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Seat suspension method
Seat suspension method
Patent Drawings:
(21 images)
Ritchie, et al.
Date Issued:
March 12, 2002
February 4, 1999
Mayenburg; Michael von
(Lake Oswego, OR)
Ritchie; Norman E.
(Portland, OR)
Freightliner LLC
(Portland, OR)
Primary Examiner:
Ramirez; Ramon O.
Assistant Examiner:
Le; Tan
Attorney Or Agent:
Klarquist Sparkman LLP
U.S. Class:
Field Of Search:
International Class:
U.S Patent Documents:
Foreign Patent Documents:
Other References:
P 82 from Jan. 15, 1998, issue of Machine Design Showing prior art Navigator Air Spring..
Monroe Sensatrac Shocks and Struts advertisement (undated) showing prior art shock absorber with piston bypass grooves..
Shock Absorber drawing showing prior art shock absorber..
A seat suspension method in one approach involves applying a dampening force over less than the full range over which a seat may be raised and lowered by a seat height adjuster. The step of applying a dampening force may comprise applying such a force which varies non-linearly, depending upon the extent a seat moves as a result of seat vibration. In several specific approaches, unlatching of the dampening mechanism may be accomplished to permit relative movement of the seat and seat support mechanism during seat height adjustment. Relatching of the vibration damper may be accomplished to again apply a dampening force. The seat may automatically be returned toward a desired elevation in the event loading on the seat is varied, for example if a seat occupant leaves the seat.
We claim:
1. A method of suspending a seat above the floor of a vehicle comprising:
positioning a seat at a first elevation relative to the floor of the vehicle;
allowing the seat to move in response to vibrations;
applying a dampening force which varies non-linearly over at least certain ranges of seat movement in response to vibration so as to dampen the vibrations; and
in which the act of allowing the seat to move in response to vibrations comprises the act of allowing the seat to move between first and second extremes of motion in response to vibrations, the method also comprising the act of biasing the seatto a central or home position between the first and second extremes of motion, the dampening, force varying non-linearly over at least predetermined ranges of scat movement from the central position.
2. A method according to claim 1 including the act of automatically returning the seat toward the central position in the event the seat moves outside of the first and extremes of motion such as in response to variation in the load on the seat.
3. A method of suspending a seat above the floor of a vehicle comprising:
supporting the seat so as to permit movement of the seat in response to vibrations;
positioning the seat at a first elevation above the floor of the vehicle;
applying a dampening force to the seat to dampen the motion of the seat in response to the vibrations;
positioning the seat at a second elevation relative to the floor;
relieving the dampening force during at least a portion of the time the seat is being shifted; and
reapplying the dampening force.
4. A method according to claim 3 in which the act of reapplying the dampening force comprises the act of reapplying a dampening force to the seat which is of the same magnitude as the dampening force applied to the seat at the first elevationand immediately prior to positioning the seat at the second elevation.
5. A method of suspending a seat above the floor of a vehicle comprising:
supporting the seat so as to permit movement of the seat in response to vibrations;
positioning the seat at a first elevation above the floor of the vehicle;
applying a dampening force to the seat to dampen the motion of the seat in response to the vibrations;
positioning the seat at a second elevation relative to the floor;
relieving the dampening force during at least a portion of the time the seat is being shifted;
reapplying the dampening force; and
in which the acts of positioning the seat at the first and second elevations and supporting the seat so as to permit motion of the seat in response to vibrations comprises the act of supporting the seat on an air spring and changing the inflationof the air spring to shift the seat from the first elevation to the second elevation, the act of applying a dampening force comprising the act of coupling a vibration damper to the seat, the act of relieving the dampening force comprising the act ofdecoupling the vibration damper from the seat during at least a portion of the time the elevation of the seat is being changed to relieve the dampening force and wherein the act of reapplying the dampening force comprises the act of recoupling thevibration damper to the seat.
6. A method according to claim 5 comprising the act of latching the seat when in position at the desired first and second elevations and unlatching the seat when moving the scat to another desired elevation, and wherein the act of relieving thedampening force comprises the act of simultaneously decoupling the vibration damper to the seat upon unlatching the seat and recoupling the vibration damper to the seat upon latching the seat.
7. A method according to claim 5 comprising the act of coupling an elongated upright shaft to the vehicle seat, the act of decoupling the vibration damper from the seat comprising the act of permitting the shaft to slide relative to thevibration damper, and wherein the act of reapplying the decoupling force comprises the act of preventing the shaft from sliding relative to the vibration damper.
8. A method according to claim 7 in which the act of applying a dampening force to the seat comprises the act of applying a nonlinear dampening force to the seat.
9. A method according to claim 7 in which the act of reapplying the dampening force comprises the act of moving at least one gripping element into position to grip the shaft and wherein the act of decoupling the vibration damper from the seatcomprises the act of releasing the shaft from the at least one gripping elements.
10. A method according to claim 5 comprising the act of positioning the seat at first and second elevations comprises the act of raising or lowering a seat support by inflating or deflating the air spring to adjust the seat elevation, andwherein the act of relieving the dampening force comprises the act of unlatching the vibration damper from the seat support at least during portions of the time that the position of the seat is being changed and the act of reapplying the dampening forcecomprises the act of latching the vibration damper to the seat support to latch the seat at the desired elevation, such that the elevation of the seat may be changed when the vibration damper is unlatched without dampening by the vibration damper andsuch that upon latching the vibration damper to the seat support a dampening force is applied to the seat to reduce vibrations of the seat.
11. A method according to claim 10 in which the act of applying a dampening force comprises the act of applying a non-linear dampening force to the seat.
12. A method of suspending a seat above the floor of a vehicle comprising:
supporting the seat so as to permit movement of the seat in response to vibrations;
positioning the seat at a first elevation above the floor of the vehicle;
applying a dampening force to the seat to dampen the motion of the seat in response to the vibrations;
positioning the seat at a second elevation relative to the floor;
relieving the dampening force during at least a portion of the time the seat is being shifted; and
reapplying the dampening force; and
the method further comprising the act of unlatching the seat to permit positioning of the seat from the first elevation to the second elevation and relatching the seat to position the seat at the second elevation, wherein the act of supportingthe seat comprises the act of supporting the seat so as to permit movement of the seat from the elevation at which the seat is positioned between upper and lower extremes of motion in response to vibration, the act of applying a dampening force comprisesthe act of applying a dampening force which biases the seat toward a central position between the upper and lower extremes of motion, the method also including the act of shifting the elevation of the seat toward the central position in the event theseat is latched and the seat travels beyond the upper and lower extremes of motion, such travel resulting from the occupant leaving the seat or other variations in the load on the seat.
13. A method of suspending a seat above the floor of a vehicle comprising:
supporting a seat from the floor of the vehicle by a seat support which permits the seat to be raised and lowered in elevation;
coupling an air spring to the seat such that inflation of the air spring raises the elevation of the seat and deflation of the air spring, lowers the elevation of the seat;
latching the seat when at a desired elevation, the air spring permitting the seat to change elevation in response to vibrations;
applying a vibration dampening force to the seat when the seat is latched to limit the motion of the seat in response to vibrations between first and second extremes of motion;
biasing the seat when latched to a home position between the first and second extremes of motion;
relieving the dampening force on the seat when the seat is unlatched for movement from one desired elevation to another desired elevation;
reapplying the dampening force when the seat is latched at the said another desired elevation; and
adjusting the elevation of the seat toward the home position in the event the seat is latched and the seat elevation moves outside of the first and second extremes of motion, such as arising from a change in the load on the seat, whilemaintaining the dampening force on the seat.
14. A method according to claim 13 wherein the act of applying a dampening force comprises the act of applying a nonlinear dampening force to the seat.
15. A method according to claim 13 including the act of supporting the seat by a modified parallelogram support with first and second link members forming the modified parallelogram support with the distance between pivot axes of the first linkmember being a first distance, the distance between pivot axes of the second link member being a second distance, the first and second distances being unequal, and including the act of selecting the locations of the pivot axes to cause a selected portionof a seat occupant's body to move in a substantially vertical direction.
The present invention relates to seat suspension methods for vehicle seats.
Numerous vehicle seat suspensions are known, including those having air bag or air spring suspensions for resiliently supporting a seat in a selected position. In such suspension systems, pressurized air is delivered to or exhausted from the airbag to adjust the elevation of the seat. The use of an air bag permits upward and downward vibrations of the seat. To counteract these vibrations, shock-absorbing cylinders have been used to dampen the seat vibrations.
In one known approach, as the elevation of the seat suspension is changed by inflating or deflating the air bag, the shock absorbing cylinder has a piston supporting rod which extends or retracts, depending upon the direction in which the seatelevation is changed. In this approach, the shock absorbing cylinder must be capable of extension and retraction throughout the entire range of seat elevation adjustment. In addition, these seat suspension systems are understood to use shock absorbingcylinders with pistons that apply a constant dampening force over the full stroke of the piston. If the dampening force were non-constant in such systems, problems would ensue. For example, in such systems a non-constant dampening force would mean thatthe ride provided by the seat would vary depending upon the seat elevation.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,951,373 illustrates one form of seat suspension utilizing a shock absorbing cylinder and an air bag or air spring. In this construction, the shock absorber is understood to have a stroke which is capable of extending andretracting throughout the full range of seat height adjustment. However, in this construction, a hand knob may be operated to adjust the throw of a shaft to thereby change the effective length of the shock absorber.
Although numerous seat suspension systems are known, a need nevertheless exists for an improved seat suspension method having new and non-obvious differences over known approaches.
In accordance with one embodiment, a method of suspending a seat above the floor of a vehicle comprises positioning the seat at a first elevation relative to the floor of the vehicle, allowing the seat to move in response to vibrations, andapplying a dampening force which varies non-linearly over at least certain ranges of seat movement in response to vibration so as to dampen the vibrations.
In accordance with another aspect of an embodiment of a seat suspension method, and regardless of whether a non-linearly varying dampening force is applied, the dampening force may be relieved during at least a portion of the time the seat isbeing shifted from one elevation to another elevation and then reapplied. The dampening force which is reapplied may be of the same magnitude as the dampening force that was applied to the seat immediately prior to relieving the dampening force.
Movement of the seat in response to vibrations may be limited to movements between first and second extremes of motion which are less than the overall range through which the elevation of the seat may be adjusted. The method may include the stepof biasing the seat to a home position between the first and second extremes of motion. The method may also include the step of automatically returning the seat toward the home position in the event the seat moves outside of the first and secondextremes of motion while the dampening force is being applied, such as in response to variations in the load on the seat. As a specific example, when a seat occupant rises from the seat, the seat may travel upwardly beyond the uppermost of the first andsecond extremes of motion, with the seat automatically being returned toward the home position under these conditions. Conversely, if the occupant then reoccupies the seat and the seat travels in the opposite direction downwardly beyond the other of thefirst and second extremes of motion, the seat may again automatically be returned toward the home position under these conditions.
As a further aspect of an embodiment of the method, the seat may be latched to secure the seat at a desired elevation and unlatched when the seat is adjusted to a different elevation. When latched, the seat is supported so as to permit movementin response to vibrations. In addition, a dampening force is applied to the seat to dampen the motion of the seat in response to such vibrations. The dampening force may be relieved at least during a portion of the time, and most preferably during theentire time, that the seat is unlatched for movement from one elevation to another. The dampening force may be relieved and reapplied simultaneously with the respective unlatching and latching of the seat.
In general, the seat may move between first and second extremes of motion in response to vibrations. With the seat in a latched condition, in the event motion of the seat exceeds either of the first or second extremes, for example when anoccupant of the seat leaves or returns to the seat, the elevation of the seat may be adjusted to return the seat toward a home position between the first and second extremes of motion.
Inflation and deflation of an air spring may be used, in accordance with an embodiment of the method, to raise and lower the seat during seat height adjustment.
The present invention is directed toward novel and non-obvious aspects and/or advantages of a seat suspension method, individually and collectively. Aspects of embodiments of the method are set forth above and are further supplemented anddescribed in the drawings and description which follows.
FIG. 1 is a partially broken away perspective view of one embodiment of a seat suspension system in accordance with the present invention in a partially elevated state.
FIG. 2 is a side elevation view of the seat suspension system of FIG. 1 in a lowered position relative to FIG. 1 and illustrating a portion of a seat supported by theseat suspension system.
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the seat suspension system similar to the system of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3A is a schematic illustration of one form of a seat support illustrating several specific pivot axis points for link members used in this support relative to an X-Y axis coordinate system.
FIG. 3B is a schematic illustration like that shown in FIG. 3A, but also showing a seat occupant and the path of travel of selected portions of the body of the seat occupant in response to vibrations, with the pivot axis points shown in FIG. 3Blike those shown in FIG. 3A.
FIG. 3C is similar to FIG. 3B except that the pivot axis points are located at different coordinates, this figure showing the effect of adjusting the coordinates on the motion of various body parts of the seat occupant.
FIG. 3D is like FIG. 3C with the pivot axis points at a location which defines a true parallelogram.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of one form of vibration damper usable in the embodiment of FIG. 1 looking generally toward the front of the vibration damper.
FIGS. 5 and 6 are side elevation views of the vibration damper of FIG. 4, showing the vibration damper in respective latched and unlatched positions.
FIG. 7 is a top view of the vibration damper of FIG. 4.
FIG. 8 is a rear elevation view of the vibration damper of FIG. 4.
FIG. 9 is a partially exploded view of an alternative form of vibration damper usable in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view through one form of vibration dampening cylinder for the vibration dampers of FIGS. 4 and 9.
FIG. 10A is a graph illustrating an example of the non-linear dampening force which may be applied by the dampening cylinder of FIG. 10.
FIG. 10B is a graph illustrating an example of the dampening force versus displacement from a home position in response to shifting the piston of a shock absorbing damper of FIG. 10 at a velocity which varies sinusoidally.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a seat suspension system in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 12 is a side elevation view, partially in section, of the seat suspension system of FIG. 10, shown with a seat in a partially elevated position and also showing a latch in a state.
FIG. 13 illustrates a portion of the seat suspension system of FIG. 11 with the latch shown in an unlatched state.
FIG. 14 illustrates an alternative form of vibration dampening cylinder for the seat suspension systems of FIGS. 1 and 11.
FIG. 15 is a side elevation view of a seat suspension system including an alternative form of latch.
FIG. 16 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the latch used in the embodiment of FIG. 15 with the latch shown in a latched state.
FIG. 16A is a cross-sectional view of the latch of FIG. 16 taken in the direction of arrows 16a--16a and illustrating the operation of the latch to grip a rod passing through the latch.
FIG. 17 is a vertical sectional view through the latch of FIG. 15 showing the latch in an unlatched position to permit the passage of the rod through the latch.
FIG. 17A is a vertical sectional view through an alternative latch similar to that shown in FIGS. 16, 16A and 17.
FIG. 18 schematically illustrates an alternative embodiment of a seat suspension system in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 19 schematically illustrates one form of control circuit for the illustrated seat suspension embodiments.
FIG. 20 illustrates an exemplary pneumatic circuit usable in the illustrated forms of seat suspension systems.
FIGS. 21A-21C schematically illustrates a valve which may be utilized to control both seat elevation adjustment and the operation of a latch.
FIGS. 22A, 22B, 22C, 22D and 22E illustrate in greater detail one suitable valve actuated by a single lever for simultaneously causing the unlatching of a latch and seat height adjustment.
FIGS. 1-3 illustrate one form of a seat suspension system 10 for supporting a seat 12 (a portion of which is shown in FIG. 2) for raising and lowering the seat in elevation relative to a floor 14 of a vehicle within which the seat suspensionsystem is positioned. For example, the seat suspension system 10 may be mounted to the floor of a truck. In such a case, vibrations imparted to the truck during travel over a road surface can cause some vibration of the floor 14 and also of thesupported seat 12. Consequently, it is desirable in such applications to dampen the road vibrations.
The illustrated seat suspension system 10 includes a seat support, one form of which is generally indicated at 20, which is raisable and lowerable to support the seat at various elevations relative to the floor 14 of the vehicle. The illustratedseat support includes a seat supporting member 22 to which the seat 12 is mounted (FIG. 2). First and second link elements 24, 26 are pivotally connected at their upper end portions to the support member 22 and at their lower end portions to a basemember 30. More specifically, link member 24 is pivoted at its upper end portion to support member 22 for pivoting about a first pivot axis 32 extending transversely through the seat support member. In addition, the lower end portion of link member 24is pivoted to the base 30 for pivoting movement about a transverse axis 34 which is parallel to the axis 32. In addition, link member 26, which in the illustrated form is positioned below link member 24, has an upper end portion pivoted to the seatsupport member 22 for pivoting about a transverse axis 36. The link member 26 also has a lower end portion pivoted to the base 30 for pivotal movement about an axis 38. Axes 32, 34, 36 and 38 in the illustrated form are parallel to one another. Consequently, a parallelogram type support is provided for the seat member 22. The axes 32-36 may be positioned such that a line through axes 32, 34 is parallel to a line through axes 36, 38 in a true parallelogram support. However, the axes 32-38 maybe positioned such that the line through axes 32, 34 is not parallel to the line through axes 36,38; for example, to control seat motion as explained below in connection with FIGS. 3A-3D.
Base 30 is adapted for mounting to the floor 14 of the vehicle. For example, a plurality of fastener receiving openings, one being indicated at 40, are provided for receiving fasteners which secure the base 30 in place. Alternatively, base 30may be eliminated with link members 24, 26 being pivoted directly to the floor or other vehicle supports. Also, the base 30 may be adapted for mounting to a wall surface of a vehicle instead of the floor 14. Nevertheless, the illustrated seat supportis advantageous because the floor of the vehicle provides stable support for the seat support 20 and the seat support can be installed as a modular unit.
As best seen in FIG. 3, the illustrated base 30 includes first and second upright side elements 60, 62 interconnected by front and rear transverse cross-piece elements 64, 66. Openings are provided in the respective side elements 60, 62 forreceiving pivot pins 70, 72 which pivot the lower end portions of the respective link members 24, 26 to the base 30 for pivoting about axes 34 and 38. To reduce the weight of the overall construction, the upright elements 60, 62 may be of a generallyhollow construction with a plurality of reinforcing ribs, some of which are indicated at 78, and a perimeter flange 79 being provided for reinforcing these elements and also the openings through which the pins 70, 72 extend. The central region of base30 may also be provided with a void 80 for further weight reduction purposes. In addition, as explained more fully below, the base 30 may include upright vibration damper supporting bracket elements 82, 84 to which a vibration damper 200 isinterconnected, such as by pivot pins 86, 88. The axis through pins 86 and 88 in the illustrated embodiment is parallel to the axes through the pins 70, 72. The pins 70, 72 may, as shown in FIG. 1, comprise four short pins instead of longer pinstransversing the width of the base
Although other materials may be used, typically the base 80 is of cast metal such as aluminum. Plastics and other durable materials may alternatively be used for the base. The base may also be of fabricated sheet steel. In addition, the basemay take other forms.
The support member 22 shown in FIGS. 1-3 includes first and second upright side flanges 90, 92 having respective elongated spaced-apart planar seat mounting surfaces 94, 96, which are generally parallel to one another. The mounting surfacesinclude plural fastener receiving openings, some being indicated at 98 in FIG. 1, for use in mounting the seat 12 to the seat support member 22. Like base side components 60, 62, the seat support side components 90, 92 may be generally hollow with aplurality of reinforcing ribs, some being indicated at 100 in FIG. 1, and a perimeter flange 101 or lip for reinforcing the side elements and the pivot axis defining openings. Pins 103, 105 (FIG. 3) pivot the respective upper end portions of linkmembers 24, 26 to the seat support member 22. As shown in FIG. 1, four such pins may be used, one at each corner of the interconnected seat support 20. Also, front and rear cross components 102, 104 are provided to interconnect the side flanges 90, 92. A central platform 108 may also be provided between these two flanges. Voids 110, 112 between these cross pieces further reduce the weight of the illustrated seat supporting member 22. The cross pieces 102, 104 may include appropriate reinforcing ribsas shown. Like base 30, the seat support member 22 may be of a durable material and may be cast of steel. Thus, base 30 and seat support member 22 may each be of a monolithic one-piece homogenous unitary cast structure.
The seat support member 22 may be eliminated with elements such as link members 24, 26 being connected directly to the seat. In such a case, the seat 12 would typically be rigidified at its base. However, by making seat support 20 a combinationof base 30, links 24 and 26 and an upper seat support member 22, a modular construction results as the seat can be separately manufactured and installed to the seat support member 22 at a later time.
The link member 24 may include first and second side elements 130, 132 with transverse cross-piece portions 136 (one of which is shown in FIG. 1). These elements together form a platform-like, generally rectangular link member. For weightreduction purposes, the link member may be generally hollow with reinforcing ribs such as indicated at 138 in FIG. 1 and interior and exterior flanges 140, 141. Flange 140 may bound an enlarged opening 143 through the link member 34 for accommodatingthe vibration dampener 200, as explained below. The lower link member 26 may be similarly constructed with side elements 142, 144 and transverse cross-piece portions, one of which is shown at 146 in FIG. 1. The link member 26 may also be generallyhollow with reinforcing ribs (some being indicated at 147) extending between interior and exterior flanges 148, 149. The central portion of link member 26 is generally hollow, although the illustrated link member 26 has a central cross-piece such asplatform 150 for supporting an air spring as explained below.
As can be seen in FIG. 1, the base side members 60, 62 may be tapered with an increasing height from front to rear of the seat support 20. Also, pivot axis 34 may be positioned rearwardly and above pivot axis 38. Similarly, the side elements90, 92 of seat support member 22 may be reduced in height from front to rear of the seat support 22 and may also accommodate a pivot axis 32 positioned above and rearwardly of the pivot axis 36. Consequently, as the seat support is pivoted downwardly(shown moving from FIG. 1 to FIG. 2), the seat support member 22 shifts primarily downwardly with the surfaces 94, 96 remaining substantially level. Conversely, when the seat support is raised (moving from FIG. 2 to FIG. 1), the seat supporting surfaces94, 96, and thereby the seat 12, moves primarily upwardly, with the seat remaining substantially level.
The link members 24, 26 may take different forms. For example, the link members 24 and 26 in FIG. 3 are of a somewhat different structure, with corresponding elements being assigned the same numbers. This illustrates the fact that the structureof link elements 24, 26 may be varied, with an alternative form being shown in FIG. 3. The link members 24, 16 may also, for example, comprise individual spaced-apart arms at opposite sides of the seat. The seat support 20 may also take a variety offorms, although the form illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 offers a number of advantages. For example, a scissors-type seat support mechanism may be used, as well as other seat supports capable of raising and lowering the seat.
With reference to FIGS. 3A-3D, and with a number of the components of the seat support system, such as a seat height adjuster and latch (if used) eliminated for convenience, first and second link members 24, 26 are shown pivotally coupled attheir lower end portions to base 30 and at their upper end portions to seat supporting member 22. The centers of the pivots 38, 36 are indicated respectively by the numbers 1 and 2, and thus correspond to the pivot axes through pivots 38 and 36. Similarly, the centers of the pivots 34, 32 are indicated respectively by the numbers 3 and 4, which thus correspond to the pivot axes through pivots 34, 32. For convenience in this description, the first pivot axis thus corresponds to number 1, thesecond pivot axis thus corresponds to number 2, the third pivot axis thus corresponds to number 3, and the fourth pivot axis thus corresponds to number 4.
In these figures, an X-Y coordinate system is indicated, with the X axis being horizontal and in this case parallel to the illustrated floor 14. In addition, the Y axis of this coordinate system is vertical. The coordinate system is located sothat both the X and Y axes intersect first pivot 1 and thus first pivot 1 has coordinates (0,0) in this X-Y coordinate system.
As the links 24, 26 are pivoted clockwise in FIG. 3A, the seat 12 is raised. Conversely, when the links are pivoted counter-clockwise in FIG. 3A, the seat 12 is lowered. In these figures, the seat support is shown with the line segment Lextending from the first pivot 1 to the second pivot 2 and at an axle of .theta. relative to the X axis, with .theta. being 20.3 degrees. Obviously, the angle .theta. changes as the arms 24, 26 are pivoted to new locations. In FIG. 3A, the linesegment R extends from the third pivot 3 to the fourth pivot 4, the line segment B extends from the first pivot 1 to the third pivot 3, and the line segment S extends from the second pivot 2 to the fourth pivot 4.
In the construction illustrated in FIG. 3A, the links 24, 26 are of unequal length. That is, the length or distance R between the third and fourth pivots 3, 4 is different from the length or distance L between the first and second pivots 1, 2. More specifically, the distance R is greater than the distance L. Consequently, the FIG. 3A construction comprises an unequal arm length parallelogram type support. In a specific embodiment, the distance R is from about twelve percent to about twentypercent greater than the distance L and assists in controlling the motion of the seat. Assume the pivot 3 is shifted to the location indicated by 3' and thus segment R is shifted to R'. In this latter case, R' is equal to L in length and R' is parallelto L, providing a true parallelogram support. Although this can be done, as explained below the resulting motion of selected portions of a seat occupant's body have greater horizontal components of motion than if the illustrated FIG. 3A unequal parallelarm support is used.
Again referring to FIG. 3A, in this illustrated construction, the third pivot axis 3 is at an elevation which is above the elevation of first pivot axis 1. Also, in this illustrated construction, the fourth pivot axis 4 is positioned above andrearwardly of the second pivot axis 2. When the seat of this figure is in a raised position, the first and second link members 24, 26 are angled forwardly and upwardly relative to the floor of the vehicle. Furthermore, with the constructions shown inFIG. 3B and 3C, the absolute value of the slope of line L relative to horizontal is greater than or equal to the absolute value of the slope of line R relative to horizontal when the seat is supported in various raised positions. Also, a plane extendingupwardly through third and fourth pivots 3, 4 intersects a plane extending upwardly through first and second pivots 1,2 at a location which is above the floor of the vehicle when the seat is raised.
The pivot axes may be located relative to one another according to the formula L<(S+R-B). In this formula, L is the distance between the first and second pivot axes, S is the distance between the second and fourth pivot axes, R is thedistance between the third and fourth pivot axes, and B is the distance between the first and third pivot axes.
In the specific example shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, and with .theta. at 20.3 degrees, the coordinates of pivot 1, as previously mentioned, are (0,0) on the illustrated X-Y coordinate system; the coordinates of pivot 2 in millimeters are (-347.7,128.5); the coordinates of pivot 3 are (259.6, 42.5); and the coordinates of pivot 4 are (-165.4, 177.8).
The location of these pivots in this illustrated embodiment may be selected such that the movement of a selected portion of a seat occupant's body in response to seat vibrations is confined to movement in a substantially vertical direction. Forexample, as best seen in FIG. 3B, with the specific coordinates set forth above, movement of various body points of a seat occupant 169 are shown. Specifically, with the seat at a selected elevation corresponding to the given .theta. and occupant 169sitting on the seat and the seat being stationary, the position of the occupant'ship point 171, shoulder point 173, and eye point 175 are shown. For reference purposes, vertical line segments 177, 179 and 181 are shown passing through the respective hippoint 171, shoulder point 173, and eye point 175. In response to seat vibrations, as explained below, the seat may move both upwardly and downwardly from the static position. Correspondingly, the respective hip point 171, shoulder point 173, and eyepoint 175, also move upwardly and downwardly. The X's shown adjacent line 177 indicate points through which the hip point 171 passes as it moves upwardly and downwardly in response to vibrations. Similarly, the X's adjacent to line 179 indicate thepath followed by the shoulder point 173 as the seat moves upwardly and downwardly. Finally, the X's adjacent to line 181 indicate the path followed by eye point 175 as the seat moves in response to vibrations.
In FIG. 3B, the shoulder point 173 travels more closely along a vertical line than either the eye point or hip point. That is, the shoulder point is confined to move in a substantially vertical direction.
More specifically, assume that the total range of movement in response to vibration between the lower extreme and the upper extreme is called the suspension stroke. By substantially vertical motion, it is meant motion having a horizontalcomponent which is no more than about seven percent of the length of the suspension stroke from vertical. For example, in FIG. 3B, with the pivots having the coordinates shown and with the suspension stroke (the total vertical motion of the seat inresponse to vibration) being 165 mm, the maximum deviation of hip point 173 from vertical line 179 is about 6.6 mm, or about four percent of the suspension stroke.
Since very little off-vertical motion occurs at this location, less undesirable rubbing of a three-point shoulder strap on the occupant's shoulder at this location takes place. Also, for occupant's prone to travel sickness, it is desirable tohave less elliptical or off vertical movement of the stomach and inner ear of such occupants. By confining the shoulder to substantially vertical movement, a compromise is achieved. That is, the inner ear more closely moves in a vertical direction thanwould be the case if seat pivot locations were optimized to confine the motion of the stomach to a substantially vertical direction. In addition, the stomach moves more vertically than would be the case if the pivot locations were optimized to confinemovement of the eye or inner ear of the occupant to substantially vertical movement.
FIG. 3C illustrates an example where the pivot axis points 1-4 are selected to minimize the horizontal component of movement of the eye point 175 of the seat occupant 169. As can be seen in FIG. 3C, the shoulder point 173 has greater horizontalcomponents of movement than the horizontal components of movement of shoulder point 173 in the case where the pivot axis points 1-4 are positioned as shown in FIG. 3B. More specifically, in FIG. 3C, .theta. again is at 20.3 degrees. In addition, thecoordinates of pivot 1 are (0, 0); the coordinates of pivot 2 are (-364.8, 135.9); the coordinates of pivot 3 are (259.6, 42.5); and the coordinates of pivot four are (182.3, 49.2). With these specific exemplary coordinates, the maximum deviation of eyepoint 175 from vertical line 181 is 10 mm, or about six percent of the entire 165 mm suspension stroke.
In these examples, the vertical lines 179, 181 are located to intersect the respective shoulder point 173 and eye point 175 when the seat is in the static position supporting an occupant with no seat vibration. Thus, the phrase "substantiallyvertical motion" is defined to mean motion of no more than about ten percent and most preferably no more than seven percent from vertical over the entire suspension stroke.
In comparison, FIG. 3D shows the seat support with the third pivot at 3' to provide a true parallelogram support. In the FIG. 3D example, with .theta. again equal to 20.3 degrees, the coordinates of the pivots in millimeters are as follows:pivot 1 at (0, 0); pivot 2 at (-347.4, 128.5); the third pivot 3' at (182.3, 49.2); and the fourth pivot at (-165.4, 177.8). In this case, with a suspension stroke of 165 mm of vertical motion, the shoulder point (as well as the hip and eye points) havea maximum deviation which is understood to be about 48.5 mm (about twenty-nine percent) from vertical.
Thus, the modified unequal parallelogram supports of FIGS. 3B and 3C are examples illustrating the selection of pivot axis locations to confine selected portions of an occupant's body to a more vertical direction. Moreover, it should be notedthat the vertical motion achieved by the shoulder point in the FIG. 3B example does not deviate significantly from precise vertical motion of the shoulder achieved with some conventional scissors style seat supports.
It should be noted that the locations of pivots 32-36 may be varied. In addition, as previously mentioned, in some embodiments of a seat suspension system, the modified or true parallelogram type support may be replaced with scissors or othertypes of support mechanisms.
A seat height adjuster is used to raise and lower the seat 12 between various elevations relative to the floor 14 and to a selected elevation. In general, a mechanism may be employed which moves seat support 22 or either of the link members 24,26 about their respective pivots. These mechanisms may, for example, comprise hydraulic or pneumatic activated screw jacks or other mechanisms. As a specific example, an air spring 170 (see FIGS. 1 and 3) may be used for this purpose. The illustratedair spring may, for example, be from the "Airide Springs" product line from Firestone of Carmel, Calif. The illustrated air spring 170 is supported on the platform 150 of link member 26 beneath the seat support member 22 and engages the undersurface ofplatform 108 of member 22. Upon inflation of air spring 170, the seat support member 22 and seat 12 is shifted upwardly. In contrast, upon deflation of air spring 170, the seat support member 22, and thereby the supported seat 12, shifts downwardly. Aseat height controller may be used to control the air pressure delivered to and removed from the air spring 170 to thereby adjust the height of the seat to a selected elevation. The seat height is adjustable by the seat height adjuster between anuppermost elevation and a lowermost elevation which is established by the mechanical limits of the seat suspension system 10. For example, although variable, the seat may be adjustable in elevation from a lowest position which positions the hip point437 mm above the floor 14 to a highest hip point position which is 537 mm above the floor, for a total elevation adjustment of 100 mm (about four inches. The term "hip point" refers to the location where a typical driver's hip joint is positioned whenthe driver is seated in the seat. The seat height adjuster, such as air spring 170, allows the supported seat to move in response to vibrations, for example from the road surface. This provides for a more comfortable ride.
The vibration dampener 200 is provided to dampen the vibrations of the seat. In the form illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, the vibration dampener includes a shock absorber or dampening cylinder 201 with an external housing 202 and a dampening pistontherein (one example being described below in connection with FIG. 10). The dampening piston is coupled to a piston rod 206. The piston rod may be of circular cross-section or of any other cross-section. For example, FIGS. 3-9 show a shaft 206 havinga square cross-section. The lower end portion of the vibration dampener 200 is, in the illustrated embodiment, pivoted to the respective elements 82, 84 of base 30 rearwardly of pivot 38. The upper end portion of the vibration dampener in this form,and in particular the upper end of rod 206, is pivoted at 210 (FIG. 1) rearwardly of pivot 32 and between respective ear flanges 212, 214 which project rearwardly from cross-piece portion 104 of the seat support member 22. The dampening piston is biasedtowards a first or home position such that the vibration dampener, when engaged to the seat support 20, dampens movements of the dampening piston away from the home position to thereby dampen corresponding vibrations of the seat 12. In this specificembodiment, the dampening cylinder is supported for selective movement relative to the floor 14 of the vehicle. Consequently, the elevation of the first or home position is adjustable to correspond to adjustments in the selected elevation of the seat. More specifically, in this illustrated form, each time the seat height adjuster operates to adjust the height of the seat, the elevation of the dampening cylinder and thereby of the home position is adjusted. More specifically, the illustrated seatheight adjuster and vibration damper cooperate to automatically and simultaneously adjust the elevation of the first position of the dampener with changes in the selected elevation of the seat.
The illustrated vibration dampener 200 includes a latch mechanism 220 which selectively engages and releases the dampening cylinder 201. When released, the dampening cylinder 201 is free to move relative to the latch. That is, as the seat israised, the dampening cylinder 201, because it is coupled to seat member 22 at the upper end of rod 206, is raised the same distance as the seat. Consequently, the home position of the dampening piston within the housing 202 remains at a constantlocation within the cylinder, yet the elevation of the home position changes with the changes in elevation of the cylinder 201.
Once the seat height is at a desired elevation, the latch mechanism 220 may be operated to re-engage the dampening cylinder 201. When re-engaged, the cylinder is in a fixed position relative to the seat support 20 and the dampening cylinderapplies a dampening force to the seat. That is, vibrations in the seat cause corresponding vibrations in rod 206 which are dampened by the movement of the dampening piston within the cylinder 202. Other ways of adjusting the elevation of the homeposition may also be used. For example, the cylinder may be supported by a jack or other mechanism which raises the cylinder an amount which corresponds to the change in seat elevation without decoupling the cylinder. Various forms of latch mechanisms220 may also be used, some specific examples of which are explained in greater detail, below.
The latch 220 may be operated to release the dampening cylinder during the entire time the seat height is adjusted or only during portions of such time. The vibration dampener is thus adapted to selectively relieve and apply a dampening force inthese embodiments in which the dampening cylinder is latched and released. Furthermore, with this approach, the position within the vibration dampening cylinder 201 need not extend and retract over the entire range of seat height adjustment controlledby the air spring, 170 or other seat height adjuster. In a specific example, the dampening cylinder 201 may be designed to allow movement of the dampening piston a total of about sixty-five millimeters (about 2.5 inches). Although this may be varied,this compares to a total seat height adjustment in this example of about 100 mm (about four inches). Furthermore, a vibration dampener may be used which applies a variable dampening force to seat vibrations, including a dampening force which variesnon-linearly with the magnitude of seat movements in response to vibrations. For example, the applied dampening force may be higher for a more extreme movement in response to seat vibration than applied in the case of a lesser movement in response toseat vibration and may be varied non-linearly for such movements between such movements. More specifically, the applied dampening force may be constant for limited motions from a home position and increase with more extremes in motion from the homeposition. This is facilitated by a design in which the home position of the dampener is shifted with changes in elevation of the seat.
Assume the seat has been moved to an elevation which is three inches higher than the previous elevation to an elevation which is twelve inches above the floor of the vehicle. With the illustrated design, the home position of the dampeningcylinder may also be shifted three inches. If the seat then moves downwardly a certain amount (for example, thirty millimeters), in response to a seat vibration, a first dampening force may be applied to such motion. If thereafter the seat movesdownwardly thirty-five millimeters from the home position, a greater dampening force may be applied. The dampening force may be varied non-linearly with deviations from the home position. Upward changes in seat elevation in response to vibrations canbe dampened in a similar manner. If the home position had not been changed, the seat ride would no longer be the same, at least for given movements in response to vibration if a non-linear dampening force were being applied. That is, in this specificexample, if the home position remained fixed and the seat elevation had been raised three inches, a further upward movement (e.g. one-half inch) in elevation of the seat in response to a vibration would now make the seat three and one-half inches fromthe home position. If a non-linear dampening force were being applied, this force would differ from the force being applied if the seat had not been raised and the seat were influenced by the same vibration, as in this case the seat would only beone-half inch from the home position. Thus, the illustrated seat suspension system facilitates the use of a non-linear dampening force. Furthermore, this type of seat suspension 10 permits the application of substantially the same dampening forceimmediately after a height adjustment as the dampening force provided immediately before the height adjustment.
The seat suspension system 10 of FIGS. 1-3 also includes an optional seat leveling feature. In operation, if the load on the seat is varied, for example, by an occupant getting up from the seat, the air spring 170 will tend to expand in responseto this reduced load. As a result, seat support 22 is raised and also the supported seat 12. If the particular seat happens to be the driver's seat, the upper surface of the seat may engage or come very close to the undersurface of the vehicle steeringwheel. When the driver returns and again sits on the seat, it can be difficult for the driver to fit his or her legs between the steering wheel and seat until after the driver's weight has been placed on the seat to again compress the air spring to movethe seat back to its original position. In the illustrated embodiment, a seat position sensor may be used to detect motions of the seat which are outside the range of motions being dampened by the dampener. In response to detection of such out of rangemotion, the inflation of the air spring 170 is adjusted to return the seat toward the position it was in before the motion took place. In other words, when the driver leaves the seat and the seat rises, pressure on the air spring is relieved to bringthe seat back toward the position it was in prior to the driver leaving the seat. Conversely, when the driver again sits on the seat and the seat tends to depress outside of normal dampening ranges, the air spring is inflated to again return the seattoward its home position.
In one illustrated form, the position sensor comprises a self-leveling valve 230 coupled by a link 232 to the vibration dampener 200. More specifically, the link 232 is coupled to a bracket 234 connected to the dampening cylinder 202. The link232 is slidably coupled to the valve stem of valve 230 to accommodate variations in the distance between the valve stem and bracket 234 during operation of the illustrated system. The illustrated valve 230 is a rotary leveling valve and has a dead zonecorresponding to the movements by the seat in response to vibrations which do not result in self-leveling. For example, assume movements of twenty-five millimeters or less in extension and forty millimeters or less in compression of the dampeningcylinder are dampened by the dampening cylinder. Most movements in response to vibration involve less than 10 mm in extension and 10 mm of compression. In some observations, over ninety percent (90%) of extensions and over ninety percent (90%) ofcompression were within this range. Thus, although variable, the dead zone may be set to permit movements of 10 mm extension and 10 mm compression. It is expected that movements in compression will deviate more from the home position. Thus, the deadzone in compression may be greater than the dead zone in extension, with 15 mm compression being a specific example. Once the dead zone motion is exceeded, this motion causes link 232 to operate the valve to commence inflation of the air spring 170 andraise the seat if the seat elevation has dropped below the dampening range. Conversely, the valve is operated to commence deflation of the air spring 170 to lower the seat in the event the seat elevation is raised beyond the range of motion beingdampened. Although timers or other delays may be used to only respond to deviations of a significant duration, this option may be eliminated. Consequently, a momentary deviation outside the dead zone is minimized because little change in air springinflation occurs during any such momentary deviation. As a specific example, valve 230 may be a Model 3107-1 leveling valve from GT Development of Seattle, Wash. Other position detection sensors such as from Wabco, Inc. or other sources may be used,although the illustrated approach is convenient and mechanically simple. When latch 220 is unlatched and the dampening cylinder is shifted from one position to the other in response to changes in the elevation of the seat, the link 232 shifts with thedampening cylinder and remains in the same relative position to the valve 230. Consequently, the valve 230 in the illustrated approach does not operate when the seat elevation is deliberately being adjusted by the air spring 170.
One form of suitable vibration dampening module 200 utilized in the embodiments of FIGS. 1-3 is illustrated and described below in connection with FIGS. 4-8. This form of vibration dampener 200 includes an outer housing 300 having pivotreceiving openings 302, 304 through which pivot pins are inserted to pivot the housing to the respective ears 82, 84 of base 30 (FIG. 1). Consequently, the housing 300 (FIGS. 4-8) is free to pivot about an axis 306 and relative to the base member 30. The housing 300 may include cut-outs, such as indicated at 308 (FIG. 4) for weight reduction purposes. In addition, the housing 300 may define a guide slot 310 extending along the full length of one side wall 312 of the housing. The side wall 312 ofthe illustrated housing includes respective flanges 314, 316 which extend inwardly toward one another and define the guide slot 310 therebetween. The illustrated housing is generally rectangular in cross-section with a side wall 320 opposing side wall312 and side walls 322, 324 interconnecting the side walls 320 and 312. The housing 300 may be stamped or otherwise formed from a durable material, with steel being a specific example.
A latch arm element 330 is pivoted to housing 300, for example by the same pivots which couple the housing to the base 30, so that the latch arm element 330 may pivot relative to the base.
As best seen in FIG. 7, latch arm element 330 may be generally U-shaped in cross-section, having a base portion 332 and first and second leg portions 334, 336. A latch actuator engaging flange 338 extends rearwardly from base 332 and, in thiscase, through an opening 340 (see FIGS. 5 and 6) through the wall 320. Each of the elements 334, 336 includes a respective latch surface 344, 346 which may comprise a friction enhanced surface. In the form shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the latch surfacescomprise an elongated row of teeth 350. The latch 330 is selectively operable to couple and decouple the dampening cylinder housing 202 to the housing 300 and thus the dampening cylinder 201 to the base 30 (FIG. 1). More specifically, the cylinderhousing 202 (FIGS. 4-8) includes a latch gripping surface which may be a friction enhanced surface which is selectively engaged by the latch 330. The latch gripping surface may be, as illustrated, provided by one or more members, such as a plate 360(FIGS. 4-7) welded or otherwise secured to the exterior housing 202 of the cylinder 201. The plate 360 (see FIG. 7) includes first and second outwardly projecting side legs 362, 364. The leg 362 extends outwardly toward side wall 324 and turns inwardlyalong the interior of the wall 324 to extend toward wall 320. The distal edge 366 of leg 360 comprises a friction enhanced latch gripping surface, such as an elongated row of teeth which are selectively engaged or disengaged by the corresponding teeth350 of the latch 330. Similarly, leg 364 extends outwardly toward the wall 322 and then turns to extend along the interior of wall 322 toward the wall 320. The leg 364 terminates at its distal edge provided with a latch gripping surface 368 which mayalso comprise a row of gripping teeth. A backup plate 370 is connected to the cylinder 202 and, more specifically, this connection is made through the plate 360. Backup plate 370 may include side flanges 372, 374 which are spaced from the respectivelegs 362, 364 as shown in FIG. 7 to receive the wall portions 314, 316 of the wall 312 therebetween. Consequently, when latch 330 is released to free gripping surfaces 366, 368 from surfaces 344, 346, the cylinder may slide relative to housing 300. Inthis case, the movement of the cylinder guided by flanges 314, 316.
Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the illustrated vibration dampener 200 includes a latch actuator such as a pneumatic cylinder 390 having an internal piston (not shown) coupled to a piston rod 392.
A link 400 is pivoted to the distal end 402 of the rod and also at 404 to the flange 238. The distal end of the piston rod is also coupled to the housing 300 so that motion of the piston rod is guided. More specifically, as best seen in FIGS. 5and 6, an elongated, generally upright slot 406 is provided in a flange 408 projecting rearwardly from housing 300. The pin which couples link 400 to the distal end of rod 392 at location 402 may also extend through the slot 406 such that the slotguides the motion of the piston rod.
With reference to FIG. 5, the latch actuator may be biased to extend the cylinder as shown in this figure to latch the dampening cylinder 200 to the housing 300. In operation of this embodiment, when the latch 330 is shown in the position ofFIG. 5, the latch gripping teeth 344 engage the teeth 368 carried by the cylinder housing 202 and prevents changes in elevation of the cylinder housing 202 in relation to vibration dampener housing 300 and thus relative to the seat support 20. When inthis position, the latch arm 334 has been pivoted in the direction of arrow 410 (clockwise in this figure) to engage the latch and latch gripping surfaces. When latched as shown in FIG. 5, the vibration dampener is operable to dampen vibrations of theseat. Conversely, in the event the elevation of the seat is to be changed in this embodiment by operation of the air spring 170, the latch 330 is unlatched. More specifically, fluid pressure is delivered to port 394 of actuator 390 causing theretraction of piston rod 392. This motion, guided by the slot 406, is coupled via the link 400 to the flange 338 and results in pivoting of the latch 330 in the direction of arrow 412 as shown in FIG. 6. As a result, the latch surface 344 is disengagedfrom the latch gripping surface 368. When in the disengaged state, the cylinder housing 202 raises or lowers as the seat height adjustment takes place. Consequently, dampening forces are not applied during seat height adjustment. Moreover, followingseat height adjustment and re-engagement of the latch to the cylinder, in this example the same dampening force is applied to the seat as was applied immediately before the seat height adjustment took place. Although less advantageous, it is alsopossible to retain dampener cylinder 202 in a latched state during all or portions of the seat height adjustment (in which case the dampener would typically be operable over a broader range of motion). In this latter case, the dampener may be unlatchedfor shifting to the desired new position following all or portions of the seat height adjustment. However, by unlatching the dampener over the full seat height adjustment, the damper design can be optimized to dampen motion solely over a more limitedrange of motion rather than over the entire range of the seat height adjustment. As another alternative, although less preferred, the dampener cylinder 201 and/or the housing 300 may be carried by a mechanism which permits the entire assembly to moverather than coupling and decoupling the dampener cylinder. For example, the housing may be supported by a fluid actuated screw jack which adjusts the position of the housing and thereby the dampener to accommodate seat height adjustments.
An alternative form of vibration dampening module 430 is shown in FIG. 9. Vibration dampener 430 includes a shock absorber or vibration dampener 432, which may be like dampener 201 of FIG. 4, having an exterior housing 434 and a rod 436. Apiston (not shown) coupled to rod 436 dampens vibrations of the seat as the rod 436 moves. Vibration dampener 430 also includes an exterior housing, in this case formed of two generally U-shaped housing sections 442, 444. The housing section 442includes side flanges 446, 448 and a rear flange 450. The housing section 444 includes side flanges 452 and 454, and a base or back flange 456 which interconnects the flanges 452, 454. When the housing is assembled, the housing section 444 nests withinhousing section 442 with the sets of leg flanges 446, 452 and 448, 454 abutting one another. When assembled, pivot receiving apertures 460, 462 through the respective flanges 446, 452 are aligned. In addition, pivot receiving openings 464, 466 of therespective flanges 448 and 454 are also aligned. A pivot axis 468 extends through these aligned openings. The housing is pivoted to the base 30 (FIG. 1) in the same manner as housing 300 with pivot axis 468 corresponding to the pivot axis 306 of theFIG. 4 embodiment. End flange 456 has a pair of spaced-apart openings 470, 472 which are aligned with a corresponding pair of openings (not shown) in the back wall 450 of housing section 442.
In the FIG. 9 embodiment, the latch 480 includes first and second elongated pivot arms 482, 484. Arm 482 includes a pivot pin portion 486 which is inserted through opening 470 when the module is assembled. An opposed pivot pin portion projectsin the opposite direction through the corresponding opening in the back wall 450. In the same manner, arm 484 includes a pivot pin portion 488 which is pivotally received within the opening 472 when the module is assembled. A pivot pin portion opposedto portion 488 extends in the opposite direction from the opposite side of arm 484 into a pivot pin receiving opening through back wall 450. The arms 482, 484 are thus capable of rocking back and forth about the respective axes through pin portions 486,488.
The upper end portions 500, 502 of the respective arms 482, 484 are each provided with a respective latching surface 504, 506. In the illustrated embodiment, the latching surfaces 504, 506 each face toward the cylinder 434. A friction enhancedlatching surface, which may be roughened or may comprise a plurality of transversely extending teeth on the respective surfaces 504, 506, are provided for gripping the cylinder 434 when the cylinder is latched. The outer surface of the cylinder 434includes or supports a friction enhanced latch gripping surface which may comprise a roughened surface. In the illustrated embodiment, the latch gripping surface comprises elongated rows of teeth extending in a direction parallel to the longitudinalaxis of the cylinder as indicated at 512, 514 in FIG. 9, are welded or otherwise secured to the exterior of the cylinder 434. When arm 482 is pivoted counter clockwise as indicated by arrow 516 in FIG. 9 and arm 484 is pivoted clockwise as indicated byarrow 518 in this figure, the latching surfaces 504, 506 of the arms 482, 484 engage the teeth 512, 514 carried by the cylinder housing. When latched, the dampener 432 operates in the same manner as the dampener 200 of FIG. 4 when it is in an engaged orlatched condition. Conversely, when arms 482 and 484 are pivoted in respective directions opposite to arrows 516, 518, surfaces 504, 506 become disengaged from the teeth 512, 514. As a result, the dampener 432 is free to move with the seat as the seatheight is adjusted by the air spring 170 or other seat height adjuster.
An actuator such as a pneumatic cylinder 520 is provided for selectively pivoting the arms 482, 484 during operation of the vibration dampening module 430. Actuator 520 includes a piston rod 522 coupled to a U-shaped clevis 524. A first link526 is pivotally coupled at one end portion to clevis 524 for pivoting about a pivot axis 528. The link 526 is also pivoted at its opposite end portion to a lower end portion 530 of arm 482 such that link 526 may pivot about a pivot axis 532. Similarly, a link 534 is pivoted at one end portion to the clevis 524 for pivoting about the axis 528. In addition, the opposite end portion of the link 534 is pivoted to a lower end portion 536 of arm 484 for pivoting about an axis 538. When pistonrod 532 is fully extended (and the rod may be biased in this position), the arms 482, 484 assume the position indicated in FIG. 9 to latch the dampener 432 to the housing sections 442, 444 and thereby to the base 30 (FIG. 1) of the seat support 20. Incontrast, the delivery of pressurized fluid to a port 540 of actuator 520 causes rod 522 to retract. In response, the links 526, 534 draw the lower end portions 530, 536 of arms 482, 484 inwardly. When this happens, the arms 482, 484 pivot in adirection opposite to arrows 516, 518 to release the surfaces 504, 512 and 506, 514 from one another so that the dampener 432 is free to move during seat height adjustment. The actuator 520 may be operated in the same manner as actuator 390 toaccordingly control the latching and unlatching of vibration damper 430. One suitable form of actuator 390, 520 is a spring biased pneumatic cylinder Model BLC 2T2 from Sprague Controls of Canby, Oreg. Also, the bracket 234 for receiving a link, likelink 232 in FIG. 1, may be mounted to cylinder housing 434 for reasons explained above in connection with FIG. 1.
The dampening shock absorbers 201 and 432 of FIGS. 4 and 9 may be conventional shock absorbers of the type which apply a linear dampening force in opposition to seat vibrations. Also, any suitable mechanism for dampening vibrations may be usedin place of the piston containing dampening cylinders 201, 432. However, the illustrated shock absorbers may be of the type which applies a non-linear dampening force to seat vibration.
An exemplary dampener of this type is illustrated in FIG. 10 and examples of its operation is indicated in FIGS. 10A and 10B. Non-linear dampeners are not known to have been heretofore used to dampen seat vibrations. However, non-lineardampening cylinders are available from companies such as Monroe Auto Equipment Company.
The specific shock absorber embodiment of FIG. 10 (with the components 360, 370 in FIG. 8 eliminated for convenience), includes interior and exterior chambers 600, 602. Chamber 600 includes fluid charged regions 604, 606 above a fluid chargedarea 606. Makeup fluid is stored in chamber 602 (e.g. below the dashed line 607 in this figure), with the flow of makeup fluid between the two chambers controlled by conventional valve 608. Chamber 602 includes a gas charge (e.g. above the dashed line607 in this figure). A piston 610 is mounted to the piston rod 206 for sliding within the chamber 600. A biasing spring 612, positioned between piston 610 and an interior stop 614, urges the piston toward a home position indicated at 616 in FIG. 10. The spring 612, which may have a spring rate of about fifty Newtons per mm (although this is variable) may be a conical spring which collapses upon itself as it is compressed to reduce the amount of space required by the spring when fully compressed tothereby reduce the overall required operating length of the dampener 201. The interior wall bounding chamber 600 may be provided with one or more longitudinally extending grooves (two being indicated at 620, 621). The grooves control the rate at whichfluid bypasses the piston 610 as the rod 206 is extended and retracted to thereby control the applied dampening force. The cross-sectional area of the grooves may be greater at home position 616 than at areas further removed from the home position tovary the dampening force with the distance the piston travels from the home position. For example, the grooves may be tapered to reduce their cross-section, moving further away from the home position. Alternatively, more grooves may be provided closerto the home position than further away to decrease the resistance to lesser movements of the piston and rod away from the home position. Stepwise variations in the applied dampening force may also be provided, for example by including steppeddifferences in the cross-sectional area of the grooves at specific locations along the length of the cylinder. Also, the dampening force may be varied non-linearly with distances from the home position. For example, for greater movements of the pistonfrom the home position, corresponding to greater vibrations of the seat, the dampening force may be increased non-linearly to a much higher level than applied to minor deviations or movements from the home position. Also, the dampening force may beconstant for certain predetermined deviations from the home position and then increase as these predetermined deviations are achieved. For example, the bypass grooves may be of a constant cross-sectional dimension over these predetermined deviations andthen decrease in cross-sectional dimension after the predetermined deviations from the home position are exceeded. As the piston approaches the design limits of its maximum compression and/or extension, bumpers 626 and 628 may be engaged and compressedto cushion the latter movements of the shock absorbing damper.
In addition, in the illustrated construction, differing forces may be provided in opposition to downward movements of the seat than in opposition to upward movements of the seat. In addition, greater travel of the dampening cylinder may beallowed in response to vibrations in one direction than another. More specifically, in an illustrated approach, lower dampening resistance is provided to counteract reductions in seat height (compression of cylinder 202) than to counteract increases inseat height (extension of cylinder 202). Also, further travel is allowed by the dampening cylinder 202 in response to compression (seat height reduction) than in extension. Typically, greater energy needs to be absorbed in compression (for example, ifa truck hits a bump, the deck or floor of the truck tends to move upwardly toward the seat) than in extension. By providing a lesser dampening force in response to compression and permitting greater dampening movement of the cylinder in response tocompression, a smoother ride is provided.
The profile of the dampening force applied in response to travel of the piston 610 may be varied. However, in one specific example, the dampening piston 610 is permitted to travel forty millimeters in compression (including bumper compression atthe end of the dampener stroke) and twenty-five millimeters in extension (including bumper compression).
FIG. 10A (not to scale) illustrates the dampening applied in response to two velocities of vibration induced seat travel. Specifically, at a relatively low velocity of 4.7 inches per second, an exemplary dampening force profile in compressionand extension is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 10A. In addition, an exemplary dampening force profile at relatively high velocity of 26.7 inches per second is shown in the solid lines in FIG. 10A. As can be seen in this figure, in this example, from adistance of about 15 mm in compression from the home position to a distance of about 10 mm in extension from the home position, the cross section at each of the grooves remains constant. Consequently, over this range the applied dampening force isconstant. This dampening force resists the bulk of the vibrations, as most vibrations cause a relatively small range of seat motion. From about 10 mm of extension to about 12 mm of extension, in this example the cross-sectional dimension of the groovesis reduced (in this case, the grooves are tapered such that the resistance force increases generally linearly over this range). Again, stepwise or other variations can be provided. In this example, the resistance force varied non-linearly from the homeposition. If the variation were linear, the slope of the dampening force versus distance of travel from the home position would be constant. At about 12 mm of extension, the cylinder wall grooves have ended. The resistance against extension continuesto increase, but at a different rate. When the bumper is engaged, the resistance increases more sharply and, in theory, goes to infinity after the bumper is fully compressed at the desired maximum extension, in this case, twenty-five millimeters. Conversely, looking at the compression side of the profile, from about 15 mm of compression to about 17 mm of compression, the cross-sectional dimension of the grooves is reduced so that the resistance against compression increases. Thus, the resistanceagainst compression has also varied non-linearly from the home position.
From about 17 mm of compression through the engagement of the bumper contact, the grooves in this specific example have ended. Resistance against compression continues to increase and increases more sharply approaching bumper engagement. Following full compression of the bumper, the resistance against compression, in theory, goes toward infinity. In this specific example, forty millimeters of maximum compression is permitted. As can be seen in FIG. 10A, in general, there is ahysteresis effect to the profile as indicated by the arrows shown in this graph.
Although variable, in a specific example, at point 650, the end of the grooves with the piston extending at high velocity, a seven hundred pound dampening force is applied. In contrast, in this example, at high velocity and at the end of thegrooves with the piston moving in compression, at point 652 the dampening force is sixty hundred fifty pounds. Also, at the low velocity of 4.7 inches per second, at point 654, which corresponds to the end of the grooves when the piston is extending, atwo hundred pound dampening force is applied. Conversely, at point 656, corresponding to the end of the grooves with the piston moving at this low velocity in compression, a dampening force of one hundred points is applied.
FIG. 10B illustrates an exemplary response of the dampening cylinder 10 as it is extended and compressed at two sinusoidally speeds S.sub.1 and S.sub.2. The speeds S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 are at a maximum at about the center of the range of motionwith speed S.sub.1 being greater than S.sub.2. Between locations 659 and 661 the bypass grooves are of a constant cross-sectional dimension and the applied resistance force is constant for a given speed S.sub.1, S.sub.2 and in a given direction(extension or compression). As can be seen in this example, in general at a given displacement from the home position 663, the magnitude of the resistance against compression (below the X axis) is lower than the magnitude of the resistance againstextension (above the X axis). At location 661, and over a distance in this case of about 2 mm (from 10 mm extension to 12 mm extension) the cross-sectional dimension of the bypass grooves taper. At location 667 engagement of the bumper commences. Themaximum extension is indicated at 669. In the other direction from the home position, from 15 mm to 17 mm, in this example, the bypass grooves taper (location 659 to location 671). At location 673, the cushioning bumper is engaged with maximumcompression occurring at location 675. The dashed line 677 indicates the expected force/displacement curves at speed S.sub.2 if no bypass grooves are provided.
FIGS. 11-13 illustrate an alternative form of seat suspension system with a latch external to a dampener and which is operable independently of the dampener. For convenience, components in FIG. 11 which correspond to similar components in FIGS.1-3 have been identified with the same numbers with the superscript ('). Consequently, these corresponding components will not be discussed in detail, although they do illustrate some of the wide variations of configurations which may be used for thesecomponents.
The illustrated latch 220' includes a sector plate 700 pivotally mounted to the base 30' for pivoting about the axis 34'. The sector plate includes an arcuate slot 702. A pin 704 extends from link member 24' through the slot 704. The sectorplate is thus free to pivot relative to link member 24' and about axis 34' within the limits defined by the slot 702. Sector plate 700 includes an arcuate outer edge portion 706 which comprises a latch engaging surface. The latch engaging surface maybe friction enhanced and may include a plurality of teeth, some being indicated at 708 in these figures.
An upwardly extending bracket 720 having parallel spaced-apart legs 722, 724 may be included in the latch construction. The legs 722, 724 are mounted for pivoting about the axis 34'. An upper portion 726 of bracket 720 may be of an inverted,U-shaped construction, with side flanges 728 and 730 interconnected by a base or top portion 732. The upper end of rod 206' of the shock absorber 201 is pivoted to side flange 728 of the bracket 720 so as to be pivotal about an axis 734. The levelingvalve 230' is supported by side flange 730. A latch arm 740 is pivoted at 742 to the bracket side flange 728. In addition, a latch arm extension 744 extends from an upper end portion of latch 740 and has an uppermost portion 746 which is pivoted formovement about the axis 734. A lower portion of latch arm 740 is pivotally coupled to a link 752 for pivoting about an axis 754. Link 752 supports a latch actuator, such as a pneumatic actuator 760. In this case, the pneumatic actuator 760 is pivotedto link 752 for pivoting about an axis 762. The illustrated actuator 760 may be the same as actuator 390 (FIG. 1) and, in this case, includes a piston coupled to a rod 764. The rod 764 has its upper end portion 766 pivoted to side flange 722 forpivoting about a pivot axis 768. The latch arm 740 includes a latch surface for engaging the latch gripping surface of the sector plate 700. One form of latch gripping surface is indicated at 770 and comprises a plurality of teeth sized and positionedto engage the teeth 708 of the sector plate when the latch is in a latched condition, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.
To unlatch the latch, actuator 760 is activated to, in this case, extend the rod 764, as shown in FIG. 13. With the above-described linkage arrangement, when rod 764 extends, for example in respond to delivery of pressurized fluid to port 772 ofthe actuator 760, the latch arm 740 pivots in the direction of arrow 782 in FIG. 13 (clockwise in this figure). This shifts the lower end portion 750 and the gripping surface 770 of latch arm 740 away from the teeth 708 of the sector plate 700. Whenunlatched as shown in FIG. 13, links 24' and 26' may be moved by the air spring 270' to adjust the seat elevation without changing the position of the shock absorbing damper 201'. That is, link 24' may be moved relative to the sector plate 700. Afterthe seat has been adjusted to the desired elevation, piston rod 764 may be retracted to pivot arm 740 in a direction opposite to arrow 782 and into engagement with the teeth on the sector plate as shown on FIG. 12.
The latch 220' may be controlled in the same manner as the latch 220 of FIGS. 1-3. For example, the latch may be shifted to its unlatched position during the entire time the set height is being adjusted by air spring 270' and then latchedfollowing seat height adjustment so that the same dampening force is applied immediately after seat height adjustment as was applied immediately before seat height adjustment. Alternative latch control approaches may also be used, as previouslydescribed.
In the construction of FIGS. 11-13, the leveling valve 230' may operate in the same manner as leveling valve 230. That is, with the latch in a latched condition and in the event the load on the seat is varied (for example, the occupant of theseat gets off the seat), the seat will tend to raise. When the seat raises beyond the upper limit established by leveling valve 230, the leveling valve controls the exhaustion of gas from the air spring 270' to readjust the position of the seat. In theillustrated construction, the seat position is readjusted toward its original home position. Conversely, when a load is reapplied to the seat and the seat lowers in elevation beyond a lower limit established by leveling valve 230', the leveling valve230' operates to cause the delivery of additional air to air spring 270' to again raise the seat toward the home position. When the latch is unlatched, the seat elevation may be freely adjusted as the leveling valve 230' is decoupled and thusinoperative when the latch is unlatched during intentional seat height adjustment by the air spring 270'. FIG. 14 illustrates an alternative form of shock absorber 800 which may be utilized in the disclosed embodiments of the seat suspension system. The illustrated FIG. 14 shock absorber includes a lower shock absorbing section 802 within which an internal piston may be provided and coupled to a piston rod 804. A housing 806 defines a biasing spring receiving chamber 808 within which first andsecond biasing springs 810, 812 are provided. An internal spring separation plate 814 is mounted to the rod 804. With this construction, spring 810 resists compression of the dampener and corresponding movement of the rod 804. In contrast, the spring812 resists extension of the rod 804. The biasing forces exerted by the springs may be different and the distance of travel in compression and extension may be varied. As one specific example, spring 812 may provide twenty pounds force per inchresistance with a maximum extension of twenty-five millimeters, while spring 810 may provide forty pounds force per inch compression with a maximum compression distance of forty millimeters, the distances being from a home position indicated at 816 inFIG. 14. At the home position in the illustrated form of shock absorber, the springs exert fifteen pounds force against one another.
Again, other vibration dampeners, including other forms of shock absorbers, may be utilized in the illustrated seat suspension systems.
FIGS. 15, 16, 16A and 17 illustrate another form of latch mechanism which may be used in the illustrated seat suspension embodiments. Again, for purposes of convenience, components of the seat suspension of FIG. 15 and the related figures whichcorrespond to components of FIG. 1 are illustrated with the same number as utilized in FIGS. 1-3, except with a double prime superscript ("). These corresponding components will not be described in any detail.
The vibration dampener 220" comprises a rod gripping latching assembly 870 coupled at its upper end portion 872 to the seat support member 22" at a location rearwardly of pivot 32". The lower end portion of the vibration dampener 220" is pivotedto base 30" at a location forwardly of pivot 38". More specifically, the illustrated rod gripping latch assembly 870 is pivoted to downwardly projecting ears, one being shown at 874 in FIG. 15, at the underside of seat supporting member 22" for pivotingabout a pivot axis 876. The piston rod 206" in this embodiment is of an extended length and passes through the rod gripping latch assembly 870. When in a latched condition, the rod is gripped by the latch assembly 870 so that it does not move relativeto seat support member 22". Consequently, the dampener 200" is operable to dampen seat vibrations. When unlatched, the rod 206" is free to slide relative to the rod gripping latch assembly 870. Thus, for example, the rod may be released during seatheight adjustment by air spring 270" so that the elevation of the seat may be adjusted to a new desired elevation. The latch may then be operated to re-engage the rod 206" and again apply the dampening force to the seat support and the seat. Consequently, the dampening force applied to the seat may be the same immediately before and after a seat elevation adjustment by air spring 270". The latching mechanism 220" may be controlled in various manners, such as previously described inconnection with the latching mechanism 220.
An optional positioning sensor, such as leveling valve 230", may be included in this system, as well. Leveling valve 230" is coupled by links, including link 232", to a collar 878 which is secured to rod 206" for movement with the rod. Levelingvalve 230" may be operated in the same manner as leveling valve 230 and, hence, its operation will not be described in detail.
It should be noted that the construction of FIG. 15 is less compact than the construction of FIG. 1 due to the elongated nature of piston rod 206". To reduce the overall length of the construction, latch mechanism 870 may be positioned adjacentto shock absorber 200" on a separate rod or other element which is to be gripped. In this latter case, the shock absorber 201" may be coupled to this alternative rod or element which is to be gripped.
With reference to FIGS. 16, 16A and 17, the illustrated FIG. 15 form of rod gripping latch assembly will next be described. More specifically, the illustrated latching assembly 870 includes an outer cylindrical housing 890 defining an upperchamber 892 and an enlarged lower chamber 894. Upper and lower end caps 896, 898 are threaded or otherwise secured to housing 890 to enclose the respective ends of the latch mechanism 870. A piston 900 is positioned within housing 890 and has an upperportion 902 and a lower enlarged portion 904. Upper portion 902 supports an O-ring seal 906 which engages the interior wall of housing 890 in the region of upper chamber 892. Lower enlarged portion 904 of piston 900 carries an O-ring 908 whichsealingly engages the interior wall of housing 890 in the region of the lower chamber 894. A biasing spring 910 is positioned between end cap 898 and piston 900.
The assembly also includes at least one rod gripping element and, in the illustrated form, includes four such elements 912, 913, 914 and 915. Each of the illustrated elements 912 through 915 is spring biased away from the rod 206". For example,the rod gripping elements may be supported by a spring 916 having an enlarged upper end portion 918 secured between the cap 896 and housing 890. The lower exterior surface of the rod gripping elements, such as indicated at 918 for element 912, may taperdownwardly into a wedge-shaped configuration. With piston 900 in the position shown in FIG. 16, an upper surface of piston 902 bears against the wedge surfaces 918 to urge the rod gripping elements 912-915 against the rod. The rod 206" may include afriction enhanced outer surface to facilitate gripping of the rod by the rod gripping elements. In addition, the surface of gripping elements 912, 915 which engages the rod may also be friction enhanced. As a specific example, a plurality of concentricridges, such as indicated at 920, may be provided along the length of rod 206". These ridges, although not apparent from the figures, may extend along a region of rod 206" of a length corresponding to the full range of seat height adjustment so that,regardless of the height to which the seat has been adjusted, ridges 920 are in position for gripping by the elements 912-915 at all seat height adjustments. Corresponding grooves may be provided as indicated at 922 in the rod gripping surface of theelements 912-915. In effect, teeth are thus provided on the surfaces 920 and 922 which mesh together to lock the rod 206" to the latching assembly 870 when piston 900 is positioned as shown in FIG. 16.
With reference to FIG. 17, to disengage the latch assembly 870 from the rod 206", pressurized fluid such as air is delivered via line 924 to that portion of chamber 894 between the seals 906 and 908. This shifts piston 900 downwardly as shown inFIG. 17. Due to the spring bias on rod engaging elements 912-915, these elements shift outwardly away from the rod (see arrows 925) so as to disengage the surfaces 920, 922 from one another. This permits sliding movement of the latch assembly 870 ineither direction along the rod as indicated by double headed arrow 926 during seat height adjustment. Following seat height adjustment, pressure may be relieved on line 924, permitting spring 910 to shift piston 900 upwardly to cause elements 912-915 tore-engage the rod 206".
Thus, the latching mechanism 870 also allows the use of a dampener capable of applying a non-linear dampening force to the seat. During seat height adjustment in this example, however, the home position of the dampener remains at the sameelevation. That is, in this case, the seat can be moved relative to the dampener rather than moving the dampener with the motion of the seat. Again, latching mechanism 870 may be controlled in the same manner as previously described for latchingassembly 220.
FIG. 17A illustrates another form of latch mechanism which is similar to that shown in FIGS. 15, 16, 16A and 17 and which may be used in the illustrated seat suspension embodiments. For purposes of convenience, components of the seat suspensionlatch of FIG. 17A which correspond to components of the embodiment of FIGS. 15, 16, 16A and 17 are illustrated with the same numbers. These corresponding components will not be described in any detail. The latch shown in FIG. 17A is longitudinally morecompact than the latch shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 and thus may be included, for example, in applications where space limitations are greater.
With reference to FIG. 17A, although a cap such as 898 in FIG. 16 may be used, a mechanically simple spring retainer 899 is shown for retaining the biasing spring 910 in position. An annular notch 901 is provided around the interior perimeter ofhousing 890 and adjacent to the lower end of this housing. The spring retainer includes fingers 905 which fit within notch 901 when the spring retainer 899 is installed. These fingers are deflected during installation of the retainer 899 and then snapinto the notch 901 when in position. An annular shelf 907 is provided near the lower end of housing 890 and above the notch 901. A horizontal radially extending disk-like body portion 911 is included in the illustrated retainer 899. The upper surfaceof the distal end of the body portion 911 engages the shelf 907. Fingers 905 project from the body portion. A central portion 913 of body portion 911 is raised as shown to define a seat which is inserted into the interior of the spring 910. Adownwardly extending collar portion 915 of body 911 surrounds the shaft 206". The retainer 899 may be stamped or otherwise formed from a single piece of sheet metal or other suitable material.
The locking elements 912, 914 (again, one or more such locking elements may be provided, with four such elements being included in the illustrated embodiment), each include a friction enhanced surface, in this illustrated case a toothed shaftgripping surface 922. The surface 922 selectively engages a friction enhanced surface on shaft 206", in this case toothed surface 920, when the shaft is engaged by the latch.
The gripping elements 912, 914 are shaped and biased toward an unlatched state or condition in which surfaces 922 and 920 are disengaged from one another. When spring 910 urges piston 900 upwardly as shown in FIG. 17A, surfaces 918, 919 engageone another. As a result, the surfaces 922 and 920 are shifted into cooperative latching engagement. Conversely, as explained previously in connection with FIGS. 16 and 17, when pressurized air is delivered via air supply line 924 to chamber 894, thepiston 900 shifts downwardly from the position shown in FIG. 17A. As a result, the surfaces 920, 922 disengage one another. When disengaged, because of the biasing on latching elements 912, 914 (and elements 913 and 915, not shown in FIG. 17A), thelatch gripping elements are released from the shaft.
In the specific example shown, this biasing of elements 912, 914 is accomplished by an annular wave spring 925 which engages an undersurface of a radially outwardly projecting flange 923 of each of these latch gripping elements. A gap 927 isprovided between the upper surface of flange 923 and the under surface of cap element 872. Consequently, when piston 900 moves downwardly in FIG. 17A, wave spring 925 pivots the latch elements 912, 914 about a rocking or pivot point 917 with flange 923moving toward the cap 872. This in turn shifts the latch surfaces 922 away from the rod 206", releasing the rod from the latch gripping elements. An inwardly projecting rib portion 921 of the latch elements 912, 914 is positioned within a radiallyinwardly extending annular notch 929 formed in cap piece 872. Consequently, the latch elements 912, 914 do not shift longitudinally within the housing 890 when piston 900 is moved.
Again, the construction of FIG. 17A illustrates one variation of the latch of FIGS. 16 and 17 which is longitudinally more compact. Also, the latch of FIG. 17A may be used in the orientation shown in FIG. 17A or in any other orientation, such asin the opposite (e.g. rotated 180 degrees) position from the position shown in this figure.
FIG. 18 illustrates yet another embodiment of a seat suspension system having features in common with the previously described systems. Elements in common with those previously described have been given the same numbers, with a triple prime ('")superscript and for this reason will not be described in detail. In the embodiment of FIG. 18, the seat support member 22'" is raised and lowered by air spring 270'" by respectively inflating and deflating the air spring. Vertical motion of the seatmember 22'" is guided by a rod 930 extending upwardly from the floor 14'" of the vehicle. A slide 932 is slidably mounted to the rod 930. A latch 934 selectively couples the slide 932 to the rod. During seat height adjustment, the latch 934 may beoperated in the same manner as previously described for latch mechanism 220. Thus, for example, the latch 234 may be unlatched to permit sliding of slide 232 upwardly and downwardly along rod 930 as the air spring 270'" raises or lowers the seat. Inaddition, as an example of this operation, after the seat height has been adjusted, the latch 934 may be actuated to latch the slide 932 to the rod. A biasing spring 936 urges the slide 932 to a central or home position. Enlarged collars 938, 940 areprovided at the respective upper and lower ends of the slide 932. Collar 938 engages the bottom surface 942 of seat support member 22'" to limit the upward motion of the seat in response to vibrations. Conversely, downward motion is limited by theextent to which collar 940 may travel in a downward direction before spring 936 is fully compressed. The slide 932 has a central portion which passes through an opening 948 through seat support member 22'". The opening 948 is sized to prevent passageof the collars and spring 936 through the seat support member. A damper 200'", which may be a simply shock absorber, engages the upper surface 946 of seat support member 22'" and is coupled by links 950, 952, 954 and 956 to the slide 936 and the seatsupport member 22'". When the seat vibrates, link 952 pivots about pivot a 958, with this motion being dampened by shock absorber damper 200'". Link 954 supports pivot 952 to permit this motion.
A seat position sensor, such as leveling valve 230'", may be used to adjust the inflation of the air spring and the seat elevation upon changes in loading on the seat when the slide is latched to the rod 930. Leveling valve 230'" is coupled by alink 232'" to the collar 938 for this purpose.
FIGS. 19-22 disclose one form of a suitable pneumatic circuit and valve for the illustrated seat suspension embodiments. It should be understood that the valve arrangement and pneumatic circuits may be varied. However, the circuitry describedbelow utilizes a valve (or two separate valves) actuated by a single lever or single switch for simultaneously controlling both seat elevation adjustment and the latching and unlatching of a latch mechanism. Although this construction is advantageous,separately actuated valves may also be used for accomplishing these results.
FIG. 19 illustrates the seat 12 shown schematically on a seat support 20. The seat may be raised and lowered as previously described, such as by the air spring 270. In addition, the system may include a latch, such as latch 220. Air spring 270and latch 220 are shown schematically in FIG. 19. In addition, the optional automatic leveling valve 230 is also shown in this figure coupled to the air spring 270. In addition, a valve 960 is shown for controlling both the air spring 270 during seatheight adjustment and the latch 220.
With reference to FIG. 20, pressurized air is supplied along a line P to both the valve 960 and the leveling valve 230. Exhaust lines E are also shown coupled to these valves. In the configuration shown in FIG. 20, no automatic leveling isoccurring, the latch actuator 390 is in position to latch the latch mechanism 220, and the seat height is not being adjusted. Thus, the air spring line AB is neither being supplied with pressurized air nor being exhausted through either of the valves960 or 230. In this situation, assume the seat height changes while latch 220 is latched. In such a case, the link 232 shifts valve 230 either upwardly or downwardly. If the seat has raised sufficiently to operate the valve 230, the valve 230 shiftsupwardly in FIG. 20, coupling air spring line AB through valve 230 to exhaust line E, resulting in deflation of the air bag until such time in this example as the seat has been lowered to the point where the auto leveling valve no longer operates. Conversely, in this situation, if a load is added to the seat, causing the seat to depress or lower, link 232 causes valve 230 to shift downwardly in FIG. 20. If the seat lowers sufficiently to operate the valve 230, pressure supply line P is coupledthrough valve 230 to the air spring line AB so as to inflate the air spring. The air spring will continue to inflate in this example until auto leveling valve 230 is no longer actuated. As previously described, for example in connection with FIG. 1, ifthe dampening valve is unlatched and the seat height is adjusted, link 232 does not operate the auto leveling valve 230.
Next, assume the seat occupant desires to raise the elevation of the seat. In this case, a manual actuation lever 962 is shifted upwardly in FIG. 20. This couples the pressure supply line P through valve 960 to the air spring line AB, causingthe air spring to inflate and raise the seat. The valve 960 may be biased to the neutral position shown in FIG. 20 so that, upon releasing of the lever 962, the valve returns to the position shown in FIG. 20 and further inflation of the air springstops. In addition, in the circuit illustrated in FIG. 20, as the valve 960 shifts upwardly in this figure, the line P is also coupled through the valve to the latch actuator line AC. Consequently, pressurized fluid is delivered to the latch actuator390, causing the latch actuator to release the latch. This relieves the dampening force from being applied to the seat. After the seat reaches its desired elevation and valve 960 returns to the position shown in FIG. 20, line AC is again exhausted,causing latch actuator 390 to control the latch 220 to latch the dampener mechanism into its operative dampening force applying state.
If it is desired to lower the seat, lever 962 is moved downwardly. In this case, line AB is coupled through valve 960 to the exhaust line E, causing the deflation of the air bag. Simultaneously, pressurized air is delivered from line P to lineAC, causing the latch actuator 390 to release the latch 220 as described above for the case when the seat was being raised.
FIGS. 21A-21C illustrate one form of valve 960 having a common housing 966 within which a slide plate 964 is positioned for accomplishing the dual functions of controlling the latch and seat height adjustment as described above in connection withFIG. 20. In contrast, in FIG. 20 valve 960 had two valves, one for the seat height adjustment control and one for latch/unlatch control, which were controlled by a common actuator (e.g. lever 962). As yet another alternative, each of these two valvesmay have separate actuators which may be mechanically or electronically linked for simultaneous operation. FIG. 21A corresponds to the condition of valve 960 depicted in FIG. 20, with the latch actuator 390 latched (line AC being exhausted) and the seatin a constant position (line AB being neither supplied with pressurized air or being exhausted through the valve 960).
FIG. 21B illustrates the slide plate 964 shifted to a position whereby valve 960 controls the lowering of the seat and the unlatching of the latch 220. That is, air spring supply line AB is shown exhausted, resulting in a deflation of the airbag. Simultaneously, the pressure line is coupled to line AC to cause the latch actuator to unlatch the latch.
In FIG. 21C, the valve slide plate 964 is shown in a position for raising the seat. In this case, pressure line P is coupled to line AB to inflate the air spring. Simultaneously, pressure line P is coupled to line AC to cause the latch actuatorto unlatch the latch 220. In FIGS. 21A, 21B and 21C, the slide plate 964 is shown in a common housing 966. As previously described, additional control approaches may also be used in operating the latching mechanism 220 and seat height adjuster. Thus,although the above approach is advantageous, other approaches may be used by which these devices operate in other sequences (for example, the latch actuator being operated during only a portion of a time the seat height adjuster is operated, or in asequential manner).
FIGS. 22A-22E illustrate a specific form of dual function valve 960. Valve 960 includes a cover 970 overlaying housing 966. The cover has a slot 972 through which the lever 962 projects. The lever 362 may be raised and lowered as indicated bythe arrows in FIG. 22A from the centered position shown in this figure. FIG. 22B illustrates the connection of lever 962 to the slide plate 964 and shows the lever and slide plate comprised of a one-piece homogeneous unitary construction. Theseelements may, for example, be injected molded of plastic. A wave spring 974 biases the slide plate against O-ring seals surrounding ports through housing 966. These ports are connected to the respective lines P, AB, AC and E. One of these O-rings isindicated at 975 in FIGS. 22A and 22B. A coil spring 976 is coupled to lever 962 and engages flanges projecting inwardly from cover 970 (one such flange being indicated at 978 in FIG. 22B). Spring 976 biases the lever 962 to its centered position. Suitable flow paths are defined in slide plate 964 and correspond to the centered position (FIGS. 21A and 22C); the lower seat position (corresponding to FIGS. 21B and 22D); and the raised seat position (corresponding to FIGS. 21C and 22E). Again, othervalve arrangements and controls may be used, for example, electronic controls. However, the specifically illustrated approach employs a single switch lever 962 for simultaneously controlling the raising or lowering of the seat by the seat heightadjuster and also latching and relatching of a latch mechanism utilized in a number of the disclosed embodiments.
Having illustrated and described the principles of our invention with reference to several embodiments, it should be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that these embodiments may be modified in arrangement and detail without departingfrom these principles. We claim all such modifications as fall within the scope of the following claims.
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