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Tumour antigens have attracted much attention because of their importance to cancer diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. With the development of cancer genomics, the identification of tumour-specific neoantigens became possible, which is a crucial step for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we developed software called the tumour-specific neoantigen detector for detecting cancer somatic mutations following the best practices of the genome analysis toolkit and predicting potential tumour-specific neoantigens, which could be either extracellular mutations of membrane proteins or mutated peptides presented by class I major histocompatibility complex molecules. This pipeline was beneficial to the biologist with little programmatic background. We also applied the software to the somatic mutations from the International Cancer Genome Consortium database to predict numerous potential tumour-specific neoantigens. This software is freely available from https://github.com/jiujiezz/tsnad.
1. Introduction
Tumour antigens have attracted much attention for their importance in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy, as they are crucial tumour biomarkers for identifying tumour cells and are potential targets for cancer therapy [1–3]. Tumour antigens can be broadly classified into two categories based on their specificity: tumour-specific antigens, which are only present in tumour cells; and tumour-associated antigens, which are overexpressed or aberrantly expressed in tumour cells and are also expressed in some normal cells [1]. In addition to abnormal expression patterns, tumour cells also contain a range of cancer somatic mutations and mutations in protein-coding regions might produce tumour-specific mutant proteins [4,5]. Tumour antigens derived from these tumour-specific mutant proteins are unparalleled tumour biomarkers, as they are only produced by tumour cells and are potential tumour-specific mutant antigens or neoantigens [3].
Tumour antigens recognized by T cells or antibodies should present on the surface of tumour cells [6,7]. A major part of tumour antigens used as drug targets are membrane proteins, such as HER2 and CD19, which are targets of the antibody trastuzumab [8] and chimaeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy (CAR-T) for B-cell cancer [9,10], respectively. Additionally, tumour antigens presented by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules for recognition by T cells (i.e. tumour-specific neoantigens) could also be used as drug targets [2,11,12]. On the other hand, in the immune checkpoint blockade therapy, the neoantigen load is associated with the therapy efficacy (i.e. PD-1, CTLA-4 blockade), which indicates that the neoantigen load is a great biomarker in cancer immunotherapy [13]. Because of their potential application to be targets and biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy [1,12,14,15], tumour-specific neoantigens have attracted much attention in biomedical research. Several prediction tools have been developed to predict tumour-specific neoantigens from cancer somatic mutations, such as pVAC-seq [16] and INTEGRATE-neo [17], which can predict neoantigens produced by non-synonymous somatic mutations and gene fusions, respectively. However, these tools only predict neoantigens presented by class I MHC molecules that can be recognized by T cells, they do not consider the mutations in the extracellular regions of membrane proteins that can be recognized by mutation-specific antibodies [18,19].
In this study, we developed integrated software with a graphical user interface (GUI), called the tumour-specific neoantigen detector (TSNAD), which can identify cancer somatic mutations following the best practices of the genome analysis toolkit (GATK v. 3.5) [20] from the genome/exome sequencing data of tumour-normal pairs. We also provided a filter for calling tumour-specific mutant proteins. Then, we conducted two strategies to predict neoantigens. First, we extracted the extracellular mutations of membrane proteins according to the protein topology. Second, we invoked NetMHCpan (v. 2.8) [21] to predict the binding information of mutant peptides to class I MHC molecules. Finally, we applied TSNAD on the cancer somatic mutations collected in the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database to predict potential neoantigens.
2. Material and methods
2.1. Tools
Standard sequencing data processing consists of preprocessing, alignment, variants calling, annotation and further analysis. Given that the existing software or tools are designed for specific functions, it was necessary to develop an automated and user-friendly framework that calls a series of software. This section summarizes the required software and its main features.
2.1.1. Data filtering software
Trimmomatic (v. 0.35) [22]. Original raw sequences have random lengths and contain adaptors that will be harmful to the subsequent data processing. This software can trim and crop raw reads and remove artefacts.
2.1.2. Genome mapping software
Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA, v. 0.7.12) [23,24]. This alignment toolkit is used for mapping short sequences to a reference genome. This software is based on the Burrows-Wheeler transformation and is highly efficient at finding locations of low-divergent sequences on a large genome.
2.1.3. Alignment manipulating tool
Samtools (v. 1.3) [25]. Its view and sort functions transform sequencing data format from SAM (sequence alignment/map) to BAM (binary alignment/map), which will save an enormous amount of storage space. Moreover, it can manage duplicate reads and index alignments.
2.1.4. Data processing tool
Picard tools (v. 1.140) [26]. This program consists of a set of Java command lines to handle with different sequencing data format (such as SAM, BAM and VCF). Given redundancy data may influence further processing, Picard MarkDuplicates tool can thus be applied to remove repeat sequences.
2.1.5. Variant calling software
Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK v. 3.5) [20], Mutect2 [27]. The main function of GATK is variant discovery in high-throughput sequencing data. Mutect2 is a package in GATK to identify somatic SNVs and INDELs.
2.1.6. Mutation annotation software
Annovar (14 December 2015) [28,29]. We use it to functional annotate somatic mutations, including position, change of nucleotide, change of amino acid for protein-coding region, and other functions. We can then extract tumour-specific mutant proteins.
2.1.7. Human leucocyte antigen typing software
SOAP-HLA (v. 2.2) [30]. This software detects the human leucocyte antigen (HLA—the MHC in humans) types for each sample. The program takes sorted aligned sequencing data (BAM format) as the input and outputs HLA types. The HLA types are critical for the MHC-binding predictions.
2.1.8. Protein topology indicating software
TMHMM (v. 2.0) [31]. This tool is used to predict the topology of membrane proteins based on a hidden Markov model (HMM). The prediction of transmembrane helices and membrane proteins is highly accurate [32].
2.1.9. Major histocompatibility complex-binding predicting software
NetMHCpan (v. 2.8) [21]. This software can forecast peptides that can bind to MHC class I molecules using artificial neural networks.
2.2. Datasets
The somatic mutations were collected from the whole-genome/exome sequencing data of 9155 tumour-normal pairs in the ICGC database (Release 20, http://icgc.org). This dataset has compiled over 1.5 million sample somatic mutations in coding regions, among which 828 129 missense variants have caused amino acid changes with a frequency range from 1 to 476 out of 9155 tumour samples.
The HLA types were extracted from the 1000 Genome Project. We choose 16 HLA alleles with frequencies of more than 5% in the population collected in the 1000 Genome Project [33], which includes five HLA-A (HLA-A*01:01, HLA-A*02:01, HLA-A*03:01, HLA-A*11:01 and HLA-A*24:02), four HLA-B (HLA-B*07:02, HLA-B*35:01, HLA-B*40:01 and HLA-B*51:01) and seven HLA-C (HLA-C*01:02, HLA-C*03:03, HLA-C*03:04, HLA-C*04:01, HLA-C*06:02, HLA-C*07:01 and HLA-C*07:02) alleles.
2.3. Identification of extracellular region of membrane proteins
The list of human membrane proteins was extracted from the human protein atlas [34]. The amino acid sequences of these membrane proteins were downloaded from Ensembl (GRCh37 v. 75) [35]. TMHMM (v. 2.0) was used to identify the transmembrane topology and extracellular region of each membrane protein [31].
2.4. Prediction of class I major histocompatibility complex binding
After we obtained the list of the tumour-specific mutant proteins, we extracted the peptide sequences around the mutation sites. As MHC molecules always bind to peptides 8–11 amino acids in length, we extracted peptides 21 amino acids in length, with 10 amino acids upstream and 10 amino acids downstream of mutation sites for NetMHCpan prediction (figure 1). Wild-type peptides with the same length as the mutant peptides were extracted as references. These wild-type and mutant peptides were measured for their binding affinities (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], nM) to each class I HLA allele. The binding was considered strong if the IC50 value was less than 150 nM, and a weak binding had an IC50 value between 150 and 500 nM. Non-binding occurred if the IC50 value was more than 500 nM [11].
2.5. Experimental validation of peptide biding to class I major histocompatibility complex molecular
Peptides were obtained lyophilized (more than 95% purity) from Bankpeptide Biological Technology Co., Ltd (Hefei, China), dissolved in 10% DMSO in sterile water and tested for sterility, purity, endotoxin and residual organics. Peptide binding to HLA-A*02:01 was determined by T2 assay [36]. T2 cells were washed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and RPMI-1640 without serum. In total, 5 × 105 cell ml–1 were incubated with 5 µg ml−1 peptide and 10 µg ml−1 human beta-2-microglobulin in serum-free RPMI-1640 for 4 h or overnight at 37°C. The pulsed cells were pelleted and followed by 3 × 1 ml rinses in PBS with centrifugation at 500g for 5 min at 4°C. Cells were resuspended in 200 µl PBS and stained with 1 µl of w6/32 (Thermo Fisher) for 30 min on ice, followed by three rinses with 1 ml PBS at 4°C. Cells were then resuspended in 200 µl PBS and 1 µl of goat anti-mouse antibody-FITC (Beyotime Biotechnology) for 30 min on ice, followed by three rinses at 4°C. Then, cells were resuspended in 500 µl PBS. Stained T2 cells were analysed using a FACSCalibur.
3. Results
3.1. Software overview
We developed integrated software, called TSNAD, under the Linux operation system through a GUI. The platform is completely automated and is mainly designed for users who have little programming experience. There are several neoantigen prediction pipelines such as pVAC-seq, INTEGRATE-neo: pVAC-seq combined the tumour mutation and expression data to predict neoantigens by invoking NetMHC v. 3.4; INTEGRATE-neo was designed to predict neoantigens from fusion genes based on the pipeline INTERGRATE and NetMHC v. 4.0. Similar with these pipelines, TSNAD also used widely approved software NetMHCpan v. 2.8 to predict neoantigens. Compared with other neoantigen prediction pipelines, TSNAD has lists of advantages: first, TSNAD offered a pipeline for mutation calling from sequencing data; second, TSNAD not only considered the neoantigens presented by class I MHC molecules, but also took mutations in membrane proteins into consideration; third, unlike other pipelines that performed through command lines, TSNAD provided a GUI for biologists without programming background to analyse their data easily. The software consists of two toolkits: mutation detection and neoantigen prediction. Each toolkit is a two-step process as follows: configure the parameters and run the corresponding toolkit.
The first step is to configure the software paths and parameters. This step is of great significance, and users are expected to ensure the appropriateness and correctness of the configurations. Users can find the detailed instructions about how to set paths and parameters in the user's manual. For the software paths, the users do not need to change these parameters once they are set because TSNAD will import the existing configuration files by default. Users can also edit partial parameters by GUI or by manually modifying the configuration files. It is worth noting that TSNAD requires its own naming convention for the input files. The users can choose to either manually or use the tool we provided to rename the names of sequencing files to suit the criteria of TSNAD.
After setting the configurations, non-expert users can run the pipeline by just clicking on the appropriate toolbar. In the processing monitoring window, the users can observe the pipeline progression. The pipeline, which was written in Python programming language (v2.7), calls for standard third-party software and applies multiprocessing strategy to speed up the data processing.
When the pipeline is finished, all of the results will be stored in a user-specified folder. The mutation detection pipeline returns the list of somatic mutations with annotations. The neoantigen prediction pipeline returns extracellular mutations of the membrane proteins and the MHC-binding information (all in TXT format).
3.2. Detection of cancer somatic mutations
The software can detect single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions or deletions (INDELs) according to the pipeline as depicted in figure 2. The raw paired-end sequence data were in FastQ format from the whole-genome sequencing, the whole-exome sequencing or the targeted gene panel sequencing using the Illumina platform. The raw data were cleaned using Trimmomatic [22]. BWA-MEM was used to map the reads to the reference genome sequences [23,24]. Samtools [25] and Picard [26] were used to address files in SAM or BAM formats, including transform, sort, merge and mark duplicates. GATK [20] was used to pre-process the BAM files, such as realigning the INDELs and recalibrating the bases. Mutect2 [27] in GATK was used to call the somatic SNVs and INDELs between tumour and normal samples. Annovar [28,29] was used to annotate the detailed mutation information.
We further provide a filter to detect the somatic mutations in the protein-coding regions and the somatic missense variants which fit the cut-off (tumour reads > 10, normal reads > 6, tumour alteration reads > 5, variant allele frequency (VAF) in tumour DNA > 0.05 and VAF in normal DNA = 0).
3.3. Prediction of neoantigens
When peptides differ by only one amino acid change, specific antibodies can be generated [19,37]. Therefore, missense mutations that are present on the surfaces of tumour cells are important targets for antibody-based immunotherapy. We performed two strategies to predict the neoantigens that would present on the surfaces of tumour cells [1,2]. First, we extracted the somatic mutations in the extracellular regions of the membrane proteins. Second, we predicted the neoantigens that would present on the cell surface by evaluating the binding affinity between the peptides and class I MHC molecules.
According to the Human Protein Atlas, there were 5462 predicted membrane proteins [34]. We identified the transmembrane topologies and the extracellular regions of these proteins using TMHMM [31]. To identify the extracellular mutations of membrane proteins, the filtered cancer somatic missense variants were mapped to the extracellular regions of membrane proteins. We further verified the characteristics of the mutant amino acids. Mutations that change the polarity of the amino acids have gained more attention, as they may be more likely to cause differences in binding features to antibodies between wild-type and mutant proteins.
In addition to the membrane proteins, peptides could be present on the cell surface because of the antigen presenting system, which is mediated by MHC molecules. SOAP-HLA was used for the HLA typing of each sample [30]. NetMHCpan was used to predict the binding affinity between the class I MHC and wild-type/mutant peptides [21]. We further compared the binding information of the HLA molecules to the wild-type and mutant peptides. The mutant peptides that can bind to the HLA-A/B/C molecules were extracted for further analysis; the specific bindings of the HLA proteins to the mutant peptides were preferred for their potential to be drug targets without affecting normal tissues.
3.4. Prediction of neoantigens based on the somatic mutation data from the International Cancer Genome Consortium database
In previous study, we performed oncogene targeted depth sequencing on a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma [38]. Applying the TSNAD to analyse the sequence data of the tumour sample and the paired peripheral blood sample, we detected 2897 somatic SNVs and 218 somatic INDELs. Four SNVs of NOTCH2, PDE4DIP, ATP10B and NSD1 and one frameshift INDEL of BAP1 were validated by Sanger sequencing on tumour RNA. We also predicted the neoantigens on these mutated proteins, and found specific-binding of neo-peptide generated by BAP1 frameshift INDEL to HLA-B*35:42 of the patient. A polyclonal antibody of the neo-peptide of BAP1 were produced in rabbits and showed a good antibody-neoantigen specificity, which indicates that the neo-peptide of BAP1 could be a potential tumour-specific neoantigen [38].
In addition to handling original sequencing data, TSNAD could also analyse exiting mutations data to predict potential neoantigens. We applied TSNAD to the simple somatic mutations of 9155 samples from the ICGC database and predicted numerous neoantigens, including extracellular mutations of membrane proteins and peptides presented by the class I MHC molecules.
3.5. Prediction of neoantigens from membrane proteins
To identify the extracellular mutations of membrane proteins, we mapped all of the missense mutations to the extracellular regions of membrane proteins. A dataset containing 88 354 extracellular mutations was obtained. A majority of these extracellular mutations (89.6%, 79 198 out of 88 354) occurs only once in the 9155 donors (electronic supplementary material, table S1 and figure S1), which illustrates the high heterogeneity in tumour samples. However, membrane proteins with mutations that occur in more samples are also ideal drug targets for antibody-based immunotherapy. The top 20 frequent extracellular mutations are listed in table 1 and MUC4:H4205Q is the most frequent extracellular mutation (44 out of 9155).
3.6. Prediction of neoantigens through major histocompatibility complex-binding information
Peptides could also present on the cell surface via the antigen presenting system, mediated by MHC class I molecules. In this manner, mutant peptides that are present exclusively in tumour cells are the potential neoantigens, and the MHC–peptide complexes are called neoantigens.
Based on the missense mutations of the 9155 tumour samples from the ICGC, we extracted peptides 21 amino acids length, with 10 amino acids upstream and 10 amino acids downstream of the mutation sites. Both the mutant and reference peptides were extracted. Combined with the 16 HLA alleles whose frequencies were more than 5% in the population collected in the 1000 Genome Project, we used our software, invoking NetMHCpan (v2.8) [21] to predict the binding affinity between HLA and the collected peptides. Then, we compared the binding information of the HLA proteins to wild-type and mutant peptides, and the specific bindings of the HLA proteins to mutant peptides were collected. These mutant peptides are seen as potential neoantigens. Finally, we obtained a dataset containing 1 420 785 records. We also analysed the distribution of the dataset (electronic supplementary material, table S2 and figure S2). The results showed a similar phenomenon with that in membrane proteins.
Mutations with more frequencies in the samples may play important roles in tumorigenesis. There are 65 potential common neoantigens whose corresponding mutations appear in at least 20 out of the 9155 donors from the ICGC database and had an IC50 of less than 500. The 65 neoantigens are related to the 23 somatic mutations of 12 genes (table 2; electronic supplementary material, table S3). KRAS, PIK3CA and TP53 occupy more potential neoantigens than other genes, indicating that these genes play more important roles in tumour immunotherapy, corresponding to former research results that KRAS and PIK3CA are oncogenes and that TP53 is a tumour suppressor gene [39]. Moreover, we also found some genes that have not been identified as tumour-associated genes by Cancer Gene Census also encode potential neoantigens, such as MUC4, FAM194B, OPRD1 and FRG1.
We found that the most frequent potential neoantigens are encoded by gene KRAS, which has been identified as an oncogene in vivo. There are six potential neoantigens related to the KRAS gene in the top 10 potential neoantigens, with two different mutations: G12D and G12 V. Among the six peptides, three of them (KLVVVGADGV, KLVVVGAVGV and KLVVVGAV) are presented by HLA-A*02:01, one (TEYKLVVVGAV) is presented by HLA-A*40:01, one (GAVGVGKSAL) is presented by HLA-A*03:04 and one (GAVGVGKSAL) is presented by HLA-C*03:03 (table 3).
To study the distribution of the neoantigens across different HLA type, we classified the 1 420 785 records into 16 parts according to the HLA type we used (figure 3a). It was found that approximately 10 mutant peptides could bind to each HLA type in each sample, which means that we can find about 60 neoantigens in each tumour sample on average.
Because of the highly heterogeneity of tumours, we further investigated the distribution of neoantigens in each tumour type (based on the tissue origin; figure 3b). The results showed that the neoantigen load is related to the somatic mutation burden. The cancer types have more mutation load, such as skin and lung cancer, have more neoantigens in average. Interestingly, uterus cancer has the largest number of neoantigens on average (715.98, electronic supplementary material, table S4), but the median number of neoantigens of uterus cancer ranks 10th among the 20 cancer types (figure 3b). The reason may be that the number of neoantigens varies greatly among different patients of uterus cancer, several uterus tumours have large numbers of neoantigens. The nervous system cancer possesses the least neoantigens (2.39) on average. The results indicated that the neoantigen load is not only quite different between different cancer types, but also quite different between different tumours from the same tissue.
3.7. Specific binding of the TP53 mutant peptide to HLA-A*02:01
We choose one of the 65 potential common neoantigens, which was generated by the TP53 R248 W mutation, to experimentally confirm the specific-binding of neoantigen to HLA-A*02:01 using T2 assay [36]. We predicted that the wild-type (WT) peptide (GMNRRPILTII) could not bind to HLA-A*02:01, while the mutant peptide (GMNWRPILTII) could weakly bind to HLA-A*02:01 with the IC50 value = 350 nM (electronic supplementary material, table S3). The T2 cell line was widely used to confirm the binding of the peptides to HLA-A*02:01 as its HLA levels can be stabilized by the addition of exogenous HLA-binding peptides but unable to present the endogenous HLA-associated peptides [15,36]. To assess binding strength, we first incubated T2 cells with the WT and mutant peptides, respectively, and then used the W6/32 antibody that targets HLA molecules stabilized by any HLA-binding peptides. The strength of peptide binding between WT and mutant peptides were comparable as suggested by W6/32 staining. Analysis of the pulsed cells by flow cytometry showed that binding of the TP53 (R248 W) mutant peptide to T2 cells was more significant than the background levels of staining to the WT peptide or negative control cells (figure 4), which confirms the specific binding of the TP53 mutant peptide to HLA-A*02:01. Therefore, the R248 W mutation of TP53 can generate a potential tumour-specific neoantigen in the patient with HLA-A*02:01, which can be an ideal target for neoantigen-specific cancer immunotherapy.
4. Discussion
TSNAD is a tool for detecting cancer somatic mutations following the best practices of GATK [20]. TSNAD can also provide potential neoantigens [1], which can be either extracellular mutations of membrane proteins or mutant peptides presented by class I MHC molecules. It is critical for biologists without programming background. We applied the antigen-predicting tool of TSNAD to predict neoantigens, including extracellular mutations of membrane proteins and neoantigens presented by MHC class I molecules. And we experimentally verified the specific-binding of the mutated peptide of TP53 we predicted (R248 W, wild-type: GMNRRPILTII, mutant: GMNWRPILTII) to HLA-A*02:01. The predicted neoantigens in our study were important sources for selecting suitable drug targets. In further study, these predicted neoantigens would need more experimental validation for their potential to be employed as drug targets of T cell or antibody-based immunotherapy.
Data accessibility
The software and codes are freely available from https://github.com/jiujiezz/tsnad and the predicted neoantigens are freely available from http://biopharm.zju.edu.cn/lab/database/tsnadb.
Authors' contributions
Z.Z., Z.X.S., X.G. and S.Q.C. designed and directed the research; Z.Z., X.Z.L. wrote the programs; Z.Z., J.C.W., S.S.W. and J.Z. performed data analysis; X.Y.Y. performed experimental validation. Z.Z., X.Z.L., J.C.W. and Z.X.S. wrote the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
Competing interests
We declare that we have no competing interests.
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501021 and 81430081), the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Sciences Foundation of China (LY15C060001), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at Fudan University.
We would like to thank Dr Binbin Zhou from Zhejiang University for her help with programming. We also gratefully acknowledge the clinical contributors and the data producers from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) for referencing the ICGC datasets.
Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3721813.
- Received January 17, 2017.
- Accepted March 6, 2017.
- © 2017 The Authors.
Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.


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Cubes are so square. Trendy restaurants and bars, including New York City's Dutch Kills, are upping the cocktail ante by adding ice spears, cylinders and hollowed chunks to drinks. Ask your F&B contact about ice options available at the restaurant or venue. (718) 383-2724Photograph: @istockphoto.com/BURWELLPHOTOGRAPHY
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Tribute to Cardinal Patrick Moran-->
I rise to mark the centenary of the death of Cardinal Patrick Francis Moran. Cardinal Moran, Catholic Archbishop of Sydney from 1884 until 1911, died 100 years ago last week. I believe Patrick Moran to be one of the most significant figures in the colony, and then state, of New South Wales in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Patrick Moran was born in County Carlow in Ireland in 1830. His mother died when he was 14 months old, his father when he was 11. He was then cared for by his uncle Paul Cullen, Rector of the Irish College in Rome, future Cardinal and leader of the Irish Church.
Moran spent his first twelve years in Ireland, the next 24 in Italy, another 18 in Ireland and then 27 in Australia. Moran was fluent in eight languages. He was a distinguished scholar, expert in archaeology, palaeography and the Irish language.
He wrote extensively on the history of the Catholic faith in Ireland. I am particularly partial to the Historical Sketch of the Persecutions Suffered by the Catholics of Ireland under the Rule of Cromwell and the Puritans.
He attended the First Vatican Council in 1869-70. He was elected Bishop of Ossory in Ireland in 1871. Pope Leo XIII appointed Moran Archbishop of Sydney in 1884. Immediately before his departure Moran met the British Liberal Prime Minister William Gladstone, to discuss Irish and Australian affairs.
When Moran arrived on 8 September 1884, twenty steamers packed with thousands of Sydney's Catholics sailed out to greet him. Tens of thousands lined the shores. This was a time when the Catholic population of New South Wales was downtrodden and underprivileged.
The first bishop of the Catholic Church in Australia was John Bede Polding, who arrived in Sydney in 1835. The English Benedictines had controlled the Church here, yet the grassroots faithful were Irish. As Cardinal Archbishop of Sydney, Patrick Moran was culturally one with the faithful.
"They were Australians, Ireland was the cultural home, and now they had an archbishop of their own", as Philip Ayres put it in his compelling 2007 biography of Moran, Prince of the Church.
Moran convened plenary councils of the Australian archbishops. He created his own federation of the Australian Catholic Church in advance of the political federation of the Australian colonies.
He supported the seamen and wharf labourers in the 1890 maritime strike. The marching strikers stopped at St Marys Cathedral and gave three cheers for 'our friend the Cardinal'. Moran wrote that 'the rights and dignity of labour were never so clearly set before the people as during the late strike'.
He wrote this a year prior to Pope Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum Novarum. Moran backed Rerum Novarum with his own Lecture on the Rights and Duties of Labour, supporting the role of trade unions.
Rerum Novarum was issued in 1891. The Labour Electoral Leagues were formed in 1891, and won 35 seats in the NSW Legislative Assembly. The groundbreaking 1891 papal encyclical, and the birth of a Labor Party in the same year, were responses to the commodification of human beings that was a consequence of the Industrial Revolution. Both were built around the notion of the dignity of human labour.
Moran wrote this after the 1891 New South Wales election:
"....it was a triumph for Australia that the representatives of the working classes had been elected to Parliament to urge the claims and defend the rights of labour".
Moran was a seminal influence on the infant Labor Party. He led it away from Marxist influences.
The growth of the Labor Party - from a third party that sought concessions in exchange for measures advantaging working people, into a party of government at both the federal and state levels by the end of the first decade of the twentieth century - was aided and supported by Patrick Moran.
Under Moran the Catholic population of Sydney more than doubled, and Catholics came to fully engage in public affairs. The role of the Catholic Church in education, charity and health care grew massively.
He led his Church boldly. He was a central public figure in the affairs of New South Wales and Australia.
The fact that the centenary of Cardinal Patrick Moran's death last week passed without any comment from our media and political establishment - apart from that in the Catholic Weekly newspaper - says much about our society's lack of a public memory today.


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Relevant EU legislation
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This defines the essential quality standards which water intended for human consumption must meet.
This Directive concerns the collection, treatment and discharge of urban and certain industrial waste water. Its aim is to protect the environment from any adverse effects caused by the discharge of such waters.
This Directive is designed to protect fresh water bodies in order to safeguard the fish species living in them.
This directive establishes environmental quality standards so as to limit the quantity of certain chemical substances that pose a significant risk to the environment and to health in surface water in the European Union.


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Bhadana accuses Hooda of blackmailing Sonia over Vadra land deals
In yet another major blow to the Congress, the three-time MP from Faridabad, Avtar Singh Bhadana (58) quit the party and joined principal opposition party, the Indian National Lok Dal (INLD) at New Delhi on Wednesday.chandigarh Updated: Aug 21, 2014 08:15 IST
In yet another major blow to the Congress, the three-time MP from Faridabad, Avtar Singh Bhadana (58) quit the party and joined principal opposition party, the Indian National Lok Dal (INLD) at New Delhi on Wednesday.
Interacting with mediapersons, Bhadana said he quit the Congress as several of its leaders worked against him, which led to his defeat in the recent Lok Sabha elections. He said he had informed the party high command that Hooda and his coterie were responsible for the Congress' poor performance in Haryana and also in the Faridabad constituency, but to no avail.
Bhadana alleged that Hooda, who was a confidant of Robert Vadra, son-in-law of Congress president Sonia Gandhi, was blackmailing her over the issue of Vadra's controversial land deals.
INLD leader Abhay Chautala welcomed Bhadana into the party.
Bhadana had won the Faridabad Lok Sabha seat in 1991, 2004 and 2009. During the 2014 parliamentary polls, he was pitted against BJP's Krishan Pal Gurjar who defeated Bhadana by a massive margin of over 4.6 lakh votes. Bhadana had resigned from the Congress on August 5, citing inaction by the high command against Hooda and his coterie.
Meanwhile, yet another exit of a senior party leader because of Hooda, and allegations against him, is being seen as another major blow to Hooda as well. He was jeered at in the public rally of Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Kaithal on Tuesday and was yet to recover from the blow dealt by Congress veteran Birender Singh, who joined the BJP on August 16 at Jind.
Hooda had been at the receiving end for quite some time within the party, especially senior leaders, though the Congress central leadership stood by him.
Only a few weeks ago, he was put in poor light after power minister Capt Ajay Yadav, six-time MLA from Rewari, had quit from the cabinet alleging biased development. He was though pacified by Hooda.
Besides Birender Singh, former union minister and Rajya Sabha MP Kumari Selja, the influential Dalit leader, too, had been vocal and critical of Hooda' style of governance for quite some time, alleging neglect of her community and parliamentary constituency.
The dissidence against Hooda was seen as a major reason behind the party's rout - the Congress lost nine of the 10 seats with huge margins - in the recent Lok Sabha elections in the state.
Before the parliamentary polls, former minister and MP from Gurgaon, Rao Inderjit Singh and former Sohna MLA Dharambir had dumped the Congress, levelling similar charges and joined the BJP on whose ticket they won the parliamentary election.
And as if this was not enough, Hooda's childhood friend, businessman-turned-politician Venod Sharma, who was the Congress MLA from Ambala (city), had also rebelled against the party, snapping his ties of four decades with Hooda, citing disparity in development and favours on regional or caste lines.
Arvind Sharma, a three-time MP who lost to Ashwini Chopra 'Minna' of the BJP from Karnal in the Lok Sabha elections, joined the Bahujan Samaj Party recently. He said he joined the BSP as the Congress had failed to protect the interests of various communities.
First Published: Aug 20, 2014 23:11 IST


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Halilhodzic's players recovered nicely from a disappointing 2014 World Cup qualifying loss away to Mali with a convincing 4-1 victory over Gambia on the road to the 2013 Afcon
A brace from rising striker Islam Slimani and two others from Foued Kadir and El Arbi Hillel Soudani gave Algeria a 4-1 victory over Gambia at the Mustapha Tchaker stadium in Blida on Friday.
Unlike the match in Banjul, the Algerians were on top within the first minute, with Kadir's persistence paying off as he created a chance for Slimani and then cleaned it up when the ball fell to him in the penalty box. Just four minutes later, Slimani got on the score-sheet as well, scoring a powerful full volley after a well-executed knock-down header by Soudani.
Up 4-1 on aggregate, the Algerians suffered a lapse in concentration that the Gambians didn't forgive as Gassama was given too much time and space to try his luck from distance. The 18-year-old's right footed blast clanged off the underside of Rais M'Bolhi's crossbar and past the goal-line to reduce the deficit for the Scorpions who still had plenty of work to do.
Algeria regained control over the midfield but struggled to create clear-cut scoring opportunities until the beginning of the second half. Fresh out of the dressing rooms, the Fennecs headed the instructions of coach Vahid Halilhodzic as Soudani once again played provider for Slimani who got his second of the match on 48 minutes.
Sixty-five minutes into the game, Soudani got his own finish to add to his two assists, getting on the end of a probing Mehdi Mostefa cross at the back post. The goal took the sting out the match as it was clear that there was no way back for the Scorpions and the north Africans held on to a 6-2 aggregate victory, sending them into the final round of 2013 Africa Cup of Nations qualifiers.


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With a stay at Extended Stay America - Dallas - Coit Road in Dallas (Park Central), you'll be minutes from Medical City Hospital and close to Northwood Club. This hotel is within close proximity of Richland College and Valley View Center.
Make yourself at home in one of the 138 air-conditioned rooms featuring kitchens with full-sized refrigerators/freezers and stovetops. 32-inch flat-screen televisions with cable programming provide entertainment, while complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected. Conveniences include microwaves and coffee/tea makers, and housekeeping is provided weekly.
Make use of convenient amenities, which include complimentary wireless Internet access and barbecue grills.
For your convenience, a complimentary breakfast is served daily from 6 AM to 9:30 AM.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include a 24-hour front desk, laundry facilities, and a safe deposit box at the front desk. Free self parking is available onsite.


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Contract issue, trying to back date for contract PFC
My issue: when I was a poolee I had signed a 4 yr. contract for contract pfc. Short after my recruiter went on terminal leave and his replacement saw that I had a 5 yr mos. So they made me resign another set of the same papers except that this set did not include my college transcript. I did not know that until I was in bootcamp and the drill instructor told me that all I have to to is have it mailed to me and they will fix it. Now my mother did not have permission to go to the college and print out a transcript for me so I was screwed. When I went home on leave I got the college transcript and took it to mct. They didnt want to help me and said it couldnt be done. I wen to comm school and they said that my s-1 can fix it when I went to the fleet. So I go to 2/5 (retreat hell) and my s-1 sends me to rpac then they mailed a copy of my transcript to headquarters. It's been about a year now and I still have not gotted backdated. I told my s-1 again and they said that they dont know if it could be possible. Help?
Best advice I can give you is to use the chain of command.
You might want to start chronically organizing when all of these events happened, who you dealt with, and what paperwork you sent them.
Each time you go one step higher in your chain of command, be sure to make notes as to what happened with the last outcome.
Eventually, you will get to someone who can make this work. When that person sees your paper trail and those involved who slacked on their duties, they will be able to tell where to focus their attention.
That is one method to seek resolution. In the end, it may or may not work for you.
Another resolution is...well, you say you have been in now a year (or maybe a year since signing your contract?) but you should be an E-2 by now.
Consider refocusing on your job, busting your butt at doing what is required of you, go the extra mile, excel as a Marine, and who knows, you might be put up for meritorious promotions and gain rank quicker than fighting for guaranteed PFC.
Also, PM Shaffer and get your status changed to Marine, not poolee.
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While Western Australia has a big reputation in the resources area, one of the great secondary industry success stories, has been that of Kailis & France, a Perth-based food company.
In the highly-competitive food manufacturing sector, Kailis & France is a big contract manufacturer, supplying prepared and frozen meals, soups, sauces, and coated products to airlines, retail outlets and restaurants in Australia, Asia and the Middle East.
The company, which was established in 1974, had a senior management buyout in 2004, which was supported by Champ Ventures & Foundation Capital.
With more than 1,500 different ingredients being used to make its 300 varying products, good logistics and warehousing is critical to ensure a smooth flow in and out of their manufacturing premises.
According to Kailis & France, the company had been a Loscam customer since its inception, Loscam provides them with plastic pallets and bins used to house the raw materials that Kailis & France use in manufacture.
It also provides these bins to suppliers. Kailis would have somewhere in the order of 4,500 plastic pallets on account with Loscam, and the support and service it gets from State Manager is very good.
For Kailis, hygiene is a prime consideration, and Loscam ensures that after use, all the pallets it uses are washed and cleaned. Wooden pallets are a no-no because of the products Kailis makes, and it cannot afford to have any of them near its operation.
Kailis also advises its suppliers to supply them on Loscam plastic pallets as well.
Kailis food ingredients come to the busy plant from all over, and are stored in the factory on plastic pallets.
After manufacturing, the finished products are initially stored again on plastic pallets, and then taken to a third party provider who transfers the products on to wooden pallets, where they are dispatched to markets in Australia or overseas.
Kailis used Loscam's HMS system for pallet control and find it good, and Loscam's new innovation, Loscam on line, allows Kailis to have access to its account 24/7, reducing the risk of lost equipment or unnecessary hire charges.
Kailis has mapped out a pretty aggressive growth strategy over the next three years, and it envisages that it will be doubling its production requirements.


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FPSC Custom Inspector and Preventive Officer Test Preparation Everyday Science Complete Material / Sample Mcqs Paper
• 1 horse power is 745.7 watts
• 1 horse power = work equal to lifting 550 lbs of weight to one foot for one second
• 1 calorie is equal to 4.2 Joules
• 1 barrel is equal to 159 liters
• 6 feet = 1 fathom
• 1 kwh = 3.6 x 10 power 6 joules
• A 100 watt bulb lights for 1 hour uses 100 watt hour of electricity
• -273 degree centigrade is called absolute zero temperature.
• Standard pressure is 760 mm or 14.7 lb/in2
• Gross is equal to 12 dozens
• Mach 2 = 500 miles per hour
• 1 nautical mile = 1825 meters
• Unit of pressure is Pascal
• Force is measured in Newton (SI), Dyne (CGS)
• At -40 deg F Fahrenheit scale is equal to centigrade scale
• Hertz and Angstrom are units of frequency
• Units of work and energy are Joule and Erg (CGS)
• Diopter is unit of power of lens
• Unit is density is kg/m3
• Unit of power is watt, BTU (Board of Trade Unit)
• Unit of electric charge is Coulomb
• Unit of voltage is volt
• Unit of electric resistance is ohm
• Unit of capacitance is Farad
• Unit of magnetic flux is Weber, Tesla
• Unit of radio activity is Becquerel
• Unit of luminous intensity is candle, lux
• Unit of crude oil is Barrel
• Unit of volume of water is cusec, cubic/sec
• Unit of admittance is Mho
• Unit of intensity or loudness of sound is bel
• Unit of viscosity is Poise
• Unit of flight speed is Mach I
• Unit of atmospheric pressure is milli bar
• Unit of wave length of light is Angstrom
• Unit of energy is Electron volt
• Unit of brightness is Lambert
• Unit of luminous flux is Lumen
• Intensity of illumination or unit of luminosity is Lux, Candela and Candle power
• Unit of magnetic pole strength is Weber
• Unit of RAD (Radiation Absorbed Dose) is Gray
• Unit of Electric Current is Ampere
• Unit of inductance is Henry
• Unit of conductance is siemens.
• Unit of heat is Joule, Calorie, BTU (British Thermal Unit)
• Radio activity is measured in currie
• Rutherford : strength of radioactivity
• Torr: pressure
• Fermi : length [A unit of length equal to one femtometer (10-15 meter)]
• Sved berg unit:sedimentation rate
• Dioptre: power of lense
• Mho : conductivity
• Henry: inductance
• Maxwell: magnetic flux
• Becquerel: radioactivity
• Kilo watt hour: power
• Coulomb: unit of electrical charge
• Weber: unit of magnetic flux
• Tesla: unit of magnetic flux density
• Siemen: unit of conductance
• Rutherford: unit of rate of decay of radioactive material
• Faraday: unit of electric charge
• Angstrom: unit of length, used especially to specify radiation wavelengths
• Parsec: unit of astronomical length
• Degree: unit of measurement of an angle
• Steradian: Unit of solid angle measurement
• Dyne is a unit of Force.
• SI unit of pressure is Pascal.
• Curie is a unit of : radioactivity
• Pascal Sound Pressure
• Torr Pressure
• Curie Intensity of radioactivity
• Angstrom Unit of length
• Light year The distance light travels in a year
• Dioptre Lens refractive power
• Horse power Unit of Power
• Radian Unit of angular measure
• Candela Unit of luminous intensity
• Mole unit of amount of substance
• What is measured in units called phon- Sound 192
• What is measured in grains – four grains to a carat- Pearls
• Unit of electromotive force in Volt.
• What is the SI unit of illumination -Lux
• Gross is equal to 12 dozen.
• Ozone is measured in percent age.
• An object traveling at Mach 2 is traveling approximately at 500 mph.(chk)
• What is measured on the Gay-Lussac scale: Alcohol strength
• Chronometer is used to measure… time
• Anemometer is used to measure… Wind Speed
• The clusec is the unit measuring the power of what Vacuum pumps
• One million cycles per second is called Megahertz.
• 0.200 grams are equal to one carat.
• Voltammeter is an electrolytic cell for conducting electrolytic dissociation of electrolyte.
• 8 furlongs make one mile.
• A billion contain 1000 million. It has 9 zeroes. Similarly a trillion has 12 zeroes,a quadrillion 15 zeroes,a quintillion 18 zeroes and a decillion 33 zeroes.
• One inch is equal to 2.5400 cms and one mile is equal to 1.6093 kms.
• One micron is equal to One-thousandth of a millimeter.
• 2.47105 acres is equal to what SI unit-Hectare
• What word describes one tenth of a nautical mile-Cable
• What is measured on the Torro scale -Tornados
• unit of sound named after- Alexander Graham Bell – Decibel
• The density Smoke is measured on the Rngelmann scale-
• Unit of electromotive force in Volt.
• Power is measured in Watts (w).
• Resistance was discovered by Girge Ohm in 1826, and is measured in ohms.
• Electricity does not flow through a circuit by itself. It needs a 'push', or energy, to keep it moving. We call this energy the voltage of the circuit. Voltage is measured in volts (v).
• The German scientist George Ohm (1787-1854) is best remembered for working out ohm's law. He discovered that they voltage across a conductor such as a trip of metal or a wire – and the current following through it always vary in the same proportion. So if you double the voltage, you double the current. This is incredibly useful; because it lets you predict the current you will get for a particular voltage.
• The thickness of silk is measured in what- Denier
• Ohm's law does not apply to semiconductors and conductors when there is change in temperature.
• In our houses we get 220 V a.c. The value of 220 V represents the effective voltage.
• One unit of electric power is consumed when 10 A of current flows for 1 hour at 100 V. 1 Unit = 1 kw hr = 1000 w hr = 100 x 10 x 1 hr
• If the same note is played on a flute and a sitar, one can still distirguish b/w them because they differ in quality.
• A negatively charged glass rod has always less protons than electrons.
• The wavelength of the X-rays is of the order of 0.1 nanometer.
• Red, green and blue are known as primary colours. These are colours which cannot be produced by mixing with other colours.
• Scattering of light ___ the duration of the day (make)
• Oil rises in a wick of oil lamp on account of a property of matter called Capillary Action
• a primary cell can ___ be charged again (not)
• When a person can see nearer objects but not the distant ones he is said to be suffering from : nearsightedness (myopia)
• ATP is a molecule containing high energy bonds.
• An example of inorganic compound is carbon monoxide.
• The time period of a pendulum on moon increases.
• Clinical thermometer usually measures in Fahrenheit.
• Tube light emits radiation even after it is disconnected. It is due to Fluorescence.
• Shortsightedness can be corrected with the use of Concave.
• Rectifier converts AC into DC
• Atomic weight of chemical compounds is determined by Mass spectroscopy.
• Atomic pile is a place where nuclear fission is made.
• Drinker's apparatus is for measuring the amount of Alcohol in the blood.
• Dewar's flask is called as thermos.
• The conversion of gases into liquid under high pressure and low temperature is called regulation.
• If a green leaf is seen in a red light its color will be black.
• Emerge of VIBGYOR from one side of the prism is due to refraction and dispersion of light.
• Oxidation is the process in which electron is lost.
• Half-time is a time of radioactive substance taken by that substance to decompose radioactivity to half of its weight.
• Light energy is stored in the form of chemical energy due to the activity of Chloroplast.
• Sunlight is composed of seven colours
• Oil rises in a wick of oil lamp on account of a property of matter called Capillary Action
• What is a Fata Morgana- Type of Mirage
• Freon-trademark for any of a number of chemical compounds containing fluorine, and often chlorine or bromine. Use: as solvents, as aerosol propellants, in refrigeration. It is commonly used in refrigerator.
• Hydrometer measures humidity
• Barometer measures atmospheric pressure
• Purity of milk is measured by lactometer
• Fathometer measures the depth of oceans.
• Sextant is used for measuring altitude of Sun and other heavenly bodies
• Chronometer records accurate time on ships
• Algesimeter indicates the degree of sensitiveness of skin
• Altimeter measures altitudes
• Ammeter measures current
• Anemometer records velocity of wind
• Cyamometer measures blueness of sky or ocean
• Dasymeter measures density of gas
• Galvanometer measures small electric current
• Hydrometer measures relative density of liquids
• Hygrometer measures humidity in atmosphere
• Hypsometer measures atmospheric pressure to ascertain elevations by determining boiling point of liquid. Or Hypsometer is an instrument for measuring the height above sea level.
• Manometer measures pressure of gases
• Micrometer measures minute distances
• Periscope is used for viewing objects above eye level
• Cyclotron is used for electromagnetic acceleration of charged atoms
• Geiger counter is used for detecting and recording radioactivity. It was invented by Hans Geiger (1882-1945)
• Pyrometer measures high temperatures
• Refrectometer measures refractive index of a substance
• Seismograph measures intensity of earthquake
• Telstar transmits wireless or T.V broadcast
• Viscometer measures viscosity of liquids
• Spiro graph records the movement of lungs
• Photometer measures rate of transpiration
• Scotograph is used for enbling blind to write
• Eratosthenes measures distance round the earth
• Kaldio-scopes have proved helpful in finding the amount of dampness in soil
• Mohr's scale measures degree of hardness of minerals
• RBC and WBC is bloods are counted by Hemocytometer.
• Manometer is the instrument of measuring gas pressure.
• Spectrometer instrument for measuring the spectrum of light.
• The variation in the blood flow can be heard with an instrument called _ stethoscope _
• What is measured by an interferometer-Wavelength of light
• Hydrophone is used for measuring sound under water.
• Magnometer is an instrument designed to compare the magnetic movement and field.
• Potometer is used to measure the rate of respiration in animal and plants.
• For measuring solar radiation we use pyrheliometer.
• Actimometer measures direct heating power of the Sun.
• Ammeter is use for measuring current strength.
• Manometer is the instrument of measuring gas pressure.
• Spectrometer instrument for measuring the spectrum of light.
• The measurement of rainfall is made by an instrument known as rain gauge
• What is measured with an ombrometer-Rainfall
• The instrument used to measure very high temperature: Infrared pyrometers
• Mechanical energy into electrical energy: Generator
• Heat energy into mechanical energy: Heat engine or steam engine.
• Electrical energy into mechanical energy: Electrical Motor
• Electrical energy into sound energy: Loudspeaker
• Sound energy into electrical energy: Microphone
• The device used to measure radioactivity: Geiger-Muller tube
• The device which converts the chemical energy into electrical energy: Battery
• The device used to measure radioactivity. Geiger counter
• Hygrometer is instrument used for measuring humidity of air.
• Heliscope is used for viewing the sun.
• What does a potometer measure- Water intake
• Clinical thermometer usually measures in Fahrenheit.
• Actimometer measures direct heating power of the Sun.
• Ammeter is use for measuring current strength
• Voltammeter is an electrolytic cell for conducting electrolytic dissociation of electrolyte.
• What does a drosomoter measure: Dew
• Relative density of an atmosphere is measured by hygrometer.
• Spirograph is an apparatus used for recording the movement of the lungs.
• The maximum limit of sound beyond which a person can become deaf is 129 lbs.
• Charles K Rhodes developed an X-Ray emitting laser in 1990.
• Son meter is an instrument used to study the behavior of vibrating string.
• The instrument used for measuring the velocity of wind is known as anemometer.
Altimeter: an apparatus used in aircraft for measuring altitudes.
Ammeter: is used for to measure intensity of sound.
Anemometer: is an instrument for measuring the force and velocity of wind.
Audiometer: an instrument to measure intensity of sound.
Audiophone: is an instrument required for improving imperfect sense of hearing.
Barograph: for continuous recording of atmospheric pressure.
Barometer: is an apparatus used for measuring the atmospheric pressure.
Binoculars: is an instrument used for seeing distant objects, the rays of light are twice reflected by means of right-angled prisms.
Callipers: a compass with legs for measuring the inside or outside diameter of bodies.
Calorimeter: an instrument used for measuring quantities of heat.
Carburettor: is an apparatus for charging air with petrol vapours in an internal combustion engine.
Cardiogram: a medical instrument used for tracing the movements of the heart.
Cardiograph: is a medical instrument for tracing heart movements.
Chronometer: is an instrument kept on board the ships for measuring accurate time.
Cinematograph: It consists of a series of lenses arranged to throw on a screen an enlarged image of photographs. The lens system which forms the image on the screen is termed the focusing lens.
Commutator: split ring which forms the main part of a D.C. Dynamo.
Compass needle: for knowing approximately the North-South direction at a place.
Crescograph: is an instrument for use in recording growth of plants; invented by J.C. Bose.
Dip Circle: It is an instrument used to determine the angle between the direction of the resultant intensity of earth's field and the horizontal component at a place. This particular angle is know as the dip of that place.
Drinker's apparatus: to help breathing in infantile paralysis.
Dynamo: The origin of electricity in a Dynamo is the transformation of mechanical energy into electrical energy. It depends on the principle of electro-magnetic induction whereby a current is produced on traversing a magnetic field.
Electroencephalograph (EEG): It is the technique of recording and interpreting the electrical activity of the brain. Records of the electrical activity of the brain, commonly known as "brain waves", are called electroencephalograms or electroencephalographs. EEG is the common abbreviation for both the technique and the records.
Epidiascope: for projecting films as well as images of opaque articles on a screen.
Eudiometer: It is a glass tube for measuring volume changes in chemical reactions between gases.
Fathometer: is an instrument used for measuring depth of the ocean.
Galvanometer: an instrument for measuring currents of small magnitude.
G.M. Counter (Geiger Muller Counter): This special device is used for detecting the presence of radiation and counting certain atomic particles.
Gramophone: an instrument with which we can reproduce the sound recorded by a suitable recording apparatus. It is fitted with a special type of apparatus known as sound box invented by Berliner.
Gravimeter: is an instrument for recording measurement under water and to determine the presence of oil deposits under water.
Gyroscope: is an instrument used to illustrate dynamics of rotating bodies. It is a type of spinning wheel fixed to the axle.
Hydrometer: is an instrument used for measuring the specific gravity of liquids.
Hydrophone: is an instrument used for recording sound under water.
Hygrometer: is an instrument used for measuring humidity in air.
Kymograph: is an instrument used to record graphically various physiological movements i.e., blood pressure, heart beating, study of lungs etc in living beings.
Lactometer: is an apparatus used for measuring the purity of milk.
Manometer: for determining the pressure of a gas.
Mariner's Compass: is an apparatus which is used to guide the sailors. The needle always points north-south.
Micrometer: is an instrument used for converting sound i.e., fraction of the lowest division of a given scale.
Microphone: is an instrument used for converting sound waves into electrical vibrations.
Microscope: is an instrument which is used for magnifying minute objects by a lens system.
Microtome: is used for cutting an object into thin parts for microscopic inspection.
Odometer: is an instrument by virtue of which the distance covered by wheeled vehicles is recorded.
Periscope: It is usually used by the crew of a submarine to survey the ships etc, on the surface of the sea while the submarine is under water. It also enables the sailors to observe objects on the other side of an obstacle without exposing themselves.
Phonograph: is an instrument used for reproducing sound.
Photometer: is an apparatus used to compare the illuminating power of two sources of light.
Pipette: It is a glass tube with the aid of which a definite volume of liquid may be transferred.
Potentiometer: is used for comparing the e.m.f.s, of cells, measurements of the thermal e.m.f.s, large potential differences and currents. It is also used for measuring low resistances.
Psychrometer: is an instrument for measurement of the humidity of the atmosphere.
Pyrometer: is an instrument for recording high temperatures from a great distance (i.e., for recording temperature of the sun etc.) by making use of the laws of radiation.
Radar: Radio, Angle, Detection And Range is used to detect the direction and range of an approaching aeroplane by means of radio microwaves.
Rain Gauge: is an apparatus for recording of rainfall at a particular place.
Radiometer: is an instrument for measuring the emission of radiant energy.
Refractometer: is an instrument to measure refractive indices.
Saccharimeter: is an instrument for determining the amount of sugar in a solution. It is used in breweries.
Seismometer or Seismograph: is an instrument used for recording earthquake shocks.
Sextant: is an instrument invented by John Hadley used for measuring the altitude of the sun and of other inaccessible heavenly bodies.
Spectrometer: (1) It is a type of spectroscope suitable for the precise measurements of refractive indices. (2) An instrument for measuring the energy distribution of a particular type of radiation.
Speedometer: is an instrument which indicates speed at which a vehicle is moving.
Spherometer: is an instrument for measuring curvature of surfaces.
Sphygmomanometer: an instrument used for measuring arterial blood-pressure.
Sphygmophone: an instrument, with the help of which a pulse beat makes a sound.
Sphygmoscope: an instrument, by virtue of which, arterial pulsations become visible.
Stereoscope: It is a special type of binocular, through which a double photograph snapped from two different angles by a two-lensed camera is viewed in solid relief.
Stethoscope: is an instrument to hear and analyse movements of heart and lungs.
Stop watch: for recording small intervals of time in the laboratory, in races and other events.
Stroboscope: is an instrument for viewing objects moving rapidly with a periodic motion and to see them as if they were at rest.
Tachometer: is an instrument for determining speeds of aeroplanes and motor boats.
Telephone: a device by virtue of which two persons at two different places can communicate. It consists of two main parts (i) a microphone and (ii) a receiver.
Teleprinter: an instrument which prints automatically messages sent from one place to another, on telegraph lines.
Telescope: is an apparatus used for observing distant objects.
Theodolite: is an instrument for measuring horizontal and vertical angles.
Thermocouple: an instrument based on thermo-electricity used for measuring temperatures.
Thermometer: is an apparatus used for measuring temperature.
Thermostat: It is an instrument used to regulate the temperature to a particular degree.
Viscometer: is an instrument to measure viscosity.
Scientific studies of various fields
acarology– study of mites
accidence– grammar book; science of inflections in grammar
aceology– therapeutics
acology — study of medical remedies
acoustics — science of sound
adenology — study of glands
aedoeology — science of generative organs
aerobiology — study of airborne organisms
aerodonetics– science or study of gliding
aerodynamics — dynamics of gases; science of movement in a flow of air or gas
bacteriology — study of bacteria
balneology — the science of the therapeutic use of baths
barodynamics– science of the support and mechanics of bridges
barology– study of gravitation
batology– the study of brambles
bibliology– study of books
bibliotics– study of documents to determine authenticity
bioecology– study of interaction of life in the environment
biology — study of life
biometrics– study of biological measurement
bionomics– study of organisms interacting in their environments
botany– study of plants
bromatology — study of food
brontology — scientific study of thunder
campanology– the art of bell ringing
carcinology– study of crabs and other crustaceans
cardiology– study of the heart
caricology– study of sedges
carpology — study of fruit
cartography — the science of making maps and globes
cartophily– the hobby of collecting cigarette cards
castrametation — the art of designing a camp
catacoustics–science of echoes or reflected sounds
catalactics– science of commercial exchange
catechectics — the art of teaching by question and answer
cetology — study of whales and dolphins
chalcography– the art of engraving on copper or brass
chalcotriptics– art of taking rubbings from ornamental brasses
chaology — the study of chaos or chaos theory
characterology — study of development of character
chemistry– study of properties of substances
chirocosmetics– beautifying the hands; art of manicure
diabology– study of devils
diagraphics– art of making diagrams or drawings
dialectology — study of dialects
dioptrics — study of light refraction
diplomatics — science of deciphering ancient writings and texts
diplomatology– study of diplomats
docimology– the art of assaying
dosiology– the study of doses
dramaturgy — art of producing and staging dramatic works
E to I
Egyptology– study of ancient Egypt
ekistics– study of human settlement
electrochemistry– study of relations between electricity and chemicals
electrology — study of electricity
electrostatics– study of static electricity
embryology– study of embryos
emetology — study of vomiting
emmenology — the study of menstruation
endemiology– study of local diseases
endocrinology– study of glands
enigmatology– study of enigmas
entomology– study of insects
entozoology– study of parasites that live inside larger organisms
enzymology– study of enzymes
ephebiatrics– branch of medicine dealing with adolescence
epidemiology– study of diseases; epidemics
fluviology — study of watercourses
folkloristics– study of folklore and fables
futurology– study of future
garbology– study of garbage
gastroenterology — study of stomach; intestines
gastronomy– study of fine dining
gemmology– study of gems and jewels
genealogy– study of descent of families
genesiology– study of reproduction and heredity
genethlialogy– the art of casting horoscopes
geochemistry– study of chemistry of the earth's crust
geochronology— study of measuring geological time
geogeny– science of the formation of the earth's crust
geogony– study of formation of the earth
geography– study of surface of the earth and its inhabitants
geology — study of earth's crust
geomorphogeny– study of the origins of land forms
geoponics– study of Agriculture
hydrography– study of investigating bodies of water
hydrokinetics– study of motion of fluids
hydrology– study of water resources
hydrometeorology– study of atmospheric moisture
hydropathy — study of treating diseases with water
hyetology– science of rainfall
hygiastics — science of health and hygiene
hygienics– study of sanitation; health
hygiology– hygienics; study of cleanliness
hygrology– study of humidity
hygrometry — science of humidity
hymnography– study of writing hymns
hymnology — study of hymns
hypnology– study of sleep; study of hypnosis
hypsography– science of measuring heights
iamatology — study of remedies
iatrology– treatise or text on medical topics; study of medicine
iatromathematics– archaic practice of medicine in conjunction with astrology
ichnography– art of drawing ground plans; a ground plan
ichnology– science of fossilized footprints
ichthyology– study of Fish
iconography– study of drawing symbols
iconology– study of icons; symbols
ideogeny– study of origins of ideas
ideology — science of ideas; system of ideas used to justify behaviour
idiomology– study of idiom, jargon or dialect
idiopsychology– psychology of one's own mind
immunogenetics– study of genetic characteristics of immunity
immunology– study of immunity
immunopathology– study of immunity to disease
insectology — study of insects
irenology — the study of peace
K to O
koniology — study of atmospheric pollutants and dust
ktenology — science of putting people to death
kymatology — study of wave motion
labeorphily– collection and study of beer bottle labels
larithmics– study of population statistics
laryngology — study of larynx
lepidopterology — study of butterflies and moths
leprology– study of leprosy
lexicology — study of words and their meanings
lexigraphy– art of definition of words
lichenology — study of lichens
limacology– study of slugs
limnobiology– study of freshwater ecosystems
limnology — study of bodies of fresh water
linguistics — study of language
lithology– malariology study of malaria
mammalogy– study of mammals
manège– the art of horsemanship
Mariology– study of the Virgin Mary
martyrology– study of martyrs
mastology– study of mammals
mathematics– study of magnitude, number, and forms
mazology– mammalogy; study of mammals
mechanics — study of action of force on bodies
meconology– study of or treatise concerning opium
melittology — study of bees
mereology– study of part-whole relationships
mesology — ecology
metallogeny– study of the origin and distribution of metal deposits
metallography– study of the structure and constitution of metals
metallurgy– study of alloying and treating metals
nidology — study of nests
nomology– the science of the laws; especially of the mind
noology– science of the intellect
nosology — study of diseases
nostology– study of senility
notaphily– collecting of bank-notes and cheques
numerology — study of numbers
numismatics– study of coins
nymphology– study of nymphs
obstetrics– study of midwifery
oceanography– study of oceans
oceanology — study of oceans
odology — science of the hypothetical mystical force of od
odontology– study of teeth
oenology– study of wines
oikology — science of housekeeping
olfactology– study of the sense of smell
ombrology — study of rain
oncology — study of tumours
oneirology — study of dreams
orthography– study of spelling
orthopterology– study of cockroaches
oryctology — mineralogy or paleontology
osmics– scientific study of smells
osmology– study of smells and olfactory processes
osphresiology– study of the sense of smell
osteology — study of bones
otology — study of the ear
otorhinolaryngology– study of ear, nose and throat
P to T
paedology– study of children
paedotrophy– art of rearing children
paidonosology– study of children's diseases; pediatrics
palaeoanthropology– study of early humans
palaeobiology — study of fossil plants and animals
palaeoclimatology– study of ancient climates
palaeolimnology– study of ancient Fish
palaeolimnology– study of ancient lakes
palaeontology– study of fossils
philately– study of postage stamps
philematology — the act or study of kissing
phillumeny– collecting of matchbox labels
philology — study of ancient texts; historical linguistics
philosophy– science of knowledge or wisdom
phoniatrics — study and correction of speech defects
phonology — study of speech sounds
psychology– study of mind
psychopathology– study of mental illness
psychophysics– study of link between mental and physical processes
pteridology — study of ferns
pterylology — study of distribution of feathers on birds
pyretology — study of fevers
pyrgology — study of towers
pyroballogy– study of artillery
pyrography– study of woodburning
quinology — study of quinine
raciology– study of racial differences
radiology– study of X-rays and their medical applications
reflexology– study of reflexes
rhabdology — knowledge or learning concerning divining rods
rhabdology — art of calculating using numbering rods
rheology — science of the deformation or flow of matter
rheumatology– study of rheumatism
rhinology– study of the nose
rhochrematics– science of inventory management and the movement of products
runology — study of runes
sarcology– study of fleshy parts of the body
satanology — study of the devil
scatology– study of excrement or obscene literature
schematonics– art of using gesture to express tones
sciagraphy– art of shading
scripophily — collection of bond and share certificates
sedimentology — study of sediment
seismology — study of earthquakes
selenodesy– study of the shape and features of the moon
selenology– study of the moon
semantics — study of meaning
semantology– science of meanings of words
semasiology– study of meaning; semantics
topology– study of places and their natural features
toponymics– study of place-names
toreutics — study of artistic work in metal
toxicology — study of poisons
toxophily — love of archery; archery; study of archery
traumatology– study of wounds and their effects
tribology — study of friction and wear between surfaces
trichology– study of hair and its disorders
trophology– study of nutrition
tsiganology– study of gypsies
turnery– art of turning in a lathe
typhlology– study of blindness and the blind
typography– art of printing or using type
typology– study of types of things
U to Z
ufology– study of alien spacecraft
uranography– descriptive astronomy and mapping
uranology– study of the heavens; astronomy
urbanology– study of cities
urenology– study of rust molds
urology — study of urine; urinary tract
venereology– study of venereal disease
vermeology– study of worms
vexillology– study of flags
victimology– study of victims
vinology — scientific study of vines and winemaking
virology– study of viruses
vitrics– glassy materials; glassware; study of glassware
volcanology — study of volcanoes
vulcanology– study of volcanoes
xylography– art of engraving on wood
xylology — study of wood
zenography– study of the planet Jupiter
zoiatrics– veterinary surgery
zooarchaeology– study of animal remains of archaeological sites
zoochemistry– chemistry of animals
zoogeography– study of geographic distribution of animals
zoogeology — study of fossil animal remains
zoology– study of animals
zoonomy– animal physiology
zoonosology– study of animal diseases
zoopathology– study of animal diseases
zoophysics– physics of animal bodies
zoophysiology — study of physiology of animals
zoophytology– study of plant-like animals
zoosemiotics– study of animal communication
zootaxy– science of classifying animals
zootechnics– science of breeding animals
zygology — science of joining and fastening
zymology — science of fermentation
zymurgy– branch of chemistry dealing with brewing and distilling
Vitamin A
Deficiency Symptoms
night blindness
loss of smell
appetite loss
Natural Sources
Carrots, Fish liver oils, liver, green leafy vegetables .
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
Deficiency Symptoms
shortness of breath
numb hands/feet
Natural Sources
Whole grains, brewers yeast, wheat germ, rice, seeds and milk.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Deficiency Symptoms
corner of mouth cracks and sores
poor digestion
Natural Sources
Liver, cheese, fish, eggs, seeds, and cooked leafy vegetables.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Deficiency Symptoms
dental cavities
Natural Sources
Rose hips, citrus fruits, black currants, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, and green bell peppers.
Vitamin D
Deficiency Symptoms
tooth decay
Natural Sources
Fortified milk, egg yolks, butter, fish liver oils, sardines, salmon, mushrooms, and sunflower seeds.
Vitamin E
Deficiency Symptoms
enlarged prostrate gland
Natural Sources
Wheat germ, brussel sprouts, leafy greens, vegetable oils, and eggs.
Vitamin K (Menadione)
Deficiency Symptoms
nose bleeds
Natural Sources
Kelp, alfalfa, yogurt, safflower oil, fish liver oil, and leafy green vegetables.
• Deficiency of vitamin A causes dryness of skin and night blindness
• Skin food is Vitamin C
• Vitamin C is also called Ascorbic Acid it prevents scurvy
• Vitamin C is also necessary for utilization of iron
• The food which contains largest amount of Vitamin C is tomato
• Cod liver oil contains Vitamin D
• Collagen is the substance that gives elasticity to skin
• Vitamin E promotes oxygenation and acts as anti aging
• Carbon dioxide we release comes from food we eat
• Vitamin B2 has what other name Riboflavin
• Fats are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
• Vitamin E is called anti-aging agent
• Vitamin E helps in fertility process
• Vitamin B helps maintain normal appetite and good digestion
• Protein found in milk is Casein, in beans is Legumes, in meat is myosin and in eggs is albumin
• Water soluble vitamin are B and C and all other are fat soluble
• Vitamin A is stored as Ester in liver
• Vitamin A is found in carotene bearing plants
• Vitamin K helps to form prothrobin (fibro gin) one of the enzymes helpful in blood clotting
• Vitamin E is necessary for iron utilization; normal reproductive function. Vitamin E is for reproduction.
• Vitamin A is found in Dairy products
• Deficiency of Vitamin A causes Night blindness.
• Too much presence of the Potassium salt in human blood increase the risk of heart attack.
• The lack of calcium in the diet causes what condition-Rickets
• Celluloses are carbohydrates.
• Milk contains lactose.
• Vitamin C is a preventor of infectious disease
• Vitamin C is also called Skin food
• Vitamin C can easily be lost in cooking and food storage
• Vitamin D is essential for calcium metabolism.
• Vitamin C hastens healing of wounds
• Vitamin capable of formation of blood is B12
• Riches source of Vitamin D is code liver oil
• Riches source of Vitamin A is eggs
• Deficiency of Calcium leads to rickets
• Vitamin B1 is available is yeast.
• Scury, arising due to deficiency of vitamin C, it is related to Gastro-intestinal disorder.
• Sodium is necessary of nervous system.
• Vitamin D is essential for calcium metabolism.
• Cheese contains vitamin D.
• Vitamin C can not be stored in human body.
• Scurvy, arising due to deficiency of vitamin C, it is related to Gastro-intestinal disorder.
• Sodium is necessary of nervous system.
• Ground nut has maximum protein
• Digestion of fat in intestine is aided by Emulsification
• Hair, finger nails, hoofs, etc are all make of protein
• Deficiency of sodium and potassium causes muscular cramps, headache and diahrae
• Milk contains 80% water
• Milk is a complete food.
• Cheese contains vitamin D.
• Vitamin E is for reproduction.
• Deficiency of Thiamine causes Beri Beri.
• Glucose is the source of energy for human brain.
• Major component of honey is Glucose
• Three main food nutrients are carbohydrates, protein and fats. Other are vitamins and minerals
• Meat is rich in iron we need to make blood cells
• Eating of coconut increases man's mental faculties
• Food poisoning can result from the eating of too much toadstools.
• Vitamin c is also known as Ascorbic Acid.
• Celluloses are carbohydrates.
• Milk contains lactose
• Ascorbic acid is essential for the formation of bones and teeth.
• Citric acid is a good substitution for ascorbic acid in our nutrition.
• A guava contains more vitamin C than an orange
• Vitamin not stored in human body…..C
• Taxidermy means stuffing dead animals
• Stenography means short hand writing
• Psoriasis is a learning disability
• Paleontology is study of fossils.
• Hematology is the study of blood.
• Study of earth is geology
• Acoustics is the science of sound
• Cytology is the study of cell
• Entomology is the study of insects.
• Apiculture is science of bee keeping
• Ornithology is the science of birds
• Philology is the science of languages
• Oncology is the study of cancer
• Exobiology is the study of life in outer space
• Numismatics is the study of coins
• Eugenics is the study of altering humans by changing their genes or it refers to Improvement of human race
• Ethology is the study of animal behavior
• Anthropology is the study of origin and physical and cultural development of mankind
• Carpology is the study of fruits and seeds.
• Pathology deals with diseases
• Histology deals with organic tissues
• Pedology is the study of soil
• Cryogenics deals with the production, control and application of low temperatures
• Seismology is study of movements inside earth's crust
• Ailurophobe is fear of animals
• Pyrophobia is fear of fire.
• Ambidextrous is one who can write with both hands.
• Astrophysics is a branch of astronomy which deals with the physical and chemical nature of heavenly bodies.
• . A etiology is the study of causes of disease.
• Concho logy is the study of shells.
• Cryptology is the study of codes.
• Dendrology is the study of trees.
• Ergonomics is the study of relationships between people and their working environment.
• Graphology is the study of handwriting.
• Ichthyology in the study of fish.
• Psychological study of life in artificial environment is called biopsy.
• Forms and features are studies under the branch of Marphology.
• Paleontology is the study of fossils.
• Phycology is the study of Algae.
• Mycology is the study of fungi.
• The art of compiling dictionary is called Lexicography.
• Anthropology is the study of man.
• Cartography is the art of making maps and charts.
• Philately is hobby of stamp collecting.
• The branch of zoology, which deals with the study of insects is called entomology
• The production of generally identical reproduction is called as Cloning
• A petrologist studies what- Rocks history formation etc
• An onomastician studies what – Names
• Thanatology is the study of what Death
• The study of human population is called Demography.
• What does an otologist study-The ear and its diseases
• Noologists study what-The Mind
• Semiology is the study of what-Signals
• What is silviculture- Forestry
• What is Xylography- Wood Engraving
• Paleontology is the science of history of life.
• Meteorology is the study of study of weather.
• Cryptography is the study which deals with the secret writing.
• Hydroponics means cultivation of the plants without use of soil.
• Hyetology is the study of rainfall.
• Mycology is the study of fungus and fungi diseases.
• Numismatics is the study of coins.
• Petrology is the study of rocks in the earth's crust.
• Amniocentesis is a method for determination of foetal sex.
• What is Steganography: Invisible ink writing
• Ichthyologists study what Fish
• What does a psephologist study: Voting – Elections
• What is studied in Aerology-Planet Mars
• What does a philologist study- Languages
• Orthoepy is the study of what-Word pronunciation
• A philomath has a love of what- Learning
• What is a nidologist interested in-Birds nests
• What is philography- Autograph collecting
• Agronomy is the science of soil management.
• Penology is the study, theory and practice of prison management & criminal rehabilitation.
• Chemical preservation of dead organisms in liquid is called Cryo-Bilogy.
• Orthoepy is the study of what-Word pronunciation
• What does a philologist study- Languages
• Chlama domonas is unicellular plant


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Jeff JudenRetired Players
Pitcher | Ht: | Wt:
|Orioles | Juden Cut
Sat, 03 Apr 2004 01:01:18 -0800
Baltimore Orioles P Jeff Juden has been released from the team's minor-league camp, according to The Baltimore Sun.
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|Orioles | Welcome Back, It's Been A Long Time
Sun, 07 Mar 2004 01:48:31 -0800
The Baltimore Sun reports the Baltimore Orioles signed P Jeff Juden to a minor-league contract, financial terms of which were undisclosed. Juden hasn't pitched in the majors since 1999 or professionally since 2001. He will be assigned to Triple-A Ottawa.
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text:
Francis Damberger directed this Canadian period drama adapted from Betty Lambert's play, Jennie's Story. In a remote Alberta community during the Depression, farmer's wife Jennie McGrane (Christianne Hirt) believes the reason she can't have a child is because she's being punished by God. In truth, she had an affair with a priest (more
All Heart of the Sun cast + crew photos
Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
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text:
Title: From Jonathan B. Fuller to Dear Father
Description: On June 20, 1864, Jonathan B. Fuller writes from Kansas City, Missouri to his father. Fuller reports that his Sunday church congregation was smaller than usual "on account of the details for Guard duty. For everybody is under arms. The soldiers are off scouring the country for bushwhackers. We…are supposed to be in danger of an attack--so all hands, Rebel & Radical--old and young--are armed and standing guard every night." Fuller also describes escalating political tension within his church.
Date original: June 20, 1864
Topic: Surviving a Guerrilla War; Guerrillas; Bushwhackers; Women; Battle for Missouri, 1861-1865 -- Military History of Missouri and Kansas; Missouri military units (Union)
Owning organization: The State Historical Society of Missouri Research Center-Kansas City
Document Type: letter
Publication Statement: Jonathan B. Fuller (1840?-1928) Papers (K0040): f.11, Item 4
Organization location: For more information on using this image, contact the The State Historical Society of Missouri Research Center-Kansas City at: 302 Newcomb Hall, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5123 Holmes Street, Kansas City MO 64110, Phone: (816) 235-1543, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Publication, commercial use, or reproduction of this image or the accompanying data requires prior written permission from the The State Historical Society of Missouri Research Center-Kansas City. Use of this image also requires that credit be given to the The State Historical Society of Missouri Research Center-Kansas City.
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October 4, 2015
Gov. Brown Signs Bill to Criminalize Sale of White Gold
Gov. Jerry Brown signed Assembly Bill 96 into law, a bill authored by Assembly Speaker Toni Atkins, D-San Diego, to ban the commercial trade in ivory or rhino horn. Sen. Ricardo Lara, D-Bell Gardens, was the principal co-author of the bill.
Wayne Pacelle, president and CEO of The Humane Society of the United States, is issuing the following statement:
"Buying ivory trinkets or rhino potion is something of a death warrant for elephants and rhinos back in their native lands. That's why it's so important that Gov. Brown has signed legislation that commits California to do its part in the global war against the murderous trade in their parts."
Last year, New Jersey and New York enacted similar bans. In November, Washington state voters consider a ballot measure, I-1401, to ban the commercial trade in ivory, rhino horn and a range of parts from other endangered species. The Obama Administration proposed an interstate ban on ivory trade, and President Obama and the president of China both committed to enact similar, comprehensive measures to attack the problem.
Media Contact: Samantha Miller: 301-258-1466; email@example.com


text:
WASHINGTON, Nov. 17 (UPI) -- U.S. Rep. Dennis Kucinich, D-Ohio, challenged members of Congress this week to end tax deductions for companies that sell junk food to children.
"Did you know that we're actually giving tax deductions out to big companies that go ahead and advertise and market products that contribute to childhood obesity?" Kucinich asked in a floor speech on the day that Hostess Brands filed in bankruptcy court for permission to liquidate the company.
Kucinich introduced a bill ending deductions for junk-food companies and said such a move would help avoid the so-called fiscal cliff, The Hill reported Saturday.
Economists have warned the budget plan agreed to in 2011 -- allowing the debt ceiling to be raised in exchange for spending cuts and an end to tax rate cuts enacted during the administration of former President George W. Bush -- would send the economy over a "fiscal cliff."
The combination of spending cuts and higher tax rates would put the recovering economy back into a recession, economists have warned.
Hostess Brands is the maker of Twinkies, Ho-Hos and Wonder Bread. It said this week it does not have the resources to weather a strike by 5,000 bakers that has temporarily closed its production facilities.
"So what I'm doing is introducing a bill right now that would protect children's health by denying any deduction for advertising and marketing that's directed at children to promote the consumption of food at fast-food restaurants or any kind of food of poor nutritional quality," Kucinich said.
"When this bill becomes law, if it's adopted in the negotiations to avoid a fiscal cliff, we can find a way not only to reduce childhood obesity by blocking these deductions for the advertising, but we can also enable our children's health to be put on a better path, and our country's health to be put on a better path," he said.


text:
- This event has passed.
Nursing Information Session (Mandatory)
August 8, 4:00 pm to 5:30 pm
One event on May 23, 2018 at 4:00pm
One event on June 13, 2018 at 4:00pm
One event on July 18, 2018 at 4:00pm
One event on August 8, 2018 at 4:00pm
One event on September 26, 2018 at 4:00pm
One event on October 24, 2018 at 4:00pm
One event on November 7, 2018 at 4:00pm
One event on December 12, 2018 at 4:00pm
Attend a Nursing Program Information Session
Please Note: Mandatory Nursing Information Sessions are required for students applying to the Nursing program. Due to this requirement attendees are asked to arrive on-time for the information session. Walk-ins are welcome but once the session has started no late arrivals will be allowed to attend. The sessions start at exactly 4:00 pm – please arrive promptly.
Haverhill Campus:
100 Elliott St., Haverhill, MA
Visitor parking is available in the lot across College Avenue from the Hartleb Technology Center, 100 Elliott St., Haverhill, MA. You can view maps for visitor and free parking here.
More Information
View all of the Health Information Session Dates and Nursing Programs at NECC.


text:
Partnership East is making it possible for students throughout eastern North Carolina to obtain four-year degrees in education from East Carolina University in their local communities.
Students graduate with a four-year degree from ECU by completing the first two years of the program at any one of our partnering community colleges followed by taking ECU courses online. Throughout the program, students are placed in public school classrooms in or near their home communities to participate in learning opportunities related to their online coursework. A supervised, full-time internship in a public school classroom is required for all students in their senior year.


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Last spring I ordered two assortments of caladium tubers, one from a leading mail-order company in the Northeast, and the other from a grower in Central Florida.
When they arrived I planted the contents of one package in one part of the garden and the other package in another area, but the sites weren`t very different in terms of light, moisture and the amount of fertilizer they would receive.
My plantings didn`t start out to be a comparison test of the two assortments, and it was a bit of a surprise when the Florida tubers began to push up leaves in just a few days, whereas there wasn`t a sign of foliage from the others for close to a month. And when they all were in full foliage, the Florida plants were thicker and lusher than the others.
That`s not to say the tubers from up North were not completely satisfactory. Indeed, I would have been impressed at their performance had I not planted the Florida caladiums, too.
Actually, it is likely all those caladiums I ordered originated in Central Florida. More than 90 percent of the caladium tubers produced in the world are grown in an area around Lake Placid and Sebring. It may simply have been that the tubers from the company in the Northeast were older and had lost some of their vigor.
This week my caladiums, dormant all winter, have just begun to poke little spikes of tightly rolled leaves above the ground. In another six weeks there should be a bed of big, colorful leaves that will last all summer without much care.
Because they are such showoffs, caladiums are familiar to most gardeners. They`re one of the few plants that will give us bright color in the garden during the summer months, especially in those shady, hard-to-grow-anything spots.


text:
I'm happy to receive products to review or free entry to places to visit. I don't always say yes but if you have something that you think would appeal to my family and readers feel free to contact me.
I particularly love to try anything that makes household tasks quicker and easier or tastes good (reviewed in partnership with my Chief Taster 6 year old Euan) and my toddler Luca would be thrilled to road test anything he can bash, colour or sing to.
Mud and Bloom gardening and crafting monthly subscription box
Little Brian mini paint sticks (with video)
OXO Tot twist top water bottle (with video)
OXO stocking filler gift ideas
Pulsin pea protein powder (used in gluten free cake)
Pulsin and Beond snack bars
OXO Good Grips sippy cup, twist top bottle, mini dustpan and brush and butterfly mop
OXO Good Grips spiralizers
OXO Good Grips Cookie press
JCB Kids clothing
OXO Good Grips Bakers 8 piece silicone decorating set
Nom Nom Kids reusable food pouches
Loveit Loveit Loveit ethical, organic, unisex children's clothing
Doodle Bear
Tahoma Bogs boots
Tommee Tippee Explorer Active Sport cup
Braun Thermoscan 7
Natures Path Hot & Steamy gluten-free oats
Happy Little Soles (barefoot shoe brands – Livie and Luca, See Kai Run and Bobux)
Swim Fin
Baby Bogs
Traidcraft toys
Alphabites and Bear snacks
Oxo Good Grips 3in1 berry bowl
Cawston Press juices
Rachel's Organic Greek Style coconut yoghurt
Oxo Good Grips pineapple slicer
Oxo Good Grips Tea ball
Rachel's Organic Low Fat Mango yoghurt
Carotino oil
Oxo Good Grips liquiseal travel mug
Dreambaby stairgate
Oxo stocking filler ideas (cherry pitter, angled measuring jug, spice jar measuring spoons, spice grater, bag cinch, palm brush)
Braun digital thermometers
Rachel's Organic Greek Style Coconut yoghurt
Oxo Good grips hand held mixer and mixing bowl
Five Valleys Cordials: cherry & beetroot, apricot & ginger, kaffir lime & cocounut, peach & lychee
Oxo Tots big kid water bottle
Miracle gro flower magic
Boursin black pepper portions
Rachel's Organic Yogurt: My first yoghurts for babies
Montezuma's great balls of fire chocolate
Love the Garden chilli peppers info graphic
Boursin round cheeses
Five Valleys fruit cordials: lemon & mint, pomegranate & rose
Welch's fruit juices
Baker Days letterbox cakes
Hotel Chocolat cocoa powder
Hotel Chocolat white chocolate selection
Hotel Chocolat Classic Christmas Selection
Hotel Chocolat mulled wine cherries, mince pies and chilli and almond yule log
Hotel Chocolat cocoa nibs balsamic vinegar
Hotel Chocolat Easter Egg Nibblatrons
Hotel Chocolat Valentines Collection
Disclosure policy
This is a personal family blog written and edited by Nic Moorey.
From time to time I'm asked to include sponsored content in a blog post for which compensation may be offered. I only accept offers that are a good fit with the main themes of my blog: gardening, cooking, crafting and parenting a small cute boy. I will always be transparent with readers about posts that include a sponsored link in accordance with the disclosure guidelines recommended for bloggers.
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3 Comments Add your own
Hi there,
Would love to offer you and you readers free ticket to come to a show we organise called – V Delicious – the Veggie Good Food Show. Please email firstname.lastname@example.com and I shall be in touch with more information 🙂
I'm pleased you like the Jerusalem/porcini mushroom soup – meet the creator . It came runner-up in a create-your-own soup competition run by New Covent Garden and The Mail on Sunday , a few years back . It still appears in the NCG cookbooks , without acknowledgement , Grrrr