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The Textual Transmission and Development of the Laozi in the Western Han Dynasty:In Light of the Peking University Bamboo Slip Manuscripts Laozi
|The Textual Transmission and Development of the Laozi in the Western Han Dynasty:In Light of the Peking University Bamboo Slip Manuscripts Laozi
|Publication Type
|Conference Paper
|Year of Publication
|Cui, X.
|Conference Name
|Daoist Studies Boston 2014
This paper presents a preliminary observation of the recently published Western Han period bamboo-slip Laozi, which is now in the collection of Peking University. I also make comparisons among the Peking University manuscripts Laozi (the Beida Laozi), Mawangdui silk-manuscript copies A and B of the Laozi (the Mawangdui Laozi), the Daode Zhenjing Zhigui道德真經指歸, and the received Laozi. In order to shed some light on the textual transmission and the development of the Laozi in the Western Han period, I mainly focus on the following issues: the textual formation, including the titles, chapter divisions and sequences of the Laozi in the Western Han Dynasty; the relationship of the Beida Laozi to the Mawangdui Laozi, Daode Zhenjing Zhigui and the received Laozi; the analysis of graphic variations and some particular concepts.
|Full Text
The Textual Transmission and Development of the Laozi in the Western Han Dynasty:In Light of the Peking University Bamboo Slip Manuscripts Laozi
Cui Xiaojiao 崔曉姣
Peking University/ Dartmouth College
This paper presents a preliminary observation of the recently published Western Han period bamboo-slip Laozi, which is now in the collection of Peking University. I also make comparisons among the Peking University manuscripts Laozi (the Beida Laozi), Mawangdui silk-manuscript copies A and B of the Laozi (the Mawangdui Laozi), the Daode Zhenjing Zhigui道德真經指歸, and the received Laozi. In order to shed some light on the textual transmission and the development of the Laozi in the Western Han period, I mainly focus on the following issues: the textual formation, including the titles, chapter divisions and sequences of the Laozi in the Western Han Dynasty; the relationship of the Beida Laozi to the Mawangdui Laozi, Daode Zhenjing Zhigui and the received Laozi; the analysis of graphic variations and some particular concepts.
Keywords: The Peking University bamboo slips manuscripts Laozi(the Beida Laozi); The Mawangdui Laozi; The Daode Zhenjing Zhigui; The Received Laozi; The textual transmission and the development of the Laozi in the Western Han Dynasty
In early 2009, Peking University acquired a collection of about 3346 bamboo slips. Comparing the scripts with those of Zhangjiashan Tomb Number 247, of Dingzhou Bajiaolang定州八角廊 Tomb, and of Mawangdui silk manuscripts, the editorial team conjectures that the bamboo slips may be dated between the late Emperor Wu (156-87 BC) period and the Emperor Xuan (91-49 BC) period of the Western Han.
The Peking University bamboo-slip manuscripts in total encompass approximately twenty different texts, which include the Laozi. It is estimated that the bamboo-slip Laozi text might be written in the early period of Emperor Wu, which is a little bit earlier than other texts. In contrast with the Guodian Laozi and the Mawangdui Laozi, the Beida Laozi is more intact, with legible and neat script, which greatly facilitates our study on the redaction and transmission of the Laozi text.
Briefly speaking, the Beida Laozi is comprised of Shangjing上經 and Xiajing下經 and has seventy seven chapters. The Shangjing of the Beida Laozi is the counterpart of the Dejing德經, while the Xiajing corresponds to the Daojing道經. The words"老子上經" were written on the back of slip 1829, which is the second slip of the Shangjing. Similarly, the back of the first slip (slip 2592) of the Xiajing has the words "老子下經". Apart from some differences in characters and the divisions of some chapters, the majority of the contents of the Beida Laozi are similar to those of the Mawangdui Laozi and of the received Laozi.
As known, most extant Laozi editions were transcribed after the Wei魏 and Jin晉 dynasties. According to the Hanshu Yiwenzhi 漢書藝文志, there were the Linshi Laozijingzhuan鄰氏老子經傳, the Fushi Laozijingshuo傅氏老子經說, the Xushi Laozijingshuo徐氏老子經說, and the Liuxiang Shuolaozi劉向說老子 in the Han Dynasty. Unfortunately, none of them survive. However, due to its inclusion in the Daozang道藏, the Dejing section of the Daode Zhenjing Zhigui道德真經指歸, which is attributed to Yan Zun嚴遵(86-10BC), survives. Besides, the Mawangdui silk-manuscript copies A and B are also dated from the Western Han period. The Copy A, which observes no Han taboos, is considered to be written before the death of the first Han Emperor in 195 BC. The Copy B is considered to be written in the early second century BC. Therefore, I will take the Daode Zhenjing Zhigui, the Mangwangdui Copies A and B, and the recently published Beida Laozi as the foundation sources for studying the transmission and development of the Laozi texts in the Western Han period.
In the following part, I will present a preliminary observation of the Beida Laozi and compare the different versions of the Laozi that have been mentioned above from several accounts. By doing so, I hope to illustrate its textual transmission and development in the Western Han period.
The titles of the Laozi in the Western Han Dynasty
As mentioned above, the Beida Laozi is divided into Laozi Shangjing老子上經 and Laozi Xiajing老子下經. The titles "Laozi Shangjing" and "Laozi Xiajing" were written in the back of Slip 1829 and Slip 2592 respectively, the writing style of which is similar to that of the manuscripts. Thus, it is reasonable to conjecture that the titles were written by the transcriber(s). If we look closer at the titles, there are three things to note. First, the Laozi had already been entitled "Jing" during the period of Emperor Wu, the same period that the Beida Laozi is considered to have been written. Second, by the time of the production of the Beida Laozi, the "Laozi" text had already been referred to as "Laozi" in certain editions. Third, the two sections of the Beida Laozi were entitled Shangjing上經 and Xiajing下經 rather than Dejing德經 and Daojing道經. Consequently several questions can be raised by the titles of the Beida Laoz. For example: What does it mean for the Laozi to be entitled "Jing"? How does it differ from the five classic doctorates五經博士 established by Emperor Wu? When did the "Laozi" text begin to be entitled Laozi? What is the relationship between the person of Laozi, reputed author of the Laozi, and the work named Laozi? What is the relation between the two versions, "Shangjing"/"Xiajing" and "Dejing"/"Daojing"? In the following, I will try to answer some of them.
a. When did the "Laozi" text begin to be entitled Laozi
On the basis of the different shapes of the slips and the distance between the binding marks, the Guodian compliers divide the Guodian Laozi into three groups, none of which has a title. As for the Mawangdui manuscripts, no title can be found in the Copy A, while the two sections of the Laozi are labeled "De" and "Dao" in the Copy B, which might indicate the titles for the book. In the Beida Laozi, as mentioned above, the titles "Laozi Shangjing" and "Laozi Xiajing" are written in the back of the slip 1829 and the slip 2592 respectively. Moreover, the Huainanzi淮南子, cites the Laozi text by name at least a dozen times, in passages nearly identical with the received Laozi text. In the Huainanzi, the citations of the Laozi text are always introduced with a formulaic expression as "therefore Laozi says"(故老子曰). According to the date of the Huainanzi and that of the Beida Laozi, it is clear that the "Laozi" text was referred to as the "Laozi" during the early Han period.
Could it be even earlier when the "Laozi" text began to be entitled "Laozi"? The following materials will help us to answer the question. In Chapter 17 of the Xunzi荀子, "A Discussion of Heaven"(天論), the Shenzi慎子, the Laozi, the Mozi墨子, and the Songzi宋子 are criticized by Xunzi respectively. It seems very easy to assume that the "Laozi" text has already been referred to as "laozi" as early as the period of Xunzi. However, the conclusion can not be simply drawn here. As we know, in ancient China, the works are usually named after the persons to whom they are attributed. Hence, some confusion might be caused. What does Xunzi mean by "Shenzi", "Laozi", "Mozi", and "Songzi", the works or the persons? Comparing to another passage that also gives criticism to Mozi, Shenzi, and Songzi, it seems reasonable to say that, in the Chapter 17, those mentioned above may probably represent the works. Specifically, in the Chapter 6, "Contra Twelve Philosophers "(非十二子), Xunzi directly refers to the persons as Mo Di墨翟, Shen Dao慎到, and Song Xing宋鈃. According to the title of the Chapter 6, Xunzi wants to criticize those philosophers, not their books, and thus he specifies their names in order to distinguish them from the book titles.
Additionally, in the Han Feizi韓非子, there are two sections known as "Explicating Lao" (解老) and "Illustrating Lao" (喻老), which give exegetic notes to numerous lines from the Laozi. In the Explicating Lao, several instances explicitly refer to a book in the expression "this is what the book calls"(書之所謂). According to the title, "Explicating Lao", the book mentioned by it should be the Laozi without a doubt. Another example can be found in Chapter 38, "Nansan"難三, where there is a saying attributed to the Laozi explicitly, expressed as "Laozi Yue"老子曰. Thus, we can conclude that the "Laozi" text has already been known as the "Laozi" during the Warring States period.
However, there is something that needs to be clarified. As the Mawangdui Laozi and the Guodian Laozi have been excavated, scholars have begun to realize that the Laozi has variant versions with distinctive contents as well as with different chapter divisions and sequences. Comparing the citations preserved in the "Explicating Lao" and "Illustrating Lao" to their counterparts in the received Laozi, it is obvious that though the citations correspond to a big portion of the received Laozi parallels, the chapter sequences are, as in the Guodian Laozi, totally different from those of the received Laozi. Moreover, what would have appeared in Chapter 64 of the received Laozi appears in different places in the Guodian Laozi A and C, and similarly apart in two places in the "Illustrating Lao". Thus, it does not necessarily indicate, as many scholars have assumed, that the "Explicating Lao" and "Illustrating Lao" are selecting specific passages from a complete Laozi text that approximate the received Laozi text. Rather, it may demonstrate that the Laozi quoted by the Han Feizi is indeed a different edition, which represents a textual form of the Laozi during the process of its transmission. That is to say, though the "Laozi" text has already been entitled "Laozi" during the period of Han Fei, the version might be in a fluid state and different from the received Laozi.
b. What is the relation between the two versions, the "Shangjing"/"Xiajing" and the "Dejing"/"Daojing"
In the Mawangdui Laozi, the two sections of the Laozi are referred to as De and Dao, while the Beida Laozi labels them as Laozi Shangjing and Laozi Xiajing. As for the Daode Zhenjing Zhigui, in the preface, which is known as Junping Shuo Erjingmu君平說二經目, Yan Zun specifically mentions Shangjing and Xiajing. Besides, according to the Hunyuan Shengji混元圣紀, the Laozi text redacted by Liu Xiang劉向 encompasses Shangjing and Xiajing. The aforementioned materials suggest that either there are two versions of the Laozi in the Western Han period, the Shangjing/Xiajing and the Dejing/Daojing. Questions thus arise: what is the relation between the two versions? Do they represent two distinctive lineages, just as some scholars assumed ?
In Sima Qian's biography of Laozi, Laozi is said to have written a book with two sections, Shang/Xia pian(上下篇), which illustrates the meaning of Dao and De with approximately five thousand characters(言道德之意五千余言). Obviously, the Shang/Xia Pian is different from the Shangjing/Xiajing, and can be understood as a "section". Shang/Xia Pian means no more than that the Laozi text encompasses two sections. However, Sima Qian puts it explicitly that the central themes of the Shang/Xia Pian are Dao and De. It is not surprising for a work to be named based upon its central theme. Therefore, it is reasonable to conjecture that the characters "Shang" and "Xia" were firstly served as the signs of sectional divisions, rather than the titles of the two sections. The Shangjing and the Xiajing, needless to say, were entitled after the Laozi text had been referred to as "Jing". The Shangjing and the Xiajing, thus, could be considered as either the titles or the signs of section divisions. Regarding when the Laozi began to be divided into Shangjing and Xiajing, the surviving evidence is insufficient to arrive at a definitive conclusion. However, dividing into the two sections may suggest that to some extent the Laozi text had already been standardized at that time. The Guodian Laozi, the "Explicating Lao" and the "Illustrating Lao" do not have indications of section divisions, and the contents of the chapters are not totally fixed, which indicates that the Laozi text was still in a state of fluidity. All these factors lead to the conjecture that the division of Shang Pian and Xia Pian would not have been earlier than the late Warring States period, and the Shangjing and the Xiajing were entitled during the early Western Han period when the Laozi was entitled Jing.
The titles "De" and "Dao", similarly, are unlikely to appear in the Pre-Qin period. Investigating the Pre-Qin materials related to the Laozi text, we find no reference to a text entitled "Dao" or "De". There is one possibility that the titles "Dao" and "De" might be given after the standardization of the Laozi text. At that stage, the two sections are fixed and each of them has a central theme that is relatively easy to be abstracted. If this is the case, we may also assume that the Laozi was called Dao De after it had been named Shang Xia.
As for the relationship between the two versions, the "Shangjing"/"Xiajing" and the "Dejing"/"Daojing", they do not necessarily represent two distinctive textual lineages. Both the Beida Laozi and the Daode Zhenjing Zhigui encompass Shangjing and Xiajing, however, they have some dramatic differences between each other, which I will present in the following parts. In contrast, though the titles of the Beida Laozi differ from those of the Mawangdui Laozi, there are many similarities between the two versions. That is to say, the textual lineage can not be easily distinguished from the titles of the two sections. Other factors must be taken into account as well.
Additionally, just as I have previously mentioned, the "Shang" and "Xia" could be the signs for section divisions. In some works, the Shang/Xia and Dao/De are combined into one title. For instance, in the Daozang Taixuanbu道藏太玄部, there are works named Laozi Daziben Daojing Shang老子大字本道經上, Laozi Daziben Dejing Xia老子大字本德經下, Laojun Daojing Shang Xiangerxun老君道經上想爾訓, Laojun Dejing Xia Xiangerxun老君德經下想爾訓, etc.. Judging from the date of the production of these works, it is very likely that such combined titles have appeared during the period from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui-Tang Dynasty.
Also, judging from the Junping Shuo Erjingmu君平說二經目, there is a possibility that the "Dao/De" version and the "De/Dao" version coexist in Yan Zun's period. The Junping Shuo Erjingmu says "Shangjing moves lower, Xiajing turns higher, they run back and forth, henceforth they are unified." 上經覆來,下經反往,反復相遇,淪為一形. In other words, the sequences of the Shangjing and the Xiajing are interchangeable. This may indicate that the "Dao/De" version and the "De/Dao" version have existed concurrently up to Yan Zun's period. However, without further evidence, this is another conjecture.
The chapter divisions and sequences of the Laozi in the Western Han Dynasty
Wang Zhongjiang, "Beida Cang Hanjian Laozi De Mouxie Tezheng", Zhexue Yanjiu, 2013-05.
See Hanwei韓巍, "Xihan Zhushu Laozi De Wenben Tezheng He Xueshu Jiazhi西漢竹書《老子》的文本特征和學術價值", Beijing Daxue Cang Xihan Zhushu北京大學藏西漢竹書, (Shanghai: Shanghai Guji, 2012), 209.
Harold Roth thinks that Xunzi may encounter the Laozi at Chi-hsia稷下 by about 275 B.C. See Harold Roth, Original Tao, (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999), 198.
In his article "Beida Cang Hanjian Laozi De Mouxie Tezheng"北大藏漢簡老子的某些特征, Wang Zhongjiang王中江 also illustrates the point by some evidences in the Historical Records. See Wang Zhongjiang, "Beida Cang Hanjian Laozi De Mouxie Tezheng", Zhexue Yanjiu哲學研究, 2013-05.
See Sarah Queen, "Han Feizi and the Old Master: A Comparative Analysis and Translation of Han Feizi Chapter 20, 'Jie Lao', and Chapter 21, 'Yu Lao'", in Paul R. Goldin, ed., Dao Companion to the Philosophy of Han Fei. (New York: Springer, 2012), 197-256. In this article, she discussed the problem in details.
See Xie Shouhao謝守灝, Hunyuan Shengji混元圣紀, Zhengtong Daozang 正統道藏, vol.17. (Taipei: Yiwen Yinshuguan, 1977), 814.
See Han Wei, "Beijing Daxue Cang Xihan Zhushu Laozi De Wenxianxue Jiazhi",北京大學藏西漢竹書老子的文獻學價值, Zhongguo Zhexueshi中國哲學史, 2010-04. In his article, Han Wei conjecture that the "Shangjing/Xiajing" and the "Dejing/Daojing" might be two distinctive textual lineages that both circulated ever since the late Warring States period.
Li Ling李零 asserts that the Guodian Laozi A might be an early draft version, which was subsequently developed into the Laozi in two sections. See Li Ling, Guodian Chujian Jiaoduji郭店楚簡校讀記, (Beijing: Renmin University Press, 2007), 4.
Han Wei, the editor of the Beida Laozi, conjectures that both the "De/Dao" version and the "Shang/Xia" version may have been existent since the late Warring States period, but he doesn't give any convincing evidence. See Han Wei, "Beijing Daxue Cang Xihan Zhushu Laozi De Wenxianxue Jiazhi",北京大學藏西漢竹書老子的文獻學價值. Zhongguo Zhexueshi中國哲學史, 2010-04.
See Wang Ka王卡, ed,. Laozi Daodejing Heshanggong Zhangju老子道德經河上公章句, (Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1993), 6.
There are altogether seven differences. In his article "Beijing Daxue Cang Xihan Zhushu Laozi De Wenxianxue Jiazhi",北京大學藏西漢竹書老子的文獻學價值, Han Wei makes a detailed summary of the differences.
For instance, the black dots occur at the start of line 1 in chapter 46, at the start of line 1 in chapter 51, 53, 57, 63, 64, 80, 69, 73, 75, 76, and 1. But the functions of other black dots are unclear.
In his book "Guodian Chumu Zhujian Sixiang Yanjiu"郭店楚墓竹簡思想研究, Ding Sixin丁四新takes an opposite position and suggests that the Laozi texts have a direct inheritable relationship during the Western Han period. The Mawangdui Laozi texts turn into the four versions which are recorded in Hanshu Yiwenzhi, and the received Laozi is transmitted from the four versions. See Ding Sixin, Guodian Chumu Zhujian Sixiang Yanjiu, (Beijing: Dongfang Press, 2000), 40-51.
In the "Laozi Gujin"老子古今, Liu Xiaogan劉笑敢 defines such phenomenon as "textual assimilation", see Liu Xiaogan, Laozi Gujin, (Beijing: Zhongguoshehuikexue Press, 2006), 10-12.
See Sarah Allan, Crispin Williams, ed., The Guodian Laozi: Proceedings of the International Conference, Dartmouth College, 1998, (SSEC and IEAS, 2000), 135-6. Also, in her article "Cong Chujian Fajue Kan Zhongguo Wenxian De QIyuan He Zaoqi Fazhan"從楚簡發掘看中國文獻的起源和早期發展, she summaries the development of the Laozi text into five stages. Firstly, some chapters circulated independently by oral. Secondly, he chapters were written on the bamboo slips individually or multiply. Thirdly, several chapters are organized and transcribed on the slips that tied together into Juan卷 and Ce冊 later. The Guodian Laozi forms in this stage. Fourth, the Dao and De are still two separate sections; hence, there are no sequences between them. Finally, in the Han Dynasty, the Daodejing is fixed. See Sarah Allan, "Cong Chujian Fajue Kan Zhongguo Wenxian De QIyuan He Zaoqi Fazhan", in Chen Zhi陳致, ed. Jianbo Jingdian Gushi簡帛·經典·古史, (Shanghai: Shanghaiguji, 2013), 62-64.
See Qiu Xigui裘錫圭, Zhongguo Chutu Guwenxianxue Shijiang中國出土古文獻學十講", (Shanghai: the Fudan University Press, 2008), 204.
See Han Wei, "Xihan Zhushu Laozi Jianbei Huanhen De Chubu Fenxi"西漢竹書<老子>簡背劃痕的初步分析, Beijing Daxue Cang Xihan Zhushu, 227-28.
See Sun Peiyang孫沛陽, "Jiance Beihuaxian Chutan"簡冊背劃線初探, Chutuwenxian Yu Guwenzi Yanjiu 4, 出土文獻與古文字研究第四輯,(Shanghai: Shanghaiguji, 2011), 449-62.
See Sarah Allan, "Cong Chujian Fajue Kan Zhongguo Wenxian De QIyuan He Zaoqi Fazhan", in Chen Zhi陳致, ed. Jianbo Jingdian Gushi簡帛·經典·古史, (Shanghai: Shanghaiguji, 2013), 62-64.
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Attacking Net Neutrality Once Again
Last week, Verizon, the telephone giant, went to court to accuse the Federal Communications Commission of "overstepping its authority" and reverse the authority's over-step. It's a legal wrangle that, bottled and distributed, would be a safe substitute for sleeping pills.
Lurking behind the nearly unintelligible and ridiculously referential courtroom arguments, however, is a clear picture of the difference between the corporate vision of the Internet's future and the way the rest of us want it. At this point, corporations are pouring resources into imposing their vision of the Internet and, if they do, there won't be an Internet as we know it.
This is the debate around net neutrality, one of those terms everyone's heard but most of us don't really completely understand.
In a nutshell, the battle is over the use of "broadband", the faster Internet service that is the norm in many places in this country and soon will be nationwide. With broadband you can access just about anything that anyone can post on the Internet in close to real-time and its potential for ever-increasing speed makes it the track on which the train of technological innovation travels. Enter the corporations.
Major telecommunications companies (like Verizon and Comcast) say they should be able to charge you more money for being able to access certain kinds of content through their broadband connections and are pushing for the right to "scale" their systems with different prices for different levels of access. It's sort of like cable television: you rent the cable hook-up (and pay for it monthly) and the company gives you access to certain channels. If you want to watch the latest movies or sports or other "interest specific" channels, you pay an additional monthly fee for a "package" that includes those channels.
The Internet currently operates differently. You pay for your hook-up and access anything you want. True enough, some websites charge you for content but it's the website that's doing that. You may not be able to access the content of a website but you can get to it. That is "net neutrality"; it means everyone has the same level of access on the Internet. It's "neutral".
That, in fact, is the very purpose of the Internet and so Internet activists have always been fierce in defending it. Part of the problem is that, technologically, if a company has the power to block certain content (like movies), it has the power to block any content (like your website) and that's a power Internet activists don't want us to give up.
That resistance makes sense. But in the legalese-weighted world of regulation, simple logic doesn't always prevail. So the argument on "net neutrality" has become mired in a battle over a series of regulations and decisions that confuse more than clarify.

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Aug 19, 2013
Teslapunk is space shoot-em-up with a futuristic look and easy-to-understand gameplay.
It comes in two gameplay flavors: arcade and survival. In survival, it's literally a matter of staying alive as long as possible. Columns of obstacles block progress, and it takes a lot of darting in and out to stay as alive as long as possible. Arcade is aimed at maximizing multiplier potential.
The Survival mode gives a great demo of the gameplay, and like the arcade format, appears in top-bottom 2D form, with the protagonist spaceship flying from top to bottom of the screen to the top. It perpetually fires ammunition, and can be maneuvered by tapping and holding (dragging) the virtual image. Flying in the opposite direction towards this craft are several obstacles of varying lethality. The very first danger is the continual wall of enemy craft flying in formation. These crafts usually filled the screen flying 5-deep, so the only means of egress is to shoot a path through them, as colliding with them ends the run. These spacecrafts also vary in defensive capabilities, so some are easier to destroy than others; this consideration is especially important in the earlier parts of the game, when powerful weapons may not be yet available to make a path through particularly strong enemy ships before colliding with them and being destroyed.
Additionally, there is a particular projectile that s particularly deadly; it announces its imminent presence with shooting white beam. At this point, the best recourse is to get out of the way, which, because of the columned waves, is much easier said than done. There are also some evil "boss" ships, and these generally can't be destroyed on the first run. They also spit out volleys of weaponry that spread and take some major deftness of finger to avoid. Destroyed ships yield gold coins, and there are several in-game power-ups.
The in-app store is quite affordable using accumulated coins; attributes can be improved. real cash can be spent as wellI liked the networking tie-in as well.
The art is fun to look at, effective at conveying the action and pleasantly simple in design. The animations were smooth and worked well on most of the devices I tested it on. It'a an addictive time waster, and the two modes are cherries on the top.


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Thoughts on Happiness, Courage, and Rights
Between Passover, attending NCJW's Washington Institute, the mayoral elections in LA, Obama in Israel, ongoing fundraising and advocating for women's and refugee rights, organizing advocacy training sessions, and the DOMA and Prop. 8 hearings in the US Supreme Court, I'm completely overwhelmed. I also turned 30 a few weeks ago, which added to the overthinking process. It kind of felt like a big deal even though logically I know it's not. I came to a realization that I'm actually happy. It seems silly, but I feel like we're always searching for "true happiness" and we rarely stop to consider if we're happy in the moment. So I considered it, and I discovered I'm happy with where I am, where I'm going, and who I am. But happiness is different than contentment. I've also discovered that I will probably never be content because to be content is to accept everything as it is.
Last week, when lobbying my representatives and senators in DC with NCJW, I felt very positive about the democratic process. I was excited to be heard and to have the opportunity to tell officials who represent me that I want changes like gun violence prevention legislation, comprehensive immigration reform, and real reproductive rights for all women in the United States.
Yesterday, I watched my college student little brother post a photo on Facebook of himself kissing three male friends of his. He wrote that he posted the photo in solidarity with his gay friends during the DOMA and Proposition 8 Supreme Court decisions this week, ignoring the older generations in our community who worried that this public display might negatively affect his career or might make people think he's gay. "Who cares?" he said. "I don't care what people think of my sexuality or how shocking the photo is: that's the point. We've created norms in mainstream America that won't change until we provoke those who blindly follow them without even realizing it."
I watched the positive responses to his public provocation by his peers and felt reassured that we are going through some truly remarkable and real changes in our society. I also felt lucky to be living in a place where we can speak and write about most topics without much worry (although that is not to say that there is no censorship in the US at all). I can only hope that the Court makes the right decision and ensures that equality and freedom from discrimination are guaranteed to all those living in this country.
But as Passover began and I read through the two Haggadot we used on different nights of the Seder and some of the supplements I received from various Jewish organizations this year, I could not help but think of those who do not have the basic rights and freedoms I have. One of the issues I most relate to is how we treat strangers, and I'm sure this was handed through the stories of my great grand-parents leaving Eastern Europe, my grand-parents leaving Iraq, and even my mom leaving Israel. Jews say over and over again that "we were once strangers in a strange land" and that it is our duty to treat strangers with respect and compassion. The Torah mentions 36 times how important it is to welcome the stranger.
So I encourage you, during this week, to consider those who are fleeing genocide, torture, and human trafficking at the exact moment that you read this. I encourage you to read about what is happening in Sinai today. Hundreds, if not thousands, of women, men, and children have been tortured and trafficked through Sinai. Some end up in Israel. Some never make it. Some chose to take the journey to Israel to find freedom and peace from the human rights abuses they face in their home countries of Sudan and Eritrea, others were kidnapped and forced to Sinai. Most of the women are raped on the way and most of the men are tortured, and the organized criminals do not care if they are old, young, men, or women. An eight year old girl was finally let go last week after the international Eritrean community raised $41,000 for her ransom. This was after she watched the murders of several others by the traffickers. I know this is depressing, but it is our duty to know and to act.
Here is what you can do to make a difference. Take a few minutes to sign this petition:


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Chevrolet offers deep discounts on 2012 models
Chevrolet has dropped the prices on many new 2012 vehicles by thousands of dollars as part of a no-haggle marketing campaign.
The promotion, Total Confidence Pricing, is similar to the popular employee pricing discounts offered in the past. Grab one of these deals, and you could save more than 10% on a 2012 model.
One example is the 2012 Chevrolet Malibu.
The sticker price on this car starts at $22,870, including destination charges.
But with Total Confidence Pricing, which includes cash incentives, a dealer in California is offering the car for $20,530. That's a savings of $2,340, with no haggling necessary.
All new 2012 Chevrolet models are eligible for Total Confidence Pricing, and it is available across the country.
At an MSRP of $22,870, if you assume a 10% down payment with no trade-in, it would leave a balance of $20,583.
Finance that amount at 4.5% for 60 months (roughly the national average for auto loans), and your car payment would be $384 a month.
But use the discounted price of $20,530 and finance at 4.5% for 60 months with 10% down, and your payment drops to $344 per month.
Use our auto loan calculator to help you budget your monthly payment.
The same California area dealer is offering a 2012 Chevrolet Traverse with a discounted price of $28,381, which includes a $1,500 cash allowance. The standard MSRP, including destination charges is $30,335, so that's a savings of almost $2,000.
Chevrolet also is promoting the Love It or Return It guarantee. If you buy a 2012 or 2013 car or truck and decide that you're not happy, you can bring it back to the dealer within 30 to 60 days.
If the vehicle was driven fewer than 4,000 miles and has no damage, it can be returned for a refund of the purchase price and sales tax.
But beware -- if you return the car, you don't get back title, licensing, registration and other fees. Check with your dealer for details on all incentive programs.
The lower prices are being offered across the nation to buyers who take delivery from dealer stock by Sept. 4, 2012.
You don't necessarily have to use Chevrolet financing to take advantage of this offer. The average auto loan rate from lenders nationwide is 4.46% APR for 60 months, according to our latest survey.
Search our database of the best auto loan rates from several other lenders in your area to see if you can get that rate, or better.
You could score a good deal even if you decide to purchase a car other than a Chevrolet.
Follow Interest.com on Twitter and Facebook.


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Jessica Simpson Worried "Billion Dollar Business" Is In "Decline" Over Slow Jewelry Sales?
Jessica Simpson is worried her "billion dollar business" is in "decline," according to a tabloid report. Gossip Cop investigated the story, and can now reveal what we uncovered.
Simpson's retail empire runs the gamut from clothing to shoes, but this article from OK! is all about her jewelry line supposedly "tank[ing]." Because the collection allegedly "didn't sell well over the holidays," the singer-actress is said to be doubting her entire business. That extreme reaction doesn't make much sense, but logic typically isn't the gossip magazine's strong suit.
Noting the "creative effort" Simpson put into designing the baubles, a so-called "insider" claims to the outlet she's "devastated that people aren't buying them." What's more is the publication's purported tipster asserts she's now "panicking that she's lost her sense of style." Again, that isn't exactly a rational response.
It's also odd that the tabloid is running this story pegged to holidays sales figures, yet it's months after the Christmas season, and the article doesn't include any numbers to support its claims. Could that be because Simpson's jewelry line is actually doing just fine? And that, given bling is just one part of the business, Simpson's brand is actually still quite successful?
Of course, that wouldn't have made for a juicy story, so OK! painted a dire pictured about "slow jewelry sales" and Simpson "taking it hard." But "it's actually quite the contrary," a source close to the business exclusively tells Gossip Cop. "It isn't tanking at all! It's doing great." A rep for Simpson adds that this gossip item is "so weird" since its claims are the opposite of what's really going on.
But that's right in line with the tabloid's track record. The magazine falsely alleged twice last year, months apart, that Simpson was pregnant with her third baby. Much like this new story, those imaginative tales didn't match reality either.


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Definition of unique
- his unique concern was his own comfort
- I can't walk away with a unique copy. Suppose I lost it?
- —Kingsley Amis
- the unique factorization of a number into prime factors
- this is not a condition unique to California
- —Ronald Reagan
- a very unique ball-point pen
- we were fairly unique, the sixty of us, in that there wasn't one good mixer in the bunch
- —J. D. Salinger


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Peking Duck Pizza
If you like it, save it!
Save and organize all of the stuff you love in one place.Got it!
If you like something…
Click the heart, it's called favoriting. Favorite the stuff you like.Got it!
Author Notes: The Peking Duck pizza was my favorite pizza at CPK; it featured strips of duck meat and shiitake mushrooms topped with hoisin sauce, mozzarella cheese, scallions, and fried wonton strips. Since it's not longer available, I decided to try to recreate it at home. —Joy Huang | The Cooking of Joy
Serves: 2
balls of pizza dough (enough for two 10" pizzas)
tablespoon duck fat
cup cooked duck meat, shredded
shiitake mushrooms, sliced
scallions, thinly sliced
Hoisin sauce
small handfuls of shredded mozzarella cheese
handful of fried wonton strips
- Place a pizza stone on an oven rack set at the top 1/3 of the oven. Preheat the oven to 550°F or as high as it will go.
- Stretch each ball of dough onto a parchment paper-lined peel or cutting board. Spoon half the duck fat into the center of each pizza and use the back of a spoon to spread it out to the edges. Top with the duck meat, shiitake mushrooms, and scallions. Drizzle hoisin sauce on top and top with the mozzarella.
- Slide one of the pizzas and parchment paper onto the pizza stone and bake for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, turn the oven to broil and broil for 1-2 minutes. Bake until thecrust is golden with spots of brown and a few small spots of char. Use tongs to slide the pizza with the parchment paper from the pizza stone onto a cutting board. Top each pizza with half the wonton strips. Slice and serve!
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Mash-Up Recipe
More Great Recipes:


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Munson Hospice Glimmers of Hope: Coping with Grief Through the Holidays
- This event has passed.
Holidays and special occasions tend to highlight our sense of loss, making these days seem even more difficult. Please join the Munson Hospice Bereavement team at one of our community presentations this holiday season to learn ways to cope with loss and find our way. These presentations are free and open to the public. No RSVP required.


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Support Alert
Jun 22, 2018
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PO Box 308, Angaston
Phone: +61 8 8564 1110
Irvine Wines was established in the peaceful Eden Valley in 1980 by highly talented winemaker James Irvine and his wife Marjorie.
James and Marjorie made a conscious decision to focus on the huge task of niche marketing rarer varieties such as Merlot, Zinfandel, Pinot Gris and Meslier (an ancient variety from the Champagne region of France).
Together we have created interest and enthusiasm among knowledgeable wine enthusiasts who understand the need to be different and excellent.
We continually update our knowledge of world wines in our field, of every price, from any country, in our continued attention to detail which is part of our strength.
We have our customers' desires well ahead of our own, having now won "World's Best Merlot" on three occasions and being placed in the top ten several times, we believe we have clearly shown our understanding and our ability to make truly excellent and memorable wines.
At 400 metres above sea level on older well drained soils our vines consistently produce fruit that gives us the ability to create wines of elegance, power, intense varietal expression and longevity.
Now recognized globally as Australia's Master Merlot Makers, we promote Eden Valley as a brilliant region for growing super premium Merlot.
When drinking Merlot at its best, a unique sense of pleasure can be found in the rich luxurious aromas and magnificent flavours of the wine, giving an experience that can last a lifetime.
James says "By nature, every winery strives to make classic wines. By nature, this opportunity does not come often. By man, then the need to recognize the ultimate when it occurs is critical if the opportunity is to be seized."
Joanne Irvine, gifted daughter of James and Marjorie is now responsible for most of our winemaking, having been previously awarded red winemaker of the year, Joanne consistently wins awards for our regionally expressive boutique wines.
We invite you to enjoy our unique wines at Taste Eden Valley, 6 Washington Street Angaston, Barossa Valley South Australia.


text:
If you enjoy fitness and decide that you would like to make a career out of this, then you should try looking at FLM training. They offer a selection of different personal trainer courses, exercise courses and packages. The packages are made up of different courses, starting out of with the basics and adding as you go along depending on what qualifications you're hoping to receive. Before completing these courses you may want to make sure you have certain skills and qualities such as being enthusiastic, organised and dedicated to your job, you will also want to be determined so you can help to motivate others.
Before you go onto doing the personal trainer course you may want to start out with the gym instructor course, this allows you to receive a Level 2 qualification in fitness instructing. The gym instructor course is intended for those who are new to the industry and would like to develop and pursue a career in the health and fitness industry. Throughout this course you would learn how to teach safe exercise sessions with an a gym environment whilst gaining an understanding of the principles of training, plus the body's response to training. It is a rewarding career which provides you with a sense of satisfaction. You will be taught how to communicate with clients effectively and how to motivate clients them, the skills and knowledge required to plan and prepare a gym-based exercise programme, and how to programme safe and effective exercise for a range of clients. This course is made up of home study, a four day theory and practical course, and then a day theory and practical assessment. This course is available in Manchester, Cardiff, Blackpool, Wilmslow and Keighley, this course costs £600.
The personal training course provides you a Level 3 qualification in personal training. This course is a fantastic opportunity for those who are already qualified as a Level 2 instructor. This course helps you to recognise and develop the skills, knowledge and competence required to work as an unsupervised personal trainer. After this you will be able to offer one to one training, fitness assessment, nutritional advice and progressive programming specific to each client's needs. This course enables successful candidates to be able to work with a large variety of clients, from your typical gym induction to professional athletes. This is a very rewarding profession, you will get to be elf employed, have flexible hours and the satisfaction of knowing you have helped other people to achieve their goals.


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Hyde Park-Kenwood
From Conservapedia
This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Ed Poor (Talk | contribs) at 10:08, 5 January 2009. It may differ significantly from current revision.
Hyde Park and Kenwood are two closely-linked neighborhoods on the Southside of Chicago, Illinois. Hyde Park is home to the Museum of Science and Industry, the Robie House, and the University of Chicago. Kenwood is home to the city's first public library and first synagogue.
Famous residents of the Hyde Park-Kenwood neighborhoods include Louis Farrakhan, William Ayers and Barack Obama.


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Get ready…here come 2013 model updates! BMW USA is beginning to reveal new colors, discontinued colors, new options and packages, and brand new models to the current lineup! Here's an outline of what we know so far.
2013 Scooters
Also new to the lineup this year, is the F700GS which is replacing the infamous F650GS. The F650GS and F800GS came onto the scene back in 2007 in an effort to extend the GS family and were both responded to with tons of enthusiasm. The 650 is being replaced with the 700 and the 800 has new and improved updates. BMW stepped up for 2013 and took something already great and made it even better!
This bike is geared to the entry level, medium category rider. It is perfect for everyday use, and has more than sufficient power for off road adventures, all while still offering outstanding economy.
Features include:
Updates to this model were made to continue the GS success story. You will find what is offered in the 700, in the 800 with some slight variations. Below outlines the major differentiating technical features between the two models:
For complete details on all of the new 2013 features and available options, contact Carter or Charlie directly. As with all upcoming models, Bob's takes pre-orders for anyone who wants to be one of the first on the road!
2013 New Color Options
2013 BMW R1200R will be available in Montego Blue, Magnesium Beige Metallic. Red Apple Metallic and Smoke Gray will no longer be available.
2013 BMW S100RR will be available in Granite Grey Metallic. Bluefire will no longer be available.
2013 BMW K1300S will be available in Sapphire Black Metallic/Dark Graphite Metallic. Magma Red/Sapphire Black Metallic will no longer be available.
2013 BMW K1300R will be available in Racing Red/Sapphire Black Metallic and Sapphire Black Metallic/Black Satin gloss. Ostra Grey Metallic, Light Grey Metallic and Black Satin Gloss/Granite Grey Metallic Matt will no longer be available.
2013 BMW K1600GT will be available in Dark Graphite Metallic and Montego Blue. Vermillion Red Metallic no longer available.
2013 BMW K1600GTL will be available in Dark Graphite Metallic and Damask Red Metallic. Royal Blue will no longer be available.


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HALLYU HALLOWEEN CONTEST: Send us your best K-drama or K-pop costume pics!
It's time for another epic DramaFever K-drama and K-pop Halloween costume contest! Last year we had some amazing entries, and we can't wait to see your creations this year. The best costumes will win a special DramaFever trick-or-treat goody bag filled with amazing prizes, so be sure to give it your best shot. Here's how to enter!
We already gave you some ideas for K-drama-themed Halloween costumes, and now it's time to make those ideas a reality!
In order to enter this contest, all you need is a costume inspired by K-drama or K-pop. It can be a favorite character, actor, singer, group, scene from a series or music video — anything goes! (Duplicate entries from last year will be disqualified)
Once you have your costume, there are several ways to enter:
1. Snap a picture and email it to email@example.com. Please include "costume contest" in the email subject line and also include your name and what your costume is in the body of the email. Side-by-side pictures of you next to a photo of your inspiration are encouraged.
2. Snap a picture and post it to Instagram with the hashtags #HallyuHalloween and #DramaFever. Make sure to include who your character is.
All submissions are due at 5:00 p.m. EST on Monday, November 2.
After we review the submissions, we will select three lucky grand prize winners and 5 honorable mentions to receive a DramaFever trick-or-treat bag of goodies, including a signed f(X) album or Unfortunate Boyfriend OST, a DramaFever shirt, stickers, chapstick, and more!
Winners will be announced on DramaFever news and contacted via email or direct message on Instagram on Tuesday, November 3.
For spooky costume inspiration, also check out our DramaFever Halloween Horrors drama collection!


text:
Trump Sued For Age Discrimination
A rejected Apprentice hopeful has filed a lawsuit against the Trump Organization for allegedly discriminating against candidates over 40.
The suit, filed Thursday in the US District Court of Massachusetts, accuses Trump of a pattern of age discrimination during the six seasons of the NBC reality series.
The plaintiff, R. Joseph Hewett—a property manager from New Hampshire—claims he...
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text:
Saturday, November 29, 2008
Mumbai Nov 2008 Terror Attacks
Go to a mall, restaurant, railway station or board a train, you never know the next moment you might be blown up in several pieces or reduced to ashes. We just hope we are lucky enough not to meet that fate. Each time a massacre happens we thank God, that someone else but not myself was killed.
After every attack, the media talks about the audacity of the terrorists, how a few of them can kill so many. Frankly speaking, it doesn't take much to cause a widespread massacre. Blowing up a mall or hotel or train full of hundreds of people doesn't require much resources neither does it take much effort to spray bullets on unarmed people on the streets.
The persons responsible claim to be waging a "holy" war to eliminate the "unholy", to protect their faith. So deep is their "respect" for their religion, that human life seems too insignificant for them. Islamic jihadis will try to establish their supremacy, Hindu extremists will try to establish "Hindutva", some other religion will try to establish their domination and curb down the power of others.
The simple reason: Each one holds their religion and religious ideas supreme.
The consequence: Ordinary men, who are least interested in any of the extremists' dreams of world domination has to pay with their lives.
The only net thing that religious fanaticism has taught us, since the history of mankind is intolerance and hatred. No matter how much any particular religion bluffs about harmony and unity, deep down it builds up a sense of self supremacy over other religions and the moment one starts valuing religious ideals over humanity, it leads to one and only one consequence - disrespect of humanity and loss of innocent lives. "Terrorists" are like the rest of us, only difference - they have been brought up to hold their so called "religious ideals" over and above everything, even above human lives both of their own as well as that of others.
Given the current state of affairs there is very little reason to be optimistic. All each one of us can do is hope, that the next bullet or bomb does not hit any of us.
7 comments:
- cosmos delight said...
These events are extreme version of religious and region specific fanaticism. But you cannot always blame religion all the time. Religion is not something you should follow keeping your eye closes. Hinduism is the religion which has always sublimed all the religions. Religion is something which give you inner belief and strength at time of distress. It is inner spiritualism. Due to few people they have manifested religion in something wrong which we all suppose. At this bleak time we should not stand against religion but unite all irrespective of any religion against terrorism, which can not be stopped by vandalism, criticism, communal ism and Marxism or any self ism but by opening your mind working with each other for a better tomorrow.
- Saturday, November 29, 2008 at 11:08:00 PM GMT+5:30
- ritesh said...
I agree with Priyadarshi on many fronts. You can't blame religion for this inhuman act of a handful of idiots. If that were true, we will be having millions of people with AK-47s in their hands roaming around the city. True, they are blindfolded by some religious thoughts (which is again not something that any religion preaches). True, the world would have been a better place had there been no religion or a single religion. What i feel, religion is something that is a moral and spiritual blueprint for living life.
Do u really think, the masterminds of terrorism are driven solely by religion? I dont think so. They are just using religion as catalyst for their own good to provoke young people.
The issue has definitely engendered controversies!
- Saturday, November 29, 2008 at 11:33:00 PM GMT+5:30
- ritesh said...
Let me give you an example from science to illustrate my point.
Suppose there are two theories proposed by two different scientists for the same system. And there are many followers of both theories. Now, if both groups try to impose their superiority on the other by using violence, there is no fault of the two theories...
I don't know if it makes sense, but this is an example of what i am trying to say.
- Saturday, November 29, 2008 at 11:40:00 PM GMT+5:30
- ...Abhiket+thoughts... said...
I don't believe in any religion,my only religion is my work.....Its too hard to point fingers at the Islamic community because they too have contributed a great deal towards the development of this country,people like A.P.J Abdul Kalam,the man who has lead India in the field of Space Science,AR Rehman,the musical legend and so many of our actors in the Indian film industry are Islamic,and have contributed a great deal to this country's welfare and development.
Its the politics which is ruing and dividing this country,first it was hindu and muslims, now it is bihari and marathi or south indian -north indian......these all really sucks,don't they? What would Raj thakcery say about mumbai attack?? How many of his coworkers have the audacity to fight the terrorist?? It was a bihari NSG officer who has sacrificed his life for the people he had never seen. Was he thinking that I should save a bihari first and not the marathis?? No,he thought was that India has been attacked and it should be saved.Aren't we Indian first??
My point is that people in India are still not well educated or have a good lifestyle. This give the jihadi leaders the chance to toy with their minds and make them do such insane and inhuman acts. In the issue of India Today(related to Delhi bomb blast) one terrorist had said" I would even blow the market even when my mother might be shopping....." look at the intensity and the height of insanity......
In which religion it is said that you kill people and you would go to heaven and that God would be pleased with you?? If that is the case then why not the leaders them self do that and go to heaven themselves??
These people are capricious and have the least mental strength.Moreover what about the parents of these terrorist ,don't they even care what is their child doing,and if they know then why don't they stop them at the very early stage and show them the right path??
Keeping all these apart, what we need now is not to blame each other but to reunite and fight against terrorism keeping in mind that"Terrorism has no religion"
What India needs is a young uncorruptable,dynamic, vigilant and intelligent leaders who can think about the country rather than thinking about himself first.....we need another Gandhi or Bhagat Singh or Bose....who can lead from the front........
Jai Hind
- Sunday, November 30, 2008 at 12:04:00 AM GMT+5:30
- Sambit said...
Both of you missed the point entirely.
An "average man on the street", doesn't really give a damn whether another "average man on the street" is a Hindu or a Muslim or a Christian or a Jew or whatever else. The implicit assumption is that the average man knows harming another fellow human being is wrong irrespective of any religion. The question of unity or disharmony therefore becomes irrelevant here. One doesn't need to go around with a banner proclaiming that I am a "xyz" but since I love all other religions, I will not harm someone else who is an "abc". One knows what is wrong and what is right and religion is not a necessity to realise this fact. Religion in it's misinterpreted and violent form (even if followed by only a few fanatics) is bringing destruction to the rest of us.
Despite the majority of the people following the benevolent and philanthropic form of religion, all it takes is a few fanatics to wreck havoc on the life of others. These fanatics don't heed to any reason. Even if the we overtly express our religious unity it is not going to prevent a handful of dumb-heads, who have been brainwashed into believing false and misleading ideals be it political or religious and then disrupting the lives of the united rest of us.
- Sunday, November 30, 2008 at 12:21:00 AM GMT+5:30
- cosmos delight said...
yes target is always common man except this time where they picked high profile ones. But they donot show they are killing but we always find that they had id cards showing that they follow certain place or community which is misinterpreted in the way that he was xyz and he was here to kill anti xyz.
- Sunday, November 30, 2008 at 12:31:00 AM GMT+5:30
- sayan said...
super post. u captured the incident perfectly. Religious fanatics don't care about humanity. The only thing that matters to them is power. Some group attacks- another replies and we are caught in the middle of this gang war. In all this fight these fanatics forget that all religions preach about humanity. Hope some of these fanatics read this post.
- Tuesday, December 2, 2008 at 9:16:00 AM GMT+5:30


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(KMOV.com) -- Authorities in southwest Missouri have canceled the Amber Alert for 6-month-old Mitchell Farris after finding the baby safe in Miami, Florida.
Police said both suspects, Preston Farris and Anastasia McDaniel, Mitchell's biological parents, are in custody as of Sunday night.
Anderson, Missouri, Police issued the Amber Alert on Friday evening after reporting Mitchell was abducted from an apartment on January 2. Police said Mitchell was taken by Farris, 34, and McDaniel, 30.
Authorities said the family waited to report the abduction which lead to the eight day delay in issuing the Amber Alert.
According to police, the state of Missouri had custody of Mitchell who was staying with his grandfather when he was taken.
Stay with News 4 and KMOV.com for further information.


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*Heads up: this article has some information that's only relevant to U.S. businesses. *
Using a small business bank account helps keep your personal and business finances separate, and will make your life much easier come tax time.
LLCs, partnerships, and corporations are legally required to have a separate bank account for business purposes. Sole proprietors don't legally need a separate business bank account, but it is something we strongly recommend.
In this guide, we'll show you how to set up a small business bank account.
If you're currently using your personal bank account for business purposes, don't stress -- we've also included some advice on how to resolve commingled expenses at the end of the article.
Choosing the right account
Before you begin searching for the right bank, get clear on the type of accounts your business requires. Let's take a look at the most common account types you'll have to choose from, and how your business might use them.
Business checking account
This is the general account for your business, often used to receive income and pay expenses. As businesses tend to make a higher number of transactions and deposits than the average individual, business checking accounts differ greatly from personalized checking accounts. They have different fee structures, limits on the number of free monthly transactions, cash deposit limits, and traditionally lower interest rates when compared to personalized checking accounts.
Business savings account
It's a great idea to save a percentage of each payment your business receives. Stockpile this money in a business savings account and use it to cover any emergency expenses and self-employed tax withholding.
Business credit card
Paying off a business credit card in full each month can help you build good business credit. Credit cards can also be used as an additional line of credit, and some also allow you to accrue points for perks such as frequent flyer miles and cash rewards. It's a good idea to get a business credit card with the same bank as your business checking account, because payments made within the same bank process faster than those made from one banking institution to another.
Choosing the right bank
Once you understand the type of business bank accounts you'll need, it's time to choose a bank. NerdWallet's Business Checking Account Search Tool lists and compares over 200 low-fee business checking accounts in the US. It's a great place to start your search.
Here are some additional criteria to consider in your search for the perfect bank.
An easy way to quickly narrow down your search is to consider the bank's physical location. Local banks often have cheaper fee structures and are known for placing a greater emphasis on customer service, which could be a good option if your business operates locally.
If you operate an online-only business and you don't require in-person support from bank tellers, a branchless internet bank that offers 24-hour phone and online service could be a better option.
Alternatively, if your business operates across multiple regions or internationally, you'll likely need to find a bigger, full-service banking institution that can meet your business's needs.
Fees and fine print
Account fee structures will differ depending on which bank and which account you choose. Total monthly fees your business will incur will also vary depending on how much your business uses the account.
For example, while a business checking account might claim to be 'free' because it doesn't charge an account service fee, your transactions during the month may incur charges for overdrafts, excess cash deposits, excess transactions, and other activity. In this example, the more your business exceeds its transaction and cash deposit limits during the month, the more it will pay in account fees.
Before finalizing which bank and business accounts are right for your business, pay close attention to the fee structure of each account and make sure you can comfortably afford the monthly fees you estimate your business will accrue.
How to Automate Your Accounting Admin
Hate financial admin? This guide will show you how to automate invoicing, payroll, recordkeeping, bookkeeping, and more.
How to separate commingled personal and business finances
We've already mentioned that as a sole proprietor you can legally accept business payments into your personal bank account.
But do we recommend it? Never.
As well as having to painstakingly separate your business expenses from your personal bank account come tax time, if a personal bank account is used for business purposes then, legally speaking, you can be held personally liable if your business is ever on the hook for a sum of money.
Having commingled expenses can result in you "piercing the corporate veil"—which means that creditors, including the IRS, can pursue your personal assets to collect any outstanding debts.
If your business and personal bank accounts are currently commingled, read our guide to keeping your personal and business finances separate and take action to separate your finances as soon as you can.


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Is HTC Working On A Streaming Music Service?
Edge/Endeavor, Ville, Supreme and Quattro are just a couple of device names rumored to see the light of day at the upcoming Mobile World Congress in Barcelona. It looks like it will not be only about devices as recent rumors are talking about HTC and its alleged streaming music service.
A streaming service, which will be offered as a default music client on upcoming HTC phones and tablets, is what HTC is believed to prepare for the show. The Taiwanese phone and tablet maker recently got in a partnership with Beats Audio to bring higher-quality headphones to HTC smartphone customers.
Jimmy Iovine, Chairman of Interscope-Geffen-A&M and co-founder of Beats Audio, is said to have an important role in HTC's future plans for the streaming music service. There are already a couple of offerings for Android and Windows Phones, like Spotify and Zune, which can bring music to the masses. If the rumors turn out to be true, it will be interesting to see HTC's take on music streaming.
Source: GigaOm
Discuss This Post


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Hannah is a 35 year old multi award winning professional portrait photographer based in St.Albans, Hertfordshire and Farringdon, central London. Hannah is not just any High Street Photographer!
Hannah is a member of the British Institute of Professional Photography and entered the record books for being one of the youngest members to qualify within the history of the institute at the tender age of 19! Keeping up that record, in 2011 Hannah became the youngest member to obtain her Associateship with the BIPP aged 28.
Having gained experience within the photographic industry (and not just in the UK) Hannah felt it was time to bring her style to the high street by opening her first portrait studio in Cuffley at the age of just 22. In October 2009 she decided to open a second studio in St. Albans. Due to the overwhelming success of the St.Albans studio and to cope with demand, Hannah has now closed the Cuffley studio and works exclusively in St.Albans.
She is known for her friendly personality, her professional nature and has worked with many high profile clients and organisations thanks to recommendations based on her reputation. Her entrepreneurial nature always ensures all her clients will be offered the latest products and technology, receive the best service and she will constantly strive to lead her field.
Hannah has a passion for people, portraits and perfection topped off with great customer service.
Come and see how we have built the reputation we have and we hope that you will come as strangers and leave as friends!
Hannah won Young Business Person of the year in 2010 and 2012
She also took home the award for Overall county winner for the Best Small Business in Hertfordshire 2010 and was runner up for Best St.Albans Business in 2012.


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WCC business students honored at state conference
By News-Argus Staff
Published in News on June 13, 2007 1:45 PM
Members of the Wayne Community College student business association earned more than a dozen honors at the recent state leadership conference.
The Gamma Chi chapter of Phi Beta Lambda competed against 27 other college and university chapters from across North Carolina.
The chapter placed third in Largest Local Chapter Membership and was awarded a Terry Lowrance Leadership Award for the second consecutive year. The Lowrance award recognizes outstanding local chapters that have actively participated in state and national conferences, projects, programs, and publicity and membership activities throughout the year: It was named for an advisor who served the state organization for 24 years.
Results of individual competitions included Josh Berens, first place in networking concepts; Chris Thomas, third place in computer concepts; Leanna Greene, third place in word processing; and Dustin Gurley, fifth place in telecommunications.
Miss Greene, along with Dana Hine, Genesis Juckett and Christina Fanto received certificates for participation in the State Leadership Development Program.
Team awards went to Berens and Hine, first place in E-Business for the Goldsboro Gaming
Expo Website www.g2expo.com; Gurley and Fanto, first place in Digital Video Production for their work on a four-minute video highlighting the work of the March of Dimes; Thomas, Berens and Greene, third place in Partnership with Business for the chapter's work on the Goldsboro Gaming Expo; and Fanto and Juckett, third place in Business Ethics.
The first and second place winners of individual and team events are eligible to compete at the National Leadership Conference in Chicago this summer.
Other Local News
- Care in the sky: Members of the aeromedical evacuation crew fight to get injured troops back to their families


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(Click on photo to enlarge.)This is a photo of my dear, departed, neighbor, Cooper. Every morning, this handsome fellow, used to look into my back porch, through the door window, until I would notice him. We had a ritual of a hug and a dog treat. I believe he enjoyed them both, equally. Miss you old friend.
Category Archives: My Photo Adventures
Photos that I've taken…of precious things and moments.
Making a Keepsake Photo Montage
There's a really great website called OneTrueMedia.com . After a little practice, and trial and error, you can make lovely montages of photos for free. The membership cost, for extras, is very reasonable too. The link (above) will take you to one that I created of my littlest granddaughter's first year. Hope you enjoy it.
Here's, another one, that I had made about my other granddaughter several years ago.


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Peanut Butter Coconut Chicken
If you like it, save it!
Save and organize all of the stuff you love in one place.Got it!
If you like something…
Click the heart, it's called favoriting. Favorite the stuff you like.Got it!
Author Notes: Three ingredients recipe where the chicken is slowly cooked in a rich coconut milk & peanut butter sauce. You can serve over your choice of rice. Delicious! —Joana
Serves: 4
tablespoons olive oil
garlic clove with skin, crushed
chicken legs, skinless
1 small can (5,6 oz/ 160 ml) coconut creamy milk
tablespoons peanut butter
- Heat the olive oil with the garlic clove in a large pot over medium–high heat. Remove the garlic clove.
- Toss in the chicken and cook for 2–3 minutes, or until golden brown, turning often to ensure even color.
- Cover the chicken with water and let it cook over medium-low heat for approx. 40 minutes, stirring occasionally.
- In a separate bowl whisk the coconut milk and peanut butter until well blended.
- Add the preparation to the chicken and cook for about 20 minutes.
- Give everything a good stir and salt to taste.
- Remove from the heat and serve with your favourite rice. I suggest jasmine.
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Family Recipe, Part 2
More Great Recipes:
Chicken|Stew|5 Ingredients or Fewer|Gluten-Free|Slow Cook


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NSWG Member Vipin Narang Quoted in: Fearing U.S. Withdrawal, Europe Considers Its Own Nuclear Deterrent
Published by The New York Times
Max Fisher
BERLIN — An idea, once unthinkable, is gaining attention in European policy circles: a European Union nuclear weapons program.
Under such a plan, France's arsenal would be repurposed to protect the rest of Europe and would be put under a common European command, funding plan, defense doctrine, or some combination of the three. It would be enacted only if the Continent could no longer count on American protection.
Though no new countries would join the nuclear club under this scheme, it would amount to an unprecedented escalation in Europe's collective military power and a drastic break with American leadership.
Analysts say that the talk, even if it never translates into action, demonstrates the growing sense in Europe that drastic steps may be necessary to protect the postwar order in the era of a Trump presidency, a resurgent Russia and the possibility of an alignment between the two.


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The IDF is testing out an Israeli-designed "Green Rock" radar system that can spot the source of mortar fire and allow potential victims to run for cover before they weapons hit their targets.
Israel lost four soldiers on Monday when a Hamas mortar shell slammed into a building near the Gaza border, claiming four more lives and injuring six others.
The Elta subsidiary of Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) has been working on the system for several years and sped up their deployment for the IDF since the beginning of the Protective Edge war against Hamas.
The operation Color Red early-warning system for Kassam rockets does not track mortar shells, which have a low trajectory. The Green Rock system's identifying the source of fire not only gives people time to run for cover but also allowed soldiers to return fire and intercept the shell.
The system is mobile and can be used on four-wheel vehicles and armored personnel carriers (APC).
Another system under development to thwart mortar shell attacks is Rafael Advanced Defense System's Iron Beam, which features a laser ray.
Globes reported that the IDF is using new drones that have provided valuable intelligence to the military during the war.


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The American Chiropractic Association (ACA), in recent comments submitted to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Office of Pain Policy on the draft National Pain Strategy, strongly urges the agency to include recommendations encouraging patients and health care providers to first exhaust conservative forms of pain management, when appropriate. "Doctors of chiropractic practice a hands-on, drug-free approach to health care that has been shown to alleviate … [Read more...]
I have not been very good at drinking enough water on a daily basis. I have challanged myself since the theme this month is Water and I have started bringing a 1/2 gal water pitcher to work with me everyday. I have tried making flavored water and It has helped alot. I've been doing lemon water this week, and next week Im going to do Apple/Cinnamon. My goal is to work my way up to half my body weight in ounces daily. -Megan Sallis … [Read more...]
Since Jr high school I have been drinking half my body weight in water due to sports. It has helped me feel better and allowed me to stay active in sports even now after high school and college. I can tell a difference if I do not drink plenty of water during the day, I feel slugish and bloated. Drinking as much water as I do helps my PCOS as well. Since I have got married I have been able to get my husband to drink more water and less mountian dew. For him that is hugh and he has lost 20 pounds … [Read more...]
Water energizes muscles! Cells in the body require a balance of fluids and electrolytes to keep the cells from shriveling. If the cells of the body do not have a healthy balance of fluids and shrivel, then your muscles will feel fatigued. So, do you drink plenty of water before and during your workouts to keep your muscles feeling strong? The American College of Sports Medicine gives great advice on how much water to drink before and during workouts. They suggest that individuals drink around 17 … [Read more...]
Next week be sure and get scheduled for Monday through Wednesday as 3/12-13 Thursday and Friday we'll be closed for moving to 2100 Meadowlake, next to Sonshine Academy & Shipley donuts, corner of Meadowlake & Donaghey. We will Re-Open in Brand New Remodeled space at 2100 Meadowlake with a welcoming party on 3/16-come in for tours. Our BIG Grand Opening & Ribbon Cutting will be 6/24 , SAVE the DATE!! … [Read more...]
Don't forget when you're in the clinic to Check In on Facebook at www.facebook.com/hurleychiropractic to register for a sleep package to be given away randomly to one of our check-ins on Tues. 3/31 at 5 pm. … [Read more...]
Are you sleeping on a good mattress? Is it old? Does it sag? Are you waking up hurting in the morning? A supportive mattress can contribute to a fully-functioning spine in combination with chiropractic care. Check out Intellibed for a great mattress option. Use the code DRCHRISTINEHURLEY for a 10% discount off any purchase. www.intellibed.com … [Read more...]
"I have noticed an improvement in sleep for the last 10 years when I started working at my first chiropractic clinic and began sleeping on a cervical pillow for the first time in my life. I could tell a profound difference especially since I have scoliosis and a very straight neck (loss of cervical curve-very common!) and haven't used anything but a cervical support style pillow. I am hooked to the point my pillow always travels with me and can compensate for a strange, not the best mattress at … [Read more...]
Tonight is our LAST health care class at our current location at 813 Oak St Ste. 12. Come & join us for FREE Food from Patticakes/Stoby's and WIN an hour massage gift certificate. Dr. Bledsoe will be speaking for 20-30 minutes on health and wellness plus you'll know all the latest on what's coming in the new building with addition of the nurse practitioner and name change to Hurley Health. ALSO get points for our Hurley Games, 25 points per patient and 25 points per guest. 50 points total gets … [Read more...]
Dr. Wood's Story
I was not fortunate enough to grow up around chiropractic or to even know anyone who went to a chiropractor. I had a vague understanding that getting adjusted helped make sure your body worked better and you could therefore do more based on everything being smooth and in alignment. I had no idea of techniques, philosophy, therapies, or what all was involved until years later when I was in my first semester of Grad School at Parker Chiropractic. I was a senior at Arkansas State University … [Read more...]


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... 275, 293; how to treat compression stean in analyzing indicator diagrams, 149; method of metering, 151; temperature of saturated 94 Steam pipes, a method of .... William H 36 Bun-age, A. C 150 Burrell, Prof. ... Clement F. A 52, 354 Ford, James T 134 Foust. ... Charles R 30 Swain, George F 150 Swan, Robert 134, 182 Tompkins, Charles Henry 118 Torrance, Kenneth 166 Triest, W. Gustav 404 Tuska, anbsp;...
|Engineering Record, Building Record and Sanitary Engineer
|- 1893
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About Us
Welcome to Gallagher - we look forward to working with you
Gallagher is one of Australia's – and the world's – largest insurance broking and risk management companies. In Australia we are the chosen partner to more than 125,000 businesses, from micro-SMEs through to multinational corporations and some of the world's most iconic brands.
More widely, as a global insurance, risk management and benefits consulting brokerage, Gallagher operates in more than 30 countries with an alliance of network partners in 150 countries. We make a difference by challenging conventional thinking and delivering unswerving commitment to claims advocacy and service excellence.
Gallagher is committed to ethical business practice and has been recognised as one of the 'World's Most Ethical Companies' by the international Ethisphere Institute for seven consecutive years from 2012‒2018. We're the only insurance broker in the world to have earned this accolade.
Why partner with Gallagher?
Insurance is an essential part of business. Having a team of specialist advisers by your side to guide you through and there to support you in the event of a claim carries a high value. At a time when disruption and innovation are shaping the future for Australian business owners, an insurance broker can mean the difference between peace of mind or resorting to guesswork.
With 25+ regional and metropolitan branches across Australia, we understand local business communities because we're part of them ourselves. We offer insurance solutions and specialist advice for:
- Small to medium sized businesses
- Middle market insurance programs
- Large corporate and multinational organisations
Our global capacity enables us to leverage relationships with leading national and international insurance partners to create insurance programs that achieve claims outcomes beyond the scope of many smaller brokers.
Call us today on 1800 240 432 and speak with one of our friendly specialist insurance team. We would be delighted to assist.
Selling your insurance business?
Gallagher has acquired 9 significant insurance brokerages since 2014 - including the $1bn merger with OAMPS. We are always seeking to merge with like-minded, quality general insurance and personal insurance broking businesses to join us on our journey.
Find out more about our approach, or arrange a completely confidential discussion here.
More about Gallagher
- Small business insurance - our capability[ Adobe PDF / File Size 2.00 MB ]
- Corporate insurance - our capability[ Adobe PDF / File Size 1.94 MB ]
We are here to help at Arthur J. Gallagher Australia. Please fill out the form below with your enquiry and we will get in contact with you as soon as possible.
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When I came upon the photos in Michael's website, I was impressed by how expressive the photos were. There was a "naturalness" that I was drawn to and I asked Michael to try to capture that in a portrait of my 18 year old daughter and 9 year old son. The results of our session were beautiful.
Sherene Sng
Michael's photographs of us at our Black & White house were stunning. He managed to capture our family home life beautifully and we especially loved the candid shots of our 3 year old daughter. We've had so many lovely comments about the photos from our friends and family back home too. One day we may leave Singapore but at least now we have a gorgeous album of photos to remind us of our time here.
Christine Van Heerden
Michael was great with our two young children, managing to get some beautiful, natural smiles from both of them. During the viewing session he was very patient as we chose our package...the photos were all so good we decided to go for a luxury album containing all of them, which Michael delivered to us a few weeks later.
Melanie Seet
The first time we asked Michael to photograph us, Mia was only a few months old. Two years later and with an extra addition to our family we contacted him again for another session. Again we are very happy with the results. Not only did he manage to capture some great family shots but also managed to photograph Mia and Yoel together; no mean feat with 2 young children.
Maggie Fang
We wanted some classical family portraits done in traditional clothes for our 25th wedding anniversary and were impressed with Michael's portfolio. During our pre-session meeting with him he also suggested we try more candid family shots at the end of the session. We ended up with a good variety of wonderful photos from which to choose from.


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"…our main hypothesis is that the brain makes decisions through a procedure that is similar to quantum measurements. This does not require the brain to be a quantum object, but merely takes into account the dual nature of the decision process, involving both conscious logical evaluations as well as subconscious intuitive feelings" From the paper… [Read More]
Are Brain Cells Like Salmon?
A cool post at Neurophilosophy on the adult brain cells: The journey undertaken by newly generated neurons in the adult brain is like the cellular equivalent of the arduous upstream migration of salmon returning to the rivers in which they were hatched. Soon after they are born in the subventricular zone near the back of… [Read More]
Brain Anatomy Drawings
by Sir Charles Bell.
Cyber-Monkey: Brain Muscle interface for a Paralysed Primate
at Neurophilosophy: Researchers from the University of Washington have demonstrated that paralysed monkeys can move using a simple neuroprosthesis consisting of an external electrical circuit which connects individual neurons in the motor cortex to muscles in the arm.
The Emotional Brain
Humans are an emotional creature. But, don't take my word for it: Emotions can be overpowering, but they are also the driving force of life. It was long thought that emotion and thought were separate processes. Brain science has begun to realise that the brain is not an organ of thought, but that it is… [Read More]
10 Tips for a Better Brain
Paul Mason over at Neuroanthropology has 10 tips for a better functioning brain. I'm doing pretty well on most of them except #8: Organization!
Mosaic Evolution and the Human Brain
An interesting post by Afarensis on Mosaic Evolution. A journal article about mosaic evolution and the human brain here.
Depressed? Try Some New Brain Cells
It may sound like science fiction, but the idea of growing new brain cells to treat depression just may work. Antidepressants appear to stimulate the birth of new neurons indirectly, via a number of different mechanisms. Their neurogenic properties were discovered by chance only very recently, long after they came into use. With this in… [Read More]
Shakespeare Makes You Smarter: Proof
Philip Davis studies Shakespeare's language and its effects on the Brain: [We found that] while the Shakespearian functional shift was semantically integrated with ease, it triggered a syntactic re-evaluation process likely to raise attention and extra emergent consciousness, and giving more power and sheer life to the sentence as a whole. In this way Shakespeare… [Read More]


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Dr Lipp
The name on everyone's lips; Dr.Lipp has taken this 100% natural multipurpose balm from soothing nipple cream to beauty artist's secret weapon. Flirtatious yet medically proven, Dr.Lipp creates glowy cheeks, glossy eyelids and is fabulous on lips for an extra long-lasting natural shine…
Love the pure and versatile Dr Lipp product:
A true handbag essential, Dr.Lipp is based on a centuries-old remedy. The natural Lanolin formula is so pure and gentle even newborn babies can use it!
Originally used by midwives to relieve dry and sensitive nipples, the tasteless and odourless formula is 100% organic and hypoallergenic. Super soothing and moisturising, nursing mothers soon discovered it worked on other dry skin areas – elbows, knees and even split-ends.
The economical and effective formula works wonders for soothing and priming chapped lips - leaving them soft and moisturised and giving all the benefits of a lipgloss plus the healing properties of a balm.
Little wonder that Dr.Lipp has now become a cult favourite among celebrity makeup artists who use it not only to create fabulous lips but also adding gloss to the eyelids, highlighting cheek bones and neatening eyebrows.
Versatile and economical, Dr Lipp can also be used to heal eczema, repair damaged cuticles, and alleviate minor burns and scratches. It also works as an effective, enriching eye-cream. The travel-friendly tube makes it the perfect holiday multi-tasker – or just keep one in your bag for beauty fixes on the go.
Love the steadfast Dr Lipp philosophy:
Dr.Lipp is made from the Rolls Royce of Lanolin – one of nature's most effective and natural skin moisturisers. The formula works to replenish skin and seal in moisture, protect against environmental damage and repair skin's natural barrier:
• 100% organic and hypoallergenic
• Ingredients approved by Ecocert
• Created without Parabens
• Tasteless and odourless
• Verified by dermatologists and scientists
• Made from medical grade lanolin which reduces skin roughness by up to 40% in an hour
• Handy, travel-sized tube
Love the discerning Dr Lipp people:
Dr.Lipp was created by luxury designer Pontine Paus who first heard about this ancient remedy in her home town in Norway where many people suffer from dry skin patches due to the long, dark and cold winters. Pontine and her friend, who was head of marketing for Stella McCartney at the time, launched Dr.Lipp in 2004. Since then the British brand has become a beauty industry favourite.
We say: A sexy, unisex product which Liz wouldn't be without! (See her Favourites Page under LoveLula Recommends and judge for yourself…)


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Now that the city's first World Music Festival has proved such a success, here's hoping the Office of Special Events will use the formula from the just-completed global fest for a long overdue overhaul of Viva Chicago!, its Latin American music showcase.
Moving Viva out of Grant Park and spreading it out to the neighborhoods, to downtown and neighborhood venues such as the Cultural Center and The Note -- just like with the World Music Festival -- would best serve Viva's original mission: to demonstrate the diversity of Latin American music. It would make experiencing the music easier, more accessible for both Latinos and non-Latinos. It would, in effect, do what it's not doing now: Broaden the audience, and provide a lively, fun entertainment.


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Published By
Funded By
- Copyright 2008 by the American Schools of Oriental Research.
Document Type
This web page is marked up with Schema.org microdata. Much of the necessary microdata is embedded within the HTML that creates the display you see above. The data that shows below is formatted for machine-reading and rounds out the complete descriptive set for this resource. Want more info about all of this? Go here. You can also view the complete dataset for this resource the way a machine sees it here .Title: An Open Context for Near Eastern Archaeology
Publication date 2007-12-01
Publication Year 2007
Authors Eric C. Kansa , Sarah Whitcher Kansa , Jason M. Schultz
Copyright holder(s) The Alexandria Archive Institute
Keywords archaeology , context , data , copyright , data sharing
Document type Report/Whitepaper , Text
Language English
URL: https://www.issuelab.org/resource/an-open-context-for-near-eastern-archaeology.html
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