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Cannabis & Memory Function
The effects of cannabis on short-term memory are long-established, users consistently perform worse than matched controls on laboratory tests of memory. Scientific research has focussed on the role of endocannabinoids in regulating memory processes.
For this report a Medline search using keywords cannabi* and memory identified a total of 725 scientific papers, this review concentrates on human studies.
Anecdotal studies and case reports
Shukla & Moore[i] describe the case of a 6 year old boy who developed transient global amnesia after accidentally eating a cannabis-laced cookie, noting "Transient global amnesia as a result of marijuana intoxication is an extremely rare event."
In a forensic case study, Niveau[ii] reported an offence committed during a cannabis flashback, cautioning "the possible participation of flashback phenomena must not be neglected when grounds of unexplained accidents or crimes are searched", however Fischer & Täschner[iii] reported "A definite correlation between the amount of hashish consumed and the occurrence of flashback does not exist. Flashbacks have also been reported after consuming cannabis alone. However, data vary regarding the frequency of such flashbacks. According to the available data they occur rarely and require a thorough differential diagnostic evaluation in each individual case. As a rule, the occurrence of a flashback may take place in cases where there is an intake of hallucinogenic drugs in the recent case history"
Population studies
Schweinsburg et al[iv] reported "(Marijuana-using) teens showed abnormalities in brain response during a (spatial working memory) task compared with controls, even after 1 month of abstinence." and further noted[v] "Adolescents demonstrate persisting deficits related to heavy marijuana use for at least six weeks following discontinuation, particularly in the domains of learning, memory, and working memory."
From a population-based study of 284 young adults with moderate lifetime cannabis use, Indlekofer et al[vi] reported "Ecstasy and cannabis use were significantly related to poorer episodic memory function in a dose-related manner." In a survey of cannabis use by Spanish secondary school pupils, Morales et al[vii] found "The most frequently reported effects were memory loss, sadness and difficulties in studying or working."
Heavy/long term/dependent users
Studying abstinent but frequent cannabis-using adolescent boys in the Netherlands and USA, Jager et al[viii] found "Cannabis users performed normally on both memory tasks. During (working memory) assessment, cannabis users showed excessive activity in prefrontal regions when a task was novel, whereas automatization of the task reduced activity to the same level in users and controls. No effect of cannabis use on (associative memory)-related brain function was found." Investigating long-term heavy users seeking treatment, Solowij et al[ix] reported "Long-term cannabis users performed significantly less well than shorter-term users and controls on tests of memory and attention."
Fernandez-Serrano et al[x] reviewing human studies of chronic users, noted that cannabis (and other drugs) were "commonly associated with significant alterations in the neuropsychological domains of episodic memory, emotional processing, and the executive components of updating and decision-making. …cannabis (use affected) processing speed and complex planning. The magnitude of both generalized and specific neuropsychological effects is overall attenuated in samples achieving long-term abstinence," Studying long-term cannabis users, Battisti et al[xi] noted "relative to non-using controls, chronic users of cannabis have altered memory-related brain activation in the form of dysfunctional SME production and/or poorer neural efficiency, which is associated with deficits in memory recall. Greater alteration was associated with a longer history of cannabis use and an earlier onset of use. Neuroadaptation to the effects of chronic exposure may additionally play a role."
Roser et al[xii] compared light and 'heavy' (15+ joints per week) cannabis users with controls on tests of auditory memory and processing, concluding "chronic cannabis use may cause a specific impairment of auditory information processing" Morgan et al[xiii] found cannabis users under the influence to have semantic memory impairments compared to control subjects Messinis et al[xiv] examined neuropsychological functioning in 20 long-term (LT), 20 shorter term (ST) heavy frequent cannabis users, and 24 controls after 24 hrs abstinence, finding "LT users performed significantly worse on verbal memory and psychomotor speed. LT and ST users had a higher proportion of deficits on verbal fluency, verbal memory, attention, and psychomotor speed."
Pope et al[xv] looked at light and heavy cannabis users of both sexes and noted "marked and significant differences were found between heavy- and light-smoking women on the subtest examining visuospatial memory... The heavy-smoking women remembered significantly fewer squares on this test, and they made significantly more errors than the light-smoking women" Pope et al[xvi] found "Heavy users displayed significantly greater impairment than light users on attention/executive functions, as evidenced particularly by greater perseverations on card sorting and reduced learning of word lists" noting[xvii] "The data support a 'drug residue' effect on attention, psychomotor tasks, and short-term memory during the 12-24 h period immediately after cannabis use, but evidence is as yet insufficient to support or refute either a more prolonged 'drug residue' effect, or a toxic effect on the central nervous system that persists even after drug residues have left the body."
Studying long-term users in Costa Rica, Fletcher et al[xviii] found "Older long-term users performed worse than older nonusers on 2 short-term memory tests involving learning lists of words. In addition, older long-term users performed worse than older nonusers on selective and divided attention tasks associated with working memory. No notable differences were apparent between younger users and nonusers… Long-term cannabis use was associated with disruption of short-term memory, working memory, and attentional skills in older long-term cannabis users." Soueif[xix], studying performance on neurological tests of long term heavy users in Egypt, found "The older the subject the smaller the amount of function deficit associated with cannabis consumption"
In a study of attitudes among long-term users, Gruber et al[xx] reported "When asked to rate the subjective effects of cannabis on their cognition, memory, career, social life, physical health and mental health, large majorities of heavy users (66-90%) reported a 'negative effect'." In a web-based survey of self-reported memory problems among users of cannabis and/or ecstasy, Rodgers et al[xxi] reported "We found that cannabis was associated with reports of 'here-and-now' cognitive problems in short-term and internally cued prospective memory. In contrast, Ecstasy was associated with reports of long-term memory problems, which were more related to storage and retrieval difficulties."
IDMU Survey data:
In our 1994-1998 surveys with results analysed for the House of Lords cannabis enquiry[xxii], 'memory problems' (170x reports, 6.1%) was the most common symptom reported in open-response reports to "have you suffered physical or mental health problems from cannabis use – if Yes what problems?" There was no relationship between incidence of memory problems and age of initiation to cannabis use, but there were highly significant associations with frequency of cannabis use, and with frequency of using other drugs including stimulants, hallucinogens, tobacco, alcohol, ecstasy and tranquillisers.
In our 1999 survey, respondents were asked to rate the severity and frequency of named problems, for memory problems although 43% of respondents reported experiencing these to some degree, only 3% reported severe problems, 20% reporting regular problems and 4% reporting continual/ongoing problems (Table 9)
Frequency & Severity of Memory Problems among Regular Cannabis Users (1999)
Once or twice
All the time
Total ever
Users of alcohol and other drugs
Studying users of ecstasy and/or cannabis, Dafters et al[xxiii] reported "cannabis users, whether or not they also used MDMA, showed significantly impaired memory function on word free-recall and on immediate and delayed story recall compared to non-users" Croft et al[xxiv] noted "The cannabis and MDMA/cannabis groups did not differ on any of the tests, whereas the combined cannabis and MDMA/cannabis groups performed more poorly than controls on tests of memory, learning, word fluency, speed of processing and manual dexterity"
Comparing users of ecstasy only, cannabis only and controls Rodgers[xxv] reported "Performance was similar across all three groups for measures of visual reaction time, auditory reaction time, complex reaction time, visual memory and attention and concentration. Significant impairment was found on measures of verbal memory in both cannabis users and ecstasy users." Gouzoulis-Mayfrank et al[xxvi] reported "Heavier ecstasy and heavier cannabis use were associated with poorer performance in the group of ecstasy users. By contrast, the cannabis users did not differ significantly in their performance from the non-users."
Fisk & Montgomery[xxvii] found "Relative to nonusers, cannabis users were found to be impaired in several aspects of real world memory functioning." They earlier reported from a study of ecstasy users and everyday memory[xxviii] (e.g. remembering to do something in the future): "cannabis emerged as the only significant predictor of everyday and prospective memory deficits. Significant correlations were found between the different indicators of everyday memory and various measures of illicit drug use. Cannabis featured prominently in this respect. The present study provides further support for cannabis related deficits in aspects of everyday memory functioning."
Psychiatric patients
DeRosse et al[xxix] found schizophrenia patients who used cannabis showed better performance in memory and cognitive functions than those who did not. Yucel et al[xxx] also found first-episode psychosis patients with a history of cannabis use "performed better on tests of visual memory, working memory, and executive functioning (than nonusing patients). Patients with early onset cannabis use had less neuropsychological impairment than patients with later onset use. Together, these findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia or FEP with a history of cannabis use have superior neuropsychological functioning compared with nonusing patients." De la Serna et al[xxxi] found similar results with cannabis-related psychotic patients (CU) performed better on tests of cognition, attention and memory than non-using psychotic patients.
Studying schizophrenia patients, Scholes & Martin-Iverson[xxxii] found "little difference in cognitive performance between cannabis users and non-users, suggesting that cannabis use has only subtle effects on the neurocognitive performance indices assessed" Ringen et al[xxxiii] found "In bipolar disorder subjects, cannabis use was associated with better neurocognitive function, but the opposite was the case for the schizophrenia subjects. There was a statistically significant interaction effect of diagnosis and cannabis use on focused attention (p=0.019), executive functioning (verbal fluency--set shifting) (p=0.009), logical memory-learning (p=0.007) and on logical memory-recall (p=0.004)." Mata et al[xxxiv] concluded "Pre-psychotic cannabis abuse is associated with decision-making impairment, but not working memory and executive function impairment, among first-episode patients with a schizophrenia-spectrum psychosis" Similar results showing improved performance have been reported by Schnell et al[xxxv], Coulston et al[xxxvi], Potvin et al[xxxvii], D'Souza et al[xxxviii], Liraud & Verdoux[xxxix]
In subjects with Tourettes syndrome, Müller-Vahl et al[xl] noted "During medication and immediately as well as 5-6 weeks after withdrawal of Delta(9)-THC treatment, no detrimental effect was seen on learning curve, interference, recall and recognition of word lists, immediate visual memory span, and divided attention. Measuring immediate verbal memory span, we even found a trend towards a significant improvement during and after treatment." Müller-Vahl et al [xli] also reported "we found no significant differences after treatment with delta9-THC compared to placebo treatment in verbal and visual memory, reaction time, intelligence, sustained attention, divided attention, vigilance, or mood. Only when using the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90-R) did our data provide evidence for a deterioration of obsessive-compulsive behavior (OCB) and a trend towards an increase in phobic anxiety."
In a genetic study of patients with psychosis, their family members and healthy controls, Henquet et al[xlii] found that carriers of the gene predicting psychotic reactions to cannabis "were also more sensitive to Delta-9-THC-induced memory and attention impairments" Di Forti et al[xliii] observed "Heavy cannabis use has… been shown to affect memory and learning performance, both in healthy individuals and in patients suffering from psychosis"
Controlled studies
Comparative studies:
Comparing verbal memory test results from adolescent cannabis users to matched alcohol users and non-using controls Solowij et al[xliv] noted "Cannabis users performed significantly worse than alcohol users and non-users on all performance indices. They recalled significantly fewer words overall (p < 0.001), demonstrating impaired learning (p < 0.001), retention (p < 0.001) and retrieval (p < 0.05) (Cohen's d 0.43-0.84). The degree of impairment was associated with the duration, quantity, frequency and age of onset of cannabis use, but was unrelated to alcohol exposure or other drug use."
Investigating the effects of antipsychotic drugs combined with cannabis on healthy controls and frequent cannabis users, D'Souza et al[xlv] reported "Haloperidol worsened the immediate free and delayed free and cued recall deficits produced by Delta-9-THC. Haloperidol and Delta-9-THC worsened distractibility and vigilance." Their earlier study[xlvi] found frequent cannabis use to be associated with "impaired memory and attention" but noted "frequent users of cannabis are either inherently blunted in their response to, and/or develop tolerance to the psychotomimetic, perceptual altering, amnestic, endocrine, and other effects of cannabinoids."
Prospective Memory:
Studying prospective memory performance in cannabis using and non-using students, Bartholomew et al[xlvii] found "no significant differences in the number of self-reported prospective memory failures; however, cannabis users recalled significantly fewer location-action combinations than non-users in the video-based prospective memory task (suggesting) that cannabis use has a detrimental effect on prospective memory ability in young adults but users may not be aware of these deficits." McHale & Hunt[xlviii] compared performances of short-term abstinent cannabis users with tobacco-using and standard controls, finding "The cannabis users, compared to both control groups, had deficits on verbal fluency, visual recognition, delayed visual recall, and short- and long-interval prospective memory. There were no differences for immediate visual recall." Comparing current cannabis users to controls, Nestor et al[xlix] reported "cannabis users were significantly worse with respect to learning, short and long-term memory performance"
Short-Term memory:
Studying short-term memory in adolescents, Schwarz et al[l] reported "Significant differences between the cannabis-dependent group and the two control groups were obtained initially on the Benton Visual Retention Test (F[2,24] = 6.07) and the Wechsler Memory Scale Prose Passages (F[2,23] = 7.04). After 6 weeks of supervised abstention from intoxicants, subjects in the cannabis-dependent group showed some significant improvement on the Wechsler Memory Prose Passages score and on the Benton Visual Retention Test; however, the improvement failed to achieve statistical significance. We concluded that cannabis-dependent adolescents have selective short-term memory deficits that continue for at least 6 weeks after the last use of marijuana."
Melges et al[li] reported "High oral doses of marihuana extract, calibrated for content of 1 (-)-Delta(1)-tetrahydrocannabinol, significantly impaired the serial coordination of cognitive operations during a task that required sequential adjustments in reaching a goal. This disintegration of sequential thought is related to impaired immediate memory." In tests of reaction times and short-term memory performance Rossi et al[lii] noted "no statistically significant differences between control and marihuana performance"
Working Memory:
Harvey et al[liii] reported "Adolescents who were regular cannabis users (more than once a week) had a significantly poorer performance on four measures of cognitive function reflecting attention, spatial working memory and learning. Cannabis use remained an independent predictor of performance on the working memory and strategy measures after additional predictor variables were included in a multivariate regression analysis." Wadsworth et al[liv] studied associations between cannabis use and cognitive performance, mood and human error at work, finding "Cannabis use was associated with impairment in both cognitive function and mood, though cannabis users reported no more workplace errors than controls. Cannabis use was associated with lower alertness and slower response organization. In addition, users experienced working memory problems at the start, and psychomotor slowing and poorer episodic recall at the end of the working week."
Ilan et al[lv] compared effects on working and episodic memory of marijuana and placebo, reporting "Responses in the (working memory) task were slower and less accurate after smoking marijuana, accompanied by reduced alpha band EEG reactivity in response to increased task difficulty. In the (episodic memory) task, marijuana was associated with an increased tendency to erroneously identify distracter words as having been previously studied. In both tasks, marijuana attenuated stimulus-locked event-related potentials (ERPs)."
Verbal Memory:
Comparing memory performance during nicotine withdrawal among adolescent abstinent-users and nonusers of cannabis, Jacobsen et al[lvi] found "Delayed recall of verbal stimuli deteriorated during nicotine withdrawal among cannabis users but not among comparison subjects". Belmore & Miller[lvii] reported "subjects recalled fewer words while intoxicated with marijuana… Drug subjects were more likely to forget meaningfully processed words on recently presented lists." Miller et al[lviii] reported "marijuana significantly decreased immediate and final free recall but only slightly influenced recognition memory. Rate of acquisition on the repeated lists was the same for both groups. Long term retention of encoded information was not influenced by marijuana"
In a prose-retrieval task using a randomized crossover design, Miller et al[lix] noted "Results indicated that marijuana reduced immediate recall under both cued and uncued conditions incomparison to placebo. No relative cued recall advantage was found in the marijuana groups for the old or new story and marijuana produced only a moderate decrement in recall of the old story on day two. However, marijuana given in the second phase significantly reduced memory for items recalled in the initial phase irrespective of drug or cueing condition in phase one, suggesting that retrieval was also affected." They also reported[lx] "Results indicated that recall was depressed following marijuana administration under both cued and uncued conditions with cues being only mildly effective in reversing the recall deficit. There was no increase in the number of internal intrusions under marijuana, but the number of external intrusions was significantly elevated under the cued conditions."
Digit recall:
Studying residual effects of cannabis, Heishman et al[lxi] reported "Performance was… impaired (decreased accuracy and increased response time) on serial addition/subtraction and digit recall tasks on day 1 in two subjects. On day 2, … subjective effects of marijuana were not observed. Performance remained impaired on the arithmetic and recall tasks on day 2, although the decrements were not as large as those observed on day 1." Varma et al[lxii] reported "Compared with a control group, the cannabis users were found to react slowly in perceptuo-motor tasks, but not to differ in intelligence or memory tests."
Memory Intrusions:
Hooker & Jones[lxiii] found "A significantly greater number of short story omissions and intrusions occurred in delayed free recall after marijuana. Immediate and sustained attention, controlled retrieval from semantic memory, and speed of reading and naming colors were not affected." In a study of memory intrusions Pfefferbaum et al[lxiv] found "marijuana and the association-rehearsal procedure reduced the number of correct recalls and increased the number of intrusions (nonlist items which were incorrectly recalled as having been on the list to be learned). The intrusions were divided into three categories: a) words found on prior lists; b) associates spoken during the rehearsal; or c) totally new works not previously mentioned. Marijuana significantly increased the number of new intrusions"
Remote/Long-Term Memory:
Wetzel et al[lxv] studied effects of cannabis on remote (long-term) memory, finding "Marijuana did not affect remote memory in comparison to placebo... Marijuana significantly impaired new learning at the same time that remote memory was unaffected." Darley et al[lxvi] noted "Marijuana had no effect on recall or recognition performance. These results do not support the view that marijuana provides access to facts in long-term storage which are inaccessible during non-intoxication." Abel[lxvii] found "marihuana did not affect retrieval of information in memory when the method of free recall was used, but did affect recognition processes such that subjects were less able to discriminate between items that had been presented previously and items that had not appeared a short time before. With respect to initial learning, marihuana was shown to affect acquisition processes involved in the storage of information."
Medicinal Uses & Therapeutic Research
Studying the effect of 1-3mg nabilone in healthy volunteers, Wesnes et al[lxviii] found "Impairments to attention, working and episodic memory and self-ratings of alertness were evident" Studying nabilone treatment for MS patients, Kurtzhaler et al[lxix] reported "Five neuropsychological functions (reaction time, working memory, divided attention, psychomotor speed and mental flexibility) were assessed. No indication was found of a deterioration of any of the five investigated neuropsychological functions during the 4-week treatment period with nabilone."
Pertwee[lxx] reviewing potential clinical applications of cannabinoids, noted "CB1 receptor antagonists may also have clinical applications, e. g. as appetite suppressants and in the management of schizophrenia or disorders of cognition and memory." Grotenhermen[lxxi] concluded "long-term impairment of memory, attention, and complex cognitive processes are low and do not preclude a legitimate therapeutic use"
In a clinical trial of cannabis-based oral-spray medicine in MS patients, Rog et al[lxxii] noted "Cognitive side effects were limited to long-term memory storage" in HIV patients receiving cannabinoid therapy Woolridge et al[lxxiii] found "Many cannabis users (47%) reported associated memory deterioration."
Different types/strength of cannabis
Cannabidiol (CBD):
Morgan et al[lxxiv] tested memory function in users smoking their own cannabis which was tested for THC and CBD content, finding "Groups did not differ in the THC content of the cannabis they smoked. Unlike the marked impairment in prose recall of individuals who smoked cannabis low in cannabidiol, participants smoking cannabis high in cannabidiol showed no memory impairment." Comparing effects of THC and CBD, Bhattarchaya et al[lxxv] found "Delta-9-THC and CBD had opposite effects on activation relative to placebo in the striatum during verbal recall, in the hippocampus during the response inhibition task"
In a study comparing the effects of cannabis with different cannabinoid profiles, Ilan et al[lxxvi] reported "Compared to placebo, active THC cigarettes produced expected effects on mood, behavior and brain activity. A decrease in performance, reduction in EEG power and attenuation of ERP components reflecting attentional processes were observed during tests of working memory and episodic memory. Most of these effects were not dose-dependent. Varying the concentrations of CBC and CBD did not change subjects' responses on any of the outcome measures." Nicholson et al[lxxvii] compared effects of different dosages and cannabinoid profiles on sleep in volunteers, finding "The next day, with 15 mg THC, memory was impaired, sleep latency was reduced, and the subjects reported increased sleepiness and changes in mood… 15 mg CBD appears to have alerting properties as it increased awake activity during sleep and counteracted the residual sedative activity of 15 mg THC."
Menhiratta et al[lxxviii] compared bhang drinkers with charas smokers, exposed to an average 150mg THC per day, and matched controls, noted "Charas smokers were the poorest performers and also showed poor memory"
THC dosage:
Testing effects of cannabis cigarettes with varying THC contents (up to 69mg) on regular but not daily users, Hunault et al[lxxix] found "The number of errors increased significantly with increasing doses in the short-term memory and the sustained attention tasks." Comparing effects of low, high dose THC with placebo in volunteers, D'Souza et al[lxxx] found THC: "disrupted immediate and delayed word recall, sparing recognition recall; impaired performance on tests of distractibility, verbal fluency, and working memory" In a small study of low and high dose THC on working memory, Lane et al[lxxxi] reported "both delta9-THC doses impaired delay-dependent discrimination but not delay-independent discrimination"
Curran et al[lxxxii] tested different doses of oral THC and placebo on memory, finding "Delta(9)-THC 15 mg impaired performance on two explicit memory tasks at the time of peak plasma concentration (2 h post-drug). At the same time point, performance on an implicit memory task was preserved intact. The higher dose of delta(9)-THC resulted in no learning whatsoever occurring over a three-trial selective reminding task at 2 h. Working memory was generally unaffected by delta(9)-THC… oral delta(9)-THC impairs episodic memory and learning in a dose-dependent manner whilst sparing perceptual priming and working memory" Klonoff et al[lxxxiii] tested low and high dose marijuana on neuropsychological tests, finding "The low dose produced generalized impairment of all mental processes (concept formation, memory, tactile form discrimination and motor function) and the effect was generalized to all modalities. The high dose resulted in more extensive impairment, again generalized… The effects of marijuana on learning as well as memory were explained in terms of impaired output (recall), but the impairment was transient."
Fundamental brain & receptor research
In a brain-imaging study of associative memory in cannabis users and controls, Jager et al[lxxxiv] found "Cannabis users displayed lower activation than non-users in brain regions involved in associative learning, particularly in the (para)hippocampal regions and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, despite normal performance… lower brain activation… could be the expression of a non-cognitive variable related to frequent cannabis use, for example changes in cerebral perfusion or differences in vigilance". Chang et al[lxxxv] reported "Despite similar task and cognitive test performance compared with control subjects, active and abstinent marijuana users showed decreased activation in the right prefrontal, medial and dorsal parietal, and medial cerebellar regions, but greater activation in various frontal, parietal and occipital brain regions during the visual-attention tasks (all with P < or = 0.001, corrected, cluster level)." Jager et al[lxxxvi] noted "Cannabis users and controls performed equally well during the working memory task and the selective attention task. Furthermore, cannabis users did not differ from controls in terms of overall patterns of brain activity in the regions involved in these cognitive functions. However, for working memory, a more specific region-of-interest analysis showed that, in comparison to the controls, cannabis users displayed a significant alteration in brain activity in the left superior parietal cortex." Kanayama et al[lxxxvii] found "Compared with controls, cannabis users exhibited increased activation of brain regions typically used for spatial working memory tasks (such as prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate)… Recent cannabis users displayed greater and more widespread brain activation than normal subjects when attempting to perform a spatial working memory task. This observation suggests that recent cannabis users may experience subtle neurophysiological deficits, and that they compensate for these deficits by "working harder"-calling upon additional brain regions to meet the demands of the task."
Ashtari et al[lxxxviii] found lower right hippocampal volumes and impaired memory performance compared to matched controls among adolescents with a prior history of 'heavy' (5.8 joints/day) cannabis use who had been abstinent for an average 6.7 months, concluding "These findings… lend support to a theory that cannabis use may impart long-term structural and functional damage." Demirakca et al[lxxxix] noted "Lower volume in the right hippocampus in chronic cannabis users was corroborated. Higher THC and lower CBD was associated with this volume reduction indicating neurotoxic effects of THC and neuroprotective effects of CBD." Becker et al[xc] found no performance differences between occasional and regular users except that regular use was associated with "increased activity in the left parahippocampal gyrus" Irving et al[xci] concluded "Cannabinoids have widespread actions in the brain: in the hippocampus they influence learning and memory" Sullivan[xcii] concluded "Cannabinoids reduce glutamate release through a G-protein-mediated inhibition of the calcium channels responsible for neurotransmitter release from hippocampal neurons. These mechanisms likely play a role in the learning and memory impairments produced by cannabinoids and by endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands."
Varvel et al[xciii], reviewing animal studies of cannabinoid receptor effects on memory, reported "Several groups have reported that CB(1) receptor antagonists enhance memory duration in a variety of spatial and operant paradigms, but not in all paradigms. Conversely, disruption of CB(1) receptor signaling also impairs extinction learning in which the animal actively suppresses a learned response when reinforcement has been withheld" Laaris et al[xciv] concluded "Marijuana impairs learning and memory through actions of its psychoactive constituent, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC), in the hippocampus, through activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R). CB1Rs are found on glutamate and GABA neuron axon terminals in the hippocampus where they control neurotransmitter release." Studying the effect of CB1-receptor antagonist on affective memory in healthy volunteers, Horder et al[xcv] found "rimonabant selectively reduced incidental recall of positive self-relevant adjectives. …a single dose of rimonabant decreases positive emotional memory in the absence of changes in subjective state"
Hampson & Deadwyler[xcvi] concluded "A possible role for cannabinoid receptors and endogenous cannabinoids may thus be to regulate the storage (i.e., encoding) of information, as well as the means by which that information is retrieved."
Short or long-term effects?
McGuinness[xcvii] stated cannabis use to cause "memory problems that may persist for a month after last use" Nahas & Latour[xcviii] stated "Clinical manifestations of pathophysiology due to marijuana smoking are now being reported. These include: long-term impairment of memory in adolescents"
Comparing current and former users, Fried et al[xcix] noted "After accounting for potentially confounding factors and pre-drug performance in the appropriate cognitive domain, current regular heavy users did significantly worse than non-users in overall IQ, processing speed, immediate, and delayed memory. In contrast, the former marihuana smokers did not show any cognitive impairments."
Pope et al[c] investigated whether long-term cognitive deficits are found in abstinent heavy users, reporting "The heavy smokers showed deficits on memory of word lists on Days 0, 1, and 7 of a supervised abstinence period. By Day 28, however, few significant differences were found between users and controls on the test measures, and there were few significant associations between total lifetime cannabis consumption and test performance." In older users, Pope et al[ci] also found "At days 0, 1, and 7, current heavy users scored significantly below control subjects on recall of word lists, and this deficit was associated with users' urinary 11-nor-9-carboxy-Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations at study entry. By day 28, however, there were virtually no significant differences among the groups on any of the test results, and no significant associations between cumulative lifetime cannabis use and test scores." Pope et al[cii] concluded "deficits in attention and memory persist for at least several days after discontinuing regular heavy cannabis use."
After a longitudinal study of IQ performances in young adults with and without histories of cannabis use, Fried et al[ciii] concluded "marijuana does not have a long-term negative impact on global intelligence."
In a 2003 review of animal studies, Castellano et al[civ] noted "It has been shown, for example, that Delta9-THC impairs memory in rats, mice and monkeys tested in a variety of experimental conditions (radial maze, instrumental discrimination tasks, Morris water maze, etc.). In some of these researches the effect of Delta9-THC was antagonized by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR 141716A, showing the involvement of this subtype of cannabinoid receptor in its effect."
2004 reviews: Kalant[cv] noted "Cognitive impairments of various types are readily demonstrable during acute cannabis intoxication, but there is no suitable evidence yet available to permit a decision as to whether long-lasting or permanent functional losses can result from chronic heavy use in adults. However, a small but growing body of evidence indicates subtle but apparently permanent effects on memory, information processing, and executive functions, in the offspring of women who used cannabis during pregnancy." Carlini[cvi] observed "On the cognitive domain it impairs the human capacity to discriminate time intervals and space distances, vigilance, memory and the performance for mental work. On the psychic area Delta(9)-THC may induce unpleasant reactions such as disconnected thoughts, panic reactions, disturbing changes in perception, delusions and hallucinatory experiences."
In 2005 reviews, Riedel & Davies[cvii] observed: "Animal studies, which enable a more controlled drug regime and more constant behavioural testing, have confirmed human results and suggest, with respect to hippocampus, that exogenous cannabinoid treatment selectively affects encoding processes… Administration of exogenous selective CB1 agonists may therefore disrupt hippocampus-dependent learning and memory by 'increasing the noise', rather than 'decreasing the signal' at potentiated inputs." Lundqvist[cviii] noted "Cannabis induces loss of internal control and cognitive impairment, especially of attention and memory, for the duration of intoxication. Heavy cannabis use is associated with reduced function of the attentional/executive system, as exhibited by decreased mental flexibility, increased perserveration, and reduced learning, to shift and/or sustain attention." Karila et al[cix] stated "Amongst the cognitive functions considered, memory-related, attention-related, psychomotor and motivation-related functions were proved deteriorated by acute and chronic cannabis use"
In 2006 reviews, Ranganathan & D'Souza[cx] noted "Acute administration of Delta-9-THC transiently impairs immediate and delayed free recall of information presented after, but not before, drug administration in a dose- and delay-dependent manner. In particular, cannabinoids increase intrusion errors. These effects are more robust with the inhaled and intravenous route and correspond to peak drug levels. This profile of effects suggests that cannabinoids impair all stages of memory including encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. Several mechanisms, including effects on long-term potentiation and long-term depression and the inhibition of neurotransmitter (GABA, glutamate, acetyl choline, dopamine) release, have been implicated in the amnestic effects of cannabinoids.", Egerton et al[cxi] observed "Effects of cannabinoids on cognition may be mediated via interaction with neurochemical processes in the PFC (pre-frontal cortex) and hippocampus. In the PFC, cannabinoids may alter dopaminergic, cholinergic and serotonergic transmission. These mechanisms may underlie cognitive impairments observed following marijuana intake in humans, and may also be relevant to other disorders of cognition."
In a 2008 review, Solowij & Battisti[cxii] observed "Most recent studies have examined working memory and verbal episodic memory and cumulatively, the evidence suggests impaired encoding, storage, manipulation and retrieval mechanisms in long-term or heavy cannabis users. These impairments are not dissimilar to those associated with acute intoxication and have been related to the duration, frequency, dose and age of onset of cannabis use." In 2007 reviews, Grotenhermen[cxiii] concluded "Effects on cognitive abilities seem to be reversible after abstinence, except possibly in very heavy users", Linzen & van Amelsvoort[cxiv] stated "Acute cannabis administration can induce memory impairments, sometimes persisting months following abstinence. There is no evidence that residual effects on cognition remain after years of abstinence… (THC) induces psychotic like states and memory impairments in healthy volunteers."
In a 2010 review, Solowij & Pesa[cxv] observed "Cannabis use impairs memory, attention, inhibitory control, executive functions and decision making, both during the period of acute intoxication and beyond, persisting for hours, days, weeks or more after the last use of cannabis… Long-term or heavy cannabis use appears to result in longer-lasting cognitive abnormalities and possibly structural brain alterations."
Summary – Cannabis & Memory
There is compelling evidence that acute cannabis intoxication causes dose-related deficits in most aspects of memory including encoding, storage and retrieval. Such deficits may be offset where cannabis contains significant levels of CBD. This effect is well-established and research into the endocannabinoid system is currently leading recent developments in understanding of memory processes. Such deficits are typically measured by laboratory tests including, for example, verbal recall or symbol matching, where small but consistent deficits can achieve statistical significance. A small minority of users report severe memory problems.
The evidence suggests that in the majority of cases, memory deficits do not persist during long periods of abstinence from the drug. Long-term users can learn mitigate the deficits by novel strategies and by using different brain pathways to encode information.
There are few reports of the effects on episodic memory, but errors of omission and even addition have been reported, tending to reflect smaller details rather than major blackouts or inventions. The few studies of long-term episodic memory find only weak associations between cannabis use and long-term memory deficits, which tend to include forgetting (particularly in cases of post-traumatic stress).
Also Read: Effects of Cannabis on Memory & Cognitive Function
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text:
absolutely disgusting
Sign up for this creative mafia business. Not overpowered like my usual game. Gonna be good.
Now I am more creative and comprehensive unlike before
Allow me to use my education to write our old style of mafia on this website
Just because you're a mod doesnt make you better than everybody else.
Curb your forum elitism, you're a bottom feeder here.
I may be the cancer of the forum but at least I dont get ridiculed by literally everybody. Even Rax doesnt get it as bad as you.
You're over.
Talk to me, Vice. I'd like to hear your full criticism of me, you can be as harsh as you want and don't try to hold back.
sounds like a fucking ordeal to me bro. I get that some people are fucking annoying as shit but do you really have to make it your sworn duty to tangle with them every time they say something stupid? Its like saying NO! every time a dog barks. If its fruitless, why do it?
not really but you could be so fucking chill if you weren't such a hardass, its just a bit disappointing.
u know if u just eased the fuck up you'd have a lot more fun right
ur really fixated on creating drama and honestly i cant figure out why
maybe you just like to be at constant odds with people
maybe you're venting
you seem like a good dude when you're not freaking out about the littlest things so why not show that side of you more?
guess some people were just born to hate
why cant weeee be friends ♫
Send an Instant Message to VICE Using...
A whole lot of boredom
Pretty Flacko Jr.
Sword of the Morning
King of Connect 4

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Click photo to enlarge
|Click photo to enlarge
Murphy's Creek Cemetery
Murphy's Creek, Gatton Shire, Queensland, Australia
Cemetery Road, Murphy Creek, Qld
To get to this cemetery, turn onto Murphy's Creek Road off the New England Highway. Travel down the range and turn left onto Cemetery Road in Murphy's Creek. It is on the right after you hit gravel road.
Gatton Shire Council operates three well maintained cemeteries. This cemetery, the Gatton Cemetery and the Caffey Cemetery.
This is not a complete listing of burials! The records below were provided by contributors to Interment.net. Last edited Sep 19, 2006. Total records = 16.
Contributor's Index:
- [TS] Toni Sargent [email@example.com]
Cemetery Records
Handley, Emma, b. 1870, d. 1919, w/o James Handley, [TS]
Handley, James William, b. 3 Jun 1866, d. 23 Feb 1906, h/o Emma Handley, Lies with Emma, [TS]
Kerr, Janet, d. 12 Oct 1908, age: 87yr, [TS]
Kerr, Richard, d. ?? Aug ??, [TS]
Kunkel, George, d. 29 Mar 1915, age: 50?yr, s/w George Michael, [TS]
Kunkel, Mary (??), d. 1919, [TS]
McDonald, Mary, b. Scotland, d. 13 May 1888, age: 68yr, w/o Archibald McDonald, d/o Dugald McGregor, [TS]
Michael, George, no dates, [TS]
Montgomery, Dorothy (?), d. 15 Aug ??, age: 84yr, [TS]
Montgomery, Edith Gertude, d. 29 Jun 1966, age: 81yr, [TS]
Montgomery, James, d. 20 May 1966, age: 81yr, lies with Edith Gertrude, [TS]
Montgomery, Janet, d. ?? Apr ??, age: 31?yr, [TS]
Montgomery, John, no dates, age: ?7yr, [TS]
Montgomery, Robert, d. ?? Jul 1916 (?), age: 26?yr, s/w Janet & William, [TS]
Montgomery, William, d. 3 Nov 1960, age: 17yr, [TS]
Quinn, John Thomas, b. 1949, d. 1994, [TS]
Death Records (United States)
- U.S. Newspapers, 50-State Full Search (1690-current) - GenealogyBank.com
- U.S. Obituaries, (1976-current) - GenealogyBank.com
- Newspaper Funeral Notices - GenealogyBank.com


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The "Optimizing Cell Line Development" meeting features experts sharing their case studies and anecdotes that illustrate the strategies they use to reach enhanced expression and lower costs. Their research and experiences provide meaningful insights into how to best select cell lines and hosts, and develop high-producers into late-stage production. Gaining a greater understanding of cells through sequencing and the omic sciences will also be addressed, including the CHO genome research, metabolomics, assays, and QPCR. In addition, challenges for introducing new technologies will be discussed, along with an overview of industrial trends and regulatory perspectives.
Day 1 | Day 2 | Short Courses | Download Brochure | Speaker Bios
Suggested Short Course*
Bioprocess Development: Considerations for the Quality and Safety of Materials in Contact with Biologics
Thursday, August 21, 6:30-9:00 pm
*Separate registration required
Thursday, August 21
1:55 pm Chairperson's Remarks
Jesús Zurdo, Ph.D., Head, Innovation, Biopharma Development, Lonza Biologics plc
Moving Beyond the Off-the-Shelf CHO Host to New Improved Expression Hosts
Scott Estes, Ph.D., Director, Cell Culture Development, Biogen Idec, Inc.
CHO does not have a dedicated secretory phenotype and may be ill-equipped to handle the elevated secretory load incurred during the production of biologics. To facilitate a rational selection of candidate targets, we mined published genome wide screens to identify key regulators of secretion. These targets were overexpressed in CHO cells and the resulting engineered hosts studied to determine their ability to express mAbs. Of the fourteen genes investigated, we identified one, a small GTP-binding protein, which significantly improved productivity.
2:45 Evolving to a Rational Bioprocess Model: Applying Lessons from Global Metabolomics of a CHO Process at Lab and Manufacturing Scale
Amanda Lanza, Ph.D., Scientist, Bristol Myers Squibb Co.
Traditional Bioprocess development is empirical, requiring a large number of experiments for each cell line and process. The result is both time-consuming and labor intensive. Furthermore, a small number of extracellular metrics are used almost exclusively to make key decisions. Alternatively, an ideal approach would be rationally driven, combining extracellular and systems-level intracellular data to guide Bioprocess development. Here we discuss the application of global, unbiased metabolomics on a CHO cell process at both lab and manufacturing scale, and how these findings can be used to refine the development approach. Finally, we discuss how metabolomics profiles and phenotypes observed at the process level can be used to guide future cell line development.
3:15 Optimization of the CHEF1 CHO Expression Platform
Howard Clarke, Ph.D., Director, Upstream Process Development, CMC Biologics
The Chinese Hamster Elongation Factor 1a (CHEF1) platform is designed for the manufacture of recombinant therapeutic proteins in stable CHO cells using chemically defined media. CHEF1 expression has been shown to improve yield over CMV-controlled plasmids in CHO cells and is associated with growth, such that titer increases with volumetric productivity. Recent integration of CMV regulatory domains into the CHEF1 plasmid has led to increased productivity in the later-stage process, increasing production duration and overall yield.
3:45 Sponsored Presentation (Opportunity Available)
4:00 Refreshment Break in the Exhibit Hall with Poster Viewing
4:45 Applicability of Readily Grown Mice Cell Lines in Culture for Melanoma Research
Molly Jenkins, Ph.D., Research Fellow, Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College
Transgenic mouse models allow the study of melanoma in vivo, however in vitro models are necessary to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression and therapy resistance. We have established melanoma cell lines (Dartmouth Murine Mutant Malignant Melanoma; D4M cells) from a conditional mouse model of metastatic melanoma. Here, we report the characterization of these lines, and demonstrate their unique ability to correlate in vitro studies on molecular mechanisms of melanoma with in vivo investigations on pathology and immunology.
5:15 CHippO: Manipulation of the Hippo Signaling Pathway in CHO to Produce a Superior Host for Recombinant Protein Expression
John Follit, Ph.D., Scientist I, Cell Line TechnolMolly Jenkins, Ph.D., Research Fellow, Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth Collegeogy, Biogen Idec, Inc.
The Hippo signaling pathway controls cell proliferation and organ size by activating Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1). We hypothesized that altering the Hippo pathway may result in an engineered host cell with an improved bioprocessing phenotype. To this end, we created Yap1 overexpressing CHO cells (CHippO) and auditioned the new host with model monoclonal antibodies. CHippO cells exhibited significant boosts in mAb expression with top clones from the engineering CHIPPO host achieving titers up to three times higher than clones arising from an unmodified host.
5:45 End of Day
5:45-6:30 Dinner Short Course Registration
6:30-9:00 Bioprocess Development: Considerations for the Quality and Safety of Materials in Contact with Biologics *
Premier Sponsors:


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|Granulation of
the Photosphere
|Granulation near sunspot group
|Granulation region
In these columns hot gas rises with a velocity of several kilometers per second (this can be confirmed by Doppler shift measurements). The tops of these columns are the brighter gray-white cells seen in the granulation images. The hot gas then cools at the top of the column and sinks down in the darker regions surrounding each granule.
Thus, granulation just represents the tops of convection currents that
are transferring heat from below the solar surface to the surface. In that
sense, granules are a little like the tops of cumulus clouds in the Earth's
atmosphere, which are also associated with convection currents.


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Atlantic Tour can help you with booking hotel, hospedaje and room reservations for travelers on any budget. We can book accommodation in Bluefields, Corn Islands, Pearl Lagoon and even on the Pacific side including Managua, Granada, Leon…you name it!
Upcoming events:
The 2013 Atlantic Coast Series of Baseball will be held in Pearl Lagoon from 8 March – 22 March. Reserve now because rooms are filling up fast!
Semana Santa or Easter week is the last week in March. You can bet it will be pretty tough to find rooms on Corn Island during that time.
Maypole festival in Bluefields brings people from all over the country (and international) to watch the carnival and tulululu parade. Don't miss this one!
Of course, the Caribbean coast is also a great place to visit any time of year, so let us know when you are thinking of coming down and we can help you organize lodging, transport and even activities!
Contact us for more information!


text:
How will Hero Extreme Sports for driving 60 km daily with good mileage and power?
1 Answers
This bike is suitable for your need and priority as it is powered by 149.2cc air cooled 4 stroke single cylinder OHC engine which produces maximum power of 11.64 KW (15.6 BHP) @ 8500 rpm and maximum torque of 13.50 NM @ 7000 rpm and mated with 5 speed constant mesh gears, featured with tubeless tyres, kerb weight is 147 kg. The ARAI mileage of Hero Extreme Sports is 62 kmpl while the mileage as per users experience in the city is 50 kmpl and on highway is 55 kmpl.
The ex-showroom New Delhi price of this bike as on 31.07.2015 is:
Self Start Double Disc Brake Alloy Wheel Rs. 75,725
Self Start Disc Brake Alloy Wheel Rs. 72,625
For more information about this bike please visit Bikeportal website page


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Mechanical Engineering and Manufacturing (with Industrial Placement)
UCAS Code: HH36
Bachelor of Engineering (with Honours) - BEng (Hon)
Entry requirements
A level
Access to HE Diploma
Pass Access to HE Diploma in Science or Engineering with 112 UCAS tariff points including 18 credits at Merit in Maths
International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme
Including grade 5 in Higher Level Maths
BTEC in Engineering with merit in Maths for Engineers and Further Maths for Engineers units
UCAS Tariff
Points can be from any qualification on the UCAS tariff, but must include at least 80 points from A levels BTEC Subsidiary Diploma, Diploma or Extended Diploma OCR Cambridge Technical Introductory Diploma, Diploma or Extended Diploma CACHE Diploma or Extended Diploma Irish Leaving Certificate Scottish Highers Welsh Baccalaureate Advanced Diploma or a combination of appropriate Level 3 qualifications
About this course
At the University of Hull, you will benefit from a real-world, hands-on approach. You will receive a broad-based mechanical engineering education with an emphasis on the practical application of theory within our manufacturing workshops, which boast a range of industry-standard equipment and computer technology. You will emerge into a rapidly expanding sector with a choice of careers in which to apply your sought-after expertise and commercial awareness. Combine this with the opportunity to boost your employability by spending your penultimate year applying the theory learned to real life projects on industrial placement. Alternatively, study at one of our partner institutions in Europe, Asia, North America or Australia. Visit our website to find out more.
Tuition fees
Select where you currently live to see what you'll pay:
The Uni
The University of Hull
School of Engineering and Computer Science
Calculate your living costs
See how much you'll need to live on at your chosen university, with our student budget calculator.See your living costs
What students say
We've crunched the numbers to see if overall student satisfaction here is high, medium or low compared to students studying this subject(s) at other universities.
How do students rate their degree experience?
The stats below relate to the general subject area/s at this university, not this specific course. We show this where there isn't enough data about the course, or where this is the most detailed info available to us.
Mechanical engineering
Teaching and learning
Assessment and feedback
Resources and organisation
Student voice
Who studies this subject and how do they get on?
Most popular A-Levels studied (and grade achieved)
After graduation
The stats in this section relate to the general subject area/s at this university – not this specific course. We show this where there isn't enough data about the course, or where this is the most detailed info available to us.
Mechanical engineering
What are graduates doing after six months?
This is what graduates told us they were doing (and earning), shortly after completing their course. We've crunched the numbers to show you if these immediate prospects are high, medium or low, compared to those studying this subject/s at other universities.
Top job areas of graduatesWhat do graduate employment figures really tell you?
We're short of engineers in a lot of areas and mechanical engineering is no exception. Mechanical engineers are in demand across multiple industries, with vehicle manufacturing most popular, with roles especially common in design and manufacturing. Other important sectors include aerospace, the oil and gas industry, consultancy and defence. Jobs are all around the country, with London, the Midlands, Scotland and the South East the most likely places for a new mechanical engineer to find work at the moment, and starting salaries are good. Although large employers are much the most likely place to get work, some of the most challenging, cutting edge jobs are with small niche engineering firms, so keep your eyes peeled if you want something a little different. Bear in mind that a lot of courses are four years long, and lead to an MEng qualification — this is necessary if you want to become a Chartered Engineer.
What about your long term prospects?
Looking further ahead, below is a rough guide for what graduates went on to earn.
Mechanical engineering
The graph shows median earnings of graduates who achieved a degree in this subject area one, three and five years after graduating from here.
Note: this data only looks at employees (and not those who are self-employed or also studying) and covers a broad sample of graduates and the various paths they've taken, which might not always be a direct result of their degree.
Explore these similar courses...
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Course location and department:
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We've received this information from the Department for Education, via Ucas. This is how the university as a whole has been rated for its quality of teaching: gold silver or bronze. Note, not all universities have taken part in the TEF.
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This information comes from the National Student Survey, an annual student survey of final-year students. You can use this to see how satisfied students studying this subject area at this university, are (not the individual course).
We calculate a mean rating of all responses to indicate whether this is high, medium or low compared to the same subject area at other universities.
Have a question about this info? Learn more here
This information is from the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA).
You can use this to get an idea of who you might share a lecture with and how they progressed in this subject, here. It's also worth comparing typical A-level subjects and grades students achieved with the current course entry requirements; similarities or differences here could indicate how flexible (or not) a university might be.
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Post-six month graduation stats:
This is from the Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education Survey, based on responses from graduates who studied the same subject area here.
It offers a snapshot of what grads went on to do six months later, what they were earning on average, and whether they felt their degree helped them obtain a 'graduate role'. We calculate a mean rating to indicate if this is high, medium or low compared to other universities.
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Graduate field commentary:
The Higher Education Careers Services Unit have provided some further context for all graduates in this subject area, including details that numbers alone might not show
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The Longitudinal Educational Outcomes dataset combines HRMC earnings data with student records from the Higher Education Statistics Agency.
While there are lots of factors at play when it comes to your future earnings, use this as a rough timeline of what graduates in this subject area were earning on average one, three and five years later. Can you see a steady increase in salary, or did grads need some experience under their belt before seeing a nice bump up in their pay packet?
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text:
Understanding Your CP72 Notice
You may have claimed a frivolous position on your tax return. A frivolous return is identified when some information on the return has no basis in the law.
What you need to do
- File a corrected return within 30 days of the notice
You may want to
- Review this notice with your tax preparer
- Read about deductions and credits in Publication 17
- Call us at the number shown on your notice
- Review the Publication 2105 you received
Answers to Common Questions
What is this notice telling me?
Based on information on your return, it appears you have taken a frivolous position. A frivolous position is one that has no basis in the law.
What do I have to do?
Within 30 days of the notice date, you must file a corrected return removing the frivolous position. If you don't, a penalty of $5000 can be assessed on each frivolous return filed.
Tax publications you may find useful
The Truth About Frivolous Tax Arguments


text:
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June 5, 2018
About the author
Eva Piccolo
Eva Piccolo is a long-time Santa Clarita resident and has been with The Signal since January 2015. After raising her family and working in Customer Service, Eva brings her administrative and organizational skills to our newspaper.
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For the first time since its inception, the Startup Games networking and charity event came to Colorado on October 15th for a fun day of competition in the name of good causes. High-growth startups in the community each donated money to play while also earning cash for their chosen charities.
This past May I had the opportunity to meet Sara Reeves, the Program Director of the Startup Games, and for months I worked with her to organize and bring the Startup Games to Denver. In the process I became not only a community advisor in finding volunteers and organizations to participate, but I also took on the role of Head Referee for the entire event. Continue reading


text:
Not living in New York City, I don't think much about the long-term effects of 9/11 on its residents. But a new web series called Anyone But Me brings awareness of the challenges of growing up in a generation that doesn't remember life pre-9/11. The first episode premiered Monday on Strike TV (thanks to Kate Clinton for the link).
Lesbian writer/creator Tina Cesa Ward blogs about her motivation for creating Anyone But Me:
Susan Miller, the "one-breasted, Jewish, bisexual lesbian mom" who won an Obie Award for My Left Breast and is a writer/producer for The L Word, is co-creator of the web series.
The story opens as 16-year-old Vivian McMillan (Rachael Hip-Flores) breaks the news to her girlfriend, Aster (Nicole Pacent), that she's leaving NYC. Vivian's dad, Gabe (Dan Via), is a firefighter with respiratory problems resulting from being a part of the 9/11 rescue effort. Gabe's health has forced him to retire, so he and Vivian are moving to Westchester to start over. Unfortunately, that means Vivian has to be separated from the love of her life.
Here's the trailer:
Ward and Miller also explore the many levels of coming out. Vivian is comfortable with her sexuality, but in a new high school and a new neighborhood, she essentially has to come out over and over.
Although the first episode mostly was setup for the story, I was glad to see the relationship between Vivian and Aster treated as a non-issue. Vivian kissed Aster goodbye with her dad waiting in the car without as much as a glance back to see if Gabe was watching. And the chemistry between the two girls is undeniable. I like both of the actresses a lot, too. I especially love Hip-Flores' voice.
Watch the first episode of Anyone But Me and let us know what you think. I, for one, am looking forward to seeing more.
Anyone But Me: Episode 1 "Heavy"
Editor's note: Starting next week, we'll be running this as a video series on AfterEllen.com, so look for the second episode here on Monday.


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I can't download the Ganbare Goemon Art Book from the home page. It's something I believe would be really good as a reference for some 3D models I've got coming up of Goemon.
Could anybody supply me with a new download link? Preferably megaupload, although any site will do.
I already answered this in this thread, and sadly the situation hasn't changed.
When I first became an admin of this site, I downloaded all the content I could and kept it on a external HDD for safekeeping. Sadly, the HDD died and took everything with it, meaning that my version of the art book is lost. It's potential that any other member might have it still, or the other admins, but my copy is lost.
To make matters worse, Fileden, our filehost, has this nasty habit of deleting itself every few months if you don't login since we use free accounts cause we're cheapskates. The account holding the artbook got deleted, and so was everything in that section. This means that it can't be redownloaded, either.
I'd either have to ask someone else for it, or somehow recover the file. I'd be more than happy to give it to you, if I had it. Sorry to not be more help.
However, on the subject of 3D modelling, did you know that using a specific plugin for an Emulator (Called simply "Lemmy's Plugin"), you can dump N64 scenes and then open them in the Open Source 3D modelling tool Blender? Here's a guide on how to do it.


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BTS is one of the best games I've ever played since The Last of Us. I don't want to spoil it, but the soundtracks, motion capture, and performances teamed up the harmonic-dramatic theme of the story and an opportunity to all the possiblities in Jodie's life gives the player an amazing experience.
Yes, Beyond two souls is worth getting. I agree, there are certain points ( two to be exact) in the game where the story gets boring and/or bad, but the other portion of the story makes you crave for more! It certainly is a one of a kind game, focused on storrytelling and not so much action. It's like "playing a movie". Last but not least, the performances of both Williem Dafoe and Ellen Page are spectacular in the least. So, in summary, while it may have it's flaws, it's a great game worth throwing your money to if you like that sort of gameplay.
Right now isn't the best time, but once it's a little cheaper, it's a good "game" to take out for a spin. The problem is while it's great on spectacle the interaction leaves a lot to be desired, it doesn't feel like a game in a lot of ways. There's a lot of good there that's worth seeing, but wait until you're being asked to give up a little less to see it.
No, Beyond Two Souls is not worth getting, because there is nothing that makes it unique. There are so many choices in video games today, and there isn't really anything about Beyond Two Souls that makes it special. It is just another video game, and there is not really any reason to buy this game over any other.


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Top 10 Ways To Screw Up a Relationship With The Woman You Love
Okay Gentlemen, Take Notes
Ladies, you know that we are true art enthusiasts at heart because we all know what it means to see a beautiful painting from far away, and realize how quickly it changes once we spend time examining the specks. In case you're wondering what this has to do with the article, then know that I'm talking about men. They change. They grow or should I say in some cases turn sour. And while there are many out there that are just a dream this article goes out to those that don't seem to have a clue as to what may or may not piss us off as women. So to all the confused fellas, this is for you.
1. Wait, Who Are You Again?
It never fails. You meet a guy and think you know him and all of a sudden, presto, he turns into somebody else. This is the best kind of magic I've ever seen. Or should I say, acting. What happened to the days when guys offered spending time with you to get to know you and have fun and actually meant it? Seems as though once they've conquered their mission, sex, they let the gloves off. They reveal their true identity. You know, the one that doesn't give a crap. Guys there are many ladies out there who are willing match your intent. Some gals really just want sex too. Stop pretending to be the guy of a gal's dreams just to get what you want. It's beyond lame and in this day and age, quite dangerous.
2. Liar, Liar Pants On Fire
Alright ladies, let's stop asking guys to look us in the eyes and tell us the truth. It doesn't work. They lie anyway. They're amazing at it. Some claim they learned it from us. Yeah, whatever! It doesn't make it right. Now am I saying that I really want to know that you've sleep with nearly 100 women before you met me. No! But if I ask you this question, it is so much better to be smooth about it and say something like "I'm not going to lie. I've been with a lot of women. But that was my past and you are my future. To me, right now, that's all that matters." I would gladly accept an answer like that and move on than to hear "I've only had 2 serious relationships." Yet my homegals fill me in on the fact that you used to attempt to collect any girl's number you could get your hands on. Really, dude. Really!
3. Hello. Are You Listening To Me?
Sure we ladies do talk a lot. But that only means we have a need to be heard. Guys, are they really listening? Not all the time. How about the classic nod and constant yeah while they watch tv or play video games? This is not something hard to do yet for them it is. When women move on to someone else, one of the reasons they will give is that the guy they are with listens to them. Remember gentlemen, you don't have to have all the answers. We just have to know you care enough to pay attention to the problems.
4. So You Say She's Just A Friend
If you are my man, why do you need a female friend who's not my friend? Why would I want some other chick I don't know to know all my business? Unless, you're out making a life with her as well, I don't see the need for a friend like that. I just don't buy the just a friend bid. A guy is all for getting calls from other women and they immediately claim friendship until the shoe is on the other foot. Respect the feelings of your girl by adoring her above all others. If you really love her, you wouldn't even second guess a decision like dropping the flies to commit to the queen bee.
5. Romance? No Chance!
You don't have to deliver a dozen fresh red roses everyday to provide a little romance in the relationship. Just saying "I love you" ain't enough. There comes a time when you have to show it. Get creative and make it special. This is something that you and her will remember for the rest of your lives. When you are too old to do most of the things you can do now, don't you want be able to reminisce on moments that were priceless. Not ones filled with the routine activities of life. But the ones that you know were worth living with the girl you felt you couldn't live without.
6. I'm Right. You're Wrong. So What.
When two people can't get along, someone always have to be right. Guys you don't have to be right to do the right thing. We make mistakes and sometimes we need to know that when we're wrong, you are willing to help our mistakes instead of criticize them. We can be pretty emotional when it comes to taking criticism from the one we love. And guys, when you are the ones who are wrong, be willing to admit it. Don't let your pride keep you from making up in the relationship because you're unwilling to accept guilt. We are able to forgive if you are willing to allow some change in your life. It's all about working together.
7. Your Ego Is As Big As A Rainbow. And It Ain't Pretty.
When a guy knows he's got it together, he can be unbearable to be around. You suddenly find yourself in a relationship where you are doing all the work, the calling, caring, loving, etc. Guys stop using your looks, sex, and anything else you have to lure women to do what you want. At some point in your life you're going to realize this game you're playing is a living nightmare to the women you've lured in the game with you. And things have a way of coming back around, only it brings a double portion of what was put out. Be careful.
8. You Don't Understand!
Funny how women take on a mountain of emotional pressure and men sit back and seem to utter "you'll be alright". They so minimize our feelings. Guys, I know that you will never be able to truly know what a woman goes through but it doesn't mean that you shouldn't do everything you can to try an be as supportive and sympathetic to those needs and feelings. Being understanding is not an act, it's an attitude, and you're attitude should be one of complete assistance to the one you love.
9. Do You Really Want Me?
Some women feel as though they have to compete for their men's affections daily. You have online porn, magazines, videos, movies and every other media outlet out there that reminds women of their imperfections. The moment a guy pays more attention to another woman by staring at her in front of his woman, watching her booty as she walks by, and even overly admiring famous beauties in the media, it gets our insecurities mounted up and standing in line. Guys, you have to understand that one of the worst things for a woman is to know that she's made you her world while feeling like you've made her your pet. Something that just cute to be around and hang out with. Now fellas, you may not be the cause of her insecurities but you should not provoke them either. There are some things you just don't do. Don't compare her to other women you've had. Don't use porn as a way substituting sex with her. Don't disrespect her by constantly staring at other women in her presence. It's considered a low blow.
10. Do I Always Have To Do Everything
Ever felt like your man was your child? It's not hard to feel that way. Most of us cook, clean, do the laundry, take care of household needs, make sure the bills are paid on time and take care of the kids. It can seem as though we do it all. If this is your life, men, you must step up and take some pressure off your lovely lady. She needs it. If not, she'll be extremely burnt out which would be the cause of many arguments even if those arguments that have entirely nothing to do with housework. Give her a break once in a while. Make a plan that once or twice a week, you'll be the one taking the responsiblities of the household all on your own. A less stressed woman equals a happy household. Trust.
Time To Dish
Alright ladies, what are your thoughts additions and feelings. Time to tell 'em straight and save some couples that are on rocky roads. Learning is the best key to growing. I look forward to reading your responses.
You write, "If this is your life, men, you must step up and take some pressure off your lovely lady. She needs it. If not, she'll be extremely burnt out which would be the cause of many arguments even if those arguments that have entirely nothing to do with housework. Give her a break once in a while. Make a plan that once or twice a week, you'll be the one taking the responsiblities of the household all on your own. "
When the wife is worn from a job, the children, their activities, the house cleaning, laundry, the cooking, dropping off kids and picking them up, how can she always be ready to take care of bedroom needs when she is battered? This is the time that men who do not want to step in and help pretend that it is their right to be with other women. They are not that dumb; they know that their wives have many jobs to perform.
Before I married my husband, I informed him that if he wanted a maid, he needed to hire one before the wedding. If not, household work and any kids were ours to share. He had a chance to back out. If anything around the house went undone, even cooking, he was satisfied with quick fixings and never complained. Did this pave the way and solve problems? Well, not quite, but, when jobs were not done, he did not complain. If he did not want to do anything to help, he did not do it. Yes, I had most of the homework, but he was careful to never complain about any lacking. If I did not have time to prepare supper, he was careful to zip his lips. He went out for something, put together leftovers, or warmed canned soup and made sandwiches. That worked.


text:
Please Select
Option 1 WLIL2015
Option 2 WLIL2023 + £40.00
Option 3 WLIL2030 + £74.00
Option 4 WLIL2038 + £120.00
Option 5 WLIL2045 + £160.00
The Radiator Company Water Lily Single Vertical Designer Radiator in Colour
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This popular favourite has very clean simple lines as well as an excellent finish. The Water Lily replaces the Lily, maintaining the sleek appearance and B2 connections, but with a higher output.
Product Information
Available in 12 RAL colours including white 9010 as standard plus 5 special finishes.
Available in 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 panel columns and 1 height. Please select the size you require from the drop down menu which indicates the surcharge over the base price for the size you require. Delivery for stocked lines is 3-5 days, made to order sizes 6 weeks.
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