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The Growing Global Threat of Economic and Cyber Crime
- Griffin Sullivan
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1 The Growing Global Threat of Economic and Cyber Crime The National Fraud Center, Inc. A member of the Lexis-Nexis Risk Solutions Group In conjunction with The Economic Crime Investigation Institute Utica College December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Executive Summary Traditional & Cyber Economic Crimes.. 6 Banking.. 6 Credit Card. 7 Health Care 7 Insurance 7 Securities 8 Telecommunications 8 Intellectual Property & Computer Crime 9 Identity Theft.. 9 Impact of Technology on Economic Crime.. 9 Global Implications for Economic Crime. 10 Future Needs and Recommendations. 10 Conclusion 11 III. Growth of Economic Crime Economic Crime Defined Types of Economic Crime and Statutory Law 13 Mail & Wire Fraud: Generic Frauds & Swindles.. 13 Banking Industry: Financial Institution Crimes. 14 Credit Card Crimes Health Care Fraud 16 Insurance Fraud 17 Securities Fraud 17 Telecommunications Fraud. 18 Intellectual Property and Computer Crime 19 Identity Theft.. 20 IV. Impact of Technology on Economic Crime Banking. 22 Credit Card Health Care.. 23 Insurance.. 24 Securities.. 24 Telecommunications Intellectual Property & Computer Crime.. 25 V. Victims of Economic Crime December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 2
3 Consumers Industry. 28 Government. 29 VI. Waging the War on Economic Crime Law Enforcement 31 National Fraud Center 31 Economic Crime Investigation Institute 32 National White Collar Crime Center. 32 National Coalition for the Prevention of Economic Crime. 33 Internet Fraud Council 33 Internet Fraud Complaint Center.. 33 Independent Corporations and Private Sector Industry Coalitions.. 34 VII. Future Needs and Challenges Law Enforcement Training. 35 Laws, Regulations and Reporting Systems 35 Public-Private Partnerships Balancing Privacy Interests Global Interaction and Cooperation. 38 VIII. Conclusion: Trends and Observations IX. Statistic Matrix Appendix 1 December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 3
4 Forward The National Fraud Center as part of its mission, continues to research, analyze, and combat economic crime. Its focus and expertise on economic crime has continued for over 18 years. While seeing dramatic change and growth in economic crime over the years, it is increasingly evident that there are consistent, underlying fundamental issues that need to be addressed. The rapid growth of technology, as well as increased competition, has helped fuel the dramatic rise and cost of economic crime; therefore exploiting the weaknesses and challenges we as a nation, business, and consumer face. This report is the National Fraud Center s continuing contribution to assisting in eradicating this growing epidemic. We as a global society have many complex challenges ahead. We believe this report will continue to educate and stimulate the ability for dramatic change in researching, preventing, and investigating economic crime. About the Authors This report was supported and directed by National Fraud Center, Inc. (NFC). It was written by Dr. Gary R. Gordon and Dr. George E. Curtis, with directional and expert support from Mr. Norman A. Willox, Jr., and technical and research support from the staff of NFC, lead by Greg Peckham. Dr. Gordon is Executive Director of the Economic Crime Investigation Institute, as well as Vice President of Cyber Forensics Technology for WetStone Technologies, and a full professor at Utica College. Dr. Curtis is the Director of Economic Crime Programs at Utica College, where he is an Associate Professor. Mr. Willox is the Chairman of the Board of NFC and Director of Government Relations for Lexis-Nexis Risk Solutions Group. The National Fraud Center, Inc. (NFC) is a recognized leader in fraud and highrisk solutions, providing expert consulting, best-practices, product reviews and solutions support. NFC is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lexis-Nexis, and part of the Lexis-Nexis Risk Solutions Group. Lexis-Nexis Risk Solutions Group is the nations leading provider of fraud and risk management information solutions for industry and government. Lexis-Nexis Group is a Reed-Elsevier PC Company. Peer Review Peer review of this report was conducted by executives of the National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C) and the National Coalition for the Prevention of Economic Crime (NCPEC), lead by Richard Johnston and Allan Trosclair. Mr. Johnston currently serves as the Director of the NW3C. Mr. Trosclair is the Executive Director of the NCPEC. December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 4
5 I. Introduction The purpose of this report is two-fold: 1. To present an assessment of the state of economic crime in the United States, and; 2. Based on that assessment, to indicate areas where additional research, legislative action, training, cooperation between law enforcement and industry, and international cooperation are required. Such a study is challenging, because of the paucity of reliable data. As is discussed in Section III, there is no central repository of statistical information on economic crimes. Available statistics and data were obtained from reliable sources including government agencies, industry associations, private sector organizations, Internet sites, and online databases, including Lexis -Nexis. The data presented here provides the basis for a discussion on economic crime in the United States and clearly points out the challenges that will be faced in the near future. December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 5
6 II. Executive Summary The American people have had contradictory views of economic crime for some time, seeing it either as a minor issue or a major crisis. In the past twenty years, there have been times when it has been in the limelight because of a financial crisis, e.g. the Savings and Loan Scandal and the insider trading problems in the 1980 s. Usually, it has taken a back seat to a strong national focus on more conventional crimes, specifically violent ones. Many estimate the cost of economic crime to be over $500 billion annually. 1 There has been a significant increase in these figures over the past 30 years; in 1970 the cost was approximately $5 billion; it rose to about $20 billion in 1980, and approximately $100 billion in As the Internet and technological advances continue to reshape the way we do business in government and industry, and competition and economic pressures create quicker and more efficient ways to do business, the reality of increased economic crime having a serious impact on the economy grows geometrically. All the financial segments of the United States economy report significant losses as a result of economic and computer crime. This report provides the latest and most reliable statistics in eight key areas: banking, credit card, health care, insurance, securities, telecommunications, intellectual property and computer crime, and identity theft. TRADITIONAL AND CYBER ECONOMIC CRIMES While some types of economic crime are specific to the seven areas of this report, other types, such as identity theft and false statements, cut across all industries. Traditional economic crimes and new cyber crimes are discussed in this report. Current statutory laws are discussed for the crimes within each of the eight areas discussed below. Banking Ernst & Young reports that more than 500 million checks are forged annually. 3 In 1997, the American Bankers Association reported that banks lost $512 million to check fraud. 4 American Banker, an industry magazine, predicts that there will be a 25% increase in check fraud over the next year. Money laundering has increased over the last ten years. As a result, global efforts to combat this crime have increased. While it is extremely difficult to estimate the amount of worldwide money laundering, one model estimated that in 1998 it was near $2.85 trillion. 5 The growth of online banking presents other opportunities for perpetrators of economic crime. Funds can be embezzled using wire transfer or account December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 6
7 takeover. Customers can submit fraudulent online applications for bank loans. Hackers are able to disrupt e-commerce by engaging in denial of service attacks and by compromising online banking payment systems. Identity takeover can also affect online banking, as new accounts can be taken over by identity thieves, thus raising concerns regarding the safety and soundness of financial institutions. 6 Credit card According to Meridien Research, estimated fraud loss for the credit card industry amount to $1.5 billion annually 7, of which $230 million is estimated to result from online transactions. MasterCard reported a 33.7% increase in worldwide fraud from 1998 to During the first quarter of 2000, fraud losses increased 35.3% over the last quarter in VISA reports similar trends. It is estimated that fraud losses for online transactions may exceed $500 million in Fraudulent credit card activities include the use of counterfeit, stolen, and neverreceived cards, as well as account takeover, mail order and Internet card-notpresent transactions. Health care Health care fraud includes frauds perpetrated upon government-sponsored and private health care benefit programs by insiders, the insured, and providers. Losses for 1999 were estimated to be about ten percent of all money spent on health care, which translates to a loss of approximately $100 billion. 9 Health care related cyber crimes include obtaining pharmaceuticals from Internet sites by providing false information and web sites that claim to provide expert medical advice, but, in fact, do not have any medical professional involved. Insurance According to an FBI report on insurance fraud, published on its web site under The Economic Crimes Unit section, total insurance industry fraud is 27.6 billion annually. The Coalition Against Insurance Fraud breaks the total down across the insurance industry as follows: Auto $12.3 billion Homeowners $1.8 billion Business/Commercial $12 billion Life/Disability $1.5 billion o Total $27.6 billion 10 Economic crimes in this area include those committed both internally and externally. Internal fraud can manifest itself in bribery of company officials, misrepresentation of company information for personal gain, and the like. December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 7
8 Applicants, policyholders, third party claimants, or agents providing service to claimants can commit external fraud. The fraud can take the form of inflated claims, false applications resulting in the issuance of fraudulent policies, or manipulating information in order to lower premiums. Securities In his testimony to the Senate Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary on March 21, 2000, Chairman Arthur Levitt stated that Internet securities fraud is on the rise. He stated that there will be over 5.5 million online brokerage accounts by year end 11. The SEC has seen a rapid rise in Internet fraud in this area, with most of it occurring in the past two years. One recent pyramid scheme raised more than $150 million from over 155,000 investors before it was shut down. Securities fraud takes the form of stock manipulation, fraudulent offerings, and illegal touts conducted through newspapers, meetings, and cold calling, among others. These same scams have been conducted electronically, but are now joined by some newer, more sophisticated fraudulent activity. These include momentum-trading web sites, scalping recommendations, message boards posted by imposters, web sites for day trading recommendations, and misdirected messages. Investors are suffering large losses due to these cyber crimes. 12 Telecommunications The U.S. Secret Service estimates that telecommunication fraud losses exceed $1 billion annually. 13 Other estimates range from $3 billion to $12 billion. 14 Subscription, or identity fraud involves using false or stolen IDs or credit cards to gain free service and anonymity. It has tripled since 1997, says Rick Kemper, Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association s (CTIA) director of wireless technology and security, a trend he attributes to criminals favoring subscription fraud over cloning, plus increased industry competition to reach a broader and riskier market. 15. The International Data Corporation (IDC: Framingham, MA) stated that, Fraud remains endemic to the wireless industry, with estimated loses expected to reach a staggering $677 million by One of the key reasons is the dramatic increase of subscription fraud which IDC estimates will reach $473 million by Telemarketing fraud resulted in losses to victims of over $40 billion in In 1996, the FBI estimated that there were over 14,000 telemarketing firms that were involved in fraudulent acts, the majority of which victimized the elderly. 19 December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 8
9 Many telemarketing firms have moved out of the United States to Toronto, Canada. They are able to attack American consumers from outside the country s borders. This poses a global challenge, as law enforcement agencies, in particular, need to work together. Intellectual Property and Computer Crime Intellectual property theft in the form of trademark infringement, cyber squatters, typo squatters, trade-secret theft, and copyright infringement has increased as Internet use and misuse has risen. It occurs across the seven industries detailed here, as well as most other businesses. According to the American Society for Industrial Security, American businesses have been losing $250 billion a year from intellectual property theft since the mid-1990 s. 20 Identity Theft Identity theft is not an industry specific crime. It can appear in any industry where personal information is used to gain credit or acquire customers. In years past, this type of crime was not prevalent, but the influx of technology has caused it to grow at a rapid pace and become a significant issue in the public eye, as its insidious nature poses real trauma to consumers. Statistics reflect its growth, with estimates of 500,000 to 700,000 victims of identity theft in The growth of identity theft has reached epidemic proportions, and is quickly becoming the crime of the new millennium. The cost of investigating identity theft cases in 1997 was reported to be $745 million. 22 The cost to individuals, which the National Fraud Center conservatively estimates to be $50 billion a year, has prompted Travelers Property Casualty Corp. to launch the first-ever insurance coverage for victims of identity theft. The coverage offers policyholders as much as $15,000 to cover expenses incurred in clearing their name. 23 According to the National Fraud Center, identity theft in e-commerce transactions is estimated at 11% of total transactions. IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON ECONOMIC CRIME The United States economy, including the growing e-commerce aspect of it, is increasingly threatened by cyber economic crime. Multiple studies still show that fraud, security, and privacy continue to be the primary detriment to the growth of e-commerce. Most economic crimes have a cyber version today. These cyber crimes offer more opportunities to the criminals, with larger payoffs and fewer risks. Websites can be spoofed and hijacked. Payment systems can be compromised and electronic fund transfers to steal funds or launder money occur at lightning speeds. Serious electronic crimes and victimization of the public have caused consumer confidence to waiver. These issues have also lead to growing privacy concerns and demands. In turn, the reluctance of the American public to embrace e-commerce fully is preventing this new form of business from December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 9
10 reaching its potential. We are quickly eroding the trust in our society that has been built up over the centuries. December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 10
11 GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC CRIME The connectivity of the Internet has made the concept of borders and jurisdictions an incredible challenge in most situations and meaningless in others. Laws, policies, and procedures that were once the purview of sovereign states are now becoming the focus of the world community. Organized groups of criminals can easily commit economic crimes and avoid sanctions across what were once clearly defined jurisdictions, necessitating increased cooperation among the global criminal justice agencies. Other threats include the loss of credibility with world partners, the transference of proceeds of economic crime to conventional crimes, such as drug trafficking and gun running, and threats to the national security by increased victimization from assaults based in foreign jurisdictions. FUTURE NEEDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS If the economic crime problem in the United States and the world is to be controlled the following areas must be addressed: Laws, regulations, and improved reporting systems. There are numerous bills pending in Congress that address criminal frauds committed on the Internet, identity theft, and issues involving Internet security and attacks upon web sites. This legislation should use language that will be easily adaptable to future technological changes to help deter economic crime. Further, legislative efforts will require broad based input in order to minimize the risk of onerous or restrictive legislation. Uniform and thorough reporting is necessary, as well; resources for prevention, investigation and prosecution will naturally follow as the enormity of the problem unfolds. Public-private partnerships must be fostered and enabled in order to prevent and combat economic and cyber crime. Strategies to develop and share tools and fraud databases need to be enacted. The increase in law enforcement budgets must be balanced between personnel, computer hardware and software to assist in the investigation and prosecution of economic and cyber crimes, and training to provide education on the problems and solutions. Economic and computer crime units in local and state law enforcement agencies should be trained in the detection, investigation and prosecution of economic and computer crime. There has been a sporadic increase in law enforcement personnel dedicated to investigating economic and computer crime. Both federal December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 11
12 and state governments have increased their budgets in these areas, and this trend will need to continue. There is a need for more support at the local level. Global interaction and cooperation. As economic and computer crime is a global problem, global interaction and cooperation must be fostered through multi-national organizations, treaties, safe harbors, alliances, and consistent laws. Balancing privacy interests. Personal or individual privacy concerns must be weighed against the needs for prevention, investigation and prosecution. Trust among law enforcement agencies, international governments, and private sector organizations must be fostered through discussions, a blend of regulation and industry self-regulation, and new technologies, so that the prevention and investigation process can go forward without impediment. Legal requirements for sharing information must be modified to foster cooperation. Safe harbors must be provided for organizations that are required to report and comply. A federal government body or sanctioned entity needs to have resources and must be focused, dedicated and empowered to facilitate, research and communicate methods of combating economic crime. CONCLUSION Preventing, detecting, investigating, and prosecuting economic crimes must become a priority, in an effort to lessen their impact on the economy and the public s confidence. However, both law enforcement and the private sector, as it stands now, is in danger of slipping further behind the highly sophisticated criminals. A greater understanding of how technology, competition, regulation, legislation and globalization is needed in order to successfully manage the delicate balance between economic progress and criminal opportunity. New resources, laws, support for existing organizations, e.g. The National Fraud Center, The National White Collar Crime Center, The Internet Fraud Council, The Economic Crime Investigation Institute, and public/private partnerships are necessary to control this growing problem in America and the world. December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 12
13 III. Growth of Economic Crime ECONOMIC CRIME DEFINED The lack of agreed upon definitions regarding economic crime and computer crime, has resulted in a paucity of data and information on the size and scope of the problem. There are no national mechanisms, such as the Uniform Crime Reports, for the reporting of economic crimes by law enforcement. Academics have not been able to agree on definitions and have for the most part continued to focus on white-collar crime. White-collar crimes require that the perpetrator be a person of status who has opportunity because of his position in an organization. 24 This definition, while seminal in the 1940 s, is inaccurate today and impedes agreement on more contemporary definitions. Based on Sutherland s limited definition, all other crimes are viewed as newer versions of conventional crimes. Thus, the true nature of the amount of economic crime is buried in the statistics of more conventional crimes. For example, credit card fraud is typically classified as a larceny instead of access device fraud. In 1995 the National Fraud Investigation Center undertook the task of creating a classification system that would be able to categorize and classify fraud information in a dynamic and hierarchical structure. The Fraud Identification Codes (FIC) were designed hierarchically to allow classification of each type of fraud in order of importance, and thus, provide the ability to add and modify types as it became necessary. Four levels of classification were developed, from the most general to the more specific: Class, Sub-class, Type and Sub-type. The following groups reviewed and recommended changes to the FIC: The Uniform Crime Reporting Division of the FBI, The National Incident Based Reporting System of the FBI, The White Collar Crime Division of the FBI, the American Bankers Association Check Fraud Unit, and the Secret Service. The FIC system currently has over 600 classified types of fraud including 11 classes, 75 subclasses, over 350 types and over 175 sub-types. Without a framework and a single reporting center, economic crime statistics will continue to be fragmented estimates of the true extent of the level of the crimes. A system such as the FIC codes could provide the logical format for a national program to gather data on economic crimes. In order to address the issue of economic crime in the United States, it is necessary to adopt a definition for the purpose of this white paper. The definition we will follow is: Economic Crime is defined as an illegal act (or a constantly evolving set of acts) generally committed by deception or misrepresentation (fraud) by someone (or a group) who has special professional or technical skills for the purposes of personal or organizational financial gain or to gain (or attempt to gain) an unfair advantage over another individual or entity. 25 December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 13
14 This definition provides for the inclusion of more contemporary crimes and methods in situations where the individual is not a person of status in an organization or even employed by the organization. It does not refer to these types of crimes as non-violent, as most definitions of white-collar crimes do. Increasingly, organized crime groups have used economic crime to fuel their enterprises, such as arms trafficking, drug smuggling, and terrorism, and have used violence to further their ends. TYPES OF ECONOMIC CRIMES AND DEVELOPMENT OF STATUTORY LAW There seems to be no limit to the types of economic crimes and the methods of committing them. However, certain crimes are unique to certain industries. For example, cloning applies to the wireless telecommunication industry and currency transaction reporting applies primarily to the banking and financial services industry. The discussion that follows relates to specific economic crimes in nine different areas and the laws enacted by Congress that proscribe the illegal conduct. Mail and Wire Fraud: Generic Frauds and Swindles The mail fraud statute (18 U.S.C. 1341) was enacted in The law was designed specifically to enable special agents of the U.S. Mail to investigate frauds and swindles perpetrated through the use of the mail system and to seek federal prosecution for such offenses. Because it applies to any scheme or artifice to defraud, or for obtaining money or property by false pretenses, representations or promises, the statute has been used to prosecute fraudulent insurance claims, fraudulent loan applications, securities frauds, and an unlimited variety of frauds and swindles. It frequently is applied to new types of fraudulent acts in those situations where Congress has not had the opportunity to enact a specific statute to deal with the crime. Because mail fraud has generic appeal, it applies to conventional economic crimes in the eight areas on which this report focuses. The crime of mail fraud is committed by depositing or receiving matter with or from the Postal Service or a private interstate carrier (for example, FedEx or UPS) or causing matter to be delivered by the Postal Service or such carrier for the purpose of furthering the fraudulent scheme. There is no monetary threshold necessary for prosecution, although federal prosecutors informally may decline to handle minor cases. The wire fraud statute (18 U.S.C. 1343) is patterned after the mail fraud statute. It proscribes the use of interstate communications by wire, radio or television to perpetrate a scheme or artifice to defraud. The statute is generic in application and applies to a wide range of criminal activity across industries. Courts have not limited the reach of the statute to land line telephone communications; the statute has been applied to wireless communications using microwave December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 14
15 technology, in part. Because transactions over the Internet usually involve interstate communications by telephone wire or cable, the wire fraud statute will continue to serve as an effective law enforcement and prosecutorial tool to combat cyber crimes against all major industries. Banking Industry: Financial Institution Crimes Like mail and wire fraud, the bank fraud statute (18 U.S.C. 1344) applies generically to any scheme to defraud a financial institution or any fraudulent act designed to obtain money or property from a financial institution. The statute currently defines a financial institution as any depositary institution insured by the FDIC, as well as credit unions and the Federal Reserve Bank. Unlike mail or wire fraud, which are limited to the medium of communication (either mail or wire), the bank fraud statute applies to any fraudulent scheme designed to obtain money or property from the financial institution, including check forging, check kiting, stolen checks, credit card fraud, fraudulent loan applications, student loan fraud, and embezzlement. The financial statement statute (18 U.S.C. 1014) applies to any fraudulent statement made to a financial institution for the purpose of obtaining money or property in the custody or control of the institution. The quintessential financial statement fraud is a false statement made in an application for a loan or to obtain credit from a financial institution. The Continuing Financial Crimes Enterprise (CFCE) statute (18 U.S.C. 225) was enacted in 1990 and is designed to impose criminal sanctions for large-scale frauds committed upon financial institutions, such as the massive frauds upon the savings and loan industry. A CFCE is a series of violations of numerous sections (215, 656, 657, 1005, 1006, 1007, 1014, 1032, or 1344) of title 18 of the U.S. Code, as well as the crimes of mail and wire fraud, if they affect a financial institution, committed by one who organizes, manages or supervises the enterprise, and receives $5 million in gross receipts from the enterprise over a 24-month period. It is limited to financial institutions as victims, but would include a series of credit card frauds, if those crimes were charged under 18 U.S.C. 1341, 1343 or The computer fraud statute (18 U.S.C. 1030) currently prohibits accessing a protected computer without authority, or in excess of authority, to obtain information or to obtain something of value, hacking into a protected computer and transmitting a program, information, code, or command with the intent to damage the computer, or transmitting in interstate commerce any threat to cause damage to a protected computer in order to extort something of value. Because a protected computer includes a computer exclusively for the use of a financial institution or if not exclusively used, a computer used by or for a financial institution * * * and the conduct constituting the offense affects that use by or for the financial institution (18 U.S.C [e] [2]), the statute applies to specific December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 15
16 criminal conduct directed at bank computers or computerized data storage facilities. The money laundering statutes (18 U.S.C and 1957) were enacted in 1986 as part of the Money Laundering Control Act. These sections apply to the conduct of the customer of a financial institution who deposits the proceeds of criminal activity with the bank and uses the bank to layer or launder those proceeds and to facilitate the transportation of the proceeds into or out of the country. Banks providing online services and electronic wire transfers are particularly susceptible to such conduct. In 1970, Congress enacted the Bank Secrecy Act, also known as the Currency and Foreign Transaction Reporting Act, to curb the laundering of cash through banking institutions. That Act requires the filing of currency transaction reports (CTR s) for any deposit or withdrawal of cash exceeding $10,000. Subsequent amendments to the Act require the filing of reports for the transportation of currency or monetary instruments exceeding $10,000 into or out of the U.S., cash transactions exceeding $10,000 at casinos or as part of business transactions, and for suspicious activity transactions. The Treasury Department has promulgated several regulations providing the details of the reporting requirements, which apply to both electronic fund transfers and online banking transactions. The Racketeering Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) statute (18 U.S.C. 1962) has application to mail fraud, wire fraud, bank fraud, currency transaction reporting violations and money laundering because they are predicated acts constituting racketeering activity. RICO provides an effective law enforcement weapon against those who engage in a pattern of racketeering activity and victimize a financial institution, or those financial institutions that engage in a pattern of racketeering activity. Credit Card Crimes In addition to mail and wire fraud, Congress has enacted two laws that specifically address the traditional means of committing crimes involving a credit card. The credit card fraud statute (15 U.S.C. 1644) prohibits the sale, use or transportation of a counterfeit, altered, stolen, lost or fraudulently obtained credit card in a transaction affecting or using interstate or foreign commerce, or furnishing money obtained through the use of a counterfeit, altered, stolen, lost or fraudulently obtained card, or the receipt or concealment of goods or tickets for interstate or foreign transportation obtained though the use of such a card. Federal courts disagree whether this crime can be committed without a plastic card. Because online transactions involve the use of the credit card number and not the card itself (although future technology might encompass the use of stored value, smart cards or some other form of encrypted card for Internet transactions), it is unclear whether section 1644 applies to online transactions. December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 16
17 The access device statute (18 U.S.C. 1029), however, defines an access device to include a card (and thus, either credit, debit, stored value or smart cards) or an account number. This statute prohibits the production, use or trafficking in counterfeit credit cards or account numbers, the possession of 15 or more counterfeit cards or account numbers, producing, trafficking in or possessing equipment used to produce counterfeit cards, without authority from the card issuer, offering a card or selling information regarding applications to obtain cards, or attempts or conspiracies to commit any of the above acts regarding credit cards or account numbers. Health Care Fraud Prior to 1996, federal prosecutors employed generic crimes such as the false statements statute (18 U.S.C. 1001), false claims statute (18 U.S.C. 287), mail fraud statute (18 U.S.C. 1341) or wire fraud statute (18 U.S.C. 1343) to prosecute those charged with engaging in conduct encompassed by the term health care fraud. In some instances, prosecutors were able to use laws created to address specific methods of committing health care fraud relating to the Medicare and Medicaid programs, such as the false claims statute (42 U.S.C. 1320a-7b[a]), the anti-kickback statute (42 U.S.C. 1320a-7b[b][1]), and the self-referral statute (42 U.S.C. 1395nn). In 1996, Congress enacted the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which created five distinct health care fraud crimes. This enactment was significant in that it imposes criminal penalties for health care frauds perpetrated upon private health care benefit plans, as well as Medicare and Medicaid. Health care fraud under HIPAA is committed by executing or attempting to execute a scheme or artifice to defraud any health care benefit program or fraudulently obtaining the money or property of a health care benefit program (18 U.S.C. 1347). HIPAA also proscribes the theft or embezzlement of funds, securities, premiums, property and other assets of a health care benefit program, concealment of a material fact or fraudulent statements in connection with the delivery or payment of health care benefits or services, and the obstruction of or interference with the communication of records relating to a violation of HIPAA to a criminal investigator (18 U.S.C. 669, 1035, 1518). Additionally, a conspiracy to violate any of those offenses also is a crime (18 U.S.C. 1345). Federal financial statement fraud (18 U.S.C. 1001) and false claims fraud (18 U.S.C. 287) have limited application to the health care industry because the victim in those statutes is the government. The enactment of HIPAA significantly enhances the prosecutorial arsenal available to combat health care fraud committed by traditional means because the victim of those crimes are health care benefit programs, which include private health insurance plans. The Act, however, does not address a myriad of other cyber crimes that are health care related, for example, pharmaceutical fraud, web sites that fraudulently purport to December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 17
18 provide medical advice, and phony web sites. The only statutory tool currently available to prosecute such conduct effectively is the wire fraud statute. Insurance Fraud Most fraudulent conduct impacting upon the insurance industry constitutes application fraud or claims fraud. These frauds may be committed by the insured, an agent or employee of the company, a third party, or as is more often the case, a conspiracy between two or more of those groups. Historically, insurance fraud has been the subject of state regulation. Nevertheless, federal jurisdiction and laws may be invoked where the fraudulent activity constitutes a mail or wire fraud, which is frequently the case. Applications for insurance are commonly sent through the mail or processed online over the Internet. Proofs of loss, bills, invoices and receipts submitted in support of an insurance claim typically are transmitted to the insurer by mail or by fax transmission. Further, a continuing pattern of such activity may constitute a RICO crime. Federal law (18 U.S.C. 1033) also regulates the conduct of persons or entities engaged in the business of insurance. It imposes criminal sanctions for (a) the embezzlement or misappropriation of premiums, money or other property of insurance companies, (b) the making of false statements or reports to an insurance regulatory agency or official involving the overvaluing of land, property or security for the purpose of influencing action by that agency, (c) making false entries in any book, report or statement of the insurance company to deceive the company or an insurance agency or official regarding the financial solvency of the business, (d) engaging in the insurance business by any person convicted of a felony involving dishonesty or a breach of trust, and (e) threatening, influencing or obstructing the administration of law in any pending proceeding before an insurance regulatory agency or official. There is no published decision to date regarding prosecutions under this section. Section 1034 authorizes the U.S. Attorney General to seek civil penalties or injunctions for violations of section Securities Fraud Congress created numerous securities fraud crimes by enactment of the Securities and Exchange Act of The major anti-fraud statute is section 10(b) of the Act, which is codified at 15 U.S.C. 78j (b). That section and Rule 10b-5 (7 C.F.R b-5), which was promulgated by the Securities Exchange Commission, prohibit the use of any instrumentality of interstate commerce or stock exchange or mail for the commission of a fraudulent act, scheme or artifice to defraud, or the making of a false statement in connection with the purchase or sale of a security. Although that statute and rule have served as an effective prosecutorial weapon in combating securities fraud and insider trading, the statute was not drawn with the Internet and e-trading in mind. December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 18
19 Telecommunication Fraud Fraud impacts all sectors of the communications industry telephone, wireless, and cable. The types of fraud are numerous: toll fraud, including clip-on and shoulder surfing methods, call-sell operations established by organized crime groups who engage phreaks to hack into phone line, subscription fraud, which frequently also involves identity theft, PBX fraud, which also involves call-sell operations, calling card fraud, remote call forwarding, and computer terrorism/sabotage. Because these frauds frequently encompass interstate wire communications, the wire fraud statute is an effective legal weapon to combat telecommunication fraud. The principal fraudulent activities impacting upon the wireless communication industry are subscription fraud and cloning. Subscription fraud occurs when an individual applies for and obtains a wireless telephone account. Because a fraudulent application customarily involves the use of a counterfeit or stolen credit card or account number, or a stolen means of identification, the credit card fraud, access device fraud, and identity fraud statutes are available for the prosecution of such behavior. Most wireless service providers currently encourage customers to apply by accessing their web site. The wire fraud statute serves as an additional prosecutorial weapon to combat online subscription fraud. Cloning entails the theft of an electronic serial number (ESN) and mobile identification number (MIN) assigned to a legitimate wireless phone, and the installation of those numbers on a stolen phone. Once accomplished, the cloned stolen phone behaves like the phone owned by the legitimate customer, and the monthly bill for charges are sent to the legitimate customer. The access device statute (18 U.S.C. 1029) specifically proscribes the theft of ESNs and MINs, the production or use of a cloned phone, and the possession, use, production or trafficking in scanning receivers or hardware or software utilized to clone phones for the purpose of obtaining unauthorized wireless services. Although cloning a phone and the use of a cloned phone historically has not involved the Internet, technology is now in place to enable wireless access to the Internet. The access device statute should continue to be an effective legal weapon to combat the use of cloned phones for Internet access. Additionally, the computer fraud statute may also apply to such conduct. Congress initially sought to regulate abuses committed by the telemarketing industry by enactment of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (47 U.S.C. 227). That Act provides for statutory damages for each violation, but does not impose criminal sanctions. In 1994, Congress enacted the Senior Citizens Against Marketing Scams (SCAMS) Act. The SCAMS Act (18 U.S.C ) imposes criminal penalties for telemarketing frauds involving wire communications, including conspiracies to commit such crimes, and enhanced sentences where senior citizens are victimized. Because Internet scams December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 19
20 encompass the use of wire communications in part, the wire fraud statute (18 U.S.C. 1343) will remain an effective legal weapon for the prosecution of scammers. Intellectual Property and Computer Crime The computer fraud statute (18 U.S.C. 1030) seeks to address conduct involving the use of computers to perpetrate the crime and computers as the victims of crime. The statute imposes criminal penalties for: (1) Accessing a computer without authorization to obtain classified federal information to be used for the benefit of a foreign nation. (2) Accessing a computer without authorization to obtain the financial record of a financial institution, issuer of a credit card, consumer reporting agency or federal agency. (3) Accessing a government computer without authorization and affecting the government s use of the computer. (4) Accessing a protected computer (a protected computer is a computer either used in interstate or foreign commerce or exclusively for the use of a financial institution or the U.S. government) without authorization and with the intent to defraud and obtaining anything of value through that fraudulent act. (5) Transmitting a program, information, code or command and intentionally causing damage to a protected computer. (6) Accessing a protected computer and causing damage. (7) Trafficking in any password that can be used to access a computer if the trafficking affects interstate or foreign commerce, or such computer is used by or for the Government of the United States. 26 (8) Transmitting any threat to cause damage to a protected computer in order to extort money or other thing of value. To the extent that credit card account numbers constitute computer data on various e-commerce web sites, accessing the computers or peripheral equipment for the purposes of unlawfully obtaining and trafficking in stolen account numbers may also constitute computer fraud. A recent example of such conduct is the hacker identified as Maxim who attempted to extort $100,000 from CD Universe and, when the threat failed, posted credit card account numbers that he had obtained from CD Universe s web site on another web site. Because the use of a modem involves a wire communication, the wire fraud statute (18 U.S.C. 1343) applies to the use of a computer to commit crimes, including credit card transactions, online banking, online insurance fraud, etc. Prior to 1996, the principal federal weapon designed to combat the theft of trade secrets was the Trade Secrets Act (18 U.S.C. 1905). That statute prohibits the unauthorized disclosure of confidential information by government employees. December 2000 National Fraud Center, Inc. a LEXIS-NEXIS Company 20
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text:
Your early years, young man, are a hodgepodge of formative experiences, slowly simmering the man-stew that is you into the delicious concoction that goes so well with beer that you are today. But few formative experiences can have the impact that the first girlfriend has. It doesn't matter who you are, that first girl has informed every interaction you've had with girls since more than any other woman in your life except, possibly, your mamma.
Depending on how it went, she could've fostered in you a healthy respect for women and a propensity for fulfilling, genuine relationships throughout your life. Or, if she was a psycho hose beast, you probably have at least some issues with the fairer sex, and at most, openly despise dating.
In the latest issue of Psychology Today, Laura Carpenter, a sociologist at Vanderbilt, says of first relationships, "It's the only time you're ever in love where you've never had your heart broken. You can have better relationships after that, but there's never again one where you've never been hurt."
These powerful first relationships, obviously, inform how you act toward your future girlfriends. But the phenomenon is so powerful and so common that they gave it a name. It's called transference, and the odds are, you've experienced it. It's called transference. It's when you see a trait, action, situation, or cue that reminds you of your ex, and you then project those experiences onto whomever you're interacting with currently.
Anytime you or your girlfriend starts a sentence with, "Well, when I was dating…," your comparing the other, on some level, to another of your romances. And, the odds are, it's the most powerful, impressing one: your first.
We make it sound all bad, but it doesn't have to be. If your first relationship was a good one, the feelings your projecting on your new romance will also be good. In a best case scenario, you'll be projecting those feelings as well as a variety of other Gumby-inspired sex-nastics onto your new paramour, but we digress.
The Perfect Girlfriend – Watch more Funny Videos
The more interesting question for most people is: How do I get over it? The interesting answer is, according to Psychology Today as follows:
Make a choice
This one sounds easier than it is for a lot of people. Many would argue you can't "just make a choice to get over it." That might seem true, so an exercise you might try is to literally right down the pros and cons of dwelling on your ex. It seems ridiculous, and it is. But when you do such a ridiculous thing, in which the cons will dramatically outweigh the pros, you'll realize how ludicrous it is to continue being hung up on your first lady.
Contain your rumination
Set aside a period each day – say 10 minutes – in which your only concern is to ruminate, pine, keen, and otherwise think about your ex. It won't take you long to get bored of your required 10 minute mopiness, and that is going to wire your brain to always be bored of it. It won't take long before your heartache is expunged.
Get present
Get your head out of the past by putting it someplace in the present. Good ways to do this are to join a gym, take an awesome class, or just date your damn face off. It's probably written on a bumper sticker somewhere, but that doesn't mean it isn't true: the best way to get over somebody, is to get under somebody else.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Ready-Up writes:
"The more cynical Halo fans always knew there would be a fourth instalment to the series; it made too much money. The optimists celebrated and mourned the end of the war with the Covenant and Flood and believed that our hero was set to retire peacefully among the stars. Never to be squeezed of his essence to sell for cash like so many of our beloved characters and universes over the years. So of course we were worried, not least because Bungie wasn't manning the helm, that this could be the game equivalent of The Crystal Skull, Prometheus, or Star Wars episode one."
Looks like 343 came through with flying colors! =D Great read.
4 days and counting bring it on. Now back to forza horizon for me.


text:
About MBKU
Located in Fullerton, CA, Marshall B. Ketchum University is an independent, private, non-profit, accredited educational institution. MBKU is home to the Southern California College of Optometry, the School of PA Studies and College of Pharmacy. The Southern California College of Optometry confers a Doctor of Optometry and a Master of Science in Vision Science degree. The School of PA Studies awards a Master of Medical Science degree. The College of Pharmacy welcomed its first class in the fall of 2016 and will award a Doctor of Pharmacy degree. MBKU owns and operates two premier eye and vision care centers: the University Eye Center at Ketchum Health Anaheim and the University Eye Center at Ketchum Health Los Angeles.
Our Vision
We seek to reimagine the future of health care education.
Our Mission
The mission of Marshall B. Ketchum University is to educate caring, inspired health care professionals who are prepared to deliver collaborative, patient-centric health care in an interprofessional environment.
Our Core Values
Marshall B. Ketchum University is guided by the values of:
Accountability - We are committed to honesty, fairness and responsibility for our words and actions.
Caring - We strive to address the needs of our university community and others by nurturing a spirit of compassion.
Excellence - Consistent with our legacy, we are committed to achieving outcomes of the highest quality.
Innovation - We have the courage to dream and experiment with creative and unique ideas.
Respect - We value the unique talents and diversity of people, strive to work collaboratively, and honor the open exchange of ideas.
Our Colleges & Schools
● Southern California College of Optometry
Est. 1904
● School of Physician Assistant Studies
Est. 2011
● College of Pharmacy
Est. 2013
Our History
Our Founding
In 1904, Marshall Bidwell Ketchum, MD, founded what has grown to become Ketchum University, an independent, private, non-profit, accredited educational institution located in Fullerton, CA. Today, we are proud to recognize Dr. Ketchum's many contributions to the early development of optometric education as the namesake of Marshall B. Ketchum University (est. 2013).
Becoming a University
In order to meet the expectations being set by collaborative practice models for our students and future health care providers, President Kevin Alexander, OD, PhD, moved forward with deliberate plans to transition the Southern California College of Optometry from a single-discipline, independent college into a leader among small health care educational institutions.
MBKU Today
Today, the Southern California College of Optometry, The School of PA Studies (College of Health Sciences) and College of Pharmacy are partners in a challenging new approach to health care education, designed for and with the nation's future primary care providers in mind. The future is expecting us.


text:
Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum 23rd June 2016 Written Episode Update
Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum 23rd June 2016 Written Episode, Written Update on TellyUpdates.com
The Episode starts with Manvi thinking where did everyone go? Rahul comes and holds her romantically. Manvi gets shy and says Dadi or Papa will come. Rahul says let them come, they will not tell anything, I am their son. Yamini gets angry seeing them romancing and makes storm comes. Rahul closes the window. Photo frame falls on Manvi. Rahul takes her inside being worried. Manvi's dad calls Rahul and asks about Mr. Joy Mukherji. Rahul says yes, I know him. Manvi asks what happened? Rahul says nothing. He tells that what do you want to know? Manvi's dad says he liked his daughter for Yash. Rahul says Protima is good, and asks them to fix the marriage. He says I will talk to Joy Mukherji. Sonali tells Manvi that she saw that girl in parties and says their choice is good. Dadi says Harsh should
Yamini thanks them for supporting her. Sonali asks Yamini to tell her mum that she is fine. Yamini calls Kabir. Kabir says I hope everything is alright there. Yamini says yes and says nobody is doubtful. Kabir asks her to find the scene and says it is very important. Yamini asks him not to worry and goes to Rahul-Manvi's room on the pretext of cleaning the floor. She checks in the cupboard and thinks now she has to clean the room. Rahul searches for his phone and come back to room. Yamini stops him and says she has done poocha/wiping the floor. Rahul asks her not to be hardworking and says other servants will do it. Yamini thinks I have to find that scene anyhow. She sees temple room and goes inside to check (strange, how can witch enter temple room). Yamini thinks if that scene is hidden with mantra and thinks scene is inside the lamp. She moves the lamp. Dadi comes and asks what are you doing here? Yamini says she was missing her husband and that's why thought to clean the temple and pray for her husband. Dadi says God will give peace to Harish's soul. Manvi comes and asks her to take rest. Yamini goes.
Manvi gets worried about Joy's answer for Harsh. Sonali comes and looks sadly. She says Joy said yes. Manvi hugs her and is happy. She thanks Sonali. Sonali says it is all God's work. Manvi calls Rahul and says I want to give good news. Rahul says Mukherji uncle wants to meet Harsh. Manvi says I was about to call baba. Rahul says we will go there and inform them. Yamini comes and asks if she is going somewhere. Manvi says yes, I am going to my baba's house. Yamini thinks I have to go with her and meet her family as I have to kill them also after killing her. She tells Manvi that she has to get something for her husband's shrad puja. Manvi asks her to come with her and says they will buy.
Rahul, Manvi and Yamini reach Shilpa's house. Shilpa asks Yamini to come and sit. Yamini sits on floor thinking she is a servant now. Shilpa and Manvi make her sit on sofa. Abhimanya asks Rahul if he talk to Mukherji. Manvi says he said yes. Upmanyu is happy. Harsh asks who is Mukherji. Rahul says yes. Manvi says he is your sasur and asks Harsh to tell if he is seeing someone. Harsh says marriage is a big responsibility. Manvi says even I felt the same, but responsibilities get divided after marriage. Yamini thinks this guy is simple and she shall take him in her control. Abhimanya asks Harsh to meet Protima once. Harsh agrees. Yamini thinks they are simple people and it is difficult to break such people, but I don't like simple things. Manvi says something is burning in kitchen. Shilpa is about to go to kitchen, but Yamini stops her and says she will check. She goes to kitchen. Harsh comes there to take water for Manvi. Yamini starts to control him with her powers and thinks he will help me take revenge from Manvi and Rahul.
No Precap.
Update Credit to: H Hasan


text:
|"I not listen to YOU!"
I don't know what to do anymore. I have read and read on how others deal with this kind of behavior (Aha! Parenting has some great articles) , but the ideas just repeatedly backfire. He's a smart little one and, while a new approach will work the first time, he sees through it the second time. I'm finally getting him to say his feelings ("I'm very, very ANGRY!!!") so I can mimic them back to show him I understand. But it's not helping - instead of yelling and screaming about the problem, he just yells and screams about his emotions.
My husband isn't helping, either. Due to some physical and mental problems, he's not spending enough time with Little Guy to even be able to understand his speech. When he is around, he gives in to the demands just to avoid the tantrums. This means that Little Guy is "the boss of Daddy" and he sure throws his weight around! When my husband just cannot give in, such as a situation like the cake one or something that is dangerous, he goes from weak-willed Daddy to the guy who's threatening to spank. Especially when Little Guy is hitting (yeah - THAT makes sense!) Then Dad leaves because "I can't deal with this anymore." UGH!
The only thing I can think of doing differently is spending more one-on-one time with him. I thought that we already did a lot of it. But, now that I stand back and evaluate our time together, we don't. We might be in the same room, but we are both doing different things. He'll be playing with his cars while I hit up Facebook for the latest news. Not really quality time.
I have a ton of projects that I want to do with him (check out my Pinterest Kids' Crafts and Recipes boards!) but I really need to get my house in order first. So, I've been working on getting our house cleaned out and organized. I've been asking him to help me, which he eagerly agrees to do. Unfortunately, he will help for only a few minutes - then he's into things he knows he should not be playing with, running into the bathroom and tossing anything he can get his hands on into the toilet, or running into my oldest's room and messing with his stuff (our doors don't close correctly, thanks to shoddy carpentry.) After five or ten minutes of cleaning, we end up throwing in the towel for a little while. It just feels like an uphill battle right now and I'm becoming disheartened and frustrated. I'm going to keep up with this, though, because I'm pretty sure that the novelty of it will wear off and he'll (eventually) be able to focus on our "Important Jobs" that I need his expert help to complete.
This kid is busy. He's smart and can see through plans and, I swear, tries to foil them just for the heck of it. He really wants to be helpful and spend quality time together - it's just that he's still at that self-centered age and wants the best for himself first. And, thanks to Daddy, he thinks that flipping out and throwing a huge tantrum is the way to get those things. I suspect that he leans toward the ADD side due to his inability to do anything for more than a few minutes - even the things he LOVES to do. He's got a great sense of self and takes pride in anything he does - especially when he doesn't need help to do it.
Does anyone have any suggestions for me? I don't do rewards for a good job - I want him to learn to do good things because he will feel good inside, not so he can get a sticker or piece of candy. He is often congratulated when he obviously struggles with something and overcomes it, whether it is getting his pants on by himself or helping me do the dishes without getting down off the chair and running around the kitchen getting into everything. He knows the rules that are unchanging (mainly safety ones) and the rules that can be bent (the "harmony ones" that help us all live together.)


text:
What it's like to grow up knowing you were an 'oops baby'
I grew up knowing I wasn't meant to be. My mom talked about my conception in explanations and excuses. They were both 19. They'd only been dating for a few weeks. It was her first weekend away. Dad had just bought a shiny orange car with black stripes down the center. She didn't know she could get pregnant her first time.
They got married three months later. As I child, I distinctly remember her pointing to a large portrait of her and my dad on their wedding day. She smiled, holding a bouquet of flowers and a small bible. He stood proud in his blue tuxedo.
More: An open letter to Beverly Cleary: Thanks for making me a better mom
"There's Mommy, and there's Daddy," she'd say. "And there's you!" She'd point to her slightly rounded belly. I felt happy that I was there with them. That I was a part of that. I must have been 3 or 4 at the time.
My parents did their best. I grew up oblivious to their dislike for each other. Dad worked as an electrician, and Mom put herself through college, getting a bachelor's degree, then a master's — the first in our whole family to get any sort of college diploma. But I knew Mom wasn't happy. She talked a lot about how she'd wanted to be a flight attendant, and travel the world.
Though I never singled myself out as the cause, I knew "we" collectively — my brother, Dad and I — made her unhappy. We were not the life she wanted.
More: Why do we get so mad when poor people have luxuries?
I asked a lot about the beginnings of my parents' relationship as a teenager. I imagined their love story to be something of a "love at first sight" fairy tale. Mom shrugged, said they sort of liked each other and explained that I was a surprise.
Over the years, as I grew older, started dating and got closer to the age she'd found out about me, she admitted that she'd sat in the parking lot of an abortion clinic, but couldn't go through with it. She'd deny saying this later on, but I never forgot it, or forgave her for telling me. What if she had? Was my whole existence really just a choice?
At 16, I got in a car accident that nearly killed me. In the months after, I kept writing in journals, or Word documents that I'd erase, and even in college application essays, "Why didn't I die?" My life seemed too fragile, or fleeting. I was the result of an inability to get out of a car. Now I was the result of a seatbelt I didn't remember putting on. I craved tenderness from my family. I needed reassurance. I didn't want to simply be there anymore. I wanted to be wanted.
More: I want alone time so badly, I'd rather sit in traffic than be with my kids
When I found out about my own surprise pregnancy at 28, getting an abortion never crossed my mind. When my daughter started asking questions, I never used the word accident.
She was conceived on my birthday. I told her I deliberately chose to be her mother, and over the years I explained what that meant. I tell her she's the best decision I ever made. I tell her she's my gift.
Before you go, check out our slideshow below:


text:
Tovia Singer Show
The Tovia Singer Show is one of the most provocative, honest and enlightening radio shows in the Jewish world. Each week, extraordinary personalities are invited on the show providing key insights which unravel complex Jewish issues. Past guests have included Lecturer Dennis Prager, Mid-East expert Daniel Pipes, Jerusalem Mayor Ehud Olmert and many other distinguished guests
- A hozzászóláshoz belépés szükséges


text:
Tuesday, August 25, 2009
An Unusual blog - typed out in my mobile :)
Posted by Rajesh at 7:18:00 AM
6 comments:
- Preetilata【ツ】 said...
"A Step Forward" is truely "steps ahead".
good luck !!
- Tuesday, 25 August, 2009 at 10:57:00 PM IST
- Destination Infinity said...
I can understand your feelings - I have taken a break for 5-6 months to work on a website, and that website is not getting that many hits as I had anticipated. But neverthless got to try my best! I think you could join a job and then move to a different place and start preparing for CAT. MBA with experience is also very much preferred!
BTW, you have been tagged on the topic 'Fast Furious and Danceable songs'. You can list Shreya Ghosal's songs entirely if you wish :-) Please do it when you have time.
Destination Infinity
- Thursday, 27 August, 2009 at 1:36:00 AM IST
- Nishant said...
Yes Rajesh...I have suffereed with the same problem when I gave Board Exams last 2 last year...bt there ws only one solution to dat problem - Shreya's voice :).
Her voice and she herself has acted like a Psychiatrist in my life :)
Always a die hard fan of Shreya
Good Luck Rajesh.Looking forward 2 ur book !
- Thursday, 27 August, 2009 at 11:25:00 PM IST
- Amrita said...
Hey, can understand these conflicting emotions when there is such a biggie exam looming. And it is okay to have such heavy tumultous thoughts.
And about the sad state of affairs in India, well... Sometimes I feel it s beyond redemption.
I felt so connected to this post.
All the very best Rajesh. Things will fall into place soon.
- Monday, 31 August, 2009 at 10:38:00 AM IST
- Mahita said...
Perhaps, I am a little too late to comment on this post, and I fervently hope that the troubled time is a momentary thing and that you already are looking forward and ahead in life, but, could not just read and let go....
Sachin, whether he is OUT the first ball to the most underrated bowler in the world or OUT the first ball of the match, it makes little difference to who he is. He still remains Sachin and he is a legend irrespective of hits and flops and he is a legend, because every single time he is there on that field, one can see passion and hunger. And as long as he holds that passion, he will succeed. Not all the times he would have felt right and felt that things are going his way, like perhaps his captaincy which had been the most trying of all, YET, he stood tall, and he still is :) and that is the reason he still can send a shiver down the spine of an opponent. [can't agree with the critics still :)].
Being a fan of his, I am sure you would feel the same compassion to him and to your goals and as long as that passion for the fire in you, thrives, you will move forward and shall eventually succeed. Rewards are not always immediate, but no deed goes unrewarded.
Good Luck for your bright future. As long as you stand on the face of the earth and can still smile at the sky, just remember that nothing is difficult. After all, we belong to the race that set foot on moon - homosapiens... Stars should not be that far!!!! :D
No offense meant anywhere in the above few lines...
And yes, Shreya Goshal has a mesmerizing voice that can thrill one's nerves.
All the very best with your CAT... :)
- Sunday, 27 September, 2009 at 9:40:00 PM IST
- Anonymous said...
- Tuesday, 6 October, 2009 at 2:04:00 PM IST


text:
Skip to comments.Man Charged In Fake Flu Shot Case
Posted on 10/28/2005 11:16:56 PM PDT by Bayou City
Man Charged In Fake Flu Shot Case
Shots Contain Purified Water
POSTED: 4:56 pm CDT October 28, 2005
UPDATED: 5:15 pm CDT October 28, 2005
HOUSTON -- A man was charged Friday, accused of intentionally administering fake flu shots to hundreds of ExxonMobil employees, KPRC Local 2 reported.
Iyad Abu El Hawa, 35, is accused of attempting to defraud Medicare by giving fake flu vaccines, according to U.S. Attorney Chuck Rosenberg. Officials said El Hawa substituted a purified form of water for the vaccine.
Investigators said the bogus flu shots were given at an ExxonMobil health fair on Oct. 19 and 20 at the Baytown refinery. About 1,100 people received them.
According to court papers, El Hawa admitted to giving the fake shots to the ExxonMobil employees and also to 14 senior citizens at a La Porte nursing home last Friday.
He also told federal agents he had done it other times, as well, officials said.
"This is a callous and disturbing crime. Mr. El Hawa purposely put at risk many, many people. He put at risk those who thought they were being inoculated against the flu, but in fact, were not. He also put at risk those who received a fake vaccine and those for whom that provide care," Rosenberg said.
El Hawa is the owner of Comfort & Care Home Health, 10101 Harwin, and operates two other facilities -- America Home Health and Universal Home Health Care Services.
He was arrested and placed in federal custody Thursday night. If convicted, El Hawa faces up to 10 years in prison and a $250,000 fine. More charges could be filed, prosecutors said.
Officials said the case came to light when a nurse called the FBI after El Hawa's employees were unable to supply a lot number for the vaccine.
"Iyad Abu El Hawa"?
No way would I let him stick a needle in me!
Nothing to see here. It's an isolated incident. You can trust him to not be a bio-terrorist. No need to panic. The government wouldn't lie to you.
I know what you mean. Now they need to send a team of investigators to check out the situations with all of the elderly at his home, etc.
FYI for those of you unfamiliar with Houston...
The Harwin area, where his office is located, is a hotbed of ME and Asian types who sell knock-off designer items at "wholesale" prices.
I heard about this yesterday on 950am and my hair stood on end! The report said it was saline in the syringe..... but holy cow!!!! What a really sneaky way to start some bio-terrorism. I hope Homeland Security is all over this one.
I pulled up a Satellite shot of the building, that is a big operation. No lawn, no landscaping, looks like a warehouse, and probably is!
OK people, there's nothing to see here! Move along!
Must've gone to the Dan Rather School of Innoculation: "My injections are fake but accurate!"
Why is this not 10 years and $250k for each fake shot?
Put this scumbag away for the rest of his life...
Exxon mobile put him up to it they were trying to save some $ on the vaccines, pretty strapped for cash right now. Bwwaahahahahahahahahahahah
I guess my attitude comes from living in Asia, but what I wonder about is how many times it does happen and never discovered or reported. Things like this happen all the time here.
BTW, there is no Dr. in front of this guy's name. Wouldn't he have to be an MD or at least masquerading as one? Not that that means an MD wouldn't do this.
Iyad Abu Taflu Vac Sinh.
I know... didn't they watch Law and Order?
Yes, of course, - I forgot about that.
???? How does stuff like this get past an editor?
With a name like this, they are probably lucky it was just purified water. Could have been some sort of terrorist plot to poison American workers.
Swampsniper, it absolutely is a warehouse district. Sort of like a huge strip center full of various "shops" who work out of fronts of the warehouses. No glitz, no glitter.
And Aggie Mama, you read my mind about the bio-terrorism. What an ideal way to make a massive hit on Americans. It's positively spooky!
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