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10 Questions for Alex Henery, THE Most Accurate Kicker in NCAA History
Randy York's N-Sider
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San Diego - He's a recent graduate in Nebraska's College of Engineering and the Huskers' career scoring leader, even if he did arrive in Lincoln as an all-state punter who spent several months deciding whether to accept a soccer scholarship at Creighton or see if he could experience the ultimate dream as a Cornhusker football walk-on.
With a story as mind-boggling, logic-defying and record-breaking as Alex Henery's, even the mild-mannered, soft-spoken, place-kicker/punter couldn't pretend to be unflappable when Chad Wade asked him an interesting question recently.
"Alex," asked Wade, "do you think there has ever been any other player in the history of college football that became a first-team AP All-American who wasn't even voted first-team all-conference by his own league's coaches?"
Henery, whose father (Guy) works in the computer business in Omaha and mother (Mary) is a medical technologist at Creighton, also has an older brother (Eric) who is grad student in Civil Engineering at Carnegie Mellon in Pittsburgh and a younger sister (Andrea) working on her bachelor's degree in Industrial Engineering at Nebraska.
Small wonder that Henery found Wade's question so fascinating he didn't bother to feign disinterest.
"I don't know the answer to that," he told Wade, an assistant on NU's strength and conditioning staff. "But if you really think about it, the odds are probably not very good that it's happened more than once."
Spoken just like the analytical thinker Henery was known for while growing up in Omaha and continues to be now that he's on the verge of becoming the most accurate place-kicker in NCAA history. If all goes according to plan and Henery's powerful leg sustains its collegiate pace of perfection in the NFL, count on one of football's most self-instructional practitioners to evolve into a well defined assembly line of kicks and punts that can light up the scoreboard and keep opponents pinned deep in their own territory.
Osborne: Henery Best Kicker He's Seen
Who knows what the future holds for a professionally trained engineer who was so gangly that Nebraska hall-of-fame coach-turned-athletic director Tom Osborne admitted a couple weeks ago that he never would have guessed Henery was a football player when he first met him, let alone someone who is arguably the greatest kicker in college football history.
Looks, as we all know, can be deceiving, and kicking is about having a powerful leg, veins of ice water and nerves of steel rather than an excitable temperament, wandering thoughts, moments of fear or worst of all, even a shred of personal doubt.
Talk to Osborne, Bo Pelini, John Papuchis or any teammate that sees what Henery does every day in practice besides what he achieves on Saturdays. All will say something like this: If you're looking for the next Adam Vinatieri, with a little bit of Ray Guy sprinkled in for good measure, draft this smart, savvy, competitive, humble Husker as high as humanly possible.
If you do, you can set yourself up for life, or at least a decade or two, which, in pro football, is like life, especially when you consider that the top 25 career scorers in the history of the NFL are all kickers.
Henery believes Oakland's Sebastion Janikowski, a kicker he tries to watch as often as possible, is the only kicker ever drafted in the first round, but our research shows two others - Steve Little and Russell Erxelben. Maybe those last two scared off NFL teams from rolling the dice, but once teams read Henery's resume, they'll understand why he's worth the investment.
Two days before the last game with his college teammates, it's time to climb inside the head of Alex Henery, and see why he was voted a season captain, became the latest Guy Chamberlin Trophy Award winner and Special Teams MVP and is on the threshold of becoming a featured attraction in the NCAA's All-Time Record Book.
Let's try 10 questions, a number that symbolizes one who constantly seeks perfection:
1) Are you aware that Kris Brown, the longtime NFL kicker you passed as Nebraska's career scoring leader, did not make any first-team all-conference honor and that he predicted you would become the school's all-time greatest kicker shortly after you kicked that record 57-yarder against Colorado as a sophomore?
"Kris has been a kicker I have always looked up to, and not just because he was our all-time scoring leader, but because of the way he conducts himself off the field. He and Josh Brown have both had long careers in the NFL. They set the standard around here, and they both put the team ahead of themselves. They've been great role models."
2) John Papuchis says the greatest thing he can do as your kicking coach is make sure that he doesn't interfere with the momentum created by your best kicking coach - you. He also says your calm, cool, calculated demeanor is a big part of what makes you great. What's your take on those two observations?
"My mom was the oldest of eight kids and retired from work when my sister was born, so she could stay at home and spend more time with all three of us. She became our soccer coach. She had no clue how to coach, but went to the library, started reading books about soccer and really learned the game. Through hard work, she became a good coach. She's like my dad...very quiet, but a real perfectionist...our whole family is kind of that way. We don't really like to talk about ourselves, but we don't really doubt ourselves either. Whether you're learning soccer or learning kicking, it's like learning golf. Learn what you're supposed to learn and then just keep practicing so you can keep getting better and more confident. I study kicking, so I almost always know what I'm doing wrong and try to adjust. That's what kicking is - teaching yourself, so you understand what you're doing rather than listen to what others are saying. You have to stay calm to be effective. You have to use your own adrenaline for focus. The more pressure you have, the more adrenaline you get. It can help you if you choose to focus on what you have to get done and the technique required."
3) Can we take a risk here and talk about all the records you're breaking? Do you know that going into the Holiday Bowl against Washington, you are the career NCAA leader in the following categories: 1) Career percentage of PATs and field goals made; 2) career field goal percentage overall with minimum of 45 attempts; 3) with minimum of 55 attempts; 4) 40 yards or more; 5) 40 to 49 yards; 6) 30 to 39 yards; 7) under 40 yards; and 8) most career games with 4+ field goals? People laughed when you told them you thought the 57-yarder at the end of the Colorado game was a good kick, but isn't it your cardinal rule never to let any single kick become bigger than others?
"I've always tried to keep everything pretty simple and never get too high or too low. I keep telling myself I can make it, and everything will work out okay. You can't let your mind wander any more than that or you'll get in trouble. It's the same with awards or records or anything like that. They can't become your goal or your priority. I like the way we practice and compete at Nebraska. Everything is geared to winning and to the team. That always takes precedent over individual accomplishments, and that's the way it should be."
4) Even Tom Osborne confessed that he was hoping you would get a few more chances to kick field goals in the Big 12 Championship Game because he was fairly certain you could have converted just about any kick up to 60 yards. What was your mindset in that game?
"The key for everyone on this team is how close we are and how we stick together, no matter what happens. We all tried our very best to win both of those championship games, and no one ever gave up. We fought through some key injuries in both games and stuck by each other to the very end of both games. That's all we can ask of ourselves - giving our very best from start to finish."
5) Let's address Coach Osborne's comment more directly. When you kicked that 53-yarder at Cowboys Stadium earlier this month, everybody thought it could have been good from at least 60. Could it, and what was the longest field goal you've ever kicked in practice?
"The way it hit the net, I'm estimating it probably would have been good from 60. The longest field goal I've kicked in practice live was 64 yards at the Hawks Championship Center. The longest I've hit inside Memorial Stadium was 60 yards. I think that's happened twice."
6) You've been perfect in post-season games at Nebraska - 6 of 6 on field goals in the Big 12 Championship Games (averaging 43.7 yards per field goal) and 8 of 8 on field goals in the Gator and Holiday Bowls (averaging 39.5 yards per field goal). Two of those games were indoors in Texas and two were outdoors - one in California and one in Florida. What's the psyche up for the post season?
"Part of it is getting some extra rest for your leg and kicking in some ideal conditions. I'm excited about being in San Diego for another bowl game. This is a fun city, and there's a lot to do out there. I have a cousin who's in the military getting married about the same time, so it's all good. We're eager to play."
7) Time to talk about your other role. You were an all-state punter as well as an all-state soccer player in high school. You chose to walk on and compete for the punting job. How did the place-kicking rise above the punting?
"I came here to punt, but I didn't get the job. Dan Titchener and Jake Wesch got the job. I came here the same time Adi (Kunalic) came. We became really close friends and when Jordan Congdon left, the job was wide open. I've always been taught there's no harm in trying to learn something new, so I learned a lot from Adi about kicking and ended up winning the job. He's a great kicker, one of the best. He's a real weapon for us kicking all of those touchbacks on kickoffs. We're still very close and always will be. He's a great friend and a tremendous teammate. I learned how to learn and that helped me get back into punting. I don't feel the pressure to punt, but I prefer kicking over punting now."
8) Coach Osborne believes not only are you the best college kicker he's ever seen, but also the best punter because of your ability to place the ball so often inside the 10-yard line. Even if an NFL team doesn't open up both jobs to a player with your skill sets, Coach Osborne believes you could end up handling the "trick-shot" punts in the pros in addition to the scoring kicks. Any preferences?
"If I needed to punt, I could do it, even though I love kicking more than I do punting because I've worked harder at it and have perfected the technique more and like the nuances of kicking more. Janikowski has the strongest kicking leg I've ever seen, and I like to watch (ex-Husker) Sam Koch punt for the Baltimore Ravens. He's my favorite punter. I've never met Kyle Larson, but he's a good role model, too. To get the bounce you need inside the 10, it has to be intentional. It can't happen by chance. It might be kind of hard to do both in the pros. I think the pressure of doing both might be .... overwhelming."
9) You mentioned a couple of ex-Huskers, so we'll ask you a trivia question. How many punters in the history of Nebraska football have been named first-team All-Americans and who are they?
"I think Kyle Larson is the only one I know."
10) You are correct answering that trick quesion. Last question. How many place-kickers in the history of Nebraska football have been named first-team All-Americans and who are they?
"I'm still trying to get over the shock of being named to the AP first-team, so I'm not quite sure who the others are."
Of Those Blessed, His Name Leads All the Rest
Let the record show that of all the names the top football organizations have blessed, Alex Henery's name leads all the rest. Yes indeed, the one who was spurned by his own conference coaches is Nebraska's one and only first-team All-America place-kicker.
How great is he? Consider this. Right now, Henery is the NCAA career percentage leader for field goals measuring 40 yards or more. He has connected on 26 of 33 attempts from that distance (78.8 percent). In second place is Georgia's Billy Bennett, who has converted 31 of 43 for 72.1 percent.
That means if Henery tries three field goals against Washington and misses all three, he will still finish as the NCAA career field goal percentage leader at the big boy distances.
The gap is even bigger in the 40 to 49-yard category where Henery has hit 22 of his 23 career attempts for 95.5 percent, and second-place Jeff Jaeger of Washington has hit 19 of 23 (82.6 percent).
"It's hard to visualize my picture hanging outside our locker room someday as a first-team All-American," Henery said.
Sorry, Alex. Because your honor is so well deserved, the only thing that would be hard to visualize would be if no NFL team decides to draft you in the first round.
Just make sure whichever team commits to you in whatever round, promise everyone that you won't ever, under any circumstances, elect to fake a punt and run the ball anywhere in the open field.
That option may have worked wonders in Stillwater, but I wouldn't recommend it anywhere else.
Voices from Husker Nation
Alex Henery's 57-yarder against Colorado is my all-time favorite. We had other Nebraska fans over for the game, and everyone in the room was saying it was a mistake to try such a long kick. They thought we should go for the first down. I said if Henery wasn't capable of kicking it that far, Bo Pelini would never let him try. I said we're going to win this game with a record field goal, especially since we're playing Colorado. Thank you, Mr. Henery, for one great memory. Lonnie Irvine, Cheyenne, Wyoming
I loved the story on Alex Henery. He is my all-time favorite player. I saw that 57-yarder from the vantage point of television, and the shock on Bo's face when Alex made it. I also saw Alex running down the field in Stillwater. I was yelling, "Go, Alex, go!", while at the same time saying, "Don't get crunched, Alex, you're not very big!" I also saw the absolute joy on Bo's face when he saw Alex take off. It is so good to read good things about our players instead of reading about DWI's or coaches getting slaughtered about a moment in time. Alex has impressed me because he is quiet and humble, and seems to have a good head on his shoulders. The thing I like most about Alex is that he wants to be remembered as a person and the good things he has done, not just as one heck of a kicker. I wish him the best, and "Go, Alex, go!" Becky Larson, Grand Island, Nebraska
The time has come for all of us to give Alex Henery the ultimate tribute. He is a Husker Legend in every sense of the word. Now that he reigns over our career scoring charts, it's interesting to see the company he is in. The other four among the top five are the two kickers he passed - Kris Brown and Josh Brown - and two Heisman Trophy winners - Eric Crouch and Mike Rozier. Like you, I firmly believe that Alex's stature will rise as the years go by, and we watch him show the NFL the greatness he has worked so hard to achieve. Congratulations Alex. I hope you split the uprights the rest of your life.Steve Thomas, Phoenix, ArizonaIt
It figures that Henery is an engineer because he's a machine on a football field. In the two league championship games and bowl games, he's scored 49 points by himself. Going 12 for 12 is amazing. He not only had kicks of 53, 52 and 50 yards, but field goals from 48, 47, 45, 42, 42 and 41 during that streak. Wow! It was interesting to read why his mind is every bit as sharp as his leg. Thanks for writing the best story I've seen on our team's most valuable player, hands down. Steve Green, Denver, Colorado
That was great stuff on Alex. It made me think about the 10 most memorable kicking plays of all time for or against Nebraska. Here are mine (topped, of course, by Alex): 1. Alex Henery vs. Colorado, 2008. A 57-yard field goal gives NU a 33-31 lead with 1:37 remaining. 2. Tom Goedjen of Iowa State, 1972. Goedjen missed an extra point with 23 seconds left in the game that would have given ISU a victory over #2 Nebraska. The game ended in a 23-23 tie. 3. Josh Brown vs. Colorado, 2000. A 29-yard field goal on the final play of the game gives NU a 34-32 win. 4. Efren Herrera of UCLA, 1972. Herrera kicked a 30-yard field goal with 22 seconds remaining in the game to give UCLA a 20-17 win and snap Nebraska's 32-game unbeaten streak. 5. 1994 Orange Bowl. Byron Bennett misses a 45-yard field goal attempt on the final play of the game that would have given Nebraska a one-point win over Florida State and the national championship. 6. Ryan Bailey of Texas, 2006. His 22-yard field goal with 23 seconds remaining lifted the #5 Longhorns to a 22-20 victory over Nebraska. 7. Byron Bennett vs. Colorado, 1991. Bennett had a second-quarter PAT blocked, and the Buffs returned it 85 yards for two points that ultimately allowed CU to tie NU, 19-19. 8. Billy Todd lines up to kick and ... it's a fake field goal vs. #3 Alabama in 1977, and Randy Garcia tosses a 7-yard TD pass to Rick Berns to give NU a 10-7 first quarter lead. NU won the game, 31-24 - 'Bama's only loss that season in a national runner-up finish. 9. During a tight 7-3 NU victory over Oklahoma State in 1974, the Cowboys have Nebraska pinned deep, and NU's Randy Lessman uncorks a 68-yard punt. It draws a "Man, Woman, and Child" from Lyell Bremser.10. Rich Sanger vs. Oregon, 1971. As a 7th grader, I firmly believed that no one could replace Paul Rogers. Sanger's first-ever PAT attempt was good, and my NU kicking worries - manufactured by adolescence - were over. Okay, one more: Any of Dale Klein's seven field goals against Missouri when he wrote his name into the NCAA record book, just like Alex Henery has done. Kevin Horn, Alliance, Nebraska
I was so glad to run into your column online and see your great article on Alex. J Marshall Stewart, Las Vegas, Nevada
I keep track of your stats on Huskers.com, and I know everyone looks at the field goals and the punting, but I find it amazing that Alex has made 192 of his 193 extra point attempts. That's 99.5 percent. I find it equally incredible that only two of his eight career missed field goal attempts have come from inside the 50. We call him Amazing Alex out here because unlike California kickers, he isn't exactly always kicking in the sunshine. Dick Stevens, Thousand Oaks, California
I'm going to miss the practical way Alex Henery answers questions. I'm going to miss Alex Henery period. You'll never find a better kicker in all of College Football. Nor will you find a more humble one. I watch his 57-yard field goal all the time on YouTube, and I get excited every time I watch. And when I saw it happening right before my eyes on November 28th, 2008, I couldn't help but stand amazed and in awe at what he had just done. My brother kept telling me we were going to lose that game. I have kept that kick in his face ever since. I'm so glad Alex Henery decided to become a Husker!! It has served us and him well. We would never have won that game against Colorado if it hadn't been for him. Thanks for being a Husker Alex!!! I'm REALLY going to miss you. GO BIG RED!!! Susanna Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska


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Showing 1,306 contests (Finished)
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Performing Death: Social Analyses Of Funerary Traditions In The Ancient Mediterranean
Organized by Nicola Laneri
The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
February 17–18, 2006
1155 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL
Final program
Friday 17th February 2006
9:00–9:15 Opening by the Director of the Oriental Institute (Gil Stein)
9:15–9:30 Introduction (Nicola Laneri—University of Chicago)
Session 1—A Powerful Death: Exercising Authority Through the Enactment of Funerary Rituals
Chair: Jonathan Hall (University of Chicago)
Ellen Morris—Columbia University
Human Sacrifice, Pageantry, and Power in at the Dawn of the Egyptian State
Glenn Schwartz—Johns Hopkins University
Ideology and Memory in a Third Millennium BC Royal Cemetery at Umm el-Marra, Syria
10:10–10:30 Bob Chapman—University of Reading, UK
Mortuary rituals, authority and identity in Early Bronze Age Southeast Spain
10:30–11:00 Coffee break
Massimo Cultraro—Ist. per i Beni Archeologici–CNR, Catania, Italy
Combined Efforts till Death. Funerary Ritual and Social Statements in the Aegean Early Bronze Age
Meredith Chesson—Notre Dame University
Early Bronze Age Mortuary Practices, Identity and Social Complexity on the southeastern Dead Sea Plain, Jordan
Alessandro Naso—University of Molise, Italy
Etruscan Style of Dying. Funerary Architecture, Tomb Groups and Social Range at Caere (Cerveteri) and His Territory in the 7th–6th Centuries BC.
Michael Dietler—University of Chicago
A Relational Approach to Funerary Ritual and Colonial Encounters in Mediterranean Gaul: Performance, Persona, Politics, and Space-Time Comparison
12:20–12:40 Respondent Adam Smith (University of Chicago)
12:40–1:00 Discussion
1:00–2:00 Lunch break
Session 2: Memoralizing the ancestors: Death as form of cultural and social transmission
Chair: Theo van den Hout (University of Chicago)
Stephen Harvey—University of Chicago
Visiting The House on Earth: The Ancient Egyptian Domestic Nexus Between This World and the Next
Dina Katz—NINO, Leiden University, Holland
Funerary Ritual in Context
Seth Richardson—University of Chicago
Death and Dismemberment in Mesopotamia: Social Discorporation between the Body and Body Politic
3:00–3:20 Coffee Break
Susan Pollock—Binghamton University
Death of a Household
Ian Rutherford—Florida State University
Achilles and the Sallis Wastais-Ritual: Performing Death in Greece and Anatolia
Anthony Tuck—Tufts University
Burial Practices of Emerging Communities in Early Central Italy
John Pollini—University of Southern California – Ritualizing Death in Republican Rome: Religion, Portraiture, Class Struggle, and the Origin of the Aristocratic Wax Funerary Mask Tradition
4:40–5:00 Respondent Emily Teeter (University of Chicago)
5:00–5:20 Discussion
Saturday Feb 18th February 2006
Session 3: Archaeology of Funerary Rituals: A Theoretical Approach Chair: David Schloen (University of Chicago)
John Robb—University of Cambridge, UK
Burial Practices in Mediterranean Prehistory: Processualism, Post-processualism, and Post-post-processualism
10:20–10:40 James Brown—Northwestern University
1966–2006: Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices in the Third Millennium AD
Maurice Bloch—The London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
Conclusive Remarks: A Socio-anthropological Perspective
11:00–12:00 Discussion


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FRESNO, Calif. (KFSN) --Fresno police are searching for three shooting suspects Sunday night.
They say a male victim was shot twice in the upper body at Chance and Butler Streets just after 6 p.m.
He was the driver of a car with two passengers. Investigators learned that three young men walked up to the car and fired about six shots before running to a nearby apartment complex.
The victim was taken to Community Regional Medical Center and is expected to survive.
Detectives are following up on leads to identify the suspects.


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Say you need a knee replacement. Wouldn't it be nice if you could easily shop around, just like when you buy a dishwasher or lawnmower or cut of beef?
Just about everyone, conservative or liberal, agrees we'd have a better health care system if you could. And that it's ridiculous you can't.
But it's getting better. A growing array of sources attempt to provide information about the cost and quality of health care
Here are some resources:
One of the most robust sources is Medicare, the federal health care program for seniors. This site provides information about subjects including patient satisfaction and unexpected death and readmission rates. And the selection of information is getting steadily bigger. One nice feature that it allows side-by-side comparisons of hospitals.
Another good source regarding things as unexpected death and readmission rates is the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council. The PHC4 is an independent Pennsylvania agency. Its reports focus on subjects including death and readmission rates at Pennsylvania heart centers, including data related to the performance of individual surgeons; and on outcomes related to a selection of common surgeries at each Pennsylvania hospital.
Here is a database created by PennLive and based on data from the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council.
Other sources of quality-related hospital information are U.S. News and World Report, which publishes rankings of U.S. hospitals, and the Leapfrog Group, which rates hospitals according to assorted measures and grades them on safety.
Information about prices of treatments and surgeries remains limited, although it's slowly improving.
The Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council provides information about what Medicare pays hospitals and outpatient surgery centers for 78 common treatments and procedures, such as chest x-rays, echocardiogram and gall bladder removal.
The federal government recently revealed what Medicare pays every hospital in the United States for 100 different treatments, such as heart attack care, pneumonia care and joint replacement. The Washington Post created a tool that makes it easy to check the charges at individual hospitals. Still, hospital charges are a confounding thing. People with health insurance normally pay an amount negotiated by their insurer. But people with no insurance, or who are outside their insurer's network can be billed the full charge, although experts say there's room for negotiation.
More coverage:


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YAPC/TPC Slides
I worked this weekend on my slides for YAPC/TPC (I am giving the same talk at both :-). I cleanup my "makeslides" program, which takes one file of input and creates the slides. It creates valid XHTML and uses CSS for prettiness. The slides are almost done, maybe finish today, need to be done by Friday for TPC.


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This past week, Miloslav Mecir clearly earned the nickname "Sleeper" in the EBEL U.S. Pro Indoor Tennis tournament.
Always looking as though he was about to doze off, the 20-year-old from Czechoslovakia came from nowhere to knock off some of the best players in the world - including second-seeded Jimmy Connors in the semifinals. But yesterday afternoon at the Spectrum, the "Sleeper" woke up one match before a dream of a lifetime was completed.


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On to the outfit… remember earlier this week when I was bragging about these sweaters that are the comfiest, softest sweaters in the world? This grey one came in a few days ago and I'm in love! You can't even understand how soft it is until you put it on, haha. For this look I kept it really casual with a beanie, booties and my new favorite scarf (which is on sale right now!).
Speaking of sales… there are actually some really great After-Christmas Sales going on right now. I got a Nordstrom gift card from my grandparents for Christmas… so I'll be doing a little online shopping today (woohoo). Here's a roundup of the best sales going on today in case you have gift cards to spend!
TORY BURCH // Extra 25% off all sale items with code NEWYEAR


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by Barry Basden
Lately he wanted to write about love, its joys and desperation, emotions real enough to make readers wince. At dinner he tried explaining this to his wife, but suddenly she leaned forward. "I prefer my honesty one on one. You write because it's safer." Tears welled in her eyes. "Yes," he said carefully, "lots safer."
Barry Basden lives in Texas. He is coauthor of "Crack! and Thump: With a Combat Infantry Officer in World War II."


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As of 2015, some good places to buy tractor supplies include Tractor Supply Company and John Deere. Other tractor supply companies include Fleet Farm and Anderson Tractor Supply.
Tractor Supply Company is the largest rural lifestyle retail chain in the United States, with over 1,400 retail stores in 49 states. It carries an extensive inventory of tractor parts and accessories, including cooling systems, exhaust and intake systems, clutches, fuel system assemblies, and starters.
John Deere is a manufacturer of farm and agricultural equipment, such as tractors, combines and mowers. Additionally, the company sells a complete line of parts and supplies including batteries, drivetrain parts, filters, radiators and water pumps.


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This letter is sent on behalf of the undersigned groups. For more information contact Lorette Picciano, Rural Coalition at firstname.lastname@example.com or 202-628-7160; Katherine Ozer, National Family Farm Coalition at email@example.com or 202-543-5675 and Ferd Hoefner, National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition at email@example.com, 202-547-5754.The Honorable Debbie Stabenow Chairwoman Senate Agriculture Committee The Honorable Thad Cochran Ranking Member Senate Agriculture Committee The Honorable Frank Lucas Chairman House Agriculture Committee The Honorable Collin Peterson Ranking Member House Agriculture Committee
May 13, 2013
Dear Chairs and Ranking Members,
As Congress continues its work on a new farm bill, we write to express our support for the Agriculture Committee efforts to complete a full and fair 2013 Farm Bill that will increase economic opportunity for the nation's diverse family farmers, farmworkers, rural and urban communities and Indian Tribes; protect the environment; and ensure proper nutrition for all families and communities.
We, the undersigned organizations, all have recommendations for the farm bill that extend well beyond the specific issues in this letter, but we focus here on specific equity considerations. We support a full and fair package that balances any reductions across all areas of the Farm Bill, mitigates disasters especially for the most vulnerable producers, protects natural resources, enhances equity and inclusion, constructs a new and economically viable future for agriculture and rural communities, and assures healthy food for all consumers.
For years we have struggled to achieve a fair share of federal farm spending for all the communities we serve. Working with you in the 2002 and 2008 Farm Bills, we have made significant strides forward to allocate a small but growing portion of overall US farm and food policy to enhance equity for our nation's diverse producers and farmworkers, secure a future in agriculture for new entry farmers and rural, urban and tribal communities, and provide fresh, local food for all consumers. Unfortunately, the farm bill extension we are currently operating under has shut down many of these very programs, setting back the modest progress achieved earlier.
We urge you to provide long-term protection and continued funding to this critical subset of small programs and offices charged with serving the most chronically underserved segments of agriculture. These represent a fraction of the full agriculture budget but are the lifeblood of a sustainable agriculture, rural development and food policy, including Indian Tribes, socially disadvantaged, beginning, and veteran producers, and farmworkers.
As you continue to shape your policy and budget proposals, we urge you to assure strong farm bill mandatory funding support at no less than $20 million a year each for the Outreach and Assistance for Socially Disadvantaged and Veteran Farmers and Ranchers Program, Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program, and Value-Added Producer Grants, as well as at least $4 million a year for Rural Microentrepreneur Assistance Program.
A fairer farm bill would also provide appropriate waiver, premium reduction, targeting, and advanced payment provisions for beginning, limited resource and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers within the farm bill conservation, credit, crop insurance, NAP, specialty crop, and rural development programs. In this light, we urge you to include all of the provisions of the Beginning Farmer and Rancher Opportunity Act and the 2013 Farm Bill Equity and Access Priorities Package in the new five-year farm bill (summaries attached; noting that a number of priorities are included in both packages).
As you proceed with your farm policy deliberations, we urge you to make all funding and policy recommendations relative to farm bill programs with an eye toward the future, a concern for the next generations of our nation's farmers and ranchers and healthy and nutritious for food for all, and great care to being inclusive of women, minority, tribal and limited resource farmers, farmworkers and rural and urban communities who are oftentimes in most need of these important programs.
African American Farmers of California, Fresno, CA
Agricultural Missions, Inc (AMI), New York, NY
Alabama State Association of Cooperatives, Forkland, AL
Alianza Nacional de Campesinas, Oxnard, CA
American Federation of Government Employees, Local 3354, St. Louis, MO
American Raw Milk Producers Pricing Association (ARMPPA), Kendall, WI
Arkansas Land and Farm Development Corporation, Brinkley, AK
Ashtabula, Geauga, Lake Counties Farmers Union, Windsor, OH
Atrisco Grant-Merced, Albuquerque, NM
BioRegional Strategies, Albuquerque, NM
California Climate and Agriculture Network, Sacramento, CA
California FarmLink, Sacramento, CA
Cape Cod Community Supported Fishery, Chatham, MA
Carolina Farm Stewardship Association, Pittsboro, NC
Cedarville Band of the Piscataway Indians, Inc., Waldorf, MD
Center for Rural Affairs, Lyons, NE
Center for Social Ecology and Public Policy, Honolulu, HI
Center for Social Inclusion, New York, NY
Center for Social Sustainable Systems (CeSoSS), Albuquerque, NM
Colorado Hispanic Ranchers & Farmers, Antonito, CO
Community Alliance for Global Justice, Seattle, WA
Community Food and Justice Coalition, Oakland, CA
Community Servings, Boston, MA
Connections Unlimited, LLC, Yachats, OR
Cultivating Community, Portland, ME
Dakota Rural Action, Brooking, SD
Dixon Farmers Market, Dixon, NM
Dockery Group, LLC, Elm City, NC
Ecological Farming Association, Soquel, CA
Equal Exchange, West Bridgewater, MA
Family Farm Defenders, Madison, WI
Farm Aid, Cambridge, MA
Farm Fresh Rhode Island, Providence, RI
Farm to Table, Santa Fe, NM
Farms Not Arms, Petaluma, CA
Farms to Grow, Oakland, CA
Farmworker Association of Florida, Apopka, FL
Federation of Southern Cooperatives, Epes, AL
Federation of Southern Cooperatives/Land Assistance Fund, East Point, GA
Food & Water Watch, Washington, DC
Food Chain Workers Alliance, Los Angeles, CA
Food First, Oakland, CA
Foodshed Alliance, Blairstown, NJ
Franciscan Fraternity Espiritu Santo, Albuquerque, NM
Grassroots International, Boston, MA
Healthy Farms Healthy People Coalition, Washington, DC
Hmong National Development, Inc., Washington, DC
Hunger Action Network of New York State, New York, NY
Illinois Stewardship Alliance, Springfield, IL
Indian Country Agriculture and Resource Development Corporation (ICARD),
Anadarko, OK
Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, Minneapolis, MN
Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Baltimore, MD
Kentucky Resources Council, Inc., Frankfort, KY
La Minga Cooperative Farm, Prospect, KY
La Plazita Farm, Albuquerque, NM
La Semilla Food Center, Anthony, NM
Land Stewardship Project, Minneapolis, MN
League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC), Hereford, TX
Lideres Campesinas, Oxnard, CA
Live Real, Oakland, CA
Local Food Hub, Charlottesville, VA
Los Jardines Institute (The Gardens Institute), Albuquerque, NM
Maine Rural Partners, Orono, ME
Matthews Family Farm, Eighty-Four, PA
Michigan Coalition of Black Farmers, Detroit, MI
Michigan Food & Farming Systems (MIFFS), East Lansing, MI
Mississippi Association of Cooperatives, Jackson, MS
National Council of La Raza, Washington, DC
National Family Farm Coalition, Washington, DC
National Hmong American Farmers, Inc., Fresno, CA
National Immigrant Farming Initiative, Washington, DC
National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition, Washington, DC
National Women In Agriculture Association, Oklahoma City, OK
Nebraska Sustainable Agriculture Society, Ceresco, NE
New Entry Sustainable Farming Project, Lowell, MA
New Mexico Acequia Association, Santa Fe, NM
New Mexico Food and Agriculture Policy Council, Santa Fe, NM
North Carolina Association of Black Lawyers Land Loss Prevention Project, Durham,
Northeast Organic Dairy Producers Alliance, Deerfield, MA
Northeast Organic Farming Association- Interstate Council, Stevenson, CT
Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Working Group (NESAWG), New Paltz, NY
Northern New Mexico Stockmens Association, Espanola, NM
Northwest Atlantic Marine Alliance, Gloucester, MA
Northwest Center for Alternatives to Pesticides, Eugene, OR
Northwest Farm Bill Action Group, Seattle, WA
Northwest Forest Worker Center, Albany, CA
Ohio Ecological Food and Farm Association, Columbus, OH
Oklahoma Black Historical Research Project Inc., Oklahoma City, OK
Panola Land Buyers Association Housing Development Corporation, Eutaw, AL
Pennsylvania Association for Sustainable Agriculture, Millheim, PA
Pesticide Action Network, Oakland, CA
Positive Action Now, Inc., Richmond, VA
Presbyterian Church (USA), Washington, DC
Progressive Agriculture Organization, LaFargeville, NY
Pululu Farm, Arroyo Seco, NM
Root 'N Roost Farm, Livingston Manor, NY
Rural Advancement Foundation International-USA (RAFI-USA), Pittsboro, NC
Rural Advancement Fund, Orangeburg, SC
Rural American Network, Estancia, NM
Rural Coalition/Coalición Rural, Washington, DC
Rural Vermont, Montpelier, AL
School Food FOCUS National Office, New York, NY
Shoreline Study Center, Carlsbad, CA
Silas H Hunt CDC, Texarkana, AR
Slow Food USA, Brooklyn, NY
South Valley Economic Development Center, Atrisco, NM
South Valley Regional Association of Acequias (SVRAA), Albuquerque, NM
Southern Sustainable Agriculture Working Group (SAWG), Fayetteville, AR
Sustainable Farming Association, Princeton, MN
Taos County Economic Development Corporation, Taos, NM
The Border Agricultural Workers Project, El Paso , TX
The Cornucopia Institute, Cornucopia, WI
The Eye of Heru Study Group, Detroit, MI
The Second Chance Foundation, New York, NY
Tilth Producers of Washington, Seattle, WA
Torrez Farm, Arroyo Seco, NM
United Farmers USA, Manning, SC
Valencia County Older American Program, Belen, NM
Verley Family, LLC, Annandale, VA
Vian Peace Center, Vian, OK
Virginia Association for Biological Farming, Lexington, VA
Washington Sustainable Food & Farming Network, Mount Vernon, WA
WhyHunger, New York, NY
Winston County Self Help Cooperative, Louisville, MS
World Farmers, Inc., Lancaster, MA
Youngsville Livestock Association, Espanola, NM
2013 Farm Bill Equity and Access Priorities Package
Beginning Farmer and Rancher Opportunity Act Summary
This letter was prepared and circulated by the signatories who regularly participate in the "Getting Our Act Together (GOAT) on the Farm Bill" Collaboration, which promotes a fair farm bill with equity and sustainability.
2013 Farm Bill Equity and Access Priorities Package
The 2013 Farm Bill Equity and Access Priorities Package will promote balanced rural development and job opportunities in all rural communities across the nation and will expand opportunities for the nation's diverse producers, including socially disadvantaged and veteran farmers and ranchers.
• Disadvantaged Producer Training – The Outreach and Assistance Program for Socially Disadvantaged Farmers and Ranchers and Veteran Farmers and Rancher (also known as the 2501 Program) is a historic program that provides competitive grants to educational institutions, Extension, and community-based organizations to assist African-American, American-Indian, Asian- American and Latino farmers and ranchers in owning and operating farms and participating in USDA programs. Language to expand program eligibility requirements to include veteran farmers and ranchers as approved in both the House and Senate in 2012 should be including and adequate funding of not less than $20 million per year included in order to serve both the traditional and new producers now eligible for the program.
• Establishment of a USDA Office of Tribal Relations – Language to permanently establish an Office of Tribal Relations within the Office of the Secretary of Agriculture, as included in 2012 versions of the Farm Bill, will ensure Tribal Consultation and Tribal Access to USDA programs and spurring job creation and economic development in rural communities across America.
• Expansion of the Substantially Underserved Trust Area Initiative with USDA Rural Development – Retaining the 2012 language to expand the Substantially Underserved Trust Area (SUTA) Initiative in USDA Rural Development Rural Utilities Service to all programs under Rural Development would improve access to family housing and community facilities financing and business and economic development funding, and provide RD with added flexibility to invest in individuals, businesses, and organizations developing private sector jobs and local economies in rural trust land communities.
• Expansion of the Highly Fractionated Land Loan Program – Legislative changes are necessary to make the Farm Service Agency (FSA) Highly Fractionated Land Loan Program practicable. Today, many land parcels on Indian lands have multiple owners – due to the historical lack of legal services and estate administration, residual owners can range into the hundreds or thousands of owners – resulting in situations which make it virtually impossible for such land to be economically viable. As ownership of tribal land passes from one generation to another, the owners' ability to derive economic benefits from the land decreases as fractionation increases. Language included in 2012 would ensure implementation of the Highly Fractionated Land Loan Program within the Farm Service Agency by disconnecting that program from Bureau of Indian Affairs processes, to spur productive land use and job-creating development in Indian Country.
• Crop Insurance for Socially Disadvantaged Producers – Crop insurance is the center of the new farm safety net, but current programs do not work well for small scale producers of multiple fresh crops, or for organic producers. It is a priority to assure that socially disadvantaged producers as well as beginning and limited resource farmers and ranchers all receive the same premium waivers. Also necessary is an expansion of authority for the USDA's Risk Management Agency to develop flexible new insurance products that better serve diverse producers of multiple fresh products on small-scale operations.
• Non Insured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP) – Many small scale producers find the cost of NAP coverage for noninsurable crops prohibitive for small scale diverse operations (the cost for 1-3 commodities is the same for a 5 acre farm as for a much larger farm). As such, their income remains at great risk in times of natural disasters. Disaster coverage should be increased by expanding the current NAP premium waiver for Limited Resource Farmers and Ranchers to Socially Disadvantaged and Beginning Farmers and Ranchers.
• Improving the Farm Labor Workforce – The farm labor force faces a growing number of obstacles in obtaining training and services in methodology, technology, and environmental concerns. Previous statutory and funding authority of 10 million annually in authorizations for Grants to Improve the Agricultural Labor Workforce Program to provide training and other services to Farmworkers should be continued.
• USDA Coordination Activities for Socially Disadvantaged, Beginning and Veteran Farmers and Ranchers – Statutory and funding authority of $2 million annually to continue the work of the Office of Advocacy and Outreach to coordinate activities within the department to advance participation of socially disadvantaged, beginning, veteran and other small farmers and ranchers and farmworkers in the programs of the department should be continued and a USDA Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison Position charged with facilitating the process of educating returning veterans about and connecting them with training and/or agriculture vocational and rehabilitation programs should be added.
• Resource and Marketing Management Coordination – Additional authority would help producers improve resource management by allowing FSA, NRCS and FS to provide funding for loans, projects and practices serving socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers that require the participation of multiple farmers and ranchers to be successful directly to entities directly managed and governed by farmers and ranchers who meet the definition of socially disadvantaged, including cooperatives, acequias and land grants (include definitions). A waiver of restrictions on the funding of governmental units should be provided for entities which meet the above definitions and which do not have independent tax collection authority.
• Strengthen Farm Service Agency Micro Loan and Youth Loan Program Authority – Term limits should be waived for youth loans and for socially disadvantaged, beginning and veteran farmers and ranchers in direct loans, including the new micro loan program. Authority should also be provided to expand eligibility for youth loans to youth in urban areas.
• Receipt for Service – Authority should be added to require the issuance of a written receipt for service or denial of service to any current or prospective participant programs serving farmers and ranchers as operated by the Farm Service Agency, the Natural Resources and Conservation Service and any other program directly serving producers.
• Conservation and Forestry Access – The following policies would expand conservation and forestry access including:
• Continue and expand the existing set asides for socially disadvantaged and beginning farmers and ranchers in the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP) from 5 percent to 10 percent of the total EQIP funds and to 10 percent of total CSP acres and extends these set asides to all conservation and forestry programs serving farmers and ranchers.
• Expand the existing EQIP increased cost shares for SDFR and BFR to all Conservation and Forestry Programs serving farmers and ranchers which include a cost share, including community forestry and the Forest Stewardship Program.
• Extends and expands the advance payment authority for socially disadvantaged and beginning farmers from 30% to 50% in all conservation and forestry programs with cost shares.
• Add protection of the land of owned and operated by socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers as a purpose for the use of Farm and Ranch Land Protection funds and to authorizes payment of up to 90 percent of the value of development rights in areas with high loss of land owned by socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers.
• Add a 10% set aside for BFRs and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers in the Conservation Innovation Grant subprogram. • Whole Farm Conservation and Forestry Planning: Farm bill authority for special incentives for beginning, limited resource, and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers should be continued and authority added that Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) and the Forest Service to provide these farmers and ranchers with technical and financial assistance (through EQIP, CSP, Conservation Technical Assistance or other programs) to develop whole farm resource management system plans.
• Treatment of Farms With Limited Base Acres – The Farm Bill 2008 exemption for limited resource, beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers from the base-acreage minimum should be extended for producers receiving any direct, counter-cyclical, or average crop revenue election payments provided in the 2013 Farm Bill.
• Enhanced Access to Beginning Farmers and Ranchers Development Program – Previous setasides for projects serving socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers in the BFRDP should be continued and the matching requirements for these projects reduced to 10%.
• Enhanced Opportunities in Value-Added Producer Grants – Priority for Value-Added Producer grant projects benefitting beginning farmers and ranchers should be expanded include socially disadvantaged and veteran farmers and ranchers, as well as the set-aside of program funding for these projects, and the match requirement reduced to 10% for projects benefitting socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers.
• Rural Cooperative Development Access – Set-asides for projects serving socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers should be continued.
• Assistance with Transitioning to Bioenergy Crops – Access to the Biomass Crop Assistance Program should be expanded by adding programs serving more than 51% beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers as a selection criteria for projects.
• Access to Rural Energy for America Program – Matching requirements for project serving tribes and socially disadvantaged farmers, ranchers and communities in the REAP program should be reduced to 10% for Feasibility Studies and for Projects and an annual report required on amount and percentage of funds provided to these groups in each program.
• Report on Specialty Crop Production by Certain Farmers – Language should be included as passed in the House 2012 Committee bill to require USDA to conduct a study on specialty crop production by small, women, socially disadvantaged and veteran farmers and ranchers, who are significantly represented in specialty crop production. This provision would also require USDA to assess the public and private sector tools available to help expand, improve, and add value to the agricultural operations of these producers which are also an important source of varieties of products for preferred by expanding markets of growing diverse cultures. Data is a critical first step in bolstering production for these sectors of agriculture.
• Specialty Crop Block Grants – The requirement in the conference report in the 2008 farm bill that requires states to stipulate a plan for reaching and meeting the needs of small-scale, women, socially disadvantaged and veteran farmers and ranchers, who are significantly represented in specialty crop production, in their applications for Specialty Crop Block Grants should be continued.
• Emergency Disaster Relief Program for Farmworkers– The current program authority for emergency disaster relieve for farmworkers should be expanded to add a $2 million replenishable standing disaster fund and authority provided to the Secretary to require Farm Service Agency to assess conditions among farmworkers when assessing any disaster and to address the needs of farmworkers in any disaster declaration or response.
Beginning Farmer and Rancher Opportunity Act of 2013
Sponsored by Representative Tim Walz and Senator Tom Harkin
Section by Section Summary
Title I — Conservation
(Title III of the Farm Bill)
Sections 101, 102 & 131 — Conservation Reserve Program Transition Incentive Program (CRP-TIP) – Amend Sections 1231 and 1235 of the Food Security Act to to reauthorize CRP-TIP through 2018 and provide $50 million in mandatory funding over the life of the farm bill. Additionally, include provisions to strengthen the conservation language, create a comprehensive conservation plan option, create an easement option through the Grassland Reserve Program or the Farm and Ranch Land Protection Program, and allow transition between family members who meet the eligibility criteria but only in the case of land sales to the younger generation
Section 111 — Farm and Ranchland Protection Program (FRPP) – Amend Section 1238I of the Food Security Act of 1985 to make preserving farm viability for future generations a part of the purpose of the program, and to give funding priority to easements with an option to purchase at the agricultural use value, to deals that transfer the land to beginning and farmers and ranchers, to applicants with detailed farm succession plans, and other similar mechanisms to maintain the affordability of protected farm and ranch land, keep it as working land, and foster new farming opportunities.
Sections 121 & 132 — Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) – Amend Sections 1240B of the Food Security Act of 1985 to continue the existing cost share differential for beginning, limited resource, and socially disadvantaged producers within EQIP), and reaffirm the advance payment option allowing beginning and socially
disadvantaged producers to receive an advance payment for the project's costs for purchasing materials or contracting services, but increase the limit on the advance payment from 30 percent to 50 percent of costs. Also, increase the rate at which USDA can provide conservation technical assistance to beginning farmers, and include a
priority on beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers within the Conservation Innovation Grants subprogram.
Section 133 — Whole Farm Conservation Planning – Amend Sections 1244(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 to strengthen special incentives to beginning farmers and ranchers and limited resource producers to participate in federal agricultural conservation programs by authorizing NRCS to provide these farmers and ranchers with technical and financial assistance through EQIP, CSP, or other programs to develop whole farm resource management system plans.
Title II — Credit
(Title V of the Farm Bill)
Sections 201 & 203 — Direct Farm Ownership Experience Requirement – Amend Section 302(b)(1) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to provide the Secretary with greater discretion in determining the number of years of farm management experience required for "qualified beginning farmers and ranchers" to be eligible for direct farm ownership loans. Also raise the cap on these loans by indexing the loan cap to farmland inflation rates.
Section 202 — Conservation Loans – Amend Section 304 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to raise the guarantee amount under USDA Conservation Loans from 75 to 90 percent, create a 50 percent target participation rate for beginning farmers and ranchers similar to the targets for other loan programs, and delete the existing provision that waives the family farm eligibility requirement which is required for all other FSA loan programs.
Section 205 — Down Payment Loan Limits – Amend Section 310E(b)(1)(C) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to increase the limit on the size of the land value that can be FSA-financed from $500,000 to $677,000, consistent with other FSA direct loan programs.
Section 211 — Microloan Authorization – Amend Section 313 of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to create a new simplified loan category within USDA's direct operating loan portfolio to provide flexible capital through microloans (not to exceed a balance of $35,000) that shall be available to any eligible borrower, but
will have special incentives for young, beginning and veteran farmers, including a lower interest rate and exempting microloans to these borrowers from counting towards their loan history term limits. Also establish a cooperative lending program to allow USDA-selected intermediaries to make microloans to eligible borrowers.
Section 221 — Beginning Farmer and Rancher Individual Development Accounts Pilot Program – Amend Section 333B of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to reauthorize this matched savings program per the 2008 Farm Bill but with $5 million per year in mandatory funding to jump start the program. IDAs will be administered by the Farm Service Agency (FSA) through pilot programs in at least 15 states.
Section 222 — Graduation to Commercial Credit – Amend Sections 311(c) and 319of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to modify the FSA loan term limits provisions to not more than 15 consecutive years for guaranteed loans and not more than 9 consecutive years for direct loans.
Sections 204 & 223 — Priority for Participation Loans – Amend Section 346(b)(2)(A) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to give priority within direct farm ownership loans to joint financing participation loans and down payment loans that involve private lenders. Also, decrease the unreasonably high minimum interest rates on these loans to make them more relevant in the current low-interest rate climate.
Section 206 — Limited Resource Interest Rate – Amend Section 316(a)(2) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to adjust the minimum interest rate on direct loans to low-income borrowers so that it reflects the current low-interest rate climate.
Section 207 — Definition of Qualified Beginning Farmer – Amend Section 343(a)(11)(F) of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act to modify the definition of "qualified beginning farmer and ranchers" so that the average, not median, farm size is used to determine FSA loan eligibility.
Title III — Rural Development
(Title VI of the Farm Bill)
Section 301 — Value-Added Producer Grants – Amend Section 231 of the Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000 to retain the priority and set-aside for projects benefitting beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers, but clarify the language to make both individual farmer grants and farm business and coop grants practical and effective. Direct USDA to develop an outreach and technical assistance strategy to reach underserved states and regions. Renew mandatory farm bill funding at $20 million a year.
Title IV — Research, Extension, and Related Matters
(Title VII of the Farm Bill)
Section 401 — Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program – Amend Section 7405(c) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 to reauthorize this highly successful flagship training program through 2018 and provide with $20 million per year in mandatory funding. Also, include a new priority on agricultural rehabilitation and vocational training programs for military veterans, and food safety training. Include a 10 percent cooperative agreement alternative to higher negotiated administrative reimbursement rates.
Section 402 — Beginning Farmer and Rancher Research Priority – Amend Section 2(b) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Act of 1965 to include a new program area to support research, education, and extension projects related to beginning, socially-disadvantaged and immigrant farmers and ranchers, farm transition and entry, new marketing and farm viability alternatives, and related issues. Also clarify the authorizing legislation to ensure that all AFRI programs (including integrated) are fully competitive and open to all eligible entities.
Title V — Crop Insurance
(Title XI of the Farm Bill)
Section 501 — Risk Management Partnership Programs – Amend Section 522 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act to add a strong emphasis on beginning and socially disadvantaged farmers and ranchers within this partnership grant program that funds projects to inform farmers about crop insurance products and broader risk management topics.
Title VI — Miscellaneous
(Title XIV of the Farm Bill)
Section 601 — Military Veterans Agricultural Liaison – Add a new section in Subtitle A of the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 to create a new Veterans Agricultural Liaison position at USDA charged with facilitating the process of educating returning veterans about and connecting them with beginning farmer and rancher training and agriculture vocational and rehabilitation programs.


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text:
Transcript of Press Conference, 7 April 2014
Angus Houston: First of all, I'd like to start by introducing again Commodore Peter Leavy, the Commander of the military Task Force that's doing all the great search work out at sea. Bob Armstrong from the ATSB and Mike Barton from AMSA. Over on the left, we also have our subject matter expert on underwater salvage and rescue, and that's Captain Matthews from the US Navy. He will be available for one-on-one interviews at the end of the press conference.
Well, Good Afternoon. Yesterday, I outlined a number of leads we were pursuing in relation to the search of the missing Malaysian Airlines flight MH370. Namely, the electronic pulse signals detected by the Chinese ship, Haixun 01, and an acoustic noise being pursued by the Australian Defence Vessel, Ocean Shield, in her current location. I stated that the Ocean Shield would be delayed from going to the approximate area where the Haixun 01 had detected the signals while she continued her own investigations.
Today, I can report some very encouraging information which has unfolded over the last 24 hours. The Towed Pinger Locator deployed from the Australian Defence Vessel, Ocean Shield, has detected signals consistent with those emitted by aircraft black boxes.
Two separate signal detections have occurred within the northern part of the defined search area. The first detection was held for approximately 2 hours and 20 minutes. The ship then lost contact before conducting a turn and attempting to re-acquire the signal. The second detection on the return leg was held for approximately 13 minutes. On this occasion, two distinct pinger returns were audible. Significantly, this would be consistent with transmissions from both the Flight Data Recorder and the Cockpit Voice Recorder.
Clearly, this is a most promising lead. And probably in the search so far, it's probably the best information that we have had. And again, I would ask all of you to treat this information cautiously and responsibly until such time as we can provide an unequivocal determination. We haven't found the aircraft yet; we need further confirmation. And I really stress this. It's very important.
Ocean Shield remains in the immediate area and continues to try and regain contact with the Towed Pinger Locator. To this point, it has not been able to re-acquire the signals. There are many steps yet before these detections can be positively verified as being from missing flight MH370. Firstly, we need to fix the position. Then the Ocean Shield can lower the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Bluefin-21 into the water and attempt to locate wreckage on the sea floor. Another source of evidence such as wreckage would verify this lead. The area in which the signals have been received has a depth of approximately 4500 metres. This is also the limit of capability of the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle.
I need to be honest with you. It could take some days before the information is available to establish whether these detections can be confirmed as being from MH370. In very deep oceanic water, nothing happens fast. Of course, I will update you once we have an unequivocal determination. Ocean Shield will stay in its current area until such time as it can verify or discount the detections as being from MH370. Work continues by Ocean Shield to refine the pinger detection location. We will continue to follow a methodical and carefully planned process of investigation to verify or discount.
A few words about today's search. Up to nine military aircraft, three civil aircraft, and fourteen ships will assist in today's search. The search area is around 234,000 square kilometres. Good weather is expected throughout the day with showers in the afternoon, although this is not expected to affect the search.
Again, I thank all the men and women assisting in the search effort, including military personnel from around the world and State Emergency Service volunteers from around Australia who have given freely of their time. The efforts of everyone involved are deeply appreciated.
At yesterday's media conference, I said I would come back to you on some relevant matters. The Chinese ship Haixun 01 was on the southern extremity of the search area when it first detected a pulse signal. Let me say a few words about the search area, and I'm going to refer to a map which will be available on the net following this conference.
Now, you might all recall the analysis by the expert team that I referred to, I think, three days ago—three or four days ago. This was the analysis of the satellite signals and the aircraft simulation work, and what that revealed was there were a series of arcs which signified where each exchange or handshake occurred between the satellite and the aircraft. The sixth exchange is represented by this line here. A short time after the sixth exchange, there was another exchange with a slightly different signal. This was a matter of, I think, about eight minutes after the sixth ping, and the expert team consider this as very significant. They think something happened at that stage, and we assess that that's about where the aircraft would have run out of fuel.
Now, the search area is the underwater search area which is reflected here. In other words, the area where the aircraft might have entered the water is reflected by these boxes here. Do not worry about the other search areas, because the aircraft have been looking for wreckage on the surface and have been taking account of 30 days of oceanic drift. But the satellite has essentially given us this area here as the most likely place where MH370 entered the water.
Now, what's significant about this is that yesterday, or a couple of days ago, Haixun 01 had its encounter with the electronic pulse in this location here. Ocean Shield is currently working up in this location there. So, all of the search underwater is being enabled by that wonderful work that was done by the expert team in Kuala Lumpur, and their work has enabled us to come up with an underwater search area which is quite narrowly focused. And with the acoustic events that we're getting in the area, we are encouraged that we're very close to where we need to be. So I just put that on the table because people have asked the question, and I think we need to explain it.
And what's the difference between this end of the box and that end of the box? It's the assumptions that relate to the aircraft speed. If the aircraft was travelling slower than normal, it would be this area up here where the aircraft might have ended up. If the aircraft was travelling faster than perhaps normal—a bit faster than here—it would end up in this area here. So that is why we are searching in this area here, and the most promising lead at this stage is the event I described first up, with Ocean Shield in this location here. This graphic will be up on the net after this press conference.
Yesterday, I also stated Ocean Shield had Remotely Operated Vehicle on board. That is not the case. The capability embarked, and which I've already mentioned, is a Bluefin-21 Autonomous Underwater Vehicle with a side scan sonar capability for the accurate mapping of the seabed, and of course, it can also have a camera attached to it if the need arises. Ocean Shield is capable of carrying and employing a Remote Operated Vehicle but does not currently have one embarked. Options for the future employment of a Remote Operated Vehicle are being collected and considered. I'm now happy to take your questions.
Question: [Indistinct] assume that if the black box batteries were to die in the next day or so, do you feel that we're now close enough that you would be able to effectively find the wreckage of the plane if it is indeed there?
Angus Houston: I think that the lead we've got at the moment justifies a very thorough prosecution. Obviously, we're doing—the first thing we're doing is trying to fix the position on the basis of the return transmissions that were picked up earlier on. Hopefully, we will re-acquire those transmissions. But you're right. The life of the batteries must be getting somewhere close to the end of life. It's, what, 31 days? So we're already one day past the advertised shelf life. We hope that it keeps going for a little bit longer.
But then we need to go down first of all with the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle to map the ocean floor. The subject matter expertise that is available will be able to determine if there's something unusual on the sea floor like aircraft wreckage, and in the event of finding something unusual, the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle will come back to the surface and will then be fitted with a camera, and hopefully we would then be able to pick up imagery.
Now, I stress, this is very deep water—4500 metres, and the limitation on depth in terms of this vehicle is 4500 metres. So we're right on the edge of capability, and we might be limited by the capability if, for example, the aircraft ended up in deeper water.
Question: Two questions. One, is that possible that the signal detected by the Ocean Shield and the Chinese ship are different, you know, belong to different black box, the one belonging to the Flight Detail Recorder, and the other one belonging to the Cockpit Voice Recorder? And then one question is, what's the moment, we want to know—what's the moment for official confirming that [indistinct] signal, you know, consistent or inconsistent with [indistinct]. It must be followed, that critical [indistinct]?
Angus Houston: In terms of both of those events, they're in the area of probability that was worked out by the experts in Kuala Lumpur. So we have to prosecute both contacts. We don't know at the moment; we don't have any confirmation that one or the other is significant enough for us to say yes, this is where the aircraft is. We have to have further confirmation. And I would put it to you that we cannot confirm it until we have found some wreckage. And that's why the work that the Bluefin 21—the work that it does—is absolutely vital in the immediate future. And of course, we need a good position on the ocean floor to be able to prosecute a quick and efficient search. If we're dealing with an imprecise position, it's going to take a lot longer because we'll have to search a much larger area.
Question: Mr Houston, can you please clarify the timeline of the most recent detections by Ocean Shield? Exactly when those two pings were detected and also is it possible that the series of different pings by Ocean Shield versus the series of detections by the Chinese, could they be from the same signal or are they definitely different events or one or the other [indistinct]?
Angus Houston: Well, the two events—that search area is over 300 nautical miles long. One was at one extremity, the other at the other extremity so I would say unlikely that they're the same event. But in deep water funny things happen with acoustic signals particularly with different temperatures, layering and so on. And I might get—I might actually get Commodore Leavy to speak about that in a moment. In terms of the timeframe, you might—I don't think you were here yesterday—but I referred to the fact that just before the press conference, we were starting to hear that Ocean Shield had made a contact but we had no detail at that stage. And over the last 24 hours and, indeed, for probably the next 24 hours, Ocean Shield will continue its runs back and forth over the area. I might add this is a very time-intensive operation because it's towing a lot of cable and to turn it round to come back again takes three hours to turn around.
Question: Were the detections 24 hours [indistinct]?
Angus Houston: Well, more—well, the detections as I understand it, the first detections were around the middle of the night, not last night, night before.
Question: And then how many frequencies…?
Angus Houston: There's been two contacts thus far and they were early on in the process and the precise timings I haven't got for you but one of those contacts was for two hours and 20 minutes. The other contact happened on the second run so we can get the precise time for you but it was I would suggest it's probably several hours later, given that it takes three hours to turn the whole set-up round. And the other question you had—is that—I've answered it, great.
Angus Houston: In terms of locating this pinger, I mean how big of an area—I mean how precise are you able to locate that area at this point? Is it within a couple of miles or is it a hundred miles or…?
Angus Houston: What I might do is ask the—one of the subject matter experts, Commodore Leavy to address your question and you might just add a little bit on some of the challenges associated with the work that's being done underwater. Peter.
Peter Leavy: I might just open with some of the challenges we face. As you've heard, most of the—all of the detections that are happening at the moment are acoustic, you can think of it essentially as deployed microphones listening for sound and on the Towed Pinger Locater, that's sitting approximately 3000 metres below the surface of the ocean. Unlike in air where sound travels in a straight line, acoustic energy, sound, through the water is greatly affected by temperature, pressure and salinity. And that has the effect of attenuating, bending, sometimes through 90 degrees, sound waves. So it is quite possible and very hard to predict—it's quite possible for sound to travel great distances laterally but be very difficult to hear near the surface of the ocean for instance.
So it is a markedly different environment to what you see with sound travelling through air. And it's a very specialised skill set that is being employed at the moment. In terms of the Towed Pinger Locater, we're expecting around a 2000 yard detection range. So, you can picture now, moving three knots through the water or five kilometres an hour, with a detection range of around two miles. That's a very small piece of area that's being searched. Ocean Shield at the moment is on her fifth leg of a search that's an expanding square around that initial detection point.
That will take—or she will continue on that profile for another 24 hours. If they gain another acoustic event on that Towed Pinger Locater, that will be the trigger at the moment to launch the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle with a more accurate sonar and potentially, a camera for mapping and visually looking at the ocean floor. But at the moment that's not deployed. The focus is on trying to re-acquire the acoustic signal that they had 24 hours ago. In terms of area, by the end of tomorrow when they've completed their runs, they expect to have a three by three mile box searched. So, it is quite a small area that will be searched very thoroughly but it is a very small area and it gives, I hope, some sense of the challenges that they're facing out there.
Keep in mind each of the runs that they conduct, is around seven miles long with the turn at the end and it takes quite some time—around seven to eight hours to do each leg and to do the turn at the end. They need to steady on the new course and allow the Towed Pinger Locator to complete the turn and settle down so it is a very, very slow and painstaking process. We have the best in the world out there doing it though. So, we're confident that if there is—the pinger out there and it's still radiating, we're quite confident that we should find it. We've got the best in the world engaged in this task. Thanks, Sir.
Angus Houston: Thank you very much.
Question: I'm not sure who's best to answer this but when we're talking about acoustic signals, the frequency, the signal emitted by a black box, what else could it be at that frequency?
Angus Houston: Well, I think we just have to be very, very careful because we need to confirm it in my view with imagery of wreckage. I…
Question: Is there anything in the natural world that emits…?
Angus Houston: I don't—my view is, my personal view is, probably not but as you've just heard, strange things do happen in the ocean and I would want more confirmation before we say this is it. The point is that this correlates very well with the work that was done in Kuala Lumpur and essentially, this has been done without finding any wreckage thus far. And I think it's quite extraordinary and what I'd like to see now is us find some wreckage because that will basically help solve the mystery. And I would ask you to respect that because fundamentally, without wreckage we can't say it's definitely here. We've got to go and have a look and hopefully we'll find it somewhere in the area that we've narrowed it to.
Question: How optimistic are you at this point?
Angus Houston: Well, I'm much more optimistic than I was a week ago and some of you saw me a week ago. I was really concerned because we hadn't found any wreckage which is usually I think in most other searches of this nature, the narrowing of the search area and the eventual finding of the downed aircraft has been enabled by wreckage on the surface.
Question: This might be [Indistinct]…
Angus Houston: Just wait a minute. And essentially this to my knowledge right in the middle of the ocean, this is quite an extraordinary set of circumstances that we're now in a very well defined search area which hopefully will eventually yield the information that we need to say, MH370 might have entered the water just here.
Question: [Indistinct].
Angus Houston: Yeah.
Question: I think you said there were two distinct pings [inaudible] potentially from the flight data recorder [inaudible]…
Angus Houston: Yeah.
Question: Did you get a sense of how far apart those two detections [indistinct]?
Angus Houston: I will get the subject matter expert to have a word. I've heard the—what we've got is, we've got a visual indication on a screen and we've also got an audible signal and the audible signal sounds to me just like an emergency locator beacon and what we're talking about, there were two separate pingers so what we're probably looking at on the second run, is the fact that we probably had not only the main emergency locator beacon but also the Cockpit Voice Recorder. If that's—that's the sort of signals we were getting. Do you want to say any more on that?
Peter Leavy: Thanks, Sir. My understanding is they were around 2000 yards, just under 2000 yards apart. Of note, the first detection was made whilst the Towed Pinger Locator had been retracted so, it was much shallower. The reason they do that is at the end of each turn, as the ship turns around, Ocean Shield reverses course, if they don't retract the Towed Pinger, the effect of movement through the water slows down—the pinger will sink because the effective ship movement is reduced. So, they—it's brought up close to the surface. That also helps speed up the turn and once they're around it's then deployed fully again. So, the first detection was obtained whilst the Towed Pinger Locator was at a relatively shallow depth and given that it's within about 1800 yards to 2000 yards, the two detections, that would be consistent with the sound anomalies that I mentioned before, the different propagation parts. So, it's quite possible that even though they assess it to be within—around 1800 yards apart, it's quite possible that it could actually be from the same source on the seabed.
Question: In case you are unable to [indistinct] the signalling, what would be your next course of action?
Angus Houston: Well, we're very focused at the moment on exhausting the investigation into that source and that's going to take quite some considerable period of time. For example, for the rest of the day, I would imagine and probably into tomorrow, we will still be doing Towed Pinger runs over this area. Now, when that's finished, probably the next thing would be to—let's say if we find—we're able to fix the location, we will send the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle straight down. If we're unable to fix the location, the people who are out there have to do an analysis of everything they've got and make an assessment as to whether they would deploy the underwater vehicle to go down and have a look in the most likely area. So, I would anticipate that's what will happen, the underwater vehicle will be deployed and we'll continue the work.
And just to emphasise again, if we have a large area of uncertainty, it will take several days to actually cover a fairly—what would appear to be a fairly small area, things happen very slowly at the depths that we're dealing with. Do you want to say anymore about that; I think that covers it.
Question: Does the area that they're looking to search, are there any waters that are deeper than 4500 metres?
Angus Houston: Absolutely. We are dealing with very deep water, some of the water out there exceeds 5000 metres which is going to be very challenging and very demanding and we will need other vehicles to go down there to that depth.
Sorry, could we—this gentleman here first please.
Question: [Indistinct] use for information by the ship search, does it mean you will review the aircraft search and rescue operation?
Angus Houston: No, not at all. Not at all, because I mentioned the need to find wreckage. We have not seen any wreckage at all yet and I think in previous incidents, accidents, involving aircraft over the water, sometimes quite a big piece of wreckage is found in the water. Witness what happened with the Air France disaster a few years ago. The only large piece of wreckage that was found on the surface was actually the tail so, I think we need to continue the search and again I emphasise, this is not the end of the search. We've still got a lot of difficult, painstaking work to do to confirm that this is indeed where the aircraft entered the water. I would not be prepared to confirm that this is the spot where the aircraft is at the present—on the present evidence. We need more evidence and the best evidence we could find, is imagery from the autonomous vehicle that suggests the wreckage is on the bottom of the ocean and a photograph that demonstrates that and we can then say, this is where the aircraft entered the water and the wreckage is on the floor of the ocean.
Question: If you find that wreckage on the floor of the ocean, what would be the next step?
Angus Houston: Well, we then go into the recovery operation and the recovery operation as we saw with the Air France circumstances will take a long, long time and just depending on the circumstances, I'm not prepared to speculate about that. We would need to—the starting point will be to sort of map where wreckage is and all the rest of it and that will take a period of time and that will be the vital starting point for whatever unfolds after that. But it's very deep water, very difficult—I guess, I was involved as Chief of the Defence Force with the recovery of a helicopter off the coast of Fiji. We knew exactly where the helicopter went into the water and it took us a long, long time to recover the Blackhawk and the person who was inside it. So, I just emphasise nothing will happen quickly, we're talking about a long operation here which will be measured in months and we have yet to find the aircraft. Okay. One more question and I'll take it over here.
Question: [Indistinct] white floating objects?
Angus Houston: Yes, yes. Apparently they've been checked out and they had no relationship to MH370. Ladies and Gentlemen, thank you very much for coming today and I'm sorry, we could be here all day—thank you very much for coming along and again, I stress, we need to think about the families here. We have a promising lead but we have yet to get the confirming evidence and that will be a long process. But we have been as open as we can be with you. We're hiding nothing and that's the circumstances as they stand right now.
Thank you very much.


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