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On June 23, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down a four-to-three decision in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin. The majority opinion, written by Justice Kennedy, gave the victory in the case to the University of Texas. The decision allows the university to continue to grant strong preference in admissions to minority students based on their race.
The National Association of Scholars deeply regrets the Court's final decision in this case, which has endured more than eight years of litigation. Along with many others, we had hoped the Court would at last hold the University of Texas to the standard of "strict scrutiny" for its use of racial classifications. Instead, Justice Kennedy's opinion cobbles together rationalizations, excuses, averted glances, circumventions, and just-so stories that add up to permitting the University of Texas to persist in racial discrimination among applicants.
Racial Favoritism
Kennedy's twenty-page opinion, also signed by Justices Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayor, ends the case in which Abigail Fisher claimed that she was unjustly refused admission to the University. Her complaint centered on the University's practice of using racial preferences among its criteria for selecting students among those who were not automatically admitted under Texas's so-called "Top Ten Percent Plan." That plan grants students graduating in the top ten percent of each Texas high school class automatic admission to the state's public universities. Fisher, who is white, finished high school just outside the top ten percent of her class. She then applied for regular admission. The University, however, used a system of racial favoritism to select among students in this category.
The U.S. Supreme Court has now certified that this system of favoritism passes muster with the Court's previous rulings on when race can and cannot be used in distributing public benefits. The Court's "strict scrutiny" rule generally restricts the use of racial classifications to cases where there is a "compelling public interest" and where no less intrusive measure exists to achieve that interest.
The Make-Believe University
But there is no compelling public interest for the use of racial classifications or racial preferences in admissions at the University of Texas. And other means of increasing the numbers of black and Hispanic enrollees are easily at hand. Because these facts are plain, Justice Kennedy and his majority colleagues enrolled themselves in a make-believe university where:
- The university employs racial preferences not for the sake of increasing black and Hispanic enrollment but to obtain "the educational benefits that flow from student body diversity."
- The university does not employ numerical quotas, but seeks to maximize "diversity."
- The university does not have "elusory or amorphous" goals in its racial preference policy, but has "articulated concrete and precise goals," these being:
- Ending stereotypes
- Promoting "cross-racial understanding"
- Preparing students for "an increasingly diverse workforce and society"
- Cultivating leaders with "legitimacy in the eyes of the citizenry"
- The university adopted so-called "holistic review" not to evade accountability for using race in admissions but because none of the "alternatives was a workable means of attaining the University's educational goals."
Outside the make-believe of the Supreme Court's sorry record of jurisprudence on race in college admissions, these claims are sheer nonsense. The University of Texas uses race in college admissions simply for the advantages that racial politics provides.
In the case of the University of Texas, the state's Top Ten Percent Plan fully ensures that minority students comprise a proportionate percentage of enrollees. The University of Texas puts additional racial preferences into play for reasons that it has consistently obfuscated. As Justice Alito wrote in his dissent to the majority opinion, "The University still has not identified with any degree of specificity the interests that its use of race and ethnicity is supposed to serve." At times the University simply recited its mantra, "diversity," and asked for the Court to defer to the University's own judgment on the matter. At other times it said it needed more minority students to ensure that there was "diversity" in each and every class. And on one occasion, the University complained that the Top Ten Percent Plan failed to deliver the right kind of black and Hispanic students, "the African-American or Hispanic child of successful professionals in Dallas."
Justice Alito's powerful 51-page dissent disposes of most of the nonsense crowded into Justice Kennedy's majority opinion. It typically takes more pages to refute error than it does to make the error in the first place. But in this case, we also have Justice Thomas's one-page concurrence with the Alito dissent in which Thomas drives straight to the point that the state's use of race in higher education "is categorically prohibited by the Equal Protection Clause."
What do those of us who agree with Justice Thomas and who find Justice Alito's dissent to be compelling statements of principle and law do now in the wake of this egregious Supreme Court decision?
Kennedy's Equivocations
One option is to read Justice Kennedy's decision for whatever glints of hope can be discerned in it. There is a glint, for example, in the majority's recognition that the University of Texas's program is "sui generis." If the Texas program is one-of-a-kind, then perhaps the Fisher decision will not be an open-sesame for other colleges and universities to ramp up even bigger racial preference programs. The majority also admits that the circumstances of the case made it impossible for the Court to weigh the evidentiary record of how the Top Ten Percent Plan affects race in admissions. The case, said the majority, was "litigated on a somewhat artificial basis" which "may limit its value for prospective guidance."
That could be Justice Kennedy's signal that Justices Ginsburg, Breyer, and Sotomayor cannot rely on him for a promiscuous endorsement of racial preferences in future cases.
The Grutter Legacy
But that said, those who believe that racial preferences are indeed prohibited by the Equal Protection Clause would be best advised to turn away from Supreme Court litigation as a plausible path for restoring that principle. Ever since the 1978 opinion by Justice Powell in the Bakke decision, the nation's highest court has acted capriciously on matters of race and education. The doctrine of "diversity," given its current form by Justice O'Connor in her 2003 decision in Grutter, is the cornerstone of the Court's make-believe castle of race. Grutter pretends that colleges and universities employ racial preferences for the educational and intellectual benefit of all students, but even the staunchest supporters of those preferences freely admit that "diversity" is just a cumbersome way to get what they really want: a racial spoils system.
We are in a historical moment in which the academic and political left is feeling empowered. It has accordingly amplified its demands and backed them, in many cases, with mass protest.The Fisher decision almost certainly will add to the intensity of these demands.
The Legislative Alternative
The answer is not litigation. It is legislation. Opponents of racial preferences need to pursue the tactics used in Arizona, California, Michigan, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Washington, which have either by actions in their state legislatures or by popular referenda made it illegal for colleges and universities to employ racial preferences.
These successful state efforts are never the end of the matter. The pro-preference forces fight back in court and in the culture. Thus we also must have the will and the resources for the ensuing litigation, and we must also have the clarity of principle and force of argument to persuade Americans at large that we are a nation that should strive to treat every individual as equal before the law.
Justice Kennedy's decision in the Fisher case deserves to be held up to ridicule and, rightly, should cost the Court much of its remaining credibility on these issues. Those of us committed to a just and colorblind system of Constitutional law will now have to turn our attention to other avenues of peaceful social, political, and legal change.
Illiberal Education
At root the problem is American education, which has become thoroughly dominated by the illiberal thought-world in which social outcomes always trump universal principles. That's where the battle has been lost. The National Association of Scholars is among the few bodies left that can credibly challenge the default assumptions of the left on these matters. That is the particular role NAS will play in the months and years ahead.
Free Minds
The National Association of Scholars has opposed the use of racial preferences in higher education since our beginning in the 1980s. Because such preferences subordinate the individual to a group identity, they undermine liberal education, which aims to cultivate individual character, and which can only thrive by treating all those who aspire to knowledge as equally welcome to try their best. The ascent is steep. Higher education generally and the liberal arts in particular are, rightly understood, endeavors that judge performance according to demanding standards of excellence. But while there is tough-mindedness in those standards, there is no room for bias or prejudice. Each individual's performance must be judged on its merits. Liberal education is meant to free our minds from the particular circumstances of birth and upbringing, and those circumstances ought to have no bearing on who is admitted to higher education, or how those who are admitted advance toward the goals of higher learning.
The Diversity Doctrine
Racial preferences had been introduced to college admissions more than two decades before the legalistic artifice of "diversity" was introduced—in the 1978 Supreme Court Bakke decision—as a rationalization for considering the race of applicants. In the years that followed, "diversity" leaped from its role as a somewhat esoteric legal claim to become a much larger cultural ideal for many Americans. The word now encodes an attitude that racial, ethnic, and some social differences connected with a history of oppression should be treated as reasons for lowering standards that would otherwise apply to all comers. The "diversity" doctrine has pernicious consequences in many contexts of American life, but it remains in its origins and primary applications an attack on the principle of colorblind, racially-neutral standards in higher education.
The Supreme Court typically invokes the diversity doctrine when it addresses questions of fairness in college admissions. But it is important to acknowledge that in their zealous pursuit of "diversity," colleges and universities do not limit the principle of compensatory privilege merely to the admission of applicants. "Diversity" is an acid that also dissolves general education standards; the coherence of the curriculum; grading practices; reading assignments; book choices; residential arrangements; the organization of extra-curricular student life; faculty searches; appointments; promotions; tenure decisions; administrative appointments; the expansion of university bureaucracies; legal strategies; fundraising; scholarships; sports; and more. It is hard to find any important aspect of colleges and universities that has not been changed for the worse by the political drive to embed racial preferences in what would otherwise be activities pursued on neutral grounds.
It is, however, the quality of liberal education that suffers the most from the conjoined doctrines of racial preference and diversity. The National Association of Scholars upholds the standards of a liberal arts education that fosters intellectual freedom, searches for the truth, and promotes virtuous citizenship. All three of these ideals are compromised by the effort to turn racial and ethnic identity into a superordinate value. Intellectual freedom is forced to defer to claims based on group identity. The pursuit of truth gives way to the pursuit of power, often in the name of "social justice." Preparation for virtuous citizenship is replaced by cultural relativism that emphasizes the disparate and incommensurate values of various subgroups.
NAS's Special Role
Education is not all that is at stake in our society's willingness to take aboard a regime of racial preferences and the accompanying "diversity" doctrine. There are other important legal and Constitutional principles at stake and legitimate concerns about the fabric of American society that provide good reasons to oppose racial preferences. But NAS brings to this discussion a well-honed understanding of the primary problem. The Court has handed down a decision in which policy masquerades as law.
We understand this tactic and have documented it in our three decades of careful examination of how the political left has subverted and diminished American education. The ultimately successful effort to pass a ballot initiative in California—Proposition 209 in 1996—began with the efforts of NAS members, who wrote the text. We know from that struggle and many others how colleges and universities fight desperately hard both to employ racial preferences, to hide what they are doing from the general public, and to avoid any accountability for the terrible consequences of those preferences. The effort to distract the public from the results of "academic mismatch" continues to this day, and NAS members are on the forefront of efforts to shine light on these matters.
We are effective because we bring to this a true understanding of how that policy damages the liberal arts. We also bring the experience, testimony, and insight of thousands of academics who know firsthand what the "diversity" doctrine does to liberal education, and how our colleges and universities will act on this decision far beyond its supposedly limited application to the University of Texas at Austin. The NAS also brings the power of research reports such as What Does Bowdoin Teach? which go deep within the institutional structures as well as the lived experiences of colleges that commit themselves to the pursuit of "diversity."
In all these ways, the National Association of Scholars expects to play a significant role in developing effective new steps to the ongoing fight to bring race-neutral principles to higher education in the post- Fisher world. The Fisher decision is a setback, but it is by no means the end of the story. We continue the effort to restore American higher education to its higher and better principles, knowing that we can anticipate little help and frequent hindrance from the nation's legal and political elites—but knowing as well that we can call on the wisdom of many of the nation's finest scholars and the support of very large numbers of ordinary citizens.
Image: Pexels
Sylvia Wasson
| June 25, 2016 - 7:51 PM
When nonsense masquerades as wisdom on the highest court of the land, our nation's citizenry inhabits an Orwellian landscape. The latest decision in Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin is solid proof thereof.
This ruling further degrades an already debased "higher" education in America. That being said, the NAS has been a formidable opponent of the pro-preference forces for years—as exemplified by Dr. Wood's superb dissection of the Make-believe University that Justice Kennedy and the majority have created to justify their fraudulent ruling.
This is indeed not the last word on this subject. I ask every educator to join the NAS—an organization worthy, unlike any other, of our admiration, support, and financial contributions in this battle for the very soul of the American academy.
| July 01, 2016 - 5:35 PM
However it may be in other states, California's legislation (Proposition 209), though unrepealed and surviving three court challenges so far, has been evaded. Exactly how much so is, of course, unknown.
The evasion will grow. Cheating college administrators suffer no penalties.
Of course the legislation is much better than nothing. But something stronger is needed just to stay even.
| October 22, 2016 - 5:52 PM
Thank you for this analysis. I've long admired Justice Kennedy, who has never upheld race preferences before, and in fact wrote a devastating dissent in Grutter. But the Fisher ruling was a surprise and disappointment. As you say, however, Kennedy identified the case as having a unique set of facts, and so the ruling is of limited value as a precedent.
To speak to another aspect of your analysis, I am a tenured social sciences prof at a public university in one of the states you list as having ended (or tried to end) race and gender preferences in public education admissions and hiring by state constitutional amendment. In several years at this institution, and notwithstanding this feature of our law, I can only describe its culture - at every level, from my department and college to the Chancellor's office - as one of utter contempt for the civil rights laws' command of race and gender nondiscrimination against any person. In the spirit of Gandhi's principle of nonviolent noncooperation with injustice, I had no choice but to resign as chair of a faculty search committee when it became clear that my department and college were bound and determined that no male, and especially no white male, was going to get this job, even though we were too cowardly to be honest about that in the job listing. I'll retire in a few years, and as much as I still love teaching and helping young people find their way - no matter their race or gender - I look forward to never having to deal with the nasty academic politics of race and gender again. I don't understand, and find it impossible to respect, people who deny to others rights - i.e., to nondiscrimination based on a person's race or gender - that they greatly value and strongly assert for themselves.
Keep up the good work, NAS.
| October 23, 2016 - 1:02 AM
"I don't understand, and find it impossible to respect, people who deny to others rights." Michael (supra).
Please forgive the observation, but what is there to understand? What sort of social science have you been studying your whole career that leaves you nonplussed at garden-variety identity-politics bullying? Did not the Germans, Italians, and Japanese teach the world a master class in the subject only eight decades ago?
Ashley Thornw
| October 24, 2016 - 8:52 AM
Michael, thank you for sharing your story, and for the encouragement.
- Ashley Thorne, NAS
| October 24, 2016 - 7:21 PM
First, thanks Ashley, and you're welcome.
Roberto, thanks for the history lesson. As it happens, I've heard of the holocaust. Your point, however, escapes me, particularly since you don't cite my full quote. It seems that you may actually be sympathetic to my view, but think that I'm insufficiently cynical. If so, guilty as charged. While I think it inevitable and even natural that humans get more cynical with age, and I'm no exception, if I ever lose all faith in people I'll have to get out of teaching.
So, what I wrote was that I don't understand those who deny to others RIGHTS THEY FIERCELY CLAIM FOR THEMSELVES, like racial nondiscrimination, when this is pointed out to them. They seem to deny the force of the social contract and golden rule, on which we've all relied at many points in our lives. And to the extent that this was true of Germans and Italians in the 1930's, I don't understand them either.
| October 25, 2016 - 1:06 AM
Michael, thanks for getting back to me. Four quick points.
(1) "Roberto, thanks for the history lesson. As it happens, I've heard of the holocaust."
Don't mention it. I was sure you would get the reference.
(2) "It seems," perfectly correctly, "that you may actually be sympathetic to my view, but think that I'm insufficiently cynical."
Insufficiently skeptical, perhaps. A cynic, as opposed to a skeptic, would say something like, "Identity-politics thuggery? Even the Holocaust? So what? What do I care?" I would never urge such a view.
(3) "If I ever lose all faith in people I'll have to get out of teaching."
I had supposed that as a social scientist you value not faith but evidence in people, but please yourself. Also, I had thought your plan is to do exactly that "in a few years."
(4) "Your point, however, escapes me, particularly since you don't cite my full quote. ... So, what I wrote was that I don't understand those who deny to others RIGHTS THEY FIERCELY CLAIM FOR THEMSELVES, like racial nondiscrimination, when this is pointed out to them. They seem to deny the force of the social contract and golden rule, on which we've all relied at many points in our lives. And to the extent that this was true of Germans and Italians in the 1930's, I don't understand them either."
I am grateful to you for the correction, and the complete quote. Yes, it was true of the Germans and Italians, not forgetting the Japanese. And in this context, let me repeat my non-rhetorical, not-by-intention-snarky question: What sort of social science have you been studying your whole career that leaves you nonplussed at garden-variety identity-politics bullying?


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LOS ANGELES — No one is more excited than Cal that a new college football season is at hand.
"I can't stress how happy we are to have last year in the past and to be where we are now," sophomore quarterback Jared Goff said Wednesday at Pac-12 media day. "We can see the growth — mentally, physically. It's a different team. It's not even remotely the same team as last year."
Coming off a 1-11 season, the Bears open Aug. 30 at Northwestern. Coach Sonny Dykes said fans will have no trouble seeing the difference in his squad.
"We were so bad last year, I think the improvement's going to be pretty obvious," Dykes said. "We weren't very competitive last year in a lot of games. That's going to be the biggest difference, competing in games, giving ourselves an opportunity to win.
"What happened so often last year is midway through the first quarter you'd look up and we were down by 21 points. I think it's going to be obvious to everybody — our fans, our opponents — that we're going to be a much-improved football team."
The Bears were winless against Football Bowl Subdivision opponents and their defense allowed nearly 46 points per game.
Goff, who passed for a school-record 3,508 yards as a true freshman, said the 2013 fiasco was an offseason motivator, but that players are no longer dwelling on the past.
"It's behind us. We're no longer thinking about last season," he said. "We're excited to move forward, make a new brand for ourselves."
For more on Cal sports, see the Bear Talk blog at ibabuzz.com/beartalk. Follow Jeff Faraudo on Twitter at twitter.com/JeffFaraudo.
Stanford takes the podium in Day 2 of Pac-12 media day


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I have been involved in the real estate business for most of my life. My parents were both Realtors for 30 years before I received my real estate licenses in 1970. I grew up understanding the ups and downs of the business. I was 22 years old when I was honorably discharged from the United States Army. The real estate business was a natural career choice for me. Over the past 43 years I have enjoyed many successful years and have become an expert in listing, selling and tax deferred exchange of residential and income producing properties.
My Current Passion
Over the past few years the residential real estate market has become increasingly unstable. Also senior citizens are becoming more concerns about conserving financial resources. I enjoy helping people solve problems so I have shifted most of my advertising and real estate activity to listing and selling units in Leisure World Seal Beach California. Leisure World is a gated active adult community located only 1.5 miles from the Pacific Ocean. Leisure World is truly the answer to all of the senior citizens prayers. It is very affordable and offers an active adult lifestyle. This meets the senior's needs and makes it enjoyable for me to help them conserver limited financial resources.
My Experience
Over the past 43 years I have live through three major downturns in the real estate market. This current market is by far the most troubling. This why I feel it is important for everyone to eliminate as much debt as possible. Seal Beach Leisure World is the perfect answer for that problem. The units sell for all cash so no debt is incurrent and the prices are very affordable.
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I am a member of the National Association of Realtor, California Association of Realtors, and Pacific West Association of Realtors and of the Southern California Multiple Listing Service. I am also a member of the Residential Sales Council and am a Certified Residential Specialist. I am a Retirement Community Specialist and specialize in listing and selling of the Seal Beach Leisure World units.


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'Andi Mack' Star Asher Angel Shares His Dream Role & More Fun Facts!
Now that we know when Disney Channel's new show Andi Mack will premiere, let's get to know one of the stars, shall we?
JJJ recently caught up with rising actor Asher Angel, who plays Jonah in the coming-of-age story about a relatable girl who's trying to determine where she fits in and the many amazing ways she can live her life.
Andi (Peyton Elizabeth Lee) has been raised to live on the safe side, but on her 13th birthday, a revelation jumpstarts her path of self-discovery.
At every twist and turn, she's anchored by a loving albeit complicated family and her loyal best friends, Cyrus (Joshua Rush) and Buffy (Sofia Wylie). Along the way, she learns that sometimes the unexpected is what truly makes life great.
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Check out 10 fun facts Asher shared with us:
1. I love anything spicy.
2. Singing is my other passion
3. I have 7 animals at home.
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Posted to: 10 Fun Facts, Andi Mack, Asher Angel


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Treasure Cache and Treasure Facts Annual 2015.This issue is available in both print and digital format. Please Select your desired format below.
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by Benjamín Harguindey
Before Watergate there was the Pentagon Papers, classified documents detailing the historical and military involvement of the United States in Vietnam for over 20 years. These were leaked and published by the New York Post and, more the point of this movie, by the Washington Post. It's so much easier to root for the underdog, which was the case of the Post in 1971, when it was about to go public and was headed by the rare female editor.


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The May 13, 2002 issue of US News & World Report proclaimed "Yoga booms in popularity as a way to heighten flexibility, improve breathing, and gain sanity." During the past 2 decades, yoga has become very popular in the US. According to the Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association, more than 11 million Americans currently practice yoga. In March 2006, Runner's World magazine put the figure at 16.5 million.
Yoga enthusiasts participate in this type of exercise in hopes of reaping physical benefits like improved muscle tone and strength, better balance and greater flexibility. But does it actually produce those benefits?
I'll review some of the research on yoga, but first, a little background...
The origins of yoga can be traced all the way back to 2250 BC when the Harrapan civilization in Northern India began to develop postures and breathing-control techniques that they hoped would enable them to enter an altered consciousness and access the spirit world. Yoga was brought to America in 1893 by Master Vivekananda.
There are many types of yoga. Two of the more popular styles are Hatha yoga and Ashtanga yoga, more commonly known as "Power" yoga. Regardless of the type, all forms consist of a series of sustained poses known as "asanas."
Power yoga includes many postures that develop strength in the legs, back, and abdominals, as well as weight-bearing poses that build upper-body strength. When Sun Salutations are included they are usually repeated several times as a warm-up, then repeated throughout the class. Various poses are held for several breaths in between these repetitions.
• Ananda yoga: This type of yoga is more gentle. It is an inward-focused style that is not as athletic or aerobic as other styles.
• Ashtanga yoga: "Power" yoga generally refers to a yoga style that is intense and vigorous. Originally intended to describe an Ashtanga yoga class, this term is now used more loosely. Any yoga class that is a modification of Ashtanga yoga or includes demanding poses and an intermittent flow of movement might be identified as a "power yoga" class. These classes are designed to create a balance of strength, flexibility, and stamina.
• Bikram yoga: Bikram Choudbury founded the Yoga College of India in Beverly Hills in 1974. He is one of the pre-eminent Hatha Yoga Masters living today. His physical fitness Guru was Bishnu Charan Ghosh, brother of Yogananda, founder of The Self-Realization Fellowship. Bikram is an India National Yoga Champion and has been named most knowledgeable Hatha Yoga teacher in the world. The principle behind Bikram yoga is that the body is more flexible in a hot environment. So, Bikram yoga involves a series of 26 asanas performed in a room that may be as hot as 100 degrees. This is to warm up your whole body, and allows you to work deep into your muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
• Hatha yoga: Hatha yoga is an eclectic blend of many yoga styles. This type of yoga is frequently recommended for beginners, or for people who are concerned about over-stressing their shoulders, knees, or lower back. Unlike Vinyasa yoga (see below), each pose is held motionless before moving on to the next one. Hatha yoga seeks to achieve a balance of mind, body, and spirit through specific poses (asanas) and breathing.
• Iyengar yoga: This style of yoga focuses on precise alignments of each pose, and uses props such as belts and blocks to achieve ideal alignment.
• Kundalini yoga: Kundalini yoga is a complete science that combines breathing (pranayama), chanting (mantra), exercises (Kriyas), and meditation.
• Vinyasa yoga: Vinyasa yoga is also considered a "power" yoga style. In this style, there is minimal hesitation between each pose, producing a continuously flowing type of movement. Because it is more physically demanding, it is recommended for intermediate and advanced students.
Yin and Yang Types of Yoga
Some have grouped the various styles of yoga into 2 general categories: yin types and yang types.
The more athletic and physically demanding styles of yoga are referred to as the yang type. Examples here include Ashtanga yoga, Vinyasa yoga, and any class called "power" yoga.
The slower and more gentle styles are referred to as the yin types. For more information on this type, see www.YinYoga.com, a web site created by yoga practitioner Bernie Clark.
YogaFit® blends Hatha yoga poses with contemporary push-ups, sit-ups, and squats. It was created by Beth Shaw in 1994 at SportsCenter Fitness in Redondo Beach. In 1997, she incorporated and opened her first yoga studio. It evolved rapidly, including a local cable television show, a clothing line, a book, and a certification. YogaFit® de-emphasizes the meditative aspects of yoga. Research does show that yoga without guided imagery can convey health benefits (see below.)
The 2nd edition of her book "Beth Shaw's YogaFit®" (pictured to the right) was published in 2009. The 3rd edition is scheduled for release October 20, 2015.
Potential physical benefits of yoga include increased strength and endurance, improved balance, and better flexibility. However, despite yoga's long history and the large number of faithful participants, limited research has been conducted regarding its physical benefits.
So, does yoga improve fitness? The answer depends on which fitness parameter you are assessing:
A small study from the University of California at Davis (Tran MD, et al. 2001) showed that 2 Hatha yoga sessions per week for 8 weeks improved a variety of fitness parameters. Each session consisted of 10 minutes of pranayamas (breath-control exercises), 15 minutes of dynamic warm-up exercise, 50 minutes of asanas (yoga postures), and 10 minutes of relaxation in savasana (corpse pose).
After 8 weeks, the following improvements were seen:
Muscular Strength:
Muscular Endurance:
Another study of Hatha yoga comes from the University of Wisconsin. Researchers Dawn Boehde, a certified yoga instructor, and John Porcari, PhD, from the University's Human Performance Laboratory recruited 34 healthy women (average age: 33) for the study. All of the subjects were sedentary and were not involved in a regular exercise program or yoga training for six months prior to the study.
The test subjects were divided into a yoga group and a non-yoga control group. The yoga group participated in 55-minute Hatha yoga classes, three days a week. During the eight-week study period each participant completed an average of about 21 classes.
All of the yoga classes were taught by Boehde. Each started with five minutes of relaxation and yoga breathing (pranayama), followed by 10 minutes of warmup exercises including sun salutations, 35 minutes of yoga postures (asanas), and, finally, five minutes of relaxation and yoga breathing in the corpse pose (savasana). The non-yoga group was prohibited from participating in any form of exercise.
Testing Protocol
Subjects were tested prior to and following the eight week study period using this standard battery of tests:
Researchers found that the regular practice of Hatha yoga significantly improved the subjects' flexibility, muscular strength and endurance, and balance:
• Flexibility: After eight weeks, the average flexibility of the yoga group improved by 13-35% and the gains were significantly greater than the non-yoga group, especially in shoulder and trunk flexibility, and ankle range of motion. "We saw very nice changes in flexibility of the entire body, the shoulder girdle, twisting, bending, reaching, good low-back flexibility," says Porcari.
• Muscular strength and endurance: Similarly, muscular strength and endurance also improved in the yoga group. In particular, chest and abdominal strength and endurance was increased significantly, enabling the yoga group to perform an average of six more push-ups and 14 more curl-ups following the study period.
• Balance: The yoga group experienced a 17-second increase in their one-legged stand time and a modest boost in their functional reach scores. Besides the obvious improvements yielded by simply practicing the variety of one-legged moves that are common in Hatha yoga, researchers point to increased proprioception and strengthening of the muscle in the ankles and legs as part of the reason for the better balance scores.
"For the average person who doesn't have a fitness program, this study shows what would happen if you did eight weeks of Hatha yoga, 3 times per week," explains Boehde.
However, yoga doesn't improve aerobic fitness very much. The UC Davis researchers (Tran MD, et al. 2001) found that VO2max increased by only 6-7% and there was no significant change in VO2max or maximal heart rate in the U. Wisconsin study. "You get changes in strength and muscular endurance, flexibility, balance -- all those types of things -- but in order to improve aerobic capacity you really have to be working in the aerobic training zone," says Porcari. "Based on what we found, the intensity just wasn't there."
As a companion to the Hatha yoga study summarized above, Porcari and Stefanie Spilde analyzed the exercise intensity and caloric expenditure of two types of yoga. For this study, researchers recruited 15 participants, with at least an intermediate level of yoga experience, and monitored their exercise intensity as they participated in two 50-minute yoga sessions (one Hatha yoga, one Power yoga) following a videotaped routine for consistency.
Researchers found that a 50-minute session of Hatha yoga burns 144 calories, equivalent to a slow walk, and provides no substantial aerobic benefit. Power yoga burns about 237 calories in 50 minutes and boosts heart rates to 62 percent of heart rate max (HRmax), providing just a mild aerobic workout.
Another study showed that 30 minutes of Hatha yoga produced an average heart rate of only 105 beats per minute in middle-aged women. The energy costs of this yoga session were about half that of walking on a treadmill at 3.5 mph and only about 10% greater than sitting in a chair. The authors concluded that "Hatha yoga may have little, if any, cardiovascular benefit" (Clay CC, et al. 2005).
"Yoga is a great muscular workout and you certainly sweat, but it's not an aerobic workout," says John Porcari, PhD.
Nevertheless, yoga is a great addition to the training program for runners due to its other benefits. This was summarized in an article in the March 2006 issue of Runner's World magazine.
Despite the widespread popularity of yoga, and, how long it has been practiced, there is surprisingly little research validating its health benefits. One of the problems is that there are many different styles of yoga.
Researchers from Long Island University in Brooklyn, NY evaluated the physiologic responses to a single 1-hr Hatha yoga session and concluded that it wasn't challenging enough to match current exercise recommendations for maintaining optimum health. They equated a session of Hatha yoga to slow walking on a level surface (Hagins M, et al. 2007).
However, some research does document specific health benefits. Here is a sampling:
• Yoga for Arthritis: It's well known that yoga can improve flexibility in various joints. But, is it beneficial in patients with documented arthritis? Some limited research does suggest that it is (Garfinkel M, et al. 2000).
• Yoga for Back Pain: A study from the University of Washington in Seattle showed that one 75-minute viniyoga class per week for 12 weeks led to more improvement than conventional therapeutic exercise in patients with chronic back pain. Each class included an initial and final breathing exercise, 5 to 12 postures, and guided deep relaxation. Most postures were not held but were repeated 3 or 6 times (Sherman KJ, et al. 2005).
• Yoga for Hypertension: Yoga was shown to have beneficial effects on blood pressure as early as 1973 (Patel CH, 1973). More recently, researcher Debbie Cohen, MD, at the University of Pennsylvania has been studying the effects of yoga in patients with hypertension for several years. She is the lead investigator of the "Lifestyle Modification and Blood Pressure Study." So far, they have found that a 12-week yoga program lowered BP in patients with pre-hypertension or stage-1 hypertension better than sodium restriction and walking (Cohen DL, et al. 2013). A separate study out of New Delhi, India, revealed that systolic BP decreased by 5 points after just 10 days of yoga in overweight and obese men (Sarvottam K, et al. 2012).
• Yoga Reduces Stress: Several studies show that yoga can lower circulating levels of stress hormones (Kiecolt-Glaser JK, et al. 2010) (Yadav RK, et al. 2012). However, whether yoga makes people "feel" less stressed has been variable.
• Yoga and Weight Loss: One study of overweight and obese men revealed that a "yoga-based lifestyle intervention" led to a 4.2-lb weight loss after only 10 days (Sarvottam K, et al. 2012).
• Yoga Modifies Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Several studies show that yoga can reduce some of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, what really matters is if yoga reduces clinical "events" (ie., outcomes). So far, the jury is still out on that question (Lau HL, et al. 2012).
Although yoga is a low-impact exercise, it is not without risks.
Musculoskeletal Injuries
Poses such as the plank, half moon, boat, camel and revolved triangle improve strength because they require you to support your upper body. However, some of these postures have the potential for straining the shoulder, knee, or lower back. For example, a frequently performed upper-body pose in a power yoga class is the yoga-style push up, Chaturanga Dandasana. This movement requires a lot of strength in the upper arms, shoulders, and lower back.
Stuart M. McGill, PhD, a professor at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada, is a recognized expert in spine injuries and rehabilitation. He has published extensively on spine management. According to McGill, research shows that sustained contraction of the torso muscles causes them to lose oxygen rapidly (McGill SM, et al. 2000). He recommends that postures that require a sustained contraction of the torso muscles should not be held for longer than 5-6 seconds. Instead, to build up the muscular strength and endurance of your back muscles, it is better to do more reps, NOT attempt to hold each position as long as you can. (This concept is explained in greater detail in the related story "Exercise and Back Pain". See Articles.)
Cardiovascular Risks
Power yoga classes present a higher cardiovascular risk than other forms of yoga. Therefore, those who have existing cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or who are significantly overweight should probably avoid these classes, at least, when first starting out. Participants should be physically fit before performing power yoga.
YOGA vs. OTHER FORMS OF EXERCISE
"Hatha yoga will improve your strength, but you'll get much stronger, more quickly, by simply lifting weights," Pocari says. As for a cardiovascular workout, yoga isn't the answer for that either.
Researchers warn that efforts to boost the cardio benefits of yoga will only result in reduced flexibility and balance benefits. "It's always a tradeoff," says Porcari. "Yoga was designed for relaxation, primarily. The more aerobic you make yoga, the less improvements you'll see in those other areas."
"Expected benefits need to be in-line with reality," suggests Porcari. "People often try to make yoga into this all-encompassing thing. Americans have changed yoga and tried to morph it into programs that will improve every aspect of fitness but it was never designed that way."
That said, some of these "hybrid" forms of yoga do seem appealing. For example, there are classes that combine yoga with Pilates (eg., "Pilates mat class", "Yogilates", etc.). "Iron Yoga" is yet another style that Anthony Carillo promotes in his book and DVD.
Nevertheless, Hatha yoga is still an excellent addition to any fitness routine, particularly because it targets aspects of fitness such as flexibility, balance, and relaxation that are often skipped or overlooked.
Newcomers will benefit from taking a beginner's yoga course to become familiar with a basic repertoire of asanas before joining a power yoga class. In power yoga, proper alignment and good body mechanics are crucial. A preparatory class in which the poses and sequences are broken down is recommended. People with back problems or joint issues should approach this style cautiously.
• Postures that require a sustained contraction of the long, thin muscles of the back should not be held for longer than 5-6 seconds. Instead, build up the strength and endurance of these torso muscles by doing more reps, NOT by holding each position as long as you can.
• Power yoga classes present a higher cardiovascular risk than other forms of yoga. Power yoga is not recommended for people with hypertension or heart problems, type 2 diabetes, or who are significantly overweight. Participants should be physically fit before participating in power yoga.
• Bikram Yoga: The web site for Bikram Yoga is BikramYogaNYC.com.
• Yoga on your computer: Yoga Today (www.YogaToday.com) offers a streaming video of a yoga class conducted outdoors in Jackson Hole, Wyoming.
• Yoga for men: Yoga is not just for women. Check out the books Yoga For Regular Guys: The Best Damn Workout on the Planet! by former wrestler Diamond Dallas Page, and Real Men Do Yoga by John Capouya.
Readers may be interested in the following related stories:
You can't perform yoga effectively without a good mat. Check out these cool designs: yoga mats.
EXPERT HEALTH and FITNESS COACHING
Stan Reents, PharmD, is available to speak on a variety of exercise-related topics. (Here is a downloadable recording of one of his Health Talks.) He also provides a one-on-one Health Coaching Service. Contact him through the Contact Us page.
Axler C, McGill SM. Low back loads over a variety of abdominal exercises: searching for the safest abdominal challenge. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997;29:804-811. Abstract
Clay CC, Lloyd LK, Walker JL, et al. The metabolic cost of hatha yoga. J Strength Cond Res 2005;19:604-610. Abstract
Cohen DL, Bowler A, Fisher SA, et al. Lifestyle Modification in Blood Pressure Study II (LIMBS): study protocol of a randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of a 24-week structured yoga program versus lifestyle modification on blood pressure reduction. Contemp Clin Trials 2013;36:32-40. Abstract
Cowen VS. Functional fitness improvements after a worksite-based yoga initiative. J Bodywork Mov Ther 2010;14:50-54. Abstract
Garfinkel M. Yoga as complimentary therapy. Geriatrics Aging 2006;9:190-194. (no abstract)
Garfinkel M, Schumacher HR. Yoga. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2000;26:125-132. Abstract
Hagins M, Moore W, Rundle A. Does practicing hatha yoga satisfy recommendations for intensity of physical activity which improves and maintains health and cardiovascular fitness? BMC Complement Altern Med 2007;7:40. Abstract
Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Christian L, Preston H, et al. Stress, inflammation, and yoga practice. Psychosom Med 2010;72:113-121. Abstract
Lau HL, Kwong JS, Yeung F, et al. Yoga for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;12:CD009506. Abstract
McGill SM, Hughson RL, Parks K. Lumbar erector spinae oxygenation during prolonged contractions: implications for prolonged work. Ergonomics 2000;43:486-493. Abstract
Patel CH. Yoga and bio-feedback in the management of hypertension. Lancet 1973;2:1053-1055. Abstract
Rachiwong S, Panasiriwong P, Saosomphop J, et al. Effects of modified hatha yoga in industrial rehabilitation on physical fitness and stress of injured workers. J Occup Rehabil March 11, 2015. Abstract
Sarvottam K, Magan D, Yadav RK, et al. Adiponectin, interleukin-6, and cardiovascular disease risk factors are modified by a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese men. J Altern Complement Med December 4, 2012. Abstract
Sherman KJ, Cherkin DC, Erro J, et al. Comparing yoga, exercise, and a self-care book for chronic low back pain. Ann Intern Med 2005;143:849-856. Abstract
Tran MD, Holly RG, Lashbrook J, et al. Effects of Hatha yoga practice on the health-related aspects of physical fitness. Prev Cardiol 2001;4:165-170. Abstract
Yadav RK, Magan D, Mehta N, et al. Efficacy of a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention in reducing stress and inflammation. J Altern Complement Med 2012;18:662-667. Abstract
Stan Reents, PharmD, is a former healthcare professional. He is a member of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and holds current certifications from ACSM (Health & Fitness Specialist), ACE (Health Coach) and has been certified as a tennis coach by USTA. He is the author of Sport and Exercise Pharmacology (published by Human Kinetics) and has written for Runner's World magazine, Training and Conditioning, Club Solutions, and other fitness publications.


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If you are logged in as an admin, Shopify puts a black admin bar over the top of the page which can hide the Sales Motivator bar. A regular customer would not see the admin bar; logging out will correct this problem.
Another cause is that some themes use an Ajax add to cart function where the user stays on the product page when the add to cart button is selected, and the page doesn't refresh. For the motivator bar to appear the app requires a page refresh, so the motivator bar won't appear until the user goes to another page. Unfortunately, it's not possible to have it fire on "add to cart", you would need to disable the ajax cart for Sales Motivator to work.
One of two things can be done to fix this:
- Disable the Ajax Add to Cart Functionality in the Theme; or
Modify the Theme - If you would like to continue to use the Ajax cart along with Sales Motivator you can Email our Support Wizards, and we'll see what we can do to help you.


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|Search treatments and conditions
Inflammation is the body's response to injury. This is true regardless of whether the injury results from a cut, burn, bruise, infection, or even an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. The inflammatory response includes redness, swelling and an increased local supply of white blood cells. These changes are an attempt to ward off infections and to help repair damaged tissue. Even after trauma, however, the inflammatory response may be excessive and result in unnecessary pain. In some conditions, as with rheumatoid arthritis, the inflammation serves no useful purpose and is actually a component of the disease rather than part of the healing process.
|Weak or unproven link
|Strong or generally accepted link
|Proven definite or direct link
|Strongly counter-indicative
|May do some good
|Likely to help
|Highly recommended
|May have adverse consequences
Acute: An illness or symptom of sudden onset, which generally has a short duration.
Allergy: Hypersensitivity caused by exposure to a particular antigen (allergen), resulting in an increased reactivity to that antigen on subsequent exposure, sometimes with harmful immunologic consequences.
Anti-inflammatory: Reducing inflammation by acting on body mechanisms, without directly acting on the cause of inflammation, e.g., glucocorticoids, aspirin.
Antispasmodic: Preventing spasms.
Arthritis: Inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness, and resulting from infection, trauma, degenerative changes, metabolic disturbances, or other causes. It occurs in various forms, such as bacterial arthritis, osteoarthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis, the most common form, is characterized by a gradual loss of cartilage and often an overgrowth of bone at the joints.
Asthma: A lung disorder marked by attacks of breathing difficulty, wheezing, coughing, and thick mucus coming from the lungs. The episodes may be triggered by breathing foreign substances (allergens) or pollutants, infection, vigorous exercise, or emotional stress.
Autoimmune Disease: One of a large group of diseases in which the immune system turns against the body's own cells, tissues and organs, leading to chronic and often deadly conditions. Examples include multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, Bright's disease and diabetes.
Bruise: Injury producing a hematoma or diffuse extravasation of blood without breaking the skin.
Cancer: Refers to the various types of malignant neoplasms that contain cells growing out of control and invading adjacent tissues, which may metastasize to distant tissues.
Cholesterol: A waxy, fat-like substance manufactured in the liver and found in all tissues, it facilitates the transport and absorption of fatty acids. In foods, only animal products contain cholesterol. An excess of cholesterol in the bloodstream can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
Chronic: Usually Chronic illness: Illness extending over a long period of time.
Colon: The part of the large intestine that extends to the rectum. The colon takes the contents of the small intestine, moving them to the rectum by contracting.
CRP: C-reactive protein. A sensitive measure of inflammation in the body.
Cytokines: Cytokines are chemical messengers that control immune responses. They are secreted by white blood cells, T cells, epithelial cells and some other body cells. There are at least 17 different kinds of interleuken and 3 classes of interferon called alpha, beta and gamma and various subsets. Interleukens and interferons are called �cytokines� and there are two general groupings, Th1 and Th2. Th1 (T-cell Helper type 1) promote cell-mediated immunity (CMI) while Th2 (T-cell Helper type 2) induce humoral immunity (antibodies).
Diabetes Mellitus: A disease with increased blood glucose levels due to lack or ineffectiveness of insulin. Diabetes is found in two forms; insulin-dependent diabetes (juvenile-onset) and non-insulin-dependent (adult-onset). Symptoms include increased thirst; increased urination; weight loss in spite of increased appetite; fatigue; nausea; vomiting; frequent infections including bladder, vaginal, and skin; blurred vision; impotence in men; bad breath; cessation of menses; diminished skin fullness. Other symptoms include bleeding gums; ear noise/buzzing; diarrhea; depression; confusion.
Essential Fatty Acid: (EFA): A substance that the human body cannot manufacture and therefore must be supplied in the diet.
Fatty Acids: Chemical chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that are part of a fat (lipid) and are the major component of triglycerides. Depending on the number and arrangement of these atoms, fatty acids are classified as either saturated, polyunsaturated, or monounsaturated. They are nutritional substances found in nature which include cholesterol, prostaglandins, and stearic, palmitic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosapentanoic (EPA), and decohexanoic acids. Important nutritional lipids include lecithin, choline, gamma-linoleic acid, and inositol.
Free Radical: A free radical is an atom or group of atoms that has at least one unpaired electron. Because another element can easily pick up this free electron and cause a chemical reaction, these free radicals can effect dramatic and destructive changes in the body. Free radicals are activated in heated and rancid oils and by radiation in the atmosphere, among other things.
Gout: A disease characterized by an increased blood uric acid level and sudden onset of episodes of acute arthritis.
Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver usually resulting in jaundice (yellowing of the skin), loss of appetite, stomach discomfort, abnormal liver function, clay-colored stools, and dark urine. May be caused by a bacterial or viral infection, parasitic infestation, alcohol, drugs, toxins or transfusion of incompatible blood. Can be life-threatening. Severe hepatitis may lead to cirrhosis and chronic liver dysfunction.
Herpes Simplex: An infection, often recurrent, caused by herpes virus type 1 and 2. It causes cold sores around the lips and mouth, and also causes painful blisters on the genitals and in the pubic area, thighs, and buttocks.
IL-6: Interleukin-6. IL-6 is a pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokine. Elevations in serum IL-6 correlate with adverse disease features and shortened survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
NSAID: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
Polyp: A usually nonmalignant growth or tumor protruding from the mucous lining of an organ such as the nose, bladder or intestine, often causing obstruction.
Prostaglandin: Any of a class of physiologically active substances present in many tissues, with effects such as vasodilation, vasoconstriction, stimulation of the smooth muscles of the bronchus or intestine, uterine stimulation; also involved in pain, inflammation, fever, allergic diarrhea, and dysmenorrhea. A potent hormone -- similar in structure to an unsaturated fatty acid -- that acts in extremely low concentrations on local target organs; first isolated from the prostate.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: A long-term, destructive connective tissue disease that results from the body rejecting its own tissue cells (autoimmune reaction).
Steroid: Any of a large number of hormonal substances with a similar basic chemical structure containing a 17-carbon 14-ring system and including the sterols and various hormones and glycosides.
Subclinical: Not manifesting characteristic clinical symptoms. Pertaining to a disease or condition.
Tuberculosis: Also known as TB, Consumption or "The White Plague", tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually affecting the lungs but possibly also the brain, kidneys and bones. Patients may at first be symptom-free or experience a flu-like illness. In the secondary stage, there might be a slight fever, night sweats, weight loss, fatigue and various other symptoms, depending on the part of the body affected. Tuberculosis of the lung is usually associated with a dry cough that eventually leads to a productive cough with blood-stained sputum. There might also be chest pain and shortness of breath.
Vitamin D: A fat-soluble vitamin essential to one's health. Regulates the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood by improving their absorption and utilization. Necessary for normal growth and formation of bones and teeth. For Vitamin D only, 1mcg translates to 40 IU.
White Blood Cell: (WBC): A blood cell that does not contain hemoglobin: a blood corpuscle responsible for maintaining the body's immune surveillance system against invasion by foreign substances such as viruses or bacteria. White cells become specifically programmed against foreign invaders and work to inactivate and rid the body of a foreign substance. Also known as a leukocyte.


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Proof is important. MLS is showcasing its product to a newer, hipper and more educated audience. This season they've used video content to help them in this cause. Check this out:
This is the fifth week of 90+ and each one is more impressive than the next. Give 'em props folks. They're on the right track.


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the kids:
August 18, 2010
Yes. I know. This has been a long series of torture with my description of a four-day trip. I believe everyone deserves their moment when it comes to supporting me. Not to leave anyone out, I want to mention my kids.
The Kids: As we were leaving Thursday evening, our kids were perched on their bikes preparing to ride to my brother and SIL's house to hang for a couple of days. (thanks guys!) They both hugged us and said, "Have a good time." "Good luck Mom!" and "Be careful." (inside joke with the 4 of us) Then they rode off. I turned to the hubs with tears in my eyes and said, "Why can't our kids be jerks? Then I would want to leave them behind!" No such luck.
Either our kids are super easy, or we are super parents. I think it's a little bit of both. (probably that I'm a fantastic mom more than anything. shameless plug. no comments necessary)
They sent texts and called throughout the trip.
They also ran their own race on Saturday morning. Each placing in their age group:
Our hometown celebration includes a 5k & 2-mile run/walk. Our children participated with SisterRunner who ran a PR! Go Girl!
After the race I received this text from SisterRunner:
"Ur kids were great! So polite! And they did GREAT today! Turned the last 3 blocks and saw them waiting for me at the finish in their matching blue run shirts. So cute."
I love when others see our children exactly as we do. It is the best compliment as a parent – at least for me.
I love that they ran. But. . . I worry that they ran to please us and not because they wanted to. I worry that they think they need to be more like us to keep us happy. That couldn't be farther from the truth. I hope they find what they love and they embrace it. So far. So good.
The emotions of being a parent feels crazy sometimes. I want to be with them all of the time, but it felt so good to be alone with my 'special someone'. I get tired of hearing "mom?" all day long, but the silence that will come with the start of school (tomorrow) can be deafening. I miss them when they are away. There are days when I'm ready for them to be in college and chasing their dreams, then two seconds later I'm crying because they will.
I hope I can remember the little things. I hope they see our dedication to them – not because I want any glory – but because I want them to love being a parent as much as I do.
Run your race kids! Love you.
12 Comments leave one →
August 18, 2010 11:22 am
you guys ARE rockin' parents! (and a rockin' AWESOME couple! if I do say so myself) Enjoyed the time, hope to enjoy them more in the future. Love to ya Sis!
August 18, 2010 7:19 pm
Awww and look how GORGEOUS they are! How totally fun they and your sis all ran.
With a lump in my throat, I put my 4th grader on bus this morning.
Not sure what I'm gonna do Monday when I put my littlest on the Kinder bus. Time flies…sigh.
August 19, 2010 5:07 pm
they are awesome!
August 20, 2010 9:41 am
'I follow you–literally' girl you are cracking me up!
And Happy Birthday! If I'd known your special day was imminent, we'd have partied it up in CO even more!


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"Hip-hop, it's not pop like Kylie Minogue," insists charismatic Roots leading man Black Thought on "Star," an audacious reinvention of Sly And The Family Stone's "Everybody Is A Star," and the first track on The Roots' new album, The Tipping Point. It's a nice sentiment, and it's designed to appeal to hip-hop's paradox-ridden obsession with credibility, but it rings false, especially in the midst of a song built on the framework of one of the poppiest, sunniest, and most mainstream moments of ornery soul genius Sly Stone.
The Roots' members have always had a love/hate relationship with pop. The Philly outfit's phenomenal last album, 2002's Phrenology, boasted a single ("Break You Off") so radio-friendly that D'Angelo refused to sing on it, lest he compromise his all-important credibility. At the same time, it featured an arty suite ("Water") seemingly designed to chase the teenyboppers away. "Star" repeats that dynamic in miniature, with the bang-up Stone cover giving way to jazzy, bohemian spoken-word rambling about "hypnotic donkey rhythms." Whether the group likes it or not, The Roots has developed sharp pop instincts over its long, distinguished career. In concert, it uses its album tracks as rough outlines for epic jams and dramatic transformations, but it wouldn't be such a titanic live force if its albums didn't provide such rock-solid structures.
The Tipping Point boasts an embarrassment of pop tracks even more infectious than its lead-off single, "Don't Say Nuthin'," whose sinister, futuristic synth lines swerve into the lane immediately alongside the Knight Rider theme. "Guns Are Drawn" contains urgent guitars, some incendiary political rhetoric, and what ?uestlove, in his witty and perceptive liner notes, describes as an intentionally "dirty" sound. Meanwhile, Black Thought's masterful flow exudes adult sexuality and cocky sweet swagger throughout, especially on "Somebody's Gotta Do It," where he's joined by ?uestlove favorite Jean Grae, Mac, and the otherworldly falsetto of Devin The Dude. On the aptly named "Stay Cool," Black Thought takes a lush, joyful Al Hirt groove for a three-and-a-half-minute joyride. By contrast, the album's least compelling and most orthodox songs reduce the group's complex musical alchemy to Black Thought's rhymes and insistent drums. The Tipping Point may not boost The Roots' Soundscan numbers to a point commensurate with the acclaim and respect it commands, but the set marks another triumph from a group that seems incapable of producing anything less.


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William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 - 23 April 1616 / Warwickshire)
Sonnet Li
Thus can my love excuse the slow offence
Of my dull bearer when from thee I speed:
From where thou art why should I haste me thence?
Till I return, of posting is no need.
O, what excuse will my poor beast then find,
When swift extremity can seem but slow?
Then should I spur, though mounted on the wind;
In winged speed no motion shall I know:
Then can no horse with my desire keep pace;


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- missjz
- 4 years ago
- Wedding: December 2014 - Loft
Boho Bee's
Anyone else love the floral crowns as much as I do? I have a few beautiful inspo photos. Have any fellow bee's worn a crown on their wedding day or have pics to share? I love the look of them and because our wedding will be in December I think really deep reds would be stunning. Share your crowns or headpieces.


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Mission Statement
Immaculate Conception Parish School of Religion provides a quality Catholic faith formation program where the gospel message of Jesus Christ is lived, learned and shared in a safe learning environment. Children will come to know the love of God and the message of salvation through the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. The catechetical leaders and volunteers accept as our mission: to know our faith, to live by truth and love, to serve the needs of others, and to teach by example.
|Grades K to 8
6:00 to 7:30 p.m.
|Sr. Josephine Rasoamampionon
Preparation is for first penance, first communion and confirmation. It is available for pupils of Mater Dei Academy, PSR students and home-schoolers.
|Meeting Time
|Select Sundays 9:30 a.m. to Noon
|Meeting Location
|Sister Josephine Rasoamampionon
Faith enrichment sessions are held periodically throughout the year on various themes. Volunteers needed: hospitality assistance, facility set-up.
|Parish Office
VBS is a one week long summer program for elementary school-aged children. A theme is presented through interactive activities, such as Bible stories, songs, skits, arts and crafts, and team-building game activities. Junior high and high school students, and adults are needed prior to VBS week in the areas of planning, registration, decorating, and for all activities during VBS week.
|Sr. Josephine Rasoamampionon
The catechumenal process is the means by which unbaptized persons enter the Church. Additionally, non-Catholic Christians enter into full communion with the Church and Catholic adults prepare for the Sacraments of Eucharist or Confirmation through this program. Volunteers needed: catechists, liturgy dismissal facilitators, hospitality assistance, sacramental sponsors.
|Parish Office


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Protection and Investigation Solutions
for Your Needs
Peeler Group International is dedicated to providing Risk Management & Investigative solutions for your business, government and personal concerns. Peeler Group International is a subsidiary of the Peeler group, Inc. founded in 1995, we credit our understanding of client needs and the strength of our personnel for our continuing success. The result of our success has been the satisfaction and trust of our clients located worldwide.
Our "total protection solutions" perspective and unobtrusive approach allows us to service clients needs in mitigating threats to their success, reputation and financial stability.


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|Pin-up Wow
Short review: I recommend Pinup Wow to all my fellow sophisticants, and all the old farts, too. Not only are there plenty of classic beauties to choose from, but they're also willing to show some major skin, and if need be, perhaps even a little more. The site is updated regularly with photos and videos that will take you back to the days when imagery like this was all we had to get our rocks off. So go ahead and sign-up if that's what you're looking for. You won't regret it.
Content Amount: Thousands of photo galleries and nearly 800 movies.


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Words to Live ByPosted: May 16, 2011 Filed under: McFatty Monday | Tags: life lessons, pinterest, words 2 Comments
{Image found here. Unsure of actual source.
If it's yours, let me know so I can credit you.}
I've struggled with my weight for a long time. I have been heavy, I have been in shape, I have been pregnant. I didn't love any of those versions of me, honestly. I've always had higher expectations for myself than are probably realistic. And that's when my OCD tendencies kick in and decide that if I can't have the OMGPERFECT body, then it's not worth trying at all. It's a nasty, unhealthy cycle.
So I am making this my new mantra. It's got to work better for me than twenty plus years of self-loathing.
2 Comments on "Words to Live By"
Love it! Thanks for sharing.
i love this!


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|System: DS
|Review Rating Legend
|Dev: Skip
|1.0 - 1.9 = Avoid
|4.0 - 4.4 = Great
|Pub: Nintendo
|2.0 - 2.4 = Poor
|4.5 - 4.9 = Must Buy
|Release: Oct. 2, 2007
|2.5 - 2.9 = Average
|5.0 = The Best
|Players: 1
|3.0 - 3.4 = Fair
|ESRB Rating: Everyone
|3.5 - 3.9 = Good
Playing groundskeeper is a blast, but anyone expecting the same kind of experience found in the original may find themselves feeling slighted at first. It's easy to think of Park Patrol as Chibi-Robo lite. Compared to the original, the emphasis on exploration is greatly diminished, and the overall gameplay environment is much smaller. Aside from the park grounds, which are fortunately quite large, you can send Chibi across the street to a town area consisting of a few storefronts, an alleyway, and a burger joint.
There's not much to do there besides sell flowers for happy points, hunt through garbage for hidden items, and recruit pals to help you work on the park. There aren't as many areas to explore, but the expansive park management element almost completely makes up for it.
When it comes to building up your park, you have complete control over every aspect of its appearance. Attracting people to the park is a major goal, and you'll greatly improve the number of visitors to the area by including interactive elements, games, utility structures, and other fun features, along with enhancing its natural beauty. Numerous enhancements can be unlocked by finding hidden cartridges located throughout the game. The cartridges can be fed into a wall-mounted Famicom unit located in the Chibi-House. Stumbling across new cartridges is exciting and adding new features to your park is actually quite satisfying. Whether it's putting in a trampoline, a park bench, a windmill for power generation, or even simple items like trees and streams, there's a lot of cool things you can do with the space. Finding your way around the park also becomes easier once you unlock a handful of cute vehicles for Chibi-Robo. Watching him pedal around on a little bicycle is curiously heart-warming.
Even though the gameplay has changed somewhat drastically, Park Patrol still manages to capture the delightful essence of the original, only in a smaller package. The environmental conservation theme is also refreshing to see in a game. Hopefully it will turn on some of the younger players the idea of cleaning up the environment while keeping them entertained. Park Patrol is a great stepping stone for Chibi-Robo. Let's just cross our fingers the little guy makes the jump back to a full-blown console game in near future.
Nathan Meunier
CCC Freelance Writer


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Everyone knows her - she is the girl who likes rock-solid peckers more than anything! Here, she got banged hard once again.
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The gap in life expectancy between those working in unskilled jobs and those
in professional occupations has narrowed, latest official statistics have
New figures from the Office for National Statistics covering the years 1972
to 1999, showed that for 1997 to 1999, life expectancy in the professional
social classes was 78.5 years for men and 82.8 years for women.
By comparison, for men in unskilled social classes, life expectancy was 71.1
years for the same period – 7.4 years less than their peers in the professional
social classes. Life expectancy for women in the same sector was 77.1 – 5.7
years less.
The gap between the social classes for men, although still wider than the
5.5 figure reported for 1972 to 1976, was an improvement on the 9.5 years
reported in 1992 to 1996.
Public Health Minister Yvette Cooper said the fact the gap had closed was
welcome, but there was still a long way to go.
"Those from the lowest social class still have a life expectancy lower
than that enjoyed by professional men 30 years ago. That is why the Government
is committed to a major programme tackling health inequalities from child
poverty to helping people give up smoking," she added.


text: This Work requires few prefatory remarks. I have transcribed without alteration, the Diary that I kept during my visit to Kashmir. It may seem a strange jumble of description and sentiment, jocularity and seriousness. During the greater part of each day I enjoyed perfect rest, smoking and thinkingsometimes soberly, often I fear idlyand for mere occupation sake, my thoughts were written as they arose. My mind as influenced by scene or incident, is fully exposed in these pages, and while I have concealed nothing, neither have I added to that which I originally indited. I am necessarily, and indeed intentionally egotistical, because I write for those who will chiefly value a personal narrative. Still, I am not ashamed if others see my book, although I would deprecate their criticism by begging them to remember that I only offer it for the perusal of those near and dear to me.


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By: Joseph M Forshaw and William T Cooper
223 pages, 26 col plates, 25 b/w plates
The outstanding partnership of Australians Joseph Forshaw and illustrator William T Cooper has produced another landmark publication. Birdwatchers visiting forested areas of Africa are captivated by brilliantly-coloured turacos. But there has been a dearth of studies of wild populations. This volume brings together published material, personal field observations and unpublished accounts. It is the first fully illustrated monograph on Turacos to be published since 1860.
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Simply the Best Place to go for Online Fly Fishing and Fly Tyinghttps://globalflyfisher.com/pix/that-very-high-unstable-b
Simply the Best Place to go for Online Fly Fishing and Fly Tying
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Published Mar 16. 2011 - 7 years ago
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That very high unstable b...
That very high unstable bank is the perfect spot for Val to call the action for Rob down below with the 5 weight nymphing rig.
Twizel River, Sth Isalnd, New Zealand
Submitted by:Dave Cook
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There are many people I work with who think life is over once they are in the criminal justice system. But, I ask them if they consider themselves criminals. This may seem like a strange question, but it is very simple. There are eight common criminal thinking errors:
Mollification- Justifying behaviors
Entitlement- hello celebs
Power Orientation- threats
Sentimentality- I did it for my family
Super optimism- This is a sure thing- one time only
Cognitive Indolence (lazy behavior)
Discontinuity-I was working and then a good show came on
Many of us have one or more of these ways of thinking in our everyday lives, but people who commit crimes or are substance abusers have more than one or two. Yet, I still would not call most of my client's criminals. They are people with generally good character who have made some very poor choices. In fact, maybe only one poor choice like drinking and driving. A true criminal goes about everyday life with an angle for everything.
A criminal act is much different than being a criminal. Once you understand this and decide if you are capable of many crimes it is easy to determine that most people in prison today are not in fact true criminals. They are people who commit crimes and have made some criminal thinking errors. Thus, they can CHANGE.
So, the next time you judge somebody remember their shoes could fit your feet. The goal must be identifying and understanding those who make mistakes and poor choices and those who will never rehabilitate. This is the key to our criminal justice system's problems. My experience is that for most change is possible with lots of hard work.
Wendy Feldman is a criminal justice expert, crisis manager and family legal coach. She is the leading expert on Alternative Sentencing. She is also head of the Alternative Sentencing Program at Cliffside Malibu. She is available for private consultation on how to prepare for a successful incarceration, probation and re-entry. She is also available for media commentary and has appeared in the media on The Today Show, The CBS Early Show, E! News, People.com, Fox News, NBC News, BBC, CNN, NPR Slate, Wall Street Journal, Discovery Network and others. She may be reached at email@example.com
Follow @thewendyfeldman