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Tocqueville's monumental book is as relevant today as when it was first published in the mid-nineteenth century, and it remains the most comprehensive, penetrating, and astute picture of American life, politics, and morals ever written -- whether by an American or, as in this case, a foreign visitor. This special edition contains the entire two volumes of Democracy in America, based on the second revised and corrected text of the 1961 French edition, meticulously edited by the distinguished Tocqueville scholar J.P. Mayer.
"synopsis" may belong to another edition of this title.
As Alexis de Tocqueville traveled through the young United States, he wrote in his introduction to the first volume of Democracy in America, "the more clearly I saw equality of conditions as the creative element from which each particular fact derived, and all my observations constantly returned to this nodal point." And there is an abundance of observations to be found here, with chapters that consider everything from "judicial power in the United States and its effect on political society" to "why the Americans erect some pretty monuments and others that are very grand."
Why does Tocqueville remain one of the most insightful analysts of American society? Certainly there is the comprehensive nature of his project, but one must also take into account the brilliance of his prose, with just the right balance of elegance and clarity. Democracy in America is as accessible to the modern reader as the work of any contemporary journalist, political scientist, or sociologist--and in many cases more so. It is an essential volume for anybody concerned with American history.About the Author:
Alexis De Tocqueville was born in 1805 in Paris.At the age of twenty-five, he visited the United States, and his experiences there would later become the basis for his classic study Democracy in America.He died in 1859.
"About this title" may belong to another edition of this title.
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Book Description Harper Perennial Modern Classics, 2000. Condition: New. book. Seller Inventory # M0060956666
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We are web design company based in India and USA.
We are looking forward to expand our business and need reliable business partner and good proposal for partnership.
Our target is to have a new branch in Noida and delhi.
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subset: commoncrawl


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I came across this pair of sneakers the other day and for whatever reason they seem perfect to me. I currently wear boots most of the time so seeing these mid-tops, created by Taka Hayashi for Vans Vault, are something so different than what I'm used to but would certainly brighten up my wardrobe. There are a few key things that I think really make this shoe work. First there's the balance of polished and natural materials, specifically the leathers used. I love on the toe there's a suede that gives it that natural vibe, but then you get a bit of the Horween leather that elevates it a bit. Then there's that black and white printed band at the top of the shoe. I think this graphic element is so interesting, it helps to break up the more straightforward nature of the shoe.
Now the hard part… tracking a pair of these down.
Found through Hypebeast


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"Singer Patti Smith's bangs were truly rock 'n' roll and inspired Mona's look," says hairstylist Didier Malige. Lucky Brand chambray shirt, $70.
Tip: Get lasting volume with L'Oréal Paris Studio Line Extreme Hold Strong Suit Mega Spritz.
"Girls think they can only have bangs if they have straight hair," observes Malige, who gave Sheilagh a subtle fringe. "But they're absolutely chic on every texture.'
Tip: Boost curls to new levels by spritzing Frédéric Fekkai Coiff Lifting and Texturizing Spray Gel from roots to ends.
If you believe bangs aren't versatile, think again: Malige blew out curly-tressed Sheilagh's fringe to create a pretty sideswept look.
Tip: Protect your locks from heat-styling damage with MoroccanOil Hydrating Styling Cream.
Caroline's locks—a naturally vibrant red—gave Malige ample inspiration: "She has beautiful hair color—but it looks even stronger with a cool cut." In this story: hair, Didier Malige for Frédéric Fekkai; makeup, Alice Lance for Jed Root, Inc.
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Edited By: Karen S Oberhauser and Michelle J Solensky
336 pages, Illus, 98 figs, 64 tabs, 17 maps
The knowledge of citizen scientists, biologists, and naturalists informs coverage of every aspect of the monach butterfly's life cycle (breeding, migration and overwintering) from the perspective of every established monarch population (Western North America, Eastern North American and Australian). It also reports on 2 major events of longterm importance to monarch conservation and biology: the creation of a larger protected area in the Mexican overwintering sites and a weather related mortality event during the winter of 2002. The book contains a unique combination of basic research, background information, and conservation applications.
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- Getting Started
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Why I Write About Being a Queer, Non-Biological Mother
A couple of days ago I received an email that I had a pending comment for a blog post I had written nearly a year ago on
Year Three: The Evolution of This Queer Parent
This weekend we transitioned our daughter out of her crib and into a toddler bed. Ok, so I realize it's not the most monumental act, and yet,
Questions Queer Parents Get Asked: How Did You DO IT?
I work as an academic counselor and administrator in a college-based support program. Ever since my daughter was born nearly three years ago I have found myself


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TUSCALOOSA, Ala. (AP) - ESPN will televise second-ranked Alabama's game at Tennessee next Saturday night.
The Southeastern Conference announced Sunday that the game will kick off at 6:45 p.m. The Crimson Tide is 7-0 and coming off a win over Mississippi. The Volunteers just routed Mississippi State.
CBS will broadcast the Georgia LSU game.
ESPN will also televise Auburn's visit to West Virginia Thursday night.
(Copyright 2008 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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Furniture November 14, 2016. For those you who want to build a house certainly have to have a concept that is luxurious and beautiful. So this time a lot of ways you want to build a more beautiful and elegant. You can change the concept of using the front
Furniture December 02, 2016. How much did you follow the trend strong>table who come and go? Well if you do not keep your eyes open and be aware of minimalist furniture in this case is dining table, you probably will decorate dining room in the usual manner. See also
Furniture November 10, 2016. Now this is a form of home furniture such as chairs and sofas are only functional also has decorative value as a medium that beautify the interior of a house. We already know the occupancy current occupancy dream today. In selection of furniture is one
Furniture November 22, 2016. Everyone must be kept clean, it certainly is. The bath is the most important to maintain health and protect themselves from infection, bacteria and disease. Maintaining personal and hygiene is also important for the confidence and emotional being. The main objective for the shower is
Furniture November 05, 2016. When talking about a house certainly not forgotten the name of the porch, although for the terrace is not very important in the concept of a house. But its presence is to give a different impression. Where on this terrace can be made as a
Furniture November 11, 2016. Minimalist design today is in a hurry to be made as a reference material for the public in the country, and not wrong if home design is widely used as a dream home. Minimalist house does have a standard land or arguably narrow, but it
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Furniture November 08, 2016. Owning a home is the dream of every person, whether it's luxury home, a modest home, or a minimalist home. The important main functions of the house itself a refuge from heat of the sun and also night. Already we know that homes with a
Furniture November 07, 2016. The beauty of a house must have relation to the use of furniture. Tables, chairs, cabinets and so an alternative many people to in respectively. Well talk about furniture, this time we also want to share information about the design of the chairs and tables
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Oklahoma Christian University provides convenient online bill and payment options.
Payments and/or Students Pay Student Accounts Online
With online payments, students and families have a fast way to pay OC charges and fees. It's not only fast; it's easy! You simply:
- Choose the payment method that best fits your needs.
- Pay over a secure and easy-to-use website
In addition, you can set up and maintain recurring payments. Pay anytime, anywhere.
International Student Payments
International students making payments from outside the United States should set up an account through Flywire using the following link: https://www.flywire.com/pay/oc. These payments will be sent directly to the University on the student's behalf.
Set up Payment Plans
OC payment plans are easy, convenient and designed to allow students and/or parents to make monthly payments (up to five per semester) with zero percent interest.
Receive Bills from OC Electronically
Electronic billing is the easy way to keep track of your bills and get notified when it's time to make a payment. It's a secure and reliable way of integrating, consolidating, authorizing and processing all your OC bills. We simply notify you by email that a bill is available online and allow you or an authorized user to make a payment. You can even print receipts and students can set up PIN access for parents and family members.
Set Up Electronic Refunds
E-Refunds allow students to avoid the delay in receiving and cashing a refund check. OC notifies students by email the instant their refund has been deposited into their bank account.
Access your Student Account Online
Current Students:
- Log in to MyOC
- Click on "Student Account Online" under Services/Student Financial Services.
Prospective Students:
- Log in http://signmeup.oc.edu
- Click on "Student Account Online" link
Parents and other 3rd party users
- Log in to MyOC
- Click on "Student Account Online" on the left hand menu
- Don't have access? Request access from your student by submitting and completing the Parent/Guardian Information Request Form.


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Andy Murray takes on world No.1 Novak Djokovic today in a bid to the end Britain's 77 year wait for a Wimbledon men's singles champion. Tennis legend Fred Perry is the last British player to win the men's Wimbledon championship in 1936, and was the last British player to win a Men's singles Grand Slam title until Andy Murray won the US Open in 2012.
"I think I'll be probably in a better place mentally," Murray told BBC Sport, "I would hope so just because I've been there before."
Murray, who is on a 17-match winning streak on grass, has only met Djokovic once on the surface before, where the Brit sealed a straight-sets win in the 2012 Olympic semi-final.
All of Great Britain knows that Andy can play on grass…but will he be good enough to beat Djokovic on this day? That depends a great deal on which Andy Murray will show up on the hallowed grounds. Will it be the Murray who attacks and forces play with aggression and confidence? Or will it be the Murray who defends his side of the court with consistency and a patented counter-punching style? I say it had better be a great deal of both because Novak will be stoked to hoist his second Wimbledon trophy.


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Being in an accident is bad enough, and now you have to deal with fixing your vehicle. We know this can be a stressful and confusing time, but Eddy's Collision & More is here to help get you and your vehicle back on the road.
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?For those in the rural areas, Disaster will strike and when it does, we want to help!
Because of your generous giving,
we will be able!
Every dollar you give to this fund, will go directly to the mission, or disaster, that is qualified by our Ministry Team. No administrative costs! This is a tax deductible item so please keep your receipt email. Please use the button below to give securely.
?Thank you for your generous gift!


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Try the new Beta.Halton.ca
Halton Region
1151 Bronte Road, Oakville
Ontario, Canada, L6M 3L1
Phone: Dial 311 or
Toll free: 1-866-442-5866
Email Halton Region
RSS is a standard format used to share content on the Internet and receive updates from your favorite websites without having to visit each site. Imagine the time savings if you frequently scan 20 websites for news and need to go to each one to see if there is anything new. With RSS news feeds new articles will be delivered right to you and only sites with new information will be shown. Use an RSS reader to scan headlines and click the link if you are interested in reading more. You will always have the latest information because your RSS reader automatically retrieves the RSS feeds.
Podcasting works in the same manner, only it provides audio or video files rather than text.
Screenshot of Google Reader.
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Halton - Media Releases
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For problems or questions regarding this site, please email Halton
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Halton Region is composed of
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and the Town of Oakville .
We have redesigned and optimized Halton.ca for a more user-friendly mobile experience.
Go to Halton.ca Beta.


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Why Volunteer?
With nearly 1,000 active volunteers, RCR is a 501(c)3 non-profit that is almost entirely volunteer-run. In 2016, volunteers contributed over 23,000 hours of their time, and we would not be where we are without everyone's continued support. Thank you to all of our amazing volunteers, for your support of the league!
If you love the idea of being part of what makes our events amazing, if you want to meet new people, or if you want to hang out with that friend or loved one that joined the league as a skater and they're always skating now, this is the thing for you!
We recognize our most stellar volunteers with the Gold Star Award. See a list of past Gold Star winners here!
Want to join the volunteer team?
Step 1: Apply to Volunteer With RCR! This will get you in our volunteer database for scheduling and tracking hours.
Step 2: Join our Volunteers Facebook Group! Urgent volunteer needs are often posted in this group, so join to stay in the loop!
Step 3: Check out our Volunteer Opportunities to find out what positions we're looking to fill!
During the bouting season, we need lots of volunteers at each event to help things run smoothly, including:
- Yellow Shirts to keep walkways clear, help fans find seats and provide other guidance.
- Graphic Designers to create handbills, posters, website content, banners, program designs and more.
- Medics to help keep our skaters safe on the track. If you have a medical background, check out our full position description to see if your credentials match our needs. If you're interested in helping, please email our Medic Coordinator.
- Front Entrance, Photobooth, Raffle, Merch Staff and more!
Step 4: Don't see anything that fits your unique talents? Feel free to e-mail our Volunteer Manager with ideas about your skills, and what you're interested in.


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Land of promise : Arizona Brides Series, Book 2. / Carol Cox.
Electronic resources
View other formats and editions
Record details
- ISBN: 9781624165931 (electronic bk)
- Physical Description: 1 online resource.
- Publisher: [Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], 2013.
Content descriptions
|Summary, etc.:
Elizabeth Simmons prefers a land of promise... over the life of mundane propriety. When offered a job caring for an injured family acquaintance, Elizabeth gladly sets off for the newly formed Arizona Territory. However, she soon discovers the awful truth behind her new arrangement. Michael O'Roarke left bright prospects behind in order to keep tabs on his unprincipled father. This new job claims all of his attention... until he finds himself captivated by the feisty Elizabeth. Will losing her heart to Michael demolish the self-sufficiency Elizabeth has worked so hard to achieve?
|Reproduction Note:
Electronic reproduction. Uhrichsville : Barbour Books, 2013. Requires OverDrive Read (file size: N/A KB) or Adobe Digital Editions (file size: 417 KB) or Amazon Kindle (file size: N/A KB).
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From humidity to rain, the weather forecast has brought headaches for road crews and drivers across the country when it comes to freshly painted road markings.
Residents of St. Charles, MO, are questioning why road crews would choose to put down lane markings on a day when the weather seemed questionable.
A third-generation Orange City, IA, coatings manufacturer commemorated nine decades of service last week.
The PaintSquare Pro Video Series: A collection of technical presentations hosted by PaintSquare.com in cooperation with SSPC
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Professor Elm does not offer a GS ball in "SoulSilver," nor is there any way to naturally acquire the ball in this version of Pokemon. The GS ball can only be acquired by hacking the game with a third-party device, such as an Action Replay.
The mysterious GS ball is only found in the Japanese version of "Pokemon Crystal," and as of the sixth generation, is not found in any English version. The ball is used to trigger an event in which the player can capture the ultra-rare Pokemon, Celebi. Because of this, there is no native way to acquire either the GS ball, or Celebi, without hacking the game.


text: Im run an Ecommerce site with about 2000 hits a day and am thinking of creating an affiliate program and i thought here would be the best place to ask some questions. Who should i go with ? Google Affiliate network has contacted me. Should i start now or wait till spring ? Our Conversion rate is about 0.5% at the moment , but should be about 2% in Spring. Highest converting keywords are about 10% ( exclusing our site name). Im concerend a few will try and give up due to the low conversion rate. If we offer 10% and the average order is $140 ( 100-500 ) is that sufficient ? This would be about 28c per click ( in spring or South hemisphere) or 7c per click in winter asuming average conversion rates . How will affiliates find me ? What sort of converting traffic can affiliates drive ? The product is womans dresses. Can Affiliates target our 18-30 year old woman target group ? Should i communicate information to affiliates such as seasonal traffic south hemishere is good in winter etc ? Hope i posted in the correct thread , the other thread seemed more about which Affiliate to use and i wanted to target the actual black hatters using affiliate schemes. Regards, Ben


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The Assignment
This week's self-imposed Angular assignment was to create a small app that would dynamically filter a list of data using an input field as search criteria. I chose to base the app on my son's homework assignment and use United States states and capitals.
In my previous examples I used Controllers for all functions and assignments. For simple non-critical applications the configuration works well, but for larger real-world applications a more abstract approach makes sense. Enter Angular Modules.
The Basics
Modules initialize Angular applications and wire together its services, filters, directives, etc. This makes the code portable, easier to debug, and easier to unit test.
To keep things simple, I only used a service in this example. The service is a gofer, responsible for carrying out any requests made by the controller. The controller sets scope properties and behaviors and handles calls from the template.
Here's a basic module, service, and controller in Angular:
angular.module('myApp.service',[]); angular.module('myApp',['myApp.service']); var StatesController = function($scope) {}
On the first line is a service named 'myApp.service'. Note that the dot is not necessary, nor is using the app name as a prefix. I could have named it 'gofer' if I wanted. The important part is that I let the main application module know the name, which brings me to line 2, the main module.
The main module names the app and gives it a a comma delimited reference to services, filters, etc. that can be referenced. If I defined a filter named 'myApp.filter' my module definition would have been: "angular.module('myApp',['myApp.service','myApp.filter']);". The module name, "myApp", will be used in my ngApp directive in the template.
Line 3 is the shell of a controller definition which will be directly accessible by the template. While it wouldn't do anything at this point, we could hook those three lines up to a template and assign myApp to the ngApp directive without error.
Let's Get Some Data!
As with most applications, we'll need access to data. My data source is a JSON file that looks like this:
[ {"name":"Alabama", "capital":"Montgomery","abbreviation":"AL"}, {"name":"Alaska", "capital":"Juneau","abbreviation":"AK"}, {"name":"Arizona", "capital":"Phoenix","abbreviation":"AZ"}, {"name":"Arkansas", "capital":"Little Rock","abbreviation":"AR"}, ... ]
I need a way to create a resource object out of that data so I can interact with it. Angular's ngResource module provides exactly what I need in its $resource service.
NOTE: The ngResource module is NOT in the base angular.js file. To use it you must load angular-resource.js in addition to angular.js. If you get an error in your debugging console that says "Uncaught Error: No module: ngResource", chances are you forgot to load angular-resource.js. You do use a developer tools, right?
To retrieve the resource I utilized a method used to create objects in Angular called a factory. When I put the factory method inside my service, and then provide my Controller with a reference to it, I can use it in my controller to set a scoped property, like this:
angular.module('myApp.service',['ngResource']). factory('States', function($resource){ return $resource('states.json', {},{ get: {method: 'GET', isArray:true} }); }); angular.module('myApp',['myApp.service']); var StatesController = function($scope,States) { $scope.stateData = States.get(); };
So, what changed? First, I gave my service a reference to Angular's ngResource module. That will give me the ability to use the $resource service for my factory allowing me to interact with my data source, "states.json". Notice that the factory has a name, "States" which I provide to my Controller. From there I can access actions inside the factory, such as "get", "save", and "delete".
Now, if I create a template referencing the controller I can display the data using my stateData property. Check out the source code here:
[iframe src="http://embed.plnkr.co/zXGpgCkUl8cF5rzbIWYP" width="100%" height="300″]
Make Something Angulary Happen
We now have a working module, a service, a factory, a controller, and data. Time to do something slick with it. Building off the html above, Inside my StatesController DIV I'm going to delete the current {{stateData}} dump and replace it with something a little easier to read:

 {{state.name}}
 Abbreviation: {{state.abbreviation}}
 Capital: {{state.capital}}

Using ng-repeat and an unordered list, my state information now displays in a style-able list. Unfortunately, a couple of my states are not in alphabetical order. This can be fixed easily by telling the repeater to order it using a built-in filter module named orderBy after my iterator:

 {{state.name}}
 Abbreviation: {{state.abbreviation}}
 Capital: {{state.capital}}

Note that 'name' is a string, not a reference. I could have also defined a property for it in the controller and used it with the orderBy.
Now that they're in alphabetical order I want to be able to search them. This was done by adding a simple input and assigning it an ng-model of 'critera', then giving that to the ng-repeat filter. Angular uses the value entered into the criteria field as a filter for the stateData array. Throw in a style sheet and you have a pretty nifty widget using a very minimal amount of code.
The Result
[iframe src="http://embed.plnkr.co/BixOgwEu66Hzco6rZJqt" width="100%" height="500″]


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October 15, 2010
Norn Publishing
287 pages
Rating: 3 cups
Maddy has been with the Salbine Sisters three years. She is completely devoted to the goddess Salbine. She loves people and has a very compassionate and empathetic soul. She is also in a relationship with the most powerful mage in her order, Lillian. Maddy loves Lillian to distraction but is afraid that because Lillian is much older than Maddy and is much more accomplished in the art of drawing the elements, that Lillian does not take their relationship as seriously as she does.
Lillian has been with the order for twenty-years and is the most powerful mage in the entire sisterhood. She is also a woman who prefers to spend her time alone as frequently as possible. She always has an impatient look for the sisters, except for Maddy, of course. She is in love with Maddy but afraid that Maddy is just using their relationship to pass the time. She is also sensitive of the age difference as she is several years older than Maddy.
After her leaving her parents and her lover behind, Maddy joins the order of the Salbine Sisters and dedicates her life to serving Salbine. After three years, Maddy begins the training to learn how to draw the elements and forms a romantic relationship with her teacher, Lillian. Maddy's life starts to unravel one evening when, during training, something goes horribly wrong and almost costs Maddy her life. After the accident, she discovers that she cannot draw the elements and feels as if Salbine has turned her back on her. She decides to go to another monastery and research her affliction. While on the journey, she is asked to put out a fire in the town she is staying in for the night. and when she explains that she cannot do it, the town's people decide that she is a fraud. Maddy soon finds herself in prison with an eight-year-old pickpocket named Emmye. Maddy becomes fond of the small girl and decides that if the Sisters come to rescue her, Emmye will go with them and they will her help her find her family.
This is a touching story filled with emotion. I found myself trying to help Maddy, Lillian, and Emmye with their struggles. The characters in this book are very easy to love and identify with. The problems that Maddy and Lillian deal with in their relationship are easy to relate to. Watching Maddy work to have her faith restored and Lillian learn to come out of her shell was a complete joy. I hope to read more about the Salbine Sisters soon.
Reviewer for Coffee Time Romance & More
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about us
Scapa Healthcare is a global trusted strategic outsource partner of skin friendly turn-key solutions for advanced wound care, consumer wellness and medical device markets. Scapa Healthcare partners with market leaders to design, develop, manufacture and commercialize innovative skin contact solutions to meet end-user needs. Scapa Healthcare offers turn-key development services, including design and project management; formulation; mixing; coating; converting; filling; printing and packaging; and sterilization services.
B2B Partnership
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Our dedicated quality team works across all stages of product development and manufacturing processes. Our sites are FDA registered, ISO9001, ISO13485 and cGMP compliant.
markets we serve
From controlling excess fluid to protecting fragile skin, we design custom dressings and topical products for wounds at all stages of the healing process.
We offer a full range of skin adhesive and topical solutions for first-aid, foot care, personal care and health & beauty applications.
We consider clinical and user requirements
to design, develop and deliver short and long-term solutions for wearable devices.


text:
Google Groups provide a convenient way to create email-based and/or online forums and email distribution lists, offering a rich experience for community conversations.
Introduction (video)
Where to I find Google's own help for Google Groups?
Who can create a Google Group for work purposes?
How do I get a Google Group for personal use?
2. Apps >


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In a move that may not go down well with many people, the government has cut down the date till which you can use your old Rs 500 notes to December 2, from December 15 earlier. The government had earlier extended the deadline for use of old Rs 500 notes at petrol pumps and airline counters. This means that with effect from December 3 you cannot use your old Rs 500 notes for purchase of petrol, diesel and gas at the stations operating under authorisation of public sector oil marketing companies and for buying airline tickets at airport counters, a government notification said. The government is constantly reviewing the situation on ground and announcing new guidelines every few days.
While junking old 500 and 1,000 rupee notes on November 8, the government had allowed their use for utility bill payments for 72 hours. This deadline was extended twice and when the last one was to expire on November 24, it amended it to state that only the old 500 rupee notes could be used for payment of utility bills like electricity and water, school fees, pre-paid mobile top-up, fuel purchase and airline ticket booking.
While the old note will continue to be accepted for the other utility bill payments as well as at railway ticketing counters and counters of government or public sector undertaking buses for purchase of bus tickets till December 15, it will be discontinued for purchase of fuel and airline tickets at airport counters. Also, the government has dropped earlier announced plan to allow the use of 500 rupee notes for payment of toll at national highways from December 3.
Toll payment in both old 500 and 1,000 rupee notes was accepted till December 2 and from December 3 it was to be limited in 500 rupee notes. But now this facility too has been withdrawn. So from December 3, fuel purchase, airline ticket booking at airport counters and highway toll payment would be allowed only in lower denomination currency or the new 500 and 2,000 rupee notes. Sources said the move to curtail use of old notes at petrol pumps and highway toll plazas follows reports of the facility being misused to launder black money.
(With inputs from PTI)


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Preschool Director - Delane O'Kelley ( Ages 2-Kindergarten)
Preschool Director Assistant - Kelly Boyd
Noah's Landing Preschool Ministry is a Christ centered ministry for children ages 2 - Kindergarten. We strive to teach God's Holy Word through Bible stories, puppets, songs and other fun activities. Our desire is to love and nurture each child and teach them how to grow in JESUS!!
To train each child in the way he should go and when he is old, he will not depart from it. Proverbs 22:6
We believe that children are a heritage of the Lord. Psalms 127:3
9:00 a.m.-"Sunday School" We have wonderful Godly teachers that love God with all their heart. They are faithful and dedicated to teaching our children the love of Jesus each week.
10:00 a.m.- "Children's Church" A worship service designed just for preschoolers. Our Sunday morning worship service is designed to teach preschoolers how to worship JESUS! Worship time includes praising Jesus, music, puppets, bible story videos, hands on crafts and other fun activities.
5:30 p.m. "Kidz Nite" An evening planned with preschoolers in mind. A wide variety of activities in which children learn to enjoy themselves, appreciate others and share their faith through lessons, music, games and playtime.
6:30 p.m.-"Noah's Kids" A Fun night filled with activities as we grow in Jesus through bible stories, crafts, music time, playtime and snacks. We learn to share with one another, love and teach each child about Jesus.
Highlights of our year include: Easter Egg Hunt, Summer Day Camp, Vacation Bible School, Movie Night, Pumpkin Patch, Happy Birthday Jesus, Christmas Musical……Come experience the excitement with us!!
Our Purpose: To lay a strong foundation by teaching God"s Holy Word, so that one day each child will come to accept Jesus Christ as their personal Savior and grow in a relationship with Him.


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JERUSALEM — The certificate is written in English, Hebrew and Arabic and is available to Jews fearful of hijackers and terrorists.
``This is to confirm that the bearer ... is a Jew,`` it says simply, but then emphasizes, ``NOT a Zionist.
``The Zionist state is not a state of the Jewish people.``
The certificate is the creation of Rabbi Moshe Hirsh, an aspiring Palestinian Minister of Jewish Affairs, who on theological grounds opposes the existence of Israel as a Zionist state. He has gone so far as to offer his services to the PLO.
``The certificate was issued because all Jews are looked upon as Zionists by hijackers,`` said Hirsh, 50, a frail, balding man with a flowing white beard. ``Arab fighters are taught anti-Zionism, not Jewish consciousness.``
Hirsh`s black overcoat, wide-rimmed hat and dark trousers conform to the Orthodox Jewish imitation of the garb of 18th century Eastern European nobility. His American accent remains distinct 30 years after moving from his native New York to what he describes as ``Jerusalem, Palestine.``
As foreign affairs spokesman of the group Neturei Karta, Hirsh recently urged the Palestine Liberation Organization of Yasser Arafat to appoint a minister of Jewish affairs in a future Palestinian government-in-exile. Hirsh said he would accept the post.
Neturei Karta, Aramaic for ``Guardians of the City,`` is a society of at most several thousand Orthodox Jews opposed on theological grounds to Israel`s existence. Most of its members renounced Israeli citizenship in the early 1950s, he said.
``The Zionist state is holding back the Messianic era,`` he said.
``We Palestinian Jews are refugees. There is no difference if one has been ousted from one`s country or if one`s land has been ousted from underneath one.``
Referring to a passage in the Song of Songs, Hirsh said the Talmud obliges Jews not to take land by force and not to rebel against their host countries.


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Multiplication Facts: Some of the 6s
Review the first part of the six times table with these written multiplication problems and word problems. Use this multiplication worksheet to see how quickly students can recall times table facts.
Multiplication (538)
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Fifth Grade Math Made Easy
These workbooks have been compiled and tested by a team of math experts to increase your child's confidence, enjoyment, and success at school. Fifth Grade Math Made Easy provides practice at all the major topics for Grade 5 with emphasis on addition and subtraction of fractions and decimals. It includes a review of Grade 4 topics, including Times Tables practice. Learn how the workbook correlates to the Common Core State Standards for mathematics.
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Teachers are always thinking about their students, but devotion to their progress shouldn't come at the expense of your own. That's why we've created an "Ultimate Back-to-School Guide" for teachers based on our nine future-ready skill domains.
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This past weekend I felt very blessed by my family. My Aunt Jennifer and Mom and Dad were extremely helpful with the kids, cooked, cleaned up, and even did some sewing!
I was able to focus on Geneva and enjoy their company.
When it stopped raining, we had scooter races!
Aunt Dottie loved watching Geneva.
Somebody was playing a trick on me with the toy mouse!
Geneva's first outing was for dessert in Old Town Alexandria.
She's a little night owl!
Mimi and Geneva enjoyed playing on the floor.
Morning cuddles.
Thanks Aunt Jennifer for coming to meet me!
Four generations of ladies!


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Pharmaceutical Industry
Mismatch in expectations and reality of cancer patients in clinical drug trials
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Expectations of cancer patients enrolled in clinical trials need to be better managed, according to a study that highlights the vulnerability of this group of patients.
13 Nov 2016 - General
Discussion (5 comments)
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Pharmaceutical Industry
Maria Cristina Inserto
I am positive to your views, as you told hope holding them an binding them for clinical trials. Nobody can guarantee for cure or an adverse event free and some times situation may worsen, but patients are entering into trial with a hope as no treatment availability. The end days are inevitable and undetectable. Don t worry in thinking about end days. Just close your eyes, your mom is always...
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Life is a very lucrative luxury and everyone tries their best to hold on to it, mostly because they are attached to the different aspects of their earthly existence---wealth, family, friends, career. Many cancer patients give in to trials because they're on their way out anyway, who knows right? But the thing is, sometimes they begin to hope and then it all goes downhill. It's even more difficult when doctors make the mistake of promising the moon and stars. Anyway, after the whole ordea...
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Pharmaceutical Industry
Mark Edmon Tan
For ethical reasons we can not conduct clinical trials on healthy volunteers and with a hope of at least cancer patient can benefited with investigational drug. Healthy volunteers are now being included in anticancer trials due to availability of non-cytotoxic anticancer drugs having considerably lower toxicity. Majority of investigational drugs meet to fail the requirements in Phase II and Phase I...
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Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
This is the sad truth for cancer patients. Fighting an uphill battle with little ray of hope is really difficult for these patients. That little ray of hope is the clinical trials they enrol in with expectations that the tumor will meet its remedy. However, clinical trials do not guarantee treatment and patients should be well-informed of that. It has to be explained that these trials are part of studies that determine if this particular combination of drugs would be beneficial for this specifi...
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Kimberly Seals Allers
Kimberly Seals Allers is an award-winning journalist, author and a nationally recognized media commentator, consultant and advocate for breastfeeding and infant health. A former senior editor at ESSENCE and writer at FORTUNE magazine, Kimberly is widely considered a leading voice in the counterculture movement in infant feeding. Last year, her online commentaries on the social, structural and racial complexities of maternal and child health issues received over 10 million page views. Her recent book, THE BIG LET DOWN, published by St. Martin's Press, is an in-depth analysis of the social, economic and political influences of the American breastfeeding culture.
Camie Jae Goldhammer
Camie Jae Goldhammer, MSW, LICSW, IBCLC, (Sisseton-Wahpeton) is a Clinical Social Worker and Lactation Consultant. Camie received her Master of Social Work degree from the University of Washington in 2006, specializing in Maternal Mood Disorders and the affects of complex/Intergenerational trauma on attachment, bonding and the parenting practices of Native families. Camie is the founder and chair of the Native American Breastfeeding Coalition of Washington. She is also a founding mother and President-Elect of the National Association of Professional and Peer Lactation Supporters of Color. In 2013 she became Washington state's first Native American IBCLC. She is a National leader on topics of racial equity and first food justice and recently launched the Indigenous Breastfeeding Counselor training.
Our Mission
The mission of La Leche League USA is to help parents to use human milk through parent-to-parent support, encouragement, information, and education, and to promote a better understanding of human milk as an important element in the healthy development of the baby and parent.
Our Purpose
- La Leche League was founded to give information and encouragement, mainly through personal help, to all parents who want to breastfeed their babies.
- LLL believes that breastfeeding, with its many important physical and psychological advantages, is best for baby and human milk feeding families and is the ideal way to initiate good parent-child relationships.
- LLL further believes that parenting through breastfeeding, chestfeeding, or human-milk feeding deepens a parent's understanding and acceptance of the responsibilities and rewards of their special role in the family.
- The League's purpose is distinct. This singleness of purpose does not prevent interaction with other organizations with compatible purposes, but La Leche League will carefully guard against allying itself with another cause, however worthwhile that cause may be.
What do we do?
Breastfeeding is natural, but it does not always come naturally. La Leche League offers support to all who want to feed human milk in various ways. Whether you are working or home with your baby, La Leche league can help you reach your feeding goals.
La Leche League helps families by:
La Leche League helps families by:
- Providing free meetings led by volunteer Leaders who are experienced with breastfeeding and are accredited by La Leche League International.
- Offering support between meetings for breastfeeding challenges, such as positioning and latch, being sure your baby is getting enough milk, soreness, pumping and milk storage, and so much more!
- Helping parents learn about the ages and stages of breastfeeding.
- Creating a community of support by bringing breastfeeding families together.
Our Commitment
La Leche League USA (LLL USA) is committed to diversity and inclusion. LLL USA supports all breastfeeding, chestfeeding, and human milk feeding families, regardless of their race, ethnicity, immigration status, national origin, creed, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, family structure, primary language, ability, or socio-economic status. LLL USA fosters diversity among its Leaders so as to incorporate a wide variety of perspectives and responsible decision making.
LLL USA also remains committed to honoring the spirit and the letter of the WHO Code – the World Health Organization (WHO) International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and subsequent WHA Resolutions. LLL USA does not condone any actions that would allow a company that is not upholding its obligations under the WHO Code to advertise at La Leche League events. Click here for more information about the WHO Code.
LLL USA also remains committed to honoring the spirit and the letter of the WHO Code – the World Health Organization (WHO) International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and subsequent WHA Resolutions. LLL USA does not condone any actions that would allow a company that is not upholding its obligations under the WHO Code to advertise at La Leche League events. Click here for more information about the WHO Code.


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This system is made for large openings and can combine an integral fly screen.
Similar products:
[single glass]: 4-6, 8 mm; [glass layers]: 6-12, 14 mm; [insulated glass]: 14-16, 22-23 mm.
A variety of push handles- sliding multilock mechanism.
Maximum sash size
Width up to 150 cm, height up to 260 cm.
Meaning, the double panel sliding window could reach up to a width of 3 m and a height of 2.60.
Incase you are interested in a higher upper fix, you can combine one. For a larger width, additional sashes can be combined or you can move to the urban series. Maximum weight of 160 kg.
In this series, it is customary to use the RAL and metallic colors.
You can choose a color from Extal's color fans, including: (S) satin, (M) metallic or (G) grain.
Developed by Flame-Ware Solutions


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2002 WRX Wagon Built EJ205
Pictures WILL be up tomorrow afternoon
Will trade - Try your offer
Located In Guelph, Ontario
Will Deliver
I bought this car as a project earlier this year but need something more fuel efficient as I travel back and forth from Western to Eastern Ontario and Quebec- Now 97% Complete - Only needs Some body work and paint - Drives like new
Selling a pretty mint 2002 Subaru WRX Wagon in Rally Blue
Certified and Etested
Work that has been done in the last month (July & August):
- New Exhaust Valves
- New Head gaskets
- New Catalytic Converter
- New Stock Intake Manifold
- Gaskets All around
- New Knock Sensor
- New MAF
- New Intake (Box and turbo inlet)
- New MSR 043 wheels
- New Dunlop SP Sport FM901 tires
- Alignment
- New Fluids (obvious)
118,000km on the Body
35,000km on the Motor
Running a stock ECU and stock boost - Runs perfectly
- HI-REV JDM STi Fully Forged Short block - EJ205
- Helix Connecting Rods - EJ257 - Stock ratio
- Gruppe-S Short block Bolt Set
- Gruppe-S Seals/Gasket Set
- Gruppe-S Coated Bearing Kit - EJ257
- Stockish Turbo - Ported Exhaust Housing
- Turbo XS Top Mount Intercooler TMIC + Stock top mount
- Tial 50mm Blow Off Valve
- Stock Transmisson
- SPEC-C Stage 2 Clutch
- 3" Exhaust - Magnaflow High Flow Catalytic Converter - Magnaflow Muffler - Sounds Mean!
- JIC Magic Coilovers - Front
- Tanabe Sustec - Rear
- MSR 043 wheels - 16x7 +35mm offset
- Dunlop SP Sport FM901 225/55/16
- Drilled and Slotted Rotors - Upgraded Pads
- WHITE JDM Hood - on the car - Needs paint
- WHITE OEM Front Bumper with a Chargespeed lip - on the car - Needs paint
- STi Style Hood Scoop - Carbon Fibre
- Zero/Sports WRX scoop Air-splitter
- Innovative LC-1 Wideband
- Boost Gauge
- Stock
- Hood and front bumper painted
- Previous owner decided it was a great idea to place bondo on the rear wheel wells to create a wide body kit effect - Failed miserably - still there - needs to be sanded down, primed, painted, cleared, polished - all in a couple days work
Price: $6800
top up
Pictures: http://www.photobucket.com/2002wrxbuiltej205
Video of it running: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PA5qayLhchI
poor car :(
it was much worse when i first purchased it. it was sporting a wide body kit, 2 bent exhaust valves, looked very hideous, just a complete cluster fcuk.
Although, a big thank you to marc at autologix in kitchener who took very well care in using the best parts at very reasonable prices to getting her running like new again.
I understand that the way it looks could hurt the sale, but it is always good to try :)
sold. thank you for the offers guys!
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Soviet forces in Afghanistan have flattened 50 to 60 villages in the past two weeks in a new campaign of intimidation and retaliation against villagers suspected of harboring Afghan insurgents.
A diplomatic source with close contacts in Kabul, who reported the retaliatory raids here July 14, estimated the Afghan casualties as "thousands and thousands and thousands."
Citing eyewitness reports of villages reduced to rubble in the mainly airborne attacks, he said the raids marked a change from the previous Soviet concentration on strikes against insurgent units.
[Reuters reports that Soviet troops are still pouring into Afghanistan more than six months after the Soviet-backed coup. The news service quotes one Western traveler recently returned from Kabul as saying the US government's estimate of 80,000 Soviet troops in the country is "too small."]
One Soviet attack on a village in the Gazni area of eastern central Afghanistan left 60 rebels and more than 1,000 inhabitants killed or wounded, the diplomat here said, citing reports reaching the Afghan capital of Kabul. Casualty figures were not independently confirmed, he acknowledged.
"They clearly are stepping up this tactic for whatever reason," the diplomat said. "It's still going on."
Other new patterns of Soviet activity noted by Afghanistan observers include a decrease in the number of Soviet- initiated operations against rebel units and "striking" changes in air activity at the Kabul airport, he reported.Instead of the customary nighttime landing and takeoffs. Ilyushin-76s bearing the markings of Aeroflot, the Soviet commercial airline, have been landing since July 10 during daylight hours at the rate of 8 to 12 a day.
Trucks have been unloading cargo from the big Ilyushins and transferring it to smaller transport planes that have taken off for the Afghan hinterlands.
"The Soviets are concentrating on resupply and reconfiguration," the diplomatic source concluded.
Except in Paktia Province, he said, "The Soviets are not continuing search and destroy operations, and they are not trying to expand the areas of their control. I don't know whether this is an Olympian lull or because they're preoccupied with whatever it is they're doing by air."
Some observers believe the Soviets are gearing up for a major drive against the Afghan rebels, but are holding off for public-relations reasons until the Olympics conclude in Moscow.
The perception in Kabul among Afghan residents and diplomats is that of "a change in the war," the high-level diplomatic source reported. "Fewer Soviets are engaged, but more air power is engaged. That's a change that is seen and resented."
Soviet and Afghan forces have previously raided villages in the areas of rebel ambushes or attacks to punish civilians for allegedly sheltering or aiding the antigovernment guerrillas. By several previous accounts from varying sources, firing was often way off target and casualties were low.
In the past, a diplomat explained, rebels would normally warn friendly villagers to flee when an antigovernment action was planned and a punitive raid could be expected.
The new high casualty estimates, if accurate, would indicate that the villagers had no warning. Some observers conclude that the aerial and occasional armored raids are intended to intimidate the civilian population and scare them off from aiding rebel bands.
A diplomatic report said the Soviets are replacing the heavy tanks they withdrew last month with lighter, low-slung track vehicles normally used by airborne and mobile mountain forces. Among them is the BMD, an armored personnel carrier with heavier-than-normal weaponry.
Describing them as "a cross between an armored personnel carrier and a tank," one source said the BMDs "have the weaponry of a tank and they're light and mobile and low and fast." The heavier equipment taken home by the Soviets during their highly publicized troop withdrawal last month was "virtually useless" in Afghanistan fighting conditions, he said.


text: I have the 13" 1.86GHz model with 4GB RAM. When playing flash videos, it gets very noisy. This is the only thing stopping me from getting the 11" and returning the 13". Will the 11" 1.4GHz be even noisier than the 13" or just the same? Will it be able to handle flash videos?


text:
Melodic acoustic track with acoustic guitars, bass, piano and rhythm elements. First half is more calm, in the second half the kick is doubled for a bit more lilt.
In the package:
Main – 2:41
Loop – 2:35
Same as the main file, the end is just cutted.
The files and ID3 tags are named: author-file name.
Thank You for listening!


text:
Happy Friday, Friends! My lovely sponsor, Isabela from Ooh Leela, has a giveaway for you! When Isabela's not accounting for things (her day job!), she loves crafting, and has a little Etsy shop where she sells the kitchenware that she sews up. Today, she's offering a $10 gift certificate to her shop.
Like her page on Facebook, then come back and leave a comment. We'll leave the giveaway open until Monday at noon, when I'll choose a random winner.
Good luck!
giveaway: Ooh Leela gift certificate
8 comments:
- Anonymous3:23 AM
Just a quick note to let you know that a link to this post will be placed on CraftCrave today [29 Jan 12:00am GMT]. Thanks, MariaReplyDelete
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text:
While attending the 2012 'Back to the Beach' Car Show, held at Arlington Toyota in Palatine, Illinois, we had a chance to catch up with a few of the owners for in-depth video interviews on their classic machines.
One such event participant was Tony Liedig, who owns this fully restored 1960 Ford Sunliner. From its glossy, mirror-black paint to its factory-fresh red interior, we knew we had to get a closer look at this stunning drop top.


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In 1915, when Lawrence Bragg was a 25-year-old Second Lieutenant in the Royal Horse Artillery, seconded to 'Maps GHQ', he learned that he and his father had shared the Nobel Prize in physics. Lawrence's equation was crucial for winning the prize and he had been wounded by his father's early dissemination of their work with casual attribution to 'my son'. Lawrence was responsible for developing methods for pinpointing the position of enemy artillery pieces by recording the boom of their firing with an array of microphones. It was a simple idea but difficult to implement. Step by step, Bragg and the group he assembled solved the problems and developed a system that worked. Sound-ranging was valuable in the British victory at Cambrai in 1917 and vital for that at Amiens in 1918: the 'black day of the German Army'. He received the MC and the OBE. His Army service manifested both his scientific leadership and administrative skills, which culminated in the demonstrations of the validity of the dream he enunciated in his Nobel lecture: that X-rays could be used to resolve the structure of the most complicated molecules.
Entering the army
William Lawrence Bragg (later FRS) enlisted in a Territorial Force formation, King Edward's Horse, in 1909, shortly after he came up to Trinity College Cambridge to read mathematics.1 They were mounted infantry, which had been found useful during the Boer War, so they learned musketry and horses. The Horse had been established specifically for training men from the Colonies. Bragg thought that it would be a agreeable way to become acquainted with men like himself: strangers slightly out of place in the ancient university—it was a long way from Adelaide, Australia, where he had grown up. Within weeks he had many friends in the University and felt quite at home; still he found the Horse sufficiently agreeable to recommend it to his younger brother Robert Charles—Bob—who came up in 1912. Bob also enlisted. Every year during the long vacation they went off for manoeuvres. Bragg completed his service in the Horse and was discharged in November 1913.
Bragg had taken a First in Part II Physics in 1911. He then started at the Cavendish Laboratory, measuring the velocity of ions in various gases. Despite its renown the facilities were scant, and because of its renown it was jammed with students. It was hard to get things done. Each student had to fabricate needed apparatus. Often glass had to be blown. There was a single foot pump for 40 students, so it was difficult to get to use it. Bragg recalled, 'I was able to sneak it once from the room of a young lady researcher when she was temporarily absent, and passing her room somewhat later I saw her bowed over a desk in floods of tears. I did not give the foot pump back.'
When war broke out in August 1914 Bragg was grateful for his military training. While his friends were frantically trying to join up, Bragg was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Leicestershire Royal Horse Artillery on 26 August. In the French field artillery there was a tradition of serious interest in guns, but in the British and German services the focus was on hauling them into action at a gallop, and then firing over open sights. Tables of logarithms were seldom consulted. It was not Bragg's element. '…my knowledge of horses was not at all extensive and my fellow officers and men were Leicestershire hunting enthusiasts'. The training was monotonous and repetitive, and so was the officer's mess, with seemingly endless discussions of stifles; the months dragged by while they languished far from the front.
Escaping from horses
Out of the blue in July 1915 Bragg was ordered to report to Colonel Coote Hedley, a Royal Engineer (RE) and head of the Geographical Section of the General Staff in London.2 Hedley told him that on a visit to France he had learned that the French were working on a method to pinpoint the position of German artillery pieces by the sound they produced.3 Distrusting memoranda, Hedley went directly to General Headquarters (GHQ) in Flanders to buttonhole those in charge about the possibilities. There was 'much apathy and some opposition', but he won. GHQ set up a committee of three, experts on artillery, electricity and topography, to evaluate what the French were doing. The French were exploring three methods: first, having observers at widely spaced points, to measure the interval between a gun flash and hearing the sound with a stop watch; second, to place microphones along the front and record their output on moving smoked paper; and third, to record the output from the array of microphones with a string galvanometer, which the French called the 'Bull–Weiss system'. The committee thought the Bull–Weiss method the most promising. GHQ was not convinced. The committee was sent back to see the methods in action. Again they recommended the Bull–Weiss method. Their recommendation was forwarded to the Experiments Committee at GHQ, who rejected it because it had not been shown to work. The head of the topographical sub-section at GHQ, Lieutenant Colonel Ewan Maclean Jack RE, would not let the matter rest. 'After some discussion' the committee's report was rescinded and a string galvanometer was ordered from Bull. It would be delivered in October 1915.
Now they needed an officer who knew something about sound and electricity to put the method into operation. Would Bragg be interested? Indeed he was. Bragg left the interview overjoyed with his liberation; it made him 'walk on air'.3 He was seconded for special duty on 19 July, to the topographical sub-section—which was known even on official documents as 'Maps GHQ'.4
I do not know how Bragg was chosen for the job, though there is no doubt about his credentials and they could not have found a better man. That year he and his father, William Henry Bragg, who was then Professor of Physics at Leeds, had published their book X-rays and crystal structure.5 In May 1915 father and son were jointly awarded the Barnard Medal of Columbia University, given at five-year intervals, which was reported prominently in The Times as an 'American Medal for British savants'.6
He went over to Paris for a briefing by the French on what they were doing. A leading spirit was Charles Nordmann, a Professor of Astronomy from Paris, who had the idea while serving at the front in 1914 and had obtained permission to give it a try. He teamed up with Lucien Bull, an Irishman at the Institute Marey, who had been making 'string' galvanometers to record the electrocardiograph. The string in the galvanometer was a fine wire that ran through the gap in a powerful magnet. When an electrical current flowed through the wire it moved in the magnetic field. The wire's shadow was recorded on a moving strip of photographic film. For the sound-ranging enterprise Bull increased the number of strings; now they were inserting six. From Paris, Bragg travelled up to GHQ to report to Colonel Jack.
In the first months of the war Maps GHQ was a tiny operation. The Army expected a short war; they had excellent Belgian maps on hand. They had only two surveyors with theodolites to take bearings on smoke bombs that British aircraft would drop over German batteries. When the Army settled into trench warfare, Maps GHQ expanded to provide the detailed maps that were needed for France. Since then they had started to use flash-spotting to pinpoint German guns. Now they would add sound-ranging. Jack authorized Bragg to go to England to sign on another officer to help out. Bragg decided on a newly commissioned Second Lieutenant: Harold Roper Robinson (later FRS), of the Royal Garrison Artillery.7 He had worked been working at Manchester University on β-rays emitted from metals struck by X-rays.
Early in September they travelled together to the front in the Vosges Mountains, where the French were working with their apparatus. It was a peculiar introduction to battle. During their first two weeks not a single gun on either side was fired. Things were so quiet that the French used their gun emplacements to lay out their washing. Finally German guns fired. The sound-ranging sometimes gave a position for the gun, but usually they did not have any other evidence that it was where deduced. In October Bragg and Robinson picked up the heavy galvanometer in Paris and hauled it by lorry up to the Fifth Army area in Flanders, where they were to start operations. Carbon–graphite microphones and wire came from Britain. The unit had been expanded by the addition of a lorry with driver and mate to carry the massive galvanometer, one lineman and one NCO, and two drivers of Singer cars for the use of the two officers. Bragg had escaped from the horses.
News from home
Then Bragg had bitter news. His brother Bob died of wounds on 2 September at Suvla Bay on Gallipoli, serving as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Artillery in the 11th Division. Their sister, Gwendolen, eight years old at the time, described how the news reached her at the family home near Leeds: 'But one morning as I was standing by the shallow stone sink in the kitchen, looking out into the garden, my father unexpectedly passed the window, came in, said to me quickly in a low voice "Bob's gone" and then went upstairs to my mother. I heard her cry out.'8 Soon thereafter Bragg heard that his closest friend from Trinity College been severely wounded; he died two years later.
Better news came in a later letter from father. On 12 November 1915 they had been jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in physics. Bragg was the youngest laureate ever and they were the only father–son team ever to share a prize (figure 1). When he received this news he was billeted in the home of a Curé, who proffered a bottle of Lachryma Christi in celebration.
The basis for the award was the 'reflection' idea that had come to Bragg one day in 1912 when he was walking in the backs along the river Cam. His insight led to the Bragg equation, the elucidation of the nature of X-rays, and the use of X-rays in determining chemical structures. Bragg and his father remembered it as '…a glorious time when we worked far into every night with new worlds unfolding before us in the silent laboratory'. In his Nobel lecture, which he finally delivered in 1922, Bragg suggested, 'there seems to be hardly any type of matter in the condition of a true solid which we cannot attempt to analyse by means of x-rays'.9
The prize also helped to ease Bragg's feelings towards his father, which had been shaken during their collaboration, as we know from his own testimony in later life. Father had reported some of their joint work in two letters to Nature that gave credit to 'my son' for the equation but did not even give his name.10 In 1913 father had been invited to the Second Solvay Conference, along with Einstein, Laue, Rutherford and other luminaries of international physics. In his presentation father described his son's results, giving him the credit. Einstein and other distinguished attendees sent Lawrence a postcard of congratulations.11 Lawrence felt that his father had been unjust in not permitting him to describe his idea first. Father had acted unthinkingly, not maliciously, and subsequently went out of his way to make amends.12 Still the incident was '…remembered 60 years later with pain'. Surely this contributed to Bragg's lifelong vigilance to see that credit was always given where due—a key element in his successes as a scientific administrator.
A usable microphone
Sound-ranging was not working well. They located their first enemy gun in November 1915, but successes were rare. The firing of cannon produces very-low-frequency sound waves: a field gun booms at 25 Hz, and larger artillery pieces produce sound at 10 Hz. The diaphragms on their microphones scarcely moved in response to such low tones, and hence the signal recorded by the string galvanometer was almost undetectable on the photographic film. It was especially frustrating because there was abundant energy in the sound waves from the guns. In Bragg's billet in Flanders the latrine was in a small window-less chamber off the kitchen; when the door was closed the only opening to the outside was beneath the seat. Every time that a British 6-inch gun fired from its emplacement about a quarter of a mile away, Bragg's bottom was elevated perceptibly off the seat, even though often he heard nothing at all. They needed a detection system sensitive to low frequencies. Another problem was that high-velocity guns make two sounds, a loud 'shell-crack' generated when the projectile breaks the sound barrier—loud, but useless for accurate gun location—followed by the dull, barely audible boom, the 'gun-wave'. The microphone diaphragm was still vibrating in response to the crack when the boom came, so the boom could not be distinguished on the film. They called this 'washout'. In contrast, the microphones were all too sensitive to rifle shots, buzzing insects, nearby bad language and the like. They did not solve this problem for months.
Nonetheless, Colonel Jack, with his 'unfailing kindness and gaiety', thought the results 'just satisfied requirements', so he started up additional sections. Bragg was authorized to attend unit parades, where he would order: 'all Bachelors of Science step forward'. He would pick the most likely, who usually were willing to volunteer and more than satisfied after they joined up. Like any research group, Bragg's outfit had periodic meetings to thrash out successes, failures, bits of gossip, and so on, followed by what Bragg described as a 'binge of heroic magnitude'.
Each sound-ranging section had 3 officers and 18 others: 1 Sergeant, 1 instrument repairer, 1 photographer, 3 linemen, 2 telephonists, 3 forward observers, 3 batmen and 4 motor transport drivers. The first was designated 'W'—presumably for 'Willy', as Bragg was generally known in the Army as he had been in the family. Bragg was promoted to Lieutenant, 'to remain seconded', on 20 June 1916, and appointed 'Acting Captain whilst holding a special appointment' on 3 September 1916.13 At first the new men were trained by Bragg at his section. As the expansion continued he set up a school at Merlimont-Plage, 25 miles south of Boulogne. The sound-ranging sections were incorporated into Field Survey Companies, which also included flash-spotters and topographers. Each Army had a Field Survey Company, but remarkably they were all commanded by Maps GHQ. By the end of the war the Field Service Battalion had 5000 men. There were Companies in France, Italy, Salonica and Palestine.
The sound-rangers worked closely with flash-spotters, who used a flash board devised by Lieutenant Henry Harold Hemming.14 It eliminated observer suggestibility. When they started to locate a gun each post heard a buzzer when the lead observer had seen a flash. If they had also seen a flash they buzzed also. When all posts were buzzing together, the buzzers to the posts were cut off. If the controller still received simultaneous signals from all observers he knew that they were on the same target. Bragg helped with the electrical implementation of the flash board and he and Hemming—a Canadian—became friends and collaborators, which was especially useful when the Germans took to setting off false flashes that made no sound.
The microphone problem was solved by Corporal W. S. Tucker, who had studied physics at Imperial College, London. During the winter he slept in a tar-paper shack. There was a hole near where his head lay on his pillow. Now and again he was annoyed by a chill puff of air against his cheek—a pressure wave from a cannon. It reminded Tucker of an apparatus used to measure wind velocity. He passed the idea on to Bragg, who always gave Tucker full credit. Air currents were measured by taking advantage of the fact that cooling a wire raises its electrical resistance. To measure wind velocity a length of wire was heated by running an electrical current through it. The wire was one limb of a Wheatstone bridge. The voltage drop through the wire was balanced by adjusting a variable resistor in the opposite arm of the bridge so that no current flows through the galvanometer. If airflow cools the wire, the bridge is unbalanced and current flows through the galvanometer.
They tried it with a thin strand of wire stretched over the opening of an empty rum jar. It worked nicely when blown on. To do it properly they needed thin platinum wire. When proper wire came from England they picked up an empty wooden ammunition box, which were lying about everywhere. They ran the platinum wire the length of the box and drilled a hole in the cover for the pressure waves to enter. 'I will never forget the thrill of seeing the first record, in which the shell-wave hardly made the galvanometer string quiver, while the gun-wave gave an enormous kick'. Most other battlefield noises had no effect because they were higher frequency.
Still there were problems. Gusts of wind cooled the wire and distorted the recordings. They tried covering the hole in the box with wrappings. Most either blocked the air movement or did not stop the wind. Persisting, they found that wrapping the box in several layers of standard issue camouflage netting did the trick. Later in the war the Germans experimented with a similar detection system but they never solved the wind problem. Then there was an unexpected but more readily soluble problem. Small insects liked the warmth, but when they settled on the thin wire it would break. The answer was to put copper screening over the aperture to the box. To their amusement the screens officially became 'protector, Earwig, Mark I' on the army stores list.
Sound-ranging in practice
They remained at the mercy of nature; no sound-ranging system would work well when the wind was blowing toward the German lines. As Bragg wrote, 'due to the "principle of maximum cussedness" the wind in Flanders and Artois was usually westerly'. Sound is thrown upward by a head wind, so it passes above the microphones. When the wind blows toward the observer, sound is deflected downwards and arrives with a 'sharp crest'. Misty weather was ideal: little wind and uniform temperature. Sound curves over hills and buildings, so they do not interfere.
They shifted the making of Tucker microphones to England. The manufacturers did a professional job, stringing the wires through neat metal boxes. The elegant apparatus worked poorly. Just as the performance of a high-fidelity speaker depends on its enclosure, by chance the ammunition box had just the characteristics needed. So there were no more metal containers. The first 20 string galvanometers were from Bull; after that they were made by the Cambridge Instrument Company.
The typical setup for a sound-ranging unit was to have six microphone stations and two observation posts in front of them. The observers would push a key when they saw a gun flash or heard a boom; their signal would turn on the film transport in the galvanometer. Each setup required about 40 miles of low resistance, well-insulated wire—of higher quality than telephone wire. The wires were run on stakes above ground, so they were exposed to destruction by enemy fire and to pilfering—Australians were considered a special menace. The microphones were usually about 4000 yards behind the front line, along a 'base' of about 9000 yards. Eventually the microphones were spaced 'at absolutely equal intervals on the arc of a great circle facing the enemy line'. At first Bragg rejected this 'fussy and artificial ideal', which was a challenge to the surveyors, proposed by Lloyd-Owen and Gray. However, the advantage is that with this configuration the pattern on the film from the firing of a gun has a regularity that is readily recognized, so that a trained interpreter could pick out the deflections from a single gun when several were firing (figure 2a).
Figure 2b illustrates how the position of a gun could be determined. The method is cumbersome, so in practice the method shown in figure 2c was used. It merely required the interpreter to position cat-gut strings fixed on a local map at the midpoints between the microphones onto a scale on the upper part of the map. The gun is where the strings cross. The accuracy was usually within 100 yards. Then the camouflaged gun position often could be pinpointed from aerial photographs. With time the analysis became more sophisticated. The records also showed the shell-crack from a high-velocity gun and where the shell exploded. From this information the calibre of the gun could be estimated. This could be verified by sending someone out to the shell hole to pick up the fuse from the exploded shell. Bragg pointed out that 'for determining the calibre of a gun "local information" on this point is also useful, if one remembers to divide by two the estimate of the calibre formed by those on the spot from the explosion'.
Sound was also used for ranging the British counter-battery fire. According to Jack, 'An ingenious mechanical plotter was devised by Bragg whereby the necessary corrections could be supplied to our gunners in a very short time, in terms of yards short or over, minutes right or left'.
Their calculations required a value for the velocity of sound, which varies with air temperature and wind direction. At first they used tables to correct for atmospheric conditions. Later they fired charges at a position behind the British lines that was surrounded by a ring of microphones. From these measurements they could calculate the sound velocity at the time and also corrections for prevailing winds.
They knew that they were succeeding when a German order was captured: 'In consequence of the excellent Sound-ranging of the English, I forbid any battery to fire when the whole sector is quiet, especially in east wind. Should there be occasion to fire, the adjoining battery must always be called on, either directly or through the Group, to fire a few rounds'. The joke was that the British knew that firing the additional guns would not bother their recordings in the slightest. When they captured German positions they found that they had failed to find less than 5% of the battery positions.
The Germans also worked with sound-ranging, but the best apparatus they developed relied on skilled listeners, who would try to get the bearings by auditory location from amplified signals. They could locate howitzers, but not high-velocity guns. They captured some of the British apparatus in an attack on 30 November 1917,15 but as mentioned above there were still problems they could not solve. One of the physicists working on the German side was Max Born (later FRS), who was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1954. He wrote little about sound-ranging and seems to have given as much time as he could collaborating with colleagues in his unit on calculations of the internal energy of ionic crystals.16
On one of his home leaves Bragg found that his father was working on underwater microphones to listen for submarines. Bragg pointed out that they might also be used for locating underwater explosions; the sound waves travelled much further under water. His idea was taken up and used in the seas around naval bases. Father's major contribution to the war effort was initiating an echo system for locating submarines (ASDIC).
For accurate firing, guns must be calibrated: the muzzle velocity must be known. Some of this was done at the front. Bragg measured muzzle velocity at a test firing range near the channel, where a test shot could be fired off to sea. The shell ripped through two webs of wire a known distance apart, generating an electrical signal that would be recorded on the galvanometer film, from which the velocity could be measured. Often the muzzle velocity was then painted on the gun barrel.
Sound-ranging in British attacks
At Passchendaele in 1917, the artillery commanders overseeing the offensive insisted on pushing the flash observation posts up close to the line. Hence it was impossible for them to keep their phone lines working through the heavy German fire, and they were almost useless. The sound-rangers did much better. They located 190 enemy guns in the first 20 days of the British offensive. The British artillery fire smashed and cratered the Flemish countryside into a morass in which men drowned on their way up to face the German machine guns in their concrete pillboxes.
The achievements of field survey and the maturing of the British Army were brilliantly displayed on 20 November 1917 along the Hindenburg line west of the German-occupied city of Cambrai. The operation was proposed by the tank commanders Fuller and Elles as a raid.17 Surprise was crucial, there would be no advanced gun registration and no preliminary bombardment; the tanks would crush the German barbed wire. Then GHQ transmuted the raid into a breakthrough. At dawn the British guns unleashed an intense bombardment, with a majority of the shells falling on the German gun line. The German guns had been accurately pinpointed by the flash-spotters and sound-rangers. The British fire was effective because they could accurately set calibrated guns from map coordinates alone, because they had precise surveys of the positions of their guns and one or more precisely surveyed stakes or 'bearing pickets' in front of each battery, from which they set the angle on which to lay the gun. Each battery had an 'artillery board', a map with a string coming from the position of the gun. When the string was extended to the target the angle between the bearing picket and the target could be read from a scale. The German artillery was suppressed.
Then a barrage crept across no-mans-land; it consisted of one-third high explosive, one-third shrapnel and one-third smoke. The noise, the smoke and the heavy morning mist concealed the 381 tanks treading across no-mans-land toward the defenders. The Germans counted on their trenches to stop any tanks; they were 12 feet wide, which a tank could not span, but the British bridged them with bundles of brushwood. Most of the German infantry did not wait to confront the attackers; they hurried back to the second and third trench lines. The major problems that the attackers faced were a few anti-tank guns and their intrepid crews, dug in near the German front, which did not ordinarily fire and consequently were not on the British artillery maps. On the first day the British advanced two to four miles, sustaining about 4000 casualties. They took as many prisoners. The church bells rang in London.
The breakthrough was to be exploited by five cavalry divisions that Field Marshal Haig had allocated for that purpose. They failed in part because, as the British Official History, quoting an American, put it: 'You can't make a cavalry charge until you have captured the enemy's last machine gun'.18 The British artillery had to be moved forwards, and once there they were less effective because the new positions were not yet surveyed. The advance stalled. On 30 November the Germans launched a hurricane bombardment of the British positions, with many gas shells. Then came the counterattack, with storm troops in the van. They slipped through the weak points in the British line and fanned out into their rear.19 The Germans recovered most of what they had lost and even took part of the old British line.
The most spectacular demonstration of the capability of sound-ranging was locating a giant German gun firing at the Canadian troops on Vimy Ridge from the shelter of a woods 11 miles behind the lines. This was more than twice the distance that a section could detect. Therefore they used three sound-ranging sections, and by coordinating their records they managed to pinpoint the target.
Bragg and Hemming were transferred to GHQ in April 1918 to coordinate the work of all of sound-ranging and flash-spotting units. Bragg was 'appointed Temporary Major whilst specially employed' on 14 June 1918. One of their first improvements came when they learned that German fliers observing the fall of shot would issue the order to fire by wireless. When this order was received at the sound station the film transport was immediately turned on. The short length of exposed film was developed within 15 seconds and they could locate the gun.20
The British attack on 8 August at Amiens came after a week of fog and mist that grounded air reconnaissance. The Germans spent the week shifting their artillery to new positions. The sound-rangers had followed their movements, so when the attack began it was Cambrai all over again, the German artillery was swamped by counter-battery fire, unable to stop the tanks that rolled forwards to tear through their wire. As Ludendorff said, it 'was the black day of the German Army'.21 But after the first surge forwards, the British did not repeat past mistakes. The infantry stopped at set lines, defended themselves against counterattacks, making only small, spoiling attacks, while the artillery moved up, was surveyed into their new positions and issued new maps. Then they were ready for the next surge forwards.22
When the war ended, Bragg was a Major with the OBE and the MC; he had been mentioned in dispatches three times. Hemming was also mentioned in dispatches three times, had the MC and was also a Major, as was Tucker. Hemming's additional reward was £100 from the Board of Inventions and Research for his flash-spotting board. He found it a godsend for starting back in civilian life. Bragg had a complimentary review from the Board but no money.
Hemming became a successful banker. Jack retired as a Brigadier General and then for 10 years directed the Ordnance Survey. Histories of the Great War often mention outstanding German Staff Officers. On the British side, Jack deserves more attention. As he wrote, 'I think we are justified in questioning whether there is any branch of the Army which in proportion to the numbers engaged had a greater effect on operations'. Bragg continued his outstanding scientific work and also was an extraordinarily successful developer of scientific programs, using the administrative skills he had honed in the Army. In 1962 four Nobel laureates were named for work performed at the Medical Research Council Unit in the Cavendish Laboratory, which Bragg had formed, obtained funds for, advised, and cheered on. This was a conclusive demonstration of how correct Bragg had been with his idea that X-rays could be used to determine the structure of complicated molecules such as haemoglobin, myoglobin and DNA.23
When the war broke out in 1939 Bragg was aghast to see the useless frills that had been added to the sound-ranging equipment, and set some backs up with his outspoken criticisms. Then he watched contentedly as they were discarded one by one.
I am grateful for the assistance of T. M. C. Van der Kloot, Judy Samarel and the staffs of the London Library, the British Library, the Wellcome Library, the Public Record Office, the Imperial War Museum, the Library of The Royal Society, and the Royal Engineers Library.
↵† Present address: The Boathouse, 1 Fort Gate, Newhaven BN9 9DR, UK.
- © 2005 The Royal Society
- 1.↵
- 2.↵
Public Record Office: WO 374/8505.
- 3.↵
- 4.↵
- 5.↵
W. H. Bragg and W.L. Bragg, X-rays and crystal structure (G. Bell & Sons Ltd, London, 1915).
- 6.↵
The Times, 20 May 1915, p. 5.
- 7.↵
He became a Captain, and at the end of the war was the Adjutant of the First Field Survey Battalion. Subsequently he had a distinguished career in physics and then was the Vice-Chancellor of the University of London from 1954 to 1955. E. N. da C. Andrade,
- 8.↵
- 9.↵
- 10.↵
The sequence of the letters to Nature seems curious, especially because it was not uncommon for letters to be signed by several authors. The first letter was W. H. Bragg, 'X-rays and crystals',
- 11.↵
I call William Lawrence simply Lawrence throughout to avoid confusion with his father William Henry. When he was knighted he chose to be addressed as Sir Lawrence Bragg.
- 12.↵
In the preface to W. H. Bragg and W. L. Bragg (op. cit., note 5), father wrote, 'I am anxious to make one point clear, viz. that my son is responsible for the "reflection" idea which has made it possible to advance, as well as for much the greater portion of the work of unravelling crystal structure to which the advance has led.'.
- 13.↵
Public Record Office: WO 374/805. He was awarded the Military Cross (London Gazette, 1 January 1918) and appointed an Officer of the British Empire (London Gazette, 15 March 1918). He was mentioned in dispatches on 16 June 1916, 4 January 1917 and 7 July 1919.
- 14.↵
Public Record Office 389/6. Memoirs of Lieutenant-Colonel H. H. Hemming. Imperial War Museum Documents PP/MER/155.
- 15.↵
Memoirs of G. Prouse, Imperial War Museum Documents 84/26/1.
- ↵
- 16.
- 17.↵
- 18.↵
Captain Wifried (compiler)
- 19.↵
For a vivid description of the counterattack from the viewpoint of a German company commander see
- 20.↵
Prouse, op. cit. (note 15).
- 21.↵
- 22.↵
This narration of the sequence of events at Amiens, which is not laid out in most histories, is in Innes (op. cit., note 3), pp. 13–31.
- 23.↵
The Chemistry prize was shared by Max Ferdinand Perutz FRS and John Cowdery Kendrew FRS 'for their studies of the structures of globular proteins'. Perutz had determined the structure of haemoglobin and Kendrew that of another oxygen-carrying protein, myoglobin. Francis Harry Compton Crick FRS and James Dewey Watson (later ForMemRS) shared the Physiology and Medicine prize with Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins FRS from King's College, London, for solving the structure of DNA.
- 24.↵


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The sun was beginning to rise when Ken woke up. He got up off the bed that he made for himself and Jack. Jack was still sleeping when Ken woke up. So Ken sat down, cross legged, and sat his hands on his knees. He closed his yellow-outlined eyes and began to meditate. He did this for about thirty minutes, just breathing deeply and focusing on nothing.
It seemed right when thirty minutes was up, Jack woke up. He went over to his brother and put his face right next to his. The feeling of a new presence, made Ken open his eyes, right in front of his vision were the amber and green eyes of Jack.
"Good morning brother!" Jack smiled widely.
"Good morning brother," Ken liked his brother, but was slightly annoyed that he was interrupted.
"We should explore today!" Jack suggested.
Ken sat there for a second and thought that wasn't such a bad idea. There was a small forest area very close to them, and even on the same level. So Ken nodded his head and said, "Alright, let's explore the forest area."
Jack smiled widely and cheered, "Yay! Exploring!" Jack started to walk to the forest. Ken got up and quickly caught up to his brother. They explored the dense forest for awhile, not meeting anyone or anything interesting.
"Oh my gooooood Trista, why would you bring me heeeere?" A female v-mon whined, hiking up some steep cliff side, following the yellow fox tail of her partner in crime, Trista. She didn't really want to side track to the mountains, but her partner really wanted to go, never going herself. Their little foray into he Forest took a lot out of Venus, but at least she was getting to see some beautiful countryside. The view from here was spectacular to say the least.
"Oh come one Venus, you know this is exciting" the renamon laughed, hopping up the rock side like she'd done it all her life. "And your slow! Keep up girl!" she chuckled, sticking her tongue out at the V-mon, who growled and scrambled up faster. "There you go~ Come on, your almost there Venus~ Shake that tail of yours~"
"I'd like to shake your tail!" she growled, climbing up to even ground, pulling herself up and panting heavily. "Ohhh...I hate not being evolved, I miss my champion form" she said, sniffing indignantly. "I'm more athletic in that form, prettier too" she said, pulling her legs in close and huddling up moodily.
"We've been over this Venus. You don't need looks to be good at doing something" The renamon said, chuckling nervously. Her partners adult form was always a touchy subject to poke around with. "Though, I do admit being a level up would probably help us both with mobility. I bet I could be a lot faster moving if I could evolve" she said, sighing wistfully. Unlike Venus, she didn't remember what her evolutionary forms were, thus she couldn't say for sure whether she'd be of help evolving or not.
"Yea...Lets just move on" Venus said, standing up and brushing herself off. "Sooner we can both evolve the better right?"


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My friend's Dell inspiron 8600 laptop has a bad HD and she is looking into replacing it. Dell wants to charge her $400 but I know I have found the actual Dell 60gb piece for about $140 which I would probably help her install. I'm more curious whether the "universal" drives would fit, since a little more money buys a 80gb "universal" drive.
A second question is how complex is the install? I have done a HD install in desktops several times but have never opened a laptop.


text:
Even negative outcomes can happen using the herd mentality...
Petrified Forest National Park A/B tested two versions of a sign imploring people not to steal pieces of petrified forest from the park. One mentioned large amounts of petrified forest taken away on an annual basis, the other one simply asked the visitors not to remove petrified wood. The first one actually tripled the theft ratio as it showed stealing petrified wood as something commonplace. Same effect was observed after airing an ad that implored women to vote, but mentioned that 22 million single women did not vote last year. That kind of information actually portrays not voting as more socially acceptable.
I got this from Yes! 50 Scientifically Proven Ways to Be Persuasive alex.moskalyuk
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What's Happening in Palm Desert?
No matter the season, there's always plenty to see and do in the Palm Desert area. From special events like Fashion Week El Paseo and the Palm Desert Food & Wine Festival, sporting events such as the BNP Paribas Open tennis tournament, and exciting theatrical and musical performances at the McCallum Theatre, there's something for everyone. Search our complete event listings below or browse our list of Palm Desert Signature Events and other major events in the desert.
Palm Springs Modernism Show & Sale
- Date: -
- Location: Palm Springs Convention Center
277 N Avenida Caballeros
Palm Springs, California 92262
The 17th Annual Palm Springs Modernism Show & Sale will feature 85 premier national and international dealers offering furniture, decorative and fine arts representing all design movements of the 20th century. An opening night Preview Gala benefiting Modernism Week will be held from 6pm to 9pm on Friday. Preview tickets are $75 in advance and include a show catalog. Weekend show hours are 10am to 6pm on Saturday, 10am to 5pm on Sunday and 10am to 4pm on Monday. Weekend admission is $20 and good for return entry and catalog. Tickets are available online or at the entrance to show.


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South Sudan Tree of Life – assist people trying to survive a state of famine
We are growing a Tree of Life for South Sudan!
Why? Because At JAM our staff are passionately committed to assist the families facing unimaginable hardship. We are experiencing first hand that the country is heading for a disaster of huge proportion! We need to do something; we need to raise funds to help more South Sudanese who are living in a state of famine and crisis.
4.9 million South Sudanese were classified as severely food insecure between February and April 2017. This is projected to increase to 5.5 million people, at the height of the 2017 lean season in July.
Acute malnutrition remains a major public health emergency in South Sudan, and the reality of the declared famine.
People have lost their homes, their livelihoods and have no access to food. We captured the hardship of the Thiak family, who were forced from their home and finally came to live under a tree with no access to food. They ate wild fruit from the tree that had next to no nutritional value for their bodies. We called it the famine tree.
The Tree of Life is an art concept where we create a tree of "Life". The trunk and branches of the tree represent the firm structure that JAM provides to bring life saving help to the South Sudanes people. We have the presence, experience and logistics within South Sudan to be efficient and effective! As we receive donations for South Sudan we will add leaves to this structure and it will grow into a beautiful tree that brings Life to a destitute place.
When you donate to help one person in South Sudan you get one leaf painted on the Tree of Life, with your name added to the leaf. You will get 3 leaves added to the tree for every family that you support. You can donate online on behalf of your family and friends.
Information on our campaign will be posted through our JAM social media, so please look out for our posts on Facebook.
Please do what you can do. All donations add to the results we can bring. The more you give; the greater our joint effort will be in saving lives.