text:
Framed by the Eastern Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, Saint Lucia is an island of rare beauty steeped in fascinating history. Though possessing a population of fewer than 170,000 people (based on a 2005 census) and measuring only 239 square miles, this Windward Island of the Lesser Antilles has assimilated the numerous outside influences of its eventful past into a distinct national culture.
It is now thought almost certain that Christopher Columbus never actually alighted at Saint Lucia in 1499. However, colonial expansion would soon arrive at her shores in the form of European nations seeking trading outposts in the Caribbean. Facing resistance from the indigenous Carib rulers (who had triumphed in their struggle with the Arawaks centuries earlier), the European powers nonetheless continued to seek a strong foothold on the island.
This fierce competition ushered in a period of around 150 years (beginning in the mid-17th Century) during which Saint Lucia became a battleground for French and British armies. Possession of the island switched on numerous occasions before Saint Lucia was eventually ceded to the British in 1815. Saint Lucia remained a British possession throughout both world wars, and became an outpost for US troops in the 1940s. Though Queen Elizabeth II remains Head of State, the island gained full independence on February 22nd 1979 � a date recognised during yearly celebrations.
Though most islanders can also speak Kw�y�le (similar to French), the official language is English.
Saint Lucia's dry season runs from December through to May, during which time average temperatures range from around 21 to 29�C. The rainy season, running from June until November, boasts higher temperatures in addition to infrequent but very heavy downpours. Travelling during the latter season can reduce costs by upwards of fifty percent. Temperatures and humidity in Saint Lucia are often countered by North-eastern trade winds, making the heat somewhat more bearable for those unused to the Caribbean.
Things to see and Do
Belying its small size, Saint Lucia offers a number of attractions sure to please a whole range of visitors. Most resorts are situated along the western coastline of the island, leading up to the capital, Castries, in the North West. Almost entirely rebuilt several times in the past (the last occasion following a huge fire in 1948), Castries acts as the hub of Saint Lucia. It houses the government, the island post-office, and a buzzing (though not yet over-developed) tourist industry. Visitors are drawn to the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, situated close to Derek Walcott Square. Walcott's acceptance of the Nobel Prize for literature in 1992 has helped Saint Lucia to achieve its status as the world's most fertile breeding ground for Nobel Prize winners per head of population. Morne Fortune represents a highly interesting reminder of Castries' past need for strong fortification.
Saint Lucia can truly lay claim to some of the most beautiful natural scenery in the region. The iconic Piton Mountains which loom 2,000 feet over the south-western port of Soufri�re, are an absolute must, and contain the world's only drive-in volcano! Marigot Bay's natural harbour has an interesting past as a common hideout for pirate vessels. The island's central mountain range is adorned with lush rainforests nurturing rare species, fabulous wild orchids and giant ferns. These can be explored during rainforest walks, or even by car (should you be brave enough to tackle the hairpin bends). The Botanical Gardens are an equally enjoyable way to experience the unspoilt Caribbean habitat of the island. Be sure to catch a glimpse of the Jacquot, Saint Lucia's national bird.
Outside of Castries, Saint Lucia boasts several smaller but no less interesting towns and villages. The local cuisine is a delicious combination of Creole, French and West Indian influences. Definitely ones to try are the local lobster (or langoste), Saint-Lucian brewed Piton Beer, and famous Caribbean rum. It can all be sampled to a soundtrack of traditional calypso, zouk and reggae, and in smaller fishing villages, to the relaxing sound of the ocean. Gos Islet, a relatively new town and host to matches during the 2007 Cricket World Cup, holds a street party every Friday night for those seeking to show off their dance steps. Revellers may wish to practice their Quadrille before Saint Lucia's mid-July carnival, or attend the May-time annual Jazz Festival. Two of Saint Lucia's most enjoyable nightclubs are Indies and The Late Time. Alternatively visit the small sleepy port of Soufri�re, birthplace of Napoleon's Empress Josephine de Beauhamais, for a slice of the relaxed Caribbean.
An outing to Vieux Fort in the South is highly recommended, Saint Lucia's second largest settlement with a gorgeous Old Town area. The resort also hosts a surprisingly large fish market on Fridays and Saturdays, selling both familiar treats, along with a few types you probably haven't eaten before. Numerous craft markets, particularly in Castries, offer unique batik and silkscreen designs and further shopping desires can be indulged at Pointe Seraphine which boasts over 30 duty-free shops. No visit to St Lucia would be complete without going to some of the incredible beaches that characterize the island, blessed as they are with white sand and clear blue sea. Malabor, and the Choc and La Toc Beaches are just a few of the large number on offer. Such delightful coastlines have contributed to Saint Lucia's status as a honeymoon and wedding hotspot (nearly 10 marriages a day in 2006), but the beaches offer an equally big opportunity for less romantic exploits, such as water-sports (Anse de Feble is great for windsurfing) or snorkelling and scuba diving. The island also has three great golf courses.
As previously mentioned, Saint Lucia is something of a favourite for both newlyweds and couples in search of a romantic break. Although this is true, the island is similarly recommended for families and parties looking to enjoy both active vacations and more cultural excursions. Hence, Saint Lucian hotels require some research before booking as they look to target specific groups of people.
A reasonably wide variety of prices are in evidence, yet Saint Lucian hotels have good reputations for service and comfort, meaning that many of those on offer represent very good value. The Landera was recently voted the best hotel in the world by Cond� Nast, but for those on a tighter budget (which judging by the Landera's prices should be plenty), options remain plentiful. Hotels such as the Villa Beach cottages at Castries meet all but the most extravagant requirements.
Though many choose to stay self-catering or half-board, all-inclusive deals are becoming an increasingly popular for holidays in Saint Lucia. The island has a small number of hostels, of which the Bibs International Backpackers hostel comes with a seal of approval. Camping is also available at the Anse la Liberte.
Saint Lucia is served by two airports, the George FL Charles (or Virgie Airport) and Hewanorra International Airport, near Vieux Fort. Served by Caribbean Start and LIAT amongst others, the airport is about a one and a half hour drive from the capital, along the east coast road. Car hire is readily available in advance or on arrival, roads are generally of a high standard and St Lucians drive on the left hand side. Though there is no rail service on the island, there are good bus-links including those to and from the airport. By way of an example, the Castries to Gros Islet bus runs every 30 minutes and these vehicles can often be flagged down. Taxis are also cheap with no tipping necessary, but be sure to arrange a fixed rate upon getting in the car. Numerous ferries also link Castries to Fort-de-France and Soufri�re.
Other Useful Information
- Local healthcare is extremely expensive, so visitors should take out full health insurance for the duration of their stay.
- It is advised to drink bottled water in Saint Lucia.
- Hepatitis A and Tetanus jabs are required. Diptheira, Typhoid, TB, and Hepatitis B can sometimes be required, and this should be checked with your GP.
- Beachwear should not be worn in towns, and any camouflage clothing is illegal.
- There is a rising risk of violent crime in Saint Lucia, and the Foreign Officerecommends that vigilance by exercised with regard to this.
St Lucia High Commission
Mr. Emmanuel Cotter
High Commissioner
1 Collingham Gardens
London SW5 0HW
Tel: 0207 370 7123
Fax:0207 370 1905


text:
HONOLULU (AP) - Honolulu will be hiring a consultant to study ways the city can pay for nearly $5 billion in upgrades to its sewage and wastewater treatment systems. The yearlong study will follow in the wake of a consent decree the city recently entered into with the US Environmental Protection Agency.
The city has estimated the upgrades could require yearly 3% to 5% sewer fee increases for about 25 years. Possible alternatives include abandoning rates that can vary depending on usage in favor of a fix monthly sewer fee. There could also be rate relief for fixed and low-income customers.
The consultant is expected to be chosen next month, with the study getting under way in October.
Copyright 2010 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Moose celebrates the rise of the middle.
Across the board, the election has been correctly interpreted as the revenge of the center. The immoderate moderates smote the elephants because they have displayed incompetent incompetence and acted as dividers and not uniters. After the red-state blue-state divide, this year the voters were in a furious state.
Both parties are on probation with the electorate. Republicans were fired and Democrats were hired. But, unless they deliver for the vital center, their tenure could be brief.
Liberal commentator E. J. Dionne put it well today,
"...many of the party's successful candidates ran as moderates, and Democrats hold power on the basis of a loan of votes from middle-of-the-road Americans who simply could not stomach Bush Republicanism anymore. The loan can be recalled at any moment."
And conservative commentator David Brooks nailed to the door in the Times,
"Well, somebody's been on steroids, because on Tuesday the muscular middle took control of America. Say goodbye to the era of Rovian base mobilization. Say goodbye to the era of conservative dominance that began in 1980. On Tuesday, 47 percent of the voters were self-described moderates, according to exit polls, and they asserted their power by voting for the Democrats in landslide proportions."
Perhaps the President's greatest mistake was to fail to forge a new politics after 9/11 and unite the country for the long haul in the war against terror. Instead, in the 2002 midterms, he chose the Rovian politics of the base - and in 2006 that polarizing model cost Republicans control over Congress.
Democrats should not make the same mistake. That means actually working with the White House to achieve big things such as comprehensive immigration reform, energy independence and expansion of the military.
Democrats are no longer just an opposition party. Soon they will control the Legislative Branch. That means that they, unlike the Bush Administration, must have an occupation plan. Progress must be stressed over partisanship. Democrats must make alliances with Republicans to pass legislation to send to the President.
Ideologues of the right and the left take note - the center is inflamed and will not be denied. The immoderate moderates are not wedded to either party. They reward and punish regardless of party affiliation.
Hopefully, the two parties will begin getting their acts together. If not, there is always the Bull Moose! --


text:
I Want to...
Search the Health Library
Get the facts on diseases, conditions, tests and procedures.
Patient Care
I Want To...
I Want To...
Find Research Faculty
Enter the last name, specialty or keyword for your search below.
School of Medicine
Quick Links
Maps and Directions to Johns Hopkins Bayview
Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center
4940 Eastern Avenue
Baltimore, Maryland 21224
Driving Directions
Google Maps Directions to Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center »
Johns Hopkins Bayview is located on the eastern edge of Baltimore city, only minutes from the Baltimore County line. Driving directions also are available by phone at 410-550-5748.
From points south (including BWI Airport):
Take I-295 north to the Harbor Tunnel Thruway (I-895). After exiting the tunnel, take exit 12, Lombard Street. At the first stop light, proceed straight onto Bayview Boulevard.
Take I-95 through the Fort McHenry Tunnel to exit 59 (Eastern Avenue). Turn left onto Eastern Avenue and proceed approximately one mile to Bayview Boulevard on the right.
From points north and east:
Take I-95 south to exit 59 (Eastern Avenue). Turn right onto Eastern Avenue (west) and proceed approximately one mile to Bayview Boulevard on the right.
Take I-895 south to exit 12, Lombard Street. At the first stop light, turn right onto Bayview Boulevard.
Hotel Accommodations
For a full list of hotel accommodations in the surrounding area, please contact the Office of Patient Experience at 410-550-0626.
Request an Appointment
Maryland Patients
Already a Patient?
Traveling for Care?
Whether you're crossing the country or the globe, we make it easy to access world-class care at Johns Hopkins.
Outside of Maryland (toll free)
Request an Appointment
Medical Concierge Services
International Patients
Request an Appointment
Medical Concierge Services


text: ATTITUDES: EVERYBODY OBEYS RICH: Published on August 21, 2000. The New York Police launched a new phase of its recruitment campaign that features in one ad Ray Romano, star of CBS' "Everybody Loves Raymond," and his brother Rich, who's an NYPD sergeant. The effort, handled pro bono by Robert A. Becker/Euro RSCG, consists of personal stories from people who know New York police officers. Ads will appear in six languages and run in various ethnic publications. Copywriters: Jennie Fields, Roger Feuerman. Art director: Chris Amato. Most Popular In this article: Spotlight: Music


text:
Video: See our full interview with NASA legend Christopher C. Kraft
Ars Technica » Scientific Method 2017-12-06
Video shot by Joshua Ballinger, edited and produced by Jing Niu and David Minick. Transcript will be available shortly. (video link)
We've just kicked off our celebration of 50 years of Apollo, "The Greatest Leap," with the first of a seven-part series on the people and technology that put 12 humans on the Moon in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The first part, which we ran yesterday, examined the accident that claimed the lives of astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee—a tragedy known within NASA simply as "the Fire." The piece is based around dozens of hours of interviews with the men and women who were at NASA and witnessed the events as they happened.
It's the nature of documentary filmmaking that you always end up with more miles of footage than you can ever realistically use, and it felt like a tragic waste to let so much historically important discussion sit unseen in an archive somewhere. So, starting today and continuing over the next few weeks, we're publishing the full interviews with all of our Apollo stars. Think of 'em as DVD special features. The interviews are un-redacted and complete, though they have been cleaned up and very lightly edited to remove stuff like lighting changes, equipment adjustments, and bathroom breaks.


text: FISH stocks and populations of marine mammals and birds are declining in the Bering Sea region, where the biggest commercial fisheries in the United States overlap with a key migration area for whales, sea lions, walruses, and seals and some 200 bird species from all seven continents.Environmentalists say the ecological decline is a chain reaction to booming growth in the $1 billion-a-year US groundfish industry and unrestricted harvests in international waters. Government officials are warning the Bering Sea, the world's last great commercial fishing grounds, is being overharvested and some wildlife species dependent on the waters dividing Asia and North America could face extinction. Unrestricted harvests in the international zone controlled by neither the US nor the Soviet Union have devastated stocks in US waters off Alaska, state fisheries managers say. Because of stock reductions, commercial pollock fishing will likely be banned next year in the Bering Sea's Bogoslof region, a triangular fishery zone surrounding tiny Bogoslof Island in the Aleutian chain. The region usually accounts for 15 percent of the annual Bering Sea pollock catch. The 20,000-to-30,000-square-mile zone is usually harvested during the early part of the season, when fish are carrying the roe that is sold as an expensive delicacy in Japan. Bogoslof pollock stocks were down by 75 percent in September, according to the North Pacific Fishery Management Council. Alaskan officials put the blame for the Bogoslof declines squarely on the Japanese, Chinese, South Korean, and Polish fleets that for years have fished without restriction in the "Donut Hole the 50,000-square-mile international zone lying between US and Soviet waters. By some estimates, about 80 percent of the pollock in the Donut Hole originate in Alaska's Bogoslof region. Fearing for fish stocks within their own 200-mile exclusive economic zone limits, US and Soviet officials are pushing for a treaty that would sharply curtail what they say is overharvesting by the other four nations' fleets. The first session of negotiations between the six nations was held in February in Seattle; another session is scheduled later this month in Washington, D.C. David Bentson, international fisheries manager for the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, is one of the US negotiators. He says the four nations that fish the Donut Hole have rebuffed US and Soviet attempts to establish a management regime. US fisheries officials fear that stocks will be wiped out before they can put a Donut Hole management plan into place. "By the time the economics drives" the four nations out of the international waters, Mr. Bentson says, "they will have done real damage to our fishing resources." Through the first six months of this year, the Donut Hole pollock catch was 170,150 metric tons, less than half the 388,748 metric tons caught during the same period last year, according to the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Total Donut Hole pollock catches had jumped from 363,400 metric tons in 1985 to over 1.4 million metric tons in 1989, according to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Environmentalists, meanwhile, blame the US-flagged fleet of deep-sea trawlers for sharp declines among Steller sea lions and other marine mammals. Once plentiful along Alaska's rocky shores, Steller sea lions may be headed for extinction, scientists warn. If the huge mammal is placed on the endangered species list, that could shut down the entire groundfish industry, says Dick Merrick, a Seattle-based NMFS zoologist. Statewide, the population totals about 37,000, a decline of more than 70 percent since the mid-1970s. From the western Gulf of Alaska to the Aleutian Islands, the population has dropped about 85 percent since 1960, NMFS figures show. In the critical area stretching from the Kenai Peninsula to the central Aleutian Islands, the Steller sea lion population dropped another 5 percent in the past year, a NMFS survey this summer showed. The sea lions are particularly vulnerable because the remaining population is grouped in isolated clusters rather than spread out evenly over the region, Mr. Merrick says. Scientists this spring postulated that herring and capelin are the proper food sources for the sea lions, but they had to turn to pollock because of overaggressive harvests by the Japanese in the 1950s and 1960s. While NMFS declines to draw links between the groundfish industry and pollock decline, Greenpeace has not hesitated to do so. The environmental group sued NMFS unsuccessfully in US District Court in Seattle to block further pollock fishing in the Gulf of Alaska, where NMFS hiked the 1991 pollock quota by over 40 percent, from 73,400 to 103,400 metric tons. Scientists also are troubled by bird declines in Alaska's Pribilof Islands, a region famous among bird watchers for its huge colonies of rare species. The red-legged kittiwake, one of several species unique to the Bering Sea, is located almost entirely on St. George Island in the Pribilofs. But by 1989, the red-legged kittiwake population had dropped to about half its 1976 total of 250,000, an April US Fish and Wildlife Service study showed. The study, based on 1989 surveys, also discovered abnormally high reproductive failures among the more common black-legged kittiwakes, as well as a complete reproductive failure for both kittiwake species on St. George Island. To Larry Merculieff, an Aleut leader who grew up on neighboring St. Paul, the northern Pribilof Island, the scientists' focus on individual species understates the danger to the region's ecology. A former president of the village native corporation, state commerce commissioner, and now St. Paul's city manager, Mr. Merculieff argues that fish and wildlife declines and reproductive failures throughout the region are linked. He points to NMFS's measured 5 percent annual fur seal and harbor seal declines at St. George Island and throughout the area. This summer, St. Paul hosted a famous Soviet bird specialist who confirmed Merculieff's suspicions. Alexander Golovkin, head of the Soviet Union's endangered species program, concluded after three months on the island that the major bird species there have declined by 80 percent since the mid-1970s, and the reason is lack of fish. Merculieff says Mr. Golovkin also believes the Bering Sea holds four distinct stocks, each requiring different harvest times and limits. So federal fisheries officials are erring by managing Bering Sea pollock as a single fishery. "By managing them as a single unit, we increase the probability of overfishing certain stocks," Merculieff said. Nonetheless, the North Pacific Fishery Management Council, which sets area-wide fishing quota each December, may be pressured by seafood companies to expand the overall harvest. Demand and prices for surimi, the seafood paste made with pollock and other groundfish species, are up sharply. Some biologists worry that economic forces will overwhelm ecological considerations, and that the Bering Sea will go the way of the overharvested Atlantic. "What we're doing in the Bering Sea is analogous to cutting down the entire Costa Rican rain forest in a year," says a biologist here. "Humans are decimating the oceans, and no one cares."


text:
Popular Now
Popular Now
Popular Now
Popular Now
01803 865913
+44 1803 865913
By: Ewan W Anderson
342 pages, Maps
Provides a reorientation, while maintaining an essential continuity with WB Fisher's book of the same name, the seventh edition of which was published in 1978. A comprehensive account is provided of the physical and human geography of the region and, in this, certain sections from Fisher's book have been retained.
There are currently no reviews for this book. Be the first to review this book!
Your orders support book donation projects
Such prompt and efficient service is rare nowadays.
Search and browse over 110,000 wildlife and science products
Multi-currency. Secure worldwide shipping
Wildlife, science and conservation since 1985


text:
<<< << -- 3 -- Howard Smith FLAWLESSLY PERFORMED -- >> >>>
The relationship with Nazirova seems to have been one-sided, expressed largely through his letters to her. The correspondence began in April 1953 (the month after Stalin's death) and it soon tailed off. In 1954 Elmira received only five letters; in the following two years, only one each year. With the final letter (13 September 1956), Shostakovich told her of his second marriage to Margarita Kainova. Nina Vasilyevna Varzar, his wife while he wrote to Elmira, died in December 1954.
'Great composers have enshrined Clara Schumann, Meta Abegg, George Sand, Mathilde Wesendonck, Harriet Smithson, Kamilla Stosslova and others in their music,' wrote Huseinova. 'In the USSR such works were usually dedicated to Lenin, to the Party, possibly to friends or parents, but never to a woman who happened to have inspired them.'
The third movement marked Allegretto is a nocturne with two musical encryptions. Shostakovich's DSCH (D-natural, E-flat, C-natural and B-natural) 'signature', pervades the entire symphony from this point. Elmira's theme at concert pitch one fifth lower, has notes spelling out 'E A E D A'
[listen -- track 3, 3:44-5:26].
(It combined letter names with solfeggio syllables, transforming 'Elmira' into EAEDA). The motif, heard twelve times on the horn, has a recondite tonality lending Elmira an air of mystery.
Shostakovich himself noted the similarity of the horn motif to its parallel at the opening of Mahler's Das Lied von der Erde, a work which he had been listening to around that time. Over the course of the Allegretto, the DSCH and Elmira motif 'signatures' alternate, gradually drawing closer, and both are flawlessly performed for this recording.
Continue >>
For help listening to the sound extracts here,
please refer to our questions & answers page.


text:
Strolls in the park.
Charity walks.
Pet events, dog shows, dog washes, dog camps ...
When summer finally arrives, the opportunities for public interaction with dogs grows exponentially. Dog owners sign up for walks to raise money for various charities, break out the retractable leashes for strolls in the park, and scan the daily newspaper for doggy events where Fido will be welcome.
These warm weather occasions provide an extra dimension to dog ownership if Fido is healthy, well-socialized, and under control. They can end in disaster if the pooch isnt well-prepared for the experience.
All dogs taken out in public should walk nicely on a leash. This doesnt mean they should explore the world at the end of a retractable leash, it means they should walk quietly near the owner with slack in a six-foot leather or fabric (not chain) leash. The collar should be one that allows for comfortable control without causing the dog to choke if it becomes startled, frightened, or excited and pulls against the leash. Choices include a plain flat or round buckle collar, a prong collar, a chain or nylon slip collar, a martingale collar, or a head halter. Harnesses encourage the dog to pull and provide little control if a problem arises.
All dogs taken out in public should be adequately protected against diseases. This means that puppies under the age of 16 weeks should remain at home unless cleared for the activity by a veterinarian, and adult dogs should receive vaccinations required by law and recommended by the dogs doctor.
All dogs should be adequately identified with a license tag, a name and address tag, a microchip, or a tattoo. Owners should realize that any dog found in public without a license tag is in violation of law in most areas that can result in a fine and a citation to court.
People should always ask if its OK to pet a dog, and owners should always ask if its OK that dogs greet each other.
Most dogs are protective of their home turf against strange dogs and people but are friendly towards people and other dogs on neutral territory. However, its never a good idea to assume that a dog will welcome the attention of children, adults, or other dogs.
Greeting behavior between dogs can be embarrassing to some owners, so its important to keep in mind that dogs have a different language than we do. Dogs dont shake hands and exchange banter when introduced, they sniff rear ends. Dominant dogs might rear up and place front paws on the shoulders of other dogs. Submissive dogs often solicit play as a greeting, and very shy dogs may try to run away. Aggressive and unsocialized dogs dont know how to do a proper greeting, so they may indulge in sustained lunging, barking, and growling when other dogs approach. Problems can arise even if the initial greeting goes smoothly. A stiffly-wagging tail, raised hackles, and tense muscles may signal that a dominant dog might be thinking about decking his new acquaintance
Shy or submissive dogs should not be forced or coaxed to interact with other dogs in a public setting. Most shy dogs will progress on their own as they gain confidence and learn that nothing bad will happen to them.
There are two inviolate rules for walking a dog in a public park: clean up any feces deposited on the trails and keep the dog on a leash.
Many parks provide plastic bags or disposable scoops for the job. If no such supplies are available at trail heads, a one-gallon plastic storage bag or an empty bread wrapper will do the trick. Simply place the bag over your hand, pick up the pile, invert the bag, tie off, and drop in a waste can. No waste can in the park? Double bag it and take it to the garbage can at home.
The temptation is great to let a dog off-lead in the park, but even a brief romp without control can result in major problems. Many people who use public parks dont want to be bothered by dogs, and some, especially children, are afraid of loose dogs, even small, friendly ones. Some dogs on a leash react badly to harassment by a yappy or growling or playful loose dog; if a fight ensues, it is invariably the larger dog that gets the blame, even if the larger dog was lawfully leashed.
Unleashed dogs also chase birds, squirrels, chipmunks, deer, and other wildlife that inhabit urban and suburban parks, often with disastrous results. The dog or the quarry might dart into traffic and cause an accident, the dog could catch and injure or kill the animal, or the dog could pick up disease-ridden ticks, get scratched by thorny brush, collect debris in its coat, or get lost.
These are fenced in areas where dogs can play and socialize off-leash while their owners chat with each other, sit and read, or enjoy the antics of their pets. Dog parks have rules; they usually require dogs to be friendly and owners to remain within the fenced area and clean up after their dog.
Events such as the June 9 Dog Fest in West Chester and the K-9 Jamboree on August 18 are becoming more and more popular. Schedules usually include demonstrations of dog obedience and other dog sports and jobs, contests for pets, and an opportunity to browse booths providing educational material, equipment and supplies, and information about shelters and rescue groups. Dogs are welcome at these events as long as the rules are followed.
Owners must be vigilant when dozens or even hundreds of dogs are milling around in a crowded area. Short leashes no more than six feet long that are tightly held are essential to prevent altercations, theft of a childs ice cream cone, jumping on people and dogs, and other unacceptable behaviors. Dogs dont need to be perfect ladies and gentlemen, but they do need owners who are willing and able to appropriately correct them when they exceed the boundaries.
sAll-breed dog shows, agility and obedience trials, lure coursing and herding events, and other competitions are open to the public but not to pets. In the vast majority of cases, only dogs that are entered in the event or are part of an exhibit or booth are allowed on the grounds.
These events are opportunities for dog owners to learn about various sports
and to chat with people who are involved, two things that are easier to do if
Fido is safe at home.
Everyone has hints for keeping Fido safe and cool in summer, and were no exception. Heres our list:
[More on summertime care]
This page is a part of the Dog Owner's Guide internet website and is copyright 2014 by Canis Major Publications. You may print or download this material for non-commercial personal or school educational use. All other rights reserved. If you, your organization or business would like to reprint our articles in a newsletter or distribute them free of charge as an educational handout please see our reprint policy.
|Related articles
|Related books
|Have you seen the rest of the Dog Owner's Guide articles on Manners & training? Don't miss the rest of our articles. Training, health, nutrition and more. . . .
|Looking for more information about Summertime socialization, Manners & training? See our list below, visit amazon.com or Dogwise, All Things Dog for those hard-to-find dog books!
|Dog Owner's Guide Related Articles
This is article 5 of 75 in the Manners & training topic.
Next Article: The taming of Tansy: Careful planning keeps last season's puppy from turning into this season's nuisance
Previous Article: How to socialize your puppy: Puppies need handling from day one
Related articles:
Table of contents for "Manners & training" only: This topic's table of contents
Site Topic and article lists:
Site topic list: Quick list of topics
Site table of contents: All Dog Owner's Guide articles, listed by topic
|Books of Interest
Looking for unusual dog books not easily available anywhere else?
Wondering what dog books are selling at Amazon?
Dog Owner's Guide, in association with AMAZON.COM, recommends these books for more information on . . .
Although we don't have any books specifically about this article perhaps the following books will be of interest.


text:
By next week President Reagan is expected to make the first move on accelerating natural-gas price deregulation. This sensitive subject, industry sources maintain, will be broached soon by the President's Cabinet Council on Natural Resources and the Environment. Then, the President will issue a general statement of principle while Congress tackles the legislation.
According to David H. Foster, president of the Natural Gas Supply Association , representing both major and independent supply organizations, the Senate will take up the issue despite the lack of enthusiasm by Sen. James A. McClure (R) of Idaho, chairman of the Energy and Natural Resources Committee. The legislation is expected to pass by a margin of 60-40, overcoming an anticipated filibuster by Sen. Howard Metzenbaum (D) of Ohio.
Getting House approval will prove to be a lot more difficult. Rep. John D. Dingell (D) of Michigan, head of the Energy and Commerce Committee, opposes it and could sit on the legislation. However, Mr. Foster maintains that the oil and gas industry has the votes to get the bill out of committee. At the moment, though, the industry reckons it doesn't have the votes to get it through the House. Mr. Foster says he is still optimistic and figures that by late March or early April of next year, assuming the Senate and House bills are relatively similar, the bills will be passed. If the President signed the bill on July 4, 1982, a possibility, phased accelerated deregulation of natural gas through 1985 would begin next summer.
Timing is crucial. If the bills languish, there is little chance Congress will take them up before the fall elections. Passage of them in the spring will mean consumers won't feel the bite until 1983.
If the President does decide to push for gas deregulation, it will relieve a lot of oilmen. They have found themselves in a bit of a ticklish position. According to John Bookout, the chairman of Shell Oil, the President's political advisers have been telling the President that natural-gas price decontrol would hurt the Republicans in the fall elections. Since the industry would like to support the President, they find themselves caught in the middle.
One appealing aspect of natural-gas deregulation to the President's advisers is the possibility of placing a windfall profits tax on it. According to Mr. Foster, the President has gone on the record in opposing such a tax, indicating he would veto it. However, such a windfall profits tax, his advisers point out, would go a long way toward balancing the budget.
If Congress does decide to place a windfall profits tax on gas, Herb Schmertz , vice-president, public affairs of Mobil Corporation, says he hopes they don't put the tax on newly discovered gas "since the whole idea is to encourage new exploration." Two years ago, he notes, Congress placed a windfall profits tax on new oil and in the last tax bill reduced it.
Remember the windfall profits tax?
This was the tax, President Carter told Americans, that would be levied on the oil companies in return for the deregulation of oil prices.
The tax revenues, the President said, would be placed in a series of trust funds to be used for mass transit and conservation (15 percent of revenues), helping low income families meet higher energy bills (25 percent) and for general tax cuts (60 percent).
In this fiscal year (ending Sept. 30), the government expects to collect $23. 5 billion in windfall profits taxes. None of this will go into any trust funds.
According to one government source in the Treasury department, the idea for the trust funds was scrapped along the way by the Senate when it finally passed the legislation. Instead, Congress decided the money should flow into the general treasury.
However, Congress also authorized the Treasury Department to set up a separate account, called account No. 0154, to keep track of the revenues. As of July 31 some $12.1 billion had been deposited in the account by the Internal Revenue Service. On a gross basis, the Treasury expects to see another $11.4 billion deposited for this fiscal year.
Because the amount actually deposited in the account appeared to be lower than expected, Rep. Benjamin S. Rosenthal (D) of New York decided to hold a hearing to find out if the Treasury was being cheated.
What they found was that there is a considerable time lag between imposition of the tax and the payment of it. According to a Treasury tax analyst, the actual funds deposited represent 2 1/2 quarters of tax receipts. However, Congressman Rosenthal's committee also found that the oil companies have paid more money than the Treasury expected, probably because of their cautious nature. On a net basis -- that is, after deductions for taxes paid on oil owned by the federal government -- the Treasury expects to collect $19 billion from the windfall profits tax this year.
According to one Treasury source, who attempted to abolish any delusions, there is no formal earmarking for the funds. However, he does point out that the 1981 budget provides $5.4 billion for energy conservation and mass transportation, $2.9 billion for low income assistance for energy bills, and $11 .9 billion for income tax reductions, totaling about $20 billion. Thus, actual spending in these categories is slightly higher thantax receipts from the windfall profits tax. (However, appropriations for transportation totaled $26 billion in the 1982 budget, making the total for these categories $46 billion.)


text:
Associate Professor of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology
Tuberculosis: Mycobacterial Pathogenesis and Host Susceptibility

Tuberculosis kills 1.5 million people annually. Our laboratory aims to understand the intricate interplay between mycobacteria and their hosts using a combination of model organism genetics, human genetics, pharmacology and high-resolution microscopy. By identifying key pathways utilized by the infecting bacteria and the host innate immune system, we hope to discover new therapeutic targets and interventions to combat this enduringly destructive disease.

Using a Mycobacterium/zebrafish model, we have identified new host susceptibility loci for tuberculosis. Zebrafish are natural hosts to Mycobacterium marinum, the closest relative of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Because zebrafish embryos and larvae are optically transparent, we are able to visualize the complex details of mycobacterial pathogenesis in whole, live animals. The facile genetics of the zebrafish allow us to map and positionally clone affected host susceptibility genes. In addition, zebrafish larvae are remarkably permeable to small molecules, providing a platform for whole-animal pharmacological manipulation of specific host immune responses.

We have identified novel pathways that modulate susceptibility to tuberculosis. We have shown that genes identified in the zebrafish model are also important in human tuberculosis. We find robust associations of human variants in a specific eicosanoid pathway with susceptibility to both tuberculosis and leprosy.

We have active collaborations in both Vietnam and Guatemala. In Guatemala, we are working with the Clínica Familiar Luis Angel García and the Asociación de Salud Integral to support projects involving HIV-infected patients and to understand the dynamics of TB transmission in Central America.


text:
About a year and half ago, Ed Skudder came up with the idea to crowdfund a Dick Figures movie. I'd just been apart of a failed Kickstarter effort, but at Mondo we were watching the remarkable rise of Skudder's animated series. It was becoming a phenomenon, and we'd even started spotting some fan tattoos. So we all quickly got behind Ed's plan, and by mid-summer we'd all set the Kickstarter record for an animated project with over $300,000 in fan donations. The audience had spoken and the feature film, titled Dick Figures The Movie, was now officially under way. Six Point Harness kicked in some additional funds, and the course was set to produce a full-length animated feature. Yesterday the 5,600 Kickstarter backers and the rest of the world got to see the result, and after only 24 hours the 73-minute feature is up to #16 on iTunes. This Flash-animated feature joins other notable Feature-length projects that utilized Adobe's software, including Sita Sings the Blues and Waltz With Bashir, both very innovative projects.
The distribution model for DFTM is also innovative, employing YouTube as the centerpiece of the strategy. We're releasing the full movie in chapters, once-per-week for 12 weeks, each time asking the audience "can't wait to see how it ends, go rent or buy here." And it's working. Just this morning, we hit #16 on the iTunes movie chart, eclipsing animated films with massive budgets like Epic and Despicable Me. Huge thanks to all of the Kickstarter backers and to everyone who is now renting or buying on iTunes, Google Play, Amazon and our own site mondomedia.com. Here's the trailer, and you can also rent the movie right here on the site!
Yekra Player
Yekra is a revolutionary new distribution network for feature films.
"Dick Figures The Movie" tells the story of Red and Blue, best friends turned enemies, who hunt for The Great Sword of Destiny in order to save the world… and their friendship.
There are no comments yet, add one below.


text:
What Are Your Early Predictions In These Categories For Dancing With The Stars Season 17?
E Online has posted their "early predictions" for Dancing With The Stars Season 17!! You can read them below in selected categories. For fun, Heidi thought it would be cool to make our early predictions too in the same categories. You can read them below and be sure to let us know your early predictions in these categories as well in comments. Also, and on a related note, Courtney will be making her seasonal Pre-Power Rankings post soon. So, be watching out for that post too and be thinking of your rankings to post when the time comes. Lot's of fun things coming up. Ok, read on….
First Eliminated: Bill Engvall. Though the comedian probably has quite a few fans in Middle America, we're expect that his dance moves (or lack there of) will lead him to an early demise.
Most Dramatic: Elizabeth Berkley. We're basically expecting a toned-down version of Showgirls. Look alive, FCC.
Biggest Surprise: Snooki. While she may be best known for grinding on guido gorilla juiceheads in the club, Snooki has a history in cheer and dance that we think will serve her well.
Winner: Bill Nye
What? We can dream, right?!
Bill Nye GIF
Real Top Three:
3. Christina Milian
2. Keyshawn Johnson
Winner: Corbin Bleau
First Eliminated: I'm going with Bill Engvall. I don't think I've ever heard of this guy? Right now, I can't see him going far. I hope I'm wrong because I want to see how well Emma Slater can teach. I was really impressed with all of her dancing appearances over the summer and she's made me a fan.
Most Dramatic: My bet is we're going to see Snooki turn on the dramatics and I'm not sure I'll be able to take it if that's the case. 😯 Like above, I hope I'm wrong because, like with Emma, I'm curious to see how well Sasha will do as a teacher and choreographing routines for he and a celeb.
Biggest Surprise: I've been receiving and reading some Amber and Derek hate at twitter. Some think she'll be a loser for Derek this time because of her weight issues. I think the haters couldn't be more wrong. Amber is going to surprise a lot of people. She has the entertainment and likable factor in spades….not to mention the Glee Vote. With Derek working his magic and the Fox totem he is (ability to blend in with anyone), watch out! I also think Brant Daughtery might surprise a lot of people and do really well especially if Peta can pull out the tricks with him like Donald.
Winner: At first, I was going to go with Corbin Blue. All the winning elements are there. However, after watching the new ESPN interview with Keyshawn Johnson, I'm going with him instead. I think Keyshawn has the likable factor, he's funny, and he can make people feel good. If he can dance good like other football players in the past, watch out!! I think Elizabeth Berkley could do really well if they bring on the passion and stick to technique. I also think Christina will do really good too. And like I wrote above, watch out for Amber. Right now, I think she's the "dark horse" and will go far.
First eliminated: Seems like a lot of people are pegging Bill Engvall as the first to go – but I'm thinking he might actually last a few weeks even if he's pretty bad, due to the popularity of Blue Collar Comedy Tour with middle-aged women of the conservative persuasion. I'm actually thinking it might be Snooki. I wonder if Snooki is going to suffer from the same "MTV Syndrome" that The Situation & Audrina suffered from, where they just had a fanbase that couldn't really be bothered to tune in and vote. Sure, The Situation lasted a few weeks, likely based on his surprising likeability and the fact that Jersey Shore was at the height of its popularity back when he did DWTS; but now that Jersey Shore is over, are there really that many Snooki fans who are invested enough to tune in? And how much of a fanbase is Sasha going to bring with him? I think all of the celebs with new pros may be at a slight disadvantage, just due to the fact that their pros' fanbases haven't really been tested yet.
Most Dramatic: Ok, I confess: Showgirls is one of my top 3 guilty pleasure films (the other two being Con Air and Sister Act 2), because it's so awesomely bad that it's actually really fun to watch – especially if you watch it on VH1 and it's been heavily edited to be tv-appropriate…I'm talking ridiculously toned down language (think "freak" instead of the f-word, and "crap" instead of the s-word) and CGI bras covering the many sets of bared breasts throughout the film. It's ridiculously funny…but probably the best part is the fact that Elizabeth Berkley seemed to take that role SO SERIOUSLY even though it was borderline farcical. For that reason, I'm going to say she's going to be this season's most dramatic – I'm fully expecting her to go all Nomie Malone in she & Val's paso doble. She really seemed to take on a certain intensity after leaving Saved by the Bell, perhaps to try & shed the goody-goody image of Jessie Spano…her recurring role on CSI: Miami was pretty intense as well.
Biggest Surprise: I've been hearing a lot about Bill Nye having some previous ballroom experience (more on that later), and that he's really excited to do the show. Also seems as though Tyne comes with really high praise from both Hough siblings, so maybe she's just a really good teacher…for that reason, I think Bill may really pleasantly surprise people this season, much the same way Andy did last season.
Winner: I think the Corbin-Karina combo is probably going to be hard to beat – not only because I think she's the strongest female pro and that he's probably got the most natural talent, but because they seem to get along really well right off the bat, too. Chemistry is something that can be hard to develop, so if a couple can generate it quickly, more power to 'em. I think Amber & Derek and Christina & Mark could probably give them quite a run for their money, though – maybe even Elizabeth & Val, too.
First Eliminated: Peta's partner. See, I don't even remember his name without looking. 😀 But since he's cute I bet he makes it through at least one elimination. Cuz she'll sex it up for sure and way too many people buy into showmances. So my real pick for first eliminated is the comedian. Unfortunately.
Most Dramatic: Totally with Courtney on this one – Elizabeth. Just based on her entrance into GMA alone. Well, that and her comically lifted face. Step away from the knife, honey. 🙂 Pair her with Val and warm up your gag reflex – I don't think he'll be able to help himself and she won't stop him using the ooey gooey showmance angle. I'll be happy to be wrong.
Biggest Surprise: Honestly, I think the only people who are going to be surprised by Amber are the same stupid haters that always gloat when Derek gets someone they consider to be a guaranteed loser. Nah, I think most people expect her to do reasonably well. I think the biggest surprise is going to be a toss up between Snookie and Bill Nye Science Guy. 🙂 Bill has indeed been taking swing lessons for a long time. As for Snookie, I'm already surprised by her.
Top 3: It's going to be some combination of Corbin, Christina and Elizabeth – those that could be ringers. 🙂 I think Corbin/Karina will come out on top as the winner AND the ringiest ringer of the season. Okay by me! I like a good ringer. Except when Val has one. His tendency to act superior and gloat always comes out.


text:
Posts Tagged 'date sites in kenya'
That is where the email chain finishes. I spun my chair around and pulled my wife into my lap. I could confirm she was nervous, as Jonathan had basically told her that he was coming over that weekend to summon up on his winnings and would be staying in our sporting house.
We workout everyday, to keep our bodies toned and attractive and I get extremely horny after cardio. But we aren't those male/female gym bunnies either, we just like to stay fit.
professional lesbian dating site dried fruit & nuts dating site for fat women
Read the rest of this entry »


text:
Kester Black
or 6 weekly interest-free payments of $3.83 What's this?
Kester Black Barbie
Candy pink nail polish.
15 mL / .5 Fl Oz
10-Free – free from formaldehyde, toluene, DBP, camphor, formaldehyde resin, xylene, parabens, fragrances, phthalates, and animal derived or tested ingredients.
Kester Black has also never used ingredients ethyl tosylamide, triphenyl phosphate or xylene.
Cruelty free, vegan, made in Australia.
Water permeable and breathable nail polish.


text:
Welcome to Airport London Escorts agency, one of the top class escort agency offering escorts girls services in London and all over United Kingdom. We have all stunning and Elite,sexy models girls from all over the world, select your best choice girls for quality time. We have a updated gallery page on our website where you can have a look at photos of our agency girls.
Aulton Pl, London SE12 4AG and mail id with
Call us
Email us
© 2017 airportlondonescorts.co.uk All rights reserved


text:
Prices, specials, features and availability subject to change.
Our property is conveniently located near freeways, shopping venues, restaurants, and schools. The beautiful grounds of the apartments feature lush landscaping. Rental units include the following great amenities: spacious floor plans. No Pets Allowed.
12 - 14 month lease terms.
No Pets
470 units
Check Availabilityor call
Good Administration So Far
February 05, 2014
Monday-Thursday: 9:00am-6:00pm
Friday: 9:00am-5:00pm
Saturday-Sunday: 10:00am-4:00pm
Park Parthenia Properties
Your message has been sent. This property will be saved on My Saved Properties.
Don't have a Rent.com account? Create one.
Creating an account allows you to acccess your saved and contacted properties on any device. Already have an account?
Log In
We are experiencing technical difficulties at the moment. Please try again later.


text:
The pension funds are grateful to smokers, no more to pay out.
LOWER TAXES: The state derives colossal revenues from the - non dissuasive - taxes on tobacco. If smokers did not pay these taxes, other people would have to foot the bill.
The generous and significant contribution of smokers lowers income tax for the other people, who are very grateful.
ABORTION or MISCARRIAGE: for women, guaranteed by the state.
For men, sperm degenerescence, together with a relatively humiliating examination: spermatography.
MORE RESEARCH: Society must find remedies. It therefore creates laboratories which have to be built: Which boosts the building trade.
Scientists, secretaries, accountants and a complete administrative infrastructure are required.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE MORTUARY SECTOR: Undertakers, florists, monumental masons.
PREMATURE INFANT DEATH: If all other contraception means have failed, do not lose hope, smoke!
This recommendation is valid for both the mother and the father.
The baby will remain the sole heir of this act of love and sharing.
Tobacco affects the respiratory reflex centres during sleep. And if everything goes according to plan, the baby dies prematurely. Big savings on the reduction in education costs, savings which can be reinvested in tobacco, of course!
100 % profit!
Smokers through away the empty packets any old place in the countryside. This creates job to pick them up.
Smokers contribute to reforestation, after throwing away their cigarettes without putting them out, setting fire to centuries-old forests.
They also contribute to the renewal of the fauna, since not all species manage to escape the fire.
Thousands of firemen and women remain alert, often isolated, on their guard for the outbreak of fire.
Some lose their lives, leaving behind women and children, but they had decided to be firemen, and it is so rewarding to sacrifice one's life for irresponsible people.
I AM FULL OF ADMIRATION FOR SMOKERS: Who have had this strength of character to start smoking in spite of the social barriers against it.
Personally, I admit, I am weak and have no willpower and I have never had the courage to start, but while there is life there is hope!
GOD BLESS THE JOINT: For those people who want to save time and avoid smoking all day long, it has just been proven that one joint is the equivalent of 20 cigarettes.
This is a super-quick way to go to heaven, why do without it!
The process can be speeded up by adding tobacco to this delicious blend, but this is a friendly tip and you enter the third dimension!


text:
PS It did not occur to me as I wrote this until an anonymous comment was made saying that asking to link back to this post was self profiting. However I appreciate that it could be seen as so I have made it an optional rule but would REALLY appreciate it if you did link back so people could read what this badge is about and what it means to use it !!
PPS Anyone who comments confirming they wish to participate and would like a link to their site added to this post please email me your blog url to firstname.lastname@example.com and I'll add your site to this post
A Small Holding
Belleau Kitchen
Carmelas Kitchen
Charlottes Kitchen Diary
Chilli and chai
Corner Cottage Bakery
Exploits of a food Nut
Farmers girl
Goddess On a Budget
Grazing Kate
Lavender and Lovage
L'heure du The
Pebble Soup
Magnolia Verandah
Marks Veg Plot
Misk cooks
Not Just any old Baking
The Hungry Manc
the secluded tea party shhh
Vanessa Kimbell


text:
Date: February 10, 2018
Expired Ad
This ad expired onmore_vert
March 12, 2018 (225 days ago)
March 12, 2018 (225 days ago)
Diamondville Collision Center
Call (307) 248-3495Directions
Get directions to this
location on Google Maps.
location on Google Maps.
Diamondville Collision Center 307-877-3860 Collision and paint on trucks, buses, cars ranch equipment, big rigs & trailers Rental Car Service Available Terry Rodgers Jeremy Rogers 201 Sublet Avenue, Diamondville, Wyoming 83116


text:
Need A Wave Analytics Expert
Budget ₹12500-37500 INR
We are looking for a Wave Analytics Developer with 2-3 years of experience.
5-10 Big projects implementations which can be verified.
Reports using JSON on Wave Analytics platform
Reports on data outside salesforce.
Immediate availability to start the work and should be available for few hours in PST timezone.
Clear communication skills.
6 freelancers are bidding on average ₹30462 for this job
Hello, We are an IT [login to view URL] get [login to view URL] can help you. Relevant Skills and Experience vast experience in Big data. Proposed Milestones ₹27777 INR - cost
Hello There, I've some experience in wave and can assure you to get this job done with availability in PST time zone as well, would be interested in knowing more details. Regards, Ashish Boori Relevant Skills and Exp More
Hi, Dear Client! I am very good at this area and it is piece of cake for me I can do it perfectly as per your want and can be strict in time. Looking forward to hearing from you soon Relevant Skills and Experience Goo More


text:
Luxury and niche beauty brands coming soon! Gift wrapping, Gift Certificates & Express Delivery available.
Santali 100% Cashmere Lounge Socks
Beautifully soft, seam free, ribbed socks in 100% cashmere, perfect for bedtime, lounging or in flight cosiness and comfort.
Seam free, tube design, approximately 42cms long to fit all sizes.
A wonderful, luxurious gift.
Available in: Vanilla, Hibiscus Pink, Soft Dove, Graphite and French Navy


text:
Understanding the challenges in HEV 5-cycle fuel economy calculations based on dynamometer test data
Downloads: 94
Downloads: 907
Meyer, Mark J.
MetadataShow full item record
EPA testing methods for calculation of fuel economy label ratings, which were revised beginning in 2008, use equations that weight the contributions of fuel consumption results from multiple dynamometer tests to synthesize city and highway estimates that reflect average U.S. driving patterns. The equations incorporate effects with varying weightings into the final fuel consumption, which are explained in this thesis paper, including illustrations from testing. Some of the test results used in the computation come from individual phases within the certification driving cycles. This methodology causes additional complexities for hybrid electric vehicles, because although they are required to have charge-balanced batteries over the course of a full drive cycle, they may have net charge or discharge within the individual phases. The fundamentals of studying battery charge-balance are discussed in this paper, followed by a detailed investigation of the implications of per-phase charge correction that was undertaken through testing of a 2010 Toyota Prius at Argonne National Laboratoryâ s vehicle dynamometer test facility. Using the charge-correction curves obtained through testing shows that phase fuel economy can be significantly skewed by natural charge imbalance, although the end effect on the fuel economy label is not as large. Finally, the characteristics of the current 5-cycle fuel economy testing method are compared to previous methods through a vehicle simulation study which shows that the magnitude of impact from mass and aerodynamic parameters vary between labeling methods and vehicle types.
- Masters Theses [18256]


text:
Issuance of the Resona Group's CSR Policy
The Resona Group defines "CSR Management" as "contributing to the creation of a sustainable society." To further strengthen the development of its CSR activities, the Group has issued its "Group CSR Policy in August 2011 based on ISO26000." In addition, the Group sets objectives for its CSR activities each year and is working to strengthen its CSR promotion systems with the aim of creating an organization that can respond to a wide range of social issues as quickly as possible.
The Group cherishes "relationships with customers," "relationships with shareholders," "ties with society," and "employees' dignity and personality." To win the support of all its stakeholders, the Resona Group makes use of its management resources to conduct various CSR-related activities.
Group CSR Promotion System
To substantially strengthen and improve the Resona Group's CSR activities, which are one of our most-important business issues and increasingly demanded by society, we have formed "the Group CSR Committee," which meets periodically.
The Group CSR Committee is chaired by the president of Resona Holdings, and its members include the presidents of all other Group banks. CSR activities are conducted through this committee using a variety of the Group's management resources.
Participation in Global Initiatives
UN Global Compact
|Human Rights
- 1.We will incorporate ESG issues into investment analysis and decision-making processes.
- 2.We will be active owners and incorporate ESG issues into our ownership policies and practices.
- 3.We will seek appropriate disclosure on ESG issues by the entities in which we invest.
- 4.We will promote acceptance and implementation of the Principles within the investment industry.
- 5.We will work together to enhance our effectiveness in implementing the Principles.
- 6.We will each report on our activities and progress towards implementing the Principles.


text:
Our new products from early 2018
are in the
section now
Prices on our website DO NOT INCLUDE VAT sales tax.
20% VAT will be added at checkout for all UK and EU customers.
You may also like...
PaperArtsy, Creaseys Farm, Church Lane, Brentwood, Essex. CM13 1RZ ENGLAND ~ VAT # 872804605


text:
When it comes to dishing on your pet's dinner, there may be few veterinarians with as much knowledge on their plate as Dr. Joe Bartges. A Professor of Medicine and Nutrition at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, and board-certified in the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine and the American College of Veterinary Nutrition, Dr. Bartges has long had an interest in animal nutrition — even before it existed as a specialty field.
Dr. Bartges received his DVM from the University of Georgia in 1987, and completed a PhD and a dual residency in medicine and nutrition at the University of Minnesota in 1993. He holds the Acree Endowed Chair of Small Animal Research at The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine. Dr. Bartges enjoys emphasizing nutrition in the management of pet health through his research, teaching and of course, at home with his 12-year-old Boxer, Buddy.
policies by AGCS Marine Insurance Company, an Allianz company
Visit your vet at least once a year to keep your pet protected from preventable diseases.
The information contained in this website is for illustrative purposes only and coverage under any pet insurance policy is expressly subject to the conditions, restrictions, limitations, exclusions and terms of the policy documentation issued by the insurer. Availability of this program is subject to each state's approval and coverage may vary by state.
iHeartMedia and associated personalities are paid endorsers of Petplan. Petplan insurance policies are administered by Fetch Insurance Services, LLC (Fetch Insurance Agency, LLC in Michigan), d/b/a Petplan (Petplan Insurance Agency, LLC in California) and underwritten by XL Specialty Insurance Company, which carries the rating of A+ by S&P, and AGCS Marine Insurance Company, a member of the Allianz Group, (rated A+ A.M. Best). Coverages may not be available in all jurisdictions. Information accurate as of August 2017.
Copyright © 2017 Fetch, Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
Coconut Oatmeal Raisin Cookies
These are our all time favourite oatmeal cookies. It started off as a basic oatmeal cookie, and over the years, has evolved into this. They are easy...
salt, +baking soda, +butter, +coconut, +brown sugar, +eggs, +flour, +raisins, +rolled oat, +vanilla extract, +water
Maple Raisin Oatmeal Cookies
"My five children love maple and brown sugar oatmeal, so I decided to add those ingredients to my oatmeal cookies. The first time I made them, they vanished...
salt, +baking soda, +brown sugar, +butter, +cinnamon, +eggs, +flour, +maple flavored extract, +oats, +raisins, +sugar
Chewy Oatmeal, Raisin, Pecan Cookies
This is by far one of the best oatmeal cookie recipes that I have ever made! The cookies are plump, chewy, and full of crunchy pecans and raisins. The...
salt, +baking powder, +baking soda, +brown sugar, +eggs, +cinnamon, +honey, +oats, +pecan, +raisins, +butter, +vanilla extract, +flour, +sugar
Beth's Spicy Oatmeal Raisin Cookies
"With a little experimenting, I came up with these chewy, spicy, oatmeal raisin cookies. They make your kitchen smell wonderful while they are baking....
salt, +baking soda, +butter, +shortening, +cinnamon, +cloves, +eggs, +flour, +brown sugar, +raisins, +rolled oat, +vanilla extract, +sugar
Raisin Oatmeal Cookies
"A soft and chewy oatmeal raisin cookie. Easy to make and good to eat."
salt, +baking soda, +cinnamon, +eggs, +flour, +milk, +oats, +raisins, +shortening, +sugar
5 Spice Oatmeal Raisin Cookies
This is adapted from the Quaker oats Vanishing Oatmeal cookie recipe. I love oatmeal cookies, but most are too bland for me. My family gobble these up...
salt, +baking soda, +chinese five spice powder, +eggs, +sugar, +ginger, +brown sugar, +oats, +raisins, +butter, +flour, +vanilla extract
Grandma's Oatmeal Raisin Cookies
"Very moist (don't cook them too long), very rich in flavor, yet somehow not too heavy. Grandma's recipe! Even people who don't like oatmeal raisin...
salt, +allspice, +baking soda, +brown sugar, +cinnamon, +cloves, +eggs, +flour, +milk, +raisins, +rolled oat, +shortening, +vanilla extract, +sugar
Andrea's Oatmeal Raisin Cookies
I love oatmeal raisin cookies, but they HAVE to be homemade. This is the way I make them.
salt, +baking soda, +flour, +brown sugar, +milk, +oats, +raisins, +shortening, +vanilla extract
Vanishing Oatmeal Raisin Cookies
Oatmeal raisin cookie recipe from the Quaker Oats box. Bar cookie variation included.
salt, +flour, +baking soda, +brown sugar, +cinnamon, +eggs, +sugar, +margarine, +oats, +raisins, +vanilla extract
Oatmeal Raisin Cookies IX
"This is an oatmeal raisin cookie developed to use vegetable oil instead of solid fats. It is a slight modification of one with which I won first place...
salt, +baking soda, +brown sugar, +vegetable oil, +cinnamon, +eggs, +flour, +nutmeg, +raisins, +rolled oat, +vanilla extract
Can't find what you are looking for? Try our custom google recipe search:
Custom Search
Your Ingredients:
Legend: click ingredients to include or exclude
have this
need to use this
exclude this
Ingredient Informationsalt
AboutAbout Us
Contact Us
Privacy Policy
On the WebFacebook
Twitter Recipe Search Bot
ToolsAdd to your Website
Search alongside Google
Recipe Puppy for iPhone
Vegetarian Search
Vegan Search
MoreSubmit your Recipe
Cooking Q&A
Online Grocery Delivery
Restaurant Gift Certificates
Restaurant Coupons


text:
The support page is : Tusoporteonline.es
Our Services for Windows
– Fine tunning: We optimize your system to go faster, along with viruses and Trojans scan if your antivirus has not detected. This procedure usually takes about 1h.
– Cleaning virus , (malware, trojans, Advertising windows).
– Error Messages , (printers, scanners, PC boot, Office…etc..).
– Create a network of two or more PC , although one is Windows 7 and the other XP.
– configure Wifi
– Installing antivirus free if it has or is out of date.
– Backup data in the cloud to have your data in a safe place.
Our Web Services
– Website Creation. Online stores, blogs, pages Company.
– Web analytics for SEO search engine optimization. We make an analysis and tell you if your website is optimized for proper indexing of their content on Google. Fill out the form from this blog computer news
– Creating logos for company web pages, Facebook, twitter.
– Repair hacked websites wordpress, prestashop, joomla, html ... repair your web to get it working again and we ensure that does not happen again.
Examples of websites already delivered to customers so they can see the quality:
The following website is dedicated to travel Resorts:
Web of reforms in Barcelona:
Web Services and real estate solutions, activities and works :


text:
Vocab activities for your classroom
Going on a Word Safari
I recently watched John Pollack's YouTube video of his "pun safari" where he combed the streets of New York City trying to spot images of puns (such as the restaurant sign "Ciao for Now" and the waitress's "Bored of Education" T-shirt). Even though I find this kind of humor a bit painful, the video did support Pollack's call for awareness that "puns are everywhere." The video also made me think about how useful it could be to challenge students to take their own "word safaris" to document the prevalence of the words they are learning.
We all know the sensation of what it's like to learn a new word, and suddenly that word seems to pop up everywhere. Of course, you have been exposed to that word repeatedly, but only when you commit it to memory do you become aware of how common it is. That's what sending your students on a word safari can do for them; it can contribute to a sense of word consciousness, and they will begin to see the words they are learning all around them.
A word safari doesn't need to take to the streets like Pollack's pun quest did (although it could). You could send your students on a word safari via the Internet. In a recent vocabulary class I was teaching, students were stuck on the word lithe. They just couldn't remember its meaning as "moving and bending with ease." I displayed lithe's Visual Thesaurus word map on the SMART Board and by right-clicking on the word and performing an image search, my students were struck by the various images of women bending with ease in exercise routines. We even discovered a web site for "The Lithe Method" — an exercise studio that promises to deliver lithe bodies.
The discovery of The Lithe Method led to a discussion about how companies choose brand names. Students were surprised to learn that branding experts often use a thesaurus to help them come up with apt and appealing words for their products. With this idea in mind, choosing a word map chock full of "attractive adjectives" could be a starting point for a fun word safari for words used in brand names. Using the words in a particular word map, challenge students to find products that take advantage of those words' positive connotations to lure consumers. Here is a word map for svelte that is annotated with the brand names I found during my ten-minute word safari:
In my ten minute Google search, I discovered products using seven out of the ten words in this svelte word map. A discussion prompt like "Why didn't I find products with slight in their brand names?" could generate an interesting discussion about shades of meaning, connotation, and sound. Would you rather be called slender or slight? Even though these words may share similar definitions, slight has a neutral or negative connotation while slender packs a positive connotation. Would someone really want to brand a body wrap as "suddenly slight"?
Of course, a word safari doesn't have to be virtual. Sending students to literature anthologies, to song lyrics, to the mall, or even to the grocery store with the mission to find a set of particular words will accomplish the same goal — to help students understand the words' nuances and to help them realize that they may have been overlooking those word all along.


text:
In the U.S. today, each state is supposed to be divided into congressional districts that represent a cross-section of voters. That is rarely the case anymore as former Congressman Tom Davis explains in this video from this year's Delta Council annual meeting. Davis says the 2012 presidential election will probably come down to a few hotly contested battleground states.
Hide comments


text:
How you can Simply Generate Several candle holders for tables
There are plenty of approaches you can do to make your home lovely in addition to completely different from another house. You can it's possible decide on the unique color scheme for your wall space color or maybe use strange furniture. But when you dont want to end up difficult having re-decorating, you might need to choose to have the candle holders for tables in your house. Because brand recommends, right here is the issue which can be used that will put several wax lights in in addition to accentuate the suites as part of your house.
Along with actually could be a very excellent main point of design inside of a room. While using the accurate wax luminous members, you may create an exceptionally tasteful atmosphere lighting effects inside the house. Whenever you can also use fragrant wax luminous, the suites inside your home may even get rid of terrible odours as well as cozy regarding the whole family. Here are some candle holders for tables tips that you'd like to make in your own.
1.Wooden Tree stump candle holder
If you do not similar to the idea of spending your funds regarding a little something simply by in addition to candle holder, you can actually help make your individual by using a tree stump of the wood. You will simply will need an item of timber journal that ought to be extended in addition to adequate enough to help search a hole in it. Generally, the slots will be help make assisting the tree stump, therefore you need to split the records didn't remember the words to help have the candle holders for tables. And then, with a couple diy equipment, you'll be able to search mid-sized slots assisting the journal that ought to be adequate enough for your candles. Work with a recycled may assisting the slots to help stop the wax lights getting rid of the wood.
2.Crocheted Wine glass candle holder
In case you can do several crocheting pattern, it will also be any good strategy to make wax luminous owner having crochet. Just for this, you'll need to employ a taller a glass within the crochet because spot for your wax lights as well as stop the wax lights getting rid of the threads. The best thing about this specific strategy to help have the candle holders for tables is that you could even make the behaviour that you like. This will likely certainly create your candle holder being a much bigger distinct in which others men and women have.
3.Printed Bare concrete candle holder
If you are not an exceptionally practical man or women or maybe old-fashioned timber candle holder will not suit you, you may also use bare concrete in your wax luminous holders. This particular requires any mold regarding this place that you may assemble the bare concrete in. Guarantee that the side in the mold has now behaviour upon it to help have the branded bare concrete far more beautiful. You can even color the wax luminous owner making it far more personalized. Last thing you must also know if you desire to make several candle holders for tables is usually that you can pick the engineered to be suited for your house decoration. Website that people as listed above can be very nice regarding old-fashioned topic house. In the mean time, the other you might proceed with all the chic design as well as last one bring present day topic houses.
You are viewing The Amazing and Also Beautiful Candle Holders for Tables Pertaining to Encourage, picture size x posted by Keylor at July 10, 2018. Don't forget to browse another image in the related category or you can browse our other interesting image that we have. Please also read our Privacy Policy and DCMA for the copyright of the images.
You are viewing The Amazing and Also Beautiful Candle Holders for Tables Pertaining to Encourage, picture size x posted by Keylor at July 10, 2018. Don't forget to browse another image in the related category or you can browse our other interesting image that we have. Please also read our Privacy Policy and DCMA for the copyright of the images.
Gallery of The Amazing and Also Beautiful Candle Holders for Tables Pertaining to Encourage
Tags: #candle holder table runner #candle holders for dining room tables #candle holders for dinner table #candle holders for tables #candle holders for wedding tables #candle holders on table #chandelier candle holder for tables #iron candle holders for table #metal candle holders for tables #table centerpiece candle holder


text:
The White Ribbon (2009)
This is less a standard movie review and more of a mini-essay on the theme of shame that is central to the film. Strange events happen in a small village in the north of Germany during the years just before World War I, which seem to be ritual punishment. The abused and suppressed children of the villagers seem to be at the heart of this mystery.
- Genre
- Historic drama
- Production year
- 2009
- Director
- Michael Haneke
- Male actors
Christian Friedel
General spoiler alert!
» Frederick Marx
by Frederick Marx
Shame – the bane of civilization
If you haven't seen Michael Haneke's THE WHITE RIBBON you should. It's amazing. I've never before seen a film so effectively X-ray an entire culture thoroughly permeated and debased by the toxic effects of shame.
The story concerns a small German village in the year 1913. A number of strange things are happening and no one can pinpoint why or who the culprits are. Children are beaten and abused, someone strings a concealed wire in front of a Doctor's horse, causing him serious injury, a barn is burned. Though the film never makes explicit who committed these crimes the implications for the future are clear: These are the seeds of activities that in 20 years time will create a society run by Nazis.
The internet dictionary tells us that shame is "the painful feeling arising from the consciousness of something dishonorable, improper, ridiculous, etc., done by oneself or another." I tend to think of shame as a personal feeling of inadequacy based on perceptions of wrong-doing. Shame's universally key net product is a negative self-image. "Because of x, I am a bad person." This is what distinguishes it from guilt. Guilt says I have done a bad thing. Shame says I did a bad thing therefore I am a bad person. Not hard to see which is worse.
Shame is the one basic emotion which distinguishes us from other animals. Unlike joy, sadness, fear, and anger which we share with all animals, shame is a unique construction of human beings. If you think about animals, well, they have no shame. Perhaps you can teach them shame, just as it is taught humans, but I think even that's debatable. Who's to say that your dog whimpers and cowers "in shame" after he's been punished for sniffing your girlfriend's crotch? More likely he's just sad and afraid because you're mad at him. We may say to him "bad dog!" but it's doubtful that the poor creature actually thinks "I am a bad dog. I should be ashamed."
Most psychologists distinguish between "toxic shame" and "healthy shame." I reject this notion and find all shaming energies abhorrent. Perhaps those same psychologists would agree with social theorists who argue that shame is a key building block of civilization. That without shame we'd all become debauched nihilists, solely pursuing our own pleasures. That without "healthy shame" we'd lie, cheat, steal, and worse. That without the negative motivation of "I better not do this, someone might find out" we'd abandon our consciences altogether.
I find this view of human nature cynical. I believe it's possible for human beings to be motivated positively, altruistically, not through fear of being shamed but through our deepest natural desire to see ourselves and others happy. I believe our happiness can be found awakening to the fact that we're all interconnected, that everything changes and passes away, that my happiness lies in helping others become happy, and that sympathetic joy – wishing for and doing well by others – may in fact be our deepest birthright. Buddhism insists that these things are so. But more important than Buddhism's insistence is the Buddha's personal invitation to – as my Zen teacher put it – "sit down and shut up," ie., meditate and experience these truths and joys directly for yourself. If you practice meditation on a retreat, for a long enough time with enough diligence, you will simply experience these things as indisputable facts. I personally guarantee it.
I would argue that shame is the greatest force of disequilibrium in any society. That it actually fosters contempt for self and others so toxic that it ultimately contributes to all forms of conflict and violence, including war. Michael Haneke might well agree.
To understand how social rituals of debasement and humiliation work, there's no better filmic study than THE WHITE RIBBON. People humiliating and shaming one another is the villagers' primary means of interaction. Husbands humiliate wives and mistresses, the aristocracy humiliates the professional class and the peasantry, and most relentlessly, almost all adults, regardless of gender or class, humiliate the children. The worst offenders by far are the men, the fathers, who humiliate their sons and daughters with clinical precision and thoroughness. The composite portrait on offer is a society soaked to its deepest core, through every social relationship, every human interaction, with fear and loathing resulting from shame. It is the fundamental wellspring of social control determining almost every single character's decisive behaviors.
Some critics have written about the film as if it's an open-ended thriller. It's true that the film itself keeps asking "who did it?" and never provides a definitive answer. But it's nonsense to say the film leaves a complete cipher as its outcome. Though it never announces who the culprits are, the film makes very clear exactly who it implicates in the crimes. On finishing, my wife and I felt with absolute certainty that we understood who was responsible.
The DNA encoding of shame insists on its never coming forward, never being outed, much less outing itself. Shame thrives on darkness and staying hidden. It cannot continue to exist with its same quotient of toxic potency once it is made public. Exposed to the light of day shame loses its hold. Its power cannot stand. Lies and subterfuge diminish and begin to fall away. When shame is not absorbed and internalized by its intended victims it cannot be maintained as a form of social control.
So the film's structure replicates the way shame works in society. No one knows "who did it" because too many forces are at play repressing and hiding the truth. Those who may know won't come forward because the exposed truth will be shameful for them too. Due to their own fear of humiliation by association, "good people" become complicit in repressing the truth. This is exactly how a whole society can be taught to obey – to deny what is actually true and live in fear of being shamed by outing that truth.
If you're prone to thinking, "Well, it's just those Germans, they have an authority problem," think again. One of the great core issues for the "men's work" I've been doing in the U.S. for 15 years is shame. I've encountered man after man who battles with low self-esteem, with not being good enough. Many, many good men carry absolute self-hatred. We are not born this way; these are learned self-judgments. This is internalized shame.
But shame-based upbringing seems to be more of Western cultural phenomenon. I'm not sure that it's nearly as pervasive in Africa and Asia. I was told that on one of his first visits to the U.S. the Dalai Lama was asked a question about dealing with self-hatred. He was stunned. He had simply never heard of the concept before; it was so far outside the culture of Tibetans. It was unimaginable that someone could consider him/herself "unworthy" to be a human being. He immediately walked around the room asking every person there "Have you experienced this?" Everyone nodded yes – all of them Westerners.
So how do we unlearn cultural lessons as pernicious as shame? We start by not taking on others' shaming energy when served to us. I recall screening my short films at MOMA in New York in the late 80s. A man in the audience pointed out to me that I had mispronounced "amalgam." Fine. There are many words we learn from the written page but don't learn how to properly pronounce. That was one of many for me. But when he persisted to hold forth on how this "flaw" diminished who I was as a filmmaker I politely but firmly cut him off and turned to other audience questions. I was certainly not about to let this man hijack the Q&A. More importantly, I was not going to allow him to publicly shame me.
In fact, many times I've asked people directly "are you trying to shame me?" The question usually surprises them. I've never heard a single person answer "yes, of course!" Most people aren't remotely aware of it themselves. It's simply the cultural practice they've grown up in and know. But the primary value in asking the question comes in interrupting the flow of their energy – their judgments, their verbal assault, their character assassination. It also helps to bring their own awareness to what it is they may be doing unconsciously.
You can spot this energy most clearly when people transition from talking about a mistake you made to what this mistake says about you as a person, about who you "are." We commonly acknowledge homilies like "We all make mistakes," and "Nobody's perfect." But in practice we unconsciously expect perfection from ourselves and others. And when we and they don't live up to those expectations look out! Shaming energy is often coming right behind.
Once we're attuned to it as conscious adults it's relatively easy to deflect it, to not take it on. But what about children? Unfortunately, for them it's not so easy. In fact, if the shame comes from their parents I think it's almost impossible for children not to be harmed. So much of who they are becoming is defined by all the messages they receive from their parents - parents whom they love and adore. A child's greatest want is to be loved and cherished by his/her parents. But tell a child "you're a bad boy" often enough and he will believe it. Tell another "you're a stupid girl" and she will believe it. Worse, they will "know it to be true."
It's absolutely our job as adults to let children know when they've made bad decisions, when actions they've taken are wrong. It's how we teach them to sharpen their own judgment skills and their overall awareness. But we should never want them to deduce from single and, yes, even multiple bad decisions that they are bad people, somehow defective human beings. We should never shame them.
Perhaps the greatest challenge before all of us adults is to heal our own inner "children" – the shamed ones that still live inside each of us. If we can do that we will not only break the chain of shame passed from generation to generation, we will serve as models to others, especially present-day children, of life as it can and should be lived without shame. If we can do that we fundamentally alter the way society is lived at its roots.
If we don't, if we continue to shame ourselves and our children, it's bad enough that we're perpetuating a psychological dynamic that will hamper all of us for life. We help form beings who doubt their greatest capacities, who question their greatest goodness, who consider themselves defective, even unsuitable for life itself. But when you multiply that dynamic by hundreds, thousands, millions, you create whole societies that come to "know" other individuals, other peoples, other cultures, other nations, as defective, as inherently bad, as unsuitable for life itself.
And that is the greatest shame of all.
About the author
Academy and Emmy nominated filmmaker Frederick Marx (HOOP DREAMS) has worked 35 years in film and television. Mission: "Bearing Witness, Creating Change…" Creating transformational stories that transform lives. His latest, JOURNEY FROM ZANSKAR, features the Dalai Lama and Richard Gere. Others - the feature film THE UNSPOKEN, the documentary mini-series BOYS TO MEN?, and the upcoming sequel BOYS BECOME MEN – all express deep concerns about teen boys realizing mature masculinity.
Contact the author
Please take a moment to give feedback below. Thanks!
Text length: Lower score means too short, higher score means too long. Inspiration level: How inspired are you from reading this? Challenge meter: Do you feel challenged to make some shifts as a result of reading this? Overall: How good was your overall experience going deeper with this movie? Only this score goes towards the average.
Did you like this user review?
Then why don't you write one of your own?


text:
Metitza be-Peh (oral suction following circumcision, or MBP) is a practice followed by some Haredi Jews. Here is a detailed history.
Below are three policy statements on MBP by the Rabbinical Council of America (RCA), from their website. Note the "evolution" of their position and draw your own conclusions.
Mar 1, 2005 -- The Rabbinical Council of America, the largest group of Orthodox rabbis in the world, has today issued a statement regarding Brit Milah (circumcision) and Metzitza (Oral Suction).
The statement reads as follows:
Bris Milah and Metzitza be'Peh
(Ritual Circumcision and Oral Suction)
A Policy Statement by the
Rabbinical Council of America
Tuesday, March 01, 2005
Bris Milah (ritual circumcision of Jewish males, performed on the 8th day after birth unless there are health contraindications) is a fundamental cornerstone of Jewish life and Biblical law. An important element of every Bris Milah is Metzitzah be'Peh, the extracting of blood from the wound and/or surrounding tissue using the mouth as the source of suction. This practice has been prevalent in all Jewish communities worldwide for thousands of years.
There has been a longstanding debate in the halachic responsa literature of the past several hundred years regarding the optimal way to fulfill the precept of suctioning. There are halachic authorities who mandate that only suction created via direct contact of the mouth to the wound adequately satisfies this requirement. Other halachic authorities, however, fully permit performing oral suctioning through a tube even as an ideal method of implementation of this precept.
A well-trained mohel, adhering to the scientific principles of sterile technique and antisepsis, essentially reduces the infectious risk of circumcision to the point where it is close to zero. Performing oral suction via a sterile tube does not pose any increased risk.
For those authorities who follow the view that suction via a sterile tube is completely permitted as a matter of Jewish law, this is clearly the optimal method to fulfill the requirement of Metzitzah be'Peh. In this manner, one absolutely fulfills the precept whilst placing the infant and mohel at no additional risk.
Based upon a careful study of the available halachic and scientific literature, as well as a review of sanctioned practice by numerous reliable Torah authorities past and present, it is the position of the RCA that the requirement of Metzitzah is fulfilled completely and unambiguously by the use of oral suctioning through a tube, as practiced by many mohelim in our communities. Therefore, according to this viewpoint, the use of such a tube is not only permissible, but is preferred (instead of direct oral contact) to eliminate any unintentional communication of infectious diseases. This protects both the mohel and the newly circumcised child.
An additional reason to encourage the use of a tube to fulfill the requirements of Metzitzah is that we not discourage less committed Jewish men and women from observing ritual circumcision (and possibly other Jewish rituals). Indeed, even some authorities who otherwise require Metzitzah be'Peh via direct oral contact, sanction a tube if that is the only way that the parents of a child would observe the mitzvah of Bris Milah.
In light of the above, the RCA urges its member rabbis, their congregants, synagogues and institutions, as well as the larger Jewish community, to encourage and where possible necessitate, that Metzitzah be'Peh be fulfilled via a tube.
Metzitza Be'Peh - Halachic Clarification
Regarding Metzitza Be'Peh, RCA Clarifies Halachic Background to Statement of March 1, 2005
(New York, NY) Jun 7, 2005 -- It is well known that there is a dispute among poskim regarding the obligation to engage in metzitza be'peh. Four major viewpoints exist, and we provide some sources for each below. More complete reviews are summarized in many sources, including Nishmat Avaraham, Vol. 2., Yoreh De'ah263:8 (p. 176) and 264:5 (pp. 182-183), and elsewhere.
The first view is that of Tiferet Yisrael (Commentary to Mishnah Shabbat 19:2), who regards metzitza as strictly a medical matter. The Talmud requires metzitza to avoid medical danger. Even though Tiferet Yisrael affirms that doctors in his day stated that this danger no longer exists (in keeping with the principle of nishtaneh ha'teva) and that, to the contrary, the act of metzitza itself might pose potential danger to the child, Tiferet Yisrael nonetheless advocated metzitza be'peh because he believed that doctors of his day agreed that it also provided a medical benefit to the child.
The second view is that metzitza is required and may be performed with any device – mouth or even sponge – that draws blood from the wound. (Chatam Sofer cited in Rav Pirutinsky's Sefer Habrit, pp. 216-217).
The third view is that metzitza be'peh is required, but the requirement of be'peh may be fulfilled through suction generated by the mouth through a tube. (Proclamations by Rabbi A. Hildesheimer and Rabbi S. R. Hirsch to their respective communities, and the latter's Responsa Shemesh Marpeh 55; Rabbi Tzvi Pesach Frank, Responsa Har Tzvi214; Rabbi A. Y. Hakohen Kook, Responsa Da'at Kohen 142; others cited in addendum to p. 222 at back of Sefer Habrit).
The final view is that metzitza be'peh actually requires suction from the mouth directly onto the site of the circumcision. (Responsa Binyan Tziyon 1:23-24; Responsa Maharam Schick Orach Chaim 152; Responsa Avnei Neizer 1:338).
The poskim consulted by the RCA (Rabbi Gedalia Dov Schwartz, Av Beit Din of the Beth Din of America and of the Chicago Rabbinical Council; Rabbi Hershel Schachter of RIETS/YU and the Union of Orthodox Congregations of America; and Rabbi Mordechai Willig of RIETS/YU and Segan Av Beit Din of the Beth Din of America) agree that the normative halacha undoubtedly permits the third view, and that it is proper for mohalim to conduct themselves in this way given the health issues involved in the fourth view. Rabbi Schachter even reports that Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik reports that his father, Rav Moshe Soloveitchik, would not permit a mohel to perform metzitza be'peh with direct oral contact, and that his grandfather, Rav Chaim Soloveitchik, instructed mohelim in Brisk not to do metzitza be'peh with direct oral contact. However, although Rav Yosef Dov Soloveitchik also generally prohibited metzitza be'peh with direct oral contact, he did not ban it by those who insisted upon it, and neither does the RCA advocate any such ban. Those who wish to follow their customs in accordance with the above-noted authorities are certainly entitled to do so, but the RCA is firmly of the opinion that in light of current realities and medical knowledge it is proper, and preferable, to use a tube.
The RCA, Calling for Safe Circumcision Practices, Disapproves of Unilateral Government Regulation
Sep 10, 2012 -- The Rabbinical Council of America (RCA), the largest group of Orthodox rabbis in the world, in light of the pending directive of the New York City's Health Department for parents to sign statements of informed consent prior to the performance of "metzitzah be-peh" (direct oral suction of the wound) as part of the traditional Bris Milah (circumcision), states:
Many Jewish legal authorities have ruled that direct oral suction is not an integral part of the circumcision ritual, and therefore advocate the use of a sterile tube to preclude any risk of infection. The RCA has gone on record as accepting the position of those authorities. Nevertheless, the RCA respects the convictions and sensitivities of those in the Orthodox Jewish community who disagree with this ruling and joins in their deep concern about government regulation of religious practices. The RCA urges these groups to voluntarily develop procedures to effectively prevent the unintended spread of infection.
The RCA supports the recent call of the Agudath Israel of America to New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg and the New York Health Department that, instead of unilaterally imposing regulations, they collaborate with Orthodox Jewish leadership to develop protocols to address health concerns.
Rabbi Shmuel Goldin, the RCA President, summarized his organization's position. "The act of circumcision is a precious and cherished ritual for the Jewish community, one which initiates our sons into the religious covenant. The RCA maintains that parents should use methods, in strict conformity with Jewish law, which enable them to hand down our religious legacy to a new generation safely and appropriately."