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Welcome Home
Hey Saints!
First off I'd like to say welcome home, and welcome to Felix's mind. Something that can be so sophisticated not even Felix himself understands it half the time. HA!
I literally cannot find the words to express how great it feels to be back,
and how much every one of you Saints has already made this an unforgettable experience much greater than any other. So thank you!
The very best part about this all is how much we have in store for you! I will leave the anticipation and agony we all went through not letting any of it slip, and keeping this all silent for another blog post.
So I'm raising this (rum and coke obviously) in thanks to all you Saints for the love and dedication you've shown. Here's to the many adventures to come and whats definitely going to be one hell of a ride!
So buckle in and hold the fuck on.
~Felix Foxtail~
The Mystical


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Tiber river and trade
The city of Rome itself has tremendous environmental advantages, which made it easier for Rome to become an important city. Rome is located at the first place that people can easily cross the Tiber river, so it is the natural location of the main north-south road in Italy.
The reason you can cross the Tiber at Rome is that there is an island in the river there (this is the same as at Paris, and many other cities). Probably the first Romans made a lot of profit from charging people to let them use the island to cross the river – charging tolls.
Salt flats near the city of Rome
There are also big salt flats near the city. Because salt was so valuable in the ancient world for preserving meat and fish, selling the salt made Romans rich. Also the riverboats going up and down the Tiber, from east to west and back again, could stop at Rome. So right from the beginning, the ancient Roman environment helped the Romans get rich.
Roman empire's many climate zones
As the Romans expanded their empire, they encountered many different climate zones. There were deserts, mountains, wetlands, forests, and everything else.
The great variety of environments helped the Romans get lots of different food and materials. They could get tin from England, and wood from Germany, and cotton from Egypt, and silver from Spain.
The Romans also had the advantage of a good climate. During most of the time of the Roman Empire, Europe and the Mediterranean were unusually warm, about as warm as they are right now. That weather seems to have been good for Roman farming. The Romans brought Mediterranean crops like wine grapes and olives much further north than they normally grew.
Climate change and the fall of Rome
But during the 200s AD, the weather got cooler. The cooler weather forced wine and olive growers to move south. It may even have made it harder to grow wheat and barley. The cooler weather made it harder to heat houses in the north.
This may have helped cause problems for the Romans. The cold weather may have encouraged the Germans and the Sassanians to invade the Roman Empire. It may have encouraged many people to revolt inside the Empire as well.
The fall of Rome in the 400s AD may also be related to this cooler climate, which lasted into the Early Middle Ages, until the 600s AD.
Did you find out what you needed about Rome's geography and the Roman climate? Let us know in the comments!

subset: commoncrawl


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11 Upper Gardiner Street, Dublin 1
Harveys Guesthouse is owned and operated by the Flood family. The house is renowned for its friendly atmosphere, quality service and comfortable rooms, and famously delicious breakfast.The rooms are very comfortable, with television, phone, and piping hot water for the large bathtubs. The beds are very comfortable and cozy. The house is equipped with WiFi internet access. Each room is ensuite. The décor has been chosen to be both comfortable and warm. The house has been designed to celebrate Dublin's rich literary history. Every where you go you will be reminded of Irish poets, writers and playwrights. Rooms are dedicated to famous writers with paintings, pictures and poems displayed throughout.Dublin's literary history is a treasure indeed, for centuries the city has been home to some of the most imaginative literary minds. Harveys Guesthouse have chosen to design the house with this in mind. Every room is named after a character and every hallway has a story to tell. Let your eye wonder and it will surely fall upon a line of prose, a romantic sonnet or some other literary treasure.The guest house was built in 1787, by Lord Mount Gardiner. He was responsible for developing most of the Georgian houses built in the area. The house served as a tenement building for many years, and was considered to be located in an "undesirable" part of Dublin. But now Dublin has grown prosperous and the locality is considered to be in a charming quarter of Dublin. Some time in the mid 1800's the house became a guest house. Little is know of the history of this time but it suffices to say that over the course of 225 years it has been a meeting place for people all over the world. Today, as in the past, the guest house welcomes guests from all over the world, from Auckland to Alberta, Bonn to Beijing, Manchester, Milan, Sienna and many more.People come to Dublin for many reasons, to experience the atmosphere of the pubs or to walk down Grafton Street, to tour the ancient sites around Dublin such as New Grange or Glendalough. Usually though the most memorable impression people have when they think of their time spent in Dublin is its greatest treasure of all, its people, friendly, talkative and full of enthusiasm. At Harvey's Guesthouse they try to make every guest feel like family.


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Logo Design Essentials | Key Features of a Great Logo Design
Logo Design Essentials | Logos are the cornerstone of a business's brand appearance and can tell you a lot about the business itself. The quality of a logo can tell the customer how much their image (and customer judgment) really means to that business. A logo is considered as the forefront representative for a business. It provides the business with an image and it should be able to express the message unmistakably. Having just any logo, however, is not sufficient to create a brand identity for you. A well-designed logo can contribute to business accomplishment, while an insufficient logo can suggest unprofessionalism and turn off potential clients. But, what qualities make a logo great? How can you tell if a logo is truly efficient or not? A great logo makes a business memorable, first of all. It precisely expresses the business's identity. A great logo will be eye-catching, but will also have a functional purpose to a business as well. Simply put, a great logo is a lot more than art.
Logo Design Essentials | Website Design – www.medianovak.com
Simplicity | Logo Design Essentials
Your logo can have some extravagant features but it should be simple enough to make a quick statement. A complex logo will not only make your logo difficult to reproduce and maintain, but you will also fail to engage your audience. The vast majority of logo designs that are both simple and effective are backed by many hours of research and unused concepts that never made the cut. It is typically the result of an extensive and thorough logo design process. But even simplicity takes skill and occasionally even more skill than a complex logo.
RELATED: Logo Design Font Selection | Selecting the Right Font for your Logo Design
Your Brand | Logo Design Essentials
Your brand resides in your customer's mind as an outcome of all the impressions made by encounters with your name, your logo, your marketing messages, and everything else that people see and hear about your business. When deciding on a logo design, think about your brand first. No logo, however well designed, can look good when encircled by opposing graphical elements or inconsistent fonts. This is why a logo is the central unit of a larger brand identity that includes company fonts, colors and document-design guidelines. If the logo is well designed, it will create the right image among the target clients which a business always wishes to have.
Appropriate Fonts | Logo Design Essentials
When it comes to logo design, your font should be unique. There are no solid and fast directions to help you determine which font you should land on for your logo. And due to the fact that we are poured with thousands of free fronts on the Internet, determining the ideal font to use can be a challenging task. When choosing a logo font you have to be mindful of the space between the characters (the kerning). Too much can make the logo seem airy and disorganized, while too little can make it seem overcrowded and uncomfortable.
Versatility | Logo Design Essentials
A modern logo can also be used in print, in a very high-resolution, on a website, on business cards, and even on clothing. A solution for this is to create a logo that is very simple or versatile. If a logo has a simple solid design, it can be easily recognized at all dimensions. From a thumbnail icon on Twitter, to a large format printed banner, the logo should be correspondingly effective across all potential applications. A very good example is the logo of 'Nike' which is only a small black swoosh and it looks equal on all means of media.
RELATED: Logo Design Importance | Why is Good Logo Design Essential for Small Businesses?
Originality | Logo Design Essentials
When considering logo design, it's important to keep it unique. Copying someone else's brand is a sure-fire way to guarantee that your logo will join the unidentified masses. In other words always look to develop something unique that has a logical and emotive link to your business. Without an original logo design, you may find potential customers and clients have a hard time recognizing your brand, confuse you with another business and, most importantly, end up going with a competitor rather than choosing your products or services. The last thing you want from a business logo is to have it mistaken for that of a competitor.
Logo Design Essentials | Website Design – www.medianovak.com
Designing a logo for your business involves more than just creative graphic design. Ideally, your business logo enhances prospective customers and partners' fundamental first impression of your business and studies have shown that people identify and relate to images a lot faster than text. In today's realm of multimedia, this rings more true than ever.


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Contribute Funds
LEIMAY is a 501 (c)(3) non-profit organization, thus your donation is tax deductible to the fullest extent allowed by the law. Make a secure online donation here. You may also send us a check payable to: CAVE Organization, Inc. 58 Grand Street | Brooklyn, NY 11249. You can give online or by post, you can select the specific fund that you would like to support: 1)LEIMAY Programs at CAVE Fund, 2) LEIMAY Works Patron Circle. Click on each of the funds names to learn about the levels of engagement. If your donation is not specified, we will treat your donation as "general donation". Thus, we will split your donation according to our discretion into our projects (both programs and artistic works), as well as into our general operating needs. If you have any question please contact Georgia Johnson at firstname.lastname@example.com
Contribute Time | Volunteer
LEIMAY is a community based organization, ninety percent of the human force necessary to produce LEIMAY's programs is provided by a dedicated pool of volunteers and fellow artists . We are always in need of help! If interested, please e-mail Theresa at firstname.lastname@example.com and join our conectom volunteer group. Other ways to help LEIMAY are: - Help us spread the word. Let us send you a stack of brochures to hand out to potential students and/or talk us up to other potential donors; - Picking up artists at airports with car; - Help us find to find Accommodation for visiting performers - Help us to get food, drink and water for LEIMAY receptions at CAVE; or give your time for helping plan benefits, making calls, mailing, working a show, or pro bono work in your area of expertise.
Contribute Goods
We are happy to accept in-kind contributions. Our space is currently looking for: printing services, travel miles, retreat house, dance studio, light board, lighting instruments, sound system, speakers, microphones as well as skylights, office supplies, book keeping and legal services and much more. If you have questions about donating goods, services or supplies, please contact Georgia Johnson at email@example.com.


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Nashville heads into the sunny skies of Anaheim tonight to face off against the Anaheim Ducks in the third game of their season long 7-game road trip.
The Predators dropped their previous outing to the St. Louis Blues in a disappointing 3-0 decision which saw Nashville only record an abysmal 14 shots on net against a stifling Blues defense with newly acquired veteran Wade Redden.
Nashville will head into this contest winners of the past 6 regular season games against Anaheim, having not lost a regular season game in Anaheim since November 7th, 2010. From the 2008-2009 season on, the Predators have gone 11-3-2 against the Ducks, including knocking them out in the first round in 2011 4 games to 2.
Looking at the Predators/Anaheim matchup historically…
Most goals forced by Nashville: 5 (happened twice, last on 3/24/11: a 5-4 win)
Most goals allowed by Nsahville: 5 (happened once, last on 4/7/00: a 5-1 loss)
Last Five/Ten Games of the Series for Nashville: 5-0-0 / 8-2-0
On March 18th, 2012… Nashville scored three third-period goals to complete its first season sweep of Anaheim at the Honda Center
On November 9th, 2011… Craig Smith notched his first career two-goal game and Martin Erat scored a shorthanded penalty shot in a 4-2 win at the Honda Center.
Hornqvist led all scoring last season against Anaheim with 2 goals and 3 assists (5 points).
Nashville's powerplay went 3-17 (17.6%) and an amazing 9-9 on the penalty kill last season against the Ducks.
Martel's Musings…
1) Nashville HAS to come out with a strong start. Force action in the Anaheim zone, put shots on net, score a goal (or two) early. Vancouver walloped Anaheim 5-0 last night and you know they will not be happy campers coming out onto the ice tonight.
2) The Predators lines are going to be shuffled for tonight's contest…but to what extent? I figure all four lines are going to be adjusted and adjusted heavily, hopefully it will pay dividends and get Nashville back on the winning track.
3) Anaheim and Nashville don't like each other. The Predators gained their first playoff series victory against the Ducks and have won 8 of the past 10 against them as well. Every game in the past ten has been increasingly chippy and after the way last night's trouncing from the Canucks ended, Anaheim won't respond well to getting blasted by the Predators.
4) Nashville's issues haven't been goaltending so far in this early season, it's been more of a discombobulation of all sorts in the players and how they are responding to the early pressure of a shortened season. The Predators drop the first two in a shootout, beat the Wild, and lose to the Blues. Nashville has to produce as MANY wins as they can during this road trip (as many points as well).
5) A thought…if Nashville has trouble finishing out this road trip (Phoenix, LA, San Jose, and another St. Louis game still left), they are going to seriously find themselves in danger early in this season
Nashville NEEDS the win against Anaheim tonight, just as much as Anaheim NEEDS the win as well.
Who wants it more? We'll find out very soon…


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Burnsville, MN Flute Lessons
Looking for private in-home or in-studio Flute lessons? Our Burnsville teachers are ready to get you started. Find your teacher today!
Our online tools make booking, managing your schedule and paying for lessons easy and hassle-free.
Easily search and compare teachers in your area, including past student reviews and background checks.
If you're not completely satisfied, we'll help you find a new teacher or refund any unused lesson credits.
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Popular Flute Teachers near Burnsville, MN
Check out some of our most popular teachers near Burnsville, MN including Minneapolis, Saint Paul, Eden Prairie, Hopkins and Maple Grove.
About Amy W.Close
Flute (and piano) are my main instruments. I have considerable experience playing them and teaching them to all levels and ages of students. I have performed on these instruments in various settings.
About Amy
I love music of all kinds and have a strong belief that everyone should experience the joy and power of it in his or her life. It is very rewarding for me to help students develop their skills as they discover a meaningful way of self-expression using a universal language. Teaching music is something I love to do and I know that fact reflects to my students resulting in an enjoyable experience for them as well.
*** Lesson Details ***
What can a student/parent expect from lessons with me? I can provide my students with a solid foundation of proper technique. This is so very important because you do not ever want to have to unlearn bad habits. I also include appropriate music theory, ear training and improvising for each level. I purposefully pace the lessons to prevent students from feeling frustrated. Instead, I work to generate excitement about the learning process and keep students motivated by their own progress. Furthermore, I am willing to accommodate a student if they have a special interest in a certain musical genre or a personal goal they are working towards. I encourage, but do not require students to take advantage of recital and performance opportunities that I provide.
*** Studio Equipment ***
Large music room: piano, electric keyboard, flute, clarinet, trumpet, music stands.
*** Specialties ***
I have a lot of experience teaching students who are brand new to their instrument. I believe the beginning is a very important time to start building a solid foundation for all future musical growth. I love being able to help my students establish good habits from the beginning and influence the overall direction of a new studentâs musical experience.
I love music of all kinds and have fun playing and teaching all the instruments that I listed. However, the two instruments that I have the most training on and have performed on are the piano and the flute. I would be a great teacher for private lessons to help a student excel in band at school or for a high school student preparing for contests or auditions. Also, I am very patient with beginners and would be ideal as a child's first piano teacher or for an adult who has always wanted to play a certain instrument of his or her choice.
· Clarinet · In studio
· Flute · In studio
· Flute · In studio
Amy W.
Amy W.
About Thomas C.Close
I have been a band director for 20 years and currently still teach flute lessons in the schools
About Tom
*** Lesson Details ***
The focus of music lessons is to overcome problems and increase skill and enjoyment in performance. I always want to focus on what was done well and carefully work on skills that will increase enjoyment. I will play with you to model and help you self correct as you learn musical concepts and musicianship. We will use method books for fundamentals and supplement with music that interest the students. After a time students will learn skills needed to perf
*** Studio Equipment ***
Most instruments
*** Travel Equipment ***
I expect the student to provide an instrument, method book, stand and supplies for that instrument. I will bring an instrument to play along and model.
*** Specialties ***
Kodaly and Orff methods
· Piano · In home
· Singing · In studio
· Saxophone · In studio
Thomas C.
Thomas C.
About Kristin M.Close
View Full Profile
We will work from the bottom up, starting with proper breathing and warm up exercises.
Scale work and technical drills are made fun through games and other means to keep things interesting :)
Repertoire work will be chosen according to experience level after basic assessment, we can work together to find something you enjoy playing.
Basic theory and music history will be addressed naturally as we work through new pieces!
I am more than happy to work on any other music you are currently playing for school or other ensembles.
Let's have fun and work hard!
About Kristin
I received a Bachelor's in Music Education and Performance from Drake University in Flute and Piano. Currently pursuing a Master's in Music Therapy.
At Drake, I received a musical scholarship covering 80% of my tuition costs.
I was also honored to sit as Principal Flute in both the Drake Symphony Orchestra and the Drake Wind Symphony, the top performing groups at the University.
I started to play the flute and piano in second grade, and
my love and passion for music have only grown and matured since then.
I enjoy sharing what I've learned, and learning from my students as well.
I am excited and thrilled by the opportunity to work with you!
· Piano · In studio
· Piano · In home
· Piano · In home
Kristin M.
Kristin M.
About Joshua W.Close
My lessons focus on developing a beautiful centered tone, accurate intonation, strong vibrato, and a complete understanding of the musical phrase. I have been teaching flute privately for four years and have worked with beginners to professionals. Each individual has different needs and I tailor lessons to teach students with the methods that work best for them.
About Joshua
Joshua graduated Magna Cum Laude from St. Olaf College with a Bachelor's of Music in Flute Performance. Since graduation, Joshua has performed as a freelance artist in the Greater Twin Cities Area. He has performed with the new music ensembles International Contemporary Ensemble (ICE), Zeitgeist, Renegade Ensemble, Spitting Image Collective, Contemporary Undercurrent of Songs Project, and Improvestra. He is a member of the Grand Symphonic Winds and performs as a substitute regularly with Encore Wind Ensemble, Duluth Superior Symphony, and the LaCrosse Symphony.
Joshua s
· Flute · In home
· Flute · In home
Joshua W.
Joshua W.
About Carey M.Close
View Full Profile
I have taught flute privately for over 8 years. I believe that lessons should be fun and informative. I also believe in hard work and collaboration. I expect students to be prepared for each lesson with all necessary materials and eager to learn new material each week. As I mentioned earlier, I believe lessons should be collaborative meaning that the student and I will decide together what materials are best suited for their goals and needs.
About Carey
· Flute · In home
Carey M.
Carey M.
About Abby V.Close
At age 12, I wanted to play piccolo in a marching band. though I was soon to be inspired by the amazing young musicians of the Seattle Youth Symphony and camp Orchestras under Maestro Vilem Sokol. Then thrilled to join them after having the good fortune of training with the then Seattle Symphony flute/piccolo players- Sidney and Adele Zeitlin, I began as a classical flute and voice major at WWSU in Bellingham.
My growing attraction to theater, then jazz, led me to Seattle UW San Francisco S U drama departments, while studying and playing every improvisational style of music from Brazilian to free form and pop/rock with many artists such as Paul Horn, Bobby McFerrin, Mark Murphy, Chuck Sher (Sher Music publisher), touring with renowned bebop vocalist, Jon Hendricks from the west coast to NYC,
Since then, I have performed voice, flute, and picollo in my own and others' numerous classical, jazz, pop, and theater ensembles, for over 45 years, teaching flute and voice since age 17 at
About Abby
Due to my maternal grandfather's career as a Chicago vaudeville orchestra leader, from early childhood, the performing arts have been in my blood. Starting to study classical flute at age 12, then playing in the Seattle Youth Symphony Orchestras and taking professional jazz/classical flute workshops/master classes, I've been teaching and playing all styles of flute music professionally since my 20's.
Vocal study began at age 15 with some great artists/educators in SF, Seattle, and Europe, including Bobby McFerrin, Mark Murphy, Broadway singer Adrian West, David Tigner- SF Opera, Davida Kagan-Seattle Opera, and Rol
Manhattan Transfer coach /NY Academy of Dramatic Arts. Through many years of teaching experience, I've developed a very successful, uniquely simple 8 part method to help cross cultural individuals/groups of all ages , styles, and levels, sing optimally from their hearts. The necessary basic vocal techniques can be taught effectively in 4 to 8 lessons, though the learning process takes longer and can continue throughout one's lifetime.
With a BA in Theater Arts from SFSU, and over 50 years directing, acting, and musical experience, including the last 15 years also working successfully as an ESL educator, I have gained the confidence to help almost any student achieve their personal and/or professional goals.
· Singing · In home
· Singing · In studio
· Singing · Online
Abby V.
Abby V.
About Sheryl W.Close
View Full Profile
Experienced flute teacher of 37 years available for eager students of all experience levels and ages!
About Sheryl
Sheryl W.
Sheryl W.
About Dayna F.Close
Experienced teacher of 10 years, specializing in brass, woodwinds, and beginner/intermediate jazz! I just landed in Shoreview, MN from the top-shelf music programs of Poway Unified School District in San Diego, CA. Whether you are just learning your first notes or you're ready to start jazz improvisation, let's jam!
About Dayna
I continuously perform, write, and play music and I love to tailor lessons toward the goals and interests of each student. I incorporate different styles and techniques that help students at any level be a greater success!
Dayna F.
Dayna F.
About Mark Y.Close
For over more than 20 years I have had many successful students, who have enjoyed playing and studying with me. Teaching is a life-giver for me--I enjoy introducing students to the joys of different musical ideas, concepts, and ways that they can advance on their instrument. Things that I have enjoyed learning and playing over the years, that I can pass on to them to explore and enjoy. I hold both a Bachelor's and Master's Degree in Music, and have taught as an adjunct on the college level, high school, and privately. On the college level, I have taught clarinet, saxophone, and flute at three colleges, a Woodwind Methods class for five years, developed jazz ensembles, and developed and procured music for woodwind trios and saxophone quartets.
I have played professionally in these settings; jazz, symphonic, pit orchestra, and general business entertainment freelance as a woodwinds specialist.
About Mark
I have played professionally in these settings; jazz, symphonic, pit orchestra, and general bus
PERFORMING experience includes;
Free-lance Musician, woodwind instruments, Minneapolis/St. Paul
Contracting Musical Groups (own business)
Free-lance Musician, woodwind instruments, Central Florida
Jazz Quartet, Seaworld Renaissance Hotel, Orlando, Florida
Little Big Band Music Productions (own business)
Conventions- Orlando area, Scandinavian World Cruises
Disney MGM Studio Sax Quintet
Wayne Newton- U.S. and Canadian tour
Grand Floridian Hotel Band
Melissa Manchester- Florida tour
Contractor of Musicians- Premier Cruise Lines, Cape Canaveral, Florida
Princess Cruise Lines, Norwegian Cruise Lines, Glenn Miller Orchestra, Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra '96-'99, Florida Orchestra- Tampa, Cleveland Civic Orchestra, Ohio Ballet, Tommy Dorsey Orchestra, Montreaux Jazz Festival, Nice Jazz Festival
"The You In Me" -Solo Album --2000
GMO: Live in Europe—1980
MEMBERSHIPS --American Federation of Musicians
TEACHING experience includes;
(Sabbatical) College of Saint Benedict/St. John's University St Joseph, Minnesota
–Instructor of Applied Woodwinds
North Central University-Minneapolis, MN Adjunct Instructor
–Woodwind Methods, Applied Clarinet, Saxophone
Crown College-St. Bonifacius, MN Adjunct Instructor
–Jazz Ensemble, Woodwind Ensembles, Clarinet, Saxophone
College of Saint Benedict/St. John's University St Joseph/Collegeville, Minnesota
–Instructor of Applied Woodwinds- Adjunct
Hopkins High School
–Group Instruction
St. Louis Park High School
–Private Instruction
My Music Store–Golden Valley, Minnesota
Private Instruction
Private instrumental Instruction, Orlando, Florida
University of Akron- Graduate Assistant Jazz Studies
Cleveland Supplementary Educational Center -Cleveland, Ohio
Individual and group instruction in music
My educational experience includes; Master of Music, Performance Clarinet (Concentration: Woodwinds) University of Akron, Akron, Ohio; Bachelor of Music, Performance Saxophone, Baldwin-Wallace Conservatory, Berea, Ohio
Mark Y.
Mark Y.
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Recent Flute Articles from the Blog
Whether you're just starting out or a seasoned pro, check out the Flute articles on our blog.
6 Destructive Beliefs That Hold Beginner Musicians Back
Do you ever wonder how good your skills would be now if you started practicing a year ago? A question like this should motivate, not dishearten you. In this article, guest writer Elizabeth Kane will take you through six destructive beliefs you might face as you're learning how to become a musician, and how you can overcome them... Mind Over Matter Your mind is a powerful tool. Your thoughts dictate just about every conscious decision you make. Whether you're a beginner guitari … Read More


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Southwest Johnson County CERT is part of the greater Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program. This program educates people about disaster preparedness for hazards that may impact their area. Training takes place in basic disaster response skills such as fire safety, light search and rescue, team organization, and disaster medical operations. Using the training learned in the classroom and during exercises, CERT members can assist others in their neighborhood or workplace following an event when professional responders are not immediately available to help. CERT members also are encouraged to support emergency response agencies by taking a more active role in emergency preparedness projects in their community. Following is a link to the National CERT homepage where you can find a CERT program near you, find out how to start a CERT program if there isn't one near you, and a variety of other CERT related resources.
Southwest Johnson County CERT is a team that is growing on a yearly basis we are currently doing one training class a year and they are usually held in the fall. We have a training protocol in place for the year, please see the training page. Please let us know if you would like to know more about CERT. Our team looks forward to growth from the community.
Are you curious about CERT? There is a quick online class you can take if you would like to learn more about what CERT is all about.
IS-317: Introduction to Community Emergency Response Teams
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Go Time – Episode #64
InfluxDB & IoT Data
with Paul Dix
Paul Dix joined the show and talked with us about InfluxDB, building a company with OSS, improving the language, and other interesting projects and news.
Fastly – Our bandwidth partner. Fastly powers fast, secure, and scalable digital experiences. Move beyond your content delivery network to their powerful edge cloud platform.
Linode – Our cloud server of choice. Get one of the fastest, most efficient native SSD cloud servers for only $5/mo. Use the code
changelog2018 to get 4 months free!
Rollbar – Our error monitoring partner. Rollbar provides real-time error monitoring, alerting, and analytics to help us resolve production errors in minutes. To start deploying with confidence - head to rollbar.com/changelog
Notes & Links
IFQL - the new Influx query language and engine
Announcing IFQL – A New Query Language and Engine for InfluxDB
The Open Source Business Model is Under Siege
InfluxDB Now Supports Prometheus Remote Read & Write Natively
Interesting Go Projects and News
Grumble - automatic cli & shell tool
OpenFaaS - Serverless Functions Made Simple
Pouch - An Efficient Container Engine
Fireworq - A lightweight, high-performance job queue system
Understand Go pointers in less than 800 words or your money back
Pixel - A hand-crafted 2D game library in Go
Free Software Friday!
Each week on the show we give a shout out to an open source project or community (or maintainer) that's made an impact in our day to day developer lives.
Carlisia - go-multierror
Brian - LXRunOffline
Paul - Apache Arrow and Apache Arrow and the "10 Things I Hate About pandas"
Welcome back, everybody. I guess it's been a long holiday break, but we are back to kick off the new year. This is episode number 64, and everybody's here this week. Brian's on the show...
And Carlisia...
Happy new year!
And we're kicking off the new year in style. We have a guest we've been wanting to get on for a long time - Paul Dix, who's CTO and founder of Influx Data, and we all love InfluxDB.
So for anybody who may not be familiar with you and Influx, do you wanna give just a little bit of history and back-story?
Sure. InfluxDB is an open source time series database that we created which is written in Go, obviously. Started the company back in 2012, originally as a monitoringmqtt company, like a SaaS product to do real-time metrics and monitoring. Then over the course of 2013 we realized that the infrastructure that we were building, the API that was written in Go was actually more interesting, and then decided to bring that into the open source world as an open source database at first, mainly because I think developers obviously like to build their stuff on top of open source, and that's the only way that I felt the project could be successful. Then over time we raised more money, we did Y Combinator in 2013, and then we raised a series A in 2014.
Basically, the thesis around it was we didn't wanna just build a database, but we wanted to build a set of other tools, and basically a platform for working with time series data. In my mind, a time series data is kind of a primitive that's very common amongst many, many different use cases; you can see it obviously in ser sver and application monitoring, but you also see it in censor data and all sorts of analytics use cases.
Highlights on the company - we did, like I said, Y Combinator, series A, series B, we're probably about 70 people right now, and maybe doubling that by the end of this year.
That's a lot of people. Can you explain to me in terms that I would understand - which might be difficult for you, because I'm really slow, especially right after the holiday - how I could use Influx for something like my barbecue?
[laughs] Which you've already done, I've seen your project. [laughter]
Oh, you saw that, huh? Damn.
Yeah. So essentially, your barbecue has a number of sensors on it... I saw the temperature sensors and some other stuff, so you're able to just pull that sensor data into Influx, basically collect it. I can't remember what you used to collect that data and what those sensors actually are, what they're built on...
We're using MQTT right now.
Oh, okay.
For that particular use case, we threw it together in a weekend; it was MQTT on Arduino-based hardware, and then Telegraph was picking that up and converting it into Influx, and then we displayed it on Grafana.
[00:04:12.03] Right, yeah. So that's very common. I think the thing that's interesting is you have sensors on your barbecue, and I think that trend is actually only gonna continue to accelerate. There are gonna be more and more sensors out there in the world, and you're gonna wanna instrument that stuff. A lot of times you're gonna throw the data away; like, what's the long-term value of your barbecue data being collected every ten seconds for the last five years? Probably minimal, but I think there are use cases, within sensors specifically, that will be very interesting.
So is Influx customized specifically for IoT use cases, or is that just a really nice fit to a more general product?
I think it's just a really nice fit to something general. The data model of Influx is obviously of a measurement name. You have a set of tags which are key value pairs, where the values are strings, and those are basically dimensions that you can slice and dice the data on. So a measurement name could be like, you know, grill temperature, and the tag information could be not just one barbecue, but many barbecues in many different locations, for many different people that are owners, or whatever.
And then the actual series data, which in Influx it's what I call a field set, which is a field name, which would be just like a value, or something else, or it could be like inner temperature/outer temperature, or like a temperature for each grill... And then the value itself, and then finally a timestamp.
So it just so happens that that structure, that kind of schema works really well for IoT data, because it's very common that people who are tracking sensor data want to slice and dice the data along those lines. But it's also very common for server data as well, right? You want to see for this service how are things performing, or within this region how are things doing, or for this specific host.
I think the one other thing that is I think kind of unique with Influx and some of the other older time series solutions is that from day one we wanted it to be useful not just for what I call regular time series, which is measurements collected at fixed intervals, so like once a minute, but also irregular time series, which are like event-driven series. So that can be the response time for an individual request to an API, it could be a trade in the stock market, or stuff like that. Or a container spinning up or spinning down, that kind of stuff.
So as far as like Go usage goes, what's your experience been like building using Go? You guys have done quite some interesting things, including creating your own query language against it, and things like that. Has it helped facilitate that? Do you have anything that you've kind of tripped up against?
Yeah, so our experience using Go has been fantastic. I remember looking at Go back in March of 2012 when 1.0 came out, and I thought it was interesting as a language. But at the time I was writing primarily Scala code, which I was completely disenfranchised with at that point... But before that, I was a Ruby developer, so I was in the dynamic language camp, and I switched to Scala... Then I was in the barren hellscape that is the JVM. Then, looking at Go, what I appreciated was that the tooling was very simple, the really fast compile times; whenever I had to do Scala stuff, it was just painful waiting for builds.
[00:08:18.01] In the fall of 2012, when I was creating the second version of the API for this SaaS monitoring application - originally, I had written that in Scala, using Cassandra and Redis, so for this next cut I wanted something that was like a single binary that could be deployed, and I thought Go would be great for that. So I basically did a spike of writing a basic time series API in Go, and then using LevelDB, which is a key-value store that's actually written in C++ that came out of Google... But I did that really quickly what kind of performance could I get out of this thing. And I saw that it was very, very good.
Basically, fast-forward through 2013 into basically mid-September 2013, we had decided -- at this time, the company was me and two other people. I had gotten back from a conference and I was like, "Okay, this product we're building isn't working, but I think the infrastructure is interesting, and I think this time series thing is interesting, so let's do a spike on creating a time series database based on our previous stuff, and do it from scratch."
Internally, we had this debate about what language we should be doing it in. And really, at that time it was "Okay, it's either gonna be C, C++ or Go." Rust really wasn't an option at that time; I think it was pretty far from getting to any sort of 1.0 release, and none of us had any familiarity with it. And at the time, what I knew - because we already had experience in Go - was I knew we could be more productive, faster using Go as a language, versus C or C++. Part of that is maybe a dig on how productive you can be in those languages, but also part of it is a dig on our lack of skills in them. If we were expert C++ programmers, I'm sure we would be fairly productive... But we were familiar with Go; we knew we could be fast with it.
Really, the concern that we had was "What about the garbage collector? It's a database, you're gonna have massive heaps... What are we gonna do about the GC?" and my feeling was there's like two paths here if we do it in Go and we have to deal with the GC. Path one is we perform the same sort of crazy hacks that people in Hadoop land, in Cassandra land and basically anybody writing databases and data stores in Java had been doing, which is essentially hide the data from the heap. Or, we hope that the Go team, their development and what they're doing with the GC will frontrun where we are as a database.
Thankfully, I think it's been a combination of both. One, the Go team's improvements to the GC over the last four years have just been crazy; it's been really insane, it's good. But then the other thing is I find that there's a lot of places in our codebase that I've seen our developers over time see where they could optimize things, so that we do fewer heap allocations, we keep stuff on the stack, and we get much, much better performance just because of the tooling that Go has to let you introspect what's going on.
So basically, my experience with Go has been overwhelmingly positive, and I've written about this a couple of times. I really do think that Go has a long lifetime ahead of it and I do think that 5-10 years from now it potentially has the possibility to overtake Java as the preferred server-side programming language for services.
[00:12:14.13] Our two biggest pain points over that time -- which, of course, everybody is going to groan because I'm going say things that everybody has heard a million times before, which is one, dependencies; thankfully, it looks like that is finally starting to get addressed... And two, generics. I'm not asking that they add generics to the language, because I feel like there's a big win in not having them in terms of simplicity and readability and that kind of stuff, but we definitely felt the pain in a couple specific spots where generics would have been handy.
Actually, Ben Johnson ended up writing this templating thing, basically like this code generation thing that lets us hack around new generics, which is littered in our query engine code right now.
Let me jump in here, because I don't want us to get too far ahead, otherwise I'll forget to ask. Paul, if you could drop a link to those couple articles you wrote about the future of Go as per your thinking, and also this tool that Ben Johnson wrote - is it open source? Could you share it with us?
Yeah, Ben's in the Slack channel. Ben, share your code... [laughter]
And he's hiding now... [laughter]
I saw him heckling me earlier... [laughs]
We have to do what we do to everybody - we have to bring him on the show and then put him on the spot on the show.
I think Ben has been on the show.
He has?
I'm sure he has.
There's 64 episodes, I just can't remember anything past the last two.
He's been on the show.
Cool. That doesn't mean we can't bring him back on.
Not that he couldn't be on the show again, yeah. He'll be the first repeater. But let's go on...
Oh, Cory beat me to it. Cory posted in the GoTime.fm channel. This is the post that I wrote after... Yeah, it was after GopherCon 2014, so it was still pretty early.
That was actually -- that GopherCon is where I met Cory and Ben.
That's the first GopherCon. You're OG. Original Gopher.
Brian, I have a few questions, but go ahead and say what you were gonna say.
Oh, I completely forgot, but I think it had to do with code generation...
You're welcome.
Yeah, thanks a lot, Carlisia. My 2018 resolution is to remember what I was gonna say. I think it boiled down to writing a code generator being like the third step of denial in Go. Once you accept that there are no generics, the next thing you do is "Alright, how are we gonna start generating the stuff we need?" It feels like a rite of passage as a matured Go developer.
And I don't think that they're against adding generics. I think that they wanna make sure that they're solving for the right use cases and things like that, and that it doesn't make the language more complex.
I'm against generics....
Yeah, strongly. I love the readability of Go, and I think anything that changes that is really, really bad.
I guess the question is do you think there's a way to add generics? Some flavor of it, let's not put a Java flavor on it. I mean, do you think the two are antithetically, completely opposed to each other? Like, on one side you have generics, and on the other side you have readability, and there's just like no way to reconcile the two?
I don't know, but all the generics I've seen - limited exposure to programming languages, but the ones I've seen are not readable in other languages, so I'd just hate to bring that to Go.
Yeah, I don't want C++ templates.
[00:16:09.05] I don't think anybody wants that.
The Go language team itself, they've already dropped sufficient hints that this is not trivial, that there will be major trade-offs to make in regards to the simplicity of Go versus having that extra functionality.
Yeah. That's why I'm saying, I personally can't say I want them to add generics, because there's some section of our codebase where it was definitely painful to not have them, but most of our codebase is actually -- we don't really lose anything by not having them. We gain readability.
It's interesting though, because when you come from other languages like C++ or Java or things like that, and the complexity sometimes of the way they implement object-oriented programming also is like "Ugh...", right? But then you take a look at the way Go implemented interfaces and kind of like implicitly implementing an interface and composing things, rather than explicitly -- like, inheritance, and things like that... I'm not a language designer, and I haven't read a lot of whitepapers on language design or anything, but there could be a way to give us something that behaves like generics without being what we know of generics today.
Yeah. I think the way Go did interfaces is actually brilliant. Before Go, I hadn't really used that. I know Scala has a similar thing, but Scala is like a kitchen sink language, in that it has everything thrown into it; there are like a million ways to program Scala. You can program Scala exactly like you do Java... So coming to Go, that was actually a real learning experience for me. I never really used that paradigm of the consumer defining the interface, and I think that's actually quite powerful. It allows you to do a lot of stuff in code that you otherwise wouldn't be able to do.
Yeah, that is a crazy thing. When I understood what it was, I was thinking "Did I understand this correctly?" [laughs] Who had this idea was awesome. It's pretty awesome. So on that note, one question that I have is -- because you have such a tremendous experience with Go at a large scale... Is there anything you would change in the way that you went about developing InfluxDB as far as what you know today about Go, or the Go ecosystem?
That's a good question.
Well, there are a million things I would change about developing InfluxDB. [laughter]
The life of a software developer.
Yeah, exactly.
"I wrote it yesterday and I hate it."
Yeah, but not so much in terms of design, but in terms of what touches the language, and maybe using the standard library, or anything like that.
Is a different way to ask that "What lessons did you learn about designing software in Go, while you were building it"? Is that kind of the same question, Carlisia?
Yes, it is.
Yeah, I think part of it is how to organize your project. Honestly, I think that's something that we all fumble around with and learn over time. I can actually point to you - which I linked to in a recent blog post I did - Ben Johnson wrote this post that I think is actually very, very good about how to organize a Go project to make it understandable. I think we're closer to that in this codebase.
[00:20:04.20] The current InfluxDB codebase is actually a complete rewrite of the original InfluxDB. That's not like a refactor, but it was essentially like a rip-and-replace rewrite almost. But in the same repo.
So that's probably a good codebase to look at for example of how to organize your code, you'd say?
Well, I think the link that Brian just put up in the channel, of Ben's blog post about how to structure applications in Go - I think that is a really good blueprint for how to do it. I would do more and more like that within the Influx codebase. I'm not sure we have that everywhere, and there are some weird spots we have where a directory or a package, some packages and stuff like that that are not totally certain to make sense... But some of this is kind of just like bikeshedding; everybody can debate about what the right way to organize things is, but yeah...
I've used Ben's post as the almost canonical -- like the Bible of how to organize Go code for the last two years while I was teaching Go, and it's never done me wrong. It's such a well thought-out process, and I have nothing but awesome things to say about that post.
Yeah. So I referenced it, and actually I referenced what I think the Go interfaces, what kind of application structures it enables in this blog post I did recently, where I said -- it's something I call "the decomposable monolith." I linked the post in the channel. My idea behind this is -- I know everybody is hot on microservices and all this other stuff now; obviously, microservices is just like the new service-oriented design, which was the new SOA, although thankfully we got rid of XML and WSDL and SOAP... But I think for most people building applications, they actually don't benefit from building microservice-based applications.
This is like an idea I was kind of playing around with, which is if you're building a new application in Go, is there a way to structure it as a codebase where it is a monolith, but then you can later pull out pieces of the monolith as individual services without having to do a massive refactor of your application codebase?
Exactly, and that is why I personally don't think that talking about code organization in Go is a waste of time or is a lot of bikeshedding, because you can do it in a very purposeful way, which is to accomplish a goal like the one you've just said. I think if you have in mind to package things in a way that "What if I want to extract this and put it somewhere else?" or "What if I want to share this as a library, with other repositories?"
If you don't think a little bit why you're organizing code in a certain way, you lose that ability, and that is a great feature that Go has embedded in the language in a way that allows you to write your code and to package it. Bill Kennedy also has a very good post, and I'm trying to find it here on his blog, about how to organize code; it's a series of two or three posts.
[00:23:55.11] Yeah, so I like the idea of the decomposable monolith, too; we've done this before, too... The beauty of that is like everybody -- the Holy Grail is having this horizontally scalable architecture where you just spin up more of these things and the world is great... But people don't realize that with separating things out like that, you introduce complexities into the system and you introduce new ways that your application can break, and that's often not good early on, because you're still trying to iterate on the core functionality and get that rock-solid, and now you're having to worry about network issues and timeouts and things like that.
Right, yeah. Most of the time you need to figure out if you're even building the right thing in the first place.
In our e-mail, talking about you coming on the show, you were talking about - speaking of refactoring things, you're changing out the way your hosted solution works; you kind of have like your own custom orchestrator... I believe that's what you were mentioning.
Yeah, so our hosted solution is an EC2, and we started developing this in... Oh, man, I'm probably gonna get this wrong. This was 2016... Yes, 2016. I can't believe it was that long ago. So yeah, this was in February of 2016, and what we were going to do for this kind of thing was essentially it looks basically like managed databases of services. The customer comes in, they sign up, they'll get new EC2 instances where the InfluxDB clustered implementation will be deployed on containers, with some additional monitoring bits and stuff like that.
Then there is a bunch of stuff so that we can deal with the inevitable EC2 instance restarts, or another thing that we ended up putting in there is being able to literally clone a custom cluster and take its data and test it and play around with it, or spin up a new cluster with a new version and replicate the read/write traffic coming in to both the live cluster and the new test cluster.
Because this we were doing this in February 2016, Kubernetes wasn't really mature at that point, since that project is really only like three and a half years old. So basically, what we did was we had pretty simple needs, and we just had a very small team working on it... They essentially wrote from scratch a container orchestrator in Go that also deals with the Amazon APIs and stuff like that.
But obviously, at this point, the writing is on the wall - Kubernetes is basically winning the orchestration game, and there's a bunch of hooks and stuff that you can do within Kubernetes to customize it for your needs. Basically, probably about three or four months ago we took a look and we said, "Okay, one - this single-tenant architecture that we have is not really working as we scale up." We run thousands of instances on EC2, and it means that, one, it's a pain to coordinate all of that stuff and to monitor all of that stuff, but also we waste a lot of resources, because there are many customers who have very small workloads where a lot of their instances are basically just sitting idle, and this is exactly what cluster orchestration is for.
[00:27:45.15] Basically, our costs aren't scaling properly with the number of customers, and we have to manage all these things... More importantly, if we want to release a feature in the database, we have to do it in the database, we have to test it as extensively as we can, and then we have to try and clone a few customer clusters and replicate the traffic, and then upgrade them. But the thing is we have to upgrade each of these clusters individually. It's not like a SaaS service or a regular -- a SaaS application usually, if it's something that's operating at scale, either in terms of the complexity or the traffic, you have a number of services underlying it, and you can deploy each of those individually. So it's totally possible to develop and deploy a feature in a SaaS application, for instance, without deploying every single piece of code throughout the thing. Right now, clustered InfluxDB is very much a monolithic application. If you want to develop a new feature, you have to deploy the entire database, which means there's a high risk to deploying code.
Basically, as we saw Kubernetes gaining in popularity and really maturing, I thought "Well, what if we started to try to think about for our cloud service and for a database in general, what would it look like if we actually designed it to run on Kubernetes from day one?" We took advantage of the primitives that Kubernetes has in terms of being able to schedule things, and we kind of separated out the different kinds of workloads that you have within a database.
Most databases are monolithic things, but they do a bunch of different things. Sometimes they're just storing a bunch of data, sometimes they're doing a bunch of query processing for a query that the user is running, sometimes they're doing some re-indexing, or in our case, compactions on the background data... Or, because we also are a monitoring platform, we could be doing real-time monitoring and learning, or batch monitoring and learning. And trying to make all of that work in a single monolithic application I think is very, very hard, whereas if you break each of those out into separate services, you can tune them for the workload that they have to be built for. Then, once you pair that up with Kubernetes, you can have it manage deployment and the shrinking and growing of those services individually.
This year, for our cloud thing, that's our big project - to try to move from this single-tenanted architecture to a multi-tenanted architecture that still has workload isolation across tenants, but it has the ability to decouple storage from compute, from processing for ETL monitoring tasks. Really the first part of that that we started doing last year was the development of our new query engine and query language, which is actually open source and up on GitHub.
What we did with that was we actually decoupled the engine in the language from the actual data storage tier. So the nice thing that gets you is you can deploy new query processors as basically share-nothing application servers that can just be spun up on the fly... Which actually, again, that's actually Kubernetes' sweet spot.
Yeah, and all the autoscaling and stuff, too. Are you gonna take advantage of the operator pattern too to deploy these customer...?
Yeah, we're already looking into that, actually. One of our guys is actually gonna submit a talk to the Cloud Native Con or KubeCon Europe that's coming up - I think it's in early May in Copenhagen - and he's working on operator code for some of these pieces, so I think he's gonna try and give a talk on it.
[00:31:55.23] The two key things we're looking at is Kubernetes operators, and then also Istio mixers. Because there's a bunch we wanna do in a new API tier, that mixers seem like the perfect fit for.
That Istio is freakin' incredible...
It's on fuego!
Yeah, Cloud Native Con in Austin in December could have been called IstioCon.
[laughs] So there's an interesting crossover here for this show with people who are actually familiar with Kubernetes and that landscape, and then there's also some people who are solely on the Go side, so it might be helpful maybe if we just take a couple minutes to kind of describe what Istio is and the purpose it serves.
Yeah, so Istio is a project built by Google, written in Go. It's what they call a control plane. It's paired up with Envoy proxy... So Envoy -- unfortunately, to describe Istio, you have to go down this rabbit hole... [laughter] Envoy is basically a proxy, but it's also something for building what Matt Klein (its creator) calls a service mesh. Basically, Envoy is written in C++, it was developed at Lyft by Matt Klein and a team of other people, but now they have contributors from many organizations. It's part of the CNCF at this stage, and Istio is as well. So they're part of the CNCF, which overlooks Kubernetes and Prometheus and a bunch of other projects.
Envoy is basically a sidecar that you can deploy with your containers to act as a proxy, but also a service mesh to do -- it can integrate with service discovery and do all this stuff, so it can route traffic from one service to another, it can do things like rate limiting and all sorts of other stuff.
Istio stacks on top of Envoy, so if you're using Istio, you're using Envoy. And it stacks on top of Envoy to work as like a control plane, which is a bit more programmable, so you can build in all sorts of custom features. I'm not an expert on either at this point, so I'm not really qualified to giving a much better answer than that, but... Yeah.
Yeah, and it's really interesting, because it allows you to kind of inject your way in between container to container communication. Like Paul said, you can do rate limiting and stuff, but you can also set rules as to which pods are allowed to talk to which other pods, or even outbound or inbound traffic to them. You can do stuff like inject headers, so if you wanna just kind of be able to quickly add distributed tracing to your application, that's kind of a quick way to do that. It's just super powerful.
Yeah, and by the way, that (the distributed tracing stuff) is actually -- Envoy and Istio are actually one of the few ways that I think tracing will take off, because I think the burden to a developer to actually implement tracing within their own application code is way too high. I think having Envoy and Istio in front makes it so that you can get tracing kind of out of the box, without putting this huge burden on the developer to get it done.
And I think it's interesting too, because then the more you use the tracing because you kind of got it for free, the more it encourages you to add new metrics to the distributed tracing to help do that. But most people aren't highly motivated to have to do the from-scratch implementation and do all of their services.
[00:35:55.01] I wanted to ask a question that I always like to ask anyone who comes on the show that is heading a company or a big team, and that is about hiring. I wonder how is hiring Go developers going for you, what do you look for? Does it matter if the person knows Go or not, and do you recommend that people who want to work on anything that is made in Go that they go and learn Go beforehand? And anything else you wanna share about that?
So generally, for the database what we try to do is filter based on a skillset that matches up with that, whether they have experience in Go or not. Although many of our database developers had experience in Go already coming into it, not all of them did. So for that it was basically like -- Go is an easy language to learn; that's one of the things I love about it. You can point somebody at the spec and the basic documentation and they can be productive within a few days... Particularly if you have code review and stuff like that as part of your process, because then they can just start doing pull requests and pick up idioms along the way, and have the developers who are already very familiar with Go and the idioms push them in the right direction.
So I would say, actually for most of our staff, it really depends. We don't necessarily require Go experience, just because of the fact that you can pick it up so quickly. I think some of the other stuff around doing performance optimization and using the profiling tools and that kind of stuff is more advanced Go stuff. If we were trying to hire for one of those roles, we would filter for that kind of experience. So it would definitely be somebody who knows Go, who has experience doing those things. But those roles are kind of few and far between. I think for the most part it's just smart developers who at the very least are excited to work in the language.
I wouldn't want to hire somebody who didn't know anything about Go, just because it's entirely possible that you could get somebody coming from another language, who uses Go, who just absolutely hates it. And then at that point, if you've already hired them, it's not a good situation for either of you.
I think for hiring we benefitted for sure from having open source bits all over the place. We've hired a number of people from our contributor community. We've seen commits and actually reached out to them and said, "Hey, your code looks great. We're really interested to talk to you and see if you'd be interested in coming to work with us." That's nice, but that doesn't really scale, and like I said, we kind of have to double our engineering team in 12 months, so at this point we use that, we use job boards, we use recruiters, and I feel like for some of these roles we're definitely gonna be pulling in people who aren't familiar with Go and training them up on the job.
[00:40:13.06] This was super informative, Paul. Thanks.
I'm forgetting what time we stared, but I think we're running shorter on time... Do we wanna jump into some projects and news before we do #FreeSoftwareFriday?
There is a huge list there, oh my god!
We haven't been on the show for weeks.
Okay. [laughs]
So much cool stuff to talk about!
So I'll start off with a new project that I saw, that I didn't play with yet, but man, does it look cool! It's called Grumble, and it's at GitHub.com/desertbit/grumble. It's an automatic CLI and shell tool. The API for it looks almost like an exact clone of Cobra, from Steve Francia's SPF13 Cobra library. However, it also has a shell. So instead of just being able to do command lines, you can drop into a shell and have an interactive shell that works with your application. I really wanna play with that, because that looks kind of fun.
This looks cool... Like a repl kind of thing?
Sorry, I missed the link. Can you post it in the channel?
So while we were at CloudNativeCon and KubeCon, one of the things I hadn't heard of before was OpenFaaS, which is Open Functions as a Service, which is kind of implementing serverless on top of Kubernetes. What's the URL for that --
The regular website is OpenFaaS.com, too. I think that's really cool. It's one of the things I'm most excited about for Kubernetes now; now that we've kind of accepted how awesome Kubernetes as like a container orchestration platform, now it's starting to catch on the modularity of the system and how each of the components, schedulers and things like that are all implemented separately and you can build your own, and I'm really looking forward to the more creative use cases that we build in abstractions on top of Kubernetes.
Well, speaking of containers, I didn't put the link in here, but I've played with Alibaba's Pouch, which is pretty slick. That's from the Alibaba team I believe that's out of China. A fast and efficient container engine that vaguely competes with Docker. Really cool stuff, and lots of good technology decisions in here that I think are informed by their huge, huge traffic. So Alibaba's Pouch is something to check out if you're interested in learning about how to do containers at scale.
I dropped that link in there. They're actually a really huge user of containers, and I know there's some stuff built in there around security and using Hyper V and stuff. But one of the interesting things that I saw about it was actually in the way they distribute images. It's done using peer-to-peer instead of a central repository server, which should make it much faster to have nodes pick up images.
[00:43:54.06] That always seems to be the slow point, right? Another instance goes to start up, or it fails over to another node, but the image hasn't been pulled yet, and then there's kind of like that lag waiting for it to get there... Whereas if it just pulled it from another node in the cluster that has it...
Yeah, the documentation in that GitHub repository for Pouch is well worth your time to sit down and read through. I did it a couple days ago and I wasn't disappointed. There's lots of good stuff in there.
Alright, what else do we have?
I've got one.
I don't know if it's new-new... Well, I've just heard about it I guess a month and a half ago. Google has this effort to try and combine in an open source framework metrics and distributed tracing. They wanted to build that out as like a standard... So the project is called OpenCensus, and they have a Go library up already on GitHub. It's GitHub.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-go, which I will post in the channel.
So I think it's interesting because they have their monitoring product called Stackdriver, but they are trying to still push out open source tooling, at least on the client side, and they're trying to basically build this standard tooling platform on the client side so that you can actually use -- and what they're hoping is that the other cloud providers and the other monitoring providers will actually implement these protocols so that you could use this library and actually use many different monitoring providers.
Interesting. So does this compete with opentracing? Is it a different spec, or same purview?
I'm not sure if it actually implements the opentracing spec, because opentracing isn't really an implementation so much as a specification of how that works... So it could actually just be another opentracing implementation, although maybe not... Because their -- they have some weird stuff in Stackdriver because it's all based on their time series database called Monarch... So I think they may have some stuff in here that's specific to that, but...
Interesting. Now I've gotta go play with this. You've found my weakness.
That's the problem - this whole space and landscape is just exploding and it's too hard to keep up with everything that's being created and the advancements.
Yeah. Okay, I'm looking at it... So they do actually support already the Prometheus exposition format and the OpenZipkin.
Oh. They do Azure App Insights too, look at that! Hey-hey! Alright, we know what I'm doing tonight.
Another cool post - if you happen to be newer to Go and come from a language that may not have pointers already, Dave Cheney's blog -- and all of this stuff we're talking about, we will drop links in the show notes. Dave Cheney's blog has a great post titled Understanding Go Pointers In Less Than 800 Words Or Your Money Back. That's actually a really good resource if you wanna understand how variables work and pointers and things like that, and don't necessarily come from C or something else that supports pointers.
Boy, was that me... Who was I having this conversation with the other day...? I was helping somebody learn Go, and they were like "Well, what do you do about when it tells you it expected this, but got that?" and I said "Just change it from & to *." They were like "What?" I said, "It doesn't matter why, just do that until you understand." And that's how I go through Go the first year, because I had no clue what pointers were. I came from Ruby.
[00:48:05.11] It's always one or the other... Two choices. If one doesn't work, the other will. [laughs]
Change it and recompile, see what happens.
I mean, it does have its implications, right? Especially when you talk about interfaces and things like that, like whether you can actually change the value that's embedded within the interface that's being passed, and things like that.
Of course I understand that, Erik. [laughter] Just saying, when you've gotta get through it, sometimes you just need to flip a bit and recompile.
Another cool project that I found was called Pixel, and it's a 2D game library in Go, and I'm really interested to see what comes from that... I really love when people have creative use cases outside of just writing microservices in Go.
Oh, wow. Can you do platform games with it?
I don't think it supports that. I think it's only...
Never mind, I've just clicked on the site and it says "Platform Games" and it's got a little gopher jumping off of platforms. Oh, my god! That's it, we're writing games for the rest of today. Thanks a lot for coming, Paul; we've gotta go! [laughter]
What are the little things that we have? The PocketCHIPs?
I totally need this on the PocketCHIP!
Right? Oh, my god... PocketCHIP is a tiny little Linux computer, by the way, with its own screen and keyboard. If you were as old as me -- what were those little pocket devices we had that were...? Oh, Handspring Treos, PalmPilots. It's about that size, a little bit bigger. Those were the days... I just dated myself.
And they are on getchip.com, if you're interested. There should be a link that says PocketCHIP. They're fairly inexpensive; I think they're like $50 or $60, and they've got like a keyboard on them and they run full Linux, and you can install Go on there, and they've got some pin-outs and stuff like that too for doing GPIO... So it makes for kind of a fun hacking project, outside of using Arduino... You can actually do Go.
We're all over the place today. [laughter]
Oh, nice...
Yeah. So time for #FreeSoftwareFriday. Who wants to go first?
Alright, Carlisia, let's hear it.
So this week was the first time that I had an if error loop inside another if error loop, and I sort of wanted to report both errors. If there was an error in both loops, I wanted to wait for the second one and then report both. So I was thinking, well, there has to be a neat way to do this, and then I found this package from HashiCorp called go-multierror. I didn't know this package before. It's very simple, it lets you do exactly that, and I thought it was pretty neat. It just appends one error to the other, and you can have a bunch of errors just appended, just like you append to a list. I thought that was neat.
Does the multi-error present itself as a single error with a underlying slice of errors with it, so you can still use it in place of something that expects an error?
It will present itself as one error.
Oh, that's cool.
Yeah. Not a list of errors, just one error.
But then you could type-assert it and get the underlying errors, too?
I did not test that.
Okay, I'll go check it out. That sounds pretty slick.
I think it will be just one string of all the errors. Maybe separated by some separator, maybe a dot.
[00:52:07.07] Cool. Alright, I'll go next. I found the coolest - to me, coolest; I love hacky, crazy things... This is an application called LXRunOffline. I've been using Windows as a development environment for many months now, along with my Mac and my Linux machines, and Windows has the WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) and previously you were only able to install one installation, which was Ubuntu; then with the Fall Creators Update, they brought two more, so you could have openSUSE, Ubuntu and -- not Fedora, but a different one; I can't remember which. So you could have three installations, but that was it. You were limited to those three.
So this LXRunOffline app allows you to create any number of installations of WSL, each with their own backing file system, which means I basically can create a sandbox for every app I wanna build, with very little disk overhead and no performance overhead. So I used it and I wrote a blog post about it over the holidays, about how I created a new development environment using LXRunOffline for sandboxing all of my code. It was a ton of fun.
I still need to play in the Windows and Windows Subsystem for Linux world...
Where do you work?
[laughs] I hide in the Linux closet... [laughter]
Poor Erik.
I mean, especially with the Windows Subsystem for Linux, Windows has gotten a lot more intriguing to me... And I'm liking my Mac hardware less and less, but I'm still a Linux person at heart.
Yeah, we could have a series of shows about operating systems and I still would not run out of things to say about all three of them. Alright, any other #FreeSoftwareFriday shoutouts?
Paul, do you have anything?
Yeah, I'll do one. Unfortunately it's not specifically a Go one. I will give a shoutout to Wes McKinney, who built a lot of stuff. Pandas is what he's most famous for, but Apache Arrow is a project that he is putting a lot of work into, that I think is particularly interesting.
It's basically a data format that can be represented in memory, the same way. Ideally, it can be represented cross-language, in the same exact format, and there are a bunch of things that it's designed to do. He's done a lot of data processing work, and Pandas, and bigger data work and stuff like that. The whole thesis behind Arrow is frequently when you're moving data around, you actually have to 1) copy the data in memory frequently, and then you have to marshal it between different kinds of formats, and you actually waste a lot of processing power and bandwidth doing all these things. So the idea behind Arrow is that you can actually achieve much better efficiencies through zero-copy methods and without having to marshal things into different formats.
[00:55:42.11] The idea is Arrow would be the data representation for many different data processing libraries or machine learning libraries, or stuff like that. We are actually looking at it as basically a data interchange format for our data tier and our query processing tier, and then also exposing that out to clients. Basically, we can process data across the network and all this other stuff, without having to waste a bunch of time like, say, serializing it in protobufs and then pulling it back out, and representing it as like these go structs and all this other stuff.
I read through Arrow's website the other day and it look really interesting; it looked fascinating actually, the way they store the data almost pivoted for faster retrieval. It was a good read.
Yeah, and Wes has a really good blog post about - a blog post or a talk, or probably both - about some of the motivations behind the project and the specific reasons for developing it.
Just so many cool things, and nowhere near enough time...
Agreed. So with the holiday break and not doing much development, I don't have one off-hand, so I'm gonna give a huge shoutout to Ron Evans, and all the folks at Hybrid Group, really... For GoBot, for doing the GoBot Room at GopherCon so people could come and freely play with Go on hardware... But for people who are from other circles, they also have Cylon.js and R2, which is basically GoBot, but in Ruby and Javascript.
And GoCV, which is another thing I'm gonna play with, because I'm convinced I'm going to use the webcam on my laptop with GoCV and GoBot to make my Sphereo find its way around an environment, or learn to bowl, or something...
If you have ideas for how to incorporate OpenCV and controlling a little robotic ball to roll around, I'm open for ideas, but I wanna marry them somehow.
Alright, so I think we're a little overtime, but with that, I wanna thank everybody for being on the show, especially a huge thank you to Paul for coming on the show and kicking off the new year in style.
Yeah, thank you.
And definitely thank you to everybody who's listening. You can find us @GoTimeFM on Twitter, we are at GoTime.fm on the interwebs... If you wanna be on the show, have suggestions for topics or guests, you can file an issue on our GitHub, which is GitHub.com/GoTimeFM/ping... And with the holiday break, if I didn't forget anything, that's it.
We forgot to mention that today's show is sponsored by the letter G and the number 12, thanks. [laughter]
Have you been watching a lot of PBS? [laughter] Alright, bye everybody! We'll see you next week!
Bye! This was fun!
Our transcripts are open source on GitHub. Improvements are welcome. 💚


text:
When is a rape victim legally a victim of rape?
According to a Georgia state representative, the term "victim" should be applied only after the accused has been convicted.
State Rep. Bobby Franklin (R-Marietta) recently introduced a bill mandating that not only victims of rape be re-classified as "accusers," but victims of stalking, harassment, and family violence should as well.
If passed, the legislation [PDF] would amend state criminal law "in the context of a number of statutes making reference to circumstances where there has not yet been a criminal conviction; to provide for related matters; to repeal conflicting laws; and for other purposes."
Critics said that they feared Franklin's bill would decrease reports of rape, which is itself already an underreported crime [PDF], according to the California Coalition Against Sexual Assault.
"To be classified, off the bat, as an accuser instead of as a victim places one more barrier to reporting the crime to the authorities," Amie Newman of RH Reality Check wrote recently.
Jennifer White, an attorney for the Family Violence Prevention Fund, told The Huffington Post that convictions of rape crimes are very tough to attain.
"I think it's a sad reality that for some reason, it's easier for society, in some respects, to believe that a victim would fabricate this type of crime than to believe that a person is capable of committing certain atrocities," she said.
The Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee pointed out that Franklin's bill ignored a similar reclassification among a wide range of crimes pertaining to people's private property.
"Burglary victims are still victims. Assault victims are still victims. Fraud victims are still victims," the DLCC said in a advisory last week.
It continued, "But if you have the misfortune to suffer a rape, or if you are beaten by a domestic partner, or if you are stalked, Rep. Franklin doesn't think you've been victimized. He says you're an 'accuser' until the courts have determined otherwise."
Newman, who called the bill "utterly misogynistic" and "hateful," noted that Georgia ranks 11th in the nation for incidences of forcible rape, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics.
"You might want to focus on how to best protect those who live in your state – including young people, who are the most likely to be victims of sexual assault and rape – rather than protecting the 'accused,'" she said.


text:
What You Must Know Before Investing in Prostate Cancer Stocks
Understanding how urologists think and how the cancer is treated is critical for investors.
MINYANVILLE ORIGINAL I'm currently attending the American Urology Association (AUA) annual meeting in Atlanta. This meeting doesn't get as much attention as the big American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting in a couple of weeks. In the eight straight years I've attended AUA, I almost never see the typical Wall Street crowd here.
That's unfortunate because investors are throwing a ton of money at prostate cancer stocks. Understanding what happens in urology is critical for understanding the space.
The prostate cancer space has been a hot one for investors for most of the last decade. There have been some successes (Dendreon (DNDN) depending on your timing, Cougar (OTCBB:CGRB) bought by Johnson & Johnson (JNJ), and Medivation (MDVN). There have been many failures: Cell Genesys (CEGE), Novacea (NOVC), the companies trying to get satraplatin approved, AstraZeneca's (AZN) double failure, and several more).
I believe you cannot understand the prostate cancer space until you understand how urologists think. Skipping AUA and only going to ASCO and talking to oncologists about prostate cancer will lead you astray. Dendreon is learning this the hard way. Exelixis (EXEL) is having valuation problems because of this. Cell Genesys and Novacea lost their companies because of it (though GVAX wasn't going to work regardless).
To understand why this is true, I have to back up and explain how prostate cancer patients are treated. This treatment paradigm is different from all other cancers, with the possible exception of bladder cancer. Unless you understand what the differences mean for your investments in prostate cancer stocks, you're not making investing decisions with the best information.
In the US, urologists diagnose and perform initial treatment of around 90% of all prostate cancer cases. The disease is usually detected via PSA screening or after investigation of urinary complaints. The urologist does the biopsy. The urologist does the primary treatment.
An oncologist is almost never involved.
The urologist continues to "own" the patient going forward. Seventy to 80% of the patients die with prostate cancer, not of prostate cancer. The remainder start seeing their PSA rise some number of years after their primary therapy. Urologists prescribe hormone therapy to rob prostate cells of the androgen fuel they need to thrive. This therapy suffices for most men and they remain under management of the urologist.
Oncologists are still not involved in the treatment of these patients.
Any of these patients who don't die of something else first eventually see their hormone therapy stop working. At this point, the patients are classified as having Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC). CRPC is the target disease for Dendreon, Johnson & Johnson, Medivation, Exelixis, and several others so this is where all the action is. The urologist continues to monitor the patient as their PSA rises. The increase can be slow, lasting months. Urologists continue to "own" this patient.
Oncologists are still not involved.
A small minority of urologists will perform regular scans on their patient to monitor the spread of the disease. Most do an initial scan after the PSA starts upward and only do additional scans when the patient complains of symptoms. Urologists engage in "watchful waiting" to see how the disease develops.
Oncologists are still typically not involved.
Prostate cancer usually spreads first to bone. At some point, the patient's condition deteriorates enough that the urologist knows additional therapy is necessary. This is usually due to pain. If the pain is isolated, the urologist will refer the patient out for radiation treatment to "quiet" spot pain caused by tumor growth. The radiologists return those patients to the urologist's control after that procedure.
Only when the patient is broadly metastatic and symptomatic will the urologist refer the patient to an oncologist. Once that happens, the urologist "loses" the patient and the oncologist takes over.
Who "owns" the patient is important. From the patient perspective, they have a multi-year relationship with the urologists so there is a comfort level there. From the urologist perspective, the patient is a revenue source.
I acknowledge some of this is changing. There are integrated urology/oncology practices, but they are smaller in number. Younger and/or more forward-thinking urologists will consult oncologists when the patient first enters the CRPC stage. One of the biggest change agents is the availability of new drugs to be used instead of "watchful waiting." But for perhaps 70-80% of all prostate cancer patients, they never see an oncologist until they have widespread, symptomatic disease.
I also should say I don't necessarily fault urologists for their reticence in releasing patients to oncologists. Setting Provenge aside for a moment, most guys aren't going to take chemotherapy anyway, and then only when they are symptomatic. At this moment in time, and again setting aside Provenge, the behavior of the urologist generally matches with the treatments available.
The ownership of prostate patients by the urologist has significant implications for companies and investors.
In Part 2 tomorrow, I'll work through what this pathway means for Dendreon's Provenge, Medivation's MDV3100, Johnson & Johnson's Zytiga, and Exelixis' cabozantinib.
(See also the follow up to this article: Prostate Cancer Companies Suffer When They Ignore Urologists.)
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Contemporary European Foreign Policy
The book is structured around three parts. Part one provides a concise overview of the latest theories and concepts in this growing field of study and research. Part two assembles and reviews a series of contemporary issue areas including security and defense, economic foreign policy, diplomacy, national cooperation, human rights, and sovereignty. Part three mirrors and builds on Part two by providing an applied case study to each of the preceding topics.
Throughout the book the authors address and incorporate both the national and European Union levels of foreign policy and explore the complex interactions between the two.
The result is a book that will be essential reading for all students and researchers seeking a deeper understanding of European foreign policy today and the wider implications for future foreign policy analysis in politics and international relations.less
289 pages; ISBN 9781847871121
Read online, or download in secure PDF format
Title: Contemporary European Foreign Policy
Author: Walter Carlsnaes; Helene Sjursen; Brian White
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Thursday 10th September 2009 – Belgium
After the long walk of yesterday, and another sleepless night listening to snoring all night, I was feeling very tired and ached from head to toe, literally.
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The list of Republican convention speakers for tonight and tomorrow is dominated by moderate and liberal Republicans. Although I'm eager to hear John McCain, I'm not thrilled with the moderate tenor of the proceedings because I'm a conservative. The MSM isn't thrilled either, but its leading lights offer a different reason — they contend that the Republicans are concealing the true, conservative face of the party. I hope the MSM is correct that the true face of the party is conservative, but let's remember that this is President Bush's convention, not Tom Delay's. Thus, to the extent that one wants to evaluate the MSM charge of false advertising, the appropriate question is whether moderate speakers conceal the true face of George W. Bush.
The answer, I think, is that they don't. Though the MSM has chosen to portray Bush as a right-winger, the evidence doesn't really support this label. Sure, Bush is a "hawk" on foreign policy and the war on terrorism, but so are McCain, Rudy Giuliani, and Arnold Schwarzenegger (what Mayor Bloomberg's position is, I don't know). On most domestic issues, Bush is not especially conservative, as we have pointed out many times and as Terry Eastland shows here. For example, Bush has increased domestic spending, enlarged the federal role in public education, conferred a huge new prescription drug benefit, supported certain forms of race-based preferences in college admissions, proposed immigration reform involving something like amnesty, and attempted to carve out a middle ground position on federal funding of embryonic stem cell research.
The one issue where Bush is clearly to the "right" of tonight's leading speakers (and apparently his own Vice President) is gay marriage. But this disagreement over one issue (no matter how obsessed the media may be with it) is hardly grounds for claiming that, on balance, Bush is immoderate, much less for suggesting that featuring moderate speakers constitutes some sort of fraud on the voters.
The gall of the MSM is staggering. It pins a misleading label on the president, and then argues that he is misleading the electorate by not embracing its label.
HINDROCKET adds: While grabbing some dinner before heading back to the convention, I watched one of the local news shows. The announcer referred to Giuliani and McCain as "moderate Democrats"–a revealing slip of the tongue, I thought. This was followed by Peter Jennings' unctuous interview with John McCain, in which I kept waiting for Jennings' logical next question: "You really have to hold your nose when you say you support President Bush, don't you?" It never quite came, but the implication was very strong.
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