text:
Don't believe Vertical Video is the future of mobile? Just ask Snapchat's Evan Spiegel, who announced on Tuesday the company's new "3V" branded content agency, Truffle Pig.
Over the past few weeks, Spiegel has been pushing the Vertical Video agenda hard. Jon Steinberg's Medium article stating that vertical video ads have up to 9x the engagement of traditional horizontal video ads seems to have triggered Mr. Spiegel's very vocal quest to convince Snapchat's ad partners to make the switch to portrait-shot media. (Welcome to the discussion Evan.)
His message, interestingly enough, has taken on a very consumer-facing twist of late, with Spiegel focusing on the fact that more and more of us are shooting video the way we naturally hold our phones — vertically. Though Snapchat boasts impressive numbers in terms of daily active users (roughly 100 million) and quantity of portrait-shot content shared daily (roughly 700 million), only a small percentage of its users are shooting video — and there are a few reasons for that.
Users have pictures to fall back on as a crutch.
Snapchat is, afterall, a peer-to-peer messaging platform, and pictures are much quicker to snap and send.
You can't edit Snapchats.
In order to stitch together moments into a story, users must capture one clip at a time, click to add it to "My Story," tap the Camera button again, capture another clip, and so on. It's cumbersome to say the least. And once a story's been added to, you can't edit it.
All Snapchat user-generated content has an expiration date.
Since all content is disposable, there's no reason for users to spend the time crafting quality, immersive content.
It's natural to compare Vervid to Snapchat because we're both on a campaign to usher in the era of vertical video. But to make this comparison would be to miss the bigger picture.
Unlike Snapchat, all of Vervid's content is publicly discoverable (though we will be adding private channels in a future update.) And rather than thinking about Vervid as a "Snapchat that Sticks Around," it's really much more of a "YouTube for the Selfie Generation."
Vervid is the self-broadcasting platform for the mobile era, with an audience that rarely — if ever — rotates their phones. It's the platform that lowers the bar to video editing by providing tools that are easy enough to use one-handed and on the go, yet robust enough to create compelling, immersive content. Our goal is to become the biggest media company in the world, starting with the screens we carry in our pockets.
We're not only mobile-first; we're video-first. Unlike Instagram or Snapchat, we do not allow photos of any kind. (There are plenty of apps for that.) And unlike YouTube or Vimeo, we do not allow horizontal video (though you can import horizontal video and crop it to vertical.)
We're providing a place for users to continue shooting video the way that feels most natural, despite cinematic tradition. We're enabling self-publishing that goes against the grain of the "television" era. Nowadays, what's shot on mobile generally stays on mobile. Rather than correct for vertical video, we're providing tools to make it better.
The perception is that Snapchat is doing the same. However, unless they completely overhaul the experience that defines their platform, Snapchat will remain a private, peer-to-peer messaging platform that treats vertical video as disposable content. And some users will continue to enjoy that.
We're here to establish a sense of permanence for vertical video in a way that's never been done before. Fortunately, Snapchat is helping pave the way for advertisers and agencies to start creating ad content in portrait mode, which is helping us out in the long run.
So we welcome this discussion. We welcome Evan's new-found rhetoric on vertical video, an oft-misunderstood format that needs advocates. We welcome it because we're on the same mission, and we have a bulldozer ahead of us helping to clear the way and make room for a platform that's speaking a similar language, but targeting a more permanent (and potentially much more diverse) audience.
Vervid launches in the App Store on July 15th. For more information or to request a demo, hit us up here.


text:
Update 9/3/10: Don't Allow the USPS to Continue Costly Business Practices
The Affordable Mail Alliance - a growing coalition of non-profits, Fortune 500 companies, small businesses, major trade associations, consumer groups, and citizens representing the vast majority of the mail sent in the United States - filed comments urging the Postal Regulatory Commission to help rein in the USPS's excessive costs by denying the proposed rate hike.
"The Post Office needs to reevaluate their approach," said Jerry Cerasale, Affordable Mail Alliance Spokesperson and Senior Vice President of the Direct Marketing Association. "Instead of trying to keep things afloat with a giant tax on consumers, the USPS should focus on improving management and controlling costs to get out of this mess. To do otherwise is just bad business."
This is the Alliance's final legal step before the PRC announces their decision on October 4.
The comments also highlight the Postal Service's flip-flop on the cause for their request. The USPS previously claimed that such a severe rate increase was needed to alleviate an immediate and unforeseen cash crisis. But at the public hearing held on August 10, a top official admitted that the "crisis" would not prevent them from operating in their current fashion for at least the next year. The Postal Service now claims that the rate increase is needed to prevent a longer-term profit slowdown over the next decade.
"Our comments make the same case that businesses and working families are making all over the country," said Cerasale. "The Postal Service's proposed rate hike is unreasonable, unhelpful, and unlawful, and the more than one thousand members of the Alliance are not going to let the Postal Service take advantage of its customers."
The comments reiterate what the Alliance has argued all along - that the Postal Service has failed to show that it would suffer from its projected losses if it followed "best practices of honest, efficient and economical management," and has failed to meet the "extraordinary or exceptional" circumstance test of the 2006 Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act. The increase thus should be rejected, especially at this time of economic uncertainty for America.
Senator Susan Collins (R-ME), a key author of the 2006 law, has supported the Alliance's position. In her statement following the Postal Regulatory Commission hearings, Senator Collins said that the law being cited by the Post Office was intended for use in circumstances such as natural disasters and terrorist attacks. The Post Office's "failure to sufficiently update its business model," she said, was not sufficient for special consideration.
Formed in response to the US Postal Service's July 6th announcement that it would seek to raise rates far beyond those currently allowed by law, the Affordable Mail Alliance grew from a small group of concerned USPS customers to a membership of over a thousand in less than two months. The Alliance has been gaining momentum in the wake of recent Postal Regulatory Commission Hearings, and this most recent action provides a strong argument to the PRC in advance of its coming decision on the issue.
READ MORE on the AMA website.
VISIT: The MPA Government Affairs/Postal homepage for the latest developments.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
In connection with the resignation of Obama administration OMB director Peter Orszag, Ira Stoll recalls Orszagism:
Mickey Kaus, the blogger-turned-California Senate candidate-turned-blogger-again (he never really stopped being a blogger, actually), has been one of Mr. Orszag's most persistent critics, coining the term Orszagism for the budget director's approach of selling ObamaCare to Congress and the public as a way of reducing the federal budget deficit by bending the health care cost curve downward. The public had a hard time believing that you could provide health care to tens of millions more people without spending more money, and Mr. Kaus still doesn't buy it, remarking that Mr. Orszag is "leaving before the curve hits the fan," i.e., before it becomes clear that ObamaCare won't actually save the federal government money, but will instead increase the size of the federal deficit.
Orszag's departure from the Obama administration is an appropriate occasion on which to recall the deliberate misrepresentations on which Obamacare was sold.


text:
Maybelline New York Clear Smooth BB Stick 8-in-1 Skin Transformer
22 reviews
59% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.6
Price: $$
Package Quality: 3.6
Price: $$
Where to Buy
- When you make a purchase through these links, we may receive a commission from the eBay Partner Network or other affiliates.
Start your review
on 3/3/2015 11:13:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
This is my go-to for a "no make-up make-up look." I wouldn't say it offers much if ANY coverage at all, so I definitely don't think it does what it says it does.But I appreciate the SPF in the product, and it's nice for a day when you don't want to do a whole big foundation routine. The SPF does make it a bit greasy, so I wouldn't use this if you have oily skin.
on 1/8/2014 11:20:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Acne-prone, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Black
I wore this for 15 hours and it felt itchy after removing it over and over again, red pimples were appearing just don't buy this thing.
on 11/21/2013 5:58:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Very Oily, Medium, Neutral
Hair: Black, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Black
Have tried the liquid and stick version. It does look like a grayish shades at my skin first, but when the natural oil of my face blend with them, I love it!
The stick version breaks easily, but it looks more 'mate' to my oily skin.
The liquid version do well, the oil coverage last about 3-5 hours for me.
anyway, for such a cheap price, this BB cream do a good jo.
on 11/15/2013 4:13:00 AM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Oily, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Black
This BB stick didn't work very well for me. The color was too light on my skin tone (I have medium shade, Asian skin) and made me look pale and chalky like a ghost :( Also, I found it rather difficult to apply. I did like the packaging though.
on 8/26/2013 11:54:00 AM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Combination, Tan, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Black
Good color range, but it's a bit too dewy for me I'd like something a bit more matte and the coverage just passes.
on 7/5/2013 5:21:00 AM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Normal, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I have this in 02 Natural. The color is fine, but it has light coverage so I can't use this by itself. Wearing this I tend to get oily by noon. It tends to get cakey at times too. I tried this while I was in the Philippines so that may factor. It's nice and cheap though, so if you don't get oily easily and need light coverage only you could try this. But on the whole, I won't be repurchasing.
on 5/1/2013 7:21:00 AM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Other, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I quite like the product it covers the blemish and all in all itts an okay productn
on 4/26/2013 5:17:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Olive, Neutral
Hair: Black, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
Love that this is in stick form, it's portable and easy to apply.
Contains salicylic acid
Goes on matte--feels powdery (silicones, I guess?)
Stays on for a decent amount of time
Only two shades, immediately leaves a grey cast*
Smells bad (almost unbearable)--I think this is due to the salicylic acid and/or silicones
Can look plasticky/cakey
Color is chalky
*It "oxidizes" after a while but I don't get why they have to make it this way
-I DONT UNDERSTAND WHY MAYBELLINE PHILIPPINES HAVE TO MAKE ONLY TWO SHADES OF THESE PRODUCTS. Would have been a good product but if, like me, you think bad color + bad smell = dealbreaker, then this product is not for you.
on 3/17/2013 7:15:00 AM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Oily, Medium, Warm
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
This product is quite amazing,it's sheer but still leaves my skin with glow and it's stays on pretty long.It also controls my oily skin so it makes my skin looks better.When I first apply it,it looks a bit matte but several hours later it leaves my skin looking quite dewy looking and not dull at all!It's also very natural,i'm stiill in school and we're not allowed to wear makeup but this really looks like second skin and nobody knows that im wearing makeup(haha).I'm in colour 01 fresh.i think it's better to apply it with your fingers cause using a brush can make it look cakey,so i took 1 lippy of because of that.I use just a bit of loose powder to set it and blot through the day,but it's still a staple for me :) i wont repruchase because i think im going to choose a foundation
on 3/14/2013 5:59:00 AM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Normal, Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I recently bought Maybelline BB stick fawn shade and I'm loving it. This 8 in 1 BB stick is my first BB product. It really does give flawless radiant skin & keeps face oil-free. I'm looking forward to buying the Radiance shade too. Overall its a good product and according to me, a must-have for the summers.
Popular BB Creams
Popular BB Creams
Where to Buy
- When you make a purchase through these links, we may receive a commission from the eBay Partner Network or other affiliates.


text:
A Federal Capital Territory High Court on Thursday fixed ruling for June 11 in a motion filed by a former member of the House of Reps, Hon Dino Melaye against the Inspector General of Police over the alleged disruption of a rally aimed at protesting the abduction of schoolgirls in Chibok, Borno State.
Following the hearing of the motion with the number CV/ 1520/2014 filed by Mr Reuben Egwuaba, Melaye's counsel, Justice Abubakar Talba fixed the date for the ruling.
Egwuaba had prayed the court to declare the disruption of the rally as well as the arrest of some of the participants unconstitutional. Wile alleging that the police stormed the Unity Fountain venue of the rally with machine guns and hot water canons to prevent the participants from assembling, he told the court that the application seeks to enforce the rights of the applicants to hold peaceful rallies.
He described the disruption of the rally and the arrests as a violation of the fundamental human rights of the applicants. He went on to say "this is in line with Section 41 of the Constitution and the duty of the police is clearly stated in Section 4 of the Police Act."


text:
oa SA Pharmaceutical Journal - A review of weak opioids used in combination with other analgesics to treat low back pain : review
Low back pain affects a large percentage of the population at some point in their lives. Most cases of acute low back pain settle within six weeks. The most commonly used medicines for acute low back pain are paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), skeletal muscle relaxants, and opioid analgesics.
Chronic low back pain may also respond to these medicines, but combination therapy is usually recommended when a single agent, such as paracetamol, fails to control chronic low back pain. Combinations used in this situation should follow the principles of multimodal analgesia, with demonstrated efficacy and safety. A brief discussion follows on the efficacy and safety of weak opioids, when used in combination with paracetamol or aspirin, for low back pain.
© Publisher
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text:
Problems with installing a graphics card
Problems when installing a graphics card and ways to address the problem
Are you thinking of upgrading your laptop? You must be imagining how great it would be to increase the capacity of the graphics card. However, you might have thought already that installing graphics card is probably the most difficult thing you could ever do for an upgrade. If you thought removing a hard disk as a chore, imagine how much dedication you need to install it perfectly. However, for you to be successful in installing your new graphics card, you should know what to avoid and how to avoid them. This will help you prevent problems when you install graphics card in your laptop.
Some of the issues with graphics card installation are discussed below:
- Errors and miscalculations in buying
- Missing components
- Internal issues
Errors and miscalculations in buying
The first primary problem when you install graphics card starts in the planning stage. Sometimes, some do not consider the essential aspects of compatibility when they install graphics card. Compatibility is an essential consideration. If you own a laptop that is a bit older, and you decided on having an upgrade, there might be considerations about the other components of the PC. Sometimes you might need extra components or the motherboard does not have the right slots for the card. Sometimes you need additional memory before you install graphics card. Look into your system and list down essential considerations before even embarking into buying the greatest graphics card in the world.
Missing components
The next error that you could do when you install graphics card is on the physical dismantling of the laptop itself. Remember that the video card is connected to your mother board and therefore is inside the system. It is important that you organize your dismantling and never lose screws. Always have the correct screwdrivers when you work on this. Carefully place the components in a secured and organized flat surface. You have to do this to avoid mix ups with the components. You will greatly benefit from doing this as you will be removing the monitor, dismantle the body and unscrew some connections.
Now, when you are about to install graphics card, you have to make sure that you follow the steps very carefully. There are sensitive components so you have to handle everything with care. It is to be remembered that in this part of the installation until building the laptop back again, you need to give extreme care to avoid dangers of system malfunction. Avoiding these issues will help you in upgrading your PC well.
We offer comprehensive support for your PC, connected devices, peripherals and over 500 software applications including:
- Diagnostic & repair for your technologies.
- Troubleshooting software errors.
- Updating drivers and security to protect against online threats.
- Connecting to the Internet, devices and peripherals.
- Optimizing your PC's speed and performance.
Enjoy instant and unlimited access to great tech support, all year around. We promise the lowest wait-time and the highest resolution rate in the industry. The experienced and skilled technicians of iYogi are on call 24x7 to provide you support for resolving any tech issue that you are struggling with.
iYogi's tech experts can provide support for all the major brands of laptops, like Dell, ASUS, Toshiba, Compaq, Lenovo, Dell, etc.


text:
Celtic health insurance of Georgia. Affordable health insurance plans, low rates in Atlanta and around Georgia. Instant insurance quotes, compare plans & apply direct.
Celtic does not offer child only health insurance.
Celtic does not offer maternity coverage.
Copay plans or HSA. Competitive rates. Maternity is not available. Quote, compare and apply direct.
CelticBasic is a value priced plan that is affordable for most budgets. This short video explains the benefits of Celtic Basic health insurance plans.
Celticare Preferred Select is designed for individuals and families looking for something more than just basic health insurance coverage. This short video can help you decide if Celticare Preferred is right for you.
CelticSaver HSA is a quality, high deductible health insurance plan that can be used with a Health Savings Account. Celtic has this video on the benefits of CelticSaver.
If you have questions about any of the Celtic health insurance plans in Georgia, give us a call.


text:
(adj) A concatenation of the words confused and baffled. To be confuffled is to be visibly disoriented and perplexed.
"After a few moments of intense discussion, the teenaged girl flounced off and the boy watched her go, a confuffled expression on his face."
by Silkenvoice April 25, 2008
Confused to the point of inactivity.
by SpiderBasket April 26, 2017
Christopher felt confuffled or confused when he didn't understand.
by Futurama Lover June 09, 2015
buy the domain for your recipe site


text:
This article is about the title insurer. For other uses of fidelity, see Fidelity (disambiguation)
Fidelity National Financial is the second largest title insurer in the U.S. Its three main subsidiaries are Fidelity National Title Group, Fidelity National Property and Casualty Insurance Group as well as Sedgewick CMS, a minority-owned subsidiary. In 2005, Fidelity sold off its ownership stake in Fidelity National Information Services (FIS), which processes transactions for financial institutions.[1] Fidelity's revenues are tied to the real estate market. With fees and premiums earned only from the sales and refinancing of real estate.
On November 26th, 2008, Fidelity announced the signing of a stock purchase agreement with former competitor LandAmerica Financial Group (LFG). Under the terms of the stock purchase agreement, Fidelity National Title Insurance Company will acquire Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation and United Capital Title Insurance Company (both are for $139.4 million, for a total purchase price of $298.0 million.[2]
FNF earned a net income of $222.3 million after incurring a $179.0 million net loss in 2008.
Fidelity operates through three reportable business segments: Fidelity National Title Group, Specialty Insurance, and Corporate and Other.
*Fidelity Title Group: This segment underwrites title insurance.
*Specialty Insurance: This segment issues flood, homeowners', automobile, and other personal insurance policies.
*Corporate and Other: Operations reported in this segment are actions of the holding company or other unallocated activities.
Premiums from Title Insurance policies generate the majority of Fidelity's revenue. Title Insurance policies are sold along with the sale of real estate. When more properties are sold, more premiums can be collected. However, with today's slow market for real estate, fewer properties are sold leaving fewer opportunities for Fidelity to earn premiums from Title Insurance policies.
High interest rates make the option of refinancing mortgages unattractive, since homeowners have to pay more for their loans. Drops in interest rates create a greater incentive to refinance and therefore more opportunities for Fidelity to earn Title Insurance premiums.
During an economic downturn, fewer consumers are willing to purchase a new home, diminishing the number of potential Title Insurance policies. In addition, fewer consumers are willing to purchase new cars and other products covered by Fidelity's Specialty Insurance segment. The reverse is true during an economic expansion. The Economic Cycles affect the U.S. Housing Market, Interest Rates, and the Appreciation of home prices.
The title insurance industry is an oligopoly, with the top five firms contributing 92.6% of the industry's revenues. [6] FNF is currently the second-largest title insurance underwriter and shares a co-leading position with LandAmerica in the commercial title insurance market. FNF's largest competitors are:


text:
28 July 2009 14:00
Exemple de rigging avec Blender
Des fichiers exemples sont fournis.
1 (1 marks)
Founded in late 2003 and heartquartered in France, we are non-profit and independant.
We believe in the open web, think internet services should be sustainable, build for the long term.
While we are re-launching the service, we only accept new members through invitation.


text: Hi all, My parents are having the exact problem described in this thread (and I've been tasked with remote tech support): http://communities.vmware.com/thread/167207 Upon startup, WinXP gives them a BSOD reboot loop while indicating that a DLL file is possibly corrupt. Booting in Safe Mode won't work, and reverting to an earlier snapshot merely delays the problem by 24 hours or so. The obvious and ideal solution would be to boot into Repair mode from the install disc and copy the clean DLL to replace the damaged copy. The problem is that, according to the thread, I'll need to first get Fusion to accept a floppy image of SCSI adapter drivers for me to even be able to enter Repair mode. The link for that image was broken in the thread, but a little Googling directed me here: http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/mi...nguage=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1006956 Is this what I want, or am I looking for something else entirely?


text:
If you can't open your closet because it is so stuffed with designer handbags that if you even turn the knob, a tidal wave of purses will turn your bedroom into a mess, you need help. If you are trying, unsuccessfully, to curb your designer handbag addiction, here are 10 steps to help you give up your designer purse curse.
Giving up your straight-up Handbag addiction!
1. Unlike with a lot of self-help programs, you don't want to try and go cold turkey and stop buying handbags altogether. If you are addicted to handbags it won't work. The first step is to realize that you can't stop your addiction suddenly.
2. The second step is to make a budget. You aren't just going to make a budget for your handbags, listing exactly how many Marc Jacobs you can buy versus Coach bags. You are going to make a budget for everything in your life including rent, utilities and car insurance. Yes, it's a drag, but you have to do it.
3. Now that you have your budget in hand, you are going to limit how many purses you purchase. If you only have $100 extra in your budget, and the Marc Jacobs Clutch costs about $400, you will now know that you can afford to buy one every three months, instead of buying the green leather one and the black one at the same time.
4. If you are having a problem keeping your willpower to not buy a designer handbag, you are going to want to prevent a rash purchase. 20 years ago you would just put the money into a bank, which would have pretty much prevented you from buying a handbag, but with shopping online and ATMs, you are going to want to literally freeze your plastic. Get a big container, fill it with water, put your credit cards in it, and stick it in the freezer. That way, if you want to make a purchase you have to wait for the money to thaw out.
5. Try to avoid temptations. Throw away the tabloids or just don't purchase them to avoid seeing handbags. If you look in some of these rags, you'll see that every week a new celebrity is carrying around a different designer handbag. Sure, it's nice to see who has the same bag that you want, but it's just too tempting to buy the latest it-bag.
6. If you are feeling a bit depressed about not having the latest bag, organize your own collection. Even if you only have a couple of purses, you can spend the time that you would normally spend shopping doing a bit of work on them.
7. If you are sick and tired of carrying around the same handbag, you may want to take some of your older bags out of retirement. Sure, they may have been popular couple years ago, but that doesn't mean you still can't carry them around today. A good handbag will always be a good handbag.
8. To get something new into your wardrobe, you may have to trade or borrow. Hey, it's won't cost you a lot of money, and no one has to know it's not yours.
9. Handbags are expensive things to collect, so you may want to start on another collection. Why not start a stamp collection? Stamps are only $.49 so you could literally buy hundreds of them (if not thousands) for the price of one handbag.
10. If it is that tough to give up your handbag addiction, you may just want go ahead and buy one. You'll be disappointed in yourself, but at least you will have the satisfaction of carrying around the latest bag!
Thursday, January 17, 2008
The 10 Steps to Giving Up Your Designer Handbag Addiction
Posted by Pursespective at 8:01 PM
2 comments:
- Learn mandarin Chinese said...
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- March 19, 2015 at 2:51 AM
- Blogger said...
Shop For Genuine Designer Handbags Online.
- January 13, 2017 at 2:21 AM
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text:
Environmental Justice in Transportation Committee (ADD50)
The Committee on Environmental Justice identifies, advances and publishes research to expand understanding of the effects and implications of transportation policies, procedures and actions on minority and low-income populations (EJ populations), and seeks to improve evaluation tools and methodologies.
The Committee also has a Facebook Group located at https://www.facebook.com/groups/417523858346838/ and a LinkedIn Group located at http://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=4980685&trk=anet_ug_hm where members and friends can communicate between meetings and where we can announce activities or calls for volunteers.
Research Topics
The ADD50 Committee has focused on research in five areas, described below; work continues to build on the past successes in these five areas. Also, the Committee would endeavor to promote cross-cutting activities.
About the Committee
The mission and scope of the TRB Environmental Justice (EJ) in Transportation Committee (ADD50) is to identify, advance and publish research aimed at expanding current and future understandings and improved evaluations of effects and implications of transportation policies, procedures and actions on minority and low-income populations.
The primary mission of this Committee is to engage in research, planning, evaluation, education and outreach associated with environmental justice and transportation equity that would advance the state of the practice for all transportation agencies.
Given the complex links among mobility/accessibility needs, economic opportunities, socio-cultural, environmental and health effects, which are compounded by different strata (e.g., spatial, temporal, modal, generational, gender, racial, cultural, income), this Committee brings a variety of disciplines (e.g., planners, social scientists, epidemiologists, economists, attorneys, engineers, advocates, elected officials and academics) together to advance the Committee's mission and scope.
The Committee uses a variety of venues to disseminate research results to local, state and federal transportation agencies and practitioners attempting to meaningfully address mobility and accessibility needs of minority and low-income communities across the nation and around the world.
For questions about the Committee, please contact:
David Kuehn
Federal Highway Administration
Anne C. Morris
Anne Morris and Associates, LLC
TRB Staff Representative
Monica Starnes
Transportation Research Board
For questions about this website, please contact David Kuehn


text:
New study refutes tobacco-tax cut claim
The New Hampshire Retail Grocers Association, for now at least, is not getting the last word on the economic effects of New Hampshire's cigarette tax.A new study released by the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids refutes the findings of an earlier study released by the New Hampshire Grocers Association that claimed retailers' sales would increase by 11.4 percent -- and the take from assorted state taxes would grow by $13 million -- if the state's cigarette tax is cut by a dime.The House in March voted to cut the cigarette tax by 10 cents, but the measure is still making its way through the legislative process.But economist Brian Gottlob of PolEcon Research in Dover -- who conducted the new study, "The Fiscal and Economic Impacts of Decreasing the Cigarette Tax in New Hampshire, March 2011" denied that lowering or raising the tobacco tax has anything but an effect on tobacco tax revenues.According to Gottlob, if the tax were to be cut by 10 cents, cigarette sales would increase 1.6 percent, but that still would mean a loss of $9 million in tobacco taxes. As for any other tax revenues -- levies on rooms and meals, gasoline and alcohol -- Gottlob said he found that no significant influence from cigarette tax sales.He did say that a key to slower cigarette sales is gasoline. Anything above $3 a gallon, he said, erodes the incentive for out-of-state motorists to purchase cigarettes in New Hampshire.Gottlob also said he questioned the key finding of Retail Grocers' study, which was conducted by two professors at Southern New Hampshire University.He said their results were based on assumptions of "extraordinary changes in cigarette sales" in New Hampshire. He added that those assumptions "are demonstrably implausible and unrealistic by historic standards in New Hampshire or any state in the nation."He said the kind of increase in cigarette sales envisioned because of a 10-cent tax cut would be the third-highest in the last 30 years in New Hampshire. He also said sales haven't fallen significantly, despite four cigarette tax increases since 2003. -- JEFF FEINGOLD/NEW HAMPSHIRE BUSINESS REVIEW


text:
Two Blokes and a Bus in Bloomington, IL
Two Blokes and a Bus! It's based in Bloomington-Normal Illinois and serves globally inspired street food on a british double decker bus named Victoria. All their food is delicious but the best are their Steak Kabobs with sticky rice and asian slaw, Fish and Chips with mushy peas, Flautas and black beans, all their bread puddings. The owner Stefen is charming and hilarious. Come check it out! It's worth the drive!


text:
Nineteenth century charm, with 21st century spirit Vinita is located in Northeastern Oklahoma. This northeast corner of Oklahoma is abundant with natural beauty and recreational activities. More than 120,000 people live with in a 3o mile radius. Vinita is within 60 miles of Tulsa and Joplin, within 200 mile radius of OKC and KC, and with in 300 miles of Dallas and St. Louis.
Founded at the crossroads of the RR. today Vinita is located at the crossroads of 5 major highways. Historic Route 66, Interstate 44, US. Highway 60/69, and State Hwy 2 bring travelers and motor freight carriers to Vinita.
Residents and visitors can enjoy Vinita's beautiful seasons. The average January temp is 43°, spring comes early followed by a warm summer, perfect for days at nearby Grand Lake that has 1300 miles of shoreline.
This area receives 44" of rain and 6" of snow annually. Several events are held during the long Indian summer. The avg # of flying days is 347.
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David Mellor, University of Oxford
It can be argued that cybersecurity is a holistic form of security, the security enabling all other securities, given the digital realities and interconnectivities of the globe today. As the contemporary is full of technological powers and trends that are rapidly changing the world, the character of cybersecurity has profound implications. Moreover, we are in the midst of emergent digital-technical processes that are defining our futurability, that is, the cluster of potentials that shape what happens next. We therefore need a holistic perspective of this holistic security, one that sets the ground for considering cybersecurity as the basis of our societal and existential security in the world-to-come.
Building from the question 'what is cybersecurity?', this thesis argues that networked computing and global digitality has produced a 'moral emergency'. It argues that cyber is always already security because these technologies provide fundamental resources and structures for defining how we ought to live, while significantly disrupting and metamorphosing our social and political lifeworlds. Much of this is currently speculative or in early development, so we must investigate how these potentials and possibilities are likely to unfold, asking questions about the effects of certain designs and desires. We therefore need a 'general cybersecurity' through which to consider the fundamental dynamics of this situation and, from this, how we might choose different techno-societal designs and compose alternative ways of acting to make these possible.
This is considered through the concept of 'cybersecurity anthropotechnics'. Here, cyber means the totality of interconnected digital technologies and their effects, including our mythic relations with computers; while security means the stability, safety, and certainty of the ordering of the structures and processes of the social world. Anthropotechnics concerns the co-productivity of humans and technics, and the unavoidable spatial and symbolic technologies of self and community formation within which humans create secured domesticity. Crucially however, this is a dynamic process always in excess of itself, always causing further disruption and insecurity.
Employing a transdisciplinary approach anchored in social theory, philosophy, and cultural critique, and incorporating history, politics, and design theory, the thesis comprises a series of linked investigations that expand the concept of cybersecurity anthropotechnics. These are organized around four thematic chapters. The first concerns immunology, which draws principally on the work of Peter Sloterdijk and Bernard Stiegler to form an onto-political position concerning the formation of humanity through and with technics; the second concerns the android imaginary, looking at how technics flourish as aspects of modern social imaginaries, with particular emphasis on the figure of the android, or artificial person; the third considers the technosphere, examining the contemporary as historical period and planetary reality, and the resultant radical transformation in the possibilities for immunology; the fourth is about futurability, the politics of time, and engagements in the 'imaginary reconstitution of society', with the objective of designing anthropotechnical futures that prioritize human flourishing and technical health. The thesis concludes by arguing that cybersecurity anthropotechnics be seen as the grounds for fostering forms of sapiential design; creative spaces of ethical wisdom that enable the arts and techniques of living in the digital technosphere.
This section contains summaries of all the sections of the thesis. It outlines the different investigations and arguments.
- The Method of Perseus
The contemporary is full of technological powers and trends that are rapidly changing the world. We are in the midst of a specific digital-technical process that is defining our futurability, the cluster of potentials that shape what happens next. The contemporary is the progenitor of previously unknown and untested configurations of life and living that we need to come to know and to tame, such that the future as Derrida tells us, always arrives as a monstrosity. This tendency is exacerbated in the so-called 'information age', with the exponential rate of digitality, such that, as Stevens shows, cybersecurity practice is overwhelmingly concerned with foreseeing unprecedented futures. The contemporary, futurability, and monstrosity are concepts that are difficult to define and explain and therefore require us to, as Parfit puts it, think thoughts that use these concepts.
Throughout the thesis I adopt what I term the method of Perseus in order to do this. The method involves lightness and care rather than confrontation and argumentation, as it is about ethics and responsibility. This approach also draws on the Liberal Arts notion of encircling a problematic from beyond disciplinary confines. From Guattari I add the notion of chaosmic analysis, being an engagement across complexity that looks to establish a new rhythm for thinking. Practically, this culminates in my undertaking a series of trans-disciplinary investigations, drawing on diverse resources in order to think conceptually. All of which pivots around the research question: what is cybersecurity?
- What is Cybersecurity?
I examine biographically how I arrived at the research question, in the context of recurrent calls for a holistic approach to cybersecurity. From Rid we can see that cyber, like all technologies, is never just facts or operations but also a mythology. From Midgley we learn that mythologies are necessary cognitive maps for comprehending phenomena, but those we have regarding technology may be dulling or stilting our perceptions of their affects. A new mythology is possible, perhaps necessary.
Though cyber can be defined simply as anything to do with networked digital computing, this is a massive and potentially all-encompassing phenomenon. We cannot escape the captivating mix of realities and mythologies surrounding our contemporary machines. Their every existence generates forms of anticipation that can preoccupy and orientate us in all areas of our lives. The spread of digital technology is a 'Cambrian explosion'; a proliferation and diversification so broad and deep that its impacts on major institutions and individuals will be fundamental. Because of this, cyber is prompting a 'moral emergency', as it swiftly evolves as the structural underpinning of today's global reality, providing the context and resources from which we decide how we ought to live. We can argue therefore that cyber is always also already security. Building from Blumenberg's theory of myth we can see this as a rational solution to our deficiency to comprehend the magnitude of global digitality, as we govern anxieties by rationalising technologies that have assumed characteristics once held only by natural forces and by extension the supra-natural anthropomorphised forces of traditional mythology.
Networks are an example of this, and as Jagoda explains, we can examine how our present political, social, scientific, and aesthetic preferences shape how we understand complex connectivity. Such network aesthetics are ways of thinking and knowing about networks, which present existing problems to us in a new light, without necessarily resolving them. McCarthy's novel Satin Island artfully demonstrates how the network is a myth that both reflects and evades reality. Network aesthetics opens an avenue for work with myth not just work on myth, so we can follow Rabinow's attempts at remediation; the provision of a new perspective and the act of setting something right, as we look at the contemporary, futurability, and monstrosity. Yet this necessitates going beyond the ambivalent questioning of network aesthetics.
- Staying with the Trouble of the World
To ask where we are going is to engage with ethical discourse. The legend of Quo Vadis reminds us of the importance of walking towards and staying with the trouble of the world, being present within the turbulence as it is unfolding. Our direct involvement in the dynamics and density of the contemporary provide the best way for us to meet our obligations towards the residents of the future; to confront monstrosity and activate forms of futurability.
- Free to Choose, Forced to Navigate
Comparing concerns in the late work of Deleuze and preoccupations of the NSA in the early 1990s we can see different perceptions on the meaning of control. This highlights a process of substitution where one form of societal fabric was being overlaid by another, through the parallel development of new machine and governance systems. Deleuze calls for new, radical modes of engagement for this emergent reality. The questions raised are fundamentally ethical because they are about public and individual goods: the possibility and potential for societal and personal flourishing, well-being, and liberty, free from anything that might cause harm. Such problematics were examined in the cyberpunk genre from the early 1980s, which challenged classical humanism through blurring the opposition between humans and machines influenced by the unfolding reality of digital technologies. In this frame, the essential tension of cyberpunk is the endless oscillation between utopia and dystopia, between liberation and oppression. Using artistic performances of subversion, which are network aesthetics, we can demonstrate the cyberpunk oscillation is embedded in our culture and subjectivity. As such, we are all cyberpunks now, in the sense that we both freely choose and are forced to navigate a world of ubiquitous digitality. We also see how cyberspace technologies are always understood through metaphor and symbolism that exceed, yet are integral to, the sum of their parts.
- On Technical Health
There is always a dynamic, imaginative aspect to ethical discourse. This is not a flaw in rational thinking but a product of the conditions of value that define humanity. Agamben defines this as existence as possibility or potentiality, which for him is what makes ethics effective. Working with Stiegler and Sloterdijk we can see that conditions of value are always-already enmeshed with technics, because technology is always a prerequisite and a component of human potentiality. And as with natural world in Blumenberg's example, we are out-of-step with technologies, meaning that the rational function of myth is an integrated aspect of our technical-being and potentiality. Following the processes of informational globalisation and digitalisation we are in a situation where our technologies have become indistinct in their nature and magnitude, meaning that attempts to govern our anxieties about them proliferate. Cyber is a mythic construct that operates in myriad forms to rationalise and render comprehensible our densely complex, anxiety-ridden relationships with and within the contemporary world of digital technologies. Once again, cyber is also always already security.
It is a mistake to consider humans as the 'subjects' of history and technology as the 'objects', because in reality there is an undecidable relation between the two. The genesis of what we think of as 'human' corresponds intimately with the genesis of what we consider technics. It is vital that we comprehend the nature of technical evolution because in the current period technics have become highly complex and difficult to understand, and therefore it is uncertain whether we can actually predict or orientate the dynamic evolution of technology.
I interpret Deleuze's call for 'new weapons' as an appeal for anticipation, the proactive orientation of speculation and imagination, and of care and craft, towards the more-than-now. This connects with Haraway's mode of 'staying with the trouble', avoiding the cyberpunk oscillation through remaining active in the present as unfinished progenitor of futurity. Anticipation is a form of 'staying with the trouble' and engaging with 'existence as possibility' that is inventive and responsible.
This is a form of possibility that Stiegler captures in his use of the concept of the pharmakon. The pharmakon enables care to be taken and is that of which care must be taken; it is both cure and poison. Technologies in all their forms are by their very nature pharmacological, because they are what facilitates all human psychical and social being. Being both potentially poison and cure, we can see the anticipatory duality inherent in all technics. Transcending hopes and fears, anticipation is a form of pharmacological thinking that allows us to appropriately engage with the dual promise of technology. Based on this understanding, ethics as a matter of individual and public goods then become a matter of technical health. Every civilizational stage has an ethics of technics – of technical health – in some shape, as its core dynamic. Today we need an analytic capacity for dealing with the ambiguous complexities of the global problematic of digitality.
- Anticipation and Cybersecurity Anthropotechnics
High-profile declarations by technologists, scientists, and philosophers demonstrate the emerging challenge of digital technologies within what Schneier calls the world-size-robot. Though useful for setting the context, their claims need to be tempered with a historical perspective on how technology has defined the limits of what can be done socially and individually. We must maintain a strong perspective on how technology is put to work rather than imagine it has inherent or teleological power. Jasanoff reminds us to remain aware of the power and intent that designed our modes of living. Nonetheless the technological developments highlighted are substantially re-designing our modes of living, intentionally and through unintentional consequences. This means we are facing a moral emergency because cyber has swiftly emerged and continues to evolve as a vital component of the structural underpinning of today's global reality and moral imaginary. The digital contemporary is pressing the question of how we ought to live.
Effective anticipation for the digital contemporary can be achieved through cybersecurity anthropotechnics. In this concept, cyber means the totality of interconnected digital technologies and their effects, while also representing the mythic relations that we have between ourselves and computers. Due to this combined material and mythic status, cyber is always already also a matter of security. Very broadly, security means the stability, safety, and certainty of the ordering of the structures and processes of the social world, and how this impacts the dynamics of everyday communal and personal lives. Security can therefore involve a multitude of different relationships through scales from individual psyches to geopolitics, but it is through the imbrication of security with the physical, communicative, symbolic, and imaginary systems of digital technologies that organize our focus. Security is not a static property, but something that needs to be understood as a multiplicity in relation to emerging occurrences of cyber. In all instances cybersecurity is taken to be about the necessarily open-ended questions regarding public and individual well-being with respect to digital technologies.
Anthropo denotes the human, while technics refers to technical. What is important is their conjunction, which illustrates three things: firstly, that humanity was yielded from pre-humanity with technics, and they are essentially co-productive; secondly, that humans are beings who domesticate themselves through technologies of self-nurturing and self-tending, thereby creating the spatial and symbolic relations of their own 'secured domesticity'; thirdly, because the processes of domestication are unavoidable, humans must form opinions about the regulation of their self-maintenance while engaging in self-fashioning through inhabiting practices. Anthropotechnics is a form of 'techno-mytho-logy' that can be utilised in order to better comprehend our co-inhabitation of the spaces of the contemporary world, which are constituted by longstanding technologies, rapidly emerging technological forms, and techniques of self and community. Cybersecurity anthropotechnics is expanded through investigations in the following four chapters.
Successive waves of technology have changed how we make ourselves operable and domesticated. We need to comprehend the current 'problem space' of technology as pharmacological, where the pharmakon as the given truth of technics is a reality that generates problems. Given our essential potentiality this reality is also one of krisis and praxis. Krisis means a decision, a judgment, and therefore a turning point, a shift in direction. Praxis is the field of action where ideas and practice interlock in order for something to be realised in the conditions of human life. Cybersecurity anthropotechnics explores the grounds necessity for practical, ethical action.
- Humanity as an Exercise in Historical Space
Jasanoff explains that science and technology have attempted to reimagine and reinvent human society for two centuries. The notion of sociotechnical imaginaries looks to understand how fertile ideas lead to fixed things and how the processes of this imaginary become embedded in national and transnational forms of governance, structuring our life worlds. This builds on foundational work on social imaginaries from Anderson and Taylor. We need not only study the dynamics of sociotechnical imaginaries, we can also be involved in their shaping. Here we can draw on Levitas' work on the imaginary reconstitution of society. This is not unreconstructed utopianism but a recognition that modern human collectivity of all scales is the result of on-going exercise: the recurrent practical application of ideas in dynamic relations with and within space. Altogether, this provides the best heuristic context within which we can apply the term cyberspace.
With Heidegger and Foucault we can demonstrate how we can consider this as a matter of the politics of historical ontology, linked to Taylor's notion of situated freedom. We therefore need an appropriate sociotechnical imaginary for the political-ethical orientating of life worlds in cyberspace. This is an integral aspect of cybersecurity anthropotechnics, which can be understood through the work of Stiegler and Sloterdijk, guided by an investigation of the sociotechnical imaginary of immunology.
- Stiegler and Technics
For Stiegler, the a priori separation between the technical and the human is a fallacy. The genesis of technics corresponds with the genesis of 'the human' and therefore with temporality as such. This co-genesis forms the dynamic processes within which the future of human-technical exists – technics form the 'horizon' of human existence. We can argue that humanity is by definition anthropotechnical. The paleo-archaeological record can be used to support this position. The arrival of the high-technicity of the digital contemporary therefore, indicates a change in degree rather than of kind, regarding current processes of human-technical entwining.
Prostheses are not an extension of the human body but what defines it as human; there will always be an undecidable relation between the human 'who' and the technical 'what'. The indeterminability of human existence is generated by an uncontrolled cultural inheritance and an undetermined set of future potentialities. Technologies are pharmaka as they are always creating disequilibria in the societies that develop them and which they in turn develop. For Stiegler, we need to capture the inventiveness of technologies – the pharmacology of technics – and not be captured by them.
- Stiegler and Organology
From the industrial era to the present day there has been an increased awareness of the roles played by technical objects, yet this has commonly missed the irreducible and originary human relation to the technical, mistaking it for a new phenomenon. The retention and extension of memory enabled by technics – again originary – has become industrialized, something now digitized, as in the statistical relevance of search engine results. For Stiegler, the supplementation of human retentional finitude involves economic priorities, such that the automation of memory is political. Digital exteriorization of the human is producing one of the most powerful ruptures in the manner that human-technics have been co-constituted. There is no techno-destiny here because automation is a longstanding always-already process. The necessity, for Stiegler, is that this emergent epoch is met with the right kinds of political decisions about how our reality of co-constitution is inhabited. Presently, certain economic imperatives according to values about time and value are dominant, appearing destined yet requiring contestation.
Forecasts suggest sweeping changes in the labour market due to automation, with potentially negative or positive outcomes. Stiegler contends all projected relations of instrumental exteriority between human and machine will result in tragedy, as the constitutional processes of the human through prostheses will be radically altered in the world of work. Scientific management techniques, most recently the main source of profit, are in the process of being replaced with activities of consumption. Through digitality, the economy has a proliferation of technically enabled capillaries where monetized data can be produced via practices of consumption. This is emphatically not a process of alienation as processes of exteriorization are of course constitutive of the human – the question is how this exteriorization takes place and how resultant knowledge provides societal and individual benefits. For Stiegler there is the potential in this scenario for the liberation of work rather than the capture by algorithmic governmentality.
- Sloterdijk and Spherology
Sloterdijk contends that humanity is a spatial species. For humans to be spatial is to say that they create interiors, climates, dwellings or shelters, within which the species is constituted and continuous. Truth is therefore to be found not in metaphysics but in metabiology, meaning the forms of coexistence that humans create in order to protect themselves from the harsh realities of existence. Human being – Heidegger's Dasein – is therefore domesticated in non-trivial spaces or spheres. Such spheres have climactic conditions with ontological consequences, affecting those who dwell within. So humans are never naked or alone as they are thrown-into-spheres; they are always escorted by things and signs, effects of domestication that precede them.
These anthropogenic islands are a 'topological secret' that philosophy has mostly ignored. But this blend of real and virtual is the reality horizon for the human world. All forms of anthropogenic island are immunological as they create the conditions for human togetherness and, therefore, for history to occur. Fundamental in this are technologies that are both material and psychopolitical, that is, moods of belonging and their resultant strategies. The sciences of modernity have significantly disturbed and displaced older metaphysical immunological structures, so we have been progressively replacing them with technical immune systems and strategies. Sloterdijk calls this a 'wounding by machines' as the processes of enlightenment dislodge humanity's narcissistic paradises, resulting in a comprehensive house-building, immunological project. Waves of globalization and increasing global interconnectedness have further increased this process of humanity's move from religio-politico-symbolic immunology towards efforts to achieve the status of technical titans. We therefore cannot help but be involved in the design of climates for human life, of atmotechnics.
- Sloterdijk and Anthropotechnics
Humans do not dwell passively in spheres; they are creatures of inhabitation who are always doing something that contributes to their own domestication. We are, in my terms, machine-metaphor-engineers. Anthropotechnics therefore concerns the unavoidable realities of self-fashioning and self-maintenance for humanity; the active role they play in concert with the technical things that result in their self-domestication. This operates at the level of the 'human park', a way of understanding communal spaces and their affects, in all aspects from bioengineering to architecture to information technologies to the ecology, and all their current and emergent interrelations. It also operates at the level of the individual, who for Sloterdijk is constituted through the exercise of particular habits, all of which occur within the atmotechnics of the human park. Sloterdijk warns that the global society, such as it is, does not have an efficient co-immunological system. Now, he argues, is the time to work concretely and consistently on building one, through encoding forms of anthropotechnics that suit existence in the 'context of all contexts'.
- Immunology and Technical Health
The habitat and habits of human self-domestication and technical co-constitution are now those of the technosphere; at once, the global and everyday reality of digitality. The structuring of the technosphere is a matter of immunology – generalised cybersecurity – as it has fundamental implications for general well-being. Sloterdijk's atmotechnics becomes the basis for ethics and politics, key debates on how we ought to live.
If we are to participate in this sociotechnical imaginary and re-constitution of society, the genealogy of immunology in political and biological discourse, and the development of such analogical reasoning and metaphoric borrowing, should be taken into account. This helps contextualise but does not damage the project. Further, we should consider technical health as a matter of dual pharmaka: from Stiegler, the ambivalence of technics; from Derrida, the co-dependency of defining what is 'good' and what is 'harmful', a system that has a self-referential frame. While we can deconstruct immunology like this, we cannot step 'outside' the technosphere, as our co-constitution with technics generates disequilibrium and therefore krisis. The undecidability highlighted shows that individual and public goods are a matter of metabiology and biopolitics, and therein our praxis.
From Luhmann we see that systems facing environmental complexity must enact strategies of self-selection. This can be regarded as a form of necessary pragmatism. In terms of a general cybersecurity we can view this in terms of Stiegler's contention that we capture the inventiveness of technics, not be captured by merely apparent economic or techno-teleological imperatives. Working through Esposito we can imagine the possibility of an affirmative biopolitics. By seeing that the complexity of the technosphere undermines all political projects that seek to unilaterally define 'life' and 'living', we can open things up to what Foucault called 'new schemas of politicization'. Yet we must also recognize our weakness to overdetermine or steer the autopoiesis of technological systems.
- Fallen Robots
Robots, particularly androids, are key to our imaginaries concerning the role of technology in our society-to-come; they populate our popular cultural cyberfutures as well as responses to real world engineering challenges. A case study of the DARPA robotics challenge demonstrates this, particularly public focus on the robots failures and falls. We can explore what laughter at the robots might mean in terms of bathos, krisis, parody, and soft landings in potential futures. Through juxtaposition with Gormley's Angel of the North we can examine our imaginative practices as machine-metaphor-engineers. This is a process of imaginative futurability, as Tavares's film Robots of Brixton illustrates, that is always built from the genealogy of our present psychopolitics. We therefore need to engage in careful wisdom techniques in order to appreciate this situation and the potentialities it opens.
I argue the android imaginary is a key aspect of our emergent domestication and co-inhabitation. To look at the android imaginary is to undertake an exercise that is similar in some respects to Foucault's 'history of the present', as it investigates the heterogeneous elements that define the contemporary. What the anthropotechnical view does is take the inquiry further another step, so that it can consider the 'history of the future'; the modes through which futurability is actualised across the contemporary. This can be achieved is through cultural analysis, describing what Geertz called our suspension in 'webs of significance'.
- Should Robots Commit Crimes?
We are in the process of going about engineering our social spaces to contain forms of non-human, autonomous agents. They are agents because they do things and cause things to happen in social spaces. It may not be long before we have general purpose robots and for such machines to achieve something like legal quasi-personhood. For safety and security reasons, and for restitution reasons, we will need to hold robotic agents morally and legally responsible for their actions, especially when something goes wrong. We can examine this by asking 'should robots commit crimes?', in order to better understand the systems of categorisation available to define the actions of what Asaro calls 'general-purpose robots'.
Such robots might be considered as material agents and fall within civil laws and product liability. Owners might have some form of legal responsibility for the actions of robots. Yet we must also consider if a robot can act criminally, that is, of its own accord in such a way that would normally be punished. The fundamental problems are questions of the applicability of moral agency and the possibility of reform and punishment for a robot. We must carefully consider these issues, as if no individual has responsibility we risk ending up with organizations and systems that are increasingly designed for irresponsibility. The design of a general-purpose robot is a mode of futurability that exceeds the technical and should be thought of across what Foucault called the apparatus; the broad conditions of possibility.
The Campaign to Stop Killer Robots works to achieve a pre-emptive ban on autonomous weapons that operate without human intervention. We can examine the campaign through the method of cultural techniques, which develops Foucault's approach to apparatus. We can see how the debate around such machines produces representations of particular systems while simultaneously re-enacting a historical imaginary that these representations depend upon. Under analysis, the campaign can be seen not as about human vs machine but as an ethical claim about acceptable decision-making techniques regarding human life; it is therefore part of a far more complex field of techno-biopolitics. The singular act of 'killing' sits atop a dense apparatus concerning the technological practices of human life. Thus, the situation regarding robots and their participation in drawing and redrawing distinctions around 'living' is a complex one. We need a broader notion of robot ethics than individualised ethics generally permits. Disruptive digital technologies lead us to ask questions about morals and develop new social norms at a pace that struggles to match their development. Therefore we require working definitions of things that do not yet exist, a form of speculative moral design, and this a key aspect of cybersecurity anthropotechnics.
- Cyberjunk and Floating Leviathans
In working towards speculative moral design we need to consider the dynamics of the historical imaginary. We should do this through considering the effects of technicity in various modes: as media, artefacts, habitats, habits, and norms. One way of doing this is through comprehending robots as part of, while also constituting, our dominant economic science fiction, building from Chang's work. The temporal disquiet of Stålenhag's science fiction narratives allows us to comprehend this, as the economic apparatus, its operations and consequences take centre stage through his work. We see this through the socially fallen robot; excluded, marginalised, obsolescent cyberjunk. It is also apparent through the grand scale of homo-economicus, its vast silos and floating leviathans. These analyses allow us to appreciate the operative logics – cultural techniques – which forms of the android imaginary enable and through which they are in turn enabled.
- Have We Always Been Anthrobots?
Looking at Hobbes Leviathan and Neto's Leviathan Thot as a further way of understanding the grandest scale of the 'android' or artificial person, we can consider de Miranda et al's proposition of the anthrobot. The anthrobot is conceived as a human collective and hybrid system made from flesh and protocols, with a fluctuating zone of embodiment. This is similar in some respects to Munford's megamachine – the 'socio-technical crowd' – and several exploratory applications are considered. The anthrobotic perspective aims to consider socially beneficial forms of robotics and automation. Anthrobotics and its antecedents can therefore be considered as a type of android imaginary.
- Smog Above, Desert Below
Agamben introduces 'the contemporary' as a persona, someone able to see the obscurity and darkness of the present. We can use this to avoid being drawn to the 'lights' of specific or general technologies, instead considering how the present epoch of technics brings-forth the world in particular ways. Through a critical reading of Heidegger we can consider what he called the essence of technology, which is about the dominant modes and logics that underpin technology, and the manner in which these reveal or un-conceal the world. Technology is, fundamentally, poiesis, as similar to poetry it brings-forth the world in a particular framing. According to Heidegger the essence of modern technology is a challenging-forth, a negative process, yet we are equipped to choose a different approach. We must be aware of our capacities and carefully consider the dominant mode of domestication, something the method of the contemporary persona can activate. This is key for inquiring into the present as contemporaneity, a densely heterogeneous reality that neither a continuation or a complete break from previous historical periods.
The essence of the digital present can be brought froth itself in the manner of poiesis, which involves work on defining contemporary human existence by doing what Calvino calls 'tracing its confines'. Smith's work on contemporaneity in the field of contemporary world art helps map out this approach. Through this we can think the present in a substantive manner, as contemporaneity, which gives it a distinct historicity and does not position it as a cognate of modern. This is the context we must better comprehend for a general cybersecurity and as machine-metaphor-engineers who are currently re-making themselves as residents of the technosphere, a concept adopted and adapted in this chapter.
- Six Tempos for the Next Millennium
Taking inspiration from Calvino's essays I re-compose 'six tempos for the next millennium'. These tempos are artistic and literary fragments that can be seen to be creatively engaged with contemporaneity, exposing it for review. We return to the method of Perseus, the refusal to look directly at the monstrosity of current times while not denying the burden of this reality. In articulating this we can draw on the allegorical giants of Swift and Rabelais to suggest a balance between the abominable and the humane, developing an aesthetic methodology of the present-day. This is linked to Mouffe's work on agonistics and the political dimensions of artistic practices. The six tempos are: Damien Hirst's exhibition Treasures from the Wreck of the Unbelievable, David Mazzucchelli's graphic novel Asterios Polyp, Isa Genzken's Fuck the Bauhaus, Tom McCarthy's novel Satin Island, Simon Stålenhag's book The Electric State, and Tacita Dean's film JG. Each tempo exhibits disquiet and dislocation, enabling us to think of concentric spaces of contemporaneity, which are familiar yet uneasy.
Such unease is developed though Foucault's concept of heterotopia, which can be understood as a non-oppositional yet differentiated space where it is possible to think differently. Though Foucault describes heterotopia as 'actually existing utopia', the concept is not linked to a place of promise, hope, or liberation, as fundamentally heterotopias are disturbing places, which 'draw us out of ourselves' in strange ways, displaying and inaugurating a difference and challenge. In this frame, the density of the present can be seen as effectively a further pharmakon, as its heterotopian nature draws us to krisis; a challenge to the space where we feel at home, a challenge that allows us to consider the nature of our residence. Essentially the shared global techno-ecology of contemporaneity is ambiguous, yet this should not lead to ambivalence; it should result in efforts to better critically understand this shared reality and better efforts to carry to burden of monstrosity, born through the architecture of our domesticity.
- Technosphere and Metamorphosis
The concept of the technosphere can be employed and developed to better understand this architecture. The technosphere is situated as an extension of discourses about the Anthropocene. From Haff we understand the technosphere as the overlapping global communication, transport, bureaucratic, and other networks that metabolize fossil fuels other energy resources. The technosphere is modern technology viewed from 'the outside', a total mass and paradigmatic Earth System, resulting in a biogeophysical impact in recent centuries. From this we can see that modern human existence is entirely dependent on the technosphere. The technosphere is, using Morton's term, a hyperobject; an entity of vast spatial and temporal dimensions that cannot be fully realized in particular local instances. Due to their nature, hyperobjects require a different kind of political and ethical engagement, noted in a link to Anders 'inverted Utopians'. The hyperobject technosphere of the present exceeds singular definitional attempts. It is heterotopian and this is why futurability appears quite such a monstrosity. As such the digitization of the technosphere has produced a radical transformation in the possibilities for immunology.
The extent of this regarding a general cybersecurity can be seen through the work Rare Earthenware by the artistic collective Unknown Fields Division. This work illustrates the coming together of geopolitics, transnational production, limited natural resources, digitized subjectivity, and ecological toxicity: specifically I discuss these issues through the concepts of structural violence and dead zones of the imagination. Therefore the hyperobject Technosphere provides only one way of conceptualizing the Technosphere; there are also countless instances where we can conceptualize the ordinary technosphere, to draw on the usage in Puech, all of which further shifts the possibilities for immunology qua cybersecurity.
The ordinary technosphere is enabled through and enables communicative globalization. From Smith we see this is a necessary precondition of contemporaneity, this epoch being radicalized through digitalization. In this sense, the technosphere is the paradigm necessary for situating Beck's hypothesis about the metamorphosis of the world. For Beck we are experiencing a metamorphosis that is not 'social change' but a mode of changing the nature of human existence, where old certainties subside and something quite different is emerging. Metamorphosis (like pharmakon) is non-deterministic and points towards the importance of political decisions. In metamorphosis 'the world' and 'the individual' are no longer conceptual strangers due to the spaces of spaces; cosmopolitanized milieus that are spaces of action potentially open to everyone, where actions and events can occur. This has the effect of disturbing previously stable distinctions and categories. Through Beck – recalling Stiegler and others – we can argue therefore that the 'essence' of digitality is cosmopolitan; the turning of any space into every space, through radical non-representationalism: speculatively, recalling Heidegger, a 'mobile reserve'. More, the resultant disruption to society means that the experience of culture as contemporaneity is a consequence of the digital metamorphosis of the technosphere. As such, this is the dominant mode of domestication.
We can take this remediation further, following Tresch, by expanding Sloterdijk's anthropotechnics-as-domestication as a matter of anthropotechniques, thereby viewing the technosphere as also being constituted by the techniques that are situated among humans and technics. The technosphere therefore combines and is constituted by forms of praxis. If we realise that this is the ecological reality of the technosphere then we may be able to develop better wisdom techniques, making the move through krisis to praxis, on grounds similar to Latour's compositionist approach. Compositionist techniques should involve disciplined explorations into the potential capacities and consequences of current anthropotechnics. Modern science attempts something similar via the techno-scientific imaginary of control, but the aim here is to argue for the imaginary and contingent methods of wisdom. This is developed with reference to Guattari's work on ecosophy: links are also made between the gazes of the 'Angel of History' and the Gorgon through Natterer's The Witch's Head. Such a poiesis of technology, knowing and 'tracing the confines' of the digital present, is positioned as a form of speculative planetology and the centre of the cybersecurity anthropotechnics perspective.
- Between Ithacas and Amistics
Cavafy's poem Ithaca reminds us that futurability is not found in projections but in the actions of the present. In the novel Seveneves, Stephenson uses the concept of Amistics to explore the choices that cultures make regarding technologies that are available to them. Taken together, these examples are used to raise the questions: What does it mean to act on the future in the present, and what does it mean to be selective about technology? From du Sautoy we see the complexities of making apparently simple mathematical predictions for physical systems, from which we can extrapolate the difficulties of technological prediction. From Lorenz we can see that the future is determined by the present, but that the 'approximate present does not approximately determine the future'. Here we see the need to contemplate the materialization of the future through an agile balance between Ithacas and Amistics. We therefore need to work toward enabling a pro-anticipatory futurability within the context of contemporaneity. This is the objective of cybersecurity anthropotechnics, and this chapter sets out a series of investigations that aim to work towards a 'superior description of reality'.
Through Urry we can explore the many ways that future thinking has operated in the modern West. This includes the necessity for imagining various kinds of social futures, despite problems with wicked and uncertain futures, unknown unknowns, and un/intended consequences. Such social futures – in all their forms, I argue – are necessarily types of sociotechnical imaginaries. Unlike many mainstream positions they are not overdetermined by techno-teleology or market logics but are democratized, participatory, and planned (agile). They are viewed as complex systems drawn out through space-time that involve social and physical systems that are powerful though potentially unstable and fragile. Futures must be examined as composed of complex, insecure, interdependent, adaptive systems. General cybersecurity, as immunology, must reside within such complex systems thinking; indeed the primary function of such thinking is anticipatory immunology.
Futures are always already contested and saturated with investments and interests. We can therefore enter this process of contestation of possibility. Urry raises and restores the notion of planning. We can also mobilize the discourse of design, a more pro-anticipatory approach, I argue, informed by Sloterdijk and Stiegler. This is particularly important with the non-linear innovation of technologies, which are generally non-determinable in their systemic organizations or effects. All futures need to be equally technological and social: they need to be civic potentialities of co-inhabitation. Further, we can draw on Levitas to use utopia as a heuristic device employed for examining and analysing contemporary societies, thereby enabling the imaginary reconstitution of society; a focus on normativity, the meaning of 'the human' and human flourishing. Through Levitas, utopia can be considered as a process involving circular iterations of archaeological, ontological, and architectural modes, with the objective of confirming the structural openness of the present. This is an integral aspect of cybersecurity anthropotechnics, one that is examined in the investigations in this chapter. Archaeology involves the examination and recombination of forms of future thinking in order to expose them to scrutiny and debate. Ontology concerns the way that common goods and human flourishing are posited in forms of futures thinking. Architecture is the imagining of a future world and its reconstituted structural and institutional forms.
- Chronopolitics and Cybersecurity Baroque
Berardi considers the composition of the future via three conceptual frames: possibility, potency, and power. Possibility is always inscribed and immanent in the present world, potency is the subjective and collective will and energy that transforms possibility into actualities, while power concerns the selection of certain possibilities over others through inclusion and exclusion. Therefore possibility is always plural and selected. Possibilities are not limitless but a plural field the constitutes futurability. From Innerarity we can see that this should be considered the grounds for a politics of time – a chronopolitics – within which we can cultivate a healthy relationship with the future, a matter I argue must be considered through the notion of technical health. Further, from Innerarity we also see the lateral possibilities of the present that so-called 'realism' elides.
Within contemporaneity the horizon of possibility is hard to distinguish due to the semiotic over-loading and technical ubiquity of the digital infosphere. There is an inverse relationship between techno-societal dynamism and knowing the future. Key too are the various and widespread modalities of acceleration in the present period, the 'always more' and 'endless increase' of the technological and economic. To work toward anticipatory immunology we must comprehend the temporal landscape of contemporary society, while attempting to build alter-synchronizations that configure a future that is stable and secure. The secure operations of digital systems – of cybersecurity – are key to this essential chronopolitics of contemporaneity. Stevens demonstrates how chronopolitics is an integral aspect of professional and strategic forms of current cybersecurity communities of practice. The temporal perspectives of these communities are fundamentally constitutive of the politics and practices of cybersecurity. Cybersecurity is openly promoted as a holistic form of security for our times, such that we must examine its operational and political logics, and this needs to be done in ways that go deeper than regular security analyses. We must understand the conditions through which contemporary regimes of security have emerged, and given the extending reach of cybersecurity operations and logics across the wider milieu this is a very important task.
Different conceptions of time – chronotypes – inform social existence and shape political behaviours. Periodization, revolution, speed and acceleration are key forms of chronotype at work in cybersecurity, which as Stevens demonstrates are linked to characterizations of post-modernity and the material realities of computational temporalities. More, the standard narrative of cybersecurity communities is that all forms of security converge and depend upon the global information-technological substrate, meaning that national, economic, personal or global securities are all facilitated by cybersecurity. Taken together this results in an atemporal and apparently open horizon, where the future exists as a present urgency. This is demonstrable in the slippage from 'mundane insecurity' to 'global insecurity', where existential crises and catastrophes overwhelm the sociotechnical imaginary of digitality.
From Dillon's analysis of the biopolitics of security we can establish what I call the cybersecurity baroque. From Dillon (and Foucault) we see the baroque is not merely a fixed historic or aesthetic period but is a field of emergence, formation and problematization, which extends as a neo-baroque into the present day. The formation of problematics of governance and being in the historical baroque, brought about by the withdrawal of the Christian God, led to a profound lack in the intelligibility of human affairs. The dynamic manipulation of appearance and inventive modes of expression through the sciences and epistemologies that characterized early modernity were efforts to bridge this lack with radically evolving forms of human artifice. Thus the present is not defined by lack but by the problem space of the pluripotency of morphological inventiveness and capacities – the seemingly open possibilities for the creation of life and its governance. This biopolitics is necessarily chronopolitical because it involves the foundational chronotype of what Dillon defines as the 'infinite government of finite things'. We therefore inhabit a political temporality defined by 'factical finitude' such that our exposure to the apparatuses of governance is dictated by the political operationalization of this chronotype, which Dillon contends is especially expressed in the politics of security. Simply put, life as continuous emergence means life as continuous emergency. Through the frame of cybersecurity baroque, we can examine two themes. Firstly, how digital and molecular revolutions have re-coded 'life' in the era of global liberal systemic interdependence, and of information and auto-animation. Secondly, how cybersecurity may be understood through the concept of the katechon; once the force of restraint against anarchy in classical geo-politics, now arguably a force for acceleration of the vital forces of being-in-formation, of control via digital powers in neo-baroque times.
- Prometheanism and Sapiential Design
Through a discussion of Agamben and Virno the overcoming of the logics of the katechon is considered. Via Agamben we can see that we require a different kind of chronopolitics where the katechon is 'emptied back' into the reality it has actually been constructed from and has only been assumed to transcend. Instead we should engage with the immanent processes through which we are necessarily entangled with technics and continuously compelled to be so. From Esposito we can see that it is possible to imagine a social immunology that is not self-destructive, where immunity is deepened towards the interests of community. This presupposes an openness to dynamic care and the enrichment of potential through encounters with the outside; specifically through the implanting of strangers, where the stranger is primarily technik (of technics and techniques). This notion of technical strangeness is linked to Stiegler's organology and Sloterdijk's atmotechnics. Here, it is claimed, we can move towards immunology as what Sloterdijk calls antigravitation, systems that raise our spherological being in ways that attend to what Stiegler calls neganthropology.
The notion of creative delay is then introduced. Such delays are chronopolitical interventions, where technologies can be viewed as unfinished artefacts of temporary crystallization that can be altered through debate and struggle. This requires a form of organization that is radically unfree, in the sense that it is socially participatory (a social futurability) rather than a progressive market, and following Vanderburg, an 'order of sense' into which creations must be placed. Although as previously noted we must recognize our weakness to overdetermine or steer the autopoiesis of technological systems, this cannot result in or excuse inaction. As Feenburg argues, we must debate the variety of possible technologies and pathways they could create. The specific immunological function of the creative delay is to guarantee that this debate can occur, through ensuring that all effects (positive and negative) of technological change are held up to enable different design choices: the recognition of lateral possibilities. I therefore argue for cybersecurity anthropotechnics as a 'design philosophy' with a focus on the compositional architecture of futurability. From Colman we can take the notion of 'architecture as artisanship', where it can be see not as a blueprint approach but a crafting of openness and sufficient flexibility in the spheres for living, making the important link to Sloterdijk. Therefore, we can see that architecture is not just a metaphor, or a heuristic as in Levitas, but the already-present spherological reality of our machine-metaphor-engineering. Latour makes the important argument that the time of 'critique' has passed with the ubiquitous unmasking of contingency, domination and power, and that a new form of engagement is required. He names this compostionalism, where the critic does not debunk but rather assembles: creates 'arenas' where participants can gather in order to care for 'matters of concern'. The connection between compostionalism and katechon is therefore considered, with Berardi's articulations of potency and power incorporated. This is enhanced through Rabinow and Stavrianakis's work on 'designs on the contemporary', where they argue for a focus on the current arenas and struggles of innovation, transformation, and traditions of all varieties.
Drawing to conclusion it is argued that given the inextricable digital-materiality of our shared environments of future-making, the politics of humanity that Innerarity calls for will necessarily be a programme for cybersecurity anthropotechnics. Caring for technical health means attending to things at varying coordinates. Things that are intimately close, the technics and techniques that texture our lives and spirits; things that are proximately emerging, the remnants and challenges of the present common world; and things that are strangely distant, the Technosphere itself and the post-contiguous generations who will be the residents of the science fiction novel we are currently adapting for reality. Ultimately technical health depends on how we transmit spaces of possibility through digital potentialities across the ecologies of individuals, communities, and environments of the Technosphere-to-come.
24. The conclusion draws together all the major points from the foregoing investigations, while considering a move from the method of Perseus to the flight of Pegasus.


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- What: Disneyland Adventures
- Where: The Hut
- Current Price: £22.95
- Disneyland Adventures Price Comparison
Having Disneyland Adventures demonstrated to me by an adult member of Microsoft's European marketing team was one of the most surreal things I've ever experienced, and the game is just as surreal. And, more to the point, it's actually surprisingly competent. It's only good for kids, but the Kinect controls work well, there's plenty to do and lots to explore. Coolshop have the cheapest price around at the moment.


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Dust jacket by Donato Giancola
Published by Night Shade Books.
Today the names of H. P. Lovecraft, Robert E. Howard, August Derleth, and Clark Ashton Smith, all regular contributors to the pulp magazine Weird Tales during the first half of the twentieth century, are recognizable even to casual readers of the bizarre and fantastic. And yet despite being more popular than them all during the golden era of genre pulp fiction, there is another author whose name and work have fallen into obscurity: Seabury Quinn.
Quinn's short stories were featured in well over half of Weird Tales's original publication run. His most famous character, the supernatural French detective Dr. Jules de Grandin, investigated cases involving monsters, devil worshippers, serial killers, and spirits from beyond the grave, often set in the small town of Harrisonville, New Jersey. In de Grandin, there are familiar shades of both Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes and Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot, and alongside his assistant, Dr. Samuel Trowbridge, de Grandin's knack for solving mysteries—and his outbursts of peculiar French-isms (Grand Dieu!)—captivated readers for nearly three decades.
Collected for the first time in trade editions, The Complete Tales of Jules de Grandin presents all ninety-three of Seabury Quinn's stories starring the supernatural detective Jules de Grandin. Presented in chronological order over five fully cloth-bound hardcover volumes, with artwork from acclaimed artist Donato Giancola, Night Shade Books is proud to present the definitive collection of an iconic pulp hero.
The third volume, The Dark Angel, includes all of the Jules de Grandin stories from "The Lost Lady" (1931) to "The Hand of Glory" (1933), as well as "The Devil's Bride," the only novel-length work featuring de Grandin (serialized in Weird Tales over six issues in 1932), an introduction by George Vanderburgh and Robert Weinberg, and a foreword by Darrell Schweitzer.
Seabury Quinn was born in 1889 in Washington, DC. A World War I veteran, Quinn was both a lawyer and a journalist for most of his life, as well as a prolific pulp magazine fiction author. Having published more than five hundred short stories in a variety of magazines, his most well-known character, the occult detective Jules de Grandin, was featured in Weird Tales between 1925 and 1951. Quinn penned ninety-two short stories and one full-length novel featuring "the occult Hercule Poirot," which were enormously popular with readers. Quinn died in 1969.
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The Simpson's: Tapped Out from Electronic Arts may be free to download, but without purchasing 'donuts,' a player will advance pretty slowly.
Available for iOS devices, the game is similar to SimCity with players rebuilding Springfield after Homer lets the power plant blow up, which destroys the city. While the game doesn't cost anything, certain things can only be purchased using donuts.
Although one can save up donuts by advancing through levels, the sugary snacks accumulate very slowly and those with little patience can instead purchase the snacks from EA, starting at $1.99 per dozen, to speed up game play. The game operates on a pay-what-you-can sort of system where one does not necessarily need to purchase anything, but will be rewarded for doing so.
The game has been so popular that EA has to limit downloads to ensure that their servers run smoothly and users could actually log on to play.
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