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These six cards represent one of the earliest known team sets. The Troy Haymakers were among the best known traveling squads of the tme. These photos were taken at a studio in Lansingburg, N.Y. Since these cards are unnumbered, we have sequenced them in alphabetical order.
|Price Low
|Price High


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The 80s excelled at using sex to grab attention. Here's a perfect example, but with a twist. This is a little something—short shorts and Tom Selleck chest hair—for all The Retroist Ladies.
Does the narrator have a sensual? Fugetaboutit!
[Via] I Ran Videos
Mmmm. Wiggle.
Hi. My name is Aeryk. Essentially I'm puppy's breath, a child's laughter, and the sense of satisfaction one gets from snagging a meaty nose goblin whole, all rolled into one.
Mostly I watch movies. Mostly.
Mostly I watch movies. Mostly.
Latest posts by Aeryk (see all)
- Night Flight: Dynaman - April 25, 2015
- Night Flight is Back! - April 17, 2015
- Night Flight: J-Men Forever - April 5, 2015

subset: commoncrawl


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Ford Motor Company and Navistar are the companies that are the primary parties in the 6.0-liter Powerstroke diesel engine recall. The recall affected Ford Super Duty pickups and E-series vans that were equipped with the engine and sold between 2003 to 2007.Continue Reading
Ford Motor Company was subject to class action lawsuits by users claiming defects in the 6.0-liter Powerstroke engines that included a variety of problems with the turbochargers, the fuel system and other components. Ford responded by suing Navistar, the company that it had contracted to design and build the engine, for $493 million. Ford claimed that design flaws by Navistar in the 6.0-liter Powerstroke engine caused excessively high repair rates and warranty costs.Learn more about Corporations


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The Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) has released a new protocol for AANDC Funded Infrastructure. The new protocol provides an up-to-date listing of applicable statutes and regulations that must be complied with (Section 1.5), and a listing of policies, codes, directives, standards, protocols, specifications, guidelines, and procedures to which a Council of a First Nation is required by AANDC to adhere to as a condition of funding under the Capital Facilities & Maintenance Program (CFMP).
Should you have any further question about how the protocol is to be applied, please contact Elmer Lickers, Senior O&M Technologist at 416 651 1443 ext. 223.


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Tamarac resident Morris Nadel, a part-time driver at Ceramic Arts Dental Lab in Lauderhill, who also doubles as the firms` keeper of the timecards, is well-known among his co-workers for his thoughtfulness.
Each week when filling out the employees` cards, he takes the extra time to hand write each person`s name - using calligraphy.
Nadel said he took up calligraphy as a hobby a few years ago, and in his spare time, has taken about eight courses to sharpen his skills.
He enjoys spending the extra hour or so it takes him to complete the job of writing the cards. Nadel`s also been known to hand address the envelopes of some of the firms` outgoing mail and to do little extra things for the folks at work - such as writing the inscriptions in the wedding photo album of a recently married bride.
Co-worker Betty Robertson wants him to know he is appreciated.
``He is so sweet and really brightens up the place,`` Roberston said. ``We have a saying that if you sneeze, he sends you a card.``
What is round, orange and weighs 231 pounds?
Why the Coral Springs Great Pumpkin, of course.
Boy Scout Troop 339 held its annual Great Pumpkin Ceremony Oct. 24, complete with a night parade and a crowning by Mayor Ben Geiger of the largest of the pumpkins the scouts had been selling these past two weeks.
Springs resident Holly LaBelle was the lucky winner who took home the giant pumpkin home. She, out of the hundreds who tried, guessed the pumpkin`s weight right on the nose.
The note was addressed to Master Matthew Bode and carried a royal crest.
Could it be? Did Princess Diana really reply to Bode`s letter?
``I was surprised to get it,`` admitted Bode, a 20-year-old student at Seagull School in Fort Lauderdale.


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Sports holds a number of exciting sporting events throughout the year to create
awareness and raise funds. These events
showcase our athletes' abilities by providing an opportunity for competition
among other clubs and athletes from across the globe. Thanks to our members' donations, every
dollar raised at an event goes directly to supporting the athletes
programs. You can help by attending, volunteering,
sponsoring or donating prizes, food or services such as printing and
advertising. Get your company involved
and organize an event of your own!
Select one of our meets and tournaments below for more information.


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UCLA Nets Win Over Arizona State
Feb. 16, 2003
LOS ANGELES � - Freshman guard Nikki Blue scored a game-high 20 points to lead UCLA over Arizona State, 71-62, this afternoon in Pauley Pavilion before a crowd of 2,290. Blue's two-point basket with 3:12 remaining in the game gave the Bruins a 56-53 lead. It proved to be the last UCLA field goal of the game, but the Bruins, now 14-9 overall and 9-5 in Pac-10 play, converted 15 of 18 free throws down the stretch to hold off the Sun Devils, who fell to 14-10 and 6-9 in the conference.
Arizona State jumped to an 8-0 lead and led by as many as 11 points in the first half, at 15-4 with 12:33 remaining, before Michelle Greco ignited a Bruin rally. The senior guard scored eight points and assisted on a Blue three-pointer as UCLA went on a 13-2 run to even the score at 17 with 8:39 to play. The Sun Devils regrouped and led at the intermission 30-25 thanks to guard Carrie Buckner, who scored eight of her team-high 16 points in the first half.
The start of the second half was a different story, as UCLA outscored the Sun Devils 15-2 after the intermission and took a 42-32 lead at the 13:43 mark. ASU never regained the lead but narrowed the gap to just one point at 54-53 with 3:43 remaining in the contest. Blue then connected on what turned out to be the final Bruin basket of the game. ASU never pulled closer than four points in the final two minutes as the Bruins parade to foul line started with 2:48 remaining in the game.
Greco, who hit three out of four free throws down the stretch, finished with 18 points. She was joined in double figures by junior forward Whitney Jones, who scored 10 points, including six-straight free throws in the final 2:48. Freshman Lisa Willis added 12 points and converted five of six opportunities from the charity stripe in the final 42 seconds to help seal the Bruin win.
Arizona State forward Amy Denson added 12 points and was joined in double figures by guard Kylan Loney, who finished with 10.
UCLA returns to action on Thursday night at California.
Note: At halftime of the game, third-year civil engineering student Greg Bowers won free books and tuition for a year by winning the Cingular Wireless Supershot Contest. Bowers hit a layup, free throw, three-pointer and halfcourt shot within 30 seconds to claim the prize.
TODAY | 7:00pm PTLive
Airing on:
- Pac-12 Network
- Pac-12 Los Angeles
Pac-12 PlaylistTODAY | 9:00pm PTLive
TOMORROW | 11:00am PTLive
Airing on:
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- Pac-12 Arizona


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There are plenty business intelligence resources available, from software, application, books and others. That resources mean nothing if we don't have any goals when developing business intelligence in our company.
So define your goals and select appropriate system and tools for your company. Then read the following books providing useful BI information. These books available in Amazon during 2010, so the readings show the latest and most updated knowledge of business intelligence.
Very interesting!
- Adaptive Business Intelligence (Zbigniew Michalewicz )
- Business Intelligence (2nd Edition)— ( Efraim Turban)
- Business Analytics for Managers: Taking Business Intelligence Beyond Reporting—(Gert Laursen and Jesper Thorlund)
- Decision Support and Business Intelligence Systems (9th Edition)—( Efraim Turban)
- How to Measure Anything: Finding the Value of Intangibles in Business —(Douglas W. Hubbard)
- Analytics at Work: Smarter Decisions, Better Results (Thomas H. Davenport, Jeanne G. Harris, and Robert Morison)
- Business Intelligence (Rajiv Sabherwal and Irma Becerra-Fernandez)


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BOSTON (CBS) – An already cold morning for T riders had an extra bite Wednesday with news fare increases may be in the future.
Elena Lagoa rides the Green Line and says a fare increase would just add to her expenses.
"I'm a student, work part-time, I have to pay for my apartment, my car and for the T," she told WBZ-TV. "I just don't think I can manage that."
The MBTA is trying to close a $140 million deficit. The proposal on the table includes fare increases, service cuts to existing lines and some less-popular bus routes may be eliminated.
There has been no word on exactly how much more it would cost to ride public transportation if the plan is approved.
"It's really regressive. So the people who are most affected by it, can least afford to tolerate an increase in fares," Miriam Segura-Harrison told WBZ-TV's Sera Congi.
Gov. Deval Patrick's proposed transportation bill includes money for the MBTA that could wipe out the T's debt.
Sera Congi reports
Lawmakers would have to approve that. They have indicated they are committed to avoiding fare increases.
"I think money is needed to operate the system. It has to come from somewhere. Ultimately, I think it has to come from the legislature," rider Dan Manning said.
The deficit reduction plan still needs to be approved by the board of directors for the Massachusetts Department of Transportation and the Legislature could come up with the money to avoid any fare increases.


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Helo! in the morning. Saturday, December 09th 2017.04:26:08 AM Tо be precise. This post publicized by Harleigh Jacobson and have 37 high resolution photographi am believe This post is a great for yous design and style foreseeable future, to look at the main post House Plans With Photos In Kerala Style Pics . We hope This motivate yous to be used in yous home
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Potato skins are a lovely comfort food – and they're extra delicious when you make them this way, topped with crème fraîche and mackerel
Serves: 4
- 4-5 large baking potatoes
- 2 tablespoons light olive oil
- 100ml (3½ floz) crème fraîche
- 1 level tablespoon hot horseradish sauce
- Salt and freshly ground black pepper
- 2-3 smoked peppered mackerel fillets
- Set the oven to Gas Mark 6 or 200°C. Scrub the potatoes and prick the surface with a fork. Place them in the centre of the oven and cook for about 1½ hours or until they are tender.
- When the potatoes are cooked, remove them from the oven and cut each one into 6-8 wedges. Scoop out the centre of each wedge, leaving about 1cm (½ in) of potato behind in each skin. Place the skins, cut-side up, on a baking tray. Reserve the scooped-out centres to use in another recipe.
- Brush the olive oil over the cut surface of the potatoes and then return them to the oven for 20-30 minutes, or until the potato starts to turn golden.
- Mix together the crème fraîche, horseradish sauce and seasoning. Break or cut the smoked mackerel fillets into strips.
- Remove the potato skins from the oven. Spoon some horseradish crème fraîche on to each and top with smoked mackerel. Serve immediately.
Photos: Simon Pask. Props stylist: Sue Radcliffe.
Nutritional information per portion
fat 31.0g calories 364(kcal)
This nutritional information is only a guide and is based on 2,000 calories per day. For more information on eating a healthy diet, please visit the Food Standards Agency website.
Guideline Daily Amount for 2,000 calories per day are: 70g fat, 20g saturated fat, 90g sugar, 6g salt.
Recipe by


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A wildly erratic environment, hundreds of critical incidents, and botched change implementations meant outages lasted days, operations were disrupted, customers were leaving. Learn how Pomeroy helped this global manufacturer stabilize their IT environment, paving the way for improved productivity and a more integrated future state.
Download the PDF
Providing business innovation to help improve efficiency, productivity, and profitability.


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By Miles Chambers, Goal.com
After a successful trial period at the Club World Cup, the 2013 Confederations Cup and World Cup 2014 will see goal-line technology implemented in matches.
FIFA has decided to use goal-line technology from this summer onwards, starting with the 2013 Confederations Cup.
After what the footballing governing body deemed to be a successful trial at the Club World Cup in December last year, the technology will be used at the upcoming international tournament being held in Brazil this summer.
Subsequently, goal-line technology will be used at World Cup 2014 in the South American nation, and it is safe to assume that if the two tournaments see the technology implemented successfully then it will be used in future competition as well.
FIFA released a statement on Tuesday which said: "The aim is to use GLT in order to support the match officials and to install a system in all stadia, pending the successful installation, and pre-match referee tests.
"With different technologies on the market, FIFA has launched a tender today, setting out the technical requirements for the two forthcoming competitions in Brazil.
"The two GLT providers already licensed under FIFA's Quality Program for GLT, and other GLT providers currently in the licensing process (that must have passed all relevant tests as of today) are invited to submit tenders.
"Interested GLT companies will be invited to join an inspection visit to the Confederations Cup venues, currently scheduled for mid-March, with a final decision due to be confirmed in early April."
UEFA president Michel Platini is unlikely to follow the road being trodden by FIFA as he is adamantly against its implementation, which means the likes of the Champions League and the Europa League will not be graced by goal-line technology any time soon.
Follow @GoalUSA on Twitter.


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PHILADELPHIA - July 10, 2013 --A dirt bike rider is hospitalized after colliding with a minivan in Southwest Philadelphia Tuesday night.
The crash happened at 67th street and the Cobbs Creek Parkway around 9:30 p.m.
The biker was rushed to the hospital in serious condition.
It is unclear if anyone in the minivan was hurt.


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Department of Animal Science
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado
A bright orange sun is setting on a prehistoric horizon. A lone hunter is on his way home from a bad day at hunting. As he crosses the last ridge before home. a quick movement in the rocks off to his right catches his attention. Investigating, he discovers some wolf pups hiding in a shallow den. He exclaims, "Wow ... cool! The predator... in infant form."
After a quick scan of the area for adult wolves, he cautiously approaches. The pups are all clearly frightened and huddle close together as he kneels in front of the den . . . all except one. The darkest colored pup shows no fear of the man's approach. "Come here you little predator! Let me take a look at you, he says. After a mutual bout of petting by the man and licking by the wolf, the man suddenly has an idea. "If I take you home with me tonight, maybe mom and the kids will forgive me for not catching dinner . . . again."
In any event, wolves kept for companions had to be easy to handle and socialize to humans. Within a few generations, early humans may have turned wolves into dogs by selecting and breeding the tamest ones. Thousands of years ago, humans were not aware that behavior in animals was heritable. However, even today people who raise dogs, horses, pigs, cattle, or chickens notice differences in the behavior of the offspring. Some animals are friendly and readily approach people, while others may be shy and nervous.
Vulpes fulva (the wild fox) is a bundle of jangled nerves. We had observed that when first brought into captivity as an adult, the red fox displays a number of symptoms that are in many ways similar to those observed in psychosis. They resemble a wide variety of phobias, especially fear of open spaces, movement, white objects, sounds, eyes or lenses, large objects, and man, and they exhibit panic, anxiety, fear, apprehension and a deep trust of the environment~ They are 1) catalepsy-like frozen positions, accompanied by blank stares; 2) fear of sitting down; 3) withdrawal; 4) runaway flight reactions; and 5) aggressiveness. Sometimes the strain of captivity makes them deeply disturbed and confused, or may produce a depression- like state. Extreme excitation and restlessness may also be observed in some individuals in response to many changes in the physical environment. Most adult red foxes soon after capture break off their canine teeth on the mesh of our expanded metal cage in their attempts to escape. A newly captured fox is known to have torn at the wooden door of his cage in a frenzy until he dropped dead from exhaustion.Although the stress of domestication is great, Belyaev (1979) and Belyaev et al. (1981) concluded that selection for tameness was effective in spite of the many undesirable characteristics associated with tameness. For example, the tame foxes shed during the wrong season and developed black and white patterned fur, and changes were found in their hormone profiles. This means that the monoestrus (once a year) cycle of reproduction was disturbed and the animals would breed at any time of the year. Furthermore, changes in behavior occurred simultaneously with changes in tail position and ear shape, and the appearance of a white muzzle, forehead blaze, and white shoulder hair. The white color pattern on the head is similar to many domestic animals (Belyaev 1979) (Figs. 1.1 and 1.2). The most dog-like foxes had white spots and patterns on their heads, drooping ears, and curled tails and looked more like dogs than the foxes that avoided people. The behavioral and morphological (appearance) changes were also correlated with corresponding changes in the levels of gender hormones. The tame foxes had higher levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin (Popova et al., 1975). Serotonin is known to inhibit some kinds of aggression (Belyaev, 1979), and serotonin ~levels are increased in the brains of people who take Prozac (fluoxetine).
The study of behavioral genetics can help explain why selection for calm temperament was linked to physical and neurochemical changes in Belyaev's foxes. Behavior geneticists and animal scientists are interested in understanding effects on behavior due to genetic influences or those which are due to environment and learning.
Early in the 17th century, Descartes came to the conclusion "that the bodies of animals and men act wholly like machines and move in accordance with purely mechanical laws" (in Huxley 1874). After Descartes, others undertook the task of explaining behavior as reactions to purely physical, chemical, or mechanical events. For the next three centuries scientific thought on behavior oscillated between a mechanistic view that animals are '~automatons" moving through life without consciousness or self-awareness and an opposing view that animals had thoughts and feelings similar to those of humans.
In "On the Origin of the Species" (1859), Darwin's ideas about evolution began to raise serious doubts about the mechanistic view of animal behavior. He noticed that animals share many physical characteristics and was one of the first to discuss variation within a species, both in their behavior and in their physical appearance. Darwin believed that artificial selection and natural selection were intimately associated (Darwin, 1868) and cleverly outlined the theory of evolution without any knowledge of genetics. In "The Descent of Man" (1871) Darwin concluded that temperament traits in domestic animals are inherited. He also believed, as did many other scientists of his tune, that animals have subjective sensations and could think. Darwin wrote: "The differences in mind between man and the higher animals, great as it is, is certainly one of degree and not of kind."
Other scientists realized the implications of Darwin's theory on animal behavior and conducted experiments investigating instinct. Herrick (1908) observed the behavior of wild birds in order to determine, first, how their instincts are modified by their ability' to learn, and second, the degree of intelligence they attain. On the issue of thinking in animals, Schroeder (1914) concluded: ~The solution, if it ever comes, can scarcely fail to illuminate, if not the animal mind, at least that of man." It is evident that by the end of the 19th century, scientists who studied animal behavior in natural environments learned that the mechanical approach could not explain all behavior.
The first author visited with Dr. Skinner at Harvard University in 1968. Skinner responded to a question from her about the need for brain research by saying, '~We don't need to know about the brain because we have operant conditioning" (T. Grandin, personal communication, 1968). Operant conditioning uses food rewards and punishments to train animals and shape their behavior. In a simple Skinner box experiment, a rat can be trained to push a lever to obtain food when a green light turns on, or to push a lever very quickly to avoid a shock when a red light appears. The signal light is the '~conditioned stimulus." Rats and other animals can be trained to perform a complex sequence of behaviors by chaining together a series of simple operant responses. Skinner believed that even the most complex behaviors can be explained as a series of conditioned responses.
However, a rat's behavior is very limited in a Skinner box. It's a world with very little variation, and the rat has little opportunity to use its natural behaviors. It simply learns to push a lever to obtain food or prevent a shock. Skinnerian principles explain why a rat behaves a certain way in the sterile confines of a 30 x 30-cm Plexiglas box, but they don't reveal much about the behavior of a rat in the local dump. Outside of the laboratory, a rat's behavior is more complex.
One of the failures occurred when the Brelands tried to teach chickens to stand quietly on a platform for 10 to 12 seconds before they received a food reward. The chickens would stand quietly on a platform in the beginning of training; however, once they learned to associate the platform with a food reward, half (50%) started scratching the platform, and another 25% developed other behaviors, such as pecking the platform. The Brelands salvaged this disaster by developing a wholly unplanned exhibit involving a chicken that turned on a juke box and danced. They first trained the chickens to pull a rubber loop which turned on some music. When the music started, the chickens would jump on the platform and start scratching and pecking until the food reward was delivered. This exhibit made use of the chicken's instinctive food-getting behavior. The first author remembers as a teenager seeing a similar exhibit, at the Arizona State Fair, of a piano-playing chicken in a little red barn. The hen would peck the keys of a toy piano when a quarter was put in the slot and would stop when the food came down the chute. This exhibit also worked because it was similar to a Skinner box in the laboratory.
The Brelands experienced another classic failure when they tried to teach raccoons to put coins in a piggy bank. Because raccoons are adept at manipulating objects with their hands, this task was initially easy. As training progressed, however, the raccoons began to rub the coins before depositing them in the bank. This behavior was similar to the washing behavior raccoons do as instinctive food-getting behavior. The raccoons at first had difficulty letting go of the coin and would hold and rub it. However, when the Brelands introduced a second coin, the raccoons became almost impossible to train. Rubbing the coins together 'in a most miserly fashion]' the raccoons got worse and worse as time went on. The Brelands concluded that the innate behaviors were suppressed during the early stages of training and sometimes long into the training, but as training progressed, instinctive food-getting behaviors gradually replaced the conditioned behavior. The animals were unable to override their instincts and thus a conflict between conditioned and instinctive behaviors occurred.
Understanding the mechanisms and programming that result in innate behavioral patterns and the motivations behind why animals behave the way they do is the primary focus of ethologists. Konrad Lorenz (1939, 1965, 1981) and Niko Tinbergen (1948, 1951) cataloged the behavior of many animals in their natural environments. Together they developed the ethogram. An ethogram is a complete listing of all the behaviors that an animal performs in its natural environment. The ethogram includes both innate and learned behaviors.
An interesting contribution to ethology came from studies on egg-rolling behavior in the greylag goose (Lorenz, 1965, 1981). He observed that when a brooding goose notices an egg outside her nest, an innate instinctive program is triggered to retrieve it. The goose fixates on the egg, rises to extend her neck and bill out over it, then gently rolls it back to the nest. This behavior is performed in a highly mechanical way If the egg is removed as the goose begins to extend her neck, she still completes the pattern of rolling the nonexistent egg back to the nest. Lorenz (1939) and Tinbergen (1948) termed this a 'fixed action pattern." Remarkably, Tinbergen also discovered that brooding geese can be stimulated to perform egg rolling on such items as beer cans and baseballs. The fixed action pattern of rolling the egg back to the nest can be triggered by anything outside the nest that even marginally resembles an egg. Tinbergen realized that geese possess a genetic-releasing mechanism for this fixed action pattern. Lorenz and Tinbergen called the object that triggers the release of a fixed action pattern "sign stimuli." When a mother bird sees the gaping mouth of her young, it triggers the maternal feeding behavior and the mother feeds her young. The gaping mouth is another example of sign stimuli that acts as a switch and turns on the genetically determined program (Herrick, 1908; Tinbergen, 1951).
Ethologists also explained the innate escape response of newly hatched goslings. When goslings are tested with a cardboard silhouette in the shape of a hawk moving overhead, it triggers a characteristic escape response. The goslings will crouch or run. However, when the silhouette is reversed to look like a goose, there is no effect (Tinbergen, 1951). Several members of the research community doubted the existence of such a hard-wired instinct because other scientists failed to repeat these experiments (Hirsh et al., 1955). Recently Canty and Gould (1995) repeated the classic experiments and explained why the other experiments failed. In the first place, goslings only respond to the silhouette when they are under 7 days old. Second, a large silhouette which casts a shadow must be used; third, goslings respond to the perceived predator differently depending on the circumstances. For example, birds tested alone try to run away from the hawk silhouette and birds reared and tested in groups tend to crouch (Canty and Gould, 1995). Nevertheless, fear is likely to be the basis of the response. Ducklings were shown to have higher heart rate variability when they saw the hawk silhouette (Mueller and Parker, 1980). Research by Balaban (1997) indicates that species-specific vocalizations and head movements in chickens and quail are controlled by distinct cell groups in the brain. To prove this, Balaban transplanted neural tube cells from developing quail embryos into chicken embryos. Chickens hatched from the transplanted eggs exhibited species-specific quail songs and bobbing head movements.
Do similar fixed action patterns occur in mammals? Fentress (1973) conducted an experiment on mice which clearly showed that animals have instinctive species-specific behavior patterns which do not require learning. Day-old baby mice were anesthetized and had a portion of their front legs amputated. Enough of the leg remained that the mice could easily walk. The operations were performed before the baby mice had fully coordinated movements so there was no opportunity for learning. When the mice became adults, they still performed the species-specific face-washing behavior; normal mice close their eye just prior to the foreleg passing over the face, and in the amputees the eye still closed before the nonexistent paw hit it. The amputees performed the face- washing routine as if they still had their paws. Fentress (1973) concluded that the experiment proved the existence of instincts in mammals.
A basic principle to remember is that animals with large, complex brains are less governed by innate behavior patterns. For example, bird behavior is governed more by instinct than that of a dog, whereas an insect would have more hard-wired behavior patterns than that of a bird. This principle was clear to Yerkes (1905) who wrote:
Certain animals are markedly plastic or voluntary in their behavior, others are as markedly fixed or instinctive. In the primates plasticity has reached its highest known stage of development; in the insects fixity has triumphed, instinctive action is predominant. The ant has apparently sacrificed adapt-ability to the development of ability to react quickly, accurately and uniformly in a certain way Roughly, animals might he separated into two classes: those which are in high degree capable of immediate adaptation to their conditions, and those that are apparently automatic since they depend upon instinct tendencies to action instead of upon rapid adaptation.
An example of an innate behavior that is affected by learning is burrowing behavior in rats. Boice (1977) found that wild Norway rats and albino laboratory rats both dig elaborate burrows. Learning has some effect on the efficiency of burrowing, but the configuration of the burrows was the same for both the wild and domestic rats. The albino laboratory rats dug excellent burrows the first time they were exposed to an outdoor pen. Nest building in sows is another example of the interaction between instinct and learning. When a sow is having her first litter, she has an uncontrollable urge to build a nest. Nest building is hard-wired and hormonally driven because prostaglandin F2a injections will induce it in sows (Widowski and Curtis, 1989). However, sows earn from experience how to build a better nest with each successful litter.
Other behaviors are almost entirely learned. Some seagulls learn to drop shellfish on rocks to break them open, while others drop them on the road and let cars break them open (Grandin, 1995). Many animals ranging from apes to birds use tools to obtain food. Griffin (1994) and Dawkins (1993) provide many examples of complex learned behaviors and flexible problem solving in animals.
Innate behaviors used for finding food, such as grazing, scavenging, or hunting, are more dependent on learning than behaviors used to consume food. Mating behavior, nesting, eating, and prey-killing behaviors tend to be governed more by instinct (Gould, 1977). The greater dependence on learning to find food makes animals in the wild more flexible and able to adapt to a variety of environments. Behaviors used to kill or consume food can be the same in any environment. Mayr (1974) called these different behavioral systems "open" or "closed" to the effects of experience. A lion hunting her prey is an example of an open system. The hunting female lion recognizes her prey from a distance and carefully stalks her approach. Herrick (1910) wrote, "the details of the hunt vary every time she hunts; therefore, no combination of simple reflex arcs laid down in the nervous system will be adequate to meet the infinite variations of the requirements for obtaining food:'
In an experiment with chickens, Murphy (1977) found that chicks from a flighty genetic line were more likely to panic when a novel ball was placed in their pen, but they were also more attracted to a novel food than birds from a calm line. Cooper and Zubeck (1958), and Henderson (1968) found that rats bred to be dull greatly improved in maze learning when housed in a cage with many different objects; however, enriched environments had little effect on the rats bred for high intelligence. Greenough and Juraska (1979) found that rearing rats in an environment with many novel objects improves learning and resulted in increased growth of dendrites, which are nerve endings in the brain.
Pigs raised in barren concrete pens also seek stimulation (Grandin, 1989a,b; Wood-Gush and Vestergaard, 1991; Wood-Gush and Beilharz, 1983). Piglets allowed to choose between a familiar object and a novel object prefer the novel object (Wood-Gush and Vestergaard, 1991). Pigs raised on concrete are strongly attracted to novel objects to chew on and manipulate. The first author has observed that nervous, excitable hybrid pigs often chew and bit vigorously on boots or coveralls. This behavior is less common in placid genetic lines of pigs.
Although hybrid pigs are highly attracted to novelty, tossing a novel object into their pen will initially cause a strong flight response. Compared to calm genetic lines, nervous-hybrid pigs pile up and squeal more when startled. Pork producers report that nervous, fast-growing, lean hybrid pigs also tail-bite other pigs more often than calmer genetic lines Of pigs. jail biting occurs more often when pigs are housed on a concrete slatted floor which provides no opportunity for rooting.
Strong attraction or strong reaction to novelty has also been observed by the first author in cattle. Cattle will approach and lick a piece of paper laying on the ground when they can approach it voluntarily (Fig. 1.3). However, the same piece of paper blowing in the wind may trigger a massive flight response. Practical experience by both authors suggests that highly reactive horses are more likely to engage in vices such as cribbing or stall weaving when housed in stalls or runs where they receive little exercise. Denied variety and novelty in their environments, highly reactive animals adapt poorly compared to animals from calmer genetic lines (Price, 1984).
In summary, in both wild and domestic animals novelty is both highly feared and necessary Novelty is most desirable when animals can approach it slowly. Unfortunately, novelty is also fear-provoking when animals are suddenly confronted with it.
In an experiment designed to control for maternal effects on temperament and emotionality, Broadhurst (1960) conducted cross-fostering experiments on Maudsley Reactive (MR) and Non Reactive (MNR) rats. These lines of rats are genetically selected for high or low levels of emotional reactivity The results showed that maternal effects were not great enough to completely mask the temperament differences between the two lines (Broadhurst, 1960). Maternal effects can affect temperament, but they are not great enough to completely change the temperament of a cross-fostered animal which has a temperament that is very different from that of the foster mother. In extensive review of the literature, Broadhurst (1975) examined the role of heredity in the formation of behavior and found that differences in temperament between rats persist when the animals are all raised in the same environment.
In their study of genetic effects on behavior, Fuller and Thompson (1978) found that "simply providing the same defined controlled environment for each genetic group is not enough. Conditions must not only be uniform for all groups, but also favorable to the development of the behavior of interest." For example, in wartime Russia, Krushinski (1960) investigated the ability of dogs to be trained for the antitank service or as trail dogs trained to track human scent. The dogs were tied to a spike driven into the ground, and the person who regularly looked after them would let them lick from a bowl of food and then summon the dog to follow the man as he retreated 10 to 15 meters. The dog's activity was measured with a pedometer for the next 2 minutes. The most active dogs were found to be the best antitank dogs. They were also fearless. In the antitank service, dogs were trained to run up to a tank and either run along side of it or penetrate under the caterpillars of the tank. In order to do this, the dogs had to overcome their natural fear of a tank moving toward them at high speed. The less active dogs (as measured by the pedometer) were found to make the best trailer dogs. They slowly followed a trail and kept their noses carefully to the scent while negotiating the corners and turns on the trail. The more active dogs trailed at too high a speed and often jumped the corners and turns in the trail, which sometimes resulted in switching to another trail.
Mahut (1958) demonstrated an example of differences in fear responses between beagles and terriers. When frightened, beagles freeze and terriers run around frantically In domestic livestock, measuring fear reactions during restraint or in an open field test has revealed differences in temperament both between breeds and between individuals within a breed (Grandin, 1993a; Tulloh, 1961; Dantzer and Mormede, 1983; Murphey et al., 1980b, 1981). The fearful, flighty animals become more agitated and struggle more violently when restrained for vaccinations and other procedures (Fordyce et al., 1988; Grandin, 1993a). Fear is likely to be the main cause of agitation during restraint in cattle, horses, pigs, and chickens. Genetic effects on behavior during transport, handling, and restraint of these animals are further discussed in Chapter 4.
Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration also change in animals when the flight or fight response is activated (Manuck and Schaefer, 1978). All these autonomic functions have neural circuits to the amygdala. Fear can be measured in animals by recording changes in autonomic activity In humans, Manuck and Schaefer (1978) found tremendous differences in cardiovascular reactivity in response to stress, reflecting a stable genetic characteristic of individuals.
Development of emotional reactivity of the nervous system begins during early gestation. Denenberg and Whimbey (1968) showed that handling a pregnant rat can cause her offspring to be more emotional and explore less in an Open field compared to control animals. This experiment is significant because it shows that handling the pregnant mother had the opposite effect on the behavior of the infant pups. Handling and possibly stressing the pregnant mothers changed the hormonal environment of the fetus which resulted in nervous offspring. However, handling newborn rats by briefly picking them up and setting them in a container reduced emotional reactivity when the rats became adults (Denenberg and Whimbey 1968). The handled rats developed a calmer temperament.
The adrenal glands are known to have an effect on behavior (Fuller and Thompson, 1978). The inner portions of the adrenals secrete the hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline, while the outer cortex secretes the gender hormones androgens and oestrogens (reproductive hormones), and various corticosteroids (stress hormones). Yeakel and Rhoades (1941) found that Hall's (1938) emotional rats had larger adrenals and thyroids compared to the nonemotional rats. Richter (1952, 1954) found a decrease in the size of the adrenal glands in Norway rats accompanied by domestication. Several line and strain differences have been found since these early reports. Furthermore, Levine (1968) and Levine et al. (1967) showed that brief handling of baby rats reduces the response of the adrenal gland to stress. Denenberg et al. (1967) concluded that early handling may lead to major changes in the neuroendocrine system.
All the training and petting by zoo keepers did not change the nyala's response to a sudden, novel stimulus. When the nyala saw repairman on the barn roof they suddenly reacted with a powerful fear response and crashed into a fence. They had become accustomed to seeing people standing at the perimeter of the exhibit, but people on the roof was novel and very frightening. Sudden movements such as raising a camera up for a picture also caused the nyala to flee.
In summary, experience can affect behavior in two basic ways: by conventional learning or by changing nervous system reactivity Most importantly, environmental conditions (enriched versus barren) have the greatest effect on the nervous systems of young animals.
The problems of domestication have been an obsession with me for many years. On the one hand I am convinced that man owes the life-long persistence of his constitutive curiosity and explorative playfulness to a partial neoteny which is indubitably a consequence of domestication In a curiously analogous manner does the domestic dog owe its permanent attachment to its master to a behavioral neoteny that prevents it from ever wanting to be a pack leader On the other hand, domestication is apt to cause an equally alarming disintegration of valuable behavioral traits and an equally alarming exaggeration of less desirable ones.Infantile characteristics in domestic animals are discussed by Price (1984), Lambooij and van Putten (1993), Coppinger and Coppinger (1993), Coppinger and Scheider (1993), and Coppinger et al. (1987). The shortened muzzle in dogs and pigs is an example. Domestic animals have been selected for a juvenile head shape, shortened muzzles, and other features (Coppinger and Smith, 1983). Furthermore, retaining juvenile traits makes animals more tractable and easy to handle. The physical changes are also related to changes in behavior.
Genetic studies point to the wolf as the ancestor of domestic dogs (Isaac, 1970). During domestication, domestic dogs have retained many of the infant wolf behaviors. For example, wolf pups bark and yap a lot but adult wolves rarely bark; domestic dogs bark a lot (Fox, 1975; Scott and Fuller, 1965). Wolves have hard-wired instinctive behavior patterns that determine dominance or submission in social relationships. In domestic dogs, the ancestral social behavior patterns of the wolf are fragmented and incomplete. Frank and Frank (1982) observed that the rigid social behavior of the wolf has disintegrated into "an assortment of independent behavioral fragments." Malamutes raised with wolf pups fail to read the social behavior signals of the wolf pups. Further comparisons found that the physical development of motor skills is slower in the malamute. Goodwin et al. (1997) studied 10 different dog breeds which ranged from German shepherds and Siberian huskies to bulldogs, cocker spaniels, and terriers. They found that the breeds which retained the greatest repertoire of wolf-like social behaviors were the breeds that physically resembled wolves, such as German shepherds and huskies. Barnett et al. (1979) and Price (1985) both conclude that experience can also cause an animal to retain juvenile traits. Gould (1977) also considered the effects of neoteny and stated that neoteny is determined by changes in a few genes that determine the timing of different developmental stages.
There are also countless examples in the veterinary medical literature of abnormal bone structure and other physiological defects caused by overselecting for appearance traits in dog breeds (Ott, 1996). The abnormalities range from bulldogs with breathing problems to German shepherds with hip problems. Scott and Fuller (1965) reported the negative effects of continuous selection for a certain head shape in cocker spaniels:
In our experiments we began with what were considered good breeding stocks, with a fair number of champions in their ancestry. When we bred these animals to their close relatives for even one or two generations, we uncovered serious defects in every breed. . .Cocker spaniels are selected for a broad forehead with prominent eyes and a pronounced "stop," or angle, between the nose and forehead. When we examined the brains of some of these animals during autopsy, we found that they showed a mild degree of hydroencephaly; that is, in selecting for skull shape, the breeders accidentally selected for a brain defect in some individuals. Besides all this, in most of our strains only about 50 percent of the females were capable of rearing normal, healthy litters, even under nearly ideal conditions of care.
Another example of apparently unrelated traits being linked is deafness in dogs of the pointer breed selected for nervousness (Kllen et al., 1987, 1988). There appears to be a relationship between thermoregulation and aggressiveness. Wild mice selected for aggressiveness used larger amounts of cotton to build their nests than mice selected for low aggression (Sinyter et al., 1995). This effect occurred in both laboratory and wild Strains of mice.
Researchers using high-tech "knockout" gene procedures have been frustrated by the complexity of genetic interactions. In this procedure, genes are knocked out in a gene-targeting procedure whereby a gene is prevented from performing its normal function. The knockout experiments have shown that blocking different genes can have unexpected effects on behavior. In one experiment, superaggressive mice were created when genes involved with learning were inactivated (Chen et al., 1994). The mutant mice had little or no fear and fought until they broke their backs. In another experiment the knockout mutants demonstrated normal behavior until they had pups, and failed to care for them (Brown et al., 1996). In still another experiment, Konig et al. (1996) disabled the gene that produces enkephalin (a brain opioid substance) and found unexpected results. Enkephalin is a substance normally involved in pain perception; however, the mice that were deficient in this substance were very nervous and anxious. They ran frantically around their cages in response to noise. The bottom line conclusion from several different knockout experiments is that changing one gene has unexpected effects on other systems. Traits are linked, and it may be impossible to completely isolate single gene effects. Researchers warn that one must be careful not to jump to a conclusion that they have found an '~aggression gene" or a "maternal gene" or an "anxiety gene." To use an engineering analogy, one would not conclude that they had found the "picture center" in a television set after they cut one circuit inside the set that ruined the picture. Gerlai (1996) and Crawley (1996) also warn that knocking out the same gene in two different species may have different effects on behavior. This is due to the complex interactions between many different genes.
Twenty years ago behavioral geneticists concluded that the inheritance of behavior is complex. Fuller and Thompson (1978) concluded, "It has been found repeatedly that no one genetic mechanism accounts exclusively for a particular kind of behavtor.
Gartner (1990) concluded that up to 90% of the cause of random variability cannot be explained by differences in the animals' physical environment. In both mice and cattle, random factors affected body weights. Gartner (1990) believes that the random factors may have their influence either before or shortly after fertilization.
The interactions between environmental and genetic factors are complex. Both an animals' genetic makeup and its environment determine how it will behave. In subsequent chapters in this book the interactions of genetics and environment will be discussed in greater detail. Genetics has profound effects on an animal's behavior.
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Price, E. 0., and Loomis, S. (1973). Maternal influence on the response of wild and domestic Norway rats to a novel environment. Dev. Psychobiol. 6, 203-208.
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Rogan, M. T., and LeDoux,J. E. (1996). Emotion: Systems, cells and synaptic plasticity. Cell (Cambridge, Moss.) 83, 369-475.
Royce, J. R., Carran, A., and Howarth, E. (1970), Factor analysis of emotionality in ten strains of inbred mice. Multidisciplinary Res. 5, 19-48.
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Schroeder, C. (1914). Thinking animals. Nature (London) 94, 426-427.
Schultz, D. (1965). "Sensory Restriction." Academic Press, New York.
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Stephens, D. B., and Toner, J. N. (1975). Husbandry influences on some physiological parameters of emotional responses in calves. Appl. Anim. Ethol. 1, 233-243.
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Voisinet, B. D., Grandin, T., Tatum, J. D., O'Conner, S. F, and Struthers, J. (1997). Feedlot cattle with calm temperaments have higher average daily gains than cattle with excitable temperaments. J. Anim. Sci. 75, 892-896.
Voisinet, B. D., Grandin, T., O'Connor, S. F, Tatum.J. D., and Deesing, M.J. (1997). Bos-indicus cross feedlot cattle with excitable temperaments have tougher meat and a higher incidence of borderline dark cutters. Meat Sci. (In press.)
Walsh, R. N.. and Cummins, R. A. (1975). Mechanisms mediating the production of environmentally induced brain changes. Psychol. Bull. 82, 986-1000.
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Widowski, T. M., and Curtis, S. E. (1989). Behavioral responses of periparturient sows and juvenile pigs to prostaglandin F2a. J. Anim. Sci. 67, 3266-3276.
Wood-Gush, D. G. M., Beilharz, R. G. (1983). The enrichment of a bare environment for animals in confined conditions. Appl. Anim. Ethol. 10, 209.
Wood-Gush, D. G. M., and Vestergaard, K. (1991). The seeking of novelty and its relation to play. Anim. Behav. 42, 599-606.
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The California Labor Federation does not take a stance on this measure.
Click here to download California Labor's 2016 Endorsements & Ballot Measures Analyses
A YES vote on this measure means:
Marijuana would be legalized in California, with a state structure of licensing, regulation, and taxation.
A NO vote on this measure means:
Marijuana would remain illegal in California. Medical marijuana, established under Proposition 215 and statute, would remain legal.
Official Secretary of State Ballot Summary:
- Legalizes marijuana and hemp under state law.
- Designates state agencies to license and regulate marijuana industry.
- Imposes state excise tax on retail sales of marijuana equal to 15% of sales price, and state cultivation taxes on marijuana of $9.25 per ounce of flowers and $2.75 per ounce of leaves.
- Exempts medical marijuana from some taxation.
- Establishes packaging, labeling, advertising, and marketing standards and restrictions for marijuana products.
- Allows local regulation and taxation of marijuana.
- Prohibits marketing and advertising marijuana to minors.
- Authorizes resentencing and destruction of records for prior marijuana convictions.
Under current law, the possession, cultivation, or distribution of non-medical marijuana is illegal in California. Penalties for unlawful marijuana-related activities vary depending on the offense. For example, possession of less than one ounce of marijuana without proper medical verification is an infraction punishable by a fine, while selling marijuana outside of medical marijuana is a felony and may result in a jail or prison sentence.
In November 1996, voters approved Proposition 215, which made it legal under state law for individuals of nay age to cultivate and possess marijuana in California for medical purposes only, specifically with a recommendation from a licensed physician. In 2003, the Legislature authorized the formation of medical marijuana cooperatives, which are nonprofit organizations of medical marijuana users that cultivate and distribute marijuana to their members through outlets known as dispensaries. State law also gives cities and counties the discretion to regulate the location and operation of such facilities. State and local governments currently collect sales tax on medical marijuana.
In 2015, the Legislature passed, and the Governor signed, AB 243 (Wood), AB 266 (Bonta) and SB 643 (McGuire), known as the Medical Marijuana Regulation and Safety Act (MMRSA) to regulate the commercial medical marijuana industry. The legislation created a new Bureau of Medical Marijuana Regulation within the Department of Consumer Affairs as the lead enforcement agency. Under the legislation (effective January 2016), medical marijuana cooperatives will be phased out within a few years and replaced by state-licensed businesses. Various aspects of the medical marijuana industry will be regulated by different agencies. Businesses cultivating marijuana will be licensed by the Department of Food and Agriculture (DFA); businesses testing and processing marijuana will be licensed by the Department of Public Health (DPH); and businesses transporting, distributing, and retailing marijuana will be licensed by the Bureau. Local governments will continue to have the authority to regulate the location and operation of such businesses. The legislation also requires the state to set standards for labelling, testing, and packaging medical marijuana products and to develop a system to track such products throughout the supply chain.
Federal laws classify marijuana as an illegal substance and provide criminal penalties for various activities relating to its use. These laws are enforced by federal agencies. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 2005 that federal authorities could continue under federal law to prosecute California patients and providers engaged in the cultivation and use of marijuana for medical purposes. Despite having this authority, the current policy of the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) is not to prosecute marijuana users and businesses that act in compliance with state and local marijuana laws so long as those laws are written and enforced in a manner that upholds federal priorities, such as ensuring that marijuana is not distributed to minors or diverted to states without legalized marijuana. Currently, California contends that MMRSA meets that standard for medical marijuana.
This measure would legalize the possession, use, and cultivation of marijuana by adults over the age of 21. Marijuana use would be limited to private homes and licensed businesses and prohibited in public or in private motor vehicles. Cities and counties would be permitted to ban marijuana-related businesses from their boundaries. The measure imposes a number of new taxes on commercial marijuana, but eliminates the sales tax on medical marijuana. The measure states that revenues from the taxes imposed on marijuana are not considered part of the General Fund.
Legislative Analyst and Director of Finance estimate of fiscal impact:
Net reduced costs ranging from tens of millions of dollars to potentially exceeding $100 million annually to state and local governments related to enforcing certain marijuana-related offenses, handling the related criminal cases in the court system, and incarcerating and supervising certain marijuana offenders. Net additional state and local tax revenues potentially ranging from the high hundreds of millions of dollars to over $1 billion annually related to the production and sale of marijuana. Most of these funds would be required to be spent for specific purposes such as substance use disorder education, prevention, and treatment.
Support and Opposition:
Supporters include the California Medical Association, Californians for Sensible Reform and Lt. Governor Gavin Newsom. They argue that currently, in California, nonmedical marijuana use is unregulated, untaxed, and occurs without any consumer or environmental protections. This initiative will legalize marijuana for those over 21 years old, protect children, and establish laws to regulate marijuana cultivation, distribution, sale and use, and will protect Californians and the environment from potential dangers. The initiative decriminalizes carrying less than one ounce of marijuana and allows for people already convicted to adjust their records.
Opponents, including the California Public Safety Initiative, a coalition of law enforcement organizations, argue that marijuana is a dangerous drug and its usage can harm communities and our youth. Opponents also argue that the initiative allows entities to hold licenses in more than one segment of the marijuana market, thus allowing for some vertical integration and large corporate players to dominate the market.
Prior Positions:
The Labor Federation was neutral on Proposition 19 in 2010, a prior marijuana legalization initiative that failed.


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Originally posted by 200Plus
reply to post by beezzer
Hiya Beez, you don't know me but you are one of my favorite posters here.
Is crossing the border a felony now?
Maybe a "grace period" would be more in order. Give them citizenship, but do not allow them to vote for 10 years.
Since they came illegally, treat them as felons.
If we remove any political motivation...
1. Complete amnesty. -WTF? Yes. Complete amnesty. For everyone. *ta-daaa!*
am·nes·ty [am-nuh-stee] Show IPA noun, plural am·nes·ties, verb, am·nes·tied, am·nes·ty·ing.
a general pardon for offenses, especially political offenses, against a government, often granted before any trial or conviction.
Law. an act of forgiveness for past offenses, especially to a class of persons as a whole.
a forgetting or overlooking of any past offense.
BUT! 2. Since they came illegally, treat them as felons. No voting rights. No rights to own a firearm. Can't serve on a jury.
Originally posted by Zarniwoop
reply to post by beezzer
If we remove any political motivation...
You and I both know that will never happen.
Originally posted by beezzer
reply to post by luciddream
Amnesty is nothing more than taking poor people who came here illegally and using them as a political tool.
I'm just removing the political motivation and making it more about treating people fairly.
If they came to the US illegally, that makes them criminals. Grant amnesty but make them pay for their past transgressions.
And who's SS did that belong too? I have a good friend who had her identity stolen by an illegal some years back. It wasn't pretty..!
GREAT worker....but he is using a fake SS


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For our last assignment, I designed a logo for my favorite place on earth – Tel-Aviv, Israel.
The process
I knew that designing a logo is not an easy task at all. As I described it in class, it's the haiku of design, and as well as haiku, it is a skill might take me years and years to master.
I am not so satisfied with final product, but unfortunately, it was the best one I had along the way.
There's a lot to say about Tel-Aviv, and a lot of things to be proud of. For me, this city does not only emphasise culture, community, and a relaxed state of mind, but also great history. Therefore, I had to do some filtering, and pick-up only a few topics to focus on. These topics were chosen since I believe that they will be the most attractive for people who don't know the city, and here they are:
- The beach – The beach is a huge part of Tel-Aviv's day to day life. It is felt everywhere in the city, and gives it a great feeling of freedom and openness.
This concept is being presented by the blue and yellow/brown colors on the logo.
- Entrepreneurship – The Israeli start-up scene is well know all over the world, and Tel-Aviv is really the heart of this scene. The entrepreneurial spirit in the city is seen not only by the number of start-up companies and group of coders and designers spread across the city, but also in the way people think and talk.
This concept is being presented by the orange color on the logo.
- Bauhaus – Tel-Aviv, the white city, is full of beautiful buildings that that their architectural design is based on the Bauhaus design philosophy.
This concept is being presented by the typography on the logo.
I tried many designs,
but most of them resulted in an unsatisfying result. For example:
On this version (shown above) I tried to use on of Tel-Aviv's most famous modern design works, presented in the center of 'The Culture Square' in the center of the city.
At this point I felt that I really don't have enough knowledge in logo design, and that this task is way out of my league.
But then, I simplified the logo, and I kind of liked it –
Unfortunately, this version of the logo turned out not to work well on hats, cups, billboards, etc. Damn!
The final logo
This is my final result. It's simple, pleasing to the eye (i think), and includes all my ideas. Also, it feels pretty modern, which correlates with a movement that could be seen in Tel-Aviv in recent years. Even if these ideas are only symbolic, I feel that this logo might work in real life.


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Open Thread: Friends and Family and Everyone Else
Here's a place to talk about the relationships in your life whenever you want.
I apologize for an article that was posted here yesterday, entitled "My Former Friend's Death Was a Blessing." I deeply regret the hurt that this article has caused and understand that it has perpetuated stigma and diminished the lives of people with mental illness. I am committed to immediately reviewing our vetting process to ensure that this experience has a positive influence on the ways in which we at xoJane present all women going forward. I appreciate all of you who took the time to let us know how you felt about this issue.


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Lake County officials are trying to find relatives of a woman who died this week following a hunger strike begun at the county jail last month, the county coroner said.
Lyvita Gomes, 52, whose most recent address was in Vernon Hills but who was from India, died about 5:30 p.m. Tuesday at Vista Medical Center-East, said Lake County Coroner Artis Yancey. An autopsy showed she apparently died of malnutrition and she had no signs of trauma, Yancy said. There were no diseases detected that would have caused her death and preliminary toxicology tests showed no signs of drugs, he said.


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Three years ago, my friend Melody gave me this little Rose of Sharon in a little pot. It was about 4 inches tall, a mere twig with a few leaves on the end. Now it is 6-7 inches, and it bloomed last year (2 flowers) and again this week (two more flowers). They bloomed one at a time, so my enjoyment lasted twice as long. Isn't it a pretty flower? The bloom is nearly as big as the plant is. ~smile~
It reminds me of the hibiscus shrubs we had while I was growing up in California. Our tortoise loved to eat the flowers when they'd drop to the ground. Red ones were his favorite.
I should plant this outside, but I'm sure that the dogs would knock it flat like they did my Resurrection Lillies that finally bloomed this summer, or dh might mow it down without realizing it was there, or the goats might eat it on one of their wild escape adventures. On my windowsill it is safe, and I can enjoy it daily.


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The Niwot High School Education Foundation is offering scholarships recognizing community and school service to NHS graduating seniors who will be attending a two or four-year college program. The Rotary Club of Niwot will award two $1000 scholarships, the NHSEF will offer one Founding Directors Scholarship in the amount of $1,000. Students may apply for one or more scholarships but there will not be duplicate recipients.
Please see the application forms for qualifications and other information. Scholarship funds are remitted directly to the recipient's college or university tuition account. Applications must be submitted by midnight on Wednesday, March 21, 2018.
Founding Directors Scholarship


text:
Sterling silver double-sided hummingbird charm.Dimensions (mm): 20 x 18 x 1.2Charm finished with soldered sterling silver jump ringPlease convo us if you are interested in larger quantities.
Your order will ship via USPS. Our goal is to ship your order within 2 days after payment is received. If you require faster shipping, please contact us and we can work out a different shipping method and any additional fees.INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING
Your order will ship via USPS. Our goal is to ship your order within 2 days after payment is received. Shipping times will vary and in some instances can take up to 2-3 weeks to arrive.
We accept all forms of payment through PayPal. We will ship your item(s) once your payment has cleared. Please also make sure your PayPal address is correct or contact us if any changes need to be made to the shipping address.About how to use a credit card in Paypal without a Paypal account:http://help.etsy.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/361
Refunds and exchanges of unworn pieces are accepted within 7 days after receiving your item. If you are unhappy with your purchase in any way, please contact us for a return shipping address. Once we receive the item(s) we will refund your purchase through PayPal. Buyer is responsible for return shipping.
Occasionally we may have back stocked items listed on our site. If any of your order is back stocked we will notify you. We usually can restock items within 5 -7 business days. Your entire order will be shipped once the back stock items are available.We are always updating and adding new items, so please check back frequently.


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Councillor Allan Hubley
- Information
- Kanata South Projects
- Bus Pad 0585, 6602, 0353, 2027 & 6601 Rehabilitations – Stonehaven Drive
- Eagleson Road Watermain Repair
- Monahan Landing Woodlot
- Sidewalk & Transit Facility Improvements Bridgestone Drive at Eagleson Road & Bridle Park Drive
- Stonegate Park Pathway Closures
- Stonehaven Road Resurfacing
- West-End Sidewalk Renewals
- Kanata West Pump Station & Forcemains
- Archived
- 2017
- 2016
- 2015
- 2014
- 2013
- 2012
- Winter Maintenance
- By-Law
- Roads
- Parks/Environment
- Forest Tent Caterpillar
- Mosquitoes
- Ticks/Lyme Disease
- Wild Parsnip
- Emerald Ash Borer
- Renting
- Coyote Sightings
- Trees In Trust
- Waste Management
- City of Ottawa
- Communication
- Community
- Associations
- Safety
- Programs
- Traffic Calming
- Transit
- Built For Safety
- How Often Will It Come?
- How Will I Get To It?
- How Will I Transfer?
- O-Train Confederation Line Stage 1 Update
- Where will I buy my fare?
- How Many Will It Carry?
- How Will I Get Through The Gate?
- Kanata LRT Open House #1 (05/06/17)
- Kanata LRT Open House #2 (07/12/17)
- Notice of Commencement
- OC Transpo
- Community Projects, Consultations, Survey's & More!
- Parks
- Development
- Infrastructure
- Akerson Multi-Use Pathway Functional Planning Study
- Bridlewood Flood Relief Project
- Chimo Sidewalk Implementation
- Kakulu Road (north side): Sidewalk Implementation
- Kanata South Link Project
- Kanata West Pump Station & Forcemains
- LED Park Lighting Upgrade
- McCurdy Sidewalk
- Morrena Road Major Drainage Improvements Project
- Richmond Forcemain Work
- Stonegate Park (Pathway Closures)
- West-End Sidewalk Renewals
- West End Flood Investigation Action Plan
- Abbeyhill Area Rehabilitation
- Barrow Cr. Overland Flow
- Castlefrank Rd. Regrading & Laurie Ct.
- Clarence Maheral Park Earth Berm
- Dog Bone Berm
- Hazeldean Pumping Station Improvements
- Hazeldean Road, Abbotsford Road and Morrena Road Regrading
- Inlet Control Devices
- Overland Drainage Improvements at Dunoon Place
- Overland Drainage Improvements at Oakburn Road
- Peary Way Earth Berm
- Protective Plumbing Program
- West End Flood Investigation Action Plan
- West-End Flooding Investigation Report – January 2010
- Archived
- 2011
- 2012
- Fernbank Trunk – TCT at Terry Fox
- Hope Side Road and Eagleson Road Intersection Modification
- Hydro Ottawa
- Roundabout at Stonehaven/Steeple Chase/Bridgestone
- Stonehaven and Eagleson Widening Project
- Terry Fox Drive and Westphalian Avenue Proposed Modification
- Terry Fox Proposed Roadway Modification – 525 metres south of Fernbank Road
- Transportation Master Plan
- Hazeldean Watermain
- 2013
- 2014
- 2015
- 2016
- Events
- Photos
- January, 2018
- February, 2018
- March, 2018
- April, 2018
- Archived
- 2017 Photos
- 2016 Photos
- 2015 Photos
- 2014 Photos
- 2013 Photos
- 2012 Photos
- 2011 Photos
- Contact
Castlefrank Complete Street Proposal
Residents on Castlefrank Road received the below letter June 13th 2016:
June, 2016
Dear Resident,
I would like to take this opportunity to provide you with some details regarding a pilot project we are working on for the south portion of Castlefrank Rd.
The City of Ottawa's 2013 Transportation Master Plan has a Complete Streets component that aims to redesign certain city streets to ensure they meet the needs of all people, whether they choose to walk, bike, drive or take public transit. Although different design elements are used based on function and geographic location, the goal is to accommodate the basic needs of all street users.
Castlefrank Road has been identified as a good fit for a Complete Street and work will commence shortly to implement bike lanes on Castlefrank between Terry Fox and Hazeldean Road. With the addition of the bike lanes, on street parking along Castlefrank Road will be removed and signed 'No Stopping' at any time. Please note that vehicles will no longer be permitted to park on Castlefrank Road with the exception of specific loading areas in front of community mailboxes. Para Transpo will still be permitted to stop along the street to load and unload customers. Delivery trucks are encouraged to pull into driveways, if possible.
Residents who use the pool, library and tennis club are encouraged to use the lot off of Castlefrank Road and overflow vehicles can use the parking lot at the Community Centre located on Morrena.
If you would like to provide comments or feedback , regarding this project, please email me at email@example.com by June 30th, 2016.
Councillor Allan Hubley
Kanata South – Ward 23
As you may be aware, the City's Official Plan will see the connection of Abbott with Castlefrank later this year, which was the result of a 2005 OMB decision. The road connection is certain to change the dynamic of Castlefrank in some capacity, and the intention of the complete street proposal is to get ahead of any additional traffic concerns that could potentially result from this road connection.
The conversion to a complete street would assist in facilitating safe transportation for pedestrians, cyclists and cars and minimize the impact for residents and this traffic calming may deter additional motorists from using Castlefrank as a cut through to access other roadways.
The letter was hand-delivered to every house along the street on June 13, and our office is tracking the responses. Most residents prefer a letter-drop over a public meeting because it enables everyone the opportunity to participate.
As you may be aware, the design for converting Castlefrank to a complete street would see the removal of on-street parking from both sides of the roadway. Currently the unsigned default parking restrictions apply, which is limited to 3 hours from 7:00am-7:00pm, unless otherwise noted.
Residents who are accessing the soccer fields would have the option of parking in the parking lot on Old Colony, as well as at the Lion's Den. Furthermore, additional parking for use of the Glen Cairn outdoor pool and library can be found in the parking lot at the Glen Cairn Community Center off of Morrena.
Numerous inquiries about safety concerns have been brought to the attention of the Councillor regarding on-street parking during soccer games and issues with parents and children running out onto the road in between parked vehicles. As you may be aware, the curve in the road and on-street parking can create sightline issues and therefore, using the mentioned parking lots is recommended to ensure safety of the soccer field users.
Our office will welcome feedback from the community, which is being accepted until June 30, and he will continue to work with the Traffic Department to address any concerns that are brought to our attention for further review and consideration. Please note that these plans are only proposed at this time and the letter you and your neighbours have received was sent in hopes of obtaining feedback from the community to ensure the residents who may be impacted by any changes, have had the opportunity to comment on this proposal.


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text:
Our center is located near the city of Chiangrai in the Chiangrai Province of Northern Thailand, home to many hill-tribe villages. The Camillian Social Center, including Home of Charity, provides opportunity and hope to hundreds of hill-tribe families.�
Many of the hill-tribes' people, despite having been born in Thailand and having lived their entire lives here, are not considered Thai citizens. They must formally apply for the rights and privileges of citizenship. Some are unaware of this process and others neglect to apply for these rights leaving them without the ability to vote, access to government healthcare, and access to higher education.
The center works primarily with the disadvantaged youth of the hill-tribes providing them assistance in attaining citizenship and supporting them throughout their education. Children in primary school come to live at the center during the school year. Once these students have completed primary school they continue to be financially supported by Camillian as they further their education at other facilities. Home of Charity, our school for children with special needs, provides general education as well as special programs for individual needs.
The Camillian Social Center is a Catholic organization that welcomes all faiths and currently has many Christian, Buddhist, and Animist students. The center consists of The Home for Disadvantaged Children, The Home of Charity, and other projects, detailed on the our projects page, designed to support the hill-tribe communities.
Home for Disadvantaged Children
This portion of the center supports around 2,100 disadvantaged children. This support includes food, clothing, school supplies, transportation, and other necessities. For the primary school students, currently numbering 230, this also includes living at the center and learning Thai here in order to study at the local school.
A weekday sample schedule is below.
5:45 A.M. �������� shower
6:15��� ������������ breakfast������
7:00���������������� students depart for school
8:00- 3:30������� classes at local school
4:00-5:00�������� students return to center/participate in sports
5:00�������� ������� bath time/relax time
5:30���������������� evening meal/free time
6:45��� ������������ prayer
7:00���������������� homework
8:15�������������� � bed time
It is important to the center that the children continue to celebrate their tribe's culture in their daily lives. This celebration is often through dress and traditional dance. The children will also attend festivals at the neighboring village for celebrations similar to those in their home villages.
The center has cultivated a very happy environment. Smiles and laughter are as common during chore time as during playtime.
Home of Charity
This portion of the center currently has 27 students with special needs in attendance, 24 of which live at the center. The home focuses on students with physical disabilities and provides general education and special programs (such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, and sensory therapy depending on the students needs). As with the Home for Disadvantaged Youth, the center is also responsible for their food, clothing, supplies, and other necessities. Their weekday schedule can be found below.
6:00��������������� ���������� shower/breakfast
8:00��������������� ���������� Start of school day-National flag rising and morning prayers.
8:15-10:15��������������� classes
10:15-10:45���������� �� snack/break time
10:45-11:45��� ������� � classes
11:45 - 1:00��� ������ ��� lunch-break time
1:00-3:00����� �� ����� �� classes
3:00-3:30����������� � � � snack time
3:30-4:30����� �� �������� outside play time
4:30-5:30������ � ������ � bath time/relax time
5:30 ��������������� ��������� evening meal/free time
7:00-8:00������ � ������ � homework time (senior students)
7:30��������������� �������� � bed time for young children
8:00��������������� �������� � bed time for older students
Secondary School, Vocational School, and Employment
Camillian coordinates with other centers and organizations to find placements for each of their students in secondary school and continues to financially support each student through vocational school, or the level of education the student desires or is able to complete. After the completion of their education the center may also provide assistance in finding employment.