text:
BOSTON — #AllRise?
Oh, Jackie Bradley Jr. rose, all right.
Bradley rose so high Sunday night that he came down with what should have been New York Yankees phenom Aaron Judge's 31st homer of the season. It happened in the eighth inning of the finale of a day-night doubleheader at Fenway Park with the Boston Red Sox leading by three runs. Judge crushed a ball to the center-field triangle, but Bradley tracked it, timed his leap and made one of the best catches you will ever see — even if the Red Sox center fielder insists it wasn't his most difficult.
"It actually made the hair stand up on my arms," right fielder Mookie Betts said after a 3-0 victory. "It was electric. It was just a fun moment to be a part of."
But David Price rose, too, for the Red Sox. In the long run, that was the most meaningful takeaway from Sunday night.
The Red Sox and Yankees played four games in the past three days, including 34 innings in a span of 31 hours between Saturday and Sunday. By the time Price threw his first pitch at 8:10 p.m., the Sox had dropped back-to-back games, failed to score a run in 22 consecutive innings and watched their division lead over the Yankees shrink to 2.5 games.
A strong case could be made that Boston needed its $217 million lefty as much as at any point until he makes his next postseason start. And he delivered.
Price set the tone by getting out of a two-on, two-out situation in the first inning and cruised for the next seven. In his 10th start since returning from a spring-training elbow injury, he was at his very best, blanking the Yankees on seven hits and striking out eight in eight walk-free innings to outduel Masahiro Tanaka.
Betts provided the offense, slugging a two-run homer over the Green Monster in the third inning and manufacturing a run with his speed in the sixth. But in a series dominated by pitching — Red Sox starters combined for a 1.63 ERA, while Yankees starters posted a 2.55 mark — Price's start was an exclamation point.
In the post-David Ortiz era, the Red Sox are built around their pitching, especially their starting rotation. And if Price continues to pitch like this — on the heels of ace lefty Chris Sale's latest masterpiece of 7⅔ scoreless innings on Saturday — nobody will catch the Sox in the American League East.
"It starts with David Price," manager John Farrell said. "That was just a great game from him. He was outstanding — powerful from start to finish, a lot of strikes, very good command. It was impressive to see how he maintained his stuff throughout. Fastball to both sides of the plate. I thought he had a really good cutter. On a night when we needed a bounce-back win, it was a big performance by David."
Said Bradley: "David pitched spectacular tonight. It was definitely fun playing behind him. Hopefully this helps us with some momentum going forward."
To be fair, it was a continuation of the way Price had been pitching before the All-Star break. After dealing with uncharacteristic command issues in his first handful of starts, Price allowed seven earned runs on 23 hits for a 2.52 ERA and had a 26-to-5 strikeouts-to-walks ratio in his last four starts before the break.
Whereas the Red Sox — and even Price, if he's being honest — might have had some uncertainty over whether he would return to his usual form in the aftermath of the elbow strain, there is no longer any doubt.
"That's in the past in my eyes," Price said. "I expect to go out there and get 27 outs and nine zeroes every fifth day, every time I touch the mound. That was a good win for us. We needed it."
And Price needed Bradley to come down with Judge's drive in the eighth. The Sox pitched Judge tough all weekend, holding him to one infield hit in the four games. But if not for Bradley, Judge might have changed the complexion of the series finale.
"I didn't think it was going in the bullpen. I thought it was going to hit the Jumbotron, to be honest," Price said. "That's the loudest ball I've heard. I'm pretty sure the wind was blowing in tonight. That's the only reason why that ball stayed in — other than Jackie."
To hear Betts tell it, Bradley had it all along.
"Jackie does this little thing where, midway while the ball is in the air, he starts timing it," Betts said. "Once I saw him timing it, I figured he had a chance to catch it. He made it look easy."
According to Bradley, it was easier than a diving catch in 2015 against then-White Sox catcher Tyler Flowers. Bradley has made plenty of other highlight-reel catches, but considering Judge's profile as the game's preeminent power hitter, this one will be remembered for a while.
"I know that I was timing up my steps. I wasn't sprinting back to the wall and waiting," Bradley said. "It was one of those plays where I just try to make sure I get my feet aligned and don't jump into the wall, but actually go up."
Rise, if you will.
Bradley rose. Price did, too. Just when the Red Sox needed them to.


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Private prison
A private prison, or for-profit prison, is a place in which individuals are physically confined or incarcerated by a third party that is contracted by a government agency. Private prison companies typically enter into contractual agreements with governments that commit prisoners and then pay a per diem or monthly rate, either for each prisoner in the facility, or for each place available, whether occupied or not. Such contracts may be for the operation only of a facility, or for design, construction and operation.
Private prisons are controversial. The main argument for the contracting of prisons to private operators is that it can save money. The main argument against contracting prisons is concerns that the rights and care of inmates will be compromised.
- 1 United Kingdom
- 2 Australia
- 3 France
- 4 United States
- 4.1 Early history
- 4.2 Development
- 4.3 Escape of Arizona Murderers
- 4.4 Cost–benefit analysis
- 4.5 Costs
- 4.6 Inadequacies including staff training
- 4.7 Bureaucratic corruption scandals
- 4.8 Judicial corruption scandal
- 4.9 Lobbying
- 4.10 Opposition
- 4.11 Attempts to limit privatization and decrease oversight
- 4.12 Media coverage in the United States
- 5 Canada
- 6 New Zealand
- 7 Israel
- 8 See also
- 9 References
- 10 Further reading
- 11 External links
United Kingdom[edit]
In the modern era, the United Kingdom was the first European country to use for-profit prisons. Wolds Prison opened as the first privately managed prison in the UK in 1992.[1] This was enabled by the passage of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 which empowered the Home Secretary to contract out prison services to the private sector.[2]:84–88
In addition, a number of the UK's Immigration Removal Centres are privately operated, including the Harmondsworth Immigration Removal Centre, Yarl's Wood Immigration Removal Centre, and Colnbrook Immigration Removal Centre.
In 2007 the new Scottish National Party Government in Scotland announced that it was opposed to privately run prisons and would not let any more contracts.[3] Since then, new prisons in Scotland have been built and run by the public sector. The last contract let in England and Wales was for HM Prison Northumberland, which transferred from the public sector to Sodexo in 2013. The most recent new prison to be built in England and Wales, HM Prison Berwyn near Wrexham, was given to the public sector to operate without any competition when it opened in 2017. On 26 June 2018 the prisons minister, Rory Stewart, told the Commons Justice Committee that a new publicly run prison would be built at Wellingborough, Northants, and a new privately run prison at Glen Parva, Leicestershire, as part of a programme to build 10,000 places in 6 new prisons.[4]
In the 2017 General Election, the Labour Party said that there would not be any new private prisons under a Labour Government, but did not commit to ending existing contracts.
Contractual arrangements[edit]
In the UK there are two ways in which a private company may take on management of a prison:
- Companies compete to finance, design, build and run a new prison under the private finance initiative. Most prisons in the UK are of this kind, although the use of PFI now appears to have been abandoned.
- A prison formerly operated by the public sector prison service may be contracted out after competition ("market testing").
Prisons may be re-competed at the end of the contract. Increasingly, a range of services within all prisons, whether public or privately run, are contracted out on a regional basis: this includes works and FM services, and rehabilitation programmes.
Governance and accountability[edit]
Privately run prisons are run under contracts which set out the standards that must be met, which in many respects mirror the Service Level Agreements which apply to publicly run prisons.[5] Payments may be deducted for poor performance against the contract. Government monitors ("controllers") work permanently within each privately managed prison to check on conditions and treatment of prisoners. The framework for regulation and accountability is much the same for privately run prisons as for publicly run ones. In England and Wales they are subject to unannounced inspection by HM Chief Inspector of Prisons, to monitoring by local Independent Monitoring Boards and prisoner complaints are dealt with by the Prison and Probation Ombudsman. Similar arrangements exist in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
There has been little systematic, objective evaluation of private prisons in the UK. The best study, by the Institute of Criminology at Cambridge University, using direct observation of staff and prisoner behaviour, found that public sector staff tended to be more knowledgeable and confident, while the private sector treated prisoners more respectfully, though one private prison scored well on both [6]. Earlier, cruder, studies came to broadly the same conclusion [7]. Another study found marked improvements in prisoner quality of life at Birmingham prison after transfer from public to private sector [8]. An analysis of performance assessments of individual prisons by the Chief Inspector of Prisons and by the Prison Service suggested no consistent difference in service quality between sectors [9] The same study showed that construction and operating costs were for many years much lower in the private sector, but that the gap has narrowed.
In early 2012, Frances Crook, chief executive of the Howard League for Penal Reform said Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons encountered an almost nine-fold rise in restraint used in the previous year at Ashfield Young Offenders Institution, which holds 15- to 18-year-olds. She cited "many incidents of strip searching children unnecessarily". Force had been used almost 150 times a month compared to 17 times monthly the prior year, recalling it had "chilling echoes" of circumstances in the choking death of a 15-year-old at Rainsbrook Secure Training Centre after restraints had been applied. Frequent use of force followed failure of wards to obey staff instructions. Three years earlier the institution recorded more than 600 attacks on inmates in one year - the highest number of every jail, including adults, in the country. Crook claimed "This jail has a history of failing children and the public." Managers claimed the increase was due to better reporting of the use of restraints. The institution had been half full during the previous unannounced inspection in 2010. The chief inspector of prisons noted "some staff lacked confidence in challenging poor behaviour." The director of the prison and the YOI admitted there is "room for improvement."[10]
Six members of staff were dismissed from G4S-operated Rainsbrook Secure Training Centre for children in Rugby in May 2015 following a series of incidents of gross misconduct. G4S took the action in response to an Ofsted inspection that reported some staff being on drugs while on duty, colluding with detainees and behaving "extremely inappropriately". The behaviour allegedly included causing distress and humiliation to children by subjecting them to degrading treatment and racist comments.[11][12]
Four G4S team leaders of Medway Secure Training Centre in Rochester were arrested in January 2016 and four other staff members were placed on restricted duties, following an investigation by the BBC's Panorama TV programme into the centre. Allegations in the television programme included foul language and use of unnecessary force – such physical violence, overuse of restraint techniques (causing one teenager to have difficulties breathing) – on 10 boys aged 14 to 17, as well as a cover-up involving members of staff by avoiding surveillance cameras in order not to be recorded, and purposefully misreporting incidents in order to avoid potential fines and punishment; for example, in one exchange, it was claimed some staff don't report "two or more trainees fighting" because it indicates they've "lost control of the centre", resulting in a potential fine.[13][14][15]
G4S-run Medway managers received performance-related pay awards in April 2016, despite the chief inspector of prisons weeks saying weeks earlier that "managerial oversight failed to protect young people from harm at the jail." In January, Panorama showed an undercover reporter working as a guard at the Medway secure training centre (STC) in Kent. The film showed children allegedly being mistreated and claimed that staff falsified records of violent incidents. No senior managers were disciplined or dismissed. Prior to the Panorama programme's broadcast, the Youth Justice Board (YJB), which oversees youth custody in England, stopped placing children in Medway. In February, a Guardian investigation revealed that, in 2003, whistleblowers had warned G4S, the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) and the YJB that staff were mistreating detained children. Their letter, forwarded by Prof John Pitts, a youth justice expert, was ignored. When the prisons inspectorate carried out a snap inspection at Medway it found detainees reported staff had used insulting, aggressive or racist language toward them and felt unsafe in facility portions not covered by closed circuit TV. Reviewers agreed to the legitimacy of evidence presented by Panorama showing, "...targeted bullying of vulnerable boys," by employees, and that, "A larger group of staff must have been aware of unacceptable practice but did not challenge or report this behaviour."
In an earlier Ofsted report on Medway, inspectors said staff and middle managers reported feeling a lack of leadership and having "low, or no confidence in senior managers." Nick Hardwick, at the time the chief inspector of prisons said, "Managerial oversight failed to protect young people from harm. Effective oversight is key to creating a positive culture that prevents poor practice happening and ensuring it is reported when it does." The Guardian newspaper learned that senior managers at Medway received performance-related pay awards in April amounting to between 10-25% of their annual salaries, according to seniority. One 15-year-old girl placed at Medway in 2009 said she was frequently unlawfully restrained over 18 months, citing an occasion in which her face was repeatedly slammed into icy ground. "I assumed the senior management team would be sacked... But now it looks like they have been rewarded for allowing children to be abused in prison," she said. Former Labour MP Sally Keeble has complained about G4S maltreatment in STC's for over ten years, stating: "This is people making personal profit out of tragedy. I hope that justice minister Liz Truss would intervene and make sure these bonuses are not being paid by a Ministry of Justice contractor." Notwithstanding the results of the investigations no senior managers at Medway were disciplined or dismissed.[16] In May, the MoJ said the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) would take over the running of Medway. In July, it formally assumed control of the STC. In February 2016, G4S had announced that it was to sell its children's services business, including the contract to manage two secure training centres. The company hoped to complete the process by the end of 2016.[17]
Following release of an extremely critical report regarding a G4S-operated jail, the Labour party's shadow justice secretary said they would be inclined to take control of for-profit prisons if the industry competitors had not met deadlines imposed upon them. Sadiq Khan's response stressed the need for better contracting, to include liquidated damages provisions. The chief inspector of prisons Nick Hardwick, recommended the crafting of a takeover contingency plan. "It's not delivering what the public should expect of the millions being paid to G4S to run it." Khan said, " I see no difference whether the underperformance is in the public, private or voluntary sector... We shouldn't tolerate mediocrity in the running of our prisons." Khan continued: "We can't go on with scandal after scandal, where the public's money is being squandered and the quality of what's delivered isn't up to scratch. The government is too reliant on a cosy group of big companies. The public are rightly getting fed up to the back teeth of big companies making huge profits out of the taxpayer, which smacks to them of rewards for failure."[18]
The process of privatization of prisons in France is presenting from the major events from 1987 to the present by a French Scholar[19] France has chosen a semi-private system. It consists of delegating the so-called non-sovereign missions (kitchen, laundry, maintenance) to companies and leaving the guard and security to the State. Organizing inmate work in prison workshops is one of the tasks that has been delegated to the prison management companies. Prison is a space of forced confinement where the overriding concern is security. The fact is that at several levels, and depending on type of prison (high security or not), production logic clashes with security logic. Structural limitations of production in a prison can restrict private companies' profit-taking capacities. On the basis of a field study conducted in 2004 and 2005 in five prisons chosen by prison and management type, Guilbaud show that the intensity of the tension between production and security, and the various ways this tension arises and is handled, vary by type of prison (short-stay, for convicts awaiting sentence, or relatively long-stay for sentence-serving inmates) and type of management. The production/security tension seems better integrated in public-sector prisons than in those managed by the private sector in the sense that it produces fewer conflicts in them. This result runs counter to the widespread understanding that shaped the 1987 reform, the idea that introducing private enterprise and the professionalism associated with it into prisons would improve inmate employment and prison operation.
United States[edit]
Early history[edit]
The privatization of prisons can be traced to the contracting out of confinement and care of prisoners after the American Revolution. Deprived of the ability to ship criminals and undesirables to the Colonies, Great Britain began placing them on hulks (used as prison ships) moored in English ports.[20]
In 1852, on the northwest San Francisco Bay in California, inmates of the prison ship Waban began building a contract facility to house themselves at Point Quentin. The prison became known as San Quentin, which is still in operation today. Its partial transfer of prison administration from private to public did not mark the end of privatization.[21]
The next phase began with the Reconstruction Period (1865–1876) in the south, after the end of the Civil War. Plantations and businessmen needed to find replacements for the labor force once their slaves had been freed. Beginning in 1868, convict leases were issued to private parties to supplement their workforce.[22][23] This system remained in place until the early 20th century.
Federal and state governments have a long history of contracting out specific services to private firms, including medical services, food preparation, vocational training, and inmate transportation. However, the 1980s ushered in a new era of prison privatization. With a burgeoning prison population resulting from the War on Drugs and increased use of incarceration, prison overcrowding and rising costs became increasingly problematic for local, state, and federal governments. In response to this expanding criminal justice system, private business interests saw an opportunity for expansion, and consequently, private-sector involvement in prisons moved from the simple contracting of services to contracting for the complete management and operation of entire prisons.[24]
The modern private prison business first emerged and established itself publicly in 1984 when the Corrections Corporation of America (CCA), now known as CoreCivic, was awarded a contract to take over a facility in Shelby County, Tennessee. This marked the first time that any government in the country had contracted out the complete operation of a jail to a private operator.[25] The following year, CCA gained further public attention when it offered to take over the entire state prison system of Tennessee for $200 million. The bid was ultimately defeated due to strong opposition from public employees and the skepticism of the state legislature.[26] Despite that initial defeat, CCA since then has successfully expanded, as have other for-profit prison companies.
Statistics from the U.S. Department of Justice show that, as of 2013, there were 133,000 state and federal prisoners housed in privately owned prisons in the U.S., constituting 8.4% of the overall U.S. prison population.[27] Broken down to prison type, 19.1% of the federal prison population in the United States is housed in private prisons and 6.8% of the U.S. state prison population is housed in private prisons.[27] While 2013 represented a slight decline in private prison population over 2012, the overall trend over the preceding decade had been a slow increase.[27] However, as of 2017, after a period of steady growth, the number of inmates held in private prisons in the United States has declined modestly and continues to represent a small share of the nation's total prison population. [28] Companies operating such facilities include the Corrections Corporation of America (CCA), the GEO Group, Inc. (formerly known as Wackenhut Securities), Management and Training Corporation (MTC), and Community Education Centers. In the past two decades CCA has seen its profits increase by more than 500 percent.[29] The prison industry as a whole took in over $5 billion in revenue in 2011.[30]
According to journalist Matt Taibbi, Wall Street banks took notice of this influx of cash, and are now some of the prison industry's biggest investors. Wells Fargo has around $100 million invested in GEO Group and $6 million in CCA. Other major investors include Bank of America, Fidelity Investments, General Electric and The Vanguard Group. CCA's share price went from a dollar in 2000 to $34.34 in 2013.[30] Sociologist John L. Campbell and activist and journalist Chris Hedges respectively assert that prisons in the United States have become a "lucrative" and "hugely profitable" business.[31][32]
In June 2013, students at Columbia University discovered that the institution owned $8 million worth of CCA stock. Less than a year later, students formed a group called Columbia Prison Divest, and delivered a letter to the president of the University demanding total divestment from CCA and full disclosure of future investments.[33] By June 2015, the board of trustees at Columbia University voted to divest from the private prison industry.[34]
CoreCivic (previously CCA) has a capacity of more than 80,000 beds in 65 correctional facilities. The GEO Group operates 57 facilities with a capacity of 49,000 offender beds.[35] The company owns or runs more than 100 properties that operate more than 73,000 beds in sites across the world.[36]
Most privately run facilities are located in the southern and western portions of the United States and include both state and federal offenders.[37] For example, Pecos, Texas is the site of the largest private prison in the world, the Reeves County Detention Complex, operated by the GEO Group.[38] It has a capacity of 3,763 prisoners in its three sub-complexes,[39]
Private prison firms, reacting to reductions in prison populations, are increasingly looking away from mere incarceration and are seeking to maintain profitability by expanding into new markets previously served by non-profit behavioral health and treatment-oriented agencies, including prison medical care, forensic mental hospitals, civil commitment centers, halfway houses and home arrest.[40][41][42]
A 2016 report by the U.S. Department of Justice asserts that privately operated federal facilities are less safe, less secure and more punitive than other federal prisons.[43] Shortly thereafter, the DoJ announced it will stop using private prisons.[44] Nevertheless, a month later the Department of Homeland Security renewed a controversial contract with the CCA to continue operating the South Texas Family Residential Center, an immigrant detention facility in Dilley, Texas.[45]
Stock prices for CCA and GEO Group surged following Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 elections.[46][47] On February 23, the DOJ under Attorney General Jeff Sessions overturned the ban on using private prisons. According to Sessions, "the (Obama administration) memorandum changed long-standing policy and practice, and impaired the bureau's ability to meet the future needs of the federal correctional system. Therefore, I direct the bureau to return to its previous approach."[48]
Escape of Arizona Murderers[edit]
In the wake of the escape of three murderers from the minimum/medium security Kingman Prison, Arizona operated by Management and Training Corporation (MTC), and its gruesome aftermath, Arizona Attorney General and gubernatorial candidate Terry Goddard said "I believe a big part of our problem is that the very violent inmates, like the three that escaped, ended up getting reclassified [as a lower risk] quickly and sent to private prisons that were just not up to the job".[49] The private prison had inadequate patrols and prisoner movement, excessive false alarms, a lax culture, and inconsistencies in visitor screening procedures.[50]
One escaping murderer, Daniel Renwick, immediately absconded with the intended getaway vehicle, abandoning his companions outside the prison. He was involved in a shootout in Rifle, Colorado, about 30 hours after the prison break, and was captured by a Garfield County deputy and Rifle police.[51] Though he still "owed" Arizona 32 years on his sentence, he was sentenced to sixty years to be served first in Colorado.[52]
In the course of evading pursuers, the remaining two escapees and their accomplice, Casslyn Welch, kidnapped and hijacked vacationing Oklahomans Gary and Linda Haas in New Mexico. The couple was soon murdered by the ringleader, John McCluskey. The extended family of the murdered couple sued the state of Arizona, as well as Dominion, a corporation based in Edmond, Oklahoma, that spec-built the prison, and MTC, the corporation that managed it, for $40 million.[53][54] The last escapees and their accomplice were soon captured. Tracy Province, a lifer, was apprehended in Wyoming on August 9. The final pair were arrested on August 19, 20 days after the jailbreak, upon their return to Arizona. All three were first convicted of the escapes, initial hijacking, kidnappings and robberies in Kingman, Arizona. Then they were charged with the same crimes plus murder in New Mexico. John McCluskey, the ringleader, and his accomplice, Casslyn Welch, were also alleged to have committed an armed robbery in Arkansas.[55] The three were eventually held on federal murder charges in New Mexico. McCluskey was tried on death penalty charges but after five months of court proceedings, his jury gave him life imprisonment on December 11, 2013. Estimates of the costs of the nationwide searches as well as the apprehensions, prosecutions and subsequent imprisonment in the three states greatly exceed a million dollars.[56]
Cost–benefit analysis[edit]
Studies, some partially industry-funded, often conclude that states can save money by using for-profit prisons. However, academic or state-funded studies have found that private prisons tend to keep more low-cost inmates and send others back to state-run prisons, which in retrospect is counterproductive to the cost benefit analysis of the Private Prisons.[57]
Proponents of privately run prisons contend that cost-savings and efficiency of operation place private prisons at an advantage over public prisons and support the argument for privatization, but some research casts doubt on the validity of these arguments, as evidence has shown that private prisons are neither demonstrably more cost-effective, nor more efficient than public prisons.[24] An evaluation of 24 different studies on cost-effectiveness revealed that, at best, results of the question are inconclusive and, at worst, there is no difference in cost-effectiveness.[58]
A study by the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics found that the cost-savings promised by private prisons "have simply not materialized".[59] Some research has concluded that for-profit prisons cost more than public prisons.[60] Furthermore, cost estimates from privatization advocates may be misleading, because private facilities often refuse to accept inmates that cost the most to house. A 2001 study concluded that a pattern of sending less expensive inmates to privately run facilities artificially inflated cost savings.[61] A 2005 study found that Arizona's public facilities were seven times more likely to house violent offenders and three times more likely to house those convicted of more serious offenses.[62] A 2011 report by the American Civil Liberties Union point out that private prisons are more costly, more violent and less accountable than public prisons, and are actually a major contributor to increased mass incarceration.[63] This is most apparent in Louisiana, which has the highest incarceration rate in the world and houses the majority of its inmates in for-profit facilities.[64] Marie Gottschalk, professor of political science at the University of Pennsylvania, argues that the prison industry "engages in a lot of cherry-picking and cost-shifting to maintain the illusion that the private sector does it better for less." In fact, she notes that studies generally show that private facilities are more dangerous for both correctional officers and inmates than their public counterparts as a result of cost-cutting measures, such as spending less on training for correctional officers (and paying them lower wages) and providing only the most basic medical care for inmates.[65]
A 2014 study by a doctoral candidate at UC Berkeley shows that minorities make up a greater percentage of inmates at private prisons than in their public counterparts, largely because minorities are cheaper to incarcerate. According to the study, for-profit prison operators, in particular CCA and GEO Group, accumulate these low-cost inmates "through explicit and implicit exemptions written into contracts between these private prison management companies and state departments of correction".[66]
Inadequacies including staff training[edit]
Evidence suggests that lower staffing levels and training at private facilities may lead to increases in the incidence of violence and escapes. A nationwide study found that assaults on guards by inmates were 49 percent more frequent in private prisons than in government-run prisons. The same study revealed that assaults on fellow inmates were 65 percent more frequent in private prisons.[67]
An example of private prisons' inadequate staff training leading to jail violence was reported by two Bloomberg News journalists, Margaret Newkirk and William Selway in Mississippi regarding the now-closed Walnut Grove Correctional Facility (WGCF). According to the journalists, the ratio of staff to prisoners in this prison was only 1 to 120. In a bloody riot in this prison, six inmates were rushed to the hospital, including one with permanent brain damage. During the riot, the staff of the prison did not respond but waited until the melee ended, because prisoners outnumbered staff by a ratio of 60-1. The lack of well-trained staff does not only lead to violence but also corruption. According to a former WGCF prisoner, the corrections officers were also responsible for smuggling operations within the prison. To make more money, some provided prisoners with contraband, including drugs, cellphones and weapons.[68] Law enforcement investigations led to the exposure of a far wider web of corruption.
Bureaucratic corruption scandals[edit]
At the Walnut Grove C.F., intense corruption was involved in the construction and operation of, and subcontracting for medical, commissary and other services. After exposure of the rape of a female transitional center prisoner by the mayor, who also served as a warden, a bribery scheme was uncovered. It had paid millions to the corrupt Mississippi Department of Corrections Commissioner Chris Epps and his conduits. Ten additional officials and consultants, including three former state legislators (two Republicans and one Democrat), were indicted in the Department of Justice's Operation Mississippi Hustle prosecution.
Prior to the Mississippi investigations and prosecutions, a similar investigation began in 2003, dubbed Operation Polar Pen, exposed a wide-ranging bribery scheme of what legislative members themselves called the "Corrupt Bastards Club" (CBC). It initially involved for-profit corrections, then extended to include fisheries management and oil industry taxation. At least fifteen targets of the investigation, including ten sitting or former elected officials, the governor's chief of staff, and four lobbyists were considered for possible prosecution, and a dozen were indicted. Investigation of a Democratic state senator found nothing amiss, but ten indictments were issued that included six Republican state legislators, two halfway house lobbyists, two very wealthy contractors and the U.S. Senator, Ted Stevens. The seven felony convictions against Stevens were overturned, as were verdicts involving three other legislators and the governor's Chief of Staff, one directly due to the Supreme Court's overturning part of the existing "Honest Services Fraud Statute - 18 U.S.C. § 1346" in the case of Representative Bruce Weyhrauch. Weyhrauch pleaded guilty to a state misdemeanor. Others also had their verdicts overturned, in part because the prosecution failed to completely disclose exculpatory evidence to their defense, but three of those also pleaded guilty to lesser charges. Though they were implicated, the Department of Justice also declined to prosecute a former state senator and the U.S. Congressman, Don Young, who spent over a million dollars on his defense, though he was never indicted.
Judicial corruption scandal[edit]
In the kids for cash scandal, Mid-Atlantic Youth Services Corp, a private prison company which runs juvenile facilities, was found guilty of paying two judges, Mark Ciavarella and Michael Conahan, $2.8 million to send 2,000 children to their prisons for such crimes as trespassing in vacant buildings and stealing DVDs from Wal-Mart.[69][70]
The influence of the for-profit prison industry on the government has been described as the prison–industrial complex.[71][72][73][74]
CoreCivic (previously CCA), MTC and The GEO Group have been members of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), a Washington, D.C.-based public policy organization that develops model legislation that advances free-market principles such as privatization. Under their Criminal Justice Task Force, ALEC has developed model bills which State legislators can then consult when proposing "tough on crime" initiatives including "Truth in Sentencing" and "Three Strikes" laws.[75] By funding and participating in ALEC's Criminal Justice Task Forces, critics argue, private prison companies influence legislation for tougher, longer sentences.[76] Writing in Governing magazine in 2003, Alan Greenblatt states:
ALEC has been a major force behind both privatizing state prison space and keeping prisons filled. It puts forward bills providing for mandatory minimum sentences and three-strikes sentencing requirements. About 40 states passed versions of ALEC's Truth in Sentencing model bill, which requires prisoners convicted of violent crimes to serve most of their sentences without chance of parole.[77]
According to Cooper, Heldman, Ackerman, and Farrar-Meyers (2016), ALEC has been known to push for the expansion of the private prison industry by promoting greater use of private prisons, goods, and services; promoting greater use of prison labor; and increasing the size of prison populations. ALEC has had a hand in not only broadening the definition of existing crimes, but also in the creation of new crimes. ALEC is known for developing policies that may threaten civil liberties by increasing the probabilities of incarceration and lengthy sentences (Cooper et al., 2016).
According to a 2010 report by NPR, ALEC arranged meetings between the Corrections Corporation of America and Arizona's state legislators such as Russell Pearce at the Grand Hyatt in Washington, D.C. to write Arizona SB 1070, which would keep CCA's immigrant detention centers stuffed with detainees.[78][79]
CCA and GEO have both engaged in state initiatives to increase sentences for offenders and to create new crimes, including, CCA helping to finance Proposition 6 in California in 2008 and GEO lobbying for Jessica's Law[80] in Kansas in 2006. In 2012, The CCA sent a letter to 48 states offering to buy public prisons in exchange for a promise to keep the prisons at 90% occupancy for 20 years.[81][82] States that sign such contracts with prison companies must reimburse them for beds that go unused; in 2011, Arizona agreed to pay Management & Training Corporation $3 million for empty beds when a 97 percent quota wasn't met.[83]
Many organizations have called for a moratorium on construction of private prisons, or for their outright abolition.[84] The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) and United Methodist Church have also joined the call, as well as the Catholic Bishops of the South organization.[85]
As of 2013, there has been a modest pushback against the private prison industry, with protests forcing GEO Group to withdraw its $6 million offer for naming rights of FAU Stadium, and Kentucky allowing its contract with the CCA to expire, ending three decades of allowing for-profit companies to operate prisons in that state.[86] In 2014, Idaho will be taking over the operation of the Idaho Correctional Center from the CCA, which has been the subject of a plethora of lawsuits alleging rampant violence, understaffing, gang activity and contract fraud. Idaho governor Butch Otter said "In recognition of what's happened, what's happening, it's necessary. It's the right thing to do. It's disappointing because I am a champion of privatization."[87]
In the final quarter of 2013, Scopia Capital Management, DSM North America, and Amica Mutual Insurance divested around $60 million from CCA and GEO Group.[88] In a Color of Change press release, DSM North America President Hugh Welsh said:
In accordance with the principles of the UN Global Compact, with respect to the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights, the pension fund has divested from the for-profit prison industry. Investment in private prisons and support for the industry is financially unsound, and divestment was the right thing to do for our clients, shareholders, and the country as a whole.[88]
Attempts to limit privatization and decrease oversight[edit]
Some U.S. states have imposed bans, population limits, and strict operational guidelines on private prisons:
- Banning privatization of state and local facilities—Illinois in 1990 (Private Correctional Facility Moratorium Act), and New York in 2000, enacted laws that ban the privatization of prisons, correctional facilities and any services related to their operation. Louisiana enacted a moratorium on private prisons in 2001.
- Banning speculative private prison construction—For-profit prison companies have built new prisons before they were awarded privatization contracts in order to lure state contract approval. In 2001, Wisconsin's joint budget committee recommended language to ban all future speculative prison construction in the state. Such anticipatory building dates back to at least 1997, when Corrections Corporation of America built a 2,000-bed facility in California at a cost of $80–100 million with no contract from the California Department of Corrections; a CCA official was quoted as saying, "If we build it, they will come".[89]
- Banning exportation and importation of prisoners—To ensure that the state retains control over the quality and security of correctional facilities, North Dakota passed a bill in 2001 that banned the export of Class A and AA felons outside the state. Similarly, Oregon allowed an existing exportation law to sunset in 2001, effectively banning the export of prisoners. Several states have considered banning the importation of prisoners to private facilities.
- Requiring standards comparable to state prisons—New Mexico enacted legislation that transfers supervision of private prisons to the state Secretary of Corrections, ensuring that private prisons meet the same standards as public facilities. In 2001, Nebraska legislation that requires private prisons to meet public prison standards was overwhelmingly approved by the legislature, but pocket-vetoed by the governor.[citation needed] Oklahoma passed a law in 2005 that requires private prisons to have emergency plans in place and mandates state notification of any safety incidents.
The Federal Bureau of Prisons announced its intent to end for-profit prison contracts.
- Terminating federal contracts. On August 18, 2016, Deputy U.S. Attorney General Sally Yates announced that the Justice Department intended to end its Bureau of Prisons contracts with for-profit prison operators, because it concluded "...the facilities are both less safe and less effective at providing correctional services..." than the Federal Bureau of Prisons. In response, Issa Arnita, the spokesperson for the third largest U.S. for-profit prison operator Management and Training Corporation, said it was "disappointed" to learn about the DOJ's decision. "If the DOJ's decision to end the use of contract prisons were based solely on declining inmate populations, there may be some justification, but to base this decision on cost, safety and security, and programming is wrong."[90] In a memorandum, Yates continued, for-profit "...prisons served an important role during a difficult period, but time has shown that they compare poorly to our own Bureau facilities. They simply do not provide the same level of correctional services, programs, and resources; they do not save substantially on costs; and as noted in a recent report by the Department's Office of Inspector General, they do not maintain the same level of safety and security. The rehabilitative services that the Bureau provides, such as educational programs and job training, have proved difficult to replicate and outsource and these services are essential to reducing recidivism and improving public safety. Also, the recidivism rates of the private prisons compared to the public prisons were virtually identical.[91][92] At the time, the Justice Department held 193,000 inmates, about 22,000 of whom were in 14 private prisons. Criminal justice reform had caused the prison population to drop by about 25,000 inmates over the previous few years. Separately the Department of Homeland Security intends to continue to hold some suspected illegal aliens in private prisons.[93]
Media coverage in the United States[edit]
- Kids for cash scandal was featured in Capitalism: A Love Story, the 2009 documentary by Michael Moore.[94]
- A full-length documentary covering the kids for cash scandal entitled Kids for Cash was released in February 2014.[95]
- 13th is an Oscar-nominated 2016 documentary that examines the role of private prison contracts in the mass incarceration of blacks and Latinos, primarily, in the United States. The name refers to the Thirteenth Amendment which abolished slavery, yet allows for involuntary servitude as a punishment for crime.
- Kids for Cash scandal has also led to several portrayals in fictional works. Both the Law & Order: SVU episode "Crush" and an episode of The Good Wife featured corrupt judges sending children to private detention centers. An episode of Cold Case titled "Jurisprudence" is loosely based on this event.[96][97][98]
- Season 3 of Orange Is the New Black portrays the transformation of the prison from federally owned to a for-profit.
There have only been two private detention facilities in Canada to date, and both reverted to government control.
The only private prison in Canada was the maximum-security Central North Correctional Centre, Penetanguishene, Ontario, operated by the U.S.-based Management and Training Corporation from its opening in 2001 through the end of its first contract period in 2006. The contract was held by the Ontario provincial Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services. A government comparison between the Central North "super-jail" and a nearly identical facility found that the publicly run prison had measurably better outcomes.[99]
Additionally the GEO Group built the New Brunswick Miramichi Youth Detention Center under contract with the provincial Department of Public Safety, then had its contract ended in the 1990s after public protests.[100]
As of mid-2012, private prison companies continued to lobby the Correctional Service of Canada for contract business.[101]
New Zealand[edit]
Initial Attempt[edit]
In 2004, the Israeli Knesset passed a law permitting the establishment of private prisons in Israel. The Israeli government's motivation was to save money by transferring prisoners to facilities managed by a private firm. The state would pay the franchisee $50 per day for each inmate, sparing itself the cost of building new prisons and expanding the staff of the Israel Prison Service. In 2005, the Human Rights Department of the Academic College of Law in Ramat Gan filed a petition to the Israeli Supreme Court challenging the law. The petition relied on two arguments. First, it said, transferring prison powers to private hands would violate the prisoners' fundamental human rights to liberty and dignity. Secondly, a private organization always aims to maximize profit, and would therefore seek to cut costs by, for instance, skimping on prison facilities and paying its guards poorly, thus further undermining the prisoners' rights. As the case awaited decision, the first prison was built by the concessionaire, Lev Leviev's Africa Israel Investments, a facility near Beersheba designed to accommodate 2,000 inmates.
Rejected by Israeli Supreme Court[edit]
In November 2009, an expanded panel of nine judges of the Israeli Supreme Court ruled that privately run prisons are unconstitutional, finding that for the State to transfer authority for managing the prison to a private contractor whose aim is monetary profit would severely violate the prisoners' basic human rights to dignity and freedom. Supreme Court President Dorit Beinisch, wrote that "Israel's basic legal principles hold that the right to use force in general, and the right to enforce criminal law by putting people behind bars in particular, is one of the most fundamental and one of the most invasive powers in the state's jurisdiction. Thus when the power to incarcerate is transferred to a private corporation whose purpose is making money, the act of depriving a person of [their] liberty loses much of its legitimacy. Because of this loss of legitimacy, the violation of the prisoner's right to liberty goes beyond the violation entailed in the incarceration itself."[102]
See also[edit]
- ^ Nehal, Panchamia (14 November 2012). "Competition in prisons" (PDF). Institute for Government. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
- ^ UK Parliament. Criminal Justice Act 1991 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
- ^ Hélène Mulholland. "Scottish Executive scraps private prison plan". the Guardian. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
- ^ "Prison minister calls for more money to build jails in England and Wales". the Guardian. 27 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ [1] Agreement for Services Commissioned from Public Sector Prisons in England From 2015
- ^ Crewe. B. et al (2011) 'Staff culture, use of authority and prisoner quality of life in public and private prisons' Aust and NZ Jo of Criminology, 44(1)
- ^ Eg National Audit Office (2003) 'The operational performance of PFI prisons'
- ^ Liebling. A. et al (2015) 'Birmingham prison: the transition from public to private sector and its impact on staff and prisoner quality of life - a three-year study' NOMS 2015
- ^ Le Vay, J. (2015)'Public or private: compeititon for prisons' Policy Press
- ^ Ashfield Young Offenders Institution restraint rates 'up nine-fold', BBC, 17 February 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
- ^ "G4S-run youth jail criticised over degrading treatment of dainees". The Guardian.com. 20 May 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
- ^ Inspection of Rainsbrook Secure Training Centre (PDF). London: Ofsted. 20 May 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
- ^ "Four sacked after Panorama investigation into G4S unit". BBC News. 12 January 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ "Panorama G4S young offenders centre probe: Four arrested". BBC News. 13 January 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ Hallison, Eric; Hattenstone, Simon (11 January 2016). "G4S guards at youth prison alleged to have falsified reports to avoid fines". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ Managers at G4S-run Medway youth jail paid bonuses despite failings, The Guardian, Eric Allison & Simon Hattenstone, October 21, 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ "G4S Medway unit: Security firm to sell children's services". BBC News. 26 February 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ Failing private prisons to be renationalized says Labour, The Guardian, Nicholas Watt, Jan 2, 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
- ^ Guilbaud, Fabrice. 2011. « La privatisation des prisons : entre marché et dogme sécuritaire », in G. Benguigui, F. Guilbaud, G. Malochet (sous la dir.), Prisons sous tensions, Nîmes, Champ social, p. 190-220 {{https://www.academia.edu/10863519/La_Privatisation_des_prisons_entre_march%C3%A9_et_dogme_s%C3%A9curitaire}}
- ^ Charles F. Campbell, The Intolerable Hulks (2001)
- ^ San Quentin, California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
- ^ Todd, W. (2005). "Convict Lease System". In The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
- ^ Zito, M. (December 2003). Prison Privatization: Past and Present. Retrieved October 1, 2006, from the International Foundation for Protection Officers Web site: http://www.ifpo.org/articlebank/prison_privatization.html Archived 2006-09-23 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b The Sentencing Project, "Prison Privatization and the Use of Incarceration" (2004)
- ^ Good Jobs First, " Jail Breaks: Economic Development Subsidies Given to Private Prisons", October 2001, p. 2.
- ^ Eric Bates, "Private Prisons," The Nation, Jan. 5, 1998, p. 13.
- ^ a b c [2] "U.S. Department of Justice: Prisoners in 2013"
- ^ [3] "Pew Research Center: U.S. private prison population has declined in recent years"
- ^ Jo Erickson (30 December 2013). "Private Prisons Pushing To Increase Profits". Mint Press News. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
- ^ a b Matt Taibbi (2014). The Divide: American Injustice in the Age of the Wealth Gap. Spiegel & Grau. ISBN 081299342X pp. 214-216.
- ^ John L. Campbell (2010). "Neoliberalism's penal and debtor states". Theoretical Criminology. 14 (1): 59–73. doi:10.1177/1362480609352783.
- ^ Chris Hedges (December 29, 2014). The Prison State of America. Truthdig. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
- ^ Hannah Gold (18 June 2014). 5 "Links Between Higher Education and the Prison Industry", Rolling Stone, Retrieved 13 July 2014.
- ^ George Joseph (June 27, 2015). The New Divestment Movement. Jacobin. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
- ^ The GEO Group, Inc. (2005). Retrieved October 2, 2006, from "Corporate"
- ^ Bishop, Greg (19 February 2013). "A Company That Runs Prisons Will Have Its Name on a Stadium". The New York Times.
- ^ Schmalleger, F., & Smykla, J. (2011,2007, 2005, 2002). Corrections in the 21st Century. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- ^ "Private Prisons, Public Pain". Fort Worth Weekly. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-23. Retrieved 2013-04-07. page 12
- ^ The Treatment Industrial Complex: How For-Profit Prison Corporations are Undermining Efforts to Treat and Rehabilitate Prisoners for Corporate Gain. American Friends Service Committee, November 2014.
- ^ Kay Whitlock and Nancy A. Heitzeg (February 24, 2015). "Bipartisan" Criminal Justice Reform: A Misguided Merger. Truthout. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
- ^ Sarah Stillman (June 23, 2014). Get Out of Jail, Inc. The New Yorker. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
- ^ Private federal prisons more dangerous, damning DoJ investigation reveals. The Guardian. August 12, 2016.
- ^ Justice Department Will Stop the Use of Private Prisons. Time. August 18, 2016.
- ^ The Fight Against the Private Prison Industry Was Just Dealt a Huge Blow. Mother Jones. October 19, 2016.
- ^ Private Prison Stocks Surge After Donald Trump Victory. The Huffington Post. November 9, 2016.
- ^ Prison stocks are flying on Trump victory. CNBC. November 11, 2016.
- ^ U.S. reverses Obama-era move to phase out private prisons. Reuters. Feb 23, 2017
- ^ D. M. Levine (August 18, 2010). "What's costlier than a government run prison? A private one". Fortune.
- ^ Dru Stevenson (10 November 2011). "A Corporate Perspective of Prison Privatization".
- ^ Shrull, Dale (August 2, 2010). "Escaped Arizona inmate nabbed in Rifle". Glenwood Springs Post Independent. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
- ^ Gardner, John (April 23, 2011). "Ariz. escapee sentenced to 60 years in prison". Glenwood Springs Post Independent. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
- ^ J. J. Hensely (18 March 2011). "Family of Couple Killed by Arizona Inmates Files Lawsuit Against State". AZCentral.com. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
- ^ "The Family of Gary and Linda Haas Filed a Lawsuit Today Against MTC, the State/ADC and Dominion Asset Services, LLC". PRWEB.
- ^ J. J. Hensley and Ginger Rough (January 30, 2011). "Kingman Prison Still Under Scrutiny". AzCentral.com.
- ^ "Pursuing Death Penalty is Big Waste of Resources", Albuquerque Journal, Barbara Mandel, 22 December 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
- ^ Richard A. Oppel, Jr. (May 18, 2011). "Private Prisons Found to Offer Little in Savings". New York Times.
- ^ Maahs, J.; Pratt, T. (1999). "Are Private Prisons More Cost-Effective Than Public Prisons? A Meta-Analysis of Evaluation Research Studies". Crime & Delinquency. 45 (3): 358–371. doi:10.1177/0011128799045003004.
- ^ Bureau of Justice Statistics, "Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2004", April 2005. http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=843[not in citation given]
- ^ Dennis Cunningham, "Projected FY 2000 Cost of DOC Operated Medium Security Beds Compared to Private Prison Contracts", 4th Annual Privatizing Correctional Facilities Conference, September 24, 1999.
- ^ Policy Matters Ohio, "Selective Celling: Inmate Population in Ohio's Private Prisons," May 2001.
- ^ Kevin Pranis, "Cost-Saving or Cost-Shifting—The Fiscal Impact of Prison Privatization in Arizona", Private Corrections Institute, Inc., February 2005.
- ^ Shapiro, David. "Banking on Bondage: Private Prisons and Mass Incarceration" (PDF). American Civil Liberties Union. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ^ Chang, Cindy (29 May 2012). "Louisiana is the world's prison capital". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
- ^ Marie Gottschalk. Caught: The Prison State and the Lockdown of American Politics. Princeton University Press, 2014. p. 70
- ^ Holland, Joshua (7 February 2014). "Higher Profits Explain Why There Are More People of Color in Private Prisons". Moyers & Company. Retrieved 7 February 2014.
- ^ James Austin and Garry Coventry, "Emerging Issues on Privatized Prisons", Bureau of Justice Assistance, February 2001.
- ^ Newkirk, M., & Selway, W. (2013, July 11). "Gangs Ruled Prison as For-Profit Model Put Blood on Floor", Bloomberg.com. Retrieved July 11, 2013, from
- ^ George Monbiot, The Guardian, 3 March 2009, "This revolting trade in human lives is an incentive to lock people up"
- ^ Pilkington, Ed (March 7, 2009). "Jailed for a MySpace parody, the student who exposed America's cash for kids scandal". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 22, 2010.
- ^ Whitehead, John (April 10, 2012). "Jailing Americans for Profit: The Rise of the Prison Industrial Complex". The Rutherford Institute. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
- ^ Eric Schlosser (December 1998). The Prison-Industrial Complex. The Atlantic. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ Ray Downs (May 17 2013). Who's Getting Rich Off the Prison-Industrial Complex? Vice. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ Selman, Donna and Paul Leighton (2010). Punishment for Sale: Private Prisons, Big Business, and the Incarceration Binge. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 1442201738 p. 78
- ^ Pat Beall (November 22, 2013). Big business, legislators pushed for stiff sentences. The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-07-14. Retrieved 2013-07-16.
- ^ Greenblatt, Alan (October 2003). "What Makes Alec Smart?". Governing.
- ^ Sullivan, Laura (2010). Prison Economics Help Drive Ariz. Immigration Law. National Public Radio.
- ^ Sullivan, Laura (2010). Shaping State Laws With Little Scrutiny. National Public Radio.
- ^ https://www.springfieldtraffictickets.com/PracticeAreas/Jessicas-Law.pdf
- ^ Donald Cohen (11 July 2013). COLUMN - Edward Snowden and the disaster of privatization. Reuters. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
- ^ CRIMINAL: How Lockup Quotas and "Low-Crime Taxes" Guarantee Profits for Private Prison Corporations Archived 2014-04-24 at the Wayback Machine.. In the Public Interest. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
- ^ Katy Hall and Jan Diehm (19 September 2013). One Disturbing Reason For Our Exploding Prison Population (INFOGRAPHIC). The Huffington Post Retrieved 20 September 2013.
- ^ Center for Policy Alternatives. (n.d.). Privatizing Prisons. Retrieved October 3, 2006, from the Center for Policy Alternatives Web site: http://www.stateaction.org/issues/issue.cfm/issue/PrivatizingPrisons.xml
- ^ "PCI Religious Statements". Retrieved 25 May 2016.
- ^ Brendan Fischer (28 June 2013). Pushback Against Privatization Across the Country. Commondreams. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
- ^ Rebecca Boone (3 January 2014). Idaho to Take Over Privately-Run State Prison. ABC News. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
- ^ a b Katie Rose Quandt (28 April 2014). Corporations Divest Nearly $60 Million From Private Prison Industry. Mother Jones. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
- ^ Gunnison, Robert B. (August 1, 1997). "Privately Run Prison Planned for Mojave: Firm Says It Can House Inmates Cheaper". San Francisco Chronicle: A22.
- ^ Justice Department says it will end use of private prisons, Washington Post, Matt Zapotosky & Chico Harlan, August 8, 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^ "Gale - Product Login". link.galegroup.com. Retrieved 2018-10-14.
- ^ Reducing Our Use of Private Prisons, United States Department of Justice, Sally Q. Yates, August 18, 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
- ^ Justice Department Will Phase Out Its Use Of Private Prisons
- ^ "The 'Kids for Cash' Scandal from Capitalism: A Love Story".
- ^ "Kids for Cash (2013)". IMDb. 1 August 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
- ^ Steve Laudig. "Ripped from the Headlines: Greed, Corruption, and Hate Crimes in Northeastern Pennsylvania". The Public Record. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
- ^ "TV Show Mirrors Area Legal Headlines". The Times Leader. 2009. Archived from the original on 2013-10-04. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
- ^ Michael R. Sisak (Staff Writer) (2009-12-17). "County judges provide TV fodder". Standard Speaker. Retrieved 2012-11-16.
- ^ "Ontario to Take Back Control of Private Super Jail". CBC News.
- ^ "Prison Privatization: Canada Mulls Contracting Services To Companies Lobbying For Correctional Work". The Huffington Post. 13 July 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
- ^ "Canada Studying Private Firms for Prisons as Budgets Fall". Bloomberg.
- ^ article from Haaretz newspaper
Further reading[edit]
- Austin, James, Ph.D.; Coventry, Garry, Ph.D. (February 2001). Emerging Issues on Privatized Prisons (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Assistance, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. OCLC 47042765. NCJ 181249.
- Chang, Tracy F. H.; Thompkins, Douglas E. (2002). "Corporations Go to Prisons: The Expansion of Corporate Power in the Correctional Industry". Labor Studies Journal. 27 (1): 45–69. doi:10.1177/0160449x0202700104.
- Harcourt, Bernard (2012). The Illusion of Free Markets: Punishment and the Myth of Natural Order. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674066162.
- Le Vay, Julian (2015). Competition for Prison: Public or Private?. Bristol, UK: Policy Press. ISBN 9781447313229. OCLC 982262933. Julian Le Vay is the former finance director of Her Majesty's Prison Service. The book is derived from all available analysis on costs of public and private prisons.
- Selman, Donna; Leighton, Paul (2010). Punishment for Sale: Private Prisons, Big Business, and the Incarceration Binge. Issues in Crime and Justice. Guilford, Conn.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781442201729. Punishment for Sale: Private Prisons, Big Business, and the Incarceration Binge at Google Books.
External links[edit]
- How private prisons game the system. Alternet at Salon. December 1, 2011.
- America's private prison system is a national disgrace. The Guardian. 13 June 2013
- The Business of Mass Incarceration. Chris Hedges, Truthdig. Jul 28, 2013.
- Prisoners of Profit: Private Prison Empire Rises Despite Startling Record Of Juvenile Abuse. Chris Kirkham, The Huffington Post. October 22, 2013
- Revolt at "Ritmo": Dire Conditions in For-Profit Texas Immigration Jail Spark Prisoner Uprising. Democracy Now! February 24, 2015.
- How for-profit prisons have become the biggest lobby no one is talking about. The Washington Post. April 28, 2015.
- Study finds private prisons keep inmates longer, without reducing future crime. University of Wisconsin–Madison News, June 10, 2015.
- We Must End For-Profit Prisons. Bernie Sanders for The Huffington Post. September 22, 2015.
- Private Prison Exec Waves Off Criminal Justice Reform, Predicts More Profits. The Intercept. December 22, 2015.
- "This Man Will Almost Certainly Die": The Secret Deaths of Dozens at Privatized Immigrant-Only Jails. Democracy Now! February 9, 2016.
- "My Four Months as a Private Prison Guard". Shane Bauer for Mother Jones, June 2016.
- Ending the Barbarity. Jacobin. August 24, 2016.
- Private prison stocks are soaring after Donald Trump's election. Business Insider. November 9, 2016.
- "Private Prisons: Who Profits?". Global Business. BBC World Service. 19 August 2017. Covers the current state of private prisons in the UK and the US.
- A Federal Judge Put Hundreds of Immigrants Behind Bars While Her Husband Invested in Private Prisons. Mother Jones, August 24, 2017.


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The Fed meeting had been tipped as one of the biggest hurdles the market was facing. As a result, price action was choppy at best heading into the Fed decision. Whilst naturally many would have expected the tapering decision to result in a fall in equities, it has not been the case, and it is important to understand why.
Firstly, the Fed reinforced its low Fed funds rate outlook with the key line being 'it likely will be appropriate to maintain the current target range for the federal funds rate well past the time that the unemployment rate declines below 6.5%'. With inflation remaining benign, the majority of Fed members expect the first rate hike in 2015. Secondly the tapering amount has been deemed by many analysts as a 'token taper' and essentially just allows the Fed to test the waters and assess conditions further. Thirdly, the taper has been on the back of rapidly improving conditions while the Fed reinforced that asset purchases are not on a pre-set course and will be adjusted accordingly. On this notion we can only assume that if conditions worsen, the situation will be adjusted accordingly. All things considered, a solid economic improvement for the US will help the global recovery along and ultimately company earnings along with equities.
Japan in focus as the Nikkei approaches 16,000
The resultant FX moves were dominated by US dollar strength which saw risk currencies mostly give up ground whilst USD/JPY rallied to its highest level since October 2008. USD/JPY traded through 104 today and this resulted in big gains for Japanese equities. The Nikkei is among the leaders in the region today and is fast approaching its May high of 15,943. When the Nikkei printed this high in May, USD/JPY traded at a high of 103.74. With that in mind, I wouldn't be surprised to see the Nikkei test 16,000 in the near term should USD/JPY remain this elevated. Tomorrow we have the BoJ making a policy statement and they mighty make a comment on the renewed yen weakness to the greenback and the country's economic progress. There has been plenty of talk around China's spiking interbank rates which have remained fairly elevated today. The PBoC has sat out of the market and is currently undergoing early stages of liberalisation of the markets. With that in mind then perhaps the current levels aren't too alarming and the PBoC could easily step in should the situation get out of hand. Markets in China are actually doing fairly well today but are underperforming the rest of the region.
Europe set to play catch-up
European markets are set to play catch-up to the rest of the world when they reopen today and get their first chance to react to the Fed decision. Most of the major bourses are pointing to gains of 1% plus at the open. There is no major data out of the Eurozone today, but it'll be interesting to see how the ECB manages the currency going forward. One currency that held its ground fairly well against the greenback was the pound, which remains just shy of 1.64. BoE MPC minutes continued to show optimism on the economy. Retail sales data due out of the UK later today is expected to show a 0.3% rise which is a marked improvement from the previous reading of -0.7%. This could see cable trade back above 1.64. In the US we have unemployment claims, existing home sales and the Philly fed manufacturing index out of the US. Any further signs of strength in the US economy will be positive for the greenback.
AUD weakness lifts the ASX 200
The ASX 200 has been led higher by the materials and energy names today as risk comes back to life. As a result, the market is experiencing a good reversal from the recent slump. The conclusion of the FOMC meeting, along with the weaker AUD, has been key for the gains today. The RBA would have also been cheering the move as AUD/USD dropped below August lows. This will certainly ease pressure on the central bank and government in the near term and they will be hoping to see further tapering in the New Year. Iron ore names have been a standout today, with solid gains for BHP, RIO, FMG and AGO. An increasing number of analysts are adding local iron ore names to their conviction buy lists.


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This dog sweater is a classy and cute wool roll-neck sweaters made from 100% pure wool to wrap your dog in stylish warmth during cold winter walks. The Organic Wool Cable Knit Dog Sweater features cable rib design and a cute matching scarf which adds a stylish accent to the look. Easy pullover style with ribbed cuffs and turtleneck collar provides a comfortable fit. I love this organic wool dog sweater!
Extremely soft and comfortable, this adorable dog kimono is made of certified 100% organic cotton. This stylish dog kimono is designed by a group of NY designers, and made with the finest certified Egyptian organic cotton. The dog kimono is dyed with low-impact metal free dyes which is environmentally friendly and safe to the skin. Your dog will love the comfort of this wonderful piece of dog clothing.
Superior construction and super-soft fabric make this Organic Bumper Dog Bed a great eco-friendly alternative to the average dog bed. The Organic Bumper Bed uses organic cotton with a long-lasting outer cover that your pet will love. It is stuffed full of soft, premium IntelliLoftTM stuffing, made from 100% recycled plastic bottles, that holds up to years of pawing, pacing, and being slept on. There might not be a better bed out there for your dog, or for the environment. Try it out with your allergy sensitive dogs too!
Dogs of all sizes will be thrilled when they get their eco-friendly Eco Bone. Strong fabric made up of 85% re-engineered recycled fibers surrounds a squeaker. The eco-friendly dog toy's two tone color palette has one side in brown and allows you to choose from bright colors of green, turquoise, orange or oatmeal on the other side. These new, green designed dog toys are made in Montana, USA.
Now the idea of going green has gone to the dogs. Pets can minimize negative impacts on the environment. Check out these Earth-friendly pet products.
Eco-Friendly Dog Beds: Worldwise's PoochPlanet and SmartyKat pet beds are made principally from recycled materials. The material that gives many PoochPlanet and SmartyKat beds their incredibly resilient and fluffy loft is EcoRest, a special fiberfill blend spun from post-consumer plastic beverage bottles. Many of the beds are filled with the equivalent of more than 50 recycled plastic bottles. Cover fabrics for many styles are also made with a blend of recycled materials. Worldwise, whose mission is to change the way America feels about the look, feel, price and performance of Earth-friendly products, has joined forces with national retailers to make the purchase of environmentally-friendly products a natural choice for the average American consumer.
Cat Toilet: The world's only self-flushing, self-washing cat box. The Cat Genie doesn't use traditional cat litter, which is strip mined, and doesn't leave you with litter to dispose of. Cat feces go in septic tank or sewage system, just like human waste. The product won best new cat product at the 2007 Global Pet Expo.
Doggie Septic Tank: Rather than disposing of pet waste in garbage, this picks up where your pet left off. You use a pet septic tank of sorts. The original in-ground pet waste disposal system keeps lawns and play areas clean and sanitary with the Doggie Dooley Toilet. Simply install in the ground; drop in dog waste; and occasionally add Digester Powder and water for continuous break down of waste. The environmentally-friendly Doggie Dooley Toilet is harmless to lawns, pets and shrubs, and has the capacity to handle the waste of one large or two small dogs. It works like a home septic system by using enzyme and bacteria action to turn waste into a ground absorbed liquid. It's ideal for most soil conditions except hard clay (works well in sandy soil too). It is molded of durable plastic, the Doggie Dooley Toilet features an open-bottom to create a waste leach field. Improperly disposed pet waste can wash into storm sewers by rain, thus carrying pollutants directly into our lakes and streams. Doggie Dooley offers an easy, sanitary method for yard cleanup.
Eco-Friendly Cat Litter: There are eco-friendly cat litters such as those made out of plant-based material such as corn, wheat, recycled newspapers or wood chips, which are friendlier on the environment than clay litter. Check out corn litter at www.gpcpet.com or green tea leaves/wood cat litter at www.nextgenpet.com.
Keep Pets Clean With Natural Pet-Care Products: Lather pets up with detergent, alcohol and pesticide-free grooming products and clean up their mess with products that are as gentle on Earth as they are on pets. These include hypoallergenic dog shampoo, stain and odor remover, dander remover, chew prevention aid, tearless puppy shampoo. Hartz Clean Earth line of products even includes biodegradable training pads (think biodegradable diapers).
Recyclable Or Sustainable Pet Toys: Toys made with organically grown cotton or natural dyes aren't only pesticide and chemical free, they also reduce pet allergies and are biodegradable. Find them at www.simplyfido.com There are great chew toys made from recycled rubber come from www.planetdog.com.
Cat Scratch Fever: As if there weren't enough things to admire about this product — toy, bed, exerciser and training tool all in one — the SuperScratcher serves the planet as well as it does cats and their owners. Made of nearly 100 percent recycled materials and certified organic catnip, it is long-lasting, safe and natural, and 100 percent recyclable.
Hemp Collars: Almost all pet collars are made of nylon, which is made from petroleum. Planet Dog's all-time best-selling collar is the Cozy Hemp Collar. Natural hemp gives strength and an attractive texture, and the fleece lining is cozy and soft. It's what you would wear if you were a dog. Hemp is one of nature's most durable fibers. It gets soft and stays strong, making it the perfect material for collars, leashes and harnesses. The Cozy Hemp Collars come in three sizes and three colors (green apple — great for St. Patrick's Day, purple and orange). Medium and large collars have a stainless steel side-release buckle, and small collars have plastic. The leash handle comes in one size and the same three colors, and it is fleece-lined for comfort.
Recycle a Pet: Adopt — don't buy — one of the millions of pets in shelters that would jump at the chance to get out of the cage at the shelter and under the covers in your home! Go to www.petfinder.com for more info.
[Source: abcnews.com]


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The Kickstarter Fight Over Genetically Modified Plants – TIME.
My 12 year old daughter agrees: People don't want T-shirts of glowing plants. They want glowing plants.
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"A fantastic piece of work." –Bill Gates
Selected as one of the top 25 powerful and influential books of 2012 that educate, inspire, and drive change.
"I've seen no better introduction to the ground truth of genetically engineered crops and the promising directions this 'appropriate technology' is heading."
–Stewart Brand, creator of the Whole Earth Catalog
"Tomorrow's Table brings a fresh approach to the debate over transgenic crops." –Michael Pollan, author of In Defense of Food and The Omnivore's Dilemma
"Welcome as water in the desert... Bravo, and bring on Volume II." –L. Val Giddings, President, PrometheusAB
"Highly recommended."
–Peter H. Raven, President, Missouri Botanical Garden
""This wildly eccentric book juxtaposes deep scientific analysis of genetically engineered agriculture with recipes for such homey kitchen staples as cornbread and chocolate chip cookies." —Mark Knoblauch, Booklist
"Ronald and Adamchak have inspired books by a varied clutch of professionals: an environmentalist, a historian and a journalist." —Paul Voosen, The New York Times
"We found the book insightful and well-documented."
—Organic Gardening Magazine
"Tomorrow's Table is not just another biology textbook posing as a general reader in a shallow attempt to garner extravagant royalty payments for their academic authors, but one of the best, most balanced accounts of transgenic agriculture that I have read." —Nature Biotechnology
"Ronald and Adamchak's clear, rational approach is refreshing, and the balance they present is sorely needed in our increasingly polarized world." —Science Magazine


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An easy to use online calculator that adds two complex numbers.
Let w and z be two complex numbers such that w = a + ib and z = A + iB. The addition of the two complex numbers w and z is defined as follows:
w + z = (a + b) + (A + B) i
How to use the calculator
1 - Enter the real and imaginary parts of two complex numbers z and w and press "enter".
Your browser is completely ignoring the <APPLET> tag!


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OPINION Column
What happened to the good old American Dream where an idea can become the seed of entrepreneurship and sprout a satisfying, productive lifestyle?
Ask Deborah Wiczek. The dream isn't dead, even though her "clients" are.
About 10 years ago Wiczek was trying to keep busy at her Winona home using her computer and expertise in drafting blueprints, house designs and landscaping plans. A friend who was researching family history asked her to help locate an old gravesite at a Winona cemetery.
Finding the grave was a monumental effort, so to speak. Records were maintained on "crummy little maps," filed in no apparent logical order. The sexton told her his maps were falling apart and she offered to help straighten out the mess.
From that bit of serendipity an enterprise was born. Operating with help from her husband, Wiczek's "Cemetery Updating Services" has mapped and recorded cemetery gravesites in Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, California, Utah, Florida, Vermont, Illinois, Tennessee, Oregon, South Dakota, Washington, New Hampshire, Arkansas, Pennsylvania, Texas and Idaho.
She charges per gravesite, whether empty or full, and when a cemetery board accepts her proposal she sifts through all existing records, turns them into an easy to use database, sorted alphabetically, chronologically or what ever order is desired. (Probably a list of all Norwegians could be accessed.)
Maps are drafted and everything is compiled in a book. She also puts the records and maps on a compact disc for off-premises safekeeping.
A second phase of the process is actually walking the grounds, taking measurements, checking gravestones and cross-checking names. Since the data is easy to enter, some cemetery managers do this phase themselves.
The final effort involves plowing through the minutiae of old records, checking for spelling, accuracy of records and depending on the desires of the cemetery board, adding biographical data such as nationality, military service history, marital status, church membership, etc.
Any where there are people there is a cemetery," says Wiczek. "and messy records are a chronic problem."
The problem, she says, is over the past 150 years typically 10 to 30 people have kept records for any given cemetery. And their attention to detail and record-keeping techniques vary widely. So, often only one or two people can provide necessary information.
"It's eye-crossing work, but it's not rocket science," Wiczek says. "You just need an eye for detail and an ability to work with dates and data."
But when it's complete, the information is accessible to everyone and adding data becomes a simple task.
Some potential customers reach Wiczek through word of mouth or references from satisfied clients. But, like many small businesses, solicitation and knock-on-the-door salesmanship works best.
One doesn't need the inventive genius of a Thomas Edison to turn an idea into the bright light of enterprise. It still has to do with recognizing the niche then carving it with dedication, ingenuity and work.
A few years ago when the Internet burgeoned so fast it jumped magnitudes past common understanding, some guy made a bunch of money with a book, "Internet for Dummies." Now there are "Dummies" and "Idiot" books for everything.
Maybe there's one called "Cemeteries for Dummies." But don't buy it. It's much easier to call Wiczek. She can be contacted at (507) 453-0811 or at her website at www.cemeteryrecordservices.com.
Or she might be on a search for her dream adventure: updating a really old cemetery in Scotland or Australia.
Please spend the time and check out our services.
You will be happy that you did.
Click here to CONTACT US
or you can get in touch with us by
telephone at (507) 453-0811.
We are looking forward to hearing from you!


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Undergraduate Theme Houses
Drew University houses four undergraduate unique and creative Theme Houses that embrace various cultures and characteristics. Please contact Coordinator of Residential Engagement Tashir Hampton at email@example.com or 973-408-3267, or the House Assistant of the specific house for information about the theme houses and the Theme House Application. To view the different theme houses and their descriptions please click below.


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Trying to find best Android tracking software may be tough, that's why we've gathered only top spy apps and trackers for
your Android phone in one place.
Compare table for choosing best Android spy app:
Mobile Spy
|OS Support
|Money Back
|24h Support
|Android (all devices), iOS (no jailbreak required), Mac OS, Windows
|10 days
|MSpy worked perfectly on every tested Android phone and tablet, on all Android versions higher than 4. ROOT isn't
|Android, iOS, BlackBerry
|Has great perfomance on most Android devices and versions. Several bugs were reported after using this app on latest
Nexus devices with Android 5.
|Symbian, Android, iOS, Blackberry, Windows Mobile
|SpyBubble is compatible with all Android versions, but works unstable on HTC One M8. According to the company, patch
will be released soon.
These cell phone spying software apps can help you keep a check over the actions of your spouse, teen, partner, or employee.
In other words, you can secretly view the activities of any person by using undetectable spy app on the Android device.
These invisible spying applications work perfectly on Android smartphones, as well as on iPhones. Almost each of them is
able to spy on SMS, IM texts, WhatsApp chats, Facebook, Viber, Snapchat, Skype, GPS location, call logs, Internet browsing
history, and much more. Android devices are extremely popular these days. They are very user-friendly that makes Android
the top choice for many people. Moreover, spyware apps able to spy on the Android mobile phones are also easy to use so that
the process of their installation as simple as 1-2-3.
Simple Android Installation
We hasten to assure that setting up the
best cell phone tracker apps is not really tough. You only have to know how to buy the subscription online and once it
is done, you will get an ID and respective password. Just download the spying application on the Android device you want
to track and start monitoring immediately. Thus, there is no need to check the target mobile phone by picking it up again
and again and, what's more, these top spyware apps cannot be detected by any messages or popup windows, which is useful if
the smartphone is lost or stolen. However, it is still mandatory to get physical access to the cell phone in order to set
up the spy software app. After adjusting the application, you will get access to the hacked data of your kid, boyfriend,
girlfriend, husband, or wife through your own control panel.
Android Tracking Applications 2018 – Fast reviews
mSpy app is rewarded as the top mobile spyware solution that offers all premium features, including tracking of Facebook
chats, Viber, Skype and WhatsApp texts, GPS location, SMS, Snapchat history, etc.
mSpy tracker is used by many people because of its user-friendliness. The cost is not too low, but the services offered
are the best in their category. Besides, Android monitoring is done on different platforms. You can rely on the mSpy app
as it can help you spy on the secrets of your children and employees with ease.
FlexiSpy tracker gives you full access to any Android or iPhone mobile phone without missing out anything. This software
has everything you need to spy on the target cell phone, and you get the complete information through the control panel provided
by this company. If your partner is cheating on you or your kids are going on the wrong track, Flexispy software will help
you get all the necessary data, so you'll know exactly how to act.
This mobile phone spy app is also designed to track the activity that takes place on the Android device. It doesn't provide
too many top features, but the best ones are included in its servicing package. SpyBubble tracker actually offers competitively
priced packages and gives you good spying results. You can rely on this spy app for your basic tracking needs.
SpyEra cell phone application is very useful indeed. People predominantly choose it due to its well-established presence
on the Android spyware market. It works well and gives the top information in an organized way. SpyEra has competitive prices
and can offer you one of the best spying solutions.
iSpyoo spying application supports a wide array of top Android cell phones. You can get all hidden information online and
access it wherever and whenever you want. Apart from downloading it on the target mobile phone, you can check out various
options for other devices. It is an appropriate spy tracker solution for your cell phone tracking needs. If your phone gets
stolen or lost, you will be able to get all of the data from it, as well as its current location, at any time.
This is truly an amazing Android spyware app with the top features covered in different packages. You can use it for both,
personal and professional monitoring. However, if you are a business owner, you first need to tell your employer that you
are going to spy on them. In case of personal spying, it is not mandatory and may be done in a stealth mode.
Highster mobile
Highster mobile phone monitoring software is installed on the Android within two minutes and doesn't show any messages or
popups after that. There are many adjustments designed for the ease of subscribers, and the Android spying process will immediately
begin after the installation of this software is complete.
MobileSpy tracker consists of all of the standard and most important undetectable spy features. Compared to other Android
applications, it has fewer functions, but it gives the perfect results for basic spying necessities. The price is competitive
so that it is an excellent app for people looking for essential features.
This app lets you spy on your children or spouse without letting them know about it. The Mobistealth spyware provides all
of the main features, including email tracking. This Android software app actually gives everything except for the ability
to track some of the most popular instant messengers.
This Android cell phone app has a good reputation on the spyware market and gives accurate details on the activities taking
place on the tracking mobile phone. Besides, you will be able to track all operating systems, and it enables spying on almost
all Android devices. It's up to you what Android cell phone spying solution to choose. However, if you want to get the best
tracker that is guaranteed to suit all your needs, you can do it just within a few clicks!


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Kathryn Gaitens
GOOD EGG 267 Augusta, 416-593-4663, goodegg.ca
Kensington Market's go-to kitchen gear spot also stocks some great options for students who aren't planning on consuming a steady diet of mac 'n' cheese and Mr. Noodles through the fall term. Check out the colourful selection of lunch containers and utensils, plus lots of great cutting boards, pots, skillets and enamelware in single-serving up to family-dinner sizes.
For first-years, owner Mika Bareket recommends Arthur Potts Dawson's Eat Your Vegetables from her cookbook stacks. It's packed with easy vegetarian and meat-eater recipes using affordable ingredients.
Good Egg picks: Skin even the most delicate veggies with a wide Swissmar peeler, $5; Ironwood's cutting board works as well for chopping as for serving up a baguette and Brie spread, $25; Lodge's cast iron skillet set will last long past graduation, $90.
Hours: Daily 11 am to 6 pm.
Ecoexistence (766 St. Clair West, 416-652-0808, ecoexistence.ca)
The Futon Store (442 Bloor West, 416-533-4940, thefutonstore.net)
Honest Ed's (581 Bloor West, 416-537-1574)
Ikea (1475 Queensway, 416-646-4532, and other, ikea.ca)
Leon's (255 Bremner, 416-642-0630, and others, leons.ca)
Neat (628 Queen West, 416-368-6328, neatspace.ca)
Shelter (885 Caledonia, 416-783-3333, shelterfurniture.ca)
Solutions (2329 Yonge, 647-430-8749, solutions-stores.ca)
Tap Phong Trading Co. (360 Spadina, 416-977-6364)
Umbra (165 John, 416-599-0088, umbra.com)
Urban Outfitters (235 Yonge, 416-482-8220, and others, urbanoutfitters.com)


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Better manage globalization, vehicle connectivity, and supply chain optimization
As global shifts and complexity increase costs across the automotive supply chain, leading companies find they need to automate and collaborate, resulting in a realignment, consolidation, and further optimization of their supply chain activities.
Check out the Aberdeen Group research report, "The Evolution of the Supply Chain—Spotlight on the Automotive Industry," for a comprehensive look at the state of the automotive supply chain today. This report, based on survey results from 98 automotive companies, discusses:
- Four key metrics that define automation leaders in the automotive supply chain
- The top priorities, pressures, and trends facing the automotive industry
- Recommendations for how to achieve the results you want with today's evolving supply chain
Download the report now to learn more.


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Need more Super-Fly in your life? That one visit a week/every other week/every month not enough for you? Live to far away for the real Super-Fly experience? Have no fear! Super-Fly Comics & Games has joined forces and begun podcasting with the good people at Panels on Pages.com, becoming part of their PoP-Cast network on iTunes. Recorded weekly on Monday evenings from the bowls of Super-Fly World Headquarters, the show is rendered in a very complicated process (involving robots) and then made available to you through the magic of the internet on Tuesday evenings. Each show is about an hour, and we will warn you that content may or may not be appropriate for all ages (although we attempt to keep it PG-13).
You can follow the show on the Panels on Pages website through the banner below…
Or you can subscribe to the Panels on Pages feed and/or listen to individual episodes here on iTunes through this banner. Look for the "PCN – Super-Fly" episode names (but feel free to check out the other PCN shows and the main weekly PoP Cast as well).
If you've got a question you'd like answered or have a comment about a recent episode, you can email us at superflycomics at gmail dot com. We look forward to hearing from you!
Ads by Google:


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Wildhaus Schafberg by Daniel Kazor
Palm Jumeirah, Dubai by Alexander Heilner
Window of the soul by terry morris
Ice temple by Jose Antonio Rosas
Penguins on ice by Jose Antonio Rosas
April Snow in Red Square by Joel Aron
Bear regards art in the Small Sculpture Garden by Richelle Forsey
nobody's watching. by Micah Escamilla
Nicaragua Barrio by Billy Howard
Nebraska Cityscape (Sidney) by Michael Ellis
Ode to O. by Jessica Martinez
drawing in the sky of Rome by dario sartini
!/! Jonathan Moyer's favorites:
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Charlotte Dellal's New Red-Hot Hair Color: Taking the Ginger Plunge
Five minutes with the British accessories designer Charlotte Dellal is all it takes to understand that she is a fearless hair adventurer. "I've been blonde, brunette, and auburn," she says on a recent Wednesday afternoon, rattling off the list as she settles into a sleek leather chair at London's Daniel Hersheson salon in preparation for the day's main event: dying her blonde tresses an effervescent, Rita Hayworth red. "I'm never nervous," she adds brightly. "My attitude is always, 'Do it!'"
Vibrant shades of Titian, russet, cardinal, and copper have been a ubiquitous presence as of late—used to bold effect on model Natalie Westling in the Marc Jacobs spring campaign and looking preternaturally fresh on silver-screen ingénues Jessica Chastain and Emma Stone. According to Dellal, however, her decision to go red isn't a fashion whim, but rather a return to an earlier incarnation.
She first tried out the hair color, in a rich, russet hue, a few years back and calls the experience transformational. "That's when I first started defining my look; I had never worn red lipstick before, or set my hair in curls," she says of the impetus behind her now signature style—which combines pressed waves, painted lips, and the same old Hollywood mystique that manifests itself in, say, a pair of towering platforms or a perfume bottle-shaped Perspex clutch for her witty-and-winning accessories label, Charlotte Olympia.
Although Dellal has been a golden blonde for the past few years, she missed the daring appeal of a flame-colored mane. Red, after all, is not a color for wallflowers or those who wish to pass through life unnoticed. Red is an exclamation point. It's hair with the volume turned up. "I think of red hair and I think of old school glamour," says Dellal, who has long wanted to try out an "artificial, cartoon red that evokes Rita Hayworth, my favorite actress."
She's entrusted the job to Sibi Bolan, head colorist at the salon and the woman responsible for previously converting the naturally brunette Dellal into a blonde reminiscent of a Raymond Chandler femme fatale. The pair has a close, collaborative relationship and when Dellal started thinking about returning to red, she began gathering color references for Bolan. "I saw a woman in the street in Miami," says Dellal, "She had the exact shade of red hair I was looking for, so I stopped her and asked if I could film her hair, and then sent the video to Sibi."
After a bit of back and forth banter at Hershesons, they set to work. The whole process takes less than an hour. First, Bolan washes Dellal's hair, towel dries it, applies a primer to give the color a base, and then massages the color rinse into her hair with her hands, like shampoo. "The dye has mango oil in it, so it really nourishes the hair and makes it shiny," says Bolan. Then Dellal is placed under a suitably retro hood dryer for about twenty minutes. As she emerges, she gives her new, strawberry hair an appraisal in the mirror. "I love it."
The Rita, as her new color is called, is part of a new range of wash-in-wash-out rinses Bolan has created for the salon. "Think of it as a contemporary take on the old-fashioned rinse dye your granny would have had," she says. (Other shades in the collection have similarly evocative names, like the Audrey or the Lauren for brunettes, and the Kim or the Grace for blondes.) "It's high impact, low commitment color. I chose the Rita because I knew she was Charlotte's icon. It's an artificial, intense, bright red, like the hair color painted on the movie posters for Gilda," Bolan explains of the temporary dye (which will continue to fade every time Dellal washes her hair until she's left with her original blonde).
With her hair color finished, Dellal is whisked into another chair, where her hair is blow-dried into sculpted, "hurricane proof" waves by her regular stylist, Jon Hilliard. Already, the hue is altering her ideas about fashion. "I think being a redhead, you naturally wear more color. Peach tones look great with red hair, and yellow. I just ordered a leopard-print dress from Wheels & Dollbaby that I think will be perfect with this hair. You have to dress up when you're a redhead. You feel like you're playing a part. If you're going to be noticed, make it look good!" Lipstick is another essential component. "I couldn't have this hair without red lipstick and red nails." (Her half-moon manicure, in First Dance by Essie, is her own work: "I can even do it in the back of a cab.")
The real test comes that evening at a party, where friends are effusive about the new shade. "It's fantastic," says one, "the opposite of 'boring' hair." As Dellal puts it, "It really is that 'wow' red—major impact with minimal effort." Next time, she says enthusiastically, "I might go even brighter."