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Exeter College. Drugs, alcohol and substance abuse policy
- Laura Gardner
- 3 years ago
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1 Exeter College Drugs, alcohol and substance abuse policy 1. Introduction The College recognises that moderate consumption of alcohol is not likely to cause harm and is often an important part of social life. Prescribed drugs may often play a crucial role in treating certain medical conditions. However, substance abuse (which includes alcohol, drugs, solvents and other substances) can lead to accidents, increased levels of absence and reduced productivity. This policy is not contractual, but is intended to clarify our position and to help and protect workers from the effects of substance use. 2. Scope of this policy This policy applies to all employees and workers, irrespective of status. All employees are engaged on the basis that they will provide the College with their best endeavours at all times. As judgement and the ability to make decisions are essential elements of all jobs at all levels, and as alcohol and other substances affect judgement and the ability to make decisions, it is important that no category of worker is excluded from this policy. 3. Aims of this policy The College aims to provide a working environment that is safe, that minimises any risks to health and that makes adequate arrangements for employees' welfare whilst they are at work. The use or abuse of certain substances, including drugs or alcohol, by any workers may put themselves or others at risk and/or result in harm and/or injury to themselves or others. This policy therefore aims to clarify our rules relating to the use of alcohol and drugs; to reduce the likelihood of drug/alcohol impairment at work; to raise awareness of the impact of misuse of alcohol and drugs, of how this can be recognised and what support is available; and to clarify at what point we regard alcohol, drug or substance use as a disciplinary matter rather than a health problem. 4. Legal considerations The following pieces of legislation apply to this policy: - the Misuse of Drugs Act the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 (with regard to the employer's duty to ensure, where practicable, the health and safety at work of its employees and the employees' duty to take reasonable care for their own safety and that of others who may be affected by their acts or omissions) - the Data Protection Act (in terms of employee monitoring and health screening). 5. Definitions Page 1 of 6 Version 2.0
2 "Alcohol" means any ethyl-alcohol containing product which, if consumed, has the capacity to induce intoxication. "Drugs or substance abuse" means any substance capable of causing intoxication. This includes all controlled drugs contained in the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and specifically includes: cannabis (marijuana), opiates (including heroin), cocaine, any prescription drugs (including amphetamines and barbiturates) which are not obtained and used in a legally issued medical prescription, and any over-the-counter medicine or substance which is deliberately misused so as to impair the individual. The "workplace" includes all land, property, car parks, buildings, structures, installations, lockers, toolboxes, vehicles or equipment owned, leased or used by the College for the conduct of its business. 6. Responsibilities In applying this policy we recognise our responsibilities by: - placing the highest importance on the health, safety and welfare of all employees and workers in the conduct of our business - accepting the legal and moral obligation to provide and maintain a safe and healthy workplace - providing a commitment to support employees who require help and rehabilitation for health problems and to ensure that those who place their trust in us by admitting to a substance abuse problem are treated with sensitivity and confidentiality - providing information about the harmful effects of substance abuse to promote preventative action. Employees and workers must however take personal responsibility for their own health and actions insofar as they affect the health and safety of themselves and others who may be affected by their acts or omissions. 7. Information on alcohol use The use of alcohol affects individuals in different ways and there are a number of variables (such as size and weight) that mean some people feel the effects more quickly, and to a greater degree than others, when drinking the same amount. However, the impact of alcohol (even with a relatively low intake) is likely to affect the drinker's thinking, judgement, mood, co-ordination and speed of reaction. Increased amounts can lead to significant mood swings and violence. In tandem with this is the physical damage that excessive drinking can cause: consumption of alcohol is known to increase blood pressure and has been linked to heart disease and associated coronary problems. Heavy "binge" drinking may put a strain on the liver and other muscle functions. Once alcohol has entered the bloodstream it can only be removed by the liver. A healthy liver takes out one unit of alcohol per hour. It is therefore possible to be under the influence of alcohol at work even though the alcohol consumed was drunk the evening before: this applies particularly to heavy or "binge" drinkers. A unit of alcohol is equivalent to 8gm or 10ml (1cl) of pure alcohol. Examples of 1 unit of alcohol include half a pint of beer, lager or cider (3.5% ABV); a single 25ml measure of spirit (40% ABV) or a small glass of wine (9% ABV). As a guide, the Health and Safety Executive advise that men who regularly drink four or more units a day, and women who regularly drink three or more units a day, have an increasing risk to their health. Page 2 of 6 Version 2.0
3 8. Information on the use of drugs/substance abuse Like alcohol, drug misuse can lead to changes in behaviour which can have an impact on job performance, absenteeism and relationships with work colleagues. The effects of illegal substances vary, including dizziness, slowing down and feelings of sleepiness, excessive thirst, being detached from reality, suffering from hallucinations etc. The possession of certain drugs is illegal and could lead to criminal charges being brought against the user. The drugs which are subject to control come under three classifications: Class A: includes ecstasy (MDMA), LSD, heroin, cocaine, crack, magic mushrooms, methamphetamine (crystal meth), methadone. Class B: includes oral preparations of amphetamines, barbiturates, cannabis, codeine, Methylphenidate (Ritalin), synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones. Class C: includes, benzodiazepines (diazepam), Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), Ketamine, gammabutyrolactone (GBL), piperazines (BZP) and anabolic steroids. 9. Use of alcohol and illegal drugs while at work The use, possession, distribution, purchase, sale, consumption or being under the influence of illegal drugs whilst at work is never permitted and will be regarded as gross misconduct. Employees and workers must not under any circumstances bring illegal drugs into the workplace or to any event attended in the course of their employment, including social functions organised by the College. In the interests of their own and their colleagues' safety, any employee or worker believed to be under the influence of alcohol, illegal drugs or solvents will be escorted off site pending investigation. Disciplinary action will take place when the employee has had time to become sober or recover from the effects of drugs or solvents. This kind of behaviour will normally be treated as gross misconduct and result in summary dismissal. The only circumstances where the consumption of alcohol is permitted during working hours are specialist roles which require entertaining clients, or celebratory events (such as retirement or leaving parties) that have been approved in advance by the Bursar. However, such consumption must be reasonable. In addition, Heads of Department and line managers must remember their position of responsibility and ensure that anyone consuming alcohol does not then drive or operate machinery when clearly not in a fit state to do so. Employees and workers are also reminded that they are expected to behave appropriately at events which are organised by the College, such as training courses, seminars, Christmas parties or other such functions. While drinking alcohol is permitted in moderation, employees should ensure that they continue to speak and act in an appropriate manner. The taking of illegal drugs or misuse of other substances is never condoned. This policy extends to those who work from home at any point, including those on standby or callout. 10. Identifying potential problems Page 3 of 6 Version 2.0
4 Supervisors and managers play a vital role in the early identification of potential problems. They should note and document any potential concerns: if a pattern begins to appear, reasonable grounds for concern are justified and the issues should be addressed based on deterioration of job performance. The following characteristics, especially when arising in combinations, may indicate the presence of an alcohol or drug-related problem: Absenteeism: instances of unauthorised leave; frequent absences on Fridays and/or Mondays or immediately after pay day; leaving work early; lateness (especially on returning from lunch or unexplained absences from work site more than the job requires); frequent trips to the rest room; excessive or unusually high level of sickness absence; unusual and increasingly suspicious reasons for absence; unscheduled short-term absences, with or without explanation High accident level: either at work or elsewhere (ie driving, at home, etc) Work performance: deterioriation in work standards; difficulty in concentration; work requires increased effort; individual tasks take more time; problems with remembering instructions; increased incidence of mistakes; poor decision making; errors of judgement; loss of interest Mood swings: fluctuations in mood in a single day or shift; irritability; nervousness; depression; general confusion Physical evidence: multiple bruises; loss of weight and gaunt appearance; injection marks on arms (drugs used intravenously); tremor and sweating hands (alcohol or sedative withdrawal); signs of intoxication (slurred speech, unsteady on feet, confused); bleary eyed (alcohol and cannabis); smell of alcohol; tiredness/exhaustion Personal appearance: such as wearing long sleeves in all weather especially in the morning to cover up injection marks; becoming less neat in dress or appearance or sometimes excessive care about dress Financial concerns: borrowing money from other workers Relationships with colleagues: deterioration in relations with fellow workers and with management; avoidance of contact with supervisor/manager. 11. Medication From time to time employees or workers will suffer ailments or illnesses for which legally prescribed or legally available drugs are required, either to rectify the ailment itself or to relieve the symptoms. As these drugs may also have some form of side effect, it is important that if this is likely to affect job performance in any way (e.g. by causing drowsiness), anyone taking such medication should check with his/her doctor or pharmacist about any possible side effects and notify his or her Head of Department or line manager of this fact and the details. The aim is to protect everyone's safety and in certain cases it may be necessary to restrict some activities or move the person to other, less risky, work until fully recovered. Employees and workers with long-term health conditions which require medication to control these are advised to inform us of what medication they take so that these details are kept on file and made available to any medical staff or first-aiders called in the event of a medical emergency or accident. Page 4 of 6 Version 2.0
5 12. Right of search In order to enforce this policy, the College reserves the right to inspect and search the workplace and, with their consent, any person or personal property. While we have no power to enforce a personal search, failure to comply will be taken into account when considering whether disciplinary action is necessary. 13. Employee testing If we suspect that an employee's work performance or conduct has been impaired through substance abuse, we reserve the right to require the employee to undergo a medical examination to determine the cause of the problem. 14. Treatment and rehabilitation All employees are encouraged not to cover up for colleagues with a drink or drug problem but to recognise that collusion represents a false sense of loyalty and will in the longer term damage those employees. Employees who recognise that they have a drink or drug problem, or that they are at risk of developing one, are encouraged to come forward for confidential help. They should seek an appointment, in confidence, with the HR Officer who will, with their consent make a referral to a College-approved doctor, medical practitioner or Occupational Health specialist for advice. The College will (as far as is practicable) provide employees who seek help for substance abuse problems with support, internally and through external agencies (where appropriate). Employees must recognise that it is their responsibility and in their best interests to seek help at the earliest possible stage, when treatment is more effective and before the problems affect their work sufficiently to become a disciplinary matter. Employees enrolled in a rehabilitation programme will be subject to the normal sickness absence rules. If we believe that an employee is under the influence of either alcohol or drugs as a result of an abuse problem, the outcome of any disciplinary procedure will generally include requiring that the person seek help from one or more of the national organisations set up to advise on overcoming this. Where an employee, having received treatment, suffers a relapse, we will consider the case on its individual merits. Medical advice will normally be sought in an attempt to ascertain how much more treatment/rehabilitation time is likely to be required for full recovery. At our discretion, more treatment or rehabilitation time may be given in order to help the employee to recover fully. If, after an employee has received treatment, recovery seems unlikely, dismissal may result, but in most cases a clear warning will be given to the employee beforehand and a full medical investigation will have been undertaken. Continuation in post or the offer of an alternative post during or after treatment will depend upon our business needs at that time. If an employee declines the offer of referral for assessment and treatment; discontinues treatment before its satisfactory completion and continues to fall below standards required; or either disobeys an instruction given by the business with regard to rehabilitation or suffers a relapse during or following treatment, we reserve the right to withdraw our support and will deal with the matter under our disciplinary procedure. Page 5 of 6 Version 2.0
6 15. Communication and training This policy will be made available to all staff and will be referred to in our Employee Handbook. Supervisors and managers will, where appropriate, be briefed in order to develop "early recognition techniques" for identifying employee misuse of alcohol, drugs or other substances and in effective interviewing and counselling skills to ensure any issues are dealt with promptly, tactfully and firmly. 16. Enforcement of this policy Breach of this policy by any employee will be fully investigated and dealt with under our disciplinary procedure. Any other person breaching this policy will be asked to leave the College s premises. In order to meet legal obligations, the College will inform the police and any other appropriate authorities if there is reasonable suspicion that a criminal act has been committed on the College s premises. Any employee or worker concerned about the implementation of this policy, or who has concerns for his/her health and safety, should raise these in the first instance with his/her Head of Department or line manager. If appropriate action is not taken to resolve the situation within five working days, he/she should raise the issue with another Head of Department or the Bursar. 17. Informing the police The supply, sale or possession of illegal drugs is a criminal offence. Please note that we will not hesitate to inform the police if we believe that such drugs are in the possession of an employee, or are being used, sold or distributed by our employees on our premises. Employees involved in such activities will be liable for summary dismissal for gross misconduct. 18. Implementation, monitoring and review of this policy This policy will take effect from The Governing Body of the College has overall responsibility for implementing and monitoring this policy, which will be reviewed on a regular basis following its implementation and additionally whenever there are relevant changes in legislation or to our working practices. Any queries or comments about this policy should be addressed to the HR Officer. 19. Related policies We also have the following related policies: Sickness Absence reporting and sick pay policy Disciplinary policy Page 6 of 6 Version 2.0
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text:
Skyrock.com discovers a fast and easy-to-use business intelligence tool
Skyrock.com achieves significant time savings in the production of reports
Skyrock.com is the leading social network of French and European blogs with over 34 million blogs worldwide.
The problem: the heterogeneity of computer systems
How does one benefit from an ultra-rapid and easy-to-use business intelligence tool, measuring the usage habits of blog users and the efficiency of advertising campaigns? Until recently, Skyrock's response was to allow each of its services to use its own business intelligence tool, at the expense of efficiency, productivity and usability. For example, Marketing users for the "editor" portion (site building) used one system, while those in advertising (monetizing the site) used another to show page impressions, unique visitors, revenue generated, etc.
Skyrock realized that choosing a single, standardized, high-performance business intelligence solution transformed the ability of its users to analyze and understand data. This is explained by the fact that, naturally, we see and understand data more effectively with interactive visualizations. In the end, the new Skyrock system provided answers to these questions, thereby making it possible to grow web audiences and advertising revenue.
Solutions that are easy to use save time and improve analyses
Skyrock uses Tableau Software to quickly analyze web usage and the advertising revenues generated by its advertisers. Employees use Tableau to create intuitive dashboards, publish data in a browser and embed it in emails so that it can be shared by other users within the company. The majority of employees access Tableau from a browser and are able to get answers to their questions in a few clicks.
One of the key factors in the success of Tableau is its extreme speed and ease of use. The deployment of Tableau at Skyrock was managed internally, without the support of IT experts, and no formal training was required. Members of staff were able to train themselves mainly by using short online videos. And the results speak for themselves: reports on the study of web usage, which once required a half day, are now created in less than 30 minutes.
"Skyrock has to analyze large amounts of data, and Tableau is a high-performance solution that greatly facilitates reporting. The production of reports becomes more fun and effective," says Loïc Cadiot, Project Manager at Skyrock. "Because we save time on the collection and presentation of data, we can devote more time to the essentials: data analysis and decision-making that promotes increases in audience and advertising revenue."
About Tableau Software
Tableau Software helps people see and understand data. Ranked by Gartner and IDC in 2011 as the world's fastest growing business intelligence company, Tableau helps anyone quickly analyze, visualize and share information. More than 10,000 companies get rapid results with Tableau in the office and on-the-go. And tens of thousands of people use Tableau Public to share data in their blogs and websites. See how Tableau can help you by downloading the free trial at www.tableau.com/trial.
Tableau and Tableau Software are trademarks of Tableau Software, Inc. All other company and product names may be trademarks of the respective companies with which they are associated.
About Skyrock.com
Skyrock.com is the leading social network of French and European blogs with over 32 million blogs worldwide
More than 3.4 million downloaded applications and mobile services of the Skyrock group generate over 309 million page views per month to nearly 2.4 million unique visitors. The Skyrock radio app became the leading free application on the App Store within 24 hours of its launch.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Voberry Men Summer Comfortable Massage Flip Flops Shoes Sandals Male Slipper Indoor Outdoor Flipflops Black zE2MT
/ USA / 2018 / Drama / 101 mins / English
Directors Guild of America - Theatre 1 Thursday | May 3, 2018 7:00 pm
After David Kim (John Cho)'s 16-year-old daughter goes missing, a local investigation is opened and a detective is assigned to the case. But 37 hours later and without a single lead, David decides to search the one place no one has looked yet, where all secrets are kept today: his daughter's laptop.
We are very excited to open the Festival with the Sundance NEXT Audience Award winner SEARCHING from director Aneesh Chaganty and #StarringJohnCho. This innovative film, which takes place all within a computer screen, is a unique experiment that is very outside-the-box, yet it all takes place within the "box" of a computer screen.
Stretching the parameters of genre cinema that may, on the surface, be limiting, Chaganty's deft direction, coupled with an intense performance by Cho, showcases a new voice in Asian American and genre filmmaking, much like how Jordan Peele's GET OUT flipped the script on horror film conventions. – Anderson Le
Aneesh Chaganty is a 27-year- old writer/director whose two minute short film, a Google Glass spot called "Seeds" became an internet sensation after garnering more than 1 million YouTube views in 24 hours. Following its success, Aneesh was invited to join the Google Creative Lab in New York City, where he spent two years developing, writing and directing Google commercials.
He is a recipient of the Future of Storytelling Fellowship, awarded to only five young creatives around the world "who have demonstrated a fearlessness to tell stories in unconventional ways" and whose works "will be instrumental in shaping the future of storytelling." SEARCHING is Aneesh's first feature. He quit his job to make it.
Director : Aneesh Chaganty Writer : Aneesh Chaganty, Sev Ohanian Producer : Timur Bekmambetov, Sev Ohanian, Adam Sidman, Natalie Qasabian Cast : John Cho, Debra Messing, Joseph Lee, Michelle LaDirector Writer Producer
Preceded by:
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Directors Guild of America - Theatre 1 Thursday | May 3, 2018 7:00 pm
Buy 10 tickets at a discounted price!
Get priority seating and entry to the majority of Festival events!
Carrying the burden of "Pride of Taiwan" on his anchor plated shoulder, the reticent national icon attempts his one last shot at baseball glory.
A semi-annual literary journal showcasing poetry, essays, and short fiction from both emerging and established writers.
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Theis published eight times a year, in every month but February, July, August, and September. At this time, the Articles Committee and the Essays Reviews Committee are reviewing submissions for the s Fall 2018 issues and later. Please contact Kevin Koai , Executive Articles Editor, or Anika Havaldar , Executive Essays Reviews Editor, with any questions about submission guidelines or procedures.
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is committed to publishing responses to scholarship that appears in the's print edition, as well as original pieces addressing pressing and dynamic legal issues. The criteria for onlinepublication are consistent with the's standards as a leading source of legal scholarship. Given that'spurpose is to provide an online forum for legal discussion from a variety of perspectives, we strongly encourage authors to limit their submissions to 3,000-6,000 words (including footnotes). Submissions should also conform to the requirements (aside from word count suggestions) listed above. pieces are published throughout the year on a continuous basis. Published content is available on Westlaw, LexisNexis, Hein, and EBSCO in addition to being permanently available online in .pdf format.
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A decade after Australian governments committed to the Closing the Gap framework, three of the seven national targets are on track and four will expire later this year.
Australian governments acknowledge they need to work differently with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.
This includes genuine partnership with Indigenous leaders, organisations and communities, to identify the priorities that will inform better programs and services, to close the gap.
A Special Gathering of prominent Indigenous Australians met in Canberra for two days in February this yearto discuss priorities for the next decade of Closing the Gap. Participants from all states and territories met to share their experiences and help influence the next steps in Closing the Gap.
From this, ten representatives presented a statement to Council of Australian Governments (COAG) meeting who agreed all governments will undertake community consultations on the refresh, prior to agreeing on the new Closing the Gap framework, targets and performance indicators by 31 October 2018.
Around 1,000 people represented their communities, businesses and organisations at consultations around the country. We also asked people to share their views on the best way to refresh Closing the Gap on our website.
Feedback from consultations and submissions will now be used to inform the new Closing the Gap targets.
We also need to honour and celebrate the richness and diversity of the world's oldest living culture, and support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians to prosper.
Prosperity is about moving beyond wellbeing to flourishing and thriving. It refers to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples having the economic empowerment to be the decision-makers over issues that impact their lives, and to seize opportunities for themselves, their families and communities.
Prosperity can be structured around four key parts – Individual, Community, Economic and Environment. These are underpinned by a recognition that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture is integral for thriving communities.
View the extended text description of the
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Another step in this process is to consider how governments can improve program implementation. Six implementation principles have been developed to guide the new Closing the Gap agenda.
The principles are:prioritised Evidence-based collaboration tailored Shared
In December 2007, the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) pledged to close key gaps in outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.
All CAFO administration is covered by sponsors, so 100% of your donations go to fuel CAFO initiatives that grow and guide effective care for children.
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text:
Quick Tip: Need stickers printed ASAP? Check out our reviews of the best sticker printing services. Prices start at just $0.15/sticker!
Even as an adult, I absolutely love stickers. They're great for kids, advertising and decoration.
What's more, you don't have to be a graphic designer to make your own sticker.
If you have Microsoft Word, sticker paper (which you can purchase at any office supply store) and scissors – you are on your way!
Step 1. Plan the design.
Before you begin your project, take the time to plan out what you want your sticker to look like, what kind of content you will use and what kinds of sticker illustrations you want to integrate into the design.
Step 2. Set up the design in Word.
When you print on sticker paper, your design can be anywhere on the page and you make the cuts after it has printed. Some sticker paper will come with templates and clip art to use.
TIP: Select narrow margins to give yourself more room to design.
Step 3. Insert your image.
Place your images and/or illustrations within the design area. Select the Insert tab and click Picture to pull up the location of the image you will use.
TIP: Make sure any images you place in your design are at least 300 DPI for the best results.
Step 4. Format your image.
You can add borders or create a custom shape by using the tools in the Format tab.
TIP: When considering a custom image, remember you will have to cut it out, so be confident you can cut the shape before you change it.
Step 5. Insert your text.
You can place text in your design by selecting the Insert tab, clicking on Text Box and then choosing the Simple Text Box. Double check for spelling or grammar mistakes.
TIP: Use a text color that contrasts with the background color and select an easily legible font.
Step 6. Format your text.
You can change the size of the font in the Home tab. You can also change the format of the text box (remove border or background, change the text box style) in the Format tab.
Step 7. Print a sample.
When you go to print, select Properties and change the paper and the print quality to photo for the best results. Print only one at first to make sure everything prints correctly.
Take a look at that!
Now you have your own homemade sticker, and it was super easy. Take your sticker-making knowledge and have fun with it.
Make positive and motivational stickers for kids' chores, create a sticker that can be used in many places that displays your website name, or use stickers as an organizational aid.
Whatever the purpose, you can now make them easy and customize them in your own home!
Featured image courtesy of pasoti.co.uk.


text:
Taylor Van Diest's accused killer awaits jury verdict
Matthew Foerster accused of murdering 18-year-old Van Diest on Halloween 2011
A jury will begin deliberations Friday in the trial Matthew Foerster, of Cherryville, B.C., who stands accused of the first-degree murder of Armstrong teen Taylor Van Diest on Halloween 2011.
The 18-year-old girl was found beaten with fatal wounds by the side of railroad tracks on Halloween night in 2011. A forensic pathologist testified earlier in the trial she suffered multiple blows to the head, among other injuries.
Foerster, 28, has admitted responsibility for causing the injuries that killed Van Diest, but he has pleaded not guilty to the charge of first-degree murder.
On Thursday in Kelowna, both Crown and defence gave their closing submissions to the jury.
The Crown argues Foerster followed Van Diest to a secluded area of Armstrong intending to rape her. When Van Diest fought back and screamed, Foerster smashed in her head with a heavy flashlight.
Foerster's defence lawyer says her client only wanted consensual sex with Van Diest. But when a scuffle ensued, Foerster pushed the Armstrong teen, causing her to hit her head on a steel pipe on the ground.
The victim's mother Marie Van Diest calls that theory laughable.
"It think it sounds a little too far fetched and unrealistic for anyone to believe that it could actually happen that way. It was what it was, and I think she'd be hard pressed to sway that jury otherwise."
She's confident her family will get justice.
The jury will begin its deliberations after the judge in the case gives his final instructions.
With files from the CBC's Brady Strachan


text:
zMAX Fuel and Engine Formulas
zMAX Transmission Formula
zMAX for Small Engines and Watercraft
zMAX and Hybrid Vehicles
zMAX and the Easy Fuel™ "no cap" Fuel Filler
I have a vehicle that uses the Easy Fuel™ "no cap" Fuel Filler. How do I install zMAX in my gas tank?
1. Remove the supplied white plastic funnel from where it is stored in the vehicle. Check owner's manual if you do not know where it is stored.
2. Insert fuel
3. Pour recommended amount of zMAX through the funnel into the gas tank.
4. Do not jam the bottle of zMAX into the filler neck without using the funnel,
How To Use zMAX Products in Multiple Vehicles
How To Use zMAX Products PDF (Requires Adobe Acrobat)
zMAX Firearm Products
Download the FAQs for firearms use.
zMAX, the FTC and Corrosion Results
On the test identified by the FTC using AVIATION ENGINE OIL, the results were within allowable limits.
When subsequent testing was performed using PASSENGER CAR ENGINE OILS on multiple tests, each test showed no evidence of increased corrosion due to the presence of zMAX.
zMAX performed extensive ASTM/SAE testing to maintain their performance claims which included the ability to help reduce wear on vital engine parts.
Our Micro-Lubricant formula is also FAA Approved under the AvBlend brand name and like our zMAX product, is
A great example of how our product protects bearings and other vital engine
If you visit our www.AVBLEND.com web site, click on the Sean Tucker Survival Story. The ability of our product to "Soak into Metal" deeper than engine oil and "Micro-Lubricate" metal from the inside out, provided Sean's bearings with additional lubrication when there was only 8.oz of residual oil, left in the engine.
If you look at the photos of the Bearings (and other parts as well), the fine Gray Lead Indium used as a protective coating when bearings are manufactured new is still present with no sign of wear.
I am advised that many pre-1975 engines require engine oil with higher levels of ZDDP that is commonly available in modern engine oils. Without adequate levels of ZDDP
Does zMAZ have any impact on the ZDDP levels when mixed with modern engine oil?
Does adding zMAX improve or counteract the effects of a lack of ZDDP in modern engine oil?
Would you please advise what synthetic oil -
* zMAX will not conflict with the engine oil formulation including ZDDP.
* Current motor oil specifications for passenger cars have reduced amounts of Zinc and Phosphorous. zMAX does not replace your formulated motor oil. The engine still requires motor oil moving between the parts and zMAX will not impede the ZDDP or any other additive component in the motor oil. It's important to remember that zMAX uses the oil as a carrying agent to reach and "Soak Into The Metal Surfaces".
* By zMAX soaking into the metal and weeping out (Micro-Lubrication), zMAX helps dissipate excess frictional heat on the raised machining marks, which helps the motor oil function across a cooler, better lubricated and more stabilized surface.
* It's important to remember that zMAX was initially developed (As Speedway Cocktail) to help reduce wear on the Offenhauser race engine Camshaft/Lifters at the Indy 500 Race in 1938. The inventor, Joseph Lencki determined that his Camshaft/Lifter failures were primarily caused by the lack of splash lubrication on the parts at initial start-up.
* Brad Penn makes conventional oil that is part Synthetic and is sold under the name "The Green Oil". The zinc content is sufficient for


text:
Recovering from Typhoon Haiyan will be a huge challenge, writes William Dennis.
The Philippines faces a herculean rebuilding task in the worst-affected parts of the Visayas islands following the devastation caused by Super Typhoon Haiyan on 8 November.
Haiyan damaged or destroyed 1.14 million houses, with Cebu, Samar, Albay and Leyte provinces hardest hit. Cebu City is the second largest in the Philippines. Nearly 6,000 people are known to have perished, with up to 2,000 still missing. More than four million are displaced.
The Ministry of Finance in Manila puts damage and losses at an estimated US$15bn.
Socio-economic Planning Secretary Arsenio Balisacan said assessing actual damage and losses will take time. 'Our priority is to ensure lost ground is regained; implementation of social and economic development projects in the affected areas need to be accelerated,' he said.
The National Economic and Development Authority is spearheading a recovery and construction plan that involves building critical infrastructure such as roads, bridges, houses, hospitals, telecommunications lines, power plants, and water supply and distribution systems.
What is surprising is that the authorities are unable to say when work will start or how long it will take for the affected regions to get back on their feet. Lack of funds is a core issue here. The government has approved 40'billion pesos ($952,000), a fraction of what is needed.
Lack of insurance cover in most affected areas is certain to delay rehabilitation. Those whose businesses were destroyed either did not understand the need for insurance or did not want to pay the premium.
What is important is that there should be accountability and transparency in the use of money from foreign countries.
The only construction the Filipino government has started a month after the disaster is bunkhouses for victims in Samar, Leyte and Eastern Samar.
With agriculture and fishing the main livelihoods in these regions, thousands have been made jobless. Economically, the typhoon has also ruined Cebu's chances of expanding for outsourcing operations. The second city's bright prospects have now dwindled to just a glimmer of hope.
Despite the scale of damage and losses, Balisacan believes that 2013 fourth quarter Gross Domestic Product (GDP) could slow by only 0.3-0.8 percentage points. He says he is confident that GDP for 2013 will grow between 6.7-7 per cent after a first half growth of 7.6 per cent.
Leyte, which bore the brunt of Haiyan, was lashed by 313km/h winds and 7m-high waves that destroyed Daniel Z Romualdez Airport in Tacloban, the provincial capital. There were no aircraft at DZRA when Haiyan struck, but the control tower, instrument landing system and passenger terminal were badly damaged, paralysing commercial operations, and hampering military relief flights. DZRA was the gateway to eastern Visayas from Manila and Cebu.
As a precautionary measure, the authorities closed nine other airports for six days. With domestic flights scaled down, the five domestic carriers, Philippine Airlines, AirAsia Philippines, Cebu Pacific, Zest Air and Philippine Express estimate a combined loss of $33m on the affected routes for 2013.
According to the director general of the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, William Hotchkiss, there is no indication when DZRA will resume operations, if ever.
CAAP needs $50m to cover the reconstruction of the control tower, terminal building and communications equipment. Restoring the terminal and the runway are added costs. But rebuilding the airport is not a priority of the government.
The disaster has brought to light some poor government procurement practices. For example, it was discovered that $416,000 worth of medicine procured by the Department of Health in Manila and held by several hospitals expired in 2012.
A copy of the Commission on Audit's report made available to E&T blamed overstocking and purchase of drugs near expiry. The report also stated that 1,583 packs of medicine DOH supplied to a certain hospital in April and October 2009 had expired in 2007.
Health undersecretary Ted Herbosa claimed that he had no knowledge of the issue, saying: 'I have yet to receive the report.'
Some aspects of life are returning to normal. The three mobile telecommunications providers have restored 85 per cent of services in the Visayas. Smart Communications, Digitel Mobile Philippines and Globe Telecom said the full spectrum of services will be restored by the end of December.
At this crucial time, external funding will be required for reconstruction of infrastructure. It does not help that some foreign companies are struggling to get back long overdue refunds.
As an incentive to foreign investors, equipment imported for business is not subject to VAT, but the amount has to paid and then claimed back. Henry Schumacher, external executive vice president for European Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines, said the government needs to provide guidance on how to get VAT refunds.
Takashi Ishigami, president of the Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Philippines, stressed that the VAT refund system must be resolved once and for all for investors to get back their dues.


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Automating Success
Service Level Agreements (SLAs) have become a way to ensure that you deliver the reliability, quality, and speed your enterprise customers and carriers are looking for. We'll explore how automation—specifically workflow automation and defined test standards—drives a more efficient approach, requires a fraction of the resources, and enhances the quality of experience.
Date October 17, 2017, 2:00 PM - 3:00 PM
Speakers Ken Gold Leader, Solutions Marketing, EXFO
Darren Pralle Sr. Manager of Marketing and Business Development, Spirent
Jose Lugo Vice President, Customer Network Solutions, Altice USA
Ready or Not, 5G Is Coming: Understanding the Backhaul Requirements for 5G
Join us for an in-depth look at the challenges, requirements, and necessary steps to prepare your transport networks and services for the advent of 5G wireless technology.
Date October 17, 2017, 3:15 PM - 4:15 PM
Speakers Mr. Keith Hayes Principal, Broadband Advisors Group, LLC
Mr. Jon Baldry Director, Metro Marketing, Infinera
Guy McCormick Senior Vice President, Engineering, Cox
Ethernet Provisioning and Activation
Get a glimpse into the next generation of systems and tools that are enabling the automation of service creation and provisioning for Ethernet service.
Date October 18, 2017, 3:00 PM - 4:00 PM
Speakers Jose Lugo Vice President, Customer Network Solutions, Altice USA
Mr. Mark Gibson Director, Product Management, Amdocs Open Network Group, Amdocs
Mr. John Hawkins Director, Solutions Marketing, Ciena
Service Assurance: Are You up to the Test?
Tight SLA requirements have become the norm for most business services products. We'll take a look at how to make service assurance testing an indispensable part of each phase of the service delivery lifecycle, ranging from test and turn-up to 24x7 monitoring of the delivered solution.
Date October 19, 2017, 9:00 AM - 10:15 AM
Speakers Mr. Sean Yarborough Sr. Director of Business Development, Spirent
Steve Nocella GVP of Engineering and Operations, Charter
Mr. Robert Flask Sr. Product Line Manager, Viavi Solutions
The Impact of Virtualization on Business Services
Cloud computing and virtualization are trends that have revolutionized many parts of our industry, including business services. In this workshop, you'll have the opportunity to explore ways in which virtualization is changing the landscape of business services, ranging from CPE to back-office to end-user applications.
Date October 20, 2017, 11:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Speakers Mr. Ajay Manuja Vice President, Engineering, Benu Networks
Mr. Fady Masoud Principal, Product and Field, Infinera
Dean Brewster VP, Network and Service Management, Charter


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After reading up on HTML5 and hearing all the buzz, I decided to take a few minutes and create a simple form to help me learn a little more about it and maybe share a few things along the way. Accompanying me are 12 new input types, most of which I don't use in this form, but are pretty snazzy.
There's new input types
At the time of this post the input types being supported by the newer browsers are email, url, tel, search, number, and range. The types only supported by Opera are date, datetime, datetime-local, month, week, and time.
What's so great about them? Well, the thing that sticks out the most to me so far is Mobile Safari's integration with the e-mail, tel, and url input types. If you are using an iPhone and hit a HTML5 form field utilizing an url type your keyboard will display the special keyboard with a ".com" button. This doesn't really help people with .net domain extensions, but it's a step in the right direction. The same goes with email types – a keyboard with an "@" button will appear making it easier to fill out. The tel input type will display the iPhone's number pad.
Getting started
To get started we need to build a basic HTML5 page and a form that utilizes the new input types and the stylesheet to keep it looking good.
<!DOCTYPE html>   <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>HTML5 Form</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css">
 <form id="contact" method="post" action=""> <fieldset> Name <input type="text" name="name"> E-mail <input type="email" name="email"> Phone <input type="text" name="phone"> Website <input type="url" name="url"> Question/Comment <textarea name="message"></textarea> <input type="submit" name="submit" id="submit" value="Send Message" /> </fieldset> </form>

Let's add some placeholders
More than likely you have seen placeholders that up until now have been strictly JavaScript driven. With HTML5, we only have to use JavaScript as a fall back.
Name <input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Full Name"> E-mail <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="email@example.com"> Phone <input type="tel" name="phone" placeholder="ex. (555) 555-5555"> Website <input type="url" name="url" placeholder="http://">
Use Modernizr to handle the fallbacks
I've been using Modernizr as a fallback because, well, it makes my life easy. It will detect if a browser supports a HTML5 feature and if it doesn't, it allows you to handle it appropriately. To handle the placeholder fallback we are going to use Modernizr and mix in some jQuery goodness with the placeholder plugin by Daniel Stocks.

Client-side Validation
HTML5 offers some great validation, but unfortunately it's currently only fully supported by Opera. Firefox should have it in version 4 and Chrome has it halfway implemented which really doesn't make sense to me. While testing native validation on this form, Chrome will validate the form and won't allow it to be submitted, but will not display a message telling the user why. This can be confusing and it's why I am using a jQuery validation plugin for it. Start by adding the validation class to the fields. The title will display the error message text that your user will see.
<input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Full Name" title="Enter your name" class="required"> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="firstname.lastname@example.com" title="Enter your e-mail address" class="required email">
In the final front-end step I'll use the jQuery form plugin in conjunction with the validation plugin to pass the form to the server side process.php via ajaxSubmit.

That's pretty much it
HTML5 offers a ton a robust new features and I have barely grazed the surface with its capabilities in this tutorial. I'm sure there will be more to share along the way. I'd like to give a special thanks to Chris Coyier for letting me reference his tutorial for help with the ajax portion of this post.
The download includes a stylesheet to spruce up the new form and a basic server side form processor, but you might want to apply some server side validation as well.


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To add to my situation, I am peri-menopausal, so my roller-coaster hormones are a complicating factor. Even on a low-dose contraceptive pill to regulate moods, I find my moods varying, based on where I am in my monthly cycle. This often makes it more difficult to remain calm in the face of highly negative behaviors when they occur.
Is there a particular CD that you recommend I begin with?
Thank you in advance for your help. I am ready to dive in.
Janie D.
Dear Janie,
This is not easy, to have a kid with special needs plus fluctuating hormones.
First off, (and I know this is a sidebar to the answer to your question, so forgive me in advance for the digression), I hope you're structuring in some regular, weekly getaway time for you and you alone, where your daughter is with somebody or something else, and you get to have some guilt-free time to do something nourishing for yourself - enjoy that yoga, hang with a friend, get a massage or read a book in a restaurant - whatever.
I'm speaking both as a family therapist here and the mother of 3 (now grown but once little) kids here. Because, trust me, you can do therapy, yoga and guided imagery 'til the cows come home - if you're not getting away from your child on a regular basis, getting some distance and perspective from day-to-day parenting, you're still going to be frustrated and angry. There's a reason why it used to take a village! So please consider that.
The other thing I want to say is, no matter what you do, perfect parenting will elude you. I can tell from the gorgeous way you framed your carefully crafted question (on email format, no less, where one is allowed to be half-assed!! :-) ), that you have high standards and like to do things really well. On top of that, when parents have only one kid, they tend to hang on to the sweetly misguided illusion that, with enough effort, they could get this parenting thing exactly right. The arrival of a second kid tends - blessedly - to kill that idea, but, absent that, unrealistic expectations stay alive and well. This backfires sooner or later.
Now, here's the thing: if you have less stress on yourself by cutting yourself some parenting slack in the expectations department - for both you and your daughter - you'll be a more relaxed and nourishing parent. Honest. I know your Inner Mom is arguing with me, even as you read this, but I believe I'm on pretty solid ground here.
Now, to (finally) answer your question: as for picking CDs, there are several that would do, but I'd start with one and see how you like it before buying a whole bunch. Maybe the Relieve Stress one - that has 4 different exercises on it, and that might be a good way to start. If you don't like the imagery for Peaceful Perspective, you could try the Affirmations track, or go to the Walking Meditation - that should clear your head and ease some stress, and get you out of the house, too!
And I know you didn't ask for her, but your daughter might enjoy Betty Mehling's Magic Island or Dr. Rox's Star Within or Healing Heart or Way of the Bear. That will give her some skills in managing anxiety and self-soothing that can last her a lifetime. And, contrary to what you might expect, kids with ADHD tend to do well with a right-brained intervention like guided imagery.
I hope this helps!
All best to you,
(and please keep up your yoga!)


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In advance apologies if this is in the wrong section.
Recently been on my first two fishing trips with a friend (who has been on quite a few fishing trips). While we've been out fishing, he's caught 2 fish and I've had one bite (what a thrill haha). Both trips were overnighters, probably 12-16 hours out there each trip. Two different lakes out in Kent.
I was hoping someone could point me in the right direction to start learning a little more, as at the moment he pretty much sets it up for me and then I cast out.
We've been using two rods each with weights on the end and what I imagine is a hair rig? You attach a pellet or other bait to a spike hanging beside the hook. He had a few PVA nets which we filled with groundbait on a few casts.
That is probably not enough information to tell you what I'm doing wrong, but I'd appreciate if anyone could point me at any good videos or articles that I can read up on between fishing sessions!


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Jaime Peraire, the H. N. Slater Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics, has been named the next head of the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AeroAstro). He will assume the role beginning July 1.
Peraire succeeds Ian Waitz, who in February was named the dean of the School of Engineering.
"[Peraire] is internationally known for his scholarship in computational fluid mechanics, computational mechanics, and numerical simulation methods," Waitz noted in an email to the AeroAstro community. "He is also an exceptional colleague and dedicated teacher … The department will be in very good hands."
Peraire joined MIT in 1993 as an associate professor after earning undergraduate and graduate engineering degrees from the University of Barcelona in 1983 and 1987, and his PhD and DSc from the University of Wales in 1986 and 1997. He was named a full professor in 1999. Since joining MIT, he has worked with colleagues from across the Institute to create a new integrated curriculum on computational engineering.
Peraire's research interests include computational aerodynamics — he is also the director of the Aerospace Computational Design Lab — as well as simulation-based design and numerical analysis. His work has applications in the areas of computational compressible-fluid dynamics and other multidisciplinary problems in aeronautics. Several software products based on Peraire's research — in particular, the FELISA suite of codes — are used throughout the aerospace industry.
In 1988, Peraire received the Young Researcher Award in Computational Mechanics given by the International Association in Computational Mechanics (IACM); in 1997, he received a NASA Exceptional Achievement Award. He is a fellow of the IACM and an honorary professor in the School of Engineering at the University of Wales, Swansea.


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Now straighten curly hair was changed. And that hair loss resulting from the use of hair streitanara, he ignored the issue persists.
Thus, forcing the hair to straighten some harmful side. This article highlights the harmful things. According to a report in the Hindustan Times.
1. The hair is dry and dull
To straighten hair have an adverse effect on the hair. Makes your hair dry and dull hair streitenim process. And since it can be understood in order to straighten the hair. Whenever you how much hair loss shampoo will be understood immediately. Hair normal brightness will be lost. And it becomes dull and dry hair. Hair is required to spend a long time in the loss. However, if you have straight hair regularly sthayibhabei it becomes dull and dry.
2. Chemical is not your friend
Iron to straighten hair, as well as a variety of chemicals are used. However, the chemicals are not good for the human body. For this reason, and many suffered from allergies. There is also the risk of problems such as itching, and dandruff.
3. Hair fall
Many of the crew had straight hair. And it can only increase the problem of hair fall. Especially in the use of harsh chemicals that can increase the rate of hair fall.
4. The sort of low
Curly hair has a different beauty. It can be sorted in various ways. But the less chance the sort of straight hair. If you have straight hair suits you really are two different things. But many curly hair looks beautiful. As a result, he lost the beauty of the hair is straight.
5. New hair hazard
Many hair from curly to straight after having problems. The problem began after a few days to straighten hair. The new hair is curly hair big as ever. The old hair is straight. The decor of both the hair becomes impossible. The new hairs need to be straight.


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Monday, December 9, 2013
Cardinals, Blue Jays and Sharp Shinned Hawks at Feeders
And they bring lots of color, too. The Cardinals, with their bright red are among the brightest colors to see.
At Springbrook Nature Center's bird banding yesterday in the falling snow we caught over 85 birds that were stocking up on energy for the cold night coming up.
Several Cardinals were captured, banded, and released.
It is easier to photograph them too, as they are concentrating on the food, and let me get a bit closer, as this one did yesterday.
The Blue Jays are big and can become bullies at the feeders, not letting other birds near them until they are done feeding and leave.
The predators need to eat too, and they keep the flocks of song birds healthy by eating the slow and less fit. And they are a wonder to watch with their fast flying and manuerving ability.
Thursday, November 14, 2013
American Coot Strange Migrating Waterfowl
Coots are not ducks, but they are found among ducks. They are more closely related to rails and cranes. They have a bill shaped like a rail, and each toe has its own webbing, instead of the whole foot being webbed together as ducks have. Some of the webbing on the toes can be seen in the picture below.
Tuesday, October 22, 2013
Heavy Fall Frost
The last New England Aster flowers looked pretty droopy, but their colors were very vibrant and enhanced by the frost.
The seed heads here seem to be the focus point for the frost crystals, with little columns rising off the seeds.
Not having a warm indoor area to return to means needing to constantly eat to stay warm.
The Gold Finch is in its winter plumage now, with the bright yellows of summer replaced by the duller colors that make hiding from predators easier.
Thursday, October 17, 2013
Broadwinged Hawk At Springbrook
It's rehabilitation was complete and now it is healthy enough to join other Broadwing Hawks in their migration to South America for the winter.
These hawks nest in and around Springbrook, and a pair was regularly seen and heard over the trails throughout this past summer.
Keep an eye out next year for this hawk with the band on its left leg. It might return to this same area.
Sunday, October 13, 2013
Sparrows At Springbrook, Song, Fox, White Throated, and Swamp
It is mostly shades of brown with some black.
All sparrows have a short heavy beak for cracking seeds open.
Fox Sparrows are only seen during migration in the fall and spring at Springbrook, as they spend summers farther north, and winter in the warm southern areas.
The yellow above the eye is a sure way to identify these sparrows. The yellow at the back edge of the beak is left over from this birds "gape" this past summer as a baby bird.
The "gape" color signals the adults to feed the baby birds, and will be gone by spring.
Thursday, October 10, 2013
White-lined Sphinx Moth and Caterpillar
By coincidence someone had brought in an adult moth found in their garden a few days ago, so here are their pictures together, something I haven't seen at the same time before.
The caterpillar has the characteristic tail of all sphinx moth caterpillars, but is more boldly colored than most other sphinxes.
Unfortunately, this caterpillar has almost no chance of surviving to adulthood.
During the day the bright underwing colors are covered up as the moth camouflages itself on some tree bark or dead leaves.
Sunday, October 6, 2013
Late Fall Wildflowers In The Rain
This Purple Cone Flower was the only one left, and some of its petals were missing.
The wet cloudy day made the colors very vibrant. The only challenge was keeping the camera dry.
There were no bees or bugs pollinating in the rain. When the sun returns they will be back.
Saturday, September 7, 2013
Yellow Bellied Sapsucker Camouflage
I took these pictures yesterday afternoon on a Burr Oak tree.
The picture to the left shows how well they blend in with the bark of the tree. They sit very still and are hard to see unless the light is behind them.
But its camouflage is working very well.
Monday, September 2, 2013
Black Swallowtail Butterfly Emerges
They are beautiful, big, colorful butterflies with a very black background color.
In my previous post the caterpillar was preparing to change into the chrysalis portion of its life cycle. It sat quietly for a day before shedding its skin one last time to become the chrysalis.
By the next day the green color was starting to fade and become more brown.
Black Swallowtails overwinter in this chrysalis form here in Minnesota, and I thought that might be what these tree bark looking chrysalises might do. But after 12 days for each, four of the chrysalises have now had the adult butterfly emerge. Perhaps the remaining 16 day old chrysalis will wait until spring.
It seems these buterflies like to wait until full dark to emerge, as I waited up very late several nights and missed all but this one as it was emerging at 5 AM last Thursday.
There is no movement, and suddenly the chrysalis cracks open and the butterfly quickly crawls up the plant stem to find a spot where its wings can hang and expand.
Notice the very prominent greenish yellow veins in the wings, through which the fluid can be seen flowing as the wings rapidly expand.
The butterfly occaisionly tries to open the wings, but they are not strong enough yet and flop to the side mostly.
The new butterfly moves its proboscus mouth open and closed repeatedly during this time to get it ready for its first meal of flower nectar.
I released each butterfly on flowers hoping to photograph it outdoors. But each butterfly immediately flew high up into the sky and into the top leaves of trees near by.
I hope this butterfly's large abdoman means it is a female with lots of eggs to be laid yet this summer so more Black Swallowtails will be seen next summer.
Sunday, September 1, 2013
Confusing Fall Migrating Warblers
It is one of the confusing fall warblers whose muted migration colors make it look very similar to other warblers.
One of the only ways to separate this warbler from the Common Yellowthroat warbler in the fall is to compare the length of the feathers under the tail pictured below.
Banding birds requires a lot of very specific observations and measurements to be turned in with the banding data.
The orange feathers under the wing indicate this is a male, and will have red and black feathers in the spring when he returns.
Warblers are beautiful birds, even without all the details.
Sunday, August 25, 2013
Black Swallowtail Butterfly Larvae on Dill
Black Swallowtail Butterflies lay their eggs exclusively on plants in the carrot family. In the wild in this area that means Golden Alexander plants, and, south of Minneapolis, Queen Ann's Lace. In your garden it means dill, parsley, and carrot.
The caterpillars eat the entire dill plant, right down to the ground.
In each instar the larvae usually look a bit different, or maybe a lot different.
This picture is of the 3rd instar for the Black Swallowtail caterpillar. It is preparing to shed its skin here. It quietly sits still on the plant stalk for several hours, not its normal behavior.
Notice all the spines and tubercules on the caterpillar's back. These will get smaller with each instar until they are not present in the 5th or last instar.
Also notice the white 'saddle' in the middle of the back in this picture. This will disappear in the next instar, as can be seen in the picture below.
Notice also the silk threads the caterpillar has woven all around the stem so the old skin will stay attached as it splits and the 'new' caterpillar moves forward.
The caterpillar is about 3 inches long here, 3 times the length it was in the 3rd instar, which is the 2nd picture above.
It is pretty easy to see the difference between the six 'true' legs up by the head and the 10 'pro-legs' or 'false' legs that protrude from the caterpillar's abdoman.
These false legs are like little velcro pads that stick to plant surfaces very well, enabling the caterpillar to use the true legs to help grab and pull food towards its mouth.
I don't think these caterpillars help with fertilization of the flowers since they completely eat every flower, and stem, they can find.
Notice the aphid trying to escape at the bottom of the flower stem. I didn't notice the aphids until after I was looking at the pictures on the computer.
The caterpillars seemed bothered by the aphids when they crawled onto their bodies, especially when the caterpillars were little. But I never saw one get eaten, even if it was on the flower as the caterpillar ate the flower.
At about 2 weeks of age the caterpillars start to wander, and after doing this for 12 hours or so, they settle on a plant stem to their liking, and attach themselves with a silk thread as can be seen below. Now it is ready to transform into a chrysalis, which will appear in an upcoming post.
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