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Probability of freedom from acute rejection as a function of the underlying disease (hepatoma, n=91; alcoholic cirrhosis, n=60; cholestatic disease, n=42; and posthepatitic cirrhosis, n=59).
Cumulative rates of acute rejection episodes per patient per month; patients undergoing transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis vs posthepatitic cirrhosis vs hepatoma vs cholestatic disease.
Probability of freedom from rescue therapy as a function of the underlying disease (hepatoma, n=91; alcoholic cirrhosis, n=60; cholestatic disease, n=42; posthepatitic cirrhosis, n=59).
Cumulative rates of rescue therapy per patient per month; patients undergoing transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis vs posthepatitic cirrhosis vs hepatoma vs cholestatic disease.
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Berlakovich GA, Rockenschaub S, Taucher S, Kaserer K, Mühlbacher F, Steiniger R. Underlying Disease as a Predictor for Rejection After Liver Transplantation. Arch Surg. 1998;133(2):167–172. doi:10.1001/archsurg.133.2.167
© 2018
Copyright 1998 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved. Applicable FARS/DFARS Restrictions Apply to Government Use.1998
As significantly more patients die of infection than of rejection after liver transplantation, we have to conclude that overimmunosuppression is common. Our analysis was performed to investigate underlying disease as an appropriate parameter for individually reduced immunosuppression.
A consecutive series of patients receiving primary liver transplantation was analyzed with regard to acute rejection.
Department of transplantation surgery in a university hospital.
Patients and Methods
From 1988 to 1995, 252 patients received liver transplantation for posthepatitic cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, cholestatic disease, or hepatoma and were analyzed in a univariate and multivariate manner.
Main Outcome Measure
The influence of various underlying diseases on the incidence of acute rejection.
The estimated risk for freedom from acute rejection and analysis of cumulative rates of acute rejection stratified by group showed significant differences between the groups, except for alcoholic and posthepatitic cirrhosis. Severity of acute rejection episodes, as assessed by the need for rescue therapy, was similar in both univariate analysis and cumulative rates for alcoholic and posthepatitic cirrhosis. As expected, patients with cholestatic disease exhibited a significantly increased requirement for rescue therapy. For patients with hepatoma, a low incidence of initial and a high rate of repeated rescue therapy were observed. The varying immunological behavior within this group may have influenced both expansion of the tumor and severity of acute rejection. Multivariate analysis of potential risk factors identified underlying disease as a variable of independent prognostic significance for acute rejection and the need to receive rescue therapy.
These results indicate the importance of taking the original disease into consideration where immunosuppressive therapy is concerned.
THE RESULTS of liver transplantation have improved over the past decade and the current 1-year survival rate exceeds 70%.1,2 Analysis of the data indicates that the rate of improvement in the survival curves has slowed down during the past 2 years. The introduction of new immunosuppressive agents has not been associated with improved patient or graft survival.3,4 The regimen relies predominantly on the administration of cyclosporine or tacrolimus in association with steroids and azathioprine. The addition of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies in the early postoperative period, the use of targeted cyclosporine blood levels, and the duration of steroid administration vary between transplantation centers. However, within a given center, all patients usually receive the same immunosuppressive regimen because they are all considered to be at the same risk of rejection.
In many publications various parameters such as HLA-DR mismatch,5-7 cytomegalovirus infection,8,9 and preservation-induced injury10,11 have suggested and failed to confirm an influence on rejection. Two studies recently discussed the importance of the effect of underlying disease on rejection12,13 and showed a concrete connection between the original disease and rejection. In neither of the studies was individually adapted immunosuppression therapy realized as a consequence. However, this parameter seems to be becoming of greater interest in the management of immunosuppressive therapy, although it has not been possible to give a definite explanation for the varying initial immunological status of the patients.
Our study was performed to enlarge this spectrum of observations through comparison of the incidence of acute rejection in patients who had undergone transplantation for various original diseases. Analyzing the causes of death of all recipients who died at our center shows that 33% died of infectious complications and only 2% of rejection. Because the risk of infectious complications from immunosuppression was not balanced against the goal of preventing graft rejection, parameters need to be found for individually adapted immunosuppression therapy. In our clinical experience, underlying disease has been found to be an appropriate parameter for this purpose.
From January 1988 to January 1995, 354 liver transplantations were performed on 307 patients at the Department of Transplant Surgery of the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. This study period was selected because there were no changes in the preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative management during this time. The indication for transplantation was posthepatitic cirrhosis in 59 recipients, alcoholic cirrhosis in 60 recipients, cholestatic diseases in 42 recipients, and hepatoma in 91 recipients. Comparison of the groups was performed retrospectively. Recipients undergoing transplantation for other types of cirrhosis (n=16), metabolic disease (n=11), primary acute hepatic failure (n=17), and pediatric transplantations (n=11) were excluded from the analysis because of inhomogeneous and small groups. Therefore, 252 patients were eligible for analysis.
All patients with hepatoma and most of those with cirrhosis had had at least 1 liver biopsy preoperatively, and histological examination of the specimen had confirmed liver disease. The selection of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis was performed as described elsewhere.14 The diagnosis of end-stage liver disease was based in each case on the history, compatible clinical and laboratory findings, and the morphology of the resected diseased liver after transplantation. Patients were generally considered for transplantation if liver function suggested a poor prognosis, such as a Child score of B or C or, in the case of hepatoma, in the absence of extrahepatic manifestation if resection was not possible.
During hospitalization, a complete laboratory investigation (hematologic testing, liver function parameters, coagulation, electrolytes, total protein, renal parameters, electrophoresis, and lipid profile) as well as cyclosporine high-pressure liquid chromatography or monoclonal fluorescence polarization immunoassay whole-blood trough levels were determined daily. The outpatient follow-up intervals were usually once a week during the first month after discharge, twice monthly during the second and third months, monthly during the next 3 months, and every 2 or 3 months thereafter, regardless of the length of the observation period after the transplantation. A visit might also have been necessary at any time because of a particular problem. Complete laboratory investigations, as described earlier, were performed at each visit.
During the observation period, all patients received the same immunosuppressive regimen. Beginning 6 hours posttransplantation at the latest, rabbit antihuman thymocyte immunoglobulin (Thymoglobuline, Pasteur-Merieux, Lyon, France), 2.5 mg/kg of body weight, was given intravenously as a daily infusion during a 6-hour period. This induction therapy was continued for 10 days. Beginning on the eighth postoperative day, cyclosporine, 8 mg/kg per day, was administered orally in 2 doses and the dosage adjusted to obtain a trough whole-blood high-pressure liquid chromatography target level between 100 and 150 ng/mL (fluorescence polarization immunoassay, 150-200 ng/mL). An intravenous bolus of 40 mg of dexamethasone was given intraoperatively and tapered to 4 mg by day 5. Twenty milligrams of prednisolone was administered orally for 3 months thereafter. The dosage was decreased monthly by 5 mg to a maintenance dose of 5 mg of prednisolone after the fifth month. Azathioprine, 2 mg/kg per day, was administered after a successfully treated rejection episode as long-term triple therapy or if the current immunosuppressive double regimen with cyclosporine and steroids had to be reduced because of adverse events.
The diagnosis of rejection was made on clinical, laboratory, and histological findings. Development of fever and increasing indisposition of the patient, a rise in bilirubin and transaminase levels, and a change in color and amount of bile produced per day were regarded as possible signs of rejection. Biopsies were performed when clinically indicated, and always before the start of treatment. Severity of acute graft rejection in percutaneous liver needle biopsy was graded in categories15,16 of mild, moderate, and severe rejection. Antirejection treatment was usually begun in the presence of moderate or severe rejection as determined by histological examination. Rejection requiring treatment was classified as a clinically relevant rejection episode. The diagnosis of recurrent acute rejection was considered when normal liver function test results had been obtained between the 2 rejection episodes.
Clinically relevant rejection episodes were treated with 3 pulses of 100 mg of dexamethasone. If steroids failed, a course of 10 to 14 days of equine antihuman thymocyte globulin (Lymphoglobuline, Pasteur-Merieux; 10 mg/kg per day) treatment was usually initiated. Monoclonal murine anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3, Ortho-mune monoclonal antibodies, Ortho Diagnostic Systems Inc, Raritan, NJ; 5 mg/d) or rabbit antihuman T-lymphocyte globulin (ATG, Fresenius AG, Bad Homburg, Germany; 5 mg/kg per day) was administered to only a few patients, especially in the case of a second steroid-resistant acute rejection episode.
Freedom from acute rejection episodes and freedom from antirejection therapy, as well as patient and graft survival, were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method.17 The Mantel18 and Breslow19 tests were used to find differences between proportions and the significance of associations. Cumulative rates of acute rejection episodes and receiving rescue therapy per patient per month and continuous demographical data (age, cold ischemia time, duration of operation, and anhepatic phase) were compared with the unpaired, 1-tailed t test. Differences in proportional demographic data (sex, Child score, crossmatch, and units of blood used) were calculated by univariate χ2 analysis. The independent importance of potential risk factors was tested using the proportional hazards regression model of Cox.20 A probability value of P<.05 was considered to be significant. At that time none of the 252 patients in the study group had been unavailable for follow-up.
Demographic and transplantation characteristics of the 252 patients entered for analysis are summarized in Table 1. Sex as well as severity of liver disease at the time of transplantation were somewhat different between groups, reflecting differences in the epidemiology and timing of transplantation for each underlying disease. Parameters thought to influence the immune system (cytotoxic crossmatch, duration of operation, anhepatic phase, cold ischemic time, and units of blood used) were not statistically different and the groups were well matched.
The overall 1-year incidence of acute rejection was 43%. This incidence was significantly different in patients who had undergone transplantation for cholestatic disease, those with hepatoma or alcoholic cirrhosis, and those undergoing transplantation for posthepatitic cirrhosis (Mantel P=.02, Breslow P=.01). The difference was mainly related to a reduced incidence of early (within the first 2-3 weeks posttransplantation) rejection episodes, whereas the incidence of late rejection episodes was comparable (Figure 1).
When compared by multivariate analysis, the underlying disease was the only variable of independent prognostic significance (P=.002). As expected, age, sex, units of blood used, and cold ischemic time did not influence acute rejection episodes (Table 2).
Cumulative rates of acute rejection episodes per patient per month were examined for months 1 to 6 for all groups of underlying disease (Figure 2). At 6 months, when 94% of all acute rejection episodes occurred, the cumulative rates of acute rejection were 0.45 for alcoholic cirrhosis, 0.55 for posthepatitic cirrhosis, 0.65 for hepatoma, and 1.00 for cholestatic disease. Only alcoholic cirrhosis and posthepatitic cirrhosis showed no difference (P=.17). The comparison between all other groups reached statistical significance (alcoholic cirrhosis with cholestatic disease and hepatoma, P<.001 and P=.007, respectively; virus-related cirrhosis with cholestatic disease and hepatoma, P<.001 and P=.04, respectively; and cholestatic disease with hepatoma, P<.001).
The incidence of receiving rescue therapy (Figure 3) was comparable in patients who had undergone transplantation for alcoholic or posthepatitic cirrhosis (15%). More patients who had undergone transplantation for hepatoma (23%) received rescue therapy and the highest figures were found in those who had undergone transplantation for cholestatic disease (33%). However, this trend did not reach statistical significance (Mantel P=.07, Breslow P=.06).
The Cox model identified the underlying disease (P=.03) and the units of blood used (P=.02) as independent predictors of receiving rescue therapy (Table 3). The influence of the latter variable on this issue cannot be explained.
The severity of acute rejection episodes was increased in patients with cholestatic disease, with more patients having 1 or more moderate or severe acute rejection episodes requiring treatment (Figure 4). The cumulative rates per patient per month at 6 months were 0.18 for alcoholic cirrhosis, 0.26 for posthepatitic cirrhosis, 0.32 for hepatoma, and 0.50 for cholestatic disease. The rates for alcoholic and posthepatitic cirrhosis (P=.17) and posthepatitic cirrhosis and hepatoma (P=.25) were not significantly different. A significant difference could be demonstrated between all the other groups (alcoholic cirrhosis with cholestatic disease and hepatoma, P<.001 and P=.04, respectively; cholestatic disease with posthepatitic cirrhosis and hepatoma, P=.02 and P=.03, respectively).
Steroid-resistant acute rejection was diagnosed in 5 patients (12%) with cholestatic disease, 6 patients (10%) with alcoholic cirrhosis, and 6 patients (6.6%) with hepatoma. It was significantly lower (1.7%; P=.02) only in posthepatitic cirrhosis. Despite a comparable incidence of steroid-resistant acute rejection, patients who had undergone transplantation for cholestatic disease received the highest cumulative dose of steroids per patient in comparison with the other groups (alcoholic cirrhosis, P<.001; virus-related cirrhosis, P=.001; and hepatoma, P=.004).
Important immunological factors in liver transplantation include graft rejection and the consequences of the immunosuppression therapy required to control it. Various parameters influencing acute rejection after orthotopic liver transplantation are currently under discussion. According to the results in kidney transplantation, the effect of HLA-DR mismatch was analyzed in retrospective studies5-7 but the results were divergent. Similar observations were made for cytomegalovirus infection8,9 and preservation-induced injury.10,11 However, 2 recent studies12,13 discussed the influence of the original disease on acute rejection. Both studies started out from the hypothesis that varying immunological initial situations of the transplantation candidates result from the original disease. The article from our institution12 compared 2 very different immunological groups, primary biliary cirrhosis, meaning patients who suffer from an autoimmune disease accompanied by a hyperactive immune system, and alcoholic patients, representing patients with a preoperatively chronically weakened immune system. Farges et al13 analyzed the incidence of acute rejection in patients undergoing transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, alcoholic cirrhosis, autoimmune cirrhosis, and hepatitis B– and hepatitis C virus–induced cirrhosis. The authors found a low incidence of acute rejection for patients with alcoholic- and virus-induced cirrhosis. In contrast, patients who had undergone transplantation for an autoimmune disease (primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, or autoimmune cirrhosis) were at an increased risk of an acute rejection episode. The results in both publications were therefore comparable.
Farges et al13 excluded patients with malignant disease in the native liver because they are at risk of recurrence and because they usually undergo chemotherapy posttransplantation. The purpose of our study was to compare the major groups of original diseases representing the indications for orthotopic liver transplantation at our transplantation center, including hepatoma. During the study period, none of these recipients received chemotherapy and 1-year patient survival was comparable to that of the other groups. Recurrence of disease did not usually occur in the 12 months after transplantation, whereas 94% of all acute rejection episodes occurred within the first 6 months.
Univariate analysis considered only the first episode of acute rejection, and with the occurrence of this event the patient was censored, thus indicating freedom from acute rejection. The incidence of freedom from acute rejection could be demonstrated to be significantly higher in patients undergoing transplantation for posthepatitic cirrhosis. In addition, steroid-resistant acute rejection episodes were significantly lower than for all other groups. The incidence of repeated rejection episodes in each patient was expressed by cumulative rates of acute rejection per patient per month. As expected, the incidence was low in patients undergoing transplantation for posthepatitic cirrhosis. The severity of these rejection episodes, as assessed by the need to receive rescue therapy, was also similar in both univariate analysis and cumulative rates.
Data from patients who had undergone liver transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis were remarkably similar, with the exception of freedom from acute rejection, which was significantly lower for alcoholic patients.
Patients who had undergone transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis or posthepatitic cirrhosis were at reduced risk of acute rejection. The mechanisms responsible for this protection against rejection seem to differ in these 2 populations. The data do not support the hypothesis that this difference is simply related to a difference in the severity of cirrhosis at the time of transplantation or its nutritional consequence.
In the case of alcoholic cirrhosis, an inhibitory effect of alcohol on various aspects of the immune response appeared to be the most likely explanation and seemed to persist in the early postoperative period, despite abstinence from alcohol for several months before transplantation. The T-lymphocyte response to specific polyclonal activators may be severely impaired in alcohol abusers because of functional abnormalities in transmembrane signal-transduction pathways.21 Futhermore, the function of macrophage Fc γ receptors is impaired specifically in correlation with the degree of liver insufficiency.22 This impairment probably contributes to the high incidence of bacterial infections among such patients. In our analysis, however, the infection rate in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis was not different from those with other indications.
Patients who had undergone transplantation for posthepatitic cirrhosis were also at reduced risk for acute rejection and rescue therapy. The reason may be a peristent virus-induced defect in cell-mediated immunity.23,24
In contrast, patients who had undergone transplantation for cholestatic disease were at significantly increased risk for acute rejection and the need to receive rescue therapy. Both univariate analysis and cumulative rates showed the highest risk for acute rejection and for the need to receive rejection therapy. Even beyond the first month after liver transplantation, when the risk decreases significantly in all other groups, patients undergoing transplantation for cholestatic disease have rejection episodes requiring rescue therapy. The molecular genetics of these autoimmune liver diseases may influence the immune response to alloantigens through either direct T-cell interaction or through the influence of other closely linked genes.25,26
The relevant observation of this study was the inclusion of patients who had undergone transplantation for hepatoma, in contrast to the publication of Farges et al.13 During the observation period, none of the patients received chemotherapy. In our opinion, the risk of recurrence of disease is not an exclusion criterion for these patients, as the survival curve shows that 1-year survival is similar between the groups, and recurrence of disease or death usually occur after the first year. On the other hand, 84% of rejection episodes take place during the first month.
The incidence of acute rejection in patients with hepatoma was in a different proportion to the incidence of first acute rejection or first rescue therapy and cumulative rates of acute rejection episodes or rescue therapy. A rather low incidence of first acute rejection or rescue therapy was noted, similar to that in patients undergoing transplantation for alcoholic or posthepatitic cirrhosis. In contrast, a high rate of repeated acute rejection or repeated rescue therapy was observed in some patients. This resulted in an increased cumulative rate of acute rejection and cumulative rate of rescue therapy. The reason for this observation might be varying immunological behavior within this group of patients who had undergone transplantation for hepatoma. One explanation might be that patients with a high rate of acute rejection and subsequent rescue therapy have very powerful immune systems and do not suffer from recurrence of malignant neoplasms. Patients with recurrence of malignant neoplasms have immunological deficiencies and therefore are at low risk of acute rejection and receive no rescue therapy. The hypothesis could not be definitely confirmed by our data. Of the patients who died of malignant recurrence, 52% did not have any episodes of acute rejection and 76% never received rescue therapy. The samples in the subgroups were probably too small to reach statistical significance.
Multivariate analysis identified the underlying disease as a variable of independent prognostic significance for acute rejection and for the need to receive rescue therapy. Both our results and the investigations carried out on this subject indicate the importance of taking the original disease into consideration when choosing immunosuppressive therapy. All recipients receive the same initial therapy; however, beyond 3 months after transplantation we do not hesitate to reduce immunosuppression therapy significantly in the group at low risk for rejection.
Considering that significantly more patients die of infection than of acute or chronic rejection, we have to conclude that overimmunosuppression is common. On the other hand, of the patients surviving for more than 5 years after liver transplantation, more than 50% show significantly reduced renal function as an adverse effect of immunosuppressive therapy. In the light of these facts, additional investigations need to be carried out in the search for further appropriate parameters to make individually adjusted (reduced) immunosuppression possible in daily routine work.
Corresponding author: Gabriela A. Berlakovich, MD, Department of Transplant Surgery, University of Vienna, Wahringer-Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.


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Don't Get Stuck in Your Business
About This Show
Lessons in Sustainable Business Growth.Read more »
Lessons in Sustainable Business Growth.Read more »
Featured Topics: Hiring Employees, Job Descriptions, Job Applications, Business Growth, Human Resources, Business Muscle [powerpress] This podcast episode concentrates on how to hire new employees to maintain or strengthen one's business core and increase "business muscle". It is a given that in most companies the workforce is a critical muscle in the business body. Unfortunately how individuals are hired is often dealt with poorly and with significant financial and long term consequences for a […]Read more »

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Become a Junior Producer Family
In a theatre, producers are at the intersection of art and business, and have the vision and leadership to take a project from concept to stage. Join us a Junior Producer family for the 2017-2018 production of Corduroy with a tax-deductible gift of $500. In addition to receiving exclusive event invitations and access to artistic staff, Junior Producers are recognized in production programs. Other Junior Producer benefits are specifically tailored for each show.
Learn how a brand new show comes to life! Did you know that new plays often change drastically during the first few performances, known as previews? Join the artistic team and other Junior Producers at a working technical rehearsal to see how the team perfects the shows for the audience. Then we'll arrange a private tour with the crew after you see the show for an insider's look into what changed between tech rehearsals and the performance you just saw.*
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Contact Senior Manager of Individual Giving, Sarah Marrs by email or by phone at 612.872.5195 to join or learn more about the program.
*Join by February 12, 2018, for recognition in Corduroy program. Junior Producer families are responsible for purchasing tickets. Tour times and dates restricted due to production schedules. Contact Sarah Marrs directly to schedule your tour.
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Chapter 31 - "Warmest greetings from the Church of Man!"
In this entry, John chronicled several days' events as they unfolded for him. As John walked to his dentist's appointment, he noticed some people handing out fliers. They belonged to a group called the Church of Man. Though he told them he wasn't interested, they shoved one of their fliers in his hand, anyway. The flier said that the new Church of Man would be opening soon and that people were invited to attend. The flier gave a basic overview of the faith, which included the fact that the Church didn't worship a deity, but rather embraced the ideology of celebrating mankind as divine, a type of collective divinity. John shared the flier with a friend of his who said he dated a girl who belonged to the church. He told John...
(read more from the Part II: Chapters 31 - 33 Summary)
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Iced Mint and Citrus Tea
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Author Notes: This recipe is inspired by a tea I get every Saturday at my local Greenmarket -- as my mother would say, I "diagnosed" and then "reproduced!" —Merrill Stubbs
Makes: about 3 quarts
large bunch mint (I prefer spearmint to peppermint)
cup mild honey (plus more to taste)
cup maple syrup (plus more to taste)
large lemon
large lime
- Fill your kettle with water and bring it to a boil.
- Pull the mint leaves from their stems and roughly tear them into a large pot. Pour 10 cups of boiling water over the mint, cover the pot and let the mixture steep until the water is just slightly warm.
- Strain the tea into a large bowl, and while the tea is still warm stir in the honey and maple syrup until it has fully dissolved. Taste and add more honey and/or maple syrup if you'd like, keeping in mind you'll be adding a strong hit of acid shortly.
- When the tea is cool, juice the lemon and lime, straining the juice of all fibers and pips. Stir the juice into the tea until everything is well mixed. Taste and add more lemon or lime juice -- or maple syrup -- if you like.
- Cover and refrigerate the tea until it is very cold. Give it a good stir and serve it in pretty glasses over plenty of ice.
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Beyond Words Toastmasters Club of Charles Schwab-Bimonthly Meeting
Thursday, November 2, 2017 from 12:00 PM to 1:00 PM (CDT)
Event Details
Guests are always welcome!
This is a club that is OPEN TO THE PUBLIC
However, to ensure security access; we will need you to RSVP by the day before.
In order to attend, please reserve a free guest pass below by the Wednesday before.
You will receive a reply confirming your reservation with the details on how to join us on Thursday
If you would like to volunteer for a meeting role, please specify:
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Heart's Home St Ignatius
To share the lives of the students and offer them a "home away from home"
The student Heart's Home began in September 2011. Two years after Amy returned from a Heart's Home mission in Honduras, she desired to be able to continue the spirit of compassion. While studying and working she was struck by the loneliness of so many students who had moved away from home and she saw the charism of Heart's Home as a natural response.
The student Heart's Home in Spokane is composed of 4 American youth who serve the students of Gonzaga University, Washington State University, and the greater Spokane community through times of prayer, companionship, sharing meals, coffee, conversation, and brunch every Sunday.
Heart's Home St. Ignatius is looking for young women for 2015-2016 who wish to live their studies while sharing in a life of prayer (liturgy of the hours, adoration, rosary), community (four members), compassion, and hospitality. The Heart's Home is open to freshman-senior undergraduate members, as well as graduate members, from Spokane area colleges. If you are interested, please contact Amy Koreski Nelsen by e-mail
Watch this 1:34 min amazing movie!


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Is Your Life a Mess? Find Hope and Peace Through a Relationship with God. In This Episode: Some of our problems are so great, only God can solve them. He is the only one who has the power to rescue us and transform our lives. In this episode, I have a heart to heart talk…
Amy's Mother Abandoned Her: EP 8
How to Heal from Mother Abandonment. In This Episode: For 14 years, Amy was practically raising herself, while her mom was in the bars drinking. Amy's mom wasn't there for her when she needed her the most. The hurt Amy has from her mom abandoning her has continued into her adult life. Mother abandonment is…
Can Cody Forgive His Mom?: EP 7
How to Forgive Those Who Have Deeply Hurt You. In This Episode: No doubt there is at least one person in your life you need to forgive. This person has deeply hurt you, violated you and caused you tremendous pain. What the person did to you is inexcusable but it is forgivable. Forgiving them means…
Carmen's Deep Self-Esteem Wounds: EP 6
What to Do When You Hate Yourself. In This Episode: At one time or another, we've all been disgusted with ourselves and wallowed in the world of self-loathing. You might not have said, "I hate myself," but no doubt you have believed horrible lies about who you are. These lies are called false beliefs. They…
Rachel Questions if She's in Love: EP 5
How to Know if You're in Love. In This Episode: You don't fall in love, you fall in ditches. Having a loving relationship is not something that just happens. Romantic love is a deep emotional need and an act of the will, based on a clear understanding of the other person. It takes a lot…
Lust Invaded Breanna's Relationship: EP 4
How to Stop Lust from Invading Your Life. In This Episode: Everyone who's currently dating or hopes to have a relationship, needs to ask themselves this question… Am I allowing desire to take over my relationships or even my life? Lust is extremely powerful and often misunderstood, causing all kinds of confusion. Some people get caught…
Jacob's Broken Heart: EP 3
How to Overcome a Broken Heart. In This Episode: When it comes to relationships, one of the most asked questions is, "How can I overcome a broken heart?" If you haven't had your heart broken yet, there's a good chance you will. To be in love is to be vulnerable to the other person so…
Christina's Father Hunger: EP 2
How to Find Healing From the Damage of Fatherlessness. In This Episode: Father hunger is a lack of sufficient fathering which is extremely impactful to a person's life for good or bad. I will explain to you how you can heal from the damage of an absent father. Then, I'll give you practical ways to…
Abbie's Love Addiction: EP 1
What Does It Mean to Have a Love Addiction? In This Episode: "So, Dawson, what does it mean to be a love addict?" I'm glad you asked. A love addict is someone who seeks to maintain a relationship, no matter how unhealthy or one-sided it may be, in the hope of receiving love and…
The Dawson McAllister Podcast
Podcast Launch I have some very important news for you. After 26 years on broadcast radio, I have decided to move everything online. I am creating a new show, called The Dawson McAllister Podcast, which is available on my website, TheHopeLine.com. Here's a brief intro to my new podcast: I am going to take a deep dive into…
Do you want to be encouraged, inspired and informed? Sign up to receive a weekly text message from Dawson McAllister.
More than 40 years ago, God called Dawson as a spokesman to, and for, the American teenager. Dawson has written 18 books designed specifically to reach teenagers. In the 1970s he pioneered the Dawson McAllister Student Conference, a youth group conference model that over 20 years grew to arena-sized events and resulted in more than a million students learning deep truths about the Kingdom of God. Over 100,000 made decisions to follow Christ.
In January 1991, God gave Dawson and his team a new opportunity: To reach young people through Christian radio. Starting on five stations, his call-in talk show, Dawson McAllister Live! (DMLive), grew to 250 stations. In 1994 it was voted National Religious Broadcasters' Talk Show of the Year.
While the reach of radio was startling, more was needed to rescue young people from their deep dilemmas. In late 1991, Dawson founded TheHopeLine — an off-air rescue line where more than 1.2 million one-on-one conversations have provided emotional and spiritual triage for 13- to 29-year-olds who were struggling with everything from addiction to despair. Since 2010, TheHopeLine's HopeCoaches have also handled more than 30,000 suicide interventions. In addition, Dawson and his team have built a Christian community of care, making tens of thousands of annual referrals to nearly 20 trusted partners.
In 2005, God led DMA to pioneer once again by creating a Top 40 version of Dawson McAllister Live! It began airing on Top 40 stations in January 2006 and aired nationwide for more than 10 years, delivering "clear thinking and right values" to hundreds of thousands each week.
Today, Dawson has launched yet another new version of his award-winning call-in show. Dawson McAllister Live! online is available exclusively at www.dmlive.com, as is his weekly topic-driven podcast.
Dawson did his undergraduate work at Bethel College in Minnesota and his graduate studies at Talbot Seminary in California. He has an honorary doctorate from Biola University. When not in the studio, he is at home with this family on a farm just south of Nashville, TN.


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What is it/what does it do?To save you the hassle of digesting the sales pitch I have produced a summary of what they say about themselves here:
A comprehensive guide to improving your bass playing
- Do you know the first seven letters of the English alphabet? (If not, I'll TELL YOU!)
- Intuitively understanding what others teach you, picking up new techniques with ease
- 'Thumping' styles (how to use a pick, your fingers, hybrid style etc)
- Finally watch yourself progressing as a player for the first time in years…
- Showing you how to turn your chords knowledge to your advantage as a bass player
- Teaching you a simple way of looking at the fretboard you'll find anywhere
- Teaching you two simple scale patterns that are literally all you need
- Containing 2 hours of video instruction jam packed with useful content
- Showing you how to play harmonies and melodies on your bass
- Can you count to eight? (Again, we can WORK on this!)
Is anyone buying it?Let's look at some hard facts now. We can turn to statistics provided by the payment processor. They release something called the product's "Gravity". It's an indicator of how well the product is selling. I've processed this figure and produced a rating out of 100. Products with a high rating are popular. Decoding The Bass Guitar scores 71.57/100 which is around standard.
Your buying optionsBy now you've read through the résumé of what the product's about. You've had a look at the user reviews on the right hand side of the page. Maybe you've decided you'd like to buy the product. So what next?
Option 1: Buy DirectYou click through to http://www.bassguitartheory.com/decoding-bass/, and look for their link to buy the product. From there you'll be linked through to the payment processor page and you can pay with a credit/debit card or PayPal. At the time of writing this review the standard price for the product was $29.95.
Option 2: Buy Through My LinkIf you click this link: bassguitartheory.com you'll also be taken through to bassguitartheory.com, where you can go through the same process as Option 1. In this case though, because you arrived at the site through a special link, I get the credit for sending you over. If you do end up buying, I will receive a commission. There's no difference in the cost to you. You might want to choose this option if:
- You feel my site has helped you and you'd like to show your appreciation.
- You want to be eligible for a purchase bonus (see below)


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The Spectrum Collaboration Challenge
The DARPA Spectrum Collaboration Challenge (SC2) is the first-of-its-kind collaborative machine-learning competition to overcome scarcity in the radio frequency (RF) spectrum. Today, spectrum is managed by dividing it into rigid, exclusively licensed bands. This human-driven process is not adaptive to the dynamics of supply and demand, and thus cannot exploit the full potential capacity of the spectrum. In SC2, competitors will reimagine a new, more efficient wireless paradigm in which radio networks autonomously collaborate to dynamically determine how the spectrum should be used moment to moment.
The team whose radio design most reliably achieves successful communication in the presence of other competing radios could win as much as $3,500,000. For more information, see the About Page.
For general inquiries, please email firstname.lastname@example.com
Latest Updates
click here to see All Posts
Preliminary Event #1 Recap
DARPA Announces 2019 Spectrum Collaboration Challenge Live Finale
DARPA's three-year, $3.75 million challenge to solve spectrum scarcity will culminate in a live event alongside "Mobile World Congress Americas, in Partnership with CTIA"
Preliminary Event #1 Winners Announced!
Competitors from around the world came together this month for the Preliminary Event #1 (PE1) of DARPA's Spectrum Collaboration Challenge (SC2) at Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, MD. This was the first event of the three-year long tournament designed to generate new wireless paradigms and access strategies in which radio networks enhanced with artificial intelligence will autonomously collaborate and reason about how to share the increasingly congested electromagnetic spectrum. Months of development and hundreds of scrimmage hours paid off for 10 teams who each walked away from the December 13 event with $750,000 in prize money. The winning teams' demonstrated software defined radio (SDR) designs that were most effective at collaborating with competing radio designs to jointly optimize spectrum usage.
Congratulations to the 10 top scoring teams, each receiving $750,000 :
- MarmotE from Vanderbilt University
- SHARE THE PIE from BAE Systems with Eigen LLC
- Zylinium from a Maryland-based startup
- Erebus, consisting of three independent engineers and software developers
- SCATTER from IDLab, an imec research group at Ghent University and University of Antwerp, and Rutgers University
- GatorWings from University of Florida
- Sprite from Northeastern University
- Strawberry Jammer from Northrup Grumman
- Optical Spectrum, consisting of two independent LIDAR engineers
- BAM! Wireless from Purdue University and Texas A&M University
SC2's Preliminary Event #2 (PE2) will be held in December 2018. Over the next 12 months, the 19 teams that participated in PE1 will have continued access to Colosseum to test their designs and a chance to participate in scrimmages against other competitors. In addition, new teams looking to join the SC2 competition may enter by completing entrance hurdle described here: https://spectrumcollaborationchallenge.com/join.
Phase 2 Registration & Entrance Hurdle Are Open!
DARPA's Spectrum Collaboration Challenge (SC2), the world's first collaborative machine intelligence competition to overcome spectrum scarcity, is opening the search for teams to compete in Phase 2 of the Challenge. As the number of military and civilian wireless devices continues to grow exponentially, the need for full access to the increasingly crowded electromagnetic spectrum has never been greater. To overcome the issues of spectrum scarcity, SC2 aims to redefine conventional, rigid spectrum management paradigms in favor of more efficient and fluid machine-driven approaches.
As Phase 1 of SC2 comes to a close in December, the SC2 organizers are excited to reopen the competition to new candidates who are eager to develop smart systems that collaboratively and autonomously adapt in real time to today's dynamic and congested spectrum environment. To join in, however, will take "hurdling" over some technological challenges. The Phase 2 Qualification Hurdles are now open and require interested teams to deliver software defined radio code. The results of these entrance hurdles will determine the final line-up for the next stage, which will culminate in a Second Preliminary Event in December 2018.
The registration deadline for taking on the Hurdles is January, 2018. However, interested participants are encouraged to review the qualification details well in advance to ensure sufficient time is allowed for completion.
Visit https://spectrumcollaborationchallenge.com/join to Join
Program Manager Paul Tilghman Speaks at NIWeek 2017
Recently at NIWeek 2017, Eric Starkloff and DARPA program manager Paul Tilghman met on stage and discussed the challenges of spectral coexistence and how Darpa launched a new program called the Spectrum Collaboration Challenge to encourage teams to develop radio networks which can autonomously collaborate to thrive without spectrum allocation. As part of this, DARPA created a testbed called the "Colosseum" to emulate tens of thousands of possible interactions between hundreds of wireless communication devices in real time, using NI's USRPs and ATCA blades.
View the full discussion here, or visit our press page for this and more news on SC2.


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Biodiesel of Mississippi restarts operations, sells plant
BMI also asked Maryland mergers and acquisitions firm Equity Partners Inc. (EPI) to seek a buyer for the plant. The facility was open for site visits, received several bids and held an auction before determining a final buyer Dec. 21. The bankruptcy court approved the sale of the plant to a Virgin Islands group by the name of La Croix International, and BMI hopes to close Jan. 20, said Ken Mann of EPI.
BMI's plant has operated on and off for three years, producing biodiesel fuel consistently for three quarters leading up to its close. Sitting on a 3.9-acre site, the soybean processing facility is listed as a 60,000-gallons-per-day plant, Mann said, although a permit application has been submitted to the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality to produce up to 130,000 gallons per day. BMI used Ultra Sonic Fusion Reactors technology to produce its biodiesel. Two large grain storage bins, a grain elevator and truck scales are also situated on the property.
Headquartered in Pasadena, Md., EPI provides investment banking services exclusively for businesses operating in Chapter 11 or suffering from financial distress.


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No products
Al Caiola, Don Arnone (g), Phil Bodner (cl, fl, as, ts), Art Van Damme (accordion), Eddie Costa (p, vib, bells), Dick Hyman (p), Phil Kraus (vib, percussion), George Duvivier, Frank Carroll (b), Bobby Rosengarden (d), Gloria Agostini (harp)
Reference: BMCD 876
Bar code: 8427328008761
· Collector's Edition
· Issued in Digipack
· 2 Original LPs on 1 CD
· Original Cover Art and Liner Notes
· Stereo Recordings
· Newly Remastered in 24-Bit
The name of Al Caiola has been part of that very select fraternity of studio musicians who were heard on most of New York's top rated television and recording assignments from the 40s up to the 70s. There's a distinctive style and approach in his playing which made for a "sound." On these recordings, Caiola joined forces with Don Arnone, another top-class, revered and busy studio jazz and pop guitarist. Both men get the chance to swing on these albums featuring two dozen well-known standards and originals, which showcase how well their unique styles blend.
On the first, "Great Pickin'," the sparkling ensemble works with bass and drums, while on some tracks the band includes Eddie Costa on piano, Phil Kraus on vibes, reedman Phil Bodner and Art Van Damme's swinging accordion. On "Soft Guitars," "Mr. Guitar" Al Caiola and "Mr. Y" Don Arnone are backed by Frank Carroll on bass and Gloria Agostini on harp.
These recordings capture the full, complete warmth of each instrument, bringing out all the highlights, all the nuances, all the subtle interplay that give their playing its special distinction.
01. Caravan (Ellington-Tizol) 3:10
02. Cosmopolitan (Al Caiola) 1:55
03. A Foggy Day (G. & I. Gershwin) 2:52
04. Like the Moon Above You (Rhumshinky-Tauber) 1:57
05. I Saw the Stars (Sigler-Goodheart-Hoffman) 3:00
06. Lover Come Back to Me (Romberg-Hammerstein) 2:40
07. On the Alamo (Jones-Kahn) 2:01
08. Birds of a Feather (Caiola-Ekstrand) 2:39
09. A Tree in the Park (Rodgers-Hart) 3:28
10. Blue Lou (Sampson-Mills) 2:05
11. Chinese Guitar (Don Arnone) 2:25
12. Stompin' at the Savoy (Goodman-Sampson-Webb-Razaf) 3:33
13. They Can't Take That Away from Me (G. & I. Gershwin) 2:53
14. I Can't Get Started (Duke-Gershwin) 2:37
15. Try a Little Tenderness (Woods-Campbell-Connelly) 2:53
16. Where or When (Rodgers-Hart) 2:42
17. Skylark (Carmichael-Mercer) 2:46
18. Clair de Lune (Claude Debussy) 2:52
19. Imagination (Van Heusen-Burke) 2:39
20. More than You Know (Youmans-Rose-Eliscu) 3:12
21. Stella by Starlight (Young-Washington) 3:26
22. 'S Nice (Al Caiola) 1:52
23. I Don't Know Why (Ahlert-Turk) 2:25
24. Poinsettia (Don Arnone) 2:52
Tracks #1-12, from the album "Great Pickin'" (Chancellor CHLS 5008)
Tracks #13-24, from the album "Soft Guitars" (Time Records S/2052)
Al Caiola & Don Arnone, play guitars in all tracks.
Personnel on "Great Pickin'":
Accompanied by Phil Bodner (clarinet, flute, alto & tenor sax), Art Van Damme (accordion), Eddie Costa (piano, vibes, bells), Dick Hyman (piano), Phil Kraus (vibes, percussion), George Duvivier (bass), Bobby Rosengarden (drums). Vocal quartet (on #1,2,4,7,8 & 10).
Recorded in New York City, 1960
Personnel on "Soft Guitars":
Accompanied by Frank Carroll (bass), Gloria Agostini (harp).
Recorded in New York City, 1962
Original cover design: "Chic" Od Philadelphia (Chancellor), Murray Stein (Time)
Original recordings produced by Peter De Angelis (#1-12), and Bob Shad (#13-24)
Produced for CD release by Jordi Pujol
"Once upon a time, in a galaxy far far away, people actually played the guitar to create soft and seductive moods, and not just to show off how loudly or quickly they could thrash the strings. Here are two albums with the tasty guitarists of studio giants Al Caiola and Don Arnone depicting a style and era unfortunately long forgotten. Review:
The two artists are joined by a teram of Dick Hyman-Eddie Costa-p, Phil Kraus-vib, Phil Bodner-wwinds, George Duvivier/b , Bobby Rosengarden/dr and a vocal quartet for some hip and kitschy reads of "Caravan," "On The Alamo" and "Blue Lou." The vocals ooh and ah, which was the style of the day, and it works well. The instrumentals are subtle and sophisticated as they strings glide with Bodner's flute on "A Tree In The Park" and get a bit Borscht Belty with accordion on"Cosmopolitan."
The Soft Guitars album is more simple in support, with Frank Carroll's bass and Gloria Agostini's harp the only accompaniment. The strings glisten on "Imagination" and are cozy during "They Can't Take That Away From Me" while casual simplicity oozes on "I Can't Get Started" and "Skylark." Taste and style are in abundance here, and these guys must bathe in lanolin, as their hands sound extra soft. Lovely."
George W. Harris (October 17, 2016)
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text: Auto Loans New and Used Vehicle Loans Up to 100% financing, affordable rates, and flexible terms make Envista your best choice for financing a new or used vehicle. Come to Envista and be pre-approved for a loan, giving you that cash-in-hand negotiating advantage. Then shop around to find a car, van, truck, or sport vehicle at a price that's right for you. Apply Online Auto Research Looking for a new or used vehicle and not sure where to start? Let Envista Credit Union & CUDL AutoSMART help you find the right car and auto loan for you. With CUDL AutoSMART you can research, compare & buy your next vehicle online with a few easy clicks. Begin your auto research today.


text: Anyone heard of a USB charger for the Wiimote batteries? http://gametool.jp/?pid=4025217 (japanese) Look at the link above (japanese) it seems like batteries are include, but it does not say what kind of batteries. regular rechargable AA, or some special lithium or something else... also, the Wii has two USB port,... I wonder if we can plug the wiimotes into the Wii directly while the Wii is on sleep. that would be sweet. any opinion or other source of information on this device? thanks


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The Franchise Owner's most trusted news source
RANCHO SANTA FE, Calif. – The founder of the Taco Bell restaurant chain, Glen W. Bell, Jr., passed away Sunday evening, January 17, in his home in Rancho Santa Fe, California at the age of 86.
"The entire Taco Bell family of franchisees and employees are deeply saddened by the loss of the founder of Taco Bell. Glen Bell was a visionary and innovator in the restaurant industry, as well as a dedicated family man," said Greg Creed, president and chief concept officer of Taco Bell. "His innovative business acumen started out of humble beginnings and created one of the nation's largest restaurant chains in Taco Bell. Mr. Bell introduced an entire nation to the taco and Mexican cuisine."
A World War II veteran, Bell served in the Marine Corps and his unit participated in Battles at Guadalcanal and Guam as well as post-war service in China before heading home to California.
Bell's first venture in the restaurant business was in 1948, when he opened Bell's Drive-In, in San Bernardino, Calif. Bell founded his restaurant after he and his San Bernardino High School classmate Neal Baker, who also started his own restaurant, Baker's, had closely studied the success of McDonald's brothers burger restaurants that were also founded in San Bernardino. The car culture was booming in 1948. These restaurants had drive-ins, streamlined menus and quick service, which met a growing need of customers to eat on the go.
Bell's Drive-In first served a menu of hamburgers and hot dogs. He soon differentiated his menu by adding Mexican cuisine. He quickly realized the need to develop a convenient way to serve items such as tacos in a take-out environment. He also began experimenting with a drive-thru concept. Once he perfected his taco shell recipe, taco sauces and the convenient drive-thru concept, he was ready to introduce the tastes and textures of Mexican food to mainstream America.
Between 1954 and 1955, Bell and a fellow business partner built three drive-thru taco stands in Southern California called Taco Tias. Since Bell's partner was not in favor of expanding the Taco Tias into Los Angeles, Bell sold his interest in the taco stands. In 1958, Bell and a new group of business partners opened El Tacos in the Long Beach area. While El Tacos expanded throughout California and was extremely profitable, Bell sold his share of the business to his partners.
In 1961, Bell and an employee, John Galardi, started Der Wienerschnitzel. Galardi went on to build Der Wienerschnitzel into a chain of his own. Another employee, Ed Hackbarth, also left to open his own drive-in, a chain that would become Del Taco.
Taco Bell Founded
Taco Bell became a reality in 1962 when Glen Bell opened his first restaurant in Downey, California. He followed with eight small Taco Bell units in the Long Beach, Paramount and Los Angeles areas. From there, he expanded his restaurant chain and sold the first Taco Bell franchise in 1964. In 1978, Bell sold his 868 Taco Bell restaurants to PepsiCo. Taco Bell is now owned by Yum! Brands Inc. (NYSE: YUM - News).
About that same time he became enthralled by Valley Center, a farming community in San Diego County. There he eventually built Bell Gardens, a 115-acre model produce farm and landscaped park that he opened to the public. Bell Gardens provided educational programs that stressed the importance of agriculture and how to preserve our natural resources. He was also a fervent supporter of 4-H.


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The arrival and departure schedules of planes are often changed by inclement weather, slow turn around times, security and mechanical issues. Peak travel periods, such as during the Thanksgiving and Christmas holiday seasons, bring more passengers, which sometimes slows down check-in and boarding procedures.Continue Reading
Inclement weather, such as severe snow or electrical storms, can shut an airport down due to safety concerns. Planes must be de-iced before they can take-off, and sometimes the ground crew can't keep up with the falling snow. Visibility is also an issue. A plane can fly on auto-pilot, but the pilot must have runway visibility to take off.
Lightning strikes are a safety issue for the ground crews and the planes. The standard procedure is to pull everyone off the tarmac until the storm passes. Then, the runway must be checked for signs of damage before flights resume. A lightning strike can put a gaping hole in runway tarmac.
Since airline schedules are based on available planes being on time, if a flight takes off late from one airport, it could affect flight schedules in other areas. If Chicago is shut down for a snowstorm, and a flight heading for Los Angeles is cancelled or delayed, passengers in Los Angeles bound for Hawaii may be affected.
A slow turn around time could also affect flights at other airports. Turn around time is the allotted time on the ground to deplane passengers, clean the plane, stock food and beverages and take on new passengers. If more time is taken it creates a domino effect.
Mechanical issues can cause a plane to be delayed for repairs, or the plane can be taken out of service and passengers rebooked on other flights. Most security issues don't result in plane delays. Occasionally, a suspicious package is found and the terminal must be evacuated, or an unruly passenger causes a plane to land at a different airport, playing havoc with the airline's arrival and departure schedules.Learn more about Geography


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Cloud-based FirstStrike solutions make it easier than ever for companies to monitor for overpayments and fraud, analyze shared services center metrics and improve their efficiency and cash flow.
Nashville, Tenn. and Amsterdam, The Netherlands (PRWEB) May 14, 2012
Today APEX Analytix is introducing a new cloud-based delivery platform for FirstStrike®, the company's industry-leading family of procure-to-pay software for overpayment prevention, fraud detection and vendor management.
The announcement was made concurrently at the Institute of Financial Operations' "Fusion 2012" conference in Nashville and at the Shared Services Outsourcing Network's "European Shared Services & Outsourcing Week 2012" in Amsterdam.
To date FirstStrike has saved companies more than $2 billion in overpayments by detecting and preventing costly errors. APEX Analytix now will provide the software as a cloud-based service, supported by a highly secure infrastructure and managed services.
Companies will have an end-to-end, scalable environment that acts as an extension of their internal information technology resources, without any infrastructure investment. They also will have ready access to the latest software releases and upgrades and to comprehensive support delivered by the APEX Analytix team.
"Cloud-based FirstStrike solutions make it easier than ever for companies to monitor for overpayments and fraud, analyze shared services center metrics and improve their efficiency and cash flow," says Steve Yurko, CEO of APEX Analytix. "With APEX Analytix managing and maintaining FirstStrike and the underlying infrastructure, companies can focus instead on continuously protecting and improving their operations."
The FirstStrike modules now available over the cloud include:
- FirstStrike Accounts Payable, which prevents overpayments, improves cash flow and tracks accounts payable metrics.
- FirstStrike Purchasing, which detects pricing errors, analyzes spending and produces reports to support continuous procure-to-pay improvements.
- FirstStrike Retail, which serves the unique and highly sophisticated purchasing and recovery audit needs of the retail industry.
- FirstStrike Fraud Detect, which analyzes vendor, invoice and employee data and ranks potential fraudsters by risk score.
- FirstStrike Vendor Portal, which enables vendors to check the status of their invoices and payments online in real-time, without having to contact a company's accounts payable department.
FirstStrike uses secure, encrypted protocols to pull relevant procure-to-pay data daily from ERP platforms and legacy systems – creating a single, consolidated database for analysis and reporting. APEX Analytix stores the information in a SAS 70/SSAE 16-compliant data center with high availability, redundancy and fail-over capabilities. The data compiled can be segregated by business unit, geography or other parameters as required–from initial data capture to reporting and analytics.
About APEX Analytix
APEX Analytix helps companies maximize their profitability and safeguard disbursements globally. Our innovative people, processes and FirstStrike® technology have transformed the audit recovery industry, saving our clients billions and making APEX Analytix the world's leading provider of recovery audit, overpayment detection and risk analysis services. For more information, visit http://www.apexanalytix.com.
Keyword Tags:
APEX Analytix, accounts payable, continuous monitoring software, cloud computing, disbursements, FirstStrike, fraud, information technology, procure-to-pay, recovery audit, risk analysis, shared services.


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Baby Briefcase
Stay organized and keep track of all your baby's essential paperwork in one place with Baby Briefcase. Featuring nine plastic folders, a photo pocket, a handy pen slot and more, it's a must for any new parent!
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Lovett and Baker Colleges are sponsoring a new College course to be offered in Fall semester 1997. This course will survey important environmental issues and will be taught by an interdisciplinary team of Rice Faculty and associates. Details are provided below.
The idea for this course (and a Spring semester sequel) arose as a result of conversations among members of an environmental discussion group which meets regularly at Baker College. The proposed course is organized around a series of topical modules, each of which is multidisciplinary in nature. Over a dozen Rice faculty or alumni are committed to participate in this course (1) as regular attendees (whereby we can maintain the broadest possible perspective in discussions) and (2) as organizers of the various modules.
Please forward any questions, comments, or suggestions to either Bill Leeman (Lovett College) or Arthur Few (Baker College).
Course Components
Course structure
The course will be directed by Bill Leeman and Arthur Few who will coordinate a multi-disciplinary group of faculty (see below) to systematically explore topical environmental issues. It will be structured into one- to two-week modules with specific faculty responsible for organizing each as outlined below.
The first half of the course will emphasize identification and evaluation of major environmental problems and their underlying 'scientific' or factual bases, and the second half will emphasize the ethical, socioeconomic, and political aspects of these problems.)
Logistics & resources
We envisage a more in-depth workshop type course in the Spring semester wherein a few selected environmental issues are studied in greater detail. (e.g., a sustainable city, a sustainable world, environmental systems analysis, man & environment - an evolutionary view, 'first' vs. 'third' world perspectives on environmental issues, etc.). The sequel course will be more research-oriented and will involve interdisciplinary teams of students working to find solutions to a few selected environmental problems. In both courses we want to move away from the "sky is falling" approach to environmental issues and come to grips with "how do we get from where we are to where we want to be."
We suggest the book Environmental Science by G.T. Miller or another similar text.
Let us know if you have other good suggestions!


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An adjective clause is also called a relative clause or an adjectival clause. A clause is a group of words that have a subject and predicate. There are two kinds of clauses: independent and dependent. Independent clauses are sentences because they express a complete thought. Examples are: "The dog ran away." and "Get the door." In the second one, the subject is implied. To explain the function of an adjective clause, we will look at dependent clauses.
Dependent clauses have the subject and predicate but can not stand alone. They depend on another clause to have meaning. Examples are: "When you finish your work" and "unless I get more money." With each of these, you want to ask "What?" because the thought was not finished. Dependent clauses are also called subordinate clauses and they start with a subordinate conjunction. This is the word that links the dependent clause to the rest of the sentence.
Examples of subordinate conjunctions are: how, where, when, why, unless, although, after, as far as, as if, because, before, once, whether, while, now that, until, since, and unless.
The three types of dependent clauses are:
Adjectives clauses have a subject and a verb (or predicate). They will start with a relative pronoun, like: that, who, whom, whose, or which, or a relative adverb, like why, where, or when. Adjective clauses function as an adjective and modify nouns and pronouns. They are also called relative clauses.
Just as the other dependent clauses, the adjective clause does not express a complete thought. It does not need commas separating it from the rest of the sentence if it has essential information in it; that is if you need the information it provides. If it gives additional information, then you use commas. A good way to test for this is to leave out the clause, read the sentence, and see if the meaning of the two sentences is different.
Here are some examples of adjective clauses. The adjective clause is underlined.
Since adjective clauses act like adjectives, you may want more information about adjectives. Some adjectives express the writer's opinion of a noun or pronoun, like silly, lovely, awful, and outrageous. These are called opinion adjectives.
Some adjectives are descriptive, telling about the physical characteristics of size, shape, color, or age. Examples include: huge, wee, rectangular, oval, bluish, purple, new, and ancient.
An origin adjective tells where an object originated or where is came from. These are adjectives like: eastern, lunar, Egyptian, or German.
The composition of a noun or pronoun will be described by a material adjective. Examples are: woolen, plastic, metal, or silk.
Some adjectives tell what purpose an object is used for. These many times end with an "ing." Some examples include: baking, fishing, testing, or hunting.
Lastly, some adjectives compare and have levels of comparison. These are words like: "good, better, best", "dry, drier, driest", and "beautiful, more beautiful, and most beautiful." Other adjectives compare but only on one level, like: unique, main, impossible, final, and inevitable.
MLA Style
"Adjective Clause." YourDictionary, n.d. Web. 16 August 2018. <http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/adjectives/adjective-clause.html>.
APA Style
Adjective Clause. (n.d.). Retrieved August 16th, 2018, from http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/adjectives/adjective-clause.html


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Red Canyon Ranch
Open to the Public
Things To Do
What to See View All
Plan Your Visit
To learn about recreation opportunities contact the ranch office at (307) 332-3388 View All
Get Directions
From high in the southern Wind River Mountains, the Little Popo Agie River slices deeply through ancient limestone before spilling through slopes ablaze with wildflowers, some abundant, others extremely rare. Starting at nearly 11,000 feet above sea level, the river's plunge to the plains traverses an incredibly healthy and vigorous landscape.
This is Red Canyon Ranch. Six species of large game animals—moose, bighorn sheep, elk, mule deer, and antelope—find forage and cover here. Miles of streams and river foster robust trout populations. Large predators such as mountain lion, black bear and a variety of birds of prey attest to the vitality of this working ranch.
Red Canyon Ranch is located 13 miles south of Lander, in south central Wyoming.
Nearly 5,000 acres of deeded property with 30,000 acres of state and federal leases
Why the Conservancy Selected this Site
In Wyoming, as throughout much of the West today, unbridled development has resulted in habitat destruction and fragmentation. As land is subdivided, associated roads and human development often interrupt wildlife migration corridors, decrease habitat for rare plants and animals, and make ecosystem management ever more difficult. Ranch lands are the final barriers to this type of development in many areas. The economic viability of ranching is, therefore, essential in maintaining Wyoming's open space, native species and healthy ecosystems. Red Canyon Ranch is a vital testing ground for best conservation grazing practices.
What the Conservancy Has Done/Is Doing
Red Canyon Ranch is dedicated to enhancing biological diversity and protecting native plants and animals, while at the same time raising quality cattle. The Conservancy believes that responsible, economically viable livestock grazing can not only coexist but can enhance high quality wildlife habitat. Two young ranching families are managing livestock and grazing at Red Canyon Ranch and passing that tradition on to their children and to the larger community through education activities.
To further our understanding of grazing and fire regimes, the Conservancy is launching a 10-year study. Prior to Europeans' settlement, grasslands and shrublands were structured primarily by fire and to a lesser degree by grazing. These roles have been reversed. Domestic livestock now graze the large majority of western North America, and wildfire occurs at times, frequencies, and intensities that are outside of historical norms. The impact of this reversal is poorly understood.
Critical research into animal behavior also is taking place here. Scientists—from Utah State University's BEHAVE project—hope by studying the ranch's cattle they can better understand why animals forage in certain places and at certain times. If science can understand what triggers certain behaviors, then land managers of the future will have a valuable tool in helping ensure that cattle and landscapes thrive.
For more than 10,000 years, people have been drawn to Red Canyon for the same reason this place remains important today—the wealth and diversity of plants and animals that can be found there. The earliest people to find shelter, sustenance and solace in Red Canyon were Folsom hunters ten millennia ago. They are best remembered for courageously hunting mammoth and giant bison with spears, but what probably brought them to Red Canyon was its plant resources—the same variety and unique ecosystem that attracted the Conservancy just a decade ago.
From one camp, native people could harvest a multitude of edible and medicinal plants. By walking a short distance to higher elevations, they could gather flora in different stages of development and thus postpone the labor of actually moving camp. This availability of game and plant foods brought their nomadic descendants back to Red Canyon for untold generations.
Most people are surprised to learn a herd of 800 cattle grazes Red Canyon Ranch. The Conservancy often is the kind of neighbor ranchers fear. Highly publicized land deals put landowners on edge. And, an army of interns and hydrologists, range scientists and ecologists can look like trouble.
But, cattle play a vital role in preserving sensitive lands. Grazing cattle replace vast herds of elk, wild sheep and bison that once roamed the area. They thin out vegetation that used to be swept clean by fire and help native plants thrive.
Red Canyon Ranch is located 13 miles south of Lander, in south central Wyoming.
Directions from Lander:
- Drive south on Highway 28 approximately 10 miles (1 mile past Rawlins junction) to Red Canyon Road (at the Little Popo Agie).
- Turn right on Red Canyon Road and continue for 3 1/2 miles to the ranch headquarters.
Directions from Farson (South Pass):
- Travel on Highway 28 (toward Lander) approximately 67 miles to Red Canyon Road (at the Little Popo Agie River).
- Turn left on Red Canyon Road and continue for 3 1/2 miles to the ranch headquarters.
Directions from Rawlins:
- Travel on Highway 287 from Muddy Gap junction through Jeffrey City to a T in the road (approximately 114 miles from Rawlins).
- Turn left on Highway 28 towards Rock Springs and travel for approximately 1 mile.
- Take a right on Red Canyon Road (at the Little Popo Agie River) and continue for 3 1/2 miles to the ranch headquarters.
Have you been to this preserve? Are you thinking of visiting? See what others are saying about their experiences and add your comments below.
Add Your Comments
Time for you to join the discussion. Tell us about your experience at this preserve. What plants and animals did you see? When did you go? You can help others plan their visit when you share your thoughts. And thank you for visiting one of our nature preserves!comments powered by Disqus
Read our guidelines on posting comments


text: Wilmer H. Keesecker, 84, beloved husband of Mary, nee Lambke; loving father of Rosemarie Felcan, Catherine Hussar, Thomas and Edward (Heidi); devoted grandfather of seven; and great-grandfather of three. Funeral Wednesday 9 a.m. from The Oaks Funeral Home, 1201 E. Irving Park Rd. (at Prospect), Itasca to St. Peter the Apostle Church. Mass 9:30 a.m. Interment Queen of Heaven Cemetery. Visitation Tuesday 3 to 9 p.m. 630-250-8588 .


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Heated Poultry Waterer
In essence, it's a proven, heated 2.25 gal bucket with our own insulated lid and 3 special recessed nipples. (Nipples are a drip-catch design.)
Waterer cannot hang.
- Top-fill
- No messy trough
- Water is always clean
- Unique insulated cover
- Low electrical consumption
Common Uses
- Capacity: 2.25 gal (9 qt)
- Size: 11"H, 9" dia
- Suited for: adults
- Number of birds: 26
- Waterfowl: yes
- Can it hang: no
- 50-watt heater
- 6 ft protected electrical cord
- Coned lid to prevent birds from sitting on the waterer and soiling the water
- Bucket includes heavy-duty carry handle (not for hanging)
- Built-in thermostat turns 50-watt heating element on at 40°F and off at 60°F
How to Use
Set the waterer so the nipples are just above head height—the birds should stretch up slightly to drink.
Handle is used to carry the bucket (unplugged) to and from a hydrant for filling. Some may find the bucket handle fits too loosely underneath the lid. For a better fit, gently squeeze the top of the bucket inward while attaching the lid. The lid will snap into place over the handle.
Chickens will take to the nipple drinkers more readily when there is no other water source available. We recommend removing your current waterer and placing the new waterer in the same location. Then, bring a bird's beak directly to the nipple drinker and flick/activate the nipple to demonstrate the new water source.
Warning: Risk of electrical shock—Connect only to a branch circuit protected by a ground-fault circuit-interrupter (GFCI). Contact a qualified electrician if you cannot verify that the circuit is protected by a GFCI.
Buckets and Troughs
Round Bucket with Lid, 2 galItem #564400 -
An inexpensive all-purpose bucket for feeding or watering lambs, goat kids or chickens. They stack without sticking and are easy to clean.$6.40
Waterers and Accessories
Water ProtectorItem #540352 -
Use this all natural additive to keep your poultry and livestock waterer systems clean.$10.00
Waterers and Accessories
Nutri-Drench for Poultry, 1 qtItem #620501 -
A natural source of energy and nutrients. Produces healthier, more productive chickens, turkeys, ducks and guineas.$32.00
Write a Review
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Tim D from Iowa
The heated waterers I have used in the past were complete nuisances — a nightmare to refill, especially when the weather was bitter, and finicky about balance lest all the new water simply overflow. Though this model looked to solve both problems, I was hesitant, having seen a comment about flimsiness. I've also had it with flimsy supplies. I subsequently saw one at a recent farm show where I could actually touch and examine one and was greatly impressed. This is not my definition of "flimsy". In fact, it is tougher than the ones I've been wrestling with. It is, as promised, breathtakingly easy to refill, keeps the water from freezing, can tolerate less-than-level conditions, and to my delight the chickens instinctively knew how to use it. I couldn't be happier with it.
Ann R from New York
I LOVE these heated waterers. I've now used them at -10 degrees(sheltered inside a barn) and they work well. The "nipples" have not frozen and they are recessed in a way that my ducks and geese do not damage them. I wondered if the loose lid would be knocked off by someone, but so far not. I was very happy also with how quickly they were delivered. 5********************!!
Cheryl M from Vermont
The chickens figured it out quickly; I set them on a milk crate for the right height. It was so nice not to be running out and replacing frozen solid waterers in the below zero days. It was worth the price.
Chris K from Minnesota
Works great in our unheated chicken coop. We have seen nights down to -20 lately and water doesn't freeze. Birds took to it within a day and lasts for nearly 5 days with my 10 hens. Only wish there was a solar option as it does use electricity.
Barbara C from Alabama
I love he waterer and so do my Amberlinks. They had never seen nipples so I dipped a few beaks as with baby chicks. They got it. So much easier for me to fill than my old one


text:
Open Thread: Talk About Sex & Love — No Conversation Is or Ever Will Be Off Limits Here
Here's your place to come talk about sex and love whenever you feel like it.
1. Whose adult lady hand is that?!?
2. Handjobs are going to look soooo classy now.
3. Do I wear this thing in the shower?
4. Holy shit, this bitch cost more than my TV.
5. I'm gonna lose it, I'm gonna lose it, I'm gonna lose it, please don't let me lose it.
6. Shiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiny!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
7. Wait, is this the right hand?
8. I can't stop looking at everybody else's hands now.
9. Do I have to start saying "fiance"? What a dweeby word.
10. How DARE that guy catcall me? Can't he see I'm ENGAGED?
11. I don't feel fixed.
12. I want leftover proposal cake.
13. Everyone is looking at it. Oh my god, it's taking over the WHOLE ROOM.
14. I never cared about diamonds before, but I guess that's because I never had a giant one on my left hand.
15. Do I wear this thing to bed?
16. I hear you talking, but all I'm thinking about is my ring.
17. Wait, I'm supposed to get it insured?
18. Does this mean I'm a
normal person
? Ugh.
19. Yup, still there.
20. Who else can I show it to?
21. How inappropriate would it be if I fucked someone else right now?
22. I like being in the bathroom because its the only time I can stare at my ring as much as I want to.
23. This is so weird.
24. Am I a grown-up now?
25. Finally, I can relax.
26. Do I wear this thing to the gym? Hahhahahhaha, like I ever go to the gym.
27. I should really get back to the gym.
28. Bwaehheheeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeahhhhhhh!!!! (Roughly translated expression of overwhelming joy.)
29. Do you think anybody is jealous of me?
30. Can I get fat now or do I have to wait until after the wedding?
31. Pretty. Pretty. Pretty. Pretty.
32. I am so annoying.
33. Holy shit, now I have to get married.
s is thinking stuff in real time, on Twitter.


text:
Aug 2, 18, 08:01 PM #1
How to Start Game ThreadsTo help keep Bluegrasspreps.com a great resource for high school sports and to allow all the members to be able to find the threads of interest, we need to post all game threads in a similar format. Please use the following format as a guide. All "final threads" must be titled in the exact format listed below, however we will allow some variation on "prediction threads". All "Update threads" should have the word "Update" in the title. Likewise, all scrimmage threads should have the word "Scrimmage" in the title.
Scrimmage Games:
Henderson County 21 Hopkinsville 14 (Scrimmage)
Henderson County/Hopkinsville (Scrimmage) - and then you would have to explain the results in the thread which is the case with most scrimmages.
Pregame Prediction or Discussion Threads can follow any format but should include both teams names and be evident it is a discussion/prediction thread:
Lone Oak vs. Owensboro Predictions
Lone Oak/Owensboro Predictions
Owensboro @ Lone Oak Predictions
Update Threads:
Lewis County/Mason County Updates
Final Score Threads:
Paris 14 Berea 7
Or for games involving out of state teams
Trinity 38 Moeller (OH) 30
Covington Catholic 30 Bishop Chatard (IN) 7
We also encourage the posting of Final Scores for Freshman and JV games. Please use the following format for these games:
Nicholas County 21 Morgan County 7 (JV)
Lexington Catholic 14 Lexington Christian 7 (Frosh)
Or for games involving out of state teams
St. Xavier 35 Cathedral (IN) 28 (Frosh)
Each "Prediction Thread" will be closed prior to the start of the game. All "Update Threads" will be closed once a final score is reported, then a "Final Thread" should be started.Advertisement
Aug 17, 18, 03:44 PM #2


text:
Win a $500 Gift Card from Enchanted Diamonds!
Value: $500
Ends August 30, 2018.Official Rules
Share This Prize With Someone You Know Via:
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text:
Dexter finds out that the man who killed his mother, right in front of him, is still alive. When he tells this to Lila, she suggests he face the man, as part of his road to addiction recovery. But then as his sponsor she insists on tagging along.
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text:
National University "Odessa Academy of Law", Faculty of International Relations, International Relations Office are launching training by a new English-language Master degree program 081 "Law"- "International and European law".
This program is designed for students with a legal background who want to continue to study law at the deep level with understanding of the interaction of international and European law with national law at the same time, to gain skills to solve legal issues in the context of multijurisdictional activity.
This knowledge will help students to build a successful career in business or public sector, or become a part of the international academic community joining PhD programs in law in the US and Western Europe.
The educational program is designed and implemented as part of the Tempus IV Project 544117-TEMPUS-1-2013-1-HR-TEMPUS-JPCR "European and International Law Master Programme Development in Eastern Europe - InterEULawEast", which was implemented in collaboration with the University of Zagreb (Croatia ) and Maribor University (Slovenia).
During the educational program the students will be able to pass certified minor courses taught by foreign guest professors and practicing lawyers.


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This year's iteration takes a more comedic approach (as opposed to the emotional and earnest 'The Beauty Inside' and the original horror-based 'Inside.'). The premise is that an alien race of extraterrestrial moustaches and unibrows are attempting to take over the upper lips and eyes of people around the world. The main character is Neil, who together with his friends and the help of technology discovers his inner strength to defeat the moustache and unibrow invaders called Uricks. It's very much in the tone of Zombieland or Shaun Of The Dead. Ridiculous? Yes, but also very well written, shot and produced.
In an interesting twist, AdWeek reports that Intel & Toshiba are selling product placement within the films to additional advertisers: 'Spotify, Skype, Fossil watches and Skullcandy headphones are all paying for placements with merchandise rather than cash. The merchandise will be given to winners in weekly contests tied to the series and as giveaways when U.S. consumers buy a Toshiba laptop computer promoted by the series.'
I've never heard of such a thing being done before (at least in terms of branded content) but it's a clever way for a brand to leverage the previous success in order to offset the costs of the current campaign. Check out the trailer and episodes in the playlist below.
Posted by: Reuben Halper


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For commercial fitness equipment buyers we can supply you open request referrals from similar businesses. These referrals include schools, police stations, fire departments, apartment complexes, government agenies, community centers and more...
Testimonials are one of the best advertisements a business can have. At Rock-Solid Fitness we also allow our customers to leave reviews and testimonials, comments on all our products. Please feel free to leave a comment or review on any item in our electronic catalog.
Uncertain about a product you might be interested in? You may want to scan through some of our customer reviews and testimonials.
Reviews and testimonials: Create and read reviews on products like home gyms, leg press, workout benches, commercial fitness equipment, cardio equipment, treadmills, elliptical machines, strength training equipment, lat machines, smith machines, power racks, weight benches, multi station gyms, BodyCraft Fitness Equipment, Body Solid fitness and exercise equipment and many more computer and consumer electronics reviews and testimonials


text:
Forest Engineering
Our Forest Engineering Undergraduate Advising Guide is available by downloading thisPDF.
Our Forest Engineering/Civil Engineering Undergraduate Advising Guide is available by downloading thisPDF.
OSU Catalog Description: Forest Engineering and Forest Engineering-Civil Engineering
Program Educational Objectives
The Forest Engineering Program at Oregon State University prepares graduates to plan and implement complex forestry and natural resource operations that help meet global demands for wood products while sustaining water, habitat, and other forest resources. It provides "work ready" graduates for entry into the diverse professional field of forest engineering. Early career accomplishments include harvest unit design, forest road location and design, contract inspection and administration, cost analysis, and forest transportation system design and management. Mid-career accomplishments commonly expand to involve aspects of engineering management, including planning and budgeting, supervision, wood procurement, harvest and road design reviews, and scheduling and controlling forest operations.
These objectives are achieved through an educational program that includes the following elements:
Engineering in a Forestry Context
- a rigorous engineering education within a forestry context.
Forestry Principles
- the fundamental forestry principles so that Forest Engineering graduates will be able to develop engineered forest operations that achieve silvicultural objectives.
Soil and Water Resources
- the physical and biological aspects of soil and water resources so that Forest Engineering graduates will be able to develop engineered forest operations that appropriately protect these resources.
Surveying and Measurement
- surveying and measurement of land and forest resources so that the engineering tasks associated with Forest Land Management, specifically, the design of appropriate Forest Operations can be effectively completed.
Forest Transportation
- analysis and design principles for the physical and system aspects of the Forest Transportation infrastructure so that Forest Engineering graduates can provide designs and manage the forest transportation in a way that meets the needs of forest land management and minimizes environmental impact.
Harvesting Operations
- analysis and design principles for the physical and system aspects of Harvesting operations so that Forest Engineering graduates can plan and manage safe, economic, and environmentally sound forest operations.
Planning and Economics
- principles and techniques for forest land management and operational planning in an environmental and economic context so that Forest Engineering graduates can effectively develop successful forest operation plans.
Program Size and Graduation Data
The Forest Engineering program is small by University standards, but the result is a close relationship between faculty and students. It is a long standing tradition that Faculty and students in the Forest Engineering program are on a "first name" basis. The chart belows shows the total enrollment in the Forest Engineering program and the number of graduates by year for the last six years. Both values include students in the Forest Engineering/Civil Engineering double degree program, as well as the regular Forest Engineering program.


text: What's the best homebrew media player out there for the wii right now? I'm currently using mplayer, but I don't really like the interface too much (lol im picky) though I do like the compatibility. The DVD feature on it works ok, but theres no DVD menus and stuff... Any reccomendations?