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Preterm Fetal Growth Restriction and Developmental Care
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00166660
Recruitment Status : Unknown
Verified March 2009 by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).
Recruitment status was: Recruiting
First Posted : September 14, 2005
Last Update Posted : April 3, 2009
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- Results Submitted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Condition or disease
|Preterm Birth
|Behavioral: NIDCAP (Newborn Individualized Developmental Care)
|Phase 2
The protocol aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of an intervention geared to significantly improve functional competence for preterm infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR). Incidence of FGR is estimated to be as high as 5% of the general obstetric population. Preterms with FGR are doubly jeopardized. Aside from much higher mortality rates they also show significantly increased morbidity rates, including significant learning disabilities and school failure (>50%). The intervention's underlying premise holds that it is far more effective to support the immature brain, which is compromised by FGR, to develop optimally before the infant reaches full term rather than to attempt to ameliorate increasingly deviant development after deviance has occurred. The goal of the project is to show the effectiveness of individualized developmental care and intervention, which begins with the FGR preterm infant's admission to the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) and extends to 2 weeks (w) after full term equivalent age or 2w CA (corrected age for prematurity). Intervention in the NICU is considered more advantageous for the infant's later development than delay of intervention until after discharge home. The proposal maintains that the last trimester of gestation is a critical period for brain development, especially when compromised by FGR. In-NICU intervention at this critical brain development time is expected to reduce the infants' hypersensitivity and reactivity while in the NICU, and to lead to reduction of the high incidence of behavioral problems in infancy, which frequently foreshadows later behavioral and learning problems as well as school failure.
The study aims to test three related hypotheses:
- Individualized developmental NICU care and intervention will enhance FGR preterm infants' brain development both functionally and structurally.
- The in-NICU intervention will improve the parents' understanding of their infant's individuality and equip them to feel more competent as parents.
- The intervention itself, while individualized for each infant, will be quantifiable and reliably reproducible.
The study will:
- Test the effectiveness of the intervention by assessing brain development and functional adaptation of a high risk preterm population (n=30) with documented intrauterine FGR and born between 28 and 33w gestational age.
- Assess the FGR preterm infants' neurodevelopment within one week from birth (baseline) and again at 2w CA (outcome).
- Compare the results on the effectiveness of the intervention for the FGR preterm infants to a recently studied cohort of appropriately grown (AGA) preterm infants born at comparable gestational ages, supported with the same intervention and measured in comparable ways.
The primary infant measures proposed will be brain functional (EEG coherence, neurobehavioral functioning) and brain structural assessments (MRI). The goal will be to examine the direct causal connections and correlations among population characteristics, the intervention, and ultimate outcome at 2w CA. The project is expected to deliver comprehensive and substantive results in favor of the developmental NICU intervention for FGR preterm infants as well as for the earlier studied AGA population. The proposed study is expected to demonstrate intervention effectiveness in improving FGR preterm infants' neurodevelopment. It is anticipated that the intervention-based improvement in brain structure and function will set the stage for improvement in later performance, especially in terms of behavioral/emotional adaptation, learning and school achievement, which are all critical for life success.
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Estimated Enrollment :
|30 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Preterm Fetal Growth Restriction and Developmental Care
|Study Start Date :
|July 2004
|Estimated Primary Completion Date :
|December 2008
|Estimated Study Completion Date :
|June 2009
- Behavioral: NIDCAP (Newborn Individualized Developmental Care)
The NIDCAP model aims to create a relationship-based developmentally supportive care environment for the preterm infant and family. The theory proposes that care implementation that takes into account the infants' thresholds of disorganization is most supportive of long term outcome. Specifically, the intervention consisted of weekly neurobehavioral observations and reports of the experimental group infants' behavior with suggestions for parents and staff in ways to support each infant's development. The developmental specialists formally observed each infant's behavior weekly throughout the hospitalization, starting with the phase of the infant's initial stabilization, and then every seven days throughout hospital discharge and to 2wCA.
- Assessment of Preterm Infants' Behavior (APIB) [ Time Frame: 2 weeks corrected age (2w CA) ]
- Quantified Electroencephalography (qEEG) [ Time Frame: 2 weeks Corrected Age (2w CA) ]
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) [ Time Frame: 2 weeks Corrected Age (2w CA) ]
- Parent Stress Level [ Time Frame: 2 weeks Corrected Age (2w CA) ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|28 Weeks to 33 Weeks (Child)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Inborn at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
- Gestational age ≥28 and ≤33 weeks
- Doppler diagnosed absent or reversed end-diastolic umbilical artery flow velocity
- Less than 5th percentile in birthweight and head circumference for gestational age
Exclusion Criteria:
- Major chromosomal or congenital anomalies
- Major congenital infections
- Significant prenatal diagnosed focal brain lesions
- Uncontrolled maternal illness
- History of smoking, alcoholism, and use of illicit drugs
- History of significant maternal deprivation, abuse, or malnutrition
- No telephone access and/or insufficient English language facility
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00166660
|Contact: Heidelise Als, PhD
|United States, Massachusetts
|Brigham and Women's Hospital
|Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115
|Contact: Heidelise Als, PhD 617-355-8249 firstname.lastname@example.com
|Principal Investigator: Simon Warfield, PhD
|Children's Hospital Boston
|Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115
|Contact: Heidelise Als, PhD 617-355-8249 email@example.com
|Principal Investigator:
|Heidelise Als, PhD
|Boston Children's Hospital
|Responsible Party:
|Heidelise Als, PhD, Children's Hospital Boston
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00166660 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
R01HD046855 ( U.S. NIH Grant/Contract )
|First Posted:
|September 14, 2005 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|April 3, 2009
|Last Verified:
|March 2009
Keywords provided by Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD):
Preterm infants
Developmental Care
Fetal Growth Restriction
Parent Stress
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Premature Birth
Fetal Growth Retardation
Obstetric Labor, Premature
Obstetric Labor Complications
Pregnancy Complications
Fetal Diseases
Growth Disorders
Pathologic Processes


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When roofing repair or new roofing in Bergen County NJ is what you're looking for, it's essential to find an expert. This is the reason local residents rely on the professionals at Leaf Free Home Improvements. Whether you're getting ready to put your home on the market and have to make it look its very best, or you're simply hoping to do some spring cleaning now that winter is nearly over, Leaf Free Home Improvements has all of the services you could possibly require. While a large number of people think about the interior of their home often, the home's exterior is something which unfortunately is taken for granted many times. Your roof and siding are what keep your interior walls and floor safe from the elements, which is particularly essential in our local region during the wet winter and spring months. Winter snowfall is able to leave large deposits of leaves and debris behind when it eventually melts away, which means you can get stuck with a big mess to clean up when spring finally arrives. At Leaf Free, we're here to make sure your home is as structurally sound as possible no matter what time of year it may be because we're aware of the fact that aesthetic concerns are just the beginning. Ensuring you install a new roof whenever your roof shows signs of possible failure is one of the most essential aspects of this. Don't hesitate to call the experts at Leaf Free when you're looking for a specialist for a new roof in Demarest NJ.
Roofing Bergen County NJ
It may be absolutely essential to see a qualified roofing service in Bergen County NJ for a new roof or roofing repair. An old roof is hazardous to the people inside the home together with the home itself and its structural integrity. Mold and water damage can be caused by an aging or failing roof because it's potentially capable of leaking. When faced with weather that's particularly bad or falling debris it's even capable of collapsing. If you have a strong roof however, it's going to be capable of making sure debris and weather are kept outside. It is essential to ensure water damage does not occur in the attic or between the roof and the home's ceiling. This is because hazardous contaminants which are difficult to spot, like mold, are capable of being the result. Keeping the home warm and dry, with a strong roof and strong siding is the best way to keep these contaminants out of the home. If you need roofing repair in Demarest NJ to make certain you have the strongest roof possible, make Leaf Free your first call.
Roofing Contractor Demarest NJ
Calling a professional roof contractor in Bergen County NJ for repair services can mean you can avoid the need for a new roof entirely in many circumstances. An entirely new roof isn't going to be necessary. If a section of the shingling or other roofing material has been compromised you might only need part of the roof repaired. While you may not know what course of action is going to be best for you and your house, with a comprehensive evaluation our experienced staff will. Our team is happy to assist you in remaining under budget and avoid full replacement service when roofing repair is a less costly and more efficient alternative which is capable of working just as well for your home. This is why it's such a wise idea to call us if you need a roofing service in Demarest NJ.
New Roofing Bergen County NJ
When you're in need of a commercial or residential roofing contractor in Bergen County NJ for any type of new roofing or roofing repair, our goal at Leaf Free Home Improvements is being the first call you make. To that end we make sure that we do not just supply the best possible craftsmanship but additionally the best possible quality products to ensure you have a roof which is going to offer protection for years to come. We provide high quality roofing products from trusted manufacturers, including Owens Corning, Timberline, Royal Sovereign, and many more. You aren't just protected by the manufacturers' guarantees with these products either, but a 10-year guarantee on the work which is supplied by our experts is also something you're capable of depending on. Not many roofing companies in the local area are going to offer this kind of guarantee, which is all the more reason to make sure Leaf Free Home Improvements is your first call. Are you in need of a commercial or residential roofing contractor in Demarest NJ for installation or repair services? Make certain your first call is Leaf Free Home Improvements.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Dell OpenManage Deployment Toolkit (DTK) includes a set of utilities, sample scripts, and sample configuration files that you need to deploy and configure your Dell system. You can use DTK to build script-based and RPM-based installation for deploying large number of systems on a pre-operating system environment in a reliable way, without changing their current deployment processes.
In addition to the command line utilities used to configure various system features, DTK also provides sample scripts and configuration files to perform common deployment tasks and documentation. These files and scripts describe the use of the DTK in Microsoft Windows Pre-installation Environment (Windows PE) and Linux environments.


text:
EASTCHESTER, N.Y. – House hunting in Eastchester and Tuckahoe? There will be several open houses on the market this weekend.
The houses on display include a four-bedroom house at 40 Ridge Street in Eastchester listed for $799,000 and a four-bedroom house at 226 Read Ave. in Tuckahoe listed for $549,000 .
For more open houses this weekend visit our Real Estate page.
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.


text:
Casebook: Episode III - Snake in the Grass Credits (Windows)
Published by
Developed by
Critic Score
100 point score based on reviews from various critics.
User Score
5 point score based on user ratings.
Casebook: Episode III - Snake in the Grass Credits
Other Games
In addition to this game, the following people are listed as working on other games. No more than 25 people are listed here, even if there are more than 25 people who have also worked on other games.
James Doyle, 22 other games
Jeffery Laird, 8 other games
Joel Timpson, 5 other games
Graham Aldridge, 4 other games
Sam Clarkson, 4 other games
Emma Smith, 4 other games
Tom Bell, 3 other games
Kieran Smith, 3 other games
Zoe Linsell, 3 other games
Grant Brewer, 3 other games
Graham Hambleton, 3 other games
Evan Sunley James, 3 other games
Nathan Farquhar, 3 other games
Haden Raw, 3 other games
Sam Barham, 3 other games
George Sealy, 3 other games
Luke Reid, 3 other games
Andrew Williams, 3 other games
Henry Feltham, 3 other games
Jody Williams, 3 other games
Julian Temple, 3 other games
Justin Reid, 3 other games
People who have worked on this game have also collaborated on the creation of the following games:
Casebook: Episode II - The Watcher, a group of 24 people
Casebook: Episode 0 - The Missing Urn, a group of 23 people
Casebook: Episode 1 - Kidnapped, a group of 20 people
Credits for this game were contributed by Patrick Bregger (211106)


text:
- Former TNA Knockout Velvet Sky is now taking bookings through [email protected]
- This year's WWE Hell in a Cell pay-per-view takes place from Atlanta and will be presented by the WWE '13 video game. Tickets for the October 28th pay-per-view go on sale this Saturday, August 4th at 10am EST through Ticketmaster and the Philips Arena box office. Prices start at $25.
- Alberto Del Rio announced on last night's WWE RAW that he will not be wrestling between now and SummerSlam because he's not wrestling non-title matches. Del Rio will face World Heavyweight Champion Sheamus at SummerSlam. It will be interesting to see if they carry this angle over to live events.
Got a news tip or correction? Send it to us by clicking here.


text:
Don't let unwanted species become established in your backyard
Too often landowners delay efforts to eliminate unwanted invasive species. However, once these species are established, either on land or in the waterways, they can be very difficult to control. Early detection and rapid control response is key.
April 3, 2015 - Author: Mike Schira, Michigan State University Extension
Invasive species by definition are exotic organisms which cause ecological or economic harm to the environment. Sadly, too often we aren't aware of their negative impact until they are well established, making control difficult if not altogether unrealistic.
Any kind of life form can be considered invasive. This includes unwanted bacteria, fungi, fish, plants and animals. These invaders generally have two traits in common. First, they can reproduce and spread rapidly. Second, the agents who keep them under control in their native environments are typically absent in their new habitat. The invader may, therefore, be able to propagate unchecked and become a problem.
These unwanted species pose threats to ecological balance in multiple ways. In some cases they displace native species by disrupting their habitat and stressing or displacing all the other organisms that had been dependent on the displaced natives. Other invasive species simply kill the native trees or plants in their new habitat. Dutch elm disease, beech bark disease and emerald ash borer (EAB) are just a few of these examples. In the case of emerald ash borer, researchers recently estimated the economic costs of this pest to exceed $1.3 billion per year. This figure does not include ecological impacts and given the continuing spread of EAB, costs will only increase.
The federal government, as well as state and local agencies, has policies in place to reduce the chance that nonnative organisms will be introduced or established in the environment. Given the ever-increasing amount of global trade and travel, however, it seems inevitable that potential invaders will continue to be introduced and at least a few will threaten our natural resource ecosystems.
As citizens and residents, we can become active in helping prevent the establishment of invasives within our area of influence:
- Look for and use only native landscape species
- Don't move freshly killed or cut wood or other vegetation from one location to another (firewood for example)
- Inspect and/or sanitize equipment when relocating (for example, camp trailers or boats)
- Educate yourself on identification of important invasive species.
- Watch for "new" species that show up on your property and seek assistance for identification
Michigan State University Extension in partnership with the Michigan Natural Features Inventory (MNIF) provides information as well as publications that can be viewed or ordered from the MNIF web pages. These can help with accurate identification. Local assistance for dealing with invasives can be found by contacting your local Conservation Districts.
Other reliable sources of information include the Michigan DNR and the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. These agencies provide web pages dedicated to invasives with up to date information and links to additional material on established, new or potential environmental threats.


text:
I discovered I had issues with gluten and wheat about 3 years ago. Being a massive fan of eating out and someone who really enjoys food, I have since made it my mission to find out where the best places to eat in London are if you are Coeliac. I'll also put up my favourite recipes and other good websites/blogs that I like. All I can guarantee is that there's no gluten here. This is a gluten-free zone. Down with gluten.
Sunday, 22 February 2009
Exciting muesli news (mews?)...
Calling all breakfast lovers - the best gluten-free cereal has arrived on UK shores - WOOHOO!
It's made by Bakery On Main - a US-based company - and is now available in Wholefoods on High St Kensington.
They have three different g-f ones - I chose apple, raisin and walnut because I'm a sucker for cinnamon. It is AMAZING. Really crunchy texture and seriously delicious (and there's no sugar, or high-fructose corn syrup in there which is a bonus). It's kind of expensive at £3.99 a bag, but I'm glad I forked out and will do again in an instant - am just rationing it by mixing a little with the Doves Farm g-f cereal flakes - a great base that tastes a bit like Special K - from what I remember...!
I couldn't recommend it more highly. Haven't seen it in the Fresh&Wild in Soho when I've been recently, but let me know if it's in your local branch and I'll add that to the post...
Wake up and enjoy a properly good, textureful and delicious breakfast - YUM!
8 comments:
- Tat said...
Thanks, I'll look for it. I really appreciate your blog!
- 24 February 2009 at 17:56
- The Squig and the Sprue said...
Hi there! I just stumbled across your blog and I'm so excited! I came to London a couple of years ago right after I was diagnosed and it was a little difficult to find places to eat out! I did find a few, but now I'm looking forward to visiting again thanks to your site!
I live in the states and I noticed that you just barely started being able to get the Bakery On Main granola that we've been enjoying over here for years! I was wondering if you'd be interested in doing a food trade? If there are any items over here that you can't get over there and would like me to ship them to you? We could set up a little GF food exchange!
Let me know if you're interested! My email is firstname.lastname@example.com
- 12 March 2009 at 16:46
- Lizzie said...
Hey Kelsea - thanks so much for posting - and that sounds like a great idea! Although not sure we've got anything that you would want - I think the US is a LOT more advanced than we are here in terms of g-f stuff...!
We've got some nice stuff but probably all surpassed by US companies! Let me know if there is anything though...
- 12 March 2009 at 17:15
- Sandra Beckwith said...
I'm in the U.S. and about to visit London; I found your site when looking for gluten-free restaurants.
The Bakery on Main cereal really is yummy! I buy it all the time and I think it tastes better than the "regular" cereal I can't eat any more.
Enjoy! And thanks for the blog!
- 17 March 2009 at 19:01
- Nancy C said...
thanks SO much for this blog! I come to London at least once a year for the last fortnight or so of the "Proms" and this will be the first time since I've gone GF! I will have to give my FAVOURITE place, a crepe shop down the road from the Albert Hall, a pass (sigh) but your blog recommends will help a LOT! I look forward to trying the "Mermaid" One of my other fav things being F&C's!
thanks again.
- 22 March 2009 at 13:58
- Lizzie said...
Hi Sandra and Nancy,
Thanks so much for posting - and glad that the blog is proving useful!
Let me know if you find any other good stuff to post about on your travels...
- 22 March 2009 at 18:23
- Alexander Quin said...
Morrisons has it, and it is yummy
- 7 September 2009 at 12:48
- Gluten-free London said...
Great - thanks, Alexander - good to know!
- 7 September 2009 at 12:54


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profile | register | preferences | faq | search
Posts: 2579From: Ontario, CanadaRegistered: Oct 2010
Another example is NASA photo KSC-69P-0204 which shows both the Apollo 11 CSM and Apollo 12 CSM in the same photo.
Have you come across any other Mercury, Gemini or Apollo images that show spacecraft from different missions in the same photo?
Posts: 1519From: Greensboro, NC USARegistered: Feb 2006
NASA photo KSC-70PC-537 shows both the Apollo 14 LM and Apollo 15 LM in the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building in October 1970.
quote:Originally posted by LM-12:NASA photo KSC-70PC-537 shows both the Apollo 14 LM and Apollo 15 LM in the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building in October 1970.
Posts: 660From: Bloomington, Illinois, USARegistered: May 2005
The Apollo 14 Lunar Module (right) undergoes checkout with Apollo 15's LM-10 in the background. 16 October 1970. Scan by J.L. Pickering.
Posts: 241From: Registered: Sep 2010
Posts: 1289From: Staten Island, NYRegistered: Jun 2007
Posts: 230From: OhioRegistered: Mar 2006
The Apollo Image Gallery identifies the stages as S-IC-10, S-IC-11 and S-IC-9. Those corresponding flights would be Apollo 15, Apollo 16 and Apollo 14.
I would say that the Apollo Image Gallery is correct. Great photo.
(The fourth S-IC at the far end might be Apollo 17.)
Here is another view of the S-IC stages taken on the same day. In the background, from left to right: Apollo 15, Apollo 16, Apollo 14 and probably Apollo 17.
Posts: 17From: Melbourne, Victoria AustraliaRegistered: Jul 2015
quote:Originally posted by LM-12:Here is another view of the S-IC stages taken on the same day.
I could be wrong, but I'm sure the last Saturn V to wear this paintwork was Apollo 6. Yet Apollo 4 and Apollo 6 launched long before this photo was taken.
If these were the only two missions to wear this paintwork, why is the S-IC on the far right painted in the old paintwork? Or am I seeing something that isn't there?
Posts: 1150From: Brandon, FlRegistered: May 2012
Here is a March 1966 photo of the S-IC-F stage in the VAB. SA-500F was the first vehicle rolled out to Pad 39A.
I didn't know that S-IC-F was stored at Michoud. It would explain not only why it's present in the original photo, but also why the stage isn't being worked on.
Posts: 90From: hitchin, herts, UKRegistered: Oct 2003
In October 1968 S-IC-10 and S-IC-9 had their engines installed and S-IC-11 did not. This ties up with the photo.
At that time there were two other S-ICs at MAF. S-IC-8 had its engines installed and S-IC-F had no engines. Therefore the stage in the very background must be S-IC-F.
On the same subject of related hardware in my Saturn book I have a photo of the Skylab S-IVB OWS stage and the back-up Skylab S-IVB OWS stage together in the same picture. I have not seen any other picture of these two together. If you want to see various photos of two and three S-IVB stages together then my new book Sacramento's Moon Rockets has a number of these.
Posts: 698From: Longview, Texas, USARegistered: Apr 2000
quote:Originally posted by Rohan:If these were the only two missions to wear this paintwork...
quote:Originally posted by dtemple:Apollo 8's SI-C also had the early black paint pattern.
quote:Originally posted by Ronpur:They must have done a better job of repainting than was done on Apollo 4.
It's interesting, Apollo 4 was left in the old paintwork right up until rollout. It's still visible prior to the LES installation. The S-IC for Apollo 8 though can be seen being erected in the VAB without the paintwork.
I'm not sure which one is actually the case, but it's food for thought.
Edit: Actually, I am reading that it was scrapped, after being shipped to Marshal.
With regards to the painting of the first stage even up to Apollo 10 the first stages were painted with the old "500F" black markings during testing prior to being repainted for flight.
quote:Originally posted by Alan Lawrie:In October 1968 S-IC-10 and S-IC-9 had their engines installed and S-IC-11 did not. This ties up with the photo.
The S-IC-11 (Apollo 16) engines were installed around December 1968. Photo 6900732 (on page 183) is a similar Michoud factory photo from August 1969 that shows S-IC-11 back at MAF for repairs and a second set of engines after a test stand engine fire at the Mississippi Test Facility in June 1969.
quote:Originally posted by AlanLawrie:I don't know who you contacted at the Smithsonian but they certainly know that the KSC S-IC is the S-IC-T not S-IC-F.
According to our records, the first and third stages of the Saturn V on display at the U.S. Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville come from the D. The F is at the Kennedy Space Center. The S-II (second stage) at KSC, however, is the second stage from the canceled Apollo 18 mission.
The confirmation is via the Marshall Star, the in-house newspaper of MSFC. The 20 March 1974 and 24 April 1974 issues report that the S-IC-T stage was shipped from MSFC by the barge Poseidon on 15 March and arrived at KSC on 28 March where it was to be displayed by the VAB. The rest is history.
Posts: 2394From: U.K.Registered: Jul 2009
quote:Originally posted by Rohan:There must be records hidden away somewhere as to what happened to them...
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text:
|Nematotoxic Phenolic Compounds From Melia azedarach Against Meloidogyne incognita.
MedLine Citation:
|PMID: 23136941 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher
|In the present study it was evaluated the paralysis activity, of the whole Italian and Algerian Melia azedarach fruits and parts (seeds, wood, kernel), against Meloidogyne incognita second stage juveniles (J2). Paralysis activity was evaluated in vitro after one hour and one day immersion periods of nematodes in test solutions. Phenolic composition of the extracts was elucidated by means of HPLC-DAD and quantification by HPLC-MS/MS. The water extract of the Italian M. azedarach fruit pulp (IPWE) showed significant nematicidal activity (EC50/48h=955 μg/mL) and among its active ingredient components were p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (EC50/48h = 840 and 871 μg/mL, respectively). This is the first report of the nematicidal activity of M. azedarach pulp water extract and phenolic acids against the root knot nematode M. incognita.
|Hassiba Aoudia; Nikoletta Ntalli; Nadhem Aissani; R Yahiaoui Zaidi; Pierluigi Caboni
Publication Detail:
|Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2012-11-8
Journal Detail:
|Title: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Volume: - ISSN: 1520-5118 ISO Abbreviation: J. Agric. Food Chem. Publication Date: 2012 Nov
Date Detail:
|Created Date: 2012-11-9 Completed Date: - Revised Date: -
Medline Journal Info:
|Nlm Unique ID: 0374755 Medline TA: J Agric Food Chem Country: -
Other Details:
|Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: -
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|MeSH Terms
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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Placard-toting demonstrators remain a common sight at supermarkets here as a strike and lockout of 70,000 southern California grocery workers begins its ninth week with no end in sight.
Management and unions are still hunkered down; negotiations could trickle into next year. And the fight has become emblematic of a larger national anxiety over tradeoffs between consumer prices and decent-paying jobs. On one level, it's a tussle between management - which says it must cut costs to compete with bulk discount houses - and workers who want to preserve health benefits. But there's also a more universal question, analysts say: As manufacturing jobs disappear here - and across the Midwest and South - what alternatives remain for the working middle class?
In Los Angeles, which has seen two exoduses of middle-class jobs since the 1970s - auto plants and aerospace - the shrinking of one more sector of middle-class employment has vast implications.
"The public support that has helped keep this strike going longer than most thought it would is the latest example of how corporate America is getting out of sync with working people," says Kate Bronfenbrenner, a labor specialist at Cornell University. "They are standing up to say, 'Hey, wait a minute: This is against the public interest and it's not fair.' "
In one corner, she and others say, is management's self-interest and the consumer benefit of economies of scale. In another are retail workers demanding decent wages in grocery work - one of the last bastions of the service sector that doesn't require a college education.
Both sides are marshalling support in states and sectors anticipating similar conflicts: While management wants to cut health-insurance costs, unions say they're the last, key benefit allowing retail workers to keep their families out of poverty.
"The southern California grocery strike has huge, national implications both because of the large number of workers involved and because of the extreme demands that management is making on the unions," says Ruth Milkman, director of the University of California Institute for Labor and Employment. "It is a test of the waters ahead for concession bargaining nationwide in the new economy."
Los Angeles has wrestled with its shrinking middle class for decades. In the 1970s, auto plants moved away, devastating employment in black and Hispanic neighborhoods. In the 1990s, 555,000 aerospace jobs were lost. Experts say that if the grocery workers lose this fight, the racially charged metropolis could slip further into an economically polarized dystopia.
The loss would also weaken negotiating positions for ongoing and imminent union fights in other states, from New York to Ohio to the South.
"If a perfectly healthy grocery management succeeds in eliminating the health plans and other benefits of 70,000, it is a very dangerous sign for the middle class in cities across America," says Kent Wong, analyst at the UCLA Labor Center.
Management spokesmen say they must lower their labor costs to compete with the growth of nonunion, low-wage employers from Wal-Mart to Costco - companies that are moving aggressively into the grocery business. Such large-scale firms have the benefit of economies of scale, which force suppliers to keep their prices low, and so keep megastores from buying elsewhere.
"We are entering a whole new era of cost competitiveness," says Terry O'Neill, spokesman for Ralph's Supermarkets, noting that the first of 40 Wal-Mart grocery supercenters is set to open here in February. Wal-Mart prices are about 14 percent lower than in other stores, partly because its nonunion workers earn one-third less and pay for much of their own insurance.
"All we are asking is that our employees share some in the cost of their healthcare coverage as the vast majority of American workers do, so we can get some relief in our costs to remain competitive."
Whoever wins, the thinking goes, will gain momentum for disputes that pop up as contracts expire. An investigation by the California state attorney general will also shine the spotlight into collective bargaining tactics used by grocery management, and set a precedent for future skirmishes.
The probe is looking into whether the three supermarket chains - Vons, Ralphs, and Albertsons - violated antitrust laws by entering a pact to share their profits.
Because of other unions' moves to support grocery workers here, some labor analysts see a rebirth of labor solidarity, one that could bolster organized labor nationwide and change how strikes are waged.
They cite the recent move here by 8,000 Teamsters to honor picket lines and abandon distribution centers and delivery routes to 860 stores. The International Longshore Workers Union pulled 3,000 members off docks in Los Angeles and San Pedro to hold a meeting in front of a grocery that had locked out its employees.
"Union solidarity hasn't been seen on this scale for quite a while," writes Harley Shaiken, a UC Berkeley professor specializing in labor and the global economy.
And observers say that wide public support for the striking workers has also come as a surprise to management.
"The public has resonated with this strike because these are people they see day to day in their own markets," says Miguel Conteras, head of the Los Angeles Central Labor Council.
"This is a fight by common working folks trying to survive in a middle class that is shrinking all around them," Mr. Conteras continues. "It's a fight about what kind of society we all want to live in."


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On a day when most of the market slipped, prices for wheat, corn and soybeans moved higher.
Wednesday was a down day for prices for most stocks, metals and energy commodities, as investors worried about the still-sluggish U.S. economy and were underwhelmed by the Federal Reserve's latest plan to boost it. The investors who sent agricultural commodities higher weren't any more optimistic — they were just fearful that poor weather could crimp crop supplies.
The price of wheat rose the most, more than 2 percent, as investors worried that a hot, dry summer in the Midwest could affect crops. Investors bid up agricultural prices on Monday and Tuesday as well on the same concern.
The price increases were more modest than they had been earlier in the week, thanks to rain Wednesday in a few Midwestern states, said Jason Ward, market analyst at Northstar Commodity Investment Company in Minneapolis.
Still, rainfall is down severely in some areas. In parts of Iowa, the country's No. 1 producer of corn, some areas have received less than half an inch of rain so far this month, Ward said. The average for June is more than 5 inches.
Wheat for July delivery rose on Wednesday, the first day of summer, rising 14.5 cents to $6.64 per bushel. December corn rose 3 cents to $5.665 per bushel. November soybeans rose 11 cents to $13.955 per bushel.
In stocks, the Dow Jones industrial average and the Standard & Poor's 500 suffered small losses, and the Nasdaq composite index was virtually flat, after the Fed announced it would extend a program aimed at lowering long-term interest rates. Investors were unimpressed by the Fed's action, or unnerved by the Fed's prognosis of the still-weak economy, or a combination of both.
Gold and silver both moved slightly, but in opposite directions. August gold fell $7.40 to $1,615.80 per ounce. July silver rose 2.1 cents to $28.389 per ounce.
The industrial metals — palladium, copper and platinum — all fell. Their movements are closely linked to investors' forecasts for manufacturing and construction.
The biggest percentage change was in palladium for September delivery, which fell $9.90, or 1.6 percent, to $619.50 per ounce. July copper fell 4.6 cents to $3.3875 per pound. July platinum fell $13.70 to $1,466.80 per ounce.
Oil prices dropped notably. Like industrial metals, the price of oil is tied to predictions about construction and manufacturing. A government announcement about a surprising jump in U.S. oil supplies also contributed to the price drop.
Benchmark U.S. crude fell $2.23, or 2.7 percent, to end the day at $81.80 per barrel in New York. That's the lowest level since October. Brent crude, which is used to price much of the oil imported into the U.S., lost $3.07 to finish at $92.69 per barrel in London, the lowest since December 2010.
Gasoline lost 5.13 cents to finish at $2.5902 per gallon, heating oil lost 4.77 cents to end at $2.5874 per gallon, and natural gas: lost 2.8 cents to end at $2.517 per 1,000 cubic feet.


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Mahabharat 18th December 2013 Written Episode Update
Mahabharat 18th December 2013 Written Episode, Mahabharat 18th December 2013 Written Update
Arjun and Subadra retreat back to the shore after having this out of nowhere adventure. Krishna is standing there to welcome them with his mischievous smile. He teases Subadhre(that's how Krishna calls her) a little asking her if she is all set to make Hastinapur her sasural. Subadhre blushes. Arjun too blushes at this
Then Kalavan makes an appearance and demands that Krishna fights with him. Arjun takes out his bow and arrow and keeps raining arrows at Kaalavan but nothing happens to him. Krishna says this wont work and goes past Arjun in the opposite direction. Kalavan mocks Krishna if he is not man enough to fight him. Krishna gestures him to follow him and keeps going. Kalavan follows him, Krishna irks him a lot with his disappearing acts. Arjun and Subadra follow them. Arjun
Krishna reaches a cave and asks Kalavan to follow him as he disappears inside. Kalavan comes in but after a lot of calling sees someone sleeping. He thinks its Krishna and kicks that person. That person happens to be a sadhu who is on a penance and he has been on a penace for a long time… As he opens his eyes, the heat, transforms into fire and burns Kalavan down to ash.
Krishna makes his appearance from behind the rock. The sadhu says that kalavan got burnt without reason as he woke him up. Krishna says everything happens for a reason. Kalavan was supposed to die from the fire from his eyes so it happened. Krishna asks the sadhu to continue his penance and comes out.
Arjun and Subadra are petrified as they hear screams of kalavan from the cave but Krishna appears outside with his happy smile intact. Krishna and Arjun have a chat and Arjun is taken to Dhwaraka. Arjun falls in love with the city on first sight. Subadra asks Krishna to take him in. Krishna tells Subadra to give a tour for Arjun as he has to go somewhere for an important task.
Arjun asks if he can accompany him. Krishna says that he should take some trouble if he needs to accompany him. Arjun willingly agrees. Krishna says the trouble is of a different kind and smiles mischievously
Krishna and Arjun are disguised, they are on a mission to kidnap Rukmini. Arjun is disguised as a lady.
Update Credit to: Abavi


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Friday, May 29, 2009
Literature versus Time
Tuesday, May 26, 2009
The Collections Grid
Friday, May 22, 2009
Update: More information, with a discussion.
Dealing with Digital Literary Materials
Wednesday, May 20, 2009
What is Data and How Do We Curate It?
Image: Babbage's second Difference Engine.
Digital Directions
Digital History
in order for digital history data to be considered a scholarly product in and of itself, to inform our own research and to be shared with others, we will need to more fully address the accompanying challenges of quality (peer review), preservation, and open access.
Sunday, May 10, 2009
Wednesday, May 6, 2009
Team Digital Preservation
Tuesday, May 5, 2009
Special Collections at the Center
As libraries increasingly subscribe and have access to the same packages of easily replicated digital content and as publishers' portfolios merge and converge, what will be the features that differentiate libraries and that help us assess the quality of information services available at a given institution?
The answer: "the provision of unique primary sources."
Pritchard points out that the increasing importance of unique local collections is not restricted to research libraries:
To see the central place that special collections will have in the
Numerous smaller academic libraries, historical societies, museums, corporations, state agencies, and other places boast of materials of essential value to research and national heritage.
Friday, May 1, 2009
A Complicated Cultural Fiasco
Here is an interesting interview with Lawrence Rothfield, author of The Rape of Mesopotamia.This is the author's one-sentence summary of his book:
The looting of the Iraq Museum (and the even more disastrous pillaging of thousands of Mesopotamian sites) was a complicated fiasco arising out of a number of factors: indifferent political leadership, to be sure, but also an international legal framework that has not caught up with the new threat of post-combat looting by civilians; a military that has no built-in capability for policing sites and museums; weak cultural heritage bureaucracies and N.G.O.s oriented toward conservation rather than protection efforts; and an insatiable demand for Mesopotamian antiquities by super-wealthy collectors.
I Wonder How the National Archives Will Handle WhiteHouse 2.0
Posted today on the White House Blog:
In addition to WhiteHouse.gov, you can now find us in a number of other spots on the web:
The WhiteHouse blog (RSS) will power a lot of the content in these networks, but we're looking forward to hearing from our fans, friends and followers. Don't forget these sites as well:
Technology has profoundly impacted how – and where – we all consume information and communicate with one another. WhiteHouse.gov is an important part of the Administration's effort to use the internet to reach the public quickly and effectively – but it isn't the only place.


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Onboard the wild ride of Doug Parker
While Parker is an extrovert who can make people feel they're the most amusing characters he has ever met, his passion is competition and "anything analytical." The son of a meat cutter turned Kroger executive, he played tight end on the Albion College football team in his native Michigan, got his MBA at Vanderbilt, signed up with American Airlines (Charts, Fortune 500) at a job fair, and ascended through the financial side of the industry ever since. He became CEO of the ailing America West just ten days before 9/11, distinguishing himself in the aftermath for going back to Congress three times before winning a $429 million bailout.
Later that morning, on my January visit to the company's headquarters, Parker was fighting to stay awake during the weekly integration meeting, where representatives from each department report on the status of combining America West and US Airways. Though they had merged on paper more than a year ago and cut costs by an estimated $340 million, the two airlines were still effectively operating separately.
There were problems with union contracts, combining the reservations systems - even designing new uniforms for flight attendants. One executive told the group the airline was suffering an employee turnover rate of up to 15% as companies such as JetBlue (Charts), FedEx (Charts, Fortune 500), and Boeing (Charts, Fortune 500) snapped up the carrier's best mechanics and engineers with promises of higher salaries. "We need more incentive programs to keep our best people," the man said.
Parker's mind seemed elsewhere. He was oddly quiet, letting Scott Kirby, the company's president, run the show. Parker explained to me afterward that he was spending two-thirds of his time on the Delta deal: "Sometimes there's only so many things you can keep track of." At the moment he was thinking of his forthcoming testimony to the Senate Commerce Committee, which planned to grill him on his takeover plans. "That's not the fun part of the process," he says. "Delta has better cards to play. They're making the merger an emotional thing: It's bad for the consumer, it's bad for small cities, it's bad for employees. It's not true, but it's putting us on the defensive because all we can say is, 'No, we're not going to do those things.'"
In a packed Senate hearing room five days later, Frank Lautenberg, the New Jersey Democrat, asked him about the airline's default on its pension obligations. "If you can come up with $5 billion in cash for the merger, shouldn't US Airways pay those pensions back before buying other airlines?"
"Well," said Parker, stopping as the room erupted into loud applause and cheering. The walls were lined with uniformed Delta pilots in double-breasted blazers with brass buttons. The seats were packed with Delta flight attendants and retirees. Nearly everyone in the room was wearing a large red pin that read KEEP DELTA MY DELTA. Parker strained to keep a smile on his face.
"Senator, the $5 billion is not our money. That money is Citigroup's money and Morgan Stanley's money, and that money only comes to us if we acquire the airline, because they know full well the value that can be created by putting these two companies together, and they know that they will be paid back." Senator Lautenberg cut him off: "That's a very large hope, and I'm concerned about that."
Hope was on borrowed time. When I met with Parker and Eberwein two weeks later, in the bar of a trendy Charlotte restaurant, they looked worn out and dejected. Delta's creditors committee - effectively the company's board of trustees while it's in bankruptcy - had rejected their bid. In retrospect, Parker said, he underestimated the extent of the "natural conflict" on the creditors committee. Members representing such creditors as Boeing, Coca-Cola (Charts, Fortune 500), and Delta's pilots union tried to secure the best return for other creditors even as they "have a relationship with Delta's management team." That meant they chose more on emotion than on pure dollars, he said.
Parker was in withdrawal - he had loved the intensity and adrenaline of the chase. "It was like drinking from a fire hose that suddenly gets turned off," he said. "And it's weird to reintroduce yourself to your old life. My wife asked me if I could help her shop for our son's ninth birthday and I'm like, Well, yeah, I have time. She didn't recognize me."
The next morning it was back to nuts and bolts. We piled into an employee's SUV and headed to the company's Charlotte maintenance base. Parker and Eberwein were in town to host "Crew News," a twice-monthly question-and-answer session between employees and executives. The mechanics were ready for him in a large, whitewashed lunchroom, which reeked of mold and resentment.


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- tinkerbish
- 5 years ago
- Wedding: March 2014
Hello Bees!!! We did it! 🙂 We had our super intimate & small ceremony at Makena Cove in Maui, bright and early 8:30am on 3.4.14! I worked with a wedding planner through emails, along with a photographer and videographer. I chose an early morning ceremony because I wanted to capture the blue skies and beautiful blue ocean in my pictures. plus I read that sunset ceremonies are alot busier! My ceremony started at 8:30am on a Tuesday morning. I figured I wouldn't have to fight for a private spot on the little beach that early in the morning! I even thought about delaying the ceremony to 9-9:30am but I'm glad I didn't because just as we were done with our ceremony, 4 other brides showed up on the beach!!!! phew! we got to hog the beach all to ourselves 🙂 I've only got these two pictures for now and wanted to share with you ladies. As they say in Hawaii, ALOHA & MAHALO <3


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Roadway Infrastructure Management & Operations Systems (RIMOS)
A visiting scholar at InTrans, Dr. El-Nasan, from Yarmouk University - Jordan, measures pavement marking retroreflectivity for use in the Iowa DOT
Pavement Marking Management Tool.
RIMOS is a program at CTRE dedicated to developing practical tools for viewing, understanding, and making decisions for asset quality and performance over time.
The tools and systems RIMOS develops are helping transportation agencies make cost-effective decisions about their roadways and related assets. RIMOS focuses on helping transportation agencies improve their decision-making process through:
- Asset management
- Safety
- Traffic operations
For more information about RIMOS contact
- Co-director
Neal Hawkins
- Co-director
Omar Smadi
Asset management
RIMOS creates tools to help agencies decide how to allocate scarce funds and resources and understand the impact these decisions have on performance and safety. RIMOS researchers have created several asset management tools:
- A pavement marking management tool for the Iowa DOT that uses GIS mapping to visualize marking performance statewide. This tool gives staff the ability to see pavement marking quality on a map by color theme. Staff at all levels can look at any roadway and determine where and when to apply new markings. A similar system using a web application was created for the Minnesota Department of Transportation.
- A sign management system for the Iowa DOT that assists field staff in quickly and accurately collecting sign inventory information. The tool assists field staff in managing sign information on a daily basis. The tool helps Iowa DOT staff improve sign quality statewide.
- Data collection tools for bridge management that allow field inspectors to use PDAs to conduct the PONTIS element and NBI inspections in the field. This reduces inspection and data entry times. Tools were also developed to collect structural integrity information using PDAs and simple sensors.
Iowa Pavement Management Program
RIMOS helps collect data for the Iowa DOT's Pavement Marking Management Tool.
RIMOS is leading an FHWA multi-state project to address safety on rural curves.
Since 1996, the Iowa Pavement Management Program (IPMP) has integrated data collection and a database to track the condition of pavements on non-National Highway System federal-aid-eligible roads. These 27,000 miles of Iowa pavement may be in state, county, and city jurisdictions.
The IPMP has information on pavement conditions—roughness, rutting, and surface distresses—and a supporting database for analyzing the condition data. The database includes state-of-the-art geographic referencing tools and built-in analysis software.
Agencies are given CDs with this condition data twice a year. Recently, the IPMP has also started including data on another 9,000 miles of non-federal aid roads for agencies that request it. See www.ctre.iastate.edu/ipmp/for more information.
Asset management data are also used in safety studies, including
- Pavement marking retroreflectivity is compared to crash data to evaluate the impact various levels of brightness have on nighttime crashes.
- Asset management and crash data are combined for a national study sponsored by the U.S. DOT that looks at the effectiveness of dynamic speed signs on reducing vehicle speeds and crashes on rural curves.
Traffic operations
RIMOS staff work with the state, cities, and counties to help them understand how their roads and streets are being used, to plan for future traffic demands, and to effectively design for the future.
Getting the full, long-term picture for streets and roads helps agencies make progressive design and maintenance decisions that improve safety for motorists and pedestrians. For example, agencies can save time and money by putting utilities farther out to accommodate future lane additions and capacity increases.
The group also researches traffic operations in specific situations. One project explored how to improve travel safety and efficiency to and from large-scale events such as the Iowa State Fair and college football games.
RIMOS supports five to ten undergraduate and graduate students each year.
Working locally and nationally, RIMOS has partnered with the Iowa Highway Research Board, the Iowa DOT and other state DOTs in Florida, Arizona, Washington, Pennsylvania, and Texas. National partners include the Federal Highway Administration and industry like the Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC).


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Answer by Alon Amit:
When someone says that is non-terminating" it almost invariably means that they are rather confused.
A number cannot be terminating or non-terminating. The representation of a real number in the very special form of an expansion in some base may be terminating or not. Numbers can be represented in many ways, of which the base- expansion is but one special class, of which the common base-10 or "decimal" expansion is but one instance.
For example, the number can be represented in base 10 like this:
which is a terminating expansion (only finitely many digits are needed). But the same number in the same base can also be represented as the non-terminating decimal
and the same number can be represented in other bases like this:
(base 2, terminating)
(base 2, non-terminating)
(base 3, non-terminating).
Generally speaking a number can be represented by a finite expansion in base if (and only if) it is rational and the denominator of its reduced form has no prime factor which isn't also a factor of . So in base 10, which is what we normally use, a number has a non-terminating expansion if (and only if) it is a rational number whose denominator is the product of any number (possibly none) of 2's and 5's (but nothing else). So allows a terminating decimal expansion but does not.
This is a rather useless and ad-hoc property of a number. When people say "a number is non-terminating" they almost always intend to say that it is irrational, but they're using the wrong terminology.
Specifically, nothing good ever comes out of a text that starts with is non-terminating".
What does it mean when a number is non-terminating?


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Over the years many people have asked me how to publish a book, and there are 2 main ways. You can get a literary agent, who will then shop it around to major publishers. Or, you can publish it yourself. I have experience publishing both ways. After getting a big-time book deal with a major publisher at age 26, I was sued by my book agent. Yeah, it was about as awesome as it sounds. (Long story, but lesson learned: Never sign a contract without hiring an attorney.) Deeply scarred by the experience, I became a Learning Annex stalker, signing up for seminars across the USA on the topic of writing and self-publishing. Finally after 2 years of publishing obsession, 3,000 books arrived at my office in 2005. They sold…fast! So I published a second edition in 2007. Later I licensed the rights to DK Publishing, and the same book I self-published will be released via Pearson Education later this year.
Publishing yourself and working with a major publisher are both challenging in their own ways. In another post I can get deeper into this, but for now I wanted to give people who have decided to self-publish a general idea how to do it, complete with individuals that I recommend hiring for the project. While the bullet points below will help get you going, also read a book called "The Self-Publishing Manual" by Dan Poynter. Dan is an awesome guy – I have seen him speak several times and his book was my bible for about 2 years. I was a sweaty-palmed wreck when I got to meet him back in 2004, because I idolized him so much. He often speaks at The Learning Annex and similar programs like that around the world. Knowledge is power, and this entire process will go smoother (and you'll save money) if you can speak the language of self-publishing and get things right the first time.
So here's the basic 3 steps to getting a book published on your own…
STEP #1: EDIT – After your manuscript is done, send it to a trusted editor. My friend Nancy Colasurdo was my editor, and she is based in Hoboken, NJ. She's a columnist for FoxNews.com, a life coach and a writer…not to mention an amazing person. Nancy wrote a piece about me for Ladies Home Journal, which is why I thought to ask her to edit my book. (You may do the same, if you really liked how a journalist wrote about you in the past. Your editor needs to "get you.") For the sake of the people who will read your book, do not skip this step. Typos suck. Contact Nancy via her website: http://nancola.com
STEP #2: DESIGN – My book was designed by Peri Poloni Gabriel. She's been designing books for years, is super professional and based in Naperville, IL. Please note – a graphic designer is not the same as a book designer! Book designers know exactly how to format the book cover and interior to meet the specifications of publishers. Peri can hook you up with UPC codes and ISBN numbers, which is a total pain to do on your own. I recommend getting a UPC and ISBN # even if you don't plan to sell it in stores in the immediate future. You never know if you might be interested in getting it distributed down the line, and having both are essential if you go that route. Contact Peri via her website: http://knockoutbooks.com or call 630-718-0861.
STEP #3: PRINT – I used Sandy Gould at Color House Graphics in Michigan to print both editions of my book, after researching this excessively. They were fast, reliable and reasonably priced. When you're ready to pull the trigger, you'll also need to submit a RFQ (request for quotation), which basically explains what you're looking for in regards to paper stock, book size, number of pages, etc. Refer to Dan's Self-Publishing Manual for examples of RFQs. Contact Sandy at the Color House Graphics website: http://colorhousegraphics.com or call 800-454-1916.
Hope this helps some aspiring authors out there…it's not easy, but you can do it! And I can tell you, it's a very proud moment when those big boxes arrive from the publisher. I wept when mine were delivered. Seriously.
Click here if you'd like to buy a copy of my book Girls Fight Back! The College Girl's Guide to Protecting Herself. Books purchased will be autographed by me personally, making each copy worth millions of dollars on eBay. *LOL*
3 Comments. Leave new
I have a few questions
How much did it cost for you to self publish and how did you get the book into stores?
I'm not trying to be nosy– just looking at my options 🙂
Cost per book is largely based on what kind of book (size, page count, color or B&W, etc.) you order. I recommend you call a printer and price this out, because there are a million options. But to give you a point of reference, if you keep the book pretty basic and not flashy, expect to pay around $2 or $3 per book.
As for distribution, that's a whole other post. Read the Self-Publishing Manual to learn about your options. I signed on with a distributor, but it was a huge failure. I found much more success just selling them on my website.
Hope this helps Amy.
Yes hi Erin weed Im writting a novel nd tryin to self publish my story Im not quote finished I read yur 3 steps nd was fasanted by ur writting and advice I really need help magiorly like Im kinda lost with the procces of geting it started/ published is there any adice r a person I can trust To call nd talk to about each step I really look forward to hearing back from yuh this is my only desire my dream. thank yuh very much for makin this web page have a great day sincerly bianca


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Mayoral challenger Otis Rolley visited the block where a 91-year-old woman was stabbed to death this week to charge that Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake lacks a "real plan" to reduce crime.
"Instead of providing leadership or proposing a real plan to make every neighborhood safer, she's running campaign commercials touting a drop in crime that began under another mayor," Rolley said Friday, outside Northeast Middle School. "She knows crime is too high, and she has no plan to make us safer."
Rolley, one of several candidates challenging Rawlings-Blake in the Democratic primary next month, said her strategy focuses only on catching criminals and not on reducing crime.
His plan, he said, goes beyond law enforcement to include proposals to increase spending on youth programs and reduce recidivism by "eliminating barriers for ex-offenders."
Rawlings-Blake released radio and television ads this week saying she has worked to strengthen gun laws and avoided laying off police officers in tough budget times.
Since taking office in January 2010, she has largely continued the policies of predecessor Sheila Dixon while adding more surveillance cameras.
The decline in Baltimore's homicide rate last year to its lowest level in 22 years coincides with a national drop in crime; the city remains among the deadliest in the United States.
Rolley, who was the city's planning director under Mayor Martin O'Malley, spoke after a week that saw two 15-year-olds gunned down in Southwest Baltimore and 91-year-old Irene Logan — the mother of a family friend of Rawlings-Blake — fatally stabbed in her home in the 4700 block of Moravia Road. The number of homicides in the city is up slightly over this time a year ago.
Rawlings-Blake's campaign hit back by mocking Rolley's anti-crime plan, which includes the institution of a bullet tax. The idea got nationwide attention, though much of it was negative.
"His crime plan is literally a joke from Chris Rock," said Rawlings-Blake campaign spokeswoman Keiana Page, referring to a routine in which the comedian jokes that shootings would drop if bullets were more expensive.
"Crime in Baltimore is a serious challenge that needs serious solutions," Page said. Rawlings-Blake's strategy to reduce crime "is not only real, but it is working."
Page noted declines in the murder rate and in gun crimes in the city.
Other challengers also have criticized Rawlings-Blake on crime. State Sen. Catherine Pugh said she would audit Police Department statistics and reorganize the agency. Former City Councilman Joseph T. "Jody" Landers has spoken about drug treatment programs and wants police commanders to be more accessible. Clerk of Courts Frank M. Conaway Sr. says his platform is "jobs, jobs, jobs."
Rolley said he wants to create a public safety cabinet that would bring together officials from the police, housing, social services, schools and recreation and parks to come up with ways that their agencies can complement one another.
Rolley, who as chief of staff to Mayor Dixon advised her to hire District of Columbia Police Chief Charles Ramsey, has offered muted endorsements of Baltimore Police Commissioner Frederick H. Bealefeld III.
"You saw a sharp difference when Bealefeld was reporting to the last elected mayor and when he started reporting to the current appointed mayor," Rolley said. "We started seeing a spike in crime when the Police Department stopped feeling like they had a mayor that had their back. The main change needs to happen at City Hall."
Homicides in Baltimore are up slightly this year, with 129 people killed through Thursday compared with 124 at the same time last year. Nonfatal shootings were flat through the end of July, compared with a year ago, while overall gun crimes were up 6 percent. The overall crime rate is unchanged.


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John : Congratulations on your papers!
Sumet : Thank you very much ………….. .
I'm grateful for your choice.
I'm glad you choose it.
I'm very happy to be chosen.
I'm glad you'd like it.
A: I would like to buy a money order for 2,000 bahts.
B: Certainly. …………..
Fill on this form.
Fill out this form.
Fill in this application.
Full fill this form.
Nut : I keep getting this stomach pain all day at work.
Wimon: …………….
Nut: Thanks for your advice.
I will prepare some soup.
Your problem seems serious.
I'm sorry about that,
You'd better call on the doctor.
Student : ………….I'm not feeling well, I want to go home.
Teacher : Of course. I hope you feel better soon.
May I ask to excuse?
May I be an excuse, please?
May I be excused, please?
May I have to excuse?
Nong : ……………….
Sue : That sounds like fun. How will we meet?
Nong: I'll meet you in the lobby at noon.
Would you like to call for lunch?
Do we want to have lunch?
Would you like to join me for lunch?
Would you like me having lunch?
Waiter : Good evening, sir. May I take your order?
Mr. Jones: Yes. I'd like to have the set menu of the day.
Waiter: ………………
Mr. Jones: I'd like some red wine, please.
Would you care for a drink?
How do you want something to drink?
What would you prefer?
What do you like for now?
Tourist: Can you help me? Where's the supermarket?
Mana: Go straight to the traffic light, and turn left about 500 metres
Tourist: Thanks a lot.
Mana : ……..
You're welcome.
Don't mention.
Never mind.
Thank you too.
Mr. and Mrs. Stones received a wedding invitation card from their neighbor.
Mr. Stones : Have you got any ideas about the gift for the bride and the groom?
Mrs. Stones : ...................................
Mr. Stones : A week after next.
Which will be the day?
What day it will be?
When is their wedding?
How many weeks are there?
Jim : I forgot my wallet. …………
Supa : Sure. How much do you need?
Jim : Five hundred would be enough.
May I borrow you some money?
Would you mind if I lend you some money?
Would you mind lending me some money?
May I lend you some money?
Tourist: I'm lost. Could you tell me how to get to the Grand Palace?
Direk: Of course. Just take bus no.8.
Tourist: …………..
Direk: Probably half an hour.
How far is it from here?
How long it will take from here?
How long would it take?
What is the time to get there?
Bob: I heard you were in hospital. What's the matter?
Wasu: ……………..
Bob: Oh, I'm sorry to hear that.
The bill was very high.
I had food poisoning.
Nothing much.
My mother was ill.
Wanna: Mom, I'd like you to meet Dr. Barns.
Dr. Barns, ………..
Mom: It's a pleasure to meet you, Dr. Barns.
This is my mother.
Here is my teacher.
She'd like to meet you.
She's happy to see you.
Jim comes across is classmate, Toon is in a store.
Jim: Hello. What's up?
Toon: ……………… .
Not a thing
All right
Sam's just moved to a new school. Today is the first day of the semester.
Nuk ………………
Sam: Yes, I am. My name is Sam.
Are you coming here?
Are you in hurry?
Do you need help?
You are new here, aren't you?
1. A: Hello Is Jack there, please?
B: …………. .Please call back in 5 minutes.
A: O.K. Thanks.
He's taking a bath
He's not home tonight
He'll return home very late tonight
You can leave a message
Not's father has an apartment for rent. He has advertised it in the newspaper.
Noi is answering the phone for her father.
Noi: Hello.
Jenny: Hello. I'm calling about the apartment …..16….. in the paper. …..17…..?
Noi: Yes, it is.
Jenny: Is it a two – bedrooms apartment?
Noi: …..18….. .It has two bedrooms, a kitchen and a living room. It's really a nice apartment
Jenny: How much for the rent?
Noi: It's 12,000 bahts a month.
Jenny: Does that …..19….. water and electricity?
Noi: …..20….. . Tenants have to pay their own utilities.
Jenny: Is it a quiet building?
Noi: Oh, yes. The neighbours are really considerate and no pets are ….21….. .
Jenny: That's great. What floor is the apartment on?
Noi: It's on the third floor. Why don't you just come over and see it for yourself?
Jenny: …..22….. . What's the address?
Noi: 134 Sukhumvit Road. It's …..23….. to the Emporium, only …..24…..away and just a couple minutes
by car.
Jenny: That's good. My friend shops there all the time.
Noi: Why don't you drop by this afternoon?
Jenny: …..25….. .Can I see your at 4:000 then?
Noi : Sure. Can I get your name, please?
Jenny: Jenny Hamiltion.
to advertise
Is it still available
Is it for sale
Is there another place
Is it sold out
I think so
That's right
No, it isn't
That's O.K.
Of course
May be
I think that's a good idea
I don't think I need it
It's too big for me
I don't know either
close up
ten minutes walk
a ten – minute walk
ten minutes walking
a ten minutes walk
Because I want it
I don't think so
All right
Let's go
Galapagos is one of the best places in the world for scuba divers to see sharks,
once some group divers saw a ......26.......of about 300 hammerhead sharks. there
are very few places in the world .......27....... you see that any more. Divers love the
opportunity of diving with sharks ; it brings so much more money then .....28..........
the sharks for sharkfin soup. Sharks are at the top of the food .......29........ and once
they are gone the whole marine ecosystem will start falling apart.
Apart from saving the islands' rainforests and coral reefs, Seacology found it equally
important .....30....... island cultures which are being eroded by television and the Internet.
to be finned
to preserving
to be preserved
to preserve
Jenifer Capriati completed one of sport's greatest comebacks …..31….. she became world number one tennis women's player on Monday, October 15< 2001, but she
…..32….. the top ranking almost by default.
Eight years ago, Capriati …..33….. closer to prison than stardom. Just 17 and
burnt out from the demands and pressure of the sport, the troubled teenager
…..34….. for shoplifting and cautioned for …..35….. of marijuana in 1993, her
once promising career in ruins.
But in one of the most inspiring sporting comebacks, Capriati reinvented herself
and her game, …..36….. realizing the potential that was seen when, aged 14, she
became the youngest player to …..37….. the top 10.
was arrested
being arrested
to arrest
travel to
wrap up
stay with
break into
London, AP
It has long been said that Britain is a …..38….. of shopkeepers – but it is
coming to something …..39….. the monarch opens her own royal food store.
Queen Elizabeth II …..40….. a farm shop near her weekend retreat at Windsor
Castle…..41….. produce from her estates, including pheasants and partridges
bagged at royal shoots.
The Windsor Farm Shop opened Wednesday in converted Victorian potting sheds
On the edge of the royal estate, 48 kms west …..42….. London.
Meat from royal farms, plants from the royal nurseries, and produce from the royal
dairy will be on sale, …..43….. apples and apple juice from Sandringham, the royal
family's country estate in eastern England.
"Our produce is free range and we hope soon …..44….. organic," said Craig
Brittain, general manager of the farm shop, ahead of its launch Wednesday.
" The intention is …..45….. highquality, reliable, known – source food and to
Support farming an …..46….. on the royal estates and …..47….. other areas."
The royal farms at Windsor date from the reign of George III .....48….. , from
1790, laid out two model farms. There are now two dairy herds, other livestock, and
Arable land …..49….. mainly wheat, oats and beans.
The royal dairy, which …..50….. in 1858 also at Windsor, produces milk, yogurt,
cream and ice cream.
The Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh have a strong commitment to
…..51….. and rural life in the U.K." said Brittain.
to sell
to be sold
to be
to set
to arrange
to accept
to provide
to employ
to growing
was established
being established
be farming
be farmed
The movie entitled "America's Sweethearts" advertises that the story reflects "Hollywood laughs at itself!" If the laughter is Hysterical, it is ……………. .
funny and insane
important and noticeable
loud and uncontrolled
interesting and powerful
The 2001 Nobel Peace Price in its 100 year has been awarded jointly to Kofi Annan. This is the first time in ……. That an incumbent U.N. secretary – general has been awarded the Pace Prize.
The hotel industry must take a more analytical ……… to dealing with the current tourism decline to prevent long – term losses in Thailand.
According to our new manager, the company planned to set up four of five prototype food ………… in leading department stores around Bangkok.
In South Korea, which leads Asia's Internet ………….. with home high – eed broadband usage at near saturation point, firms regard the Windows XP's bundle as a threat to their business.
Air France and British Airways resumed Concorde flights on November 7, some 15 months after a crash of the supersonic ……. On July 25,2000.
Vietnam's government plans to invest $43 million ………… over the next five years.
and other areas of production
both coffee acreage and volume in the next crop season
sign a loan agreement with a French agency
to upgrade the country's coffee industry
The tapone is considered a scred musical instrument. Before performances, traditional Thai dancers pay homage to the drum ………………… .
keep alive a passion of music
in order to dance gracefully and correctly
taught by famous teachers
earning an income making musical instruments
Straw homes are earth – friendly homes. They can be built to stand ………….. .
from homes to retail stores
as long as other homes
better insulated than traditionally built homes
great help in temperature control
One traditional dance from the capital city landed in my hometown yesterday ………… to take place in this town and the neighbouring villages.
for the welfare of the whole community
on creating innovative artists
for a series of performances
under guidance of a well – known dancer
If you cannot reach me at this extension, just leave your number …………….. .
so that I can call you back
to state your name
for more information or reservations
to send me the program
According to the cartoon, the two soldiers got lost ………… .
at the same area
out of the tent
at the two different places
because of the wrong map
"got lost" could be very risky ; however, in the situation above, it could be …………… .
an advantage
a game
an excuse
an instruction
Which statement expresses' opinion?
We got lost.
How so you guys manage to get lost every time we come out here?
Frist we lost the map.
Then we take a wrong turn.
What is likely to happen next?
The two soldiers will go back to their tent.
The general will go on with his work.
Three of them will be on duty.
The two soldiers will get a penalty.
Havana, AP
Increasingly dangerous Hurricane Michelle picked up speed overnight and was
lashing Cuba's small Isle of Youth with its winds early yesterday before taking aim at
the main island, and possibly Florida and the Bahamas later.
After entering Cuba on its south – western coast, the storm late November 4, 2001
was projected to move north across the island, passing to the east of Havana on the
northern coast, home to two million of the island's 11 million citizens.
Tens of thousands of people have been evacuated from low – lying areas across Cuba
over the past several days. Civil defence authorities on Saturday ordered 150000 people
evacuated in flood – prone areas of Havana alone.
Describing Michelle as "an extremely dangerous hurricane," the U.S National
Hurricane Service in Miami said the storm was about 230 kms south – southwest of
Havana at 7 p.m. yesterday Thai time.
Michelle was moving northward at 19 kphs. The storm had sustained winds near
215 kphs, with hurricane force winds extending out 75 km.
Forecasters said a storm surge of nearly six metres, in which a huge, fast – moving
wall of ocean water could flood a large area, was possible near and to the east of where
Michelle makes landfall on Cuba's southern coast.
Michelle, which has killed 12 prople in Central America and Jamaica, picked up
much of its strength afterward but now was not expected to strengthen more, the
centre said. Its winds were stronger than Hurricane Lili, Which wiped out crops and left
thousands homeless in Cuba in 1996
67. This passage is mainly about ……………….. .
the south – western coast
the main island
the natural disaster
Cuba's southern coast
The word "lashing" in the first paragraph is the same as …………………. .
hitting violently
going quietly
moving northward
speeding overnight
According to paragraph 2, the island's 11 million citizens inhibit …………….. .
the Bahamas
an Isle of Youth
According to paragraph 3, what have been done over the past several days?
The attack of the hurricane that became slow down.
The preparation for the slower wind forces.
The evacuation of thousands of people from dangerous areas.
The prevention of the destructive flood.
Civil defence authorities on Saturday ordered 150000 people evacuated in flood – prone areas of Havana alone. The underlined part means ……………….. .
Havana was deserted
only Havana
Havana that was far from the mainland
sad Havana
…………… called Michelle "an extremely dangerous hurricane"
People in Miami
The U.S. National Hurricane Service
People in south - southwest of Havana
Civil defence authorities
The word "surge" in paragraph 6 means ……………… .
strange dreamlike way
very difficult task
extra activity
sudden powerful movement
The speed Michelle moved northward was at …………. Kphs.
Which of the following prediction was not made by forecasters?
A storm surge would be almost six mettes.
A huge, fast – moving wall of ocean water could flood a large area.
Michelle hit the southern coast of Cuba and killed 12 people.
Michelle was approaching Cuba's southern coast.
Its winds were stronger than Hurricane Lili, which wiped out crops and left thousands homeless in Cuba in 1996.
"Its" refers to ……….. .
The surf's
"thousands" refers to ……….. .
the number of people
the areas
the winds
the centres
The centre mentioned in the last paragraph refers to the centre in …………. .
Central America
With the Harry Potter movie all the rage in Britain and the United States, businesses
in Thailand hope to profit from a similar wave of popularity when the film makes its local
cinema debut on Nov.30
Fifty million bahts is likely to be spent on promotions linked with harry Potter and the
Philosopher's Stone, with big spenders including soft drink makers, general retailers, film
producers and cinema chains.
Marketing is due to start this week and intensify as the local launch draws near.
Warner Brothers, which made the film, is set to spend three million bahts.
promotions include a two – month contract to display advertisements on skytrain
Industry observers say this indicates the movie will be screened until after the New
Year, normally the peak season for the entertainment business. Ticket sales are projected
to exceed 100 million bahts.
An advertising industry source said that it was the first time that a movie had been
Advertised on skytrain carriages. "This will greatly help build awareness among
According to paragraph 1, the Harry Potter movie has become ……………….. .
a part of Britain & the U.S.A
very popular
a lot of profits
The word "debut" in paragraph 1 means …………..
the disagreement
first public appearance
the launch
Which of the following is one of the big spenders?
Soft drink makers.
Philosopher's Stone.
The U.S.A.
When the local launch is getting closer, ……….. will become greater in strength.
the draw
cinema chains
……………. Will pay for the advertisements on skytrain carriages.
Industry observers
Soft drink makers
Warner Brothers
General retailers
According to paragraph 5, the peak season for the entertainment business is ……………. .
November 30
this week
during this month
after the New Year
The reader can infer from paragraph 5 that Warner Brothers expects to …………….. .
gain profits out of the Harry Potter
put more advertisements on skytrain carriages
intensify the local launch
reach the peak season for the entertainment business
"this" will greatly help build awareness among passengers."
The underlined part refers to ………… .
The skytrain
an advertising industry
advertising a movie
producing a movie
Sydney, AP
More than one – third of surgeons interviewed for a new survey admitted
administering high doses of pain killers to hasten the deaths of terminally ill patients.
Australia's most vocal mercy killing advocate, Dr. Philip Nitschke, said yesterday
the government should review euthanasia legislation in the light of the findings.
The University of Newcastle's survey of 683 surgeons in New South Wales state,
Published in the respected Medical Journal of Australia, found that 247 had given a
terminally ill patient high doses of painkillers with the intention of hastening death.
That intention was defined as euthanasia under Australian law, the study's author,
Dr. Charles Douglas, said.
The study published yesterday said that only a few of the patients had clearly asked for
"The vast majority of patients were only a few hours of days away from their death,"
Dr. Douglas said. "The patient is barely conscious and not in a situation to discuss what
happens next."
Euthanasia is illegal in Australia. One province, the Northern Territory, briefly
Legalized mercy killing in 1996 and Dr. Nitschke carried out euthanasia on four people
Before federal parliament overturned the legalization.
About 5% of surgeons surveyed admitted to giving a patient a single, lethal
injection upon the patient's clear request. This result was consistent with findings in
other countries Dr. Douglas said.
87. The main idea of this news article is …………. .
the government's action towards hastening death of very ill people
more than one – third of surgeons agree to use pill killers
euthanasia is affective at all hospitals in Australia
mercy killing is widely spread in Australia
"advocate" in paragraph 2 means ……………… .
" in the light of" means …………… .
when you have the information of knowledge of …
when you turn on the light and see what you have found out
when you realize how important the high doeses are
when you need to make a sound decision
"respected" in paragraph 3 means ……………. .
correct & true
had a good idea
careful and proper
well – known or important
Which is true according to paragraph 3?
…………. of surgeons in New South Wales state had given a terminally ill patient high does of painkiller.
More than a quarter
Nearly all
One – third
According to this news article, euthanasia is ……………….. .
a kind of medicine
a journal
the Australian law
the intention of hastening death
The writer of the mentioned study was ……………. .
Dr. Philip Nitschke
The ill patient
the journalist
Dr. Charles Douglas
The study publishid yesterday said that only a few of the patients had clearly asked for euthanasia. The underline part indicates that there were …………….. of the patients.
a large number of
two – three patients
not many
"The vast majority of patients were only a few hours of days away from their death."
"The vast majority of" means ……… .
A large number of
very few
some but not many
All the
"a few hours or days away from their death indicates that death" is ………….. .
According to paragraph 6, what is the mentioned patient like?
He / She is ………… .
"overturned" in paragraph 7 means ……………. .
did not accept
put out
settled down
turned to another direction
Which statement is not true according to the last paragraph?
About 5% of surgeons surveyed took the patient's clear request.
Patients have asked for a lethal injection.
Other counties have studied about mercy killing.
Mercy killing is against morality.
The reader can infer from this article that …………….. .
surgeons do not want to apply euthanasia
Australia allows mercy killing all over the country
the intention of hastening death is practical
some people could choose to die


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This site map will hopefully make it easier for you to find topics of interest to you. Since there are so many pages, I have categorized them here for your convenience
Food Storage ~ Use Food Storage ~ Shelf Life ~ Storage Ideas ~ Preserving Food ~ Storing Water ~ Survival Gear ~ Prepping ~ Self Defense ~ DIY ~ Disaster Survival ~ Financial Survival ~ Resources
If you are looking for something that is not on this page, please contact me and I will add your topic. This page will continue to grow, so be sure and check back often if you are looking for something in particular.


text:
- Home
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- High Holy Days Handbook and Information - 2018/5779
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- Representing B'nai Havurah
B'nai Blueprint: A Community-Wide Construction from Foundation to Completion
Mon, October 15 2018
6 Cheshvan 5779
Our Religious School
The 1st Day of Religious School is Sunday, SEPTEMBER 16. For more information about our Religious School or to register your child(ren), please contact Carol Loveman Morris or call 303-388-4441.
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Calendar of Events
Oct 17
Wednesday, Oct 17th 7:00p to 8:30p
Oct 18
Thursday, Oct 18th 5:00p to 6:00p
Oct 18
Thursday, Oct 18th 6:30p to 7:30p
Oct 20
Shabbat, Oct 20th 9:30a to 11:30a
Oct 21
Sunday, Oct 21st 9:30a to 11:30a
Oct 25
Thursday, Oct 25th 12:00p to 2:00p
Dr. Rena Bloom, Naturopath Dr. Marc Drillings, Chiropractor, Acupuncturist Barbara Reinish Healing Touch Carla Sciaky Doorways to Healing These are just five of the many practices in the art of healing, and we are pleased to begin exploring with three Reconstructionists (four if we count Harvey) and Rena Bloom. Please join us for the fourth in our series of Chachmim programs planned to create opportunities for those of us who no longer have to labor from 9 to 5 to get together to stay current and informed, meet new people, connect and reconnect, eat and just chill. We look forward to seeing you at noon on October 25.
Oct 27
Shabbat, Oct 27th 9:30a to 11:30a
Nov 3
Shabbat, Nov 3rd 9:30a to 11:30a
Nov 10
Motzei Shabbat, Nov 10th 7:30p to 10:00p
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We thank all of our donors for their generosity! Making a gift of any size to B'nai Havurah is a meaningful way to recognize a yahrzeit, birthday, anniversary, B'nai Mitzvah and more!
Please click here to view our 2018 donors, donations and milestones.
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B'nai Library
Please visit the Bnai Havurah Library on-line!
The library is open whenever B'nai Havurah is open. We have an excellent collection of books and videos - available for check out! More information.


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Energy drinks happen to be a Ten billion dollar market in the U.S., and are forecasted to grow exponentially as time goes on. The target marketplace seems to be teens and the university students, for whom Rockstar is marketed. Nonetheless, I find people today of all ages and varieties ingesting these drinks wherever I go. This concentrated source of caffeine and energy offers people today the boost they look for to get them through the day. However , is Rockstar truly helping them? Is this beverage trustworthy?
Listed here are the main formula to know in Rockstar:
-Artificial Caffeine Content: Rockstar has 160mg of synthetic caffeine in every can. To put this in perspective, a can of coke only has about 35mg of caffeine.
-Milk Thistle: The idea behind this element is that it could possibly reduce the intensity of hangovers through process of permitting the liver to digest the alcohol faster. It can be not known if this realistically works. Milk thistle also offers a little antioxidant value.
-High Sugar Content: You'll find 140 calories and 31 grams of sugar in a single can of Rockstar Energy Drinks!
-Ginseng and Ginkgo: Herbs to induce energy. Allergic reactions and upset stomach are possible with these herbs, but they are safe for many consumers.
-Guarana: Usually in weight-loss supplements, this South American herb bolsters energy, but might cause serious side effects if ingested in big levels. Side effects can include nausea, headache, seizures, irregular heart rhythms, and anxiety. Do not take with aspirin because it can possibly add to the danger of bleeding.
-Rockstar Energy Drink Also Contains Several Synthetic Ingredients.
Because of the higher caffeine and sugar content, Rockstar is simply not safe to have large quantities of. If you have any of these conditions- diabetes, heart disease, obesity, or hypertension, this drink is a incredibly poor choice for you. In most cases, name-brand energy drinks along the lines of Rockstar are not a healthy way of finding energy.
These drinks, with their severe stimulates and high sugar doses, will provide you with not only the jitters when you consume them, but they will also surely result in a crash quickly afterwards that leaves you feeling much more fatigued then previously. Moderating your caffeine intake is certainly valuable so that you don't get dependent on these beverages. Parents: please moderate the caffeine energy drinks teenagers consume With today's bans on Red Bull in Norway, Denmark, Uruguay and Iceland, we ought to be careful what we consume!


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