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The following is the most recent public Cyber Threat news posted on Website
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Naked Security - Sophos
News, opinion, advice and research on computer security threats from Sophos
Last feed update: Tuesday October 16th, 2018 03:05:35 PM
US embassy accidentally emails invitation to 'cat pyjama-jam' meetingTuesday October 16th, 2018 01:48:35 PM Louisa Hardwick
Canberra's US embassy accidentally exposed details of one of its more enticing get-togethers last week, featuring a cat in a Cookie Monster outfit.
How Chrome and Firefox could ruin your online business this monthTuesday October 16th, 2018 01:27:09 PM Paul Ducklin
Last year, Symantec sold off its web certificate business. The new owners are reissuing certs for free - but there's a deadline looming!
Google using lock screen passwords to encrypt Android Cloud backupsTuesday October 16th, 2018 11:30:55 AM Lisa Vaas
If, that is, your phone has updated to the Android 9 operating system, otherwise known as Pie. If so, say hi to the Titan chip!
How to buy (and set up) a safe and secure baby monitorTuesday October 16th, 2018 09:35:03 AM Maria Varmazis
Wi-Fi enabled or not? Digital or analog? Here are the features to look for, and how to secure your baby monitor out of the box.
Facebook opens up about data breach detailsMonday October 15th, 2018 01:43:03 PM Paul Ducklin
Two weeks after Facebook's first serious data breach, and the social network has shared what it has figured out so far.
Beware sextortionists spoofing your own email addressMonday October 15th, 2018 12:25:20 PM Lisa Vaas
In the past, they've pretended to have your passwords - now they're pretending to send email from your "hacked" account, too.
Literary-minded phishers are trying to pilfer publishers' manuscriptsMonday October 15th, 2018 11:57:57 AM Lisa Vaas
In a twist on Business Email Compromise, they're spoofing literary agents and going after manuscripts at Penguin Random House and Pan Macmillan.
Monday review – the hot 23 stories of the weekMonday October 15th, 2018 11:17:39 AM Naked Security writer
From the WhatsApp hack to the world's most expensive USB stick, and everything in between. Catch up with everything we've written in the last 7 days - it's weekly roundup time.
What Kanye West can teach us about passcodesFriday October 12th, 2018 02:00:00 PM John E Dunn
Pulling out an iPhone XS to show the assembled throng a picture of the hydrogen-powered aircraft that "our president should be flying in," West casually unlocked it using the passcode '000000'.
35 state attorneys general tell FCC to pull the plug on robocallsFriday October 12th, 2018 01:10:11 PM Lisa Vaas
The AGs want the FCC to adopt SHAKEN and STIR.
Securelist - Kaspersky Lab's cyberthreat research and reports
Online headquarters of Kaspersky Lab security experts.
Last feed update: Tuesday August 14th, 2018 04:46:52 PM
Spam and phishing in Q2 2018Tuesday August 14th, 2018 10:00:36 AM Maria Vergelis
Average spam volume of 49.66% in world mail traffic in this quarter fell 2.16 p.p. in comparison with the previous reporting period, and the Antiphishing system prevented more than 107M attempts to connect users to phishing sites, which is 17M more than in the first quarter of 2018.
KeyPass ransomwareMonday August 13th, 2018 12:21:10 PM Orkhan Mamedov
In the last few days, our anti-ransomware module has been detecting a new variant of malware - KeyPass ransomware. According to our information, the malware is propagated by means of fake installers that download the ransomware module.
IT threat evolution Q2 2018Monday August 6th, 2018 10:00:53 AM David Emm
Olympic Destroyer worm, Roaming Mantis mobile banker, Operation Parliament cyber-espionage campaign, SynAck ransomware and other notable targeted attacks and malware campaigns of Q2 2018.
IT threat evolution Q2 2018. StatisticsMonday August 6th, 2018 10:00:04 AM Victor Chebyshev
In Q2 2018, attempted infections by malware designed to steal money via online access to bank accounts were logged on the computers of 215,762 users, ransomware attacks were registered on the computers of 158,921 unique users.
How do file partner programs work?Thursday August 2nd, 2018 10:00:51 AM Mariya Fedorova
It's easy to notice if you've fallen victim to an advertising partner program: the system has new apps that you didn't install, ad pages spontaneously open in the browser, ads appear on sites where they never used to, and so on. If you notice these symptoms on your computer, 99% of the time it's "partner stuff".
Attacks on industrial enterprises using RMS and TeamViewerWednesday August 1st, 2018 10:00:46 AM Vyacheslav Kopeytsev
Kaspersky Lab ICS CERT has identified a new wave of phishing emails with malicious attachments targeting primarily companies and organizations that are, in one way or another, associated with industrial production.
A mining multitoolThursday July 26th, 2018 10:00:25 AM Vladas Bulavas
Recently, an interesting miner implementation appeared on Kaspersky Lab's radar. The malware, which we dubbed PowerGhost, is capable of stealthily establishing itself in a system and spreading across large corporate networks infecting both workstations and servers.
A study of car sharing appsWednesday July 25th, 2018 10:00:52 AM Victor Chebyshev
The growing popularity of car sharing services has led some experts to predict an end to private car ownership in big cities. But information security specialists have started raising some pertinent questions: how are the users of these services protected and what potential risks do they face in the event of unauthorized access to their accounts?
DDoS attacks in Q2 2018Tuesday July 24th, 2018 09:00:54 AM Timur Ibragimov
In H1 2018, the average and maximum attack power fell significantly compared to H2 2017. In Q2 2018, cybercriminals continued the above-outlined trend of searching for exotic holes in UDP transport protocols. It surely won't be long before we hear about other sophisticated methods of attack amplification.
Calisto Trojan for macOSFriday July 20th, 2018 10:00:22 AM Mikhail Kuzin
As researchers we interesting in developmental prototypes of malware that have had limited distribution or not even occurred in the wild. We recently came across one such sample: a macOS backdoor that we named Calisto.
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Security Affairs
Read, think, share … Security is everyone's responsibility
Last feed update: Tuesday October 16th, 2018 03:05:39 PM
Russia-linked APT group DustSquad targets diplomatic entities in Central AsiaTuesday October 16th, 2018 07:47:26 PM Pierluigi Paganini
Kaspersky experts published a detailed analysis of the attacks conducted by the Russian-linked cyber espionage group DustSquad. Earlier October, security experts from ESET shared details about the operations of a cyber espionage group tracked as Nomadic Octopus, a threat actor focused on diplomatic entities in Central Asia. The group has been active since at least 2015, ESET researchers presented […] The post Russia-linked APT group DustSquad targets diplomatic entities in Central Asia appeared first on Security Affairs.
Expert disclosed a new passcode bypass to access photos and contacts on a locked iPhoneTuesday October 16th, 2018 02:07:32 PM Pierluigi Paganini
iOS passionate Jose Rodriguez disclosed a new passcode bypass bug that could be to access photos and contacts on a locked iPhone XS. The security passionate Jose Rodriguez has discovered a new passcode bypass bug that could be exploited on the recently released iOS 12.0.1. A few weeks ago, Rodriguez discovered a passcode bypass vulnerability in Apple's new iOS […] The post Expert disclosed a new passcode bypass to access photos and contacts on a locked iPhone appeared first on Security Affairs.
35 million US voter records available for sale in a hacking forumTuesday October 16th, 2018 11:35:54 AM Pierluigi Paganini
Millions of voter records are available for sale on the Dark Web, experts discovered over 35 million US voter records for sale in a hacking forum. Millions of voter records are available for sale on the Dark Web, experts from Anomali and Intel 471 discovered 35 million US voter records for sale in a hacking forum. […] The post 35 million US voter records available for sale in a hacking forum appeared first on Security Affairs.
How Cybercriminals are Targeting free Wi-Fi Users?Tuesday October 16th, 2018 08:29:52 AM Pierluigi Paganini
Free Wi-Fi is convenient, but it is also unsafe and puts users at great risk. Here's how the cybercriminals attack user on these open networks. The free Wi-Fi is one of the catchiest things for the users in today's world. This is the main reason why so many free public Wi-Fi can be found without […] The post How Cybercriminals are Targeting free Wi-Fi Users? appeared first on Security Affairs.
A simple message containing certain symbols could crash the Sony PlayStation 4Tuesday October 16th, 2018 07:08:22 AM Pierluigi Paganini
PlayStation 4 gaming consoles could crash when they receive messages containing certain symbols from fellow gamers. The consoles could freeze on while the owners are playing their preferred games, the DoS condition is triggered while the devices are parsing symbols in messages received. "There is a new glitch that basically bricks your console and forces […] The post A simple message containing certain symbols could crash the Sony PlayStation 4 appeared first on Security Affairs.
Online market for counterfeit goods in Russia has reached $1,5 billionMonday October 15th, 2018 12:52:43 PM Pierluigi Paganini
Group-IB: The online market for counterfeit goods in Russia has reached $1,5 billion, while the number of phishing attacks has surpassed 1,200 daily Group-IB, an international company that specialises in the prevention of cyber attacks, has estimated that online sales of counterfeit goods are now worth $1.5 billion. This information was first made public by experts […] The post Online market for counterfeit goods in Russia has reached $1,5 billion appeared first on Security Affairs.
Russia-linked BlackEnergy backed new cyber attacks on Ukraine's state bodiesMonday October 15th, 2018 10:46:19 AM Pierluigi Paganini
The Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) uncovered a new targeted attack launched by BlackEnergy APT on the IT systems of Ukrainian government entities. The Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) uncovered a new targeted attack on the information and telecommunication systems of Ukrainian government entities. The SBU attributed the attack to the BlackEnergy Russia-linked APT group. "The […] The post Russia-linked BlackEnergy backed new cyber attacks on Ukraine's state bodies appeared first on Security Affairs.
Branch.io Flaws may have affected as many as 685 million individualsMonday October 15th, 2018 07:39:13 AM Pierluigi Paganini
More than 685 million users may have been exposed to XSS attacks due to a flaw in Branch.io service used by Tinder, Shopify, and many others. Security Affairs was the first to publish the news of a DOM-XSS Bug Affecting Tinder, Shopify, Yelp, and other dating application. The flaws were disclosed a few days ago by […] The post Branch.io Flaws may have affected as many as 685 million individuals appeared first on Security Affairs.
A Russian cyber vigilante is patching outdated MikroTik routers exposed onlineMonday October 15th, 2018 06:42:06 AM Pierluigi Paganini
A Russian-speaking hacker, who goes by the name of Alexey, claims to have hacked into over 100,000 MikroTik routers with a specific intent, disinfect them. Earlier August, experts uncovered a massive crypto jacking campaign that was targeting MikroTik routers to inject a Coinhive cryptocurrency mining script in the web traffic. The campaign started in Brazil, but it rapidly expanded to […] The post A Russian cyber vigilante is patching outdated MikroTik routers exposed online appeared first on Security Affairs.
Microsoft fixed the Zero-Day for JET flaw, but the fix is incompleteSunday October 14th, 2018 06:50:21 PM Pierluigi Paganini
Experts from 0Patch revealed that the Microsoft Zero-Day Patch for JET Database Engine vulnerability (CVE-2018-8423) is incomplete. The vulnerability was discovered by the researcher Lucas Leong of the Trend Micro Security Research team that publicly disclosed an unpatched zero-day vulnerability in all supported versions of Microsoft Windows. The flaw is an out-of-bounds (OOB) write in the JET Database Engine that […] The post Microsoft fixed the Zero-Day for JET flaw, but the fix is incomplete appeared first on Security Affairs.
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News, views, and insight from the ESET security community
Last feed update: Tuesday October 16th, 2018 03:05:39 PM
Phishers are after something unusual in ploy targeting book publishersTuesday October 16th, 2018 12:01:20 PM Tomáš Foltýn
In a new twist on the theme, the scammers have their sights set on book manuscripts, among other things The post Phishers are after something unusual in ploy targeting book publishers appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Facebook downgrades victim count, details data accessed in breachMonday October 15th, 2018 02:46:04 PM Tomáš Foltýn
While the number of victims is lower than previously thought, the data accessed for millions of them is more sensitive than originally believed The post Facebook downgrades victim count, details data accessed in breach appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
The Occasional Orator Part 3Monday October 15th, 2018 01:23:57 PM David Harley
Proper preparation can make all the difference when it comes to speaking at conferences The post The Occasional Orator Part 3 appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Tips for minding the digital skills gapFriday October 12th, 2018 11:26:42 AM Tomáš Foltýn
The times they are a-changin', so how do you build and sharpen the skills that you need to avoid being left behind by the digital revolution? The post Tips for minding the digital skills gap appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Week in security with Tony AnscombeFriday October 12th, 2018 09:28:01 AM Shane Curtis
TeleBots: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya The post Week in security with Tony Anscombe appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetyaThursday October 11th, 2018 11:57:14 AM Anton Cherepanov
ESET's analysis of a recent backdoor used by TeleBots – the group behind the massive NotPetya ransomware outbreak – uncovers strong code similarities to the Industroyer main backdoor, revealing a rumored connection that was not previously proven The post New TeleBots backdoor: First evidence linking Industroyer to NotPetya appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Send in the clones: Facebook cloning revisitedThursday October 11th, 2018 09:56:04 AM David Harley
As another confusing message spreads, we look at Facebook privacy, cloning, and hacking The post Send in the clones: Facebook cloning revisited appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
California outlaws poor default passwords in connected devicesWednesday October 10th, 2018 12:54:41 PM Tomáš Foltýn
The law is intended to help curb attacks that rely on weak, non-existent or publicly disclosed passwords that far too often ship with web-connected gadgets The post California outlaws poor default passwords in connected devices appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Google+ to shut down due to lack of adoption and privacy bugWednesday October 10th, 2018 08:57:08 AM Tomáš Foltýn
Google has found no evidence of misuse of user information courtesy of a security glitch in the social platform's API The post Google+ to shut down due to lack of adoption and privacy bug appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Blockchain: What is it, how it works and how it is being used in the marketTuesday October 9th, 2018 12:00:35 PM Cecilia Pastorino
A closer look at the technology that is rapidly growing in popularity The post Blockchain: What is it, how it works and how it is being used in the market appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Most routers full of firmware flaws that leave users at riskMonday October 8th, 2018 12:34:56 PM Tomáš Foltýn
If you own a Wi-Fi router, it may well be riddled with security holes that expose you to a host of threats The post Most routers full of firmware flaws that leave users at risk appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Week in security with Tony AnscombeSunday October 7th, 2018 09:32:41 AM Shane Curtis
Facebook stolen access tokens issue rumbles on - Week in security with Tony Anscombe The post Week in security with Tony Anscombe appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Virus Bulletin 2018: Supply chain hacking grows upFriday October 5th, 2018 12:13:19 PM Cameron Camp
Striking the balance between supply, demand and safety is a major concern The post Virus Bulletin 2018: Supply chain hacking grows up appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Make it a cyber-habit: Five simple steps to staying safe onlineFriday October 5th, 2018 10:12:52 AM Tomáš Foltýn
What are some essential steps you can take to increase your online safety – now and in the long run? The post Make it a cyber-habit: Five simple steps to staying safe online appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Why ask the public about cybercrime and cybersecurity?Thursday October 4th, 2018 12:02:11 PM Stephen Cobb
Answers could help raise awareness of situations that people fear The post Why ask the public about cybercrime and cybersecurity? appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Virus Bulletin 2018: Attack velocity ramps upThursday October 4th, 2018 10:27:36 AM Cameron Camp
Some tips from the floor of VB 2018 for helping to keep your data more secure The post Virus Bulletin 2018: Attack velocity ramps up appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Facebook: No evidence attackers used stolen access tokens on third-party sitesWednesday October 3rd, 2018 01:13:04 PM Tomáš Foltýn
The social networking behemoth is expected to face a formal investigation by Ireland's Data Protection Commission in what could be the "acid test" of GDPR since the law took effect in May The post Facebook: No evidence attackers used stolen access tokens on third-party sites appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
IT forensic tools: How to find the right one for each incidentWednesday October 3rd, 2018 10:23:29 AM Lucas Paus
Some online resources that will help you find the most suitable IT forensic tools for each case The post IT forensic tools: How to find the right one for each incident appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Why keeping your cyber-wits about you mattersTuesday October 2nd, 2018 12:12:05 PM Tomáš Foltýn
WeLiveSecurity is happy to support the European Cyber Security Month (ECSM) with its own "two cents", split into four articles over the course of October that will be dedicated to promoting the campaign's goals The post Why keeping your cyber-wits about you matters appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
50 million Facebook users affected in breachMonday October 1st, 2018 01:33:54 PM Tomáš Foltýn
It has yet to be determined whether the accounts were misused or what information was accessed. In the meantime, you can improve your account security with a few easy steps The post 50 million Facebook users affected in breach appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Top tips for protecting your Smart TVMonday October 1st, 2018 09:47:37 AM Gabrielle Ladouceur Despins
The final few months of 2018 will likely be a busy time of year for people and cybercriminals will be no different as they continue to look for weak spots in networks The post Top tips for protecting your Smart TV appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Who's behind DDoS attacks at UK universities?Friday September 28th, 2018 11:34:09 AM Tomáš Foltýn
The timing of the attacks suggests that many attempts to take the networks offline may not necessarily be perpetrated by organized cybercriminal gangs The post Who's behind DDoS attacks at UK universities? appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Week in security with Tony AnscombeFriday September 28th, 2018 09:11:04 AM Shane Curtis
ESET researchers discover LoJax - Week in security with Tony Anscombe The post Week in security with Tony Anscombe appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
LoJax: First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit groupThursday September 27th, 2018 09:57:35 AM ESET Research
ESET researchers have shown that the Sednit operators used different components of the LoJax malware to target a few government organizations in the Balkans as well as in Central and Eastern Europe The post LoJax: First UEFI rootkit found in the wild, courtesy of the Sednit group appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Twitter patches bug that may have spilled users' private messagesWednesday September 26th, 2018 01:30:25 PM Tomáš Foltýn
The flaw affected one of the platform's APIs between May 2017 and September 10 of this year, when it was patched "within hours" The post Twitter patches bug that may have spilled users' private messages appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Defending your company from cyberattackWednesday September 26th, 2018 11:59:22 AM Tomáš Foltýn
ESET CTO Juraj Malcho outlines some of the ways in which organizations can reduce their cybersecurity risk The post Defending your company from cyberattack appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
How to improve hiring practices in cybersecurityTuesday September 25th, 2018 12:16:23 PM Lysa Myers
Should schools and businesses do more to combat the shortfall of cybersecurity professionals by changing the hiring process for those interested in having a career in the industry? The post How to improve hiring practices in cybersecurity appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
The Occasional Orator Part 2Monday September 24th, 2018 11:56:36 AM David Harley
Public speaking and presenting at conferences can be daunting for the majority of people but by including some subtle tricks, the speaker can deliver a stronger message The post The Occasional Orator Part 2 appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Attackers crack Newegg's defenses, slurp customers' credit card dataFriday September 21st, 2018 01:02:56 PM Tomáš Foltýn
The skimmer, injected into the store's payment page, harvested credit-card details from the store's online customers for more than a month The post Attackers crack Newegg's defenses, slurp customers' credit card data appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Week in security with Tony AnscombeFriday September 21st, 2018 12:10:18 PM Shane Curtis
ESET researchers uncover major banking fraud attempts - Week in security with Tony Anscombe The post Week in security with Tony Anscombe appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
DanaBot shifts its targeting to Europe, adds new featuresFriday September 21st, 2018 09:58:16 AM ESET Research
ESET researchers have discovered new DanaBot campaigns targeting a number of European countries The post DanaBot shifts its targeting to Europe, adds new features appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Mirai's architects avoid prison thanks to work for FBIThursday September 20th, 2018 02:05:46 PM Tomáš Foltýn
Instead, the three men will cooperate with law enforcement and – an area in which, it turns out, they already have quite some experience – the broader research community The post Mirai's architects avoid prison thanks to work for FBI appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Fake finance apps on Google Play target users from around the worldWednesday September 19th, 2018 12:58:03 PM Lukas Stefanko
Cybercrooks use bogus apps to phish six online banks and a cryptocurrency exchange The post Fake finance apps on Google Play target users from around the world appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
The Occasional Orator Part 1Tuesday September 18th, 2018 11:58:29 AM David Harley
Speaking at conferences can be daunting for presenters but often it is about striking the right balance between content and delivery The post The Occasional Orator Part 1 appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Bristol airport takes flight screens offline after apparent ransomware attackMonday September 17th, 2018 12:26:41 PM Tomáš Foltýn
The screens in "key locations" are back up and running again, while the airport paid no ransom to return its systems to working order The post Bristol airport takes flight screens offline after apparent ransomware attack appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
One in three UK orgs hit by cryptojacking in previous month, survey findsMonday September 17th, 2018 09:49:00 AM Tomáš Foltýn
Conversely, only a little over one-third of IT executives believe that their systems have never been hijacked to surreptitiously mine digital currencies The post One in three UK orgs hit by cryptojacking in previous month, survey finds appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Week in security with Tony AnscombeFriday September 14th, 2018 01:11:15 PM Shane Curtis
ESET researchers have discovered several third-party add-ons for the popular open-source media player Kodi. The first 100 days of GDPR reviewed. Also a look at how Microsoft addressed 61 security flaws in Windows in their Patch Tuesday release The post Week in security with Tony Anscombe appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Russian man accused of running Kelihos botnet pleads guiltyFriday September 14th, 2018 09:43:10 AM Tomáš Foltýn
In its heyday, Kelihos comprised up to 100,000 compromised devices that were capable of blasting out billions of malware-laden emails every day The post Russian man accused of running Kelihos botnet pleads guilty appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Programmer's Day: Resources to audit your codeThursday September 13th, 2018 02:00:11 PM Cecilia Pastorino
Taking advantage of the celebration of the Day of the Programmer, we share some audit tools to evaluate the security of your code The post Programmer's Day: Resources to audit your code appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Kodi add-ons launch cryptomining campaignThursday September 13th, 2018 12:58:57 PM Kaspars Osis
ESET researchers have discovered several third-party add-ons for the popular open-source media player Kodi being used to distribute Linux and Windows cryptocurrency-mining malware The post Kodi add-ons launch cryptomining campaign appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Patch Tuesday: Microsoft plugs zero-day hole exploited by PowerPoolWednesday September 12th, 2018 01:36:29 PM Tomáš Foltýn
Microsoft and Adobe have each shipped out their scheduled batches of patches to address security flaws in their respective software The post Patch Tuesday: Microsoft plugs zero-day hole exploited by PowerPool appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Abandoning a domain name can come back to bite you, research showsTuesday September 11th, 2018 12:59:27 PM Tomáš Foltýn
A domain name once left behind can catch up with you – by giving fraudsters access to a treasure trove of sensitive information The post Abandoning a domain name can come back to bite you, research shows appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Apple yanks top grossing app from Mac App Store for grabbing private user dataMonday September 10th, 2018 02:26:19 PM Tomáš Foltýn
The several thousand glowing reviews that Adware Doctor had garnered prior to its removal were "likely fake", researchers say The post Apple yanks top grossing app from Mac App Store for grabbing private user data appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
100 days of GDPRMonday September 10th, 2018 11:26:17 AM Veronika Gallisova
What impact has the new data protection directive had on businesses so far? The post 100 days of GDPR appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Week in security with Tony AnscombeSaturday September 8th, 2018 07:52:12 AM Shane Curtis
PowerPool exploits zero-day vulnerability, Machine Learning and malware, plus susceptible power grids, all in the cybersecurity news with Tony Anscombe The post Week in security with Tony Anscombe appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
British Airways suffers breach, 380,000 card details stolenFriday September 7th, 2018 11:53:19 AM Tomáš Foltýn
The UK's flag carrier vows to compensate all customers who will lose out financially due to the incident The post British Airways suffers breach, 380,000 card details stolen appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Could home appliances knock down power grids?Thursday September 6th, 2018 01:47:02 PM Tomáš Foltýn
Far-fetched though it may sound, the answer is yes, according to researchers, who show that electrical grids and smart home appliances could make for a dangerous mix The post Could home appliances knock down power grids? appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
PowerPool malware exploits ALPC LPE zero-day vulnerabilityWednesday September 5th, 2018 12:57:13 PM Matthieu Faou
Malware from newly uncovered group PowerPool exploits zero-day vulnerability in the wild, only two days after its disclosure The post PowerPool malware exploits ALPC LPE zero-day vulnerability appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Of ML and malware: What's in store?Tuesday September 4th, 2018 11:56:41 AM Tomáš Foltýn
All things labeled Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Machine Learning (ML) are making waves, but talk of them in cybersecurity contexts often muddies the waters. A new ESET white paper sets out to bring some clarity to a subject where confusion often reigns supreme The post Of ML and malware: What's in store? appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Majority of the world's top million websites now use HTTPSMonday September 3rd, 2018 01:02:21 PM Tomáš Foltýn
The adoption of the protocol's secure variant has continued its growth spurt in recent months, crossing the 50-percent milestone for the first time ever The post Majority of the world's top million websites now use HTTPS appeared first on WeLiveSecurity
Sucuri Blog
Protect Your Interwebs!
Last feed update: Tuesday October 16th, 2018 03:05:39 PM
FBI Public Service Annoucement: Defacements Exploiting WordPress VulnerabilitiesWednesday April 8th, 2015 12:24:11 AM Daniel Cid
The US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) just released a public service announcement (PSA) to the public about a large number of websites being exploited and compromised through WordPress plugin vulnerabilities: Continuous Web site defacements are being perpetrated by individuals sympathetic to the Islamic State in the Levant (ISIL) a.k.a. Islamic State of Iraq andRead More
Security Advisory: Persistent XSS in WP-Super-CacheTuesday April 7th, 2015 03:12:29 PM Marc-Alexandre Montpas
Security Risk: Dangerous Exploitation level: Very Easy/Remote DREAD Score: 8/10 Vulnerability: Persistent XSS Patched Version: 1.4.4 During a routine audit for our Website Firewall (WAF), we discovered a dangerous Persistent XSS vulnerability affecting the very popular WP-Super-Cache plugin (more than a million active installs according to wordpress.org). The security issue, as well as another bug-fixRead More
Website Malware – The SWF iFrame Injector EvolvesThursday April 2nd, 2015 03:56:00 PM Peter Gramantik
Last year, we released a post about a malware injector found in an Adobe Flash (.SWF) file. In that post, we showed how a .SWF file is used to inject an invisible, malicious iFrame. It appears that the author of that Flash malware continued with this method of infection. Now we are seeing more varietiesRead More
Intro to E-Commerce and PCI Compliance – Part ITuesday March 31st, 2015 09:14:15 PM Daniel Cid
Have you ever heard of the term PCI? Specifically, PCI compliance? If you have an e-commerce website, you probably have already heard about it. But do you really understand what it means for you and your online business? In this series, we will try to explain the PCI standard and how it affects you andRead More
WordPress Malware Causes Psuedo-Darkleech InfectionThursday March 26th, 2015 09:00:37 AM Denis Sinegubko
Darkleech is a nasty malware infection that infects web servers at the root level. It use malicious Apache modules to add hidden iFrames to certain responses. It's difficult to detect because the malware is only active when both server and site admins are not logged in, and the iFrame is only injected once a dayRead More
Why Website Reinfections HappenTuesday March 24th, 2015 04:38:52 AM Valentin
I joined Sucuri a little over a month ago. My job is actually as a Social Media Specialist, but we have this process where regardless of your job you have to learn what website infections look like and more importantly, how to clean them. It's this idea that regardless of you are you must alwaysRead More
The Impacts of a Hacked WebsiteThursday March 19th, 2015 01:15:37 PM Tony Perez
Today, with the proliferation of open-source technologies like WordPress, Joomla! and other Content Management Systems (CMS) people around the world are able to quickly establish a virtual presence with little to no cost. In the process however, a lot is being lost in terms of what it means to own a website. We are failingRead More
Understanding WordPress Plugin VulnerabilitiesTuesday March 17th, 2015 05:19:42 PM Daniel Cid
The last 7 days have been very busy with a number of vulnerabilities being disclosed on multiple WordPress plugins. Some of them are minor issues, some are more relevant, while others are what we'd categorize as noise. How are you supposed to make sense of all this? To help provide some clarity on the influxRead More
Inverted WordPress TrojanWednesday March 11th, 2015 06:40:16 PM Denis Sinegubko
Trojan (or trojan horse) is software that does (or pretends to be doing) something useful but also contains a secret malicious payload that inconspicuously does something bad. In WordPress, typical trojans are plugins and themes (usually pirated) which may have backdoors, or send out spam, create doorways, inject hidden links or malware. The trojan modelRead More
Security Advisory: MainWP-Child WordPress PluginMonday March 9th, 2015 11:56:20 PM Mickael Nadeau
Security Risk: Critical Exploitation level: Very Easy/Remote DREAD Score: 9/10 Vulnerability: Password bypass / Privilege Escalation Patched Version: 22.214.171.124 During a routine audit of our Website Firewall (WAF), we found a critical vulnerability affecting the popular MainWP Child WordPress plugin. According to worpdress.org, it is installed on more than 90,000 WordPress sites as as remote administrationRead More
ThreatTrack Security Labs Blog
Emerging threats and malware research
Last feed update: Tuesday October 16th, 2018 03:05:39 PM
Zepto Evasion TechniquesWednesday August 24th, 2016 04:08:02 PM ThreatTrack Security Labs
We've been tracking some more spam dropping Zepto ransomware variants. Like earlier posts, we're seeing infected attachments with malicious macro scripts used as the entry point for the threat actor. (See images below of some recent spam samples.) As we dig deeper into our analysis, we found out that these macro scripts are not crafted […] The post Zepto Evasion Techniques appeared first on ThreatTrack Security Labs Blog.
Donoff Macro Dropping RansomwareSunday August 21st, 2016 02:43:20 PM ThreatTrack Security Labs
Recently, we've spotted Zepto ransomware spreading through spam email containing fake invoices (see image below). These attachments contain a Macro-Enabled word document file known as Donoff, which downloads the Zepto executable that encrypts all your files and will later ask for payment of the decryption key. We decided to take a closer look on the Donoff […] The post Donoff Macro Dropping Ransomware appeared first on ThreatTrack Security Labs Blog.
Zepto Ransomware Packed into WSF SpamMonday July 25th, 2016 02:07:05 PM ThreatTrack Security Labs
ThreatTrack Labs has recently observed a surge of spam containing a zip attachment with a WSF (Windows Scripting File) to deliver Zepto ransomware. This tactic is a change from the common JavaScript and macro documents being spammed previously. Here are actual emails featuring familiar social engineering tactics: The zip attachments contain the WSF. An Interactive […] The post Zepto Ransomware Packed into WSF Spam appeared first on ThreatTrack Security Labs Blog.
A Look at the Cerber Office 365 RansomwareWednesday July 13th, 2016 01:31:49 PM ThreatTrack Security Labs
Reports of a Zero-day attack affecting numerous Office 365 users emerged late last month (hat tip to the researchers at Avanan), and the culprit was a new variant of the Cerber ransomware discovered earlier this year. As with the other Zero-day threats that have been popping-up like mushrooms of late, the main methods of infection […] The post A Look at the Cerber Office 365 Ransomware appeared first on ThreatTrack Security Labs Blog.
A Close Look at TeslaCrypt 3.0 RansomwareWednesday June 8th, 2016 04:38:00 PM ThreatTrack Security Labs
TeslaCrypt is yet another ransomware taking the cyber world by storm. It is mostly distributed via a spear phishing email and through the Angler exploit kit. The Angler exploits vulnerability in Adobe Flash. The Angler exploit downloads a variant of the ransomware upon success. TeslaCrypt 3.0 possesses various updates, one of which renders encrypted files […] The post A Close Look at TeslaCrypt 3.0 Ransomware appeared first on ThreatTrack Security Labs Blog.
The Day the Earth Stood Still for CryptoWallWednesday May 25th, 2016 06:22:16 PM ThreatTrack Security Labs
It's been the norm in the cybersecurity industry to be intrigued and at the same time be infuriated by the people behind any successful large-scale malware attack. Ransomware is one such example. It's been slowly released in the wild since the early 2009, but CryptoWall redefined the meaning of ransomware and took it to the […] The post The Day the Earth Stood Still for CryptoWall appeared first on ThreatTrack Security Labs Blog.
Understanding the Latest Version of Locky RansomwareWednesday May 18th, 2016 05:58:05 PM ThreatTrack Security Labs
It is one of the most prevalent spam malware in the wild today: Locky ransomware. The Locky malware authors started their campaign last year but didn't become very active until January 2016 – and they haven't slowed down since. Locky e-mails usually come in with an attached zip archive and once extracted may contain a […] The post Understanding the Latest Version of Locky Ransomware appeared first on ThreatTrack Security Labs Blog.
A Glimpse at Petya RansomwareTuesday May 3rd, 2016 02:09:58 PM ThreatTrack Security Labs
Ransomware has become an increasingly serious threat. Cryptowall, TeslasCrypt and Locky are just some of the ransomware variants that infected large numbers of victims. Petya is the newest strain and the most devious among them. Petya will not only encrypt files but it will make the system completely useless, leaving the victim no choice but […] The post A Glimpse at Petya Ransomware appeared first on ThreatTrack Security Labs Blog.
Breaking Down the Malware Behind the Ukraine Power OutageThursday March 17th, 2016 01:00:30 PM ThreatTrack Security Labs
Security researchers recently discovered that the power outage in the Ukraine in December was caused by a malware and identified as an evolved version of BlackEnergy. This Trojan, dating back to 2007, was a popular malware that was previously sold in Russian underground sites. However, its design and architecture changed from performing simple HTTP DDos attacks to […] The post Breaking Down the Malware Behind the Ukraine Power Outage appeared first on ThreatTrack Security Labs Blog.
What's New with DridexThursday February 25th, 2016 02:00:06 PM ThreatTrack Security Labs
Credit: Christopher D. Del Fierro, Lead Malware Research Engineer, ThreatTrack Security We have seen Dridex since 2014 and it is still active in the wild today. This research will be focusing on analyzing Dridex and on how it is able to remain undetected by most antivirus engines. For those not familiar with Dridex, it is a malspam […] The post What's New with Dridex appeared first on ThreatTrack Security Labs Blog.
AlienVault firstname.lastname@example.com
The most recent posts from across the AlienVault blogs.
Last feed update: Tuesday October 16th, 2018 03:05:40 PM
AT&T Business Summit 2018 - First Impressions and RecapNo timestamp info...
From the 25th to the 28th of September 2018, I had the opportunity to attend the AT&T Business Summit in Dallas. I walked away with a whole new perspective on AT&T business, what a conference could be like, and the Dallas Cowboys. The Future is Here The show floor at the summit was small when compared to some of the mega-conferences like RSA. But what it lacked in volume, it more than made up for in quality and variety of technologies.on display across different industry verticals. There were robots that could fold your laundry, or take you on an augmented reality tour of a factory. We were even introduced to "Pepper" a cute interactive robot. Pepper's a fan of @gwenstefani, too! Check out those dance moves. #ATTBizSummit @ATTBusiness pic.twitter.com/MX5ntUsrj2 — Sarita Rao (@saritasayso) September 27, 2018 There were a lot of other embedded technologies on display, like portable medical devices, which can be operated by anyone to provide details to a doctor. Or, IoT technology embedded within trucks that can send a whole host of data to allow effective fleet management. Some of the broad themes from the technology were on display, and the topics discussed on stage included IoT, smart cities, 5G, and software defining of most things. Day 1 Video Recap Hitting High Notes with the Keynotes Showcasing technology aside, conferences can be defined by the quality of speakers and talks that are given. AT&T Business did not disappoint, with some great discussions and presentations by the likes of Malcolm Gladwell, Anderson Cooper, Thaddeus Arroyo, Barmak Meftah, Queen Latifah, Reese Witherspoon, and Tony Blair, to name a few. Power panel - Anderson Cooper, Doug Parker, Meg Whitman, Thaddeus Arroyo...Disruption is Coming for EVERYONE! #ATTBizSummit #transformation pic.twitter.com/SM9lu0xxkG — Anne Chow (@TheAnneChow) November 1, 2017 "Security isn't a technology problem. We need to view security as a business problem" Barmak Meftah, President AT&T Cybersecurity Solutions & CEO @alienvault #AttBizSummit @ATTBusiness pic.twitter.com/8IwA6QFQ3g — Susan Torrey (@smtorrey) September 26, 2018 A brief history of the ATM per @Gladwell. 30 years to mass adoption! #banking #fintech #ATTBizSummit pic.twitter.com/g0qFieGt1o — Evan Kirstel at @InterSystems #GlobalSummit18 (@evankirstel) September 27, 2018 Tip of the day. Even when things get rough Queen Latifah's advice is to make time for yourself. @IAMQUEENLATIFAH #ATTBizSummit #IoT #WomeninTech #EmergingTech #cybersecurity #SDN #Healthcare #5G #ATTInfluencer pic.twitter.com/kEGnOfjYjf — Peggy Smedley (@ConnectedWMag) September 28, 2018 "It's incumbent on us as business leaders to do better." "We're 50% of the population, we should be there 50% of the time." Reese Witherspoon at the #ATTBizSummit #WomenInTech pic.twitter.com/BHKyxW1KXX — Kayne McGladrey has been to the UK (@kaynemcgladrey) September 27, 2018 Just because the keynotes were great and featured celebrities, it doesn't mean the other talks were any less impactful. Some talks that particularly stuck out in my mind included a panel with Kayne Mcgladrey and Derek Scheid who discussed what the future of the SOC (Security Operations Centre) looks like and what companies should do. A particular quote that stuck out for me from the discussion was around the importance of an actual action plan, and how companies can sometimes get fixated on pulling in all the information they can without much thought as to what would happen next. I believe it was Derek who said, "You shouldn't be proud of what you know. You should be proud of what you do." I was also invited to moderate a panel entitled "The best way to predict the future is to invent it". It featured AlienVault CTO Roger Thornton, Chief Scientist Jaime Blasco, Terra Verde's Ed Vasko, and Looker CSO Ryan Gurney. Lively panel discussion w @alienvault's @J4vv4D @jaimeblascob & CTO Roger Thornton, MSSP Ed Vasko @ Terra Verde and USM customer Ryan Gurney @ Looker "the best way to predict the future is to invent it." pic.twitter.com/NGwgar38DL — Susan Torrey (@smtorrey) September 27, 2018 It was a great panel from where I learnt a lot. Ryan, in particular, had some great anecdotes on being the CSO. Recalling that when he joined his current job, he had no office, so had to make do by sitting at a desk in the hallway. The benefit of which he claims is that he was ableto meet and know nearly all the staff as they had to walk by him. He believes that knowing staff and understanding them is the key to good security within a company. Day 2 Video Recap Alien Invasion AlienVault was fully embraced and welcomed with open arms at the summit. I certainly made a few new friends, and there was no shortage of attendees sporting flashing green AlienVault sunglasses, or Alien masks. However, perhaps the biggest achievements in the battle to win the hearts and minds, were at the concerts, where Billy Idol, and Gwen Stefani both donned the AlienVault sunglasses. If that isn't the sign of a hugely successful event… then I don't know what is.
Security Travel TipsNo timestamp info...
In honor of NCSAM, we decided to ask the Twitter community for security travel tips, to help us be more safe when travelling. Here's the original Tweet: Want some AlienVault swag? Send us your top tip for #security while traveling by October 8 for potential inclusion in an upcoming blog. Of the tips we include in the blog, we'll randomly select 3 people to win an AlienVault swag bag! #securityawareness @J4vv4D @securitybrew pic.twitter.com/1XvzKnMbMv — AlienVault, an AT&T company (@alienvault) October 3, 2018 We got some neat answers. 1. Use a screen protector on an airplane or while working in public 2. Buy Freeze Fraud bags to store your laptop in while out of your hotel room. Tamper evident bags give you peace of mind your hardware hasn't been tampered with. — Jake Williams (@MalwareJake) October 4, 2018 For the love of everything confidential: privacy screens for phone, tablet, phablet, laptop, etc! Flights to DC make for the best shoulder surfing! — Glenn it's S��CTOBER �� (@NTKramer) October 4, 2018 Know your threat model. Not everyone needs a burner phone, burner laptop, and 7 proxies. Know the trust boundaries, and mitigate the issues that make sense for you. — Willa (@willasaywhat) October 4, 2018 Dont do work. Your work existed before you and wont end cuz you disapeared for a week or less. Smart companies and CEOs always have backup for critical employees. No matter how secure you can try to be... if you are targeted they will get you while you are traveling. — 9656B73F0889AC044EB47F452C059A6C (@SGFja2Vy) October 4, 2018 Avoid beig an obvious target by studying the area well enough to not need a map upon arrival. Carry the bare minimum hardware & files - if a device is lost/stolen/damaged, better for it to be a stripped down chromebook than your main PC. — Josh Gibbs (@quizzicaljosh) October 4, 2018 dedicated travel phone, vpn, and don't eat at restaurants that aren't busy — Space Force Panda (@TrashPandaFTW) October 4, 2018 Use an EVDO solution along with VPN such as a Verizon USB 4G LTE device and VPN. This prevents the unencrypted WiFi traffic to a hotspot AP and also encrypts your 4G LtE traffic. While you can use a hotspot and vpn, your initial traffic over that hotspot is all unencrypted. — John Alves (@CyberLowdown) October 4, 2018 Do not download sensitive information in a hotel business center. — lazyMalware (@LazyMalware) October 4, 2018 And there was a technology to investigate: Keezel — EmmaB247 (@EmmaB247) October 4, 2018 Stay safer while travelling! Thanks for all the suggestions from the Twitter community.
Things I Hearted this Week, 12th October 2018No timestamp info...
What is a Vulnerability? The part that most people don't seem to understand enough is that an attack only matters if something is at stake. A transaction of some sort needs to occur, otherwise it doesn't matter if someone performs the particular attack against you. When is a vulnerability not a vulnerability? | Medium, Tanya Janca An Analysis of CVE-2018-0824 While we're on the topic of vulnerabilities, I've said it before, but one of the best things that has come out from bug bounty programs is the writeups that sometimes follow which detail the thought process and the steps taken. Similarly, it's always insightful to see when security researchers not only create an exploit, but also spend some time analysing its patch and writing up how it works. Marshalling to SYSTEM - An analysis of CVE-2018-0824 | Code White Sec Visualising Your Threat Models Do you struggle finding the right tool for threat model diagramming? Well, this may be the one for you, if your requirements match the ones of Michael where the app had to: Support DFD and attack trees Enjoyable and easy to us Free and cross platform Not web or 'cloud' based Draw.IO for threat modeling | Michael Riksen Brutal Blogging: Go for the Jugular Ever wondered whether you should get into blogging? Ever started to write a blog but run out of ideas? Ever wonder why your blog post gets no love? Well, fear not, because Kate Brew brings to you all these answers and more in her great DerbyCon 2018 talk Brutal blogging: Go for the jugular | Youtube Blockchain Eating its Greens? Walmart Inc., in a letter to be issued Monday to suppliers, will require its direct suppliers of lettuce, spinach and other greens to join its food-tracking blockchain by Jan. 31. The retailer also will mandate that farmers, logistics firms and business partners of these suppliers join the blockchain by Sept. 30, 2019. Walmart Requires Lettuce, Spinach Suppliers to Join Blockchain | Wall Street Journal Do you Know What You're Building? Across the technology industry, rank-and-file employees are demanding greater insight into how their companies are deploying the technology that they built. At Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Salesforce, as well as at tech start-ups, engineers and technologists are increasingly asking whether the products they are working on are being used for surveillance in places like China or for military projects in the United States or elsewhere. Tech Workers Now Want to Know: What Are We Building This For? | The New York Times Why Logic Errors Are So Hard to Catch The fact that a relatively simple flaw allowed an anonymous hacker to compromise 50 million Facebook accounts serves as a powerful reminder: When hackers, professional or amateur, find business logic errors, as defined by CWE 840, the exploitation can be incredibly damaging. The worst part is that finding logic errors can't be solved with automated tools alone. The best advice on how to avoid logic errors comes from Aristotle: "Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom." Lessons Learned from the Facebook Breach: Why Logic Errors Are So Hard to Catch | Dark Reading What NOT to do When Researchers Notify you of a Breach A short but useful reminder what not to do when a researcher tries to contact you about a potential security issue. TL;DR - try to be nice. What NOT to do when researchers notify you of a breach | Cyberwar news Argos Doesn't Take Care of IT What happens when scammers target the wrong company? More specifically what happens when a social engineer tries to scam a company named, 'the anti-social engineer'? Argos Doesn't Take Care of IT | The antisocial engineer Amazon AI Scrapped for Being Biased Against Women Apparently Amazon has scrapped an internal project that was trying to use AI to vet jobs after the software consistently downgraded female candidates. I don't know, sounds like a case of shooting the messenger. What about the developers? Surely the AI inherited the biases from somewhere. Simply scrapping the AI won't necessarily fix the issue. Amazon reportedly scraps internal AI recruiting tool that was biased against women | The Verge Random Stories I Enjoyed This Week How New York City Tells the Story of Its Open Data Work | Gov tech America Is Losing Its Edge for Startups | CityLab The battle for the Home | Stratechery
AlienVault Product Roundup – the Latest Updates!No timestamp info...
September was another busy month for product development at AlienVault, an AT&T Company. We are excited that the AlienVault Agent is getting great traction with our USM Anywhere user base, and we are continuing to add feature enhancements to the Agent. You can keep up with all of our regular product releases by reading the release notes in the AlienVault Product Forum. Here are the highlights from our September releases.ea Enhancements to the AlienVault Agent! Coming off the successful introduction of the USM Anywhere EDR functionality enabled by the AlienVault Agent, we are excited to announce more improvements to the Agent. The feedback from our users on the Agent has been great thus far, and in September we added more filtering capabilities, designed to give users more control over what types of data the agent is collecting. You can now apply regular filtering rules to Agent events, giving you the flexibility you need over what data you collect. We will continue to add feature enhancements to the Agent in the coming months. The USM Anywhere API is here! Following up to our API release in USM Central, which has been very popular with our MSSPs, we are happy to announce the introduction of the API in USM Anywhere. Available for Standard and Premium Edition customers of USM Anywhere, you can now extract alarms and events from USM Anywhere to help you with independent workflows. This is the first major step towards a full set of API functionality build out in USM Anywhere. Enhancements to the AlienApp for ConnectWise Building on its initial release, the AlienApp for ConnectWise now works with on premises deployments of ConnectWise Manage. Service management teams that use on premises deployments of ConnectWise Manage can now leverage automated service ticket creation from USM Anywhere for alarms and vulnerabilities, as well as the synchronization of asset information. Defects and Optimizing the UX In addition to these new capabilities, the team has rolled out enhancements to the user interface and has addressed multiple defects and inefficiencies. Make sure to read the product release notes for all the details. USM Central Highlights Following on the introduction of the API in August, we are pleased to announce the availability of additional API endpoints that allow customers and partners to retrieve vulnerabilities, deployment information, and configuration issues for connected USM Anywhere instances. This continues the build out of the USM Central API, and stay tuned as we continue to add more API endpoints in the coming months. Threat Intelligence Highlights It's been a typically active month for the AlienVault Labs Security Research team, curating the threat intelligence for USM as well as writing content on new & emerging threats. As a reminder, USM receives continuously updated correlation rules and endpoint queries to detect & respond not only the latest signatures but also higher-level attack tools, tactics, and procedures – all curated by the human intelligence of the AlienVault Labs Security Research Team, bolstered by AlienVault's machine intelligence. The AlienVault Labs team publishes a weekly threat intelligence newsletter, keeping you informed of the threats they are researching and delivering as actionable threat intelligence automatically to the USM platform. Read the AlienVault Threat Intelligence newsletters here. In addition, here are some recent blogs from the Labs Team, which highlights their recent research: Malware Analysis using Osquery Part 2 Off-the-shelf RATs Targeting Pakistan Malware Analysis using Osquery Part 1
Time to Cover your Selfie CameraNo timestamp info...
I am reading an excellent book named "Cringeworthy: A Theory of Awkardness", which examines exactly as the title describes, awkward situations and how to deal with them. I love reading non-fiction books that are not InfoSec related. There is so much to learn out there about so many topics. Sometimes, however, I am led back to my InfoSec passion (or, perhaps it's an illness). In the book, author Melissa Dahl mentions two companies that are working on some fascinating software that can read human emotions via facial expressions. This is a compelling development in technology, reaching beyond facial recognition. Facial recognition, you may recall has had some of its own challenges to overcome. Of course, emotional recognition software would not be useful for authentication, as there are only seven emotions. To review, they are happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, contempt, and disgust. As you read this, are your inner InfoSec senses perking up? They should be. Part of the way that emotions can be identified are through micro expressions. Micro expressions detect subtle changes in a face, but they happen so fast that it requires specialized training for the human eye to detect them. Those trained in micro expression recognition can detect, along with the seven emotions, other traits, such as a person's level of deception. While there are not many folks trained in micro expression recognition, a computer may be programmed to respond with alarming accuracy and speed. Rather than thinking that computerized emotion recognition could be used in a court of law (probably inadmissible as evidence, much like a polygraph), or during an interrogation (also of questionable usefulness), think of the economics of the technology. One way in which this new technology may be used is to gauge a person's response when viewing something on the screen. Using this technology, an advertiser could change what is presented based on the person's response. You seemed to retreat a bit when you were shown the large automobile. Let's pop an advertisement of the fuel-efficient hybrid. You enjoyed the flowers that popped up on your birthday? Let's pop some chocolate onto the screen with a savings coupon. The privacy concerns of such a technology have led me to place a piece of electrical tape over the front-facing camera on my phone. I was never a big selfie person to begin with, and this technology is certainly enough to cure me of any urge to have that camera exposed. Remember, the camera and microphone on your electronic devices are software controlled, so unless you carefully examined that end user license agreement, you may have already given camera control over to one of your applications. Like many others, I have had my laptop camera covered for years. When we think about how our emotions may be manipulated by these powerful little handheld devices, it becomes a scarier proposition that our emotions can be interpreted as we look at the screen. Does this technology have a place in society? Perhaps it could be used in a hospital emergency room to expedite triage of the most severely ill or injured, or perhaps it can be used for training exercises for law enforcement to determine the level of an individual's anger during a sensitive interpersonal exchange? My cynical side, however, is more certain that this technology will be used merely to boost sales of the corporations who use it. There are definitely beneficial uses for this technology, although, if my camera were uncovered right now, the software could only interpret my expression as a mix of sadness and contempt.
5 Steps to Maximize Your Financial Data ProtectionNo timestamp info...
A series of high-profile data breaches in 2017 made it clear that it's becoming more difficult to protect your and your customer's sensitive information from nefarious agents. As businesses expand, they develop and implement security policies that help protect their sensitive information from outsiders. Still, business growth means more computers, more laptops and more mobile phones—and more network endpoints means more security vulnerabilities and more opportunities for a small oversight to turn into a major data breach. Financial data breaches can spell disaster, especially for small businesses that have fewer resources to allocate toward proactive security measures and fraud prevention. To help out, we've outlined five steps that you can take to maximize your financial data protection in 2018. Take Inventory of Your Sensitive Financial Data The first step to effective financial data protection is to identify the data that is more important to protect. Your full assessment should answer the following questions: What data do I need to secure? What computers, servers, laptops, networks, or other devices is the information stored on? What devices can be used to access the data? What roles/titles will have permission to view the data? The best way to start enhancing data security is by restricting access. Isolate or segregate the data onto the fewest number of devices possible, and make it accessible to the fewest number of people. Conduct thorough background checks and ask for references when hiring employees that will come into contact with financial data. Implement Effective Password Controls Passwords are an important security measure used to prevent unauthorized users from accessing company laptops, e-mail accounts and other resources that could contain sensitive financial information. Password controls are a set of imposed guidelines for how your staff should set up the passwords that they use to access your sensitive data. Typical password controls include: Ensuring that passwords are long enough and that they contain a mixture of upper and lower-case letters, numbers and symbols. As passwords get longer, they become exponentially harder to hack by brute force. Hackers use all kinds of tricks to try and guess passwords—writing software that guesses dictionary words or combinations of words from the dictionary, or that guesses birth dates formatted in different ways. Passwords should be 10-12 characters long. Ensuring that passwords are changed on a regular basis, at least every 90 days for passwords used to access sensitive financial data. Ensuring that each individual user is assigned one username and password, and that login credentials are never shared. Protect Your Network with a Firewall Companies storing and transmitting financial data on an internal network should implement a firewall. A firewall is a hardware or software security device that monitors all incoming and outgoing network traffic and uses predefined security guidelines to determine whether it should be allowed or blocked. Firewalls establish a barrier between your trusted internal network and unauthorized external actors that might try to access or attack it. You may want to hire a cyber security expert who can help customize your firewall to your unique circumstances and advise you on how to address other potential network security threats. Look Out for Phishing Scams Sometimes, fraudsters don't have to gain access to your systems using technological means to attack your company financially. E-mail phishing scams can fool your unsuspecting employees in the worst ways—entering their login information into a fake portal, or opening a malicious program that steals sensitive information from their inbox, copies their contact list, and forwards malicious e-mails to others. Employees need to be educated about the most current fraud and phishing scams and how to avoid them. They should be instructed only to access sensitive data from a secured network, using their company device, and only through the prescribed channels—never by clicking a link in a newly received e-mail. Employees should never open unexpected e-mail attachments, and should report all suspicious e-mails to the company's IT department. Use Data Encryption Encryption is the translation of stored data into a secret code, ensuring that only someone with the encryption key can decrypt the data and use it for its intended purpose. Encrypting stored data acts as an insurance policy in case the data is ever lost or stolen. If a hacker or thief gets their hands on properly encrypted data, chances are they still won't be able to access any meaningful information that can be used to harm you, your company, or your customers. You can also use encryption to reduce the vulnerability of network endpoints like computers and mobile phones. Mobile phones should be encrypted, and you should be able to wipe them remotely in case one is ever lost or stolen. Encryption can be used to encode the data on a computer hard drive, preventing anyone from reading it who doesn't have access to the encryption key. Summary Organizations can maximize their financial data protection by implementing the right proactive policies and procedures, even without a large investment in security measures. Organizations should start by taking an inventory of their financial data, understanding how it is stored and accessed, and restricting that access exclusively to those who need it. Implementing stringent password controls and investing in network security devices like a firewall can significantly reduce the risk of a data breach. Further, employees should be trained to avoid unknown links and e-mail attachments, and report any suspected phishing scams to your IT department. Finally, stored financial data can be further secured through encryption, reducing the likelihood that the data could be used for harm even if it were stolen.
Delivery (Key)BoyNo timestamp info...
Introduction Below we've outlined the delivery phase of some recent attacks by KeyBoy, a group of attackers believed to operate out of China. They were first identified in 2013 targeting governments and NGOs in South East Asia. Their primary targeting continues to this day, though they have also been known to target more diverse victims such as the energy sector. Malware Delivery through Open Source Exploit Kits KeyBoy sent the following email to India's Ambassador to Ethiopia from an email address at nic[.]in, India's National Informatics Centre. The file f43f60b62002d0700ccbcbd9334520b6 The attached malicious document downloads and executes a script that installs the final payload: This script contains text (eg; "<component id='giffile'>" ) which matches a pre-packed version of the popular CVE-2017-0199 exploit available on GitHub. We've seen other malicious documents where KeyBoy have tested another exploit generator. In that case KeyBoy didn't change the default settings so the document meta-data provides some obvious hints that the document is malicious: Delivered Malware The next stage in these attacks is typically a malware family known as TSSL. This malware originally identified by PwC and more recently described by Trend Micro and CitizenLab. Most samples are built on the attackers machine from the location: D:\Work\... Though the build path of a recent sample seems to indicate the attackers are having problems bypassing Symantec antivirus, and is built from: C:\Users\CN_ide\Desktop\TSSL_v3.2.7_BypassSymantec_20180528\TClient\Release\FakeRun.pdb Delivering Android Malware We've also noted continued infections of the Titan Android malware associated with Keyboy, originally identified by LookOut. The source of the files that we have managed to identify is old - and seems to date back to a user named Textplus0012 posting malicious APK files on a Taiwanese site (apk.tw) for downloading Android applications: The user textplus0012 on apk.tw This user stopped posting the malicious files in 2015. It is unclear where samples of Titan were delivered from after this. Detection AlienVault Agent Detections The AlienVault Agent is a lightweight, adaptable endpoint agent based on osquery and maintained by AlienVault. The AlienVault Agent detects the following malicious activity during the attacks: Suspicious Process Created by Microsoft Office Application Powershell Process Created by Scripting Executable Suspicious PowerShell Arguments PowerShell process with suspicious arguments and network activity Network Detection ETPRO INFO DYNAMIC_DNS Query to a *.dynamic-dns.net Domain Appendix A concise set of indicators are included below, a fuller list is available in the OTX Pulse. File-Hashes 91dfd19376574039bc80f3af5de341dd8927993ceb5dbb269c375c150a2c3e20 831c3c40cc3fbc28b1ce1eca6bf278602c088f0580d6bdf324ef949c7d48a707 c6c3678d8e6f715eda700eec776f75d1b733cab9757813cff4e206581ed8349f f83562853dc530a609ed866b375ac725599d7a927281e9d6f2e46f481e3eb292 Fdb85d3f08eb70f0d2171d8bd348574139f63f31a788d2ff1b2a28aca6066345 bf5ee65c6f9523923f6da2eead2a01698857d5fecae661a109b81409c18c0b6b 7bf4fd019411075a5d98cf966516af3ddb7b007c1b9146c264ce2e4a1572e5e8 Domains from recent campaigns muonline.dns04[.]com microword.itemdb[.]com office.otzo[.]com moffice.mrface[.]com offlce.dnset[.]com microsoftofice.zyns[.]com online.ezua[.]com mutecider[.]com - See report by ClearSkySec alibabacloud.zzux[.]com alibabacloud.wikaba[.]com alibabacloud.dynamic-dns[.]net bookmarklies[.]com manager-goog1e[.]com hellomyanmar[.]info URLs http://moffice.mrface[.]com/office.sct http://offlce.dnset[.]com/office.sct Yara Rules rule keyboy_mobile_titan { meta: author = "AlienVault Labs" copyright = "Alienvault Inc. 2018" license = "Apache License, Version 2.0" sha256 = "5acc64f814cc06db5e5cc56784607ddfa95e3e45170002a210c807857d48a1b0" strings: $string_1 = "titans.action.GLOBAL_ACTION" $string_2 = "titans.action.LOCATION_ACTION" $string_3 = "titans.action.PHONE_RECORD_ACTION" condition: all of them } rule keyboy_document_ppsx_sct { meta: author = "AlienVault Labs" copyright = "Alienvault Inc. 2018" license = "Apache License, Version 2.0" description = "Matches on compressed sub-file" sha256 = "831c3c40cc3fbc28b1ce1eca6bf278602c088f0580d6bdf324ef949c7d48a707" strings: $string_1 = "<vt:lpstr>script:http://" $string_2 = ".sct\" TargetMode=\"External\"/></Relationships>" condition: any of them } Additional Yara rules are available from Citizen Lab and Florian Roth.
AlienVault at SpiceWorld 2018 this Week!No timestamp info...
SpiceWorld is taking place next week in Austin, TX! For those unfamiliar, the event is Spiceworks' yearly conference for IT pros and bacon lovers. The AlienVault team is ready to meet and greet their favorite SpiceHeads, new and old, at the Austin Convention Center, October 8th-10th! The conference features educational IT sessions, networking opportunities and a two-day expo with welcome reception on Monday evening packed with exhibitors showcasing the latest in information technology solutions! Visit us at Booth #10! Visit booth #10 located near the middle of the expo hall floor! Back by popular demand, we're bringing back the SpiceHeads' favorite Alien swag this year – flashy green sunglasses, and yummy cosmic slushies! We are also participating in the Passport to Prizes program again, so be sure to stop by the booth to get a stamp, meet the AlienVault team and learn about the AlienVault Threat Alerts in Spiceworks, which is a free tool! Learn how to quickly identify and respond to potential threats in your environment with threat alerts, and take a deeper dive with a demo of our USM Anywhere product. It's the ONLY security solution that automates threat hunting everywhere modern threats appear: endpoints, cloud, and on-premises environments – all from one unified platform. Attend "Realities of the Digital Transformation: How to Address the Threats We Face Today" Join Jaime Blasco, VP and Chief Scientist of AlienVault, an AT&T Company, Todd Waskelis, AVP, AT&T Security Solutions, and Spiceworks (moderator) on Tuesday, October 9th from 2:15pm-3:15pm in 17AB for this informative session. We're looking forward to seeing you all in Austin!
Things I Hearted this Week: 5th Oct 2018No timestamp info...
There was no update last week because I was in Dallas for the AT&T Business Summit which was a great event. Chuck Brooks wrote a detailed post on his experience, while I made a couple of videos charting my time. But enough of that, lets see what went down in the world of security over these last few days. Facebook breach One of the biggest stories in these past few days must be the Facebook breach. The company issues a security update on September 28th which led with the facts, On the afternoon of Tuesday, September 25, our engineering team discovered a security issue affecting almost 50 million accounts. We're taking this incredibly seriously and wanted to let everyone know what's happened and the immediate action we've taken to protect people's security. At this stage, there are probably more questions than answers and it's likely this is one story that will play out for a long time. The ultimate fallout from the Facebook data breach could be massive | Help Net Security Facebook faces $1.6 billion fine as top EU regulator officially opens probe into data breach | CNBC What we still don't know about the Facebook breach | The Verge The Facebook security meltdown exposes way more sites than Facebook | Wired Local file inclusion at IKEA.com Flatpack vulnerabilities now available in this great writeup by Jonathan Bouman. Local file inclusion at IKEA | Medium / Jonathan Bouman Out of office notices for OSINT A nice reminder by Stuart Coulson on the perils of out of office notifications, and how they can divulge a lot more than you'd want to anyone. Out Of Office notices for OSINT | HiddenText While you're on the HiddenText site, check out, Seven types of cyber criminals : 2018 version Put ads down your Pi-Hole Nobody really likes ads when they're browsing online. So, they sometimes revert to using adblockers. But there are some issues with those as well. Surely, in an industry full of clever tech people, hackers, and tinkerers, there is a better way - enter Pi-hole. Self-described as a black hole for internet ads, it is basically a mini DNS server you run on a Raspberry Pi in your local network through which your traffic goes and then blacklists any malicious domains. Both Scott Helme and Troy Hunt have detailed write ups on how to get it installed and running. Mmm… Pi-hole… | Troy Hunt Securing DNS across all of my devices with Pi-Hole + DNS-over-HTTPS + 18.104.22.168 | Scott Helme Bupa fined £175k International health insurance business Bupa has been fined £175,000 after a staffer tried to sell more than half a million customers' personal information on the dark web. The miscreant was able to access Bupa's CRM system SWAN, which holds records on 1.5 million people, generate and send bulk data reports on 547,000 Bupa Global customers to his personal email account. The information – which included names, dates of birth, email addresses, nationalities and administrative info on the policy, but not medical details – was then found for sale on AlphaBay Market before it was shut down last year. Health insurer Bupa fined £175k after staffer tried to sell customer data on dark web souk | The Register Hiding Bash history Robin Wood has helped answer the question many have undoubtedly thought when running commands on a Linux box, that the bash history will be logging everything you run. Another useful tip by the man known as DigiNinja. Hiding from Bash history | Digi Ninja The A-Z of security threats 2018 Davey Winder talks to industry experts around the whole gamut of cyber hazards that have emerged so far in 2018. The A-Z of security threats 2018 | ITPRO Random things that caught my interest this week "Useless" products can actually spell independence | Vox Email Is Making You Terrible at Your Job, and You Should Ignore It More | Inverse You Have to Stop Canceling and Rescheduling Things. Really. | HBR
Top Five MITRE ATT&CK Framework Use CasesNo timestamp info...
What is the MITRE ATT&CK? The MITRE ATT&CK framework is abuzz in the cybersecurity industry lately, and its utility has a lot of professionals excited. The ATT&CK framework predecessor was the Cyber Kill Chain developed by Lockheed-Martin in 2011. ATT&CK incorporates what MITRE calls Tactics and Techniques to describe adversarial actions and behaviors. Techniques are specific actions an attacker might take, and tactics are phases of attacker behavior. At Threatcare, we've watch the steady adoption of the ATT&CK framework over the years. We've also seen innovative cybersecurity professionals use the framework in ways that have surprised the MITRE team. ATT&CK incorporates the 11 Tactics listed below, and each Tactic has numerous Techniques. MITRE ATT&CK Tactics: Initial Access Execution Persistence Privilege Escalation Defense Evasion Credential Access Discovery Lateral Movement Collection Exfiltration Command and Control Top Five Use Cases (in no particular order) - Red Team There have been several attempts to standardize Red Team tactics and techniques for years. The ATT&CK framework doesn't address everything a red team should do but is a major step in the right direction. The framework has standardized the terminology used among Red Teamers, helping make Red Teams more effective, especially across large organizations. Red teams also have the ability to carry out real-world scenarios using ATT&CK as a guide, making both training and operations more effective. - Blue Team On the defense side of the house, the ATT&CK framework helps Blue Teams better understand what attackers are doing in a concise, comprehensive way. This allows them to better determine what mitigation to put in place on the network. And, as with Red Teams, ATT&CK can act as a standardized method for training. - Vendor Bake-Offs Until recently, there wasn't a standardized way to evaluate security products. Now, with ATT&CK, organizations can test security products in a structured, methodical way. Additionally, certain products are aligned to the ATT&CK Tactics, giving organizations visibility into potential overspending on products that have the same basic functionality. For instance, DLP should prevent Exfiltration Tactics, and Proxies should prevent Delivery Tactics. But do they successfully do this? And which vendor does it better? - Breach and Attack Simulation (BAS) If you're not familiar with BAS, check out a primer on it here. Although BAS is a new category of cybersecurity tools, the ATT&CK framework has validated its need. Similarly to vendor bake-offs as mentioned above, MITRE ATT&CK can help your organization determine which BAS tool to implement. At Threatcare, we've built ATT&CK Tactics and Techniques into our products and have been working closely with their team to ensure alignment. Learn more about Threatcare here. - Remediation of Security Gaps Given all of the above information, it should hopefully come as no surprise that your organization can build a solid understanding of how it can detect and defend its networks by comprehensively testing against the ATT&CK Tactics and Techniques. More insight into attacker behavior means better remediation of gaps and operational capabilities. Conclusion At the end of the day, cybersecurity is all about reducing risk. Some people are skeptical about ATT&CK, and I get it. It's not intended to be a silver bullet, but it does provide some much-needed structure for cybersecurity professionals to more effectively do their jobs.
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Google Online Security BlogThe latest news and insights from Google on security and safety on the Internet.
Last feed update: Tuesday October 16th, 2018 03:05:41 PM
Modernizing Transport SecurityMonday October 15th, 2018 04:28:01 PM
Posted by David Benjamin, Chrome networkingTLS (Transport Layer Security) is the protocol which secures HTTPS. It has a long history stretching back to the nearly twenty-year-old TLS 1.0 and its even older predecessor, SSL. Over that time, we have learned a lot about how to build secure protocols.TLS 1.2 was published ten years ago to address weaknesses in TLS 1.0 and 1.1 and has enjoyed wide adoption since then. Today only 0.5% of HTTPS connections made by Chrome use TLS 1.0 or 1.1. These old versions of TLS rely on MD5 and SHA-1, both now broken, and contain other flaws. TLS 1.0 is no longer PCI-DSS compliant and the TLS working group has adopted a document to deprecate TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1.In line with these industry standards, Google Chrome will deprecate TLS 1.0 and TLS 1.1 in Chrome 72. Sites using these versions will begin to see deprecation warnings in the DevTools console in that release. TLS 1.0 and 1.1 will be disabled altogether in Chrome 81. This will affect users on early release channels starting January 2020.Site administrators should immediately enable TLS 1.2 or later. Depending on server software (such as Apache or nginx), this may be a configuration change or a software update. Additionally, we encourage all sites to revisit their TLS configuration. Chrome's current criteria for modern TLS is the following:TLS 1.2 or later.An ECDHE- and AEAD-based cipher suite. AEAD-based cipher suites are those using AES-GCM or ChaCha20-Poly1305. ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 is the recommended option for most sites.The server signature should use SHA-2. Note this is not the signature in the certificate, made by the CA. Rather, it is the signature made by the server itself, using its private key.The older options—CBC-mode cipher suites, RSA-encryption key exchange, and SHA-1 online signatures—all have known cryptographic flaws. Each has been removed in the newly-published TLS 1.3, which is supported in Chrome 70. We retain them at prior versions for compatibility with legacy servers, but we will be evaluating them over time for eventual deprecation.None of these changes require obtaining a new certificate. Additionally, they are backwards-compatible. Where necessary, servers may enable both modern and legacy options, to continue to support legacy clients. Note, however, such support may carry security risks. (For example, see the DROWN, FREAK, and ROBOT attacks.)Over the coming Chrome releases, we will improve the DevTools Security Panel to point out deviations from these settings, and suggest improvements to the site's configuration.Enterprise deployments can preview the TLS 1.0 and 1.1 removal today by setting the SSLVersionMin policy to "tls1.2". For enterprise deployments that need more time, this same policy can be used to re-enable TLS 1.0 or TLS 1.1 until January 2021.
Google and Android have your back by protecting your backupsFriday October 12th, 2018 08:01:32 PM
Posted by Troy Kensinger, Technical Program Manager, Android Security and PrivacyAndroid is all about choice. As such, Android strives to provide users many options to protect their data. By combining Android's Backup Service and Google Cloud's Titan Technology, Android has taken additional steps to securing users' data while maintaining their privacy.Starting in Android Pie, devices can take advantage of a new capability where backed-up application data can only be decrypted by a key that is randomly generated at the client. This decryption key is encrypted using the user's lockscreen PIN/pattern/passcode, which isn't known by Google. Then, this passcode-protected key material is encrypted to a Titan security chip on our datacenter floor. The Titan chip is configured to only release the backup decryption key when presented with a correct claim derived from the user's passcode. Because the Titan chip must authorize every access to the decryption key, it can permanently block access after too many incorrect attempts at guessing the user's passcode, thus mitigating brute force attacks. The limited number of incorrect attempts is strictly enforced by a custom Titan firmware that cannot be updated without erasing the contents of the chip. By design, this means that no one (including Google) can access a user's backed-up application data without specifically knowing their passcode.To increase our confidence that this new technology securely prevents anyone from accessing users' backed-up application data, the Android Security & Privacy team hired global cyber security and risk mitigation expert NCC Group to complete a security audit. Some of the outcomes included positives around Google's security design processes, validation of code quality, and that mitigations for known attack vectors were already taken into account prior to launching the service. While there were some issues discovered during this audit, engineers corrected them quickly. For more details on how the end-to-end service works and a detailed report of NCC Group's findings, click here.Getting external reviews of our security efforts is one of many ways that Google and Android maintain transparency and openness which in turn helps users feel safe when it comes to their data. Whether it's 100s of hours of gaming data or your personalized preferences in your favorite Google apps, our users' information is protected.We want to acknowledge contributions from Shabsi Walfish, Software Engineering Lead, Identity and Authentication to this effort
Control Flow Integrity in the Android kernelFriday October 12th, 2018 01:28:00 PM
Posted by Sami Tolvanen, Staff Software Engineer, Android Security & Privacy[Cross-posted from the Android Developers Blog]Android's security model is enforced by the Linux kernel, which makes it a tempting target for attackers. We have put a lot of effort into hardening the kernel in previous Android releases and in Android 9, we continued this work by focusing on compiler-based security mitigations against code reuse attacks. Google's Pixel 3 will be the first Android device to ship with LLVM's forward-edge Control Flow Integrity (CFI) enforcement in the kernel, and we have made CFI support available in Android kernel versions 4.9 and 4.14. This post describes how kernel CFI works and provides solutions to the most common issues developers might run into when enabling the feature. Protecting against code reuse attacksA common method of exploiting the kernel is using a bug to overwrite a function pointer stored in memory, such as a stored callback pointer or a return address that had been pushed to the stack. This allows an attacker to execute arbitrary parts of the kernel code to complete their exploit, even if they cannot inject executable code of their own. This method of gaining code execution is particularly popular with the kernel because of the huge number of function pointers it uses, and the existing memory protections that make code injection more challenging. CFI attempts to mitigate these attacks by adding additional checks to confirm that the kernel's control flow stays within a precomputed graph. This doesn't prevent an attacker from changing a function pointer if a bug provides write access to one, but it significantly restricts the valid call targets, which makes exploiting such a bug more difficult in practice. Figure 1. In an Android device kernel, LLVM's CFI limits 55% of indirect calls to at most 5 possible targets and 80% to at most 20 targets.Gaining full program visibility with Link Time Optimization (LTO)In order to determine all valid call targets for each indirect branch, the compiler needs to see all of the kernel code at once. Traditionally, compilers work on a single compilation unit (source file) at a time and leave merging the object files to the linker. LLVM's solution to CFI is to require the use of LTO, where the compiler produces LLVM-specific bitcode for all C compilation units, and an LTO-aware linker uses the LLVM back-end to combine the bitcode and compile it into native code. Figure 2. A simplified overview of how LTO works in the kernel. All LLVM bitcode is combined, optimized, and generated into native code at link time.Linux has used the GNU toolchain for assembling, compiling, and linking the kernel for decades. While we continue to use the GNU assembler for stand-alone assembly code, LTO requires us to switch to LLVM's integrated assembler for inline assembly, and either GNU gold or LLVM's own lld as the linker. Switching to a relatively untested toolchain on a huge software project will lead to compatibility issues, which we have addressed in our arm64 LTO patch sets for kernel versions 4.9 and 4.14. In addition to making CFI possible, LTO also produces faster code due to global optimizations. However, additional optimizations often result in a larger binary size, which may be undesirable on devices with very limited resources. Disabling LTO-specific optimizations, such as global inlining and loop unrolling, can reduce binary size by sacrificing some of the performance gains. When using GNU gold, the aforementioned optimizations can be disabled with the following additions to LDFLAGS: LDFLAGS += -plugin-opt=-inline-threshold=0 \ -plugin-opt=-unroll-threshold=0Note that flags to disable individual optimizations are not part of the stable LLVM interface and may change in future compiler versions. Implementing CFI in the Linux kernelLLVM's CFI implementation adds a check before each indirect branch to confirm that the target address points to a valid function with a correct signature. This prevents an indirect branch from jumping to an arbitrary code location and even limits the functions that can be called. As C compilers do not enforce similar restrictions on indirect branches, there were several CFI violations due to function type declaration mismatches even in the core kernel that we have addressed in our CFI patch sets for kernels 4.9 and 4.14. Kernel modules add another complication to CFI, as they are loaded at runtime and can be compiled independently from the rest of the kernel. In order to support loadable modules, we have implemented LLVM's cross-DSO CFI support in the kernel, including a CFI shadow that speeds up cross-module look-ups. When compiled with cross-DSO support, each kernel module contains information about valid local branch targets, and the kernel looks up information from the correct module based on the target address and the modules' memory layout. Figure 3. An example of a cross-DSO CFI check injected into an arm64 kernel. Type information is passed in X0 and the target address to validate in X1.CFI checks naturally add some overhead to indirect branches, but due to more aggressive optimizations, our tests show that the impact is minimal, and overall system performance even improved 1-2% in many cases. Enabling kernel CFI for an Android deviceCFI for arm64 requires clang version >= 5.0 and binutils >= 2.27. The kernel build system also assumes that the LLVMgold.so plug-in is available in LD_LIBRARY_PATH. Pre-built toolchain binaries for clang and binutils are available in AOSP, but upstream binaries can also be used. The following kernel configuration options are needed to enable kernel CFI: CONFIG_LTO_CLANG=yCONFIG_CFI_CLANG=yUsing CONFIG_CFI_PERMISSIVE=y may also prove helpful when debugging a CFI violation or during device bring-up. This option turns a violation into a warning instead of a kernel panic. As mentioned in the previous section, the most common issue we ran into when enabling CFI on Pixel 3 were benign violations caused by function pointer type mismatches. When the kernel runs into such a violation, it prints out a runtime warning that contains the call stack at the time of the failure, and the call target that failed the CFI check. Changing the code to use a correct function pointer type fixes the issue. While we have fixed all known indirect branch type mismatches in the Android kernel, similar problems may be still found in device specific drivers, for example. CFI failure (target: [<fffffff3e83d4d80>] my_target_function+0x0/0xd80):------------[ cut here ]------------kernel BUG at kernel/cfi.c:32!Internal error: Oops - BUG: 0 [#1] PREEMPT SMP…Call trace:…[<ffffff8752d00084>] handle_cfi_failure+0x20/0x28[<ffffff8752d00268>] my_buggy_function+0x0/0x10…Figure 4. An example of a kernel panic caused by a CFI failure.Another potential pitfall are address space conflicts, but this should be less common in driver code. LLVM's CFI checks only understand kernel virtual addresses and any code that runs at another exception level or makes an indirect call to a physical address will result in a CFI violation. These types of failures can be addressed by disabling CFI for a single function using the __nocfi attribute, or even disabling CFI for entire code files using the $(DISABLE_CFI) compiler flag in the Makefile. static int __nocfi address_space_conflict(){ void (*fn)(void); …/* branching to a physical address trips CFI w/o __nocfi */ fn = (void *)__pa_symbol(function_name); cpu_install_idmap(); fn(); cpu_uninstall_idmap(); …}Figure 5. An example of fixing a CFI failure caused by an address space conflict.Finally, like many hardening features, CFI can also be tripped by memory corruption errors that might otherwise result in random kernel crashes at a later time. These may be more difficult to debug, but memory debugging tools such as KASAN can help here. ConclusionWe have implemented support for LLVM's CFI in Android kernels 4.9 and 4.14. Google's Pixel 3 will be the first Android device to ship with these protections, and we have made the feature available to all device vendors through the Android common kernel. If you are shipping a new arm64 device running Android 9, we strongly recommend enabling kernel CFI to help protect against kernel vulnerabilities. LLVM's CFI protects indirect branches against attackers who manage to gain access to a function pointer stored in kernel memory. This makes a common method of exploiting the kernel more difficult. Our future work involves also protecting function return addresses from similar attacks using LLVM's Shadow Call Stack, which will be available in an upcoming compiler release.
Trustworthy Chrome Extensions, by DefaultMonday October 1st, 2018 06:51:06 PM
Android and Google Play Security Rewards Programs surpass $3M in payoutsThursday September 20th, 2018 04:44:05 PM
table, th, td { border: 1px solid black; } td { width:100px; } Posted by Jason Woloz and Mayank Jain, Android Security & Privacy Team[Cross-posted from the Android Developers Blog]Our Android and Play security reward programs help us work with top researchers from around the world to improve Android ecosystem security every day. Thank you to all the amazing researchers who submitted vulnerability reports. Android Security RewardsIn the ASR program's third year, we received over 470 qualifying vulnerability reports from researchers and the average pay per researcher jumped by 23%. To date, the ASR program has rewarded researchers with over $3M, paying out roughly $1M per year. Here are some of the highlights from the Android Security Rewards program's third year: There were no payouts for our highest possible reward: a complete remote exploit chain leading to TrustZone or Verified Boot compromise. 99 individuals contributed one or more fixes. The ASR program's reward averages were $2,600 per reward and $12,500 per researcher. Guang Gong received our highest reward amount to date: $105,000 for his submission of a remote exploit chain. As part of our ongoing commitment to security we regularly update our programs and policies based on ecosystem feedback. We also updated our severity guidelines for evaluating the impact of reported security vulnerabilities against the Android platform. Google Play Security RewardsIn October 2017, we rolled out the Google Play Security Reward Program to encourage security research into popular Android apps available on Google Play. So far, researchers have reported over 30 vulnerabilities through the program, earning a combined bounty amount of over $100K. If undetected, these vulnerabilities could have potentially led to elevation of privilege, access to sensitive data and remote code execution on devices. Keeping devices secureIn addition to rewarding for vulnerabilities, we continue to work with the broad and diverse Android ecosystem to protect users from issues reported through our program. We collaborate with manufacturers to ensure that these issues are fixed on their devices through monthly security updates. Over 250 device models have a majority of their deployed devices running a security update from the last 90 days. This table shows the models with a majority of deployed devices running a security update from the last three months: ManufacturerDeviceANSL50AsusZenFone 5Z (ZS620KL/ZS621KL), ZenFone Max Plus M1 (ZB570TL), ZenFone 4 Pro (ZS551KL), ZenFone 5 (ZE620KL), ZenFone Max M1 (ZB555KL), ZenFone 4 (ZE554KL), ZenFone 4 Selfie Pro (ZD552KL), ZenFone 3 (ZE552KL), ZenFone 3 Zoom (ZE553KL), ZenFone 3 (ZE520KL), ZenFone 3 Deluxe (ZS570KL), ZenFone 4 Selfie (ZD553KL), ZenFone Live L1 (ZA550KL), ZenFone 5 Lite (ZC600KL), ZenFone 3s Max (ZC521TL)BlackBerryBlackBerry MOTION, BlackBerry KEY2BluGrand XL LTE, Vivo ONE, R2_3G, Grand_M2, BLU STUDIO J8 LTEbqAquaris V Plus, Aquaris V, Aquaris U2 Lite, Aquaris U2, Aquaris X, Aquaris X2, Aquaris X Pro, Aquaris U Plus, Aquaris X5 Plus, Aquaris U lite, Aquaris UDocomoF-04K, F-05J, F-03HEssential ProductsPH-1FujitsuF-01KGeneral MobileGM8, GM8 GoGooglePixel 2 XL, Pixel 2, Pixel XL, PixelHTCU12+, HTC U11+HuaweiHonor Note10, nova 3, nova 3i, Huawei Nova 3I, 荣耀9i, 华为G9青春版, Honor Play, G9青春版, P20 Pro, Honor V9, huawei nova 2, P20 lite, Honor 10, Honor 8 Pro, Honor 6X, Honor 9, nova 3e, P20, PORSCHE DESIGN HUAWEI Mate RS, FRD-L02, HUAWEI Y9 2018, Huawei Nova 2, Honor View 10, HUAWEI P20 Lite, Mate 9 Pro, Nexus 6P, HUAWEI Y5 2018, Honor V10, Mate 10 Pro, Mate 9, Honor 9, Lite, 荣耀9青春版, nova 2i, HUAWEI nova 2 Plus, P10 lite, nova 青春版本, FIG-LX1, HUAWEI G Elite Plus, HUAWEI Y7 2018, Honor 7S, HUAWEI P smart, P10, Honor 7C, 荣耀8青春版, HUAWEI Y7 Prime 2018, P10 Plus, 荣耀畅玩7X, HUAWEI Y6 2018, Mate 10 lite, Honor 7A, P9 Plus, 华为畅享8, honor 6x, HUAWEI P9 lite mini, HUAWEI GR5 2017, Mate 10ItelP13KyoceraX3LanixAlpha_950, Ilium X520LavaZ61, Z50LGELG Q7+, LG G7 ThinQ, LG Stylo 4, LG K30, V30+, LG V35 ThinQ, Stylo 2 V, LG K20 V, ZONE4, LG Q7, DM-01K, Nexus 5X, LG K9, LG K11MotorolaMoto Z Play Droid, moto g(6) plus, Moto Z Droid, Moto X (4), Moto G Plus (5th Gen), Moto Z (2) Force, Moto G (5S) Plus, Moto G (5) Plus, moto g(6) play, Moto G (5S), moto e5 play, moto e(5) play, moto e(5) cruise, Moto E4, Moto Z Play, Moto G (5th Gen)NokiaNokia 8, Nokia 7 plus, Nokia 6.1, Nokia 8 Sirocco, Nokia X6, Nokia 3.1OnePlusOnePlus 6, OnePlus5T, OnePlus3T, OnePlus5, OnePlus3OppoCPH1803, CPH1821, CPH1837, CPH1835, CPH1819, CPH1719, CPH1613, CPH1609, CPH1715, CPH1861, CPH1831, CPH1801, CPH1859, A83, R9s PlusPositivoTwist, Twist MiniSamsungGalaxy A8 Star, Galaxy J7 Star, Galaxy Jean, Galaxy On6, Galaxy Note9, Galaxy J3 V, Galaxy A9 Star, Galaxy J7 V, Galaxy S8 Active, Galaxy Wide3, Galaxy J3 Eclipse, Galaxy S9+, Galaxy S9, Galaxy A9 Star Lite, Galaxy J7 Refine, Galaxy J7 Max, Galaxy Wide2, Galaxy J7(2017), Galaxy S8+, Galaxy S8, Galaxy A3(2017), Galaxy Note8, Galaxy A8+(2018), Galaxy J3 Top, Galaxy J3 Emerge, Galaxy On Nxt, Galaxy J3 Achieve, Galaxy A5(2017), Galaxy J2(2016), Galaxy J7 Pop, Galaxy A6, Galaxy J7 Pro, Galaxy A6 Plus, Galaxy Grand Prime Pro, Galaxy J2 (2018), Galaxy S6 Active, Galaxy A8(2018), Galaxy J3 Pop, Galaxy J3 Mission, Galaxy S6 edge+, Galaxy Note Fan Edition, Galaxy J7 Prime, Galaxy A5(2016)Sharpシンプルスマホ4, AQUOS sense plus (SH-M07), AQUOS R2 SH-03K, X4, AQUOS R SH-03J, AQUOS R2 SHV42, X1, AQUOS sense lite (SH-M05)SonyXperia XZ2 Premium, Xperia XZ2 Compact, Xperia XA2, Xperia XA2 Ultra, Xperia XZ1 Compact, Xperia XZ2, Xperia XZ Premium, Xperia XZ1, Xperia L2, Xperia XTecnoF1, CAMON I AceVestelVestel Z20Vivovivo 1805, vivo 1803, V9 6GB, Y71, vivo 1802, vivo Y85A, vivo 1726, vivo 1723, V9, vivo 1808, vivo 1727, vivo 1724, vivo X9s Plus, Y55s, vivo 1725, Y66, vivo 1714, 1609, 1601VodafoneVodafone Smart N9XiaomiMi A2, Mi A2 Lite, MI 8, MI 8 SE, MIX 2S, Redmi 6Pro, Redmi Note 5 Pro, Redmi Note 5, Mi A1, Redmi S2, MI MAX 2, MI 6XZTEBLADE A6 MAXThank you to everyone internally and externally who helped make Android safer and stronger in the past year. Together, we made a huge investment in security research that helps Android users everywhere. If you want to get involved to make next year even better, check out our detailed program rules. For tips on how to submit complete reports, see Bug Hunter University.
Introducing the Tink cryptographic software libraryFriday August 31st, 2018 08:00:58 PM
Posted by Thai Duong, Information Security Engineer, on behalf of Tink teamAt Google, many product teams use cryptographic techniques to protect user data. In cryptography, subtle mistakes can have serious consequences, and understanding how to implement cryptography correctly requires digesting decades' worth of academic literature. Needless to say, many developers don't have time for that.To help our developers ship secure cryptographic code we've developed Tink—a multi-language, cross-platform cryptographic library. We believe in open source and want Tink to become a community project—thus Tink has been available on GitHub since the early days of the project, and it has already attracted several external contributors. At Google, Tink is already being used to secure data of many products such as AdMob, Google Pay, Google Assistant, Firebase, the Android Search App, etc. After nearly two years of development, today we're excited to announce Tink 1.2.0, the first version that supports cloud, Android, iOS, and more!Tink aims to provide cryptographic APIs that are secure, easy to use correctly, and hard(er) to misuse. Tink is built on top of existing libraries such as BoringSSL and Java Cryptography Architecture, but includes countermeasures to many weaknesses in these libraries, which were discovered by Project Wycheproof, another project from our team.With Tink, many common cryptographic operations such as data encryption, digital signatures, etc. can be done with only a few lines of code. Here is an example of encrypting and decrypting with our AEAD interface in Java: import com.google.crypto.tink.Aead; import com.google.crypto.tink.KeysetHandle; import com.google.crypto.tink.aead.AeadFactory; import com.google.crypto.tink.aead.AeadKeyTemplates; // 1. Generate the key material. KeysetHandle keysetHandle = KeysetHandle.generateNew( AeadKeyTemplates.AES256_EAX); // 2. Get the primitive. Aead aead = AeadFactory.getPrimitive(keysetHandle); // 3. Use the primitive. byte[] plaintext = ...; byte[] additionalData = ...; byte[] ciphertext = aead.encrypt(plaintext, additionalData);Tink aims to eliminate as many potential misuses as possible. For example, if the underlying encryption mode requires nonces and nonce reuse makes it insecure, then Tink does not allow the user to pass nonces. Interfaces have security guarantees that must be satisfied by each primitive implementing the interface. This may exclude some encryption modes. Rather than adding them to existing interfaces and weakening the guarantees of the interface, it is possible to add new interfaces and describe the security guarantees appropriately.We're cryptographers and security engineers working to improve Google's product security, so we built Tink to make our job easier. Tink shows the claimed security properties (e.g., safe against chosen-ciphertext attacks) right in the interfaces, allowing security auditors and automated tools to quickly discover usages where the security guarantees don't match the security requirements. Tink also isolates APIs for potentially dangerous operations (e.g., loading cleartext keys from disk), which allows discovering, restricting, monitoring and logging their usage.Tink provides support for key management, including key rotation and phasing out deprecated ciphers. For example, if a cryptographic primitive is found to be broken, you can switch to a different primitive by rotating keys, without changing or recompiling code.Tink is also extensible by design: it is easy to add a custom cryptographic scheme or an in-house key management system so that it works seamlessly with other parts of Tink. No part of Tink is hard to replace or remove. All components are composable, and can be selected and assembled in various combinations. For example, if you need only digital signatures, you can exclude symmetric key encryption components to minimize code size in your application.To get started, please check out our HOW-TO for Java, C++ and Obj-C. If you'd like to talk to the developers or get notified about project updates, you may want to subscribe to our mailing list. To join, simply send an empty email to firstname.lastname@example.com. You can also post your questions to StackOverflow, just remember to tag them with tink.We're excited to share this with the community, and welcome your feedback!
Evolution of Android Security UpdatesWednesday August 22nd, 2018 06:59:04 PM
Posted by Dave Kleidermacher, VP, Head of Security - Android, Chrome OS, Play[Cross-posted from the Android Developers Blog]At Google I/O 2018, in our What's New in Android Security session, we shared a brief update on the Android security updates program. With the official release of Android 9 Pie, we wanted to share a more comprehensive update on the state of security updates, including best practice guidance for manufacturers, how we're making Android easier to update, and how we're ensuring compliance to Android security update releases. Commercial Best Practices around Android Security UpdatesAs we noted in our 2017 Android Security Year-in-Review, Android's anti-exploitation strength now leads the mobile industry and has made it exceedingly difficult and expensive to leverage operating system bugs into compromises. Nevertheless, an important defense-in-depth strategy is to ensure critical security updates are delivered in a timely manner. Monthly security updates are the recommended best practice for Android smartphones. We deliver monthly Android source code patches to smartphone manufacturers so they may incorporate those patches into firmware updates. We also deliver firmware updates over-the-air to Pixel devices on a reliable monthly cadence and offer the free use of Google's firmware over-the-air (FOTA) servers to manufacturers. Monthly security updates are also required for devices covered under the Android One program. While monthly security updates are best, at minimum, Android manufacturers should deliver regular security updates in advance of coordinated disclosure of high severity vulnerabilities, published in our Android bulletins. Since the common vulnerability disclosure window is 90 days, updates on a 90-day frequency represents a minimum security hygiene requirement. Enterprise Best PracticesProduct security factors into purchase decisions of enterprises, who often consider device security update cadence, flexibility of policy controls, and authentication features. Earlier this year, we introduced the Android Enterprise Recommended program to help businesses make these decisions. To be listed, Android devices must satisfy numerous requirements, including regular security updates: at least every 90 days, with monthly updates strongly recommended. In addition to businesses, consumers interested in understanding security update practices and commitment may also refer to the Enterprise Recommended list. Making Android Easier to UpdateWe've also been working to make Android easier to update, overall. A key pillar of that strategy is to improve modularity and clarity of interfaces, enabling operating system subsystems to be updated without adversely impacting others. Project Treble is one example of this strategy in action and has enabled devices to update to Android P more easily and efficiently than was possible in previous releases. The modularity strategy applies equally well for security updates, as a framework security update can be performed independently of device specific components. Another part of the strategy involves the extraction of operating system services into user-mode applications that can be updated independently, and sometimes more rapidly, than the base operating system. For example, Google Play services, including secure networking components, and the Chrome browser can be updated individually, just like other Google Play apps. Partner programs are a third key pillar of the updateability strategy. One example is the GMS Express program, in which Google is working closely with system-on-chip (SoC) suppliers to provide monthly pre-integrated and pre-tested Android security updates for SoC reference designs, reducing cost and time to market for delivering them to users. Security Patch Level ComplianceRecently, researchers reported a handful of missing security bug fixes across some Android devices. Initial reports had several inaccuracies, which have since been corrected. We have been developing security update testing systems that are now making compliance failures less likely to occur. In particular, we recently delivered a new testing infrastructure that enables manufacturers to develop and deploy automated tests across lower levels of the firmware stack that were previously relegated to manual testing. In addition, the Android build approval process now includes scanning of device images for specific patterns, reducing the risk of omission. Looking ForwardIn 2017, about a billion Android devices received security updates, representing approximately 30% growth over the preceding year. We continue to work hard devising thoughtful strategies to make Android easier to update by introducing improved processes and programs for the ecosystem. In addition, we are also working to drive increased and more expedient partner adoption of our security update and compliance requirements. As a result, over coming quarters, we expect the largest ever growth in the number of Android devices receiving regular security updates. Bugs are inevitable in all complex software systems, but exploitability of those bugs is not. We're working hard to ensure that the incidence of potentially harmful exploitation of bugs continues to decline, such that the frequency for security updates will reduce, not increase, over time. While monthly security updates represents today's best practice, we see a future in which security updates becomes easier and rarer, while maintaining the same goal to protect all users across all devices.
A reminder about government-backed phishingTuesday August 21st, 2018 12:42:40 AM
Posted by Shane Huntley, Threat Analysis GroupTLDR: Government-backed phishing has been in the news lately. If you receive a warning in Gmail, be sure to take prompt action. Get two-factor authentication on your account. And consider enrolling in the Advanced Protection Program.One of the main threats to all email users (whatever service you use) is phishing, attempts to trick you into providing a password that an attacker can use to sign into your account. Our improving technology has enabled us to significantly decrease the volume of phishing emails that get through to our users. Automated protections, account security (like security keys), and specialized warnings give Gmail users industry-leading security.Beyond phishing for the purposes of fraud, a small minority of users in all corners of the world are still targeted by sophisticated government-backed attackers. These attempts come from dozens of countries. Since 2012, we've shown prominent warnings within Gmail notifying users that they may be targets of these types of phishing attempts; we show thousands of these warnings every month, even if we have blocked the specific attempt.We also send alerts to G Suite administrators if someone in their corporate network may have been the target of government-backed phishing. And we regularly post public advisories to make sure that people are aware of this risk.This is what an account warning looks like; an extremely small fraction of users will ever see one of these, but if you receive this warning from us, it's important to take immediate action on it.We intentionally send these notices in batches to all users who may be at risk, rather than at the moment we detect the threat itself, so that attackers cannot track some of our defense strategies. We have an expert team in our Threat Analysis Group, and we use a variety of technologies to detect these attempts. We also notify law enforcement about what we're seeing; they have additional tools to investigate these attacks.We hope you never receive this type of warning, but if you do, please take action right away to enhance the security of your accounts.Even if you don't receive such a warning, you should enable 2-step verification in Gmail. And if you think you're at particular risk of government-backed phishing, consider enrolling in the Advanced Protection Program, which provides even stronger levels of security.
Expanding our Vulnerability Reward Program to combat platform abuseWednesday August 15th, 2018 04:00:07 PM
Posted by Eric Brown and Marc Henson, Trust & SafetySince 2010, Google's Vulnerability Reward Programs have awarded more than $12 million dollars to researchers and created a thriving Google-focused security community. For the past two years, some of these rewards were for bug reports that were not strictly security vulnerabilities, but techniques that allow third parties to successfully bypass our abuse, fraud, and spam systems.Today, we are expanding our Vulnerability Reward Program to formally invite researchers to submit these reports.This expansion is intended to reward research that helps us mitigate potential abuse methods. A few examples of potentially valid reports for this program could include bypassing our account recovery systems at scale, identifying services vulnerable to brute force attacks, circumventing restrictions on content use and sharing, or purchasing items from Google without paying. Valid reports tend to result in changes to the product's code, as opposed to removal of individual pieces of content.This program does not cover individual instances of abuse, such as the posting of content that violates our guidelines or policies, sending spam emails, or providing links to malware. These should continue to be reported through existing product-specific channels, such as for Google+, YouTube, Gmail, and Blogger.Reports submitted to our Vulnerability Reward Program that outline abuse methods are reviewed by experts on our Trust & Safety team, which specializes in the prevention and mitigation of abuse, fraud, and spam activity on our products.We greatly value our relationship with the research community, and we're excited to expand on it to help make the internet a safer place for everyone. To learn more, see our updated rules.Happy hunting!
Google Public DNS turns 22.214.171.124 years oldSaturday August 11th, 2018 01:31:16 AM
Posted by Alexander Dupuy, Software EngineerOnce upon a time, we launched Google Public DNS, which you might know by its iconic IP address, 220.127.116.11. (Sunday, August 12th, 2018, at 00:30 UTC marks eight years, eight months, eight days and eight hours since the announcement.) Though not as well-known as Google Search or Gmail, the four eights have had quite a journey—and some pretty amazing growth! Whether it's travelers in India's train stations or researchers on the remote Antarctic island Bouvetøya, hundreds of millions of people the world over rely on our free DNS service to turn domain names like wikipedia.org into IP addresses like 188.8.131.52.Google Public DNS query growth and major feature launchesToday, it's estimated that about 10% of internet users rely on 188.8.131.52, and it serves well over a trillion queries per day. But while we're really proud of that growth, what really matters is whether it's a valuable service for our users. Namely, has Google Public DNS made the internet faster for users? Does it safeguard their privacy? And does it help them get to internet sites more reliably and securely?In other words, has 188.8.131.52 made DNS and the internet better as a whole? Here at Google, we think it has. On this numerological anniversary, let's take a look at how Google Public DNS has realized those goals and what lies ahead.Making the internet fasterFrom the start, a key goal of Google Public DNS was to make the internet faster. When we began the project in 2007, Google had already made it faster to search the web, but it could take a while to get to your destination. Back then, most DNS lookups used your ISP's resolvers, and with small caches, they often had to make multiple DNS queries before they could return an address.Google Public DNS resolvers' DNS caches hold tens of billions of entries worldwide. And because hundreds of millions of clients use them every day, they usually return the address for your domain queries without extra lookups, connecting you to the internet that much faster.DNS resolution process for example.orgSpeeding up DNS responses is just one part of making the web faster—getting web content from servers closer to you can have an even bigger impact. Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) distribute large, delay-sensitive content like streaming videos to users around the world. CDNs use DNS to direct users to the nearest servers, and rely on GeoIP maps to determine the best location.Everything's good if your DNS query comes from an ISP resolver that is close to you, but what happens if the resolver is far away, as it is for researchers on Bouvetøya? In that case, the CDN directs you to a server near the DNS resolver—but not the one closest to you. In 2010, along with other DNS and CDN services, we proposed a solution that lets DNS resolvers send part of your IP address in their DNS queries, so CDN name servers can get your best possible GeoIP location (short of sending your entire IP address). By sending only the first three parts of users' IP addresses (e.g. 192.0.2.x) in the EDNS Client Subnet (ECS) extension, CDNs can return the closest content while maintaining user privacy.We continue to enhance ECS, (now published as RFC 7871), for example, by adding automatic detection of name server ECS support. And today, we're happy to report, support for ECS is widespread among CDNs.Safeguarding user privacyFrom day one of our service, we've always been serious about user privacy. Like all Google services, we honor the general Google Privacy Policy, and are guided by Google's Privacy Principles. In addition, Google Public DNS published a privacy practice statement about the information we collect and how it is used—and how it's not used. These protect the privacy of your DNS queries once they arrive at Google, but they can still be seen (and potentially modified) en route to 18.104.22.168.To address this weakness, we launched a public beta of DNS-over-HTTPS on April 1, 2016, embedding your DNS queries in the secure and private HTTPS protocol. Despite the launch date, this was not an April Fool's joke, and in the following two years, it has grown dramatically, with millions of users and support by another major public DNS service. Today, we are working in the IETF and with other DNS operators and clients on the Internet Draft for DNS Queries over HTTPS specification, which we also support.Securing the Domain Name SystemWe've always been very concerned with the integrity and security of the responses that Google Public DNS provides. From the start, we rejected the practice of hijacking nonexistent domain (NXDOMAIN) responses, working to provide users with accurate and honest DNS responses, even when attackers tried to corrupt them.In 2008, Dan Kaminsky publicized a major security weakness in the DNS protocol that left most DNS resolvers vulnerable to spoofing that poisoned their DNS caches. When we launched 220.127.116.11 the following year, we not only used industry best practices to mitigate this vulnerability, but also developed an extensive set of additional protections.While those protected our DNS service from most attackers, they can't help in cases where an attacker can see our queries. Starting in 2010, the internet started to use DNSSEC security in earnest, making it possible to protect cryptographically signed domains against such man-in-the-middle and man-on-the-side attacks. In 2013, Google Public DNS became the first major public DNS resolver to implement DNSSEC validation for all its DNS queries, doubling the percentage of end users protected by DNSSEC from 3.3% to 8.1%.In addition to protecting the integrity of DNS responses, Google Public DNS also works to block DNS denial of service attacks by rate limiting both our queries to name servers and reflection or amplification attacks that try to flood victims' network connections.Internet access for allA big part of Google Public DNS's tremendous growth comes from free public internet services. We make the internet faster for hundreds of these services, from free WiFi in San Francisco's parks to LinkNYC internet kiosk hotspots and the Railtel partnership in India's train stations. In places like Africa and Southeast Asia, many ISPs also use 22.214.171.124 to resolve their users' DNS queries. Providing free DNS resolution to anyone in the world, even to other companies, supports internet access worldwide as a part of Google's Next Billion Users initiative.APNIC Labs map of worldwide usage (Interactive Map)Looking aheadToday, Google Public DNS is the largest public DNS resolver. There are now about a dozen such services providing value-added features like content and malware filtering, and recent entrants Quad9 and Cloudflare also provide privacy for DNS queries over TLS or HTTPS.But recent incidents that used BGP hijacking to attack DNS are concerning. Increasing the adoption and use of DNSSEC is an effective way to protect against such attacks and as the largest DNSSEC validating resolver, we hope we can influence things in that direction. We are also exploring how to improve the security of the path from resolvers to authoritative name servers—issues not currently addressed by other DNS standards.In short, we continue to improve Google Public DNS both behind the scenes and in ways visible to users, adding features that users want from their DNS service. Stay tuned for some exciting Google Public DNS announcements in the near future!
Mitigating Spectre with Site Isolation in ChromeThursday July 19th, 2018 02:44:50 PM
Compiler-based security mitigations in Android PWednesday June 27th, 2018 09:27:03 PM
Posted by Ivan Lozano, Information Security Engineer [Cross-posted from the Android Developers Blog]Android's switch to LLVM/Clang as the default platform compiler in Android 7.0 opened up more possibilities for improving our defense-in-depth security posture. In the past couple of releases, we've rolled out additional compiler-based mitigations to make bugs harder to exploit and prevent certain types of bugs from becoming vulnerabilities. In Android P, we're expanding our existing compiler mitigations, which instrument runtime operations to fail safely when undefined behavior occurs. This post describes the new build system support for Control Flow Integrity and Integer Overflow Sanitization. Control Flow IntegrityA key step in modern exploit chains is for an attacker to gain control of a program's control flow by corrupting function pointers or return addresses. This opens the door to code-reuse attacks where an attacker executes arbitrary portions of existing program code to achieve their goals, such as counterfeit-object-oriented and return-oriented programming. Control Flow Integrity (CFI) describes a set of mitigation technologies that confine a program's control flow to a call graph of valid targets determined at compile-time. While we first supported LLVM's CFI implementation in select components in Android O, we're greatly expanding that support in P. This implementation focuses on preventing control flow manipulation via indirect branches, such as function pointers and virtual functions—the 'forward-edges' of a call graph. Valid branch targets are defined as function entry points for functions with the expected function signature, which drastically reduces the set of allowable destinations an attacker can call. Indirect branches are instrumented to detect runtime violations of the statically determined set of allowable targets. If a violation is detected because a branch points to an unexpected target, then the process safely aborts. Figure 1. Assembly-level comparison of a virtual function call with and without CFI enabled. For example, Figure 1 illustrates how a function that takes an object and calls a virtual function gets translated into assembly with and without CFI. For simplicity, this was compiled with -O0 to prevent compiler optimization. Without CFI enabled, it loads the object's vtable pointer and calls the function at the expected offset. With CFI enabled, it performs a fast-path first check to determine if the pointer falls within an expected range of addresses of compatible vtables. Failing that, execution falls through to a slow path that does a more extensive check for valid classes that are defined in other shared libraries. The slow path will abort execution if the vtable pointer points to an invalid target. With control flow tightly restricted to a small set of legitimate targets, code-reuse attacks become harder to utilize and some memory corruption vulnerabilities become more difficult or even impossible to exploit. In terms of performance impact, LLVM's CFI requires compiling with Link-Time Optimization (LTO). LTO preserves the LLVM bitcode representation of object files until link-time, which allows the compiler to better reason about what optimizations can be performed. Enabling LTO reduces the size of the final binary and improves performance, but increases compile time. In testing on Android, the combination of LTO and CFI results in negligible overhead to code size and performance; in a few cases both improved. For more technical details about CFI and how other forward-control checks are handled, see the LLVM design documentation. For Android P, CFI is enabled by default widely within the media frameworks and other security-critical components, such as NFC and Bluetooth. CFI kernel support has also been introduced into the Android common kernel when building with LLVM, providing the option to further harden the trusted computing base. This can be tested today on the HiKey reference boards. Integer Overflow SanitizationThe UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer's (UBSan) signed and unsigned integer overflow sanitization was first utilized when hardening the media stack in Android Nougat. This sanitization is designed to safely abort process execution if a signed or unsigned integer overflows by instrumenting arithmetic instructions which may overflow. The end result is the mitigation of an entire class of memory corruption and information disclosure vulnerabilities where the root cause is an integer overflow, such as the original Stagefright vulnerability. Because of their success, we've expanded usage of these sanitizers in the media framework with each release. Improvements have been made to LLVM's integer overflow sanitizers to reduce the performance impact by using fewer instructions in ARM 32-bit and removing unnecessary checks. In testing, these improvements reduced the sanitizers' performance overhead by over 75% in Android's 32-bit libstagefright library for some codecs. Improved Android build system support, such as better diagnostics support, more sensible crashes, and globally sanitized integer overflow targets for testing have also expedited the rollout of these sanitizers. We've prioritized enabling integer overflow sanitization in libraries where complex untrusted input is processed or where there have been security bulletin-level integer overflow vulnerabilities reported. As a result, in Android P the following libraries now benefit from this mitigation: libui libnl libmediaplayerservice libexif libdrmclearkeyplugin libreverbwrapper Future PlansMoving forward, we're expanding our use of these mitigation technologies and we strongly encourage vendors to do the same with their customizations. More information about how to enable and test these options will be available soon on the Android Open Source Project. Acknowledgements: This post was developed in joint collaboration with Vishwath Mohan, Jeffrey Vander Stoep, Joel Galenson, and Sami Tolvanen
Better Biometrics in Android PThursday June 21st, 2018 06:46:06 PM
Posted by Vishwath Mohan, Security Engineer[Cross-posted from the Android Developers Blog]To keep users safe, most apps and devices have an authentication mechanism, or a way to prove that you're you. These mechanisms fall into three categories: knowledge factors, possession factors, and biometric factors. Knowledge factors ask for something you know (like a PIN or a password), possession factors ask for something you have (like a token generator or security key), and biometric factors ask for something you are (like your fingerprint, iris, or face). Biometric authentication mechanisms are becoming increasingly popular, and it's easy to see why. They're faster than typing a password, easier than carrying around a separate security key, and they prevent one of the most common pitfalls of knowledge-factor based authentication—the risk of shoulder surfing. As more devices incorporate biometric authentication to safeguard people's private information, we're improving biometrics-based authentication in Android P by: Defining a better model to measure biometric security, and using that to functionally constrain weaker authentication methods. Providing a common platform-provided entry point for developers to integrate biometric authentication into their apps.A better security model for biometricsCurrently, biometric unlocks quantify their performance today with two metrics borrowed from machine learning (ML): False Accept Rate (FAR), and False Reject Rate (FRR). In the case of biometrics, FAR measures how often a biometric model accidentally classifies an incorrect input as belonging to the target user—that is, how often another user is falsely recognized as the legitimate device owner. Similarly, FRR measures how often a biometric model accidentally classifies the user's biometric as incorrect—that is, how often a legitimate device owner has to retry their authentication. The first is a security concern, while the second is problematic for usability. Both metrics do a great job of measuring the accuracy and precision of a given ML (or biometric) model when applied to random input samples. However, because neither metric accounts for an active attacker as part of the threat model, they do not provide very useful information about its resilience against attacks. In Android 8.1, we introduced two new metrics that more explicitly account for an attacker in the threat model: Spoof Accept Rate (SAR) and Imposter Accept Rate (IAR). As their names suggest, these metrics measure how easily an attacker can bypass a biometric authentication scheme. Spoofing refers to the use of a known-good recording (e.g. replaying a voice recording or using a face or fingerprint picture), while impostor acceptance means a successful mimicking of another user's biometric (e.g. trying to sound or look like a target user). Strong vs. Weak BiometricsWe use the SAR/IAR metrics to categorize biometric authentication mechanisms as either strong or weak. Biometric authentication mechanisms with an SAR/IAR of 7% or lower are strong, and anything above 7% is weak. Why 7% specifically? Most fingerprint implementations have a SAR/IAR metric of about 7%, making this an appropriate standard to start with for other modalities as well. As biometric sensors and classification methods improve, this threshold can potentially be decreased in the future. This binary classification is a slight oversimplification of the range of security that different implementations provide. However, it gives us a scalable mechanism (via the tiered authentication model) to appropriately scope the capabilities and the constraints of different biometric implementations across the ecosystem, based on the overall risk they pose. While both strong and weak biometrics will be allowed to unlock a device, weak biometrics: require the user to re-enter their primary PIN, pattern, password or a strong biometric to unlock a device after a 4-hour window of inactivity, such as when left at a desk or charger. This is in addition to the 72-hour timeout that is enforced for both strong and weak biometrics. are not supported by the forthcoming BiometricPrompt API, a common API for app developers to securely authenticate users on a device in a modality-agnostic way. can't authenticate payments or participate in other transactions that involve a KeyStore auth-bound key. must show users a warning that articulates the risks of using the biometric before it can be enabled.These measures are intended to allow weaker biometrics, while reducing the risk of unauthorized access. BiometricPrompt APIStarting in Android P, developers can use the BiometricPrompt API to integrate biometric authentication into their apps in a device and biometric agnostic way. BiometricPrompt only exposes strong modalities, so developers can be assured of a consistent level of security across all devices their application runs on. A support library is also provided for devices running Android O and earlier, allowing applications to utilize the advantages of this API across more devices . Here's a high-level architecture of BiometricPrompt. The API is intended to be easy to use, allowing the platform to select an appropriate biometric to authenticate with instead of forcing app developers to implement this logic themselves. Here's an example of how a developer might use it in their app: ConclusionBiometrics have the potential to both simplify and strengthen how we authenticate our digital identity, but only if they are designed securely, measured accurately, and implemented in a privacy-preserving manner. We want Android to get it right across all three. So we're combining secure design principles, a more attacker-aware measurement methodology, and a common, easy to use biometrics API that allows developers to integrate authentication in a simple, consistent, and safe manner. Acknowledgements: This post was developed in joint collaboration with Jim Miller
End-to-end encryption for push messaging, simplifiedFriday June 8th, 2018 09:39:15 PM
Posted by Giles Hogben, Privacy Engineer and Milinda Perera, Software Engineer [Cross-posted from the Android Developers Blog]Developers already use HTTPS to communicate with Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM). The channel between FCM server endpoint and the device is encrypted with SSL over TCP. However, messages are not encrypted end-to-end (E2E) between the developer server and the user device unless developers take special measures. To this end, we advise developers to use keys generated on the user device to encrypt push messages end-to-end. But implementing such E2E encryption has historically required significant technical knowledge and effort. That is why we are excited to announce the Capillary open source library which greatly simplifies the implementation of E2E-encryption for push messages between developer servers and users' Android devices. We also added functionality for sending messages that can only be decrypted on devices that have recently been unlocked. This is designed to support for decrypting messages on devices using File-Based Encryption (FBE): encrypted messages are cached in Device Encrypted (DE) storage and message decryption keys are stored in Android Keystore, requiring user authentication. This allows developers to specify messages with sensitive content, that remain encrypted in cached form until the user has unlocked and decrypted their device. The library handles: Crypto functionality and key management across all versions of Android back to KitKat (API level 19). Key generation and registration workflows. Message encryption (on the server) and decryption (on the client). Integrity protection to prevent message modification. Caching of messages received in unauthenticated contexts to be decrypted and displayed upon device unlock. Edge-cases, such as users adding/resetting device lock after installing the app, users resetting app storage, etc.The library supports both RSA encryption with ECDSA authentication and Web Push encryption, allowing developers to re-use existing server-side code developed for sending E2E-encrypted Web Push messages to browser-based clients. Along with the library, we are also publishing a demo app (at last, the Google privacy team has its own messaging app!) that uses the library to send E2E-encrypted FCM payloads from a gRPC-based server implementation. What it's notThe open source library and demo app are not designed to support peer-to-peer messaging and key exchange. They are designed for developers to send E2E-encrypted push messages from a server to one or more devices. You can protect messages between the developer's server and the destination device, but not directly between devices. It is not a comprehensive server-side solution. While core crypto functionality is provided, developers will need to adapt parts of the sample server-side code that are specific to their architecture (for example, message composition, database storage for public keys, etc.)You can find more technical details describing how we've architected and implemented the library and demo here.
Insider attack resistanceFriday June 1st, 2018 06:31:21 PM
Posted by Shawn Willden, Staff Software Engineer [Cross-posted from the Android Developers Blog]Our smart devices, such as mobile phones and tablets, contain a wealth of personal information that needs to be kept safe. Google is constantly trying to find new and better ways to protect that valuable information on Android devices. From partnering with external researchers to find and fix vulnerabilities, to adding new features to the Android platform, we work to make each release and new device safer than the last. This post talks about Google's strategy for making the encryption on Google Pixel 2 devices resistant to various levels of attack—from platform, to hardware, all the way to the people who create the signing keys for Pixel devices. We encrypt all user data on Google Pixel devices and protect the encryption keys in secure hardware. The secure hardware runs highly secure firmware that is responsible for checking the user's password. If the password is entered incorrectly, the firmware refuses to decrypt the device. This firmware also limits the rate at which passwords can be checked, making it harder for attackers to use a brute force attack. To prevent attackers from replacing our firmware with a malicious version, we apply digital signatures. There are two ways for an attacker to defeat the signature checks and install a malicious replacement for firmware: find and exploit vulnerabilities in the signature-checking process or gain access to the signing key and get their malicious version signed so the device will accept it as a legitimate update. The signature-checking software is tiny, isolated, and vetted with extreme thoroughness. Defeating it is hard. The signing keys, however, must exist somewhere, and there must be people who have access to them. In the past, device makers have focused on safeguarding these keys by storing the keys in secure locations and severely restricting the number of people who have access to them. That's good, but it leaves those people open to attack by coercion or social engineering. That's risky for the employees personally, and we believe it creates too much risk for user data. To mitigate these risks, Google Pixel 2 devices implement insider attack resistance in the tamper-resistant hardware security module that guards the encryption keys for user data. This helps prevent an attacker who manages to produce properly signed malicious firmware from installing it on the security module in a lost or stolen device without the user's cooperation. Specifically, it is not possible to upgrade the firmware that checks the user's password unless you present the correct user password. There is a way to "force" an upgrade, for example when a returned device is refurbished for resale, but forcing it wipes the secrets used to decrypt the user's data, effectively destroying it. The Android security team believes that insider attack resistance is an important element of a complete strategy for protecting user data. The Google Pixel 2 demonstrated that it's possible to protect users even against the most highly-privileged insiders. We recommend that all mobile device makers do the same. For help, device makers working to implement insider attack resistance can reach out to the Android security team through their Google contact. Acknowledgements: This post was developed in joint collaboration with Paul Crowley, Senior Software Engineer
Keeping 2 billion Android devices safe with machine learningThursday May 24th, 2018 07:23:59 PM
Posted by Sai Deep Tetali, Software Engineer, Google Play Protect[Cross-posted from the Android Developers Blog]At Google I/O 2017, we introduced Google Play Protect, our comprehensive set of security services for Android. While the name is new, the smarts powering Play Protect have protected Android users for years. Google Play Protect's suite of mobile threat protections are built into more than 2 billion Android devices, automatically taking action in the background. We're constantly updating these protections so you don't have to think about security: it just happens. Our protections have been made even smarter by adding machine learning elements to Google Play Protect. Security at scaleGoogle Play Protect provides in-the-moment protection from potentially harmful apps (PHAs), but Google's protections start earlier. Before they're published in Google Play, all apps are rigorously analyzed by our security systems and Android security experts. Thanks to this process, Android devices that only download apps from Google Play are 9 times less likely to get a PHA than devices that download apps from other sources. After you install an app, Google Play Protect continues its quest to keep your device safe by regularly scanning your device to make sure all apps are behaving properly. If it finds an app that is misbehaving, Google Play Protect either notifies you, or simply removes the harmful app to keep your device safe. Our systems scan over 50 billion apps every day. To keep on the cutting edge of security, we look for new risks in a variety of ways, such as identifying specific code paths that signify bad behavior, investigating behavior patterns to correlate bad apps, and reviewing possible PHAs with our security experts. In 2016, we added machine learning as a new detection mechanism and it soon became a critical part of our systems and tools. Training our machines In the most basic terms, machine learning means training a computer algorithm to recognize a behavior. To train the algorithm, we give it hundreds of thousands of examples of that behavior. In the case of Google Play Protect, we are developing algorithms that learn which apps are "potentially harmful" and which are "safe." To learn about PHAs, the machine learning algorithms analyze our entire catalog of applications. Then our algorithms look at hundreds of signals combined with anonymized data to compare app behavior across the Android ecosystem to find PHAs. They look for behavior common to PHAs, such as apps that attempt to interact with other apps on the device, access or share your personal data, download something without your knowledge, connect to phishing websites, or bypass built-in security features. When we find apps exhibit similar malicious behavior, we group them into families. Visualizing these PHA families helps us uncover apps that share similarities to known bad apps, but have yet remained under our radar. After we identify a new PHA, we confirm our findings with expert security reviews. If the app in question is a PHA, Google Play Protect takes action on the app and then we feed information about that PHA back into our algorithms to help find more PHAs. Doubling down on securitySo far, our machine learning systems have successfully detected 60.3% of the malware identified by Google Play Protect in 2017. In 2018, we're devoting a massive amount of computing power and talent to create, maintain and improve these machine learning algorithms. We're constantly leveraging artificial intelligence and our highly skilled researchers and engineers from all across Google to find new ways to keep Android devices safe and secure. In addition to our talented team, we work with the foremost security experts and researchers from around the world. These researchers contribute even more data and insights to keep Google Play Protect on the cutting edge of mobile security. To check out Google Play Protect, open the Google Play app and tap Play Protect in the left panel. Acknowledgements: This work was developed in joint collaboration with Google Play Protect, Safe Browsing and Play Abuse teams with contributions from Andrew Ahn, Hrishikesh Aradhye, Daniel Bali, Hongji Bao, Yajie Hu, Arthur Kaiser, Elena Kovakina, Salvador Mandujano, Melinda Miller, Rahul Mishra, Damien Octeau, Sebastian Porst, Chuangang Ren, Monirul Sharif, Sri Somanchi, Sai Deep Tetali, Zhikun Wang, and Mo Yu.
Google CTF 2018 is hereWednesday May 9th, 2018 05:37:53 AM
Posted by Jan Keller, Security TPMGoogle CTF 2017 was a big success! We had over 5,000 players, nearly 2,000 teams captured flags, we paid $31,1337.00, and most importantly: you had fun playing and we had fun hosting!Congratulations (for the second year) to the team pasten, from Israel, for scoring first place in both the quals and the finals. Also, for everyone who hasn't played yet or wants to play again, we have open-sourced the 2017 challenges in our GitHub repository.Hence, we are excited to announce Google CTF 2018:Date and time: 00:00:01 UTC on June 23th and 24th, 2018Location: OnlinePrizes: Big checks, swag and rewards for creative write-upsThe winning teams will compete again for a spot at the Google CTF Finals later this year (more details on the Finals soon).For beginners and veterans alikeBased on the feedback we received, we plan to have additional challenges this year where people that may be new to CTFs or security can learn about, and try their hands at, some security challenges. These will be presented in a "Quest" style where there will be a scenario similar to a real world penetration testing environment. We hope that this will give people a chance to sharpen their skills, learn something new about CTFs and security, while allowing them to see a real world value to information security and its broader impact.We hope to virtually see you at the 3rd annual Google CTF on June 23rd 2018 at 00:00:01 UTC. Check g.co/ctf, or subscribe to our mailing list for more details, as they become available.Why do we host these competitions?We outlined our philosophy last year, but in short: we believe that the security community helps us better protect Google users, and so we want to nurture the community and give back in a fun way.Thirsty for more?There are a lot of opportunities for you to help us make the Internet a safer place:Our Vulnerability Rewards Program: Report vulnerabilities in our infrastructure and get rewarded(AutoFuzz) Patch Rewards Program: Fix vulnerabilities in open-source software to build your reputation and make an impact in the security communityVulnerability Research Grants Program: Apply for a research grant to extensively test a component of our infrastructure at your own pace.
Leveraging AI to protect our users and the webFriday April 20th, 2018 08:12:09 PM
Posted by Elie Bursztein, Anti-Abuse Research Lead - Ian Goodfellow, Adversarial Machine Learning Research LeadRecent advances in AI are transforming how we combat fraud and abuse and implement new security protections. These advances are critical to meeting our users' expectations and keeping increasingly sophisticated attackers at bay, but they come with brand new challenges as well.This week at RSA, we explored the intersection between AI, anti-abuse, and security in two talks.Our first talk provided a concise overview of how we apply AI to fraud and abuse problems. The talk started by detailing the fundamental reasons why AI is key to building defenses that keep up with user expectations and combat increasingly sophisticated attacks. It then delved into the top 10 anti-abuse specific challenges encountered while applying AI to abuse fighting and how to overcome them. Check out the infographic at the end of the post for a quick overview of the challenges we covered during the talk.Our second talk looked at attacks on ML models themselves and the ongoing effort to develop new defenses.It covered attackers' attempts to recover private training data, to introduce examples into the training set of a machine learning model to cause it to learn incorrect behaviors, to modify the input that a machine learning model receives at classification time to cause it to make a mistake, and more.Our talk also looked at various defense solutions, including differential privacy, which provides a rigorous theoretical framework for preventing attackers from recovering private training data.Hopefully you were to able to join us at RSA! But if not, here is re-recording and the slides of our first talk on applying AI to abuse-prevention, along with the slides from our second talk about protecting ML models.
DNS over TLS support in Android P Developer PreviewTuesday April 17th, 2018 04:32:44 PM
Posted by Erik Kline, Android software engineer, and Ben Schwartz, Jigsaw software engineer[Cross-posted from the Android Developers Blog]The first step of almost every connection on the internet is a DNS query. A client, such as a smartphone, typically uses a DNS server provided by the Wi-Fi or cellular network. The client asks this DNS server to convert a domain name, like www.google.com, into an IP address, like 2607:f8b0:4006:80e::2004. Once the client has the IP address, it can connect to its intended destination.When the DNS protocol was designed in the 1980s, the internet was a much smaller, simpler place. For the past few years, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has worked to define a new DNS protocol that provides users with the latest protections for security and privacy. The protocol is called "DNS over TLS" (standardized as RFC 7858).Like HTTPS, DNS over TLS uses the TLS protocol to establish a secure channel to the server. Once the secure channel is established, DNS queries and responses can't be read or modified by anyone else who might be monitoring the connection. (The secure channel only applies to DNS, so it can't protect users from other kinds of security and privacy violations.)DNS over TLS in PThe Android P Developer Preview includes built-in support for DNS over TLS. We added a Private DNS mode to the Network & internet settings.By default, devices automatically upgrade to DNS over TLS if a network's DNS server supports it. But users who don't want to use DNS over TLS can turn it off.Users can enter a hostname if they want to use a private DNS provider. Android then sends all DNS queries over a secure channel to this server or marks the network as "No internet access" if it can't reach the server. (For testing purposes, see this community-maintained list of compatible servers.)DNS over TLS mode automatically secures the DNS queries from all apps on the system. However, apps that perform their own DNS queries, instead of using the system's APIs, must ensure that they do not send insecure DNS queries when the system has a secure connection. Apps can get this information using a new API: LinkProperties.isPrivateDnsActive()With the Android P Developer Preview, we're proud to present built-in support for DNS over TLS. In the future, we hope that all operating systems will include secure transports for DNS, to provide better protection and privacy for all users on every new connection.
Protecting users with TLS by default in Android PThursday April 12th, 2018 09:18:33 PM
Posted by Chad Brubaker, Senior Software Engineer Android Security[Cross-posted from the Android Developers Blog]Android is committed to keeping users, their devices, and their data safe. One of the ways that we keep data safe is by protecting all data that enters or leaves an Android device with Transport Layer Security (TLS) in transit. As we announced in our Android P developer preview, we're further improving these protections by preventing apps that target Android P from allowing unencrypted connections by default.This follows a variety of changes we've made over the years to better protect Android users. To prevent accidental unencrypted connections, we introduced the android:usesCleartextTraffic manifest attribute in Android Marshmallow. In Android Nougat, we extended that attribute by creating the Network Security Config feature, which allows apps to indicate that they do not intend to send network traffic without encryption. In Android Nougat and Oreo, we still allowed cleartext connections.How do I update my app?If your app uses TLS for all connections then you have nothing to do. If not, update your app to use TLS to encrypt all connections. If you still need to make cleartext connections, keep reading for some best practices.Why should I use TLS?Android considers all networks potentially hostile and so encrypting traffic should be used at all times, for all connections. Mobile devices are especially at risk because they regularly connect to many different networks, such as the Wi-Fi at a coffee shop.All traffic should be encrypted, regardless of content, as any unencrypted connections can be used to inject content, increase attack surface for potentially vulnerable client code, or track the user. For more information, see our past blog post and Developer Summit talk.Isn't TLS slow?No, it's not.How do I use TLS in my app?Once your server supports TLS, simply change the URLs in your app and server responses from http:// to https://. Your HTTP stack handles the TLS handshake without any more work.If you are making sockets yourself, use an SSLSocketFactory instead of a SocketFactory. Take extra care to use the socket correctly as SSLSocket doesn't perform hostname verification. Your app needs to do its own hostname verification, preferably by calling getDefaultHostnameVerifier() with the expected hostname. Further, beware that HostnameVerifier.verify() doesn't throw an exception on error but instead returns a boolean result that you must explicitly check.I need to use cleartext traffic toWhile you should use TLS for all connections, it's possibly that you need to use cleartext traffic for legacy reasons, such as connecting to some servers. To do this, change your app's network security config to allow those connections.We've included a couple example configurations. See the network security config documentation for a bit more help.Allow cleartext connections to a specific domainIf you need to allow connections to a specific domain or set of domains, you can use the following config as a guide:<network-security-config> <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true"> <domain includeSubdomains="true">insecure.example.com</domain> <domain includeSubdomains="true">insecure.cdn.example.com</domain> </domain-config></network-security-config>Allow connections to arbitrary insecure domainsIf your app supports opening arbitrary content from URLs over insecure connections, you should disable cleartext connections to your own services while supporting cleartext connections to arbitrary hosts. Keep in mind that you should be cautious about the data received over insecure connections as it could have been tampered with in transit.<network-security-config> <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="false"> <domain includeSubdomains="true">example.com</domain> <domain includeSubdomains="true">cdn.example2.com</domain> </domain-config> <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true" /></network-security-config>How do I update my library?If your library directly creates secure/insecure connections, make sure that it honors the app's cleartext settings by checking isCleartextTrafficPermitted before opening any cleartext connection.
Android Security 2017 Year in ReviewThursday March 15th, 2018 01:00:42 PM
Posted by Dave Kleidermacher, Vice President of Security for Android, Play, ChromeOSOur team's goal is simple: secure more than two billion Android devices. It's our entire focus, and we're constantly working to improve our protections to keep users safe.Today, we're releasing our fourth annual Android Security Year in Review. We compile these reports to help educate the public about the many different layers of Android security, and also to hold ourselves accountable so that anyone can track our security work over time.We saw really positive momentum last year and this post includes some, but not nearly all, of the major moments from 2017. To dive into all the details, you can read the full report at: g.co/AndroidSecurityReport2017Google Play ProtectIn May, we announced Google Play Protect, a new home for the suite of Android security services on nearly two billion devices. While many of Play Protect's features had been securing Android devices for years, we wanted to make these more visible to help assure people that our security protections are constantly working to keep them safe.Play Protect's core objective is to shield users from Potentially Harmful Apps, or PHAs. Every day, it automatically reviews more than 50 billion apps, other potential sources of PHAs, and devices themselves and takes action when it finds any.Play Protect uses a variety of different tactics to keep users and their data safe, but the impact of machine learning is already quite significant: 60.3% of all Potentially Harmful Apps were detected via machine learning, and we expect this to increase in the future.Protecting users' devicesPlay Protect automatically checks Android devices for PHAs at least once every day, and users can conduct an additional review at any time for some extra peace of mind. These automatic reviews enabled us to remove nearly 39 million PHAs last year.We also update Play Protect to respond to trends that we detect across the ecosystem. For instance, we recognized that nearly 35% of new PHA installations were occurring when a device was offline or had lost network connectivity. As a result, in October 2017, we enabled offline scanning in Play Protect, and have since prevented 10 million more PHA installs.Preventing PHA downloadsDevices that downloaded apps exclusively from Google Play were nine times less likely to get a PHA than devices that downloaded apps from other sources. And these security protections continue to improve, partially because of Play Protect's increased visibility into newly submitted apps to Play. It reviewed 65% more Play apps compared to 2016.Play Protect also doesn't just secure Google Play—it helps protect the broader Android ecosystem as well. Thanks in large part to Play Protect, the installation rates of PHAs from outside of Google Play dropped by more than 60%.Security updatesWhile Google Play Protect is a great shield against harmful PHAs, we also partner with device manufacturers to make sure that the version of Android running on users' devices is up-to-date and secure.Throughout the year, we worked to improve the process for releasing security updates, and 30% more devices received security patches than in 2016. Furthermore, no critical security vulnerabilities affecting the Android platform were publicly disclosed without an update or mitigation available for Android devices. This was possible due to the Android Security Rewards Program, enhanced collaboration with the security researcher community, coordination with industry partners, and built-in security features of the Android platform.New security features in Android OreoWe introduced a slew of new security features in Android Oreo: making it safer to get apps, dropping insecure network protocols, providing more user control over identifiers, hardening the kernel, and more.We highlighted many of these over the course of the year, but some may have flown under the radar. For example, we updated the overlay API so that apps can no longer block the entire screen and prevent you from dismissing them, a common tactic employed by ransomware.Openness makes Android security strongerWe've long said it, but it remains truer than ever: Android's openness helps strengthen our security protections. For years, the Android ecosystem has benefitted from researchers' findings, and 2017 was no different.Security reward programsWe continued to see great momentum with our Android Security Rewards program: we paid researchers $1.28 million dollars, pushing our total rewards past $2 million dollars since the program began. We also increased our top-line payouts for exploits that compromise TrustZone or Verified Boot from $50,000 to $200,000, and remote kernel exploits from $30,000 to $150,000.In parallel, we introduced Google Play Security Rewards Program and offered a bonus bounty to developers that discover and disclose select critical vulnerabilities in apps hosted on Play to their developers.External security competitionsOur teams also participated in external vulnerability discovery and disclosure competitions, such as Mobile Pwn2Own. At the 2017 Mobile Pwn2Own competition, no exploits successfully compromised the Google Pixel. And of the exploits demonstrated against devices running Android, none could be reproduced on a device running unmodified Android source code from the Android Open Source Project (AOSP).We're pleased to see the positive momentum behind Android security, and we'll continue our work to improve our protections this year, and beyond. We will never stop our work to ensure the security of Android users.
Distrust of the Symantec PKI: Immediate action needed by site operatorsWednesday March 7th, 2018 11:26:59 PM
Posted by Devon O'Brien, Ryan Sleevi, Emily Stark, Chrome security teamWe previously announced plans to deprecate Chrome's trust in the Symantec certificate authority (including Symantec-owned brands like Thawte, VeriSign, Equifax, GeoTrust, and RapidSSL). This post outlines how site operators can determine if they're affected by this deprecation, and if so, what needs to be done and by when. Failure to replace these certificates will result in site breakage in upcoming versions of major browsers, including Chrome.Chrome 66If your site is using a SSL/TLS certificate from Symantec that was issued before June 1, 2016, it will stop functioning in Chrome 66, which could already be impacting your users.If you are uncertain about whether your site is using such a certificate, you can preview these changes in Chrome Canary to see if your site is affected. If connecting to your site displays a certificate error or a warning in DevTools as shown below, you'll need to replace your certificate. You can get a new certificate from any trusted CA, including Digicert, which recently acquired Symantec's CA business.An example of a certificate error that Chrome 66 users might see if you are using a Legacy Symantec SSL/TLS certificate that was issued before June 1, 2016. The DevTools message you will see if you need to replace your certificate before Chrome 66.Chrome 66 has already been released to the Canary and Dev channels, meaning affected sites are already impacting users of these Chrome channels. If affected sites do not replace their certificates by March 15, 2018, Chrome Beta users will begin experiencing the failures as well. You are strongly encouraged to replace your certificate as soon as possible if your site is currently showing an error in Chrome Canary.Chrome 70Starting in Chrome 70, all remaining Symantec SSL/TLS certificates will stop working, resulting in a certificate error like the one shown above. To check if your certificate will be affected, visit your site in Chrome today and open up DevTools. You'll see a message in the console telling you if you need to replace your certificate.The DevTools message you will see if you need to replace your certificate before Chrome 70.If you see this message in DevTools, you'll want to replace your certificate as soon as possible. If the certificates are not replaced, users will begin seeing certificate errors on your site as early as July 20, 2018. The first Chrome 70 Beta release will be around September 13, 2018.Expected Chrome Release TimelineThe table below shows the First Canary, First Beta and Stable Release for Chrome 66 and 70. The first impact from a given release will coincide with the First Canary, reaching a steadily widening audience as the release hits Beta and then ultimately Stable. Site operators are strongly encouraged to make the necessary changes to their sites before the First Canary release for Chrome 66 and 70, and no later than the corresponding Beta release dates.ReleaseFirst CanaryFirst BetaStable ReleaseChrome 66January 20, 2018~ March 15, 2018~ April 17, 2018Chrome 70~ July 20, 2018~ September 13, 2018~ October 16, 2018For information about the release timeline for a particular version of Chrome, you can also refer to the Chromium Development Calendar which will be updated should release schedules change.In order to address the needs of certain enterprise users, Chrome will also implement an Enterprise Policy that allows disabling the Legacy Symantec PKI distrust starting with Chrome 66. As of January 1, 2019, this policy will no longer be available and the Legacy Symantec PKI will be distrusted for all users.Special Mention: Chrome 65As noted in the previous announcement, SSL/TLS certificates from the Legacy Symantec PKI issued after December 1, 2017 are no longer trusted. This should not affect most site operators, as it requires entering in to special agreement with DigiCert to obtain such certificates. Accessing a site serving such a certificate will fail and the request will be blocked as of Chrome 65. To avoid such errors, ensure that such certificates are only served to legacy devices and not to browsers such as Chrome.
A secure web is here to stayThursday February 8th, 2018 08:05:23 PM
Posted by Emily Schechter, Chrome Security Product ManagerFor the past several years, we've moved toward a more secure web by strongly advocating that sites adopt HTTPS encryption. And within the last year, we've also helped users understand that HTTP sites are not secure by gradually marking a larger subset of HTTP pages as "not secure". Beginning in July 2018 with the release of Chrome 68, Chrome will mark all HTTP sites as "not secure".In Chrome 68, the omnibox will display "Not secure" for all HTTP pages.Developers have been transitioning their sites to HTTPS and making the web safer for everyone. Progress last year was incredible, and it's continued since then:Over 68% of Chrome traffic on both Android and Windows is now protectedOver 78% of Chrome traffic on both Chrome OS and Mac is now protected81 of the top 100 sites on the web use HTTPS by defaultChrome is dedicated to making it as easy as possible to set up HTTPS. Mixed content audits are now available to help developers migrate their sites to HTTPS in the latest Node CLI version of Lighthouse, an automated tool for improving web pages. The new audit in Lighthouse helps developers find which resources a site loads using HTTP, and which of those are ready to be upgraded to HTTPS simply by changing the subresource reference to the HTTPS version.Lighthouse is an automated developer tool for improving web pages.Chrome's new interface will help users understand that all HTTP sites are not secure, and continue to move the web towards a secure HTTPS web by default. HTTPS is easier and cheaper than ever before, and it unlocks both performance improvements and powerful new features that are too sensitive for HTTP. Developers, check out our set-up guides to get started.
Vulnerability Reward Program: 2017 Year in ReviewWednesday February 7th, 2018 09:00:35 PM
Posted by Jan Keller, Google VRP Technical Pwning MasterAs we kick-off a new year, we wanted to take a moment to look back at the Vulnerability Reward Program in 2017. It joins our past retrospectives for 2014, 2015, and 2016, and shows the course our VRPs have taken.At the heart of this blog post is a big thank you to the security research community. You continue to help make Google's users and our products more secure. We looking forward to continuing our collaboration with the community in 2018 and beyond!2017, By the NumbersHere's an overview of how we rewarded researchers for their reports to us in 2017:We awarded researchers more than 1 million dollars for vulnerabilities they found and reported in Google products, and a similar amount for Android as well. Combined with our Chrome awards, we awarded nearly 3 million dollars to researchers for their reports last year, overall.Drilling-down a bit further, we awarded $125,000 to more than 50 security researchers from all around the world through our Vulnerability Research Grants Program, and $50,000 to the hard-working folks who improve the security of open-source software as part of our Patch Rewards Program.A few bug highlightsEvery year, a few bug reports stand out: the research may have been especially clever, the vulnerability may have been especially serious, or the report may have been especially fun and quirky!Here are a few of our favorites from 2017:In August, researcher Guang Gong outlined an exploit chain on Pixel phones which combined a remote code execution bug in the sandboxed Chrome render process with a subsequent sandbox escape through Android's libgralloc. As part of the Android Security Rewards Program he received the largest reward of the year: $112,500. The Pixel was the only device that wasn't exploited during last year's annual Mobile pwn2own competition, and Guang's report helped strengthen its protections even further.Researcher "gzobqq" received the $100,000 pwnium award for a chain of bugs across five components that achieved remote code execution in Chrome OS guest mode.Alex Birsan discovered that anyone could have gained access to internal Google Issue Tracker data. He detailed his research here, and we awarded him $15,600 for his efforts.Making Android and Play even saferOver the course of the year, we continued to develop our Android and Play Security Reward programs.No one had claimed the top reward for an Android exploit chain in more than two years, so we announced that the greatest reward for a remote exploit chain--or exploit leading to TrustZone or Verified Boot compromise--would increase from $50,000 to $200,000. We also increased the top-end reward for a remote kernel exploit from $30,000 to $150,000.In October, we introduced the by-invitation-only Google Play Security Reward Program to encourage security research into popular Android apps available on Google Play.Today, we're expanding the range of rewards for remote code executions from $1,000 to $5,000. We're also introducing a new category that includes vulnerabilities that could result in the theft of users' private data, information being transferred unencrypted, or bugs that result in access to protected app components. We'll award $1,000 for these bugs. For more information visit the Google Play Security Reward Program site.And finally, we want to give a shout out to the researchers who've submitted fuzzers to the Chrome Fuzzer Program: they get rewards for every eligible bug their fuzzers find without having to do any more work, or even filing a bug.Given how well things have been going these past years, we look forward to our Vulnerability Rewards Programs resulting in even more user protection in 2018 thanks to the hard work of the security research community.* Andrew Whalley (Chrome VRP), Mayank Jain (Android Security Rewards), and Renu Chaudhary (Google Play VRP) contributed mightily to help lead these Google-wide efforts.
Announcing turndown of the deprecated Google Safe Browsing APIsWednesday January 24th, 2018 10:22:38 PM
Posted by Alex Wozniak, Software Engineer, Safe Browsing TeamIn May 2016, we introduced the latest version of the Google Safe Browsing API (v4). Since this launch, thousands of developers around the world have adopted the API to protect over 3 billion devices from unsafe web resources.Coupled with that announcement was the deprecation of legacy Safe Browsing APIs, v2 and v3. Today we are announcing an official turn-down date of October 1st, 2018, for these APIs. All v2 and v3 clients must transition to the v4 API prior to this date.To make the switch easier, an open source implementation of the Update API (v4) is available on GitHub. Android developers always get the latest version of Safe Browsing's data and protocols via the SafetyNet Safe Browsing API. Getting started is simple; all you need is a Google Account, Google Developer Console project, and an API key.For questions or feedback, join the discussion with other developers on the Safe Browsing Google Group. Visit our website for the latest information on Safe Browsing.
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Malware don't need Coffee
Last feed update: Tuesday March 6th, 2018 11:07:51 PM
CoalaBot : http Ddos BotMonday October 16th, 2017 04:30:39 PM
CoalaBot appears to be build on August Stealer code (Panel and Traffic are really alike)I found it spread as a tasks in a Betabot and in an Andromeda spread via RIG fed by at least one HilltopAds malvertising. 2017-09-11: a witnessed infection chain to CoalaBotA look inside :CoalaBot: Login Screen(August Stealer alike) CoalaBot: StatisticsCoalaBot: BotsCoalaBot: TasksCoalaBot: TasksCoalaBot: New Taks (list)CoalaBot: https get task detailsCoalaBot: http post task detailsCoalaBot: SettingsHere is the translated associated advert published on 2017-08-23 by a user going with nick : Discomrade.(Thanks to Andrew Komarov and others who provided help here).------------------------------------------Coala Http Ddos Bot The software focuses on L7 attacks (HTTP). Lower levels have more primitive attacks.Attack types:• ICMP (PING) FLOOD• UDP FLOOD• TCP FLOOD• HTTP ARME• HTTP GET *• HTTP POST *• HTTP SLOWLORIS *• HTTP PULSE WAVE ** - Supports SMART mode, i.e. bypasses Cloudflare/Blazingfast and similar services (but doesn't bypass CAPTCHA). All types except ICMP/UDP have support for using SSL.Binary:• .NET 2.0 x86 (100% working capacity WIN XP - WIN 7, on later versions ОС .NET 2.0 disabled by default)• ~100kb after obfuscation• Auto Backup (optional)• Low CPU load for efficient use• Encryption of incoming/outgoing traffic• No installation on machines from former CIS countries(RU/UA/BL/KZ/...)• Scan time non-FUD. Contact us if you need a recommendation for a good crypting service.• Ability to link a build to more than one gate.Panel:• Detailed statistics on time online/architecture/etc. • List of bots, detailed information• Number count of requests per second (total/for each bot)• Creation of groups for attacks• Auto sorting of bots by groups • Creation of tasks, the ability to choose by group/country• Setting an optional time for bots success rate Other:• Providing macros for randomization of sent data • Support of .onion gate• Ability to install an additional layer (BOT => LAYER => MAIN GATE) Requirements:• PHP 5.6 or higher• MySQL• Мodule for MySQLi(mysqli_nd); php-mbstring, php-json, php-mcrypt extensionsScreenshots:• Statistics- http://i.imgur.com/FUevsaS.jpg• Bots - http://i.imgur.com/nDwl9pY.jpg• Created tasks - http://i.imgur.com/RltiDhl.png• Task List - http://i.imgur.com/tqEEpX0.jpg• Settings - http://i.imgur.com/EbhExjE.jpgPrice:• $300 - build and panel. Up to 3 gates for one build.• $20 - rebuildThe price can vary depending on updates.Escrow service is welcome.Help with installation is no charge.------------------------------------------Sample:VT linkMD5 f3862c311c67cb027a06d4272b680a3bSHA1 0ff1584eec4fc5c72439d94e8cee922703c44049SHA256 fd07ad13dbf9da3f7841bc0dbfd303dc18153ad36259d9c6db127b49fa01d08fEmerging Threats rules :2024531 || ET TROJAN MSIL/CoalaBot CnC ActivityRead More:August in November: New Information Stealer Hits the Scene - 2016-12-07 - Proofpoint
Bye Empire, Hello Nebula Exploit Kit.Thursday March 9th, 2017 08:20:31 AM
Nebula LogoWhile Empire (RIG-E) disappeared at the end of December after 4 months of activityIllustration of the last month of witnessed Activity for Empireon 2017-02-17 an advert for a new exploit kit dubbed Nebula appeared underground.------Selling EK Nebula------Nebula Exploit kitFeatures:-Automatic domain scanning and generating (99% FUD)-API rotator domains-Exploit rate tested in different traffic go up 8/19%-knock rate tested whit popular botnet go 30/70%-Clean and modern user interface-Custom domains & server ( add & point your own domains coming soon...)-Unlimited flows & files-Scan file & domains-Multiple payload file types supported (exe , dll , js, vbs)-Multi. geo flow (split loads by country & file)-Remote file support ( check every 1 minute if file hash change ; if changed replace ) for automatic crypting-Public stats by file & flow-latest CVE-2016 CVE-2017-custom features just ask supportSubscriptions:24h - 100$7d - 600$31d - 2000$Jabber - firstname.lastname@example.com free tests to trusted users ------In same thread some screenshots were shared by a customer.Earlier that same day, colleagues at Trendmicro told me they were seeing activity from a group we are following under the name "GamiNook" (illustration coming later) in Japan redirecting traffic to a variation of Sundown."GamiNook" redirecting to a Sundown Variation in Japan - 2017-02-17Payload : Pitou (6f9d71eebe319468927f74b93c820ce4 ) This Sundown variation was not so much different from the mainstream one.No "index.php?" in the landing URI, different domain pattern but same landing, exploits, etc... Some payload sent in clear (01.php) other RC4 encoded (00.php) as for Sundown.Digging more it appeared it was featuring an Internal TDS (as Empire). The same exact call would give you a different payload in France or in United Kingdom/Japan."GamiNook" traffic with geo in France - 2017-02-17Identicall payload call gives you Gootkit instead of PitouPayload : Gootkit (48ae9a5d10085e5f6a1221cd1eedade6)Note: to be sure that the payload difference is tied to Geo and not time based (rotation or operator changing it ) you need to make at least a third pass with first Geo and ensure dropped sample is identical as in first pass.At that point you can only suspect this Sundown variant might be Nebula (even if clues are multiple, a funny one being that the traffic illustrated in the advert thread is quite inline with the one captured in France).So I was naming that variation: Sundown-N. Intel shared by Frank Ruiz (FoxIT) on the 21st allowed me to know for sure this traffic was indeed Nebula.The following days i saw other actor sending traffic to this EK.Taxonomy tied to Nebula Activity in MISP - 2017-03-02Taxonomy tied to GamiNook traffic activity, EK and resulting payloadToday URI pattern changed from this morning :/?yWnuAH-XgstCZ3E=tCi6ZGr10KUDHiaOgKVNolmBgpc3rkRp-weok1A2JV-gkpS0luBwQDdM/?yXy3HX2F=tCu_Mj322aEBSXjYhatLoVmBgZJh_0Fg_wX_zQYxIg6nksDowOciFzNB/?yXzbGV2jkcB_eU8=4ya6MDz31KdQTi7ahapLolnWjJdj_EJt-VT4mwQxIQ6gksTllrB3EGRM/?ykjaKniEk6ZhH1-P=si-8YGj_1aANTynfh6Ye81mHhZE0_RNs_gn5nAExcV6okpTknOQgEmNN/?z0vDa0iBu-Q=tHnqNT_-1KcGGCzfhqVKoVmB08dm_BJt-QKumQEwJA2nksGyk-QhQDRA/?z13qMVqqoKRvTw=5S--Y2uk0apQGiyOhvdI81nQhZMwqxVo9FSsmVAyIgiokpPnl-V0QDIf/?z1fECTiT=sy7tYmz206FUGCvagKpK9VmGhMAxrxZq_1CungQwdF71ksDowOciFzNB/?zVnra0OCs9k=syjqMjel06ADFHuP0qNKolmGgsdh9BZq_geizlFkcQ2gksTllrB3EGRM/?zVnra0OCs9k=syjqMjel06ADFHuP0qNKolmGgsdh9BZq_geizlFkcQ2gksW2w7QsRTIf/?zWnBFniM=4Ca9Zjej0PRTGC3e06FJp1nVjJA1rBRpqleumABkJF2hksTllrB3EGRM/?zn3iKU_xjeNxWw=sHu7MTry2aoAFCyKgKUY8FmF0ZZi_kFg9ASimVQ2cl-lksTllrB3EGRM/?zy3jN0Gvi9RjY02F2g=4H27Yjn-0_EBHSrc26MfoVnV15Yx-hJqrwWrnwJjcVqnkpTknOQgEmNN(which is Sundown/Beps without the index.php) to/86fb7c1b/showpost.php?s=af75b6af5d0f08cf675149da13b1d3e4&p=13&postcount=8/641222267738845/thumb/6456dac5bc39ec7/comment_post.php?ice=bDaE06lCQU/507728217866857/9ecc534d/bug_report/media/pr.php?id=b38cb0526f8cd52d878009d9f27be8f4/gu/Strategy/qNXL8WmQ6G/rss.php?cat=MSFT/moddata/a9/showpost.php?s=0d2d722e1a2a625b3ceb042daf966593&p=13&postcount=1/2003/01/27/exchange-monday-wilderness/46198923243328031687/applications/blockStyle.php?last-name=6419f08706689953783a59fa4faeb75c/5wtYymZeVy/LKYcSFhKOi/showpost.php?s=2e3e8a3c3b6b00cd3033f8e20d174bf5&p=8&postcount=7/2006/08/05/fur-copper-shark/48396170957391254103/XD25OYwON1/showpost.php?s=abf72cd40a08463fad0b3d153da66cae&p=27&postcount=7/tV9FnNwo4h/b303debe9a6305791b9cd16b1f10b91e/promotion.php?catid=h/ef131fb2025525a/QLGWEFwfdh/550991586389812/core.write_file.php?lawyer=9H6UhvusOi/aPKr0Oe5GV/23861001482170285181/showpost.php?s=e74b32ba071772d5b55f97159db2e998&p=2&postcount=1/2/eb799e65a412b412ee63150944c7826d61cd7a544f7aa57029a9069698b4925b2068ed77dea8dc6210b933e3ecf1f35b/showthread.php?t=18024&page=14/js/archives/3f635a090e73f9b/showthread.php?t=6636&page=18/59cdf39001a623620bd7976a42dde55f190382060a264e21809fc51f/ff0a503d59ddb4d5e1fb663b6475dfe0ba08f0b84ce8692d/viewtopic.php?f=84&t=48361/615147354246727/339824645925013/nqHgct4sEE/showthread.php?t=51299&page=20/2012/04/22/present-measure-physical-examination(for those who would like to build their regexp, more pattern available here : https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Kafeine/public/master/Nebula_URI )2017-03-02 Nebula with its new pattern used here to drop Ramnit via Malvertising in NA - 2017-03-02This landing pattern change triggered the publication of this post. Nebula might end up not being a "vapor" EK but let's wait and see. The only difference with Sundown till today was its internal TDS.Exploits: CVE-2014-6332 + CVE-2015-0016CVE-2013-2551CVE-2016-0189 godmodeCVE-2015-8651CVE-2015-7645CVE-2016-4117Files: Nebula_2017-03-02 (2 fiddler - password is malware)Acknowledgement :Thanks Joseph C Chen and Brooks Li (Trendmicro), Frank Ruiz (Fox-IT InTELL) and Andrew Komarov ( InfoArmor Inc. ) for the help on different aspect of this post.Edit:2017-03-03 Corrected some CVE id + not all payload are in clear---Some IOCsDateSha256Comment2017/02/17f4627005c018071f8ec6b084eef3936e3a267660b0df99ffa0d27a8d943d1af5Flash Exploit (CVE-2016-4117)2017/02/27be86dc88e6337f09999991c206f890e0d52959d41f2bb4c6515b5442b23f2eccFlash Exploit (CVE-2016-4117)2017/02/1767d598c6acbd6545ab24bbd44cedcb825657746923f47473dc40d0d1f122abb6Flash Exploit (CVE-2015-7645 Sample seen previously in Sundown)2017/02/1704fb00bdd3d2c0667b18402323fe7cf495ace5e35a4562e1a30e14b26384f41cFlash Exploit (CVE-2015-8651 Sample seen previously in Sundown)2017/02/17b976cf6fd583b349e51cb34b73de6ef3a5ee72f86849f847b9158b4a7fb2315cPitou2017/02/176fe13d913f4d3f2286f67fbde08ab17418ba8370410e52354ffa12a0aaf498f8Gootkit2017/02/221a22211d01d2e8746efe0d14ab7e1e547c3e30863a83e0884a9d90325bd7b64bRamnit2017/03/026764f98ba6509b3351ad2f960dcc47c27d0dc00d53d7e0ae132a7c1d15067f4aDiamondFoxDateDomainIPComment2017/02/17tci.nhnph.com184.108.40.206Nebula Payload Domain2017/02/22gnd.lplwp.com126.96.36.199Nebula Payload Domain2017/02/24qcl.ylk8.xyz126.96.36.199Nebula Payload Domain2017/02/28hmn.losssubwayquilt.pw220.127.116.11Nebula Payload Domain2017/03/02qgg.losssubwayquilt.pw188.8.131.52Nebula Payload Domain2017/02/17agendawedge.shoemakerzippersuccess.stream18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/17clausmessage.nationweekretailer.club18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/17equipmentparticle.shockadvantagewilderness.club126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/17salaryfang.shockadvantagewilderness.club22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/22deficitshoulder.lossicedeficit.pw18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/22distributionjaw.hockeyopiniondust.club184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/22explanationlier.asiadeliveryarmenian.pro184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/23cowchange.distributionstatementdiploma.site22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/23instructionscomposition.pheasantmillisecondenvironment.stream188.8.131.52Nebula2017/02/23paymentceramic.pheasantmillisecondenvironment.stream22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/23soldierprice.distributionstatementdiploma.site18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/23swissfacilities.gumimprovementitalian.stream22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/23transportdrill.facilitiesturkishdipstick.info220.127.116.11Nebula2017/02/24authorisationmessage.casdfble.stream184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/24cowchange.distributionstatementdiploma.site188.8.131.52Nebula2017/02/24departmentant.distributionstatementdiploma.site18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/24disadvantageproduction.brassreductionquill.site22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/24disadvantageproduction.casdfble.stream126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/24europin.pedestrianpathexplanation.info126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/24hygienicreduction.brassreductionquill.site220.127.116.11Nebula2017/02/24hygienicreduction.casdfble.stream188.8.131.52Nebula2017/02/24instructionscomposition.pheasantmillisecondenvironment.stream184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/24jobhate.pedestrianpathexplanation.info18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/24limitsphere.pheasantmillisecondenvironment.stream22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/24paymentceramic.pheasantmillisecondenvironment.stream220.127.116.11Nebula2017/02/24penaltyinternet.asiadeliveryarmenian.pro126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/24phonefall.asiadeliveryarmenian.pro126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/24printeroutput.pheasantmillisecondenvironment.stream220.127.116.11Nebula2017/02/24redrepairs.distributionstatementdiploma.site18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/24soldierprice.distributionstatementdiploma.site188.8.131.52Nebula2017/02/24suggestionburn.distributionstatementdiploma.site18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/25advertiselaura.bubblecomparisonwar.top188.8.131.52Nebula2017/02/25apologycattle.gramsunshinesupply.club220.127.116.11Nebula2017/02/25apologycattle.gramsunshinesupply.club22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/25apologycattle.gramsunshinesupply.club18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/25apologycold.shearssuccessberry.club220.127.116.11Nebula2017/02/25authorizationmale.foundationspadeinventory.club126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/25birthdayexperience.foundationspadeinventory.club184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/25confirmationaustralian.retaileraugustplier.club188.8.131.52Nebula2017/02/25dancerretailer.shearssuccessberry.club184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/25employergoods.deliverycutadvantage.info126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/25fallhippopotamus.deliverycutadvantage.info22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/25goallicense.shearssuccessberry.club22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/25goalpanda.retaileraugustplier.club220.127.116.11Nebula2017/02/25holidayagenda.retaileraugustplier.club126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/25marketsunday.deliverycutadvantage.info22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/25penaltyinternet.asiadeliveryarmenian.pro188.8.131.52Nebula2017/02/25phonefall.asiadeliveryarmenian.pro184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/25purposeguarantee.shearssuccessberry.club22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/25rainstormpromotion.gramsunshinesupply.club18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/25rainstormpromotion.gramsunshinesupply.club22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/25rainstormpromotion.gramsunshinesupply.club184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/25rollinterest.asiadeliveryarmenian.pro22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/25startguarantee.gramsunshinesupply.club126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/25startguarantee.gramsunshinesupply.club184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/26advantagelamp.numberdeficitc-clamp.site184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/26apologycattle.gramsunshinesupply.club126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/26budgetdegree.maskobjectivebiplane.trade22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/26competitionseason.numberdeficitc-clamp.site184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/26customergazelle.cyclonesoybeanpossibility.bid184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/26decembercommission.divingfuelsalary.trade22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/26distributionfile.edgetaxprice.site184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/26equipmentwitness.maskobjectivebiplane.trade188.8.131.52Nebula2017/02/26invoiceburst.cyclonesoybeanpossibility.bid22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/26invoicegosling.edgetaxprice.site184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/26jailreduction.edgetaxprice.site184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/26rainstormpromotion.gramsunshinesupply.club126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/26startguarantee.gramsunshinesupply.club18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/27afforddrill.xzv4rzuctndfo.club126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/27approveriver.jsffu2zkt5va.trade220.127.116.11Nebula2017/02/27burglarsatin.jsffu2zkt5va.trade126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/27distributionfile.edgetaxprice.site188.8.131.52Nebula2017/02/27invoicegosling.edgetaxprice.site22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/27jailreduction.edgetaxprice.site188.8.131.52Nebula2017/02/27lipprice.edgetaxprice.site18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/27marginswiss.divingfuelsalary.trade184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/27outputfruit.divingfuelsalary.trade220.127.116.11Nebula2017/02/27rainstormpromotion.gramsunshinesupply.club126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/27reindeerprofit.divingfuelsalary.trade188.8.131.52Nebula2017/02/27reminderdonna.divingfuelsalary.trade18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/27startguarantee.gramsunshinesupply.club22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/27supplyheaven.gramsunshinesupply.club188.8.131.52Nebula2017/02/27transportbomb.gramsunshinesupply.club220.127.116.11Nebula2017/02/28afforddrill.xzv4rzuctndfo.club126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/28agesword.alvdxq1l6n0o.stream184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/28authorparticle.390a20778a68d056c40908025df2fc4e.site22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/28bakermagician.alvdxq1l6n0o.stream126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/28bombclick.alvdxq1l6n0o.stream18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/28burglarsatin.jsffu2zkt5va.trade22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/28certificationplanet.87692f31beea22522f1488df044e1dad.top22.214.171.124Nebula2017/02/28chooseravioli.87692f31beea22522f1488df044e1dad.top18.104.22.168Nebula2017/02/28coachadvantage.reportattackconifer.site220.127.116.11Nebula2017/02/28databasesilver.reportattackconifer.site184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/28date-of-birthtrout.87692f31beea22522f1488df044e1dad.top184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/28dependentswhorl.jsffu2zkt5va.trade184.108.40.206Nebula2017/02/28derpenquiry.87692f31beea22522f1488df044e1dad.top126.96.36.199Nebula2017/02/28domainconsider.mxkznekruoays.trade220.127.116.11Nebula2017/03/01agesword.alvdxq1l6n0o.stream188.8.131.52Nebula2017/03/01authorparticle.390a20778a68d056c40908025df2fc4e.site22.214.171.124Nebula2017/03/01bakermagician.alvdxq1l6n0o.stream220.127.116.11Nebula2017/03/01bombclick.alvdxq1l6n0o.stream220.127.116.11Nebula2017/03/02actressheight.knowledgedrugsaturday.club220.127.116.11Nebula2017/03/02agesword.alvdxq1l6n0o.stream188.8.131.52Nebula2017/03/02applywholesaler.tboapfmsyu.stream22.214.171.124Nebula2017/03/02approvepeak.knowledgedrugsaturday.club184.108.40.206Nebula2017/03/02bakermagician.alvdxq1l6n0o.stream220.127.116.11Nebula2017/03/02bombclick.alvdxq1l6n0o.stream22.214.171.124Nebula2017/03/02borrowfield.77e1084e.pro188.8.131.52Nebula2017/03/02boydescription.356020817786fb76e9361441800132c9.win188.8.131.52Nebula2017/03/02buglecommand.textfatherfont.info22.214.171.124Nebula2017/03/02buysummer.77e1084e.pro18.104.22.168Nebula2017/03/02captaincertification.77e1084e.pro18.104.22.168Nebula2017/03/02chargerule.textfatherfont.info126.96.36.199Nebula2017/03/02cityacoustic.textfatherfont.info188.8.131.52Nebula2017/03/02clickbarber.356020817786fb76e9361441800132c9.win184.108.40.206Nebula
CVE-2016-7200 & CVE-2016-7201 (Edge) and Exploit KitsWednesday March 8th, 2017 11:34:37 AM
RIG evolves, Neutrino waves goodbye, Empire Pack appearsMonday December 5th, 2016 03:32:30 PM
Around the middle of August many infection chains transitioned to RIG with more geo-focused bankers and less CryptXXX (CryptMic) Ransomware. Picture 1: Select Drive-by landscape - Middle of August 2016 vs Middle of July 2016RIG += internal TDS :Trying to understand that move, I suspected and confirmed the presence of an internal TDS (Traffic Distribution System) inside RIG Exploit Kit [Edit 2016-10-08 : It seems this functionality is limited to Empire Pack version of RIG]I believe this feature appeared in the EK market with Blackhole (if you are aware of a TDS integrated earlier directly in an EK please tell me) Picture2: Blackhole - 2012 - Internal TDS illustrationbut disappeared from the market with the end of Nuclear Pack Picture3: Nuclear Pack - 2016-03-09 - Internal TDS illustrationand Angler EK Picture 4 : Angler EK - Internal TDS illustrationThis is a key feature for load seller. It is making their day to day work with traffic provider far easier . It allows Exploit Kit operator to attach multiple payloads to a unique thread. The drop will be conditioned by Geo (and/or OS settings) of the victim.Obviously you can achieve the same result with any other exploit kit…but things are a little more difficult. You have to create one Exploit Kit thread per payload, use an external TDS (like Keitaro/Sutra/BlackHat TDS/SimpleTDS/BossTDS, etc…) and from that TDS, point the traffic to the correct Exploit Kit thread (or, if you buy traffic, tell your traffic provider where to send traffic for each targeted country). Picture 5: A Sutra TDS in action in 2012 - cf The path to infection RIG += RC4 encryption, dll drop and CVE-2016-0189:Around 2016-09-12 a variation of RIG (which i flag as RIG-v in my systems) appeared.A slightly different landing obfuscation, RC4 encoding, Neutrino-ish behavioral and added CVE-2016-0189 Picture 6: RIG-v Neutrino-ish behavioral captured by Brad Spengler's modified cuckoo Picture 7: CVE-2016-0189 from RIG-v after 3 step de-obfuscation pass.Neutrino waves goodbye ?On 2016-09-09 on underground it has been reported a message on Jabber from the Neutrino seller account :"we are closed. no new rents, no extends more"This explains a lot. Here are some of my last Neutrino pass for past month. Picture 8: Some Neutrino passes for past month and associated taxonomy tags in MispAs you can see several actors were still using it…Now here is what i get for the past days : Picture 9: Past days in DriveBy land Not shown here, Magnitude is still around, mostly striking in AsiaDay after day, each of them transitioned to RIG or "RIG-v". Around the 22nd of September 2016 the Neutrino advert and banner disappeared from underground. Picture 10: Last banner for Neutrino as of 2016-09-16Are we witnessing the end of Neutrino Exploit Kit ? To some degree. In fact it looks more like Neutrino is going in full "Private" mode "a la" Magnitude.Side reminder : Neutrino disappeared from march 2014 till november 2014A Neutrino VariantSeveral weeks ago, Trendmicro (Thanks!!) made me aware of a malvertising chain they spotted in Korea and Taiwan involving Neutrino. Picture 11: Neutrino-v pass on the 2016-09-21Upon replay I noticed that this Neutrino was somewhat different. Smoother CVE-2016-4117, more randomization in the landing, slightly modified flash bundle of exploits Picture 12: Neutrino-v flash ran into Maciej 's Neutrino decoder Note the pnw26 with no associated binary data, the rubbish and additionalInfoA Sample : 607f6c3795f6e0dedaa93a2df73e7e1192dcc7d73992cff337b895da3cba5523 Picture 13: Neutrino-v behavioral is a little different : drops name are not generated via the GetTempName api function k2(k) { var y = a(e + "." + e + "Request.5.1"); y.setProxy(n); y.open("GET", k(1), n); y.Option(n) = k(2); y.send(); if (200 == y.status) return Rf(y.responseText, k(n)) };Neutrino-v ensuring Wscript will use the default proxy (most often when a proxy is configured it's only for WinINet , WinHTTP proxy is not set and Wscript will try to connect directly and fail)I believe this Neutrino variant is in action in only one infection chain (If you think this is inaccurate, i'd love to hear about it) Picture 14: Neutrino-v seems to be used by only one actor to spread Cerber 0079xThe actor behind this chain is the same as the one featured in the Malwarebytes Neutrino EK: more Flash trickery post.Empire Pack:Coincidentally a new Exploit Kit is being talked about underground : Empire Pack. Private, not advertised. Picture 15: King of Loads - Empire Pack PanelSome might feel this interface quite familiar…A look a the favicon will give you a hint Picture 16: RIG EK favicon on Empire Pack panel Picture 17: RIG PanelIt seems Empire Pack project was thought upon Angler EK disappearance and launched around the 14th of August 2016.[Speculation] I think this launch could be related to the first wave of switch to RIG that occurred around that time. I think, Empire Pack is a RIG instance managed by a Reseller/Load Seller with strong underground connections. [/Speculation]RIG-v is a "vip" version of RIG. Now how exactly those three elements (RIG, RIG-v, Empire Pack) are overlapping, I don't know. I am aware of 3 variants of the API to RIGapi.php : historical RIG api3.php : RIG with internal TDS [ 2016-10-08 : This is Empire Pack. Appears to be using also remote_api after this post went live. I flag it as RIG-E ]remote_api.php : RIG-vBut Empire Pack might be api3, remote_api, or a bit of both of them.By the way RIG has also (as Nuclear and Angler endup doing) added IP Whitelisting on API calls to avoid easy EK tracking from there. :-" (Only whitelisted IP - from declared redirector or external TDS - can query the API to get the current landing) ConclusionLet's just conclude this post with statistics pages of two Neutrino threads Picture 18: Neutrino stats - Aus focused thread - 2016-07-15Picture 19: Neutrino stats on 1 Million traffic - 2016-06-09"We will be known forever by the tracks we leave"Santee Sioux TribeSome IOCsDateDomainIPComment2016-10-01szsiul.bluekill[.]top220.127.116.11Neutrino-v2016-10-01twqivrisa.pinkargue[.]top126.96.36.199Neutrino-v2016-10-01u0e1.wzpub4q7q[.]top22.214.171.124RIG-E (Empire Pack)2016-10-01adspixel[.]site22.214.171.124NeutrAds Redirector2016-09-30re.flighteducationfinancecompany[.]com220.127.116.11RIG-v2016-09-28add.alislameyah[.]org188.8.131.52RIG-v2016-09-28lovesdeals[.]ml22.214.171.124RIG-v2016-09-27dns.helicopterdog[.]com18.104.22.168RIG2016-09-26sv.flickscoop[.]net22.214.171.124RIG2016-09-26red.truewestcarpetcare[.]com22.214.171.124RIG-v2016-09-26oitutn.yellowcarry[.]top184.108.40.206NeutrinoAcknowledgementsThanks Malc0de, Joseph C Chen (Trendmicro), Will Metcalf ( EmergingThreat/Proofpoint) for their inputs and help on multiple aspect of this post.Edits2016-10-03 :Removed limitation to KOR and TWN for Neutrino-v use by NeutrAds as Trendmicro informed me they are now seeing them in other Geos.Added explanation about the IP whitelisting on RIG API (it was not clear)2016-10-08 :Updated with gained information on Empire Pack2016-11-01 :RIG standard is now also using the pattern introduces past week by RIG-v. It's now in version 4.https://twitter.com/kafeine/status/790482708870864896RIG panelThe only instance of RIG using old pattern is Empire Pack (which previously could be guessed by domains pattern)2016-11-18 : Empire (RIG-E) is now using RC4 encoding as well. (still on old pattern and landing)RIG-E Behavioral2016-12-03RIG-v has increased filtering on IP ranges and added a pre-landing to filter out non IE traffic.2016-12-03 RIG-v Pre-landingRead MoreRIG's Facelift - 2016-09-30 - SpiderLabs Is it the End of Angler ? - 2016-06-11 Neutrino : The come back ! (or Job314 the Alter EK) - 2014-11-01 Hello Neutrino ! - 2013-06-07The path to infection - Eye glance at the first line of "Russian Underground" - 2012-12-05
Fox stealer: another Pony ForkTuesday November 29th, 2016 02:25:59 PM
Gift for SweetTail-Fox-mlp by Mad-N-MonstrousSmall data drop about another Pony fork : Fox stealer.First sample of this malware I saw was at beginning of September 2016 thanks to Malc0de. After figuring out the panel name and to which advert it was tied we were referring to it as PonyForx.Advert :2016-08-11 - Sold underground by a user going with nickname "Cronbot"--------Стилер паролей и нетолько - Fox v1.0Мы выпускаем продукт на продажу. Уже проходит финальная стадия тестирования данного продукта.О продукте : 1. Умеет все что умеет пони. + добавлен новый софт.2. Актуален на 2016 год.3. Написан на С++ без дополнительных библиотек.4. Админка от пони.Условия : 1. Только аренда.2. Распространяется в виде EXE и DLL.3. Исходники продавать не будем.Аренда 250$ в месяц.Исходники 2000$ разово.----Translated by Jack Urban : ----Password stealer and more - Fox v.1.0We are releasing the product for general sale. Final stage of testing for this product is already underway.About the product:1. Is able to do everything that pony does. + new software has been added.2. Relevant for 2016.3. Written in C++ without additional libraries.4. Admin from pony.Conditions:1. For rent only.2. Distributed as an EXE and DLL.3. We will not be selling the source.Rent is $250 a month.Originals are a 2000$ one time fee. --------It's being loaded (with Locky Affid 13) by the Godzilla from ScriptJS (aka AfraidGate) group .MISP taxonomy tags reflecting ScriptJS activity in the last months(note : it's not the first time this group is pushing a stealer, they were dropping Pony with their Necurs between August and December 2015 [1] )2016-09-26 - ScriptJS infection chain into Neutrino into Godzilla loader into PonyForx and Locky Affid 13Here we can see the browsing history of the VM being sent to PonyForx (Fox stealer) C2Fox stealer (PonyForx) fingerprint in CuckooSample :cca1f8ba0be872ec86755e3defbb23c8fe4a272a6b4f7ec651302c5cddc5e183Associated C2:blognetoo[.]com/find.php/helloblognetoo[.]com/find.php/datablognetoo[.]com|22.214.171.124blognetoo[.]com|184.108.40.206Caught by ET rule :2821590 || ETPRO TROJAN Win32.Pony Variant Checkin[1] ScriptJS's Pony :master.districtpomade[.]com|220.127.116.11 - 2015-08-15 Pony C2 from ScriptJSjs.travelany[.]com[.]ve|126.96.36.199 - 2015-12-10 Pony C2 from ScriptJSRead More : http://pastebin.com/raw/uKLhTbLs few bits about ScriptJSInside Pony 1.7 / Fareit C&C - Botnet Control Panel - 2012-06-27Pony 1.9 (Win32/Fareit) - 2013-05-23 - Xylitol
CVE-2016-0189 (Internet Explorer) and Exploit KitWednesday January 31st, 2018 01:59:11 PM
Spotted by Symantec in the wild patched with MS16-051 in may 2016, CVE-2016-0189 is now being integrated in Exploit Kit.Neutrino Exploit Kit :Here 2016-07-13 but i am being told that i am late to the party.It's already [CN] documented hereNeutrino after ScriptJS redirector dropping Locky Affid 13- 2016-07-13Flash sample in that pass : 85b707cf63abc0f8cfe027153031e853fe452ed02034b792323eecd3bc0f7fd(Out of topic payload : 300a51b8f6ad362b3e32a5d6afd2759a910f1b6608a5565ddee0cad4e249ce18 - Locky Affid 13 ) Thanks to Malc0de for invaluable help here :)Files Here: Neutrino_CVE-2016-0189_160714 (Password is malware - VT Link)Sundown :Some evidence of CVE-2016-0189 being integrated in Sundown were spotted on jul 15 by @criznashOn the 16th I recorded a pass where the CVE-2016-0189 had his own calls :Sundown exploiting CVE-2016-0189 to drop Smokebot on the 2016-07-16(Out of topic payload : 61f9a4270c9deed0be5e0ff3b988d35cdb7f9054bc619d0dc1a65f7de812a3a1 beaconing to : vicolavicolom.com | 18.104.22.168 )Files : Sundown_CVE-2016-0189_160716 (password is malware)RIG:I saw it on 2016-09-12 but might have appeared before.RIG successfully exploiting CVE-2016-0189 - 2016-09-12CVE-2016-0189 from RIG after 3 step decoding passFiles : RIG_2016-0189_2016-09-12 (password is malware)Magnitude:Here pass from 2016-09-16 but is inside since at least 2016-09-04 (Source : Trendmicro - Thanks)CVE-2016-0189 in Magnitude on 2016-09-16Sorry i can't share fiddler publicly in that case (Those specific one would give to attack side too much information about some of the technics that can be used - You know how to contact me)Out of topic Payload: Cerbera0d9ad48459933348fc301d8479580f85298ca5e9933bd20e051b81371942b2cGrandSoft:Spotted first on 2017-09-22 here is traffic from 2018-01-30 on : Win10 Build 10240 - IE11.0.10240.16431 - KB3078071CVE-2016-0189 in GrandSoft on 2018-01-30Out of topic Payload: GandCrab Ransomwarea15c48c74a47e81c1c8b26073be58c64f7ff58717694d60b0b5498274e5d9243Fiddler here : GrandSoft_WorkingonIE11_Win10d.zip (pass is malware) Edits :2016-07-15 a previous version was stating CVE-2015-5122 for nw23. Fixed thanks to @dnpushme2016-07-20 Adding Sundown.2016-09-17 Adding RIG2016-09-19 Adding Magnitude2018-01-30 Adding GrandSoft (but appeared there on 2017-09-22)Read More :[CN] NeutrinoEK来袭:爱拍网遭敲诈者病毒挂马 2016-07-14 - Qihoo360Patch Analysis of CVE-2016-0189 - 2016-06-22 - TheoriInternet Explorer zero-day exploit used in targeted attacks in South Korea - 2016-05-10 - SymantecNeutrino EK: fingerprinting in a Flash - 2016-06-28 - MalwarebytesPost publication Reading :Exploit Kits Quickly Adopt Exploit Thanks to Open Source Release - 2016-07-14 - FireEye
Is it the End of Angler ?Tuesday August 30th, 2016 02:05:23 PM
Everyone looking at the DriveBy landscape is seeing the same : as Nuclear disappeared around April 30th, Angler EK has totally vanished on June 7th. We were first thinking about Vacation as in January 2016 or maybe Infrastructure move. But something else is going on.---On the Week-End of the 4-5th of June I noticed that the ongoing malvertising from SadClowns was redirecting to Neutrino Exploit Kit (dropping Cerber)EngageBDR malvertising redirecting to SadClowns infra pushing traffic to Neutrino to Drop Cerber RansomwareOn the 6th I noticed several group migrating to RIG, Neutrino or even Sundown.But I got speechless when I noticed that GooNky had switched to Neutrino to spread their CryptXXX U000001 and U000006.They were sticking exclusively to Angler EK since years and their vacation were synchronized with Angler's in January.Checking all known to me infection path I could hardly find some Angler....last one were behind the EItest infection chain on the night of the 6th to 7th of June.Last Angler pass I captured on 2016-06-07EITest into Angler dropping CryptXXX 3.200 U000017On June 7th around 5:30 AM GMT my tracker recorded its last Angler hit :Last Hit in my Angler tracker.After that...RIG, Neutrino instead of Angler almost everywhere.[Side note: Magnitude is still around...But as mentioned earlier it's a One Actor operation since some time]Aside SadClowns and GooNky here are two other big (cf traffic volume) group which transition has not been covered already"WordsJS" (named NTL/NTLR by RiskIQ) into Neutrino > CryptXXX U0000102016-06-10"ScriptJS" (Named DoublePar by RiskIQ and AfraidGate by PaloAlto) into Neutrino > CryptXXX U000011This gang was historically dropping Necurs, then Locky Affid13 before going to CryptXXXIllustrating with a picture of words and some arrows:MISP : select documented EK pass with associated tags.1 arrow where you would have find Angler several days before.(+ SadClowns + GooNky not featured in that selection)With the recent 50 arrests tied to Lurk in mind and knowing the infection vector for Lurk was the "Indexm" variant of Angler between 2012 and beginning of 2016...we might think there is a connection and that some actors are stepping back.Another hint that this is probably not vacation "only" for Angler is that Neutrino changed its conditions on June 9th. From 880$ per week on shared server and 3.5k$ per month on dedicated, Neutrino doubled the price to 7k$ on dedicated only (no more per week work). Such move were seen in reaction to Blackhole's coder (Paunch) arrest in October 2013.So is this the End of Angler ? The pages to be written will tell us."If a book is well written, I always find it too short." ― Jane Austen, Sense and SensibilityPost publication notes:[2016-06-12]RIG : mentioned they were sill alive and would not change their Price.Maybe unrelated to RIG mention, Neutrino updated his thread as announced previously on underground but conditions are revisited :------Google translate:-----Tarif week on a shared server:Rent: $ 1500Limit: 100k hosts per dayOne-time daily discharge limits: $ 200Rate per month on a dedicated server:Rent: $ 4000Limits: 500k hosts per day, and more - on an individual basis.One-time daily discharge limits: $ 200----------------So now only price per week is doubled and month rate + ~20%[2016-06-13]Our exploit kit stats for the last two weeks… Angler dives, Neutrino soars. pic.twitter.com/RcYAH6tVck— News from the Lab (@FSLabs) June 13, 2016Acknowledgement:Thanks to Will Metcalf (Emerging Threats/Proofpoint) who made the replay of SadClowns' malvertising possible. Thanks to EKWatcher and Malc0de for their help on several points.Read More :XXX is Angler EK - 2015-12-21Russian hacker gang arrested over $25m theft - 2016-06-02 - BBC NewsNeutrino EK and CryptXXX - 2016-06-08 - ISCSansLurk Banker Trojan: Exclusively for Russia - 2016-06-10 - Securelist - KasperskyHow we helped to catch one of the most dangerous gangs of financial cybercriminals - 2016-08-30 - SecureList
CVE-2016-4117 (Flash up to 184.108.40.206) and Exploit KitsSaturday September 3rd, 2016 09:19:31 AM
Discovered being exploited in the wild by FireEye [1] on May 8, 2016, patched 4 days later with Flash 220.127.116.11, CVE-2016-4117 is making its way to Exploit Kits.Magnitude :CVE confirmed by FireEye - Thanks !On 2016-05-21 Magnitude is firing an exploit to Flash up to 184.108.40.206.Magnitude firing exploit to Flash 184.108.40.206 - 2016-05-21For now i did not get exploitation in the different pass i tried but in the Flash exploit we can see some quite explicit imports : import com.adobe.tvsdk.mediacore.timeline.operations.DeleteRangeTimelineOperation;Magnitude Flash Exploit showing import of the DeleteRangeTimelineOperationSpotted sample : f5cea58952ff30e9bd2a935f5843d15952b4cf85cdd1ad5d01c8de2000c48b0aFiddler sent here.Updates to come as it appears to be a work in progress.Neutrino :2016-05-23Spotted by Eset.2016-05-23 Neutrino successfully exploit CVE-2016-4117 on Flash 220.127.116.11 and drop here CryptXXXSample in that pass : 30984accbf40f0920675f6ba0b6daf2a3b6d32c751fd6d673bddead2413170e8Fiddler sent here (Password is malware)Out of topic payload: 110891e2b7b992e238d4afbaa31e165a6e9c25de2aed442574d3993734fb5220 CryptXXXAngler EK:2016-05-23CVE identification by Henri Nurmi from F-Secure. Thanks !Angler EK successfully exploit Flash 188.8.131.52 on 2016-05-23 dropping DridexSample in that pass : 310528e97a26f3fee05baea69230f8b619481ac53c2325da90345ae7713dcee2Fiddler sent hereOut of topic payload : 99a6f5674b738591588416390f22dedd8dac9cf5aa14d0959208b0087b718902Most likely Dridex 123 targeting Germany based on distribution path.Sundown : [3]2016-08-27Sample in that pass : cf6be39135d8663be5241229e0f6651f9195a7434202067616ae00712a4e34e6 Fiddler sent here (password : malware)Read More:[1] CVE-2016-4117: Flash Zero-Day Exploited in the Wild - 2016-05-13 - Genwei Jiang - FireEye[2] New Flash Vulnerability CVE-2016-4117 Shares Similarities With Older Pawn Storm Exploit - 2016-05-13 - Moony Li - TrendMicro[3] Sundown EK – Stealing Its Way to the Top - 2016-09-02 - Spiderlabs
U-Admin (Universal Admin): A Phishing(Web&Android)/Grabber/ATS/Token kitTuesday May 17th, 2016 09:43:21 AM
Fallout Vault Boy maskThe goal of the post is to open-source data on a kit that has been seen live impersonating bank portal. This is mostly Raw data, few part only will be "google translated".On September 2015 the 16th, an advert about a multipurpose kit appeared underground :------------------------------------------By: [Redacted]Subject : Инжекты | Админки | Фейки, -50% от рыночных цен -Доброе время суток всем.Рад предоставить свои услуги по разработке следующих проектов:Инжекты;Grabers 80-150$*;Pasive ATS 500-800$*;Active ATS 800-1500$*;Tooken Panels 400-800$*;Replacers 200-400$*;И многое другое...Фейки;Простые клоны 70-150$*;Продвинутые с перехватом 200-500$*;Админки на пхп;Под любые нужды ...*данные цены служат ориентиром. Реальная цена будет зависеть от каждого техзадания индивидуальноJabber( [Redacted]@exploit.im )ICQ( 6[Redacted]8 )------------------------------------------Google Translated as :------------------------------------------By: [Redacted]Subject: Inject | admin area | Fakes, -50% of the market price -Good time of day to all.I am glad to provide services for the development of the following projects:Inject;Grabers 80-150 $ *;Pasive ATS 500-800 $ *;Active ATS 800-1500 $ *;Tooken Panels 400-800 $ *;Replacers 200-400 $ *;And much more...fakes;Simple clones 70-150 $ *;Advanced interception $ 200-500 *;Admin Center on php;Under any needs ...* These prices are a guide. The actual price will depend on each individual ToRsJabber ([Redacted] @ exploit.im)ICQ (6[Redacted]8)------------------------------------------NB : The Subject became later :--Инжекты | Админки | Фейки | Android Инжекты, -50% от рыночных цен --Inject | admin area | fakes | Inject Android, 50% of the market price ---Seller later added :------------------------------------------Последее время очень мнoго вопросов по поводу как работает перехват на скам странице. Решил детально описать процес чтобы изначально не вводить клиентов в заблуждение.В самом начале надо понять что такое "СКАМ СТАНИЦА"."СКАМ СТРАНИЦА"- это копия реальной странички логина в банк ,которая находится на нашем сервере с похожем на банк доменом. Все детали вводимые на ней будут лететь к нам.Далее уже на выбор, или дание идут на емайл, или на специально сделанную админку.Тоесть суть замута такова:жертва попадает на нашу страницу ->вводит данные->потом наша страница кидает жертву обратно на оригинал ->и мы поже ипользуем данные сами чтобы войти..| Это самый примитивный пример , на самом деле все чуток сложнее и зависит от фантазии заказа .Дальше надо понять что такое "ПЕРЕХВАТ"."ПЕРЕХВАТ" - eто вид обмана, очень часто ипользуетса в инжектах. Само название говорит за себя.Инжект перехватывает дание в рельном времени и присылает нам . В это время жертва как обычно ждет с гиф на экране,а вы заходите вместо него.| Зачем это надо?Затем что если для перевода вам требуется дополнительно второй пароль/смс/тукен то можно это запросить ,пока жертва ждёт, через специально сделанные команды в админке.Основной бенефит что это можно делать повторно ,много раз.|| Перехват на скам страничке работать точно также . Жертвa вводить дание и ждет пока мы его спросим то что нам надо.|Поэтапно:Преставим себе что есть банк где на вход надо UserName и Password . На активацию перевода по IBAN надо нoмер с тукен-прибора (Pin1) и для переводa надо ввести номер в тукен-прибор и тукен-прибор даст нам номер обратно (Pin2)Теперь преставим себе что у нас есть скам странница на этот банк , которая будет отсылать нам получение даные для входа и потом покажет заставку жертве с просьбой подождать. Мы находимся на другом конце в админке и наблюдаем такую катину .Краткое пособие по админке."I'am Online"- показывает находится ли оператор в админке , если "Off-line" то все жертвы будут перенаправлены обратно на оригинал страницу.Колонка "Keys" это есть полученные детали для входа.Колонка "Pin" это для получених тукенов/пинов .Колонка "Task" для добавленья операции по запросу тукена/пинов .Колонка "Redirect" показывает релле редиректа конкретной жертвы . Если поставить "On" то жертва будет перенапрвлена на оригинал сразу.| *Если жертва мегает красним то это значит что жертва какраз ждет от вас комадуИ так , на даном этапе у нас есть логины для входа , и ждущий человвек на нашей странице .Входим, идем на активацию IBAN . Там нас спрашивает Pin1/Tooken1 .Мы идем обратно на админку и нажимаем запрос операции. У нас откроется окно с выбором операций .Нажимаем на "ask Pin1" и жертва видит вот это:Дальше все просто. Жертва вводить "pin1" и он приходит к нам на админку . А жертва в это время снова видит пред собой заставку "подождите" .Если пин подошол, идем на перевод и такимже способом просим "pin2". Важно понимать что это все можно повторять много раз и после неверного пина можно снова его запросить .Если залив ушол , ставим "Redirect" на "On" и юсер уходит на оригинал. Или в продвинутых системах можно показать ему техроботы и попросить зайти попоже.Вот и все!**Все тексты на английском по админке написаны с ошибками , я это знаю ).Делал очень быстро . Никак не дойдут руки сделать до конца ------------------------------------------On march 2016 the 9th :------------------------------------------доброе время суток всем.С великой радостью рад предложить свои услуги по разработке инжектов под мобильные устройства для многих публичных андроид ботов .Цены зависят от тех заданий .Пример роботы на один из UK линков можно посмотреть тут [REDACTED]pass:demoWith great joy, I am pleased to offer its services on developing injects for mobile devices for many public android bots.The prices depend on those jobs.An example of one of the injects on the UK link can be found here [REDACTED]pass:demo------------------------------------------Files mirrored here. (pass: demo)On march 2016 the 16th:------------------------------------------Ladie's and Gentlemen's.Don't miss out some fresh and well-designed mobile injects for UK.9 common links.Hight % success task.------------------------------------------On march 2016 the 31st:------------------------------------------Доброе время суток всем.Последним временем много клиентов задают одни и те же вопросы связаны с видео o работе перехвата на Нидерланды.Я решил более детально описать систему работы и поставить ее где-то в общедоступном месте.Прежде всего пару строчек хотел бы написать o админ панели. Oна называется Universal Admin. называется она не просто так Универсал,у нее реализована возможность поддерживать много разных проектов таких как: Tooken intercept,Text manager,Log parser,Drop manager и многое другое.[2 images here...not available at dump time]Не обращайте внимания на разные цвета и стили на Скринах ,стили меняются тоже прямо с админки.[1 image here...not available at dump time]Tо есть админ панель одна а плагинов под нее может быть много.Hа видео Вы видели эту админку с плагином Tooken intercept + Text manager.Text manager-это менеджер текстовых блоков и название кнопок, которые будут автоматически вставляется в вашы страницы,инжекты и фишинг сраницы.[1 images here...not available at dump time]Все что надо сделать для работы это создать текстовый блок с определенным ID ,потом на вашей странице создать элемент с этим же ID ивставить одну функцию в конец документа.Для примера: У вас есть инжект в котором есть определенная Легенда запроса дополнительной информации.Чтобы изменить эту Легенду вам как минимум надо разбираться в HTML и как максимум пересобирать конфигурацию бота.С помощью текстового менеджера в моей админке все что вам надо это поменять текст в определенном блоке и нажать сохранить.Tooken intercept- это собственно то о чем мы будем сейчас говорить.Не важно каким способом Вы стараетесь обмануть жертву (Injec ,phishing page) цель является добытие определенного пакета информации .Для примера скажем у вас есть Paypal Phishing page с помощью которой вы добывайте username и пароль. эти данные отсылаются куда-то наадминку в нашем случае это Universal Admin.Username и пароль это и есть тот самый пакет информации который после отправки формы сохраняются у вас ,а кокретно вот тут[1 image here...not available at dump time]Использовать эту информацию можно по-разному в зависимости от вашего проекта.Одним из методов использования этой информации является перехват(intercept) ,то есть использовать информацию в реальном времени прямо сейчас.Вы перехватили username и пароль и вместо жертвы попадаете на ак ,пока жертва ждет думая что страница грузится.В случае с PayPal использования перехвата не совсем обязательно, так как полученные пакет информации а именно username и пароль Выможете использовать и через неделю. Но в связи с тем что последнее время много контор используют One Time password(Tooken),которые действительны только 30 секунд, обойтись без Tooken interstep нереально. Tooken intercept дает вам возможность использовать тот самый пароль(tooken) на протяжении 30 секунд пока жертва ждет загрузки следующей страницы. Возьмем тот же PayPal. Скажем вы получили только что username и пароль, зашли внутрь, и на главной странице вам выскочила рамочка гдеговорится что для подтверждения вашей личности на ваш мобильный телефон был отправлен SMS с коротким кодом(Tooken) код который надо вести тam же в рамочкe.Код который был отправлен на мобильный телефон жертвы!!! жертва которая на данный момент находится на вашей странице(Phishing Inject)!!!там где только что она(жертва) ввела username и пароль, username и пароль те что пришли к вам на админку и те что вы использовали для тогочтобы зайти на тот самый аккаунт где вам выскочила рамочка!! В стандартных методах это называется запал и етот пакет информации можно выбросить. можно сделать такую же рамочку после логин этападля всех юзеров на нашей пишем фишинг или инжекте, но проблема в том что это рамочка показывается не всем и не всегда и если жертвена телефон ничего не приходило то он туда ничего никогда не ведет.Я думаю всем понятно что здесь нужна динамическая страница с дистанционным управлением. То есть вы должны принимать решения показыватьрамочку данной жертве или не показывать.Именно это и есть основа.Страница которая присоединена к нашей админке может меняться исходя из команд которые вы задаете в админке.Команд может быть много, но для этого в определенном месте в админке для каждой жертвы eсть список команд, которые можнозадать для данной страницы на которой он(жертвa) находится.[1 image here...not available at dump time]в нашем примитивном пример из PayPal в списке операции должнa присутствовать кнопка "показать рамочку".Если вы зашли на аккаунт с только что полученными данными и у вас выкидывает эту рамочку вы нажимаете кнопку "показать рамочку" для данной жертвой.И у нее на экране покажет такую же рамочку.Tooken, который будет введён в эту рамочку прилетит к вам на админ туда же где лежат username и пароль от этой жертвы.Думаю здесь все понятно.Единственное что хотел бы подчеркнуть то что жертва в любой момент может закрыть страницу закрыть компьютер вырубить сеть.В таком случае связь страницы с админкой теряется и задавать команды для данной страницы не имеет смысла.Для этого в нашей админке есть Tracker онлайн статуса который позволяет нам следить находится ли жертва онлайн или нет. [1 image here...not available at dump time]Теперь структура Tooken intercept админки.Первая страница это главная страница где показана текучка всех посетителей(жертв) ваших инжектов и фишингов.Напротив каждого посетителя есть кнопка O-Panel при нажатии на которую вы попадаете уже на индивидуальную панель операций для данного посетителя.[1 image here...not available at dump time] Именно здесь и находится список операций.Именно здесь крупным планом видно онлайн статус. Прошу заметить что онлайн статусов бывает 3(ONLINE, OFFLINE и WAITING).WAITING статус светится красным и светится только тогда когда жертва ждет операции от вас ,то есть только что вам был отправленпакет информации и страница ждет дальнейших инструкций!.[1 image here...not available at dump time]Также жертва с этим статусом мигает красным и на главной странице что поднимает их в таблице вверх. Окей давайте теперь возьмем реальный пример Phishing страницы скажем одного из нидерландских банков. тут реализованные как PCтак и мобильная версия.[1 image here...not available at dump time]Вы делаете рассылку на email и линки могут открываться на мобильном. в основном 50% так и происходит.Скажем кто-то(жертвa) переходит на Линк в вашем email и попадает на нашу страницу. Вы об этом узнаете сразу через Jabber Alert,в котором будет говориться про нового посетителя.Самое время открыть Universal панель. там вы увидите Новую колонку с информацией про посетителя а Конкретно его айпи ширина экрана и многое другое[1 image here...not available at dump time]с минуты на минуту к нам прилетят логины, их можно ждать как на главной так и на O-Panel.после того как Вы получили логины, Посетитель уходит в режим ожидания. об этом Вам будут говорить красные мигающие панели, она экранe у жертвы будет примерно такое[1 image here...not available at dump time]Что делать вам с полученным пакетом Логинов Решать только Вам. Но если у вас, находясь внутри в аккаунте, попросят ввести tooken, пароль, SMS пароль то самое время вернуться на O-Panel и нажать соответствующую команду. Команда которая приведет к тому что страница на которой находится жертва покажет ему запрос того что вам надо.[1 image here...not available at dump time]После того как жертва ввела в форму Tooken ,она снова уходит в режим ожидания, и Вы снова должны определиться что делать и какую команду ему дать. И так до бесконечности или пока жертва не Закроет страницу. Но если все-таки это надоест вам то у васесть два варианта распрощаться жертвой. это поставить блок [1 image here...not available at dump time]или перенаправить его на оригинал страницу.[1 image here...not available at dump time]При работе с одним посетителем могут стучать другие новые.Это будет отвлекать и все новые посетители будут ждать. чтобы этого избежать на главной странице есть ричашки которые контролируютрегистрацию новых посетителей и переадресацию старых поголовно. Если поставить регистрацию OFF ,то в админке только будут работать Те кто уже Там есть, все новые будут попадать на оригинал страницы контор.A если поставить редирект всех ,то все посетители(жертвы) кто есть в админке будут перенаправлены на свои оригинальные страницы поголовно.Это надо делать когда вы собрались к примеру уходить.------------------------------------------On april 2016 the 4th:------------------------------------------увжаемые друзьяновые инжекты под Андроид------------------------------------------On april 2016 the 11th:------------------------------------------Продается Пак инжектов под андроид для сбора карт.WhatsUpFacebookInstagramViberSkaypGooglePlayPrice:450$user posted imageОбезательно посмотрите видео. В инжектах реализованы Responsive & animations приемы.[Redacted]pass:1qaz------------------------------------------File mirrored here (pass : 1qaz)On april 2016 the 12th:------------------------------------------Pack of Injects for Columbia banks for sale.Credit cards colectors with admin panel on https domen.bancofalabellarbmcolombiacolpatriabancolombiabbvanetbancodeoccidentebancodebogotabancopichinchaPrice:800$[3 images here...not available at dump time]Video: [Redacted]Pass:columbia ------------------------------------------File mirrored here (pass: columbia)On april 2016 the 14th:------------------------------------------Pack of Injects for Canada banks for sale.Credit cards colectors with admin panel on https domen.TdCibcBmoDesjRbcPrice:500$[3 images here...not available at dump time]Video: [Redacted]Pass:canada ------------------------------------------File mirrored here (pass: canada)On april 2016 the 18th:------------------------------------------Недавно вышел апдейт на U-admin(Universal Admin).Теперь все более соответствует написанному выше описанием.Админ панель теперь имеют специальную директорию под plugins, и все плагины в этой директории автоматически прописывается в админке.[1 image here...not available at dump time]Например, вы приобрели U-admin а потом "Log parser Plugin". Для этого вам просто надо поставить папку Log parser в плагин директорию в админке.Также был разработан VNC плагин который дает возможность коннектится к вашему botnet API с запросом на соединение по VNC/SOCKS для определенного бота.Этот плагин является дополнением к "Tooken Intercept" плагина про который я писал вам выше. Если вы используете "Tooken Intercept" с инжектороми в вашем боте есть в VNC, и в админке вашего Бота есть API управление VNC то при наличии VLC plugin в U-admin возможно сделать запрос на соединение по vnc или socks с ботом.Как правило это делается автоматически при самом первом соединение с инжектоm,то есть когда жертва заходит на страницу перехвата.В связи с этим была слегка переделана O-Panel где в команды была добавлена новая опция проверки статуса VNC/SOCKS соединение.[1 image here...not available at dump time]Куда ,как вы видите, при успешном соединении выводятся данные на VNC/SOCKS------------------------------------------File Tree from some components :Folder PATH listingUADMIN_| cp.php| head.php| index.php| login.php| session.php| +---files| | animate.css| | bootbox.min.js| | bootstrap-notify.min.js| | bootstrap-social.css| | hover-min.css| | index.php| | jquery-ui.css| | jquery-ui.min.js| | jquery.js| | my.css| | | +---bootstrap| | +---css| | | bootstrap-theme.css| | | bootstrap-theme.css.map| | | bootstrap-theme.min.css| | | bootstrap-theme.min.css.map| | | bootstrap.css| | | bootstrap.css.map| | | bootstrap.min.css| | | bootstrap.min.css.map| | | | | +---fonts| | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot| | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg| | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf| | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff| | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff2| | | | | +---js| | | bootstrap.js| | | bootstrap.min.js| | | npm.js| | | | | \---switch| | bootstrap-switch.min.css| | bootstrap-switch.min.js| | | +---dt| | dataTables.bootstrap.min.css| | dataTables.bootstrap.min.js| | jquery.dataTables.min.js| | | \---images| ui-icons_444444_256x240.png| ui-icons_555555_256x240.png| ui-icons_777620_256x240.png| ui-icons_777777_256x240.png| ui-icons_cc0000_256x240.png| ui-icons_ffffff_256x240.png| +---opt| geo_switch.txt| index.php| theme.txt| +---plugins| +---intercept| | | bc.php| | | class.jabber.php| | | dynamic__part.php| | | functions.php| | | gate.php| | | head.php| | | index.php| | | main.php| | | panel.php| | | text.php| | | | | +---ajax| | | cp_ajax.php| | | index.php| | | | | +---files| | | | animate.css| | | | bootbox.min.js| | | | bootstrap-notify.min.js| | | | bootstrap-social.css| | | | hover-min.css| | | | index.php| | | | jquery-ui.css| | | | jquery-ui.min.js| | | | jquery.js| | | | my.css| | | | | | | +---bootstrap| | | | +---css| | | | | bootstrap-theme.css| | | | | bootstrap-theme.css.map| | | | | bootstrap-theme.min.css| | | | | bootstrap-theme.min.css.map| | | | | bootstrap.css| | | | | bootstrap.css.map| | | | | bootstrap.min.css| | | | | bootstrap.min.css.map| | | | | | | | | +---fonts| | | | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot| | | | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg| | | | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf| | | | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff| | | | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff2| | | | | | | | | +---js| | | | | bootstrap.js| | | | | bootstrap.min.js| | | | | npm.js| | | | | | | | | \---switch| | | | bootstrap-switch.min.css| | | | bootstrap-switch.min.js| | | | | | | +---dt| | | | dataTables.bootstrap.min.css| | | | dataTables.bootstrap.min.js| | | | jquery.dataTables.min.js| | | | | | | \---images| | | ui-icons_444444_256x240.png| | | ui-icons_555555_256x240.png| | | ui-icons_777620_256x240.png| | | ui-icons_777777_256x240.png| | | ui-icons_cc0000_256x240.png| | | ui-icons_ffffff_256x240.png| | | | | \---public| | .ht.db| | index.php| | Removed.txt| | | +---log_parser| | | functions.php| | | gate.php| | | head.php| | | index.php| | | main.php| | | | | +---ajax| | | server_side.php| | | ssp.class.php| | | | | +---classes| | | browser.php| | | | | +---files| | | | animate.css| | | | bootbox.min.js| | | | bootstrap-notify.min.js| | | | bootstrap-social.css| | | | hover-min.css| | | | jquery-ui.min.js| | | | jquery.js| | | | my.css| | | | | | | +---bootstrap| | | | +---css| | | | | bootstrap-theme.css| | | | | bootstrap-theme.css.map| | | | | bootstrap-theme.min.css| | | | | bootstrap-theme.min.css.map| | | | | bootstrap.css| | | | | bootstrap.css.map| | | | | bootstrap.min.css| | | | | bootstrap.min.css.map| | | | | | | | | +---fonts| | | | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot| | | | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg| | | | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf| | | | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff| | | | | glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff2| | | | | | | | | +---js| | | | | bootstrap.js| | | | | bootstrap.min.js| | | | | npm.js| | | | | | | | | \---switch| | | | bootstrap-switch.min.css| | | | bootstrap-switch.min.js| | | | | | | \---dt| | | dataTables.bootstrap.min.css| | | dataTables.bootstrap.min.js| | | jquery.dataTables.min.js| | | | | \---public| | .htBd.db| | geo_switch.txt| | index.php| | theme.txt| | | +---settings| | | functions.php| | | index.php| | | main.php| | | | | \---public| | cfg.php| | index.php| | | +---style| | | functions.php| | | index.php| | | main.php| | | | | \---public| | index.php| | | \---text| | functions.php| | main.php| | text.php| | | \---public| index.php| texts.txt| \---scrNote: If you are interested by the [Redacted] part please send a mail
Bedep has raised its game vs Bot ZombiesSunday January 21st, 2018 10:39:22 PM
Simulacra & Simulation - Jean BaudrillardFeatured in MatrixBedep could be described as a fileless loader with a resident module that can optionally perform AdFraud. It's intimate to Angler EK and appeared around August 2014. On the 2016-03-24 I noticed several move in Bedep. Angler infecting a VM and integrating it into an instance of Bedep botnet2016-03-24No more variable in the URI (as several month before), the protocol Key changed and in most of my manual checks, all threads were sending a strange payload in the first stream.2ko size for Win7 64bits :80eb8a6aba5e6e70fb6c4032242e9ae82ce305d656b4ed8b629b24e1df0aef9aPopup shown by the first payload from Bedep Stream - Win7(in the background Angler Landing)48ko size for WinXP 32bits:a0fe4139133ddb62e6db8608696ecdaf5ea6ca79b5e049371a93a83cbcc8e780Popup shown by the first payload from Bedep Stream - WinXPLooking at my traffic I thought for some time that one of the Bedep instances was split in two.Then I understood that I got different result on my "manually" driven VM (on VMWare ESXi) and my automated Cuckoo driven one ( on VirtualBox). I suspected it was related to hardening, as this is one of the main difference between those two systems.And I got confirmation. Here is an example on a GooNky ([1] [2] [3]) malvertising traffic in Australia :A VM not hardened enough against Bedep got redirected to a "decoy" instance of Bedep that i will refer as :Bedep "Robot Town" - 2016-04-12Now look what i get instead with a VM that is not spotted as is:Same Angler thread - VM not detected. 1st Stream get Vawtrak2016-04-12( Vawtrak in that stream d24674f2f9879ee9cec3eeb49185d4ea6bf555d150b4e840407051192eda1d61 )I am not skilled enough to give you the list of checks Bedep is doing. But here is one of them spotted by Cuckoo :Bedep doing some ACPI checksI think there are multiple level of checks. Some resulting in Bedep not trying to contact the C&C, some where the positive check end up with a different seed for the Bedep DGA redirecting spotted machines in a dedicated instance. This is quite powerful :- the checks are made without dropping an executable. - if you don't know what to expect it's quite difficult to figure out that you have been trapped- there is a lot of things that operators can do with this list of known bots and initial Bedep thread ID. One of them is for instance knowing which of the infection path are researcher/bots "highway" :Illustration for Bedep "Robot Town" from an "infection path" focused point of viewThis could be just a move to perform different tasks (AdFraud only (?) ) on VMs, but my guess it that this Bedep evolution on 2016-03-24 is a fast reaction to this Proofpoint Blog from 2016-03-18 which show how Bedep threads are additional connectable dots. Sharing publicly is often a difficult decision. The question is which side will benefits the most from it, in the long time.For researchers:In the last 3 weeks, if your VM have communicated with :220.127.116.11 (which is a Bedep ip from end of 2015 reused) || ( 126.96.36.199 && http.uri.path "ads.php?sid=1901" ) and you are interested by the "real payload" then you might want to give PAfish a run.Marvin - Paranoid AndroidOn the other hand, any of your VM which has communicated with 22.214.171.124 (Bedep "standard" 18xx 19xx instance) since the 24 of March is hardened enough to grab the real payload.[Edits]- Removed the AU focused mention on the Vawtrak. I have been told (Thanks ! ) it's US focused. Got geo Glitched. Maybe more about that a day or the other.- Refine the check conditions for Researcher. IP 18.104.22.168 and sid=1901...otherwise...ok :)[/Edits]Acknowledgements :Thanks Will Metcalf and Malc0de for the discussions and help on this topic--I'm sorry, but I must do it...Greetings to Angler and Bedep guys. 😉 You are keeping us busy...and awake !Reading :Video Malvertising Bringing New Risks to High-Profile Sites - 2016-03-18 - ProofpointBedep's DGA: Trading Foreign Exchange for Malware Domains - 2015-04-21 - Dennis Schwarz - ArborSertAngler EK : now capable of "fileless" infection (memory malware) - 2014-08-30Modifying VirtualBox settings for malware analysis - 2012-08-23 - Mikael Keri
CVE-2016-1019 (Flash up to 18.104.22.168/187) and Exploit KitsThursday May 5th, 2016 06:01:55 AM
Spotted in a "degraded" version on the 2016-04-02 in Magnitude, live also since 2016-03-31 in Nuclear Pack, Adobe was really fast at fixing this vulnerability with the patch released on the 2016-04-07 bringing Flash Player to version 188.8.131.52It's not the first time a "0day" exploit is being used in a "degraded" state.This happened before with Angler and CVE-2015-0310 and CVE-2014-8439You'll find more details about the finding on that Proofpoint blog here :"Killing a zero-day in the egg: Adobe CVE-2016-1019"and on that FireEye blog here:CVE-2016-1019: A new flash exploit included in Magnitude Exploit KitNote : we worked with Eset, Kaspersky and Microsoft as well on this case.Nuclear Pack :2016-03-31 "Degraded"Identification by Eset, Kaspersky and FireEye (Thanks)Exploit sent to Flash Player 188.8.131.526 by Nuclear Pack on the 2016-03-31CVE-2016-1019 insideSample in that pass: 301f163644a525155d5e8fe643b07dceac19014620a362d6db4dded65d9cad90Out of topic example of payload dropped that day by that instance of Nuclear : 42904b23cff35cc3b87045f21f82ba8b (locky)Note the string "CVE-2016-1001" in the Nuclear Pack, explaining why maybe this exploit is being used in a degraded state.CVE-2016-1001 string spotted by Denis O'Brien (Malwageddon), the 2016-04-05 in Nuclear Pack exploitMagnitude :2016-04-02 "Degraded" to 220.127.116.116Identified as is by FireEye[2016-04-07: TrendMicro told me they found some hits for this exploit in Magnitude back from 2016-03-31 as well]Magnitude exploiting Flash 126.96.36.1996 with CVE-2016-1019 the 2016-04-02 in the morning.Payload is Cerber.Side note : the check on the redirector in front of Magnitude ( http://pastebin.com/raw/gfEz25fa ) which might have been fixed with the CVE-2015-2413 was in Magnitude landing itself from September to end of November 2015.res:// onload check features unobfuscated at that time in Magnitude Landing 2015-09-29Sample in that pass: 0a664526d00493d711ee93662a693eb724ffece3cd68c85df75e1b6757febde5Out of topic payload: 9d92fb315830ba69162bb7c39c45b219cb8399dd4e2ca00a1e21a5457f92fb3c Cerber RansomwareNote: I got successful pass with Windows 8.1 and Flash 220.127.116.112 as well and Windows 10 build 1511 (feb 2016) via Flash 22.214.171.1246 on Internet Explorer 11. Edge seems not being served a landing.Neutrino:2016-04-11 - "degraded" as well it seems. (at least didn't got it to work on Flash 21.x)CVE id by @binjo and Anton Ivanov (Kaspersky)Neutrino successfully exploit Flash 184.108.40.2066 with CVE-2016-10192016-04-11Fiddler : Sent to vtOut of topic payload: 83de3f72cc44215539a23d1408c140ae325b05f77f2528dbad375e975c18b82e Reading :Killing a zero day in the egg : CVE-2016-1019 - 2016-04-07 - ProofpointCVE-2016-1019: A new flash exploit included in Magnitude Exploit Kit - 2016-04-07 - Genwei Jiang - FireEyeZero-Day Attack Discovered in Magnitude Exploit Kit Targeting CVE-2016-1019 in Older Versions of Adobe Flash Player - 2016-04-07 - Peter Pi, Brooks Li and Joseph C. Chen - TrendMicro
CVE-2016-1001 (Flash up to 126.96.36.1996) and Exploit KitsMonday April 4th, 2016 11:05:56 PM
Two weeks after Flash patch, two months after last Flash exploit integration in Angler, on the 2016-03-25 Angler EK, in some threads, is starting to send an exploit to Flash Player 184.108.40.2060 and 22.214.171.1246I tried multiple configuration but I was not able to get exploited. The following day I got successful infections with Flash 22.214.171.1240 and 220.127.116.116.Angler EK :2016-03-25The CVE here has been identificated as CVE-2016-1001 by Eset and Kaspersky (Thanks)2016-03-26 - Angler EK successfully exploiting Flash 220.127.116.116 in Internet Explorer 11 on Windows 7Fiddler sent to VT here.Hash of the associated SWF fwiw : b609ece7b9f4977bed792421b33b15daObserved as well : ab24d05f731caa4c87055af050f26917 - c4c59f454e53f1e45858e95e25f64d07NB : this is just "one" pass. Angler EK can be used to spread whatever its customers want to spread .Selected examples I saw in the last 4 days : Teslacrypt (ID 20, 40,52, 74 ,47) , Locky (affid 14 - 7f2b678398a93cac285312354ce7d2b7 and affid 11 - f417b107339b79a49e4e63e116e84a32), GootKit b9bec4a5811c6aff6001efa357f1f99c, Vawtrak 0dc4d5370bc4b0c8333b9512d686946cRamnit 99f21ba5b02b3085c683ea831d79dc79Gozi ISFB (DGA nasa) 11d515c2a2135ca00398b88eebbf9299BandarChor, (several instances, ex f97395004053aa28cadc6d4dc7fc0464 - 3c9b5868b4121a2d48b980a81dda8569 )Graybird/LatentBot f985b38f5e8bd1dfb3767cfea89ca776Dridex - b0f34f62f49b9c40e2558c1fa17523b5 (this one was 10 days ago..but worth a mention)Andromeda (several instances)and obviously many Bedep threads and their stream of PE (evotob, reactorbot (several instances), Tofsee, Teslacrypt,Kovter, Miuref)Edit 1: 2016-03-29 - I was mentioning 2016-1010 as a candidate but it's not. Modified with the correct CVE ID provided by Eset and Kaspersky..
CVE-2016-0034 (Silverlight up to 5.1.41105.0) and Exploit KitsTuesday March 29th, 2016 06:39:36 PM
Fixed with the January 2016 Microsoft patches, CVE-2016-0034 ( MS16-006 ) is a Silverlight Memory Corruption vulnerability and it has been spotted by Kaspersky with rules to hunt Vitaliy Toropov's unknown Silverlight exploit mentioned in HackingTeam leak.Angler EK :On the 2016-02-18 the landing of Angler changed slightly to integrate this piece of code :Silverlight integration Snipet from Angler Landing after decoding2016-02-18resulting in a new call if silverlight is installed on the computer:Angler EK replying without body to silverlight callHere a Pass in great britain dropping Vawtrak via Bedep buildid 77862016-02-18I tried all instances i could find and the same behavior occured on all.2016-02-22 Here we go : call are not empty anymore.Angler EK dropping Teslacrypt via silverlight 5.1.41105.0 after the "EITest" redirect 2016-02-22I made a pass with Silverlight : 5.1.41212.0 : safe.Edit1 : I received confirmation that it's indeed CVE-2016-0034 from multiple analyst including Anton Ivanov (Kaspersky). Thanks !Xap file : 01ce22f87227f869b7978dc5fe625e16Dll : 22a9f342eb367ea9b00508adb738d858Out of topic payload : 6a01421a9bd82f02051ce6a4ea4e2edc (Teslacrypt)Fiddler sent hereRIG : 2016-03-29Malc0de spotted modification in the Rig landing indicating integration of Silverlight Exploit.Here is a pass where the Silverlight is being fired and successfully exploited. CVE identification by : Anton Ivanov (Kaspersky)RIG - CVE-2016-0034 - 2016-03-29Xap file in that pass : acb74c05a1b0f97cc1a45661ea72a67a080b77f8eb9849ca440037a077461f6bcontaining this dll : e535cf04335e92587f640432d4ec3838b4605cd7e3864cfba2db94baae060415( Out of topic payload : Qbot 3242561cc9bb3e131e0738078e2e44886df307035f3be0bd3defbbc631e34c80 )Files : Fiddler and sample (password is malware)Reading :The Mysterious Case of CVE-2016-0034: the hunt for a Microsoft Silverlight 0-day - 2016-01-13 - Costin Raiu & Anton Ivanov - KasperskyPost Publication Reading:(PDF) Analysis of Angler's new silverlight Exploit - 2016-03-10 - Bitdefender Labs
Cryptowall son of Borracho (Flimrans) ?Wednesday February 10th, 2016 10:13:10 PM
Lately I received multiple questions about connection between Reveton and Cryptowall.I decided to have a look.A search in ET Intelligence portal at domains from Yonathan's Cryptowall TrackerET Intelligence search on Specspa .comshow that the first sample ET has talking with it is :e2f4bb542ea47e8928be877bb442df1b 2013-10-20A look at the http connexion shows the "us.bin" call mentioned by Yonathan (btw the us.bin item is still live there)ET Intelligence : e2f4bb542ea47e8928be877bb442df1b http connexionsET Intelligence : Associated alert pointing at Cryptowall.A look into VirusTotal Intelligence shows that this sample is available in a Pcap captured and shared by ThreatGlass :NSFW://www.threatglass .com/malicious_urls/sunporno-comHiman EK dropping Cryptowall 2013-10-20captured by ThreatGlassWith the same referer and in the same Exploit Kit i got dropped 20 days earlier Flimrans :(See : http://malware.dontneedcoffee.com/2013/10/HiMan.html )Flimrans disappeared soon after this post from 2013-10-08 about the affiliate :http://malware.dontneedcoffee.com/2013/10/flimrans-affiliate-borracho.htmlInterestingly Flimrans is showing in US the same Design from Reveton pointed by Yonathan :Flimrans US 2013-10-03What is worth mentioning is that Flimrans was the only ransomware (i am aware of) to show a Spanish version of this same design :Flimrans ES 2013-10-03The timeline is also inline with a link between those two Ransomware (whereas Reveton was still being distributed months after these events).Digging into my notes/fiddlers i even found that this bworldonline .com which is still hosting the us.bin was in fact also the redirector to HiMan dropping Flimrans 20 days earlier from same sunporno upper.[The credits goes to Eoin Miller who at that time pointed that infection path allowing me to replay it]The compromised server storing the first design Blob used by cryptowallused to redirect 20 days earlier to Himan dropping Flimrans (which is using that same design).So...Cryptowall son of Borracho? I don't know for sure...but that could to be a possibility.Files : Items mentionned here. (password is malware)Read More:HiMan Exploit Kit. Say Hi to one more - 2013-10-02Flimrans Affiliate : Borracho - 2013-10-08
CVE-2015-8651 (Flash up to 220.127.116.11/235) and Exploit KitsThursday April 7th, 2016 12:08:26 PM
While other exploit kit are struggling to keep up with Angler (none is firing CVE-2015-8446 , maybe because of the Diffie-Hellman protection on Angler's exploits ),- Nuclear / Magnitude and Neutrino last exploits are from October (CVE-2015-7645)- RIG and Sundown are relying on July exploits (Hacking Team's one - CVE-2015-5122)( all have the IE CVE-2015-2419 from august)Angler has just integrated CVE-2015-8651 patched with Flash 22.214.171.1240 on 2015-12-28Angler EK : 2016-01-25The exploit might be here since the 22 based on some headers modification which appeared that day.It's not yet pushed in all Angler EK threads but widely spread.Thanks Anton Ivanov (Kaspersky) for CVE Identification !CVE-2015-8651 (and CVE-2015-2419) being successfully exploited by Angler EK to load bedep in memory2016-01-25Fiddler sent to VT.---Another pass via the "noisy" Cryptowall "crypt13x" actor which threads also has it :CVE-2015-8651 being successfully exploited by Angler EK to load Cryptowall (crypt13001)from the widely spread and covered "crypt13x" actor thread - 2016-01-25(Out of Topic payload : 5866906a303b387b9918a8d7f8b08a51 Cryptowall crypt13001 )I have been told by Eset that the exploit is successful on Flash 22.214.171.124 and Firefox.---I spotted a thread serving a landing and an exploit to Firefox.2016-03-23 Firefox pass with Sandbox escape :Angler EK exploiting CVE-2015-8651 on Firefox 33.1.1 and Flash 220.127.116.115Bedep successfully wrote its payload on the drive.2016-03-23Files : Fiddler in a zip (password malware)Neutrino :Thanks Eset for identifying the added CVE here.Neutrino Exploiting CVE-2015-8651 on 2016-02-09Here Bunitu droppedNote: For some reason couldn't have it working with Flash 188.8.131.52.Files : Fiddler here (password is malware)Nuclear Pack:Thanks again Eset for CVE identification here.Nuclear Pack exploit CVE-2015-8651 on 2016-02-10Out of topic payload: cdb0447019fecad3a949dd248d7ae30f which is a loader for CloudScout (topflix .info - which we can find in RIG as well those days)It seems Chrome won't save you if you do let it update.2016-02-17 on DE/US/FR trafficThis is not something i can reproduce.Is what i get with Chrome 46.0.2490.71 and its builtin 188.8.131.52 (which should fast update itself to last version)Files : Fiddler here (password: malware)Magnitude:2016-02-18CVE ID confirmed by Anton Ivanov (Kaspersky)Magnitude dropping Cryptowall via CVE-2015-86512016-02-18Files : Fiddler here (Password is malware)RIG :Some days before 2016-04-06Thanks FireEye for CVE identification.CVE-2015-8651 successfuly exploited by RIG on 2016-04-07Sample in that pass: 4888cc96a390e2970015c9c1d0206011a6fd8e452063863e5e054b3776deae02( Out of topic payload: 30cb7ed7a67eb08fa2845990b7270d64d51e769d6e0dad4f9c2b8e7551bced0a Probably Godzilla downloader)Files : RIG_2016-04-07 (swf, payload and Fiddler - password is malware)Read More:(GoogleTranslate - via @eromang ) Offshore "Dark Hotel" organization of domestic business executives launched APT attacks - 2015-12-31 - ThreatBookPost publication reading :An Analysis on the Principle of CVE-2015-8651 - Antiy Labs - 2016-01-26
XXX is Angler EKTuesday August 30th, 2016 02:06:14 PM
Snipshot of MonterAV AffiliateAs I got many questions about an EK named XXX (that is said to be better than Angler 😉 ) I decided to share some data here.XXX Control Panel Login Page.XXX is Angler EK ( it's the real name of its most documented instance at least)Angler EK / XXX IE sploit only Stats on 2015-07-25(for some reason Flash Exploits were not activated on that thread)Note the Chase Logo >> JPMorgan >> Cool EK's Exploit Buyer ;)You might want to read "The Transition - "Reveton Team" or "Mr.J/Monster AV" from :Paunch's arrest...The end of an Era ! (2013-10-11) . This is where I first wrote the defense chosen name for this Exploit Kit. The name is chosen after a logo from the Reveton Affiliate.Snipshot of "The Transition" after Paunch's ArrestBut Angler was around before the Reveton team started to use it.Here is one used against Ukrainian that i captured in August 20132013-08-27 - Exploit Kit unknown to me at that timeAncestor of Angler EK as we know it[Payload here is most probably Lurk]when Reveton Team was still on Cool EK. It appears that instance had already Fileless capabilities.A Russian researcher friend connect that instance back to this Securelist post from 2012-03-16 : A unique 'bodiless' bot attacks news site visitorsSo the (c) 2010 at the bottom of the control panel is probably...the real birth year of Angler.This indexm.html variant of Angler EK is most probably still being used in RU/UA and was one of the early adopter of CVE-2015-0311 (a flash 0day from January) before many "standard" instances of Angler. There was still java exploit inside in march2015-01-27 - Angler EK "indexm" exploiting CVE-2015-2551 and firing Java exploits[Payload here is most probably Lurk]Angler EK has been briefly mentioned (translation here ) as part of a "partnerka" by a user using Menatep as Nickname in February 2014Conclusion : xxx is what we call Angler EK and Angler EK (indexm instance) is not that young!Files : 2 Fiddler pass of Angler EK "indexm" from 2013 and 2015 (Password : malware)Read More :Police Locker land on Android Devices - 2014-05-04Paunch's arrest...The end of an Era ! - 2013-10-11Crimeware Author Funds Exploit Buying Spree - 2013-01-07 - KrebsOnSecurityCool Exploit Kit - A new Browser Exploit Pack on the Battlefield with a "Duqu" like font drop - 2012-10-09A unique 'bodiless' bot attacks news site visitors - 2012-03-16 - Sergey Golovanov - SecurelistPost publication Reading :Russian hacker gang arrested over $25m theft - 2016-06-02 - BBC News [Cf Lurk]Is it the End of Angler ? - 2016-06-11How we helped to catch one of the most dangerous gangs of financial cybercriminals - 2016-08-30 - SecureList
CVE-2015-8446 (Flash up to 126.96.36.199) And Exploit KitsWednesday January 27th, 2016 03:27:21 AM
One week after patch Flash 184.108.40.206 is being exploited by Angler EK via CVE-2015-8446Angler EK :2015-12-14CVE identification by Anton Ivanov ( Kaspersky ) and FireEye (Thanks !)Angler EK exploiting Flash 126.96.36.199 via CVE-2015-84462015-12-14Sample in that pass : b5920eef8a3e193e0fc492c603a30aafSample from other Angler EK instance : 0615fb9e037b7bf717cc9b04708e51da 720089b93a0f2bb2a72f1166430de522Fiddler sent to VT.(Not replayable. You know how to contact me to land on live instances. I might not reply to mail coming from gmail,live,yahoo etc... mailboxes)Out of topic : in that pass Bedep BuildID 5004 is loaded in Memory and is then grabbing those 2 dll in a streamf5c1a676166fe3472e6c993faee42b34d65f155381d26f8ddfa304c83b1ad95a (Credential Stealer)and after that performing AdfraudCVE-2015-8446 in Angler EK - malicious mp3 is stored in encrypted JSON (same schema as in CVE-2015-5560). pic.twitter.com/FCyvP43Q0X— Anton Ivanov (@antonivanovm) December 17, 2015 Last safe version of Flash against commercial exploit kit was 22.214.171.124 fixing CVE-2015-7645Post publication readings :(Google Translate) Angler EK latest CVE-2015-8446 Flash Exploit analysis - 2015-12-19 - Qihoo360
Nuclear Pack loads a fileless CVE-2014-4113 ExploitMonday June 27th, 2016 08:23:00 AM
Yesterday's Nymaim spam campaign was also redirecting to Nuclear Pack.Without big surprise the sample ( 592899e0eb3c06fb9fda59d03e4b5b53 ) dropped by Nuclear is the same as the fake update proposed.But there was an additionnal 11kb payload call for which i could not find sample on driveNuclear Pack dropping Nymaim in the 2015-11-30 Spam CampaignIt was also unusually encoded with two XOR pass and first part of the decoded stream is a Shellcode.Friends (who don't want to be mentioned) figured a privilege escalation was in use there :According to Kaspersky and Timo Hirvonen (F-Secure) it's CVE-2014-4113 ( Win32k.sys Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability )I did not got to see the privilege escalation in live condition.Note: it's not the first time a public Exploit Kit is integrating an exploit to escalates right on dropped payload (Cf CVE-2015-2426 in Magnitude )Files : Fiddler and Dll here (password is malware - XOR key : 56774347426F664767 then 213404052d09212031)Thanks : Kaspersky, Timo Hirvonen , Malc0de and 2 other friends for taking some time and use their wizardness on this.Read More :An Analysis of A Windows Kernel-Mode Vulnerability (CVE-2014-4113) - 2014-10-29 - TrendMicro
Inside Jahoo (Otlard.A ?) - A spam BotnetTuesday December 29th, 2015 05:48:11 PM
Trash and Mailbox by Bethesda SoftworksOtlard.A (or let's say at least the malware triggering 2806902 || ETPRO TROJAN Win32.Otlard.A C&C Checkin response ) is a Spam BotnetI saw it loaded as a plugin in an instance of AndromedaThat Andromeda is being spread via :Bedep build id 6005 and here 6007 from an Angler EK fed by Malvertising :VirtualDonna group redirecting traffic to an Angler instance loading Bedep buildid 6007 in memoryBedep 6007 loading Andromeda 55ead0e4010c7c1a601511286f879e33 before update task.2015-09-28Note : Bedep 6007 was sometimes loading it with other payload-2015-09-16 for : ec5d314fc392765d065ff16f21722008 with Trapwot (FakeAV) e600985d6797dec2f7388e86ae3e82ba and Pony a4f08c845cc8e2beae0d157a3624b686-2015-09-29 for : 37898c10a350651add962831daa4fffa with Kovter ( 24143f110e7492c3d040b2ec0cdfa3d0 )That Andromeda beaconing to dnswow .com enslaved >10k bots in a week :Andromeda dnswow 2015-11-22Andromeda dnswow 2015-11-27Here the Otlard.A task in that Andromeda instance :Task installing Otlard.A as a plugin to Andromedaa Task in a Smokebot dropped by Nuclear Pack fed by Malvertising :Malvertising > Nuclear Pack > Smokebot > Stealer, Ramnit, Htbot and Andromeda > Otlard.A2015-11-28Smokebot : cde587187622d5f23e50b1f5b6c86969Andromeda : b75f4834770fe64da63e42b8c90c6fcd(out of topic Ramnit : 28ceafaef592986e4914bfa3f4c7f5c0 - It's being massively spread those days in many infection path. (Edit 2015-12-29 : Htbot.B : d0a14abe51a61c727420765f72de843a named ProxyBack by PaloAlto)Now here is what the control panel of that plugin looks like :Otlard.A panel :Otlard.A - JahooManager - Main - 2015-09-27Otlard.A - JahooManager - Servers - 2015-09-27Otlard.A - JahooManager - Settings - 2015-09-27Otlard.A - JahooManager - Campaigns - 2015-09-27Otlard.A - JahooManager - Bot - 2015-09-27that exe is : 2387fb927e6d9d6c027b4ba23d8c3073 and appears to be AndromedaOtlard.A - JahooSender - Tasks - 2015-09-27Otlard.A - JahooSender - Tasks - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Tasks - Done Task - 2015-09-27Otlard.A - JahooSender - Domains - 2015-09-27Otlard.A - JahooSender - Domains - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Messages - 2015-09-27Otlard.A - JahooSender - Messages - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Messages - Edit a Message - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Messages - Edit a Message - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Messages - Edit a Message - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Headers - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Headers - Editing Header - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Headers - Editing Header - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Macross - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Macross - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Macross - Editing macross - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Macross - Editing macross - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Macross - Editing macross - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Attach - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Attach - Attached image - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Rules - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - JahooSender - Rules > Spam - 2015-11-28Olard.A - JahooSender - Rules > User - 2015-11-28Olard.A - Bases - Emails - 2015-11-28Olard.A - Bases - Blacklist - 2015-11-28Olard.A - Bases - Blacklist - Edit - 2015-11-28Olard.A - Botnet - Main - 2015-09-27Olard.A - Botnet - Main - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - Botnet - Modules - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - Botnet - Modules - Edit - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - Incubator - Accounts - 2015-11-28Otlard.A - Incubator - Settings - 2015-11-28Note : registrator menu has disappeared in last version. --Andromeda C&C 2015-11-28 :126.96.36.199202023 | 22.214.171.124/24 | LLHOST | EU | llhost-inc.com | LLHost IncSpam Module C&C 2015-11-28 :22.214.171.124 18.104.22.168.8.32.5126.96.36.199.8.32.5188.8.131.52202023 | 184.108.40.206/24 | LLHOST | EU | zanufact.com | LLHost IncThanks : Brett StoneGross for helping me with decoding/understanding the network communicationsFiles :All samples which hashes have been discussed here are in that zip.Jahoo - socker.dll : 7d14c9edfd71d2b76dd18e3681fec798( If you want to look into this, i can provide associated network traffic)Read More :Inside Andromeda Bot v2.06 Webpanel / AKA Gamarue - Botnet Control Panel 2012-07-02Inside Pony 1.7 / Fareit C&C - Botnet Control Panel - 2012-06-27Inside Smoke Bot - Botnet Control Panel - 2012-04-28Post publication Reading :ProxyBack Malware Turns User Systems Into Proxies Without Consent - 2015-12-23 - JeffWhite - PaloAlto
CVE-2015-7645 (Flash up to 220.127.116.11) and Exploit KitsSaturday March 12th, 2016 12:09:34 PM
The CVE-2015-7645 has been fixed with Adobe Flash Player 188.8.131.52. Spotted in the wild (2015-10-13) in APT28's exploit kit by TrendMicro, this exploit was already reported 2 weeks before (2015-09-29) to Adobe by Natalie Silvanovich.I reported the Flash 0-day (CVE-2015-7645) two weeks before it was found in the wild https://t.co/nYeAWRG5jO— Natalie Silvanovich (@natashenka) 16 Octobre 2015 It has now made its way to Exploit KitAngler EK :2015-10-29CVE id confirmed by by Anton Ivanov ( Kaspersky )Angler EK successfully exploiting Flash 220.127.116.112015-10-29Flash sample in that pass : 4af57fb1c71bb9c1599371d48240ff36Another sample : bea824974f958ac4efc58484a88a9c18One more from the Poweliks instance : 0d72221d41eff55dcfd0da50cd1c545eNot replayable fiddler sent to VTOut of topic sample loaded by bedep :5a60925ea3cc52c264b837e6f2ee915e Necursa9d5a9a997954f5421c94ac89d2656cd Vawtrak ( < that one was not expected in that infection path)2016-03-12Edge is now being served a landing and the flash being sent is targeting this CVE according to Kaspersky and EsetAngler EK exploiting Flash 188.8.131.52 on Windows 10 (build 10240) through EdgeFiddler : AnglerEK_Edge_22.214.171.124_2016-03-11.zipNuclear Pack:2015-10-30Nuclear Pack which has been playing with landing URI pattern lately has integrated itCVE-2015-7645 in Nuclear Pack on 2015-10-30Sample in that pass : f5dd2623ae871d58483bf14ec5d635e4Out of topic payload : 0b3de2a8d838883e10a1d824d20fe95c Kelihos Loader (harsh02)Fiddler sent to VTMagnitude:2015-11-10Magnitude trying to exploit CVE-2015-76452015-11-10Spotted sample : 21993dd3b943d935a9296aeff831cbb9 CVE id confirmed by Timo HirvonenNo payload but the actor behind that thread would like to see you Cryptowalled. Update might come.Spartan :2015-11-12Without surprise as Spartan is the work of the coder of Nuclear Pack.Note : old version of Chrome <= 43.0.257 and Firefox < 38 seems to be falling as wellSpartan pushing Pony and Alphacrypt via CVE-2015-76452015-11-12Sample in that pass : 1c074c862d3e25ec9674e6bd62965ad8 (another one: 66f34cd7ef06a78df552d18c729ae53c )(out of topic payload : Pony: 29c940f9d0805771e9c7ec8a5939fa25 (22.214.171.124 /myadvert/autoget.php) and Cryptowall 74ebff4acc4ad9c2a2e665ff293c02e6 NB earlier today drops were Pony and Alphacrypt ) Fiddler sent to VTNeutrino:Most probably appeared 2015-10-16Necurs being dropped by Neutrino via CVE-2015-76452015-11-17Sample in that pass: 7dd9813ef635e98dd9585deaefecfcff(Out of topic payload : Necurs a83a96e87e80adef1e4598a645f2918c )Fiddler sent to VT (You might want to read the detailed analysis by Trustave)Read More :Adobe Flash: Type Confusion in IExternalizable.writeExternal When Performing Local Serialization - 2015-09-29 - Natalie SilvanovichNew Adobe Flash Zero-Day Used in Pawn Storm Campaign Targeting Foreign Affairs Ministries - 2015-10-13 - Feike Hacquebord - Brooks Li - Peter Pi - TrendMicroLatest Flash Exploit Used in Pawn Storm Circumvents Mitigation Techniques - 2015-10-16 - Peter Pi - TrendMicroPost Publication Reading :Neutrino Exploit Kit – One Flash File to Rule Them All - 2015-12-28 - Daniel Chechik and Anat Davidi - Spiderlabs/Trustwave
A DoubleClick https open redirect used in some malvertising chainSaturday January 16th, 2016 04:05:15 PM
In the post on the UK focused Shifu I illustrated malvertising traffic to Angler.The traffer group behind this activity is the same exposed by BelchSpeak from Invincea in many tweets (explaining the addition of code to spot Invincea Sandbox) FoxIT in june, Malwarebytes in September, or Trendmicro 2 weeks ago.As it's easier to have a name to share/talk about stuff i'll use "VirtualDonna Traffers" to refer to them (virtualdonna .com is one of the domains they used that got some attention)Earlier this year they were using https bit.ly,2015-07-11 - bit.ly as https url shortenertiny url2015-07-11 - tiny url as https url shorteneror goo.gl url shortener2015-06-12 - goo.gl as https url shorterner and switched to their own https redirector behind cloudflare around the middle of September ( naotsandhap.euTwo pass here : same source (Dailymotion), same country (Australia), same Traffer for same customer (how/why? same payload : Reactorbot srvdexpress3 .com)Different Legit part of the chain2015-09-29then 2 weeks ago mediacpm.com and wrontoldretter.eu )https gives the traffer the ability to kill the referer chain (making it more difficult to figure out where the Exploit Kit landing spotted in the traffic is coming from).Once discovered a way to Sig this is to flag the ssl certificate being used.Those days they are using a DoubleClick https open redirect.VirtualDonna Traffers exploiting an https open redirect by Doubleclick in its chain to Angler EKGB - 2015-10-15Out of topic Payload in that pass : Shifu - 695d6fbd8ab789979a97fb886101c576 beaconing to nyctradersacademy .comDoubleclick has been informed about the issue.Post Publication Readings :The shadow knows: Malvertising campaigns use domain shadowing to pull in Angler EK - 2015-12-15 - ProofpointLet's Encrypt Now Being Abused By Malvertisers - 2016-01-06 - TrendMicro
Shifu <3 Great BritainMonday February 29th, 2016 08:29:24 AM
I noticed since several days a shift in malware distribution in the UK.Many infection path that I follow are now dropping a banker that i already saw many times, especially at the end of 2014 and mostly in Italy.First time I encountered that threat : 2014-10-08Angler EK dropping 165146e43ccee9c29b62693caf290df7 in an IT focused infection path2014-10-08At that time I learnt from Frank Ruiz ( FoxIT ) that he spotted it 1 month earlier (2014-09-03 exactly). We were using a "non public" name to talk about it.So two days ago in UK traffic :2015-09-22 - An Angler EK dropping 0598ee3e06c681d7f9e05d83bb7ea422 via malvertising on GBR trafficI saw that banking trojan again. (note : contacted, Frank Ruiz told me that this banker activity never really stopped). What was new to me is that it was installing Apache,Apache folder installed by 0598ee3e06c681d7f9e05d83bb7ea422 2015-09-22Apache ConfigData folder of the Apache installationCustomers of 4 financial institutions are targeted by the injects stored in the config.xmlconfig.xmlThe same day i saw it again, other malvertising campaign (read: other actor bringing the traffic) and not dropped directly but as a 2nd Stage in a bedep thread which was not grabbing an adfraud module:Angler EK pushing bedep grabbing 791491ba9f0a7670659f45f1e5421c83 2015-09-22Seeing it again today in malvertising campaign focused on UK, I decided to write about that and contacted Brett StoneGross (Dell SecureWorks) to try and get the 'defense name' for this. He told me that what I was describing was probably Shifu ..and fast confirmed it looking at the sample. (Edit reaction to twitter : He also told me that Shifu is based on Shiz)So here we are: Shifu <3 GBRShifu <3 GBR2015-09-24Side note : Here are some of the DGA in case main domain stop working.Files : ShifuPackage_2015-09-24.zip Password : malwareContains : 4 fiddler, 1 pcap, 6 samples and 2 apache config folder (with injects).Thanks: Frank Ruiz (Foxit) and Brett StoneGross (Dell SecureWorks) for their inputs/insight/awesomeness.Read More:Shifu: 'Masterful' New Banking Trojan Is Attacking 14 Japanese Banks - 2015-08-31 - Limor Kessem - IBM X-ForceJapanese Banking Trojan Shifu Combines Malware Tools - 2015-09-24 - Diwakar Dinkar - McAfeePost publication Reading:3,000 High-Profile Japanese Sites Hit By Massive Malvertising Campaign 2015-09-30 - Trenmicro
CVE-2015-5560 (Flash up to 126.96.36.199) and Exploit KitsTuesday January 12th, 2016 06:06:14 PM
Patched with flash version 18.104.22.168, CVE-2015-5560 is now being exploited by Angler EK.Angler EK :2015-08-29[Edit : 2015-09-01] Exploit candidated by by Anton Ivanov ( Kaspersky ) as CVE-2015-5560 [/edit]The exploit has been added the 28th. It's not being sent to Flash 184.108.40.206..It uses the same Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange technique described by FireEye as in their CVE-2015-2419 implementation making a default fiddler unreplayable.Angler EK pushing Bedep to Win7 IE11 Flash 220.127.116.11 - CVE-2015-55602015-08-29Sample in that pass : 9fbb043f63bb965a48582aa522cb1fd0Fiddler sent to VT (password is malware)Note: with help from G Data, a replayable fiddler is available. No public share (you know how to get it).Nuclear Pack :2015-09-10Additional post spotted on the 2015-09-10Nuclear Pack additionnal post on 2015-09-10 showing integration of CVE-2015-5560 was on the roadand got a first payload the day after :Nuclear Pack successfully exploiting Flash 220.127.116.11 with CVE-2015-5560 (rip from Angler)2015-09-11( Out of topic payload : 91b76aaf6f7b93c667f685a86a7d68de Smokebot C&C hostnamessimply1.effers .com: )Files : Fiddler here (Password is malware)Read More :Adobe Flash: Overflow in ID3 Tag Parsing - 2015-06-12 Google Security ResearchThree bypasses and a fix for one of Flash's Vector.<*> mitigations - 2015-08-19 - Chris Evans - Google Project ZeroCVE-2015-2419 – Internet Explorer Double-Free in Angler EK - 2015-08-10 - FireEyeBedep's DGA: Trading Foreign Exchange for Malware Domains - 2015-04-21 - Dennis Schartz - Arbor SertPost publication reading :Attacking Diffie-Hellman protocol implementation in the Angler Exploit Kit - 2015-09-08 KasperskyAnalysis of Adobe Flash Player ID3 Tag Parsing Integer Overflow Vulnerability (CVE-2015-5560) - 2016-01-12 - Nahuel Riva - CoreSecurity
CVE-2015-2419 (Internet Explorer) and Exploits KitsWednesday July 6th, 2016 10:00:12 AM
As published by FireEye Angler EK is now exploiting CVE-2015-2419 fixed with MS15-065Angler EK :2015-08-10It seems they might have started to work on that exploit as early as 2015-07-24 where some instances briefly used code to gather ScriptEngineVersion from redirected visitors :Angler EK gathering ScriptEngineVersion data the fast way.2015-07-24Today first pass i made was showing a new POST call and was successfully exploiting a VM that used to be safe to Angler.CVE-2015-2419 successfully exploiting IE11 in windows 72015-08-10(Here bedep grabbing Pony and TeslaCrypt then doing some AdFraud)I spent (too much 😉 ) time trying to decode that b value in the POST reply.Here are some materials :- The landing after first pass of decoding and with some comments : http://pastebin.com/JQuyAXarThe post call is handled by String['prototype']['jjd'] , ggg is sent to Post data as well as the ScriptEngineVersion (in the shared pass : 17728 )- The l() function handling the post : http://pastebin.com/hxZJwbaY- The post data and reply after first pass of decoding : http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=NWkU7CXrFiles : 2 Fiddlers (ScriptEngineVersion Gathering and successfull pass - use malware as password)Thanks :Horgh_RCE for his helpMagnitude :2015-08-22( I am waiting for some strong confirmation on CVE-2015-2426 used as PrivEsc only here )Magnitude successfully exploiting CVE-2015-2419 to push an elevated (CVE-2015-2426) Cryptowall on IE11 in Win72015-08-22As you can see the CVE-2015-2419 is a RIP of Angler EK's implementation (even containing their XTea key, despite payload is in clear)Note : The CVE-2015-2426 seems to be used for privilege escalation onlyCryptowall dropped by Magnitude executed as NT Authority\system after CVE-2015-24262015-08-23and has been associated to flash Exploit as well.Pass showing the privilege escalation has been associated to flash Exploit as well.2015-08-23Files : CVE-2015-2419 pass (password: malware)CVE-2015-5122 pass featuring CVE-2015-2426 (password : malware)Thanks :Horgh_RCE , EKWatcher and Will Metcalf for their helpNuclear Pack:2015-08-23Nuclear Pack exploiting IE11 in Win7 with CVE-2015-2419 to push TeslaCrypt2015-08-23Files : Fiddler (Password is malware)Neutrino :CVE Identification by Timo HirvonenNeutrino successfully exploiting CVE-2015-2419 on IE11 in Windows 72015-08-27(Out of topic payload : c7692ccd9e9984e23003bef3097f7746 Betabot)Files: Fiddler (Password is malware)RIG:2015-08-27RIG successfully exploiting CVE-2015-24192015-08-27(Out of topic payload : fe942226ea57054f1af01f2e78a2d306 Kelihos (kilo601)Files : Fiddler (password is malware)Hunter :2015-08-27@hunter_exploit 2015-08-26As spotted by Proofpoint Hunter EK has integrated CVE-2015-2419Hunter Exploit Kit successfully exploiting CVE-2015-24192015-08-27Files : Fiddler (password is malware)Kaixin :2016-01-08Files: Fiddler here (password is malware)( out of topic Payload : bb1fff88c3b86baa29176642dc5f278d firing PCRat/Gh0st ET rule 2016922 )Sundown :2016-07-06 - Thanks Anton Ivanov (Kaspersky) for confirmationSundown successfully Exploiting CVE-2015-2419 - 2016-07-06cmd into wscript into Neutrino-ish named / RC4ed Payload let think this is a Rip from Neutrino implementation( Out of topic payload: bcb80b5925ead246729ca423b7dfb635 is a Netwire Rat )Files : Sundown_CVE-2015-2419_2016-07-06 (password is malware)Read More :Hunter Exploit Kit Targets Brazilian Banking Customers - 2015-08-27 - ProofpointCVE-2015-2419 – Internet Explorer Double-Free in Angler EK - 2015-08-10 - Sudeep Singh, Dan Caselden - FireEye2015-08-10 - ANGLER EK FROM 220.127.116.11 SENDS BEDEP This pass shared by Brad from Malware-Traffic-Analysis is including the CVE-2015-2419Generic bypass of next-gen intrusion / threat / breach detection systems - 2015-06-05 - Zoltan Balazs - EffitasPost publication Reading :Attacking Diffie-Hellman protocol implementation in the Angler Exploit Kit - 2015-09-08 Kaspersky
CVE-2015-1671 (silverlight up to 5.1.30514.0) and Exploit KitsTuesday September 1st, 2015 07:32:11 AM
Patched with ms15-044 CVE-2015-1671 is described as TrueType Font Parsing Vulnerability.Silverlight up to 5.1.30514.0 are affected, but note : most browser will warn that the plugin is outdatedOut of date Plugin protection in Chrome 39.0.2171.71Out of date ActiveX controls blocking in Internet Explorer 11(introduced in August 2014)and also consider that Microsoft announced the end of Silverlight at beginning of the month.Angler EK :2015-07-21Around the 1st of July some new Silverlight focused code appeared in Angler EK landing.It even seems coders made some debug or something wrong as you could see this kind of popup several hours long on Angler EK.Deofuscated snipet of Silverlight call exposed to Victims in Angler EK2015-07-02I failed trying to get something else than a 0 size silverlight calls.I heard about filled calls from Eset and EKWatcher.The exploit sent was 3fff76bfe2084c454be64be7adff2b87 and appears to be a variation of CVE-2015-1671 (Silverlight 5 before 5.1.40416.00). I spent hours trying to get a full exploit chain....No luck. Only 0size calls.But, it seems it's back today (or i get more lucky ? ) :--Disclaimer : many indicators are whispering it's the same variation of CVE-2015-1671, but I am still waiting for a strong confirmation--Silverlight 5.1.30514.0 exploited by Angler EK via CVE-2015-1671 in IE 11 on Windows 72015-07-21Silverlight 5.1_10411.0 exploited by Angler EK via CVE-2015-1671 in Chrome 39 on Windows 72015-07-21Silverlight 5.1.30514.0 exploited by Angler EK via CVE-2015-1671 in Firefox 38 on Windows 72015-07-21Two x86 - x64 dll are encoded in the payload stream with XTea Key : m0boo69biBjSmd3pSilverlight dll in DotPeek after Do4dotSample in those pass : ac05e093930662a2a2f4605f7afc52f2(Out of topic payload is bedep which then gather an adfraud module - you have the XTea key if you want to extract)Files: Fiddler (password is malware)[Edit : 2015-07-26, has been spread to all Angler Threads]Thanks for help/tips :Eset, Microsoft, Horgh_RCE, Darien Huss, Will Metcalf, EKWatcher.Magnitude :2015-07-28 has been spotted by Will Metcalf in MagnitudeIt's a rip of Angler's oneSilverlight 5.1.30514.0 exploited by Magnitude2015-08-29Files: Fiddler (password is malware)Read more :CVE-2013-0074/3896 (Silverlight) integrates Exploit Kits - 2013-11-13
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