation between the formation of defects in multi-layered buffered films and characteristics of crystal structure defects in the single-crystalline silicon substrate will be investigated to determine the reasons for
(i) the pinhole origination in CoSi2 film;
(ii) the surface and interfaces roughness during the deposition and processing. Also it is planned to find out the effective ways to control the defect microstructure in YBCO/CoSi2/Si; YBCO/CeO2/CoSi2/Si thin multilayered films for application as the interconnection components within a semiconductor device.
The participants will use various growth/deposition/processing techniques to develop highly perfect YBCO materials with extremely low microwave surface resistance at 77 K (lower by two order of magnitude than in pure copper) at RF frequency for applications in wireless systems such as filters, resonant structures and antennas. The growth/deposition/processing techniques include pulsed laser deposition, DC and RF magnetron sputtering as well as electron beam evaporation. Apart from research on interfacial phenomena focussed at thin film nucleation and growth, a proper choice of materials in the multilayers and their processing will be important to strongly reduce the so-called 'weakly coupled' regions in YBCO. The extended structure defects in the films are the main sources of the microwave power losses, the surface resistance increase, and the surface roughness and pinholes formation. Controlling a multitude of extended defects formation one can control also the critical current density, JC, which is the most important feature for interconnections.
2628 AL Delft
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2028 Kishinev
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CW8 4AX Warrington
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text:
Amuẓiliyen seg 5 n iseggassen Nov 2013
Amaɣnu n umuẓilyan
Tushar Arora
Volunteer, Community Building, WebVR
- Web enthusiast
- Strong belief in Mozilla's mission
- Love the community
- Passionate about open source
- Javascript Developer by profession
- Currently contributing to WebVR and A-Frame project
Contributions at Mozilla
- Started contributing to Mozilla with FirefoxOS and SuMo
- Proud co-founder and active member of Mozilla Community Rajasthan
- Currently leading efforts in WebVR India community
Speaking Interests
- Latest trends in Javascript
- Web Components
- Firefox Dev Tools
- WebVR
Access Groupsnda
Tagsdeveloper tools, firefox, mozilla, mozilla developer network, mozilla india, sf-monument, thunderbird, web development, webmaker, firefox student ambassadors, apps, mcr - mozilla community rajasthan, firefoxos, techspeakers
Tiwezzaaframe, communication, community management, css, css3, documentation, event planning, firefox, firefoxdevtools, html5, javascript, mozvr, node.js, public speaking, strategic planning, virtual reality, webvr
TutlayinTaglizit, Tahendit
Imiḍanen izɣrayen
- Facebook: tushar.arora.777
- Twitter: TushkiSpeaks
Yettwarfad sɣur
Ram Dayal Vaishnav
Tushar is a dedicated contributor for Mozilla. He is a developer, evangelist, club lead and lot more. He is doing amazing job in Mozilla Community Rajasthan, spoke in so many events, conducted many events. He has also been a part of many superb events of Mozilla, like MiniCamp Jaipur, Mozilla India MozBoot. He is also a good mentor, and bringing many new contributors to Mozilla.
Good luck Tushar :)
Meghraj Suthar
He is an awesome Contributor as well great event speaker. Happy to vouch him.
Biraj Karmakar
He has contributing to Mozilla for an year now.He made two apps for Firefox OS.Also he is running one Firefox club and attended events as a speaker also.


text: A club seemingly perennially on the cusp of something huge, whether it's all hunky dory on the pitch or not at The Lane, things at Tottenham are rarely dull meaning there's always every reason to watch Spurs play football live on TV in pubs. Whatever the situation goals and drama are almost always guaranteed meaning, they're usually on in any Sky Sports pubs - check our homepage to see if Tottenham are playing in the next 2 weeks. If you want our advice, however, you should hobble on down to one of the following top spots in London. They all have a slight (or significant) Spurs preference when the football's on so you can guarantee a lively atmosphere. We'll be adding to this list over time and recommending plenty of Tottenham pubs and bars outside London where you can watch Bale tear down the wing, so let us know your faves here. COYS!


text:
Theatre News
Hugh Dennis aims to tell The Truth in West End next year?
By Editorial Staff
The Outnumbered star is teaming up with director Lindsay Posner on Florian Zeller's play
Al Pacino set for London stage return?
By Editorial Staff
The Hollywood legend will reportedly bring his production of Oscar Wilde's Salome to the West End in 2016
British film Pride set for musical makeover?
Screenwriter Stephen Beresford has revealed that he's "in talks" to turn the film into a West End show
Jason Manford cast in The Producers UK Tour?
By Nicole Goldstein
The comedian has revealed plans to appear in the UK National Tour of Mel Brooks' comedy musical
Lighting blunder leaves Full Monty cast exposed
By Nicole Goldstein
An opening night audience in Manchester got more than they bargained for
Benedict Cumberbatch reveals his ideal Ophelia for Barbican Hamlet?
By Ben Hewis
Talking to Yahoo Movies, the Sherlock star suggested who he'd like to play opposite in his much anticipated Hamlet next year
Michelle Collins stars in West End Graduate revival?
By Editorial Staff
Collins, who told WhatsOnStage she was in 'early talks' to play Mrs Robinson, has confirmed the production is set for a January opening
Benedict Cumberbatch Hamlet to be screened through NT Live?
By Editorial Staff
Negotiations between producers and NT Live are reportedly "well advanced"
Motown moves into West End in Autumn 2015?
Producers have confirmed that the hit Broadway musical will come to London next year
Lenny Henry returns to National in Richard Pryor play?
By Rebecca Donn
The comedian is working with Michael Buffong on a one-man show


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When is it legitimate for a clothing retailer to use the image of a celebrity on clothing without the consent of the celebrity?
IP in Retail Conference 2018 - HGF's sixth annual conference will be held in Leeds on Wednesday 10th October and London Thursday 18th October.
CITMA Webinar 'UK and EU IPO procedure – legally harmonised yet procedurally different'
On 1 July 2018, the IP5 Offices (EPO, KIPO, USPTO, JPO and SIPO) launched a pilot project to test a collaborative approach to international searches under the PCT, particularly with a view to assessing user interest for such a new PCT product and also look at the expected efficiency gains for the participating offices.
The 'Willys MB' truck (also known as a "Jeep") is a well-known vehicle manufactured by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA), first manufactured in 1941.
FCA has filed a complaint with the U.S. International Trade Commission, requesting a ban on a "nearly identical copy" of it's Jeep vehicle by the Indian manufacturer, Mahindra known as the 'Roxor', on the basis of trade mark infringement and copying of the Jeep's trade dress.
Several ASA decisions published today highlight the continued focus by the ASA on advertising high fat, sugar or salt products ("HFSS") to children.


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T-Mobile has announced that it is cutting the data allowance on all of its mobile contracts, down to 500MB from 1GB or 3GB.
But it's not the data allowance cuts that have caused a commotion on the web (although people who were sold a 3GB contract with their smartphone are quite rightly peeved), it's the strange way that T-Mobile has gone about announcing the changes - using a very strongly worded statement that explains exactly what the internet and browsing actually mean.
"Browsing means looking at websites and checking email, but not watching videos, downloading files or playing games. We've got a fair use policy but ours means that you'll always be able to browse the internet, it's only when you go over the fair use amount that you won't be able to download, stream and watch video clips."
Oh really?
Better put down that Android powered superphone with all of its video capabilities for when you're out and about then, because video watching from the web isn't technically browsing.
T-Mobile states: "If you want to download, stream and watch video clips, save that stuff for your home broadband."
That's a pretty tough-line to take in a world that is slowly becoming dominated by multimedia heavy handsets, which T-Mobile seems more than happy to sell.
The 500MB allowance itself isn't really all that different from what T-Mobile's competitors are offering, apart from Three who does offer an unlimited plan.
But smartphone users haven't reacted too well to being given a bit of a lecture by T-Mobile of the aspects of mobile browsing, especially when it came on top of the unwelcome data allowance cut news.


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STRICTLY EMBARGOED UNTIL 00.01 Monday August 4th 2014
Thursday 31st July 2014
The Co-operative Group has been voted the UK's most ethical company over the past 25 years by readers of Ethical Consumer magazine in spite of the problems that have recently beset the company.
The Co-op topped the poll in a readers' survey to mark the 25th birthday of Ethical Consumer magazine.
Ethical Consumer co-director Tim Hunt said:
"Over the past 25 years the Co-op has been at the forefront of the ethical consumer movement. From its supermarket, which was the first retailer to stock only Fairtrade bananas and ban products from the Occupied Palestinian Territories, to the pioneering ethical policy of its bank, the Co-operative Group has been a genuine ethical trailblazer."
"Many commentators have had their knives out for the Co-op Group in recent months. Ethical Consumer's readers however are able to see through the spin and realise that despite the problems the Co-op remains an ethical business at heart – at least for the time being."
In the same survey the controversial multi-national food giant Nestlé topped the poll as the least ethical company over the past 25 years.
The Swiss-based company is the subject of the world's longest-running boycott with activists campaigning against the marketing of its baby milk formula for over 30 years.
"Our poll shows that people still feel strongly about Nestlé even after so many years, despite the company's best efforts at greenwash by using Fairtrade chocolate in some of its products. From baby milk to Kit Kats and across all its product lines, Nestlé's brands score just 1 out of 14 on our ethical rankings tables."
In the same survey Amazon, Tesco and Shell were named as the most boycotted companies.
The top 10 most ethical companies over the past 25 years as voted by Ethical Consumer readers are:
Co-op; Lush, Traidcraft; Triodos; People Tree; Ecotricity; Suma; Good Energy; Riverford; John Lewis.
The top ten least ethical companies over the past 25 years as voted by Ethical Consumer readers are:
Nestlé; Monsanto; Amazon; Shell; Tesco; Barclays; Exxon; Wal Mart; Coca Cola; Primark
The most boycotted companies as voted by Ethical Consumer readers are:
Amazon; Tesco; Shell; Primark; Coke.
1 Details on the reader survey can be seen here >
2 Readers were asked what was the biggest action they had taken to reduce their environmental impact. The top five answers were:
Changed electricity suppliers; gone vegan, bought solar panels; started cycling for transport; stopped flying.
3 Readers were asked what was their most difficult ethical shopping decision. The top five answers were:
Stop using Amazon; stop flying; boycotting unethical clothing retailers; not upgrading my mobile phone; stop eating meat.
4 Readers were asked what will be the most important developments for ethical shopping over the next 25 years. The top five answers were:
Better ethical labelling; more Fairtrade products; greater transparency from companies; clamping down on tax avoidance; greater use of social media to share ethical shopping choices.
5 Readers were asked what product or brand they would like to be ethical that currently isn't.
The most popular response was Apple.
6 Launched in 1989 Ethical Consumer is the UK's leading ethical and environmental magazine. In each issue Ethical Consumer examines the ethical and environmental record of the companies behind everyday products and services from bread to banks.
For more information contact us via our contact form >
Tweet this Share this
Ethical Consumer on Google+


text:
InfoJanuary 8, 2014 · Press Release
Social Media
Kent Clothier Welcomes his Own Real Estate Investment Mentor Todd Dotson
Kent Clothier announces that Todd Dotson, highly acclaimed real estate investment expert and Clothier's very own mentor, will be joining Real Estate World Wide in his capacity as a teacher and coach.Press Release VideoLoading the player...Details(prREACH)
(San Diego, CA. January 6, 2014) —Kent Clothier proudly announced the first week of January that his long time mentor and coach Todd Dotson will be joining the team at Real Estate World Wide in order to help real estate investors across the country get access to the best coaching possible.
Dotson, of Arlington Texas, started investing in real estate over fifteen years ago, earning millions of dollars in markets all around the country; as a result, he has gained a reputation as one of the brightest stars in the real estate investment industry.
Of Dotson's methods, one website says, "Todd brings a reality-based approach to the business of real estate investing with an emphasis on buying and selling to create immediate cash and a system for parlaying that into wealth."
With precision and insight, Dotson is known for teaching his investment students a "fast, reliable, and bankable" process for wholesale real estate investing; that knowledge combined with Clothiers systems and reverse wholesaling methodology is what REWW has in store for its members and students.
Clothier, himself a well known real estate investment expert, coach and author, and widely known for his state of the art systems and coaching, said of Dotson and his team, "These guys flew out and coached me... without them I would have never ever got to the levels I am at this point. This played a critical role in my success."
General consensus among the successful in the real estate investment community is that a good coach or mentor is absolutely essential to success. Dotson, and his team at REWW, will be available to members for up close and personal training on location, phone coaching, special webinars and events and more.
"Life is too short to spend time living someone else's dream. My passion is helping entrepreneurs and real estate investors to make that shift in their businesses and lives so they can achieve results now." With the expansion of Clothier's team to include Real Estate Investment Coach Todd Dotson, his dream of helping others achieve their dreams can reach even further than before.
To find out more about working with Clothier and Todd Dotson, check out Clothier's post on the subject.
About Kent Clothier
Kent Clothier is President and CEO of Real Estate World Wide (REWW), a multi-faceted real estate education company with headquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona; San Diego, California, and Boca Raton, Florida.VideoLinksQuotes"Life is too short to spend time living someone else's dream. My passion is helping entrepreneurs and real estate investors to make that SHIFT in their businesses and lives so they can achieve results NOW".ImagesContact
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This new book will be a core text for undergraduate Maternity/Newborn courses. It also will work for courses emphasizing Women's Health across the lifespan. Coverage includes core content on preconception, pregnancy, labor, birth, and postpartum. In addition, the text focuses on important topics throughout a woman's life: health promotion, nutrition, medical issues, psychosocial issues, sexuality, family, fertility control and issues, menopause, and aging. While other texts touch on the different stages of a woman's lifespan, this book provides more detail and information in areas outside the average maternity text.REFERENCES ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice. (2002). ... Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 50(RR10), 1a25. ... Accessed April 2, 2006, www.fda. gov/cder/guidance/4825fml.pdf Food and Drug Administration. ... Bethesda, MD: Military Medical Operations Office, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute.
|Maternity, Newborn, and Women's Health Nursing
|Susan A. Orshan
|Lippincott Williams & Wilkins - 2008
You must register with us as either a Registered User before you can Download this Book. You'll be greeted by a simple sign-up page.
Once you have finished the sign-up process, you will be redirected to your download Book page.How it works:


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Spring Fun: Watch Addison Russell Ninja Over a Ball to Avoid Being Hit
In today's game, Addison Russell was on first base when Jeimer Candelario stroked one toward second base, ticketed for right field. Unfortunately, it was going to hit Russell before it got to right field.
Which is why Russell busted out his best leap and roll ninja move to avoid the ball:
Russell flips over this Candelario single like a ninja!! @Addison_Russell you never cease to amaze! pic.twitter.com/OvvexA1Kec
— Jon Ferlise (@CubsKingdom) March 9, 2016
It should be no surprise that Russell can pull off moves like that.


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Dear pro-Life Catholics: Stop whining and start fighting!
Pro-life Catholics have described the mid-way report from the synod (on sex) as a 'betrayal'... [ LINK ]
'Betrayal' implies an element of surprise....
Are you surprised, really?
Haven't you been paying attention to the words and actions of bergoglio from the moment he stepped out on the balcony?
This is the man that said the Church must stop "obsessing" over pro-Life issues.
There is no 'betrayal' here.
For God's sake wake up. Stop whining and start fighting.
All of this nicey-nice talk of 'betrayal' is going to get you nowhere... except perhaps to the head of the line for the guillotine.
For God's sake fight! Fight like your lives depended on it... and the lives of your children... the lives of unborn children... the lives of elderly...
... and the souls of those nearest and dearest to you... and also of those strangers you will never meet.... we are all depending on you... please, for God's sake wake up and fight!


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Stomach aches and spitting up are usually just a normal part of babyhood. Here's how to handle the common problems and know when to call your pediatrician.
• Burp your baby. During the first few months, most babies will spit up small amounts of breast milk or formula after feedings. This can be messy, but it isn't harmful and doesn't interfere with weight gain. Spitting up typically ends by age 1, but burping your baby in the middle of and after feedings can help control it.
• Avoid overfeeding. Smaller, more frequent feedings may be easier for your baby to digest. If he's letting go of the nipple or looking away, it may be time to stop.
• Rest after meals. Limiting active play and keeping your child upright for about 30 minutes after feedings can help him keep his food down. If spitting up appears to occur all the time—not only after meals—or if feeding causes distress, your child may have gastroesophageal reflux, which occurs when certain digestive muscles relax, allowing the stomach contents to back up. Your baby's doctor can recommend treatment.
• Don't discount fussiness. Since many babies don't even seem to notice spitting up, your baby's mood can be a clue to his condition. If he's upset, or if spitting up is forceful or produces a greater volume than normal, he may be vomiting. After the first few months of life, the most common cause of vomiting is a viral stomach or intestinal infection. Call his doctor and give him extra fluids (such as breast milk or formula) to prevent dehydration, a potentially serious condition. Signs of dehydration include a lack of tears or urine or a depression of the 'soft spot' on the top of the head. In most cases, vomiting will stop on its own—don't use any type of remedy without talking to your pediatrician first.
• Watch for warning signs. Call your baby's doctor right away if your child has any of these symptoms: blood or bile (a green fluid) in her vomit; strenuous, repeated vomiting; a swollen abdomen; lethargy or severe irritability; dehydration; or inability to drink enough fluid.


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Seems that some kids at a school in Basingstoke wrote a DOCTOR WHO mini-episode.
Take a look at their faces as the DW production team, which has come to their school, shows them the finished product. There are a few surprises, too.
In Britain, DOCTOR WHO is a children's show that has been part of the fabric of growing up since 1963.I can only imagine what it was like for these elementary school kids to have been part of the show.
And here's the actual show.
Fun, and there's a fez involved, so that's, of course, very cool.
Wednesday, October 05, 2011
Video: DOCTOR WHO: "Death is the Only Answer"
Posted by Mike Lynch at 8:31 AM
Labels: Doctor Who, Video
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text: Top 10 Most-Viewed Ag Machinery Videos of 2013 December 5, 2013 11:00 PM Tweet TAGS: Marketing, Overseas December 18, 2014 By Nate Birt Top Producer Managing Editor Email In 2013, agricultural equipment manufacturers unveiled exciting innovations for farmers in the form of new machines. Meanwhile, timeless issues such as equipment safety and longstanding favorites such as classic tractors continued to catch AgWeb viewers' eyes. So what are you waiting for? Sit back, relax and enjoy the top 10 most-viewed machinery videos of the year. No. 1: Watch How the Kinze Electric-Drive Vacuum Meter Works No. 2: Up to the Axles: How to Un-Stick Your Equipment No. 3: Tribine Introduced at 2013 Ag Connect No. 4: John Deere Video Introduction of MY14 8R Tractor No. 5: Avoid Tractor Crashes By Sharing Rural Roads No. 6: Roll-Belt 560 Round Baler from New Holland No. 7: Tractor Tales: 1949 Minneapolis Moline RTS No. 8: Shatter Soil Shank-to-Shank with this Tillage System No. 9: Hand Packing a Bearing No. 10: Tractor Tales: 1950 Allis-Chalmers WD Back to news


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A scenario and each entity in it are defined by their attributes. An attribute is a value customizable by the user, and it has some function tied to it. For example position object attribute tells engine where to create the object, and respawn scenario attributes determines what rule set will be used when players respawn.
Each attribute is configured in the global Config.cpp. Major engine-driven attributes are already present in the default Editor and can be modified to a degree. Modders can also add completely new attributes and decide how will they appear in the attribute window and what scripted functionality will they execute in the scenario.
Attributes can be added for general entity type (e.g., shared by all objects) or for specific entity types (e.g., just for BLUFOR Rifleman). An entity type can also override default values of general attributes (e.g., story character can have customized name and rank).
| Attributes are available only within the Eden Editor workspace. You cannot access them in scenario preview or exported scenario!
A scripted expression is used to apply their values in the scenario (see below).
Structure 编辑
Attributes are configured and presented in the following structure:
- Owner - defines what does the attribute set. Can be an entity, a scenario or editor preferences. In user interface, this is the whole attributes window.
- └ Category - thematic category. Used only for sorting in the window, has no effect on the scenario.
- └ Attribute - setting itself, represented by tailored user interface.
Configuration 编辑
Entity 编辑
General 编辑
General attributes are available for all entity classes of given type. Optional conditions can be applied to show the attribute only for limited subset of entities. For example rank attribute is shared by every object, be it a character, a vehicle or a prop. But its condition makes sure only characters have it available.
Attribute functionality is determined by its expression property. It is a code called at the scenario start, and it's purpose is to apply the attribute's value. The expression is saved to the scenario file together with value, which makes it independent on the addon which introduced the attribute. Only attributes with values different from the default are saved to the scenario file, which means only their expression will be called.
class Cfg3DEN { // Configuration of all objects class Object { // Categories collapsible in "Edit Attributes" window class AttributeCategories { // Category class, can be anything class MyCategory { displayName = "Object Init"; // Category name visible in Edit Attributes window collapsed = 1; // When 1, the category is collapsed by default class Attributes { // Attribute class, can be anything class MyAttribute { //--- Mandatory properties displayName = "My Attribute"; // Name assigned to UI control class Title tooltip = "Configure all the things!"; // Tooltip assigned to UI control class Title property = "MyAttributeUniqueID"; // Unique config property name saved in SQM control = "Edit"; // UI control base class displayed in Edit Attributes window, points to Cfg3DEN >> Attributes // Expression called when applying the attribute in Eden and at the scenario start // The expression is called twice - first for data validation, and second for actual saving // Entity is passed as _this, value is passed as _value // %s is replaced by attribute config name. It can be used only once in the expression // In MP scenario, the expression is called only on server. expression = "_this setVariable [%s,_value];"; // Expression called when custom property is undefined yet (i.e., when setting the attribute for the first time) // Entity is passed as _this // Returned value is the default value // Used when no value is returned, or when it's of other type than NUMBER, STRING or ARRAY // Custom attributes of logic entities (e.g., modules) are saved always, even when they have default value defaultValue = "42"; //--- Optional properties unique = 0; // When 1, only one entity of the type can have the value in the mission (used for example for variable names or player control) validate = "number"; // Validate the value before saving. Can be "none", "expression", "condition", "number" or "variable" condition = "object"; // Condition for attribute to appear (see the table below) typeName = "NUMBER"; // Defines data type of saved value, can be STRING, NUMBER or BOOL. Used only when control is "Combo", "Edit" or their variants }; }; }; }; }; };
Entity Specific 编辑
Some entities can also have attributes available only for them. This is most commonly used by systems - for example Air Strike module can have attribute for picking attack type and plane used, both of which would be unusable by other modules.
Entity specific attributes are configured directly in the entity class. For user, they are visible in single category which also shows entity name.
- CfgVehicles - objects and systems
- CfgNonAIVehicles - triggers
- CfgWaypoints - waypoints
- CfgMarkers - markers
class CfgVehicles { class B_Soldier_F; class MyEntity: Soldier_F // Your entity class { class Attributes // Entity attributes have no categories, they are all defined directly in class Attributes { class MyEntityAttribute { // ... attribute properties, see entity attributes }; }; }; };
Scenario 编辑
Some attributes are available for the scenario as a whole. Instead of belonging to an entity, they are configured for a section. All attributes within a section are shown in one window, for example weather and time of the day settings are in Environment section, while scenario name or picture are in Scenario section.
Scenario attributes work together with properties in Description.ext. An attribute "respawnDelay" can be configurable in Eden, but it can be also defined in the external file like this:
respawn = 10;
Values in external files have priority over the ones set in the Eden Editor.
Configuration of scenario attributes is similar to general entity attributes. Sections are placed in pre-defined Mission class, and they contain attribute categories with attributes in them.
class Cfg3DEN { class Mission { class MySection // Custom section class, everything inside will be opened in one window { displayName = "My Attributes"; // Text visible in the window title as "Edit <displayName>" display = "Display3DENEditAttributesPreview"; // Optional - display for attributes window. Must have the same structure and IDCs as the default Display3DENEditAttributes class AttributeCategories { // The following structure is the same as the one used for entity attributes class MyMissionCategory { class Attributes { class MyMissionAttribute { property = "MyMissionAttributeUniqueID"; }; }; }; }; }; }; };
Consider adding a link to this new section to the Menu Bar.
Special script commands can be used to manipulate scenario attributes:
- Open window with attributes belonging to given section:
edit3DENMissionAttributes "MySection";
- Set value of scenario attributes:
set3DENMissionAttributes [["MySection","MyMissionAttributeUniqueID",42]]
- Get value of scenario attribute:
_myAttributes = "MySection" get3DENMissionAttribute "MyMissionAttributeUniqueID";
- Access attribute value in the scenario itself. Compatible with Eden Editor attributes and with properties defined in external Description.ext file.
getMissionConfigValue "MyMissionAttributeUniqueID"
Preferences 编辑
There is a special scenario attribute section called Preferences. Any attribute configured in it will be saved in player's profile instead of inside mission file. This is used for global editor preferences, like camera speed or autosave settings.
Values are saved to <profileName>.3den.Arma3Profile file in your profile folder. As opposed to scripted variables, they are saved unbinarized and can be edited manually.
class Cfg3DEN { class Mission { class Preferences // Anything in this section will be displayed in Editor Preferences { class AttributeCategories { // ... Attribute categories }; }; }; };
Presets 编辑
Apart from being able to add their own attributes, entities can also overwrite default values of general attributes. This can be useful for customizing story character (a character can have pre-defined name, face and rank, but mission designer will be still able to change it).
In the example below, we create a trigger with custom area size:
class CfgNonAIVehicles { class EmptyDetector; class MyTrigger: EmptyDetector { class AttributeValues { sizeA = 1000; // Property name match the attribute name sizeB = 1000; }; }; };
Properties 编辑
Condition 编辑
Conditions are written as simple expressions. Example:
condition = "objectControllable + objectVehicle";
All characters and vehicles will have this attribute.
Supported conditions:
|For Type
|Object with simulation "soldier" or "UAVpilot"
|Object with simulation "soldier"
|Object with non-empty agentTasks[], i.e., animals
|Vehicle which can be boarded
|Object which is simulated (e.g., falls down when in the air)
|Indestructible object, i.e., when destrType config property set not DestructNo
|Logic which is a module (vehicleClass config property is "Modules")
Validation 编辑
Text input fields allow user to type in any value. This is undesired for many attributes, for example entity rotation expects number, and using a string would break it. For these cases, it's possible to enable optional data validation. Validation type is set using _validate_ property in the attribute config:
validate = "number";
The following table lists all available options:
|Default, without restrictions
|Variable names
|Can contain only a-z, A-Z, 0-9 and _ characters.
|Code input. Offers autocomplete for known scripting commands.
|Must be valid scripted expressions
|Code input, returned value is expected. Offers autocomplete for known scripting commands.
|Must be valid scripted expressions
|Numerical input.
|Must be real number
Control 编辑
Entity attributes in Eden Editor are represented by specific UI controls. By default, the game offers a wide range of pre-define controls, and you also can create new ones tailored for specific attributes.
List 编辑
Full article - Eden Editor: Modding Attributes: Controls
Configuration 编辑
New UI controls can be added to introduce more advanced functionality. They are Controls, not Displays, and they are define in Cfg3DEN >> Attributes. Using controls group will allow you to create more complicated structures. Configuration is possible only in global Config.cpp, not in Description.ext.
See Eden Editor: User Interface for more details about GUI configuration.
// Include Eden Editor UI macros // For attributes, you'll be interested in these: // ATTRIBUTE_TITLE_W - title width // ATTRIBUTE_CONTENT_W - content width #include "\a3\3DEN\UI\macros.inc" // Inherit base classes class ctrlEdit; class Cfg3DEN { class Attributes // Attribute UI controls are placed in this pre-defined class { // Base class templates class Default; // Empty template with pre-defined width and single line height class Title: Default { class Controls { class Title; }; }; // Two-column template with title on the left and space for content on the right class TitleWide: Default { class Controls { class Title; }; }; // Template with full-width single line title and space for content below it // Your attribute class class MyAttributeControl: Title { // Expression called when the control is loaded, used to apply the value // Passed params are: _this - control, _value - saved value attributeLoad = "(_this controlsGroupCtrl 100) ctrlSetText _value"; // Expression called when attributes window is closed and changes confirmed. Used to save the value. // Passed param: _this - control attributeSave = "ctrlText (_this controlsGroupCtrl 100)"; // List of controls, structure is the same as with any other controls group class Controls: Controls { class Title: Title{}; // Inherit existing title control. Text of any control with class Title will be changed to attribute displayName class Value: ctrlEdit { idc = 100; x = ATTRIBUTE_TITLE_W * GRID_W; w = ATTRIBUTE_CONTENT_W * GRID_W; h = SIZE_M * GRID_H; }; }; }; }; };
Scripting Commands 编辑
For full list of Eden Editor commands, see Command Group: Eden Editor


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You Pay: $209.95
The Smith Victor KSB-500F Economy Soft Box Light Kit (120V) is a great Starter kit for the beginner or occasional photographer, videographer or e-commerce business person.
The kit is built around the SBL-1 fixture with a 10' power cable, in-line switch and 24 x 32" integrated soft box. The provided 5500K, daylight-balanced 75W lamp yields a 300W tungsten equivalent of soft flattering light. The fixture is capable of handling up to 500W tungsten lamps should you need a boost in output. The kit is rounded out by an 8.0' light stand.
For complete specs on the items included in this kit please click on the links below:
|Input Voltage
|1x 75W spiral fluorescent (E-26 base)
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|37.0 x 10.0 x 9.0"


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Biology students at Hartwick work closely with professors to move beyond coursework and into real research experiences. We are convinced that the best way to learn biology is by doing it. All biology majors must complete BIOL 490, Senior Project. This research-based, capstone experience is written up as a senior thesis and presented at a research symposium in May. Student research is published in the department's online Journal of Biological Research. Some students even present their research at professional conferences and co-author articles published in professional journals.
Recent senior projects:
Recent student presentations:
Recent student co-authored articles:
Department of Biology Journal of Biological Research
The Biology Department is housed in Johnstone Science Center (JSC). Teaching and student-faculty research in JSC is supported by modern facilities and equipment such as: phase-contrast, fluorescence and electron microscopes; computer-assisted physiographs; facilities for housing and conducting surgery on animals; ultracold freezers; a Biotechnology Center with equipment for eletrophoresis, genetic engineering, cloning, and immunology; the Corning tissue culture room; a greenhouse; an herbarium; and field equipment for ecological studies of plants and animals. Hartwick students have complete access to all of this equipment as they develop research their skills. This gives our students a distinct advantage in graduate school, professional school, or industry.
In addition to its facilities on the main campus, the biology department also makes extensive use of Pine Lake Environmental Campus and the adjacent 2,400 acre Robert V. Riddell State Park, about 8 miles from the main campus. Biology research and classes are centered at the Robert R. Smith Field Laboratory, which houses a classroom and lab space equipped with computers, microscopes, analytical equipment, and storage space for field equipment.
Several off-campus biology courses offered during January Term provide intensive field experience in tropical biology in the Bahamas, Costa Rica, Thailand and Madagascar. The department maintains a close working relationship with the Gerace Research Center, on San Salvador Island, and with the Organization for Tropical Studies, a consortium of about 50 major universities and colleges in the U.S. and Latin America, headquartered in Costa Rica.
Off-campus January term courses:
Each spring semester, Biology and Biochemistry students are inducted into Beta Beta Beta (TriBeta), a national honor society for students who are dedicated to improving their understanding and appreciation of biology and to extending our human knowledge of the environment through scientific research. Members of TriBeta organize a biology speaker series, visit museums, conduct educational programs for school children, and attend a regional conference to present their senior research projects.


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To qualify for Federal Housing Administration down payment assistance, a borrower must pass the Federal Housing Administration lender and down payment assistance program's reviews, and must have a minimum credit score of 580 and 500 for 3.5 and 10 percent down payments, according to SF Gate. Lenders may need more requirements.Continue Reading
The primary Federal Housing Administration loan involves 96.5 percent of the value of purchase, as explained by SF Gate. The down payment assistance on the other hand is only subordinate to the primary loan, meaning it should only be settled after the Federal Housing Loan has been paid in full amount. As a result, the lender of the down payment assistance must have an assurance that the borrower has the ability to clear the debt owed to the Federal Housing Administration.
In addition to the minimum credit requirement set by the Federal Housing Administration, the loan lenders may set their minimum requirements as well, says SF Gate. These are referred to as overlay requirements and may be more difficult to meet than those of the Federal Housing Administration. In most cases, overlays require borrowers to meet a minimum credit score of 640. This overlay remains unaffected by the down payment amount of the borrower.Learn more about Social Services


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Within New Zealand, or from other parts of the world:
Within Asia, call us on:
Within Europe, call us on:
Within Australia, call us on:
For more information check out our media kit
Breaking news? Company updates? Product launch? Send us your press releases or news opportunities to:
(South Africa), firstname.lastname@example.com (


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Sign up early and save money on your registration. Take advantage of last year's prices through December 1st; registration will go up to $75 for the 25k, $95 for the 50k, and $120 for the double after December 1st, so if you're planning on getting muddy in 2018, don't delay! Parking passes are included in this year's registration fees.Hagg Mud went cupless in 2017! Hagg Mud will no longer have cups at any aid station for liquids. Please plan on bringing your own cup for aid station refreshment. We feel this is a smart thing to do for the environment. We will also be introducing new recycling initiatives to our race in order to limit our environmental impact.Here are some important dates:January 15th is the last day to order a long sleeve tech shirt for this years race. Race shirts are no longer included with your registration and must be purchased separately. Race registration will continue up until race day. There is no cap to the number of runners who can run either Saturday or Sunday. Tell your friends and family to sign up!Training Run OpportunitiesJanuary 6, 9:00am - Hagg Lake 9:00am January 27, Hagg Lake, Trail Work Party 9:00am, everyone who attends gets free parking at the lake.What a better way to prepare for race day than to run around Hagg Lake! We meet at the large parking lot on the far side of the dam. January 27th we will work to ensure the trail is ready for race day. We meet at the large parking lot on the other side of the dam. Please let us know if you have any questions.
IMPORTANT: Hagg Mud does not provide refunds should you be unable to run on race day. We also do not accept transfers. There are no exceptions to this policy. Please know that your race fee is going to a non profit that helps further the sport of running in our community.Hagg Mud is a running event; it is not a walking event. We understand that walkers would like to participate but we need to keep in mind our volunteers that are working race day, so we must enforce cutoffs that require an average pace of 17:10 per mile. You will be pulled from the course if you do not make the stated cutoff times.50K Start Time - 7:00am, Saturday, Feb 17, 2018Cutoff for the first lap is 12:00pm. Any runner not through the start/finish line for their second lap will be unable to continue. We are adding additional cut off times in 2018. You must be through the dam aid station by 1:15 pm and through the Fenders Blue aid station by 3:00 pm. This is a 17:10 minute average pace per mile.25k Start Time - 9:00am, Sunday, Feb 18, 2018
Please note if you register AFTER Tuesday February 13th, you can only pick up your bib at the event. Your bib will not be at either of the early packet pickups.
The 50K consists of a group start at Boat Ramp C parking area. New in 2018: we will be adding the loop around the Boat Ramp C parking lot at the start in order to spread out runners before hitting the trail. Runners enjoy a little over 3 miles of an out-and-back on a gravel road. This really helps runners to spread everyone out along the course. Please note that this is the biggest elevation change you will encounter for the entire race. When runners come back through the Sain Creek Pavilion, they'll have a chance to shed clothing and prepare for the trails. This is when the mud starts. You will run around Hagg Lake counter clockwise 2 times on the single track trail, pass by a 5 aid stations including the start finish, and eventually make your way back for the post race festivities.
The 25K consists of a group start at Boat Ramp C parking area running through the parking lot that helps spread out the runners. Runners will then go through the Sain Creek Pavilion and parking lot up Sain Creek Rd. Runners enjoy a little less than 1.5 miles of an out-and-back on a gravel road. Please note that this is the biggest elevation change you will encounter for the entire race. Runners will then come back through Sain Creek Pavillon to hit the trail. This is when the mud starts. You will run around Hagg Lake counter clockwise 1 time on the single track trail, pass by a 2 aid stations and eventually make your way back for the post race festivities.
This year's shirt is a comfy t-shirt weight hoodie long sleeve with the Hagg Mud logo on the chest. Perfect for slipping on after you leave the trail, this lightweight hoodie will remind you of your muddy adventure every time you put it on. Unisex sizing. Orders must be placed by January 15th to guarantee a shirt. Limited stock will be available for purchase at the race.